LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE NO._._?>_9-8Q____.DATE_.^.-zABSg_ souRCE__CoUeg_e:.._^.lA7A.ds__.. ^(217 ^ TaY\-3"e \8«n ^ June 29, 188il.] THE ^f, ,''■<, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ^ Wnkls raiustrattiJ ioutnal OP Horticulture and Allied Subjects. (^ESTABLISHED IN 1841.) VOL. V.-THIRD SERIES. JANUAEY TO JUNE, 1889, LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STEEET, COVENT GAEDEN, W.C. 1889. T(tr /8 8'1 LONDON : BBADBUET, AGNBW, & CO., PRINTERS, WHITEFRIAUS. TUf (^anlt'ii.T, CliiOilirlf J INDEX OF COISTTENTS. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1889. AniES bifolia, 17:^; A. bnicteata, 242 ; A. Eichleri, 372 ; A. lasiocarpa, 172 Abutilon insigae, .'J90 Acacias, Australian, 18 Achillea rupestris, 715 Aciphylla snnarrosa, 71-"> Adonis vernalis, 026 Aerides vandarum. 430 JEsculus sinensis, 710 Africa, forests of, 498 Agapetes baxifolia, 563 Agave candelabrum, 76; A. dasyliro- ides, 804 Agaves at the Paris Exhibition, 337 Agricultural research, experiments in Sussex and Aberdeen, 435; station, New York, 210 Agriculture, the Minister of, 306 Agri- Horticultural Society of Madras, 20."> Allium azureum, 723; A. neapoli- tanura, 693 Alliums. 724 Allotments, 687 ; evolution of, 72 Almanac, the, 17 Aloe plicatilis, 62G Alpine garden. 171 Alpine plants, 690 Alpines, raising from seed, 171, 244, 270. 302 Alton Towersi, 081 Amancaes, 596 Amaranthus salicifolius var. spleu- didissima, 526 Amaryllis, the, 76 ; at Veitch's, 361 American Apples, 103; notes, 331; Pomological Society, 493 Amorphophallui campanulatus, 746 ; A. Rivieri, 470; A. Titanum flower- ing at Kew, 750, 804; A. virosus, 563 Anderson, J. T.'s, warehouse, 429 Andromeda formosa, 626 Androsace coronopifolia in pots, 558 Anemone blanda, 213 ; A. coronaria, 141 ; A. japonica var. Honorine Jobert, 590 Angrtecum caudatnm, 238 ; A. falca- turn, 139; A. Germinyanum, 752; A. hyaloides. 133, 267 Angrcecums, 203 Anoiganthus breviflorus, 54, 393, 437, 556 Ansellia africana. 430 Antbericum Liliastrum giganteam, 590 Antharium Andreauum vars,, 337 Ants, to destroy, b\y Aphelandra cristata, bbb, 660 Apiary, the, 46, 108, 174, 238, 300, 372, 467, 526, 622, 747, S03 Aponogeton distachyon, 394. 503 Apple culture at St.' Malo, 722 Apple prospects. 588 Apple Uibston Pippin, 244, 277, 401 Apples, American, 103, 181 ; Jersev, 274 Apples, little known, 216. 274 Apples, to preserve, 86, 4'H Apples and Plums for V-irkshire, 54 Aquatics, indoor, 492. 526 Ardisia crenulata, 235 Aroids, 459, 466 Art, Japanese floral. 199 Artichoke, globe. 339; A., Jerusalem from seed, 594 Arura, the white, 277, 341, 374, 40i Arundinella anomala, 396 Ash and Oak, learing of. 727 Asparagus culture, 267; evergreen, 470 ; manure for, 246 ; routs for forcing, ^b Assyrian monuments, sacred trees of, 499 Aster Stracheyi, 747 Astrapiea Wallichii, 54 Auricula, the, 243, 597 ; colours in, 7:>\'ib; development of the edged, 405; origin of the, 529 ; philosophy of. 562, 595, 601 Auriculas, repotting, 724 Aubrietia gr^eca, 694 Austin & McAsland's new warehouse, 340 Awards of Merit, 808 Azalea Deutsche Perle,140 ; A. Pauline Mardner, 140 Azaleas, two-shaped, 370 B Backhol'sf.'s nursery. 301, 774 Badger, Mr. A. B., 370, 80(i Bakeria Tillandsioides, 306 Balsams, 372 Bamboos, 771 Bananas, 627 Barbary plants, 306 Barks, economic use of, 6S4 Barnardesia rosea, 300 Barron, Mr. A. F.. presentation of Veitch medal to, 688 Beaucarne, collections of M., 435 Beans, runner, 310 Beckwith s nurseries, 726 Beetles on plants, 115 Beetroot, 493 Befaria glauca, 563 Begonia gigantea rosea, SCi; B. Jules Bourdon, 435 ; B. manicata planted out. 310 ; B. odordta, 460 ; B. Scharfii, 308 Be;Tonia9, ornamental - leaved, 181 ; tuberous, 500, 591 ; winter-flowering, 233 Benthamia japonica. 39Q Berlin, Horticultural Exhibition at, 8: ) J Bessera elegans, 52 Bilbergia maxima, 594 Biota meldensis, 654 Blenheim Palace Gardens, 337 Bletia hyacinthina, 430 Blight, 783 Bonny's, Mr. J., nursery, 741 Books :^Au3tralian Acacias (Mueller), 18; Australian Orchids (Fitzgerald), 299; Best Forage Plants, &c.(Steblpr & Schroter), 403; Botanical Maga- zine, 43, 209. 337, 465. 659. 751 ; Botanisch Jaarbock, 178; Book of the Farm, 337; British Uredineiv and Ustilagineas (Plowright), 656; Cactus Culture fur Amateurs (Wat- son), 339; Canadian Plants (J. M. Macoun), 306; Chrysanthemum Annual (Castle), 626; Cruise of the Marchesa, (H. H. Guillemard), 371 ; Cypripediees (Gode(roy & Brown), 114, 145, 176; Dairy, the, 146; Dictionary of Gardening (Ed. Nicholson), 306 ; Entomologist, 241 ; Flora of British India (Hooker), 18; Flora von Deutsch- land (Thomd). IS; Flore Fores- tiere de la Cochin-Chine (Pierre), 82, 659 ; Floricultor, 145 ; Folk- Lore of Plants (T. F. T. Dyer), 243 ; Garden and Horticultural Gazette, 82; History of English Bookselling ( Roberts), 18 ; Horticul- teur, 337 ; Illustratinnes Flone At- lanticoe (Cosson). 306; Insect Lite, 209 ; Invisible Powers of Nature (E. M.Caillard).169; Journal of the Bath and West of England Society, 659 ; Journal of Japanese Horticultural Society, 752 ; Journal of the Iloyal Horticultural Society, 337 ; Kew Bulletin, 49, 209, 434, 626; Kew Bulletin (new plants), 466 ; Key to the System of Victorian Plants (F, V. Mueller), 466; Lin- denia, 780; Manual of Botany of the Northern United States (Watson and Coulter), 639 ; Manual of Or- chidaceous Plants (Vt-itch). 43, 84 ; Monographiie Phanerogamarum (De CandoUe). 806 ; Natural History of the West Indies, 145 ; Natur- lichen pflanzen familien. 17. 593 ; Plantic Delavayanae (Franchet), 806; Reicheubachia. 806; Report of Ojservatbas of lijarious la- sects, 1833 (E. A, Ormerod), 691 ; Review of the Planting and Agricultural Industries of Ceylon (Ferguson), 17 ; Rose-growing (J. Harkness), 530; Select Extra Tro- pical Plants (F. V. Mueller), 109; Stechginster und seine wirthschaft- liche Bedeutung ( H. v. liiepenhau- sen-Crangen), b'i'^ ; Treatise on Manures (Gritfiths), 633; Useful Native Plants of Australia (J. H, Maiden), 800 ; Uses of Plants (Boulger), 17, 801 ; Villa and Cottage Gardening (A. Sweet), 370 Books, select list of gardening, &c., 13 Bordeaux broth, 151 Borneo, British, useful plants in, 293 Bossiiei linophylla. 503 Botanic Gardens, Bangalore, 23 ; Bui- tenzorg. 370 ; Calcutta, 398 ; Cam- bridge (report), 26S ; Edinburgh, 178, 604. 690; Gla-^gow, 107, 145. 780; Glasnevin, 595 ; King Williams- town, 402; Madras, 371; Maritz- bnrg, 333; Oodeypore, 333; Oxford, 769'; Singapore, 686; Trinidad, 205, 531 ; list of, 13 Botany, economical and geographical, 240 Bougainvillea glabra, 10 Boucjuet of open air flowers in Janu- ary, 55 Bouvardias, 118 British Fruit Growers Association, 437 Broccoli, a branching. 713.747; Divers' purple sprouting, 372, 563 Brodiieavolubilis,723; B.coccinea,723 Bromeliads, 333 Broughtonia lilacina, 331 ; species of, 491 Brovvallia elata, 301 Brownea princeps, 465 Brussels' chamber of Horticulture, 113 Buddleia.Cliinese and Japanese.species of, 595 Bulb garden, 12, 52, 140, 627 Bulb-mite on Eacharis, 278 Bulbs, Dutch, 401 ; spring, 553 Bulls nursery, 19, 585. 722 Burbidge, Mr. F. W., 800 Burlingtonia fragrana, 363 Bvblffimen, meaning of the word, 210, "243 Cabbages, 627 ; early. 631 Cabomba aquatica, 563 Calandrinia oppositifolia, 466, 724 Calauthes at "The Hendre," 338; spring fl'>woring, 3^3 iV The Gardeuera' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 29, 1386. Calceolaria, the, 276; C. Sinclairii, T2i California, 52 Callas, 181, 211 ; from seed, 118 Camellia, the, 425 ; C. Jubilee, 469 Camellias in Peach-houses, 502 ; out- door, 650 Canada, agricultural progress of, 209 ; entomology in, 497 Canadian fruit marketing, 266 Canal transport, novelty in, 307 Canarina campanula, 340 Candollea tetrandra, 52 Candying fruit in Italy, 770 Cannell's Primulas, 146 ; nursery, 306 Cape forest laws, S3 Caraccas, horticulture in, 145 Cardiff, Roath Park, 370 Carica cuudinamarcensis, 690 Carnation, the, 651, 777; C. Miss Joliff'e, 692 ; trials at Chiswick, 212 ; and Picotee, the, 204 Carnation, border, 717 ; from cuttings, 565, 597, 628; perpetual flowering, 275 Carter's nursery, 300 ; provident sick fund, 719 Castanea japonica, 396 Castello di Poggio-Gherardo, 496 Castle Ashby, the conservatory at, 304 Catasetum Bungerothi, female form of, 461 ; C. CErstedii, 74 Catasetum, flowers of, 460 Caterpillar pest in Cheshire, 780 Cattleya bicolor Measuresiana, 139 ; C. Bluntii, 775 ; C. chocoensis var. Miss Nilsson, 238 ; C. intermedia var. Parthenia, 743 ; C. Lindleyana, 330, 437 ; C. Loddigesii, 108, 395 ; C. Massaiaua, 395; C. Mendelii Venus. 775 ; C. Skinneri, a fine, 6S4 ; C. Trianm Tautzii, 300 ; species of, 491, 555, 619, 648, 718, 744 Cayman Islands, flora of, 531 Cauliflower, Dean's Snowball, 372 Cauliflowers, &c., on light land, 753 Cedar, Red, wood of the, 23 Celery running to seed, 148, 180, 212 Celosias, 372 Celsia cretica. 775 Centropogon Lucyanus, 22, 52 Cephalotus folUcuIaris, 140, 211 Cercle florale d'Anvers, 210 Charleaworth's, J., nursery, 276 Cherry, early purple Gean, 585 Chinese plants, 626 Chironia peduncularia, 465 Chiswick Gardeners' Improvement Association, 81, 434 Chiswick, Irises at, 723 ; notes from, 752 ; proposed arrangements for the year at, 75 Chlorosis, 462 Choisya ternata, 310 Christmas Roses (see Hellebores) Chrysanthemum, the, 76, 530 Chrysanthemum Garnet, 53; C.Jersey nugget, 55 ; C. maximum, 584 ; C. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 243; C. Mrs. Cobay, 21 ; C. uliginosum, 680 ; a blue, 148 ; blooms, damping, 42 ; centenar)' at Ghent, 529 ; Con- ference, National Society's, 39 ; sports, 40, 86 Chrysanthemums, manures for, 105 ; midwinter, 39 ; potting, 775 ; winter and the conference, 48 Church decoration, 594 Cineraria cruenta, 497 Cinerarias, 500; at Farnham Royal, 502 ; double, 310 Cirrhopetalum pulchrum. 238 Cistus monspeliensis, 715 Cistuses, 724 Clay dressing for light soils, 341 Clematis montana, 7J2 Clethra arborea, 85, 148, 182, 212, 278 Cleveley, AUerton, 46 Clianthus puniceus, 341 Clintonia Andrewsiana, 772; C. bore- alis, 772 Clivea miniata splendens, 500 Cliveas, .532 Cliveden, 554 Coal, anthracite, 54, 87 Coburgia trichroma, 333 Cocoa-nut fibre in Brazil, 723 Ccelogyne conferta, 467 ; C. lentiginosa, 139 Coffea bengalensis, 398 Colonial notes, 22, 183, 333, 686 Coltsfoot, early flowering of the, 338, 373, 405 Commission agents, 241 Comparettia falcata, 139 Comparettias, 236 Compensation for cultivation, 18 Cones, uses of bracts in, 531 Continental nurseries, life in, 405 Cornish market garden, a, 647 Cortusa pubens, 690 Cottage gardens, 23 Covent Garden measures, 15 Cranberry growing at Ashburnham Place, 85 Crocus imperati albus, 140 Crocuses, 338 ; in the parks, 370 Crucifers, a few alpine, 590 Cryptomeria elegans, 430 Crystal Palace, the, 723 Cucumber disease, 364 Cucumbers, 628 ; soil for, 524 Cudrania triloba as a silkworm plant, 82 Cultural memoranda, 10, 52 108, 140, 174, 235, 270, 301, 372, 396, 460, 500, 526, 590, 651, 775 Cupric sulphate and fungus moulds, 50 Currant, the Crandall, 563 Cutbush, W., & Son's nurseries, 140, 396 Cycad, tenacity of life in a, 177 Cycads and their culture, 298 Cyclamen, a monstrous, 370 Cyclamen at Reading, 50 Cymbidium albuc^eflorum, 587; C. eburneo X Lowianum, 363 Cyperus niloticus, 179 Cypripedium californicum, 690 ; C. cardinale, 558 ; C. Curtisii, 629 ; C. Elliottianum, 30O ; C. Harrisia- num X var. polychroma, 238 ; C. Lathamianum, 238 ; C. Leeanum X , Masereel's var., 11 ; C. Lemoinieri- anum, 558; C. margaritaceum, 11 ; C. politum X , 236 ; C. Rothschildia- num, 494; C. Schlimii, 395; C. Tautzianum lepidum X , 237 ; C. villosumaureum, 526; C.Williamsi- anum X , 467 Cypripediums at Williams', 338 ; habitat of the, 531 Cyrtanthus lutesceus, 398 O. Daffodil, Ard Righ,727 ; bulbs, 628 ; new, 469 ; rot, the, 459, 622, 628 Daffodils at Penicuik, 663 ; disease of, 725; flowering of, 522 ; from Cork, 466 ; yellow, 465 Daphne cneorum, 660 ; D. Mezereum, 430 Dasylirion, leaf structure of, 50 Datura arborea, 78 Dean's nursery, 596 Decimal system, the, 307 Decorations, floral, 50 Delphinium Zalil, 466 Dendrobium aureum, 494 ; D. calceo- laria, 139 ; D. crassinode, 395 ; D. c. albiflorum. 494 ; D. c. XWardia- num, 683; D. dixanthum, 526; 1). fimbriatum, 468; D.gracilicaule,209; D. Jenkinsii, 395 ; D. Kingianum, 467 ; D. nobile at Hyde. 560 ; D. n. nobilius, 468; D. n. Sanderianum, 203 ; D. n. Schroderianum, 494 ; D. Schneideriauumx. 238; D. tetra- gonum, 203; D. Wardianum album. 203 ; D. W. yellow var. 714 ; D. Wattii, 74 Dendrobiums, culture of, 266 Deutzia gracilis, 558 Didymium dicdaleum on Cucumber plants, 304 Pieffenbachia, the genus, 402 Disa crassicornis, 627 ; D. lacera, 505 ; D. pulchra, 627 Disease of Cucumbers, 364 ; of Daffo- diUs, 725; of Hollyhocks, 808; of Lilies, 112, 278, 799; of Mushrooms, 434 ; of Snowdrops, 275, 565 ; of timber, 659 ; of Tulips, 240 Double flowers caused by mites, 333 Drawing-room, the, flowers at, 273 Dropmore, 722 ; the Douglas Fir at, 807 Drosera cistiflora, 459, 523 Droseras, species of, 716 Druce, Mr. G. C, honours to, 780 Drug sales, 435 ; curiosities of the London, 177 Duchess of Cambridge's funeral, flowers at, 498 Durban. 6S6 Dutch Horticultural Society, 305, .500 Ealing Gardeners' Association, 82, 113 Easton Hall, Grantham, 178 Economical and geographical botany, 240 Eel worms, 625 Egyptian Roses, 51 Electricity and germination, 627 ; tree felling by, 145 Elm, curious growth in, 660 Embia on Orchid roots, 181 Emigration to North-west America, 273 Emigrants' information, 434 Empress Frederick, 113 English Apple and Fruit Growing Company, 83 English gardening, early,. 71; history of, 263, 327, 649, 797 Enkianthus campanulatus, 751 Entomology, 209 Epidendrum bicornutum, 459; E. patens, 743 Epiphyllum truncatum, 502 Epping Forest, 402 Eremostachys laciniata, 466 Eremurus Bungii, 776 Erigeron aurantiacum, 747 Euadenia eminens, 54 Eucalyptus Staigeriana, 437 Eucharis amazonica, 235 ; a fine pot- ful of, 242 Eulophia macrostachys, 774 Euphorbia sp., 245 ; E. Jacquiniseflora, 108 Evergreens and snow, 55 E.xacum afline, 396 Falmouth, vegetation at, 306 Fern steins, carved, 404 Ferns, genera of, 51 ; useful, 105 Fig trees, 118 ; in South Hants, 180 Figs, 149, 469 ; in the open air in the East of England, 10 Filbert crop, the, 402 Filberts and fruit prospects, 245 Fish potash manure, 179 Floral art, Japanese, 199 Florida, fruit and vegetable culture in, 773 Florists' flowers, 53, 76, 146, 204, 243, 275, 307, 530, 555, 651, 724 Flower buds, forcing, 497 Flower colour (see plant colour) Flower garden. 12, 47, 78, 110, 142, 178, 206, 2,38, 2i0, 303, 334, 367, 399, 431, 468, 495, 558, 591, 623, 655, 637, 719, 749, 807 Flower pictures, Miss Bell's, 689 Flower-pot, the standard, 373 Flowers of tan, 628 Flowers, spring, 17 Fog, 465 ; on plants and flowers, eft'ecta of, 54 Food, reserve, the use of, 272 Forestry, 85. .366 ; Californian, 082 ; lectures, 50 ; Michigan commission, 497 Forests, destruction of, 776 ; of central Africa, 498 Fraud on Mr. Chamberlain, 144 French Gardeners' Society, 306 Frost and fruit trees, 502 Frosts, snaps of, 470 Fruit, a new (Kunzea pomifera), 200 Fruit candying in Italy, 770 Fruit culture in Florida. 773; in 1757, 583 ; modern, 295 ; 100 years ago, 181 ; 168 years ago, 373 ; on farms, profitable, 177 ; (Uncle Jacks), 167 Fruit, marketing of, 266 ; prospects, 245, 532, 620, 629, 660, 690, 692, 753 Fruit packing exhibition, 779 Fruits, hard, the preservation, of, 180 Fruits under glass, 13, 47, 79, HI, 143, 179, 207, 238, 271, 303, 335, 367, 399, 436, 463, 500, 527, 559, 591, 623, 655, 687, ■il9, 749, 777, 803 Fruit trees, stocks for, 278 Fruiterers' Company and the Lord Mayor, 144 Fuchsia, the, 141 Fuels and stoking, 20, 179 Fungi, and sulphate of copper, 50 Gardeners, education of, 148, 331 Gardeners' Orphan Fund, 17, 146, 272, 337, 368, 401, 434, 465, 561, 593, 624, 627, 689, 692, 727, 751, 778 ; F^te, 656, 722 Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion, 48. 81, 209, 242, 305, 309, 401, 469, 627, 658, 751, 780; Jubilee anniversary, 781 Gardenias in pots, 141 Gardening, early English, 71 ; English, history of, 263, 327, 649, 797 Garden tools, history of, 457 Gentiana acaulis, naturalised, 782 Geraniums, 748 Germination and electricity, 627 Geographical and economical botany, 240 Gerbera Jamesoni, 772 Ghent Chambre Syndicale, 114, 240, 370, 497, 807 Ginkgo adiantifolia, 310 ; at Kew, 264 Gladiolus, the, 76 ; fertilisation of, 626 Gladiolus vinulus, 723 Glen Eyre, Camellias at, 650 Gloxinia, the, 10 Gloxinias at "Tower House, Chiswick, 744 ; from seed, 270 Godetia Fairy Queen, 20 Godwinia gigas, 398 Gcethea multiflora, 52 Goodia latifoUa, 563 " Good Old Man," 593, 660 Gooseberries, early, 660 Grape, the Madresfield Court, 362, 403 Greece, importation of plants, into, 18 Greenhouse, what is a ?, 247 Gregory of Rezzio, 752, 808 Growth, 469 Gunnersbury Park, Cherry-house at, 532 ; notes from, 77 Gypsophilas, 148 H Haarlem, flowers from. 723 Hainan, useful plants in, 23 Hampton Court Gardens, 73, 104, 169 Hanging baskets, plants for, 504 Hardy flowers, .503 Ilardv fruit culture, 464 Hardy fruit garden. 18. 47, 79, 111, 142, 175, 207, 239, 271, 30;!, 335, 367, 399, 431, 463. 495, 527. 559. 591, 627, 655, 687, 719, 749, 777, 807 Hardy fruits, pinching of, 660 Havana, tobacco trade trade at, 715 Haydon Hall, Eastcot. fruits at, 782 Haynald, Cardinal, 434 Haze! catkins, 310 Heckfleld, views at, 528 The Gardeners' Cliroiucte.] INDEX. [Juue 39, 1889. Helianthus lajtifJorus and Harpalium rigidum spmipleniim, 8l5 Hellebores, 20, loO ; and slugs, 20, 55 Hemsley, Jlr. W. 15., 4',I7 Henderson's nursery (New York), lOli HenJre, Slonmouth, conservatory at the, 33S Hepaticas, 371, 470; changing colour, 502 Herbiiceous border, 21, 651, 743 ; plants, 21, 80 ; select, 21 Hextable nursery, Swanley, 744 High Beecli, bog garden at, 713 Hollyhock, the, 53 ; Disease of, SOS Honesty, purple, 597 Honey and Swarming, 747 Hops, soent, for plants, 374 Horsman, F. & Co.'s nursery, 770 Horticultural Club, 240, 432, 059, 089, 723, 778 ; instruction, 51 ; sundries, 429 Horticulture in the City, 720 Horticulturists, famous, list of, 114, 210, 3.37, 020 Hull Chrysanthemum Society, 659 Hutton Park, Brentwood. PhaUcnopsis at, ."30 Hurst's seed warehouse, 231 Hyacinth diseases, 50 ; the, 400, 597 Hyacinths not flowering, 50 Hyde Park, 723 Hydrangea stellata, 397 I Ice -PLANT, a gigantic, 83 Icerya of the Orange plantations, 209 Ightham Mote, Kent, 135 Hlicium floridanura, 459 Impatiens Hookeriana, 22 ; I. Rodi- gasi, 434 Importation of plants into Greece, IS India-rubber on the Chindwin River, 210 Innsbruck, 722 Insect life. 209 Insects, 145 International Agricultural Congress, 17 Inventions. 215, 307, 436 Ireland, small farms in, 804 Iris Barnumce, 460 ; I. Boissieri, 723 ; I. caucasica, 588 ; I. iberica, 725 ; I. Meda, 209; I. orchioides, 588; I. persica, 310 ; I. Rosenbachiana, 530; I. unguicularis, 108 Irises, at Chiswick, 723; Professor Foster on, 625 Irish notes, 595 Isle of Man, climate of, 562 Ivies, culture of, 265 " Ivies," the, Winchmore Hill, 781 Ivy-flowers, monstrous, 11 Jiitiici, 22 Jamaica cog-wood, 752 Japan Lacquer-tree, 206 Japanese floral art, 199 Jardin des Plantes, Pear trees of the, 209 Jarrah timber fencing. 242 Juniperus virginiana. 23 Jute and its uses, 725 K Kale, Asparagus, 372 Kefersteinia graminea, 494 Kew, 658 ; notes from, 273 ; PhaUe- nopsis at, 204 Kew, plants in flower at, 21, 53, 459, 563, 690, 746 ; specimen trees in, 44,264 Kitchen garden. 19. 47, 79, 143, 175, 207,239, 271. 303, 335, 367, 399, 431, 463, 495. 527, 591, 559,623, 655, 687, 719, 777 Knee-pad, Howard's "combinare,"370 Kniphofia Northite, 746 Kunzea pomifera, 200 Kyllingia monocephala, 556 L\itEL, the indestructable, 307 Liclia anceps HiUii, 238 ; L. Crawshay- ana, 74 ; L. Digbyana x Mossia), 658 ; L. glauca, 395 ; L. Gouldiana, 203, 587 ; L. grandis, 683 ; L. raa- jalis, 587 Laing, J. & Sou's nursery, 170 Lancasliire, storms in, 722 Landolphia florida, 746 Laportea moroides, 659 Lathrica clandestiua, 498, 652 Lathyrus rotundifolius, 803 ; \j, Sib- thorpii (from 0.\ford), 723 Laurels, 620 Law : — Arnold c. White (Primroses), 88 ; Ayling v. Weudt (compensation for stock), 738 ; Bisset u. Slora (dogs damaging plants). 472 ; Bre- mond V, Isaacs, 472 ; Carter & Co, (I. Bolton (payment for seeds), 184, 215 ; Fawcett v. Mortgagees (out- going tenant compensation), 311 ; H'bbert v. Acton Local Board (greenhouse a building?), 247; Locke V, Matthews (seed adultera- tion), 247 ; Lucas v. North-Eastern Raihvav Company (owner's risk), 567 ; Monro i\ Knowles (non-return of baskets), 311 ; Sutherland D.Cad- der Local Board (compensation), 278; Vertegans u. Mason (payment for plans), 535 Lawes' trust, tlie, 751 Leafing of the Oak and Ash, 727 Leguminosi3e, roots of, 51 Leicester and Midland Chrysanthe- mum Society, 209 Lent Roses, 150 Leptospermum scoparium, 529 Lettuces, summer, 681 Lichens, 626 ; what are, 146 Licuala "Veitchii, 659 Life in plants, &c., tenacity of, 177, 245, 502 Lilies, protecting in winter, 692 Lilium auratum, home-grown, ISO ; L. Bolanderi, 723 ; L. giganteum seed, 20 ; L. neil^herrense, 147, 179 ; L. nepalense, 465 ; L. polyphyllnm, 86 ; L. pulehellum, 723 Liliums, 12, 627, 685 Lily disease, 112, 278, 799 Lily of the 'Valley sent to Africa, 438 Linden, M. J., 435 Lindera fragrans, 82 Lindley Library, 15 Linum tetragynnm and L. trigynum, 22 Lithospermum canescens, 691 Loam, 85 London trees, 138 Low & Co.'s nursery. 170, 276 Luculia gratissima, b5 Lunaria biennis variegata, 029 Luton Hoo, 594 Lycaste Skinneri, 203 Lygodium scandens, 180 M Macleanla punctata, 531 Manchester Botanical Society's Report, 176 Manchester Horticultural Improve- ment Society, 82 Manchester Parks, 649 Mangosteen grafting in Jamaica, 22 Manure, cow, for Rhododendrons, 189; fish, 179 ; for Asparagus, 246 ; for Chrysanthemums. 105 ; for Peach trees, 171 ; for "Vines, 21 ; trials at Chiswick, 148; value of poultry, 340 Maguerite, the, in New Zealand, 213 Mar.ket, an impromptu, 465 Market garden, a Cornish, 617 ; notes, 490 Market gardening, 16 ; in Cornwall, 724 Market requirements, 432 Masdevallia Parlatoreana X , 743 ; M. polysticta, 139 ; M. polyantha, 743 ; M. pulviuaris, 74 ; M. Wend- landiana, 587 Masdevallias, 1 14 ; potting, 52 Massoy bark, 498 MaxiUaria grandidora (a dual flower), 139 May, H. B.'s nursery, 31)2 May rains, ^^^ McArthur's nursery, 396 Mealy bug, destruction of, 211 ; on vines, to rid of, 141 Measures, French, conversion tables for, 15 Mediterranean, Vegetation on the, 711 Melia azedarach floribunda, 772 Melons, two crops of, from the same plants, 714 Mentz, International Horticultural Exhibition at, 145 .Mesembryantliemum Barklyi, 83 Metric tables, 15 Metropolitan Public Garden Associa- tion, 17, 800 Miltonia BleuanaX, 203, 749; M. cuneata, 331 ; M. flavescens, 743 ; M. hybrid, 497 ; M. spectabilis, .364 ; M. vexillaria, 114 Miltoniopsis Bleuix, 749 Miinulus, 372 Mites causing double flowers, 333 Morel, culture of the, 212 Mote, Ightham, Kent, 135 Moulds, sulphate of copper for, 50 Muihioom bed failing, 753; disease, 434 Mutinus bambusinus at Sunningdale, 808 Mutisia Clematis, 500, 532, 597 Myosotis alpestris grandiflora, 627 ; M. Rehateiueri, 562 N Narcissus committee, 531 ; N. cyclami- neus, 140; N. Nelsoni group, 598; N. poeticui, 402 ; grown in (Chinese fashion, 463 Narcissi, double white, 694 ; in Ire- land, 306 ; Mr. Burbidge on, 471 Natal to the Transvaal, 183 National Auricula Society, 582; Chry- santhemum Society, 49 ; Co-opera- tive festival, 593 ; Dahlia Society, 658 Natural History Society of Aberdeen, 273 Nectarine and Peach on the same shoot, 529 New South Wales, 204 ; drought and the fruit crop in, 527 New Plants desceibed : — Anemone appenina var. sulphurea, 54; Angraecum Kimballiauum, 552 ; A. polyatachys, 552 ; Arisoema Wrayi, 1.36 ; Bambusa tessellata and B. Veitchii, 521 ; Bouvardia President Cleveland, 54 ; Bulbo- phyllum suavissimum, 297 ; Cata- setum Darwinianum, 394 ; C. fim- briatum platypterum, 168; C. gale- ritum pachyglossum, 73 ; C. Ballau- tiniana, 264; Cvpripedium Cas- siope X , 200 ; C. Claptonense, 163 ; C. Crossianum X psittacinum, 9 ; C. C. Tautziauum X , 43 ; C. insigne Hallianum, 168; C. i. Horsmanni- anura, 43; C. margaritaceum, 4.3; C. Pitcherianumx, 72; C.X robus- tius X Sedeni X longifoliura. 394 ; C. T. B. Haywood, 4'28; C. venusto Spiceriauum X,394; Den- drobium chrysodiscusX, 297; D. chrysolabrum, 770 ; D. chrysos- tele X xanthocentrum. 490 ; D. Fairfaxii, 798 ; D. Harveyanum, 264; D. melanodiscus X, 297; D. Wardiano X aureum, 490 ; Disa tripetaloides, 360 ; Eomecon chio- iiantha,137 ; Epidendrum oarapylo- stalix, 770 ; E. radiatura fuscatura, 43 ; Eria marginata. 200 ; Gladiolus Adlami, 233 ; llabenaria Ma- cowaniana, 168 ; Iris atropurpurea, 330 ; Ixianthes retzioides, 136 ; Lmlia anceps var. amabililis. 104 ; L;cUo-CattleyaX Digbyana-MossiaJ, 742 ; Masdevallia caudata x Estra- da;. 714 ; M. Ciielsoni splendens, 019; M. CourtauldianaX, 200; M. Parlatoreana X, 631 ; Maxillaria marginata, 770 ; Muscari Mawe- anum, 648 ; Odontoglossuni crispum, Stevens' var., 490 ; O. Harryanum pavouiuin, 428 ; O. luteo-purpureuni var. crispatum, 232 ; Oncidium lim- briatum, 584 ; O. Jonesiauum, 54 ; Peristeria Rossiana, 8 ; Fholidota ventricosa, 585 ; Saccolabium gigan- teum illustre. 233 ; Satyrium raem- brauaceum, 136; Schomburgkia le- pidissima, 72; Scutellaria alpina, 54; Selenepediura Isabelianum, 552 ; Sphajralcea nutans, 534 ; Vanda Amesiana, 233 ; "V. KimbalUana, 232 ; Zygopetalum lucidum, 799 New Zealand Flax. 680 Nicotiana aftinis, 651 Nigella damascena, 651 Nitrogen of vegetation, 269, 523 Norfolk Island, 81 Novelties, Continental, 20 Novelties in 1888, 7, 43 Nursery and Seed Trade Association, 308 Nurserymen and rates in olden times (Our forefathers), 370 Nymphrea tuberosa var, flavescens, 459 Oak and Ash, leafing of, 727 ; broken by rime, 459 Oakwood, plants in flower at, 340 OiiiToAEv : — Clievreul, M., 466 ; Eversley, "Viscount, 23 ; Jackson, D., 785; Jones, Col. A. M., 310; Lindberg, Dr., 370 ; Merrifield, Mrs., 115 ; McKenzie, Mr. J. A., 505 ; Peacock, J. T., 247; Radnor, Earl of, 343 ; Reichenbach, Prof. H. G., 624; Kidd. J., 88; Sagot, 17; San- key, Dr. W. H. 0., 343; Southgate, John, 119; Tidswell, E., 247; Vaisey, J. R., 279; Wilson, Mr. J., 535 ; Wood, Rev. J. G., 310 Octomeria supra-glauca, 74 Odontoglossum Andersonianum loba- tnm var. Lemoinierianum. 557 ; O. Bleichroderianum, 780; 0. asper- sum, 395 ; 0. excellens X , 650 ; 0. Harryanum, 430 ; 0. Humeanum, 395 ; O. Pescatorei Lindeniana, 780 ; 0. Rossii Mommianum, 780; O. Sanderianum, 395 ; 0. Warocquea- num, 730 Olearia stellula, 802 Oncidium concolor, 494; O. Jonesia- num var. flavena, 139, 237 ; O. ma- cranthura, 494 ; O. ornithorhyn- chum, 74 ; O. tetrapetalum, 300 ; O. undulatum, 430; 0. unguiculatum, 395 ; O. Widgreni, 557 Onion grub, gas-lime for, 438 Ononis rotundifolia, 724 Oplismenus Burmanni variegatus, 505 Opuntia polyacantha, 465; 0. Ra- finesquii, 209 Orange culture, 204 ; plantations, Icerya of, 209 Orchard fruits, 469 Orchid exhibition, an American, 397 ; fertilisation, 433; houses, 13, 110, 142, 215, 233, 270, 350, 436, 527, 559, 637, 749; fumigating, 438; names, 147; Notes and Gleanings, 11, 74. 138, 203, 236, 266, 299, 330, 363, 395, 4.30, 467, 494, 526, 557, 587, 621, 650, 682, 714. 743, 774 ; roots eaten oy Embia, 18-1 VI Tlie Ganleiiirn' C'liroiiiule,] INDEX. [.luuel'H. H'ft. Orchids, a new " Moss " for, 401 ; at Arbuthnot'8,Mrs.,33l ; at Ardarroch, 633; at Backhouse's, 301, 774 ; at Bath, 402; at Blenheim, OSli; at Boanv's, 741 ; at Bull's 10,585. 722; at Cotnte de Gerniiny's, 630; at Goodrich Court. 774 ; at Heaton, 276; at Mr. Ilubbock's, 236; at Hutton Park, 330 ; at Mr. Ross's, in Italy, 627 ; at Laing's. 170 ; at Low's, 170 ; at Luxembourg, 747 ; at Lythe Hill, 138 ; at Major JIason's, 203; at Sander's, 160 ; at Shipley Hall, Derby, 714; at Mr. Tautz's, 75, 209, 689; at the Briers, Chislehurst, 468; at Veitch's, J. & Sons, 19. 361, 652; at William's, 338; at Woolton Wood. 363, 683; at Wray Park, Reigate, 75 Orchids for Kew Htrbariura, 751, 753 Orchids from Cheltenham, 520; Messrs. Thomson, 582 Orchids, hybrid. 341 Orchids, list of garden, 491, 555, Q\9., 619,718.744,801 Orchids. Mr. Veitch's lecture on. 750 ; of Jamaica, 305; South African, culture of, 10 ; list of, 780 Orwell Park, 772. 7H2 Oxalis cernua var. fl.-pl.. .563 Oxford Carnation and Picotee Union, 83 Oxford, discovery of dried plants at, 752. 808 ; parks of, 689 Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius, 502 Pampas plumes, 489 Pansies and Violas, 404, 651 Papaver U^vigatam, 20 ; P. orientale var., 723 Para rubber imports, 108 Paradise stock, the, 583 Paris Exhibition. 433, 529, 626, 680 gardens at, ^oS ; gardening at, 774 Paris notes, 723 Parsley growing and wintering of, 371, 423, 5.32. 563, 623. 682, 728, 782 Passiflora Pvynesford tiera, 340, 492 ; P. Hahnii. 466 ; P. Pfordtii, 747 Patchouly, 498, 626, 689 Paul & Sons' nurseries, 59o, 713. 622 Pavonia Wiotti, 52 Payment on account, 308 Pea, Dr. Hogg, 339 Peas, early varieties of. 74j ; everlast- ing. 86 ; Laxton's. 115 Peach trees. &c., 149 ; manures for, 171 Peaches, high prices for, ^"i'^ Pear Anne of Brittany, 18 ; President Mas, 564 Pears, 21, 727; quality of in 1888,273; to preserve, 404 Pelargonium Edward Perkins, 597 ; P. Venus, 438 Pelargoniums, 307 ; at Cannell's, 306 Pentstemon glaber, 802 ; P, rotundi- folius, 659 Petasites fragrans, 54 Petunias, 372 ; double, 10 Phalfenopsis, the, 621 Phalainopsis araabilis, 468; the naming of, S>^ ; P. a. grandiflora, 52 Phalsenopsis, culture, 44 ; at Liver- pool and at Kew, 204, 246, 267 Phaius Blumei Bernaysii, 236 ; P. maculatus, 526 ; P. Mannii, 714 Philadelphia, botanic gardens for. 529 Phlox decussata and hybrids, 212 ; P. Drummondi, 651 Phloxes. 206 Phcenix Park, Dublin, 595 Phyllocactuses, 746 Phylloxera in Asia Minor, 434 ; foes of the. 209 Pine-applea, 114, 182, 686 Pine fibre matting, 177 Pinguicula caudata, 334 Pink, the. 652 Pinus cembra, 280 ; P. insignis, 6.54 ; V. Jeffreyi, 360 ; P. ponderosa, 758 ; P. sylvestris at Castle Huntley Park, fall of, 210 Plant colour, 109, 182, 211,241,276, 309 Plant names, 118, 210 Plant Portbaits : — Aerides expan- sum, 563 ; Ampelovitis sp., 21 ; A. Davidii. 726; Angnecum sesquipe- dale, 563 ; Aristolochia elegana, 210 ; Aster amellus, 302 ; A. linari- folius, 302; A. Stracheyi, 362 ; Be- gonia Madame Camille Thierry, 210; Berberis Thunbergii. 339; Billbergia thyrsoidea, 339 ; Boro- nia heterophylla, 115: Bouvardia President Cleveland, 210 ; Biirling- tonia fragrans. 339 ; Calochortus obispcunsis, 530 ; Cattleya labiata autumnalis, 530 ; C. Massaiana X, 339 ; C. Schilleriana, 210 ; Chamie- rops humilis var. dactylocarpa, 530 ; Cherry, white Bigarreau, 530; Chry- santhemum Admiral Symonds, 210; C. Jane. 210; C. Lady R. Churchill, 210 ; Cirrhopetalum ornatissimum, 563; CUveiaminiata,726 ; Codiieum The Czar, 115; Coelogyne cristata alba, 563; Colocasia indica, 339; Coraparettia falcata, 115; Cypri- pedium cardinale x , 563 ; C. cauda- tum var. Albertianum, 563; C. Crossianum, 115; C. Maesereeli- anura, 530; C. Rothschildianum, .530 ; Dendrobium aureum, 530 ; Eugenia Carberi, 210; Fendlera ru- picola, 362; Godetia Fairy Queen, 403 ; Helianthus mollis var. cauda- tus, 530 ; Irex Amelanchier, 339 ; Kalmia latifolia Pavarti, 21 ; Lselia albida. 530; L. (jouldiana, 563; L. majalis, 563 ; Lilium Martagon atroaanguineum, 302 ; Louryana campanulata, 362; Luculla gra- tissiraa, 563 ; Lycaste Skinneri de- licatissima. 530 ; Masdevallla tova- rensis, 403; Mittonia BleuanaX, 563; M. Regneli purpurea, 563; M. spectabilis. 210. 339 ; Mormodea luxatum, 362; Neillia Torreyi. 115; Nymphaea marliacea chronoletta, foliis marmoratis, 339 ; Odonto- glossum Cervanteai lilacinum, 403; O. crispum var. President Thal- dua, 563 ; O. radiatura, 115 ; Oncidium Forbesi var. maxima, 115; 0. iridifolium, 403; O. Jonesi- auum, 210 ; O. macranthum, 530 ; O. orthotis, 115; Oatrowskya mag- nifica, 21, 115; Oxera pulchella, 302 ; Papaver lievigatura, 403 ; Passiflora Watsonlana. 210 ; Peach Domerque, 530 ; Pear Bella de Far- nella, 210 ; Persea gratissima, 302 ; Phalaenopsis gloriosa, 563; Picea ajanensis, 563 ; P. Alcockiana, 563 ; Polystachia pubescens, 403 ; Rhip- salis floccosa, 530; R. pulvinigera, .5;J0 ; Rosa humilis var. triloba, 302 ; Rose rainbow, 530 ; Roupellia grata, 115 ; Saccolabium cceleate, 339 Salpichroma rhomboideum, 563 ; Scabiosa caucasica, 339 ; Schom- burgkia undulata, 210 ; Scilla Ledienii, 530; Simaruba tula;, 726; Sophronitis grandiflora, 115 ; Spino- vitis Davidii, 21 ; Susum anthelmin- ticura, 339 ; Tulip, Grand Duke of Russia, 302 ; Vanda Sanderiana, 530; V. tricolor, 339; Vitis reni- formis. 21 ; V. Romaneti, 21 ; Vriesia fulgidaX, 115 Plant protectors, Hooper's, 307 Plaut structure, effect of mineral sub- stances on (Creatures of circum- stances), 368 Plants and their culture. 12, 46, 78, 110, 142, 175, 206, 238, 270, 302, 334, 366, 398, 435, 494, 527. 558. 690, 623, 654, 686, 718, 748, 777, 803 Plants, certificated during the half year, 808 ; misplaced, 532 ; new. described (see New plants) ; new garden, 466; Schweinfurth's method of preserving. 82 Platyclinis uncata, 74 [330 Pleurothallis immersa, 74; P. Roezlii, Plums and Apples for Yorkshire, 54; and Walnuts at Bordeaux, 600 Plums in Bjsnia, 466 PluQibagj coccinea. 108 Polemonium pauciflorum, 772 Polyactis cana, 700 ; P. guhinthina, 275 Polyanthus, the, 652 Polygonum sphicrostachyum, 723, 747 Pope's, J., nurseries, 505 Poplar, to prevent death of the L)m- bardy, b^i'Z Poppies, 775 Poppy, the Shirley, history of, 308 Portulaca, the, 332 Pot, the scientific, 436 Pots, Messrs. Saakev & Sons, 82 ; si/.-^s of, 15 Potato disease, 246; Lord Tennyson, Potatos, chemical composition of, 51 ; early, without glass, 87 ; growth of, 592, 691 ; manuring experiments with, 743 Poultry manure, value of, 340 Presentations, 18 Preserving plants, Schweinfurth's method of, 82 Prickly Pear, to rid of, 178 Primrose, the Chinese, 115. 146 Primroses, hardy, 180 ; in winter, 66 Primula, the genus, 532 Primula floribunda, 147 ; P. obconica, 147; P. o. as an irritant, 338; P. rotundifolia, 690 : P. Rusbyi, 782 ; P. Stuarti, 715; P. Sieboldi, 693; P. sikkimensis, 600 Primulas at Carter's, 300 ; at Sutton's, .W ; red and green stemmed, 244 Protea cynaroides, 746 ; P. nana, 523 Propagating pan, Pascall's, 215 Psoralea pinnata, 692 Puccinia Schra^teri, 725 Puya Whytei, 746 Pyrethrum roseura, the florists'. 274 Pyrus japonica, 626 ; P. Maulei, 654 QciN'iN'K, cheap, 30ti Rafi-'lrsia, a new. 562 Railway rates. 432. 496. 560, 562, 5j1, 617, 625, 722, 780, 781 ; proposed (Supplement, April 20) Railway-sleepers, consumption of, •'^') Rain tree, the, 402 Rainfall at Rothamsted, >^b Kamondia pyrenaica, 747. 775 Ranunculus cortusicfolius. .523 Ranunculus, species of, 654 Rating of nurseries, poor and local, counsers opinions on, 308 Reading Gardeners' Improvement As- sociation, 242 Reichenbach, the late Professor, 658, 722; his herbarium, 751; his will, Retinospora meldensis, 654 Reunion, timber supply to, 202 Rheumatism and bee-stiogs, 4<.)4 Rhododendron, a precocious, o^b; R. formosum, 722 ; R. grande, 562; R. Roylei, 722; R. Taylori, 779; R. Princess Alice, 469 Rhododendrons, cow manure for, 180 Rhubarb, earliest gathered, 277 ; Vax- ley, 246 Rhus vernicifera, 206 Uibstoii Hall, Wetherby. old trees at, 213 Rime, Oak broken by. 459 Riviera, winter in the, .551 Rockery, plants for, 302 Rock garden, the, 302 Rodgersia podophylla, 747 Roots of Legumiuos.'c, 51 Rosa fcetida, 240, 277 ; K. moschata, 529 Rose Conferen-A the, 528, 658, 751, 778 Rose Gloire de Dijon, 469 R^3e-growing in America, 331 ; Mr. Spur;jeon on, 497 Rj53 Limirque, 6iS; Midame G. Brjant. 680; M. Niel, colour of, 401. 41^; M. Xiel, hardy?, bb\o. 627, 716; M. Niel, double worked, 782 ; Mo33. 2)2; a plea for Moss, 84; Xiphetos, Sec., 8,> ; Reine Marie Henriette. 428, 557; Sjuvenir de S. A. Prince, 807 Rose prospects, 741 R^ses, 716; wall of Teas, 428; and the pas'; winter. 679 ; Egyptian, 51 ; in a limestone soil, 551 ; in the rock garden. 81; new, 235, 273 ; new, announced. 50; pot, 235 ; Tea, 753; Tea. are they hardy ?, 330 ; white, 603 U'jxburg, Dr., 368 Roy, Dr. J., honours to, 340 Royal Botanic Society of Belgium, 337 Royal Horticultural Society, 113. 144. 147, 176, 336, 401, 465, 528, 594. 722; and the library, 118; (annual meeting), 203 ; autograph collection of, 81 ; sale of plants at South Ken- sington, 520 : schedule of, 80; Temple show, ^SS Rudgea macrophylla, 459 Rush-hats, Chinese, 689 Rust and Mildew, 656 Rye-grass, 115; in pastures, 179 Saccoi-abiom belliaum, 133 ; S. cue- leste, 363 St. Andrews University, 240 St. Lucia botanical station, 205 St. Malo, Apple culture at, 722 Salesmen and bad packiug, .370 Salvia gesnerjcflora, 469 Sand, sea, 374 Sander & Co.'s nursery, 169, 621 Sarcochilus Berkleyii, 621 ; S. luai- ferus, 465 ; S. usneoides, 331 Saxe-gothiea, male flowers of, 782 Saxifraga latepetiolata, 659 Saxifrages, 329, 365 ; hybrid, 365, 374 Schizanthus. 372 Sch5nland, Dr., 434 Scientific Committee, Roval Hoari- cuLTOttAr. Society: Abies bracteati cone, 375 ; Banksia malformed, 662 ; Botrytis of Lily, culture of, 375; Cocoa-nut attacked by Cjccus, 433 ; Crocus, with ephemeral roots. 375 ; Croton wood, scented, 375 ; Dafib- dils and rot, .503; Disalacera. hardy, 119; Eucalyptus galls, 566 ; Enga- din, temperatures in. 375 ; Ferns, hybrid, .503 ; Fog, efl"ects of, on plants, 43S, 503, 5(i6 ; Fraxinus nionophylla fasciated, 119; Galan- thus diseased, 375; G. Elwesi diseased, 24l'i, 430; Hibiscus escu- lentus Coffee, 375 ; Hoar frost damaging trees, 246, 374, 4.39 ; Icerya Purchasi, 118; Katila gum, 375 ; Larix sibirica, gum resin (?1, 375; Lime with contorted branches. 110; Madeira, photos from, 662; Orchid bulbs attacked by insects. 118; Oxalis sp., 503 ; O., scales of, 566 ; Peach with scale insects (?).662; Primroses, blue, .503 ; Reichenbach, death of Professor, (>l)2; Rime, phenomena of, 246. 347. 439 ; Scle- rotinia on Snowdrops, 503; Skina* raia. sp., 2K'): S. Fortune!, 662; S. Japonica, 375; Smut of Barley, 375 ; Temperature, unilerground, 503; Uatilago segetum. 375 ; Vine leaves, warts on, 503 ; Willow, creep- ing. 375; Winter moth, protection against, 119, 632 Scirpus riparius. 505 Scotland, 106, 178, 340, 372, 59S, 633, 690 Scutellaria Mocintana. 52 The GurdeiuTs* Chronicle,] INDEX. [.Illill'l'll. ISS'.l, VU Scuticaria Steelii, 237 Seakale, 299 Season, mildness of, 55 Seed. Adulteration Act, 304 ; and the Merchandise JIarks Act, 141 ; home saved, 212 : production on the Paci- lic coast, GOO; Trade and the Mer- chandise Acts, ISO Seed-pods, picking olT, 78o Seeding of plants, 405 Seeds, adulterated. 434; and the sea- son, 231 ; vitality of, 502, 62S Senecio Ghiesbreghtii, 54; S. macro- glossus, 140 Sericographis Ghieshreghtiana, 14n Shortia gahacifolia, 397. 502 Skimmia, garden species of, 519 ; S. japonica. Foreman's var,, 5(51 ; S. Fortunei, 520 Skiramias, 552, 593 ; hybrid, LS Slugs and snails, 144 Smale's, W. 15., nurseries, 1.39 Smilax officinalis, 059; S. oraata, 751 Smut Fungi, 233, 2(17 Snails and slugs, 144 Snow and Evergreens, 55 Snowdrop disease, 275. 5(55 Sobralia lencoxantha, 751 ; S. xantho- leuca, 8, 54 Societies : — Aberdeen. 5(3, 601 ; Aber- deen Naturalists, 272. 440; B.tth floral fete, (532 ; Bath and \Vest of England, 750; Birmingham, 46t5, 504; Crystal Palace, 407, 631; Dutch. .500; Edinburgh Botanical. 119, 240. 407, 504, 003. 785 ; Glas- gow aud West of Scotland. 439 ; Linnean, 119. 214. 273. 343. 407. 472.566. 598,089, 780; Manchester, 566, 753 ; Natural History, 440 ; National Auricula (N. S.), 560; (S. S.), 534 ; National Chrysan- themum, 49. 55, 83, 184, 240, 306 ; Newcastle, 504; North of Scotland Horticultural, 340. 752 ; North of Scotland Root. 372 ; Nottingham- shire, 466 ; Orchidienne, 83, 401 ; Oxford3hire,SlO ; Paris, 094; Preston and Fulhvood, 402, 407; Reading, 407, 728 ; Royal Agricultural 809 ; Richmond, 407 ; Rochdale. 598 : Roval Botanic, 375, 471. 630, 662, 783; Royal Caledonian. 4.39; Royal Horticultural. 87. 118. 214, 246.342. 374. 400. 438. 471, 503, 533, 566, 629, 662. (I'emple), 695, 728, 757, 783. 809; Royal Na(ional Tulip, 757 : Scottish Horticultural Asso- ciation, 56. 184, 440. 599, 728; .Sc ttish 1^-imula, 598; Torquay, ,505; Wonlton Girdeuers, 214; York Florists', 56 ; York Gala, 784 Solanam pensile, 752 Sophronitis violacea, 203 South Kensington, land at, 780 Spanish Exhibition, 059 Sparmannia africana, 174 Spathoglottis ixioides, 752 Spearmint, 727 SpiraMs, 654 Spring flowers, 434 Stachys, 406; S. tuberifera, 532 Stanley, Mr., on African forests, 498 Steam heating. 18i), 301 Stephanotis Horihuuda, 727, 782 ; El- vaston var., 0:i2 Stocks for fruit trees, 278, 295 ; unsuit- able, 213 ; for the Peach, 310; sur- face rooting, 310 Stocktaking. December, 114; .January, 210; February, 337; March, 465; April, 594 ; Mav, 807 Stokesia cyanea. 054 Storms, the, 752, 753 Strawberry, Dr, Viellard, 306 Strawberry for forcing, 028; packing for travelling, 727, 783 Strawberries, 497, 807 ; in April, 1774, 723 Strelitzia Nicolai, 209; S. Kegin;e, 52 Streptocarpus, sp. n., 51 Streptocarpuses. 746 Streptosolen Jamesoni. 278. 374 Strophanthus BuUenianus. 4-59 Stuart & Mein's nursery. 689 Stuartia pseudo-camellia, 465 Styrax obassia, 209 Succulents, to preserve, .594 Sulphate of copper as a remedy for fungus moulds, 50 Sutton & Son's nursery, 50, 742 Swede turnip, malformed, 147 Swellings in Olive and Pine, .303 Tabern.esiontan.v floribunda, 180 Table decorations, 334 Tachiadeuus carinatus. 43 Talauma Candollei, 459 Tap union, Royle's patent, 650 Taxodium distichum wood, 23 Telopea oreades, 371 Tenacity of life in a Cvcal. 177; in plants, 245 ; in seeds, 502, 628 Terrace garden at Wellesley, Massa- chusetts, 393 Testacella Maugei, 180, 213 Tetraraicra minuta, 526 Tetranema mexicana, 556 Thermometer, conversion tables, 15 Thorpe Perrow, 204 Thumberuia fragrans, 22; T. lauri- folia (T, Harrisii), 22 Tiarella cordifolia, 626. 802 Timber, diseases of, 659 ; measuring, 15 ; supply to Reuaioa, 202 Tobacco in Aberdeenshire, 373 ; &c., in British Borneo, 298; trade at Havana, 715 Tobacco-water for fruit trees, 669 Tomatos, out of doors, 492 Tools, history of garden, 4.57 Torenia Fournieri, 558 Torreya, 800 Tower House, Chiswiok, Gloxinias at, 744 Tradescantia zebrina, 47*) Transplantation, 554 Trans ?aal to Natal, 183 Tree, felling by electricity, 145 ; guard, a rude, 180 ; stakes, iron, 502 ; in trouble, 692 ; measurer, a simple, 141 Trees and Shrubs, 430, t>54 Trees in London, 138 Trinity College Gardens, Cambridge, 752 Triteleia uniflora, 31 1 Tuberose, the, 141 Tulip, the. 243. 5.35 ; byblccmen, mean- ing of, 210. 213; disease of. 240 Tulips, 727 ; at Critchell House, 597 ; bedding, a trial of, 742 Tulipa Eichleri, 659 Turnip gone wrong, 147 U " Uncle Jacks " (Fruit Culture), 167 United Horticultural Provident and Benefit Society, 209, 466 United States, botany of, 659 Useful memoranda, 13 Ustilagineai, recent discoveries as to the nature of, 233, 267 Ustilago antherarum, 662 Vanda gigantea, 557 ; V. Sanderiana, 494 Vanilla trade, French, 78 Vegetable Conference, the, 778, 806 Vegetable culture, 267, 299 Vegetable culture in Florida, 773 Vegetable Titan, a (Amorphophallus), 750 Vegetables, 339, .371, 492, 563. 627, 631, 747 Vegetation, and forest fires, 692 ; on the Mediterranean, 711 ; nitrogen of, 269, 523 Veitch, J., & Sons, nursery, 19, 361, 401, 627, 052; the firm of, 639 Veitch Memorial Prizes for 1889, 81 Veitch's Primulas, 147 Veronica Unifolia, 691 Victoria regia, the, 586 ; in the open ' air, 209 Vilmorin, M. 11. de, 113 Vine at Kinnell House, Breadalbane, 82 ; lifting, 501 Vines, big, 758 ; in pots, 299 ; manures for, 21 ; planting and fruiting, 799 ; to rid of mealy-bug, 141 Violas and Pansies, 1)51 ; as bedders, 404 Violas at the Temple Show, 245, 310 Violet Count Braz/.a (purple), 307 ; Victoria, 028 Violet culture, 137. 173, 201, 307, 373 Violets, 437, 5;!2, 028; and fogs, 118; in smoky localities, 660, 752 W Wallflowks Belvoir Castle, 597 Wallflowers, 558 Walnut trees not breaking, 727 Walnuts and Plums at Bordeaux, 690 Waratah, 371 Wasp Queen, an early. 118 Watsonia aletroides, 746 Weather, 204, 211; by the Tweed. 660 ; in Perthshire, 55 ; in West Scotland, 062 Wedding Lily, the, 371 Wellesley, Mass., U.S.A., Terrace Garden at, .'593 West Indies Botanical stations, 562 Weybridge. 522 Wheat in Great Britain, 335 Wilhelmshiihe, the grand cascade at, l(i, 52 Williams", B. S., nursery, 115, 338 Williams, 11., & Sons', nursery, 396 Wilson's, Mr. G. F.. gardens, 340, 522 Winter flowers, 236 Wisley, 522 AVolkenstein, Mr., 690 Wood-wool, 598 Xanthosia rotundifolia, 772 YoRasHiuE, Apples and Plums for, 54 Zinnias, 651 Zygopetalum Clayi superbum X , 3;H8 Vlll Tie Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 25", 1889. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Abies bifolia, cone, scale, seed, &c., 173; A. bifolia (? subalpina) in Oregon, 173 ; A. bracteata, 241 ; A. lasiocarpa, garden specimens, 172 ; A. 1., leaves and scales from original specimen, 172; A. subalpina, 174; A. 8., garden specimen, 172 iEsculus sinensis, 717 Agave candelabrum at Kalmouth, 77 ; A. dasylirioides, 805 Amorphophallus campanulatus, 755 ; A. Titanum, 745, 748 Anoiganthus breviflorus, 557 Apple, Ribston Pippin, original tree and present sucker, 212 B Barnahdesia rosea, 301 Botanic Garden, Durban, view in, 113 Broccoli, a branched, 713 Bulb-fields, guardian of the, 400 Bulbs, modes of propagating, 396 Camellia Donckelaari, 429 ; C, Lowe's miniature white, 428 Camellias, types of, 433 Carpet beds, plans for, 598, 631 Castle Ashby, view in the conservatory at, 305 Castelli) di Poggio-Gherardo, near Florence, 497 Catasetum Bungerothi, female flowers of, 461 Cattleya Skinneri, a fine, 685 ; C. Loddigesii, 109 ; C. Harrisoniffi, 108 Chimonanthus fragrans var. grandi- flora, 236 Chrysanthemum lacustre, 589; C. maximum, 585; C. uliginosum, 661 Chrysanthemums, forms of, 48, 49, 53 Covent Garden Market, view of the floral fijte in, 721 Cucumber disease, 364 Cypripedium Curtisi, 629 ; C. Pitcheri- anumx,73 Daffodil disease, 725 Daff'odils, a group of (See Supple- ment, April 13). Datura arhorea (See Supplement, January 19.) Dendrobium nobile at Uyde, 561 Didymium dffidalium on Cucumbers, 364 Disease of Cucumbers, 364 ; of Dafio- dils, 725 ; of Snowdrops, 275 Easton Hall terrace gardens, 177 Embia on Orchid loots, 181 Eucalyptus Staigeriana, 4.37 Feen stems carved, 405 Flower-pot, the Standard, 373 Forest destruction in Michigan, 776 Fruit, a new (Kunzea pomifera), 201 Gaeden of a nobleman in the thir- teenth century, 328 Gerbera Jamesoni, 773 Ginkgo adiantifolia at Kew, 265 ; germination of, 267 Godetia Fairy Queen, 20 H Hanging baskets, 564, 565 Heckfield. views at. (See Supplement, April 27.) Hendre, Monmouth, conservatory at. (See Supplement, March 16 ) Hyacinth bulbs, showing methods of propagation, 396 I Ightham - Mote, Kent. (See Supple- ment, February 2.) " Ivies," Winchmore Hill, garden view at the, 779 Ivy flowers, monstrous. 11 Ixianthes retzioides, 137 Jasmindm nudicaule, 237 Kew Gardens, views in. (See Supple- ment, March 2.) Kohl Rabi, branching, 147 Kunzea pomifera, 201 Label, new, of copper, 307 Lffilia DigbyanaxMossisB, 657 Lathrffia clandestina, 653 Laurel, varieties of, 620, 621 Lonicera fragrantissima, 245 ; L. Stan- dishii, 245 Luton Hoo pleasure-grounds. (See Supplement, May 11.) M Macleania punctata, 633 Mutisia clematis, 501 Naecisshs tazetta grown in a bowl, 469 Odontoolossom luteo-purpureum var. crispata, 233 Orchid roots eaten by embia, 181 Plans for carpet beds, 598, 631 Polyactis galanthina. 275 Poppies, Shirley, 309 Pot, the scientific, 436 Primrose, Chinese, cultivated form reverting, 116 ; foliage, new type of, 117; the old double white, 117; wild form of, 116 Psoralea pinnata, 693 Puccinia Schrccteri, 725 Reichenbach, the late Professor, 625 Rime on trees, 460 Saxe-Gotk,ha, male flowers of, 782 Saxifraga Burseriana major, 333 ; S. ciliata, 365; S. cuscutiformis, 329; S. Maweana, 332; S. media, 329; S. pyrenaica superba, 341 Shortia galacifolia, 397 Skimmia Fortune!, 525 ; S. japonica, 524; S. .i. (fragrans of gardens), 521 ; S. j. (Foreman's var.), 553 Snowdrop disease, 275 Sobralia xantholeuca, 9 Stock, sample of unsuitable, 213 Stocks, roots of various, for fruit trees, 296, 297 Tachiadenus carinatus, 41 Thorpe Perrow, views in the flower- garden at (Supplement, Febru- ary 16), and p. 205 Torreya californica. 800, 801 Tree-measurer, a, 141 Trinity College Gardens, Cambridge, view in. (.See Supplement, June 15.) Turnip, irregular production of shoots in, 149 Papavek la;vigatum, 21 Passiflora Eynesford Gem, 493 Pine-apples at Manchester. (See Supplement, June 1.) Pinus Jefi'reyi, 361 ; P. J., branch and cone, &c., 369 ; P. Sabiniana at Kew, 45 W Wellesley, Mass., view in Mr. Hun- newell's garden at. (See Supple- ment, March 30.) Wilhelrasliijhe, the grand cascade at. (See Supplement, January 5.) LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS. Casibbidge, Thinity College Gakdkns, June 15 Daffodils, Geoup of, April 13 Datdea abboeea in the Gaeden of T. H. Maddsley, Esq., Jan. ly Heckfield, Hants, Views at, April 27 Hkndee, The, Monmodth, Consebvatoev at, March 16 loHTHAiM-MoTE, Kent, February 2 Kew Gaedens, Views in, March 2 LtiTON Hoo, The Pleasehe Ghodnds at. May 11 Pine-apples, Prize Geoup of, shown by Me. Gleeson, June 1 Railway Rates, Peoposed Schedule of, April 20 Thoepe Peerow, Views in the (Jaedens at, February 16 Wellesley, Mass., Gardens of H. H. Hdnnewell, Esq., March 30 Wilhelmshobe, near Cassell, tortatiou of plants into Hainan, useful plants iu , Hardy fruit gar.len Herbaceous border ., plants Ivy flowerj, monstrous ... Kew plants in flower at... Kitchen gardeu Godetia Fairy Queen Ivy flowers, monstrous Fapaver iBevigatum _ . SoOralin xantnoleuca Wilhelmahohe, the Grand Cascade at. (Supplement.) 1? Lilium giganteum seeil ... 20 12 Lycaated 10 Manures to \ iiies 21 20 Market gardeniuj; Itj 22 Metropolitan Gar.len As- soemtiou 11 I« National Chrvsanthemuiu 20 Society ll 10 Novelties ol 183S Obituary — 7 t Eversley, Viscount 23 10 Orchid-house 13 1-2 ,, notes 11 13 Orchids. South African t'O cu.ture of 10 17 Pears 21 31 Peristeria Rossiana 8 Plant notes 22 18 „ portraits 21 «3 Plants and their calture... 12 18 Skimmias IU 21 Useful memoranda 13 21 Variorum 23 11 Veitch, J., & Sons' nursery ISI 21 Weather, the 24 19 VVilhelmshiJhe, Cascade at ATI0N8. in £0 11 21 Aihertisers are gpecially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed fur ad- certisemcnts occupying less space than an entire column. rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J. IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— E. H. LIEBT. "The American Garden." 751. Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. Now ready. In clotb, lis. 6(1. n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J. Vol. IV.. Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1888. W. RICHARDS, 41, WeUington Street. Strand, W.C. ATATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM XN SOCIETY. MID-WINTER EXHIBITION. ROYAl AQUARIUM. WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, January 9 and 10. Cyclamen, Primulas, Solanums, &c. Schedules Iree of WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec., Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney. London. E. Special awards will be made to Miscellaneous Exhibits, especially forced planta. Full of Uaeftil InfonnaUan— No Obarge. BARRS 1889 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as nJOL'STRTES, with a Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BABK AND SON, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. CalceolarlaB. Spotted. HCANNELL AND SONS have now the • nicest young strong Plants, and the most varied and brilliant colours and best strain ever seen. 2s. per doz., 145. per 100; io small pots ready for a shift, 3». per doz. ; 22s. per 100. Swanley, Kent. V TILIUM AURATU M.— -Li THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 25s. per Case ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., and 18s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6(/. and as. 6rf. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. Tbe Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, U., 2s. 6d., and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Qd. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 4':^s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. aud 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from \I3, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. MESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEI\'E CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION. SIDCUP." PRICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60, Castle Street, Long Acre. Vf.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Reference : Londonand County Bank. Telegraphic Address— Adi an tum. London. pHOICE FLOWERS ^^d FRUIT. \j Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES (late Wise & Rides), Fruit and Flower Salaesman, Covent Garden, W.C. EO CLARKE and CO., Wholesale Floists and Commission Salesmen, New Flower Market, aud 3. Conduit Court, Covent Garden, W.C. Consignments of CUT FLOWERS forwarded there are Sold to best advantage, and Highest Market Prices Guaranteed. WANTED, Maiden-hair Ferns, Bouvardias, Roman Hyacinths, Eucharis, Roses. Camellias, aud any other choice Cut Flowers. Best Murket Prices returned weekly. Address S. HILL, Jun., 21, Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, W. ; and Stand 363, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. ANTED, 3000 Seedling BRIERS, 3to4-yr., strong, for grafting.— Send sample and price per 1000, to F. H0D30N, Groveleigh Nurseries, Retford. ANTED, MANETTI and BRIER STOCKS suitable for Budding next Summer. —State price per 1000 to J. DODDS, 47. Oxford Street. Barrow-in Fumess. ANTED, English OAKS, 6 to 8 feet high, clean, well topped, with good roots. State price per 100 to JOHN LAMONT and SON, 2, Hope Street. Edinburgh. ANTED, FRUIT STOCKS, as follows :— French and English Paradise Apples, Common Apples. Common Pears, Quince. Mussel Plnms. Common Plums. Must be strong, transplanted stuff, fit for quartering. Al«o 2 and 3-year old Whinham's Industry Gooseberry, and Carter's Champion Black Currants. State quantity of each sort, and lowest price for cash to HARRISi iN BROS.. Smithfield Market, Manchester. ANTED, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES. —State quantity, with lowest price per ton for cash, toD., Gardeners' CArontc/e, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE GARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANACK, and ADDRESS BOOK for 1689. Tlie moat Complete and Accurate Reference Book for the use of all Interested in Gardens yet published. The Alphabetical Lists of all Branches of the Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to the lOlh of November. The Lists of Gardens and Country Seats (contain- ing over 7900), have been very carefully and extensively revised, and are admitted to be the most complete ever pub- lished. Price Is. ; post-free Is. Zd.—Ol nil Bookseller-*, News- agents, Nurservmen and Seedsmen, or from the Publishing Ofiice, 37. Southampton Street. Covent Garden, London. W.C. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889, — Now ready : price Is., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. TO LARGE PLANTERS of THORN JL QUICKS.— I to li foot, 9s. per 1000, £40 per 100.000 ; IJ to 2 feet, lis. per 1000, £.50 per 100.000; 2 to 2J feet. 13s. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 1.5s. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per lUOO. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. Having Grown ADIANTUM CUNEATUM ELEGANS five years, I have proved its value aaa Cut Frondfor Market. Will put on Rail Plants in 8-inch pots, 7s. lod. each. cash. E. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thamea. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. LEARANCE SALE OF SPRING FLOWERING BULBS. Hyacinths, Daffodils (Narcissi), Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Winter Aconites. Chionodoxa, Scillas, Spanish Irises, early flowering Gladioli. Alliums, Star of Bethlehem, Alstrrcmerias, &c. All in splendid condition, at reduced prices. LIST free on application to BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3. 4, 5, and G feet. ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINU3 AUSTRIACA. 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. ARGE TRAINED PEACHES and NECTARINES, in full bearing, for immediate furnishing of Peach-houses. Particulars on application. DICKSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. 1 1 nn C\(\(\ GARDEN POTS, 3^ in. diam., L^ JL\/Vi|\/V/V/ instock, ready for immediate delivery; carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £.^. Acknowledged by the trade to be the best pots manufactured. Largest Stock and Largest Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants: no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis, 3i. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9d. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb. , 2s. 3rf. In tins. Is. each. S jle Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND C0.(Limited).9,Bun Ring. Birmingham. NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, Is. ^d., 3s., 5s. m. ; Tins 16s. 6rf., 26s., 95s. All See ifmen and Florista. N H R I T E i. Best quality. Horticultval and general purposes. HOCKADAY and CO., Colliery Proprietors, LYDNEl'. THE GAnDENEliH' riJUnyiCLE. (jAxrARV ."., 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next. 15,000 LILIUJI AURATL'.M and other LILIES, just received from Japan in splendid (.'Ondition. MESSRS. PKOTHEKOE and MORRIS will . include the above in their SALE on WEDNESDAY NEXT, January 9. On view morning ol Sale, .and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Kext. LILIUM AURATUJI. splendid Bulbs, just received from Japan; Engli-h-gro«n LILIiiS, Japiuesc lUlS, LILY OK THE VALLEY. SflR.EAS, AZALisAS, and CAMELLIAS, Irom Belgium; STOVIi and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, various Hardy BULBS, ROSES. &c. MESSRS. PROTHERDE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at llicir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 03, Clieapside, London, E.C.. on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January Si and 12, at half-p^at 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalop;ues had. Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E, selected plants, alt undowered. Named C Y F R I P E D I U JI S . MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by :Messr3. Shuttleivorth, Carder & Co. to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cbeapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 11, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a quantity of fine established plants of ODONTOGLOSSU.M ALEXANDR.E of the best type. specially selected for this Sale, and all unflowered in this country: together ivith several named CYPRIPEDIUiMS, imported ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEX4JJDR/E of the best type, ONCIDIUMS in variety, &c. The Sale will also include a quantity of various ESTA- BLISHED and I.Mb'ORTED ORCHIDS, and sii plants of the rare ONCIDIUJl SPLENDIDUM. in (lower and bud. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CYPRIPEDIITM INSIGNE HORSMANIANUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. F. Horhman & Co. to include in their SALE by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. on FRIDAY NEXT, January 11. the WHOLE of tile STOCK of their beautiful new CYPKIPEDIUM, consisting of six plants, CYPRIPEDIUII INSIQNE HORSMANIANUM. together with other new and rare ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Sale by Sample. January 15. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de- sire to announce that iheir NEXT SAJIPLE SALE will take place as above, for which they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Preliminary Notice. THE BARVINS PARK COLLECTION of ORCHIDS.— Unre- served Sale of the whole of this extensive Collection of Established ORCHIDS, by order of the Proprietor, in con- sequence of his leaving the neighbourhood and selling the Estate. The collection iccludes a large number of Odon- toglossum Alexandrte, all unflowered, principally selected from Messrs. Sliuttleworth. Carder & Co.'s importation of the broad-petal PACHO varieties. Seven days' Sale. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS beg to announce that they have been favoured with instruc- tions to SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, at their Rooms, in JANUARY and FEBRUARY, the whole of this extensive COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. Full particulars will appear in due course. Wednesday and Saturday Wext. rirs(>cla3s name.l Pyramid and Dwart-traincil FRUIT TREES, CARNATIONS, I'IC'OTEES, ami other BilKDER PLANTS, in great variety; Ornamental CONIFERS, LAURELS. BERBERIS, aud other SHRUBS; also several hundred lols of First class HYACINTHS, NARCISSUS, SNOWDROPS, CROCUSES, ANE.MONES. RANUNCULI. IXIAS, GLA- DIOLI. LILItlMS, and other DUTCH BULBS, for present planting ; SPIP..EA JAPONICA, LILY OF THE VALLEY, Crowns and Clumps, HELLEBORUS NIGER, Sec. MR. .1. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, m. King Street, CoventGarden,W.C..onWEDNESDAYandS.\TURDAYNEXr, January 9 aud 12, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. . Thursday Next. January 10. 10,000 grand BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM (some in caSM a- receivedl, Liliuni Krameri, L. longilloriim. and other LILIES, just received from Japan in the finest possible condition; 6iiO Lilium Fortunei and 3.50 L. Martagon. purple. Also splendid I'iej-lin Crowns of LILY OF THE VALLEY, LILY OF THE VALLEY Clumps, first class Double South African TUBEROSES and AMARYLLIS. LILIUM HARBISII, &c., AMARYLLIS BELLANDONA, SCILLA PERUVIANA, and a large quantity of DUTCH BULBS for present planting. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 39, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 10, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of S.ile, and Catalogues had. Special Sale of Orchids In Flower and Bud. MR. .1. C. .STEVEN'S begs to announce that his NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, will take jils'-e at his (ireat Rooms, .'is, KingKlrei't. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY, January 17. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen de- sirous of Entering Plants for ll.is Sale, will SEND LIST NOT LAl'ER than THURSDAY NEXT. T?OR IMMEDIATE SALE, an old-established -C NUKSEftY.VIAN'S BUSINESS, situate in firstrolass posi- tion on main ro.nl, in an important western suburb, and comprising G Greenhouses, fitted with Hot water Piping throughout, 2 Boilers, &;. Large Stock. Ready money trade. Taking £300 per annum. Illness sole cause of leaving. Rent very low, and all let off. Price to an immediate purchaser, £Ma, all at. For further particulars and order to view, apply to Messrs. GODDARD AXD CROXFORD, Auctioneers and Estate Agents, Uxbridge Road, Ealing Dean, W. To Market Gardeners. Florists. Nurserymen, &c. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES. IpOR SALE, choice FREEHOLD LAND, in Acre Plots, suitable for above. Rich tiarden Soil with gravel and sand sub-soil. The land isconsidered by the Trade the finest near London for -Grapes and all other MarkeLProducts. Apply, SECRET.ARY, Estates Investment and Villa Farm Company, Estate Office. Tanglcy Park. Hamptonon-Thames. South of England. LARGE GARDEN, 2U Acres, with Twenty Greenhouses and Vineries. £7000 has been spent on the property. Seven years' lease. Two Cottages inclusive. £150 a year. 'ELDRIDGE, Portsmouth. '^rO BE LET, 1 to 10 Acres of GRASS JL LAND, suitable for Nurserymen and otiiers, on Lease, for 7, 14, or 2\ yeirs. Rent from £3 to £12 per Acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freeholil within the fir-it seven yeari^. No Tithe or Land-tax. Near the main road, Enrteld Highway, about 9 miU*3 from London. Apply, H. MOORE, 59. Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. ''PO LET, on Lease, with option of Purchase, X a !arg..- HOUSE, on the South Ooa^t, suitable for good Boarding Hou?;e or Private Hotel; good Gardens and Tennis Lawns; about 8 acres walled in; about 25, Oui) feet of Green- houses, Pits, Mushroom-house, &c., built expressly for growing produce for Market, with Hot-water arrangement complete. Close to a large town and mainline stations. Would suit a practical Gardener, whose Wife could manage domestic arrangements for hoarders. With good management a fortune could be made-— Address, H. G.. 22. Cecil Street, Strand, W.C. ^"0 LET, a SMALL NURSERY, with one X long Pit, 5 Houses. Eleven jears' lea=e. Off High Street, near Railway Station. Apply to Miss STMES, 151, Courthill Road, Lcwisham. S.E. Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed EUSIXESSES to be DISPOSED OF. \TESSRS. rUOTHERDE and MORRIS' ItJL horticultural register contains full parti- oulars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 iind t>8, Cheapside, London, E.G. 0 RCHID S. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received an Importation of ORCHIDS, consisting of many immense masses of LiELIA ANCEPS MORADA. Also a fine lot of L-ELTA AUTUMNALI3, CATTLEYA CFTRINA, &c., &c. Also a specially fine Importation of DENDROBIUM and other East Indian ORCHIDS. Full particulars on appUcntioji. THE VINEYARD AND NURSEBIES, GARSTQN, LIVERPOOL. T R E L A N D and THOMSON'S JL CATALOGUE of Select VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS has now been Posted to all their Cu->'tomors, aiid if not duly received, plea-^e inform them, and another Copy will be sent post-free.— 81. Princes Street. Ediburgh. ILIUMS.— WILLIAM DENMAN offers fine Consignments of auratums. Inncifolium, album, and rubrum. Kract/eii. Ilarrisi, &c. Abo many thousands Spirtpa japonica. Hydrangea pauiculata grandidora. Price per IfiO or lOUO on application.— 7. Catherine Slret^t, Covent Garden, W.O. TTOR DISPOSAL, a good SEED, ELOWER, Jj and FRUIT BUSINESS. Satisfactory reasons. Books shown SEEDSMAN, ■11. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ONION SEED. — In answer to many inquiries respecting Onion Seed, the crop this year was a failure, but we have in stock several wn-ks of White Globe, grown from hirge selected buP 9. crop 1S87, grows 89 per cent, l-'irst-class samples. Also small quantity of Brown Globe. There are no truer or better stocks in England. For price apply MALDEN AND SON, The Square, Biggleswade. Fruit Trees. K(\ AAA PLUMS and DAMSONS, all fine- *)\jnf\r\f\i prown trees— For price apply to ; FLETCHER BROS., Ottershii-w Nurseries, Chertaey, Surrey. II () I 0 E G E R M A N FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALNGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMEB, Seed Grower, Quedliuburg, OermaDy. E C Tlie Best Winter and Spring pABBAGE i3"CHUU DE BURGIILEY;" \J the best SAVOY ii •■ UNIVKKS.VL SAVOY;" the bi'st liROCCOLI is "LATE WHITE VICTDRIA." All honoured with First- i'las.4 Royal Certificates from the Royal UorticuUlirul Society of London. Prices anil Particulars K. GILBERT. High Park, Stamfonl. Lilltun auratum. HURST AND SUN have received direct from Japan, a large consignment of the .above in excellent condition, and will iiuote low prices on application. Seed Warehouse. 152, Houndsditch. London, E. UONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £l to £10 per lOO". J. J. CLAKK, Goldstone Farm. Brighton. pOBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity W Road, Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following ; — SEAKALE, for Forcing. 8s. per 100, 75s. per 1000. ,, for Planting. 5s. per 100, 40.?. per 1000. RHUB\RB. for Forcing. 50s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf), ^s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS, Standards, 75s. per Ititj. DAMSON fFarlei^h). St^mdards. 75s. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, 18.s. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, J to 4 feet, extra fine, 20s. to ZQs. per 100. WILLOWS, Weeping. 8 to 14 feet, Gs. to 12s. per dozen. RIMUL A OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet, 6(/, and l.». Large Trade jiarltcts, 2s. Gd., hs.. Ills. ijrf.. nnd 21s. eacli. Primrose, Old Double Crim- son Pompadour: see coloured plate in the C«)'rfr«, Oct., Isi-H, an. I also Hartland's " Year Book " of Seed:^ for 188!). Magnifi- cent plants, 1.5s. per dozen. Is. (jrf. each. Helianthus plenus, new double quilled or Hartland's "Soleil d'Or," a new plant to English gardens, the flower^i very double, more orange in tone than yellow, and quilled after the manner of a Cactus-Dahlia. As a hardy, herbacious, perpetual blooming pl»nt has few equals. Strong plants for March delivery, 2s. 6rf. each, post- free. See Hartland'9 " Year Book" of Rare Seeds for 18fty. Po?t-frep, l^d; gratis to intending customers. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman. F.R..H.S., Cork. pARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."— V^ We are sending out for the fourth season our true strain of this the grandest White Carnation in cultivation, quite nardy. and for pot culture for cut bloom it has no equal. Robust and free bloomer. £l per 100, lis. for 50, 6.^. forSS, good ronted layers. We have a line stock of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, from Is, to 40s. each. Cash with Order. E COLLINS ANB SONS, Cumberland Park Kursery, Willesden .Tnnction. 170REST TREES.— Alder, 2 to 2^ feet, 16s. |j per 1000; Ash, IJ to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 3feet, lfi5. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; Beech, IJ to 2 feet, \hs. per ICOO ; 2 to 2J feet, 18s. per 1000 ; 2J to 3^ feet, 22s. per lUOO. Spanish Chestnut, Ij to 2J feet, 2l>s. per 1000; Bourtree, 2feet, 25s. per 1000; Elm. 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. English Elm. 4 to 5 feet, 40s. per 1000. Larch, U to 2 feet, 16s. per moo ; 4 to 5 feet, 28s. per 1000. ScotchFir, lito2feet, 12s. p3r 1000; 2 to 2^ feet. 16s. per 1000 ; 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to IJ feet, 10s. per 1000; Ij to 2 feet. 12.S-. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 1000. Silver Fir, 10 to l.'S inches, 18s. per 1000; 1 to Ij foot, 20s. per 1000. Pinus au^triaca, 1 to 1^ foot. 15s. per 1000; IJ to 2 feet. 18s. per 1000. Sloe or Blackthorn, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; Sycamore, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 1000 ; 6 to 7 feet, 6s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserj-man, Stranraer. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. O Splendid stuff of all best kinds, aud true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS B. laNGIIORN, Nurserj-man, Richmond. Surrey. Palms, Healthy, in Quantity. WICETON, Putney, S.W., has a very fine • Slock of the above tooffer in all sixes ; also a few fine extra large fruiting PEACH TREES, &i;. 129 and Lkt. Flower Market Cuvi-nt (iarden, W.C. 100 Herbaceous and Alpine Plants for 26s. RICHARD bMlTlI and CO.'S Selection as above contains a most interesting and valuable assort- ment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Bimler or Rock- work, which produce flowers and render the garden attractive all through the year. Descriptive CATALOGl'E post-fr.-e for 6 stumps.— RICHAIU) SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. To the Trade. ■\'EGETABLE and AGRICULTITRAL SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL l,>|i()TATl()NS for nil the best kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SICEUS grown thisseason from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and tho prices will be found advantageous to purchaser v. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. C'lHRYSANTllEMUMS to and from all parts J of the Globe. By far the best collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyneux nnd C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America ns the best Dc-'criptivo Calalogue. Price 6rf. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Mtdals and 20 First-clnsH Ccrtiticates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition witli Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.- R. OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. Wy'IIOLESALE 8EEU CATALOGUE for VV IKSO.— We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable aiul Flower S^i-ds, containing also nil the he«t Novelties of tho aenj'on. May be h;id on iip])licalion. Any of our cnstoniera nut having received one by post will oblige by U'lting ns know, wlien nnoilier shiill nt onee Ix- po-tlfd. WATKINS AND NIMl'SON. Seed and Bulb Merchant?, Exeter Street. Strnnd, London, W.C. ; Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham, Middlesex. Jancaht 6, 1889.] THE GAEDENEES' CIIEONIGLE, To the Trade. SEED r U T A T O S. HAND F. SHARrE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED POTATOS has boeu seiit out. It comprises lUl the tiuest varieties in cultivation, including several noveUies. The quality is very fine, andtlie prices will be foumi ex- tremely low. Seeil Growing Establishment Wisbech. ''PRKES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and J. Sniokv Districts. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHAKD SMITHamd CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. To the Trade. NUTTING AND SONS' AVholesale CATA- LOGUE of Garden and Flower Seeds for 1889 Ims been posted to all their Customers. If not duly received please in- form them, and another himll be sent. Seed Warehouses, lut;. Southwark Street. London, E.C. HRYSANTHEMUMS.— 600 best sorts, true to name, strong Cuttings now ready, Is.firf. per doz. ,10s. per 100. Many of the best I'rizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. For price of new sorts, see Catalogue {2 stamps), of WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans- combe. Kent. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, Hardy Climbers, Rhododendrons, Conifers, Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees. &c., iu large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JACKMAN AND SON. Woking Nursery, Surrey. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention of Geotlemeu and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS, &c.. which are in fine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also exlra-fine SEAKALE. and RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 miles. C.\T.\LOGUES free on application, and a personal inspection of the stock solicited. To the Trade. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale CATA- • LOGTTE of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1^89 has been forwarded to their customers. If those who have not received it will kindly inform them another one shall be sent. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. 0 BE SOLD CHEAP, about 8000 nice stools of RHUBARB, fit for Forcing, the remaining Stock of the late Mr, Martin. For particulars, &c., apply to T. YOUNG, New Villas. Flodden Rord, Camberwell, S.E. Palms. Foliage Plants. Heaths, &c. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN will be pleased to forward LIST of above with low prices. Leading decorative PALMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond, Surrey; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ARGE SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — Aucuba japonica, 1^ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to SJ leet, 40s. per lUO. Berberis aquifolia, IJ to 2 feet, 125. per lUO ; Box tree, 1*^ to 2 feet, 125. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 205. per 100. Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 3J feet, 105. per 100; Deutzia cre- nata. flore-pleno, strong, 4s. per dozen ; Escallonia macrantha (pots), strong, 245. per 100; Grislinia littoralis, li to 2 feet, 35s. per 100; Honeysuckle (strong), Ss. per 100; Irish Ivy, 4 feet, 65. per 100 ; Laurel, common, 1 J foot. 65. per 100 ; 2 feet, 10*. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 1 to U foot. 12.*. per 100; 2 to 2J feet. 16s. per 100; 3 to 3^ feet, bushy, 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel, 1 to 1^ foot, lbs. per 100 ; 1 J to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticura, 1 to IJfoot, 225. perlOO; 1^ to 2 feet, 305. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet. 3as. per 100 ; 3 feet, oOs. per 100 ; 4 to 4J feet, bushy. 80s. per 100. Abies Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 3os. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. per 100; do., 6 feet, 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3^ feet, 48s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 603 per dozen. Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2i feet, 20s. per 100 ■ 3 to 4 feet, 405. per 100. C. striata, 2 to 2} feet. 40s. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, extra fine, 18s. per dozen. C. erecta viridis, !*■ to 2 feet, 25s. per 100; do., 2 to 2^ feet, 355. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, 1^ to 2 feet, SOs. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet, extra, 40>\ per 100. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inches, 253. per 100; IJto 2 feet. 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per lOO. R. squarrosa, IJ foot, bushy, 305. per 100 ; Thuia Lobbii. l| to 2 feet, 123. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 245. per 100 ; 4 feet, 50s. per 100; 6 feet, ISs. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2^ to 3 feet, Ss. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot, 30s. per 100; 1^ to 2 feet, 12s per dozen ; 2^ to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. GARHES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest iu Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAilENTAL TREES. SHRUBS CA- MELLIAS. ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES. &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! 1 !— The best and cheapest in the World. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s. Purchaser's selection from 400 hest varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres ot Roses. 100.000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTEBS, Rose Grower, Eieter. THE EARLIEST POTATO. SHARPE'S VICTOR. 6d. per Pound. Ready for lifting in eifjht or ten weeks after planting. I lbs. il,-ln-f red free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. Beautiful Spring Flowers obtained by planting BARR'S BEAUTIFUL DAFFODILS in Shrubbery Borders. Woods, Meadows. &c. BEAUTIFUL MIXTURE. 21i. per 1000. 6000 for 84s, For massing in Borders, Naturalising in Woods, &o. BARR'S Beautiful Blue CHIONOUOXA LUCILLE. C. SAR- DENSIS, SOILLA BIFOLIA, and ELWES' GIANT SNOWDROP, in mixture, 2ss. per 1000 ; or 5000 for £5 ss. BARR & SON, 12 and 13, King Street, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. CANNELL & SONS Mrs. O'Reilly. Colamber, linthowen. October \G, 18SS;— •' I wish to say that having tested most of the s.-eds supplied in England and IreJand fur years, I found your supply more generous, the yield better and more certain than the others, and have this year decided on getting all the garden seeds from you. ' MO Olio CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the y^\J*t\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers ot which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 2is. per dozen, strong plants : extra strong plants, repotted into 5§-inch pots, 2s. m. each; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. %d. each. Descriptive LIST onapplication.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. 5iiiiiiiiiriiiNiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiitriirntiiiiiriiinrtinttiiiiriri(iitiiitiiitiiiri!iiiiiiir9 I PLANTING SEASON.) 3 = I HARDILY-GROWN |#OREST, ^fPRUIT = &. ALL OTHER = I TREES X PLANTS, | I Evergreens, Roses, &c. [ I NTJRSKRIKS 400 ACRES. I \Largest & Finest Stocks in Europe. \ = INSPECTION EAKNEfiTLT INVITED. E I Priced Catalogues Gratis 4 Post Free. I I Estimates & all particulars on application. = ^ (Ll>nTEDi, = i Tlie IVni'iieries, I aiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiutiiiiiiiuiiiiitiiiiifiiinMiiiiMitiiiiitiiitiiiiitiiiiriiia XIIE GARDENERS' ROYAL X BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. NOTICE IS HEKERY GIVEN that the ANNUAL OENERAL MEETING of Iho Members of this Insiitutiim will be held at •■ Simpson's," 101, Strand, W.C on WEDNESDAY, 16th inst., for the purpose of receiving the Report of the Committee and the Acconuta of the Inttitution for the present year, and Electing OJlicers for the ensuing year, and also for the Election of Nine Pensioners. The Chair will be taken at 3o'Clock precisely, and the Ballot for Nine Pensioners will Close at fi o'clock precisely. By order, EDWD. ROGER CUTLER, Sec. 60, Parliament Street, London.— Jan. I, 1889. I'.S.— The Voting Papers have all been delivered, any Sub- scriber not having received one, is requested to communicate with the Secretary. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BT A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. "TilCKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM -*~^ SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to bs. per bushel of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of Testi- monials post-free on application. DICKSONS (Limittd). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. EGONIA SEED and TUBERS.— BOX'S varieties are the best, as testified by all purchasers. Both quality and quantity. SEED from late&t novelties of Singles, mixed colours, email packets, lod. ; larger packets, Is. and 2s. 6rf. Collections, 4 separate colours. Is. 6rf. ; 8 ditto. 2s. 6d. Of Doubles, small packets, 10(/. ; larger packet3. Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., and 5s. Collections, 4 aepnrate colours. Is. Hd. ; 8 ditto, including white and yellow, 2s. 6d. ; double orange, very extra, 2s. 6rf. and 6s. per packet. TUBERS, unnamed Singles, to colour superior to named sorts, 12 or more distinct colours, for pots, per dozen, 9s., 12s., 18s., and 2'ls. per dozen ; for bed- ding, 40s. and bOs. per 100 ; mixed colours, 2i:is. per 100. Un- named Doubles, very superior, 6 or more colours, per dczeu, 24s.. y6s., 48s. ; mixed colours, 15s. ; choice, to name, from '24'n. All post-free. Full LIST on application. JOHN R. BOX (for 10 years J. Laing's sole Partner), Seeds- man aud Begonia Grower, Croydon. IF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES J- TRUE TO NAME, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD i.ND CO. TF YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that J- your Local Firms cannot Supply. Write to GEORGE LUNTARD AXD CO. OR FRUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Thousand. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. SEND INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No Starvelings. No BliKht-at GEORGE BUNYARD AND GO'S. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT 1- TREES. 800 Kinds. Six Stamps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock. Gratis. ROSE LIST. CONIFER and SHRUB LISTS. Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. G ■jyTAIDSTONE, KENT. EORGE BUNYARD and CO., POMOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERYMEN, CMALL SHRUBS and CONIFER^.— O Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 100 ; Abiea Douglasii, 1-yr., 4s. per 100 ; A. orientalis, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000 ; American Arbor-vitte, 1^ foot, GOs. per 1000; Sweet Bay, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000; Scarlet Chestnut, 1-yr.. 6s. per 100 ; Cupressus macrocarpa, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000; Lawsoni, 18 inches, 60x. per lOOO ; erecta viridis. 4 inches, 30s. per 1000; do., 1 foot, 12s. per 100; stricta. 1 to 1* foot, 12s. per 100 ; Allumii, 1 foot, 14s. per 100; Cedrus atlantica, l-yr., 1-yr. transplanted, 10s. per 100 ; C. Deodara, 1-yr.. 7s. per 100 ; Escallonia macrantha, pots. Ms. per 100; Laurel (common), 2-yr., 20s. per 1000 ; Por- tugal Laurel, 1-yr. transplanted, 20s. per 1000 ; Colchic Laurel, 1-yr., 25s. per 1000 ; Laurel rotundifolia, 1-yr.. 2bs. per 1000; Limes, 1-yr. transplanted, 16s. per 1000 ; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., extra, 16s. per 1000 ; P. insignis, 1-yr.. 3s. 6d. per 100 ; P. excelsa. 1-yr., 4s. per 100; P. Nordmanniana, 1-yr.. 30s. per 1000; P. Jeffreyii, 1-yr., 8s. per 100 ; P. Mastersiana, 1-yr., 10s. per 100 ; P. Strobus. 2-yr., 2s. per 100; Oak, Evergreen. 1-yr., 30s. per 1000; Scarlet Oak, 1-yr., 3s. per 100; Privet ovalifolium, 8 to 9 inches, 10s. per 1000; Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100; R. squarrosa, 8 to 9 inches, 8s. per 100; do., 1 foot, 12s. per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 8 to 10 inches, 30s. per 1000; do., 15 inches, 45s. per 1000; T. dolobrata, 8 to 9 inches. 80s. per 1000; do., 10 inches, tine, 12s. per 100. T. Ell- wangeriana, 6 to 8 inches, 6s. per 100; Veronica Traveraii, 6 to 8 inches, fine, 6s, per 100; English Yew, 1-yr., 1-yr. trans- planted. 20s. per 1000; do., 8 tc 10 inches, 7s. per 100. Irish Yew, 6 to 9 inches. 10s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jancahy 5, 1880 Trade Price Current 1889. . ,^ PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), WHOLESiLE Seed Gbowehs and Merchakts. Edin- burgh, have posted their ANNUAL CATALOGUE to their Customera; if not delivered, another copy will be posted upon application, CEAKALE for Forcing.— Superior, selected, O large Crowns, 80s. per 1000 ; under 500, 9i-. per 100. A remittance with all orders.— ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower, 14, Lavender Terrace, Battersea. S. W. LARGE LIST Sf CYPRIPEDIUM disposable for the Triide. is sent free on demand by ). PYNAERT. Nurseryman, Ghent, Belgium. SPARAGUS and S E A K A L E . Extra strong roots for immediate forcing. DICKSONS Nurseries, CHESTER. {Limited.) A EI A THE il 5) LORILLARD TOMATO Is by far the earliest, most prolific, finest flavoured, and handsomest variety ever seen. ■yVithout a rival for forcing. Por Sale by the leading London Seedsmen. Scotch Jr/enta — ALEX. CROSS & SONS, Glasgovir. Head-qaarterx — A.D.COWAN&CO., NEWYORK,U.S.A. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limited) . TRADE MARK CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Seed Growers and Merchants, SLEAFORD, Will have much pleasure in sending on application, special quotations for their home-saved stocks of Fa7-m and Garden Seeds. REC,? TRADE MAHK December, 1888. NOW READY, C A R T E R S' ■'^ KKGIStUHlSD TUAUK MARK l">.j TESTED SEEDS Send One Shilling for a Catalogue, and deduct this sum when ordering, Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Wabbants. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. THE DANIELS THE COMING POTATO. A cross between the White IClephant and the Magnum Bonum, having the unexcelled qualities of both. Ready to lift same time as the White Elephant. An immense Cropper and of splendid Table Quality. Price, per Peck, 3s. 6d., per Bush., 12s. 6d. THE DANIELS WON ThTsTlVER CUP. I'ro>iL Mr. W. I!hockwkll, Vliiitluon, February Vitli. " I forward you my list with cheque which I had the honour of winning with your Seed PotatoB, also winning the SILVER CUP with your DANIELS POTATO, and I don't know, in all my experience, that I ever grew a better kind. They are an excellent cropper and a good keeper, and I can't put them out of their place for cooking purposes." From the " GARDK.N'nii.s' Ciihunicle," >^eptembtr int. " THE DANIELS POTATO. — A few weeks ago yon kindly made mention of a Potato calledDANIELS, and how well the variety looked when growing, giving great promise. AVe had a small local exhibition here the other week, and 1 was tempted to dig up my DANIELS. They exceeded my expectations. I staged two dishes, and was awarded two Prizes, in a strong compe- tition with different varieties in Ijoth classes. A friend of mine was present when I took up two roots to be weighed, on one of which we found twenty-one I'otatos, and twenty on the other. On weighing thi? best root it was found to turn the scale at 6 lb., all good, sound tubers, clean and free from scab. After exhibiting at Keigh- ley they were put to the test of being cooked for the table, and were found to be all that could be desired. 1''. (i. Ei'WORTii." A CHANCE OF SEED ALWAYS PAYS. Uefore oideiing your supply send for DANIELS' ILLUSTRATED POTATO CATALOGUE Coiitiiiniitu Viilnable hints on I'otuto Cultvire. Ni'arly 2)"' St-ris in stx'k, includiiif; Lali'at Novelties, Gratis an I i ost-free to nil Applicuiita. DANIELS BROS. SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. T I M E and O T H E R TREES. A^ The following Trees must be sold, to clear the ground :— 330 LIMES, 10 to 13 feet. 625 HORSE CHESTNUTS, 12 to 14 feet. .380 WALNTTS, ti to 12, to 18 feet. 110 SYCAMORES, 6 to 10 feet. Offers for a pirt or the whole to be sent to the MANAGER, Calcot Gardens. Realin', Berks. ROSES-20 ACRES, ■Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60.!. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These Worhl-fmned HOSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; nil the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from Vis. to 86s. per dozen. Descriptioe List free on application, richardImtth & CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. BEFORE ORDERING SEEDS ■\VRITn FOH CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE For 1889, Post-free on appliuatiuii. CHARLES SHARPE & CO. Seed Growers and Merchants, SLEAFORD. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS. lUITTR For Market and Private Growers. ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. Descriptire CATALOGUEH Post-free. I rHEAL&SONS UbM' Crawley, W Sussex. CtlJTbUSH'S MILL- J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to retinirp descrip- tion. Prii'f?, 6s. l)er bushel (\s. extra per burthel for imekiiKe), ur Qd, per cake ; free by parcel iHJst, Is. None genuine unless in seiiled piick- iiKm iimi iirinled cultural dirfclioos enclosed, with otir SI dtimture attached. WM. OUTinrSH AKl> SON 'Lmitoti), NuieerymeQ aid S«ed M Tchactj, Bighgate Nursen«8. N . Jantart 5, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (/>// Boynl Warrant Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen) RErt TO intimatf: that thfir pkscriptivp: triced CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, &C., for 1889, Is nolo rett'ii/, and may be had Free on applicntifm. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Methven's Choice Strain). Wliit'?. Purjile. Scarlet, Crim--oii, ami Snow white, Watl-leaved. Iii Packeta, Is., 2s. 6r/., and 5';. each colour SEED WAREHOUSES : 15, PRINCES STREET, & NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. CHR. LORENZ,SS; [E LARGEST AND OLDEST GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. AU Flower and t'cffetable Seeds are lupphed Fn^t-free, and arrive within 10 dn]j5 after rtceipt of Ordir. y O W READ y, tbe English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundi-ed beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS and POST-FREE, on application. Postage for Letters to Germany. 2^rf. Post Cards, \d. Before i/ou Order SEEDS FOR THE SPRING, READ THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and AmatetiTs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will buy your seeds much ?aper thau from any other firm. chei CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by .Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress of Germany, H.M. the Kinf; of Saxonv. H.M. the King of Bavaria. H.JI. the King of the Netherlands. H.M. the King of Koumnnia. H.M. the King of Serbia. H.R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Anhalt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-f^ee, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. FRIDAY NEXT. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRvE, SELECTED PLANTS, ALL UNFLOWERED. NAMED CYPRIPEDIUMS. MESSRS. PEOTHEEOE and MOERIS are instructed by Messrs. Shuttlewoeth, Carder & Co., to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 11, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a quantity of fine established Plants of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRyE of the best type, specially selected for this Sale, and all unflowered in this country ; together with several named CYPRIPEDIU5IS, imported ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA of the best type, ONCIDILMS in variety, &c. The Sale will also include a quantity of various ESTABLISHED and IJIPORTED ORCHIDS, and six plants of the rare ONCIDIUM SPLENDIDUM, in flower and bud. ORCHIDS AND PALMS s 1' E c r A L T 1 1-: s . The Slork id of such mngnitu.ie thnt, witlioiit scr-jn^j; it. it ia not easy to formiui a, lSS\t.] ■THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. VEITCH'S CHOICE NOVELTIES PROVED EXCELLENCE. ToKcJHAIVI GREEN FAVOURITE. AwiinkHi !i rir^t-t'lusd 'A-rtiliL'iUo. JloViil llurUcuUiinil Society, 1^87, ami tliti vjiriety lieUi iu liiphesL estet-m for [irotit at Cliiswiok, ISSS. The handsomest auii heaviest eroppiiig Tomato. Quality and Iliivour uusiirpassed. Per packet. 23. 6d. ciliV } VEITCH'S SUPERB WHITE. The most perfeot type of Wliite Celery for table use, beinRjt pure white coniiterpart of the well-known Major Clarke's :^oii.i Red. Per packet, Is. 6d. CABBAGE, VEITCH'S EARLIESTOF ALL The earliest and best summer variety, of dwarf, sturdy growth, with medium-sized, gootl-shaped, firm and compact '"^■irt*'- Per packet, is. ONION, VEITCH'S MAIN CROP. The handsomest and heaviest cropping variety for exhi- bition or general use, The bulb is smooth, clean-skinned, and of a beautiful pale s(raw colour. Per packet. Is. STACHYS TUBERIFERA. Awarded a Fir,--t-il:iss CerlitiL\ite, Royal Horticultural Society. Nov. Ui, IS^S. A new, tuberous rooted delicious vegetable, reijuinng only the roost ordinary cultivation. Per 100 tubers, Is. 6d. For full descriptions of the above and other Choice Novelties and Specialties, l^ee SEED CATALOUUE for 1S88. forwarded pos'-freo ou application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W. A Specialty in Peas. 1 SUTTON'S PERFECT GEM PEA, A Superior Second Early Variety. The haulm only attains a height of 18 to 24 inches, and it is almost hidden beneath a crowd of perfectly straight handsome pods well tilled with large peas of very excel- lent flavour. Never in our long experience hare we mtro- duced a New Pea ^vith more certainty of pleasing growers of this favourite vegetable. We anticipate a great future for Sutton's Perfect Gem, and strongly recommend a trial of it in every garden. Per Pint, 2s. 6d. "Fully podded from top to bottom. Medium-sized poda, but large preeu peas which are surely the sweetest and most tender I ever tasted. Colour perfect."— Mr. R. Gil- bert, The Gardeiis, Burghleij House. "Very dwarf, early, and productive. The pods were the largest I have yet seen on a dwarf growing variety, and these are well tilled with large, tender, and sweet peas."— Mr. W. IGGULDEX, The Gardens, Manton. The Best FirTilbltlon Peas. Per qrt.—s. SUTTON'S IIOYAL JUBrLEE PEA 5 SUTTON'S Dwarf MAMilOTH M.\RROWFAT PEA 5 surroN's matchless marrowfat pea ... 5 d. 0 0 0 SUTTON'S Seeds GENUINE OMLY FROMSUTTONISONS.READING. Gcodi value 20i. carriage free. B.S.WI1LIAMS NFH'- and CHOICE rEGETABLE SEEDS, ■■o.ft-free 3^rf. (/'. lilCSAIWS, 41, WelUiiyton Street, Strand London, W.C. Now ready. In cloth, 11b. 6d. HE GARDENEItS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV,. Third SiTics. Jl:LV to DEC, 18R8. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1889. NOVELTIES OF 1888. 'T^HE past season has been more than usually -*- prolific in new acquisitions for our gardens ; but we must remember that many of what are termed novelties by the grower are old friends to the botanist, and that the term new for brevity's sake is often used when speaking of plants which have been extremely rare in gardens, but which now appear sufficiently within the range of the pocket of the ordinary purchaser. It is often justly applied to a plant which has been in- troduced some time, but which from want of proper knowledge of its culture did not appear of sufficient merit to warrant general recogni- tion, although when properly grown it proves of excellent merit. During the past year the pro- ducts of the importer have been plentiful and good, and the hybridist has been not a whit behind in bringing forth good things. In both branches the Orchids decidedly have the advan- tage, and with them we mil begin a hurried review of the past year's acquisitions and re- introductions. Orchids. Probably the one which has made the best mark is the noble and distinct Cypripedium bellatuluiu of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., which gives us a good example of a grand novelty well imported, for it came over in such good condition that the plants immediately produced their flowers, and it was in consequence one of the most certificated plants of the season, Messrs. Low, Cypher, Laing, and Williams receiving certifi- cates for it, either at the Royal Horticultural Society or the Royal Botanic Society or both ; Messrs. Lo\f also received the same honours for C. b. roseum, and produci-d another beauty, C. b. egregium. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. among their new Orchids number other good introductions, fore- most of which is Vanda .\mesiana, a most 8 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jAxrABV 5, \9m. distinct and floriferous species, with rose and crimson flowers, equal in beauty to and something like Phalfenopsis Lowii. Their Phaljenopsis gloriosa, too, is distinct, and one of the purest of white Phalfenopsis. Their Cattleya Mossife claptoniensis and C. M. Frithii, are the two best Mossises. Cynosorchis Lowii and C. elegans are two pretty warm-house terrestrials, and their novelties in Angrsecums, among which may be noted Aeranthus Curnowianus and A. ophioplec- tron are worthy introductions. The great firm of James Veitch & Sons, from their rich store of hybrids under Mr. John Seden's care, have daring the past year exhibited some splendid novelties, which those who know the collection only take as a sample of the rich and lovely plants with which our gardens are to be embellished by this indefatigable firm. Among other fine hybrids which have appeared at Chelsea, and some of which have been certificated to other exhibitors, may be mentioned that inter- esting hybrid Angnloa, A. intermedia, and the first hybrid Epidendrum, E. O'Brienianum, a cross between E. radioans and E. evectum, which ob- tained a First-class Certificate at the Royal Hor- ticultural Society, and a Floral Certificate at the Royal Botanic Society. Its flowers are de- cidedly novel and of a pleasing shade of reddish- cerise. Messrs. Veitch also flowered from their seedlings last year two very lovely hybrid Pha- Irenopsis, P. John Seden X (Luddemanniana and amabilis), and P. F. L. Amesx, both superb garden plants ; and Messrs. Veitch also with Mr. Crook, gardener to Mr. Baxter, received a First- class Certificate for Oncidium Mantinii, a pre- sumed natural hybrid from 0. Forbesii. Baron H. Schroder, in consequence of his tact in always selecting the best plants of the best things, generally supplies the Floral Committees with things of special merit, and the list of First- class Certificates awarded to plants brought by Mr. Ballantine, the Baron's gardener tells of many of the best merited awards of the season ; among them appear Lselia Amesi- ana X , L. porphyrites, L. Victoria x , L. anceps SchroderiB, Aerides Fieldingii alba, Cattleya Wagneri superba, the finest white Cattleya ; C. Harrisii X, and C. Lamberhurst hybrid X, the last-named a most extraordinary cross between C. citrina and U. intermedia, raised by the late Dr. Harris, whose seedlings have now passed into the hands of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Sir Trevor Lawrence, the President of the Royal Horticultural Society, has, as usual, brought into notice some of the best plants of the season, perhaps the most extraordinary of which is the Lissochilus gigantea of the Linden firm ; Odontoglossum pardalinum, a beautiful spotted Odontoglot, and O. eicellens chrysome- lanum; the two hybrid Dendrobium Findlaya- num, of which D. chrysodiscus X is the best known ; and some superb hybrid Galanthes are among the novelties of the Burford collection, while Spathoglottis aurea (Kimballiana) has been exceptionally well flowered there. In the Woodlands collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., two magnificent white Orchids were recorded during 1888, both Sanderian produc- tions, viz., L. Perrinii alba, the first really pure white Perrinii, and Cattleya Gaskelliana alba ; the splendid collection of Laelia elegans, too, of the Turnerii type, have produced several grand novelties. Ambng other things in Orchids of extra merit must be mentioned the superb Lselia pur- purata Whitei (White, Ardarroch), L. p. Lowii, the darkest purpurata ; L. p. Archduchess, andL. p. nobilior (both from Mr. Cypher) ; Saccolabium coeleste and Oncidium nndulatum, both before exhibited, but last year certificated to Mr. B. S. Williams, the former at the Royal Horticultural Society, and the latter at the Royal Botanic Society ; as also were the pretty white Oncidium ornithorhynchum album, the novel Odontoglos- sum Rossii " F. L. Ames ;" and Botanical Certifi- cate for the neat scarlet Lielia monophylla ; Laelia Tresederiana X, a grand cross between Lselia erispa and Cattleya Loddigesii, flowered by Heath of Cheltenham ; and Cypripedium insigne Tresederianum, which blossomed so well with M. Aug. Van Geert. at Ghent last year. Nor must we forget that real acquisition, Lfelia Gouldiana, which flowered so finely with Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley in New York, the land of our American cousins, who have taken up Orchid culture with that intelligent zest with which they enter on most things when once they start. The plant, which is now in flower in many collections here, has flowers equal to those of L. furpuracea, habit of L. autumnalis, and proves both good and distinct. Mr. William Bull has to be credited with the introduction of five really good novelties in Orchids, viz., Esmeralda bella, Laelia anceps radians, Cattleya Percivaliana bella, Cypripe- dium ohelseiense X , and C Tautzianum lepidum, all of which are described in the columns of the Gardeners' Chronicle ; and on May 8, 1888, at the Royal Horticultural Society, J. T. Poe, of River- ston, Nenagh, by unanimous vote, was accorded a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum Pesca- torei, Poe's variety, a most lovely purple-spotted flower of great size and beauty. And now we come to the productions of that energetic firm, F. Sander & Co., who draw their stock from the uttermost parts of the earth, and again spread it to all quarters where civilisation and gardening run concurrent. The two last productions of this firm, both dedicated to American growers, must be considered their best of the year, viz,, Lselia anceps Amesiana (Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 660, Dec. 8, 1888), a charming plant, with white flowers, exquisitely marked with rose on the petals, rich orange-purple, and an indescribably rich violet-crimson or ma- roon on the lip ; and Cypripedium Elliottianum, a wonderful species in the way of the new C. Rothschildianum of the same firm. Their Lfelia Eyermaniana also is a neat novelty, of which more will be known next season ; and for chaste beauty Cypripedium insigne Sanderas, with its clear yellow flowers, will never be crowded out of a class which has already become very numerous. Messrs. Sander during the past year have also received certificates for Angra^cum Sanderiauum, Odontoglossum Coradinei hemileucum, 0. corda- tum splendens, Phalfenopsis sumatrana Kimbal- liana, Lyoaste Skinneri Imperator, and the fine white Coelogyne Sanderiana received the same recognition when exhibited by Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild at the Royal Horticultural Society on July 10. Cypripedium Godseff- ianum X, between C. Boxalli and C. hirsu- tissimum, is a fine variety, as its parent- age indicates, and many other hybrid Cypri- pediums have been recorded last year, all of which would be better noticed after their value as florists' flowers has been determined, for the indiscriminate crossing of this genus in all directions will soon render weeding out desirable. During 1888 it is pleasant to record that that curious, neat, and pretty plant, Schomburgkia Thomsoniana, which caused so much attention at the great Liverpool Show, has been received in fair quantity by the Liverpool Horticultural Company, and that the importation of Cattleya aurea of Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., yielded a fine new form, C. a. marmorata, which flowered in Lord Rothschild's gardens. The subject of acquisitions in Orchids in 1888 must not be dismissed without noting the revival of the Cape terrestrials induced by the flowering of the fine Disa racemosa, and some of the blue- flowered species, D. lacera — a taste which the new work on The Orchids of the Cape Peninsula, by Mr. Harry Bolus, and recently alluded to in our columns, will much assist in developing. For the best of the other plant novelties of 1888 a note will appear in the next issue, but it will doubtless be of assistance to give here references to some of the new Orchids above alluded to, which have been illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle. : — Cypripedium bellatulum, June 16, p. 747. ,, Elliottianum, Nov. 10, p. 556. Disa lacera var. multifida, December 8, p. 664. „ racemosa, Jlay 12. p. 593. Epidendrum O'Brienianum, with parents, June 23, p. 771. Lielia Eyermaniana, July 28, p. 109. „ elegans Nyleptha, (Supplement), Feb. 11. Lissochilus giganteus. May 19, p. 617. Phalsenopsis x, F. L.Ames, Feb. 18, p. 201. „ X, John Seden, March 17, p. 332. Spathoglottis aurea, July 28, p. 93. CTo be continued.) SOBRALIA XANTHOLEUCA. This is one of the most beautiful of a genus rendered familiar to ue by the fine old Sobralia macrantha, which is the only species well known in, gardens generally, and whose fine rosy-erimsOE" Cattleya-like flowers, borne on tall, reed-like stems, have made such a fine feature in so many Orchid groups at flower shows. The rare species which we here illustrate (fig. 1), from a photograph kindly sent by T. Harcourt Powell, Esq., Drinkstone Park, Bury St. Edmunds — the posses- sor of the plant, has clear yellow flowers, but the growth of the plant is so much like that of the old Sobralia macrantha, above alluded to, that more than one of the few plants of it in cultivation were purchased uaflowered as belonging to that species. A fine spe- cimen flowered some years ago in the collection of the late Robert Hanbury, Esq., Poles, Ware, and also with Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son, and a grand plant of it some 3 feel through, annually produces its wealth of golden bloom in Baron Schroder's famed collection at The Dell, Eghara. In the matter of culture all the Sobralias require potting in rough fibrous peat, turfy loam, and sphagnum moss, and keeping in a well-ventilated intermediate-house with plenty of water, while their reed-like stems and until the buds are well formed When the buds begin to expand the flowers are found to last much longer if the plants are removed to a drier and more airy house — a conservatory, greenhouse, or cool fruit-house— and at the same time they are benefited by the change, and need not be returned to the Orchid-house until the growing time comes round again. During flowering, and for some time after, a smaller supply of water should be given, but the plants should not be absolutely dried ofl'. Sobralia rosea, S. Cattleyje, S. lencoxantha, S. liliastium, and others, are very beautiful plants, but as they are diflicult to import they are not common. New or Noteworthy Plants. » PERISTERIA ROSSIANA, Hchb,/., n. sp* This is a very distinct Periateria, a neighbour of Peristeria pendula, that well-known plant that seldom flowers, and which I only saw once in my life in its full development, Baron von Schroder having kindly sent me an inflorescence with more than twenty large flowers. This specimen is kept in the very best state without an atom of moisture. I feel proud to show this ornament of my herbarium to my visitors. The new Peristeria was received by me on November 17, 1888, from Commandatore H. J, Koss, Castagnolo a Lastra a Signa, between Firenze and * Perisfcria Roisiann ,n. sp. — Aff. reristoriir pcnduIiP, Hook, trabecula inter lamellais juxta laciuias labelli posticas teuu, humili, medio unidentjite. epichilio .paiidurato carini* geminis extrorsum arcuaCis ; columna utrinque apics minuto apiculatii nee proc^Sfiubus triangulo-ligulntis ornatiei. Imp exc. H. J. Ro9!ii, cui gratissime et Obedientissime dirata. /f. G. Rehb.f. Jakoaby 5, 1880.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. risa, and was most kindly supplemented by a very healthy living plant. The bulb is us long as, and shaped like, a good hen's egg, most obscurely two-edged, shining, green, reminding one of Schweinfurth green. The leaves, which are still young, appear not to be distinct from tiiose of Peristeria pendula. The raceme had five flowers, equal to those of the just-named species. They have the same sepals and petals, only the reddish spots on light ochre ground are confined to their anterior great triangular processes which are so peculiar to Sir William Hooker's Peristeria pendula. I have had great pleasure in dedicating this plant to my in- defatigable correspondent, who is decidedly the most gallant pioneer for Orchids in hclla Italia, I have no satisfaction at all in adding that there is a fabulous undescribed Peristeria in my her- barium. I received two flowers (no inflorescence) of a totally distinct and most curious Peristeria from an unknown correspondent, who was in such a hurry with a broad white border, very broad at the top ; atid the remaining portions of the inner disc and base are preen. The darker nerves have numerous brown blotches on their back, some very distant, others separated by the shortest intervals. Connate sepals oblong triangular, acute, light green, shorter than the lip. Petals greenish-yellow at the very base, light copper-brown elsewhere, covered with numerous fine dark spots on the inferior 2-f)ths ; the free edge of the lip on each side of the mouth ends in very Fig. 1. — soBHALiA xantholeuca: flowees pale yellow, (see p. 8.) parts. The Up and the column are the differential parts. The lateral wings of the lip have callous nearly adnate blades inside ; these are connected by a very thick strong transverse bar in Peristeria pendula, while the corresponding bar in Peristeria Rossiana is quite thin, much lower, and with a median apiculus. The movable mid-blade of the lip is pandurate, curved at the blunt apex, and it has two strong keels, crescent shaped, each having the concave edge looking outside (one as the crescent, the other as the decrescent moon). The trigonous column has a very obscure apiculus on ■each side near the fovea, but no indication of those to despatch his treasure to me that his box con- tained neither the name nor the address of the sender. Perhaps he thinks me very uncivil for not having answered him. H. G, Rchb.f. CvPniPEDlCM CrOSSIANUM X PSITTACINUM, n. hyh. Angl. This was raised at Messrs, F. Sander & Co.'s from Cypripedium insigne Maulei and C. venustum spec- tabile. It is very pretty. The flower is like that of the fine Crossii amandum (Amandum), but the leaf is peculiar, and the staminode most distinct. The large upper sepal is cuneate, elliptical acute, projecting, acute, recurved horns (on the angles of the pouch), ochre-coloured, light brown around^and under the mouth. Staminode fine yellow, with two large angular introse shanks in front, and an evanescent small tooth on the retuse middle. Leaf strong, very glossy, darkest green, without the least trace of those hieroglyphical signs which are so conspicuous in the type and in the fine variety raised by Mr. Bowring and sent by Mr. "W. Bull. Cypripedium Crossianum amandum, published under the name amandum. The leaves at hand are very short, 6 inches long, scarcely more than \ inch broad. Zf. G^Hchb,/, 10 THE GAnDEKEnS' CUnONlGLE. .lAXl-ARV O, lf8'. CULTURE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ORCHIDS. LissocHiLDS. — These, which in point of beauty have not inaptly been described as the Cattleyas of South Africa, are 'among the worst cultivated of any plants in our gardens at present — mainly, I think, from a misunderstanding as to their management in times of growth and rest. I refer especially to the chain- t'lbered underground species, the few with Phaius- like growtli hke L. Krebsii, being much easier to manage when simply grown in a shady cold house or frame. The turning-point of success with the whole of theso South African Orchids, and indeed with all others, consists in so managing them that they aocom])Iish their year's growth in twelve months- no more and no less— and that the temperature, watering, and other matters, should be so arranged that tlie work of growth or rest of each season should be accomplished without the one encroaching on the other. The handsomest of the Lissochili come from low levels, where they grow on the banks of rivers or near bv, and in some cases down to, the sea-shore, in pure sand. I note that the greater part of the Lissochili imported show among their roots evidence of their having grown among very sandy soil, some- times resembling sandy vegetable deposit and sometimes very much like road grit, and that there 13 rarely any trace of fibre about the soil around them. Following up this clue I potted them in fibreless material— sandy peat, sandy decayed leaves, S;c. — lightly covering the roots over, and keeping them dry until they showed evidence of growing. I found them succeed far better than they did when I potted them like Disas, and in the same manner as i>eople generally pot them and as often fail. The end of the summer and winter is the growing time, and there is some difference in the time at which the different species start growth, but in all cases it is safe to wait for indication of growth before giving water. When growing the Lissochili do not require watering heavily, and after the growths are finished and approaching rest, exhibited by the turning yellow of the leaves, but very little water, or none at all, should be given, the plants being treated in much the same manner as the scarlet Nerine Fothergilli, before cited as an example for deciduous Cape Orchid culture. From the time the growth com- mences, and throughout the winter, the Lissochili will thrive well in a temperature of 60° or so, if placed in a good light situation in a house where the air is not heavily charged with moisture, and during the season of rest a shelf in the New Holland hiuse or an airy cold frame suits them admirably. Examples of the species above alluded to are Lissochilus speciosus, L. arenarius, L. Sanderson!!, and with them may be associated Bulophia enseta, E. Dregeana, and others of like growth having underground tnbers. Eulophia with some botanists is joined to and placed in precedence to Lisso- chilus. Above all things it should be considered that a rather dry pure air is necessary to Cape terrestrial Orchids, and in such they keep healthy under many reverses, but in a close moist house their run is short; indeed, they would thrive better with Cacti and other succulents than in the ordinary Orchid- house, but as there is now a decided revival in favour of these beautiful Cape Orchids and bulbs there is no reason why quarters should not be arranged for them by those who take them up. Disperis, Holothrix, Iluttonroa, Bartholina and other of the small growing Cape terrestrials, generally speaking, fare even worse than their grosser brethren in gardens, where so great a hold has fibry peat and sphagnum for (.)rchids got on the grower's mind, that most things have to take it in some form. These frail and beautiful species prefer rather fibreless material, something like a fine vegetable mould with a good proportion of sand added, just of that fiuality one would expect to find in the crevices of rocks, or at the base of trees where these things grow, is best for them; and in potting, which should be done carefully just after flowering, the tubers should be placed their own thickness belowthe surface and the soil but lightly placed on them and allowed to settle as they grow. During the growing time water should be given, as to a Heath or other shrubby plant, and when they die down but little is required. So managed outdoors in summer, and on a shelf in a coM house in winter, I have well flowered some of each of these genera except Ilut- tonaja, which is uow in bud (if it prove true) for the first time. For Habenarias and the stouter rooted species with clustered tubers, loam-fibre, with sand and fine peat added, is the best material for potting; and in the future, when we have gone more thoroughly into the culture of Cape Orchids, I believe that fibry yellow loam and thoroughly decayed leaves and sand will play an important part. Jam^s O'Brien. [For Satyrium and Disa culture see Gardeners' Chronicle for December 15 last, pp. 603, 696. Ed.] FIGS IN THE OPEN AIR IN THE EAST OF ENGLAND. Some of the finest flavoured Figs and the most fruitful Fig trees that I have ever met with in the open air have been in East Anglia. The dry and frequently semi-arid climate, and probably also the saline constituents of the atmosphere, seem to suit the Fig. In regard to the latter, it does not seem to be generally known that the Fig is one of the limited number of trees that thrive well by the sea. Only last summer, cool a summer as it was, very good Figs were ripened within touch of the sea-spray on the east coast, alike on standards, walls, and fences. The chief conditions of success in Fig culture in the open are a dry base, firm soil, and natural treat- ment. Without a dry bottom success in the open air is almost impossible; and this is the rock upon which not a few of those only or chiefly conversant with the culture of the Fig under glass, split. With abundance of heat at command, the Fig during its growing and fruiting stages may almost be treated as a semi-aquatic. Its rapid growth, and its spread- ing and copiously perspiring or elaborating leaves, enable it to utilise or dissipate enormous quan- tities of water ; but in the open air there is little or no fire — that is, heat or motive, or water- using power in the grate, so that as the atmo- sphere is full of moisture, the plant and its work- shop or food wareliouse gets water-logged. Nor is this all. Any excess of water still further lowers the temperature, chills the activity, and paralyses the functions of life and growth. A dry base means a warm one, and for such a gross-growing plant as the Fig drought and heat are the two essential conditions of healthy growth and full fertility. The next essential is poor calcareous soil. Poverty is the first point, though chalk seems also important. But better, poor sand, hungry gravel, mere brickbats, mortar rubbish, or hard roadway, than root-runs of fat black vegetable mould or brown loam, enriched with further additions of stable-yard or other stimulating manure. These may force Fig shoots like walking-sticks or fishing-rods, but not those firm short branches from 3 to 9 inches long, studded with from three to seven embryo figlets apiece. No ; such fruitful form can only be forced home on our Figs in the open air in England under the constant threat of starvation. Like many another amongst us, the Fig in the open air has to lose to win; it loses full meals of food, to be clothed with fertility; and the latter, under this starving rnjinu'n, may be trusted to reproduce itself. That is, how- ever, if the Fig has its own way, or, in other words, is subjected to natur.al treatment. The genius has not arisen who could do justice in thrilling poetry or telling prose to the miseries of the Fig tree: in the open air in our climate, and the tortures it lias been subjected to in our frantic efforts to cram, cut, and coddle it into health and fertility. The first two are correlative, if not absolutely cause and effect. The more freely they wore crammed, the more savagely they were cut — and so on, and oa (or ever. And the coddling also became the more inoperative, as the product of cramming and cutting was tenderness, such as could by no possibility face our cold without covering. And so tliesc threefold processes repeated themselves with cast-iron regu- larity, the only thing always lacking being edible or luscious Figs. At last aridity of base and sterility of root-run were called in to arrest grossness of growth, and the pruning-knives were left to sleep in their cases. There was so little wood made that it seemed a folly to prune off any. Still the codd- ling and covering went on, with the result of so weakening the embryo fruit and the wood that the fruit too often dropped, and the wood got hardly hit by the late spring frost, when the covering was at last removed. Finally the coddling system was abandoned, and now that the natural system ofproduc- ing only sutlicient wood for fruit-growing purposes, and seeing to it that such wood is sufficiently matured to bear our ordinary winters with impunity, have been adopted, luscious Figs in the open air in East Anglia, and in other favourable localities in the open air, are almost as common or— as our climate has run of late years — are even more constant than Peaches. B, T. FL^k. Cultural Memoranda. THE GLOXINIA. Of this a stock is easily raised from seed, taking the precaution to get a good strain. Sow it in well- crocked shallow pans filled with light sandy mould, made moderately firm before sowing the seed. The latter should be lightly covered with fine mould, watered through a fine rose, covered with a square of glass and a little moss, and then placed in heat. As soon as the seedlings appear the covering must be removed, and the pan, if not already in such a position, should be placed near to the roof-glass, so as to insure sturdy growth. When large enough, prick out into a shallow box or pan filled with a mixture of three parts light sandy loam and one of leaf- mould, at 2 inches apart, water, and return to heat, afterwards potting off singly into 3-inch pots before the plants touch each other, making the soil pretty firm in potting ; return once more to a moist warm stove or pit, giving a little water to settle the soil. The plant may also be propagated in summer by inserting the leaves in cutting-pots, watered, and jilaced in heat. DocBLE Petunias. Cuttings put in now in the usual way, placed in heat and watered, will soon become rooted ; they should then be potted off singly into 3-inch jiota using the same description of mould as recoinmended for Gloxinias ; afterwards attending to the giving of water at the roots, pinching and tying out Die shoots in due time; they will make nice useful flowering plants by next summer. H. W. Ward. BonOATNVILLE,\ GT,AHU.\. When in perfect health, trained to the roof, and densely covered with its rosy or pale mauve bracts o flowers, few plants liave a more striking ctTect than this Brazilian climber. Unlike many other things, its season is not of short duration, but it keeps np a beautiful appear.ance for several weeks during the summer, if not subjected to'too high and raoi^t a temperature; a warm greenhouse is probably most suitable to its culture, although I have often met with specimen plants growing in the stove, and alFO fairly satisfiictorily in a much cooler structure. In pots, too, for exhibition purposes, when trained over a balloon trellis and well flowered, it is always admired. The Bougainvillea thrives nduiinihly in a compost of light fibrous loam, old lime rubble, with a good sprinkling of coarse gritty sand and a fi'W Iialf-inch bones; audit succeeds equally well for a time in a mixture of loam, peat (rough), sand and cliarcoal ; but for borders, on account of its lasting power, I ])refer the first mixture. When grown either for covering a back wall or training to the roof it should be planted out in a border about JanCahV 1880.] THE GAIiDENERS' CHRONICLE. u 3 feet wide and 2 feet deep, well made, and thorouglil y drained. Previous to filling the border it is de- sirable that the drainaj^e should be covered over with turves grassy sides downwards, as a safe- guard against the drainage becoming choked up with the loose soil. AVhen filling up tlie border witli the compost it should be made firm, which to a considerable extent prevents the plant from making too gross a growth at first, and for a time after putting out the plant careful attention is needful with regard to watering. But as soon as the border has got well filled with roots an abundance of water is rei[uisite, with liijuid manure or other stimulants, every third time throughout the growing and flowering season. I incline to think in some cases where this plant fails to produce an abundant crop of flowers it is partly owing to the want of close pruning. We have here an old plant growing on the north side of a house, trained to the roof in an intermediate temperature, and it yearly produces masses of bloom. We always prune very close to the old wood, in a great many instances leaving only one eye, and in the early part of the growing se.ison I make it a rule to rub off many of the young growths. The drying-off system we do not practise to the extreme, keeping the roots in a moderately moist condition throughout the winter about the same as is the case with vines. Young plants are quickly reared from cuttings if taken off when a couple of inches long, and with a small portion of the old wood attached to them. The cuttings should be inserted by the sides of the pot in a light sandy compost, surface-dressed with sand alone, and placed in a striking frame, or in the stove with a bell-glass over them. When rooted they should be at once potted off, and subsequently repotted, whenever necessary, using a lighter soil to that previously recommended for making up of the border -in fact, till the plants have grown to a good size, and in a fit state to be transferred to their per- manent position. H, Markham, Mercworth Castle Gardens, MaidsfoJic. IVY FLOWERS. Some time since Mr. Archer Briggs obligingly sent us some specimens of Ivy flowers which he had collected near Plymouth, and which presented some curious malformations. These were quite unlike anything we had seen before in the Ivy. Under ordi- nary circumstances an Ivy flower is made up of five minute sepals, which soon fall off or wither, then comes a corolla of five greenish petals, greatly re- sembling those of the Vine, followed by an equal number of stamens springing from the base of a thick disc, which overlies the ovary, which latter has a single style, but five compartments, each with a single ovule. The seed consists of an albumen, which has the character known as rumi- nate— that is to say, folds of the investing mem- brane are thrust inwards, dividing the albumen into irregular lobes. On the whole, the structure of the Ivy flower is very similar to that of the Vine — a resemblance strengthened by the cir- cumstance that the Ivy, like the Vine, has often unisexual flowers, or if both stamens and pistils be present, they have comparatively little reciprocal action, but the pollen of one flower has to be transferred to the stigma of another, and vice versa, in order that the most complete degree of fertilisa- tion may be effected. In Mr. Briggs' specimen the disc — that is to say, the upper part of the ovary— formed, not a closed cavity, but a thick fleshy cup, on the margin of which were the anthers recurved over the free edge, the ovules being absent. Through the centre of the cup passed in some cases a short stalk-like process, while in otiiers that stalk or prolongation of the axis bore a ring of five stamens around the base of an imperfect ovary (median proliflcation). Mr. Henslow, from an examination of the courf^e of the vascular bundles, considers the cup bearing the adventitious stamens to be ovarian in i ts character. It is indeed very probable that the disc is really a part of the ovary — a point which may be decided by an investigation of the mode of development of the flowers. In any case the occurrence is very singular. The illustration (fig. "2) shows in the upper right hand corner a lluwer seen from the top, beneath it is a view of a flower from the side. A vertical section of the bud is shown in the upper left-hand corner with the small triangular sepals, the valvate petals, and the stamen-bearing disc, parts which are also shown in the section at the lower part of the cut, as seen in the expanded flower. The adventitious stalk with stamens and imperfect ovary detached from the centre of one of the flowers is also shown to the left in the centre of the cut. M. T. M. Orchid Notes and Gleanings, L Y C A S T E S . These Orchids are amongst the easiest of all to grow, and as none give a better return for the care Fig. 2.— monstrous ivy flowitrs: stamixodv uf Tiir; PISTIL, I'ROLIFI CATION, KTC. (SEE TEXT.) bestowed on them they are very suitable for beginners in Orchid culture. The conditions under which they thrive may be given in any greenhouse where the temperature does not fall below 48° in winter, and where a moist atmosphere can be maintained in summer. The most recent classification has con- siderably extended the limits of the genus, so as to include Paphinia and Colax, which, do not prove so amenable to cultivation as Lycastes proper, and which for garden purposes are quite distinct. If the flowers be kept dry they are remarkably lasting, even for Orchids, and this, together with their hardy nature, makes them very valuable for room decoration. The plants should be grown in pots and a position at the cooler part of an intermediate-house is the best suited for them ; they may, however, be also grown in a cool house. Imported pieces do best when potted in fibrous peat and sphagnum alone, but at the second potting, when they are well estab- lished, a small proportion of loam fibre may be added. The pots must be drained to at least one- third of their depth, for when the plants are growing they need copious supplies of water. Occasional applications of weak manure-water add vigour and colour to the growths. In winter, of course, the soil should be kept much drier, but it is not well at any time to allow the roots to become quite dry. Of about a dozen species which I liave grown tlie following are the best:— L. nromatica, a free-flower- ing kind, well wortii growing because of the aromatic fragrance of its flowers, which are produced in June and July. They are of a jtretty golden-yellow, the o-lobed lip being hairy, and marked on the inner side with orange-coloured spots. L. Depjiei is an old, although neglected species, wlilcli blooms in July and August; its handsome, if rather peculiarly-coloured flowers are 4 inches across. The sepals are green, dotted in transverse lines with brownish purple ; the petals are pure white, and the lip is yellow, dotted with crimson. L. Skiuneri is too well known to need describing. Its flowers are somewhat stift' in appearance, but for general good qualities few Orchids take a higher place. A single pseudobulb will develop as many as sixteen flowers at once, these averaging 5 inches in diameter. The species is very variable in colour; while in the typical form, the sepals and petals are white tinted with rose, there is a variety (alba) in which they are pure white, and another (nigro-rubra) where they are respectively deep mauve and purple. L. plana is a strong-growing kind, with flowers nearly 4 inches across. The sepals and petals are madder-red, and the petals and lip are white, the latter being dotted with crimson. L. tricolor is a rare species, but it is one of the prettiest. It is not mentioned either in the Lictionaty of Gardening or in Williams' Orchid Manual. It has pseudobulbs about 2 inches high and deep green, lanceolate leaves. As in the other species, the flowers are freely produced from the base of the jjseudobulbs. They are 3 inches across, with the sepals of a pale brown, and the smaller petals rose-coloured. The lip is 3-lobed, toothed at the edges, and of a deep rose. The species is a native of Guatemala, and flowers from June to August. }V. B> CvpRIPEDIUM MAHGARITACEUM. Under this name M. Franchet describes, in tho last number of the Orchidophile, a new species from Western China, province of Yun-nan, where it was found by the Abbe Delavay. It is very curious, and we doubt not that if we could get it into cultivation we should have the making of a very fine species. It is reported to grow on trees, and is figured with two spreading, broad, spotted leaves, and a moderate- sized flower of a reddish-violet colour, marked with purple spots. The lip is so singular as to have led M. Franchet to constitute for the plant a new sec- tion— § Trigonopedia. In general shape it is like a boat or canoe, such as the Greenlanders use, convex, and keeled on the lower surface, flat on the upper surface, with a circular mouth, surrounded by a number of folds arranged in a ring; the whole sur- face of the lip is dotted with little blackish wart". The staminode is described as golden-yellow, cordi- form. So remarkable a species will, we trust, not long remain unknown to our Orchid-houses. Cypripedium Leeanum X, Massbreel's varietv. This name is given by Messrs. Vervaet & Co. of Ghent to a very fine hybrid raised by them between C. insigne var. Chantini and C. Spicerlanura. The flower-stalk is erect, robust, dark black; the bract, almost equalling the ovary in length, is broad, of a flne green colour, spotted with brown spots. The upper sepal is very broad, rounded, snow-white at the upper part, white, striped with reddish-carmine in the middle, olive-green (spotted with sepia-coloured spots) at the base. The lower sepal is straw-yellow [or pale olive], marked with sepia-coloured spots at the base. The petals are slightly bent downwards, very wavy at the upper edge, less so on the lower, margined with olive-green, the disc striped and marked with numerous sepia-brown spots on an olive- green ground. Lip very large like thatof Spicerianum, brownish olive, shining, margins fawn-yellow round the mouth. Staminode wux-yellow, wavy, with a projecting green point in the centre. The descrip- 12 THE GARDENEBS' CSliONlCLE. [Jaxuary 5, 1880. tion above cited is translated from one made by M. Desbois, and the substantial accuracy of which is guaranteed by Messrs. Backhouse. The plant is of robust habit, with deep blackish-green glossy leaves, marked with sepia-brown spots at the base. The plant is a very handsome one, differing from Leea- num superbum in the larger number of spots on the petals, and in the finer lip. The botanical distinc- tions between this and C. LeeanumX, hort., a hybrid owning the same specific parentage as Mas- sereels form, seem comparatively trifling, however superior the latter may be as a garden, form. M. Desbois proposes to call the plant C. Massereelia- num X , but in view of the circumstances just alluded to we trust that M. Desbois will modify the appellation he proposes to give, so as to make it clear that we have do with a form of Leeanum (itself, as we have said, a hybrid), and not with a distinct species. The value of the plant for horti- cultural purposes would not be one whit lessened by such a course being followed, while much confusion and loss of time would eventually be spared. Plants and Their Culture. The Bulb Garden. L I L I U M S. Where these are cultivated in pots it is important that any repotting required be done soon after the flower-stems of last year have completely ripened off, growth being then the least active. If the operation is delayed fresh roots soon begin to be emitted, when it becomes difficult to repot bulbs without injury to the roots. If Liliums in pots are to be well done fbr several successive years, a rich, fairly heavy, holding soil should be employed, which should be chopped moderately fine, and this should form about three parts of the whole, making up the remaining fourth with sharp sand and peat or thoroughly decayed leaf-mould or manure, if the last-named can be passed through a half-inch sieve ; these latter ingredients may be varied in quantity according to the texture of the loam. Avoid poor sandy composts, and the use of strong or green manures, which are best applied afterwards as a top-dressing. In potting place the bulbs about halfway down the pots, but if the pots used are very large — if the crown of the bulb is 6 inches below the surface, it will be sufficient. Although large potsful of bulbs make imposing subjects for the conservatory, yet pots from G— 8 inches are generally of the most use. At the time of planting 2 inches of soil placed over the bulbs will be enough until the new stem has made some little progress, when the soil should be top-dressed with some rich compost, into which a large proportion of mild manure enters. After potting stand the pots on a moist surface, and where frost does not pene- trate— an excellent place for them is a bed of dry leaves in a cold frame, or even a place behind a north wall if the pots can be covered with boards or an old light. Newly imported bulbs are best put at first into shallow boxes on a layer of sand, filling in between the bulbs with the same substance, and, if needs be, covering slightly with any material at hand. Stand them in a cool pit safe from frost, look to them frequently, and when it is found that a fair proportion of them has started, pot them off, and re- arrange those that are left. When thus treated they are not'so liable to rot as if potted at once. Amongst the most useful Lilies for conservatories and for cut blooms are auratum and its varieties macranthum, platyphyllum, virginale, and rubro-vittatum. Then comes the speciosum section, the so-called lanci- foliums. There are album, rubrum, roseum, punc- tatum, a white and a red corymbiflorum, besides several other varieties, and one especially fine is a pure white form called L. Krrctzeri. Then there are the longiflorums, including Harrisianum — a group of beautiful white-fluwered Lilies. There are also a few others whose cultivation is nearly always carried on indoors, such as the lovely L. neilgherrense, which is only just now flowering; L, nepalense and Wallichianum. These may be treated like the others, only taking care to let them have their proper eeasons of growth. F. Hose. Temperature and Moisture in Stoves. — In commencing the Calendar for the New Year, much of the work in this department will at this date be of a routine character. Many plants will now necessarily be at rest, and should be excited as little as possible. The weather being unusually mild for this period of the year, great care should be taken that the temperature in the stove should be kept as low as possible. With the thermometer often regis- tering 50° outside during the past week, it will have been, impossible to keep the houses at the minimum point; much less firing will be required. A.n exces- sive amount of moisture should be avoided. A high night temperature should be especially guarded against : 60° — 65° will be sufficient, allowing 5° more during the day if cloudy and sunless, with an addi- tional rise of a few more degrees during sunshine with a moderate amount of air during the day if the weather permit. Much less water will be required than if the firea were kept going during frosty weather. Watering should be done as early in the day as possible. Syringing and damping down should be done with great care. Many of the large growing Palms will require more water than the smaller and less robust varieties. Climbing Plants. — No time should be lost this month, before the busy season commences, in clean- ing and regulating stove climbers ; all insect pests, especially bug and brown and white scale, should be thoroughly eradicated. In small houses dipping is by far the best practice, and a great saving of time Is effected where it cau be followed out ; but in many places it is impossible to do so. Sponging must then be resorted to, with the free use of a good insecticide. AUamandas and Stephanotis having been kept dry for a time, can be cut back, so that the cleaning operation may be much more easily performed. AUamandas planted out should have their borders examined, and, if required to bloom early, these should receive a good watering previous to the plants being started into growth, care being taken to see that they are thoroughly saturated , all loose soil being taken away and a top-dressing of good loam and decayed cow manure — omitting the manure if the plants have not flowered satisfactorily during the past season — being given. Bulbs and Tubers. — Gloxinias and bulbous-rooted plants at rest should receive attention, and if too dry they should be watered freely ; the bulbs should not be allowed to shrivel. A few of the earliest maybe started in a mild bottom-heat if early blooms are required ; the others placed in their winter quarters till wanted. The Greenhouse. — In this department damp should be specially guarded against. The collection should, if possible, be separated, Cape Heaths and other hard-wooded plants being placed where they would have a free circulation of air, a sharp watch being kept for mildew, and sulphur applied as soon as it is detected. Very little water will be required during damp, cloudy weather. The temperature at night should not exceed 45°, allowing 10° higher by day; admit air freely during mild weather, but sparingly during frosty weather or during easterly winds. Calceolarias and Cinerarias need close watching to prevent the spread of mildew and greenfly, which soon disfigure the plants if not arrested. Bouvardias and other like subjects should have a house or pit to themselves and be allowed a temperature of 55° by night, with an extra 7° — 10° by day to induce tliera to open their fiowers freely. Any large plants of Camellias that are naked or which are overgrown should now be cut back, and much time will be gained by doing so now, as it will allow the plants to make a strong growth and ripen their wood for another season. Water should be sparingly sup- plied after the operation, and tlie plants allowed a little higher temperature to encourage fresh growth. The Conservatory. — This structure should receive every attention. Trimulas, Cinerarias, and Cycla- mens, with other plants, should now be furnished in quantity to take the places the Chrysantliemum occu- ])ied. A good supply of bulbs should for some time to come be always available with other plants from the forcing-pit, and no difficulty should be experienced from this date in keeping the house well furnished with bloom. It should be rearranged weekly to prevent sameness, and fresh subjects introduced. G, Wythee, Syon Mouse. The Flower Garden. It is now some years since, that by the request of Editor, I first furnished notes for this department of the Gardeners' Chronicle, so that readers of the notes of the former dates need not be surprised — considering the length of time that has elapsed — if the notes now to be made do not coincide with those of that period. Indeed, I may as well say at once that they will not, simply because my ideas have changed — ^are changing — and that it would be dishonest to write of other than my own practice, and therefore on this alone my notes will be founded. Flower garden is a wide term, and having the Editor's permit for full range, every department of it, with which I may be conver- sant, shall have attention in its proper season. Winter Garden, — I do not mean what is mostly known as a winter garden, i.e., a cool house furnished with the same plants all the year round, but a veri- table open-air garden, the beds of which are planted with a view to winter effect. It is pleasing to know that many gardens are now so furnished, either wholly or in part, which previously were left quite bare after the removal of the summer bedders. Of course it is too late to think of planting vacant beds after this manner now, and I only call attention to the matter, because of the indications there are that severe frosts are imminent, and plants not quite hardy should have some slight protection. These, in our case, consist of Echeverias, which are protected by placing cocoa fibre over and about the roots of the plants, the light blue colour of the plants and the brown of the fibre really look very well in con- trast with each other and, the safety of the plants is assured. New Zealand Flax and Aralia Sieboldii have a thick turf covering of Heather, which does duty in the double form of protection, and is a ground- work for these and other plants; spring flowering plants, such as Wallflowers and Silenes,that in some instances are mixed with the small shrubs, are all mulched with either fine coal-ashes or cocoa-fibre, as much for neatness of effect as for protection. Small Hardy Shrubs. — There is now such a wealth of variety of small hardy shrubs suitable for replacing tender summer bedders that it is as unnecessary as it is undesirable to risk the destruction of tender plants ; and our rule is to leave only such as we can afford to lose. As a matter of course, all hardy plants used in the summer garden are left for the winter, the dwarf Seduras, Cerastiums, Antennaria, and Herniaria, do good service as ground-work, plants for the shrubs. By keeping the surrounding walks and turf in trim condition, the appearance of such a garden at this season will bear favourable comparison with that of the summer. Pruniny Shrubs. — Lack of the necessary amount of labour and time are often legitimate reasons for the neglect of this work. But when it is remem- bered that the work can often be done when, through stress of weather — sharp frosts — other work cannot, the will at such times ought not to hinder. I am aware that there is a notion abroad that it is injurious to prune trees of any kind in frosty weather, and once I was under the influence of such a notion, but practice has killed it ; for, having pruned all kinds of trees in the severest weather, the first ill-eft*ects I have yet to behold. I am, therefore, prepared to advise this kind of work to be done at any time. Thousands of Laurels, Hollies, and other evergreen shrubs are ruined through neglect of judicious curtail- ment of growth from their youth upwards ; and coniferous trees, by the taking oil' or cutting back a lopsided branch that might possibly occupy five minutes of time, would, by its removal, be rendered more beautiful for months, perhaps for years. Apply the same rule to ornamental trees and shrubs gene- rally, and I venture to express the opinion that such reflection will end in the devising of ways and means to, at any rate, prune those trees that are most highly prized. Hedges of all kinds may also be trimmed up at this time, and lately planted hedges that are desired to make speedy progress towards effective- ness should be kept free of weeds by lightly forking over the ground and picking out the weeds, and if a dressing of fine soil can afterwards be afforded the plants will fully appreciate the attention. General Wo7-k. — To look over the general stock of bedding plants for the removal of all decaying matter to prevent damping off of plants, also to take stock of plants, noting such as are scarce for earliest propagation, is necessary at this season. Propagate summer - flowering Chrysanthemums. These were amongst the best of our autumn Januahy 3, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBQNICLE. 13 flowers last year, and are noted to be used in quan- tity this year. Violas, Calceolarias, Lencophytons, and Rose cuttinjis in frames must be well protected from frost, and on mild dryinfj days full t'X|)0sure to the air should take place. Sow in sti'on;^ Iieat seeds of slow growing subtropical plants, such as Wigandlas. Sjlanums, pyracanthus, robustuni, and 'argentuni, also Aralia Sieboldi, Arundo conspicua, Jlelianthus mjijor. and Ferula communis, this last one of the most graceful as it is one of the hardiest and most effective of plants for planting on turf. JK. Wild- smith, Hccl-jidil. The Orchid Houses. VfiEPAUATOUY AND Seasonaule Work. — With the new year the active work of the grower commences, and it will be a relief to be able to commence the potting of such as may require it, commencing with the Masdevalliiis in the cold house, but there is no hurry to begin for a week or so, and the earlier part of the month shonld be devoted to getting ready a good stock of living sphagnum moss, which should be roughly picked over, and stored somewhere outdoors or in a shed where it will not decay, but keep fresh and sweet. A good supply of dry iibry Orchid peat should also be got ready and broken up into large rough lumps, which may again be broken smaller when being used iu potting ; the peat and sphagnum being kept separate and only mixed together when being used, so that the ditferent proportions of each can be given to each plant as it requires it, and the size of the lumps of peat varied according to the size of the plants under treatment. Sand for epiphytal Orchids was formerly used for mixing with sphagnum and peat, but it soon dropped out of practice, and sphagnum moss, peat, clean crocks and where procurable good charcoal, is all that is necessary. A good stock of clean pots of various sizes should also be got ready. The weather now is variable and the temperatures, especially at night, require carefully regulating. Some days are quite warm, and on such it is a very good plan to place open all the doors of all the Orchid-houses, even if only for five minutes, in the warmest part of the day, as it ensures a much needed thorough change and renewal of the air in the houses. An even tem- perature and pare air are of the highest importance in Orchid culture and some of our most successful amateurs can trace their success to their liberal ad- mission of air and careful ventilation. The tem- peratures in the houses during January should be : — Warmest house, 65^ to 70^ by day, 60° at night ; Intermediate-house, 60° to 65° by day, 55° at night ; cool-house, 50° to 55° by day, 45| at night. James O'Brien. canker and other attendant evils being thus avoided. All planting of young trees should be done. In making new borders choose a light rather than a heavy loam; tlie linest trees and heaviest crops of fruit I ever saw grew in such a border on the bed of a river whicii had iound a new course a hundred yards away. The soil was sandy loam, resting on a bed of gravel not 5 feet above water level ; here the trees made beautifully sliort-jointed wood, the blooms clustering like Holly berries, and the fruit swelling to line proportions. As a stimulus to root- growth, use crushed bone and lime rubble. Any lifting or root-pruning should be finished at this period, if not already carried out. Seethatall the borders of late houses are sufficiently moist, watering them when necessary with chilled water, giving enough to thoroughly moisten the whole, but not enough to wash the goodness out of the soil. A dry border is a fruitful source of bud- dropping, red-spider, and mildew. Do not push the trees too much in hard weather, but keep the tem- perature at from 40° to 45'"', or the wood-buds will start in advance of the flower-buds, with the con- sequence of deformed buds and prematurely dropping flowers, causing partial set only. Syringe as before advised for the early-house, shutting up with suu- heat to save fuel. Begin to disbud as soon as the shoots are an inch long, removing a few buds at a time, and going over them once a week in preference to denuding the trees at one operation, thus causing an unwholesome check to growth. Thin all Idooms from the underside of [the branches. Examine outside borders of Peach-houses, and if any should appear to require water, let it be afforded them, covering up directly afterwards with litter as a protection against frost. I may say in passing, that I can highly recommend the Raymacker Peach for a place in a late house. It is fairly large in size, good in flavour and appear^ ance. W, Bennett, Bangejiiore. Fruits Under Glass. Peaches. — The trees in the early house will now be swelling their bloom-buds, and it will be advisable not to force too fast at this stage. Maintain a genial moist atmosphere of 50° to bb'^, according to the day temperature, higher when it is sunny. I always like to feel a little warmth in the hot-water pipes, but at no time should these be roasting hot. Take care that the border is in the right condition as regards moisture, and if there is the least sign of aphis being present, the house should be fumigated at this stage, so that no more may be needed until the blooming time is over. Give air on all favoui"- able opportunities. Syringe twice daily— morning and afternoon — with tepid water, in dull foggy weather damping the paths instead. Use a large camel-hair pencil to distribute the pollen, taking advantage of sunny days to go over the blooms twice, morning and evening. If this operation, be of no eervice it certainly does no harm. To have a good succession of fruit from the early house I find Waterloo, Alexander, Hale's Early, Royal George, and Violette Hative Peaches, Lord Napier and Violette Hiltive Nectarines to be good varieties to plant. These were in bloom with me last season in January, and came into use in the following order : — Waterloo, April 15 ; Alexander, April 25 ; Hale's Early, May 1 ; and Royal George, May 20 ; Violette Hative, the first week in June. Siiccession-house. — This may be started now, and all trees late in houses pruned and dressed with Gishurst's Compound. The strong shoots should not be too tightly tied in straining them to get them laid out straight — a small piece of cloth put under the tie TYill prevent the string cutting into the bark, and Useful Memoranda. BOTANIC GARDENS, Eic, In the United Kingdom. Birmingham — Curator, W. B. Ijatham. Cambridge — Curator, R. I. Lynch. Chelsea (London) — Curator, vacant. DcBLiN (Glasnevin)— Curator, F. Moore. „ (Trinity College) — Prof. E. P. Wright ; Curator, F. W. Burbidge. Edinbdrgh— Director, Prof. J. B. Balfour ; Cu- rator, K. Lindsay. Glasgow — Curator, R. BuUen. Hdll — Curator, (vacant). Indian Engineering College, Cooper's IliU, Staines. — Professor of Forestry, Dr. Schlich ; Pro- fessor of Botany, H. Marshall \Yard. Kew- Director, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G. ; Assistant Director, D. Morris ; Curator, G. Nicholson ; Keeper of Herbarium, Prof. Oliver ; First Assistant, J. G. Baker; Assistants, N. E. Brown, R. A. Rolfe, Dr. Cooke, W. B. Hemsley ; Museums, J. R. Jackson. Liverpool — Curator, J. Richardson. Manchesteu — Curator, Bruce Findlay. Natural History MosErM, London — Keeper of Botany, W. Carruthers ; Assistants, .T. Britten, G. Murray, E. Baker, A. Gepp, W. B. Rendle. Normal School of Science, London — Professor of Botany, Dr. Scott ; Agriculture, J. Wriglitson. Oxford — Prof. Dr. Vines ; Curator, W. Bsiker. RoVAL Botanic Society, Regent's Paek, London. — Superintendent, W. Coomber; Secretary, W, Sowerby. Royal Horticdltdbal Society, CniswiCE — Su- perintendent, A. F. Barron. Sheffield — Curator, J. Ewing. In the Colonies. BRITISH GUIANA. Geohgetown — Superintendent, G. S. Jenman. CANADA. JIontreal — Director, Prof. Penhallow. Nova Scotia — Colonial Botanist, Dr. Lawson. Ottawa — Dominion Botanist, Prof. MacCoun. CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. Cape Town. — Director, Prof McOwan. Graham's Town — Curator, E. Tidmarsh. CEYLON. Peradenita — Director, H, Trimen, HONG-KONG. Superintendent, C. Ford. INDIA. Calcutta — Superintendent, Dr. G. King. Agri-IIoiiticultural Society of India— Secre- tary, J. lilcchyiulen. Bangalore — Superintendent, ,1. Cameron. BojiuAV — Superintendent, G. Surstenson. Ganesh Kind — Superintendent, G. W. Woodrow. iMADRA.s Agri-Horticultubal Society — Secre» tary, — J. Steavenson. NORTH-WEST INDIA. Director, J. F. Duthie. OoDEvpOEE — Superintendent, T. Storey. OoTACAMuND — Director, M. A. Lawson. Saiiarunpoee — Superintendent, J. Golam, MAURITIUS. Pajipelmousses — Director, J. Ilorne. NATAL. Durban — Curator, J. Medley Wood. Pieterm-VRItzburg — Curator, H. Brice. NEW SOUTH WALES. Sydney — Director, Charles Moore. NEW ZEALAND. Christchuhch — Director, .1. B. Armstrong, QUEENSLAND. Brisbane Acclimatisation Socidtv — Manager, Wm. Soutter. Botanic Garden — Curator, A. M. Cowan, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Adelaide — Director, Dr. R. Schomburgk, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. Malacca — Assistant Superintendent, R. Derry, Penang — Assistant Superintendent, C. Curtis. SiNGAPOnE^Director, H. N. Ridley. TASMANIA. Hoeaet Town — Superintendent, C. Abbot. VICTORIA. Melboubne — Government Botanist, Baron F. von Mueller ; Botanic Garden Director, W. R. Guilfoyle, WEST AFRICA. Lagos — Superintendent, J. McNairn, WEST INDIES. Dominica — Botanist, Dr. Nicholls. Jamaica — Director, W. Fawcett. St. Lucia — Curator, J. Gray. Trinidad — Superintendent, J. Hart, BOOKS. A List of Elesientarv and Reference Books suitable for Garden Libraries, and useful for Young Gardeners and Amateurs to select from ; — General Subjects. Beekeeping. By A. Rushbridge, (E, W. Allen.) By W. B. Webster. (Upcott Gill, 170,' Strand.) Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improve- ment. By F. W. Burbidge. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Floriculture, Domestic, Window Gardening and Floral Decorations. By F. W. Burbidge. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Gardeners' Assistant. By R. Thompson. (Blackie & Son.) Gardening, Epitome of. Moore and Masters. (Adam Black & Co.) Theory of Horticulture. See Cassell's Popular Gar- dening, articles on " Life-History of Plants." Botanical. Botany for Beginners. By M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew & Co.) British Flora, Handbook of. By G. Bentham, F.R.S. (L. Reeve & Co.) Elementary Course of Botany, Henfrey. Edited by M. T. Masters, F.R.S., and A. W. Bennett. 4th ed. (Van Voorst). Lessons iu Elementary Botany. By Oliver. (Mac- millan.) Plant-Life. By M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Students' Flora of the British Isles. By Sir J. D, Hooker. (Macmillan.) 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANrABV 5, lR8n. COTTAQE-AND AmATECE-GaeDENINO. Amateur Gardeners' Calendar, Loudon. (F. iWarne & Co.) Cottage Gardening. By E. Hobday. (Macmillan.) Garden Calendar. By T. \V. Saunders. (Adams &Co.) Pa.\ton's Calendar. (41, Wellington Street, Strand.) Dictionaries, &c. Alpine Flowers. By W. Kobinson. (Murray.) Cassell's Popular Gardening. 4 vols. (Cassell & Co.) Chrysanthemums. National Society's Catalogue. (E. W. Allen, Ave Maria Lane.) Cottage Gardener's Dictionary. (Bell & Sons.) Dictionary of English Plant 'Names. By J. Britten and K. Holland. (Triibner & Co.) Dictionary of Gardening. Edited by G. Nicholson. (Upcot Gill, 170, Strand.) 4 vols. Encyclopajdia of Plants. By Loudon. (Longmans.) English Flower Garden. By W. Kobinson. (Mur- ray.) Treasury of Botany. Edited by J. Lindley and T. Moore. 2 vols. (Longmans.) Diseases. Diseases of Field and Garden Crops. By W. G Smith. (Loudon : Macmillan & Co.) FoRESTRv, Trees, &c. Arboriculture. By J. Grigor. (Edinburgh: Ed- monston & Douglas.) Conifers, Manual of. (J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.) Grafting and Budding. By _C. Baltet. (London : Garden Office, 37, Southampton Street.) Forestry, Practice of. By C. \. Michie. (Black- wood & Sons.) Hardy Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous Plants, Handbook of. By Decaisne, Naudin, and Hems- ley. (Longman, Green & Co.) Larch, The. By C. Y. Michie. (Blackwood & Sons.) The Forester. By J. Brown. (Edinburgh and London : W. Blackwood & Sons.) Tree Pruning. Des Cars. (Rider & Sons.) Willow, Cultivation of. By Scaling. (Kent & Co.) Fruit. British Apples, Apple Congress lleport. (Mac- millan.) Fruit Book, the Hardy. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : Ba:aa,r Office, 170, Strand.) Fruit Culture under Glass, Handybook of. By D. Thompson. (Edinburgh and London : W. Black wood & Sons.) Fruit Fanning for Profit. (G. Bunyard, Maidstone.) Fruit Garden, the Miniature. By T. Rivers. (Long- mans.) Fruit Manual. By Dr. R.Hogg. (171, Fleet Street.) Fruit Trees, Culture of. By M. De Breuil. Lock- wood & Co.) Orchard House. By T. Rivers. (Longmans.) Penr Congress Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) (Macmillan.) Pine-apple, Culture of the. By D. Thomson. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Strawberries. By W. Hinds. (Garileuing nor'd Office, 17, Catherine Street.) Vines and "V'^ine Culture. A. F. Barron, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, W. Insects. Manual of Injurious Insects. By Miss E. A. Ormerod. (Ssvann, Sonnenschein & Co.) Landscape Gabdeninq. How to Lay out a Garden. By E. Kemp. (Brad- bury, Agnew, & Co.) C irpet-Bedding at Hamptoa Court. By A. Graham. (Hampton Court.) Manures. Artificial Manures. By M. G. 'Ville. Translated by \V. Crookes. (Longmans, Green & Co.) See articles on " Manures," in Cassell's Popular Gar- dening. By J. J. Willis. Plants, Flowers, &c. Begonia, The Tuberous. Edited by B. Wynne. (Gardening World Office, 17, Catherine Street, W.C. Bulbs and Bulb Culture. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : lla~aar Office, 170, Strand.) Cactaceous Plants. By L. Castle. (171, Fleet Street.) Carnations and Picotees, By E. S. Dodwell. (Groom- b.id.'p.) Chrysanthemum, Tile. By F. W. Burbidge. {Gardini Office, 37, Southampton Street, Strand.) Chrysanthemum, The. By E. Molyneux. (171, Fleet Street.) The Clematis as a Garden Flower. By Moore and Jackman. (Woking Nursery, Surrey : Jackman & Son.) [cott Gill. Ferns, Choice British, &c. By C. T. Druery, Up- Ferns, Select, (li. S. Williams, Holloway.) Florists' Flowers, Hardy, their Cultivation and Management. .1. Douglas. Flower Garden, The Handybook of. By D. Thom- son. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Gladiolus Cultivation. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain. (Reeve & Co.) [(.J. Murray.) Greenhouse and Stove Plants. By T. Baines. Greenhouse Management for Amateurs. By W. J. JIay. (Bazaar Office, 170, Strand, W.C.) Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Handbook of. By W. Sutherland. ( W. Blackwood & Sons.) Ivy. By Shirley Hibberd. ( E. W. Allen, Ave Maria Lane.) ]Lynn. Lily of the 'Valley Culture. By T. Jannock, King's Lilies and their Culture. By Dr. Wallace. (New Plant and Bulb Co., Lion Walk. Colchester.) Narcissus, the, its History and Culture. By Bur- bidge and Baker. (Reeve & Co.) Orchid Conference Reports. (Royal Horticultural Society.) [way.) Orchid Growers' Manual. (B. S. Williams, Hollo- Orchidaceous Plants, Manual of. (J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.) [Windus.) Orchids, Cool. By F. W. Burbidge. (Chatto & Orchids, their Structure, History, and Culture. By L. Castle. (171, Fleet Street.) Primula Conference Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) Rose Garden, The. By W. Paul, Walthara Cross. Koses, List of National Society's Catalogue. By Rev. H. 11. D'Ombrain, Westwell A'icarage, Ash- ford, Kent. (Gill, 170, Strand.) Roses for Amateurs. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain. Tobacco Culture. By E. J. Beale. (Carter & Co., Holborn.) Pastdre Land. Permanent and Temporary Pastures. By M. H. Sutton. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.) Vegetables, &c. Asparagus, Culture of. By W. Earley. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Cucumbers and Melons. By W. J. Mav. (170, Strand, W.C.) Kitchen and Market Garden. (Macmillan.) Market Gardening. C. W. Shaw. (37, South- ampton Street, W.C.) Market-gardening Farm. By C. Whitehead. (Effing- ham Wilson.) Mushrooms for the Million, By .1. Writrht. (Journal of Norlicu/I lire Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.G.) Potatos, How to Grow. By J. Pink. (Lockwood & Co.) fAd.anis, & Co. Vegetable Culture. By Sutton & Sons. (Hamilton. Vegetable and Fruit-farming. By C. Whiteliead. (12, Hanover Square, London.) Vegetable Garden. By Vilmorin. (Murray.) Watercress. Culture of. By Shirley Ilibberd. (4 and 5, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.) Miscellaneous. Buildings, Horticultural. By F. A.Fawkes. (Swann, Sonnenschein & Co.) Church Decoration. Bazaar Office, 170, Strand. Garden Receipts. By Quin. (Macmillan.) Parks and Ciardens of London. By N. Cole. {Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street.) Planting and Agricultural Review, Tropical. By J. Ferguson. (,I. Haddon i.t Co. Bouverie Street. E.C.) Select E.vtra-TropicalJ Plants. By Baron von Mueller, Melbourne. Sub-Tropical Cultivation. ByR. C. Ilaldane. (Black- wood & Sons.) Tropical Agriculture. By P. L. Siminonds. (.Spon.) 1842 — Gardeners' Magazine, Friday. Editor, Shirley Hibberd, Esq. Publisher, W. H. L. CoUing- ridge, 148, 14'J, Aldersgate Street, E.G. 1848. — Journal of Horticulture. Thursday. Editor, Dr. Hogg, F.L.S. Publisher, E. H. May, 171, Fleet Street, London, E.C. 1871— The Garden. I'riday. Editor, W. Robinson, F.L.S. Publisher, W. Kobinson, 37, South- ampton Street, W.C. 1888— Horticultural Times, 127, Strand, W.C. 1879 — Gardening Illustrated. Editor and Publisher, W. Robinson, 37, Southampton Street. W.C. 1884 — Amateur Gardening. Editor, T. W. Sanders. Publishers, W. H. & C. CoUingridge, 148 and 149, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Garden Work. Editor, J. Wright. Publisher, E. H. May, 171, Fleet Street, E.C. 1884— Gardening World. Editor and Publisher, B. Wynne, 17, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C. 1837 — Royal Gardens, Kew, Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. Montlily. Eyre & Spottiswoodr , E.ast Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Reichenbachia, devoted to the Illustration of Orchids, Monthly. F. Sander, St. Albans. Orchid Album. Monthly. B. S. Williams, Upper Holloway, London, N. Kosarians' Year Book. Annually. Bemrose & Sons. Garden Annual. Garden Office, 37, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C. Garden Oracle. By Shirley Hibberd. London : Gardeners Magazine Ofiice, 4 and 5, Ave Maria Lane, EC. Horticultural Directory. Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.C. Horticultural Advertiser. Weekly. Pearson, Chil- well, Notts. Tropical Agriculturist. Ceylon. Colombo, Ferguson. GARDENING PERIODICALS. 1787 — Botanical Magazine. Monthly. Editor, Sir J. D. Hooker, (L. Reeve & Co.) 1841— Gardeners' Clironicle. Friday. Editor, Dr. Masters, F.R S. Publisher, W. Richards, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden London, W.C. PRINCIPAL FOREIGN HORTICULTUEAL PUBLICATIONS. America. The American Garden. Editor, E. H. Libby. New York. American Florist. New York and Chicago. Orchard and Garden. Published by J. T. Lovett, Little Silver, New Jersey. Vick's Monthly. Publisher and Editor, J. Vick, Rochester, New York. American Pomological Society's Reports. American Agriculturist, Broadway, New Y'ork. JIassachusetts Horticultural Society's Reports. Boston, Mass. Garden and Forest. Editor, Professor Sargent, Tribune Buildings, New York. Austria, Wiener Illustrierte Garten Zeitung. (Journal of the Imperial Horticultural Society, Vienna.) Bavaria. Illustrierte Monatshefte fiir des Gesammt-Interessen des Gartenbaues. Editor, Max. Kolb, Munich. Belgicjm. Lindenia. JIM. Linden and Kodigas, Brussels. Ij'Illustration Ilorticole. MM. Linden and Kodigas, Brussels. Revue de I'Horticulture Beige. M. Pynaert, Ghent. Bulletin d'Arboriculture. Editors, M. Pynaert and others, Ghent. France. Revue Ilorticole. Editors, MM. Carriere et Andie. Rue Jacob, 20, Paris. Le Jardin. Editor, M. Godefroy. Publisher, A. Picard, Argenteuil. L'Orchido]diile. Editor, M. Godefroy - Lebeul, Argenteuil. Journal des Roses. Editor, M. Bernardin. Pub- lisher, JI. Goin, Paris. iTournal de I'HorLiculture Pratique. Paris. Lyon Ilorticole. Lyon. Journ.il de la Societu Nationale d'Horticulture. Rue de Crenelle, 84. Paris. Le Moniteur d'Horticulture. Editor, M. J. Chaure, Rue de Sevres, 14, Paris. Bi-nionthly. Bulletin de la Socioto d'Acclimatation de France. Paris. Germany. Gartendora. Berlin. Editor, Professor Wiltmack, (Paul Parry, Berlin.) jAsr.inY l.'^.*9.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 15 Monatssclirift des Gartenbauvereins zu D.irmstaiU. Kosea Zeitving. Franklbrt-oa-the-Maiue. Deutsche Gdrlnerzeitung. Hamburger G.-irtnerzeitung. Editor, Or. Goeze. (Hamburg. Lebl lUustr. Gartenzeitung. Holland. Senipervirens, Gronewcgen. Amsterdam. Het Neederlandsclie Tuinboublud. Editor, Dr, Cattie. Arnhem. Italt. Bullelino della Societa Toscana d'llorticulturn. Florence. POUTUOAL. Jnriial dp Horticultura I'ractica. Oporto. To reduce degrees C. below -zero to degrees F., double the uuiuber, deduct one-tenth and subtract thirty-two. To reduce degrees R. above zero to degrees F., multiply by two and a quarter and add thirty-two. To reduce degrees H. below zero to degrees F., niultiply by two and a quarter and deduct thiity-two. To reduce degrees F. to degrees C, halve the number of degrees above or below thirty-two and to that add one-ninth of the same. To reduce degrees F. to degrees R., proceed aa above, but deduct one-ninth instead of adding. T'aHLK ShOWINO EQDlVALKNr OF InCIIKS OI'' ]{ai.\ im Gallons anu Wiamrr rKU Aciii-:. THEUMOMETER, &c. CoMrAElSON BETWEEN THE ScALES OF FAHRENHEIT, RuAUJlun, AND CENriQBADE. 1 Cnt. Fahr. ; Rr. Cnt.j Fahr. Rr. Cnt. 0 Fahr. Rr. o 1 o o 1 o o 0 0 ion 212 so : 50 122 40 Zero 32 Zero Hi) 2102 79-2 49 120-2 .39 2 1 30-2 08 98 208-4 78-4 48 118-4 38-4' 0 28-4 1-6 07 206-6 77-6 47 116-6 ; 37-6 3 26-6 24 96 204-8 768 46 45 114-8 36-8 4 24-8 32 4 95 20;i 76 113 i36 6 23 04 1 201-2 75-2 44 111-2 35-2 6 21-2 4-8 93 ; 199-4 74-4 ' 43 109-4 1 34-4 7 19-4 5.6 92 li)7-(i 73 6 42 107-6 33 61 8 17-6 6-4 91 195-8 72-8 41 105-8 !.32-8i 9 I0-8 7.2 90 194 72 40 104 .32 i 10 14 8 89 192-2 71-2 39 102-2 31-2! 11 122 8-8 88 1904 70-4 38 100-4 30-4 12 10-4 96 87 188 6 69-6 37 98-6 296 13 8-6 1 10-4 86 1868 6S-8, 68 36 96-8 28-8 14 6-8 11-2 85 185 ! .3.5 95 28 15 5 '12 84 18.-3-2 67-2 34 03-2 27-2 16 3-2 ■ 12-8 S3 181-4 66-4 33 91-4 26-4 17 1-4 136 82 179-6 65-6 32 89-6 25-6 18 0 14-4 81 177-8 64-8 31 87-8 24-8 19 20 2-2 4 15-2 80 176 64 30 86 24 16 79 174-2 63 2 29 84-2 232 21 5-8 ll>-« 78 172-4 62-4 28 82-4 22-4 22 7-6 17.li 77 1706 61-6 1 27 80-6 21-6 23 9-4 184 76 168-8 60-8 ; 26 78.8 20-8 24 Is 11.2 19.2 75 167 60 : 25 77 120 13 20 74 165-2 59-2 1 24 75-2 19-2 26 14-8 208 73 163-4 58-4 1 23 73-4 18-4 27 166 21-6 72 161-6 57-6 ! 22 71-6 17-6 28 18-4 22-4 71 159-8 56-8 21 69-8 16-8 29 20-2 ^2 70 158 56 i 20 68 1 16 : 30 22 ,24 69 156-2 552 19 66-2 1 15-2 31 23-8 1 24-8 68 154-4 54-4 IS 64-4 14-4 32 25-6 1 25 6 67 152 6 53-6 17 62-6 13-6 33 27-4 ; 26-4 68 1.50-8 149 52-8 52 16 60-8 12-8 34 29-2 27-2 1 65 15 59 12 !35 31 '28 01 1 147-2 51-2 14 57-2 11-2 ! .36 32-8 28-8 63 , 145-4 50 4 13 55-4 104 37 34 6 , 29-6 62 : 143-6 496 12 53-6 9-6 1 36 36-4 30-4 61 141-8 48-8 11 51-8 8-8 39 8 1 40 382 31-2 fiO 140 48 10 50 40 32 59 138 2 : 47-2 9 48-2 7-2' 41 41-8 328 58 133-4 46 4 8 46-4 64 42 43-6 33-6 57 134-6 456 7 44-6 5-6 43 45-4 34-4 56 1328 44-8 6 5 42-8 4-8 44 47-2 36-2 55 1.31 44 41 ' 4 45 49 36 54 ' 129 2 43 2 4 39-2 32 46 50.8 36-8 53 ; 127-4 42-4 3 37-4 24 47 52.6 376 52 : 125-6 416 2 3.5-6 16' 48 54-4 38-4 51 I 123-8 40-8. 1 1 33-8 0-8 49 56-2 39-2 Zero Fahrenheit corresponds to 7m7iJis 17"78 Centi- grade, and minus 14:"22 Reaumur, COMP.VEISON OF THE CeN'TIORADE, FAHRENHEIT, AND REAsinit Scales. To reduce degrees C. above zero to degrees F., double the number, deduct one-tenth and add thirty- two. Inches of rain. Tons per acre. Gallons pcriicro. 0.1 ID 2262 0.2 21) 4525 0.3 30 6787 0.4 40 9049 0.5 ,^.0 11,312 0.6 61 13,574 0.7 71 15.836 0.8 81 18,098 0.9 91 20,361 1 101 22,623 COVEXT GARDEN MEASURES. SIasy of these are jjurely local, and used onlv by those who frecjuent Covent Garden Market. ^ They vary also in size, some according to the kind ot fruit or vegetable they contain, and some according to the time of vear and size of the articles they con- tain. It is, tlierefore, almost impossible to convey an accurate impression of these measures ; but the following will be useful to those who are interested in Covent Garden quotations: — A sieve is understood to be about 15 inches in diameter and 8 inches deep, and to contain 7 imperial gallons ; half-sieve, 3.^ gallons ; quarter-sieve, 1 J gal- lon. A bushel basket is 17.V inches in diameter at top, 10 inches deep, and 10 inches in diameter at bottom. When heaped, it is su|iposed to contain an imperial bushel. Punnet : for Seakale, 8 inches in diameter at top, 7i at bottom, and 2 inches deep ; for JIushrooms, 7 inches in diameter and 1 inch deep ; for salads, 5 iuches in diameter and 1 incli deep. A bunch of Radishes varies from one dozen to two dozen roots, according to the season. A bundle of Aspar.igus contains from 100 to 150 heads. A bundle of Rhubarb from 20 to 30 stems. A bunch of Carrots, 12 and upwards. A bunch of Turnips, 12 and upwards. A bunch of Leeks, 6 and upwards. Bunches of Greens and ol herbs vary much, accord- ing to kind, size, and season. Roll of Celery=6, 8, to 12 heads. A tally = live dozen. A score of Lettuce or Endive=22. LINDLEY LIBRARY. This Library is held in trust for the Roj-al Horti- cultural Society, in whose rooms. 111, Victoria Street, Westminster, it is deposited. Under certain conditions, it is open, not only to the Fellows of the Society, but also to the general public. The Trustees are the Secretary and Treasurer of the Royal Horti- cultural Society for the time being, and the fol- lowing gentlemen :— Dr. Robert Hogg, Dr. Maxwell Masters'; W. Carrutliers, Esq. ; G. Maw, Esq. ; and H, J. Veitch, Esq. TIMBER MEASURE. of the mean circumference, or of the mean quarter girth, by the length, for the contents. 7i'«fe //. — Find the area corrcspondi)ig to the quarter girth in iuches, and multiply it by the length of the tree or jiiece of timber in feet, tlien will tlie product be the solidity in feet, and decimal parts of a foot, according to Rule 1. A't'^c. — When a tree tapers regularly the girth may be taken at the middle I'or the mean girth, or it may be taken at both ends, \vhen half the sum will be tlie mean girth. When a tree tapers irregularly, being thick in some places and small in others, the girth may be taken at tlie ends, and at equal intervals, then the sum of the girths, divided by their number, will be the mean girth ; or the tree may be divided into several lengtiis, and the contents of each part comj)uted sei)arately, then their sum will be the Con- tents of the whole tree. — P/inhin'K Aliuunac. SIZES OF ELOWER-POTS— CHISWICK STANUAIil). (I.VSIUE MEASUKE.) To Find the Area of a Boakd or Plane. — f!,tle.— Multiply the length by the mean breadth of the area. Note. — When the board tapers add the breadth at the two ends together, and take half the sum for the mean breadth. To Find the Solid Contexts of Squared Timber. —Tfitfc.— Multiply the mean breadth by the mean thickness, and the product by the length, for the contents. To Find the Solidity of Round on Unsqdared TiMEEK. — Rule I. — Multiply the square of one-fourth Ins. Ins. at top. deep. Thimbles ... t) 0 Thumbs ... 2.V 2,4. Sixties (60s) ... 3 •Ah Fifty -fours (.04's) ... 4 4 Forty -eights (48s) ... ih 5 Thirty -two's (32's) ... G 6 CUBIC, OR SOLID MEASURE. 1728 cubic inches ... make 1 cubic foot. 27 cubic feet ... ... ,, 1 cubic yard. 40 cubic feet of rough, or 1 i i 1 50 cubic feet of hewn timber J " ^ '™"- 12 cubic feet ,, 1 ton of shipping 5 cubic feet ,, barrel bulk. COX\'ERSION TABLES. Lenotk. French. Millimetre = -^ metre... Centimetre = ^ metre . . . Decimetre = Jj metre . . . Metre Decimetre = 10 metres... Hectometre = 100 metres Kilometre = 1000 metres Myriametre=10,000 metr. Inches. Feet. 0-039 039 393 032 39-37 3-28 393-70 3280 .'393707 32808 39370-7 32808 393707- 32808- Yards. 109 10-93 109-36 1093-6 10936-3 Weight. Grains. Ounces. Pounds. Jlilligramme = ■^ gram. Centigramme = i,*^ „ Decigramme = 3^ ,, Gramme ... Decagramme = lOgrms. Hectogramme= \W ,, Kilogramme — lOUO ,, 0 015 015 1-54 15-43 154-32 1543 25 154325 035 3-352 35-27 0 22 2 20 Lbs. Cwt. Tons. Quintal = 1 00 kilogrammes Millier=10U0 „ ... 220.4 2204- 1-96 1968 0 98 FRENCH LAND MEASURE. Metre sq. = (centiare) Are = 100 sq. metres Hectare = 10,000 sq. metres Arpent (of Paris) „ (of water and forests) Perch of Paris „ of water and forest? . . . 107 square feet. 1196 square yards. 3-9 perches. 2a. Ir. SO^n perches. 3r. 15 perch. 43 yd. la. Ir. 1 perch 28 yd. 40 8 square yards. 6108 „ 16 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. IJandaey 5, 1889. Advertisers are speeialh/ requested to note, that, under no circumstances ichaterer, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. STTBSCKIBEBS TO rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* who e.rperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested ■ to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded icith complaint ). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made pai/able at the Post Office, No. 42, -DRURY LANE. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV., Third Series. JULY to DEO., 1888. W. BICHAKDS. 41, Welliuatoii Street. Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. M EETI NG. SATURDAY Jan 12 ' ^'^y^^ Botauio Society : Genera SHOW. w7PnWT?cinAV Tiw Q ( National Chrysanthemum Society WEDNESDAY, JAN. 9^ at Westminster (two days). SALES. WEDNESDAY, Jan. 9 FRIDAY, Shrubs, Border Plants, at Stevens' Rooms, other Bulbs, at Pro- Morris' Rooms. i 10,000 Lilium auratum from Japan, and otlier Roots, at Stevens' Rooms. J „ ,,( Imported and Established Orchids, * ■ I at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulbs, Sec. at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies, Roses, &c., at Protheroe St. Morris, Rooms. Whilst agriculturists seem to be G rde ^1 congratulating themselves upon the hoped-for fact, that agricul- ture has touched " its lowest stage of financial difficulty," market gardeners and growers of vege- tible produce can hardly lay any such flattering unction to their souls. Certainly, if market prices for all kinds of winter garden crops fall lower than they are just now, or have been during the winter, they can but be reaching that vanishing point which consists of nothing at all. Ordinary returns of market prices afford only a very imperfect idea as to the actual prices obtained by the growers, especially on those occasions where the markets become glutted ; indeed it is often then difficult to give away, let the sample be ever so good, that of which everybody has in plenty, and which dealers or consumers may obtain at their own figure. AVe have passed through a season of remarkable abundance, one in which all kinds of greenstuff's have been and still are plentiful, almost beyond all precedent. The market fields are rich in greenery — breadths of all the Brassica genus, so luxuriant in growth, so rich in colour, and so abundant, have rarely been seen at midwinter ; and there seems to be little present prospect that this luxuriance will receive special check. Only severe weather, especially in the form of heavy snowfalls, can send up prices ; but that advance is obtained only at the cost of great mischief done to the tenderer breadths, and with labour less advantageously applied. We had during the summer-time exceptional encouragement given to the plant- ing out of all kinds of greenstuff. Brussels Sprouts have yielded an enormous and wonder- fully good crop. Despite that we hear of half bushels of an excellent sample, selling for 'id. each after they have been carted 10 miles to the market. Even if that be an exceptionally low figure it only indicates how poor have been the returns for all sorts of winter pro- duce during the week or two preceding Christ- mas, when, as is customary, special efforts are put forth to make a market, as trade does not fairly recover for fully a week after Christmas. The huge loads of produce, consisting of Brussels Sprouts, Savoy and white Cabbages, Coleworts, Scotch Kale, Spinach, Turnips, Tarsley, Wallflowers, &c., have been almost countless. These vanloads all converge upon the Covent Garden centre, from 20 miles round London — many leaving for market at mid-day the preceding day, and reaching home again, perhaps, late in the evening of the market day, heavily laden with manure, having been on the move for nearly thirty hours, an excessive strain upon both men and horses. Need it be said, that whatever may be written about railway rates, such a method of cartage as this can hardly be otherwise than costly. There are seasons when immediate contiguity to London on the part of the market grower is advantageous, but for that privilege he must pay, perhaps double the rental paid farther out in the country, far heavier rates, and much higher wages ; indeed, relative to his own returns, the average labour bill is indeed a big item. But railways have now enabled all forms of garden produce to be sent into the metropolis from remote parts of the country with great facility at fairly moderate rates whilst manure is also returned cheaply and plenti- fully, hence the market grower in the provinces is not so badly off in comparison with his metro- politan competitor. It has often been a matter for surprise that with such a wonderful yearly addition to the metropolitan population the demand should not have kept pace with the supply. Were the vegetable supply of ordinary home-grown produce limited to the metropolitan area of some 20 miles circum- ference, demand and supply might have been fairly equalised. But the railways heve revo- lutionised the old order of things, and except that he may have better soil — and that is not always the case — the metropolitan grower is finding his market cut from under him by the abundant produce of market-growers residing some 50 to 200 miles away from Covent Garden. Whenever railway companies are compelled to reduce their rates to a moderate average charge per mile, and all preference rates are ignored, we shall but see the evil of severe competition in the London market intensified, as the country grower will be placed on even better terms than his metro- politan competitor, whose horse-power methods of getting produce to market are both slow and costly, although the return load of manure is an important consideration in the calculation. A market grower recently remarked as an interesting fact, that even the poorest of London people seemed anxious to obtain greenstuff when the weather was hard and the supply limited, al- though they seemed to care little for it when it was plentiful. Assuming such to be the case, it indicates that the London poor are either governed in their tastes by caprice, or else the cold weather stimulates tastes which then are harder to satisfy. It is to be deplored that a strong taste for fresh vegetables does not more largely dominate the mass of townpeople. Were such the case the consumption would be at least double what it now is, and the present supply would be none too large. Those who favour purer modes of life and especially reform in diet, amongst the masses of the people, are better friends of the market-grower than credit is usually givan for. However there is much comfort derivable from the fact that the supply of good market vegetables seems to be illimitable, and let the demand eventually become ever so great, that demand will assuredly be met. It has been well for market growers this winter so far that they have had these favourite hardy flowers, '^'^iolets andA\'allflowers,to fall back upon, for breadths of these have proved to be very profitable. Wallflowers have given an intermittent bloom, which, if imperfect in development and lacking the true colour, still has been valuable aid in increasing the market returns. But whilst the Wallflower's best season is always found in the spring — and the earlier the better — that of the Violet, although essentially a spring bloomer, is best during a mild winter. In the spring, as with everything else in its proper season, Violets become a glut, and the returns are but moderate compared with the cost incidental to cultivating and gathering. During an open winter, however, there is always an irregular, but still certain, amount of bloom, and a bushel-basket filled with bunches of the sweet-perfumed flowers often returns as much money as a waggonload of Drumhead Savoys. The present winter so far has been wonderfully favourable to A'iolet flowers. We have had little frost, and much of moderately fine open weather. Fogs are harmful, but not so injurious as when accompanied with hoar frost. Still, comparatively little harm had been done to the flowers till lately, though it is to be feared that the fogs of the last few days will be very prejudicial. As evidence of the floriferousness of the common German A'iolet, it is worthy of men- tion that one grower has been for the past three months sending up hundreds of dozen bunches of flowers per week, and during one exceptionally favourable week, he gathered 14.">0 dozen bunches. If these returned Is. per dozen, as they should during the winter, the result for the week was satisfactory. This man has perhaps 20 acres of Violets, all wonderfully well-cultivated, and the labour incidental both to cultivation and to gathering is considerable. The preceding summer was a remarkably favourable time for A'iolets, gro^vth proceeding all through the season, whilst spider and thripa were scarcely manifested. Of course, when the plants are severely tried by a summer of heat and drought, the winter blooming is greatly affected even if the winter be open. Hard weather in any case soon destroys "S'iolet flowers, so that in taking into account the average returns from A'iolets, such a season as the pre- sent needs considerable discounting. It is worthy of note, that when the weather is cool, the French A'iolets rule the market, as they are then fresh and sweet. Mild weather here, with per- haps warmth in the South of France, not only discolours the French flowers, and leaves them after transit a bit stale, but gives to our flowers a rich hue and delicious freshness of perfume, such as mark April gatherings. It is a good thing for our market growing trade that a strong love for sweet-scented flowers so appreciably governs public taste, as also that we have such hardy plants as A'iolets and Wallflowers to satisfy that desire for perfume. The Great Waterfall at Wilhelmshhoe (See Sdpplementauv Sheet).— Our illustration, taken from a photograph, shows the famous waterfall in the grounds surrounding the Palace at Wilhelms- SUPPLENIENT TO "ThE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE," JANUARY 5^" 1889, lOTO' SPBOCUE •C'",22.iV1flnTlNS LANE, CANNON ST, LONDON, G C The Grand Casca.de, Wilhelmshoe, near Cassell. jAxrAEY 5. 1889.] THE GAFDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 17 hiihe, near Cassel. In 1807, and for some years subse- quently, the Palace was the residence of Jerome, King of Westphalia, brother to the first Emperor Napoi^on, and it formed for a short time after 1870 the place of detention, "the golden cage," of the third Emperor of that name. The park, laid out nt the end of the last century, has previously been alluded to in these columns as among the finest in Germany, though the severity of the winters prevents the introduction of so many evergreens as in an English park. It occupies the elopes of a mountain 1600 feet in height and which permits of the formation of cascades, celebrated throughout Germany. The Grand Cascade, shown in our illustration, is, as will be seen, not un- like that at Chatsworth. Though imposing from its magnitude, and having something of the fascination and charm that falling water always has, it is pretty certain that modern taste would not sanction the formation of such a piece of artifice. Instead of a cascade dashing from rock to rock between the trees and cutting out for itself deep pools here and there, ii'ora whose overflow the water may bound and rebound, we have here a fall of water flowing down a flight of steps. At the top of the steps is a something which suggests a huge cistern, surmounted by an obelisk that forms a resting- place for Hercules. The cistern has apparently burst and flooded the steps, to the great peril of those who have to mount them. Perhaps Hercules is wondering — as well he may — how he is to get down ! Modern landscape gardeners would sigh to think how much more might have been effected at the same cost. But then architects and landscape gardeners rarely agree ; but though they work on different lines, it is not impossible to arrive at a satisfactory compromise. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual monthly meeting of the committee of the above Fund took place at the " Caledonian " Hotel, Adelphi, W.C., on Friday, December 28, Mr. Geoege Draj. in the chair, there being a full attendance. The minutes of the last meeting having been read and signed, Mr. A. F. Baeron read a letter from Mr. S. Knight announcing the death on the previous day of Mr. C. Howe, of Benham Park Gardens, New- bury, a member of the committee, and hon. local Secretary for Xewbury district — a communication re- ceived with considerable regret, Mr. Howe having actively exerted himself on behalf of the Fund. The balance at the bank was announced to be £346 18s. 9rf., and as speedily as possible it is the intention of the committee to fund another £500. A letter was read from Jlr. 0. Thomas, The Gardens, Chatsworth, enclosing the sum of £.31, the amount realised for the Fund at the entertainment recently given at Chesterfield, by the gardeners of the district, and enclosing the names of thetwelve gardeners forming the committee, with the request that the sum should be equally divided among them as a donation, thus apportioning each man £2 lis. ^d. each, the communication also stating that it was the intention of the committee to hold the entertainment yearly in the hope of adding also to each man's amount. The Chairman pointed out that as not less a sum than £5 given as a dona- tion conferred a vote, the sum sent if so divided would be unavailable for voting purposes. Eventu- ally it was agreed that Mr. Thojias should be requested to arrange so that a ballot might take place among the members of the Entertainment Committee, so that six names should appear as donors of £5 each in order that the votes should not be lost. The sum of £42 9s. was announced as having been sent in by seven local secretaries ; also the sum of £1 Is. as a donation from the West Kent Gardeners' Society; the sum of ISs. 1^^. from a collecting-box at the Chrysanthemum show of the Chiswick Horti- cultural Society ; and a sum of 18s. ijd. in a box at the Chiswick Apple and Pear Conference, also the sum of 5 guineas from Mr. McKenzie. A letter was read from Sir Sojjers Vine announcing the intention of the governing body of the Imperial Institute, in consideration of the trouble taken by Mr. A. F. Bareon in giving assistance to the promoters, Mr. Barron having intimated his desire that any acknowledgment should take this form. Mr. Tnos. II. Harrawav, Vicarage Street nursery, Warminster, was appointed Hon. Local Secretary for that district. The allowance for the current quarter to the children on the Fund, amounting to £35 lis., was ordered to be paid. A draft petition to the City Companies, prepared by the Chairman, was submitted and approved, and the matter of forwarding it to a dozen or so of the leadingones praying for assistance to the Fund was referred to the sub-committee appointed for the jiurpose. This being the last meet- ing in 1888 a cordial vote of thanks was passed to the Chairman, and suitably acknowledged. The great dilliculty which exists in inducing the gardening fraternity in Scotland to support this Fund was illustrated in a letter from Mr. W. Thomhson, of Clovenfords, who in dealing with this unwillingness, alluded to the prevalent belief that the orphan children of Scotch gardeners have no chance of election. There also appears to be an impression that the headquarters of the Fund being in London, and the executive composed mainly of London men, orphans round London would be certain to have the preference. This assertion has not yet been put to the test, as all the candidates at the last election were placed upon the Fund ; but, it may be stated that on that occasion candidates at a distance were in as good a position at the poll as those living nearer the centre, and the votes at the disposal of the committee were appropriated to the most necessitous cases quite irrespective of locality. Of the eleven children in receipt of the benefits of the Fund, nearly every one resides at a considerable distance from London, the nearest being at Wim- bledon. The National Chrysanthemum Society's January Conference and Show.— The sub- committee— Messrs. Castle, Gordon, and Payne — appointed by the above Society to make arrange- ments for a Conference to be held in conjunction with the winter show of Chrysanthemums at the Royal Aquarium on January 9 and 10 next, announce the following programme : — The Conference will be opened in the Westminster Aquarium at 5 p.m. on January 9, when it is expected that the President, E. Sanderson, Esq., will take the chair. The sub- jects of the papers (each limited to a quarter of an hour) will be as follows :^ — "Manures for Chrysan- themums," by Mr. E. Molynedx; "Damping in Blooms," by Mr. C. Gibson and Mr. J. Dol:(.;hty ; "Mid-Winter Chrysanthemums," by Mr. Kipling; and " Sports," by Mr. N. Davis. Each paper will be followed by discussion, as far as time will permit. All members and visitors to the show will be admitted to the Conference, and the room or hall in which it will be held will be announced on the morning of the show. Show Fixtures.— In addition to those an- nounced in the Almanac, which is issued as a Supplement to this number, we are informed that the Stamford show will be held on July 11 ; Rich- mond, Surrey, will hold a show on March 21 and 22 ; and the Brighton and Hove Chrysanthemum show will take place on November 12 and 13. The Almanac. — In our present issue we give a sheet Almanac, containing as complete a list of the appointments for the year as we are enabled to make. All the large London shows and meetings, with those of Dublin, Edinburgh, Manchester, Bir- mingham, and a large number of the other provincial fixtures are incorporated. By the Post-office regu- lations, to which, however capricious and unintelli- gible they may be, we are compelled to conform, we are forbidden to supply any further information in the Almanac, such as we have been accustomed to do, although no objection is raised to the presence of advertisements ! Verily the ways of the Post Office, as regards newspapers, are, as only newspaper proprieters know, marvels of vexatious perversity. Much useful information will be found on pp.13 — 15 of the present number, "The Garden. "~In the number for Decem- ber 2i) is published a list of the coloured plates issued with the Ganlen from the year 1875 to the present time. " The Uses of PLANTS."--Under this title a manual of economic botany, by Mr. G. S: Boulgek, will shortly be issued by Uouer & Dkowley, 29, Ludgate Hill, E.G. It is stated that special atten- tion will be given to vegetable products of mora recent introduction. Hopeful Harbingers.— Mr. Wa«e sends us Howers of Iris stylosa which have been in bloom in the open air at Tottenham for some weeks. Unfor- tunately Irises are " not good for bouquet work," and so its charms are those of a furled flag; but there they .are. The lovely white hoop-petticoat Narcissus (monophyllus) have not the defect of the Iris, and whether in the frame or in the flower-glass, are alike refined and striking in appearance. Mr, Ware tells us that he has a very large number in bloom in his cold frames. A form of the Polyanthus Narcissus, with yellow segments and orange-cup, has been in flower for a week or more, as also is the early Italian Reine Marguerite. Mr. D. T. Fish.— Tliis gentleman, who has lately been elected to the Town Council of Bury St. Edmunds, is now a candidate for the County Council of West Suffolk Bury Division. Mr. Fish's practical knowledge of the requirements of the district and of the means of supplying them should stand him in good stead. *'DieNaturlichen Familien."— Thelast-issued part of this valuable History of Plants contains the history and description of the Genera of Rosacea; by Dr. W. 0. Focke, a botanist who has paid special attention to this group, " Review of the Planting and Agricul- tural Industries of Ceylon."— Mr. John Fer- guson has reprinted in the form of a small octavo volume a series of articles that appeared in the Tropical Agriculturist and in the Ceylon Handbook. The papers refer to the staple products of the island — Tea, Coffee, Cacao, Cinchona bark, rubber, and other economic plants. We are pleased to get so much authentic information in so handy and acces- sible a form ; and those who, like ourselves, have frequent occasion to consult works on tropical culti- vation, will acknowledge that this little volume is a boon to them. It may be had from Messrs. John IIaddox & Co., 3, Bouverie Street, E.G. International Agricultural Congress.— In connection with the Paris E.\hibition of 1889, will be held an International Agricultural Congress, for the purpose of discussing various points, such as the agricultural depression, agricultural instruction, and various other matters of interest to farmers and cultivators. The Congress will be held from Sep- tember 12 to 20. The General Secretary is Professor Dehehain, 63, Rue de Buflbn, Paris. M. Sagot. — The French journals announce the death of M. Sagot, a botanist who was well known in France for his researches in the Flora of French Guiana, and his numerous essays on the cultivation and acclimatisation of tropical plants. Metropolitan Public Garden Associa- tion.— This society is doing excellent service, not only in beautifying the metropolis, but in the more important matter of maintaining the public health. Sometime since, when we had occasion to comment on what had been done in our great cities in the way of providing open spaces, we found that, for sanitary pur- poses, a large number of relatively small open spaces, thickly dotted over densely populated areas, was of more importance than one or more large parks at a 18 THE GAIiDENEFS' CHBONICLE, [Jantaby 5, Ift^O. distance. The statistical tables fiom various towns then at our disposal sufficiently proved that. The work of the Association, over which the Earl of Meath presides, and in which Mr. Goi.DBiNa acts as Garden Inspector, is chiefly devoted to securing and rendering available for public use small areas which otherwise would infallibly be built over. This year we learn that, owing to the liberality of a resident landowner, a space of no less than 14 acres has been secured in Camberwell, to be known as " Myatt's Fields," thus perpetuating a well known name in the district, and one in which market gardeners in particular are specially interested. Another excellent work in which the Society has been engaged has been to secure the use of the Board School play- grounds for the use of the children on Saturdays. Mr, GoLDEiKG contributes to the present report a list of trees and shrubs suitable for planting in London and the vicinity — a list which will surprise some folk who think that nothing will grow in London, but which might have been even fuller than it is. We are sorry to see the Lime Included, as, except in the outermost suburbs, it is ill suited for town work. The Ginkgo (Salisburia) is a capital London tree, not mentioned in the list. The offices of the Society are at 83, Lancaster Gate, W. Pear Anne of Brittany.— A Pear combining the flavour of Doyenne du Comice with the size of Catillac. It was sent out by MM. Transon of Orleans. The fruit is large, broadly Pear-shaped, very red on the sunny side, eye rather deep, stalk short, stout. It is flgured in the Bulletin cVArhori- ciUture for December. Importation of Plants into GREECE.—The following decree of his Majesty the King of the Hellenes has been published and a translation sent to us for publication : — " Ardele I. — It is absolutely forbidden to import from abroad : " 1. Trees and plants and any portions of them while fresii, namely, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits ; '2. Potatos ; 3, Mailder ; 4. Rushes (for the manufacture of mats) : .^. Wood for fuel; 6. Earth and gravel used as ballast in ships; 7. Acorns used in tanneries ; gallnuts and bark of Oak trees and Acacias; and, 8. Straw and hay, with the exception of that imported as wrappers of merchandise. ''Article II. — The importation of brooms* is for- bidden from August 1 to the end of April in the following year. ''Article III. — The importation of the following articles is forbidden from countries infected with Phylloxera, namely, Australia, America, Africa, Asia Minor, and all the States of Europe, with the exception of Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway :—l. Of fleshy roots; 2. Of bulbs; 3. Of Mushrooms (Truffles); and, 4. Of vegetable or mixed manure. The importation of the above-men- tioned is permitted from countries not visited by the Phylloxera, namely, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Sweden and Norway, and the Asiatic coast of the Persian Gulf as far as the Yellow Sea. Upon the certificate by the proper Greek consular authority, or, in want of such, the consular authority of a foreign power, that the articles above-mentioned are the produce of the above-mentioned countries. ^* Article IV. — The importation of Fir tree bark is permitted only through the port of Syra, and when transported there in sailing vessels, under the follow- ing conditions :— 1. As soon as the owner of a cargo of Fir tree bark shall deliver to the sanitary authority the consuUr manifest and the declaration of importa- tion, the above- mentioned authority shall place the ship under observation, and inform without delay the Pre- fect of the Cyclades and the custom collector of Syra. " 2. The bark before discharged shall be disinfected in a remote part of the port of Syra, to be fixed by the Prefect, after hearing the opinion of the custom collector, harbour-master, and the health officer, the by soaking it in the sea for twenty days in sacks or barges. * Biocms med in Greece are mode of vegetablesubbtonces. " 3. The disinfection shall be performed under the surveillance of an agriculturist and proper guaids, to be employed by the Prefect. " 4, The payment, travelling expenses, and com- pensation of the agriculturist, as well as the wages of the guards, shall be paid in advance by the owners of the bark thus disinfected, at a rate fixed by the Prefect, " Article T,— The transfer of Fir-tree bark, acorns, or gallnuts destined for abroad, from a sailing vessel or steamer to another sailing vessel or steamer, shall be permitted at the port of Syra. If the sailing vessel or steamer is not in port at the time, per- mission shall be given for the above-mentioned article to be placed in barges till the arrival of the ship. " Article VI. — Transgressions of any of the pro- visions in the present decree shall be liable to a penalty in accordance with article 2 of the law* concerning Phylloxera. " Article VII.~The Royal decrees dated February 8 and November 27, 1880; May 23, 1881; June 12 and July 5 and 13, 1885 ; and July 21 and August 13, 1888, are abrogated. The present decree will be published and carried out by the above-mentioned Ministers. At/eens, December 2 (14), 1888. "The Minister of the Interior, " (Signed) E. DnAGouMis. " The Minister of Finance, " (Signed) Ch. Tnicoupis." Australian Acacias.— Baron Yon Mueller lias completed with the thirteenth decade his series of lithographic illustrations of the species of this large, intricate, and interesting group. The work will not only be valuable to botanists for the care and fulness with which the structural details have been treated, but also to horticulturists in enabling them to identify their plants ; while to tlie colonist the importance of correct nomenclature and ready means of discriminating species possessed of sucli useful properties as yielding timber, gum, tannin, &c., can hardly be over-estimated. "A History of English Bookselling,*' by Mr. W. Roberts, editor of the Boohvorni, and a con- tributor to our columns, is announced by Messrs Sampson Low & Co. SKIMMIAS.— 'Mr. RorjEits, of Southampton, sends us berried shouts of his S. KogersiiX, raised several years ago from the same cross as Fohemak's variety Uitely noticed. We have other specimens from other sources which show how great is the range of varia- tion in seedlings, and how undesirable it is to give Latin names to any but the original native types. We reserve any further comment on the ipiestion of species for the present till we have examined addi- tional specimens ; but in reply to some correspondents who have challenged our statements, we may say that S. fragrans and S. fragrantissinia, whatever be their real nature, are not identical. Compensation for Cultivation. — Mr. SouLBY, solicitor, of Jlalton, has issued a pamphlet (which may be had of Messrs. Hamilton, Adams & Co., 32, Paternoster Kow, E.C.),*and which embodies the provisions in an Act passed on August 8, 1SS7. This Act provides for the " compensation to the occupiers of allotments and cottage gardensYor crops in the ground at the end of their tenancies." By the provisions of tliis Act outgoing tenants may obtain from their landlords compensation in money for crops, including fruit and fruit bushes which have been planted by the tenant with the previous consent in writing of the landlord ; also for labour expemied upon and manure applied to the holding since the taking of the last crop, and in antici])ation of a future crop. Thirdly, for drains and outbuildings or other structural improvements made by tlie tenant with the written consent of his landlord. These pro- * The Law iu questiou, passed on Junuary 22, 1880. punishfs transf^reasiong of regulutiona against Phylloxera by un im- prisonment of from one to fifteen months, and a fine of from 50 to oOO ilrachmng. visions apply to any parcel of land of not more than 2 acres in extent, and cultivated as a gariJen, or as a farm, or partly as a garden and partly as a farm. Thome's Flora von Deutschland. — The fourth volume of Dr. Thomk^ illustrated Floi-a of Gcrtitani/ and S/rit^trlaiul (Willlvms and XoiKiATE) has just been issued. Like the former volumes it is remarkable fttr the excellence of its coloured plates and for its relatively low price. Tlie plates are so good tliat they render the book very serviceable to those to whom the language might oiler diflicultieF, The Flora of British India.— We have lo announce the issue of a new part of this im- portant publication (Lovkll Rk;:ve & Co.). Sir Joseph IIockkr in this part completes the difficult enumeration of the species of Fuphorbiace;c and Urticaceic, and gives a descriptive catalogue of the Cupulifero;, Salicine:c, Conifer:^, and other orders. Dr. King has assisted him in the elaboration of the Figs and Oaks, and Mr. DvEit has describL'd the Cycads ; but with these exceptions, the whole of this tedious mass of detail has been elaborated by the patience and skill of Sir Joskph lIooKEn, who may be congratulated on the approaching termination of his labours. Adverting to the Indian Conifers, Sir Joseph comes to no definite conclusion as to the origin or exact position of the Cedar of Goa, n( r has he been able to elucidate the mystery surround- ing Pinus lioyleana. Picea Pindrow is referred to P. AVebbiana as a variety. But the portion of Sir, Joseph's work, which will be looked to with moat interest by gardeners, is the enumeration of the Indian Orchids, of which no fewer than 113 genera are admitted. An analytical key for their more speedy discrimination is given, but for the enumera- tion of the species we must wait for the following numbers. It will be remembered that this compre- hensive Flora includes tiie enumeration of the plants of the whole of British India, from the Himalayas to the Malayan swamps and Ceylon, and thus comprises alpine, temperate, and tropical floras within its range. Cheadle Horticultural Society. — On December :2(), the Secretary of this Society was pre- sented with a handsome sliver cup on an ebony pedestal, as a mark of esteem from the exhibitors and fellow-workers. Mr. E. II. Svkes, J. P., made the presentation, with a few suitable words; and Mr. E. D. Stone, who has filled the poit of Secretary for twenty-one years, briefly replied. Presentation.— Mr. J. MunrsoN, on leaving the employment of Messrs. James Carter & Co., seed merchants, 2.'57 and 23ft, High llolborn, London, was presented with a handsome aneroid barometer by his colleagues, as a mark of their esteem and goodwill. Publications RECE\\/ED.~Dictio]>ari/ of the World's Fnss, and Advertiser's RefereJicc-book, Pp. 1400. 1S89. By II. SEr,L. (London : Sell's Adver- tising Agency (Limited), 107 and KiS, Fleet Street, E.C. The Hardy Fruit Garden, The End or TriE Plantin(! Season. — Although the best month of the season for the planting of all kinds of fruit trees lias passed by, still so long as the weather keejis mihl and the soil is in good work- able condition, planting may be advantagsouslv carried on. If there are still to be planted trees of the Peach and Kpctarine iu old borders I would strongly advise firbt of all that every particle of (he old soil should be removed to the de]ith of 2 feet and even deeper if the soil be of a heavy and adhe- sive character. The new station, making good allow- ance for amjde drainage, ahouKl nut l)e le?s than 4 feet from the wall; see that the draiiuige is made perfect prior to iilling u)) the holes with new soil, which, if obtainable, should be that of a moderately heavy fibrous loam, and adding to it a few shovelfuls of old mortar. Manure at planting time as a rule is not needed, but if the soil is iu its nature poor, a Jaotaby 5, !.=!«).] THE a A /?/) EN En S' CHI? ONI CL E. 19 little mixed along with it, provided that it is sweet and in a half decayed state, will assist the young trees ; hut avoid by all means a green manure from the stock-yard. Having filled up the holes to within ti inches of tlie level of tlie border, making the soil moderately lirm by trampling, trim off any damaged roots and plaut the trees, taking great care to cover them at various levels, but none too deeply. In cold soils and localities, and where the soil is naturally lieavy. it is better to plant all wall trees on well raised borders; but if the soil be light and loose plant on the level and mulch heavily in the summer months. TrdiniiK/ ami Nailuuj. — The Jforello Cherry trees have lately received much attention in pruning and nailing-— a rather tedious job, as in many cases the trees must be taken entirely from the wall before relaying-in the shoots. To prevent the crossing of the branches we annnally remove some of the old ones, spur in the weakest to a cou]>le of buds, and fasten to the walls those only of stout, fruitful growth. About -i inches apart is a nice distance ati which the young shoots may be laid in. When finished, the whole of the trees will receive a thorough wash with the garden-engine, using soap- suds for the purpose of destroying liarbouring insects, and the border may be lightly iforked over, leaving all in neat order. Gooseberries aful Currants. — If not already pruned, and the gap^ madegood, this should be done at once, excepting in gardens much troubled with birds. In pruning the Gooseberry, the thinning-out of the branches is an essential part of the work, so that air and sunlight may reach those left for fruiting, and the same remarks apply to the black Currant, while the red and white variety should be spurred in to a couple of eyes of the stems; exceptions, however, must be taken in favour of gaps, reserving a few shoots for the purpose of filling them up. Young trees not having not grown to the required height, should be shortened back at about 6 to 8 inches accordingly to an outside bud. The pruning of Vines, if not done, should be done at once, as late pruning this season may lead to much bleeding. If the weather is not favourable for outside work, see that an abundance of shreds are prepared in readiness for Peaches and Apricots, &c. The burn- ing of old nails needs attention, and the fruit-room must be looked over, removed therefrom any fruit t'lat is in the least decayed ; but do not handle good fruit. //. Mar/iha,/!, M'Tctvorih Ca^ffc, Maidstone. The Kitchen Garden. The success or non-success in a kitchen garden largely depends on a proper selection of seeds of the first quality, and suitable situations in which to sow the same at the proper times. In the preparation of the soil for their reception much more depends on the tilling of the ground than many people suppose. Some think if the surface be scratched with a spade or tickled with a fork some 5 or G inches deep, that that is quite enough to' cause it to produce a plentiful ci-.>p. I have heard of such happy experiences, but afier over thirty years' experience, have not yet been atle to realise them. The inexorable law — "In the s'.veat of thy brow shalt thou eat bread" — I take to mpan something more than ordinary expenditure of physical exertion; and it is only when we labour nmch that we can expect to reap abundantly. It is, however, an utter impossibility to grow first-ra'e vegetables year after year without a fair supply of m inure, and there are few gardens in the enviable nnndiiion of enjoying a superabundance of this indispensable commodity. Heavy, tenacious soils require less manure than light sandy ones; some kinds of the latter will consume great quantities every year, and in these cases cow and pig-dung should be applied in large quantities. Heavy soils are better suited with horse-stable litter, decayed leaves, and materials which will add to their porosity — such as lime rubbish, brick-dust, charred soil ; and a capital plan it is to ridge up the ground into 3 feet ridges, and to place a quantity of lime in lumps fiesh from the kiln in the furrow, forking the soil of the ridges over the lime, whicli will then fall, and assist in pulverising and aerating the soil. Rotation of Cropping. — This should also have due attention, and some sort of system of changing crops should be followed out. For instance. Onions may be sown on land that carried Celery, and without manuring. The Onions, again, may be succeeded by winter Cab- bages for use in the spring, when the ground can be double dug and a good coating of manure given and a crop of late Peas taken, which it will be seen results in three crops in two years. Karly I'eas may follow Potatos, if a good dressing of manure be given in winter, and the ground dug not less than two spades deep and ridged. Hoots such as Parsnips, licet, Silsify, Carrots, Ike. may follow Peas, without manure ; but the ground should be deeply worked in order to aerate it to as great a depth as possible. The benefits of deep cultivation are most apparent when the summer rains are less abundant than usual, tlie roots then find their way down through the loosened soil in seaich of moisture; and in a wet season the egress of water Is'rapid. Take now ordinary digging of 8 inches limit, which is about as deeply as an ordinary spade will move the soil, the plant food is mostly deposited in this narrow limit, and the plant is forced to make its roots in this, but what happens ? — ^the manurial ingredients become locked up by want of water, and are not at the service of the plant until moisture sets them at liberty ; and the result is stunted growth and produce of poor ((uality. A word of caution is, however, necessary in deep cultivation— very little of the poor subsoil should be brought to the surface at one time, and if the ground be shallow it is best to dig the bottom soil and leave it in place, spreading a good coat of manure on the top of it, so that in time it will be available as a fertile soil. Frame Ground. — Hotbeds should now be got in readiness for French Horn Carrots, Radishes, Potatos, and early Milan Turnips. The most economical way of forcing early Potatos is to place the sets in shallow boxes pretty thickly, and place them on a top shelf in a vinery at work. If they are afibrded plenty of light and air they will yield a fair return. They must not be over watered. Sets for planting on hotbeds should be laid quite close toge- ther in shallow boxes to start, not allowing the roots to get matted before planting them out. Take advantage of frosty mornings, and get manure wheeled on to the vacant quarters, spread it over the ground at the same time to prevent the frost pene- trating, and prevent digging being done. Let the digging be thoroughly done, and ridge the ground generally, exposing thereby as much surface to the action of the atmosphere as possible. For deep rooting crops place the manure in the bottom of the trench ; for ordinary crops first turn over one spit and place the manure on the top of it, throwing the second spit into a ridge on the top of the manure. Ground treated in this manner will be in better condition for the reception of seeds than that t!iat is flat dug. Place Seakale, Whitloof, and Endive in the forcing house once a week, and keep up succes- sional supply of Khubarb by placing a number of crowns in heat once a fortnight. Wm.M.BaHlie, Luton, Nursery Notes. ORCHIDS AT MESSRS. VEITCH'S, CHELSEA. In the week before Christmas no fewer than thirty- six species and varieties were in flower in the Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea. JIany of them were hybrids raised m the nursery, a few of them being rare ; but a large proportion of them are now plentiful, and may be grown in any collection of Orchids. One of the most recent acquisitions now in flower is Cypri- pedium Galatea, a very distinct hybrid, which boasts of the same parentage as C. oenanthum superbum ; but it is quite distinct from it. The dorsal sepal is more densely spotted, and blotched with purplish maroon, the smaller spots at the top being pinkish. The parents of this fine variety are C. insigne Maulei and C. Harrisianum. C. Leeanum, in flower in several distinct forms, is certainly more beautiful than either of its parents ; it is also, as might be expected, very free in growth. The variety superbum has the dorsal sepal nearly all white, and very prettily spotted. The best varieties of C. insigne are also very beautiful. C. Sedum candidnlum is also most charming. The pure white sepals and petals, slightly flushed with rose on the edges, renders more striking the reddish-purple lip. C. cardinale is to be seen in large handsome specimeus, and gives a dash of distinct colouring to the group. The sepals and petals are blush, tlia lip cardinal-red. C. calurums also, plentifully in flower, is in its w.ay quite distiuct from any of the otiiers ; it is also very vigorous in growth ; the sepals and petals are darker in colour, greenish, but deeply flushed ros^'-red ; the lip deep purplish crimson. C. leucorliodum is by far the finest of this group, the flowers large in size, and of the delicate tint in the sepals and petals of C. Sedeni candidulura ; it is also very vigorous in growth. C. Arthurianuni, a scarce garden hybrid, has been in flower for tlio hist two wionths ; it is quite distinct I'rom any other, and is remarkable for tin- prominent crimson veiua on a greenish-yellow ground. It is wortliy of remark that only one plant was raised from seeds of each of the two last-named varieties ; they are, therefore, very scarce, and likely to be so. The pretty little C. Schlimii album was also in flower amongst tlie otliers. If King Fog permits there will be a fine lot of Angrascum sesquipedale in flower soon ; but tlie flowers of this plant are quite as sensitive to the dense fogs as those of the graceful i*iiahcnopsids. It is rather singular that the Orchid jilants themselves do not sufler in the least. A few of the seedling deciduous Calanthes are always in flower during the winter months ; some of them are remarkable for their richly-coloured lips ; one of the best is C.excellens, a hybrid form between C. Regnerii and C. vestita ; tlie sepals and petals are white, the lip is of a rich purplisii colour at the base, the front pinkish. A very lovely hybrid Dendrobium was in flower — • D. euosmum leucopterum ; it has been raised in the nursery by crossing D. endocharis with D. nobile. The first-named is itself a hybrid, and is sweetly perfumed ; so also is the plant alluded to. The flowers are very fragrant, as large as those of 1), nobile, pure white, excejit the disc of the lip, which is a pleasing piirjilish-red colour. Scattered about in the various houses are numerous species of Orchids in flower. The lovely L.iilia anceps Dawsoni, which is still greatly valued by collectors, notwithstanding that white forms of ancei)S are now common enough. The broad, well- formed, pure white sepals and petals of Dawsoni stamp this form as still unsurpassed. There are few flowers open in the Cattleya house at present, except the different forms of L. anceps. A few stray jtlants of Barkeria Lindleyana, dangling from the glass roof, show how exquisitely beautiful are the rosy-purple flowers, poised on slender spikes, in these dull December days. A good mass of ArpophpUumspicatum had thrown up a number of its formal-looking flower-spikes, the flowers rosy-red in colour, of small size and closely set. Quite a contrast to it was a number of large, well-flowered plants of Cymbidium Mastersii. This is an excellent winter-flowering species, some varieties of it being much finer than others. It has been long in cultivation, and is badly figured in the Botanical Begister for 1845, t. 50. Tliis species may easily be taken for C. eburneum in its m.anner of growth, but the flowers are smaller — white, and rosy- purple spotted ; they are also sweetly perfumed. The visitor cannt fail to be impressed with the value of the Cypripediums for winter flowering. Take this genus away, and how great would be the void. The flowers also continue sucli a very long time in good condition. It is no wonder that this genus is so very popular, and that scarce and beautiful varieties are so eagerly purchased at higher prices than may be obtained for any other class of Orchids. The demand for the best forms is greater than the supply, but one may safely predict that, during the next few years, scores of handsome seedling forms will be produced to satisfy the craving for them. OncHiDs AT Me. W. Bull's. We usually associate the fogs and frosts of mid- winter with a general batreness of flowers in our glasshouses, and especially in those in which these natives of tropical lands are cultivated. A visit to any large trade Orchid grower or to any private col- lection would at this date dispel, in most instances. 20 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jani-ary 5, 1889. this preconceived notion born of early experience, when the species were comparatively few in number, and the skill of the cultivator less than at present. We recently received a lengthy list of species and varieties of Orchids in bloom at Mr. Bull's nursery, Chelsea, and without doubting in any degree the accuracy of the list, we were desirous of seeing under what conditions of culture these various plants were producing their blooms. It was conceived that, like the summer arrangements at this nursery, we should find them all brought together in one house, but that is not so, the plants being scattered in the many different houses, in which their cultivation is mainly carried on. There is, therefore, no endeavour to obtain effects by grouping, or by contrast, and to see all it was necessary to make a tour of the place. We may state that the total number of species and varieties in flower amounted to 115, and in- cludes first, on account of their numbers, Cypri- pedium, Odontoglossum, Oucidium, then Liclia, Dendrochilum, Masdevallia, Ca?logyne, Ada, Angrte- cum, Barkeria, Cattleya, Miltonia, Epidendrum, Sophronitis, Lycaste, &c. A mention of the more showy, or the more rare, will sui^ce on this occa- sion, and we must advise those desirous of fuller acquaintance with winter-blooming Orchids to pay an early visit, if possible, to the establishment. Of Cypripediums we observed Lawrenceanum ex- pansum, a fine form with a dorsal sepal of great breadth ; hence the latter part of its specific name. Many forms of C. insigne, notably punctatum violaceum, a variety with a broadish margin of white, into which the spotting spreads, these spots being violet in colour, whilst the others are brown. Other nice things were C. Sedeni, C. Stonei, C. super- ciliare, C. Dautheri, and C, hybridum marginatum — another variety, in which the increase of the white margin in the dorsal sepal is a noticeable feature. A lot of LiElias were grouped together, and so they were very effective, their cheerful colours lighting up the house. There were noticed L. anceps, L. a. Barkeri, L. a, splendens, L. a. venusta, L. a. oculata, and the darkest in colour L, a. rubra : L. albida Bella was very beautiful. In one of the Odontoglossum houses was a pretty group of Odontoglossum Pescatorei ; in another, O. maculatum and many of 0. crispum and Rossi majus. Other Odontoglots nicely in bloom were Arnoldianum, cirrosum, Hrubyanum (new), Ilalli, constrictum, nebulosum pardinum, grande, and Insleayi leopardinum. The rare Pleurothallis scapa, a plant formerly in the late Mr. John Day's collection, was in flower ; it is of curious structure, and large for a Pleuro- thallis, but not possessing anything very striking in colour. A large number of Sophronitis grandiflora, together with Ada aurantiaca, made a brilliant show in one of the smaller houses. Masdevallias in small numbers were in flower, and spikes of unopened flowers bristled over the numerous plants ; M. Tovarense made the best show ; and blooms were observed on M. ignea militaris purpurea, M. i. speciosa, M. polysticta, M. triangularis, and others. Of Oncids in bloom we may have counted twelve species, especiallygood being O. papilio and its better variety, 0. Kramerianum ; the soft yellow Weltoni, the sweet-scented cheirophorum, crispum, unguicula- tum, varicosum, nubigenum splendens, and tigrinum. Lycastes were found in some variety, viz., L. Skin- neri, L. S. alba, L. S. rubella, L. S. rubro-margina- tum — this last with rich-coloured flowers. Of miscellaneous Orchids in bloom were several Miltonias, as Clowesii pauciguttata, spectabilis, and cuneata ; Burlingtonia decora, Barkeria Lind- leyana, B. elegans, Cattleya chocoensis (whitish, with its apparently half-opened flowers), C. Trianai delicata, C. T. Vesta, and C. luteola ; several Den- drochilums, Dendrobium nobile, D. Ainsworthi, D. Veitchianum, a number of Angriecum sesquipedale ; these last, with numbers of their pure white flowers, but which soon fade and fall under the influence of fog, and the consequent reduction of sunlight; Ccelogyne cristata, Calanthe Veitchii, and others; two species of Zygopetalum crinitum rubro-venosum, with reddish-coloured bars, and Mackayi majus, whose prevailing tints are bluish. Other than Orchids deserving mention were plants of Amar3'llis ignescens, with scarlet, Vallota- like blooms produced before the leaves; and Clivia chloraceum = C. miniata X C. cyrtanthiflora, large corymbs of tubular flowers of an orange-yellow colour. Continental Novelties. PAPAVER LtEVIGATUM. This, a native of the Levant, Caucasus, &c., is introduced by Messrs. Ilaage & Schmidt, of Erfurt, to whom we are indebted for the accompanying illus- tration (fig. 4, p. 21). The plant is about Ik feet in height, much branched and bears flowers of about 3 — 4 inches diameter. Their colour is dark scarlet, with a spot of black at the base of each petal, the spot itself being bordered by a white band. The two exterior petals are nearly twice as large as tiie other two. It is stated that the plant is very flori- ferous, and that the cut flowers will remain fresh for several days, which generally is not a character- istic of Poppies. We give the above particulars on the authority of Messrs. Haage & Schmidt, but their account does not tally in all points with the plant of this name described in Boissier's Flora Orientalis, vol. i., p. 114. GoDETiA Faihy Queen. This, another novelty from Erfurt, is a compact dwarf plant after tiie style of Lady Satin Rose. Tiie Fkv. 3.— cjodexia faihy queen ; AND ROSE. FLOWERS WHITE flowers are white, edged with flesh, and each petal has a'carmine spot at the base, as shown in the illustration (fig. 3). Home Correspondence. FUELS AND STOKINQ.— There are very few private places in the country where a man is regu- larly employed to do the stoking, the work being performed by the young gardeners as a part of their duty, and it is patent to every gardener who has much glass under his charge that some young men show more aptitude than others as stokers. A good knowledge of stoking is a very important item in a gardener's education. There are some young men who are constantly going from one extreme to the other ; the pipes are either too hot or too cold (these are both ugly evils), and are what one might term fuel-wasters ; but to have a man attending fires who studies thera and his temperatures is a boon, and such a one should always receive credit from his superiors. The former class of men are found in the minority. But cases have come under my notice where the young men are not altogether at fault, the fpiult lying in tbe furnace or the fuel used, aud in these days it is a v^ry easy matter to rectify such mistakes, considering the number of difi'erent boilers there are in the market, and the variety of fuels obtainable. Perhaps the most common kind of fuel in use is ordinary gas-coke ; this is clean, and produces very little smoke, which is an important point in a garden, or when the glasshouses are situated near a town. This is the kind used at Kew to heat the numerous compartments for the growing of tropical plants (or it was solely in use some three or fuur years ago). It generally gives satisfaction in almost any kind of boiler, whether large or small, and is readily obtained. Foundry-coke — or, as it is some- times called, charcoal coke — no doubt on account of it being shaped in long narrow pieces ; this is made at the collieries, and large quantities of it go to London instead of sending up the coal from which it is made. It is much harder and a little more ex- pensive than gashonse coke, and has more lasting power in it, and is very suitable for burning in upright tubulars, as it gives off more heat than gas- house coke and does not require so much attention. We find it more liable to become lodged between the tubes of upright boilers than other coke, which some- times causes serious inconveniences ; to modify this, it is all broken up to the requisite size before putting it on the fire — a thing we scarcely have to do with gashouse coke. Anthracite or Welsh coal is not in very general use at present ; we are giving it a trial, and at a later period shall be in a position to speak of its merits or demerits. Suffice it to say fur the present that we find it of very slow combustion, pro- ducing but little smoke and flare, lasting longer than any other fuel we have tried ; in fact, I was going to say you might make a fire up with it and shut off the draught closely at the beginning of the week, go out for a lew days, return, and find your fire still alight— but with what results I must be mute. Occasionally we meet with boilers that have by far too much piping attached to them, and the hotwater having to travel a long way to complete some of its work. This is a mistake, it being always better to have an extra boiler put in so that they may work together or separately, or, better still, in some cases to build another stokehole instead of doing all the work from one centre. W. H. Christmas roses.— Mr. Ilartland's opinions about the difierence of Helleborus altifolius and Mr. Poe's Riverston variety are quite correct; the latter is evidently a niger variety ; the folipge of II. alti- folius of gardens is so massive and distinct that it cannot be mistaken, and the foliage of altifolius type and altifolius albus is also more lanky and narrower than that of any niger variety. The flowers of all the niger varieties, whether of the stellate or cup-shaped section, have an even smooth surface and outline, the edges soft and roundish ; the flowers of the altifolius group are always uneven, somewhat rugose, undulate, the edges broken and ruggish. I do not put much value on a pink or white stigma, or on mottled or green stalks, evidence of which opinion I have just before me in the shape of an altifolius variety having apple-green stalks, white stigmas, and pure white flowers. This has been found in the garden attaciied to an old mansion in Silesia, and the plant is so characteristic that there can be no doubt it is an accidental variety of altifolius. Helleborus niger ruber is a stately plant but flowers rather late. Ma.v Lck'htlin, Baden-Baden. Christmas Roses and Slugs.— A question was asked iu the iTardencr's Chronivlc of -Uec. 22 How to save Christmas Koses from slugs ? In autumn, as soon as the buds show signs of moving, 1 go over my plants, removing all dead leaves and rubbish, and keeping a sharp look-out t)ie while for slugs, and wlieu all is clean I mulch the crowns with cocoa-nut fibre refuse. The Christmas roses come very clean through the fibre, especially if helped later on with a hand-light, which should be raised from the ground to allow a free circulation of air. If the enemy were iu very strong force something more might be necessary. Much may be done with baits of bran, Cabbage-leaves, &c. J. S. JV. [Tlie slug in question is not the common one. but one of very small size and dainty appetite. Ed. J LILIUM GIGANTEUM SEED.— In .Tuly, a lily, blooming in a bed at Wisley, had much richer coloured flowers than 1 had ever before seen, so I cut the stem and took it up to the Royal Horticultural Society' s show on the 24th of that month. Some good authorities there were as much struck with the colour as I had been, so I regretted tUat tUJ tU? flowers had been cut an^i JANrAEv b, 1880.] THE GAUDENEnS' CHRONICLE. 21 chance of seed lost. I brought the stem home, and as a forlorn hope, set it in a pickle-bottle full of ^vater in our porch, the seed-pods formed and swelled, and though not as large as nsnal, some of them were plump. When cold weather came and the pods seemed damping, they were cut oil', and the ripening process continued in my den. Un the 24th of last month I had the pleasure of sowing a fair lot of what appeared to be good seed. George F. Wihon. MANURES TO VINES.— The Vines in the vine- yards of tlie Ahrthal have generally been manured with stable manure, but in order to tost the etiect of an artificial manure on the quantity and quality of the Grape crop, a manurial mixture was prepared, containing the following ingredients : — 7 per cent, soluble phosphoric acid, G per cent, potash, and o per cent, nitrogen. This was applied in small doses at a time on the surface of the soil, and loosely forked in. The final result showed an average increase by the artificial dressing of 20 per cent, of Grapes over the stable manure, and on analysis the artificial manured crop was the richest in sugar. John J. Wilh, Harpcndcn. HERBACEOUS PLANTS. — I had no intention of returning to this subject ; but as Mr. E. Jenkins reason for their only being fit for a botanical garden. J. Ilorni' field. CHRYSANTHEMUM MRS. COBAY. — When I answered the enquiry as to the description of the Chrysanthemum, named ]\Irs. Cobay, by " R. D.," I thought he meant Mr. Cobay ; but as he classed it with the Princess of Wales' type, I thought it might be a new variety in spite of its bearing the surname of another variety. Of course I could not be positive that the Mrs. w.as a misprint for Mr., and as Mr. Cobay has no connection with Princess of Wales or Mrs. Ileale in form, that, I am aware of, being a sport from Prince of Wales, I am at a loss to know how this variety can be classed with the Princess of Wales type. E. M. C, PEAR GOSSIP. — May I once more trespass on your space for a few remarks on this subject ? I would suggest that those who have any Pears ripe during January and February would kindly send up a dish to the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. This would be far more valuable than a dozen letters on the subject, I remember well about a dozen years ago a dish exhibited, I think in February, of Beurre de Jonghe; every one was delighted with the flavour of this medium-sized, cinnamon-coloured Fig. 4. — papaver l.i;vigatum : flowkbs scarlet, (see p. 20.) OsTRowsicvA MAfixiFicA, Garden, December 29. (See Gard. Chron., p. 05, vol. iv., ^rd series.) Spinovitis Davidh, lieviie Horticolc, December 1, 1888. A Chinese Vine with spiny stems. Vrris RENiFORMis, Hevue Horticole, December 1, 1888, p. p. 537. China. ViTis Rohaneti, lin^ue Horticole, December 1, 1888, p. 53G. Cliina. makes such random statements (p. 757, vol. iv.), I feel it my duty to do so, in the hope that those who may have acted on my previous advice will not be misled by his remarks. In alluding to my original list he now states, "It will be observed that the front row would be nearly bare of flowers for nearly nine months of the year."' I, on the contrary, assert that it will only be bare of flowers for one month in the year, viz., November. The names of the species, with the time of flowering for each, are as follows: — Campanula coUina, June — July ; C. carpatica, April — October ; Dracocephalnm austriacum, June — July ; Gentiana vema, April — May ; Hepatica tri- loba and varieties, February — April; Iberis gib- raltarica, April — June ; Tussilago farfara variegata, March — April; T. fragrans, February — March; Veronica Candida and V. reptans, June — July; Hel- leborus niger and its varieties, December — -January. The accuracy of the above may easily be verified when the plants have become well-established. In regard to Onosma tanricum not being a " mifl^y " sub- ject, the cultural details of your correspondent con- stitute in themselves a sufiicient refutation on that point, and I may pass it by without further com- ment, coming to Veratrum nigrum. "Dinginess of their flowers " I consider to be an insufficient Pear, and yet it is not generally grown. I quite forgot when writing lately about Pear Pitmaston Duchess, to say that the raisers name was Sprague. He was for fifty years, gardener to Mr. Williams of Pitmaston, and lived to the great age of ninety years, and that although hundreds of seedling fruits were raised by him it was all done in a haphazard way. Probably it is not generally known that many years ago Lord Scudamore had, for reasons unexplained, to leave this country and take up his residence in France, and it was to him that Herefordshire owes many of the Pears cultivated in the orchards of that county ; and it was also this nobleman who at the same time sent the white-faced breed of cattle now known as Herefords, which he found in Normandy, but which originally came from Russia. J, Rii^t, Bridge Castle. PLANT PORTKAITS, AjfPELOTiTis 9P., Bevue Horticole, December 1, 1888. China. IvALJiiA LATiFOLiA Pavarti, JRevtie Horticole, De- cember 1, 1888. — Said to differ from the type in the brilliant colour of the flowers. PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW. Columnea Kalbreteri. — This genus comprises about sixty species, all natives of the tropics of America and the West Indies. Only very few of them have become known as garden plants, the best of these being C. scandens and C. Schiediana, which are strong herbaceous climbers, with rooting stems, lance-shaped leaves, and large axillary flowers of attractive colours. C. Kalbreyeri differs very much from these. It is dwarf, never more than a foot high, clothed with opposite distichous leaves, one in each being small and bract-like, the other 18 inches long, 4 inches broad, somewhat drooping, falcate, olive-green above, purple beneath. The flowers are axillary, several from each node ; they are subtended by small green leafy bracts. Peduncle Hinch long; calyx composed of five lanceolate leaf-like yellow segments, 1.^ inch long ; corolla fleshy, 2 inches long, irregular at the mouth, yellow, witli a few red stripes inside. The plant flowers very freely, the blooms lasting a long time. This species was intro- duced by Veitch several years ago. JUSTICIA CALYCOTHRICHA. Amongst the Acanthaceous plants now in flower this is one of the most interesting. It forms a shrub 1.} foot high, with erect branches, and opposite lance-shaped leaves 6 inches long. The flowers are crowded in terminal spikes, which have a singular appearance, owing to the erect hair-like calyx lobes, which give the flower-heads a bristly look. The corolla is nearly 2 inches long, and of the form usual in this genus. The colour of the whole inflorescence is bright canary-yellow. There is a second species very similar to this under the name of J. flavicoma. Natives of Brazil. BROSrELIADS. If for no other reason many of these plants ought to become popular in gardens on account of their flowering in winter. At Kew there are some most attractive kinds in flower now, amongst them being the following Billbergias: — B. Bakeri, this has leaves II foot high, almost erect, green with 3'ellowish spots, and an erect spike, nodding at the top where the yellowish-green flowers are clustered. They are 2 inches long, and are subtended by lance-shaped bracts 2 inches long, rosy-red in colour. B. San- deriana has erect, broad-toothed, stout green leaves, and a noddding spike of green flowers tipped with blue, the bracts being rosy. B. speciosa is very similar to B. Bakeri, but the bracts are larger, they are 2;^ inches long, f inch broa5, concave, and bright rosy-red. The leaves in this species are un- spotted. B. Cappei, already noted, is still in flower. Several Jl'^chmeas, Tillandsias, and Pitcairneas are also in bloom, W. W. The Herbaceous Border. SOME SELECT HARDY PLANTS. Inis GiGANTEA. — This magniflcent plant seems to be little known in gardens, though it possesses almost every possible claim to favour. It is easy to grow, has fine foliage, and produces superb white flowers of great substance marked with yellow. Height 4 feet. I. ochroleuca is similar to the above, but has smaller flowers. I have tjie two plants growing side by side in my garden, and they are certainly distinct, though, no doub*", near relations. I. orientalis, a better known, but still comparatively neglected plant, in the way of I. sibirica, with rich 22 THE OABDENBRS' CHRONICLE. [JaM'akv 1880 blue flowers of a very distinct shade. It soon makes larp:e plants, and blooms freely. The foliage in its earliest stages is decidedly handsome, being streaked with bright red, I. sangninea, as it has been sent to me, is appa- rently a dwaif variety of I. orientalis. The flowers are of much the same colour, with reddish stems. It is a free grower. I. graminea. — The flowers, of an unusual shade of red-purple, hide themselves in the grass-like foliage, and, in consequence, this modest little beauty is generally passed by, unnoticed by visitors to my garden. But cut a dozen blossoms and put them in a vase, and most people who are asked whether tliey like the scent of them will say, " How delicious! It reminds us of ripe Green Gages. What is the name of this charming flower ? " I. Cengialti, a plant now becoming fairly well known. A very free bloomer, the blossoms being nearly as large as those of I. germanica. There are several varieties to be obtained, of various shades of lavender-blue. I think I prefer the one known as Loppio. (See Professor M. Foster's article, Gar- deners' Chronicle, May 1 and 8, 1886.) I. benacensis, — A comparatively dwarf plant, with large dark blue flowers, possessing " the light of a dark eye in woman." I. Kedoutei. — Semi-dwarf; has red-purple flowers, with a not unpleasant scent. I. Pseud-acorus variegata has blossoms similar, though a little darker in colour, to the common yellow Water Flag ; but the foliage, green and pale yellow, is very handsome in early spring. Very free grower. I. aurea. — A noble plant in the style of I. gigantea, with golden fringed flowers. One of the most beau- tiful Irises with which I am acquainted. Likes a damp but not sunless place. I. Monnieri. — Another splendid form : rich yellow, but not fringed like I. aurea. It is diflicult to get large pieces of these two last Irises. Perhaps the reason why they do not seem to bloom freely is that the plants take a good time to establish themselves. He^ncroccd lis. -Some of this meritorious genus are well known in gardens as the golden Day Lily (H. flava), and the tawny Day Lily (H. fulva), perhaps I should add the variegated Day Lily (H. kwanso variegata) ; but the following seem to me to claim at least equal attention, inasmuch as they are no less decorative in the border, while the last on the list, 11. Thuubergi, is very useful as a cut flower. H. Dumoi"tieri. — Yellow with bronze exterior — a distinct and useful plant, 1 foot high, early. H. rutilans and H. Sieboldi, as sent to me, are similar to, but not so good as, H. Dumortieri. H. graminea.^A very pretty dwarf form with soft yellow flowers, II. IMiddendorfii.— Flowers rich yellow : about 12 to 16 inches high, possibly taller in vciy favourable situations. Handsome. II. disticha plena. — Large double flowers ; in colour fiery orange flamed with scarlet. Very effective. H. Thunbergi. — Much to be recommended. It is about the same height as II, flava, but the colour of the flower is a pale yellow. The blossoms, like those of H. flava, are sweet-scented. This species flowers after H. flava is over, and is very useful for cutting. Single Phonics. — I should like to draw attention to a few single Pix^onies, which seem to me most desirable for all gardens : — Prconia anomala. — A lovely flower, in colour almost scarlet, with golden anthers. This plant strikes everyone who sees it in blossom. As far as I can make out it is identical, or nearly so, with one they have at the York Nurseries under the name P. insignis. P. anomala has very pretty much divided foliage. I bought a plant of it at the sale by auction at the Exotic Nursery, Tooting, and in planting it broke a very small piece off the main plant; this, last summer, had nine blossom-stems, and the small bit two. This shows that it is a free grower and flowerer. P. albiflora var. festiva fragrans. — Under this name I obtained from the York Nurseries a hand- some rosy-pink flowered plant, which I can recom- mend. It is tall and free. The blossoms are large, and look very well by artificial light when cut. P. Whitleyi mnjor. — This is a handsome and striking plant, received from the same source. The flowers are very large, white, with yellow anthers. I give the names of these two last Piconies as I leceived them, without offering any opinion as to their correctness, Monthrdias. — These flowers are, I think, likely to take a foremost place for winter decoration, and for cutting. I have seen in blossom a fair number of named varieties, and out of them would most strongly recommend Etoile de Fer (Fiery Star), fiery vermilion and yellow ; and Gerbe d'Or {Golden Sheaf), a golden-yellow self. M. crocosroreflora is very handsome in a mass, and a variety with dark coloured leaves and yellow flowers, called Solfatara, struck me as desirable, but I have not yet flowered it in my own garden. These plants re*iuire a little protection in winter, but their profuse bloom, free habit, and bright colours, will repay a little trouble. A good loam, with a little sand, is what they like. North-Eastcr. Plant Notes. CENTROPOGON LUCYANUS. The free-flowering disposition of this plant, and its easy culture, ought to make it more popular than it is at present. The flowers are of a rose-red, pro- duced in great profusion at this time of the year. Cuttings put in during the early part of the year and grown on in a compost of loam, leaf, and sand, make sturdy plants for decorative purposes at the present time. On account of their semi-erect habit they are suitable for growing in baskets. A few old plants pruned in after flowering, and kept growing on, are more useful than those propagated in the spring for cutting from. ThUNTIERGIA FltAGnAN'S. Of this there are two kinds, one answering to its specific name, the other which does not, has been named T. f. var. l.-evis. They are slender twiners, with dark foliage, bearing pure white flowers, and are particularly suited for covering walls or other places in the warm-house. It is in bloom more or less throughout the whole year. It propagates as readily as a piece of Willow ; pieces with two or three joints should be put into pots. Should it be required for covering a large space it should be planted out in a well-drained situation and given a compost of loam, leaf-mould, and sand. Seeds are produced somewhat freely, especially if assisted by pollinating the stigmas. Thundergia i-aurifglia (T. HARmsii). This plant may be grown, in pots, trained to stakes or on a wire balloon, but best of all trained on a trellis, or on the roof, where it can have ample room, and where it never fails to be a source of admiration. In small houses, where room cannot be afforded, it should be grown in pots. When planted out it should be somewhat confined at the roots, and this is best done by making a small brick partition for its reception: this tends to make it all the more floriferous. About the nodes on the youngrr growths there are a large number of small cup-shape secrotory glands, of which Mr. W. Gardiner, in one of his papers before the Cambridge Philosophical Society, says, " The secretion is of a watery nature, and possesses a slightly acid rt'action." Mr. Gardiner believes that the secretion serves to at tract ants, which, besides feeding upon it, also protect the thin young climbing shoots by attacking and destroying other creeping insects of alien races with whom they may meet in their passage np and down the stem. Many of these insects, such as cockroaches and caterpillars, are known to be very destructive to young buds. Mr Gardiner has been able to establish from actual observation of plants at Kew, that ants actually visit the hairs and feed upon the secretion. Similar hairs are found upon the calyx." Impatikns HoOKEniAXA. The blossoms of this species are equivalent to those of many an Orchid. The flowers are larg*^, whitn spotted, and marked upon the lower portion with crimson, dijubtless for the purpose of attracting insects to the mouth of the spur to partake of the nectar therein. The other day I noticed ants after the sweet juice, and one had got so far down the spur as to completely wedge itself in, clearly showing that the flower was never arranged for its accom- modation, but for some larger being who would bring about cross fertilisation in its endeavour to reach tlie nectar. This plant is now in flower in one of the new stoves of the Cambridge Botanic Gardens. LlNUM TETHAGVN'CM AND L. TRTGYKUM. These plants like many others are shown ofT to the best advantage when arranged in small groups of say from half-a-dozen to a dozen plants in a batch. The first named species bears fine truss-like heads of lemon-coloured flowers, its habit is somewhat stiff and strong, and does not make such neat plants as L. trigynum, but it should be more frequently met with than it generally is. The kind of treatment for the one is suited for the other save that L. tetragynum does not require so much stopping as trigynum. Cutting should be put in sometime during the spring months, they soon strike if kept in a close damp case and shaded from the rays of the sun. They should be potted on as soon as rooted, and as they root freely and are to be kept in pots — either 48's or 32 s — they should be put into some good strong yellow loam and sand with a little leaf-mould added. When the season is advanced enough they should be re- moved to the cool frame, or may even be plunged in the open ; but they are more likely to make better plants if kept under glass, where their wants can be better seen. The syringe should be brought into use two or three times a day when the weather is suitable, in order to keep down the pest that they are much subjected to, viz., red-spider. Abundance of air should be given them on all suitable occasions. An occasional top-dressing of Clay's Fertiliser and soot mixed together is a great assistance in keeping the foliage strong and healthy. They can be made to last in flower over a long period by keeping the main batch in an intermediate temperature, and introducing them to a warmer structure as needed. W, Harrow, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Colonial and Foreign. JAMAICA. Graftixg the Makgosteen. — It may be of interest to place on record the fact that the Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana, L.) has been successfully grafted on the Gamboge tree (Gar- cinia pictoria, Roxb.) at the Castleton Botanic Gardens. The Mangosteen fruited at Castleton for the first time in the latter part of 18S5. Only a few fruits were then produced, and none of them con- tained any seeds. By way of experiment the Man- gosteen and the Gamboge were grafted by the process known as inarching, or approach grafting. When the plants had been grafted a month we began to sever them from the parent tree : this was done very gradually, the cut being deepened a little each week, and at the end of three months tlie plants wore tak( n from the tree and it was found that union had per- fectly taken place. The tree has not proved fruitful at Castleton, but I think that is due mainly to the poorness of the soil, and when a little manure can be scraped together there are so many things in need of it that the larger plants like the Mangosteen, &c,, are generally overlooked. The Mangosteen undoubtedly requires good treatment. The true which fruited in 1^85 received a heavy dressing of manure about nine months previously, and it had several applications of liquid manure. The tree which is now fruiting .iwc.vx: ,">, 1880. TJIE GAB'DENEliS' CtIJ?ONICLE. 23 h;ul also ii heavy dressing of rich manure mixed with fresh soil about seven or eight months ago. The "Jew Plum'' (Spondias dulcis, I'orstJ is called Mangostceu in some parts of Jamaica, but this is an entirely different tree from Garcinia Man- gostana. fi'. Hun-is, in " Biiffcf in" of Jamaica liotauii-al JJeparim'Cnt, B.\N(JALOUE GoVEIiKMEKT GARDEN:-. The following summary of the report of the pro- gress of the Botanical Gardens at Bangalore, under the charge of Mr. Cameron, is of interest. It is, however, strange to see the C'aocho spoken of as a new introduction. The season of the year (,1SS7-8S) was on the whole favourable for gardening, and the expe- riments made with new and rare plants encouraging. The important botanical work of examining plants, naming them, and compiling as far as possible a correct list of tiie vernacular names of them is pro- gressing steadily. ]Mr. Cameron has received valuable assistance in this work from Jlr. M. A. Lawson, botanist to the Madras Government, and the thanks of theDarbar are due to this oHicer for his kind- ntss. The results of the experimental cultivation of food plants are very encouraging. New Potatos of various kinds imported from England and Scotland have yielded " most satisf.ictory '' results, aud the crop raised in the Palace Gardens was the " finest." The Sechiura edule or Chocho, is a new introduction from Tropical America. Under " fruit trees," very large varieties of Grape-vine, Apple, Apricot, Peach, and other English fruits have been planted with very encouraging results. The experiment of Date Palm cultivation is similarly hopeful. CULTIVATION OF USEFUL PLANTS IN HAINAN. iConchfied from p. 67S. vol. tv.) Sugar-cane. This plant c:in be grown on any ground, high or low, sandy or muddy. The beds are about 5 feet wide, and on each side of them room is left for an ox to walk. The plants are raised from the points of strong canes kept over from the previous year, aud these are placed in the ground sideways about the month of February, and in a few days a number of shoots start from the joints. Human manure is put in with the points at the time of setting. ^Vhen the shoots are about 14 inches long the sheath is cut off, and a hole made with a kind of trowel in the ground at the side of each plant, into which a quarter of a ground-nut cake is put ; an ox-plough is then used to throw up the ground at the sides of the beds, and, if ground-nut cake is used several times, this throwing up of the ground also takes place each time. By frequent manuring the canes become stiongpr. In the eighth and ninth seasons the canes are suthciently matured, and they are then cut down day by day as required for pressing, an end being left in the ground to prevent planting afresh in the following year. Sugar cannot be grown successfully on the same ground three years in succession, and ground-nuts are the best alternative crop for the third year. In the fourth year Sugar-cane can .be again planted. Another kind of Sugar-cane is cultivated at Kiungchow, known as the " Water Sugar-cane,"' from which sugar cannot be expressed, and which is only used for sucking. Of this sort there are two varieties, purple and green. The plants are raised in the same manner as ordinary Sugar-cane, and are fit for eating in three months after planting. Sweet Potatos (Ipoji-tia Batatas). These form the largest crops in Kiungchow, and can be planted at any time of the year, and in any soil except fine sand. They should not be planted deeply, and the ground should be loosely covered over them. Ox manure and wood ashes are used at the time of planting, and there is no necessity either for further manuring or watering. They mostly reach maturity in a hundred days, but one kind ia ready in sixty days. The natives use them for feeding pigs. Fields specially devoted to Sweet Potatos can be planted twice a year, but after the first crop it is necessary to wait till tlw; weeds appear, which must be ploughed up and left to rot for a month or morr, when tlie second crop can lie planted. If the second crop is planted immediately on top of the first tlie l*otatos are sure to rot. Sweet Potatos are gener- ally grown as an alternate crop, and are raised as follows :—" Healthy tub^s of last year's crop are jilanted, and these form shoots, which are allowed to grow about a foot long, and till they have six joints, when they are cut ofi", aud the original Potato is u.^eless. The shoots are then planted, three joints being put in the ground, and three left outside. Those outside produce leaves, and those in the ground Potatos." The average yield is about yOcwt. per acre. Watek Melons. Two kinds are described as being cultivated, one with large, and the other with small fruits, the latter being about the size of a large breakfast cup. The large fruits contain a quantity of edible pulp, for which they are valued, while the small ones yield only seeds, which are eaten at dessert. One crop of large Melons is produced each year, the seeds being sown in February. As the plants appear they are watered every evening at sunset with liquid manure. They flower about the end of April, and produce fruit from the end of Jlay to October or November. When the Melons are about the size of a breakfast cup, the weak ones are gathered aud sold for cooking as vegetables; only half are left to ripen. Two crops of the small Melons are gathered each year, namely, in June and September. A large variety of Pumpkins is also grown, tlie fruits of which are developed a month after the seeds are sown, and they continue bearing for four months. Various other vegetables can be successfully grown, and as many as six crops can be raised on the same ground each year. however, is really valuable, the trees which have been considered worthless can be profitably utilised. In the central and in the eastern parts of the States of Kentucky and Tennessee there are hundreds of square miles of rocky and sterile soil — Barrens, as tlu\se lands are known locally — covered almost entirely with Ked Cedars, which, if they can be l>rofitably manufactured into paper-pulp for this special purpose, will give a much greater value to these lands than they have ever been suspected of possessing. The Wood of Taxodium distichum.— It appears fronx a recent issue of the Sotiihcni Linnher- man, published in Nashville, that the soft, spongy wood of the knees, peculiar groJiths upon t!ie roots of the Southern Cypress (Taxodium distichum), is sometimes manufactured into razor-strops, which are pronounced more effective than the leather-covered, stiff strops in general use. It is necessary, however, to keep them protected from dust, which adheres readily to the softwood, and soon becomes embedded in the grain, ruining it for this purpose. Garden and Forest. Variorum. Cottage Gardens— (in Col. Tomlin's estate .it Orwell Park, near Ipswich, tlie following fruit trees are grown for tlie benefit of the cottagers on the estate, viz., W.ilnut trees, one to each garden ; A'ictoria Plums, Hawthornden and Keswick Codlin Apples. It would be well if this example were generally followed, and that the prizes at local hor- ticultural shows should, as we believe is the case at Grantham, consists of a selection of the kinds of trees, bulbs, seeds, &c , best adapted to the require- ments of particular situations. Wood of the Red Cedar.— From a note m the Knglish Mechanic and World of Science, it appears that the paper manufactured from the wood of the Red Cedar (.Tunlperns virgini.in.%) has been found useful for underlaying carpets, and for wrapping wool, furs, and other articles liable to be injured by moths, which are driven away bv the peculiar odour of this wood. The wood from which this paper has been made has been the wa«te of pencil factories ; but if it ia found to possess the value which is attri- buted to it, the establishment of pulp mills in parts of this country where the lied Cedar abounds will, no doubt, prove an exceedingly profitable enterprise. The Red Cedar is the most widely distributed of North American trees. It is found growing, often in great abundance, from Canada to Texas, and from the shores of the Atlantic to those of the Pacific. In some parts of the country, especially in Florida, where the best pencil wood has been procured, and along the valley of the Ked River in Texas, it grows to a large size, with tall, straight trunks, which yield straight-grained lumber of high quality. More often the trunks of the trees are short, often contorted, and filled with knots, and, therefore, unfit to manufacture into lumber, and up to this time have been of very little value, except for fence- posts and inferior railway-ties. If Cedar paper, ©ftttuarg. Viscount EVERSLEY.~We regret to have fo announce the death of Lord Kversley, on the 26th ult., at the patriarchal age of ninety-five. lie died at Heckfield, the place he loved so well, and where, we believe, he v,as born. As a public man Lord Eversley was best known as a former Speaker of the House of Commons — a post which he held with dignity and ini_)iirtiality from 1839 to IS57, and on his retirement received the reward due to such distinguished services. But it is with the deceased nobleman as a gardener, rather than asapublicman, that we have to deal, and few men occupying a similar position in society were more devoted gardeners than he. It was not merely that he had much gardening knowledge, he loved garden- ing, and that very love also promoted in him a won- derfully deep attachment for his beautiful Inme at Heckfield. Never was he so happy as when there ; always loth to leave it— always delighted when he could return to it. Towards his well-known gar- dener, Mr. Wildsmith, he was much less an em- ployer than a friend, and there had grown up betv/een these two, though so widely differing in social status, a kindliness of feeling far too seldom met with under similar circumstances. When Mr. Wildsmith met with an unfortunate accident, some years since, Lord Eveisley's concern was of the most marked character, and he felt the misfortune to his gar- dener as deeply as any one. Only gentlemen animated by deep love for their gardens would have similar anxiety for a gardener's welfare. In all the various alterations and extensions which have been carried out at Heckfield, whether large or small, all tending to improve and enlarge the gardens, Lord Eversley showed the liveliest interest — in fact, the beautiful gardens were his delight. The deceased Viscount was a Fellow of the Koyal Horticultural Society, and probably one of its oldest members. He was a liberal supporter of the local societies in his own district, and entered into the competitions in which Heckfield was concerned with all the zest of an enthusiastic gardener. It may be stated that a pure white break from Chysanthemum Princess Teck, raised at Heckfield, and which bids fair to make one of the most useful as well as popular of market varieties, worthily commemorates the late noble lord in the Chry-san- theraum world. Heckfield, we have been informed, passes into the hands of Miss Shaw-Lefevre, a very hearty though now aged lady, for her life, after which it will pass into the possession of Mr. G. Shaw-Lefevre, M.P. for Bradford, the late Viscount's nephew. Lord. Eversley having no sons the title thus becomes extinct. Miss Shaw-Lefevre is happily devotedly attached to Heckfied, and we trust that Mr. Wildsmith 's association wsth it will yet long continue. 24 THE GARDENEHS' chbonicle. [.Ian-1-aby 5, Iwn. The Weather. [Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. tor the period named, and is expressed in Day- degree — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Accumulated, Sn Sd Above or g s s^ DISTBI0T8. below the '^^ *">! Mean for S, Si &s aa.,- is" the week ending > a> o « S,g2 •3 a a Dec. 24. ^- 1- li la Principal Wheat pro- Day- Day- Day- Day- ducing Districts. deg. deg. deg. deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 5 above 25 8 — 178 + 103 1. Scotland, E. ... 5 above 12 24 — 397 + 26 2. England, N.E. ... 3 above 8 21 — 449 — 50 3. England. E. ... 3 above 13 24 — 313 + 93 4. Midland Cos. ... 4 above H 14 - 389 + 67 5. England, S. 5 above 23 4 — 370 + 111 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 5 above 25 6 - 289 + 44 7. England, N.W.... 3 above 25 6 — £91 + 18 8. England, S.W.... 4 above 33 1 — 408 + 205 9. Ireland, N. 2 above 23 8 — 207 - 62 10. Ireland, S. 3 above 32 8 - 174 + 13 — Channel Islands 3 above 43 0 — 204 + ia6 Raistall. Bright Sunshine. DlSTBIOTfl. h. 1.- d S ^ d hi is: ""5 2 & 1 Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch, Ins. 0. Scotland, N. ... 5 less 236 4>.6 9 27 1. Scotland, E. ... 0 (aver.) 204 30.3 7 28 2. England. N.E. ... 3 less 182 25.4 8 26 3. England, E. ... 0 (aver.) J 83 24.4 13 29 4. Midland Cos. ... I less 173 25.7 7 27 6 England, S. 0 (aver.) 180 27.8 13 28 Principal Grazing, &c. , Districts. 6. Scotland. W. ... 2 less 195 46.5 5 29 7. England, N.W.... 4 less 195 30.5 3 27 8. England, S.W.... 4 above 203 38.0 6 33 9. Ireland, N. 3 more 210 36.3 11 27 10. Ireland, S. IB more 193 39.4 16 32 — Channel Islands 2 less 222 30.6 20 39 THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending Dec. 31, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather continued unsettled and rainy during the earlier part of the period, but subsequently became dry and fair — at first in the west and north, and afterwards in the south and east. At the end of the period, however, the conditions had again become rainy on our western and northern coasts. Thick fogs were experienced in some parts of England on the yist, especially in the metropolis. " The temperature was generally above the mean during the first part of the period, but towards its close it decreased rapidly so that the average values for the week have been from 1° to 3° below the normal in all districts except ' England, S.,' and the •Channellslands." The highest of the maxima were re- corded in most places on the 27th, when they ranged from 45° in ' Scotland, N.,' to 53° in ' England, " S'W.,'' and 54^ in the ' Channel Islands.' On the olst the maximum in London and at Cheadle and Strathfield Turgiss was only .32°, while at Oxford it was as low as 2U°. The absolute minima, which were generally registered either on the 30th or Slst, varied from 10° to 18° in Scotland, from 11)° to 25° in England, and from 20° to 21'^ in Ireland. In the * Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 38°. " The rainfall has been rather more than the mean in most districts. In the 'Midland Counties' the excess has been considerable. ''Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than of late. The percentage of the possible amount of duration has, however, still been rather low, having ranged from 11 in ' Scotand, N,,' to 23 in 'Eng- land, N.E.,' and ' Ireland, N..' to 27 in ' Ireland, S ,' and to 32 in ' England, S.W.' " Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] lARKETS. Temperature. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Dec. 31. Accumulated. DISTRICTS. 1^ li « S 1 O)^ li SB a^ = B Principal Wheat^pro- ducing Districts. „ Day- deg. Day deg. Day- deg. D.y- dfig. 0. Scotland, N. ... 3 below 0 4j - 1.86 + 117 1. Scotland. E. ... 3 below 0 65 — 405 + 40 2. England. N.E.... 2 below 0 41 - 457 — 43 3. England. E. ... 1 below 5 40 — 314 + 100 4. Midland Cos. ... 2 below 0 38 — 398 + 70 5. England, S. 1 above 9 27 1— 376 + 113 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts . I 6. Scotland. W. ... 2 below 0 37 |— 30l[- 31 7. England,N.W.... 3 below 0 .33 - 305 + 23 8. England, S.W. ... 2 below 10 33 — 423 + 223 9. Ireland, N. 3 below 3 34 - 219 — 50 10. Ireland. S. 3 below ID 38 '— 185|+ 32 — Chajtnel Islands 1 above 29 0 - 203 + 122 Bainfall. EaiGHT SUNSHIKt. Districts. 1 i- O _ d A o5 fig- Principal Wheat-pro- during Districts. Tenths of Inch. lus. 0. Scotland, N. ... 3 more 243 43.7 11 26 1. Scotland, E. ... 4 less 208 30.7 21 28 2. England, N.E. ... 1 more 187 26.1 23 36 3. England, E. ... 1 less 188 24.8 18 39 4. Midland Cos. ... 6 more 175 26.9 17 27 6. England, S. ... 1 more 184 28.6 17 28 Principal Grazing, &c.. Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 5 'eS3 200 47.0 18 39 7. England, N.W.... 1 more 200 31.4 18 37 8. England, S.W.... 0 (aver.) 208 39.1 33 33 9. Ireland, N. 4 more 217 37.4 23 27 10. Ireland, S. 0 (aver.) 197 41.4 27 31 — ChannelIslands 5 more 228 3.'.0 lil 39 Botanical Notes on Common Plants Growing in Jamaica.— The Inspector of Schools requires that students in training colleges should prepare for examination in botany, the chapters re- ferring to this subject in Paul Bkkt's Fir.-^t Year of Scientific Knowtrdge, and should be able to describe thirty plants commonly found in Jamaica. . CO J^NT GAEDEN, January 3, [We canp it accept any eilitorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the li.st, and who are responsible for the quotation.-*. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be takea aa guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Market still very quiet, with heavy supplies, Canadian Apples lower. Jaynes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. ■Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-30 Lemons, per case ...12 0-31 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Fruit.- Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 6 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 5 0- 12 0 Cobs, 1001b. ...100 0-110 0 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Asparagus, English, per lao 0 0- ,.. — French, bundle 0 8- ... Beans, Jersey and French, per lb. ... 1 6- ... Beet, red. per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... 16-20 1 0- ... 0- ... Celery, per bundle Cucumbers, each Endive, per dozen GreenMint, bunch... 1 0- Herbs. per bunch ... 0 6- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... Potatos. — Beauty of Hebron, s. d. s. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 8- ... Peas, French, per lb. 1 0- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 8 0 — kidney, per cwt. 4 0-60 — new French, lb. 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, perbushel... 4 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- ... Turnips, per bunch. new 0 £- ... IS. to 100s. : Imperators. 70s. and to 90s. ; Dunbar Regents. 110s.; do. Magnums, 120s. York Magnums, 100s. per ton. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Alalia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Chrysanthems., doz. 4 — large plants, each 2 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Draciena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz.l2 Erica hymalis, doz. -.12 — caffra, dozen ... 6 — gracilis, dozen... 8 Euonymus, in var.. per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Cut Flowers.— s. Abutillons, 13 bun.... 3 ArumLilies,12blooms 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardiaa, per bun. 0 Camellias, lli blms. 3 Carnations. 12 blms. 2 Christmas Roses, 12 blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 4 Eucharis, per dozen 3 gardenias. 12 blooms 12 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Koman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr., bun. b Lily-of-Viil., 12 spr. 0 d. s. d. 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-9 0 0-4 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 s. d. s. d. Epiphyllums, doz. ...18 0-30 0 lierns. In var.. doz. 4 0-18 0 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 3 0-10 0 Ficus elastica. each .16-70 Hyacinths, dozen ... 9 0-12 0 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 0 Lily-of-Val.,doz. pts.l8 0-30 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var.. each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Poinsettias, dozen ... 9 0-I.t 0 Primulas, pi^p dozen 4 0- 6 U Solanums. dozen ... 9 0-15 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0-90 ■Average Wholesale Prices, d. s. d. s. 0-6 0 Marguerites. 12 bun.' 3 U- 8 0 Mignonette. 13 bun. 2 9-10 Narcis., paper-white, 9- 1 6 (French), 13 bun... 3 0-6 0 — double. 12 bun... 3 0-3 0 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-16 Poinsettias, doz. ... 4 Primulas. dbl..|12 8p. 1 6- 3 0 I Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 0-12 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 0- 6 0 I — red,perdozen ... 1 0-15 0 — Safrano. dozen... 2 6-10 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 12 I Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 0-16 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 1 0-2 0 Violets, 12 bunches... 1 0-70' — dark, Fr., bunch 1 9-16 — Parme, Fr., bim. 6 d. s. d. 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-4 0 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-0 0 0- 1 « 0-4 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 0-15 0 6- 3 0 0- 1 B 0- 1 6 6- 3 0 0- 7 6 SEEDS. London: Jan. 2. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write that the trade for farm seeds exliibits a strong under- tone for the time of year, and a fair speculative business has been taking place. The most favoured article is still red Clover-seed, several parcels of which have changed hands at full prices. French and American markets for this article are advancing. There is no change in either Alsike, white or Tre- foil. For bird-seeds the sale, as is usual at the turn, of the year, is slow. Teas and Haricots realise former terms. Linseed is hardening. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : Jan. 2 — Very good supplies of all kinds of greenstutl's. Trade exceedingly quiet. Quotations : — American Apples, 8s. to 125. 6d. per barrel ; English do., 35. to bs. per bushel ; do., \s. 6rf< Jastarv 5, 1889.] THE OARDENEBS' CIIBONIGLE. 25 to 2^. 6i^. per half-bushel; Pears, '2s. tW. to 55. per bushel; Savoys, 2s. to '2s. 'od. per tally; Cabbages, \s. to 25. do. ; Guernsey Broccoli, \s. to I5. 3rf. per dozen ; Guernsey Cauliflowers, \s. to \s. 6rf. do. ; Spinach, tW to \$, per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. firf. to '2s, Sd. per half-sieve ; Seakale, Is. to Is. 3d. per punnet ; forced Rhubarb, I5. Gd. to 25. per dozen bundles; Parsnips, Gd. to Sd.. per score; Greens, 'Ss. to 45. per tally ; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 25. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to Is. 9d. do. ; Parsley, os. to 4^. Gd. do. ; Beetroots, Sd. to 9rf. per dozen ; Celery, (>s. to 125. per dozen bundles ; Horse- radish, lOd. to Is. '2d. per bundle ; English Onions, 4s. 3d. to 45. 9d. per cwt. ; Dutch do., 2s. Gd. to 2s. 0(/. per bag ; Belgian do., 25. Gd. to 25. Od. do. ; pickling do. 45. to 45. Gd. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen ; Carrots, 26s. to 325. per ton. Stratford: Jan. 1. — The market has been well supplied with all kinds of produce during the past week, and with a good attendance of buyers a brisk trade was done at the undermentioned quotations : — Cabbages. 2s. to 35, per tally ; Savoys, 25, Gd. to 3s. do. ; Greens, 5s. to Gs. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, household, 255. to 35s. per ton; do, cattle feeding, 20s. to 225. do. ; Mangels, ITs. to 205. do.; Swedes, 155. to ITs. do, ; English Onions, DOs. to 115s. do.; Dutch, 35. Gd. to 4s. per bag. ; do. German, 45. 9c?. to OS. Gd. do. ; Apples, English, 25. to 5s. per bushel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Celery, Gd. to Is. doz. rolls ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s, Gd. per bushel ; Carrots, 2s. to 3s, do. CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ended December 29 : — Wheat, 30s. Id. ; Barley, 26s. lOrf, ; Oats, 16s. 3d. For the corresponding week in 1887 : — Wheat, 30s. ^d. ; Barley. 295. 5d. ; Oats. 16s. Id. POTATOS. BoBODGH AND SpiTALFiELDS : Jan. 1.— SuppHes are light, and the trade quiet, foggy weather and holiday influences still having efl!"ect. — Regents, Scotch, 80s. tol255. ; English, 60s. to 90s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to UOs. ; Magnum Bonums, 6O5. to 120s. per ton. Spitalfields : Jaii. 2. — Quotations : — Champions, 62s. to 65s. ; Regents, 80s. to 955. ; Imperators, 65s. to 8O5. ; Magnums, 60s. to 85s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 70s. to 85s. per ton. Stratfohd : Jan. 1. — Quotations: — Scotch Regents, 85s. to lOos. ; Magnums, do., 70s. to llOs. ; English, do., 6O5. to 80s. ; Germans, 40s. to 105s, per ton. Imports : — The imports into London last week consited of 1998 bags from Hamburgh, 1769 from Riga, 1300 from Stettin. 22 barrels from New York, 16 baskets from Rotterdam. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets daring the past week : — Clover, old, prime, 120s. to 145s. ; good second, 80s. to 110s. ; inferior, 45s. to 75s. ; prime meadow hay, 120s, to 1305. ; good new hay, 6O5. to 100s.: inferior, 40s. to 70s.; old straw, 425. to 495. ; new, 295. to 425. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters relating to Advebtisestents, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and that all communications intended for publica- tion, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as pos- sible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the paragraphs they wish the Editor to see. Creepers on House-wall: JD. W. The landlord has the power to prevent their removal. Trade stock only may be removed, except by arrangement with the owner of the land. Peach Borders, &c. : J. H. We believe the sub- stance to be moss litter. We do not think the sulphur would do material injury to the roots, but, nevertheless, we should remove it as soon as pos- sible. Read Plant Life (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co), which deals with both the subjects you name ; or the articles on Chemistry and Physiology in Cassell's Popular Gardening, now in course of publication. Garden Wall : A. W. The thickness of a wall 8 feet in height need not to exceed one brick lengthwise if flat pilasters are erected at every 20 feet ; and for this 09 bricks will be required per superflcial square yard. The cost ot building, when all materials are found, would be afforded by any respectable builder in your neighbourhood. The best and cheapest copings for garden walls in your district would be either moulded bricks made in the locality, or at the Norwood Junction Pot- tery ; or the blue coping slabs made in Stafford- shire, Copings should always be set in cement, to exclude moisture. Names of Fruit . Ernest Town-send. Your Apple is Apam's Pearmain. — J. H. J. 1, Grange's Pear- main ; 4, Fearn's Pippin ; 39, Colonel Vaughan ; 26, Mank's Codlin ; 7, Nonsuch ; 5, Court of Wick ; 9, rotten. Names of Plants: Constant Header. Eranthenium pulchellum.— Jr.P. J. Lrelia anceps, a pretty form, but not to be varietally distinguished. — E. B. You should send better specimens. 1, Eupatorium salicifolium ; 2, probably Lasiandra macrantha, but we cannot be certain from so bad a specimen, and without flowers ; 3, Acacia armata ; 4, Pteris tremula,— G^. H. G. Thank you for the excellent specimens you send. If all who sent plants for naming sent as good samples, our difliculties would be much lessened, 1,. Pteris cretica albo- lineata; 2, Adiantum formosum ; 3, Pteris serru- lata; 4, Asplenium flaccidum ; 5, Ligustrum lucidum ; 6, Euonyraus radicans variegatus. Starry Puffball: F. W. B. We take the greater to be one of the forms of G. striatus : the striato- sulcate mouth is characteristic. It is a variable plant, and there may be more than one species described under the name. See Gardeners" Chronicle, 1873, p. 469, fig. 88. Seeds : T. H. The Melon seeds, if they have not been kept in too warm a place, may still be capable of germinating. The other seeds are Beans of some kind, and will have lost their vitality probably. Vines : i?. H. B. It is a root trouble, and as the roots have wandered very wide of the border during the thirty years of their existence, it is but little use trying remedial measures. Grub them up and make a new border of sweet, sound, material, planting healthy young canes in May. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. HoGo & Wood, Coldstream and Dunse, Scotland — Nursery Stock. Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin- burgh, N.B. — Garden Seeds, Implements, &c. Ireland & Thomson, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Seeds and Hybrid Gladioli. Dickson, Brown & Tait, 43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Charles Sharpe & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire — Garden and Farm Seeds. H. AND F. Sharpe, Wisbech, Cambridgeshire — Gar- den and Agricultural Seeds (Wholesale). United States Nurseries, Short Hills, N.J., U.S.A. — New Chrysanthemum Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. DicKSONs (Limited), Chester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. E. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge — Spring Catalogue for 1889. J. R. Box, East Surrey Seed Warehouse, Croydon — Begonias. CoMMFNiCATioss Received.— D. M. (with thanks).— J. H. B. — E.C— J, B.—L. L., Brussels.— H., Copenhagen. —W. H. R. , Southampton. — Dr. S., Cooper's HilJ. — S. & Sons, Reading. — J. V, Si. Sons.-T. W,— G. H.— J. H.— C. T. & Co.— J. H, & Co, — W. D.— J. Jdo. F.— W. H. T.— I. J. W.— G. Hanson.— M. C.—V7. K,— R. A. R.— W. B.— Visitor.— R. J. W. (next week. — A. Allen (unless you give good reasons for wanting the address it cannot be sent).- O. H,— J. V. F.— G. G.— J, B,— J. C— W. B.— W. E,— L. C. J.— Emigrant's Informa- tion Office.— W. H.— J. B. W.— W. Chitty. ^" Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking qitestions demanding time and research, for their solution, miist not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. w. H. LASCELLES & co., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDOH. E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. OR SALE, Cheap, 8000 OAKS, 10 to 15 feet 30s. per 100; 70j CHESTNUTS. 10 to 1.5 feet, 35s per 100. Apply to THOS. HEDLEY, The Gardens, Putteridge Park. Luton. Beds. ^\Vf GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; T T • best value and cheapest house in the Trade, The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1838. LILIUM AUR.4TUM, Imported Bulbs. 6(f.. 0rf.. Is.. U. 6rf. each; 3.5s., 45s., 70s., 90s, per 100. Home-grown bulbs, 9d., Is., Is. 6d., 2s. each. Special Trade quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES. Silver Banksian Medal. ,. TREE PEONIES. 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. LEARANCE SALE (at sacrifice) of PALMS, DRACENAS, &c. LATANIA BORBONICA and PHCENDC RECLmATA. 12 inches high, 4s. per dozen, 30s. per 100. Package and carriage free. LATANIA BORBONICA, SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS. CORY- PHA AUSTRALIS, and PHCENIX RECLINATA, 20 to 24 inches high. Is. &d. each, 16s. per dozen ; same kinds, 2 feet 6 to 3 feet high, 3s. to 5s. each. Handsome PAXMS, 4 feet high, 18s. each. ,, „ 6 feet high, 405. each. Twelve assorted PALMS and DRAC^NAS, averaging, with pots, 24 inches high, in wood case, free, 18s. ; six do., 10s. KENTIAS, 3s. to 21s. each. DRAC^NAS, 24 inches to 5 feet high, 2s, to 40s. each. Inspection invited. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, N. 0 COMPETITORS. — BOBBIE'S 22iS ANNUAL CATALOGUE and COMPETITOR'S GUIDE is now ready, and will be forwarded Gratis and Post-free to all applicants. It extends to 128 pages of closely printed matter, and is undoubtedly the most useful and pract cal handbook for competitors and general growers that is pub- lished. Besiiles full Cultural Directions, it contains Descriptive Lists of all the be'^t Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Pansiea, Violas, Dahlias, Roses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Pelar- goniums, Fuchsias. &o. Before ordering elsewhere, send for a copy. DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers and Florists, Rothesay. Scotland. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OTJTDOOK WORK, CONSEBVATOBEES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Statlona Liquid Non-Poisonoua PainLS for Inside of Conservatories, Ao, Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free, LA BELLB 8ADVA0B YARD, LDDOATE HUL, B.O. BACHELOR'S WALK. DtTBLIN.— CtJMunt far Cash. 26 THE GABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [jAsrARv 5, 1839. LITTLE ^BALLANTYNE, NURSERYMEN A^'D SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN, AND H.E.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES CARLISLE, Have the pleasure to announce tliat their De-^criptive SEED CATAXOGUE for 18S9 is now published, and will be posted free to any address, on applicdtion. It contains ; — VEGETABLE SEEDS— of superior and eoleoted Blocks, FLOWER SEEDS— from Prize Strains. EED POTATOS— specially growu for seed ou uew land. Collections of the above ftom 58. to £5 6s. EVERY REQUIHEMEST FOR THE GARDEN. All Orders over 5s, Carriage Paid. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on applicatiou.— KICHAED SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. OSES — ROSES — ROSES.— 50,000 Dwarf H.P.'s. all best leading varieties, 20s. per 100. MARECHAL NIELS, ISs. per dozen. GLOIRE DE DIJONS, 9s. per dozen. All splendid stuff. Cash with order. C. H. GORRINGE, Roselands Nursery, and 75, Terminus Road, Eastbourne. RCHIDS a SPECIALTY.— See New Inter- leaved CATALOGUE, post-free on application. FRED HORSMAN and CO.. Colchester. o To the Trade. COOPER TABER and CO. (Limited) have Posted their General Wholesale CATALOGUE to all their Customers. If uot received another Copy will be seut on application, tlO, Southwark Street, London, S.E. SANKEY'S " MARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best "Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3-in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3^-iD. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five size3, 3 in., 3J in., 4 in., 4^- in., and 4^ in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to 1^ inches deeper than uHual, very strong and muchlighterin weight — the very pot for Market Growers ; great economyin room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AXD SON, Buhvell Potteries, Nottingham. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8b, 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12 x 10, 18 x 12, 18 x 14, 24 X 14, 14X12, 20X12, 18X16, 24x16, 128. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, &o. Putty, %s. 6rf. percwt.; White Lead, genuine, 21s,; Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil. Stone Ochre, 20s.; Oxford Ochre, 24s.; Green, 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt, ; Varnish, from bs. 6d. pyr gal. — Full Price I,ist on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 95, Bishopsgate Street Within, London. E.C. PASCOE'S CELEBRATED " DIAMOND " ANTHRACITE HORTICULTURAL COAL. Specially adapted for Hothou?es, as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society ; Mr. E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishops Waltham ; Mr. C. Dorman, The Firs. Sydenham; Mr. AV. Cobb, Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham ; and Egerton Harding., Esq., Old Springs, ^larket Drayton ; and other .Gentlemen's Gardens. See reports in Journal of Horticulture for May, pp. 372 and .'3Ul*. Prices quoted, delivered at all available Railway Stations, and SAMPLE BAG SENT FREE OP COST. T. T. PASCOE, COLLIERY OFFICE, SWANSEA. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &,C. SEND FOR PRICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3jd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 5:; fifty, 10s.; and one hundred, SOs. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, ■W.C. AVEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR IS THE PRINCE OF BOILERS. It lias the longest record of any Iloi-watcr Boiler cxiuni. It lias Hollow Furnace Bars, tvliich last 11 i/ears lonr/cr than solid ones, and add 20 per cent, of jmwer. It has facilities for hcinr/ eauily repaired. It has jneans of removing sediment. It has proved a real loon to Gardeners. It has been a source of profit to onploijers. A 10 years' conditional guarantee given with every Patent Duplex Upright Tubular Boiler when fixed by J. Weeks & Co. Pbice list and pakticclars fbee o.v api'lication to J. WEEKS & CO., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS, &c., KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Jantabt 5, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 27 THOMAS GREEN & SON. Limited, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLAGKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, call Special Attention to their Patent Wrought-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS. CAnni C DHII CDO With WATERWAY HACKS niul WELDED BOILERS, any uf «!iiLli nre specially ndiipted for Heuling Greenhoiisps. Coiis.>i-viitonc«, Cliurches, Chapels, OAUULC DUILCnOf SL-hooU. I'nMic HuiKliups, Eiitrnme Halls, Wart-houso?. Work-^lioiis, &c. They are the noatost, cheapest, most effective, iin5timony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hofc-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings. The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying iu size from Ij in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections. &c. The several offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump- tioQ of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON, Borough Engineer. Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November lOtk, 1886. Gentlemen,— The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5.000 feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers. I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel. Messrs.. THOS GREEN asd SON, Ltd.. LEEDS. Yourn faithfully, (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD. AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REQUIRED. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. Feom To W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Strert, Steakd, LONDON, W.C. Phase send me "Thb Gardeners' Chronicle" for commencing , for which I enclose P. 0.0. 1889. Months, Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this OMce must be paid for in advance. ^^ THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, los. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9d. ; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCKIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. t>d. Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P. 0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Oteguet should be crossed " DRVMMOND." G. C, Jan. S, 1889. 28 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jAsrAny 5, 1889. GARDEN REQUISITES. Ttto Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (AU sacks iDciuded.) PEAT, best brown tibroua ... 5s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selpcted Orchid 8s. 6rf. „ 6 sacks for 4i3s L0A:\I. prepared COMPOST Us. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOUXD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6rf. per bush., 14s. half-ton. 24s. ton RAFFIA FIERE, best only u. per lb TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb.. 21$ SPHAGXUM MOSS. aU selected, 3s. per bush., gs. per sack. CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-1 In Baqs. TILIZER (the Best Food for ( - a ^ all kinds of Plants. Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt. Fruits. Vegetables. &c. ...J 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VmGLN CORK (Best Quality ODly) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO. NITRATE of SODA. HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapestand best Bedding for Horses and Cattle. £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultry Pens. Rabbits. &c., in Sacks. ls.6rf. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process;, sacks. Is. 4//. each; lUsacks. li^s. 6d.; losacks. 17s.6Qf.; 20sack9, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 2As. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks. 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G.. special (juality granulated in sacks only. 2s. 6rf. each SPECIAL IMANURE5. for Farmers, Agriculturists. Market Gardeners, an^l others (concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S " PRODUCTIVE " MANURE, iu bags. £3 per ton (bags included); siimple 1 cwt. bag, 4s., producing extra- ordinary rc-iilts. :iiiiJ xMirth four or five times the actual cost. Try it ag;iiii>t auv olh'T imnjiire. no mutl'T what price. CHUBB'S " COMPOUND, SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags, £2 per ton (bags included; ; sample 1 cwt. bag. 3s., made principally (by special process) from LODd''." Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash u-tth order. Bankers. Union Bank of London. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL. LOWDOM, E. BONES!-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed BoDeg in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting, Grass Lands. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES and FEKTILIZEES for all purposes. For Prices, apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Umlted), GAKRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W. RCHID PEAT, best quality^ BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants. CULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A O certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. The Duly kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Pota.s9ium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AXD CO.(Limited), 9,Bull Ring,Birmingham. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSENandCO.. (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS. HEATHS. AZALEAS. &c. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of fir^t-class rjuality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples. Price List and Testimonials. Dep6t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I I> E'S BKDFOEDSHIRE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- eihaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordmarycost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price tree on Rail or Canal. AU Orders cxecvled. with the utimst promptness arn/ int.trr personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates ill force to all parts. GEO. GARSIDE. Jun., F.R.H.8., Leighton Buzzard, Beds. PEAT for ORCHIDS, AZALEAS, HEATHS. FERNS, RHODODENDRONS, Slc The Best In the World. A. .lOHNSON ANP CO.. a.-H, Le.adenhall Street, London, E.C. ff™"^''^';"';;'"''' ""''"='"'"' °''^>'™»''f'"s<''"'Olicitf'l)from large Orchid Growers, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by .;„„• . 1, "^ '■L'" "'^''?'">>«y ha re ever used. Samples c.i n be seen at above address, or forwarded on application fre« of charge. BEESON'S MANURE, — The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. "Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins. Is., 2s. 6d.. 5s. 6d., and lOs. 6rf. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDL Is superseding the use of other Insecticides. Used by nearly all the Leading Gardeners. 1 Gallon, 9s.; ^ Gallon. 5s.; 1 Quart, 3s. 6rf. ; 1 Pint, 2s. TestiD3onial.s and full particulars upon application. J. BENTLEY, Chemical Works, Barrow-on-Humber, Hull. HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an insecticide, it kills effectually all parasites aud insects whii^h infest plants whether at the roots or on the foliage, without injuf>' to tender plants— such as ferns, etc., if used as directed. Used as a WASII it imparts the fjloss and lustre to the foUa^e which is so desirable on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without it! It makes a silky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action; kills fleas, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be without it I Used with ordinary household soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTANT, BLEACHER, & CLEANER OF FABRICS. It kills insect life on man, animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, wherever parasites may appear. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d. & 4s. Gd. ; ^ gallon 7s. 6d,,l gallon 12s. 6d., or less in larger quantities, A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISIDE, its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. ■Wholesalf. from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK— RoLKBB & Sons. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew, Thrips. Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is,. 3s., and 10s. Gd, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes. 6d. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. To Nurserymen. Seed MercHanta. and Florists^ J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags. Raffia Fibre. Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, F,.C, ^^ iJASTbOYD & SONS, " [y*\ PAISLEY. iMIMa HORTICULTURAL ' ^ STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron. or both combined. Wooden Chapels. Shooting Lodges. Cottages, Tennis Courts. Verandahs, &c. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Churches, Schools. Public Buildings. Mansions, Harne?.9 Rooms. Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. flhistrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. Horticultural Builders and Heating Engineers. IRON AND WIRE ESPALIER. BAVXISfl.' JONES. & BAYLIBS, WOLVERHAMPTON. London OfTici and Show Room?. 139 & 141. Oakko\ St., K.O. PORTABLE plant FRAMES. The above are without exception the moat useful kind of Frame for Plant Growing, and every one ^ith a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any Btation in England, ready glazed and painted : — 6 feet long, 4 feet wide, packing caaea free £2 15 0 12 feet long, 4 feet wide 4 IS 0 6 feet long, 5 feet wide 3 15 0 12 feet long, 5 feet wide 6 10 0 The glass is nailed and puttied in. B. HAIiLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, EOTAl HOETICUITURAI, WORKS, MTDDLETON, MANCHESTER. London Aj$ent : Mr. H. SEELTON, Seedsman, ftc, 2, Holloway Road, N. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest JIanufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE. W.C. SANKEY'ri "MARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best " Garden Pot " for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3^ in. pot. thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in.. 4 in.. 4^ in., and 4 J in, ; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to IJ in. deeper than usual, very strong and much lighter in Height — the v^ry pot for Market Growers; great economv inroomnnd weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AXD SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. FOR SALE, a Slow-combustion Greenhouse STOP'S. Porlway's. Will heat 120 feet of 4-inch pipe, quite new. Price £2 10s. ; cost £.5 ; and will be sent free to any railway station. Apply to THOMAS CRIPI'S iND SON, TunbridgeWells Nurseries. Kent. THE LOUGHBOROUGH GREENHOUSE HOT-WATER APPARATUS. This is the simplest, cheapest, aud most powerful apparatus made. It requires no brick setting, no stoke- hole, and no hot^water 'fitter for fixing. The Boiler stands in the front only bt-ing outside, ^othatthewholeof theheat from the Boiler itself is utilised. It bums over twelve hourswithout attention, at a nominal cost- Price, as engraving, with Boiler, open feed syphon, i:ift. of 4-inch hot-water pipe, and patent joints, complete, d£4 4s, Delivered free to any station. Discount for cash. Cost of apparatus complete for Greenhouses as below, delivered free, with pipes cut and fitted ready for fixing, ft. ft. £. s. d. I ft. ft. £ s. d.\ ft. "ft. £, .1. rf. 10 X «... 4 14 0 lo X 9... 5 10 8 25x13... 6 itf R 12 X 8... 5 1 0 I 20X10... 6 0 0 | 40 x 16 ... 12 12 4 Proportionate prices for other si/es. Estimates free. Illustrated List, with full particulars of these and every description of Fuel, Gas, and Oil Heating Stoves free. DEANE & CO. HilRTlCULTl'HAL BUILPKRS AND Hi>T-WATEn RXGINKER-S, 46a, King William Street J LONDON BRIDGE. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS! FR G DOMO'^ rnicTcSt-TP ■ ■^ T^«T.c mad REGISTER TRADE MARK IFOR PRICE LIST A. PARTICULARS ADDRESS- Di/KE S^- &J London B/^fOGE Jancahy 5, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE. 29 GROMPTON & FAWKES, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, CHELMSFORD, NEW BOOK of Photo-Litho- grnphed Sketches of Winter Oar- lieiia, lijiiige3 or Hothouses, Viuer- tes, ArL'tiitectural Coiiservatoriea, &c., of varioud Designs and Sizes, recently coiiiitructed, erected, fitted, and heated complete by us in differ- ent parts of the country ; with par- ticulars of the most succejssful Hot- water Heating Apparatus of the century. Pos^free on application. % ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S ROYAL IRISH DAMASK TABLE LINEN. FISH NAPKINS. 2s. \\d. per dozen. DINNER NAPKINS. 55. 6'^- per dozen. TABLECLOTHS. 2 yds.square. 2s. llrf.; 2i- yards bv 3 yards, 6s. Wd. each. ROYAL IRISH LINEN SHEETING. Fully Bleached, 2 yds. widn. Is. \\d. per yard ; 2^ yards wide. 2s. 4J'/. per yarii(tlie most durable article made). SURPLICE LINEN, Id. per vd. ; Linen Dusters, 3^-. 3^^., Glass Cloths, 4'!. ^d. per do/en. FIN'E LINEvS and Lineu Diaper. 8)rf. per yd. Frilled Linen Pillow Case9, from Is. 4}rf. each. ROLLER TOWELLING, 18 in. wide, Z\d. per vard. KITCHEN TABLE CLOTHS, llfrf. each. STRONG HUCKABACK TOWELS, 4^'. 4/. I er dozen. MONOGRAMS. Crest-*, Coats of Arms. Initials, &c., Woven and Embroi- dered. ."Send for Samples and lUmtrated Pricn Lists, jjost free to ant/ part of the World, from ROBINSON & CLEAVER, BELFAST. Telegraphic Address, " LINEN," Belfast. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S "WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Oardencrs generally their NEW PATENT (No. 9090, isss) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, "Which is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market, It combines all the ad- vantages of its class so well known, and by the improved method of forming the joints — rir., urith India- rubber dashers, the Old and too often ineffect- ual way of camklng the Joints la entirely dispensed with. •'CTiON OF PATENT JOINT THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thoroughly sound and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every possible way, more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result has been highly satisfactory. HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES. VENTILATING GEAR, &c. rSSPECTION INVTTED. PRICE LIST O.V 4PPLICATII1N. ILLUSTP.ATEU CATALOGUE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON. S.E. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS Huraeroos Prize UedalB and Certificates of Uerlt. Fixed in Boy part of the Kingdom with Hot-wat^r Apparatni coniplet«. Catalogue Free. aurtU of England HortlcaUoml Worke, DARLINGTON. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest, strongest.. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, ami Inii-h ; enormous stocks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting ; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different size^. Carriage and breakage free on £lO orders ; hnlf ciirriiise on £5. RU'HAKD SANKF.Y am> -^'iV. lll,l^^.^ll Inl trri.-. y..M iir li im BOULTON&PAUL Horticultural Builders, NORWICH. No. 73. SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This Frame is strong and very handy to use. Plants grow very strong and quickly in this form, owing to is ample light and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high, the ridge is 2 feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Qlazed with 2I-0Z. English glass, and painted four coats. CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid. Packing Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. , 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ , 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ . 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ , 5 , „ 20 „ by 6 „ , 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ . Half allowed for cases if returned at once, carriage paid and in good order. Carriage is paid to any atatiot In England and Wale^j. to Dublin. Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinourgh, or stations equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. Price. Cases, £2 17 6. . 3«. Od. 4 7 6. . is. Od. 5 17 6. . 4s. Qd. 7 7 6. . 5s. Od. 8 17 6, . 5s. M. 10 7 6. . 6s. Od. 30 THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 5, 1889. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, ligtitest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, .lud finish ; enormous stocks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. ° Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders; half carriage on £.?. RICHARD SANKEY AKD SON, Enlwell Potteries. Nottingham. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, ASD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.O. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &C. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. SpfL I !:■ I L, PI ) _ _ ^ Rooting ^c Per^-oinl biin(^\sof E tatesmale tuiinttital ad% ice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. . „ ^ flbfitrated Catalogues Free by Post. THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS Straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635. As illustruleil above, i)rice 3S. and 43. per dozen. Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 633. Best Galvanised Wire. 1/3, 1/6, 1/9 per 100 yards. Illustrated CATALOGUE on ap-pucation. J. J, THOMAS iL CO. 87, Queen Victoria Street. London, E.C. Made in superior ear t.li.-iiu,ii-c, Ji m. lun-, b^Mn. dffp.;uid 6 in. wide. Inside, 2} iin;lii-s fnun Dir top, i.s :i jiL-rforalt'd movable false bottom, upon wliirli llie soil for cnttinps or seeds is placed, the lower halt beinp lilk'd with water, which is replenished ■when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed i t forms an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each ; BIX carriage and package free to any ^tatioo in Great Britain for £1 Is. ; or two for 8s. (ji/. Sole makers and patentees, T. PASCALL AND SONS, South Norwood Pottery.Surrey. S.E. nnr^ATi Pnta I '-'"''3 ^'^ unsurpassed by any in the Trade. uaiUBU rota. | ^,,^.y ^^^ ^^.^.,i (^^^j.,^^_ porous, and of a splen- did colour and -liii|ic. Samples carriage fr^i-. Onhid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List.— THOS. PASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery. Surrey, S.E FOR SALE;"LAWN^tI0VVM7 30-inch, in good working condition. Price, including packing, £3 10s. JOHN H. WILSON, Landscape Contractor, Handaworth, Sheffield. GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATaON AND SOULL. 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock P T A CQ always on Hand. UTxjXxOO. Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest jmssilile prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDOX, E. STOCK K^dl SIZES Inches. W^ Inches, 14X13 ^vA -f 20X16 16x12 m '' 20X16 18x13 ^ 22X16 ^ 24X16 20x12 16x14 m ulf soxis 18x14 S^ ^¥^ 22x18 20X14 . JibU 24X18 21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes, 3rds and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock. A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. (Elasa in 200 feet boxes. English. Glass, cut to buyer's sizes, at lowest prices, including free delivery in the country in quantities, GEOBQE FAKMILOE & SONS, 34, St. JoHn Street. West Smlthfield, London, E.C. stock List and Prices on application. Price List of Colours, Varnishes, Designs of Stained Si Leaded Glass. Quote Chronicle. POWELL'S BALSAM OP ANISE THE SUREST COUGH f MEDICINE. TRY IT. Persons who suffer from a CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY CONDITION of the mucous membrane, periodically assuming an acute aspect, in the form of COUGH. CATARRH, BRON- CHITIS, and ASTHMA, will find POWELL'S BALSAM of ANISEED a friend indeed. Sold by Chemi^.ts tliroughout the World, Is. l^rf. and L's. 3d. per bottle. See Trade Mark— Lion, Net, and Mouse. Established 70 years. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S G R A T E F U L-C OMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. OUR NOTE BOOK, 112 Pages, price 6d. poat-ftee. A Collection of Valuable Papers by experienced Representa- tive Growers on how to grow successfully Grapes. Nectarines, Peaches. Tomatos. Mu-^hrooms. and most Vegetables. A Special paper on how to grow Vegetables for Exhibition ; also compre- hensivennd latest information on the culture of Orchids, Roses, Begonias. Ferns, Chrysanthemums. Carnations, Auriculas, Pan- sies, &c.. by Bnines, Douglas, O'Brien, Wright, Rivers, Hudson, Baillie, Molyueux, Richards, Orchard, Birkcnhrjid. Castle, Dean, Laing, &c. Appendix Articles on Fruits and \'cgetabli'.'<; their Value, and how to Preserve and Cook them. Al.-^o a Valuable Calendar on how to be succeaaful in the Maiiiigpmeiit of Bees, giving direiitioos for each month. Price 6d., P08t-free. W. WOOD AND SON, Wood Green, LONDON, N. 7^1*1 ce Is Pofit~free TNDIGESTION ; its" Causes and Cure. By X JOHN H. CL.1KKE, M.D. London : JAMES EPPS AKD CO., 170, Piccadilly, and 48, Tljreadneedle Street, E.C. "Destined to become the fruit garden of the Universe," — Morning Post. THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES. Illustrated; Zs.Hd., all Booksellers. CHAFFEY EROS. (Ltd.), 35, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. ■ Pamphlet free. Now Rea.dy, the Seventh Edition, revised and enlarged, price 3s. 6d., jjost-free. CULTURAL DIRECTIONS for the ROSE, by John Cranston, King's Acre Nurseries, near Here- ford, containing every information relative to Rose Culture; a choice selection of all the hnest Roses, fully described ; a select List of sorts adapted to various circumstances, situations, soils, and climates ; a complete Catalogue of varieties of Roses intro- duced up to the present time ; and a Calendar of Operations to be performed during each month throughout the "year. A^OUNG LADIES who WAIST TO BE X INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Eegent Street, London, W. Situations found for all Pupils at good salaries. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, with great experience and knowledge of Out- door Plants and Shrubs. Highest character and good abilities essential. A married man, with Wife to attend to Poultry and Small Dairy preferred. — Apply, by letter, stating age, qualifi- cations, past situations, wages required, &c , to K. K., H. Good & Son. Moorgate Street. E.C. ANTED, a GARDENER, good practical man, for a situation about 12 miles from London. Married, no family. — Apply, personally, at Mr. NOBLE'S. Florist, Pond Lane, Lower Clapton, between 2.;i0 and 4.3U ou Tuesday, January 8. ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, who understands Making Buttonholes, &c. Church of England. — Apply by letter to S. F., Manor House, Win- grave, Aylesbury. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a good PROPAGATOR, for Hard and Soft-wooded Plants for Market; also Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. — Letter only, to J.W., ■Jo, London Road, Forest Hill, S.E. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced ROSE GROWER, able to Grow large (juantities of first-class Flowers and Plants, both Indoors and Out. Must have the hi^heat characters ; pern aiient situation for a really efficient man. and liberal bonus given on his total output. If com- petent to act as Nursery Foreman, for Gtowing various Cut iilooms. Grapes, Peaches, Tomatos. Stc, for JlarKet, he should slate so, but this is not necessary. — Apply lirst by letter, giving fullest particulars, to WHARTON and CO., Framfield, Sussex. WANTED, a steady young MjVN, and good Propagator of all kinds of Nursery Slock. — Apply, with references, to W. SHAND, Greaves Nurseries, Lancaster. WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly well up in Growing Roses, Conifers. Climbers, &c., for General Nursery Work. Wages, 2i)s per week.— C. H. GORRINGE, Koselands Nursery, Eastbourne. ANTED, a MAN, to take charge of Glass, and Grow Cut Flowers, Tomatos, Cucumbers, &c. ; also a young MAN to assist and attend Market two days a week. — C. WHITING, Florist, Hereford. ANTED, TWO active young MEN, well up in Market Growing. — Ag ■, wage, nod experience to J. GRIFFIN, Florist, Eastbourne Road, Birkdale, South- port. Lanes. AAT'ANTED, a young MAN, to grow Cucuni- V T bers. Plants, nod Cut Flowers for Market. Good character indispensable. Wages, £1 a week. — Apply, with references, to F. SPARKES, 'N'lctoria Nursery, Worthing. ANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN, used to Flower and Fruit Growing for Market. — FOREMAN, Turnford Hall, Turnford. Hoddesdon, Herts. ANTED, a young MAN for the Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Ground. Wages, £1 per week and Bothy. Must bo strong and active and with good cha- racter.— Apply, with references, to WILKINSON, Cunui/Jiro Gardens, Wimbledon. WANTED, a young MAN, for Nursery and Market Garden Work, to look after -imall cjuantity of Glass — one accustomed to drafting preferred, — Apply, statiufif age, &c., Mr. WILSON, Central Niirseries, Glentield. Leicester. ANTED, AT ONCE, a young MAN, as ROSE GRAFTER. JIust be thoroughly competent and quick, — Full particulars as to ability antl wa^es retiutjed to the MANAGER. Sandygnte Rose Nurseries, Sheilield. ANTED, an active SALESMAN, for Counter and Corn Market.— FIELD, JAMES and FIELD, Norwich. ANTED, a SECONJ) SIIOI'MAN, of good address, for a smart Counter Trade. None but a tlioroughly competent man need apply. — State ago, experience, and salary expected, to A. B. C, Messrs. Nutting St Sons, 106, Southwnrk Street, S.E. ANTED, a respectable Youth as APPREN- TICE to the General Drapery Business.— T. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. Janvakv .V JS.'^it.l THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLR 31 WrANl'El), ill a Wholesale House, a young V T >rnii, !« ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. Must Wrilc u foo.l Vlain Haiul, inul l>e u~eti to I'arcelliiig.— Apply, by K'ttiT only, adiiresst'd ASSISTANT, Mr. .Vlfreil Lfgertoii. Seed Merchant, .^, .\Uigate, Loiuion. K. OABDENINQ APPOINTMENTS. Ml!. .1. r. liAiiKEit, late l-'oreinan in the gar- dens of the lion. Mrs. Meynei.l Ingram, Hoar- cross, Burton-on-Trent, has been appointed to succeed Mr. \V. (Jinger aa Head (iardener to S. Taylor 'Wiiitehead, Ksq., Burton Ulotes, Haliewell. Mr. "\V. Goldsmith, late Foreman at Brand- field, Goudhurst, Kent, has been appointed Head (iariiener to T. Masihter, Ksq., The Manor House, Little Bookham, Leatherhead, Surrey. WANT PLACES. XOTICK TO AnVEnTISEIiS.—In many imtances Itfinittances in Payment of Hepeat Advertisements arc received without name, address, or anytlmig beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great diuti of iroitUf, and fri'- ijuently the sr/idcr cannot be idtnti/ied at all. Advertisers are requested irhen Hemitting to give their Xames and Addressts. and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they icish repeated. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DiL'lvSONS, Koyal Nurseries, Chester, (Liuiitfd) aro always in a i.osilion to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectaliility, ami thoroughly practical at thoir business. All particulars on appliiMtiun. Telegraphio & Po.-tal Address—" DICKSONS. CHESTER." Head Gardeners. JOHN LAINU AN-i> tS(>N:3 can at present recommeud witli every contidence several enerjietic and practical MEN of tested ability and tirst-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of GAKUENERS and BAILIFFS, and HE.U) G^UlUENEllS for first-rate Establishments or Siiip;!- - handed Situatiois. can be suited and have full particulars by applying at Stan?tead Park and Rutland Park ^urseries, Forest Hill. London. S.E. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situatioos, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. MANAGEK. — The Advertiser, thoroughly- experienced in Market Work, could undertake entire JIanageraeut o£ a large place in the way of Fruit Growing, combined with Growing under Glass. Grapes, Cut Flowers, Tomalos. and all reiiuirement^i of a First-chiss Trade demand. — VER.\X. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head).— Age 35; thoroughly practical in all branches. Twenty-four years" experience ill good places. Excellent character, personal and ability. — G. W.. 4, Providence Terrace. Earl's Court, Kensington, W. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. Osman, Gar- dener to Charles Keyser, Esq., Warren House, Stan- more. Middlesex, cau recommend a practical man as above. Sixteen years' experience in large establishments. GARDENER (Head), married, no family. — a Ladv wishes to reoommend her Head Gardener. Thoroughlp pnictical in all branches; honest, steady, and obliging.— W. THOKNEY, Clo=e Gardens, Sunderland. GARDENER (Head).— First-class Cultivator of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Vines, Peaches, &o. Excellent character from last and previous employers. — G. B., 39, Thuriovv Hill. West Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (Head). — Age 50, married; thirty vears' experience in Vines, Peaches Figs, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Chrisanthe- mums. Vegetables, and the Management of a Garden. Excel- lent reterances. Please state wages.— W. GUNN, Braintree, Essex. _ ^ ARDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, no en- cumberance ; offers hi- services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, reiiuiring a tirst-rate Fruit and Plant Grower, and thorough Kitchen Gardener. Good character. — P., 3, Arney's Cottages, Sutton Common. Surrey. G1 ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gen- ir tleman. — An energetic, careful Gardener, age -10, married, who has a thorough knowledge of his business, desires an engagement where, by diligent application to his duties, he would merit the respect of his ^rmployers.— WARREN, W. Forth, Bookseller. Pocklington. York. ARDENER (Head); age 30, single; seventeen years" thorough practical experience in every branch of the profession, including Landscape. Foreman in six, and Head in last situation, among them some of the largest and best kept gardens in England, with highest testimonials. — N. S.. Gardeners' Chronicie Of&ce, 41, Welling- ton Street. Strand, W.C. GARDENER; age 25. — A Gentleman can highly recommend a young man as above. Has been three years in his service as Fortman in the Houses. He is ■well up in Fruit and Plant Growing. Hon^t, sober, indus- trious, and obliging. — W. F. LARKIKS, Esq., J.P., Holm View, Lowestoft. GARDENER (Head), age 32.— R. Westcott, Head Garileuer to his (frace the Duke of Cleveland, Raby Castle, Darlington, Durham, will be glad to recommend his Foreman, J. Tullett. to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical, good gardener. F'irst-cluss man in every department. Sixteen years experience. Seven years General Foreman at Raby. ARDENER (Head ).— Age 30, married when suited,— D. Mackay. tiardener to the Right Hon. Sir Massey Lopes, Bart., cau with conlidence recommend his Fore- man, E, Dawe (previous Forenum to the Right Hon. Earl of Portsmouth), to any Lady or Giiitlenuiu requiring a thoroughly practic:il good Gardener. Fiftci'u years' practical experience. —Pitt Gardens, Cbudleigh. Devon. G"^ ARDENER (Head Working), where three A or four are Kept. — Age 30, married, no family; thoroughly experienced. First-class references.- J. T. B., 9, Maxwell Road. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working); no young family.— A. AKKKS-DnuuLAs, Esq., M.P.. will be pleased to recommend his Gardener 1o any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man in all branches. — J. E\'ANS, Chilston Park, Maidstone. ARDENER (Head Working).- Age 31, married ; thoroughly experienced in Vines. Stove and Greenhouse Plaiit,9, Chrysanthemums, Flower anil Kitchen Gardening. Good references. — \V. E. DAVIES, 1, Rymer Street. Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two others are kept.— Age 4(3, married ; thirty year-;*' experience. Understands Vines, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can have twenty years' good character from present employer.- G.VRDENER, Trafalgar, Salisbury. GARDENER, where one or two are kept. — Age 34. married, no family ; steady. Good experience. — R. A., y, Shaftesbury Roa(l. Upton Park, E. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where assistance is given). — Married, no family; six years' good character.— G. W., Beech Hill Park, Earnet. ARDENER (Single-handed). ~ Middle- aged.no family; thoroughly understands his duties. ^'o objection to Cows. Wife good Plain Cook or Laundress, Good characters. — J. D., Ap-ley Cottages, Banstead. Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second). — Age 22, ^ingle ; twoyears' present situation ; three years' previous.- M. T., Up Park Gardens, Peterstield, Hants. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Married ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Well recommended. — State wages and particulars to J. MAJOR, Holrabury, St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey. ARDENER (Second). — Age 22 ; tho"- roughly experienced in all branches. Eight and a half years' good character. — HILL, Hawley, Farnborough, Hants. -f > ARDENER, or good FOREMAN.— Age 28, '•D^ married ; thoroughly experienced in Fruit, Plants, and Vegetables. Well recommended by all previous employers. — CLARK, Beacon Road, Woodhouse Eaves, Loughborough. FOREMAN, good Market Nursery.^Twenty years" experience ; «ell-up in Eucharis, Gardenias, Azaleas, Carnations, and all kindsof choice Flowers for Market. — W. SMITH, 47, Westville Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. To Nurserymen, &c. FOREMAN (Working), in Small Nursery. — Age 30, married ; fourteen yeara' experience in Plant, Cut Flower. Cucumber, Tomato, Vine, Rose, and Chrysanthe- mum Growing. Expert Biidder, Grafter, Propagator, &c. Good Salesman. — WM. WILLIAMS. Moortown, Lee, near Leeds. T?OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in JD a Large Establishment. —Age 22; can be well and strongly recommended. Lived in two first-class establishments previously.- Mr. D. C. POWELL. Powderham, Exeter. OREMAN, PROPAGATOR, GROWER.^ Well-up in raising the best and leading kinds of Ferns, Palms, DracEtnas, &c . Stove, Greenliouse, Soft and Hard- wocded Plants, in quantity if de.^ired. Good character and experience.— H. G., Fin-^buryPark Nursery, near Manor House, Green Lanes, N. OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants and Choice Cut Flowers. Grapes, Peaches, Cucimibers, Tomatos, &c., for Market. Well up in Wreaths, Crosses, &,c.— H. CJ., Witton, North Walsham, Norfolk. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR.— Thoroughly experienced in the profession of Propagating and Growing. Efficient in the Cut Flower Trade; also of Rose Growing, &c. Good references. — PROVINCIAL, 2, Sharp's Buildings, Tower Hill, E. ROPAGATOR.— Age 25; ten years' good experience in Plant, Fruit, Fern, and Rose Growing. Cut Flower Work, and the Nursery Trade generally. Good Bndder and Grafter.— W. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market, or otherwi.^e.- Married ; well up in work. Can be highly recommended by last employer. Excellent reference. — G. C, Chancellor's Cottages. Fern Bank Road, Ascot. Berks. LANT GROWER and SALESMAN.— Age 26, single; twelve years' practical experience. Character will bear strictest investigation. Good references. FLORIST, 3,King Street, Lincoln. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's establishment, near London preferred.- Age 20; good knowledge of Orchids. Two years' good character from pre- .Hcnt situation.— W. A., The Gardens, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar, N. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendations, Bothy preferred. — H. SNELL, Upton, St. Mary Church, Toriiuay. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; eight years' experience. Good references from present and previous employers.- W. CHANDLER, The Gardens, Ospringo House, Favcrsham, Kent. JOUUNEYIVIANrin The^Houses.— Age 21 ; good reference. Good experience in the Stove, Vinery, Table Decoration.— H. HOLMES, Lodfje, Great Bricklull, liletchley. JOUKNEYMAN, Inside and Out if required, — Age 21 ; five years' experience in the profession. Five years' good character. — W. BOND, Broomheld, Chelmford, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out, in a Gentle- man's Establishment. — Age 21 ; three years' excellent character from present employer. Abstainer. — C. HEAD, Iiondon Hill, Harrow- on- the- Hi 11. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 22; fj eeven years' experience. Bothy preferred. Good charac- ter from present and previous employers. — W. HOLLY, The Garilens. Pepper Arden, Northallerton, Yorkshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or otherwise. — R. MacMtllan, Gardener, Moreton House, Bideford, Devon, will be pleased to recommend a sharp, intelligent young man, as above. pOACHMAN, or COACHMAN and GAR- v7 DENER.— Wanted in February next, a situation as above. Young. Good character.— J. TOATES, Asliton Rec- tory, Wigan. To Nurserymen and Seedsmen. IMPROVER, in a good Seed Establishment. — Young; first-class references. — H,, the Royal Nurseries, Slough. To Head Gardeners. TM PROVE R, in bothy.— Age 18; total JL abstainer. Four years' good character from present em- ployer.- N. DRAGGETT, Ashford, near Staines, Middlesex. IMPROVER, in a Nursery or Gentleman's Place. — Age 19; total abstainer. Good references. Good Mdker, if required.- C. H. FISH, Royal Bank, Marton, Blackpool. 'TX) GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.— JL Advertiser seeks employment in tiarden or Nursery. Age 21. Five years' experience. Good references. — K. WALLIS, Laurel Place, Milton Road, Heath Town, near Wolverhampton^ ___^__^___ ''l-'O NURSERYMEN and OTHERS. — Lad JL requires situation in a Market Nursery. F^our years' experience. Can Drive aud take Fires. References.— 18, Hatcham Park Road, New Cross, S.E. COWMAN. — Age 23; steady and respectable. Would help in Garden, and make himself useful.-G. O., 17, Clyde Terrace. Forest Hill, S.E. ASSISTANT.— Age 22; six years' first-class experience with leading firm.— S. M. W., 137, Dacy Road, Handheld, Liverpool. Seed Trade. MANAGER, or SHOPMAN. — Seventeen years' practical experience Wholesale and Retail. Good references.- J. CORNEY, Bof-ton. Lincolnshire. ANAGER, or SHOPMAN.— Age 24; ex- perienced in Making Wreaths, Bouquets, Sprays, &c. Good knowledge of Plants, Seeds, and Book-keeping. Good references,— FLORIST. 6, Charteris Road, N. QHOPMAN. — Age 30, single; good experience O of both the London Wholesale and Provincial Retail Trade. Good references.— C. W. S., 17, Bawson Street, Leicester. Q HOPMAN (Asslstant).- Age 22 ; six years' O experience. Good knowledjic of Seed, Plant, and Nur- sery Stock.— J. H., The Birches. Wordsley. Stourbridge. ''TRAVELLER. — A GJentleman having a first- I class conuecliou among Market Growers. Florists, Florists' Sundriesrnen, and Seedsmen, both in town and provinces, is at liberty early to negotiate with a respectable House for their representation. Undeniable references. — W., Gardners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street. Strand.W.C. ''PO FLORISTS.— Situation wanted by a young I Lady. Three years' experience with Wreaths, Bouquets, Buttonlioles, &c. Indoors. Highe&t references.— H. H., St. James Road, Kingston-on-Thames. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS were invented in accordance with modern knowledge, modern wants, and scientific progress. Their beneficial influence is restricted to neither place n'or country, and is available by all who long- ingly look fo their health. Any abrupt change in the weather always causesmuch disordered action in the human body. Itia a matter of pecuniary importance to rectify every irregularity without delay, which it is in the power of every one to do by taking Holloway's Pills. These pills are the best preventa- tives of indigestion, and the mildest aperients ever prescribed. They purify and cool the blood, and equalise the circulation through the system, even to the minutest vessels of the skin ; they act admirably on the liver and kidneys. n THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jaxuaet 5, 1889. DIXON'S "President Carnot." NEW AND SELECT STOCK OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS. liaving JOHN ETHEEINGTON DIXON, purchased the entire Stock of this extraordinary variety, purposes sending it out for season 1889. It has pro\ed, by all who have grown it, to be the best extant for size of knobs and habit of growth. It grows similar to a pyramid, and has been selected with the greatest care pos- sible, so that it may be depended upon as something specially good. TESTI MON I ALS. From Mr. ALBERT WIPF, Gardener to Nathaniel Clavtox, Esq.. J. P., Eastc'i/f Gardens, Lincoln. • • Sir,— Your strain of Brussels Sprouts is the best in cultivatioa. I trieii it tlie fir^t year alongside three of the leading strains, but it proved so luuih superior tO tlie others that I have grown no other siuce." " The exhibit of your strain of Brussels Sprouts at our Chrysanthemum Show will not easily be forgotten by those who -were present, drawing hi?h encomiums from the Judge, Mr. J. Wriciht, Journal of horticulture. January 6, 1888." The Feiii Nurserie.", Lenmintjton, Oct. 16, 18S8. *'Deab Sib, — Your Brussels Sprouts, ' rresideut Carnot," are, without a doubt, the best we have ever grown for crop and quality. — Yours truly, RAPER ASD IRWIN," Bmtley 2ioad,/)oncast(r, Oct. 21, 1888. '•Dear Sir,— Your 'President Carnot' Brussels Sprouts are the best I have ever grown.— Yours truly, JNO. TURNER." 11. Midland Road, Wellinghorongh, Oct. 25. 1888. " Sir, — I consider ' President Carnot' Brussels Sprouts are just what we require, being compact in growth, fine sprouts, and excellent quality. — Yours respectfully, GEORGE DOUGLAS." Wantage, Oct. 25. 1838. "Dear Sib, — Your Brussels Sprout, 'Piesident Caruot' is undoubtedly a variety of great excellence. — Yours truly, W. CaUDWELL." 1, Sepulchre Street, Sudbury, Sujfolk, Oct. 24. 1888. ■' Dear Sir,— I believe tlie Brussels Sprouts ' President Carnot ' to be a very good one. I have grown it by the si Apiary 46 Apples nnrt Plums for Yorkshire M Botamcal 'SUga::itie 48 Bulb giirden D-A Chrysanthemum Jersey Nugget no ., sports H) Chrvsauthemuras, damp- ing in blooms of . 4J „ mitiwmier 39 ., winter 48 Clevely. Allerton 46 CojI, anthracite o4 Conifers and snow .Sf) Cult ural memoranda 62 Cjpripeitiura, thi- 48 „ Croisianam Tauiz lauum 43 „ insigne Ilursmau- lanum 43 ., margantaceum 4;i Cyclamens at Reading ... 60 Epidendrum radiatum fus- I'atiim 4;i rcrns, genera of Florists llowera 61 6:i Flower garden ... 47 Foreign correspondence ... 6:i Fog and plants 51 47 Fruits under glass Gardeners* Royal Benevo- lent Institution Hardy fruit garden Horticultaral Instructions Hyacinth diseases At'if Bulletin Kew, plants in flower at . „ specimen trees at ... Kitchen garden Novelties in 1888 Petasites fragrans Phalteoopsis culture of ... Plant Portraits Plants and their culture... Potat03 Roots of Lpguminosffl Roses. Egyptian Sobralia sanlholeuca Societies — National Chrysantlie- mum ... ... 49, 55 Royal Horticultural of Aberdeen 66 Scottish 56 York Florists' 56 Sulphale of copper for moulds 50 Tachiadenus cariuatus ... 43 Wilhelmshbhe, the cascade at 52 Illustrations. Chrysanthemums, forms of Pinus Sabiniana at Kew ... Titchiadenus cirinatus ... Advertisers are specially requested to note, thaty under no circumstances ichatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire colwmi. rpRE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J- IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America: — E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden," 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. THE GARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANACK, and ADDRESS BOOK for 1889. The most Complete and Accurate Reference Book for the use of all Interested in Gardens yet published. The Alphabetical Lists of all Branches of the Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to the 10th of November. The Lists of Gardens and Country Seats (contain- ing over 7900), have been very carefully and extensively revised, and are admitted to be the most complete ever pub- lished. Price Is. ; post-free Is. 3d. — Of all Booksellers, News- agents, Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or from the Publishing Office. 37, Southampton Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C. MAIDENHAIR FERN, 6s. per dozen bunches. Always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. ENGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. Variegated. 3, 4, 5. and 6 feet. PI.VUS AUSTRIACA. 3, 4. .=i, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking. Surrey. 0 LARGE PLANTERS of THORN QUICKS.— 1 to 11 foot. 9s. per 1000, £40 per 100,000; IJ to 2 feet, lis. per lu*J. £.W per 100.000; 2 to -J^ feet, 135. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 teet. 15.?. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, ISs. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. OR SALE, I'OO ARUMS, in32's; 30 plants of ELXHARIS AMOZONICA, in 24's; 2 fine plants of STEPH ANOTIS in Iti's. Price on appUcation to EGBERTS iXD MENDHAM. Cambridge Nursery,DermodyRd.,Lewisham,S.E. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. — Now ready : price Is., po^t-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas. Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Caatle). The book contains also the moat complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. Trade Price Current 1889. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Wholesale Sekd Grower'5 and Merchants, Edin- burgh, have posted their ANNUAL CATALOGUE to their Customers ; if not delivered, another copy will be posted upon application. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Earn- ham) is open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of ROod Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of Choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelcli's trade being especially for First-class Hothou^^e Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best House?< in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished on day of Sale, and all accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels supplied. Bankers' and otlier references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. W. BARNHAM (late Squelch & Barnham), • Fruit and Flower Salesman, Long Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C. C^HOICE FLOWERS ^i^d FRUIT. \J Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES (late Wise & Rides), Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER and CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes. &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Depart- ment, HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Corent Garden, W.C. RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of Choice CDT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60. Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Reference; liOndon and County Bank. TELEGRAPHIC Address— Adiantum. London. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NDBSERYMKN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP.'' WANTED, Maiden-hair Fern, Bouvardia, Orchids, Eucharis, Roses, Camellias, and any other choice Cut Flowers. Best Market Prices returned weekly. Address S. HILL, Jan., 21, Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, W. ; and Stand 363, Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. WANTED, with clean stems, good heads and roots, 30 PLANES, 9 to 12 feet ; 30 LIMES, 8 to 10 ft. ; 6L.1EURNIIHS, 6 tjSfeet; 12 Standard THORNS. Double Red, Pink and White, in equal quantities, d'_-livered tree to West Kensington. State price, &c.. to GARDENER, 35, Land Street, High Street, Croydon, S.E. W' ANTED TO RENT, several Houses, suitable for Growing Cucumbers, Tomatos, Cut Flowers, &c., for Market, within 12 miles of London. Full particulars to F. F . Marden Hill, Hertford, Herts. ANTED TO RENT, a small GARDEN, with Glasshouses and Pits, suitable for market pur- poses, with Cottage. S. or S.W. suburbs of London preferred. No Stock required. K., 30, South Street, Cuckfield, Susses. CARTERS' VADE MECUM for 1889 is Now Ready, and has been posted to Messrs. CARTER'S Customers. Price ONK SHILLING (post-free) to unknown Correspondents. It contains 7 elegant Coloured Illustrations, and will be found a aiost thorough Book of Reference by all who desire to cultivate successfully the choicest Vegetables and the prettiest Flowers. JAMES CARTER AND CO., The Queen's Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C. T ILIUM A U R A T U M.— -Li THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 25s, per Case ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9d. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s., and 18s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6rf. and 3s. 6d. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON, W.C. Calceolarias, Spotted. HCANNELL AND SONS have now the • nicest young strong Plants, and the most varied and brilliant colours and best strain ever seen. 2s. per doz., 14s. per lUO ; in small pots ready for a shift, 3s. per doz. ; 2'2s. per 100. Swiiiil.'y, Kent. Having Grown ADIANTUM CUNEATUM ELEGANS five years, I have proved its value asa Cut Frond for Market. Will put on Rail Plants in 8-inch pots, 7s. 6d. each, cash. E, TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. Barr's Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY Cultivated plants only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. RCHIDS a SPECIALTY.— See New Inter- leaved CATALOGUE, post-free on application. FRED HORSMAN and CO., Colchester. o Lilium auratum. HURST AND SON have received, direct from Japau, a targe consignment of the above in excellent condition, and will quote low prices on application. Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. ICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM SPAWN, most superior, now reduced to 5s. per bushel of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and List of Testi- monials post-free on application. DICKSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. pHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.— V^ Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled for this purpose ; in tins. Is., 2s. M., 5s. 6rf., and 10s. Qd. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. QULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A 0 certain cure for Mildew on Plants. Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of tolution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers :— PHILIP HARRIS AND C0.(Limited).9,BullRmg, Birmingham. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 1 1AA AAA GARDEN POTS, 3^ in. diam.. La J.\/V/«| V/ V/V' instock. ready for immediate delivery; carriage and breakage free on £10 orders; half carriage on £.=>. Acknowledged by the trade to he the best poU manufactured. Largest Stock and Largest Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 12, 1880. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesday Next.— (Sale No. 78i6.) 10.000 grand BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM (some in cases as received). L. Krameri. L. longifloruni, and other LILIES, just received from .Tapan in the finest possible condition ; Double South African TUBEROSES and AMA- RYLLIS. Also splendid Berl]n Crowns of LILY OF THE VALLEY". AMARYLLIS BELLADONA, SCILLA PERU- VIANA. LILIUM HARRISII. Home-grown LILIES, and a large quantity of DUTCH BULBS for preseufplantiiig. SPIILEA JAPONICA, &o. MR, J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. Vf.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, January IS, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Saturday Next. First-class named Dn-arf-tniiuc.l ;ind rv™miIants. L. A. ALBA; eoOEPIDENDRUMVITELLINUM .Ma.IUS, mosUv in spike; 200 CCELOGYNE CKISTATA. tng.-lli.^r «itlt a large quantity of CATTLEYAS MosSI^E, MENDELII. GIGAS, and other varieties; ONCIDIUMS, &c. The Auctioneers desire to call special attention to this Sale. The plants are clean and well grown, nnd Gentlemen desirous of adding to their Collections, or Florists, for growing tor Cut Flowers, will find the Sale an exceptional opportuntity for obtaining these favourite varieties of Orchids in large quan- tities at Auction T'riccs. The Plants will be on view the morningsof Sale. Catalogues of the first portinn will shortly be published, and copies will be forwarded, free by post, on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, ChcRpside. London, E.G. Eltham. Expiration of Leasfl. Further CLEARNCK SALE. Preliminary Notic. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by At'CTION, nn llio Premises. The Nnrsery, Eltham, Kent, on THItllSDAY. Fehruaiy 7, and two following days, a further portion of the unnsunlly well- grown NURSERY STOCK. Further particulars will [i])penr. Seed BuBlnesB. FOR IMJIEDIA-TE DISPOSAL (owing to the dealh cif Proprietor), an old-eslahlished Retail SEED BUSINKSS, in London, with high-class connection, including Lenses of Premises, Slock, Fixtures, &i'. Apply by letter in first instance to H. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellingtou Street, Strauil. W.C. To Market Gardeners, Plorlsts. Nurserymen, &o. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES. FOR SALE, choice FREEHOLD LAND, in Acre Plots, suitable for above. Rich Garden Soil with gravel and sand sub-soil. The land isconsidered by theTrade the linest near London for Grapes and all other Market Products. Apply, SECRETARY, Estates Investment and Villa Farm Company, Estate Office. Tangley Park, Hampton- on-Thames. To Seedsmen. FOR SALE, the BUSINESS of a WHOLE- SALE SEEDSMAN in St. Albans. Lease about fourteen years. Rent £60. Commodious Premises. Stock, Fixtures, and Book Debts (£592) at valuation. Price for Lease and Goodwill, £100. Apply to Mr. F. C. GOODCHILD. 25, Old Jewry, E.G.. Trustee in Bankruptcy. SoutH of England. LARGE GARDEN, iiO Acres, with Twenty Greenhouses and Vineries. £7000 has been spent on the property. Seven years' lease. Two Cottages inclusive. £160 a year. ELDRIDGE, Portsmouth. 0 BE LET, 1 to 10 Acres of GRASS LAND, suitable for Nurserymen aud others, on Lease, for 7, 14, or 21 years. Rent from £S to £12 per Acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first seven years. No Tithe or Land-tax. Near the main road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles from London. Apply, H. MOORE, 59. Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G. O R C H I D^ THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are continually receiving Importations of ORCHIDS from various parts of the World. The)/ Jiave nho an immense Rtock of ESTABLISHED and SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, ALL IN FINE CONDITION. Fidl pRrticiilars on application. THE VINEYARD AND NXTRSERIES, GARSTON, LIVERPOOL. HENRY ECKFORD (late of Boreatton) begs to inform his Patrons and Friends that he haa EEMOVED to WEiM, where he will continue to Raise, Grow, and Sell, his celebrated Culinary and Sweet Peas, and hopes by prompt and careful attention to merit a continuance of their support. Please note the Address— HENRY ECKFORD, Culinary nnd Seeii Pea iMerchant. WEM. SALOP. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS— " ECKFORD, WKM." LEARANCE SALE OF SPRING FLOWERING BULBS. Hyacinths. Daffodils (Narcissi). Tulips. Crocus, Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Chionodosa, ScilLas, Spanish Irises, early flowering Gladioli, Alliums. Star of Bethlehem, Alstrnjmeriaa, Sec. All in splendid condition, at reduced prices. LIST free on application to BARR Airo SON, 12 and 13. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. Tbe Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition, Price 5s., post-free hs. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. ENT -GROWN FRUIT TKEES.— Thousands of Standard, Pyramid, Bufh. and Espalier Fruit Trees, comprising most of the best sorts of Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries ; strong, healthy trees, with good fibrous roots, 600 Kent COB NUTS, large bushes, 5 feet. 1000 Common LAUREL, 3 feet. 500 Silver BIRCH, 8 to 10 feet. 500 LABURNUMS, 7 to 9 feet. Price LISTS of above aud General Nursery Stoek post-free on application to EVES & DALTON, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Gravesend. Yu ca glorlosa. GEORGE LliE, E.K.I1.8., has some fine plants of Ihe above, many of \\hich are strong blooming plants, spreading ■! or more feet each, fine for planting in open spaces near Woodland Paths or Drives, at from Is. Orf. to 5s. each. Clevedon, January 13. O T H E TRADE. IIELLEBORUS NIGER, good healthy imported Plants, at very low prices per 100 and 1000. ULY Ol' THE VALLEY.— Fine Berlin forcing Buds, clieap to char out. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, Loudon. W.C. HRYSANTHEMUMS.— 600 beat sorts, true to name, strong Cuttings now ready, \s.M. perdoz., 10.t. per 100. Muny of the best Prizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. For price of new sorts, see Catalogue (2 stamps), of WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swon»- combe. Kent. RS. BENNETT STANFORD has some fine PALMS to DISPOSE OF. as they are too large for her Houses.— Apply by letter to The HEAD GARDENER, Pyt House, Tisbury, Wilts. V Jancahy 12, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHEONICLE. 35 TF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES X. TRUE TO NAME. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD A:tD CO. TF YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that J- your Local Firms cannot Supply, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD AKD CO. OR FKUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Tliousj\nd, Write to GEORGE EUNYAED and CO. SEND INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No Starvelings, No Blicht-at GEORGE BUNYARD and CO'S. TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT X TREES. SOO Kinds, Six Stjimps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock, Gmtis. ROSE LIST, CONIFER and SHRUB LISTS, Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. EORGE BUNYARD and CO., POMOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERY-MEN. TV TAIDSTONE, KENT. " To the Trade. HAND F. SHAKPE'S Wholesale CATA- • L001:E ot \'EGETAELE SEEDS for 1SS9 has been forwarded to tlieir customers, if those who have not received it will kiniUy inform them another one shall be sent. Seed Growius Establislimcnt. Wisbech. ENDER'S PETUNIAS are the best offered. Double Fringed, Is. 6rf. and 3s. per packet; Single Striped. Is. and 2s. I>cr packet. RENDER'S B.1LSAMS. — -A. grand Strain, eight varieties, separate. 2s. 6rf. ner packet ; mixed, Is. per packet. RENDER'S Select SEED LIST. Post-free on application. HENDER ixii SONS, Plymouth. FRUIT TREES at very low prices to clear ground. Extm strong an,l well rooted Pvramidal PLUMS, PEARS, and CHERRIES, Standard and' Dwnrf- trained Victoria PLUMS, 3 and 4-yr. old GOOSEBERRIES and CURRANTS. Names of Fruits and CATALOGUE ot General Nursery Stock. JOHN CARTER. Nursery. Keighley, Y'orkshire. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARR'S ISStl SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will he found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDL'STRIES. with a Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BARR AND SON, Kill?; Street. Covent Garden, W.C. BEGONIA SKED and TUBERS.— BOX'S varieties are the best, as testified by all purchasers. Both quality and quantity. SEED from latest novelties of Singles, mixed colours, small packets, Grf. ; larger packets, \s. and 2s. 6rf. Collections. 4 separate colours. Is. 6rf. ; 8 ditto, 25. .!. per packet. TUBERS, unnamed Singles, to colour superior to named sorts, 13 or more distinct colours, for pots, per dozen, 9s., 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; for bed- dinp. 40s. and .=.0s. per 100 ; mixed colours, 28s. per 100. Un- named Doubles, very superior, 6 or more colours, per dozen, 24s., 36s., 4S.<. ; mixed colours, los. ; choice, to name, from 24s. All post-free. Full LIST on application. John R. box (for lO years J. Laing's sole Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. TVi'HOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for T T 1S.S9. — VTe have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand. Loudon, W.C. ; Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham, Middlesex. HRYSA^'THEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe, By far the best collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyneux and C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America as the best Descriptive Catalogue. Price 6d. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Medals and 20 First-class Certificates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.- R. OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. To the Trade. ^^EGETAELE and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. HAND r. SHAKPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL QUOTATIONS for all the best kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS grown this season from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices ■will be found advantjjgeous to purchaser f . Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Palms, Healthy, in Quantity. WICETO.X, Putney, S.AV., has a very fine • stock of the above to offer in all sizes; also a few fine extra large fruiting PEACH TREES, Sec. 129 and 130. Flower Market Covent Garden, W.C. ARNATION *'GLOmE DE NANCY."— We are sending out for the fourth season our true strain of this the grandest White Carnation in cultivation, quite Dardy, and for pot culture for cut bloom it has no equal. Robust and free bloomer. £l per 100, lis. for 50, 6s. for 26. good rooted layers. We have a fine stock of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, from Is. te 40s. each. Cash with Order. E. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, WiUe9den Junction. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreeus, niui Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on aiiiilication.— lilCHAKD SMITH AKD 00., Nurserymeo and Seed Mereliants. Worcester. FOR SALE, price \2 guineas, a handsome I..«'ANIA DOKBONIOA. lut.-ct hiRh. anil 36 feet in eirenmferenee; 1- larpe Ieav,.>, ;mil in good rondition. Ajjply to the GARDENEK. White Hall, Tarporley. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest qtiality. Prices Strictly ifodcratr. Delivered free by Hail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 353, POST FREE ON APPLICATION. >xcisLso»rs (Limited) The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, Clxester*. Address for Letters & Telegrams: Dicksons, Chester. CANNELLS SEEDS PERFECT ONLY- DIRECT FROM^ Ci^ZakJ It is a settled question that our seeds (200 acres), owing to our sunny position, warmer and better soil, are a lot the best, the difference between them and those grown farther north, bought and sold half-a dozen times by those who never grow a grain, is immense. Ha^e them direct from us. the Actual Growebs, at nearly ^vholesale prices, effecting a great saving. Numerous Fi rsf -class Certificates the last ijuarter of a century stamp ours the best strains. All Seeds Carriage Free, except heavy kinds. Send for ours, the best Illustntted Catalogue ever issued. From Mr. R. R. Oswald, Chapel Street, Birkenhead, February 10. 1.S88. "Your Seeds are the best lever grew. I took eleven First Prizes with them last year." SEED GROAVERS and MERCHANTS, SWANLEY, KENT. GANNELl-S SEEDS ' ^PERFECT ONLY- DIRECT FROM ^ |WKX>l'<3iJ|: SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAKEFULLY SELECTED, AND FROM WHICH SfAV BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER VKT ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Intormatiou, RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. The best value in Garden Seeds is obtainable by purchasing CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF GARDEN SEEDS. 103. 6d., 153.. 21s., 30s., 42s., 63s. each. Package and Delivery Free. Write/or Descriptive Catalogue to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENE\'OI,ENT INSTITUTION. NOTICE IS HEREIIY GIVEN tlint the ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING ottli.- Menil.prs ot this Institution will bo held at •■Simpson's," 101, Strand, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, IBth inst., for the purpose of reeeivinp the Report of the Committee and the Accounts of the In;titution tor the present year, and Electing Officers for tin- cnsuinp year, and also for the Election of Nine Pensioners. The Chair will bo taken at ;l o'clock precisely, and the Ballot for Nine Pensioners will Close at 5 o'clock precisely. Uy order. EUWD. ROGER CUTLER, Sec. 60, Parliament Street, London,— Jan. 1, 18B9. P.S. — The Voting Papers have all been delivered, any Sub- scriber not having received one, is requested to communicate with the Secretary. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and ST7BS0BIFTI0NS WILL BK THANKFULLT RECEIYED BT A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Hortioultural Society's Gardens, Chiswiok, London, W. TREES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE tree on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. TO COMPETITORS. — BOBBIE'S 22iid ANNUAL CATALOGUE and COMPETITOR'S GUIDE is now ready, and will be forwarded Gratis and Post-free to all applicants. It extends to 128 pages of closely printed matter, and is undoubtedly the most useful and practical handbook for competitors and general growers that is pub- lished. Besides full Cultural Directions, it contains Descriptive Lists of all the best Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Pansies, Violas, Dahlias, Koses, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, Pelar- goniums, Fuchsias, &c. Before ordering elsewhere, send for a copy. DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers and Florists, Rothesay, Scotland. WT" GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; T T • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, hs., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Bankfinn Rledal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1SS8. LILItlM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs, 4(/.. 6free to Customers. JAMES CARTER. DUNNETT, AND BEALE, 237 aud 238, HIGH HOLHORN, LONDON, W.C. I ■'OR SALE, Cheap, Specimen AZALEAS, CROTONS, ANTHUKIUMS. CLERODENDRONS, FERNS, &c. The plants are extremely healthy. Apply to the GAKDENER, Woodbank, Dumfries. Ij" R U I T I N G T R E E S . — Standard-trained Victoria PLUMS, fine trees. PjTamids of all Fruits, in pots, for forcing. Price Li;t free. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery. Hampton. Middlesex. ASPARAGUS, for Forcing. Large quantity for Sale. FIELD, JAMES and FIELD. Nurwi.h. ERONICA TRAVERSIL— Quote price per 100, also SEED per pound. C. J. BARRETT, Esq.. 59. Jermyn Street, W. UONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy ■well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £1 to JEIO per 100. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, Brighton. SPARAGUS and SEAKALE. Extra strong roots for immediate forciog. DICKSONS Nurseries, CHESTER. {Limited.) LARGE LIST of CYPRIPEDIUM disposable for the Trade, is sent free on demand by ED. P Y N A E R T, Nurseryman. Ghent, Belgium. 100 000 HARDY HEATHS.— The present AV/V/^WV/V/ is a most suitable time for planting these beautiful plants, which can be supplied as follows : — An assortment of 10 varieties, 16s. per 100. 20 ., 18.-;. M 30 ,, 20s. 40 „ 22s. If less than fiftv plants are ordered, price '.is. pi^r dozen. Special quotation per lOuO, and Descriptive CATALOGUE may be had free on application to JAMES SMITH AND SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London i^ very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON akd SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. ''FKEES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and A Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Palms. Foliage Plants, Heaths, &c. FRANCIS R. KINGHURN will be pleased to forward LIST of above with low prices. Leading decorative PALMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond, Surrey; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. OBEKT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, and CLIMRING PLANTS, &c., wliich are in fine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also exlra-fine SEAKALE, and RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 milen. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspection of the stock solicited. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, Hardy Climbers, Rhododendrons, Conifers, Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubn, Forest Trees, &c., in large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JACIOLAN and SON, Woking Nursery. Surrey. '^PREES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and -I- Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED PDTATOS has been sent out. It comprises all the finest varieties in cultivation, including several novelties. The quality is very fine, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wis-bech. The Best Winter and Spring CABBAGE is^CHOU DE BURGIILEY ; " the best SAVOY is "UNIVERSAL SAVOY;" the best BROCCOLI is '• LATE WHITE VICTORIA." All honoured with First-class Royul Certificates from the Royal Horticultural Society of London. Prices and Particuhirs R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER ond VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg. Germany. 0 ODONTOGLOSSUMS FOR SALE. We have still a. splendid lot of Odontoglos- sums, in variety, including Alexandra (Sander's best variety), Pescatorei, Harryanura, Trium- phans grande, Rossi majus, &c. All well established plants, in fine condition. TO BE SOLD CHEAP. For particulars apply to IRELAND & THOMSON NURSERYMEN. EDINBURGH. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACILES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FKUIT TREES, as Standards. Dwarfs. Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, 3s. M., 5s.. 7s. 6i., 10s. M. Orchard House Trees in pots, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES, &c., from 5s. FIGS from 3s. id. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration. Season. Price, &c., free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. THE FINEST BLUE MARROW PEA. SHARPE'S QUEEN. Ss. 6d. per Pint, Is. 6d. per Half-pint. Scaled Packet, Post-free. THE HEAVIEST CROPPING VARIETY. THE FINEST POD. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. THE FINEST IN EVERY WAY. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. ORCHIDS AND PALMS SPECIALTIES. The Stock is of such magnitude thut, without seeing it, it 19 not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. FRUIT TREES. ROSES, AZALEAS, CAMELLIAS. BOUVAKDIAS. CYCLAMENS. EUICAS, ErACRIS, SOLANUMS. TREE CARNATIONS, and other WINTER and SPRING BLOOMING PLANTS, of tine (juality and inimense numbers. iKSPECTtON InVITKD. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. lU IT TREES For Market and Private Growers. ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. Dcsrriptire CATALOdTJES Post-free. I nHEAL^QONS U«M Crawley. ' W Sussex. JiNUARV 12, 1880.] TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 37 1889 NEW SEED CATALOGUE. 1889. DICKSON, BROWN & TAIT, Seed Merchants by Royal 'Warriint to H.R.H. the Prince of Walea, CORPORATION STREET, MANCHESTER, Beg to announce that their Descriptive CATALOGUE OF CHOICE VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, &c., for 1889, Is now puhUshed, ani may be had Post-free on appHration. /-^\JT> T /\OT7M'7 THE LARGEST AND OLDEST v-'nrii i-iV/rviLi\Xi) german seed house, erfurt. AU Fhwer and reffetabU Seeds are supplied Post-free, and airive within 10 rf^ys nfter receipt 0/ Order. X O ir HE A I) Y, Before you Order the English Edition of ^--^5^^^^/ '''""' LORENZ'S —xcifE^/l*^ I \ SEEDS FOR THE SPRING, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, anii exact Cultural Directiooa, GRATIS and POST-FREE, on application. Postage tor Letters to Germany, 2^rf. Post Cards, \d. BEAD THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other firm. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman bv SiiocialWarrant to H.M. the Empress ot Germany, H.M. the King of Saxony. H.M. the King of Bavaria, H.M. the King of the Netherlands. H.M. the King of Roumania. H.M. the King of Serbia. H.R.H. the Grand Duke of He?se. H.H. the Duke of Anhult, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-ftee, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, & C. SEND FOR PRICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3jd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 5= ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels ot not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed aaved from Prize Plant.3. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 55. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named variftios, separate, bs. ^d.; 6 ditto. 3s. Tubers, Named Singlea, from \2k. to 42s. perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlinga, 12s. to 2\ft per doz ; Bedding, choiceat, 6.t. and 0.?. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 42.?. per doz.; irimamed, very choice. 24s. and 30.?. per doz. ; choicest Mixeil, 185. per doz. Order din'et from ua, to procure our splendid strain, CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. pUIMULAOBCONICA(crop 1888) for Present -I- Sowing, per packet. 6rf. and 1*. Lnrgo Trade packed, 3s. 6rf.,,'i.^., 10s, 6rf..and 21s. each. Primrose, Old Double Crim- Bon Pompadour: aee coloured plate in the Garden. Oct.. 1888, and also Hartland's " Year Dook " of Seeds for 1889. Magnifi- cent plants, 15s. per dozen. Is. 6rf. each. Helianthus plenus, new double quilled or Hartland's " Soleil d'Or." a new plant to English gardens, the flowers very double, more orange in tone than yellow, and quilled after the manner of a Cactus-Dahlia. As a hardy, herbacious, perpetual blooming plant has few equals. Strong plants for March delivery, 2s. 6rf. each, post- free. See Hartland's " Year Book" of Rare Seeda for 1889. Post-free. 7Jrf; gratis to intending customers. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Seedsman. F.R..H.S., Cork. ^^ PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY Beg to inform their Customers that their CATALOGUES for 1889 have now been posted. Any one not having received a copy as usual is requested to communicate with them, and another will at once be forwarded. This splendid Catalogue will be sent gratis to any one applying for same. RIDDLES &: CO., 47a and 48. Forest Road. Loughborough. A FEW PAIRS OF LARGE HEALTHY PALMS for IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL— LATANIA BORBONICA, CHAM/EROPS EXCELSA, and PHOENIX EECLINATA, 3feetto6feethigh, from 10.?. perpair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, N. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6rf. per cake ; free by parcel poet. 1«. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages ana printed cultural directions enclosed, with oursignature attached. '^ WM. CUTBUSH AWD SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Hiehuat^ Nurseries. N. H A R R ISDN'S TRADE MARK, GENERAL CATALOGUE OF THEIR CHOICE LEICESTER SEEDS Post-free on application. KKGISTEKED. W. KICHABDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W,C. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTER. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Is super&edi ng the Use of other Insecticides. Used by nearly all the Leading Gardeners. 1 Gallon. 9s.; ^ Gallon, 5s.; 1 Quart. 35. 6rf. ; 1 Pint, 2s. Te>timouials and full particulars upon application. J. BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Humber, Hull. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medal.'^ awarded in 1888. J . JENSEN AND CO. , (Limited). 109. Fenchurch Street. London . EESON'S MANURE. — The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write tor Circular containing the Leading G irdeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is.. 2s. rtrf.. 5s. 6rf.. and 10s. 6rf. each. or 1 cwt.. Bags, sealed. ISs. By allS+iedemen. or apply direct to W. H. BEE60N. Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield. 38 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januaht 12, 1889. THE EARLIEST PEA 18 CARTERS' LIGHTNING " The Earliest Pea in the B.H.S. Chiswick Trials." " Carters' Lightning was First 11) Iby Seven Days." — Journal of \lIorticu!tuye, December 13,1888. W*' Price in Sealed Packets, i'2b. ea. per Pint; Post-free, 23. 9d. A ISEAUTIia'LLY ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE Of this and other Sterling NoveUien, containing SEVEN COLOURED PLATES Price {]d. ; Gratis to C^istomcrs. ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANTS. 237&238,HIGHH0LB0RN, LONDON. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60«. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to gioe the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. ANTHONY WATERER INVITRS AN IN'SPECTIOX FllOM INTRNDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straiejlit sterna, fine head'i, and splendid roots. All fiave been transplanted witliin wo years : — ACACIA BESSONLiNA. 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- EENS. 12 to M feet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 teet; A. DASYCARPUiM WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A, NEGUNDO VARIEGATA. Standards. 8 to 10 feet ; A. LEO- POLDII. 12to 14f.-Pt; A, REITENBACHII, 12 lo 14 feet | A. SCHWEDLERII, 12 to 16 teet; A. WORLEYII, Stmdards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH. Mountain. 10 to 14 feet. BEECH. Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BKCH. Silver, 12 to 16 feet. CHESTNUT. Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double Wliite. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet, 12 to 16 teet; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English. 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey. 12 teet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 teet. LIQUIUAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to Hi feet. OAK. English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 13 lo 14 feet ; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA. 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety). 12 to 16 teet; SYCAMORE. Common, 14 to 16 teet; Purple. 14 to 16 feet. THORNS. Double Scarlet. 8 to 10 feet; White. 8 to 10 feet, WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping. Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH. Y'oung's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards. 8 to 14 ft. ELMS. Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH. Weeping. Pyramids. 8 lo 10 feet. OAK. Weeping, English. Standards, 10 lo 12 feet. POPLAR, Weeping, Pyniraids, ami Standards, 10 to 12 feel. .SOPHORA JAPoNiCA PENDULA. Standards. 8 lo9feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. LITTLE ^BALLANTYNE, NURSERYMEN AND SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN, AND H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES CARLISLE, Have the pleasure to announce that their Descriptive SEED CATALOGUE for 1889 is now published, and will be posted free to any address, on application. It contains : — VEGETABLE SEEDS— of superior and selected stocks. FLOWER SEEDS— from Prize Strains. SEED POTATOS— specially grown for seed on new land. Collections of tbe above from 5s. to £6 5s. EVERY REQUIREMENT FOR THE GARDEN. All Orders over 5s. Carriage Paid. THE EARLIEST POTATO. SHARPE'S VICTOR. 6d. per Pound. Ready for lifting in eight or ten weeks after planting. 4 lbs. delivered free. CHARLES SHARPE & 00. SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canos and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Boyal Nurseries, CHESTER. CLimitcilJ. THE ii 5J LORILLARD TOMATO Is by far the earliest, most prolific, finest flavoured, and handsomest \'ariety ever seen. A\'ithout a rival for forcing. For Sale by the leading Iiondon Seedsmen. Scotch Ai/cnts - ALEX. CROSS & SONS, Glasgow. Ilcad-ijunrtcrs — A.D.GOWAN&GO.,NEWYORK,U.S.A. NEW PEA for 1889. WEBBS' " ROYAL STANDARD," THE BEST MAIN CROP PEA. Originated by hybridising the well-known varieties — Ne Plus Ultra and Telephone. It is a blue wrinkled marrow, of strong constitution, attiiining a height of 5 feet, and is a great and continuous bearer ; the pods are very large, broad, straight, and closely tilled with from 7 to 9 extra large Peas, which aro of the most di.'lic.nte Havour. Its handsome pods render it a great acquisition for exhibition. In Sealed Packets, 5s. per Pint. CARRIAGE PAID. For particulars of Webbs' Xo\ cltit's, sou WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Beavbiftdly Illustrated, Post free Is. By Royal Appointments to H M. the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. WORDSLEY, STOURBRIDGE. Beautiful Spring Flowers obtained by planting BARR'S BEAUTIFUL DAFFODILS in Slirubbery Borders, Wood.s, Meadows, &e. BEAUTIFUL MIXTURE, 21s. per 1000. 5000 for 84.<. For massing in Borders, Naturalising in Woods, &c. BABR'S Beautiful Blue CHIONODOXA LUCILliE. C. SAK- DENSIS. SCILLA BIFOLIA, and ELWES' GIANT SNOWDROP, in mixture, 25s. per 1000; or 5000 for £i 5s. BABB & SON, 12 and 13, King Street, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. THE FIRST GARDENERS IN ENGLAND PBONOUNCK OAKSHOn & MILLARD'S NOVELTIES Per 1889, To be the BEST. For piirtieuhirs see OAKSHOTT & MILLARD'S SPRING ANNUAL for 1889, Now ready. The present edition has been practically written by practica men, is full of most useful information, and should be read by all Purchasers of Seeds before buying elsewhere. Gd. post-free. Gratis to intending purchasers. OAKSHOTT & MILLARD, SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN, READING. gnritiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiriiiiiiriuitiiiiiiniilliuuiiMiiiirliiiiiilll'g I PLANTING SEASON. | I HARDILY-GROWN I I^OREST, ^RUIT,| = A ALL OTHER = I TREES X PLANTS, I I Evergreens, Roses, &c. | I NlJltsmMKS~400 Acitics. I i Largest £ Finest Stocks in Europe, z I INSPECTION EARNESTLY INVITED. | I Priced Catalogues Gratis &. Post Free. I = Estimates i. all PAencuLARS on Application. = S tl.lMi'n:ln. I I Tlic M»^lltc^i<^•4. i I ^_ Chester. I I '^^'''^SJj£,H''''"rDicksons Cliesterr f ^lUIIIIIIIIIIIIinillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllHItUIIIIIIIIIMIIIIllllllllllllllft Jancaht 12, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 39 NEW CUCUMBER CYCLAMEN. From the '^ Gnrdcners' Chronicle" of April 21. 1S8S : — "Mr. B. S. Williams' group of Cytlameii, exliibited at the Ghent Show, excited general admiration, a circumstance that those who are acquainted with his excellent strain will not be surprised at. His flowers were excellent specimenj:* of culture ftudselection. It was awarded a Gold Medal valued lOOfrflncs." ^-^TTh^v'r^v^ PRIMULAS. Jrom Mr. Ashrldge. The Gardens, Abbots Barton:—** The Primulas I hare had from you for years past turned out most satisfactory. I have taken First Pri/.e for the last two years at our show in an extraordinary competition." 8^ These superb strains have been known to the Horticultural "World for the last 32 years, and have received more GOLD MEDALS and AWARDS than any- Other strains in existence. Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1889, GontalQing Descriptions, Illustrations, and Testimonials, will be forwarded Gratis and Postrfree to all applicants. DANIEL'S MASTERPIECE. We have in former years introduced some remarlably fine encumbers, but never had more pleasure than in introducing this one. as it is without doubt the handsomest Cucumber ever raised. The fruit are slightly spioed. and of a nch emerald- green 20 to 30 inches long. For colour, quality of fleh. sym- metry of form, constitution, and proliScness. they are models of perfection— a grand exhibition frmt, and far surpasses most other kinds for market purposes. For many years the fortunate raiser has enjoyed the monopoly of this variety, his fruit taking a leading place in Covent Garden Market, bringing a much larger return than other kinds, an! it was not until this last season that he could be induced to part with the stock, of Y"'!'." we have secured but a limitvJ quantity. Pel- pkt., 1/6 & 2/b. As a Supplement TO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Next Weekj Jauuar// 1 9, WILL BE Published an Ink Fhotograjili or DATURA A R B 0 R EA, GARDEN of T. II. MA UDSLEY, Esq. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 12, 1889. CHRYSANTHEMUM FERENCE. CON- DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, NORWICH. MIDWINTER CHRYSANTHEMUMS.* SO much has been said and written on the general cultivation of the Chrysanthemum by eminent writers and grower.^ that it is not necessary for me to refer to it. There is, how- ever, one phase of the culture of the flower which has received but little attention, and which is, consequently, the least understood by the majority of growers. I allude to what is now usually known as the cultivation of mid- winter Chrysanthemums, which matter I have adopted as the subject of this paper. A quickened and increasing interest is being taken in this branch of the culture of Chrysan- themums, and rightly so, considering that it enables us to have their flowers in perfection for at least two months longer than formerly, and at a time when there is a great paucity of other flowers. By establishing the Midwinter Exhi- bition and the very liberal prizes offered, the National Chrysanthemum Society has done much, no doubt, to bring about and foster this interest in late cultivation with the view to pro- longing the season and decorative usefulness of this increasingly popular flower. Growers who essay the cultivation of mid- winter Chrysanthemums will, by selecting the naturally late-flowering kinds, by late propaga- tion, and by suitable treatment of the plants, find it a comparatively easy matter to prolong the blooming season to a much later date than at one time was considered possible. They will no longer be satisfied to see, as in the past, the greater part of their Chrysanthemum blooms pass away with the dying year. No ; they will » A paper read by Mr. J. Kipling, Knebworth House, at the Chrysanthemum Conference, Koyal Aquarium, January 9, 1889. 40 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 12, 18ft9. find it is possible to prolong the season, and to have blooms in quantity up to the end of February, into March, or even into April. Indeed, the production of mid and late winter blooms is only in its infancy. AVe have, so to speak, only just crossed the threshold of know- ledge as to what can be accomplished in the direction indicated. Having been fairly successful in the cultiva- tion of mid- winter Chrysanthemums, I will, without troubling to give the minor details, describe as briefly and as lucidly as I can the procedure by which I have been enabled to span the year with Chrysanthemum blooms. Refer- ring first to the cuttings, I would state that they are taken mostly from plants that have bloomed in November and December. After they have bloomed the stems are cut down, all weakly shoots removed, and the stools placed in a cold pit to keep them back. The cuttings are struck at three different times— namely, February, March, and April, in the last week of each month. Those struck in February are put under handlights in a cold pit ; and those struck in March and April have the assistance of a slight hotbed. The cuttings selected are the latest sucker or root growth, preference being given to those that are stout and short-jointed. As soon as the cuttings are struck they are care- fully hardened and placed in a frame with a north aspect. When sufficiently advanced the cuttings are potted and returned to the frames, kept close till the roots begin to run freely, and then gradually exposed. As soon as the weather will allow the plants are stood out-of-doors on a bed of ashes ; before they become root-bound they are shifted into 6-inch pots and returned to the ashbed, where they are placed in a north aspect, with a view to keeping them back. By the middle and end of July respectively most of the plants are ready to be transferred to their flower- ing pots. Those intended for the supply of cut flowers are shifted into 9, 10, or 12-inch pots, three plants in each ; and those intended for decorative pur- poses are shifted into 7 or 8-inch pots. When all have been potted they are ready to be placed in their summer quarters, to the proper selection of which I attach much importance, for on it will depend in no small degree the success in procuring very late blooms. It will be seen that our practice differs somewhat from the generally accepted " full exposure to the sun " course of procedure. In growing Chrysanthemums for late flowering it is necessary to defer to the latest date possible the formation of the crown bud. This can be done in two ways — first, by the constant pinching-back of the shoots or cutting down the plants at a certain date, so as to produce late growths, and thus delay the production of the crown bud, which practice I find weakens the plant too much, and the blooms pro- duced by it are poor. The second method is to place the plants in such a position through the summer that the ripening of the wood is delayed, and the pinching-back of the shoots be reduced. It is well known that Chrysanthemums which are placed where exposed to the sun's rays throughout the day have the maturing process of the wood begun and finished early, and as a consequence of this the early formation of the crown bud takes place ; it follows then that if plants are placed in such a posi- tion as to have less direct sunlight on them through the day the ripening process will not begin so early, and will proceed more slowly. As a result the production of the crown bud is greatly retarded ; indeed, it shows itself at a much later date, which is exactly the result desired in growing them for late blooming. My plants occupy a position on the north- east side of a Laurel hedge, but are not over- shadowed by it. They have the benefit of the morn- ing sun up to 10 o'clock, when, through the inter- vening of some trees, it does not shine on them again till .3 o'clock in the afternoon. - In this position they grow slowly, the wood ripens late, but sufficiently to ensure us a good crop of flowers. 1 may here state that a partly shaded position might not be suitable in very late or northerly localities ; nor is it possible by this practice to have huge, or even very large blooms. But very large blooms are not wanted at this season of the year to which I am referring ; smaller blooms, or trusses of blooms, are more serviceable for the various purposes of decora- tion, and also for personal adornment. They are certainly more appreciated by a majority of those who love the Chrysanthemums. In my case cut bloom is the principal requirement, and consequently but little attention is paid to the training of the plants, my object being to have good strong bushes with stout shoots, from nine to twelve to a plant, and containing plenty of stored-up force. Shoots of this description will give a second crop of side flowers after the flrst or leading blooms have been cut. The plants which are grown principally to cut from are stopped only once, namely, at the second potting, and those intended for pot or specimen plants are topped three times, the final topping taking place in the last week in July. The plants are carefully attended to as regards watering, tying, &c., but very little liquid manure is given them. If satisfactory progress is made, the crown buds will begin to show at the end of Sep- tember, but principally through October, These buds I retain on one-half of the plants, while on the other half they are rubbed out, and the terminal bud selected later on, for the purpose of keeping up a succession of bloom. The plants are left outside to as late a date as is considered safe. They are- then taken in and arranged in an unheated Peach-house, from which the frost is excluded by two paroftin stoves. In this house they continue their growth and swell their buds very slowly, the terminal buds appearing at the end of November and through December. About the end of November we begin to draft the plants as required to a very light and airy vinery, where, with the assistance of a little artificial heat and supplies of liquid-manure, the flowers gradually expand. As fast as the blooms are cut from each set, the flower-stems are slightly shortened, and the plants are encouraged to make side breaks or shoots, which some varieties do very freely, especially those with not over-ripened wood. These side growths give us a goodly supply of small flowers through March and April. It was from the side and basal shoots of cut- back plants that I obtained a [.box of flowers and sent them to my friend Mr. Holmes on April 20 last. My notes show that the last blooms were cut on May 29, and at that date we had blooming in pots, under glass, the early Pompons, St. Mary, La Petite Marie, and Nanum, of which varieties we usually pot a good stock in the early autumn to propagate from for summer display. These Pompons carried on the blooming period, and shook hands, as it were, with similar kinds which bloomed with us outdoors on June 20. Such was the manner in which I was enabled to wreath the year with Chrysanthemum blooms. AVith reference to the varieties which are best for growing for late blooming, I would say that there are sorts which are naturally late to bloom, and are invaluable for the purpose. But there are a few of the mid-season varieties which, as I have proved, cannot be excelled by any, especially for giving second crop flowers. They all, or mostly all, belong to the Japanese section. I have found very few of the incurved kinds worth the time and labour spent on them for giving late blooms. They are not free enough, the blooms opening indifferently, and do not keep well— at least, such is my experience of them. Of the Japanese varieties I have found the follow- ing varieties the best: — Belle Paule, Kicmpferi, Etoile du Midi, Ethel. Mrs. C. Carey, C6res, Mdlle. Cabrol, Gloriosum, Cry Kang, Comtesse de Beaure- garde, Meg Merrilies, and its sports, Ralph Brockle- bank, and Countess of Lytton — the last-named sport having originated with myself. Mr. D. B. Chapman and W. G. Drover are also proving very late, but not over free in blooming. For pot speci- mens I find the best to be Pere Delaux, Virginale, Miss Margaret, Snowdrop, Golden Gem, and Boule de Neige. The two last-named cannot be surpassed by any that I know for late pot work. There may be others quite as good for late blooming, and if there are, I hope those who have grown them will, in the course of the discussion, give us their names. CHRYSANTHEMUM SPORTS.* No plant, so far as I am aware, can bear com- parison with the Chrysanthemum for its proclivity to what is generally termed sporting. Anyone studying the scientific features of these flowers in this respect cannot but be intensely interested in tracing the origin of these so-called sports. The word sport does not to my mind seem a very appro- priate one ; the nearest definition we have of the word is playful or freakish, and hence we hear sports called freaks of Nature. Now a freak of Nature is a a monstrosity, 'something abnormal, or a distinct departure from Nature's laws, as for instance fascia- tion — fruit or other trees flowering out of their natural time, foliage becoming variegated, &c. Such freaks as these may arise from disease or climatic influences, whereas Chrysanthemum sports are developed on a fixed principle, probably by purely chemical means, and I should say admit of expla- nation. However, the term is not a question of great moment. In this paper I will glance through several features in connection with sports, in order to show that Nature works with man, not against him by any eccentric divergence, except on rare occasions, as before said, of unnatural freaks ; and that these changes in colour in the Chrysanthemum take place in such a systematic order as to give encourage- ment to the scientific man to find out by experiments the causes that are at work, enabling him eventually to wrest from Nature its secrets, and then, so to speak, place at his disposal the knowledge how to produce these sports at will. I shall show that sports are divided into two sections — the simple variation on the original ground colour, and the complete changes or cross from one section to the other. I shall also speak of the natural colours of flowers, then trace the variation from the i)rimitive colour we find belonging to the Chrysanthemum, and give a list of such sports known more generally to Chrysanthemum growers of the present day. In the first place, from how many distinct colours do we suppose that the many thousands of tints seen in numberless flowers have originated ? That all flowers have originated from comparatively few, I think no one will question, that of original colours there must have been fewer still. If anyone were to ask me which I considered the most distinct colours in flowers. I should point them to our Union Jack and in the red, white, and blue there displayed I think we have the three colours from which all others are derived. Yellow is the next important colour, but whether yellow is, or was, an original colour of itself, or a variation from the white, is doubtful. I shall, at all events, I think, be able to show that it is but a secondary colour in the Chrysanthemum. Red is an original colour, and as a ground colour does not appear in these flowers. What reds we do find are simply reflections on a distinct brown colour. A true red must be a self colour— as, for instance, in the scarlet Pelargonium. But where one colour is simply a reflection on another, in such instances the ground colour changing also creates a different reflection ; thus the colours red and purple are really the same ; the white re- flects a purple, but the yellow turns it into red, and neither red nor purple are produced as ground colours of themselves. I have come to the conclusion that * This paper was written by Mr. N. Davis, Comberwell. for Mr. Lewis Cestle's Chri/xnntkemum Annual of 1889. and r«ad at the National Chrysnnthemum Society's Con[oreiic<>. January 0. January 12, 1880.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 41 the ground colour of a flower can only be cimnged lit the original starting point. Take another class of (lowers, the relar{j;oniunis. Some are trying to produce a yellow through the medium of a scarlet, hut I fancy they will work in vain, for careful study loads to similar facts as 1 have pointed out in the Chrysanthemum. We get purple as well in the Pelargonium, not as a sport, but as a separate cross by fertilisation. A yellow IVlargonium, ia my all one's reasons, but I have long ago come to the conclusion that it is almost impossible to expect any otiier distinct colour in the Chrysanthemum, that is either a scarlet or a blue. Take another flower, the Primula. Some people expect to raise a true blue fiom a lavender. I do not say it cannot be done, though I very much doubt it. Lavender is but a variation from a white. There is none of the force from which a blue may be produced, and I should say ^^■T^ Fig. 5. — TACHIADENCS CAltlNATUb; FLOWKBS POBPLE, TUIIE WHITB. tEOM a DKAWIMJ by MB. \VEATHEnij. (see p. 43.) opinion, is only likely to be produced from a white flower, and then only by cross-fertilisation with a species bearing flowers containing the desired colour. So it is with the Chrysanthemum. We have but two ground [colours, neither of which will produce anything but reflections. Unless a new colour enters by a change gradually from the white in the same way as yellow has done, it cannot come at all, and I should say that it could not be done unless by cross-fertilisation with other flowers as men- tioned before. It must be difiicnlt in a paper like this to explain there is far more chance of obtaining it from the original colour, and the farther you get away from it the less chance there is. Blue is not obtained by a mixture, but is one of the original colours. Of course we can go on deepening the reflective colours in the Chrysanthemum till eventually we get to black, because black is but a dark purple ; it is produced on two ground colours, purple and white. When a black Pansy, for instance, is held to a light, the purple shows itself plainly enough, and the shading of the white, too, as a rule — thus a black Chrysanthemum may originate from a white, through all the shades of blush, miuive, and purple. In bringing illustrutiuus of other flowers into my remarks I do so but to put more force ujion the lessons to be learnt from a study of Nature's laws in regard to colour, and to show that it is unreason- able to e.xpect Nature to alter its laws at the will of man. As I have said bolore. Nature will work with man so long as he follows her laws. So far as we find out nature's secrets, so far can we work at will. In the following tables I hope to show clearly that the original colour of the Chrysanthemum was white, and that from this colour in systematic order proceed all the hundreds of tints we now find, from dark purple on the one side to its equivalent colour on the branch side. OHifiiNAt. Coi.ovK Wunr. ^"^^^t fT'" f ^"rlln Gradual variation, on tl,e colour and .anio vanatiou o^.g,„„i g,„„^j j.„,„„^ t(s oa the origiuul brunch. Creiim Sulphur Primrose Yellow Golden Amber Orange Bronze lied Crimson BUt-ih Peadi Pink . Salmon Rose) Lilac Mauve Violet Amaranlli Purple Bhtch. These are only outlines; between the several degrees there are numerous shades. The various tints found on the white ground flowers will create the same tint, or its equivalent, when sporting to the other section. Thus, from the original colour we get by minute gradations two distinct branches, and I shall further follow this up by showing, which I will do in another list of sports produced, what a systematic course these sports take. There is no erratic change from one extreme to the other, but all takes place in a most regular order. I think this is not a subject that has been often entered upon; why, I cannot understand, because there must be a vast amount of information to be gathered by anyone following up known facts by careful experiments. I read of an instance once where sports of Chrysanthemums were incidentally mentioned; I think it was a member of the Scien- tific Committee of the JIassachusetts Horticultural Society who introduced the subject ; but the only fact he recorded was, that the Chrysanthemum did sport, and he illustrated the fact by stating that yel- low flowers become white ones ; but this was directly contrary to my experience with sports, for, with the exception of yellow sports from white reverting to their original colour through not being properly fixed, I have never known an instance where any yellow- ground flower sported to the original, and this I think ia an important point to keep in view — viz., a white Chrysanthemum will con- tinually sport to a yellow, but never the reverse. Other sports are only in the secondary degree, being but variations in the same branch ; these may be called sports, but it is in the reflective colour only. The term reflective used here is one I have adopted as the most suitable one I can think of to illustrate my meaning, but perhaps some explanation may be desirable. We already have such phrases as tinted, flushed, flaked, striped, shaded, &c. A white does not cease to be a white because it is tinted ; it has lost its purity and commenced to assume other colours, but the white is still the ground colour. Although tha tint may deepen to such a degree as to eventu- ally create a deep purple, the white is still seen in the reverse of the florets; the flower as it dies away throws off this reflective colour more or less. I have seen the colour in such varieties as Madame deSevin and the old Striatum die away and leave nothing but the white ground colour. James Salter, again, throws oft" its mauve reflection and leaves the white Lady Selborne. On the yellow branch most crimson tints die off and leave the yellow ground, hence these surface colouis are reflected different according to the ground colour, as pointed out before. A'l ftiis GABbENi^ns' ciiro^'icLE, [iANTjABY 12 18S9. I hare neither the means nor the knowledge for ascertaining any definite cause or the order of things that create these changes ; but it seems to me that if such sports are continually occurring, it is surely reasonable that these causes could be ascertained. The change must, I think, be simply a chemical one, and by chemical analysis it should be investigated. The investigation might be a long and tedious matter, but, as I have before hinted, the question opens up an important subject. The Chrysanthemum forms a good subject to work upon. Spjrts sometimes come in seedlings, sometimes from the root, but more generally from the branches. Koot sports are very deceptive. If we find a single branch sport, we naturally look to that branch entirely to fix it. We often find the whole plant sport, and we are apt to call it a root sport, but this does not always follow. If a plant sport on, say, all three or four branches, may not the cliange take place at the break, and affect all the branches as it would one ? It would not then be a root sport, and propagation from the root would generally lead to disappointment. I have known valuable sports lost in this way. Even when a sport does take place at the root, it never fixes itself. Not only will a large percentage revert at once, but the sport will con- tinually be doing so. On the other hand, my experience teaches me a true branch sport will iix itself and remain constant. The lesson to be learnt from this is, never cut a sportive plant down, but propagate from the branches above the break, I should say that the sun is the chief agency that works upon the chemical properties of the plants, and the sun being at its full power at the time the Chrysanthe- mum maUe^ its break, is the reason that the plants sport at this particular period. That sports occur in seedlings I have had an opportunity of witnessing. I had some seed from Madame Desgrange taken from a plant at a time and place where no other variety of Chrysanthemum was in bloom. The seedlings came all shades of blush and white with one exception, aud that had a distinct yellow ground. Now, as the plant from which the seed was pro- cured could nut have been crossed with any yellow variety, this must have been a sport. Another remarkable thing I should like to call attention to is a sort of natural affinity in these sports. A variety rarely seems to sport in one place alone. Such a variety may go for many years without showing any inclination to sport, and then all at once sports appear in all directions. I used to think this must have been through the change being fixed in the root previously, and carried away by propagation, but careful inquiry tells me this is not a fact, but that each sport is a separate fixture, and as the same thing occurs in nearly every instance it seems to show that the same climatic influences work upon the whole. j\Iy remarks have been entirely applied to sports of colour; there are at times slight alterations or changes in the plants themselves, but in most instances they are more fanciful than real. I have had numberless so-called sports submitted to me that have no foundation for their being so at all ; in fact, in most instances I have found them wrongly named. In some instances pieces from one plant w ill accidentally take root in another pot, and it isdifficult to persuade anyone who has little knowledge of varie- ties that they have not actually got a sport. I have never known any plant to make any remarkable change, though the sport in colour often fixes itself either on a weaker or stronger average plant, and the future constitution may be retained accordingly. I cannot see any reason for this, but it seems so, and we have such instances in the Queen of England family. Lord Alcester is undoubtedly an improved flower, whereas, on the other hand. Bronze (^ueen is just the reverse. Ralph Brocklebank, again, is a stronger constituted flower than ever its parent was, but these changes are but slight. We secure more sports now than we used to, not that there are any greater influences at work, but bfcause growers have more knowledge of sports, and again, there are far more growers, and consequently a wider range for them altogether. Notwithstanding this, how- ever, the sports that come before the public I am inclined to think they form but a small proportion of what actually are produced. It may seem a strange thing, too, that we rarely hear of sports anywhere but in this countrj. The reason of this is, I con- sider, that the majority of sports have occurred in the incurved varitties, the culture of which until very recently was almost exclusively confined to this country. The value of sports can bfst be illustrated from the fullowing. Suppose we had to make uj) a stand of twenty-four distinct varieties incurved Chrysan- themums only being able to show one variety each of any one family — only one Queen, one Princess, ^c. We now take these two, together with Princess Teck, Venus, and Beverley, and here we have five original varieties which total up in families to no less than twenty -six varieties, or if we add Prince Alfred. Jardin des Plantes, Lady Hardinge, Prince of Wales, Mrs. G. Kundle, Novelty, and White Globe, we have but twelve varieties, and these total up in groups to forty distinct flowers, which, together with about five or six others that have not sported yet, they form almost the total list of what are regiided as first-class exhibition varieties. The appearance of tliese sports has driven out of general cultivation a number of smaller flowers that many of us part with with regret. We do not see such well-formed flowers shown now as we used to when Captivatiun, Little Harry, Formosa, Lady Slade, Enamel, ttc, were favourite varieties, and the varieties of the Kundle family are fast going out of cultivation. It behoves such So- cieties as the National not to allow these smaller, but more ideal types, to be altogether lust. The following is a list of sports in which- the ground-colour does not change ;^ Rkflexeu. Christine Peach Developed. Bronze Sport Lady Margaret Alludame Goderaux Anue Lo"'« Mrs. Rusaell Parent. Touquet Fait .Tamfy Salter Roseum iiietiini Mdlle. Lacroix Golden Hevrrlt'y Queen of Enf^lainI Gulden Qupeii of ICiig Queen of Enj,'land George Glenuy Guernsey Nuggi^t Jardin des Plantes Princess of Teck Princess of Teck Mrs. N. Davis Princess of W'ales White Globe ^'enus Tenus Xoviilty Cliristine Poaeli ., Pink Golden Annie Salter St. Mary Mrs, Culliiigford Mrs. Wood St. Crouts Koso Trevcnua Lilac Cedo Nulli Kose d'Amour The following is colour changes, the being retained : - Pnrent. Baronnc d-' Prailly Boii(|uet Fait Ethel Edonard Audiguicr Madame .Tohn Luiiig Meg Merrilit's Lady Selborne DiioslopeiL Sport. Mist Gortoon Lidy Selbarne Striatum Pink Sport n. Mr. Buun Empress uf In lia ■""Uronze Sport Alfred Salter Golden Goo. Glenny Bron/.e Sport Bronze Sport Hero of Stoke Xewin^ton Lord Eversley Clias. Gibson Violet Tomlin Mr^, Cros*tieId Wliite \'enus Mrs. Westoa Alfred Lyne Christine Pink .. White Orange Annie Salter Higham Miss D.ivis Bronze- red Sport Wliite Trevenna White Cedo Nulli Miss Wlieeler a list in which the ground variation or reflective colour JAPAXKsr. Developed. Sport . Carew Undpr\iood Wni. Robinson :\Ir^. H. .T. .Tones Jlrs. Wm, Walters Sarah ()\M'n Ralph Brockh-ba-ik Yellow Sport lAXL'KVKD. Beverley Empre-ss of Indiii Erapre-'iffin Forniuunni luti-iim George Glenny Angelina Mrs, W. Shipmin Mrs. Nornnin Uavis ]-a'ty Dorothy Mi«s Hiigna.-s Yl'IIow Ch.b.' Lord W.d^eley Mr. Co bay Pompons and Early. Lyon Madame Picol Madame Desgrangea White Trevenna Wliite Cedo Nulli Mi>s Wheuler Rosinante Snowdrop Alice Butcher Mr. W. Piercy G. Wermig Golden Sport Golden Sport Mrs. Batemao Kellic Raiiiford Golden Sport ' This sport did not origioata direct from Queen of England, DAMPING IN CHRYSANTHEMUM BLOOMS.' Damping of the blooms is one of the gieatest annoyances Chrysanthemum growers have to contend with, for in a severe case damp steals over the blossoms so suddenly as to do irreparable mischief in a few hours. What makes it more vexatious, it does not occur in the early part of the season when there might be tinie to secure fresh plants, and so in some measure recover our loss, but after a season s labour and care have been bestowed on the )>lants, and those in charge are looking hopefully forward for satisfactory results to reward them for their patient and enthusiastic labour. There are few cultivators of the Chrysanthemum whose experience extends over two or three seasons who have not felt the annoyance and perplexity which this damping causes, and as all good culti- vators are enthusiastic and devoted to their plants it naturally leads them to try and ascertain the cause of this mysterious evil. Everything is thought out to try and find where in the past treatment of the plants cause may have been given for such bad results. The supply of stimulants, chemicals, the drainage of the pots, and ventilation, are all reviewed in order to find where culture miy have been wrong or unsuited to the plants, in order to avoid those bad results in the future. In my own experience I have not suffered more than others, not so much as many have, but I have considered there are two forms of damping. One form damps from the base and centre of the florets, gradually stealing over the bloom until it is useless ; and in the other, where the bloom is suddenly affected at the upper jmrt and presents the appear- ance of having been scalded with hot water. In the first form my opinion is it is chiefly caused by over-feeding and over-watering. To obtain the highly developed blooms we meet with in the pri/,e stands at the exhibitions, it is necessary to assist them with manure, either in a liquid state from the farmyard, or some of the various chemical compounds to be had at the present day. While the plants are growing, manurejudiciously applied is of great benefit to build up vigorous plants, especially when the pots are full of roots and there is no danger of turning the soil in the pots sour. At the approach of autumn — say the middle of September— the buds have all been taken^ some perhaps five weeks, and the wood has become haid up to the buds, a few of the earliest will be showing colour. Owing to the heavy dews we have at this season the plants are unable to take up so much water as they have been accustonied to, and also partly because they are not making growth. But strong manures are continued at tliis stage to obtain si/,e and substance in the florets. In my opinion they are necessary to bring the blooms to perfection, although we may lose a few, especially in the case of varieties that are especially 8u.scoptible to damp. IJut I think care in watering the plants will reduce the evil to a minimum. By careful watering, 1 mean by applying water only when needed. If water is applied at this stage when the soil is wet, and especially if the air is charged with moisture, the plants cannot find an outlet for the superfluous moisture except in the most tender part of the plant— the bloom — leading with the first * Kead by Mr. C. Oib*on, Monleii Park G.irdyn^, Milchum Bl l!u' National Chryanlheraum Society's Cenferonyo January P. jAsr.ua- 12, 188',).] THE GAnDENEnS' ClinOKICLE. 43 adverse weather to the ilecav of the flon ts called " il.nnping," III t'le second furm of " dtmpins " llie worst ca'^e I remember occurred about three seasons ago. We had a ffw days very hot and bright, succeeded by a sudiien change to wot with a little fog; it was about the third Wffk in October, and the early blooms damped most severely at the time. I well remem- ber tbero was a general lament amongst the growers at the Floral Committee meeting we had a day or two afcer. But having another favourable change in the weather damping stopped, and in fact, 1 may say we were free from it for the rest of the st-asor. As a grower 1 have had to guard against earliness, niy plants having a tendency that way. Conse- quently, when housed. I used no lire-heat while the weather kept favourable. When the atmosphere was not overcharged with moisture the blooms appeared all right, but with rain or fog suddenly setting in the chief damp occurreii. The lire would then be lighted and the pipes kept constantly warm, more or less according to the weather, but the tire wasoutat no time except on the morning of a bright day, to be lighted again in the afternoon. From the time the firing was commenced there was a reduc- tion in damping. This leads me to conclude that the atmosphere and the sudden changes of the same have much to do with the damping, and especially where the blooms are suddenly ati'ected. Fire-heat dispels the st:ignant moisture, and causes a buoyant motion in the air favourable to keep- ing the blooms. Where tire-heat is first applied, and blooms are opening, take great care to keep the house well ventihited, and to let the pipes warm gradually. or the sudden heat might cause a great quantity of moisture to ascend, and then be condensed on the blooms, thus .aggravating the evil it is intended to cure. Numbers of early blooms were lost this season through a kind of damping of the lower florets, which faded in the way a bloom would tlirough age, although these had, perhaps, not finished their centres. I believe this is attributable to the foggy weather we had at the time, for, with drier weather, a great improvement at once became apparent, although, I think, blooms generally did not have the staying pmvers of an average season when we had more sun. I think this season the Chrysanthemums have sutTered with most other plants. As this is such a very exceptional season I need not dwell on this matter, for, after all, our eflbrts are feeble with- out that prime agent, the sun. In conclusion, whilst I think where high feeding is carried on for the pro- duction of high-class blooms, damping will be present to some extent in most seasons, I think the best safeguards against damp are careful watering and ventilating, a dry and airy atmosphere, avoiding as mr.ch as possible all sudden changes, and by the frequent use of stimulants rather than by strong doses occasionally. [The damping is caused by a fungus mould, a species of Botrytis or Polyactis. Ed.] New or Noteworthy Plants. . % — ™_ CVPUIPKDIL.M MAIIGAKITACEUM, Franch., in " L'Orthidophile," viii., p. 369, with a coloured pfa^c and a woodcut. Ik the Orchidophiic for December, 1883, the above very- remarkable new Cypripedium is, as mentioned last week, described by i\r. A. Franchet. It is a dwarf plant with a pair of elliptical leaves, 3 to 5 inches long, beautifully spotted with dark brown on a green ground, and of a single flower of 3 inches in diameter. The segments are ciliate, light purple with blackish-purple spots, and the lip blackish-purple. The latter organ is altogethpr novel in structure; trigonous, with the anterior face flat or slightly concave, with a circular open- ing with corrugated border about the middle ; the whole structure reminding one of the Italian musical instrument called the mandolin. This circular opening is completed behind by a pair of small rounded side lobes whose apexes overlap. The plant growg nnder tall trees, in a soil composed of decayed leaves, on Mount Tsang-chan, in the province of Yun-nan, Western China, where it was discovered by the Abbe Delavay. It has, however, been known to the Chini'se Inr many years, and U figured in the great Chinese Kncyclop:edia, Tchl woa Mhuipeared in 18-i'S, and comprises thirty-eight volumes and about IIJOO plates. Tlie rude Chinese ligure is reproduced. M. Franchet establishes a new section, Trigono- pedia, to receive the plant, which he only com pares with C. niveum. It has, however, in my opinion, no real allinity with that species ; on the contrary, it is cer- tainly a typical member of the section Diphylla\ and only dithers from the six spt^eies of that group in the structure of its remarkable lip. Trigonopedia m.ny, therefore, be placed as a sul)-section of Dlphylhe. These other six species are, C. debile^ from Japan ; C. elegans, from Thibet; C. japonicura, from Japan and China ; C. guttatum, widely diffused in Northern Asia; C. acaule, from Xorth-east America; and C. fasciculatum, from California. The remarkable lip of C. margaritaceum, with its circular opening, indicates some curious connection with its insect fertilisers, which it would be extremely interesting to investigate further. B. A. Ru/J'c. CVPRIPEDIDM INSIGXE HoUSMANIANUM, HcM. f. Mr. F. Ta'itz, Studley House, Goldhawk Koad, London, W., has kindly sent me a most elegant and very well coloured flower of this variety, telling me he has had it for two years, it having been imported by Mr. F. Sander. It is really surprising in its peculiar sliape and very elegant colours. It comes near to Cypripedium nitens X , which has a very broad upper sepal. I believe C. Sallieri X is not distinct from C. nitens. H. G. Ifclih.f. Cypripedium Crossianum Tautzianuiji X . This is exceedingly interesting. It has tlie short green leaves, and the dark copper-brown, richly s]iotted petals of Cypripedium Crossianum psit- ta':inum, and the narrow dorsal green sepals, with very little white at the apex, and the nerves covered inside with numerous very small Indian-purple spots, and the blunt-lobed staminode of Cypripedium Crossianum amandum. It is rather pretty. It is thankfully inscribed to its benevolent sender, Mr, F. Tautz, Studley House. Goldhawk Road, London, W., the lucky possessor of lovely Cypripedium Tautzianurax. H. G. Bvhh.f. Epidendru-m radiatcm {Lindl.) fuscatum, n. var. Sir Trevor Lawrence has kindly sent me an in- florescence of this well-known plant, whose perigone is totally sutfused with a peculiar purple tint, not a bright clear one, but one verging a little to mauve and to reddish-brown. H. G. Hchb.f. TACHIADENUS CARINATUS. This is a ])retty stove annual (see fig. 5, p. 41) of the Gentian order, and is closely related to Chironia, Lisianthus, and Exacum. It was introduced by the Kev. William Ellis in 1858, who brought home seeds with him from Madagascar. It grows freely, branches naturally at the base, and attains the height of a foot or so. If stopped when young the stem branches freely, and bushy little specimens may be thus formed. The flowers are produced in autumn, and last over a month before fading. The corolla-tube is white, from 2 to 3 inches long, the colour of the lobes being bright purple. Seeds are invariably produced by cultivated plants : they should be sown in February, and treated like Gloxinias. The plants like a well drained soil and plenty of moisture at the root always. There are five species known, all natives of Mada- gascar. The best of them is L. longiflorns, which i« a stout plant with small leaves and large flowers ;i inches long and 2.V inches across the limb. A pinch of seed placed in an envelope and sent by post would be the means of introducing this and similar plants into gardens. Colonial and foreign readers please note. The illustration on p. 41 (fig. 5), was prepared from a plant at Kew in September last. NOVELTIES OF 1888. {VoiicIk'IviI ffuui i>. S.) Of late years we have looked in vain for the introduction of a stove or greenhouse plant of equal merit with Stephanotis or Allamanda, although some very acce]ituble things arrive, chiefly through tlie diligence of the Orchid collector, who might do far more than he does in that direction, as instanced by the plants which come up on imported Orchids, and which were not intentionally sent by the collector. (_)f that class i.s the brilliant Anthurium Chamberlainii, Mast., with its noble fuliuge and showy crimson spathes, which makes such a featuie in the rockery in the Kight Hon. Joseph Chamber- lain's gardens at Birmingham. For new sLove or greenhouse plants of 1888, therefure, we have mainly to turn to the hybridist. Messrs. James Veitch & Sots have given to our gardens during the past year two grand new Nepenthes in N. DicUsonianaand N. rufes- cens, which are suj)erior to anything in their section. The same firm also have been as markedly successful as of yore in new and worthy Amaryllis and green- house Khododt^ndrons, although the excellent quality of those raised formerly for them by their foreman, Mr. John lleale, renders the certificating of these plants more dilficult each year. The new section of winter-flowering Begonia socotrana hybrids, of which the neat little beauty, B. John Heale, was a startling first break, bids fair tu become a popular and almost indispensable class for the florist — the new variety B. Winter Gem being a winter flowerer of vivid crimson. We have also Gloxinias, Chrysanthemums, and other florists' flowers, of which Messrs. Veitch & Sons have in 1888 produced some fine novelties. M. Ed. Pynaert van Geert, of Ghent, introduced, among other pretty-leaved plants, two very neat ones of great service in garden decoration in l^ithori- sandra pubescens var. taeniensis, and Begonia Lub* bersii. Mr. B. S. Williams received a certificate for Cordy- line australis variegata, also for a very rich scarkt Amaryllis Emperor Frederick, Sarracenia Wil- liamsi x , Leea amabilis splendens, Anthurium Scher- zerianum atro-sanguineum. I\Ir. John Laing secured Botanical Certificates at the Koyal Horticultural Society's exhibition for Anthurium Laingii, as also Mr. Jame?', for Anthurium Scheraerianum sangui- neum. A First-class Certificate of the Uoyal Horti- cultural Society was tak^n by M. Linden, of Brus- sels, for Anthurium Desmetianum — all these various plants being good in their way, and the last-named especially so. During the past season Mr. John Laing and Mr, Cannell, of Swanley, seem to have run neck and neck in large-flowered tuberous Begonias of double and single types, the excellent quality of many of which has enabled them to obtain First-clasa Cer- tificates. The year was marked by the recogniti'^n of the handsome-flowered, fine-foliaged Cannaa, as being worthy decorative plants for the conservatory — Mr. Cannell, Messrs. Veitch, and Mr. Laing receiving certificates for several varieties of which the beauty and usefulness could not be doubted. The Eulalia japonica gracillima, too, of Messrs. Veitch & Sons, an elegant plant, will prove to be useful as a decorative subject. The Royal Horticultural Society's shows at the Drill Hall, Westminster, have, during the past year, been made noteworthy by the fine displays of old but still scarcely'known plants, sent chiefly from the lioyal Gardens at Kew, and also from that rich col- lection of rare plants belonging to Sir George Macleay, of Pendell Court, which is under the charge of Mr. F. Kose, who, i.j ccortlence with the 44 TSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [JakpabV 12, 1880. revised rule, received a First-class Certificate for the fine white-flowered Oxera pulchella, although not a new plant. To our list of greenhouse plants Mr. Chas. Turner, of Slough, adds some magnificent novelties in Indian Azaleas, and in Pelargoniums ; and Mr. John Laing two Cliveas, new in colour, viz., C. Orange Perfection, and C. sulphurea. Ferns received a few additions, chiefly garden forms. The Adiantum versaillense, of Mr. B, S. Williams, is a very neat plant resembling a densely-crested A. excisum or A. CapiUus veneris ; and the A. Waltoni diffusum, a strong-growing and eff'ective decorative plant, probably a hybrid of the favourite A. cuneatum. What beauty and variety there is in a really large representative display of Ferns was capitally exemplified by the collection shown by Mr. Birkenhead, of Sale, at the meeting of the Uoyal Horticultural Society on July 24, and also by that of Mr. May, of Edmonton, at the September meeting. At the former meeting Mr. Birkenhead was awarded First-class Certificates for Nothockcna Muelleri and Lastrea montana ramocristata, and a new Scolopen- drium ; whilst Mr. May secured like awards for Pteris cretica nobilis and P. tremula elegans — varieties whose merit as market plants cannot be over-estimated. Mr. B. S. Williams also introduced a very pretty Lyco- pod in Selaginella cuspidata crispa. The new Gymno- gramma Pearcei robusta of Messrs. Jas. Veitcli & Sons will place the coveted G. Pearcei in the grower's hands bereft of its fatal delicate constitution. IIaedy Plants. These and other plants for the outdoor garden have received a few excellent additions, and it is gratifying to note that many fine old plants have been deemed worthy of a certificate in order to encourage their cultivation more, .and in bringing such plants into notice again, Mr. Ware and Messrs. Paul & Son have done good service. The best hardy plant of the past season was tiie noble, pale blue Ostiowskya magnifica, and for which Messrs. James Veitch & Son received the Koyal Horticuitural Society First-class Certificate on July 10, and which was beautifully illustrated in the Garden, December 29. Of very rare Lilies recognised were L. nepalense, shown Ijy Messrs. Hugh Low ft Co. ; and L. Wal- lichianum, shown by Mr. Ware, both among the elite of rare Lilies. Crocosma aurea var. maculata is a distinct plant and tlie best of its section, and likely to make a favourite plant for the open border or the conservatory — its duration in flower being surprising. The Stuartia pseudo-Camellia of Messrs. Veitch is a fine white-flowered shrub : their Senecio ela:ag- nifolia, Styrax obassia, and Csesalpinia japonica are distinct shrubs ; the Thuiopsis borealis lutea of Mr. Slocock is a valuable addition to fancy Conifers ; and the Gladioli, Pyrethrums, Uaillardias, Paionies, Del- phiniums, and other subjects for which Mr. Kelway has justly received Certificates, fine novelties. Mr. P. Barr had several new Narcissus worthy of his re- nowned collection ; Mr. K. Dean likewise received a First-class Certificate for a new and brilliant dwarf Dianthus, D. Scarlet Bedder, which gave great pro- mise as a garden plant and permanent bedder ; also for D. splendens. Mr. 'Wui. Gordon, of Twickenham, noted for the latest additions in Japanese plants, took Certificates for two new Iris Kxmpferi vars., a fine new Tree P.xony, P. Prince Albert ; and a very dis- tinct and beautiful double Camellia with handsomely folded imbricated petals was shown, which he had imported direct from Japan. In the Rose Climbing Niphetos of Messrs. Keynes, Williams & Co., a fine addition to the climbing class was made ; and among Tea Roses Madame Hoste, Sappho, Cheshunt Scarlet, and Duchess of Albany, all four from Messrs. Paul & Son ; May l^ueen, Messrs. Rivers ; and Princess Beatrice, of Mr. Bennett, were welcome additions ; the last-named receiving, also, a Certificate for a neat little miniature Rose, K. rainuti- folia alba. Messrs. Paul & Son received for a compact variety, R. Gloire de Polyantha, a similar award. The last certificated plant of the season, a seedling Skimmia from Mr. Foreman, was appropriately bright in its scarlet berries. If we add to those already enumerated the Dahlias of Messrs. Keynes, Cheal, Turner, and others, the Chrysanthemums, Primulas, Cinerarias, and such-like, of various nursery firms, a cheering account of progress in tlie garden will be arrived at. Among the new or specially rare and noteworthy plants illustrated in the (jariieners Chi'uniclc in 18S8 will be found Anthurium Chamberlainii, April 14, pp. 464, 405; Crocosma aurea var. maculata, November 17, !>. 565; Iris Korolkowii, July 14, p. iJ7 ; Ostrowskya magnifica, July 21, p. 05 ; O.xera pulchella, February 18, p. 20'J ; Stuartia pseudo- Camellia, vol. iv., p. 187 ; Dichorisandra txniensis, May 5, p. 557 ; Erythronium giganteum albiflorum. May 5, p. 550 ; Begonia Lubbersii, March 10, p. 301 ; Stachys tuberifera. -January 7, p. 13 ; Styrax obassia, August 4, p. 1.31 ; Lilium nepalense, October l-'i, p. 412; Cfcsalpinia japonica, November 3, p. 513; Nepenthes rufescens, December 8, p. 669 ; and N. Dicksoniana, November 10, p. 541. SPECIMEN TREES AT KEW. Onk of the most characteristic trees at Kew is Pinus Sabiniana. Seen isolated on the lawn it pre- sents a striking appearance from its pyramidal habit, long pendulous grey leaves, which wave to and fro in the wind, and which, when still, are so thinly set, that they screen the light, as it were, through the very wide meshes of a sieve. The tree here represented (lig. (3), from a photo- graph, has, according to Mr. Nicholson — to whom we are under so many obligations — a height of 35 feet, a spread of branches of 2S feet, while the stem at 4 ieet from the ground, girths 5 feet 6 inches. It is a Californian tree of little value for timber, but its huge cones furnish seeds used as food by the Indians. AVe may refer the reader to the figure of the cone of this line species at p. 4o, vol. iv., 1883, where also the botanical history of the tree is given. A moderately rich well-drained soil, in not too exposed a situation, suits the tree. THE CULTURE OF I'HAL.E- NOPSIS. Pekhaps there is no section or genus of Orchids more generally admired than this, and every Orchid collector who possesses a he.althy lot of plants takes a pride in showing them to his friends. In many good collections of Orchids the Phahcnopsids do not succeed, and on the other hand some other collec- tions which have been obtained at a very moderate cost are famous for the fine development of these plants. I alluded quite recently to tlie grand plants found in Jfr. Augustas Sillem's collection at Syden- ham, whore these plants were grown in a house with other East Indian Orchids, and every year I have an opportunity of seeing the fine plants belonging to Mr. J. Partington, at Heaton House, Cheshunt. At p. 049, vol. ii., new series, I alluded to the use of salt, and stated that Mr. Searin, who has charge of the Heaton House collection, uses it freely sprinkling it on the floors and also washing with it the gravel on which the plants are placed ; and this seemed to be in accordance with the atmospheric conditions under which the plants grow in their native habitats, that is, with greater vigour within a short distance of the sea beach than they do much further removed from it. On the other hand we cannot lose sight of the fact that Phalainopsids have been grown remarkably well when no salt had been sprinkled in the houses — Mr. Sillem's plants to wit. I?or many years, too, I had the pleasure of observing how well these plants were grown by the gardener to Mr. F. A. Philbrick, Avenue Road, Regent's Park, and again by Jlr. Ileims, the gardener, in a house of much smaller size, at his place at Oldfield. Bickley, Kent; and in neither case was salt employed. There is, however, one point gained from the lleaton House superintendent, and that is of some use to us in our search for the best method of cultivation— that salt may be used freely, and if it does no good, it certainly does no harm ; and as ia sometimes the case when all efl'orts have failed to grow the plants well, salt may be tried as a last resource. IVIr. Searin stated to me the other day that he had not observed any of his jjlants make more than three leaves in one season ; the more usual number is two. It may be possible to obtain &i."i leaves in one season ; indeed, as I stated in a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, this had been done at Summerfield House on a plant under the care of Mr. Solly. It will be interesting to watch the future development of any plant that has made such extraordinary growth to see how long it will maintain its vigour. Whatever the form of house in which the plants are grown, one point is of more importance than any other, viz., that of giving the plants a decided season of rest during the winter months. They must, of course, be rested in quite a ditferent way from the Cattle3'a, or any other plants with thick pseudobulbs. A Cattleya may be left without water for six weeks, and be all the better for it ; but Pha- lienopsids are quite of a different nature and must not at any time be quite dry at the roots. AVater should be sujiplied with caution in winter, but the plants ought to receive enough to prevent them from drying up to the extent of causing the sphagnum moss to wither. This ought to be maintained in a living state at all times. The main point is to keep the atmosphere in the riglit state of moisture. A high temperature with too much moisture will pro- bably induce spot and other evils. Most Orchid- houses have evaporating troughs over the hot-water pipes ; but in winter they ought not to have any water in them, and the atmospheric moisture ought to be supplied by sprinkling the paths and stages, but they should be allowed to become dry before they are again sprinkled. It depends much upon the state of the weather how often this ought to be done. Drying winds with sunshine soon cause moisture to evaporate, whereas in close moist weather it might not be necessary to sprinkle the houses more than once in twenty-four hours. It is not only necessary that a man should be skilful as a cultivator, but he must also be able to judge accurately the requirements of his various plants, and by daily — nay hourly — attention, be able to tell at once whether they like the treatment they are receiving. It is impossible to do more than enunciate general principles in an article of this kind, as the special treatment the plants require in a span-roofed house may be different to that of a lean-to. For instance, take the resting period of the plants, which is also their flowering period ; indeed, as I write these lines, the house at Cheshunt has a charming effect. The flowering spikes are very numerous — some of them 4 feet in length on P. grandiflora ; and another vigorous single plant gave two spikes which together produced 108 flowers. They last a long time, too, in the rather dry and — for them — cool atmosphere of about 60°. The growth of Phalic- nopsis ought to be made up by the end of October, and it is better that they do not begin leaf-growth for at least three months afterwards, during which period a minimum temperature of 00°, more or less according to the state of the weather, may be maintained, and rather erring, if at all, on the side of dryness. The leaves made in a higlier temperature, during the summer and autumn months, will not "spot." It is only immature leaves— the result of a high, over- moist atmosphere at an unsuitable season — which spot. This fact was pointed out by Dr. Lindley many years ago. Wlicn the plants start into growtli in the spring the tem]ierature must gradually be raised, and during the summer there is much danger to be feared from too much moisture in the air. The aim should be to get the plants to make a steady and good growth up to October, when they should be allowed a resting ]ieriod. I have seen them grow in all manner of ways— as far as relates to the root-run — in pots, shallow pans, cylinders, rafts, and baskets of Teak, hut, all tilings considered, I am in favour of the latter, 3 or 4 inches deep, and made of equal breadth at the sides j and when the plants are once well established and jAsrARY 12, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 45 doing well, it is net desirable to disturb tlie roots much, ftnd instead of turning out tlie plants when they reijuire a renewal of the compost, it is better to pick the decayed sphagnum out, and pack in the fresli material without disturbing the roots at all. Clean crocks and a little broken .charcoal sliould be freely mixed with it. In collections where these plants are really doing well, the lower leaves are retained for three or four years, and amongst those nearest the base strong it may be as well to admit that the garden hybrids ai'e so few that only those wlio Iiave plenty of money can afford to purcliase them, tlierefore we must at present depend entirely upon the skill and enter- jirise of Orcliid importers to supply us witli stock for our hothouses at a reasonable price. It may not be safe to say tliat any introduction of late has sur- passed or even equalled tlie majestic P. amabilis. It was the first species that flowered in Europe exactly fifty years ago, lirst flowering at Messrs. Vl'i. 6. — PINUS SABINIANA AT KEW, (SEE T. -iA .) roots push out freely, a few of them dipping down- wards into the live sphagnum moss ; but the greater portion prefer to go straight outwards into the air; the healthiest roots do not go into the sphagnum at all. A mass of rotten moss in the centre of a basket or pot is a source of danger always, as it becomes saturated with water, and the roots get destroyed as fast as they push into it. During the last ten years or so this genus has been greatly enriched, not only by introduction from the tropics, but by hybrids raised in England ; although Eollisson's nursery at Tooting, from a plant sent to them from Manilla by Mr. Cuming. Rumph was the first traveller who noticed it in Amboyua, where it was found growing on short thick-stemmed trees, covered with moss, up which, he said, it twined like a rope. Dr. Blume also met with it before Mr. Cuming sent it to Tooting, " on the wooded coast of Nusa Kambanga." Dr. Lindley described and figured it in Bot. Beg., 18.38, t. .".4 under the English name of the Indian Butterfly plant. The next introduction was P. grandiflora, about ten years later, and it was described by Dr. Lindley in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1848, p. 39, as a distinct species. Messrs. Veitch, tlien of Exeter, introduced it into Eui'ope from .Tuva, and it first flowered witli ,J. II. Scliroder, Esq., of Stratford Green, who exhibited it before the Horticultural .Society on Sejiteniber 7, 1847, and received for it the award of a Silver Banksian Medal. About the same time Mr. Thos. Lobb sent from Manilla a quite distinct species, with rose-coloured flowers, to Messrs. Veitch & Sons. This Dr. Lindley also described in the Garelcncrs' Chronicle, 1848, p. 071 (with woodcut), under the name of P. rosea. It was figured in the year 1860 in Bot Mag., t. 5212. Next in order came that lovely small-growing species, P. Lowii, discovered by the Rev. C. S. P Parish in Moulmein, from whence it was sent by him to Jlessrs. Low, of Clapton. It has very deli- cate rose-coloured flowers, shading to wliite at the margin, and is quite distinct from P. rosea. It was first described by Dr. Reichenbach, in the July number of the Botanische Zeitiing for 18G2, and figured very beautifully in Bot. Mae/., t. 6351. In the year 1865, no less than three new species of Phalicnopsis were figured in the Boteenical Magazine. P. Liiddemanniana was introduced by Messrs. Low, of Clapton, from the Philippines, but it was first flowered with M. Liiddemann, of Paris. It is a well-known and pretty species. P. sumatrana first flowered in the collection of Mr. Day, at Tottenham, in that year, although it had flowered in the Botanic Garden at Leyden about the year 1856. P. SchiUeriana was also introduced and flowered with the Orchid growers on the Continent before it flowered in England. Lindley described it in Gard. Chron., 1860, p. 216. Yet another pretty Phalse- nopsis has to be recorded as flowering for the flrst time in England, in 1865, viz.. P. Parishii ; it was sent from Bnrmah by Mr. Parish to Messrs. Low in 1864, and flowered in the collection of Mr. Dawson, at Meadowbank, and also with Mr. Day. The sepals and petals are white, lip yellow, blotched purple. The year 1881 saw a very important introduction in P. Stuartiana by Messrs. Low, of Clapton, through their collector, Jlr. Boxall. It flowered for the flrst time in their nursery at Clapton in December of that year, and has quite fulfilled the great expectations first formed of it. It is quite distinct as a species. P. speciosa is a lovely Orchid of recent date, intro- duced from the Andaman Islands by General Emeric S. Berkeley. It is very distinct, and, though of large size, the richly coloured flowers of a deep crimson-purple tint, lightly barred with white, are ver)' striking. P. violacea is a very desirable plant, and no collec- tion should be without it. It has not been long in cultivation, but long enough to establish itself as a flrst-class Phaluinopsid. Its large handsome leaves arrest attention, and the flowers are most distinct ; the upper portion of the sepals being creamy-yellow, and the lower part rich purple, they have a peculiar effect. P. Sanderiana is perhaps the most recent of the new introductions. It was discovered by one of Messrs. Sander's collectors in the Eastern Archipelago a few years ago, and soon became plentiful. It is a most beautiful plant, and in its delicate and pleasing variety of colour is unsurpassed in the whole genus. Although a supposed natural hybrid it is as easily to be obtained as any of the species. The flowers remind one of a rose or blush-coloured amabilis, but the leaves are slightly marked like those of SchiUeriana, reminding one of that species. Besides those I have named there are m^ny more species and varieties that should be found in a com- plete collection. Some of them are of great beauty, but not plentiful enough for general cultivation. P. amethystina, an elegant small growing species ; P. casta, a scarce plant, and supposed natural hybrid ; P. Corningiana, a beautiful species, after sumatrana ; P. intermedia, and its varieties Brymeriana and Portei, are well known natural hybrids between P. rosea and P. anstralis ; P. leucorrhoda, another beautiful Phalxnopsia after P. amabilis and P. -46 THE GAHDENi CHRONICLE. [.Tantarv 12. lft^iO. Schilleriana ; P. Mai iff, a scarce ant] cliarminrr species ; P. Veitchiana, another supposed Iijbiid between P. rosea and P. Schilleriana, soflice. The above does not include all the introductions, but affords suiHcient variety of colour and form to show that a Ph:il;ui)opsis-honse may be even more interesting than any other department of Orchid culture. J. Vourj/as. CLEVELY, ALLERTON, LIVER- POOL. Some time since, in wet and boisterous weather, T wended my way to the gardens of T. Sutton Tinimis, Esq. (gardener Mr. Cromwell), and was well rewarded for ray pains, not by that which I saw in the outdoor portion of the garden, and for which, perhaps, this is scarcely the proper season, but by the contents of the glasshouses, which are many. A fine feature in the garden is a block of plant and fruit houses, which are approached from the dwelling by a vestibule, having in the middle a large specimen of Camellia alba plena, which is itself encircled by a table upon which other plants are arranged. To the right hand of the vestibule is a large house contain- ing at the present time Camellias, and in the centre a fine group of late flowering Chrysanthemums. To the left of the vestibule is a house in which Camellias are chiefly grown, the roof of the spacious building being covered with a variety of climbing plants, very vigorous and clean. Some plants of Lapageria alba were still carrying sprays of flowers. On the side stages were the flowering plants, and those with ornamental foliage, whilst the centre bed is solely planted with the best varieties of Camellias obtain- able, all of which are in good condition, and well furnished with flower-buds. Re-entering the corridor, I remarked a fine display of Chrysanthemums, whose blossoms must h we numbered several thousands, cliiefly of Japanese and incurved varieties. Other flowering plants were present, viz., Salvias, Roman Hyaeioths, Primulas, and many other subjects too numerous to be men- tioned here. Located in pairs, at equal distances, and approached from the corridor, are the plant and fruit houses ; the stove and intermediate-houses being those nearest to the dwelling. In these grow Orchids, Ferns, and a mixed collection of flowering plants, and others with fine foliage. The idea often enter- tained that Orchids will not succeed in company with other plants is at once dissipated on seeing this collection, and any person having doubts on that subject should visit Clevely, where they will find the Orchids will compare very favourably with those grown in houses specially set apart for their cultiva- tion. In the stove I noticed some extraordinary masses of Ctt'logyne cristata, as also the Chatsworth and Trentbam varieties of the same. Cattleyas Triana% C. Mossiic, C. ^lendelli, and C. Skinneri, were all showing well for bloom, and were in excellent con- dition, as was also the case with C. superba, which u too often met with in a pitiable condition. A nice plant of C. gigas Sanderiana was in flower, together with a specially fine form of Oncidium Papilio and its var. Krameri likewise. Phali^jnopsis, although not nnmerons, are of large size (some leaves of P. Schilleriana measuring 14 by 5 inches), as is also the case with Odontoglossnm RoezUi, 80 seldom met with in first-rate condition. Arranged on the centre bed are some grand speci- mens of Crotons which are well known at most of the leading exhibitions. Within these was standing a very large specimen of Anthurium Scherzerianum, Veitch variety, 5 feet in diameter. It was grown from a small plant with two leaves, and naturally is a great favourite with Mr. Cromwell. Specimen Ixoras, notably I. Wcstii, were scrupulously clean, showing signs of clever cultivation ; whilst suspended from the roof were various Nepenthes well pitchered. Amongst Orchids in the intermediate-house I observed gome line specimens of Lrelia anceps, showing several liundrtd flijwciv-jiikfs, amongst them Ixing L. ancejis graudiflora — one of the finest masses in the country, with nearly seventy spikes. This plant was illustrated in these pages on January 28, 1888. Cymbidium eburneura, with eight spikes, also Miltonia Candida grandifiora (true) with several spikes. Susjtended from the roof for the winter season were tine plants of Odontoglossnm vexil- larium, together with 0. Insleayi and its variety, O. I. splendens, which latter was in flower. A fine plant of Oncidium tigrinum, just out of bloom, had borne sixty-seven flowers. Other Orchids of in- terest, and in a healthy condition, were Odontoglos- sum citrosmum album, a plant in lOinch ba.*ket ; Cattleya citrina on blocks, fur several years in this country, and still improving, which is rather unusual ; and Epidendrura prismatocarpum. Some beautiful Ferns were remarked viz., a pair of Gleichenia dichotoma, each over 9 feet in diameter; and G. Mendeli, G feet in diameter ; grand speci- mens of Microlepia hirta cristata, Nephrolepis rufescens tripinnatifida, and the beautiful Davallia tenuifolia var. Veitchiana, and generally found dirticult of cultivation, though growing here like a weed. It is reputed to be the finest plant in this country. An early and a late vinery were visited. Some excellent bunches of Black Alicante and Lady Downe's Seedling still remain in the latter, whilst in the former were some gigantic specimens of Den- drobium nobile and D. firabriatum maturing their pseudobulbs. Tlien a Muscat and a Peach-house were entered ; and finally, a house for cool Odonto- glossums, in v/hich was a rockery well clothed with Ferns in variety, Selaginellas, and numbers of Be- gonias of the Hex type. This wall formed the base- ment over which a stage about 2 feet (.J inches from the glass was erected, and which contained the other Odontoglossums ; and, judging from the vigour of the growths, a forest of spikes will be the result in due course. Suspended from the roof were alternately well-flowered plants of Sophronitis grandifiora and of Odontoglossum llossli majus, which furnished a very pleasing picture. By means of the corridor, before mentioned, the potting sheds and the nine spacious houses and their appurtenances can be visited without once passing into the open air, thus doing away with the potting of plants in the houses themselves. In addition to this group of glasshouses is a range partitioned off for the growing of Melons, Tomatos, and Cucumbers. In the first-named division were resting some large plants of Dipladenias, Allaman- das. Clerodendrons, and Stephanotis, together with a number of Dendrobiums, amongst which I observed a large specimen of the old, though now neglected 1). pulchellum, whilst in the latter was observed a very fine crop of Cucumbers. In the kitchen-garden a Peach case has been so constructed that every alternate light is made to slide over its neighbour, thus when required it can be so opened that its occupants are as nearly as possible in the open air. I may obsei\e in con- clusion that about twelve months ago the stables against which one part of the corridor leans was completely destroyed by fire, but bajtpily the flames did not break through into the houses, otherwise many valuable plants would have been lost. I'\ Ashton, The Apiary, now TO TREAT SWAUMS. Of course the above heading does not aj)ply to the present time, but so much of success depends on how swarms are treated, that it is a good thing to refer to it beforehand. There are three ways of treating swarms, all of which have their supporters. First, giving swarms full sheets of worked-out comb ; second, giving them full sheets of foundation ; third, giving them only narrow strips of foundation. These are all good in their way but tend to diil'orent results, and so the object of the bee-keeper must guide his selection. Comb honey will also meet with a sale, and if comb honey is required in any quantity, the third method is by far the best. When preparing for swarms, put narrow strips of foundation in the frames, and get the boxes of sections ready at the s.une time. When the swarm issues, put it into a hive thus prepared, and put the sections on at once. The bees will, according to their instinct, store in the sections, but will ]mt a little honey in the frames, and will breed below and sture above. It is also a good thing to put the swarm on the old stand, as that will so wfaken the old stock that it will in all probability not swarm again. If the stock from which the swarm issued was snpered, the sections had better be removed from it, and placed on the swarm. This is beneficial in two ways, for the super is sure to be deserted after the issue of the swarm, and the bees will more readily take to a super already commenced. This is tlie whole theory of getting comb-honey, and has been repeatedly tried and not found wanting. If long hives are used and extracted honey is tlie object, the treatment would be somewhat different. Full sheets of foundation or comb might then be given and added to as required, the queen being con- fined to a particular part of the hive by means of excluder zinc. Of course extracted honey may be obtained by tiering up over the swarm in the same way as comb honey, but in that case give the swarm only narrow strips as before. Though I am in favour of giving all reasonable help to bees, I am also of opinion that too much help may be given them. Do not pauperise them by giving them too much help, but treat them as able-bodied paupers, and give them something to do. Even bees will turn lazy sometimes, and so it is a good thing to compel them to prepare for winter, by occasionally robbing them. This comes hoping that bee-keepers will have some compensation in 1889 for the woes of 1888. Bve. Plants and Their Culture, Preparation of Soils. ^The fitful changes in the weather at this season will necessitate careful atten- tion being given to plants, lor at no other time of the vear is it more necessary to keep growth at the lowest point, and plants as nearly at rest as may be. An early opportunity should be taken to thoroughly cleanse the glass of plant-houses, so as to allow the inmates to get all the light possible, and this is doubly necessary in districts which are liable to fogs. The season fur the potting of plants will soon commence, and the present is a favourable time to make preparation for this work, by having all materials required ready to hand, so that no time may be lost on beginning the operations, If putting a stock of loam under cover has been overlooked, no time should be lost in getting in as much of this material as will fulfil re(|uirements. All frozen masses should be thrown aside, and where practic- able, both light and heavy loams should be stored to meet the varied requirements of plants. Peat may be prepared in quantity ready for use by pulling it to pieces by hand, throwing out as the work pro- ceeds all sour, black, soft peat. Other materials constantly wanted are decayed liaf-mould from Beech or Oak, some wood charcoal, coarse silvur- sand, or any clean sharp sand free from loam or clay. If the sand is not clean, it may be made so by washing. Kuphorhiajiu-quinhfjlova. — This well-known winter flower should be grown in quantities if there is a great demand for cut flowers in winter, as it seldom fails to be appreciated. It must be given stove trnatment, and, during the early stages of its growth the warmest end of the stove is the best place for it. It is a good plan to commence the increase of stock this month if cuttings of the plant can be taken from plants which bloomed early. The cuttings should be 3 or 4 inches long, and allowed to lay for a couple of hours to thoroughly dry the milky juice exuded from the wound ; this should be washed oil' before insert- ing them in the soil. Any sized pot may be used, but 48*8 are a useful size for striking the cuttings. Give plenty of drainage, and use a compost consist- ing of peat, loam, coarse sand and charcoal, all being put through a .^inch-meshed sieve. After making the soil firm and watering it gently, place the puts in a bottom-heat of about 80°. When rooted stop i .T.vsTAnY 1-J. 1SS9. THE GARDENERS' CHBONICLE. 47 the points of the shoots, and grow on till the fiiml shift into L*4V, j^rouing them fls nrar to the glasa as ]u)ssible. If lonji-flowei iiij; ijicenifs be not in request, the shoots miiy be stopped nt several tiiius lUiriiig Li'rowth ; and when repotting it will be found that a handful of bone-dust mixed with the compost greatly assists tht-m. A thickness of ^l-incU bones placfd nvt-r the crocks answers fis well. After potting, keep the plants in a close, moist house, care- fully shaded in bright weather, until fresh roots are emitted. Toivnias. — Seeds of this plant should be sown early; and if sown now the plants raised will atfurd a succession of ilowers throui^hout the summer months. It is an excellent subject for a basket or banging vase, and grows best when potted in a li«:bt but rich soil, consisting, say, of equal jiarts ptat and loam, with a small addition of leaf-mould and coarse sand. Torenias grow well from cuttings, which strike (|uickly on a bottom-heat of SO*^. Short jointed cuttings make the best plants, and these, with lihtTal Iieatment. soon form eliective objects, wht-n plated on the edge of stages or on a shelf where there is abundance of light, and allowed to fall over the sides of the pots. Torenias fulfil a useful purpose in forming a pretty blind to the pots behind them. In repotting them a small portion of decayed manure should be added to the other ingredients, and stove treatment given until established. They require a long rest in the late autumn and winter months, but many old plants should not be kept, young ones producing the best flowers. G. Wijlhcs, Siun Hi'ifse. Brentford. The Flower Garden. Work to uf. Dose : Phospective. — A large pro- portion of the interest and pleasure derived from our work as gardeners is the suuiming-up in our minds tlie measure of success that we hope to attain in any particular department, as, for instance, in regard to this particular branch — the flower garden — whether we will have a larger proportion of foliage, or flowering, or of hardy or tender plants, ard the arrangements of the same, i.e., whether massed for colour effect, or mixed in various ways. Style, or plan of arrangement of plants in the coming summer is, therefore, the one point to be d.:cided, and the providing ([iropagation) of the necessary plants follows as a matter of course. I have, perhaps, more occasion than many flower gardeners to be particular about taking stock of plants, and of the numbers required, because for several reasons I am prevented taking other than just sutlicient cuttings in the autumn as will give us a moderate stock of cuttings early in the New Year. Pelargoniums. — As these require about the longest time of any bedding plants from the taking of the cuttings to being ready for planting out, our stock is now being oveihauled for cuttings, which are insejted in threes round the side of a GO pot. They are well watered at once to solidify the soil and sand around the cuttings, and are then placed in any dry. warm position, such as on shelves over hot-water pipes in vineries and Pine stoves ,a dry atmosphere being at this season the one essential to successful striking. Pelargoniums did so badly last season, and in tact in any season are short-lived in good flowering condition, that we have nearly discarded them. About the only flowering varieties we now use are — Scarlets : Henri Jacohy, Bonfire, and Vesuvius ; Pinks: IVlLister Christine and Amaranth. Kose- coloured : Xora and Waltham Seedling. The only foliage varieties we now use are Lady Plymouth, May Queen, Mangles! yarietgata, and Sophie Du- maresque. Slimmer Flowering Cliri/sanfkemums. — Last autumn no flowering plants of any description in our flower garden attracted so much attention as did these, and apart from their effectiveness and novelty, their long- lasting in good flower should be sufTicient to ensure their becoming generally popular. We have already put in our stock of cuttings, but there is yet amfde time to secure good plants, and I would stronglv advise all desiring a greater variety of flower and increased gaiety during the months of September and October to give this section of Chrysanthemum a trial. The best varieties we grew last year were :Madarae C. Desgranges, G. Wermig, Madame JoUvart, Precocite, Lyon, Alexander Dufour, Simon Delaux, and St. Mary. Fuchsias. — We are wont to say "anything for a change," but at the same time we mean such change to be for the best, and in respect of Fuchsias Un use in the summer flower garden, there is not a doubt but that if the change IVnm, say. Pelargoniums to Fuchsias was more general the change would be in the right direction. Having used them for some years, both in masses and singly as standards, I am able to vouch for their etfectiveness, and lor the admiration they receive, because, as is frequently observed, they are seldom used as bedding plants. They might not do so well northwards as hero in the South ; still, my opinion is that wherever Pelar- goniums thrive there also will Fuchsias. Plants one and two years old never fail to All out their allotted space ([uite as early as do Pelargoniums, and they then flower continuously, rain or tine, till severe frost cuts them down. Spring-struck plants grow too luxuriantly to flower well the first season, hence our preference for old plants, the smallest of which are now being potted, they having, uptothe present, been heeled-in closely together in a frost-proof cellar, where the strongest plants will remain for a month or so longer, and those now potted will only be grown on very slowly, that the growth made may be of a sturdy, short-jointed description. W. Wihl- siuifh, Hcckfield, Wincl/Jicld, Hants. Fruits Under Glass. Work for thk Wf.rk ; Vines.— The last week has been very unsuited for any kind of forcing, for not a ray of sunshine has shone out to help us, only suffocating fogs, which have almost turned day into into night. It seems beside the mark in such weather to advise all forcing to be carried on with the utmost care, and in damping down the houses to be cautious to keep the water from wetting the pipes, and thereby raise a cloud of steam in any of the houses. Keep a steady temperature by day, with a buoyant moist atmosphere or else long-jointed wood, yellow and decaying leaves, will be the result. Thr Karb/ .House. — The directions as to tempera- ture so carefully given in December can still be fol- lowed, taking advantage of any mild sunny days to admit air to strengthen and give colour to the foliage, and to keep the shoots from being drawn, especially in the case of forcing-houses of the old- fashioned heavy-raftered, flat-roofed kind with small squares of glass. Vines in this kind of house require very careful management in forcing in dull foggy weather, and more especially whilst in bloom or setting. I must confess that I think it a mistake to force Vines to come into use before the beginning of May. as well-ripened late Grapes can be kept so easily till then. The Second Hoitse. — The Vines here will now require stopping and looking over to prevent the shoots touching the glass, being very careful in tying not to break the shoots by pulling them down too much at once, but merely fastening the matting by a slip bow to the wire, which may be easily undone at any time, and the shoot pulled lower down several times, till it can be brought to its proper place. The temperature may range from 55° at night to 70° by day, and Sif with sun-heat. The Third House, containing Muscats and Black Hamburgh Vines, on which the buds are swelling, may be syringed in the morning, and again in the afternoon. Disbud the bunches when they become plainly visible, and keep a temperature of 50° by night and 60° by day. JV. Bennett, Eangcmore, Staf- fordshire, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Seasonable Hints. — Trees not in a satisfactory state as regards their crop of fruit, but growing yearly gross shoots instead, may still be root- pruned or transplanted. I prefer to do all of this kind of work as soon as the leaves begin to chinge to a yellow tint; but sometimes impor- tant work is unavoidably delayed from various reasons. It is better, however, not to be very severe in pruning the roots of trees at this season of the year, especially if the trees are large, and I would recommend that only half of each be pruned now, and the other be left till November. In carrying out the work a trench 2 feet deep should be dug out at a distance of 5 feet from the bole of the tree, and carefully remove from among the roots all the old soil, taking as much care as possible not to damage the young ones, every strong root should be completely severe tl, as to miss one of these may spoil tlie tiu-ot of ih? whole work. Bringall the roots as near to the surface as is desirable, and fill up the hole with a sweet loamy compost. If the weather is likely to be severe protect the roots from frost with a little straw manure. No kind of fruit tree, especially those of the Pear, should be condemned as unworthy before its roots have been put into a perfect condition, as it is healthy root-action alone that can enable the tree to produce fruit of good quality. Pruning and Xailing. — All trees, with the excep- tion of the Peach, Nectarine, and Fig, should be finished off as fast as possible, but do not prune when the branches are in a frozen state. Plums and sweet Cherries here are trained in the fan form — a style I prefer, as bare spaces in a tree are more quickly made good, which is an advantage, frequent loss of branches being connuon with the Cherry. It is advisable when pruning to reserve here and there young shoots, and especially on the lower part of the tree, for the purpose of filling up such gaps as may occur. Every tie should be examined tlioroughly, and removed if the fastenings are likely to pinch the bark, and too much care cannot be taken when driving in the nails, to avoid touching the shoots with the hammer, gumming being a general result from such injury. A sound dressing of bone-meal pricked in carefully among the roots of these trees and a little new soil will help them amazingly. Trees which were during summer in- fested vvith blackfly, &c., should have a good washing with soapsuds as soon as the nailing is completed. This is a wash I have great faith in, when applied in winter. Figs, ifc. — If severe frosts set in these will need some small amount of protection in veiy cold districts. Spruce boughs or Fern frtuids placed in front of the trees answer its purpose well. Scions for grafting should be taken from the trees of Apples. Pears, &c., and heeled-in till the proi)er time arrives for doing the work. Take advantage of frosty mornings to wheel manure to quarters where it is wanted. H. Markham, Mereioorth Castle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. SKL.-.cnoN or Skeds. — There are now many novel- ties offered, and I do not say they should not be tried, but I recommend tliat no one should depend on any of them for the main supplies, good tiied sorts being preferred. Some novelties are simply selections of standard varieties, others are worthless fur general cultivation. One standard late Pea of great excel- lence has been unprocurable for years — I refer to Lynn's Black-eyed Marrow, than which there was no better late Pea. The past season has been most unfavourable for the proper harvesting of most kinds of seeds, and I would, therefore, advise that all seeds be ordered as early as possible, and their germinat- ing powers tested prior to sowing them in the open. The under-noted varieties may be relied on as being good .and serviceable in most soils; — Broad Beans: Johnston's Wonderful, Windsor Improved, Dwarf Fan, very prolific ; Beck's Gem, good in colour. Kidney Beans: Osborn's Forcing, Ne Plus Ultra, and Negro Longpod. Ihmners: Champion and Painted Ladv. Bert: Dell's Crimson, Nutting's Dwarf Red, Dickson's Superb Short-top Black, and Dark Ked Egyptian, for early use. Broccoli: Backhouse's Winter White, Osborn's, Snow'?, Veitch's Self-protecting, Leamington, Veitch's Model, Wilcove, Lauder's Goshen, and Methven June. BriisscUs Sprouts: Aigburth, Dalkeith, Kosebejy, and Scrymger's Giant. Cahhage : Ellam's Early, Stuart & Mein'sNo. 1, Keliance, Little Pixie, and En- field Market. Caulijlower : Veitch's Early Forcing, Early London, Erfurt, Asiatic, Eclipse, and Autumn Giant. Carrot : French Horn, Early Nantes, James' Scarlet Intermediate. Celery: Taifs Superlative, Groves' White and Ked. Sandringham, Leicester Ked, Manchester Large. Leeks : Musselburgh, Ayton Castle, and The Lyon, not so hardy as the others. Lettuce : All the Year Round, Neapolitan, Torn Thumb, Paris White, and Green Cos. Onions : James' Keeping. Brown Globe, Bedfordshire Cham- pion, Danver's Yellow, and White Spanish. Peas: American Wonder. Veitch's Selected Extia Ready, Emerald Gem. Duke of Albany, Britith Queen, Ne Plus Ultra, Paragon, Prodigy, and Cham- pion of England. Parsnips: Student and Hollow Crowned. Savog : Early Ulra, Dwarf Green Curled. Turnips: Extra Early Milan, Veitch's Red Globe, and Strap Leaf. Tomatos: Criterion, Orangefield Dwarf, Trophy, Carter's Green Gage, and Golden Qem. W, M. Bailiic, Luton Hoo, Beds. 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janciey 12, 1889. Advertisers are speoialh/ requested to note, that, under no circumstances irhatecer, cmi per and lime, there Is formed a sulphate of lime (gypsum), .lAvr.VRv \-2, 1«S9.] 'TIE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 51 and a ludrated nxiJe of copper, in such propmliona as are not dangerous to plants, but wliicli kill the microscopic fungi on the I'otato (IVronospora in- festans). Finally, the plants must not be watered wiili tlie water-can, or tbe solution will reach the roots aud kill the plants. It is only necessary to spray the folia^i^e \\\i\\ the soluliou." Roots of LeGUMINOS/E.— Legumino?a?, sucb as Peas, Ueans, Clovers, Lucerne, &<•., have long been known to contain a large proportion of nitrogen ; nevertheless, they are not specially bene- fited by nitrogenous manures— they do not absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, yet they leave the soil after their removal richer in nitrogen than it wa* before. These paradoxes are now beyond tjuestion. aud pu/.zle the physiologists and chemists to account for. The explanation seems to be that arable land is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen by the agency of the baeteria it contains. These bac- teria are moreover stated to exist in the small tubercles which are so common in the roots of LeguminosiB. Oiher organisms of a similar character effect the conversion of insoluble nitrites into soluble nitrates in the soil, and thus render its riches available. M. Brlal has been experimenting on this subject, aid shows that a soil which, owing to the deficiency in nitrogen, is unsuitable for the growth of the Legnminosa', may be rendered suitable for them (other things being equal) by the introduction of the bacteria, although this soil will remain sterile for pants other than Leguminosic. The tubercles themselves are highly nitrogenous. Leguminous plants grown for experimental purposes in water do not produce the tubercles, but if bacteria be intro- duced by simply introducing one of the crushed, tubercles of some other leguminous plant grown in the ordinary way. then these tubercles are produced. It should be stated that some observers doubt the existence of bacteria in thesii tubercles, attributing the appearances to other organisms. Others, again, assert that a fungoid organism occupies the tubercle. But the contradictions are less than they appear to be, and most observers are substantially agreed as to the results, whatever dilference of opinion there may be as to how they are brought about. Egyptian Roses.— At the meeting of tlie Koyal Society of Belgium, on Nov 10, 1888, M. CRi';eiNread a paper on the remains of lioses discovered in the cemetery of Arsinoe. Fayuum, Egypt. Nine flowers were examined by M. Citupix, all more or less imperfect, but all belonging to one species. So far as the imperfect nature of the material permitted M. Cni'.piN- to form an opinion, these fragments were most nearly allied to a Kose cultivated in Abyssinia in the vicinity of religious buildings, and described bv AcHiLLE Richard under the name of Rosa eancta. Kosa sancta, it appears, is very similar to 11. centifolia or K. gallica. M. Cbkpin considers that Rosa sancta was not an aboriginal native of Abyssinia, but a cultivated form introduced at a very remote period. So far as M. rRKprx knows there is no form of R. gallica now known which corresponds exactly with the Rosa sancta. As to the Roses found in the Egyptian tombs, M. Crkpix thinks they may have been derived from plants cultivated in Lower Egypt, perhaps near the place where their remains were discovered. The Egyptians are known to have grown Roses, and even to have supplied them ti) Rome. Xo Rose grows wild in Egypt, and the Rose found in the tombs was. in M. Chepin's opinion, no more wild than the Abysinnian Rosa sancta, but was probably derived from Italy, Greece, or Asia Minor, where R. gallica grows wild. The only native Rose in this part of Africa is one that grows on the mountains of Abysinnia, R. abysinnica, and which is held to be a variety of Rosa moschata. Dr. ScHWEiKFCRTH adds, in a note to M. Crkpin, that the tombs from which the Roses were obtained are referable to dates between the second and the fifth century after Christ. They are the same tombs in which were found the encaustic portraits which have lately been the object of so much attention. The Roses were threaded on wire as in a garlaml, and were discovered by M. Fundbrs Betiue. POTATOS.— The annual report of the Connecticut Agricultural Kxperluiental Station, just issued among much interesting matter gives the chemical composition of seven varieties of Potatos, which have been grown by Mr. T. E. Vlatt of Newtown, and analysed at his request. The gentleman makes a specialty of growing Potatos, and of testing the value of new varieties. C/icun'cul f'oiiiposif •ill of Potatos ill 100 Pe, is an excellent plantforthe wildgarden, or fjr naturalising in semi-wild places. It scarcely comes up to the standartl of what is called showy in garden parlance ; nevertheless, where a fairly large colony of it is established its racemose scapes of purplish white flower-heads are not inconspicuous, especially as they come at a time when hardy flowers are not too plentiful. But the great recommemiation of the plant is the fragrance of its flowers, wdiich is, I think, even more powerful than that of the Ilelio- tro[)e. Oiving to the mildness of the early winter, it has flowered earlier than usual, and on December 1 last a large patch of it was in fine flower at Pendell Court, but which, owing to hard frost later in the month, was checked for a time ; however, on the I'etnrn of mild weather it will soon pick up. On Christmas Day the air for some considerable dis- tance from the spot where it stood was quite redo- lent of scent, and being near to the public highwav. this phenomena seemed to puzzle many passers-bv. The plant is also sometimes c.^lIed Tussilagu fragrans. F. R'i.ss, ANTHRACITE COAL.— I notice in the last volume of the Gardeners Chronicle, your corresi)ondent, Thos. Christy, on p. 705, highly recommends this fuel for horticultural purposes, aud invites some of the large consumers to give their experience of its saving over other fuel. As I am a rather large consumer of this fuel perhaps it may not be out of place for me to give ray experience, which is as fol- lows, I will give one week's comparisons. It takes 7 tons of coke, .at 16s. per ton, which amounts to .£5 125. '2d., or 6 tons of the ordinary steam coal, at los. Qd.. per ton, which amounts to £4 13s., or 4 tons of diamond anthracite, at 17s. Sd, per ton, whith nmonnts to £3 10s. M. ; so, that by using anthracite I save £2 Is. Qd. per week over coke, or ,£1 2s. 4(/. per week over steam coal. Of course the jirices vary very much in difl'erent parts of the country but I am sure if anyone gives it a fair trial, he will be more than satisfied with the results. I may add that there are several spurious kinds of anthracite ofl'ered to the public under the name of horticultural anthra- cite, and which only end in the disappointment and disaster to to the ]>urchasers, and I would advise anyone wdio has not as yet given the best quality of anthracite coal a trial, to avail himself of the off'er of Mr. I'ascoe, Swansea, to supply coal (from his own colliery), which is very important, as you can ,ahva_\a d. pend uj)ou having the same uniform good (jualitv, aud who offers to send to any gai'dcner or nursery- man a sample bag, free of cost and carriage, for trial before oidering the coal in great quantity. F, L. Jennings, The Gardens, Hoselamh, Woolstou, SOIVIE VARIETIES OF APPLES AND PLUMS FOR YORKSHIRE- -The season is near at hand when farmers and amateurs think of planting a few fruit trees in the place of shy bearing and worthless kinds. The farmer is too often persuaded to plant Apple trees of any sort because they are at hand in the market, and fine trees they often are, and being without leaves, they a)e answerable to any name the seller chooses to give them. In a few years the dis- covery is made that the trees are not that which they were alleged to be, and the buyer's hopes of having line fruit of good quality end in disappoint- ment. This has happened in many instances to persons residing near me, and to whom I have given advice frequently. Apples, to produce well here, should be specially selected for the North coimtry. The bad seasons oi late years have proved to me that no one can le wrong in planting for cooking purposes, Lonl Snflield, Small's Admirable, Bramley's .Seedling, and, to satisfy the Yorkshire farmer, he must have the good old Yorkshire (ireen, to make sauce for his pork and geese. 1 find the latter sort to be a good bearer, ami always in favour in the kitchen. I'or the farmer's dessert 1 would recommend Kerry Pi]ipin, Margil.and Clayg.ate I'ear- nmin : the above would give him a long season's supjdy. Bramley's Seedling is as yet not well known hereabouts, but is ft^ sterling variety; its flowers Jantarv 1:.', ISSi).] THE GARDENFjnS' CHRONICLE. 55 ere Iiartly. and the fruit swell in a cold summer better than many othrr sorts, as was proved here last season, which was the wurst I have known in fuity years. The I'lunis 1 wonld recommend tor the north are Denyei's Victoria, whicli farmers vtry generally plant for its free bearing. fnfortunately it will often bear too many, and the crop is thereby spoiled for want of being thinned. Kirk's Plnm is pood either for dessert or preserving ; the next is the JetVerson. These three varieties would snpplv the farmer's wants for all jnirposes. W. CulvcrwcK, Thorpe Pcrivw, Xorth VorA's/urc. A NEW YEARS DAY OPEN-AIR BOUQUET IN THE WEST OF SCOTLAND. -It may interest, the readers of the Cianh ncrs' Chrouiv/c to be told of the bouquet which in the west of Kcotland the last day of December and the first of January have atfurded to the writer. In the front of my house in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, 7 miles from the sea, three species of Kose are in bloom— a semi-double Bourl.'on (Gloire de Kosameues\ the China Monthly (K. indica), the Cramoisie Superieure variety of the dark crimson Chinese Kose (U. sempervirensl. while a few days ago a Tea Kose (Madame Ducher) was still ia bloom. The Chinese Jasmine (Jasminum nudi- tlorum) is also in full flower. In addition to these yesterday's (.December 31) post brought from my friend Mr. Campbell, Ledaig (on the coast 6 miles north of Obani blooms of the yellow Cytisus race- mosus, the crimson Schizostylis cocciuea, the blue Hydrangea hortensis, the bluish-purple Veronica Andersoni, the beautiful spring flower, Aubrietia purpurea, and the dark purple Christmas Kose — all of them gathered in the open air. On New Year's Day I was in Arjan where my bouquet had added to it blooms of the beautiful Fuchia (F. micro- phylla), the smallest of all the species, and of the lovely scarlet and yellow tube-shaped Desfontainea spinosa, the last gathered from a standard plant 8 feet in height ; it was the last flower of the season, and was as well coloured and fully developed as a bloom in summer. I may add that in many places on the coast, especially at Tighnabruiach, in the Kyles of Bute, the Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo) is laden with its beautiful crimson fruit. Surely the climate of Scotland ia not so inhospitable as some suppose, since it can furnish at the New Year such a bouquet gathered in the open air. David LancU- borougk, PRIMROSES IN WINTER.— Those of your readers who are fond of Primroses might like to hear of a simple way to have them on the table all winter. When any large quantity are grown there are alwa\'s buds. AA'hen those showing colour are picked, even in hard frost, and put in a deep plate, the bottom of which has been previously covered with tall green moss, they come out well, and even when the stalks are very short, as they are wh'en picked off a bunch, the moss supports them so as to keep the flowers out of the water. The moss we use is commonly called Fir-tree moss (being like a miniature tree). There is now on the table a china plate more than a foot across, full of Primroses of all colours, the buds of some of which were picked after 14° of frost. The combination of green and bright colour is verv prettv. George F. Wilson. TO DESTROY ANTS IN PLANT-HOUSES. — Although that industrious insect, the ant, is an object of great interest to all observers, it has been found a nuisance when established in con- siderable numbers in stove or greenhouse. Whplh^r it distributes and promotes the development of white scale and aphis (for its own ends) or not is open to question, but there can be no doubt that many of its habits are most objectionable to the horticulturist, and inimical to the well-being of his plants. In my own collection this pest has been a perfect Soudanese dervish to deal with, but at length 1 have found a means of clearing him olf without the drawbacks in the way of smell, &c., that usuallv accompany many highly vaunted insecticides. Having lately been engaged in an analytical inquiry respecting the composition of various "sheep dips," I bethought me that I would try their effect on the enemy that mistook my Orchids for their own hunt- ing grounds, but considering that I was dealing with an arsenical compound it behoved one to be cautious lest it might be washed on to the leaves of the plants or into the soil of the pots. After many trials and failures to make the small wretches fall in with my own views of their duty towards me, I found that an admixture of Tumlinson & Hayward's "sheep dip powder" with treacle in the proportion of 1 oz. of the former to half a pound of the latter, laid on jiirces of slate or glass in their runs on the stages and ledges, eft'ected a remarkably speedy thinning of the columns of these active insects, and in a few days the survivors liad abandoned their usual employ- ment for the more ghastly task of carrying off the dead bodies of the majority of their comrades to the place selected by themselves for their deposit, viz., a flight of steps leading up to the conservatory. G. JSL Lowe, M.})., hiiicohi, LUCULIA GRATISSIMA.- This charming green- house winter-blooming plant is a fine object in a large greenhouse at Castle Ashby, where it is ])lanted out in a border, and trained up a column. The plant is of large size, and it is comjdetely covered with large trusses of flowers. Mr. Birch, on taking charge of the gardens at Ashby Gardens many years ago, found it in the samp position it now occupies, and knowing its decorative value, wisely paid special attention to it, and he is mnv well repaid for his trouble. K. Beckett. CHRISTMAS ROSES AND SLUGS.— A corre- pondents asks how the flowers of Hellebores may be defended from the ravages of slugs? If he will get some stiips of zinc 5 inches deep, and long enough to make a ring according to the size of his plants, and then tie the ends together with wire, after cleaning the plants well, and make sure that there are no slugs inside the space intended to be fenced round, put the fence of zinc round the plant, pushing it into the ground to the depth of 1 inch, he will efl'ec- tually keep the slugs out. A. Siiulret/, Pcntwyii. CONIFERS AND OTHER EVERGREENS AND SNOW. — Many kinds of Conih-rs, notably those with par- tially horizontally arranged branches and dense foliage, get seriously injured by loss of their branches when heavy falls of snow occur, and upright growing species, as Irish Yew, Thuias of all kinds, except- ing T. borealis, which seldom is injured by snow— a factduetotheelasticity of its wood, chiefly ; Lawson's Cupressus, and the Cypress and Juniper family in general, are rent asunder and made to lie about in \ in the ' Channel Islands.' " [Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 'i'2° F. for the period named, and ia expressed in Day- degree — a "Day-decree" siguifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Jan. 7. Accumulated. Dktwow. a cd is.- o a 2 li si,; 0=1 2 Principal Wheat pro- ducing Districts. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 3 above 11 21 + 6 — 13 1. Scotland. E. ... 1 above 4 39 0 — 2 2. England, N.E. ... 3 below 0 50 — 7 + 21 3. England, E. ... 9 below 0 92 — Ill + 62 4. Midland Cos. ... 9 below 0 92 — 12 + 63 5. England. S. 7 below 0 65 - 13 + 47 Principal Grazing, &c., Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 1 below 4 a3 - S + 6 7. England, N.W.... i below 0 43 — 11 + 2-' 8. England, S.W.... 5 below 0 39 — 20 + 29 9. Ireland, N. 3 below 3 36 — 12 + 17 10. Ireland, S. 3 below 5 34 — 18 + 23 — Channel Islands 2 below 21 10 — 6 + 5 Raineall. Bright SUNSaiME. OlSTHlOTB. Sag h aid o 2; s 2 o: ° =_■ III Pi Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch. Ins. 0. Scotland. N. ... 6 less 4 O.J 16 16 1. Scotland, E. ... 6 less 1 0.1 28 28 2. England, N.E. ... 5 less 1 0.1 13 13 3. England, E. ... 5 less 0 0.0 17 17 4. Midland Cos. ... 6 less 0 0.0 13 13 5 England, S. 6 less 1 0.0 18 18 Principal Grazing, &c. , Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 9 less 2 0.1 12 12 7. England, N.W.... 3 less 1 0.0 9 9 8. England, S.W.... 10 less 1 0.0 23 23 9. Ibelamd, N. 5 lees 3 0.3 19 19 10. Ireland, S. 2 less 2 0.7 25 25 — Channel Islands 9 less 1 0.0 69 69 Markets. COJ^NT GARDEN, January 10. As frequently happens at the commencement of the year, our market is quite glutted with heavy supplies of Grapes, meeting with small demand, and prices are very much depressed. Trade generally dull. Heavy supplies of Apples to hand, as also vegetables. JameA Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prioes, 5. rf. s. d. 3 0-46 Apples, half-sieve... — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 5 0- 12 0 Cobs. 100 1b. ...10:3 0-110 0 s. d. s. d. Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-26 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0- 8 U Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices, s. d. s. d. Asparagus, English, per 100 5 0- ... — French, bundle 0 8- ... Benns, .lersey and French, per lb. ... 1 G- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... CuuliHowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle ... 16-20 Cucumbers, each ... 1 O- ... Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ... Green Mint, bunoh... 1 (i- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 6- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- 5. d. s. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 i~ ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch.,. 0 8- ... Peas, French, per lb. 1 0- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-60 — new French, lb. tl 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- ... Senkale, punnet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- ... Turnips, per bunch, new 0 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 i Potatos.— Beauty of Hebron. 80s. to 100s.; Imperators, 70^. to 90s.; Dunbar Regents, UOs. ; do. Magnums, 120s.; and York Magnums, 100s. per ton. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. s.d. s. d. 0-18 0 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-9 0 0-12 0 Aralia Sieboldi. doz. 6 Arum LilitM, p, do/. 9 Azaleiis, dozi-'n ...24 Chrysanthems., doz. 4 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Draceena terminalis. per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica byemalis, doz.l2 — caffra, dozen ... 6 — gracilis, dozen... 8 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphyllums, doz. ...18 Cur Flowers.—. s. Abutillons, 12 bun..,. 3 ArumLilie3,12blooms 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, 12 bims. 3 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Christmas Roses, 12 blooms 0 Chrysant hemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 4 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias. 12 blooms 12 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr..bun. 3 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 Ficus elastica. each . 1 Hyacinths, dozi'n ... 9 — Rom., doz. pots 9 Lily-of-Vul.,doz. pts.18 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 Palms in var., each 2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 Poinsettias, dozen ... 9 Primulas, per dozen 4 Solanums, dozen ... 9 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0-10 0 6- 7 0 0-12 0 0-10 0 0-30 0 0-12 0 6-21 0 0-9 0 0-15 0 0-6 0 0-J5 0 0-9 0 Average Wholesale Prices, s. Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 Narcis., paper-white, (French), 12 bun... 3 — double. 12 bun... 1 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Poinsettias, doz. ... 4 Primulas. dbl..|12 8p. 1 Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red, per dozen ... 1 — Safrano, dozen... 2 Stephanotis, 12 Bpr.l2 Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 1 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 1 Violets, 12 bunches... 1 — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme, Fr., bun. 6 Wallflowers, 13 bun. 6 d. ■,.d. 1 0-601 0- « 0 9- 1 () 9- 1 6 0- fi 0 0- 3 0 6- 1 6 6- 3 0 0-12 0 1 0- 6 () 0- « 0 6- 1 0 0- 1 6 H- 3 0 0- 7 1) 9- 1 6 0-6 0 d. s. d. 0-4 0 0-6 0 6-3 0 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-9 0 0- 1 6 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 0-15 0 6-3 0 0- 1 6 0- 1 6 6-3 0 0-7 6 0-9 0 SEEDS. London: Jan. 9. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write that much more disposition to purchase Clover seeds has lately been shown. The important fact that the English crop this season is a total loss has appa- rently been driven home to the minds of the trade, and as a consequence foreif^ samples are inquired for with eagerness. Values all round keep exceed- ingly firm. Meantime good samples of red are still obtainable on moderate terms. Alsike, white, and Trefoil are unchanged. There is more inquiry for winter Vetches, Kcenigsberg Tares being this year out of the market" Peas, Haricots, and Linseed are without alteration. COBN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending January 5 : — Wheat, 30s. id. ; Barley, 26s. 9(^. ; Oats, 16s. Qtd. For the corresponding week in 1888 : — Wheat, 31s. U. ; Barley, 295. r:,d. ; Oats, 16s. U. FBTTIT AND VEGETABLES. Stkatford : Jan. 8. — There has been a fair supply of produce at this market during the past week, and a good trade was done at the undermentioned quota- tions : — Cabbages, 25. to Ss. per tally; Savoys, 25, to 3s. do. ; Greens, Is. to Is. 9d. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, household, 24s. to ^Hs. per ton ; do , cattle feeding, 20s. to 22s. do. ; Mangels, 16s. to 20s. do. ; Swedes, 16s. to 185. do. ; Onions, English OOs. to UOs. do. ; do. Dutch, 35. 6rf. to 4s. per bag. ; do. Ger- man, 80s. to 105s. per ton ; Apples, English, Is. to 4s. per flat ; do, American, 65. to lOs. per barrel ; Watercress, %d. per dozen ; Celery, Qd. to Is. per roll ; Turnips, 2s. 6^. to 3s. Qd. per bunches ; Carrots, 25. to 3s, do. POTATOS. BoHODGH AND SPITALFIELDS I Jan. 8. — With moderate supplies arriving the prices are firm, although the trade is not brisk.— Regents, Scotch, 80s. to 1255. ; English, 60s. to O.'ts. ; Ilebrons, 70s. to 110s.; Magnum Bonums, 60s, to 120s. per ton. Spitalfields : Jan. 9.— Quotations : — Magnums, bbs. to 80s. ; Regents, 70s. to 100s. ; Ilebrons, 70s. to 90s. ; Champions, btis. to 6.')s. ; Imperators, 70s. to 90s. per ton. Steatfoed : Jan. 8. — Quotations : — English Magnums, light land, (i5s. to 80s.; do., dark land, 655. to 70s. ; Ilebrons, 60s. to 70s. ; Scotch Regents 855. to 1055. ; do., Magnums, 70s. to 1 10s, per ton. Imports: — The imports into London last week consited of 603 bales from Hamburgh, 6 from Ghent, and 2 cases from Cologne. HAT. Averages, — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, prime old, 1205. to 14,5s. ; do., good second, 80s. to 110s. ; do., inferior, 40s. to 75s. ; do., new, 90s. to 110s. ; do., inferior, 305. to 84s. Hay, prime meadow, II55. to 1.30s.; do., inferior, ¥)s. to 70s. ; do., new, 80s. to 95s. ; do., inferior, 305. to 755. ; straw, old, 40s. to 49s. ; new, 28s. to 42s. per load. Enquiries. '* He that questioneth much shall learn muth." — Bacon. Celeriac. — Can an}' reader tell me why Celeriac is not more extensively grown in England than is now the case? Also the best method of cultivating this vegetable for market, the best kind of soil, and when to plant? I find that in the Centre How, Covent Garden, good roots have been selling at from Ad. to 6f^. each. Farmer Turnip-top. Notices to Correspondents. Bees, &:c. : Greenhorn. Buy Beekeeping, by A. Rush- bridge (E. W. Allen, 4, Ave Maria Lane, London, E.G.) Apply to the British Beekeeper's Associa- tion, Hon. Secretary, Eev. IL R. Peel, Thornton Hall, Stony Stratford; Assistant Secretary, Mr. J. lluckle. Kings Langley, Herts. GoRRECTiONs. — In article " Orchids at Messrs. Veitch's," p. 19, first paragraph, after the wor "varieties," read "of Gypripediums." — In "Some Select Hardy Plants" (Montbretias), p. 22, owing to a printer's error, the word " winter " was in- serted instead of " autumn ;" and, further, " Etoile de Fer " should be " Etoile de Feu. " Hydrangeas Made Blue: H. H. S. If there is no oxide of iron in the soil naturall}', a small quantity — say one-twentieth — of oxide (rust) of iron may be added to it, and by experimenting the proper quantity may be discovered. The plant from the cutting stage onward must be grown in soil of this description, or the attempt to get a blue shade will fail. Moth on Apple Trees : F. V. H. The Winter Moth — the females of which are wingless— may be caught in great numbers by means of bands of rough brown paper thickly smeared with cart- grease placed round the stems at 2 or 3 feet from the ground — or less with bushes. This should be done in October so as to catch the earliest insects about. Now it is almost too late to do so. When the bark is rough a band of clay should be well rubbed into it, in the place where the paper band will be fastened. If the trees are old, the dressing of treacle, resin, &c., that you have given will do no harm. For a way to use paraffin (petroleum is probably meant) see answer this week to Sir G. S. Names of Froit: W. H. Tillcff. Somewhat bruised, but we consider the names to be as follows: — 1. Minshull Crab ; 2, Pine-apple Russet ; 3, Not known. — Janies J. Foster. Probably Hacon's In- comparable, but fruit nearly rotten. Names of Plants : G. Nottage. The Coelogyne from Bunnah is 0. fuacescens var. brunnea. Orchid Map : H. C. An uncoloured map was pub- lished as a supplement to our issue for May 9 58 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janttabt 12, 1889. 1885. Coloured maps of the geographical distri- bution of certain species of Orchids are published with each number of Veitch's Manual of Orchida- ceous Plants, now appearing at uncertain intervals. Orchid Nomenclatuke : G. M. Aganisia cj-anea, Keich. f., in Kov. Act. Acad. JS'at. Car., xxxv. (1869), pt. 2, p. 13, t. 4, is = Acacallis cyanea, Lindl., Folia Arch. (1853), the article is unpaged (say p. 1). Acacallis is kept distinct by Bentham and Hooker. Aganisia coerulea, Keichb. f., in Gard. Chron., n. s., xxv. (1886), p. 720, is the same, but the name •' coirulea " originated through a mistake, because Eeichb. f., begins by saying it is the Aganisia coerulea of Lindley, and although there is no such name, but A. cyanea. The title quoted is merely the name of a paper in the work above cited. Aganisia Oliveriana, Keichb. f., is described in Gard. Chron., n. s., ix. (1878), p. 568. Peab Teees: J. Joyce. The fruit being of poor quality you may head down the trees if in the open border, leaving a few branches of 1 foot in length ; or if on walls, cat the main branches back to within 6 inches of the stem. That opera- tion may be carried out at the end of February ; and the scions, or rather the shoots from which these will be made, should be removed from the trees towards the end of this month, and be firmly bedded in soil for the greater piirt of their length, taking care that the place they are put in is cold, and screened from direct sunlight. Grafting may be done early in March, using any of the usual methods of doing such operations. Peteoleom: Sir C. S. As a winter dressing for trees, the proportion is one wineglass of the oil to 1 gallon of warm water ; and for using on plants having leaves, the same quantity of oil to 3 gallons of water. The oil unites better with the water if a small quantity of soft-soap be previously incorporated with it, and whilst using the solution it must be constantly kept in motion by charging the syringe from the bottom of the vessel and discharging it violently on the surface. A petro- leum emulsion is kept for sale by some nursery- men and horticultural sundriesmen, which is safe and convenient in the using. Pine : H. M. The Pine sent seems to be P. sil- vestris, not austriaca, and the appearances pre- sented are those caused by moist corrosive vapours. We do not think frost has anything to do with them. PoTATOS : K. J. W. The quantity of sets required per acre is 24 bushels ; less, if varieties with strong growing tops are chosen. Unless you can make your heavy soil lighter by the admixture of coal and wood ashes, road scrapings, and strawy manure, the growers on early light land will get their produce to market before you. It is better Htted for mid-season and late varieties than for early ones — at least, at present. Select as kid- neys llivers' Koyal Ashleaf as an experiment as to earliness on your soil ; then, as main crop. Mag- num Bonum and International ; and as rounds, Sutton's Early Kegent, Schoolmaster, and Reading Hero. The second named kidney is the cheaper to buy as seed, and one of the best keepers. Rain Gauge, Thermometek, Entry Book, &c. : D. D. Apply to any respectable ironmonger for these instruments ; and to a stationer for a book properly ruled in which the entries for each day may be made. Stocks : G. P. Do not use the Bullace seedlings ; the growth is too slow for trees intended to be planted out, and only fitted for miniature trees in pots. The scion would grow with much more rapidity than the stock ; the sap-vessels at the point of union would thereby get eventually dis- organised, and ill-health set in. Get " Brompton " or " Mussel " stocks. Budding in the late summer is the usual method with the Apricot, Plum, and Peach. "The Bedshmaker;" B. J. W. This periodical is published at the office, 2, Whitefriars Street, Fleet Street, London, E.G. Thermometer : Head Gardener. A working instru- ment maker, optician, &c., in the nearest town, will put the instrument in good order ; or send it, properly packed, to the maker. Communications Received :— h. V. — W. W. — H. M. — .T. H. — T. B. A. B.— H, M. W.— H. H. D'O.— H. M.— E. M.— E. C —Mary B, M,-J. Willinmao}!.— .T, C. M -W. H. D.— A. D. W.— W. W.— W. B. S.-J. WiUlis.— Wild Rose.— J. D.— J, J. W.— J. F.- R. A. K.-N. E. B.— F. W. S.-J. C— F. R.— E. J,— Pteris. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks iocluded.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 6s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6rf. PEAT, beat black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid Ss. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for -lOs. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST J Is. per bush.. 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... J (sacke included). SILVEK SAND, coarse, Is. 6d. per bush., 143. half- ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIERE. best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb. ; 28 lb.. 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., gs. per sack. CHUBB'S" PERFECT" FER-'i In Bags. TILIZER (the Beat Food for ( ^ ' ^ all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 14lb. 281b. 56Ib. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ... j 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES, PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapestand best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultrv Pens. Rabbits, &c., inSacks, Is. 6!/. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb"s special process). sacks. Is. 4rf. each; 103ack9,12s.6rf.; 15sacks,17s.6d.; 20 sacks, 20s. ; 26 sacks, 24.^;. ; 30 sacks. 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6rf. each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists, Market Gardeners, an-l olb'^rs f concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S "PRGDUCTiyE" MANURE, in bags. £3 per ton (bags included) ; sample 1 cwt. bag. U., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against anv other manure, no matter what price. CHUBB'S " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE. in bags. £2 per ton (hags included); sample Icwt. bag. 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictlt/ Cash with order. Bankers, Union Bank of London. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON. B. ORCHID TEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO.. FarDborough, Hants. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBEE REFUSE. Id. per bushel ; lOO for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. ; 4-bu3hel bags, id. each. LIGHT BKOWN FIBKOUS PEAT, 6s. U. per sack ; 6 sacks, BLACK 'fibrous PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s.; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 15s. per half ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel baps, id. each. rELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6rf. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGrN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21. Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17J., Coal Yard), W.C. CANKEY'ri "MARKET POT," or LONG O TO.MS. the best " Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 iu. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3^ in. pot. thus saying half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in.. 4 in.. 4} in., and 4j in. ; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to 1^ in. deeper than usual, very strong antl muchlighterin weight— the very pot for M.arket Growers; great economy in room anil weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY and SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. ADVERTISEMENTS Inserted in the DAILY NEWS and in all LONDON, PROVINCIAL, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. Exceptional Terms for a Series. CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS On PAGES 2, 3, and 6 of tlie GLOBE. Tlie SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING .STANDARD, And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the PEOPLE. Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the OFFICIAL GOVEllNMENT POLICE GAZETTE. WILLING'S, 125, STEAND, LONDON, W.C. Telegraph Address—" WILDING'S, London." Telephone No. 2773. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OTJTDOOB WORK, C0NSEBVAT0B.IE8, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid NOD-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &o Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE BAUVAOE YAKD, LUDQATE HILL, EC. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Oisoroit for Cash. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, the same as supplied to the Boj'al Agricultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, free on rail, L. B. S. C. or S. K.. £1 bs.. other lines, £l Ss. ; 20 bags, ibs. ; 40. £l 8s. Bags included. Cosh with order. J. STEVEXS XSD CO., l.=>3. High Street, Eattersea. S.W. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soijl with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant 110611; admirably afrrv. Glasgow, and ICdinburRh, or ?tnti'in'*equiTnlent. pATAlOOyES POST-FREE. Jancabt 12, 1889.] TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 59 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE (Established 1841) CONTAINS AKTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF GARDENING. NOTICES OF ALL HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST EEPORTS of EXHIBITIONS, EEVIEWS of BOOKS, and HOME, COLONIAL, and FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE. Original Illusti-ations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following^, out of many hundreds may be named :— ALPINE PLANTS :- BACKHOl'SE. J. BALL. J., F.R.S. CHURCHILL. Ci. C. ClittOD. BristoL CORREVOX. H.. Geneva. DEWAE, D.. Kew. DOD, Kev. C. W. JENKINS. E. AMATEUR GARDENING :- BADGER. E. W. BOYLE. Hon. Mrs. E. V. B. •• S. BRIGIU." BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Notes from a Lancashire Garden"). CLARKE. Col. Trevor. EWB.INK, Rev. H., Rjde. LOWNE. B. T. THOMSON. W. \VEra. Harrison. ARBORETUM :- B.VRRON. W., Borrowash. LAVALLEE. Alphoase. the late. NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Eoyal Gar- dens, Kew. S.UIGENT, Prof., Boston. U.S.A. SYME. G. YEO. D. J., LjTicham. YOUNG, Maurice. BEE-KEEPING :— CHITTY, W. EOBINSON, J. F. CHEMISTRY ;- CHI'RCH. Prof.. Kew. IlEHER.UN. Prof., Paris. DY'ER. Bernard. GILBERT. Prof.. Rotharasled. LA WES. Sir J. B.. Rothamsted. MITCHELL. W. S. WARINGTON. R. Kothamsted. WILLIS. J. J. DISEASES OF PLANTS :- ARTHUR, Prof.. New York. BASTLiN. Dr. Charlton. F.H.S. BOS. Dr. Ritzema. Wageningen. BERKELEY'. Rev. M. J., F.R.S. COOKE. Dr. M. C. MURRAY. G.. British Museum. PAGET. Sir .Tames, F.R.S. PHILIPPS. W. PLOWRIGHT. C. B., (Fungi). SMTTH. W. G. S0R.4UER. Prof.. Proskau. [Forestry. WAED, Prof. MarshaU, School of FEENS:- BAKER, J. G., Royal Gardens, Kew. DRUERY, C. MOORE. T. (the late), Botanic Gardens, KEMSLEV, A. [CHielsea. FLORISTS" FLOWERS :- DE.tX. R.. Ealing. DODWELL. E. S., Oxford. DOMBRAIN. Rev. H. H. DOUGLAS, J., nford. DOWXIE. J.. Edinburgh. HORNEK. Rev. F. D. MOLY'NEUX. E. PAUL, G., Paislev. TUENEE, C, the late. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE:- ADLAM. K. W.. Natal. ANDRE. E.. P.iris. ANTOINE. F.. the late. Vienna. BENNET. H.. M.D.. Mentone. BERGMAN, E.. FerriSres. BONAVLA. C, Lucknow. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :- CARUEL. Prof.. Florence. C.ASP.AKY, Prof.. Kamigsberg. DAMMAR, Dr. Udo, Berlin. DE ILIK. J. A., Boston, U.S.A. DRUDE. Prof., Dresden. DUCHARTRE, Prof., Paris. EICHLER. the hite. Prof.. Director, Imperial Botanic Gardens, Berlin. ENGLER. Prof., Breslau. FENZI, Cav. E.. Florence. HANBURY. T.. Mentone. HART. J. H.. Trinidad. HENKIQUEZ. Prof., Coimbra. JOLY. C, Paris. JENMAN, J. S., British Guiana. KOLB. Mai. Munich. KRELAGE. E. H., Haarlem. LANGE, Prof., Copenhagen. LEHMANN. H.. Popayau. MEEHAN, T., Philadelphia. MONTEIRO. Chev., Lisbon. MORREN, the late Prof., Liege. NAUDIN, C. Antibes. NELSON, C. J.. Orange Free State. OLIVELRA, J. D.', Oporto. OLIVER. Captain S. P., Madagascar. PLANCHON. Prof., Montpellier. PYNAERT. E.. Ghent. KEGEL. E., St. Petersburg. RODIGAS. E.. Ghent. SURLNG^Ut. Prof.. Leyden. TROUBETZKOI. Prince (Eucalyptus). VILMORIN, H. de. Paris. WITTMACK. Dr., Berlin. WOLKEXSTEIN, St. Petersburg. FORESTRY :- BRACE. C. J.. France. FRANCE, C. S., Aberdeen. MICHIE. 0. Y., Cullen, Aberdeen. SCHLICH. Dr. Superintendent, Forest Department, Cooper's Hill.; WEBSTER. A. D.. Bromley. FRUIT CULTURE :- BARRON. A. F.. Chiswick. BLACK.MORE. R. D. EUNYARD, G., Maidstone. Kent. CHEAL. J.. Crawley, Sussex. RIVERS. T. F. WARD, E.. Hewell Grange. WILDSMITH, W., Heckfield Gardens. GARDEN BOTANY :- BAKER. .1. G.. F.R.S. BALFOUR. Prof., Edinburgh. BALL, .1.. F.R.S. BENTHAM. the late G., F.R.S. BOLUS, H.. Cape Town. BROWN. N. E., Herbarium, Kew. BURBLDGE. F. W., Botanic Gardens, CLARKE, Col. Trevor. [Dublin. CLAKKE, C. B., F.R.S. COOKE. Dr. (Fungi). CORNU. Prof. Mai, Paris. DECAISNE. the late Prof., Paris. DE C.ANDOLLE. A., Geneva. DY'ER. W. T. T., Director, Eoyal Gardens, Kew. ELLACOMBE. Rev. Canon. ELWE;S. H. J. (Lilies). [fers). EXGELMANN. the late Dr. G. (Coni- FRANCHET. Paris. [U.S.A. GRAY. Prof. Asa, the late, Boston, HEMSLEY, W. B., Kew, HOOKER, Sir J. D., K.C.S.I.. late Director. Royal Garden.'). Kew. JACKSON. Mu^um. Royal Gardens, Kew (Economic Botany). LEICHTLIN. Max, Baden-Baden. LIND.SAY. R.. Royal Botanic Gardens. Edinburgh. MAW. G. (Crocus). MOORE, F., Royal Gardens, Glasnevin. GARDEN BOTANY :- MORRIS, D., Assistant Director, Kew, NAUDIN, C. Antibes. OLIVER. Prof., F.R.S. ROLFE, R. A., The Herbarium, Kew. SMITH, W. G. (Fungi). STEEN. Breslau Gardens. STRICKLAND, Sir C. TODAEO. Baron. Palermo. WATSON, Sereno, Boston, U.S.A. GARDEN INSECTS ■■- MoLACHLAN, E., F.E.S., Prcs. Ent. Soc. MICHAEL, A. E.. F.R.S. WESTWOOD. Prof.. F.R.S. HERBACEOUS PLANTS ;- BAEE, P., Covent Garden. CEEWE, Eev. H. Harpur, the late. DOD, Rev. C. W. ELLACOMBE. Rev. Canon. ELWES, H. J., Cirencester. HARTLAND. Baylor, Cork. PERRY. Tottenham. POTTER. W.. York. WILSON, G. F.. F.R.S. INDIA AND THE COLONIES :- BANOEOFT. G.. M.D.. Queensland. BENN'ETT, Q.. M.D.. Sydney. BONA VTA. Dr., N. W. P., India. COOPEE. Sir Dan.. Bart., Sydney. DLTTHIE, J. F.. Sahamnpore. FAWCETT.W., Superintendent Botani- cal Department Jamaicii HAET, J. H.. Superintendent, Botanical Department, Trinidad. IM THURN, Everard, British Guiana. KING. Dr.. Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta. MACOWAN, Prof., Cape Town MUELLER, Baron Sir Ferd. von, Melbourne. MUETON. H. J., Siam. EIDLEY. H. N.. Superintendent Botan- ical Department. Singapore. SCHOMBURGK, Dr., Adelaide. SMITH, T.. New Zealand. TEIMEN. H., Ceylon. WOOD, Medley, Botanic Garden, Dur- ban. LANDSCAPE GARDENING :- ANDRE. E., Paris. BOSCAWEN. Hon. and Rev. J. T. BURVENICH. F.. Ghent. JACKMAN, J.. Woking. JULIAN, G. Richards. ORCHIDS ;— ANDERSON. J.. Meadowbank. BACKHOUSE, J., York. BULL. W. BULLEN, R., Botanic Gardens, Glasgow. BUYSSON, M. Lc Comte. CRAWSHAY'. De B. LAWRENCE. Sir Trevor. Bart.. M.P., President, Hoyal Horticultural Soc. LEE. W.. Downside. LINDEN. Lucien, Brussels. O'EEIEX, James. PFITZEE, Prof., Heidelberg. EEICHENBACH, Prof., Hamburgh. EIDLEY, H. N., Singapore. SANDER, F. SMEE. A. H. SWiN, W., Staines. \'ErrCH. H. J. WILLIAMS. B. S. WOOLFOED, C. PRACTICAL GARDENING :- ATKINS. J. AUSTEN, J.. Witley Court Gardens. BAILLIE, W. M., Luton Hoo Gardens. BALNES. T. BAXTER, W. H., Botanic Gardens, Oxford. BLAIR. T., Shrubland Gardens. C.ARMICHAEL, A.M., Henley in Aiden. CHALLIS, T. CHRISTIE. A.. Warwick Castle. COLEMAX. W., Eastnor Castle Gardens. COOJIBER. J.. The Hcndre. Monmouth. COOMBER. W.. RcRcnfs Park. CROSSLING, E., St. Fagan's Castle Gardens. CULVERWELL, W., Thorpe Perrow. DEAN, A. (Potatos, &c.). DEWAE, D., Royal Gfirdens, Kew. DIVERS, W. H.. Ketton. DOUGLAS, J., Great Goarios, IlforJ. DUNN, M., Dalkeith. EAELEY, W., Ilford. EVANS, A., Lythe Hill Gardens. FINDLAY, B., Manchester. FISH. D. T., Hardwicke Gardens. FOWLER, A., Castle Kennedy Gardens. GIBSON. W. M. (Town Gardening). GRIEVE. P.. Bury St. Edmunds. HE.MSLEY. A. (Market Plants). HEERIN. C, Dropmore. HUDSON. J. (Stove Plants). INGRAM, W.. Belroir Gardens. LYNCH. R. J., Botanic Gardens, Cambridge. McINDOE. J.. Hutton Hall. MELVILLE, D.. Dunrobin Gardens. MILES. G. T., Wycombe Abbey Gardens. MILLER, W.. Coombe Abbey. MOORE. F. W., Royal Botanic Garden, O'BRIEN, T. [Glasnevin. POWELL, D. C. Powderham Caslle. RICHAEDS, G. H., Somerley Gardens EOBEETS, J., Gunnersbury. BOSS, F., Pendell Court, Bletchingley. BUST, J.. Bridge Castle. SAUL, M., Y'ork. SHEPPARD, J., Wolverstoh Gardens SMITH, J., Mentmore Garden.s. SMY'THE. W., Basing Park. TEMPLE, M„ Carron House, N.B. THOMAS, O.. Chatswortli Gardens. THOMSON. W.. Clovenforil (Vines). WALLIS, J.. Keele Gardeas. WARD. E.. Hewell Grange. Bromsgrove. WARD. H. W., Longford Castle Gardens. WAED, A., Stoke Edith Park. WATSON. W.. Royal Gardens, Kew. WEBSTER. J.. Gordon Castle Gardens WILDSiVnTH, W., Heckfield Gardens WILSON, D. WILSON, G. F. (Lilies). ROSES :- BENNETT H. D'OMBRAIN, Rev. H. H. FISH. D. T., Hardwick, Bury St FISHER, Eev. 0. [Edmn nds GIRDLESTON, T. W. PAUL. G.. Cheshunt. PAUL, W. Waltbam Cross VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY .- BENN'ETT. A. W. BOULGER, Prof. DARWIN. Charles, tlie late. FOSTER. Pi if. Michael. GAEDINEE, W.. Cambridge. GLAISHEB. James (Meteorology.) HBNSLOW, Kev. G. 60 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Januakt 12, 1889. CH EAP FRAM E S. THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always hare a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutf^ by any cue. Prices delivered free to any station in England. 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. { 2-light frame, 8 ft. b> 6 ft. ] ^l^^^S 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. ') Jf^^l 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( Larger sizes "t proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Enf^ineers, Royal Horticultural Works, middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c., 2, Holloway Eoad.N. WIRING FOR GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED WraE. 14 B.W.G., 2s. per 100 yards. GALVAMSFIt KVJ:s, 1^ in. from shoiilder to eye, Id. per doz. ,, TERMINALS, with Winders, 8s. per dozen. ,, ,. without Winders, 2s. 'id. per doz. Straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635. As illustrated above, price 38. and 4S. per do/.en. Driving Eyes,— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 633. Comidete Catalogue of all kinds of Iron and Wire Fencing free. BAYLISS, JONES, & BAYLISS, WOLVERHAMPTON, And 139 and 141, CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. {Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station. Is. 8(i. per gallon in casks of 3(5, 20, or 10 gallons. ^ A -TT m -r r\ -ny Every Cask bears the above (J A U 1 1 U JS , Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMITH, Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, £,C. ; 47, Dawson Street, Dublin. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, and finish ; enormous stocks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting ; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different .sizes. Carriage and breakage f ree on i:lO orders ; half carriage on £5. KICHABD SANKEY and SON. Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. 2 2J 3 3} inches. 3d., 4d., 5d., 7d. per doz. No. 632a. .^ 2s. 6d. Best Galvanised Wire. 1/3, 1/6, 1/9 per 100 yards. Illustrated CATALOGUE on apinimtton. J. J. THOMAS & CO. 87, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. H O S. Dennis W. ROBINSON, Park Irouworks, Stourbridge, •t-in. Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes. 9 fteet long, 4-;. ot/.'eLtch ; 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6(/. each. Illustrated revised Price List oji applicatioJi, free. Greatly Reduced in Price. SILVESTER'S PATENT TRENTHAM BOILER Is the BEST. CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOIVnCAl BOILER EXTANT for all heating purposes, and is only supplied by the PATENTEE. All other kinds of BOILERS, PIPES, V.1LVES, HEATING and VENTILATING APPA- RATUS manufactured by F, SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. Full Particulars on application. ^ PATIENT '^ PRX) PA GATO/^ Made in suiiunoreartlien^ure. 1 1 in. 1011^,63^ in. ili.-ep,jiiul6 in. wide. Inside, 2; iiKln-sfrom the top, is ;i perforated movable false bottom, uponwiiich Uu' .loil for i'iittiiit,'sor .-^eedH isplaced, the lower half being filled with wnti-r, whleh is replenished when required tlirough the funnel. It tits evenly on 4-inch Iiot-water pipes, and wiUbe found a simple mid effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forma an effeetive vaporiser. Price .1,'{. enrh ; six carriage and p.nkage free to any station in Great Britain for £\ \s. ; or two for 8s. (3rf. Sole makers and patentees, T. PASCALL AND SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey. S.E. ParrtoTi Prt+o 1 ^^urs are unsurpassed by any in the Trade. irarueu rois. j ^^,,y ^^^ ^^.^n j,^^,^^^ porous, and of a splen- did colour and ^^l:|pe. Samples carriage frei\ Orcliid Pottery of every description. ScndforPriceList.— THOS. PASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S.E GLASS. — ^CHEAP GLASS. 88. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14.24X14, 14X12. 20x12. IS X 16. 24X16, 12s. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14.20x16, 24 x 18, &c. Putty, 65. 6d. percwt. ; White Lead, genuine, 21s.; Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil. Stone Ochre, 20s.; Oxford Oelir.-, 24s.; Green. His.; Ulack, Itis. per iwt. ; Varnish, from ?<■;. 6(/. per gal. — Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 96, Bishopsgate Street Within, Loudon, E.C. FOR SALE, a Slow-combustion Greenhouse STOVE, Portway's. Will heat 120 feet of 4-inch pipe. quite new. Price £2 10s.; cost£.i; and will be sent fr(»e to anv railway station. Applv to THOMAS CRIPPS andSOX, Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent. XHIBITION PLANT VAN, for Road or Rail. E. TUDGEY. Home Farm. Waltoii-on-Thames. Garden Nettings. Hothouse Shadings, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHAorXGS. TIFFANY. RIOBY', WAINWRIGHT A>D CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester, COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists. E 21-OZ. Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxe9. 3rda and 4thg qualities, always kept in stock. A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. (tlass in 200 feet boxes. English Glass, cui to buyer's sizes, at lowest prices, including free deliver]/ in the country in quantities. GEORGE FAHMILOE & SONS, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfield, LondoiL, E.C. stock List and Prices on apphcation. Price l^ist of Colours, f^'nmiskex. Desupisofiitained A. Leaded Glass. Quote Chronidr.. POWELL'S BALSAM OP ANISEED, THE SUREST COUGH MEDICINE. TRY IT. Persons who suffer from a CHRONIC INFLAMM.iTORY CONDITION of the mueous membrane, periodically a'^-nmin" an acute a>iiect. in the form of COUGH. CATARRH, 1 KON- CHITIS, and ASTHMA, will find POWELL'S BALAAM of ANISEED a friend indeed. Sold by Chemists throughout the World, 15. l^rf. and 2s. 3d. per bottle. See Trade Mark— Lies, Net. and Mouse. Established 70 years. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S G R A T E F U L- 0 O M F O R T I N G . COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION, NaBTONja CAMOMILE PILLS. Arc co)ifidcntly recommended as a sim/'U' httt ce> ta:t'. remedy for ^f INDIGESTION ^^ Bee Testimonial, sclooted fi'om hundreds:— CROYDON, 1885. " Having been a sufferer from Indi- s;cstion for mnuv years, 1 am happy to "say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by us!>ig Norton's Pills, and confidently recom- mend them to all suffering from the same. " J. WILKINSON." For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magasines. Sold everywhere, price is. i\d., 2s. gtf. and ii.s. Janiuhv 12, 1SS9.] THE GAUD KNEES' ClIliONlCLE. 61 R. HALLIDAY 8c CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Qreenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of urowiug houses, and tor practical utility, ecouomy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the VKRr hf:st. Conservatories and Winter Gardens d.-iif;neii nr.hifecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to lli.- l:irf;,'sT. HOt-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success K»iaranteed in all cuaes. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. FUms, KUimntts and Cutaloyitcs free. Customers waited oji in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST MATERIALS. IdESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to aJl about to build, alter, or heat grePTihouses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses. Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the beat kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possesang hundreds of illustrations of all tlie latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in ■rurdeniiig. as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it twats. the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. pOSt-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competitiOD. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, U, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. 1889. Please send me " The Gabdenbbs' Chbonicle " for Months, commencing _,for which 1 enclose P.0.0.^ (T Please Note that all Copies sent Direct ftom tills OfBco must be paid for In advance. ,© THE UNITED KINGDOM :~12 Months, 1.5s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6E,S EVER I'UBLISHED, Chapter, I, II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Vllt. IX. X. XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. Plates I.- ABCHIBALD F. BARRON, Superintendent of the Royal HoRTiouLTuRiL Sooiktv's Gardens, Sechetauy of jhe Fruit Committee, &o. CONTENTS. Historical Sketch, Propagation of the Vine. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. Vine Borders : their formation, soils, &c. Structures for Grape Growing. Heating of Vineries. Planting Vines : when and how to do it. The General Manaj^ement of Vineries. Pruning and Training the Vine. Dit^budding and Stopping the Shoots. Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vinea. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grapj Conservatory at Chis^vick. Vines on Open Walln. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects, Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The Classification of Grape Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. XXX. : II lustrations of the best kinds of Grapes. "JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE 171, FLEET STREF,T. LONDON. E.C. To be had aho of A. F. BARRON. Ro;/al //orticuUural Garde7i!i, Chisivic/^, London. W. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth. Price 53. ; Post-free. 5s. 6d. THE SYDNEY MAIL. NEW SOUTH WALES ADVERTISER. CONTENTS-— INTERCOLONIAL and GENEILVL NEWS. SPORTING ami the FIELD, iu which is incorporated BELL'S LIFE in SYDNEY. RECORD of RACES, and NOTES on the TURF. CRICKET and AQUATICS. THE FLORA of AUSTRALIA. (Draivn and engraved especi- ally for this Journal.) NATUR.U, HISTORY. (Original Articles.) AGRICULTURE, PASTORAL, HORTICUXTURE. GOLD FIELDS and MINING generaUy. STOCK and SHARE REPORTS. ORIGLNAL and SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES. TALES by POPULAR ENGLISH and AUSTRALIAN AUTHORS. THE FASHIONS. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. INDOOR AMUSEMENTS THE CHESS PLAYER. THE HOJME CIRCLE. COMMERCIAL NEWS. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. The SYDNEY MAIL has a wide circulation throughout the Australian Colonies. New Zealand, Polynesia, &c. It contains a large amount of information on a great variety of subjects. Subscription in Advance, £1 63. per Annum. Single Copies. 6cl.; Stamped, Id, Publishing Office — Hunter Street, Sydney, New South Wales. ENGLAND. The undermentioned Newspaper and Advertising Agents are authorised to receive ADVERTISEMENTS for the SYDNEY MORNING HERALD and SYDNEY ilAIL :— London Messrs. Geo. Street & Co., 30, Comhill, E.C. Mr. F. Algar, 8, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.C. Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, St. Bride Street, Fleet Street, E.C. Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, 186, Strand. Bristol James and Henry Grace, Koyal Insurance Buildinffs. Manchester... james and Henry Grace, 73, Market Street. Edinburgh ... Robertwn & Srott, 13, Hanover Street. Glasgow W. Porteous & Co., 1.5, Koyal Exchamre Place ^ ^p" Copies of each Journal are filed at the above O^ces/or the use of Advertisers, 62 THE GABDENER8' C EBON I CLE. [Jaitoahy 12, 1889. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE — ♦ — Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charqed as two. 4 Lines ..£030 15 Lines . . £0 8 6 6 „ ..036 16 „ ..090 6 ..040 17 „ ..096 7 ..046 18 „ . . 0 10 0 8 " ..050 19 „ . . 0 10 6 9 „ ..056 20 „ . . 0 11 0 10 „ ..060 21 „ . . 0 11 6 11 „ ..066 22 „ . . 0 12 0 12 ,, ..070 23 „ . . 0 12 6 13 ;; ..076 24 „ .. 013 0 14 „ ..080 25 „ . . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the lowest charge wiU be 30j. Page. £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. L'B words, including name and address, Is, 6(i., and ad. tor every additional line (about 9 word») or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojices, as cUl Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MD3T reach the Office iy Thursday noon. AU Subscriptions Payable In Advance. Phe United Kixsdom : 12 Months, 15s. ; S Months, 73. 6d. ; 3 Months, 33. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d. Post office Orders Ui be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRCTRY LANE. W.C., to W. Richards. PoBLiSHiNQ Office and Office for Adteetisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, and finish ; enormous stocks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No wiiitint;; orders executed within one hourolletter or telegram. Tliirty diliferent sizes. Carriage aud breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £5.' RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. Now Ready, the seventh Edition, revised and enlarged, price ;}.i. 6rf.. post-free. CULTURAL DIRECTIONS for the ROSE, by John Cranston, King's Acre Nurseries, near Here- ford, containing every inforiaalion relative to Rose Culture; a choice selection of all the finest Roses, fully described ; a select List of sorts adapted to various circumstances, situations, soils, and climates; a complete Catalogue of varieties of Roses intro- duced up to the present time ; and a Calendar of Operations to be performed during each month throughout the year. "Destined to become the fruit garden of the Universe." — Morninq Pout. THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES. Illustrated ; 3s. 6d., all Hookseller3. CHAFFEY BROS. (Ltd.), Sh, Queen Victoria Street. E.G. Pamphlet free. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARBEN ... 16tli Year.-i THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30tli Year. I un»ea and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. [ qj,£_ THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17tli Year.j Making the Largest, Best. Ohiest. Lireliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNALFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, lOfl VOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE X INDEPENDENT, and make theirown wayin the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations found for all Pupils at good salaries. E, H. LIB BY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland ;— STEEL AND JONES, 4, SprinK Gardens, Charing Cross. Loudon, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Sub- scriptions may be sent. GABDBNINO APPOINTMENTS. Mn. John Knight has been appointed Steward and Gardener to H. Berkley James, Esq., The Oaks, Epsom. He has been at The Oaks for the last ten years as Gardener, Mr. James being his third employer there. Mr. H. G. Blizzard, late Foreman at Sharde- loes, Amersham, Bucks, has been appointed Head Gardener to E. J. Teendell, Esq., The Abbey, Abingdon, Berks. Mr. R. Elpuinstone, Gardener to the late John Heywood, Esq., of Stretford, near Jlan- ohester, has been appointed Gardener to C!le- MENT M. RoYD.s, Esq., of Greenhill, Rochdale. Mr. A. J. Johnson, formerly Gardener to S. C. Umfbeville, Esq., Ingress Abbey, Green- hithe, has been appointed Gardener to Lord Huntingfield, Heveningham Hall, Y'oxford, Suffolk. Mr. Geo. Humphrey has been appointed as Head Gardener to James Lake, Esq., Sherriff Court, Minster, Kent. Mr. James Riddell, for the last six years Gardener to the Earl of Feyersiiam, Buncombe Park, Y'orkshire, has been appointed gardener to the Earl of Carlisle, Castle Howard, Yorkshire. Mr. John Brunton, for the last six years Gardener at Hallyburton House, Forfarshire, N.B., succeeds Mr. Riddell, at Buncombe Park. Mr. Crasp, late Gardener to the Earl of Sydney, succeeds Mr. Brunton at Hallyburton, WANTED, a GROOM and GARDENER, must understand both duties. One horse only. State height, weight, age. Without f.mily preferred, lys. weekly, and cottage. —N. Tidys' Library, Sittingbourne, Kent. ANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN and propagator (Married). Grapes, Tomatos, Cucum- bers, Cut Flowers, and Ferns.— Copies of testimonials to F. E., 34, High SIreet, Clapham, S.W. ANTED, a good Soft-wood PROPA- GATORan.l GROWER.— State age. wages, and refer- enee.— W. TROUGHTON, Nurseryman, Preston. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and SALES- MAN.— Must be well-up in Camellias. Rhododendrons, A zaleas. Cucumbers, Tomatos, and all Market Stuff in quantity. Must be sober, industrious, and obliging.— State lowest wages to RIDER BROS., Heath Nurseries, Moortown. Leeds. ANTED, a young Man, as ASSISTANT PROPAGATOR, used to Cut Flowers and Plants for Market, in a large place. Constant, with progressive wages and lodgings.— Apply by letter only, with particulars and wages expected, to G. R., Henry Rides, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, TWO JOURNEYMEN, for Houses. Wages, £1 and 17s., bothy and vegetables. Premiums, £10 and m. Evening Lessons in Rudiments of Garden (Agrioulliiral) Chemistry and different grades of Drawing. &c.— Address PHOSPHATE, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a strong young MAN, for the Houses, who has had good expenenee in Groning Fruit, Stove and Greenhoose Plants, and good Grape Thinner. Comfortable lodgings found. State age. wages and experience to G. HICKMOTT, The Gardens, Huntleys. Tunbridge Wells. ANTED, SIX or EIGHT active young MEN, willing to make to make themselves useful in a Market Nursery where Fruit is grown very extensively ; also one tor Stoking.-.IOSEPH ROCHFORD, Turnford Nurseries, near Hoddesdon, Herts. WANTED, a competent energetic young Man to act as TRAVELLER in the Nursery and Seed Trade. One with a good connection round the suburbs of London preferred. Must be well up in his business. State salary reiiuired. Character must bear strict investigation.- H. C, Gardeners' Chronicle OIBce. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a SECOND SHOPMAN. State age and wages. Must have London Wholesale expe- ,ie„ee.— H. & W.. 11, Hart Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN, well up in Seeds, Bulbs, &c. One accustomed to Travelling among Market Gardeners.- All particulars to ALPHA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Csrman. ,,.^t WANTED, a respectable young MAN, as above. Must have good references.— H. B. MAY, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Uppcr;Edmouton, Middlesex,; WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Itestante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to thi lOriters. POSTAL ORDER.S.—To Advertisers, .Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important m remitting by Postal Ord^ that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURV LANE, to W, RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a. Postal Order is hiioicn, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. , . . N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Scotch Gardeners. Foresters, and Bailiffs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), has at present on his Register several very superior MEN whom he can recommend w ith every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par_ ticulars given on application.— 144, Princes Street, Eilinburgh B S.WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY- MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above wiU please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities wi'l be made.- Holloway, N. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB, laird AND SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and wiU be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at aU times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well kno^vn to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holborn. W.C. ICH ABD smith and Cp! beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Balllfrs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are a'lways in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectnbility, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Postal Address-" DICKSONS. CHESTER." To Growers for Market. MANAGER.— Advertiser is open to engage as abcve, in a large establishment. Well up in Grapes. Out Flowers in quantity, Tomatos, &c., for Covent Garden. Highest references.— H. G., Gardeners' Chronicle ORice, U, Wellington Street, SIrand, W.C. MANAGER, Small Nursery, mostly Glass preferred. — Many years' practical experience. — E. B., 69, Thurlow Hill, West Dulwich, S.E. ORCHIDS.— A practical man, with first-class character and qualifications, seeks r^engagcment to take charge of a collection of Orchids, or that, combined with the other duties of a garden. English.- H. BURBERRY, iV e6te de I'Hospice, Mont St. Amaude. Ghent, Belgium. GARDENER (Head).— Age 35; thoroughly practical in all branches. Twenty-four years' experience in good places. Excellent character, personal and ability.— G. W., 4, Providence Terrace. Earl's Court. Kensington, W. f^ ARDENER (Head), married, no family.— VJT A Lady wishes to recommend her Head Ganlener. Thoroughly practical in all branches; honest, steady, aud obliging.— W. THOBNEY, Close Gardens, Sunderland. GARDENER (Head).— C. L. Thompson, Esq., Milton Hail, Carlisle, wishes to highly recommend his late father's Head Ganlener to any lady or gentleman retiuiriiig a thoroughly practical man in nil br.inchesof garden- ing.—Address as above, or GARDENER. ^^^^^ GARDENER (Head), where one or more are kept; age 31, married.— I'. Coi^i.Ll>-ii. Gardener, Monks Manor. Lincoln, can with confidence recommend W. Roberts to any Lady or Gentleman as a thoroughly practical man.— Address as above. GAKDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, no en- cumberaiice ; offers Iiis services to any Nobleman. Lady, or Gentleman, recinirinR a first-rate Fruit ami IMiint Grower, and thorough Kitchen Gardener. Gooil oharncter.— P., .S, Ariiey'sCottagea, Sutton Common, Surrey. ^ GARDENER (Head). — Age W), married; thirty years' experience in Vines. 1'.':u1i(m, Fig-^. Melons, Cucumbers, Stoveanrt Greenhouse? PlaIll■^,^rotli.h, t'hrysiinthe- muma, Vegetables, and the Managcni'-iit of ii (iiinl.-n. Excel- lent references. I'lease state wages.— \V. GUNN, llruiutree, Essex. ARDENER (Head); age 32.— R. Westcott, Head Gardener to his Grace the Duke of Cleveland. Ruby Castle. Darlington. Durham, will be glad to recommend his Foreman, J. Tullett. to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a llioroughly practical, good gardener. Firat^class man in every department. Sixteen years' experience. Seven years General Foreman at Raby. Januart 12, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 63 GAEDENER (Head).— Age 30, married when suited.— W. Guv, for soveml years Foremiui to Jumo^ Mrtson, Esq.. Eynshnni Hail, Witiiey, niul over four yeiirs at the Uiike of Beaufort's, Hudminlon. aiul other phiLi-j;. ^eeks an iippoiutmeutiLS above. Thorout;Iily experienofil in all brniielies Out-sitie and under Glass, and well recoiumeuded by present and past employrs.— GUY, above address. GAKDENER (.Head).— Age 43, married, no young family ; thoroughly experienced in evejy bmnch of Gardening, indoors imd (Jut. Understand-* Farm Biiiliff's duties. Fifteen years in present situation; having through death of proprietor.- First-elass references and testimonials. Situation in Kent or Surrey preferred.— A., F. Webber, Quarry Hill Nursery, Tunbridge. GAKDENER (Head Working), where three or four are kept.— Ago ."iO, married, no family ; thoroughly experienced. First-class references. — J. T. B., 9, Maxwell Koad. King's Road. Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, single at present; practit'al experience in all branches. Good references. — R. D., LM, Ashbrook Road, Fairbridge Road, Hollowuy, N. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 2l^, married when suited; tho- roughly experienced. Firpt-elns3 references. — AY. BAKER, 65, Sherbrooke Road, Fiilham, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 50; practical Grower of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Over six years' good character. — E. ATKINS, Hargrave Garden-i. Stanstead, Esses. ARDENER (Head Working). — Middle- aged, married, no incumbrance; long experience in all its branches. Wife Poultry if required. Disengaged.— R. WALKLING, 2. Marslaud Cottages, Station Road, Oxted, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Woiiking).— Age 35, married, good practical ; thoroughly understands the Management of a good Garden. Three years' good character from last tituatiou. Wages, 2bs., with Cottage and Fuel. Distance no object.— W. SMYTHE, 9, Ariel Road, Bronde^bury. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where one or more are kept. — Age 36, married; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches, also Land and Stock. Can be well recommended from present and previous employers, — BARNETT, Gardener. The Elms Lodge, Hampion, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Working). — In the prime of life, single; abstainer. Trustworthy, energetic, and thoroughly practical in all branches. Five years' high character; also testimonials, — J. H., 39, Tetcote Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married, two children; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Four and a half years' in present situation. First- class references.— J. MASON, The Gardens, Donnington Grove, Newbury, Berks. ARDENER (Head AVoxking).- Age 30; unmarried; sixteen years' thorough experience in all branches. Several years in last place a.4 above. Could Grow to Market Surplus Produce if desired. Highly recommended and personal character. — P. T., Mr. Butler, Orchard Place, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W, ARDENER (Head Working); age 40, married — John Palmer, late of Camerton Court, Bath, offers his services as above to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man in all branches of Garden- ing. First-clais ret'erences as to character and ability ; eight years in last situation.— JOHN PALMER, Messrs. Cooling & Sous, Nurserymen, Bath. GARDENER (Head Working, or good Single-handed),— Age 33, married ; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove, fireenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden, Three years' character. — W. H., 2, Dornfell Street, Mill Lane, N.W. f~^ ARDENER (Head or Single-handed). — VJ Age 33. single ; thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GARDENER, Mr. Morgan, Bookseller, Rushey Green, Catford, S.E, GARDENER (Head, where one or two are kept, or good t^iNGLE-HANDEP),- Age 27, married; ten years' experience. Understands V'ines, Peaches, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, &c. Good references. — H. BRYAN", The Gardens, Elshum Hall, Brigg. Lines, ARDENER.— Man and Wife, as Indoor Servants: Man Gardener, Wife good Cook, No'objection to Horse.- J, P., Old Spa House, South Norwood Hill, S,E. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — Thoroughly experienced in Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Good character from last and previous employers. —Mr. REYNOLDS, West End, Metheringham, Lincoln. ARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF. — Has held the same situation at Rooksnest for twenty years, three with the late Sir Gilbert Scott, fourteen with Mrs. Bonsor, and t^vo and a half with the Hon. P, C. Glyn. Satisfactory references can be had from the two latter, also from J. G. Scott, Esq., Ridgway House, Oxted.—J. SQUIBBS, Rooksnest, Godstone. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or otherwise, — Age a9, married, one child; would make himself useful. Abstainer. Thoroughly understands duties in Gardening. Three years and a half previous and present character. Suburbs preferred. — R, W., 104, Highgate Road, Kentish Town, N.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where assistance is given.— Married, no family ; six years' good character.— G. W., Beech Hill Park, Bar net. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 21 ; understands Vines, Peaclies, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good character. — A. STOCK. 10. Wei,t Chapel Street, Mnyfair, W, GARDENER (Single-handed), or where assistance is given; age 25, single.— R. Edwakps, Gardener to Barclay Field, Esij., Beechy Lees, Otford, Soven- oaks, will be pleased to recommend F. lefrecy, who has been with him three years, as above. Good testimonials from previous places. GARDENER (Second or Single-handed). Married ; nine year:^' experience, Inside and Out. Wi'll recommended. — State wages and particulars to J. MAJOR, Ilolmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey. ARDENER (Under).— Age 24, married; Inside or Out. Can be well recommended. — E. LAM- BERT, Garnstone, Weobley, H.'refordshire. ARDENER (Under), in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's place, under Glass preferred.— Age 20 ; total abstainer, Good reference.- J. H., 1, High Street, Farn- borough, Kent. GARDENER (Under) ; age 19.— A. Maclean wishes a situation as above, where he could improve himself. Inside and Out. Rotliy preferred.— The Gardens, Orchard House, Erith, Kent. GARDENER (Under).— Age 24; can be well recommended. Outdoor. Handy under Glass. Could take charge if required.- WEAVERS, 16, Standish Road, Hammersmith, W. FOREMAN. — Eight years' experience in first- class places. Good tettimonials. — Well reconnneuded by Mr. G. LOCKE, Gardener, Newcombe House, Credtton, Devon. C"OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; nine X. years' experience in Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c.— H. WHITEHEAD, Westbury, Brackley, North Hants. FOREMAN. — Age 24, English ; eleven years' experience in good places. Thoroughly recommended as to character and ability.— C. H., The Gardens, Castle Saunder- son, Belturbet, Co. Cavan, Ireland, FOREMAN, Inside or Out. — Twelve years' experience in first-class establishments. — Address, with full particulars, ALPHA, 1, Playfair Terrace, St. Andrew's, Fifeshire. N.B. OREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants. — Eiglit years' with Messrs. Jas, Veitch & Sons, Chelsea ; six and a half years with previous employer. H. Jones will be glad to treat with any Nurseryman requiring an efficient and practical mnn iu the above capacity. Strictly sober, industrious, and attmtive to alt duties entrusted to him.— H. JONES, .38, Stamford Road, Futhani. S.W, FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and SALES- MAN.—Age 34; well iip in all Departments of the Trade, Bouquets, Wreatlis, Crosses, &c. Seven years' gootl character from last employer. Total abstainer. — S. F. S., Gar- deners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wi-llington Street, Strand, W.C. To Market Growers and Others. PROPAGATOR, AVORKING FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 28; well experience*', in Pelar- goniums, Chrysanthemums, Eouvardias, Primulas. Ferns, Palms, Dractenas, Solanums, Fuchsias, Cucumbers, 'Tomatos, Bedding Stuff. Forced Plants, and Cut Flowers. Be^^t references.— LAMBERT, 47, Neville Road, Stoke Newington, N. ARKET PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 28, married ; good all round hand. Twelve years' sound, practical i xperience in the Trade. Good Covent Garden Salesman. I'Jease state wages. — G. ARCHER, 1, Harold's Cottages, Talbot Road, Twickenham. ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market. Age 27, married ; well up in Tomatos, Cucumbers, Straw- berries, &c.. Cut Flowers, and Market Work in general. Good references. — T, BUNGE, Wick Nursery, Henfield, Sussex, ROAVER of Soft-wooded Stuff for Market. — Age 29, single ; good references for twelve years" expe- rience.—B. S., 25, Angel Terrace, Angel Road, Edmonton, Middlesex. ROWER of Soft-wooded Plants and Cut Flowers for Market. — Age 24; used to Growing for London Market. — H. C, 1, Rose Cottage, Alma Road, Ponder's End, MiI liusitiess Lett**rH to " The I'libliMher," at. 41. thi> Odicc. WelliiiKtou StmH, Covi-nt Uardeii, Lomifm, W.U. Trintcd by William Rickabds. at the Office of Messrs. Bkadburv, Aunf.w. & Co.. Lonibnni Street, Precinct of Wliitefriiirs, City of London, in the County of Middle-ex, and published bv the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Uarden, in tho aaiU County.— Saturday, January 12, 1889. A^;^t for Manchester— John Hevwoo'd. 'ESTABIJSHED l84l No. 108.— YoL. V. {s?;,"s.} SATUEDAY, JANUARY 19, 1889. /Regt. \WITH 19 a Newapnper,/ Price 3d* SUPPLEMENT.!. POST-FEKE, SJi. CONTENTS. Agare cand-ilabrum Apples, to prefCTVe Asparagus roots for forc- ilanual of Orchidaceous Plants Cope fore^it laws Catasetum gnleritiim pa- chyglosaum ., Oerstedii Cbiswick ChrVFanlhem sports Clethra arborea Cjal, anthracite Cranberries at Ashbum- haai Place Cudrania triloba ... Cypripedium Pitcher- ianum " ... Datura arborea Demlrobium Wattii English Apple Company Floii^sts' flowers' Flower garden, the Forestry Fruits under glass G irJenera' Roval Benevo- lent ... ' Gardening appointments ., Early English Giinnersbury Park Illustrations Agave candelabrum Cypripedium Pitcherianum Datura arborea. (See Supplement.) 7ri Hampton Court Ganlcng r.i «n Hardy fruit gnrdrn 79 Heliaothus Ixtiflonia ... tn R.i Herbaceous plants m Kitchen garden 79 Lielia Crawfhayana V4 S4 Law : — f« Arnold It. White R8 Loam Kli T3 National Carnation So- 74 ciety 83 -!> Norfolk Island ,S1 86 Obituary :— H.T Babington, Rev. Dr. ... 88 «7 Kidd, J ,S.S Orchid notes 74 S5 Orchids at Studley House '^ R2 ,. atWrayPark v-s Oxford Carnation Union... 83 72 Phaltenopsia amabilis 83 7H Plants and their culture... 7K 74 Potatos in May 87 S3 Preserving plants 82 7fl Roses 84 7S Rotharasted, rainfall at... 8.=) Ci Royal Horticultural So 79 ciety 80 81 Schomburgkia lepidissinia 7i HI Societies— 94 Royal Horticultural ... 87 ;i Vanilla trade, the 78 77 \'citch Memorial Fund ... 81 Ariivrtisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. . 7 -hi; GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1888. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84..30 for Twelve Months. Agent forAmerica:— E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden," 7ol, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. o LD CRIMSON CLOVE (True).— Fine healthy, strong voung plants, well rooted, 12s. per 100. H. REED. Belmont. Wimbledon. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BAER'S 1889 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found ^pecinl remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasuut in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BARR AND SON. Kins Street. Covent Garden, W.C. ' Trade Price Current 1889. PETER LAWSOX and SON (Limited), Wholf-«ale Sekd Grower.? and Merchants, Edin- burgh, have posted their ANNUAL CATALOGUE to their Customers; if not delivered, another copy will be posted upon application^ FOR SALE, CAMELLIA, fine all round plant, clean, and in vigorous htalth ; flowering buds thinned down 10 2.30; height 10 feet, diameter 7 feet ; every point "iet wi'h bud ; colour deep crimson. Price and to view Address HENRY BROWNE, Superintendent Dartmouth Park. West Bromwich. A SPARAGUS and SEAKALE, Extra strong roots for immediate forcing. DICKSOys Nurseries. CHESTER. FOR SALE, " GARDENERS' CHRONICLE" from 1861 to 1879 and 188.'. Apply. G. RUSHMORE. Stoke, Colchester. To the Trade. JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT and BEALE beg to intimate that their WHOLESALE CATALOGUE of SEEDS and SUNDRIES has now been Posted to all Customers. If not received another copy will be sent ou application to 237 and 238 High Holborn, London. W.C. Barr'a Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders. Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivated plants Only. Free on appliiaition. BARR AND SON, 12 and VS. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4. b, and G feet. Variegated. 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. M AIDENHAIR always ready. FERN. — Bunches Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm. Walton-on-Thames. APAGERIAS.— ALBA, in 20-inch pot, on trellis, 3 feet 6 inches bv 3 feet 3 ; SUPEREA. in 19-inch pot; ROSEA, in 16- inch pot. "■ "" ; ROSEA, FORSHAW, Price £2ct. , Cannon Street. Preston. AUSTIN ROBERTS will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSE OF any ciuantity of Choice Cut FLOWERS and FERNS, at best Market Prices. Prompt returns and weekly settlements. Boxes, fitc, supplied. Gojd references. 17. Pitt Street, Tottenham Court Road. London, W. ; and Stand. 172, Covent Cardan Flower Market. W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NunsEBV.MES. Sidcup, and 285, 288, 287, 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden, London. W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP." RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any qu.antity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 6M, Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C Reference: London and County Bank. Telegraphic address— Adiantum. London. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will he carried on a'* heretofore by Heary Squelch, on tlie Premises lately occupied hy the Firm. All debts due nnd payable will be received and dischargt'd by Henry Squelch; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelcli. llNRY'SQUELCH" ( iate"Squelch" & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats. Cucumhu^ra, Toraatos, and Beans; also nil kinds of choice Hothouse Flower.-;. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-clnss Hothoii=;i' Produce, and he having a connection among^it the best Hon-ea in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Price-". vVccount Sales fur- ni?hed daily, and accoiinU settled weekly, or as deiired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. W. BARNHA.M ^late of Squelch & • Barnham) BECEl\'ES ON COMMfSSION. hispe.sonal attention secu'ing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Barkets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. O MUSHROOM SPAWN MAKERS.— Please state lowest prire and size of Bricks fur quan- tities to S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. W" ANTED, Maidenhair Fern, Bouvardia, Orcdids, Eucharia. Roses, Camellias, and any other choice Cut Flowers. Best MaJket Prices returned weekly. Address S. HILL. -Tun.. 21. Charlottp SIreet. Fitzrov Scinare, W. ; and Stand -56i, Covent G-ird. n Flow-r Mark* t, W.C. c T SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. —Now ready : price \s., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre. The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg. Germany. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AjiD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. "THD LARGE PLANTERS of THORN X QUICKS.— 1 to IJ foot, 9.!. per 1000. f 10 per 100,000 ; IJ to 2 feet, 11.1. per 1000, £ht) per 100,000; 2 to 2} feet. l:is. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, \^s. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet. 18s. per 1000. OARLIES MITCHELL. Nurserjman, Stranraer. ~0 THE TRADE. HELLEBORUS NIGER, good healthy imported Plants, at very low prices per 100 and luOO. LILY OF I'HE VALLEY.— Fine Berlin forcing Buds, cheep to clear out. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C. SEEDS. — Richard Smith & Co., AVorcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All .Seeds, &c., aie of the best possible quality. Garden aad Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &c. CG. VAN T U B E K G E X , J u n ., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLFSALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 25. Savage Gardens, Cnitched Friar?, London, E.C. OX.— BOX.— BOX.- For Sale, a quantity of Dwarf Box Edging, in excellent conditiou for planting. For price, &c., apply to the GARDENER, The Grange, Stourbridge, Worce,-*ter. SEAKALE for Forcing. — Superior, selected, large Crowns. 80s. per lOrXf ; under ftnO, ^x. per lOO. A remittance with all ordwr^.— ALFRED ATWOOD, Grower. 14, Lavender Terrace, Battersea. S.W. diam., r-ery ; carriage and breakage free on £10 orders; half carriage uii £.^. Acknowledged by the trade to be the best pots manuiactured. Largest Stock and Largest Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEYandSON, Bnlwell Potteries, Nottingham 1 100 OOO^^^^^^'^ ^^'^^'^^^"•^^^' 1^ L\_/v/^V7"V/ in stock, ready for immediute delive T THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be bud of all Nursery and Seedomen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10. Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels. N-B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; mlniirably arlapted for all pot plants. In bags : lia lb., 19.«. ; .'itj lb.. Us. 31. ; 28 lb., 6s.9rf. ; 14lb.,4a.; 7\h., 2s.3d. In tias. Is. each. Sjle Manufacturers, PHILIPHARBISANDC0..■*, I)y order of the Proprietor, wlio is leaving i\n- ueigliliourliood and selling the Estate. EIGHT DAYS' SALE. Important to (he Trade and Large Buyers. IfESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are i'X favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at tlieir Central Sale Rooms, 67 aud 6 JANUARY 2.5 FEBRUARY I ■1 TllUTSday Next,— (Sale No. 7S63.) The Remaining Portion of the COLLECTION of ORCHIDS formed by C. Hamerton, Esq., of Stockw.dl Green. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from C. Hamerton, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. .33. King Street, Covent Uarden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 24, at halt-past 12 o'clock precisely, the remaining portion of his Collection of ORCHIDS, consisting of well grown plants of PhalKnopsis Sciiilleriana and P. amabilis, Cypripedium Spicerianum and othera, Cym- bidiums, Odontoglossums. Oncidiums. &c. Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7853.) ODONTOGLOSSUM \EXXLLARIUM LEOPOLDI, from Mr. F. Sander. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Jlr. F. Sander to include in his SALE by AUCTION, at liis Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden. 'W.G., on THURSDAY NEXT, January 2t, a plant with one flower of ODONTOGLOSSUM \EXILLARIUM LEOPOLDI, imported by Mr. Pynaert van Geert, and one of the mast beantifal Orchids ever introduced. On view morning of Sale, and Cafjilogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7853.) RARE F.STABLISHED ORCHIDS. IXfR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his ItX sale by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W,C., on THURSDAY, January 24, the following Rare and Choice ORCHIDS :— Dendrobium nobile Sanderianum, D. Leechianum, Odonloglossum Hunnewel- lianum, Oncidium splendidum, Lrelia acuminata alba, extrememely rare; Cypripedium species, new?, C. Elliott- ianum, C. cardinale, C. Leeanum superbum. C. vexillarium, C. Godselfiauum, C. To, Sobralia leucoxantha, S. xantlio- leuca, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. FOR SALE, an Old-established NURSERY and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS, situate in the main Uxbridge and Northfield Roads, Ealing. W.. consisting of six Greenhouses, fitted with Hot-water Piping; two Boilers. Large Stock. Ready-money trade. Good opening for energetic man. Plenty of Jobbing if looked after. Kent very low. and all let off. Price to an immediate purchaser, £300, or offer. Present Lease about eight years to run. For furiher particulars apply to S. C, 1, Minton 'Villaa, Uxbridge Road. Ealing Dean, W. N.B.-^If NOT SOLD before JANUARY 2.5. tlie BUSINESS WILL BE OFFERED FOR SALE ]!V AUCTION. Cheapside. London, E.C, FEBRUARY 6 l.i 19 20 at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the whole of the above ex- tensive COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, without the least reserve. The Collection comprises about 20,000 ODONTOGLOSSU.M ALEXANDR.E, in various sizes, all unflowered, principally selected from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.'s importations of the broad-petalled Pacho varieties. 60OO ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII MAJUS, a numberotthem beinf very large masses in pans; also O. INSLEAYI. O. CI- TROSMUM, 1000 O. PESCATOREI. 300 O. HARRYANUM, O. ■VEXILLARIUM, O. GRANDE, and others ; 700 L.F.LIA ANCEPS, many of them immense plants, L. A. ALBA ; 600 EPIDENDRU>I VITELLINUM MAJUS, mostly in spike; 200 CCELOGYNE CRISTATA, together with a large quantity of OATTLEYAS MOSSLE, MENDELII, GIGAS, aud other varieties; ONCIDIUMS, &o. The Auctioneers desire to call special attention to this Sale. The plants are clean and well grown, and Gentlemen desirous of adding to their Collections, or Florists, for growing for Cut Flowers, will find the Sale an exceptional opportnntity for obtaining these favourite varieties of Orchids in large rjnan- tities at Auction Prices. The Plants will be on view the mornings of Sale. Catalogues of the first portion will shortly be published, and copies will be forwarded, free by post, on application to the Auclioneers, 67 aud 68, Cheapside. London. I^.C. Samp e Sale.— January 29. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NE.XT SALE by SAMPLE will take place at their Rooms as above, for which they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE of ENTRIES as EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Eltbam. ' Expiration of Lease. Further CLEARANCE SALE. Preliminary Notice. "i\/f ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are iVL Instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Nursery, Eltham, Kent, on THURSDAY, Februaiy 7, and two following days, a further portion of tlie unusually well- grown NURSERY STOCK.— Further particulars will appear. _ Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7852.J 6000 Grand Dulln ut LILIU.M AURATUM, and 1000 L. KRAMEIU. re...-ivc'd frr.ui Japan in the finest possible condition ; 5000 Pearl aud Other TUBEROSES from America; 1000 Tuberous-rooted BEGONIAS, from Ghent, 500 Choice named Dwarf ROSES, Pyramid, Dwarf-trained and Standard FRUIT TREES, in variety, to name; Home- grown LILIUMS. in variety, also 10,000 LILY OF I'lIF VALLEY, Crowns and Clumps; 1000 HYACINTH IS CANDIOANS, 800 HEMEROCALLIS, .300 LH.li'.M L(iM- GIELORUM. and other Roots from Holland; BORDER PLANTS, DUTCH IIULRS. tor present planting. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at bis Great RoomS, 33, King Street. Covent, W.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT. January 2:1, at hnlf- paat 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Important to Seedsmen. FOR SALE, one of the oldest SEED BUSINESSES in the North of England (established nearly a century). Situate in leading thoroughfare, adjacent to the Markets and piiocipal Railway Stations. Now doing an extensive trade. The above will be Sold Cheap to an immediate Purchaser, as the present owner is retiring from business. Apply. SEEDS, Messrs. Okell & Crosheld, Solicitors, 62, King Street, Manchester. Seed Business. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL (owing to the death of Proprietor), an Old established Retail SEED BUSINESS, in London, with high-class connection, including Leases of Premises, Stock, Fixtures. &c. Apply by letter in first instance to N. SHEKWOOD, Esq., 1.52. Houndsditch, E.C. To Market Gardeners. Florists. Nurserymen, itc. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES. FOR SALE, choice FREEHOLD LAND, in Acre Plots, suitable for above. Rich Garden Soil with gravel and sand sub-soil. The land iscoosidered by the Trade the finest near London for Grapes and all other Market Products. Apply, SECRETARY, Estates Investment and Villa Farm Company, Estate OiBce, Tangley Park, Hamptonon-Thamea. f''OR DISPOSAL, a Small NURSERY, S.W. District. Seven Houses and three Pita, all heated ; Sheds, Stable, and Six-roomed Cottage. Long lease. Small Stock, at valuation. Rent, £55. For further particulars apply to J. B., 4, Bedford Gardens, Campden Hill, Kensington, W. To Seedsmen. FOR SALE, the BUSINESS of a WHOLE- SALE SEEDSMAN in St. Alluns. Lease iibout fourteen years. Rent £60. Commodious Preiuisi-s. Stock, Fixtures, and Book Debts (£592) at valuation. Price for Lease and Goodwill, £100. Apply to Mr. F. C. GOODCHILD, 25, Old Jewry. E.G., Trustee in Bankruptcy. South of England. LARGE GARDEN, 20 Acres, with Twenty Greenhouses and Vineries. JE7U00 has been spent on the property. Seven years' lease. Two Cottages inclusive. £150 a year. ELDRIDGE, Portsmouth. O LET, NURSERY GROUaXDS and GREENHOUSES, &c., or PARTNERSHIP. Option of PlfRCHASE, PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Horticul- tural Makkf.t Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G., and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. SEEDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, SUPPLY VEGETABLE FLOWER SEEDS of the best quality at moderate prices. Free by Rail or Parcel-post. Desrriptive Priced LIST on application. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. TACHYS TUBERIFERA (The Chinese Artichoke). Price to the Trade on application to .TAMES CARTER, DUNNETT AND BEALE, 2.37 and 238, High Holborn. London, W.C. To the Trade. ONION SEED.—" Home Grown Seed." The past season's crop having been a failure, F. GEE is happy to say he has fine stocks of SUPERIOR BEDFORD- SHIRE GROWN yearling Seed. " of his own growing," -vvhicli he can highly recommend, and may be relied upon, whereas foreign Seed, ■which is being sold by many at a much cheaper rate, cannot be depended upon. The following kinds can be supplied for Cash : — GEE'S IMPROVED BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION, very select Stock, fine, large, globular Onion, has grown 16 to 20 tons per acre, 7*'. 6a. per lb. „ „ WHITE SPANISH and NUNE1L\M PARK, very fine Stocks, 7s. 6rf. per lb. Carriage or post free. Special Terms for large quantities. Catalogues ou appli- cation, Che([ues and Post-ollice Orders made payable to FREDERICK GEE, Seed Grower and Merchant, Riverford House. Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. SEED POTATOS. — Gentlemen's Garilenerg and others requiring a thorough change of Seed, will do well to send for estimate, statingsorts and fniantities rcqiiinnl, and save lio per cent. COOKING POTATOS.— A few tons of very choice Cooking Potatos for sale, cheap, by sack or ton. Sample grati.'^. BRINKWORTH ASD SONS. Growers. Reading. OOSEBERRIES.— Best Mark, d All nice clean, healthy, and wdl- rooted plants of the following varieties; — Warrington Ri"d. Whitesmiths" Crown Bob, &c., at 12*. thd. per MO, £11) perlOUU, For Ca.sh with Order; Sample Dozen, 2s. 6d. Packing free. — JOSHUA GREENACRE, Nurseryman, Seed&nian, and Florist, Stone Hills Nurseries, Dereham Road, Norwich. The Real White Elephant, or TMRROVED WHITE ELEPHANT X POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, hut has the great advantage of having a pure white skin. It is one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure pri/^e- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old aud new varieties in ronimcrco. Over 300 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing Hats for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Traiie. ■JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withinjj- ton, Hereford. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ''rO BE LET, 1 to 10 Acres of GRASS A LAND, suitable for Nurserymen and others, on Lease, for 7, U, or 21 years. Rent from £8 to £12 per Acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first seven yearM, No Tithe or Land-tax. Near the main load, Enfield Highway, iibout 9 miles from London. Apply, H. MOURE, m, Bishopsgate Street Within. E.C. ''I"^(_) LET on LEASE, as a goiii^ concern, a X compact NURSERY; 10,000 feet of ghi^-», well heiiteer cwt. EARLY ROSE, very fine, at ftO.*. jkt ton ; 4.f. Hrf. per cw(/ SCnOOL:MASTER (Turner's True), at 90.?. jwr ton; hs: per cwt. SUITON'S EARLY REGENT (True), at flOs. per ton ; :.•;. per cwt,, on rails, for cash. Sinks to hold 1 cwt., lirf. each ; do.. 2 cwt., slrincd, at 9//. eiuli ; do.. 2 cwt. 4 lb. sacks, ut l.i. each. Miuiy other kinds can be supplied. Special jirice CATA- H)(;i;e on application. Cheques and Post-olfico Orders madi- payable to FREDERICK GEE, Seed Grower nnd Merchant, Riverford House, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. pARTERS' VADE MECUM for 1880 V-^ is Now Ready, and has been posted to Messrs. CARTER'S fustomers. Price ONE SHILLING (post-free) to unknown Correspondents. It contains 7 elegant Coloured IlltistratiuiH. and will be found a most thorough Book of Reference by all who desire to cultivate successfully the choicest Vegetabh'3 nnd the prettiest Flowers. .TAMIiS CARTER and CO.. The Queen's Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, LW and S.'itf, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C, JANCART 19, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 67 QH (\l\(\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the OU^VUV finest Double and Single Varieties (some ol the floweK of wbuh beoome 10 inches ucross, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), tor climbing and bedding, from Us. to 24s. per do/eu, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into &t-inoh pots. 25. 6rf. each ; Beauty o( Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent tor bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s. Orf. ench. Descriptive LISTouappUcoliou.-RICHARD SMITH AND CO., NurserjTuen and Seed Merchanta. Worcester. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth, begs to oHer, in extra ipmlity. the following;— SEAKALE. for Forcing. Ss, per 100, 7■^^. per 1000. ,. tor riauliiig. 5s. [ler 100, lOs, per 1000. RHUliAKB. tor Forcing, 60s. per 100. K.\SPEERRIES (Fastolt). is. per 100, 60s. per 1000. VICl'ORIA PHTMS, Standards. Ihs. per 100. DAMSON (Farloigh). Standards, 75s. per 100. TEACHES, Dwarf-trained. ISs. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS. Golden, 2 to 4 feet, extra fine. 20s. to :!0s. per 100. WILLOWS. Weeping, S to 14 feet. Os. to 12s. |icr dozen. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, aud true to name. Price List ou application. FRANCIS R. KIXGHORN. Nurseryman, Riclimoud, Surrey. ILIUMS.— WILLLVM DENMAN offers fine Consigiiments of aviratums, Jaucifolium, album, and rubrum, Kraotzeri. Harrisi. &o. Also many tlioustiuds Spinva japonica. Hydrangea paniculatn graudiflora. Price per 100 or 1000 on application.— 7, Catherine Street. Covent Garden. \7 .C. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on appHcat ion. —RICHARD SMITH A>-D CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. P.EONY ARBOREA — P. SINENSIS.— The uniiine and very best selected collection in the world— .'WO varietie3 of P. arborea ; 350 of P. sinensis, including new, rare and very rare varieties ; also Japanese and Chinese sorts. Special Collections well selected for Amateurs. Ask for the Descriptive CATALOGUE of Prices, printed in English, to L. PAILLET. NurserjTuan. Chatenay (Seine), near Pans, France. Established 1827. KoxE.— Best season to plant P. sinensis. Augu^^t. September, and October, but Pteonies may be planted also up to April. ARCtE SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — Aucuba japonica, 1^ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2^ feet, 405. per lUO. Berberis aquifolia, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; Box tree. IJ to 3 feet, 12s. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 205. per 100. Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 3^ feet, 10s. per 100; Deutzia cre- iiata, tlore-pleno, strong, 4s. per dozen ; Escallonia macrantha (pot*), strong, 24*. per 100; Grislinia littoralis, IJ to 2 feet, :iSs. per 100; Honeysuckle (strong), $s. per 100; Irish Ivy, 4 feet, 6s. per 100 ; Laurel, common, IJ foot, 6s. per 100 ; 2 feet, \0s. per 100 : 3 to 4 feet. 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 1 to 1^ foot, 12s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet. 16s. per 100; 3 to 3^ feet, bushy, 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel, 1 to 1^ foot, Itis. per 100; 1^ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticura, 1 to 1| foot, 22s. per 100 ; \\ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet, 35s. per loo ; 3 feet, 50s. per 100 ; 4 to ^ feet, bushy. 80s. per 100, Abies Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. p^r 100 ; do., 6 feet, 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2^ feet, .30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3^ feet, 48s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 60s per dozen. Cnpres3U3 Lawsoniana, 2i feet, 20s. per 100; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta. 2 to '2\ feet, 40s. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, eitra fine, ISs. per dozen. C. erecta viridis, 1^ to 3 feet, 25$. per Hx) ; do., 2 to 2^ feet, 35s. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2* feet, extra, 40*. per loO. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inclieg, 25s. per 100; IJto 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra. 40s. per 100. R. squarrosa, \\ foot, bushy, 30s. per 100 ; Thuia Lobbii. 1^ to 2 feet. 12s. per 100; 2 to 3 feet, 24s. per 100 ; 4 feet. 50s. per 100 ; 6 feet, 1^. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2^ to 3 feet, 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot, 30s. per 100; IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per dozen ; 2| to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. HRYSANTHEMUMS.— 600 best sorts, true to name, strong Cuttings now ready. Is. 6rf. per doz. ,10s. per 100. Many of the best Prizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. For price of new sorts, see Catalogue (2 stamps), of WM. ETHERINGTON, Chrj-santhemum Grower, Swans- combe. Kent. Yucca gloriosa. GEORGE LEE, F.R.H.S., has some fine Plants of the above, many of which are strong blooming plants, spreading 4 or more feet each, fine for x>lanting in open spaces near Woodland Paths or Drives, at from Is. %d. to 5s. each. Clevedon, .January 12. ext-CtRowx fruit trees.— ThouMnds of Standard. Pj-ramid, Eu&h. and Espalier Fruit Trees, comprising most of the best sorts of Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries ; strong, healtby trees, with pood fibrous roots. 500 Kent COB NUTS, large bushes, 5 feet. 1000 Common LAUREL, 3 feet. 500 Silver BIRCH, 8 to 10 feet. 600 LABURNUMS, 7 to 9 feet. Price LISTS of above and General Nursery Stock post-free on application to EVES & DALTON, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Gravesend. The Beat Present for a Gardener. IN ES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s.. post-free 5s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswicfc. L E A R A N C E SALE 0^ SPRING FLOWERING BULBS. Hyacinths. Daffodils (Narcissi), Tulips, Crocus, Snowdrops, Winter Aconites, Chionodoxa, Scillas, Spanish Irises, early flowering Gladioli. Alliums. Star of Bethlehem. Alstreemerias, &c. All in splendid condition, at reduced prices. LIST free on application to BABE A>n> SON, 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Oardeo, W.C. V CANNELL'S PRIMULAS. First Prize again in Open Competition. It is now a settled question that our Primulas aro far the best; others will hardly hear niniijarisou. We not only defeated the greatest growers last year, so vast wrt3 the differ- ence, particularly in qualify, that the .Tudges, in addition to the First Prize, gave us Iho folIo\^i^g, we believe, unprece- dented and extraordinary Certificate : — " We hereby certify that this Certificate has been awarded to Messrs. Caunell & Sons tor an excellent representative col- lection of Primulas of high-class quality at the Exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum Socitty, held January 11, 1S88," Signed, RICHARD DEAN ( T,,,i„,.q GEORGE GORDON S ''""K'^- So decisive wita the effect, tliat this year at a similar show, we were left alone in the contest, aud for want of comparison, was only awarded the First Prize ; as additional proof, we have this season already received Six First-class Certificates; and in all, we have been awarded more First-class Certifi- cates for this family than all other growers put logether. The following are the best Standard Varieties :- SEEDS :- SWANLEY ULUK. IMPROVEMENT. WHITE PERFECTION. SWANLEY WHITE IMPROVED. PRINCESS OF WALKS. CANNELL'S WHITE. AURICULAFLORA. 2s. 6d. per Packet. SWANLEY, KENT. CARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."— We are sending out for the fourth season our true straiu of this the grandest White Carnation in cultivation, quite nardy, and for pot culture for cut bloom it has no equal. Robust and free bloomer. BV per mo. lis. for 50, 6s. for 25. good rooted layers. We have a fine stock of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, from Is. to 40s. each. Cash with Order. E. COLLINS AND SONS. Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. THE EARLIEST POTATO. SHARPE'S VICTOR. 6d. per Pound. Ready for lifting in eight or ten weeks after planting. 4 lbs. deUuered free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. To the Trade. VEGETABLE and AGRICULTirRAL SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL QUOTATIONS for all the best kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS grown this season from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices will be found advantageous to purchaser e. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ILIUM A U R A T U M.— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 25s. per Case ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Cases con- taining ICK) fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., Qs., 9s., 12s., and 18s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON. W.C. HRYSANTHEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe. By far the U->i collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyueux and C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America as the best Descriptive Catalogue. Price tyd. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Jledals and 20 First-class Certificates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.— R. OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. To the Trade. QUICKS or WHITE THORNS, about 2,000,000 to offer. Splendid strong fibrous rooted stuff can be supplied as follows, for cash on rails :— 2-yr.-old. 7s. per 1000- 3-yr.-old. grand stuff, principally 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, 10s. per 1000; 4 and 5-yr.-old, transplanted, 15s. and 20s. per 1000 ; picked for gap stopping. 30s. per 1000. PRI\TET, los., 20s.. 30s., and 40s. per 100. BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 feet, 40s. per 1000; OS. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Post-office Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE, Nurseryman, &c., Riverford House, Biggles- wade, Bedfordshire. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and ST7BS0RIPTIONS WILL BK THANKFULLY RECICIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, AV. ROSES! ROSES!! ROSES ! I !— The best and cheapest in the World. 40 choice Perpetuals for 2Is. Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter. RUE NATIVE SCOTS FIR.— 500,000 stout, extra rooted, Ij to2 feet, and 2 to 2J feet, cheap, to clear ground. T. MATHESON, Nurseries, Morpeth. T^^OREST TREES.— Surplus Oifer of really -L high-class stocks, and at special low prices, ALDER, Common, 1^ to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 6 feet, extra fine, at 10s., 12s. tirf., and 1.5s. per 1000, CHESTNUTS, Horse, 1^ to 2, 2 to 2^, and 2^ to 3 feet, extra fine, at 30s., 25s. and 30s. per lOOO. POPLAR, Black Italian, 2 to 4, and 3 to 5 feet, extra fine, at 15s. and 20s. per 1000. ,, Balsam. 2 to to 4, and 3 to 5 feet, extra fine, at 15.v. and 20s. per 1000. WILLOW, Goat, 2 to 4 feet, extra fine, at 17s. 'od. per 1000. SPRUCE, Norway, 6 to 12 inches, transplanted, at 5s. pei 1000. FIR, Native Scotch, 2-yr., 2-yr. transplanted, short, at 6s, per 1000; 1-yr., l-yr. transplanted, fine, at ys. per 1000; 2-yr. Seedlings, extra fine, at 2s. per 1000. If neces.sary, samples free, and sent carriage paid. General Nursery PRICE LIST, and Special Quotations for any other kinds of stocks. Distance no object ; send hugely to South of England. JOHN GRIGOR axd CO., Nurseries. Forres, N.B. To the Trade. HAND r. SHARPE'S Wholesale CATA- • LUGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1889 has been forwarded to their customers, if those who have not received it will kindly inform them another one shall be sent. Seed Growing Establishment. Wisbech. \A,'HOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for VV 1889. — We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all tlie best Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us Ijnow, when another sliall at once be posted. WATKINS AMI SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Mercliants, Exeter Street. Strand, London, W.C. ; Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltliam and T\Yickenliam, Middlesex. EGONIA SEED and TUBERS.— BOX'S varieties are the best, as testified by all purchasers. Bolli (luality and quantity. SEED from latest novelties of Singles, mixed colours, small pacliet^s, ^d. ; larger packets, is. and 2s. id. Collections, 4 separate colours. Is. 6rf. ; 8 ditto, 2s. 6rf. Of Doubles, small packets, lOrf. ; larger packets, Is. erf., 2s. 6d., and 5s. Collections, 4 separate colours, Is. 6rf. : 8 ditto, including white and yellow, 2s. (id. ; double orange, very extra 2,!. 6d. and 5s. per packet. TUBEKS, unnamed Singles, to colour superior to named sorts, 12 or more distinct colours, for pots, per dozen, 9s., 12s., 18s.. and 24s. per dozen ; for bed- ding, 40s. and 50s. per 100; mixed colours, 28s. per 100. I'n- named Doubles, very superior, 6 or more colours, per dozen, 24s 36s., 48s. ; mixed colours, 15s. ; choice, to name, from 24s. AlVpost-free. Full LIST on application. , „ , JOHN K. BOX (for 10 years .1. Laing 3 sole Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. . . . . SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 100 ; Abies Douglasii. l-yr., 4s. per 100 ; A. orientalis, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000 ; American Arbor-vitK, IJ foot, UOs. per 1000; Sweet Bay, l-yr., 30s per 1000 ; Scarlet Chestnut, l-yr., 6s. per 100 ; Cupressus macrocarpa, l-yr., 30s. per 1000; Lawsoni 13 inches. 60s. per 1000 ; erecta viridis, 4 inches, ;)0s. per 1000; do., 1 foot, 12s. per ioO; stricta, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 100; Allnmii, 1 toot, 14s per 100; Cedrus atlnntica. 1-vr., l-yr. transplanted, 10s. ner'lOO- C. Deodara, l-yr.. 7s. per 100 ; Escallonia macrantha, pots, 111-, per 100; Laurel (common), 2-yr., 20s. per 1000 ; Por- tugal Laurel, l-yr. transplanted. 20,J. per 1000 ; Cokhic Laurel, 1-vr 2.5s nerlOOO; Laurel rotundifolia, l-yr., 2.-)S. per 1000; Limes, l-yr. transplanted, 16s. per 1000 ; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr.. extra, 16s. per 1000 ; P. insignis, l-yr., 3s. 6i. per 100 ; P- e'celsa. 1 vr 4s ner 100; P. Nordmanniana, l-yr., 30s. per 1000; P. letfrevii' l-vr.. 8s. per 100 ; P. Mastcrsiana, l-yr., 10s. per 100- P Stroius, 2-yr., 2s. per 100; Oak, Evergreen, l-yr 30s. pcr'lOOO; Scarlet Oak, l-yr., 3s. per 100; Privet ova , folium «to9 inches 10s. per 1000; Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches 10s per 100; R. squarrosa, 8 to 9 inches, 8s. per 100; do 1 foot '12! per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 8 to 10 inches, 30s. per 1000 ; do.,'l5 inches, 45s. per 1000 : T. dolobrata, 8 to 9 i"clies, 90s ner 1000- do., 10 inches, fine, 12s. per 100. T. Ell- nanneriana, 6 to 8 inches, 6s. per 100; Veronica Traveraii, 6 to r inches line, 6s. per 100; English Yew, l-yr., l-yr trans- planted, 20s. per 1000 ; do., 8 to 10 inches, 7s. per 100. Irish Yew, 6 to 9 inches, 10s. per 100. GAKLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. 68 THE GARDENEliS' CHRONICLE. [January lll,_l«39. giiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiDiiiuimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiimiiB j PLANTING SEASON. I i HARDILY-GROWN I I^OREST, ^RUIT,| = i. ALL OTHER S I TREES X PLANTS, | I Evergreens, Roses, &c,i I NURSERIES 400 Ac5rES. | ^Largest & Finest Stocks in Europe. % S INSPECTION EARNESTLY INVITED. = I Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. I H Estimates & all Particulars on Application. = = (LliriTED). = i Tlie Kiirsei'ies, I I "^-i|*;-» ^;;il«"■' I Dicksons Chester. I 0iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiuiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiri)a It is a settled quasiion that our seeds (iOO acres), owing to our sunny position, warmer and better soil, are a lot the best, the difference between them and those grown farther north, bought and sold half-a-dozen times by those who never grow a grain, is immense. Have them direct from us, the Aci'UAL GHOWFR.S, at nearly wholesale prices, effecting a great saving. Numerous First-class Certificates the last ijuarter of a century stamp ours the V)est strains. All Seed--* Cairiiige Free except heavy kinds. Send for ours, the best Illustrated Catalogue ever issued. From Mr. R. R, Oswald, C/iapet Street. Jiirkenheod, Febrmiri/. 10, 138)S. " Your seeds are the best I ever grew. I took eleven First Prizes Willi them last year." SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS, SWANLET. KENT. HENDER'S PETUNIAS ARE TBI: BEST. Seed saved from finest large stripetl flowers, carefully hybridised. Hubits very dwarf. Very floriferous. HEXDER'S SINGLE STRIPED. Is. and 2s. per packet. MENDERS DOUBLE FRINGED, Is. 6d. and 3s. per pkt. Supplied in sealed packets only. Printed in gold. HENDER'S VEGETABLE SEEDS (Best Quality) —Peas, irom ad.; Beans, bd, per quart; Eroc oli, 9(/. per ounce; Cabbage, itl. ; Carrot, 3rf. ; Lettuce, 6t/. ; O ions, id. ; Radish, '2d. per oimce. Render's Select Seed List Post-free. HENDEB & SONS, Plymouth. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of finest named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an unusual sacrifice, growing on land sold to a s,*eulator who i.^i Cutting up the Estate. These plants (under pressure to give possession) are offered at a loss of 50 to 75 per cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE. Bagshot. SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAREFULLY SELECTED, AND FRO.M WHICH MAY BK TXPFCTFIi THE BEST RESULTS KVICR VKT ATTAINKD. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Coutuwiing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. To the Trade-Now Ready. CARTERS' SELECT LIST of SUPERB VEGETABLE and FLORAL NOVELTIES. It is hand- somely Illustrated with Seven bL'.iutifully coloured Plates. Gratis and Poat-free to Customers. JAMES CARTER. DUNNETT, AND BEALE, 237 aud 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. SPARAGUS ROOTS in^ciUy Isles.— 12,000 strong, for forcing, .'iO.'!. per 1000, — Samples to be seen or obtained at BARR and SON, 12, King St., CoveutGarden, W.C. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED P0TAT03 has been sent out. It comprises all the finest varieties in cultivation, including several novelties. The quality is very fine, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wisbech. PRIMULA OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet. Gd. and 1*. Large Trade packets, 2s. 6d., OS., iOs. iad., aud 2l5. each. Primrose. Old Double Crim- son Pompadour: see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct., 1888, and also Hartland's " Year Book " of Seeds for 1889. Magnifi- cent plants, 1.^'!. per dozen. Is. 6d. each. Heliantlius plenus, new double quilted or Hartland's " Soleil d'Or." a new plant to English gardens, the fiowers very double, more orange in tone than yellow, and quilled after the manner of a Cactus-Dahlia. As a perpetual blooming plant has few equals, plants in size resembling Clumps of Lily of the Valley, 2s. erf.each, post-free. See Hartland's " Year Book" of Rare Seeds for 1889. Post-free. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, F.R..H.S., Cork. 1AA ALPINE and HERBACEOUS XVV PLANTS. 25s. Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting information). Post-free, 9d. STANSFIELD BROS., Southport. CHEAPEST IN THE TRADE.— Lilies of the Valley from Norfolk, fine Berlin Crowns for Forcing, bs. per 100, 405. per 1000 ; Azalea indica, in ."S} to 7-inch pots, well budded, to name, 21s. per do/. \ Camellias, in h^ to 7-inch pots, well budded to name. 21s. per doz. For Cash with Order, package free, — J. J. KIDD, Chase Nursery, Lynn, Norfolk. W GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 buahel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILIUM AURATUM. Imported Bulbs, 4rf.. 6d., U., Is., each; 20s., 30s., 50s., 60s. per 100. Home-grown bulbs, 9£f., Is,, Is. 6rf., 2s. each. Special Trade quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES. SUver Banksian Medal. TREE PJEONIES, 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First>clas3 Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. TREES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CAT.^LOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. /^IJO T r^OT^MT THE LARGEST AND OLDEST v->nr\i i-ivyrvCiixZi] german seed house, erfurt. Ail Fl -u'vi' and t'tyetab/e Seeih are nipplieil Po-'t-free, nnd arrive trtt/nn 10 dm/s after nceipt o/ Ordtr. N O W R F. A 1) Y, Before you Order tbe Eugllsh Edition of vuuh JjORENZ'S *^^SSH^M> seeds for the spring, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS and POST-FREE. on application. Postage for Letters to Germany, 2^d. Post Cards, Id. READ THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of tbe Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other firm. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress of Germany. H.M. the Kinp of Saxonv. H.AI. the King of Bavaria, H.M. the King of the Netherlands. H.M. the King of Rouniauia. H.M. the King of Serbia, H.R.H. the Grand Iluke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Auhalt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS {Bi/ Royal Jiarra7it Nurserymen ami Seedsmen to the Queen) BEG TO ISTIMATR THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE miCED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, &c., for 1889, /s nojo ready, and may be had Free on application. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Methven's Choice Strain). White, Purple, Scarlet, Crim«ou, aud Snow-wliite, Wall-Ieaved. In Packets, Is., 2.*. 6rf., and 5j. each colour. SEED WAREHOUSES : — 15, PRINCES STREET, & NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. Jaxcary I'J, 1S6'J.] THE GAliDENEIiS' CHliONICLE. 69 CANNELL'S NEW FLORAL AND VEGETABLE GUIDES, 1889. Everlasting Dividends 1 Mow IT IS Ol H SkKPS REQUIHE No Tl>TlN(i. How TO l>ui Lam> Properi-v. How TO Tkkncii Land Properit. H*nv lo Havk Sweet Vegetables. How TO Kill Iksects. How TO Make Seeds Grow. How TO Make Trees Grow. How ro Have Flowers Perfect. How 10 GHuW BEiiONlAS TO PERFECTION ASP GET FlR.ST Pkizk. How liAKDENEKS \VE RECOMMEND SUCCEED. How We Send Seeds and Plants which Gain the First Prizes all over the World. How We Sell Real Manure, and its Wondrous Effects. How IT IS Our Seeds are the Best and Cheapest. How IT IS We Have the Best Ripened Seeds. How to Plant Trees. How TO Have Good Annuals. How TO Plant Vegetablks. How TO Make Stkawbekrif^ Profitable. How TO Have the Best Flowers. How to Make Rooted Cuttings Grow. How to Have Good Seeds. How to Grow Primulas "J How to Grow Calceolarias ( PFwir-vrTinv How to Grow Cyclamen ( ^^ if.rfection. How to Grow Cinerarias ,' How TO Have the Garden Nice and Profitable. The above is the most important Book (Ciitalogiie) ever issued. BDil must prove of Quarter Page (once) ... 17s. RIO ) 5perCeot. off Half , £1 8^'. R17(-for each additional Whole £2 Os. R24 ) insertion @° For long contracts special reductions. Communications respecting Advertisements and Subscription* for the " Tropical Agriculturist " may be addressed ta A. M. AND J. FEEGUSON. Colombo. J. HADDON AND CO., 3, Bouverie Street, London, E.G.. G. STREET AND CO., 30, Comhill. London, E.C. Or Ag-iOts in all parts of the World. 70 THE GABDENUBS' CHRONICLE. [Jantjaby 19, 1889. WEBBS NEW MELON: BEAUTY OF WORDSLEY. A cross between William Tillery and Colston Bassett, and we have every conf-dence in recommending it as one of the finest green-fleshed Melons in cultivation. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d., post-free. From Mr. E. Merrick, Gardener to R. A. Cockburn, Esq., Fetcham Lodge. *'"your new Melon 'Beauty of Wordsley ' is a very desirable variety. I grew it along with six other kinds. and found it to be the best. It is a sure setter, of very superior flavour, and th;i mo'it handsome Melon Ipver saw." WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Band)f,:lhj niustrritnl. Post /reels. Grntislo Crstnnicrs. ^EBB&SONSWDSLEV'STOURBRIPGI LITTLE ^'BALLANTYNE, NURSEKYMEN AND SEEDSJLEN TO THE QUEEN, AND H.E.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES CARLISLE, Have the pleasure to announce that their Descriptive SEED CATALOGUE for 18S9 is now published, and will be posted free to any address, on application. It contains : — VEGETABLE SEEDS— of superior and selected .stocks. FLOWER SEEDS— from Prize Strains. SEED POTATOS— pppcially grown for sf'd on nrw lau.!. Collections of the above from Bs. to £5 Ss. EVERY REQUIREMENT FOR THE GARDEN. All Orders over 6s. Carriage Paid. The best value in Garden Seeds i.s obtainaMe liy purchasing CHARLES SHARPE & GO.'S COLLECTIONS OF GARDEN SEEDS. 10s. 6d., 16b., 218., 30b., 42s., 63s. each. Package and Delivery Free. }yrite/or Descriptive Cataloffne to CHARLES SHARPE & SEED MERCHANTS. SLEAFOBD. CO., CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (l5. extra vjer bushel for package), or 6rf. per cake ; free by parcel post, 1«. None genuine unless in sealed pack- if^eH and yirjnted cultural directions 'ficlosed, with oureignature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON. NurseryTnen and Seed Merchanta, Higbgate NurserieB, N. THE DANIELS IS THE COMING POTATO, A cross between the AVhite Elephant and the Magnum Bonuni, having the unexcelled qualities of both. Ready to lift same time as the White Elephant. An immense Cropper and of splendid Table Quality. Price, per Peck, 3s. 6d., per Bush., 18s. 6d. THE DANIELS WON THE SILVER CUP. From Mr. W. Bhock-well, Chnthiim, February Vith. " I forward you my list with cheque which I had the honour of winning with your Seed rotates, also winning the SILVER CUP with your DANIELS POTATO, and I don't know, in all my experience, that I ever grew a better kind. They are an excellent cropper and a good keeper, and I can't put them out of their place for cooking purposes." From the " Gardeners' Chronicle," September Ist. " THE DANIELS POTATO. — A few weeks ago yon kindly made mention of a Potato called DANIELS, and how well the variety looked when growing, giving great promise. AVe had a small local exhibition here the other week, and I was tempted to dig up my DANIELS. They exceeded my expectations. I staged two dishes, and was awarded two Prizes, in a strong .compe- tition with different varieties in both classes. A friend of mine was present when I took np two roots to be weighed, on one of which we found twenty-one Potatos, and twenty on the other. ( )n weighing the best root it was found to turn the scale at 6 lb., all good, sound tubers, clean and free from scab. After exhibiting at Keigh- ley they were put to the test of being cooked for the table, and were found to lie all that could be desired. ¥. G. Epwoetii." A CHANCE OF SEED ALWAYS PAYS. Before ordering your supply send for DANIELS' ILLUSTRATED POTATO CATALOGUE Containing valuable hints on Potato Culture. Nearly :iOO Sorts in stock, iucludinj; Latest NavL-ltie?, (Iratis and Post-free to all Apjtlicrnits. DANIELS BROS. SEED GROWERS, NORWICH. Palms, Healthy, In Quantity. WICETON, Putney, S.A\'., has a very fine • stock of tlic above to offer in ail si/.es ; also a few fine extra large fruiting PEACH TREES. &c. 1^9 and 130, Flower Market Covcnt Garden, W.C. TREES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, tree on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserjinen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. (( MANCHESTER" SEEDS. FOR THE CARDEN AND THE FARM. Unsurpassed for Quality. Ptirily, and (iiTnjinaf ion. CARRIAGE PAID. DeBcriptive Priced Catalogue post-free. DICKSON & ROBINSON, SEED MEIiLHANTS jiM' M l^SKKl .MKN. 13, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER. THE EARLIEST PEA IS t^J CARTERS' LIGHTNING "The Earliest Pea in the R.H.S. Chiswick Trials." " Carters' Lightning was First by Seven Days." — Journal of Horticulture, December 13,1888. Price in Sealed lackets, 2s. 6d. per Pint ; Post-free, 23. 9d. A DEAUTIFULLV ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (»f tins and othtT StL-rlinji NovtOtit.s. containing SEVEN COLOURED PLATES Trice iit?. ; Gratis to Custonurs. ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANTS. 237&238,HICHH0LB0RN, LONDON. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Tree.t, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Umite.Q. ANTHONY WATERER IKVITi:S AN INSPECTION FROM INTENDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted wit/tin wo years: — ACACIA EESSONUNA, 12 to 11 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- RENS, 12 to 11 feet; ACER DASYCARHUM. 12 to 16 feet; A. DASYC^UIVU.M WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to II feet : A. NEGUNDO VAREEGATA, Standards, S to 10 feet; A. LEO- rOLlUI. 12 to Mfeet; A. REITENRACHn, 12 to 11 feet ; A. SCIIWEDLERII. 12 to 111 feet; A. WORLEYII, Stiud.ir.ls. 12 loll feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 11 feet. BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple, Pyramids and Stiunlards, 10 to HI feet. UmcH, Silver, 12 to K. feet. CHESTNUT, Horse, 1 1 to Hi feet. Double White, 10 to 10 feet; Scarlet, 12 to 16 feet; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet ; Silrer-leared, 10 to U feet;. LIlOUIDAMBAl!, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK. English, 10 to M feet; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA. 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, S to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standiirds, 8 to 12 feel; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS. Weeping. Pyrnmids and Standards. 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Wueping, Pyramids, S to 10 feet. OAK. Weeping. English, Stnudards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR, Weeping, Pyramids, and Slandar.ls, 10 to 12 feel. SOPHORA .lAPONtCA PENUIILA. Stiindanls. 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplnnted Fruit Troea. Rosfs, Hardy Climbers. Rhododendrons, C'onifer.'i, Ornnmental and Flower- ing Trees iind Shrubs, Forest Trpos. &c.. in Inrf^e viirietieH and quantities, adapted to all soils and eliniales. Sent free on application to GEO. .TACKMAN and SON, Wolung Nursery, Surrey. OBERT NKAL, The Nurseries, Trinity ' Road, Wiinds'ivorth. S.W., beg5 to call the attoulion of Gentlemen and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST ^md OKNAMENT.\L TREES. :iUo FRUIT TREES, SHKUHS. ROSES, and CLIMBrNO PLANTS. &i'.. whieli are in fine condition for transplanting, and bfing grown nrar U)niion, ure cspeiiiiUy adapted for Town nnil SulmrUiii I'lunt- ing. Also exlra-tino SEAKALE, and RHUBARB for Forcing. All aooda delivered free by own vana 'within a radius of 6 milefl. CATALOGUES free on appllcdtion, and n personal inspection of the stock solicited. jANrART 19, 1889.] THE GABDENEIiS' CHRONICLE. 71 SEED POTATOS. The Best New Veiriefies. 1889. SUTTON'S NONSUCH. A heavy cropping mid-season Potato of flrst- class quality, and exceedingly free from disease ; cooks well until quite late in the Season. Per 7 lb., 3s. 6d. : per 14 lb., 6b. " Crop immonse ; fmc tuber3, resembling ' E^irly Rogeut,' I'lciiu unit regiilnr in size. No disesso. Himlrn short nud strong. The best Potato I have grown this sciison. Quality evi'rythinst^lesired." — Mr, J. TEUG, The Giinlena. Bearwood. SUTTON'S MATCHLESS. An excellent Potato for the general crop, and keeps well for winter use. The tubers are pro- duced In great abundance, very free from disease ; flesh white, and of superb quality when cooked. Per 7 lb., 3s. 6d. ; per 14 lb.. 6s. "The heaviest erop of all the kiuds I had this, or perhaps any other year : the tubers ^vere very fijie, and I think it will prove a most useful market Potato ; quite free from disease, elear, and without a speck of any sort. When cooki'd it was pronounced to be really good." — Mr. C. ILOrr, The Gardens, Wokefield. SUTTON'SSEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROMSUTTONSSONS, READING. Cird'Ti value 20.?. carriaoc fr. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, without s».'eiug it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. Beautiful Spring Flowers obtained by planting BARR'S BEAUTIFUL DAFFODILS in Shrubbery Borders, Woods, Meadows, &e. BEAUTIFUL MIXTUKE, 21s. per 1000, 5000 for 84s. For massing in Borders, Naturalising in Woods, &c. BARB'S Beautiful Blue CHIONODOXA LUCILLE, C. SAB- DENSIS, SCILLA BIFOLIA, and ELWES' GIANT SNOWDROP, in mixture, 25s. per lOOO; or 5000 for £b is. BABB & SON, IS and 13, King Street, CO\-ENT GARDEN, W.C. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. M of finest quality. Frices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Bail or Parcel Posf, Dlastrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 353, POST FUEE ON APPLICATION. I Limited I The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, CliesteK*. -ABBESS rOB ,. J)jj,j5^^j,^ (Jljgjjgj,^ Letters & Telegrams VEITCH'S NEW POPPIES ar.' most lioautifiil ami liosirable nciiuiaitions, anj slionUl l>o prown in all gurilen'^. POPPY, THE SHIRLEY. Exceedingly graceful and elegant large flowers, of most beautiful shades of colour, ranf^ing from blush white to bright crimson. I'er Pircket, Is. PAPAVER (Iceland Poppies). ,. ,(. NUDICAULE, beautiful elear yellow, per pkt. 0 6 „ ALBUIVI, pure wiiite 10 „ MINIATUM, brilliant orange-scarlet 10 t|f° For full descriptions of the above and other Choice Novelties, see SEED CATALOGUE far 1889, forwarded Post-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, 8,W, ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60«. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction, ROSES IN POTS; »11 the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18». to S6», per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER, THE FINEST BLUE IVIARROW PEA. SHARPE'S QUEEN. 2s. 6d. per Pint, Is. 6d. per Half-pint. Sealed Packet, Post-free. THE HEAVIEST CROPPING VARIETY. THE FINEST POD. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. THE FINEST IN EVERY WAY. CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES ON APPZICATIOX. NEW EDITION, Corrected up to Date, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Prire .Srf., Pn.'^f-free Ud. W. RICHAMDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strnna London, W.C. Now ready, in cloth, lis. 60. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. RICHARDS, 41, WellinRton Street, Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 19, 1889. EARLY ENGLISH GAEDENING, LAND TENURE. A MID the numerous and interesting phases -^^ of early English gardening, there is perhaps none more important than the subject of archaic land tenure. Although, as we have already pointed out, gardening only existed in a most primitive state until the dying years of the sixteenth century, there are various conditions and circumstances which led up to the ultimate consummafion of a great factor in the social life of Englishmen. Laud-tenure is a point in question. In the earlier stages of civilisation the energy of mankind had a distinctly centri- petal force, a conservation of utility for a given area. The welfare of a small community, such as a village, was in the first place, sought after, rather than the advantage of the greatest number ; and, in the second, one country observed the same principle in regard to another. It is to this cause that we owe certain highly interesting but now unworkable and, for the most part, obsolete rules and regulations in respect to land tenure. The right of pre-emption in the village com- munities of India and Germany, for example, strikingly illustrates the jealousy with which strangers were regarded. In the former place the land was not individual but common pro- perty, and therefore one man could not, with- out the consent of the others, sell to a stranger whom they probably would not choose to admit into their society (Sir G. Campbell's Modern India, p. 94j. In Germany the same principle held good with even greater vigour. Von JIaurer {Dorfoerfassung, i., 316 and 320) shows that a villager's homestead, his cattle, his fruit, grain, or all village produce, before being offered to .strangers, had first to be offered to individual communists or to the commune itself. The samp authority points ou' that traces of the old law are found in France, and even now in THE GAUD ENER S' CHR ONI CL E. [JANTAnv 19, 1889. (xermauy. According to the Customary of Bayonne, the communists (voisins) had a right of pre-emption over strangers (" le voi- in et habitant de la dite ville est prefer^ a testranger acheteur "). And Ilallam also speaks of the " retrait lignayer of the French law, which gave to the relations of the vendor a pre-emption upon the sale of any fief, and a right of subsequent redemption " (Middle Ages, chap, ii., part 1). A still more valuable fact is that pointed out uy Professor Stubbs, to the effect that a survival of the right is still to be found in England, for the right of the markmen to determine whether a new settler should be admitted to the towsnhip exists in the form of admitting a tenant at the Court-baron and Customary Court of every manor. The Evolutio.v of Allotment Gabdens. The foregoing facts have a direct bearing upon our subject of early English horticulture, inas- much as they relate to institutions of which allot- ment gardens are the direct outcome. The only difference appears to be in the different com- modities grown : the vegetable produce of to-day was represented in remote ages by agricultural plants, such as corn, and also a few herbs, with, no doubt, an occasional fruit tree or two. The motives — viz., individual improvement and benefit — were the same. Sir Henry Maine has, in his Village Commu- ni'ies, thrown much light upon archaic customs and laws. He makes some interesting references to the peculiar custom of Burgh, of Lauder, which has been described as the most archaic in form and the most complete in detail that is to be found. There are, it seems, 105 separate portions of land called Burgess Acres in the burgh of Lauder, and these vary from I3 — Si acres. To each such acre there is a separate progress of writs, and these " Acres are the private and absolute property of indi- viduals." No one has hitherto been ad- mitted a burgess of the burgh who has not been an owner of one of these Burgess Acres. But the curious circumstances about these allot- ments are the rules under which they were cultivated. The conditions are — compliance with a system of cultivation prescribed by the Town Council, and payment of a small assessment generally just sufficient to reimburse the burgh for expenses laid out in making drains, roads, &c., to enhance the value of the land for culti- vation. These allotments have been called " hill parts," and the average worth is £1 per annum. There are several other points in con- nection with the land tenure, to which we should like to have alluded if space permitted. Like all social communities, observes Mr. Gomme {Ayiti- quary, iv., 102), " the primitive village gave wav during the progress of its people towards nation- ality and empire. It gave way in England, and we had feudal lords and manorial tenants. It gave way in Ireland, and the people are now thinking tradi- tionally of times when they, as well as their lords, had rights in the village lands. It has given way everywhere, and rightly so, under the laws which political economy has enunciated in the shape of the highest culture being required on lands absolutely owned by capitalists and tilled by farmers. But in one portion of the history of the development of communal land-holding into personal land-holding we have e\'idence that the outcry against the new laws of absolute owner- ship resulted in a compromise with periodical redistribution." The New Statistical Account of Scotland affords us one or two remarkable examples as to " how private land-holding has come about, how allotments of land from the village community — first yearly — soon became extended over a number of years until, in the progress of time, the original allotment became private property, and the communities who had granted this away had dwindled down into manorial courts and parish vestries." In addition to the authorities which we have enumerated, the appearance of Mr. Frederic Seebohm's work on the English Village Commu- nity, in 1883, threw a considerable amount of new light on the subject of archaic land tenure in England. Whilst Professor Freeman con- tends that all Roman Britain and most of Celtic Britain was swept away by the invading Teuton, and Mr Coote argues that the later Teutonic customs were the work of the Romans, Mr. Seebohm goes to the very root of the subject, — i.e., to the development of land tenure — for certain inferences. He looks, for example, upon the open field system in England as the result of a servile tenure, and not as a free holding of a free villager. But even in modern times there have been numerous examples of tenure by lot. " If tenants hold land within modern times so thoroughly in common as to divide them periodically by lot, surely there is freedom enough here — there is no lord to impose his imperious will, no setting-out of close boundaries by a lawyer's means, but a meeting of villagers in the lands they call their own, and an equal division, according to their tenements, of the plots which once must have belonged to a typical village community " {Antiquary, viii., 206). In Somersetshire there are two large pieces of common land called East and West Dolenloors, which are divided into single acres, each bearing a peculiar and different mark cut in the turf ; one of these is a horn ; others are, four oxen and a mare, two oxen and a mare, a poleaxe, a cross, a dung-fork, an oven, a duck's nest, a hand-reel, and a hare's tail. About midsummer of every year these lots are " raffled," and each particular portion is taken over by one individual for the ensuing year. Archaeological research affords several examples of this singular phase of allot- ment gardening. And so it will be seen from the foregoing brief and imperfect glance at a wide and by no means homogenous subject that gardening, in a certain sense, existed in times of which history has no record. Rather, perhaps, we should say, that at that time the slender root had taken a firm hold, to expand into a gigantic industry only after centuries had come and gone. The link between the small tenant of pre-histoiic England and the cottage-gardener of to-day is substantially continuous. As we have just said, the principle is entirely the same, even if the conditions under which that principle be carried out are as completely altered as is possible in the nature of things. W. Roberts. New or Noteworthy Plants. CYFKIPEDIUM PITCHERIANUiM,^ n. ki^b., Angl. See fig. 10, p. 73. Whatever may be the reader's opinion about Cypripedic hybrids in general, this, at all events, is a surprisingly gorgeous flower, not only excellent in colour, but also in its uncommon size. I had it from Mr. F. Sander, who states that it is a cross between Cypripediura Harrisianum superbum and C. Spicerianum, and that it was raised by Norman C. Cookson, Esq. The leaves have the shape of those of Cypripedium Harrisianum, but they appear to be shorter as a rule, light green on both sides, and * Cypripedium Pitcbcrinnum. of W. A. Manda, is referred in Veitch'a recently publislied monoRnph, to C. Argua. ED. above there are those dark green broken hieroglyphic markings which are usual in the venustura group. The peduncle is strong and stiff, slightly hairy, indian-purple in colour. The spathaceous ancipitous acute bract with some dark lines and numerous dark spots, are half the length of the reddish ovary. The perigone Itself does full honour to the parents : it is equal in size to that of the biggest Cypri- pedium Spicerianum. The upper rounded apiculate sepal is differently coloured on the inside and on the outside, although the mid-line is indian-purple on both sides. Inside it has white borders and a white zone descending from the apex toward the inside of the median line, the heritage of Cypripedium Spicerianum. There are some green nerves passing from the base towards the middle, and which are partly covered by dense indian-purple spots and lines. A large area on each side is sutfused with a kind of purple. The outside is very easily described. It has three transverse zones; an apicular white one, a median purple~the widest of the three, and a basilar green one. This is quite novel. The lower sepals are of course, connate, as they are elliptical acute ; shorter than the lip, light green. The oblong, blunt, ciliate petals are divided by an indian-purple mid-line into an upper light purple-brown portion, only greenish at the very base, and an inferior light green portion. Numerous lines, consisting of indian-purple spots, extend from the middle to the base. The lip itself has a very blunt sac, and its anterior, prominent part is not very deep blunt horned (angled), apiculate in the middle, reddish-brown with a yellowish inferior part. The staminode has two blunt, divaricate shanks, with an obliterate apiculus in the sinus, a green gibbosity in front in the centre, with a few green, radiating lines, and the sides suffused with brownish- purple. This very valuable novelty is dedicated to one of the most zealous Cypripedists of both hemispheres, Mr. Pitcher, Shorthill, New Jersey, U.S.A. We may compare two recently named plants {Gardeners' Chronicle, October 13, 18S8, p. 407). They are said to be descendants of Cypripedium Harrisianum and Spicerianum. Cypripedium Sava- geanum, is stated to have the dorsal sepal of the iiower in form much as in Cypripedium Harrisianum. We do not recognise the second SeegerianumX, as not the least description is given. " The opposite cross resulted in C. Seegerianum, in which, in the resemblance to the parents, the features are the opposite to C. Savageanum." Such a statement is of no use at all. H. G. Bchb.f. [Our illustration, fig. 10, is from the pencil of Mr. Weathers. Ed.] SCHOMBURGKIA LePIDISSIMA, «. ?p* This comes very near to the stately Schomburgkia chionodora var. Kimballiana, which I received from Messrs. Kimball and Mr. Godseft'. It is an impor- tation of Mr. F. Sander, and has just flowered in Mr. Charles Dorman's celebrated collection at the Firs, Lawrie Park, Sydenham, under the manage- ment of Mr. White, who communicates the following good remarks:— " The bulbs are very strong, about IG inches in length, and 6 inches in circumference lit the base, with two broad green leaves on the top of each bulb. The bulbs are yellowish ; in fact, the plant is exactly the same as Schomburgkia tibiciuis. The flower-stem is 3 feet (3 inches long. The main stem has eight flowers, while two branchlets have three and four flowers. The flowers appear to me to be the same as those of Lajliopsis domingensis." The marks of distinction from S. chionodora Kimballiana and the type itself are the broad-based, not uuguiculate petals, the nearly entire lip, much more wavy in front, the less distinct keels. The * Schomburgkia lepidissima, n. frp. — Aff. Schomburgkin* tibicinis, florum tela bene teueriori. sepalis tepahsque obtusis minute imduKitig obtongo-trianRiilis; sepalis obtuse acutis; labfUo ambit u oblongo, lev'ihsime trilobo, lobis late- ralibusansuluti^i uou coaspicui^, lobo antlco obloogo retusius- culo nunc emarginato, deotieulato, undulato. carinis paralleli- bus quinis obscuris. Blotia lopidist*iraa Eobb. f. Imp. eic. Sander. Col. in torto celeborrimo Dormaniana exc. W. Whit«. H. G.Echb./. Jakpahv m, l889.j TUB GAUDENERS' CffliOJSflCLE. n flowers are smaller, ami tlie culuurs iiro distiiiet. Uur plant has the curious pedicels rosy, and the ovaries preen, The sepals and petals ai-e rosy- purple, liguhUe, blunt-acute, The lip is jiallid, \vIiitish-rose on the upper pait, rose-purple on the anterior wavy jiart. There are five ratiier obscure their not iioweriug, Tuor things ! how could they do so from miserable tiny scraps? H. G. RcMi.f, C.vrAsKTt'si ciAi.ERrruM (lichb. f.) I'Acnviii.ossuM, ;', var. Ah, those Cataseta! lleie is one tluit quite Fig, lu, — cvpEiPEDicM pitcberianum : htbeid. yellowish-white keels on the disc. The side lobes are very obscure, and there are very few sinuses before them. The column is trifid at the top, white, rosy at the back, and covered with numerous dark purple spots under the fovea and around the superior part. It is a very stately plant. It is quite a pleasure to see such a one nowadays. Major Lendy and several other orchidists have these superb Orchids in flower, which had fallen into disgrace for agrees with Cataaetum galeritum, except that the anterior lobe of the lip instead of being triangular is nearly square, exceedingly thick, and obtuse-angled, with very thick borders underneath, which leave a groove in the middle. Excepting this it is quite the same as the type in flowers. I learn that the bulb is only 2.^ inches high. It was kindly sent to me by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., II. P., President of the Royal Horticultural Society. H. G. RoKb.f, HAMPTON COURT GARDENS. CCoittimicd from p, 738, vol. io.) In 15'J2 Fietlerick, Duke of Wurteraburg, visited tlie paluce aud gardens and lie lias left a brief de- scriptiou of what he saw there in his diary, wiiich is still preserved. "The place," he says, "comprises teu dillereut large courts and as many separate royal and princely residences, but all coimected ; together with many beautiful gardens, both for pleasure and ornanient^some planted with nothing but Jtosemary, others laid out with various otiier plants, which are trained, intertwined, aud trained, in so wonderful a manner and in such extraordinary shapes that the like could not easily be fuund." lie also speaks of the fountain in the fountain court as " splendid, high, and beautiful, with a waterwork by which you can, if you like, make water play upon the ladies and others who are standing by, and give them a thorough wetting.'* Wix years after the Duke's visit, llentzner visited the gardens, and he has given us a passing glance at them in his Travtls.]' Having gone over the I'alace buildings and seen all that was to be seen in the Palace, he visits the gardens. " Afterwards," he says, " we were led into the gardens, which were most pleasant ; here we saw Kosemary so planted and nailed to the walls as to cover them entirely, which is a method exceeding common in England." From the end of the sixteenth century, on to the middle of the seventeenth, we learn very little about the gardens from contemporary records. The fol- lowing few facts relating to the gardens during this period, however, have been gleaned. The State Papers tell us J that, in 1604, a grant with survivoi'ship was made to " William llogan, Anne his wife, aud Charles their child," of the Keepership of the Gardens, &c., at Hampton Court. In IGil we find among the same Papers § that he planted a quautity of Apricots, Pear, Plum, Cherry, and " sundry other choice fruit trees," in the " Ould orchard." In the same year the gardens were visited by Mandelso. He, however, does not describe them ; he merely mentions that they were *' trcs beaux et trcs hicn cntretenusy From the accession of Chaxdes I., in 1625, to the time of the Commonwealth there is hardly a single reference to the gardens in the State records. That they were not materially altered during this time is certain, for in a Parliamentary Survey made of the palace and gardens in 1653 we find that they were then in almost the same condition as they were at the end of the sixteenth century. The Pond Garden, the Privy Garden, and the Mount Garden, on the south side of the palace, and the Old Orchard on the north side are all mentioned. There is, however, a kitchen garden mentioned in this Survey, which does not appear to have been in existence in Queen Elizabeth's time. This kitchen garden was situated to the west of the paddock just by the Old Orchard. From a note written at the end of the Survey, it appears that the palace and gardens were ordered to be sold. An order to this effect was issued in the early days of September, 1653, but very shortly afterwards it appears to have been cancelled, for there is the following entry in the Parliamentary Journal, under date September 26, 1653 : — " Order that the house, called Hampton Court, with the outhouses and gardens thereto belonging, and the little park wherein it stands be stayed until Parliament take further notice." In 1659 another Survey || was made, but this does not throw any light on the gardens beyond that given in the survey of 1653. In 1660 Br. Robert Morison,*; "botanical phy- sician and chief herbalist to the King," was appoioted "overseer, director, and gardener," at Hampton * See Pye"3 Evylaiul an Seen by Foreigners, p. 18. t P.29iJof Walpole's edition. I Strtte Papcra (domestie), Teb. 7. \ Ibid, Dec. 17. |] See State Papers (Domestic), vol. cciii., 41. «" Thia Dr. Jlorisou ^va-= the successor of the celebrated I^bel and Jobu ParkiusoQ. n 'TkE GAB DEN En S' C1I170N2CL1I:. tJAMCAilV ID, 1880. Court, and very shortly afterwards extensive additions were made to the gardens. It was about this time that the famous semicircle or fountain Garden was laid out on the west side of the pilace.* " Upou the happy restitution of the Rjjal family," says Stephen Switzer, " plant- infT began a^ain to raise its dejected head, and in Charles II.'s reign it was that those preliminary foundations of gardening were laid that have since bien raised to such a stupendous height. It is certain that the Prince, whose thoughts and expres- sions of all thiugi were allowed by all to be just, did plant the large semicircle before the palace at Himpton Court in pursuiace of some great desigu he had formed of gardening."!- The accouQts of expenses for laying out the Fountain Garden are not pre- served, and the only information which the State records give us on the suijject are two warrants v/hich were issued by Charles II. The first of these warrants is dated December 10, 1661, and appoints a certain Adrian May { to be ' supervisor of the French g.\rdener3 employed at Whitehall, St. James', and Hampton Court to examine their bills, &c., and to see that they have due satisfaction." § The second warrant j| is dated 1662, and appoints the Lord Treasurer to give immediate order for payment to Sec. Bennett of 21,000/i. for debts charged on the Privy Purse whilst he was Keeper, and espe- ciallv for work done in the gardens at Whitehall and Hampton Court. The mention of the French gar- deners in the first warrant is very interesting, for they can be no other than the famous designers of Versailles, Li Notre and Perault. Le Notre and Perault, we kuow, were invited over to England in 1681 by Charles II., to plant the gardens and parks of St. James' and Greenwich, and the above warrant malces it almost certain that they were employed to plant the Fountain Garden of Hampton Court also. The Fountain Garden when completed by them, however, presented a far different appearance to what it does now. In the centieof the semicircle was placed a large ' fountain with sirens, statues, &c., cast in copper by Fanelli."^ Around this large fountain were placed twelve smaller ones, and the beds were all laid out in the French style— geometrical figures or " figures like lace patterns " set out in Box. In the design completed by Le Notre there were also more gravel walks than there are now. A general idea as to the arrangement of the beds and shrubs and paths in the Fountain Garden, as completed by Le Notre, can be obtained from an old view of Hampton Court Palace, which may be seen in a print preserved in the library of the South Kensington Museum. It will be noticed from this view that, around each of the large grass plots small conical-shaped Yew trees were planted at certain distances from one another. Many of the Yew trees still remain. The long canal, the great avenues, and the rows of Limes are also Le Notre's work. " The park," writes Evelyn in 1662, " was formerly a flat and naked piece of ground, but it is now planted with sweet rows of Lime trees," The same author also mentions the "canal for water now near completed," .and "a cradle- work of Hornbeam in the garden, which is for the per- plexed twining of the trees very observable." " There is also," he continues, " a parterre, which they call Paradise, in which is a pi Hty banquetting-house, set over a cave or cellar." It has been thought that this cradlework of Hornbeam which Evelyn men- tions is that part of the Privy Garden now known as Queen Mary's Bower. This, however, is very improbable. Queen Mary's Bower is planted on the eastern terrace ot the garden. Now, this terrace, according to all accounts, was not made until Wil- liam Ill.'s reign. In that reign, Mr. Law tells us, the Mount Garden was lowered some 10 feet, to afford a view of the Thames from the State apart- ments, and on either side the soil was heaped up to form the two terraces. It should be remarked also that the trees which compose Queen Mary's Bower .are not Hornbeam, but Scotch Elm. Itisjustpossible however, as Mr. Law points out, that Evelyn may refer to something simil.ar, though not identical, which may have been destroyed when the conformation of tlie gardens was altered. The gardeners of Hampton Court at this time paid special attention to the cultivation of fruits and vegetables. An entry, dated 1661, in one of the Entry Books of Charles II.,* orders that the keepers of the King's gardens and orchards at Hampton Court "supply daily the best sorts of fruit suitable for the season, and herbs for salads, &c., meet for tlie table of the King and Queen." In 1666 a sum of "200lWi. from moneys remain- ing of the Erst India prizes taken in 1665 " was paid to the Keeper of the New Gardens, to be spent on the gardens of Hampton Court and Greenwich.'! How this money was spent the State records do not inform us. CTo be continued.) ** Until this tinit^ (lf561) it would appear that there had been only on this side ot the Palace a narrow strip of garden next to tlie buiUiiig, and fenced off from the Park by a stone balustrade. t fchnofti-aphit Jlutiica, ed. 1713, vol. i., p. ^2. \ Mny held this position till lliOd. $ Stiti Papers, Charles II., vol. xlv., 3?. I St'tte Papers, Charles II.. Eut. Book 10, p. K. % K.elyn, Diiry, Itiiji, June II. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. L.TCLIA CRAWSHAYAXA. In my note on p. 726 of the last volume I am afraid I stumbled into an error respectincc this plant, in exiling it a variety of L. albida. Having occasion to look into the matter again, I have returned to my former opinion, that it is a natural iiybrid between L, albida and L. autumiialis. I ought not to have overlooked the acute sepals, clearly de- rived from the latter; but this arose from trusting to memory alone when writing the note. In size it differs little from albida, and has many of its characters in the lip. A very fine L. auturanalis I had by me looked so xery different that I was misled. ■ But I am firmly convinced that L. anceps has no share in its parentage (as was supposed), for in L. Crawshayana the very charac- teristic bracts of the peduncle and markings of the lip of L. anceps are totally wanting. Catasethm QiiitsTEDii, Uchh. f. The species of this remarkable genus seems to be again coming to the front, for I have received quite a number to name within the last few months. The other day one was sent by Mr. F. W. JMoore, of Glasnevin, and proved to be the above-named speces. It has much the size and general appearance of the well-known C. raacrocarpum, better known under its later name of C. tridentatum ; but the opening into the sac-shaped lip is different, the side lobes approaching to within a short distance of each other, leaving a narrow opening with nearly parallel sides, while the margin is beautiCully ciliale. The colour of the flower is a light green, with numerous dark purple-brown blotches. The spur is bluntly conical, and the antenn.c wholly included, one of them being curved round at the foot of the column, and functionless ; the other curving forward, so as to come in contact with the insect directly it attempts to enter the lip. Once more we have a very remarkable species, of which the female plant is unknown. Dendrodium AVattm, lichh. /. I am glad to see Professor Reicheubach's note on p. 725 of the last volume, because it confirms what I have always suspected with regard to this spccirs. When Dr. "Watt's original Munipore plant flowered here I compared it with all the specimens and descriptions of the nigro-hirsutre group 1 could tind, and failed to identify it with any of them. I there- fore indicated it as an undescribed species. More recently the same plant came from Mr. J. O'Brien for determination, and when furnishing the name * Charles 11. Entry Book, 16. p. 36. rreai.'(.'y Haters, Charles 11., vol. clxsxvii,, No. 14. given in the Botanical Magazine I at the same time remarked its close alliance with D. virgineum, Rchb. f., and the complete absence of the very cha- racteristic keels of D. cariniferum of the same aufhor ; which, besides other differences, precluded the possibility of its being a variety of the latter. I am, however, strongly inclined to doubt its being a hybrid between D. Jamesianum, Rchb. f., and D. flexuosum, Griff., as now suggested. I may add that I have not seen any specimen of D. virgineum, Rchb. f., and should be much obliged to any one who would send a flowering branch, or even detached flowers for preservation. PLEUBOTHALLIS IMMEESA. I am indebted to Mr. F. W. Moore, of Glasnevin, for a specimen of this vt-ry remarkable ]ilant. The base of the raceme is wholly immersed in the leaf for two-thirds of the length of the latter— a charac- ter commemorated in the name. The racemes are elongated, many-flowered, the rhachis having a zig- zag arrangement, and the flowers, which are half an inch in length, are of an intense blackish-purple. Thtj leaves are narrowly cuneate-oblong, and about 6 inches long. OnCIDIUM OnMTHORHYNXHrSI. This is one of the most graceful and beautiful species of this large genus, and its colour quite dis- tinct from almost every other. The habit is very com- pact, and the plant under a foot high, the branching panicles just overtopping the leaves. The flowers are under an inch across, and \ery numerous, the colour lilac-purple, with a deep yellov,' crest. The column-wings are large, apiculate above, and rounded below ; while the rostellum is curiously like the beak of a bird, and stands just over a pair of white pro- cesses on the face of the column. A good plant is now flowering in the Kev.^ collection. IMasdevallia pdlvikaris, Rchh. f. A good plant of this singular JIasdevallia is now flowering in the Kew colliction. The leaves are about 9 inclies long, and the curiously warty peduncles reach about twice this length. The flowers are inverted, as in others of the small group to which it belongs, the odd sepal being underneath. The two lateral sepals are united, except at their apex; while between them is a large swollen pulvinnus, or cushion, to which the specific name applies. The flowers are nearly an inch long, with dusky markings on a light greenish ground. OCTOMERIA SUPRA-QLAl'CA. This curious little plant, described by me some time ago, is again flowering in the Kew collection, and has the appearance of being very floriferous. The whole plant is under 3 inches high, the leaves a little over an inch long, and the flowers about two- thirds as long as the leaves. The sepals and petals are very pale, nearly white in colour ; the lip yellow, with large maroon-purple blotch. The glaucous a]>;>parance of the upper surface of the leaves, owing to t!ie absence of chlorophyll in the upper layer of the cells, is remarkable. The plant is smaller, and the flowrrs larger, tlian in the majority of Octomorias. ri,,\TYCr,lNIS UNCATA. Few Orchids can excel the above-named little plant in its elegant and graceful nppearance wlien well cultivated. A fine clump of it is grown in a pan at Kew, and at the present time is crowded with its pendulous racemes of \i'Yy delicate, pale green flowers, which surround the ])lant on all sides. It Is comparatively dwarf, and of comjiact habit, and the flowers arc borne on slender iteduncles, which are erect until the flowers are reached, and then bend over rather suddenly, and become quite pen- dulous. The delicately-coloured flowers contrast cliarmingly with tin? leaves, and the whole plant has a delicate and fountain-like appearance. It is one of those plants which is most effective when grown in good-si/ed masses. B. A. lioUc, Hcrharinni. Ki-W, 10, ISW).] mE GAtlDEls'BnS' cbhonigle. 75 OUCUIDS AT SrCDLEV lIoOSE, HAMMEBSMITU. In this collection there is at the present time a fine plant of OJontoglossum radiatum in vigorous health with two spilies (to one bnlb), bearing tliirty- eight flowers, not vet expanded. When these are fully developed, it is the gardener's intention to ex- hibit the plant before the Koyal Horticultural Society's Floial Committee. O. hebraicum, having twenty-two flowers on a spike, is showy with its pale yellow blossoms, brown spotted and irregularly striped, twice as large as those of typical 0. odoratum. The useful Ca^logyne cristata is represented by a fine batch of plants, bearing about 300 spikes of flowers, which will constitute an attractive feature when in full flower. Cypripedium Schliraii is note- worthy, as having been in flower for three months, it keeps flowering up the stem. The pouch of C. venustum pardinura is beautifully marbled. Cypri- pediums arc well cared for here— thecoUection being unique. Sophronites grandiflora seems to shed quite a ray of warmth by its bright red flowers at this dull season of the year. B. Orchids at Wkay Pahk, Eeigate. In former years this garden was noted for Coleus ; but since it has been under Mr. Hoad's management these plants have had to make way for choicer tilings. The Orchid family is now in the ascendant, and alreadv a well grown nucleus of a collection exists, and tliere is little doubt that, before long, this will grow into an important collection, as their cultiva- tion is encouraged by Mr. Hoad's employer, G. Simpson, Esq. At the time of my visit (January 4) a splendid group of C-ilanthes was in flower, the bnlk of which consisted of the varieties C. Veitchii, C. vestita, C. v. rubra oculata, C. v. lutea oculata, and some few others less well marked. These plants possessed large flow-ers, and averaged about fifty to a flower-spike, and not only does Mr. Hoad know how to grow Calanthes, but he also knows how to display them to advantage. The plants stood on a fonr- stepped stage in the middle of the bouse, which was fur- nished with plants of Maidenhair Ferns and Begonia Bex. The Calanthes being placed between these, and the pots disguised by the Ferns, &c., the flower-spikes showed above this ground-work and looked charming. Indeed I do not remember having seen Calanthes in flower better displayed. The next best plants in flower were Odontoglossums, consisting of some fine varieties of 0. crispum, 0. Cervantesii, with its curious concentric marking ; O. C. morada, introduced a few years ago by the Liverpool Horticultural Company — a little gem — the flowers not so large as those of the type, bat the markings more defined and restricted to the sepals and petals ; and the labellum having a colour which is the ground colour of the former. According to the introducers the colour is pale mauve, and it is of a very delicate shade of mauve. A small plant of 0. Insleayi had a raceme of nine fine flowers ; the constantly flowering 0. Rossi raajus was observed in quantity, many being fine varieties. A plant of 0. gloriosum aureum, with a heavily branched raceme, was very good ; and specimens of macnlatum, 0. pulchellum roseum, and 0. bictonense, were numerous. Of Dendrobiums, there were in flower aureum, which was one of the most conspicuous. It had made fine vigorous bulbs, and was flowering finely ; its long bulbed variety, D. phillippinense, had made strong growths last year that were quite 4 feet long. Some good examples of D. nobile were showing well for flower, as were Lycaste Skinneri, Cymbidium Lowianum, Phaius grandiflora, and several Cypripediums. Amongst the latter a nice plant of C. insigne Jlaulei, growing in a 9-inch pot, had more than three dozen flowers. Oncidium Forbesii gran- diflora, Lcclia albida, and L. anceps. were in good order. Hanging from the roof in small pans was tlie small but sweet-scented Oncidium cheirophorum covered profusely with flowers, as was the brilliant Sophronites grandiflora coccinea, little masses of which in o-inch pans, were very eflfective. It has often been said by Orchid growers that, where the sph.agnum about the plants grows well, so also do the plants. That there is great deal of truth in this goes without saying, and in the case of the Sophro- nitis, the sphagnum was evidently quite as [much at liome as the Orchid. F. R. C H I S W I C K . The following particulars are extracted from the schedule of the Koyal Horticultural Society for ISS'J, just issued, and tend to explain what are the aims of the Society : — The Council being desirous of making the Society's Gardens at Chiswick (as far as the funds at its com- mand will allow) a school of scientific and practical horticulture, " ornamental as well as useful,' and of increased value and interest to the Fellows, has devoted its careful attention to the present condition of the gardens, and to a scheme for their future better utilisation. It is of opinion that such a garden should be devoted (1) to the cultivation of such fruits, vegetables, and decorative plants and flowers, as it may seem expedient to draw the parti- cular attention of the Fellows to at the moment, and varying from time to time ; (2), to the trial of new sorts side by side with established varieties; (3). to such experiments in the culture and treatment of plants as have a gardening as distinguished from a merely scientific value and interest. To these may be added (4) the trial of horticultural appliances and materials. And it is evident that these trials and ex- periments, and the experience gained, are of compara- tively little general interest, value, or use, unless they can be periodically and regularly published for the direct information of the Fellows. With this pur- pose in view, the Council proposes to at once recommence the publication of the Journal of the Society's Transactions. The cultivation, trial, &c., of fruits must always be of the utmost importance, and happily forms one of the most valuable features of the Gai'dens at present. There is a good collection of the best varieties of fruits, and it is intended to maintain this and extend it by the trial of such novelties as the raisers may be good enough to bestow on the Society. A list of the varieties of the different fruits already in the Gardens will be published in an early number of the Journal, in order to avoid duplicates ' being sent, and to enable Fellows to send fruit for comparison and verification of name, &c. The Grapes in the great conservatory and in house Xo. 12 afford at all seasons ready examples of, and instruction in, successful Grape culture, which might be of service to many of the Fellows. House No. 13 is to be planted with JIuscats, and will be similarly useful and instructive. House No. 15 is to be devoted to the high-flavoured but greatly neglected F'rontignan Grapes, in the hope of directing atten- tion to these most delicious though somewhat small- berried fruits. It is proposed that one of the houses should be furnished with fruit trees in pots, as their culture would be extremely interesting to many Fellows, and experiments in treatment are more readily carried on with pot plants. The difierent methods or systems of pruning and training fruit trees will be illustrated to the fullest extent, and experiments made in grafting on various kinds of stocks, and the results carefully observed. A collection of standard and typical varieties of diff'erent vegetables will be grown (as far as space permits) for comparison with new varieties, and both to assist the committee in recommending their awards, and for the general information of the Fel- lows. Besides this general collection, specially exhaustive trials of certain classes of vegetables will be made every few years in rotation, and descriptive reports given. The special classes proposed for 1889 are Broccoli, Cauliflower, Brussels Sprouts, Broad Beans, and Gourds. The production of winter and early salading will also be illustrated as being considered a subject that does not at present receive sufficient attention in many English gardens. The Floral department will include all plants and flowers of a distinctly decorative garden character, whether for cultivation under glass or out-of-doors, A few classes only can be illustrated each year. For 1SS9 it is proposed to take Gloxinias, Pelargoniums (show, fancy, and decorative), and Chrysanthemums ; the most decorative varieties of Ferns, hardy .and exotic, with a view to a Fern Conference in 1S90 ; Dahlias, Cannas, summer Chrysanthemums, hardy herbaceous plants, alpines. Carnations and Pinks, with a view to a Carnation trial in 1890. Avery flue collection of herbaceous Piconies is also in pro- cess of being made, and v/ill, it is hoped, in 1,990—91 be an object of great interest and in- struction. It is also proposed to show the utility of annuals for inexpensive garden decoration by illustrating with a few classes the varied eff'ects of autumn sowing for spring flowering, and spring sowing for autumn blooming. As opportunity offers, experiments will be con- ducted with, and trial made of, all sorts of articles and appliances used in the management or work of a garden — c.r/., manures (see below), insecticides, mow- ing-machines, garden tools, systems of glazing, ven- tilating, heating, &c., and reports will be published thereon. The condition of the glasshouse is one which the Council deplores, but which the funds at its com- mand give at present no means of remedying ; it is hoped, however, that a large influx of new Fellows may before long enable it to make great improve- ments i indeed, it is evident that without a considerable increase in the Society's income, only a comparatively small part of this programme can be accomplished. The officials of the Society will give any informa- tion, and render every assistance in their power to all Fellows. Any one wishing to study any par- ticular branch of the gardening operations, or to make any special observations of diflTerent subjects, should make direct application to Mr. Barron, the Society's Superintendent at Chiswick, or to the Honorary Secretary. Gifts of fruit trees, plants, seeds, appliances, &c., will at all times be welcomed, and will be duly acknowledged in the Society's Journal. EXPEEIMENTAL TbIAL OF ARTIFICIAL MaNDHES, A trial of artificial manures having been fre- quently proposed as likely to prove of great public utility, and it appealing that such a trial might be suitably instituted in the Society's Gardens, the Council has set apart a plot of ground for the purpose in the year 1889, subject to the following conditions and regulations : — The ground selected is an open situation, the soil is a firm garden loam, quite free from recent manure, and has been under Strawberries for the past three years. It is of equal texture and quality throughout. For the purpose of the manure trial, it will be divided by a walk down the centre, on one side of which certain selected crops will be grown by the aid of the manures entered for trial, and on the other side, crops of precisely the same kinds will be grown without manure, for comparison of results. For each manure to be tried, a breadth of 10 feet with a run of 45 feet (including manured and uu- manured plots), will be apportioned, and each plot will be treated in precisely the same manner as to crops selected, dates of planting and harvesting, and general cultivation ; in fact, every detail will be so ordered as to ensure the most perfect uniformity of treatment and conditions. The breadth of 10 feet will be lined out for three row^s of plants, to consist of one row of one kind of Cabbage, one row of one kind of Red Celery, and one row of one kind of Turnips. The several manures having been distinctly specified in the terms of entry, will be purchased for the purpose by the Society's agent in the open market, for and at the expense of the Society. The seeds or plants required will also be obtained at the expense of the Society, and the same stocks will be employed throughout. On the maturation of the several crops, a critical examination will be made, and this will be completed by a register of the total weights of the produce of 76 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jakcary 19, 1S89. each row, distinguishing in respect of weight, &c., the produce of the half row grown with the manure, and the corresponding half row grown without. The results will be made public as soon as possible after the completion of the trials. The entire management of the trials will be in the hands of the Society, and will be subject to the supervision of the Chiswick Gardens Committee. In order to cover thfi expenses attending these trials, every entry of a manure must be accompanied with a payment to the Society of the sum of £10, such payment being requisite to complete the entry. Every entry must be accompanied with a state- ment on the authority of a known analytical chemist of the constitution or chemical analysis of the manure to be tried. The mode and manufacture and materials employed need not be stated, but the chemical composition is a matter of importance. No trial will take place unless there be at least six entries of diflereut manures. Applications for places in the trial should be made without delay to Mr. A. F. Barron at the Society's Gardens, Chiswick. No interference of any kind with any detail of these trials will be permitted, except under the advice and sanction of the Chiswick Garden Committee. Popular AFTEnNOON Meetings and Lectures. The Council is of opinion that it is very desirable to re-establish the Afternoon Meetings of Fellows, for the discussion of subjects bearing upon the special exhibits of each day, as well as on Horticul- ture generally. In order to have a suitable subject to which to direct the attention of Fellows, and to lead to useful and definite results, a programme will as far as possible be prepared beforehand for each dav and some one specially associated with the sub- ject in hand will be invited to open the proceedings. These popular lectures will therefore be com- menced on March 12, when Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., has been asked to read a short paper on Saxi- frages, which will then be in flower, and which belong to the herbaceous department of gar- dening, which is becoming increasingly popular. On March 26, Herr Krelage, of Haarlem, or some other prominent grower, will be asked to speak upon Hyacinths. On April 0. Mr. Burbidge, F.L.S., of Trinity College Botanic Gardens, Dublin, will be invited to open a discussion on Narcissus. On April 23, the Rev. F. D. Horner will read a paper on "The Auricula," and Mr. J. T. D. Llewelyn on " Primula Species." On May 14, Prof. Michael Foster, Sec. K.S., will be asked to draw attention to Irises, which should then be in bloom. On June 11, Mr. Harry J. Veitch, F.L.S., will treat about Orchids. On July 23, Mr. Shirley Hibberd will read a paper on " The Origin of the Florists' Carnation." The subjects and names mentioned are merely provisional, and are given only as an illustration of what is hoped to be done at all these popular meetings, by means of which attention will be drawn to the work of the Society, and the sympathy and co-operation of the Fellows enlisted. The papers read at these meetings, and the discussion that takes place will, as far as possible, be printed in the Society's Jour)ml fur the information of Fellows unable to be present. AGAVE CANDELABRUM. At fig. 11 there is given an engraving of a very handsome Agave which flowered this autumn in the garden of Mr. Willraore, of Florence Terrace, Fal- mouth. Speecimens of the plant, as well as excel- lent photographs, were forwarded to Kew by Mr. K. V. Sherring, F.L.S., to whom also I am indebted for particulars respecting this species, which probably has flowered for the first time in the open air in this country. Mr. Willmore is able to trace the fact that the plant was originally brought from Tivoli in 18(55 by Dr. Tuke, and it has grown vigorously ever since at Falmouth in the open ground, at an elevation of about 150 feet above the level of the sea. Mr. Baker is of opinion that the species is Agave candelabrum of Tudaro. It is figured by the latter author Hort. But. Panorm. (Palermo), i., UG, t. I'l. Doubtless the plant is more or less abundant in Italy. In his recent monograph of the " Amaryllidete," p. 181, Jlr. Baker lias reduced Agave candelabrum to Agave rigida, Mill. This latter is the well- known plant which in several more or less distinct varieties yields the Sisal Hemp of commerce. A. candelabrum may be looked upon as a large and remarkably well-grown A. rigida. The plant here figured had leaves 4—6 feet long, and a flowering- stem about 23 feet in height. The lateral flowering branches were a foot long, with heavy clusters of bright orange flowers. It is a somewhat singular coincidence that at the beginning of the year a photograph of the same species was forwarded to Kew by General Galloway, taken from a handsome specimen which flowered at Government House, Bermuda. The species is, no doubt, cajiuble of bearing a moderate degree of cold, and it might very well be cultivated in this country in place of, or side by side with, the common Agave americana. It is a larger and more majestic plant than the latter, and it appears to be more ornamental in flower. D. Morris, Assistant-Director, Royal Gardens, Kcio. FLORISTS' Flowers. THE AMARYLLIS. The early days in the new year find us full of work amongst the florists' flowers. On Monday, the 7th, I started to repot a collection of about 1200 plants of Amaryllis. This is rather tedious work, as every bulb hasto be examined, in order to see that no decayed por- tion is left to spread and cause the death of the bulb at a time when life and beauty are expected, and to make sure that no insect pests have made for themselves a home under the scaly covering round the crowns. This is removed, and the part dusted with tobacco- powder. We also require at hand a small portion of powdered lime, newly slaked, to dust on to the portion from which decay has been removed. I find all this makes potting rather tedious work, but it is best to do it thoroughly as you proceed. The Amaryl- lis grower who cultivates a collection of the very best hybrid varieties will soon find out that some have a vigorous constitution and seldom get out of condition, whilst with others it is a struggle for existence from the first; and here comes in a dif- ferent course of treatment. The vigorous varieties- require pots of 8 inches diameter, inside measure ; and the weaker sorts will seldom require them larger than 5 or 6 inches. Some of the varieties possessing the most chaste and lovely colours, with handsome form, and substance of pet^l, are amongst the weakly or medium constitutioned varieties ; besides requiring smaller pots, these last also do better with a more sandy soil. The flower pots should be washed perfectly clean inside, and when the bulbs are turned out of the pots in which they have lived for twelvemonths the dry soil ought to be shaken from the roots; and all those which are decayed must be removed. Tliere is always a portion of decay at the base of the bulbs, composed mostly of roots, which decay in the course of nature, leaving only a margin of live roots. I plant the bulbs on a base of dry, clean sand, and push a little more of it round the bulbs with tlie fingers. The potting compost must be worked in amongst the roots ; the whole to be pressed in firmly with the Angers. I once inquired of a good grower what was the nature of the potting soil he used, and received for answer, that "He used anything he could get liold of. ' This off-handed way of treating the plants is not the way to win the highest position at exhibitions. 1 am careful to mix up good soil, using three burrow- loads of good loam, one of fibrous peat, one of leaf- mould, one of sand, and a good sprinkling of i)onndL'd charcoal. This is of n medium degree of moisture, as I do not care to give any water for a month after potting; if water is applied to the roots before they have made considerable growth the probabilities are that many of them will decay. The newly potted plants sliould be plunged in tan, with a bottom-heat of 85° or 90^, but the minimum temperature of the house need not be more than 50° at first. The Chrysanthemum. Many persons do not take sufficient pains in propa- gating their plants or in growing them well in the early months of the year. Now, it is quite plain that unless we lay a good foundation to start with, we have nothing on which to build a good plant. I would not limit to any given week or month the time of putting in the cuttings, but what it is desir- able to insist upon is the importance of keeping the plants quite free from greenfly by fumigating them when under glass, and by other means, such as ample ventilation and placing the plants near the glass roof to keep them growing steadily without any check, and when the time comes to place them out- of doors they should be so well inured to the weather by previous exposure that they will not be sensitive to the change. The plants intended to form specimens should be grown the longest under glass, as a plant grown from a cutting and trained to a single stem, which must be seen distinctly above the surface-soil of the pot, cannot be too large. I have counted on some of our Pompons 1400 flowers open at one time, whereas it is difficult to get forty good blooms on a large-flowered incurved variety trained in the same way. The plan is to get a two-year-old plant of the incurved section, with four or five good shoots start- ing from the old stem, the lower one 2 or 3 inches from the ground. In all cases let the soil used be of good quality, and the plants must be repotted into larger sizes before the roots become too much matted together ; and here arises the question of repotting the plants into their flowering pots at once, or into several in succession. I decidedly approve of small shifts, as it is termed — at least for specimen plants. The method of procedure is this : — The cuttings are struck in small 60-sized pots, and they need not be potted again until they are fairly well rooted. The next shift would be into a 5-inch pot, then into a 7-inch, from that size into a 9-inch, and lastly into an 11-inch, to flower. TheU-inch pots are the largest we use for pompons. I am alluding now to the pro- duction of specimen plants either for conservatory decoration or for exhibition. The repotting of course must be done in a careful manner, so that the plants do not receive the least check. The potting soil must be good. Three parts good loam, one leaf-mould, one decayed manure, some pounded oyster-shelis— say, a 9-inch potful to each barrowload of the compost — and the same quantity of bone-dust, or half-inch bones. This compost should be mixed up now and be laid up on a heap in a place where it can be protected from too much wet. Plants intended to be grown for the production of large blooms should be potted from the small cutting pots into 5-inch pots, and the next shift ought to be into the pots in which they are to flower. Tni-; Gladiolus. January is not a month in which much can be done with these. The corms are stored in a room where frost cannot intrude, but where there is not much dry heat. I remember seeing a collection entirely destroyed during a severe winter. Each variety was placed by itself in a flower-pot, and placed over one of the hot-water boilers in & shed, The heat from the bricks felt warm to the hand at ordinary times, but having to heat exces- sively owing to the severe frost, it was too much for the poor bulbs, and everyone of them was reduced to 11 white powder, although the outer covering seemed all riglit. It is well to have a succession of bloom, and this can be obtained by looking over the bulbs now; and making a selection of the early flower- ing varieties, taking those bulbs that have started into growth. Prepare some moderately rich sandy soil, and plant each bulb in the centre of a 5-inch pot, with about an inch of soil over their crowns. Jantjahy 19, 1889,J THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. n The pots may be placed in a greenliouse or plunged over the rims in cocoa-tibre refuse in a cold frame. The conns are not very tender; and will live in the open grouud all through the winter. I ustd to grow the fullowiiifif season nmon^ the ordinary garden crops. 1 allude to the seedlings of gaudavensis. The importance of raising seedlings from hybridised flowers has often been alluded to. Tlie small one- FlG. II. — AGAVE CANDELABRUM AT FALMOUTir. (SEE P. 1^.) duce a good sjiike of flowers. The first batch of seedlings I had (about 500) were planted the first week in Ft^hruary, and although sharp frosts set in after they were phmtt-d, they took no apparent harm, but Howered well in the autumn, and amongst them was my first certificated variety, John Standish. It was figured in the Florist and Vumologist, but did not come to much afterwards. Mr. Standish had the bulb with its oll'sets, but he lost it in some way. It is interesting to watch the development of the seedlings from the best varieties. J. Donqlaa, large numbers on a large quarter in the kitchen garden and the soil became excessively wet, owing to the plants being freely watered in the autumn ; usually a number of bulbs would be left in the ground all the winter, and they would come up quite strongly year old corms of these should be kept in dry sand during the winter, but they wake up early in the sprint^, and must be planted as soon as the weather permits. The corms are very small — from the size of a Pea to that of a Hazel-nut ; but even the small ones will pro- NOTES FROM GUNNERSBURY PAliK. It goes without saying that the visitor to Gun- nersbury can always find something of considerable interest to engage his attention, as Mr. Roberts grows a large variety of plants, and grows them well, too. In the stove-house I was much interested in a plant of Ixora in the collection on which Mr. Roberts depends so largely for cut flowers during the summer and early autumn months, that had been ]iotted entirely in Wool & Co.'s fertilising moss, and on Mr. Roberts turning it out of the pot it was seen to be a perfect ball of roots, and the plant had grown with great luxuriance. As a matter of course it would be too expensive to ]iot wholly in fertilising moss, but that it is very helpful to all soft-wooded plants there can be no doubt ; to use Mr. Roberts expression, "they grow in it like weeds." Begonia insignis is worth noting as a good winter-flowering variety, the colour of the blossoms delicate pink. Here were a number of pots of cuttings of the pretty basket-grass, Panicum variegatum ; a number are put into 60 and 48-sized pots, and they are simply potted on without being disturbed, and in this way the pots are quickly furnished with foliage. In the East Indian Orchid-house there is a fine lot of young plants of Vanda teres ; Mr. Roberts is working up a large stock of it, and seems to be' very fortunate in propagating it. The pots are half filled with crocks, and the cuttings or rooted pieces are all planted in moss. In the act of propagating the plants are cut up into pieces about 3 inches in length ; and they do not appear to fail to grow. Mr. Roberts is growing this fine species largely planted out, and intends to fill two or three more pits with it in the spring. Some very fine specimen Eucharis amazonica are to be seen in one of the span-roofed stoves ; there are about nine fine specimens in No. 4 pots, and they have altogether about 150 flower stems. They are occasionally fed with a little liquid manure ; and some top-dressing, in which soot plays an important part, is occasionally given. The plants are re-potted about once in six years. Cypripediura insigne is a charming feature, and it stands so well both upon the plants and in a cut state. Mr. Roberts always relies upon it for coming into bloom at this season of the year, and it will stand a good deal of rough treatment. C. Spicerianum and C. venustum, the latter with handsome blotched foliage, are also in bloom. A house of Epacrises — good-sized plants in full flower — is found very useful indeed for cutting from. They are good-sized plants, and as they are cut-in hard for bloom, but little cutting-back is required when they have gone out of bloom ; they are then placed in a house in which fruit-forcing Is com- mencing, and continually potted as required ; but repotting is not done every year. Among the sorts grown are varieties of Hyacinthiflora, Sunset, Alba- odorata — a late white-flowering variety, Lady Pan- mure, Vesta, Delicata, Fireball — rich in colour, Tricolor, Devoniana, carminata, Ardentissima, Exoniensis, a long-tubed deep-coloured variety ; rosea compacta, Princess Royal, pictum, Mrs. Storey, &c. As the plants keep in bloom three months they are invaluable for cut flowers. In this house is Erica hyemalis grandiflora, the flowers larger than the type, and a vigorous grower. There is also a good batch of finely grown plants of E, hyemalis laden with spikes of bloom. 78 THE GAFDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 'Jaxtabv V-K 1889. As a winter flowering double zonal PcUrj^onium F. V. Baspail i8 a great favourite with Mr. Roberts. In his opinion it surpasses all the double zonals for this particular purpose, and he is worl^ing up a good stock of it. In a warm pit there is a good batch of the old double white Primula sinensis, well grown and bloomed; and the pale salmon-rose coloured Lord Beaconsfield, one of Mr. Gilbert's new varieties. But the old double white still holds its own for freedom of flower and general usefulness. In the Rose-house, where there are some fine bushes of Camellias planted out, and where they are in full flower, is a very fine form of the double white, which appears to be a perfect white Camellia. But the feature of the house is a large bush of Daphne indica rubra planted out; it is of large size, and laden with trusses of flowers which fill the house with a most delightful perfume. Double Azalea Pauline Marden deserves to be noticed for its hand- some flowers of a charming shade of pale soft rose ; it is one of those varieiies that stands well, and is a first-rate early flower. A. narcissiflora is seen covered with its pure white blossoms. A. Borsig is also a very useful semi-double white variety, but the gem among white Azaleas appears to be the white form of Roi Leopold ; it is a fine form like its type, and a capital forcer. The old A. amuena is seen here in l.irge bushes, blooming iinely and abundantly. In the cool Orchid-house there are a large number of forms of Odontoglossum Alexandra, some of v^hich are throwing up strong flower-spikes, and the plants are in very fine condition. They are standing on inverted flower-pots, placed in a bed of cocoa- fibre, and the base of the pots in which the plants are growing are tibout an inch above the fibre. Mr. Roberts appears to be a great believer in the advan- tage to be derived from standing Orchids over a bed of fibre. H. D. THE FRENCH VANILLA TRADE. BoBDEADX, which Is One of the principal centres of the Vanilla trade, imports, it is stated, over 60,000 lb. annually. Most of the Vanilla imported comes from the French colony of Reunion, where the culture is of comparatively recent date. The annual exports from that island previous to 1845 amounted to only 6 or 8 kilos per annum, while the total exports from the French colonies of Reunion, Mayotti, Tahiti, St. Marie, Madagascar, and Guadaloupe for 1880 were 78,243 kilos, and in 1886, 180,671 kilos. By the local dealers Vanilla is classified into four qualities ; the pods of the first or pri/njcm measure from 7 to 9 inches long ; they possess the characteristic per- fume in a greater degree than the other sorts. The Vanilla vine, it is stated, is at times covered with efflorescence of a silvery brilliance, producing a crystallisation similar to that found in the pod, and which in good specimens covers the outside of the pod. This is called Vanilla vine, and is in great demand in the Bordeaux market. Two different methods prevail for preparing the pods for market, which are described as follows : — The first consists of harvesting the capsules after they have lost their green tint. Woollen sheets are spread upon the ground, and when thoroughly heated by the sun the pods are spread upon the sheets and exposed to the sun for a certain period they are then put into boxes, covered by a cloth and exposed to the sun. The fruit should assume a coffee colour in twelve or fifteen hours after this last exposure. If this colour is not obtained, the Vanilla is again submitted to the heat of tlie sun. This process occupies about two months, at the exjiiration of which the Vanilla is packed in tin boxes contain- ing about fifty pods each, and securely jiacked. The second process consists of tying together about a thousand pods and plunging them into boiling- water to bleach them, after which they are exposed to tlie sun for several liours and tlien coated with oil or wrapped in oiled cottou to prevent the pod from bursting. During the drying the pod exudes a sticky liquid, the flow of which is promoted by gentle pres- sure of the jJods two or three times a day. In the course of preparation for market the capsule loses about one quarter its original size. iii^garding the trade in Vanilla in the London market for the week ending November 3 la.st, it is stated that the latest mail reports from Mauritius estimate that the outturn of the coming crop in that island will be a small one, and will probably not ex- ceed 34,000 lb. The present market price in London for Vanilia is very good, ranging from &s. per pound for common, to 23s. for fine sorts. DATURA ARBOREA. [See Supplementahy Sheet.] Daturas have long been in cultivation in our gardens, and were formerly found in every garden of any pretensions. In garden parlance the annual species go under the name of Datura, and those of shrubby habit under that of Brugmansia; but both are now included in the Genera Plantarurii. under Datura. The best known shrubby species are : — D. sanguinea, D. suaveolens, D. Knightii, and D. arborea. All of these make imposing plants when planted out in cool conservatories in plenty of mode- rately rich free soil, and they can be brought into a flowering condition in a few seasons by restricting their root- run ; but the best way to grow the plants in liouses of moderate dimensions is by putting them into pots or tubs, and shifting into larger sizes as they seem to need more space for the roots. These plants, when of large size, if in tubs or pots, can be effectively made use of in the grounds around the dwelling, sheltered nooks and angles with a w-arm aspect suiting them admirably. The plants shown in our Supplement in this issue were grown at Knight's Hill, the residence of T. II. Maudsley, Esq., West Norwood, Surrey, by Mr. Noble, the gardenei', wliose remarks concerning the house they grew in and his method of treating them are as follows : — The house from which the photograph was taken is 46 feet long by -26 feet, and has a bed in tlie middle of 35 feet by 14 feet, and 6 feet deep. On the bottom is laid 2 feet of rough rubble for drainage, ovi^r this is placed a mass of good turfy loam, to which one-fifth well rotted manure and the same quantity of sifted burnt ballast is added, for the purpose of keeping it open and porous. The Daturas were raised from cuttings taken in March, 1887, and grown in pots till phinted out in March, 1888. There are sixteen plants in all in the bed, and at the time the photograph was taken (August 14) 200 blooms were fully expanded on each plant. The perfume when the doors of the house were ojien attracted the attention of persons 50 yards distant. The flowers of D. arborea are white, the corolla 7 — 8 Inches in length; leaves elliptic oblong, and covered witli a white powdery pubescence, as are also tlie young shoots and petioles. It may be mentioned that the rest of the bed is filled with various species of plants, as Begonias, Fuchsias, Agapanthus, Abutilnns, double-flowered Pelargoniums, Ferns, Ficus elastica. Acacias, &c. The border louud the liouse is 2 feet in width, and is planted with greenhouse plants in variety. Plants and Their Culture. Seasonahle Hints.— Winter- flowering Begonias that are past their best sliould be placed in a cooler house, only keeping a sullicient number for .stock, old unsightly plants being discarded. Poinsettias that have lost their brightness sliouhl now be laid on their sides in a dry place to rest till required again to supply cuttings for propagation. AUamandas and Buiiqainvi/lea q/alira which are in pots, and liave beenat rest since theautnmn, should, if now showingsigns of growth, and they are wanted lo flower early in the summer, be pruned back, all weak wood cut away, but retaining the stronger growtlis to produce floweVing shoots for tliis season. Turn them out of their pots, and shake ofl'a large portion of tlie old soil, and if the plants are old cut back the large thick roots somewhat, placing the rout masses in a tub of warm water for an hour or two till thoroughly saturated, afterwards allowing them to drain ; repot in good loam, not too finely broken up, and which containsa liberal proportion of decayed dry cow-dung, a little coarse silver-sand, and a small quantity of bone-dust. The soil for AUamandas should be rammed firmly, so as to induce firm, short-jointed floVering wood. Give them a temperature of 70^, and syringe daily once or twice according to the weatlier. (Jlcrodcndfon Balfuiirianuin should also be started into growth if required to bloom early ; and if large specimens are desired and the plants are vigorous they may have a liberal sliift, in repotting great care being taken not to disturb the roots, only removing the drainage. A lighter compost than that employed for AUamandas will suit them, if some rough fibrous peat and a few small lumps of charcoal be added. Train the plants as may be desired, and place them near the light at the coolest end of the stove ; syringe frequently in bright weather, and water sparingly for a time. Lcuras. — A few plants should be pruned for early bloom, and placed in a warm i>it where a higher temperature can be given than the stove admits of. When repotting use rougli fibrous peat, a small quantity of loam, and plenty of sharp clean silver- sand. A plant or two of Dipladenia should be started at the same time, and find a place in the same pit, the shoots being trained along the roof. A mild bottom-heat should be afforded the plants, to encourage free growth. Plants that have begun to push their buds may be repotted, using for them the compost recommended for Ixoras. G. Wythcs, Ston House, MhhUei^r.r. The Flower Garden. Work to he Done: — Begonias {tuherous). — As bedding fjhants these have of late come to the front, being suited alike for a warm or cold season. They were equally good with us last wintry summer as they were during the tropical summer of 1887. It is a pity they are not hardier. They totally collapsed "on the morning of October 2, when we registered 0° of frost. However, we do not frequently get such severity so early, and 1 would advocate their being used as bedding plants. One- year old tubers produced tlie finest display ; it is hard to assign a reason why this should happen, unless, as I surmise, our case is exceptional, as the oldest tubers had been grown for a year or more in pots, and were planted out into the beds from pots, where- as the younger tubers were started in a frame, and transplanted direct to the flower beds, with such a large mass of soil adhering to the roots, that they could hardly have felt the removal. By sowing at once in heat, and growing the plants on continuously in an intermediate temperature, moderate-sized jdants can he had for jdanting out at the end of May; but to avoid disappointment those who are intending to use them as bedding plants for the first time should pro- cure one-year old tubers. Plant them in boxes or in frames in a soil of a light fibrous nature, containing a free admixture of leaf-soil orcocoa-nut fibre ; do not force growth, a mass of roots rather than great top growth being of greater impoitance at planting-out time. Both seeds and tubers can now be bought at a cheap rate trne to colour, the most cflTective colours for massing being scarlet, rose, and orange or apricot. Sublmpical Bedding. — This is not nearly so formid.able an undertaking as m.any suppose from having seen the examples of it in the parks of London, notably Battersea Park, where it was first practised, and where grand Palms, Ferns, Musas, and find-foliaged stove plants were used ad lihiliiM and regardless of expense. This mode of planting the beds as well as the varieties of plants employed, has now however been very mucli modified, and that for the better, because we gardeners are such copyists, and the attempts made at forming "little Batterseas'' (without the assistance of the nation's purse) was such a complete failure ns to cause bedding-nut after this fashion to be generally condemneil. However, <|uite as good lessons are learnt from failure as from successes, and the Battersea examples, though gene- rally prohibitive on the ground of expense, led up to, in fact, pave us the idea of using fine and graceful foliage plants of a hardier nature than were there used, and that, too, with little or no loss, either of the picturesque or beautiful, whilst the gain in regard to housing of plants lessened the anxiety to injury by cold aud storms ; add to these advantages, the possibility of everv garden of any extent, that has the appliances for raising seeds having a first-rate suhtrojiical bed or beds, at the price of a few shillings for seeds, and it will be seen, as at the commencement of this note was remarked, that subtropical bedding is not the (^ Jan-cart 19, 1889.J THE GABDENEBS' C HBO NT CLE. 79 formidable affdir it is often pictuieJ. As it is now time that hardy plants whicii can be made available for this kind of disphiy should be planted, 1 name such as have served us wt- 11 here, viz.. Acacia pseudo- Acacia, Aihmtus glandulosus, Acer Xegundo varie- gata, A. juponicA, Aralia SieboUIii i^hardv in most places), Aruudo couspicua (nearly always in llower), Uambusa Metake, Pnuius Pissardii, Khus cotiaus, ' U. glabra, and Yucca recurva. These constitute the entire list of hardy trees, shrubs, and fjrasses, we have used, and that witli excellent etttct. There are a few hardy herbaceous perennials that bt-in^ of dwarf habit are suitable for undi'igrowtlis to some of the deciduous trees, as also as edginr: plants tor large beds. All the Funkias, with their massive foliage and dwarf habit are excellent for the latter purpose, as are the Acanthuses and these also are the perfection of plants lor massing or grouping on turf. Anchusa italicaisagrand plant for useas under- growth to Acacia lophantha, and its free-flowering propensity renders it equally suitable for the flower garden proper. Bocconia cordata, growing to a height of 0 feet, and its panicles of graceful blossoms towering still higher, makes a flue central Hgure for a bed. I know of no plant that so greatly resents removal and therefore, the spot where it is to be planted should be well prepared, and be ever after left alone ; the plant will take care of itself. Ferula pigantea, is one of the most graceful of plants, and, like the preceding, impatient of transplantation. We had plants of it last year 7 feet high, and already it is throwing up shoots of immense strength, so that the dimensions of last year are likely to be exceeded. Subtropical plants that are easily raised from seeds we numerous, but I shall name only such as give the least trouble, and are the most etfective for the longest period, viz., Acacia lophantha, a graceful Fern-like plant, as easy to raise from seed as it is handsome to look at, and stands all weathers — frost excepted — without injury; sow at once in a bottom- heat of 70°. Cannabis gigantea (Hemp), a very rapid growing plant; in a kindly growing season attaining a height of S feet with a proportionate spread of its graceful branches. This should not be sown before the end of February, it being such a free rooter the plants would get pot-bound, and stunted before planting out time if sown earlier. Eucalyptus globulus (Blue Gum Tree). — At one lime this promised to make a timber tree ; some plants here flourished for six years, but the winter of two years ago killed them to the ground-line, so that in future it will only do to. treat it as an annual. The colour of its foliage — a bluish-grey — and the freedom of its growth makes it a desirable subject for the subtropical garden. Last summer we used it as a setting for a mass of Solanum robustum, and the effect was most telling. Sow at once in heat. Grevillea robusta is of rather slow growth, and therefore it is desirable that the plants be at least a year old before they are used for bedding. The second season they may be expected to grow 1 yard or even more in height, and are most suitable for planting in conjunction with plants of a broad leaved type, such as Cannas, with which they har- monise perfectly when arranged as an encircling or boundary line. Nicotiana (Tobacco). — The varieties affinis, night smelling, and Wigandoides, the gigantic growing kind, are all that need be grown. These also being of rapid growth ought not to be sown before the endof next month. Kicinus (Castor-oil). — The varie- ties africanus, Gibsoni, and sanguineus, are all that need be grown for even the largest garden, and these also ought not to be sown till the end of February or the beginning of March. The Solanums complete the list. The varieties marginatum, pyracanthum, and robustum are all of slow growth, and should therefore be sown in bottom-heat at once. The varieties giganteum, and laciniatum grow freely and to an immense size, and for reasons previously given the sowing of these should also be postponed for another month. There are many other plants that are, no doubt, f-qual to those I have named for the production of sub-tropical effects, but, having had little or no personal experience of them, is sufficient reason ftir their not being included in my list. iV. Wiidsmith, Heclfidd Gardais, Wiuchficld. plants in tobacco-wnter solution if any greenfly are visible, and dust over with flowers of sulphur if red- spider be present, with a label removing any mossy or loose soil from the surface, and top-dressing witli loam mixed with a little of Thomson's manure ; make the new soil quite lirui. See that plants ou elevated shelves do not sutler from drought. Thusi' lilants which are in bloom keep at a temperature ot 50° to SS'^ by night, and use the camel's hair pencil on bright sunny days to distribute the pollen ovi-r weak blooms and shy setters ; when set and begin- ning to swell raise the temperature to 00° to 6r)° by night, and by sun-lieat to 7-")° by day. Although Strawberries have to be grown mostly in forcing- houses, and in all positions in these, they will not do in a draught, and when placed on a shelf in a vinery against the roof close to the top ventilation I have seen them fail completely; at the same time, others at a yard lower, and nearer to the front of the liouse. were as fine as one could wish to see. La Grosse Sucree, Vicomtesse Ilericaut de TImry, with President for the main crop, are good forcers. It is singular that at Kangemore we cannot grow Sir Joseph Paxtou, Keens" Seedling, or British Queen ; the plants go blind, and gradually die out. Physalis edulis is a plant not usually grown, but it gives variety to a dessert, and is a very accommo- dating plant. A few seeds or cuttings grown on can be made to occupy any spare place in a forcing-house, and they will do either in pots or planted out in re- stricted spaces ; it will do on a back wall or on a tiellis in a Peach-house, although it may there be much shaded. It is a very pleasant fruit to eat after a little acquaintance. W. Bcnndt, Eangcmore. Fruits Under Glass. Strawbereiks. — Plants in proportion to the number forced should be put into heat fortnightly. Peach- bonses and vineries with a temperature of 45° to 50° suit them admirably when first started. Wash the pots, remove decayed leaves carefully, and dip the The Hardy Fruit Garden. Prospective Work : Pruninq and Nailing Apricots. — This work, if not already finished, should be attended to now. We generally commence with these in the second week of January or about that time. The buds are more forward this season than they usually are ; but as yet not too forward to take harm. In the first place, before commencing to prune and nail the trees cover the border with some long straw litter, or use strong planks for treading upon, as this not only prevents the border from being trodden into a sticky paste,"but is much more comfortable to the feet. \{ pinching and pruning were well attended to during the summer months very little will now be required. Several of the last year's shoots, especially those on young trees, have not, by all appearance, ripened well ; therefore it will be necessary to shorten these back to where the wood 6eems to be ripe and hard. Spur in to a couple of budsall foreright shoots, and shorten back weaker growth intended to be nailed to the wall to one- third. Strong fruitful growths should be laid in at intervals all over the trees, as it is from these that the finest fruits are produced, sometimes the first year, but generally the second, and those reserved at the bottom should receive every encouragement to take the place of older branches or of any which may die off. See that every shred or tie is removed if at all likely to pinch, and do not nail too tightly, and drive in as few nails as possible, so long as the branches are made secure. When completed, the next con- sideration is the protection of the flowers ; this, however, we like to defer as late as possible with safety ; but everything will be got in readiness. Strawberries. — Those who make it a practice to plant a bed of forced plants annually, and to destroy about the same quantity, should prepare the ground for them some months before the plantation is made, and more especially is this desirable on shallow soils, as by doing so the soil is consolidated before the planting is done — an important point in the cultiva- tion of Strawberries. Light ground should be deeply trenched, and have abundance of rotten manure placed in between the lower and the top splits, the surface soil being left in as rough a state as possible. If the soil be of an exceptionally liglit character, a few cartloads of clayey loam, well incorporated with the soil as the work is being done, will prove of real benefit to the ]jlants. Ground well prepared at the winter season, usually requires very little more attention at planting time. A light fork over on a fine morning, and then a good firm treading and a rake over being all that need be done. The plants may be quickly planted with the trowel, taking care to ram the soil firmly about them. A moderately deep heavy loam will require but little preparing, but a heavy cold soil should be trenched deeply and have an abundance of lime rubbish, burnt refuse, road- scrapings mi.Ked with it. Manure should also be added, but this should not be decayed, a strawy manure being beat for such soils. Winter Dressiiuj of Fruit Trees. — It is advisable to dress all fruit trees iufected with scale or other in- sect peats before the buds become advanced, as a much stronger solution may be used witli safely. Peach and Nectarines trees should be taken entiri-ly from the walls, and liave the young shoots carefully sponged over with soapy- water and sulphur, the old branches being thoroughly scrubbed \sith a much stronger mixture. For this jturpose we find nothing better tlian soapsuds, siil)ihur ami peti-oK-iini. This must, however, be thoroughly mixed together, and be used at tiie following rate: — To every 4 gallons of soapsiuls add one GO-sized flower-pot of petrolruni, and about the same quantity of sulphur. If there are no scale upon the trees, a good wash of suds and sulphur will be fully sutlicient in most cases, taking advantage of fine mornings to do the work. H. Mark/tarn, Mt'reti^or/h Castlp, Kenf. The Kitchen Garden. Seed Sowing. — If not already done no time should be lost in sowing a pinch of Cauliflower seed in a gentle heat ; Veitch's EarlyForcing, Early London, Eclipse, and Autumn Giant, are all good for present sowings ; Cabbages Stuart & Mein's No. 1, Ellam's Early, Little Pixie; Brussels Sprouts; Lettuce Tom Thumb, All the Year Round, Paris White, and Green Cos, may also be sown in heat. In sowing these seeds shallow boxes or pans should he made use of, and these when the plants are through the soil should be at once put on a shelf close to the roof- glass of the house or pit. As soon as the plants nie fit to handle, they should be pricked ofl' into box(S or a frame, and afl'orded the slightest amount cf bottom-heat. Failing this, they may be accordtd a place in a Peach-house or vinery, where the tem- perature does not exceed 55°, keeping them as close to the light and ventilators as possible. French Beans. — Do not allow the pods to get too large before gathering them. Give the plants in fruit weak dung-water at every alternate watering, and sometimes a dusting of Thomson's manui e. Successional crops should be earthed-up and staked as they advance in growth. When the plants aie in blossom do not make use of manure, but as socn after as the pods are set. Continue to sow in suc- cession according to the demand; 7 or 8-inch iiols are quite large enough for the present sowings. Stand the pots in a warm place till germinatii n has taken place or the seeds will damp, allei- wards putting them on a shelf near tiie li^ht Kidney Beans at a little later date may be sown in shallow boxes of the width of the shelves. Far mi-ic produce can be obtained by this method than ly employing pots, and the watering takes less tinn . After trying all early varieties recommended fir forcing purposes I find no variety so reliable or productive as Osborn's Early Forcing. Toiuatos are more in request every year, and there are few places where they are not grown for use in the kitchen, for salads, and even for dessert, and the: e are sometimes worse things to be found there tli^n a well ripened Tomato. Tomato growing is a \i^ry simple aftair, provided a span-roof or lean-to house is at command. Here they may be trained up ti e roof. Wliere the roots are confined in a small spcce and^the soil is not too rich, feeding with manure- water and top-dressings are easy matters. Kegular attention to pinching the lateral shoots and thinnirg oft' the fruit where too numerously produced is ill that is necessary to secure a good return. Like tl.ut other species of Solanum— the Potato, it is subject lo disease, but this is chiefly brought about by afl'urdii g the plant too much water and stimulant? of tr.o great potency, but when once it has appeared on a plant it is the wisest course to destroy the plant. The tops of early sown plants if they are spindly maybe used for propagation, and some small quantity of seed may be sown for succession. Orange field Dwarf, though not a handsome variety, is one of the earliest varieties we have yet; Trophy, Criterior, Green Gage, Golden Queen, and Excelsior will be found trustworthy varieties for pot culture up till Christmas. The Tomatos are grown here on the rafters of the Fig and P-^ach-houses, and from two sets of plants we secure a plentiful supply from the end of April to the end of December. W. M. Liutic^ Luton Ilori, Beds. 80 THE GAEDEKERS' f'HROKICLE. [Jascaht 19, 1889. Advertisers are specially requented to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be yuaran- tced for advertisements occupyiny less space than an entire column. SUBSCRIBERS TO ^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -*■ leho experience any dijficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint ). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 4-2, DRURY LANE. GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Currespotidents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is "GARDCIIRON, LONDON." Now ready, In clotb, lis. 6d. J "HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series. JULY to DEC, 1S88. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellinnton Street, Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. SATURD.Vy, Jis. 26{^Yli.'etin°''""''' ^°°''''^' °''"'"'''' SALES. {Imported and English -gro«n Lilies, at Protheroe ami Morns' Rooms. {Imported and Established Orchids (some in Bower), at Protheroe & Morrib' Rooms. /Lilium anratnm from .Tapan, Tu- \ beroses, Dwarf Roses. Fruit Trees, Lorder Plants, and Bnlbs, at Stevens' Rooms. (Lilies, Roses, &o., at Protheroe &. Morris' Rooms. ( Established Orchids (many in DAY, .Iax. 2lJ Flower and Bud), at Stevens' WEDNESDAY, JAS. 2.'!, 1 First Portion of the BarvinsPark .Tan. 2.^^ Colleotion of Orchids, at Pro- l First 5^ Col ,.. „. „.^,..,.,, t tliei'O & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FRO.M THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 33", The arrangemraits of the Eoyal The Schedule of Horticultural Society for the cur- Tlie Royal Horti- •',.., cultural Society. I'ent year have now been issued, and are to be had on application to the Hon. Secretary, 117, Victoria Street, S.W. The first point to be noted is that, owing to the renumbering of the houses in ^"ictoria Street, the offices and library are at 117, Victoria Street, instead of 111, as heretofore. Some of the meetings will be held at the Drill Hall, .Tames Street, as liefore, while others will be held, as we have already announced, at the Temple Gardens, Jlay 30 — .31 ; Chiswick (Rose Conference), July 2 — 3; .Tuly 9, Chiswick, in connection with the Chiswick Horticultural Society ; September 24 — 20, Chiswick (Vegetables); November 12—13, Chiswick, Chrysanthemum Centenary. In glancing over the programme we cannot but be struelc with the evident signs of the energy which the Council has displayed during the past year. Its labours we know have been extremely onerous, and no one who peruses the arrangements now put forth will deny to the member.s of Council unstinted praise for the zeal and devotion which have already resulted in great impro\-ement in the machinery and organisation of the Society, and which are full of promise for the future. The programme before us opens with a brief history of the Society, a summary of its methods of work, and a recouiital of the mode of election and privileges of I'ellows and Associates. Then follows a useful road-book, showing how to get to the Society's Gardens at Chiswick, accompanied by a serviceable railway map. A summary of the work proposed to be done at Chiswick during the ensuing year is printed in another column, p. 75, together with the details of a proposed experimental trial with Artificial Manures, to be accompanied by a certified chemical analysis of the manures employed. This is a very important matter, but a few points seem to have been omitted, which, as there is still time to supply the deficiency, we shall do well to name. In the first place, the soil should be analysed before the trials are instituted, so as to afford a standard of comparison. "We recommend this from a recollection of other trials of a similar nature in the gardens which were partially vitiated by the circumstance that the soil was too rich, even though means were then made to render it less so. For experiments of this kind the soil oan hardly be too poor. The next point is, that nothing is said as to the cost of the manures — a vital point from a prac- tical point of view. In a series of analyses of various popular fertilisers undertaken for this journal some years since it was found -that while all or most of the manures were found more or less well adapted for the purpose in- tended, yet, that there was very considerable difference in the price, and, in some instances, the cost would have been out of all proportion to the results obtained. This is of little consequence in experiments on a small scale — flower-pot experiments — but would be of serious import- ance when large quantities are involved. As to the Journal of the Society, we are delighted to see that it is proposed to recom- mence the publication of some regular official record of the Society's work. What has been published of late years is exceedingly valuable, but its value has been sadly diminished by the irregularity of issue and by the circumstance that the fact of publication has not been sufficiently made known. It may be well to remind Fellows and others that several numbers which contain matter which may safely challenge comparison with the contents of any publications of a similar character, may still be had on application at the office. The Lindley Library is in the hands of trus- tees, and is rich in horticultural and botanical works, available for the use of the Fellows, and, under certain regulations of the general public also. The Library cannot be alienated or dis- posed of while the Society exists, but its annual income is very small, and any donations of books or funds would be welcome. The re-institution of a series of popular lec- tures, as announced in another column, p. 7G, will form a welcome addition to the privileges of the Fellows, and may develope into something worthy the dignity of the Society. The Committees have been reconstituted as usual each year, but with this important change, that in future members of all Committees must be Fellows of the Societj'. The first to be men- tioned is the Scientific Committee, which is essentially a committee of referees, comprising, entomologists, botanists, chemists, and repre- sentatives of most branches of science, which have any bearing on horticulture. These gentlemen are most of them not speci- ally interested in horticulture, but cheerfully give their serx'ices for the general benefit and therefore we think it unfortunate that the same hard and fast rule should have been adopted with them as with the other committees. The numbers of this committee remain the same as last year, the new members being Mr. AV. T. Thiselton Dyer, Director, Eoyal Gardens, Kew ; Professor Michael Foster, Mr. .1 . G. Baker, Kew ; Francis Darwin, H. J. Elwes, Professor E. Frankland, Dr. Gilbert, F. Du Cane Godman, Dr. Hugo Miiller, Dr. Francis Oliver, Mr. Osbert Salvin, Mr. G. .1. Symonds, Mr, Harry Veitch. These names, added to those already on the rota, com- prise a committee, we should think, without e(fual as to the repute and scientific standing of its members in the case of any society in the world. Nevertheless, the list as now issued shows J the inexpediency of enforcing in this case the rule we ha\'e alluded to. Considering the great im- portance of those plant diseases dependent on parasitic fungi, it is weak precisely in the place where it ought to be strong — we mean in the de- partment of mycology. The retirement of Mr. George Murray and of Jlr.Worthington Smith will be specially felt in this department ; while the absence of Colonel Clarke not only from this but from any of the other committees is a serious omission, as is also the entire default of any mem- ber of the staff of the Natural History Museum. The Fruit and A'egetable Committee consists of forty-one memljers as compared with thirty- one last year, the new members being Sir Charles Strickland, whom we are specially glad to wel- come Ijack ; H. Balderson, W. Bates, George Bunyard, G. Cliffe, Malcolm Dunn (Dalkeith ) ; P. "W. Fairgrieve (Dunkeld) ; J. II. Goodacre, C. Haycock, .7. Hudson, F. Lane, J. Mclndoe, I'. Moore (Bexley ) ; N. Sherwood, W. AVildsmith, ,Tesse Willard,and G. Wythes — an excellent selec- tion, and which ought to do something to dispel the mischievous delusion that metropolitan in- terests are alone catered for. The Floral Committee has forty-one member.^ this year as against thirty-one last, the new members lieing Mr. W. JIarshall, Mr. .''^. Barlow (Manchester); Messrs. Burbidge,Blair(Trentham'): Cannell, Castle, Douglas, (iirdlestone, Ingram (Belvoir) ; Kelway, Laing, Leach, Lindsay, Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh ; E. Mawley, !■'. Ross, Harry Turner, H. AVilliams, 'W. II. Williams, (Salisbury). In addition there arc the Narcissus Committee, the Rose Conference Committee, and the Vegetable Conference Com- mittee, for the names of the members of which we must refer to the programme. AN'ith reference to the committees who have to make the awards some .alterations h.ave been inatle. The First-class Certificate is retained, but a significant hint is given, certainly not too soon, that the committees heretofore have been too lavish or not sufficiently discrimin.ative in their awards, and the same remark applies to the medals. A second award, called the " Award of Jlerit," is instituted, which is intended to .apply to plants worthy of commendation, but not reaching to the standard required for a First-class Certi- ficate. AA'e rather doubt the success of this modi- fiation, but time will show. Gold, silver, and bronze medals, are henceforth to be given, in quite e.rceptional cases, for objects of e.rtraordinary merit. The italics are not our own. Another innovation, and one which has our hearty approval, is, that henceforth the names present at each committee shall be published, together with the numbers of those voting for or c TJ r m z m > O m z pt 73 v. o X o z o CD 00 U3 J.^NUARV 10, 1880.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 81 ao;aiiist a particular plant. This will do soiiie- thing; towards obviating the scandal of a plant obtaining or losing a Certificate in a full com- mittee on the \-otes of two or three members only. The regulations for exhibitors at the com- mittee meetings or shows, and who may be Fellows or outsiders, are given in full, as also for the larger exhibitions and for the several colla- teral shows of Primulas, Auriculas, Roses, Carna- tions, Picotees, and A'egetables. In the case of the Primulas and Auriculas, Carnations and Picotees, the exhibitions will be made in large measure by or under the auspices of the societies devoted to those specialties — a wise proviso, which will lead in time, we hope, to a federation of all the special societies with the central body. It is not within our power to publish all these regulations, but we recommend those of our readers interested in the matter to procure the Schedule and see for themselves. The great show at the Temple, weather per- mitting, is sure to be a grand affair, and the several Conferences at Chisw-ick on Roses, A'egetables, and Chrysanthemums, can scarcely fail to excite great interest. Remembering the great interest felt in the former Conferences on Orchids, Primula,^, Apples and Pears, held under less happy condi- tions than the present, we can hardly doubt that similar interest will be felt in the ensuing season. We must confine ourselves now to a mere outline of what is proposed, reserving the opportunity of criticism on points of detail till another time, but that the programme bears evidence of the desire of the Council to meet as far as possible the wishes that have been from time to time expressed, and to adopt the sug- gestions that have been offered, is obvious, and it affords some little evidence of the vast amount of work which has been done in the past year by the Council in the attempt to reorganise the Society. It is impossible to suppose that every- one will be pleased with the result, but any one one who can recognise and appreciate constant hard work, good will, and thorough devotion to the Society's interests, will be ready to give to the Council and its energetic Secretary the meed of praise that they have, in our opinion, tho- roughly well earned. For the fulfilment of the other items in the ideal programme calculated to render the Society a true exponent of horticul- ture in general instead of certain departments only, as at present, we must be content to wait. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti- tution.— At the meeting held at Simpson's Hotel, Strand, on Wednesday, January 16, Herbert Adams, Ksq., V.-P., in the Chair, the following statement of the receipts and payments of this Institution for the year ending December 31, 1S88, was made : — £ s. d. e Dh, To Balance, 1SS7 Annual Subscriptions . 1320 11 o Donations at and ill con-ef|uence of an- nual dinner ... 819 -T G Collecting cards at do. 287 9 n I. e s. square feet, and the Vine yielded in 1888 about .3000 bunches. There is also an illus- tration of the interior of the house. In BAXiRONS Vines and Vine Culture it is stated that the Vine was planted in 1832. Royal Horticultural Society of Aber- deen.— The ]uize schedule for the Grand Ploral P&te, to be held under the auspices of this Society in the Duthie Public Park, Aberdeen, on August 22, 23, and 2-1: next, has just been issued. There are in all 236 classes and 70S prizes. The special prizes, of which there are about twenty, consist of Silver Cups, Silver Medals, &c. The money prizes amount to nearly £150. The special features of this year's fete will be the large table of plants, bouquets of wild flowers by boys and girls under sixteen years of age, working-class window plants, &c. A large number of hon. vice-presidents and lion, directors has been added, and tlie appeal for donations has been well responded to. Manchester Horticultural Improve- ment Society.— At the meeting of this Socitly on December 20, Mr. Birkenhead read a paper on "The Functions of Leaves under the Influence of Sunlight," pointing his remarks on the physiology of leaves by some practical observations on the bar- barism of cutting off Crocus leaves after flowering, and of the injudicious pruning of roots and branches. The " Garden and Horticultural Ga- zette," a paper published in Manchester, is now lu be issued weekly, at one penny. It contains full reports of tlie doings of the Manchester Ilorticultuial Improvement Society, and a series of original articles on various subjects in the form of prize essays. Cudrania triloba as a Silkworm Plant. — This is the Silkworm Thorn, known in Chinn ns tlie " Tea" tree. It is evidently of wide distribution in China. Dr. Henry says it is common about Tchang, where "it is considered to be as good for silkworms as the Mulberry, but is not used so long as Mulberry leaves can be got, because the tree is thorny, and it is troublesome to pick ofl' the leaves. It is hence given chiefly to adult silkworms, and as Mulberry leaves soon become finished, it is much used." Tlie tree belongs to the Artocarpeic, and attains a height of about 20 feet. The leafy shoots, probably more especially from near the base, are often armed with strong, stout, straight-pointed .USTARY III, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 83 axillary sj.iiifs. It is tlguri'il in the October nuinbcr of IIooKEicV lames VUnUavuui, ISS^, t. 17'.*-. A Gigantic Ice Plant.— In the part uC Hoouiiu's Icones Planiarn.ri just published Mr. N. E. Brown describe^', under the name of Mesombryan- theuium Harklyi, a species of this genus that is of more than usual interest, not only on account of its size, but for the manner in which it is economically made use of. This species is a native of Namaqua- laud — a region where many vep^table curiosities grow — and bp.-eimens and drawings of it were sent to Kew by Sir Henry Barkly in L*^!'"'. which fully bears out tiie account lie gives of it. According to Sir Henry Barkly the habit is somewhat peculiar, the main stem rises to about 2 feet in height, dividing into flowering branches at the top, whilst mar the base a whorl of branches spreads all round on the ground, the branches being a yard or a yard and a half long, and over 1 inch thick, so that a single plant will measure G or 8 feet in diameter. The elliptic- oblong leaves are very large and thick, growing to as much as 15 inches long by li inches broad, and are quite entire. The flowers are borne in erect cymes; they are about 1}—- inches in expanse, aad bright purple. The dried stems are very light and pithy, and are used by the natives as fuel. But the chief interest in the plant, apart from its great size, resides in the fact that the "leaves are so juicy that it not only furnishes the cattle with moisture in that dry country, but is used by Europeans in travelling fur the purpose of washing, and even drinking, the water squeezed out being devoid of taste." Thus we have in South Africa a plant containing water that may be used for drinking or washing purposes, in the same way as is aftbrded by the Cactacea3, and some woody climbers (Bauhinia for example) of America. The National Chrysanthemum Society. — A meeting of the General Committee took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, E.C., on Monday, the 14th inst., Mr. E. C. Juees in the chair, a very large number of members being present. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, the Hon. Secretary, Mr. AV. Holmes, read a letter from the President, Mr. E. Saxderson, repeating his desire to resign. After some discussion a reso- lution was passed unanimously to the effect that the committee invite Mr. R. Ballantixe, the pre- sent Vice-President, to accept the Presidency of the Society, and that, in the event of his declining, a President and Vice-Presidents, with a Chairman and Vice-Chairman of Committee be nominated ; and that a sub-committee be appointed to ascertain suitable names for President and Vice-Pre- sidents, and further to consider and advise as to the revision of the rules and regulations of the rules and regulations of the Society when necessary. — such sub-committee to report to the General Com- mittee. It was also resolved that such sub-com- mittee consist of Messrs. Castle, Jukes, and Wyxne. The sub-committee appointed to lay down a basis of negotiations for the provincial show reported they had received applications from Hull and York, and they were of opinion that that from Hull should be entertained. The basis laid down was that the National Chrysanthemum Society should contribute the sura of £50 as prizes in open classes ; that cer- tain open classes should be provided in the schedule of prizes, the amount jointly awarded amounting to just over £100; that the sum of £10 should be allowed for necessary expenses incurred by the National Society, that the exhibition should be announced as the Provincial Show of the National Chrysanthemum Society, and that all members of the latter should be entitled to compete in the open classes, and have free admission to the show : the National Society to print and circulate the schedule of prizes ; any further matters of detail to be submitted to the Secretary of each Society, and one member chosen Irom each. In case of failure in these negotiations with the Hull Society, then the committee of the Ancient Society of York Florists to be approached. The bub-commitloe was ins-tructed to carry out the details of the proviuciul show. The Devon and Exeter Botanical and Horticultural, and the Lewes and DistrictChrysauthenium Society were admitted to alHliation, and seven now members were elected, bringing the total up to ^\>^. The Hon. Secretary suggested the re-arrangement of the Dahlia classes at the September show, in order to meet the wishes of the amateur growers ; and it was agreed that, as the Hon. Secretary .and other members of the com- mittee were members also of the committee of the National Dahlia Show, the opinions of the latter should be taken on the matter. Special prizes from Messrs. E. WEnn & Sons, Stourbridge ; and C. FiDLER, of Reading, oflVred at the November show, were accepted. Mr. IIkmjy Cannell announced his intention to offer the sum of £5 in special prizes for Primula sinensis at the midwinter show in January, 181)0, The judges for the November show were nominated, and a reserve judge in each division also. A vote of thanks to the Chairman closed the pro- ceedings. The "ORCHIDIENNE."~The fourth meeting of this society was held on Sunday, the 13th inst., at Brussels. Certilicates were awarded as follows: — First-class; — To Cypripedium Morganiai, from M. Jules Hye ; to Oattleya Trianai Lucianiana, to C. Masereeliana, and Lycaste sp, nov., from Messrs. E. Vervaet Si, Co. ; to Odontoglossum sulphureura, from M. Peeters ; and to O. Heleneanum, from M. Ilalkin. Second Class : — To Cypripedium Stonei Hyeanum, from M. Jules Hye ; and to C. Roebelini longi- petalum, from M. Linden, Brussels. The English Apple and Fruit Growing Company (Limited).— Tlie statutory first general meeting of the company took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, E.G., on the 11th inst., Mr. C. J. Heald, Chairman of the Board of Directors pre- siding, supported by Messrs. J. Cheal and J. Ixoberts, Directors, and a fair representation of shareholders. The notice convening the meeting having been read, the Chairman stated that the present meeting was a preliminary one, as required by the Acts of Parlia- ment regulating limited liability companies. The first application by the promoters was for the sum of £25,000 ; of this amount nearly £4000 worth of shares had been applied for by ninety-four shareholders, among whom he was happy to state there were forty- four practical horticulturists — men who know what can be done with the soil. For want of adequate capital the Directors had to give up the contemplated purchase of Speed Gate Farm; butthey were looking about, and intended to take 100 acres of land suitable for fruit culture, as near London as possible, hiring the same on lease with option of purchase. They had three or four available sites under considera- tion, which were being thoroughly inspected. It was their intention to erect glasshouses, and grow fruit and flowers, and other subjects that will yield a quick return and command remunerative prices. On every hand there were evidences that land devoted to fruit culture could be made to pay well when properly managed ; and the Directors were sanguine that their venture would issue in equally satisfactory results. The Fruit Conferences held during the past year had called attention to the importance of an in- creased culture of fruit and the principles laid down at these Conferences by practical fruit growers were the very ones they were seeking to apply in practice. He had every reason to believe that in a very short time they would have secured suitable land at advantageous terms, and be able to commence planting trees and erecting glass without delay. So far the company had been worked upon the most economical lines, and that end would be kept steadily in view throughout all their trans- actions ; consequently the Directors would not accept fees until a dividend had been declared. The Board regretted the resignation of their colleague, Mr. A. F. Barron, who had taken an active part in promoting the company. In conclusion, Mr. Heald assured the shareholders that nothing would be wanting on the part of the Directors to give the shareholders entire confidence in the future of the company. Jlessrs. J. Chealand J. Roberts having also spoken, expressing themselves most sanguiiiely as to the ]irospccts of the Company, it was moved by Mr. Jesse Willard, and seconded by Rfr. J. Eraser, ofKew, "That Messrs. Heald, Cheal, and Roberts, be, and are, hereby re-elected." This was carried unanimously, the Chairman announcing that pro.xies to tlie number of nearly 500 votes had been sent in by forty shareholder in favour of tiie re-elecliou of the Directors. The Chairman and Messrs. CInal and Roberts briefly acknowledged tlie vote. A vote of thanks to the Directors, and to the Chairman for presiding, closed the proceedings. The Empress Frederick.— On returning from the visit to the Queex at Osborne, her Imperial Majesty was presented with a bouquet of Orchids by Mr. Serle, the manager of tlie London and Brighton Railway Co. The bouquet contained a great variety of flowers, and was supplied by Mr. H, Appleby, of Dorking, Surrey. The Oxford Carnation and Picotee Union. — It appears from the annual report and balance-sheet of this union just issued, that 320 subscribers produced an income of £142 .%., and the balance from the sale of the Ivilmurry ^'ellow Ground Seedlings was £64 lis., making a total of £203 14.^. The subscriptions have grown from £70 10^\ \jd. the fiiat year, to £1 12 os. the fourth. The prizes awarded in the year just closed amounted to £61 \bs., and a balance of £15 Gs. ^d, is carried forward in addition to £53 'is. Sid. from the .sale of the Kilmurry Seedlings. One hundred and eleven new members had been enrolled during the year, and the total number is now 335. The sum derived from the Kilmurry Seedlings is to be set apart for prizes, especially for yellow ground varieties, and there will be two classes for six blooms each. The exhibition for 1889 will take place in Mr. Dodwell's garden at Oxford, on Tuesday, August 6, and the prizes for single blooms will, for the future, be eight in each class instead of five as heretofore. Cape Forest Laws.— -4;;ro7305 of Mr. llARnr Bolus' excellently illustrated work on the Flora of the Cape Peninsula reviewed in these column?, ar.d which will be such a great assistance to so many who make the study of botany a pastime, a correspondent writes from Cape Town ; — " I think you will be in- terested to learn what a wonderful machine our Cape Government is — capable like an elephant's trunk of lifting a cannon or picking up a pin. Formerly, I and many others made a very reason- able pleasure out of inspecting the flora of Table Mountain, which is Government land, and occasion- ally bringing away a few specimens. Unfortunately a few athletic young gentlemen in the Civil Service ('AuKY will be 'Akry wherever he goes), also made it their practice to climb the mountain every week, and a rivalry arose whereby Smith would try to get mo>e Disas than his fellow-clerk Jones, and would destroy the flower-spikes he could not carry away, all to * do ' Jones completely. Jones is naturally annoyed, and fancies that the botanisers and their agents are at the bottom of the clean sweep made of the material for his Sunday bouquet. Actually this has resulted in a section of the Forest Act, which for niggling folly is perhaps unparalleled even in forestry laws. Here is the text of the defini- tion of ' forest produce ' which may not be touched under penalty : — Game, fish, minerals, stones, earth, trees, timber, firewood, wattles, kraal wood, branch wood, slabs, chips, sawdust, plants, giass, Reeds, thatch, Rushes, bedding, peat, creepers, fibres, leaves, moss, flowers, Ferns, fruits, seeds, roots, bulbs, galls, spices, bark, gum, resin, sap, charcoal, honey, wax, shells, horns, ivory, and generally any- thing growing or contained in the forest.' ! ! ! Any- thing else ? Could it not be enacted that the respect- able subject or botanical student should be blind- folded before going up to further atone for the stupidity of a few ' snobs ' who could easily have been stopped without enacting such absurdities." 84 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jantarv 10, 1R.=!0. Book Notice. Roses. Veitch's Manual of Orchidaceous Plants.- Part IV. Tribe Cypripediae. This issue of Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons' excel- lent work may fairly lay claim to being the best of the series yet issued by them, for notwithstanding the well-kuown complicated condition of the genus Cypripedium, the task, has been grasped in such a clever and lucid manner as to render the 108 pages contained in this part of the work a boon alike to botanists and to gardeners. It says much ior the forethought of the authors that the plan fixed for the first part — Odontoglossum — has been followed in all the others, no amendment having been deemed necessary either by the authors or the public, who have so largely patronised the work, and who are, perhaps, the best judges of such a matter. The work before us is illustrated with some forty excellent illustrations of the leading types — many of them full-page— those devoted to the species in their sections being followed by excellent portraits of the leading hybrids which, by comparison with each other, and with the illustrations of the species from which they are obtained, convey much informa- tion in a very pleasant form. Coloured maps of the region the Cypripediic inhabit, with the names of the species over the locality in which they are found, or, as in the case of Cypripedium Mas- tersianum and C. Farrieanum, where they were supposed to have been found, for with these and a few other, there is as yet no definite record. These maps also, with the aid of the clear exposition in the letterpress, are very interesting in following out the theory that the Cypripediie known to us, and now found wild, are the remains of a genus undergoing a gradual extinction in Nature, but if we may judge by the wonderful list of garden hybrids which Messrs. Veitch so admirably attempt to classify in their work, likely to be saved, and given a fresh start by the hand of man, at any rate, in gardens. The work begins witli a masterly review of the genus as a whole, and properly estimating the Selenipedia as a section likely to be merged, as foreshadowed by the approach made in C. Sanderia- num to the ordinary type, and by the fact that hybrids have been raised between the two sections (the Indian and the South American species), although they have not yet flowered in gardens. The chapters on the botanical status of the genus and the geographical distribution are followed by an enumeration of the species, their varieties and sub-varieties, about each of which, it appears, that a large amount of informa- tion, botanical, cultural, and general, is fairly and briefly stated ; in fact, it may be said that the work under notice contains the essence of most that has been elicited on the many-sided question of Orchids up to date elaborated by the light of that experience which Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, as the oldest and largest firm of Orchid importers, growers, and hybridists, must necessarily possess. References to Dr. Pfitzer's works, and to the anatomy of the stigma as demonstrative of its threefold nature, are omitted, but will hardly be missed in a work of this character. In a brief review it is impossible to enumerate the good features of the work, and as it is open for all who are sufiiciently interested — and what gardener or plant lover would not be ? — to obtain a copy, neither is it necessary to attempt it. We look through its pages in vain for something to find fault about, and, considering the difficulty of the subject, and the requirements it is intended to meet, it could not have been better handled. Labour and outlay seem to have been the last consideration in its production ; let us hope that subscribers will not be slow to do their part as an acknowledgement of the enterprise. * Manual of Orchidaceous Plants Cultivated under Glasft in Great Britain. Part IV. Cypripedium. .Tames Veitch & Song, Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Eoad, Clielsea, London, S.W. A PLEA POR THE OLD OR COMMON MOSS ROSE. It needs courage to write the statement, and yet it is true that the old common Moss Rose is the best of all that class, absolutely and relatively. The con- stitution of the Moss Rose has also withstood the shock of centuries, the fall of thrones, and the crash of empires. Whilst as to her rivals and contempo- raries, who shall say how many have come and gone since the red-letter day when the common Moss was clothed with its new grace and higher beauty? And yet not only the old common Moss, survives, but even the same plants abide with us, enriching us with their beauty, and satis- fying us with their sweetness through a life- time. I write within sight of an old Moss Rose that has not failed in its rich harvest of bloom once in the last forty years. At first it stood alone, it then became the attractive centre of a considerable border of Roses. Of the latter it must be written that within the last forty years all of them have come and gone, not once, but many times— the Moss alone has lived and bloomed on, if not for ever, at least through all these long years, and to-day it looks as like living for another forty or fifty years as ever. This extreme hardiness and longevity of the common Moss is assuredly one of its greatest merits. And its culture and propagation are as simple as its life is long. True, it does not strike fine cuttings very freely, nor sweetly. But what of that, when it suckers so freely? — and suckers are in this Rose e(iual or superior to cuttings, not only in strength and longe- vity, but in floriferousness. Any one that can grow a Gooseberry bush may, and can grow a Moss Rose ; and those who have no other place to grow the common Moss, may grow them very successfully round about or among their Gooseberry bushes. The finest, fullest, sweetest common Roses ever seen by the writer were so grown. The common Moss thrives well on Gooseberry fare and culture. Feed the roots and prune the tops when you feed and prune your Gooseberries, and all will he well with your Moss Roses, Put in cuttings also at the same time and in the same manner, and you will be fairly successful. You will not root your Moss Roses so freely as you will your Gooseberries, albeit you will root some, and these, with suckers, will furnish sufficient plants; though, to be sure, no garden ever yet had any excess of common Moss Roses ; ior by planting them in different soils and in different sites, from sunny South to stormy North, a long succession may be obtained. But however greatly the season of the common Moss may be thus extended, the common Moss is by no means a perpetual bloomer, and most of them are hardly worth naming in comparison with it. Older rosarians will be glad to hear that the old JIoss Rose is not only one of the most charming of all our Roses in bed or border, but also forces fairly well in pots. For blooming out of season it ranks on a level with the old Cabbage, which latter is a noble companion for the common Moss and the White Bath or Unique in the open. The common Moss is slower to move out of time or season than any of the Teas and most of the perpetuals. But though somewhat slow it is specially sure, and the harvest of beauty and fragrance is so rich and satis- fying as to be well worth waiting and watching for. Most readers have known or may know the delights of a feast of common Moss Roses in Jime ; with a little more skill, cost and care a yet sublinier bliss of common Moss Roses may be revelled in from March to midgummer. Bosa. Roses in tue Rock Gardtcn. Jt is, I think, a very important matter in writing about a rock garden, and plants which are suit- able for it, to consider of what sort it is, for there are rockeries and rockeries. There are rock- eries, such as at Ivew and at Floore, which are so extensive that anything may be grown on them ; there are rockeries wliich are devoted to what are ordinarily termed alpine flowers, although the Alps is a very wide term, and you might notice in a few rockeries very many things which in some gar- dens would be utterly out of place. I remember once seeing an alpine height reared in front of a house which was intended to give you the idea of a Pine-clad mountain, but which was a complete failure, as maybe imagined when scarlet Pelargoniums and other half-hardy things were used to fill up the spaces on it. Where the rockwork is bold and large, the Roses of the rampant sort may be freely used, but where it is limited in extent and more dwarf in character, then their employment is a matter of question, at least, so far as regards some of the truly alpine sorts. Thus, I once planted Rosa pyrenaica on my rockery ; it was there for two or three years, s]>reading about in all directions, but at last it became so intolerable a nuisance, throwing itself up in the midst of small- growing alpines, and making itself so generally dis- agreeable, that I was at last obliged to dig up the whole space which it had occupied, and to plant it again, leaving out the defaulter altogether. Rosa alpiua, I fancy only a variation of this, is equally an offender. In the same way I should never be tempted to introduce the Scotch Rose to any small rockery, and still less the Japanese Roses of the rugosa type, although I have seen the use of these advocated, but they are constantly throwing up suckers, and are utterly unsuitable for small rockeries. Some have advocated the use of the Polyantha Roses which have been raised from the single Polyantha crossed with Tea Roses, but I think these have too artificial a character for the simplicity of a rock garden; we do not expect to see double flowers there, bat those which we might meet with in a a ramble on the Alps or Pyrenees. Of course, other people may not take this view, but to me it seems that these flowers are out of place in such a situation. It will thus be seen that there are but few of the species of Rosa which can be profitably used in the rockery of a small garden. One very seldom sees the dwarf fairy Rose, R. Lawrenciana, in such a situation. Its shining, glossy leaves and brilliantly-coloured flowers make it a very conspicuous object, although dwarfish in habit; but there is the objection of its being double. One often sees these Roses lan- guishing in pots or in some corner where they are obliged to put up with neglect, but tlie rock garden seems a very suitable place for them, and their continuous flowering gives them a value which is wanting to many of their congeners. i?. he rhcrhlifoHa = llardii. — There is probably no more beautiful Rose for the rockery than this, if only it were perfectly hardy ; in some parts of the country it is, but 1 question if it is to be generally accounted a hardy Rose. One often gets considerably disap- pointed by things being described as hardy without any reference to the part of the country which is written about. We are told to try them and those prove to be false lights that we have been trusting to. I do not think even so fur south as East Kent is that this Rose is perfectly hardy ; but then we are much afflicted by the cast winds; further to the south and west I believe it to be perfectly able to stand our winters, especially if a little protection be given to it. It deserves a good deal of care, for it is very lovely ; the colour is a pure bright yellow, and at the base of each petal is a dark mauve spot, so that at a distance it is not unlike some of the smaller flowered Cistus, such as algarvensis. I have not grown it in sufficient numbers to test its hardi- ness as it ought to he tried, but it is well worth adding to a collection. Mr. Backhouse evidently does not consider it to be perfectly hardy so far north, as he does not include it in his list; and Messr.s. Paul & Son's verdict on it is that " it seems hardy, but requires a south wall ; " if this be so, it will hardly be at home on a rockery. R. liicida. — Tliis charming' Rose is pretty in every stage ; it has very bright glaucous foliage .TANTAnY 111, 1889.] THE GAliDE NEBS' CHRONICLE, 85 which remains so lon'^ on the plant that it is almost evergreen; the flowers are a bright rosy-pink, and the tips are bright reil, and roundish in form. There is a nearly allied form in Kosa nitida. It has the same shining foliage, but is not so robust in growth and may yary well be added to the rockery without incurring the charge of sameness. 7t\ Bii/i/criiuia and its closely allied form, K. nigricans, are Koses wliioh come very near to K. spinosissima in their general character. The foliage is very pretty, and the sniail white flowers are very freely produced. ii\ pimpineUifolia, another of the very spiny Uoses, The flowers are blush coloured, and the foliage small, so that it makes a pretty plant for the rockery. In Xtcholson's Dictionary of Gardenimf it is indeed given as a synonym of K. spiuosa. These are the few Koses which I think are suitable for the rockery where the limits are small, and the present is a very good time to obtain them. The season has been hitherto so delightfully open that there is no difliculty in planting, while of course, as they are hardy and grow naturally in nil kinds of places, there is no great ditHculty as to soil ; but the wild Kose with us seems to rejoice in a good stifl'soil, and these will all grow well on heavy soil, and thus may then be left to take care of themselves. Those which I have advised persons to avoid are apt to usurp the places designed for others. There is — another closely allied plant which is very charming, but had for the same reason better be avoided Kuhus anticus : nothing can be more sweetly innocent than its neat looking foliage and modest pinkish flowers, but woe betide the grower deceived by these appearances if he be possessed of a small rockery — it will insinuate itself into all sorts of nooks and crannies, and is as much in the way as the common Bramble of our hedges and woods would be if it had the same chance. Wild Bose. Rose Niphetos, and Otheks. This, one of the whitest of Tea Roses, is a very free-flowering and useful Rose, the half-open flower- buds being' greatly valued for button-holes and bouquets at all times, and particularly in winter and spring. A plant growing in a 14-inch pot in sound red loam, and in a small stove, the shoots being strained to wires placed within G inches of the roof-ghss, is and has been producing for several weeks past large numbers of buds, Celine Forestier and William Allen Richardson are also two excellent winter and spring- flowering Noisette Roses, being superb in the bud, in which state they should be cut. The plants give good returns for liberal waterings with warm liquid manure at the roots, and an occasional top-dressing with Beeson's manure, clear water being used during the growing season. Slips of the young growths taken oft" now, and inserted round the sides of 3-inch pots filled with fine samly loam, and surfaced with dry sand, so that some may fia,U to the base of the cuttings when these are inserted, and after being watered plunged in a box of sawdust placed over the pipe in a forcing-house, and covered with glass, will soon take root. When duly rooted, the young plants may be potted singly in small pots, and the same kind of loam, and kept in moderate heat for a time. A shelf near to the roof is a good place for them. Repotting may take place in the spring when it is required. H. W. WorO . Forestry. CONSUMPTION OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS. The Belgian Biilkiin dit Mitscc Commercial, as cited in the Society of Arts Journal, gives the following information respecting the number if sleepers nsed on various railways. In France alone the six larger railway companies require a daily supply of more than 10,000 sleepers, making an annual consumption of over 3,650,000. As a tree of ordinary dimensions cannot furnish much more than ten logs, it follows that more than a thousand fine trees are cut down every day solely for the purpose of supplying the necessary sleepers for the French railways. In the United States the amount required is stiil greater. Over l.'),000,000 sleepers are annually used in this country, thus necessitating the annual destruction of ,'^0,0110 hectares, or 107,600 acres of forests. The Biittclin dii Mus(e Commercial estimates at more than 40,000,000 the number of logs required for the railways of the world, and it is considered that this estimate is rather below than above the mark. Home Correspondence. RAINFALL AT ROTHAMSTED.— The rainfall of the year 188S just ended, according to Sir A. B. Lawes' gauge at Rothamsted, which is of one- thousandth acre area, and stands at an elevation of 420 feet above the sea-level, is nearly -1) inches, which is somewhat higher than the average, extend- ing over the past thirty-tive years, and an excess of 8 inches over that recorded in the previous year of 1887. The following table gives the detailed record for each month of the past year, together with the average of the past thirty-live years, and the excess or deficiency of 1888 compared with the average : — liainfaU at Rothmmted, Herts, in Inches. Rainfall, 1888. Average, 35 years. Excess or deficiency in 1888 from average. Indies. luches. Inches. .Tiuutary 0-95 2-56 —1-61 February 0-07 1-63 -0-86 March ii-as 1-75 + 1-53 April 211 2-112 +0-12 j\lay 1-L'S 2-30 -1-02 June i-.-*; 2-38 +2.49 July 3-8.T 2-36 +1-29 .August 3:is 2-52 +0-86 September 1-03 2-67 -1-61 October 1-011 3-16 -2-07 November 4- 15 3-60 + 1-65 December 1-611 2-21 — 0-.52 Total 12 months 28-98 2S-77 +0-21 The sign ( — ) sigiiifie3 below, and the sign (-f ) above the average . The results show that while the total yearly record (lifters but little from the computed average, yet the individual months vary considerably. Six months out of the twelve gave a deficiency compared with the average, while the other six months made up the deficit with an excess. The most notable rain- fall of the year was on June 2(.i, when about 3| inches of rain fell in the space of a few hours. J, J. Willis, Harpenilrn, CLETHRA ARBOREA, LILY OF THE VALLEY TREE. — While on a visit to the west of Cornwall at Christmas time, I was very much struck with tlie hardiness and beauty of this somewhat rare shrub which was flowering abundantly in the open air in Mr. T. B. Bolitho's garden, Treurdden, Penzance. The plant is some 4 to -i feet in height, and was literally covered with its beautiful Lily of the Valley-like flowers. I believe the flowering of the plant in the open air in this country to be a rare occurrence. J. C. M. CRANBERRY GROWING AT ASHBURNHAM PLACE. — It is to me surprising that the subject of this note finds so few cultivators in this country, but this may be due to an erroneous impression that the plants are difficult to manage, except under special advan- tages, and would not find much favour at table in tarts or as a jelly. The first objection can be very easily met by any cultivator who wishes to grow the plants, and to prove that that is so I will simply state my own experience, and I will venture to foretell success to those who follow my practice ; the second objection is disposed of by the admiration expressed by many ladies and gentlemen, and prac- tical gardeners also, who have tasted the cooked fruits, many gallons of which Lord Ashburnham has distributed among his friends. Just imagine what it is to have from October to February a dish of these delicious fruits — this, too, independent of snow rain or frost (frost improves them, by the way). We have four beds here, each 55 feet by 12 feet; a water-pipe is connected with the upper or slightly higher bed, and by means of this sweet water from a lake is brought in which flows through tht* beds in succession, finally finding egress at the end of the lower of the beds, the flow continuing from A])ril to September, after this date the water being turned oft'. The beds dry up in a wonderfully short time, and this fact is not to be lost sight of, as thereby the ripening of the fruit is liastened, and the ripe berries keep better than those partially ripe. An open sheltered position shonhl be chosen for the overflow bed, which should be dug out to a depth of 2 feet, and lay overflow drain-pipes at a height of G inches from the bottom — the latter as well as the sides being rammed firmly, or, better still, cementrd, so that no water may escape below the level of the overflow pipe. Place stout Oak posts at ttie reipiired dis- tance apart, allowing them to stand '1 feet out of the ground, and proceed to make a platform to carry the bed, erecting the latter so that 4 inches of water may rise througli and round the bed. The boards composing the floor should not be nailed closer together than 2 inches, by this means ensuring good drainage for the bed of soil. Over the floor lay ',) inches of broken brick clinkers, and on this material jdace good fibrous ])eat and charcoal broken to an inch square, making .all firm as the work proceeds. Karly in April is a good time to plant. We simply cut oft' the previous summers growth and plant it in trenches, and in September of the year following the beds should bear a good crop, and go on for some years, improving each year. All the attention these beds need is to clear away weeds and moss, seeing that water is supplied at the proper time, and that is kept at the height before stated. So far I have stated how their successful culture is carried out here, but I have omitted to state that one bed is encased in cemented brickwork, which is, in my opinion, un- necessary. I would hazard the opinion that Cran- berries could be profitably grown on peaty land in this country now laying waste. It would simply be necssary to have open drains to convey water on and ort" the beds. That the fruit will grow with even less than this was proved by our success recently with a bed about thirty years old which showed signs of declining. I planted a fresh bed last April, and close by this one, I dug out a hole for another, 20 feet by 6 feet and 3 feet deep^a foot of drainage being placed at the bottom, and on this some furze and faggots were placed, filling up level with the surface with peat, &c. This bed received no water except by sprinkling night and morning, and of the two beds, the latter has done the better ; but it remains to be seen whether it will crop as well in the future. We grow to varieties here, viz., palustris and ma- crocarpa — the former being most liked, its fruits are not quite so acrid as the other, and it is not so strong a grower and cropper as mycrocarpa. H. 7?. Holmes, Ashhurham Garrlcns, Battle. ASPARAGUS ROOTS FOR FORCING— Having found that strong one-year-old roots of Asparagus, if transplanted into well-prepared beds, produced heads the following year little inferior in size — but, of course, less in number — than those from older roots, I took advantage of this wrinkle to secure roots for forcing. Instead of waiting a longer time or lifting well-established beds. For early forcing, I find the 3'ounger roots respond more readily to heat, even early in November, than those of older growth; moreover, I find it easier to find a suflicient quantity of young roots to afford Asparagus for the table, almost daily, from November to the time of cutting out-of-doors, and if there are fewer large heads than from old roots, a much larger number of young roots can be got into a given space to compensate for this. I annually raise plants for forcing from seed of my own saving. In this we are particular to save seed only from the strongest stems. In spring we leave a few of the stoutest heads we can discover on the beds ; stakes are then put to these, and as they grow they are kept tied. From these stems In the autumn the ripest and finest berries are picked, and the seeds washed out and dried ; afterwards, during winter, a sufficient quantity of the plumpest and largest seeds is picked out for sowing. We usually sow as early in March as the state of the weather will admit, choosing a well-cultivated spot somewhat sheltered, but fully exposed to the sun. The seeds are sown thinly in drills a foot apart, and when the plants are up 3 or 4 inches high, some rich light com- post or leaf-mould is laid between the rows ; this keeps the roots cool and is gradually washed in by rains, or watering during hot dry weather. The roots remain in the seed bed until the follow, ing spring, when they have thrown up tops 4 to 6 inches high, they are ge TEE GARDENEHB' CHRONICLE. [JANCAnY lb, l8Si). carefully lifted and separated, and the strongest picked out and planted on a quarter in the kitchen garden that has been, during autumn and winter, manured and well worked over with spade and fork. The rows are 20 inches apart and the plants 1 foot in the row, after planting the rows a light ridge of earth is drawn to them— this supports the young stems— and some Mushroom-dung or leaf-mould is dropped into the farrows between the ridges. By autumn the tops of these young plants are equal in strength to ordinary plants of three or four years' growth. "We begin early in November to lift the roots for forcing and continue to introduce them, at intervals into the forcing-pit or frame, until we can gather supplies from beds in the open ground. Asparagus grown in this v;zy i^ a c:ipital kitchen garden rotation crop, nearly all other kinds of vege- tables grow freely and do well after it. Although we have grown Connover's Colossal, Argenteuil, and other so called varieties, eventually I have failed to see any appreciable dift'erence from the common Asparagus, save in colour, and as regards this, there are two kinds, one having purple and the other greenish-white heads, which is especially noticeable when the growth is young. J. W., Orwell Park, Jjiswich. LOAM should be taken now, as the grass is shortest at this time of year. Lift only a few inches of the top soil, and it will be found that after frosts the grubs, &c., have descended to some greater depth, and that which is lifted is thus fairly free from pests. Gardeners are sometimes under the necessity of lift- ing turf from places where it can be ill spared ; but if taken off during winter, and a new layer of soil put on (refuse soils will do very well), the ground dug over, exi)Osed to a little frost, and finally sown with good grass seeds in spring, a growth will be again secured for the summer-time. I think if this matter were attended to a little more, proprietors would be more willing to break up old pastures. The natural fertility of a soil mainly depends on its composition, yet a soil m.ight contain Large ([uantities of plant food without being fertile— if those elements are in a locked up or unavailable form ; therefore, in select- ing a soil for the cultivation of plants under glass one containing a large amount of readily available plant food is most suitable ; and this may be secured by taking the turf from an old sheep pasture. Where a plentiful supply of this kind of loam exists all is fairly plain sailing; but in its absence it is not diffi- cult to bring a poorer soil np to the same standard. A convenient mode of doing this is, when carting in the loam, to mix in layers throughout the stack manure from the stables, or from fatting bullocks preferably : it should be allowed to lie about a year, by which'time the soil and manure will have become incorporated, and well suited for growing all sorts of soft-wooded plants requiring loam. If a quantity of bone-dust be added with the manure it would much enrich the mass. /''. Ross. EVERLASTING PEAS. — The Commonly grown Everlasting Peas are Lathyrus grandifolius and L. latifolius ( = L. sylvestris platyphyllus), and which are so well known as to need no reference. There are certain others, however, which are not so well known as they ought to be. The broad-leaved L. latifolius has given us a very beautiful white-fiowered variety. Not only is it very beautiful when growing, trained to pillars,' &c., but it is valuable for cutting from. Lathyrus roseus is a brighter rose-coloured flower than the others ; L. latifolius splendens, of a rich glowing rose colour, excels both. Flowering a month in advance of the foregoing are L. rotundiiolius and L. grandiflorus, the former with flowers of bright rose, a native of Southern Russia and the Caucasus ; it has slender stems, and is very free flowering. The latter has bright rose and purple-coloured flowers of a large size, and is hardy and very handsome. Ever- lasting Peas soon establish themselves in almost any soil and position, and on that account should occupy a position where their rapid increase will not do ininry to other less strong growers. William Earlcj, lijor'i. LORD TENNYSON POTATO. — The season for Potato planting will shortly be upon us, when many a cultivator will be set wondering what new v.-iriety he shall try by way of a change. As a main crop variety I would strongly recommend the new Potato, Lord Tennyson, sent out last spring by the raiser, Mr. II. Fletcher, of Annesley, Notts. I have grown it, and have seen it at exhibitions dui'ing the past summer and autumn, and I may say that in every case almost it carried oft' 1st prizes. It is a good late keeper ; the tubers grow to a large size ; white skin, beautifully flaked with purple ; the flesh white and of good (juality ; a very heavy cropper. It was awarded a First-class Certiflcate at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. September 21,1887. "Whilst many varieties of recent introduction have suffered in the past season greatly from disease Lord Tennyson was but slightly affected in this locality. J.F. HELIANTHUS L.CTIFLORUS, OR HARPALIUM, RIGIDUM SEMI-PLENUM. — Last September a flower was exhibited to the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society by Mr. Ware, bearing the above ambiguous title. I think it received a Certi- ficate, and the name became the subject of dis- cussion in the Gardeners' Chronicle. As 1 was responsible for having distributed the plant under the former name, which was discredited by a higher authority, I at once pressed some specimens from my garden, and sent them in December to the keeper of the herbarium, at Harvard University, asking him to be so kind as to compare them with the late Pro- fessor Asa Gray's types, from which the various species of Helianthus had been described in the Flora, of North America. I only added that opinions in England were divided, some referring the plant to H. lajtiflorus, other to H. rigidus; but I named nobody. I have just received the following courteous reply : — " Herbarium of HaiTard University, Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Mass., Jan. 1, 1889. "I have your favour of the 16th ult., with speci- mens of a Helianthus, which I have carefully com- pared with the species in the herbarium as named by Dr. Gray. I can come but to one conclusion, viz., that they should be referred to H. latiBorus. The main differences between that species and H. rigidus are the colour of the disc and the shape of the involucral bracts — yellow disc and lanceolate-acuminate bracts in H. Uetiflorus, purple disc and ovate or ovate- lanceolate acutish bracts in H. rigidus. By these characters there can be no doubt under which species your plant belongs. We have specimens of the two species as they were cultivated on the Continent seventy years ago, and I can see no difference whatever between this of yours and the H.lretiflorus of Hort. Paris in 1818. Serena Watsnn." C. Wolley Vod, Edge Hall, January 13. LILIUM POLYPHYLLUM.— In July, 1887, you pub- lished a note from me on Lilium polyphyllum blooming in the Wisley garden with thirteen flowers and buds on a stem 5 feet 5 inches high. 1 asked for information from any reader who had seen the Lilies flowering at home in India. Several of your readers were good enough to give their experience. I have just received some additional information from Mr. Griffith, of Kolagiri, Nilgiris : he says: — " You mention having thirteen blossoms of L. poly- jihyllum on one stem ; I have never here had more than three, but another correspondent to whom I sent bulbs tells me he has had nine fine blooms on a stem. L. polyphyllum likes to be covered with snow for two or three months in the year, and here they only bloom, as it were, under protest, though they will grow well if protected from sun. Mr. Huflelen, of New York, tells me also one of my L. polyphyllum bulbs gave me nine blooms on a stem." I showed the stem of one bulb at the Scientific Com- mittee on November 8, 1887. George F. Wilson. CHRYSANTHEMUM SPORTS.— 1 have read with much interest Mr. Davis' remarks on the floral colouring of the Chrysanthemum (p. 40-41), and beg to supplement his remarks by saying that, without a doubt, yellow is tlie original or primary ground- colour of these flowers. There is really no such colour as white, a white petal being composed of tissues from which the primary colours, the red, yellow, and blue pigments, are absent. Mr. Davis is singularly unfortunate in his illustrations ; for example, he says, "a true red must be a self-colour, as, for instance, the scarlet I'elargonium." Now the colouring of a scarlet Pelargonium is not a self- colour, but, in reality, a thin film of purplish-red cells overlying a pure white ground-colour. Anyone can prove this by tearing a petal across diagonally, and the only way we can obtain pure scarlet is (m these conple sauce " (or " sarce '"). AVhat is the precise meaning of that phrase ? Do they have barrels of Apple sauce, and how do they do it ? I wish some kind, Transatlantic friend would enlighten us on the mat- ter, by putting us in the way of cheaply preventing half of our Apple crop from going to waste every year. If " a penny saved is a penny got," so an Apple saved is an Apple got. I therefore urge the case on behalf of the children — let alone the parents — and would say, what a grand addition would thus be made to the happiness, as well as to the stock of wholesome food of the rising generation. W. M. BEGONIA GIGANTEA ROSEA. — As seen in the conservatory of Captain Edmonds at Eastcote, Pinner, this is a noble plant for winter work, its large trusses of rosy-crimson flowers being carried well above the massive shiny green leaves which also constitute it an ornamental plant when not in flower. It was certificated to Mr. Cannell, of Swanley, and Mr. Fry the gardener grows a lot of it, as it is a handsome robust plant not easily matched for a large conserviitory. CannelTs White Perfection, Fern- leaved Primula, which is plentifully displjiyed on the side stages makes a \\n& contrast with the Begonia above-mentioned, and the brilliant scarlet of the Poinsettias and the graceful sprays of Calanthes and a few other Orchids. J. O'B. HERSACEONS PLANTS.— Replying to Mr. Horse- field's note (p. 21), permit me to explain that when I stated his front row would be " nearly bare for nearly nine months ot the year " I had in my own mind turned out the Tussilago as unworthy a place in the select border, and seeing that another writer has protested against its admission into the herbaceous bor- der, it remains for those planting it in such a position to await a season and see the folly of their ways. This refers to T. fragrans, the best use for which I have indicated at p. 1334, vol. iv. T. farfara variegata is rarely recommended, for its seed is as great a pest as that of Groundsel, and but for its foliage, which is certainly handsome when well coloured, every atom should be most carefully searched for and burnt. And now a word as to what Mr. Ilorsefield calls my "random statements'' at p. 21. For many years I have asserted that I would under- take to make a border gay for at least nine months of the year when iilanted exclusively with hardy perennials, but Mr. Ilorsefield undertakes to provide flowers for eleven months witli a dozen species and a few varieties which he has not named. As showing the variety he would give to a beginner, 1 may point outthat si-K of those named have blue flowers of vary- ing shades; the Hellebores are white in midwinter, the Iberis white, tinged with lilac or])urple; the Ili'p.aticas, pink, white, and blue ; while Veronica reptans I do not know — this is most probably a misnomer. I regret to find that your correspondent has curiously extended the times of flowering. Did Mi-. Horee- field ever know a jjlant of Gentiana vei-na to Hower for two months in succession 'i I have had hun- dreds of this plant in my charge at one time, JANt'.vuv lU, 1889.] TUB GAUDENEnS' C HI? ONI CLE. 'S7 but never in my most sanguine moments did I ever hope to see the flowers with me for more than one month. Again, when has Jfr. Ilor^efield seen C'liinpannla carpatica in flower in April or October ? I gather my seeds ot these in the latter month, and in open wea- ther there may be in a bed 4 feet long half-a- dozen straggling blooms, but this entirely depends on the presence or absence of frost. There is a wide difference in the times of the tlowering as given by your correspondent and myself; for instance, the llepaticas are stated to flower for a ppriod of three montiis, but the half of that time is near the mark. £. Jcn/cins. ANTHRACITE COAL.--After reading the remarks of your correspondent, " \V. H.,"" in the Gardcvers' C^?v7ia/c of January 0, p. -0, on fuels and stoking, it occurred to me that ant.hriicite coal has been in use for gardening purposes to a larger extent than manv might be aware of. During the last twelve years we have iisvd nothing else, except we by chance have run short before the next supply of coals came, we have then filled up the deficiency by usiuij coke for a day or so. If this change of fuel happened in cold weather, tlie majority of the tem- peratures were found to be wrong in the morning. This Welsh coal requires a little patience and perseverance at first. Xo doubt there are diflVrent kinds of anthracite, some burning more freely than others ; that we have used is slow burning, and it is therefore wise to start the fires in time. I have made it a rule that the fires should be attended to soon after 2 p.m., so that if any were low they could be got into order before the evening, after which time there is little trouble with them until the next morning. One of the first drawbacks we had to contend with was the fire-bars expanding so much that they twisted out of their prop.T form. I dis- covered the cause of this was that the ash or cinders falling into the ash-pit, retained a much stronger heat for a considerable time longer than the cinder of ordinary coal or coke, thus having a fierce heat both at the top and under the fire-bars; the latter were almost melted. The best remedy I could think of for dry stokeholes was to have the ash- pit cleared out often; and in order to make it more convenient and pleasant for the stoker, I had the pit formed as follows: — At about G inches from the furnace front inside a drop was made 6 inches deep, this dip being carried forward under the bottom door, and sloped up outside at about 18 inches from the furnace front, the lower pit being about 1 foot wide ; arranged in this way there is no excuse for the stoker to let the hot ashes remiin under the bars, as they can b^ drawn down into the lower ash- pit to cool. There is no unpleasant dust or sulphur. Of course it is necessary, when desirous of checking the fire, to let sufficient ashes stop in the pit to block the opening. The boilers in use here are of the saddle form. I have always considered it best to set the boilers in pairs, that is, instead of having one large boiler, to have two connected, the combined power of which would be equal to a large one twice the size of either. The temperatures can be kept more under control, and two smaller boilers are more easily managed than one double their size. We have also provided against a breakdown by having fuUwav screw valves attached, so that if one boiler became disabled, we could screw down the valves aud still continue working the other boiler. C. Woolfonl. I was somewhat interested in reading in the Gardeners' Chronicle, December 29, p. 766, Mr. Thomas Christy's experience in the use of anthra- cite coal. I am of opinion that there are still many who have not ventured to give it a trial who cannot form any idea of the advantages derived from its use. Of course the mode of stoking for the anthracite is very different to that for coke, conse- quently a slight difficulty will creep in here, but when this is once overcome the results are widely apart. I quite endorse Mr. Christy's remarks regard- ing the raking system, which is so cirstomary with those who have been used to coke fires. To make the anthracite coal a success this should not be resorted to, but when once placed on the fire it should be allowed to remain and gradually burn down, and, as Mr. Christy observes, be regulated by the draught. When visiting Mr. B. S. Williams' Nursery, Hol- loway, in ISSl. I found that they were using the Diamond anthracite coal ; they informed me that they used no other fuel. I obtained the address of the person from whom they obtained their supply, and placed this before my employer. We had a truck for trial. The results proved so favourable, that we continued to use it. From that date up to the present I have induced many gardening friends to give a trial, and 1 believe with one exception they are still using it. To have the supply from the proprietor, no doubt, must be an advantage, as the same quality may always be relied on. J. Chnrchfic/d, '27, yorth Terrace, Lower Si/d ■uJtn n. Societies. BOYAL HORTICULTURAL. Janmry 15. — This, tlie lii'st of the year, was also a very small meeting, in so lar as regarded the objects brought before the various committees ; the Drill Ilall, Westminster, consequently presented an un- wonted appearance, but the usually comfortless aspect of the place was banished by roaring fires in the two lii-ejilaces. The Fruit and Floral Committees, both made powerful by the addition of ten new members to each, met in full force. Floral Committee. Present : W. Jlarshall, Ksq., in the chair ; and Jfessrs. J. Fraser, C. I'ilcher, H. Ballantine, ,J. Dominy, H. M. Pollett, J, O'Brien, E. Hill, K. B. Lowe, T. W. Girdlestone, J. Douglas, W. H. Williams, C. Noble, I{. Dean, W. Holmes, B. Wynne, L. Castle, H.Herbst, J.Laing, H.Cannell, H. Willhams, E. Mawley, G. Nicholson, F. Koss, J. Leach, G. Paul. T. Baines, Shirley Hibberd, and J. Walker, M. T. Masters. Some lovely spikes of Lajlias came from Baron Schroder's gardens. The Dell, Egham. These con- sisted of L. Dawsoni, ij. Sanderiana, L, anceps, L. Percivalliana, and L. Schroderiana, and were in the fine condition we are ahvays accustomed to observe in Mr. Ballantine's plants. Jlr. Parkes, gr. to H. M. Pollett, Esq., Fernside, Bickley, exhibited two plants of rather remarkable Odontoglossum crispuni, the one, rubro-maculatum, has the ground colour of sepals and petals white, upon each of which there is an irregular shaped, comparatively large patch of chocokate-brown ; the lip has a small, roundish p.atch of the same hue. Bickleyense has a creamy-white ground on which, on sepals and petals, a large, also irregular light brown blotch appears. It had both large flowers and a large spike ; both varieties have showy and effective flowers, and were well done. From till? gardens of Lord Itothschild, Tring (gr, Mr. E. Hill), came cut llowerspikes of Ph.alrenopsis Eothschilliana (P. Schilleriana X P. Aphrodite- .amabile ol Lindley). All parts of the flower are white, except the lip, which is faintly spotted with brown. The total expanse of a good bloom was 2 inches ; and the foliage resembles that of P. Stuartiana. From the same collection, was Vanda Amesiana, with fonr blooms on a spike ; the sepals and petals are "white with a very faint suffusion of rose colour ; the lip, magenta, was _^bent at the margins downwards, causing an apparent lessening of its width. The foliage, about 8 inches long and k inch wide, was dark green, and deeply channelled. Some few examples of Messrs. Cannell & Sons' latest advances in Chinese Primula raising, were much admired, although in the much frilled and voluted segments there is considerable departure from the type demanded by the older florists. The colours are admirable, and the flowers have much substance ; and in only one instance was the disfigurement of the pin eye observed. The plants were exhibited merely as types of new strains. This mode of showing a few plants — or one only, of any particular strain, new hybrid, or species, is far preferable to showing the same in great masses as is sometimes done. P. s. carinata elegans is a seedling — long sought for — from P. s. punctata. It has fine carmine coloured flowers, with a pentagonal eye ; P. s. Princess Mary, and Queen's Favourite are of varied shades of pink, the latter having the deeper tone ; P. s. Swanley Mauve has good quality, and plenty of foliage of the usual stamp ; P. s. Her Majesty has fern-like leaves, and white, much-frilled blooms. The eye spoils it, but more rigid selection of seedling blooms may lead to improvement here. A pale yellow, double-flowered Bouvardia, named flavescens, came also from Messrs. Cannell's. It will be useful as a variety, especially for small bouquet work. A group of a semi-double flowered Primula, named Miss Inez, was exhibited by Mr. J. Knight, The Oaks, Epsom ; it has very pale flesh-coloured flowers, which are freely produced. Two flower-stems of Billbergia decora came from Sir G. Macleay's garden, Pendell Court, Bletchingley (gr., Mr. F. Ross). The flowers are inconspicuous, the beauty of the plant being in its bracts, of which there are 8—10 on an inflorescence. These are about 3 inches long, and 1 inch wide, and of a rosy-scarlet hue : the foliage is green, with numerous specklings of white. First-class CEHTificATEs. To "Vanda Amesiana, from Lord Rothschild. Votes, sixteen to three. To Primula Swanley Mauve, from Messrs. 11. Cannell & Sons. Votes, eleven to eight. Awards of Meuit. To Piimula Miss Inez, from Mr. J. Knight. To Primula Princess Marv, from Messrs. U. Cannell & Sons. Fruit Committee, Present : R. D. Blackmore, in the chair ; and Messrs. H. .1. Veitch, .1. Roberts, W. Bates, J. Cheal, G. Clift'e, W. Denning, ,J, Burnett, T. J. Saltniarsh, W. Warren, G. T, Miles, ,S. Ford, G. Bunvard, C. Ross, G. 'H'ythes, Harrison Weir, F. Lane, J. Willard, F. Moore, P. Crowley, P. Barr. The Rev. R. W. \Vilks, Vicarage, Shirley, Croy- don showed three fruits— well preserved— of Pear Doyenni5 d'Aleni;on, the characteristic rich russet marking of the rind being well brought out. It is a tender buttery pear, if somewhat gritty at the core, and valuable for its late keep- ing. It is a good grower and bearer. Mr. W. Allan, gr. to Lord Suflield, Gunton Park, Norwich, showed four bunches of Jlrs. Pear- son Gr.ape unusually well matured, and showing the rich amber tint of the variety in that eventuality. It is an excellent frnit, but the long period required to ripen it precludes its general cultivation. The ex- hibitor received a Cultural Commendation. Mr. C. Davis, gr. to the Rev. H. Arkwright, Bodenham, Leominster, showed a plateful of a seed- ling Apple, named Bodenham. It is a rich-coloured fruit, above medium size ; of its quality we cannot speak. HOW TO PEODUCE IN M.^lY EARLY rOTATOS WITHOUT THE AID OF GLASS. I HAVE been doing ray best for the last three or four years to stimulate or intensify early Potato production in warm sheltered nooks in the "southern portion of the County Cork, aud I have always been told the climate was quite equal to it, and indeed that in former times throughout Kenmare Bay, extending into Bantry harbour, and about Crook- haven, the common " white Pinks " were often brought into Skibbereen and other markets from May 10 to 15. If this can be done with the variety White Pink, that, to my mind, is only a .July variety, why can it not be better done if we use the follow- ing method of cultivation and an earlier selection of sorts, such as Myatt's Ashleaf Kidney, Early Ver- mont, or Beauty of Hebron ? F'irst of all, we must select warm, sheltered, southern slopes, trench, dig, manure, or lime, the soil during winter, and throw up raised beds of 4] feet in width, ridged to the sides from a 2-foot centre. The furrow or alley should be also 2 feet wide, in which " hillocks ' should be formed 1.5 to 18 inches apart, and on which hillocks the Potato sets should be inserted, using good stable manure. By the end of March and first week in April the Potatos will appear well above ground, when a little artificial manure should be .applied, and the stalks drawn to or earthed with a draw-hoe or c/riffawn. The only danger then to ije dreaded is white frost and cutting easterly winds, and any experienced per- son can tell of the approach of frost, when a few rough mats got from corn stores, or platted reeds or rushes, laid down across the beds, will protect the st.alks, '..hat are by design in hollows ; in fact, every raised two beds, with the mats so placed, covers one hollow, and all such raised beds can be planted with young Cabbages, Leeks, Onions, or Broccoli, the latter planted out the previous autumn ; and the very fact of having green foliage on each THE GABDENER8' CHnONlCLE. iJANrAHY 19, 1889. side of the Potato sets acta as protection and shelter for the tender esculent, as the leaves of all Brassicas absorb frost, and there is no lost ground on small plots by adopting this plan. The very fiict of getting from Qxl. to 9(/. per lb. for the Totatos sent away in neat boxes to Dublin, Edinburgh, or Belfast by parcel post in INIay repays the trouble ; and when the Potatos are dug from the farrows. Savoy Cabbage, Celery, and Brussels Sprouts can occupy the position, to be taken from the soil later on. 1 would advise all our landlords by the sea coast to grow Escallonia macrantha from cuttings put in during October and November, and afterwards distribute the plants in spring, for fencing and protecting the warm, sheltered nooks of the south coast. It is already being done on the Derry estate in Kosscarbery, and no other plant or shrub yields so good a maritime protection. One fact to be considered, and which I forgot to mention above. How forcibly the sun's rays will catch and ripen the Potatos thus placed on " hills in hollows," and how concentrated the heat becomes in the warmsunshine of an April morning. The idea is original, and has never been practised unless by your obedient servant, and it may also be practised in the South of England. W. B. Hartlmul, Temple Hill, Cork {ill Cork paper). PHAL.ENOrSIS AMABILIS. In the history of Phalojnopsis amabilis given by Jlr. J. Douglas at p. 4.5, two different plants are unfortunately mixed up, as Cuming's Manilla plant is different from the one of Rumph and Blume there mentioned. These two latter represent what Mr. Douglas mentions a few lines later as P. grandi- flora. The confusion which has arisen between these two plants is fully discussed in my " Revision of the Genus Phalffinopsis," in these columns, in 1S8G (U.S., vol. xxvi., p. 168 and p. 212). A few points may be here repeated. Phalienopsis amabilis is a name originally given by Blume in 1825 {Bij'dr., p. 294, t. 44), to distinguish a plant found on the small island of Nusa Kamban- gan, off the coast of Java. The same plant had been figured and described by Rumphius, seventy- five years previously, as Angraicum album majus {Herb. A.nh., vi,, p. 99, t. 43, .\ii., 1750). This author remarks that he found the plant growing, in the island of Amboyna, on short, thick trees covered with moss, up which it turns like a rope, and from which it hangs down in entangled tufts. In 1753 Linn.-cus described it in the first edition of his famous Species PlanfaruM, p. 593, as Epidendrum amabile. The type specimen (still in an excellent state of preservation in the Linnean Herbarium) had been sent to him by Osbeck, who obtained it on .January 19, 1752. at the western extremity of Java, where he touched on his voyage home from China. Osbcck's account of the plant, and the curious circumstances under which he obtained it, are given in my jiaper above cited. Roxburgh transferred the plant to Cymbidium, and Blume founded the genus Phalai- nopsis for its reception. In 1833 Lindley had the plant all correct in his Genera and Species of Orchid- aceous Plants, and there is not the slightest con- fusion until five years later. Then a plant which had been sent from Manilla by Cuming flowered in Jlessrs. RoUissons Nursery at Tooting ; and Lind- ley, instead of describing it as a new species, wrongly identified it with Blume's jjlant, not yet in culti- vation. When, however, ten years later, this latter plant flowered for the first time in this country, Lindley saw its distinctness, but, not perceiving the error into which he had stumbled (Bot. Reg., 1838, t. 34), he described the new-comer (the plant actually figured and described ninety-eight years before) as P. grandiflora {Gard. Chron., 1848, p. 39, fig. 1). For the further history of this confusion, and corrected synonymy, I must refer readers to the paper above cited (excluding, however, P. casta, leucorrhoda, and Sanderiana, from the list of sup- posed varieties of P. Aprodite, and replacing them as hybrids), merely adding here that P. grandiflora is none other than P. amabilis, the original plant of Blume, the Cymbidium amabile of Roxburgh, the Epidendrum amabile of Linnicus, the Angrtecum album majus of Rumphius, a plant known eighty-eight years before the Philippine plant was described at all. The spurious P. amabi- lis, the Philippine plant, has been rechris- tened P. Aphrodite by Professor Reichenbach, and why should we not adopt the change now we find out our error ? I am told " This )uay be all right for botanists, but let us keep the spurious names (or gardens." Why'should we ? " Well, gardeners will not change their names; you must be content to have one name for science and another for gardens. In this case it cannot be helped. ' But why not ? I would ask. Gardeners want names by which they can distinguish their plants, and these names they are content to accept from the books and periodicals that come in their way ; and once get these names corrected in the books the rest will follow. Mr. Nicholson, in his excellent Sictionary of Gardening, has had the courage to adopt the coriection, and I have little doubt the Messrs. Veitch will follow suit. In this case there is some hope of the names righting themselves in time, when the gardener will understand what the botanist is talking about, and the reverse. Some inconvenience will be felt at first, though less than will result from a continuation of the present illogical nomenclature of these plants. The longer the correction is deferred the more difficult to effect it becomes. S. A. Bolfe. Law Notes, ARNOLD ti. WHITE. This case was heard before the Lord Chief Justice and Mr. Justice Hawkins in the Queen's Bench Divi- sion on the 14th inst. It was an appeal from the County Court of Devonshire. The plaintiff, a market gardener, claimed from the defendant, a salesman in Covent Garden, a sum of £5G 14s. for Primroses sold him on the occasion of last Primrose Day, but he reduced his claim to £50 in order to bring his action in the County Court, which resulted in a verdict for the plaintiff. The question arose upon certain tele- grams. One from the plaintiff, on Tuesday, April 17 (the 19th being Primrose Day), was to the eft'ect: — " I can sell you, to arrive on Wednesday, 500 dozen at 9r/. a dozen. Wire sharp." On the same day the defendant telegraphed—" I will take all you cansend to-day, to-morrow at 'id. dozen." One dispute was whether this meant to-day for to-morrow," or " to- day and to-morrow." One lot arrived in due time., and a cheque for £19 19s. was sent in payment, but there were disputes as to other lots, and it appeared that two cheques the plaintiff had received lie had not cashed. Their Lordships reduced the amount of the verdict to £17 7s. lOd, on the understanding that the cheques held by the plaintiff should be cashed. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending .fan. 14, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather has been very dull generally with a good deal of haze or mist. Rain fell in all parts of the kingdom during the first part of the period, but subsequently the conditions became drier, although slight rain was still reported from some of our eastern stations. Snow and sleet were experienced over England during the 12th. " The temperalitrc has continued slightly above the mean in the north and east of Scotland, but in nearly all other districts it has been rather below. The highest of the maxima, which were registered either on the 8th or 9th, varied frem 45° in ' England, N.E.' to ,52° in ' Ireland, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands.' The lowest of the minima were recorded in most places during the early morning of the 8th, when the thermometer tell to 21° in ' England, E.,' and to between 24° and 29" in most other districts. In 'England, X.W.' the minimum was 3l)°, and in the ' Channel Islands ' 31°. " The rainfall has been more than the mean in ' England, N.E.' and over Ireland, but in most other districts a deficit is shown. "■Bright sunshine has been very deficient--especi- ally over Great Britain. The percentage of the pos- sible amount of duration ranged from 12 to 23 in Ireland, and from 2 to 14 in Scotland. In ' England, N.E. bright sunshine was quite absent, but in the other English districts the percentage ranged from 4 to 21." [Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period named, and ia expressed in Day- degree — a "Day-degree" signifyinK 1° continued for twenty-four honr^, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperatpbe. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Jan. 14. Accumulated. DiSTBIOTS. It ¥ It n li = a ■- .5 :'■ lit- Si Principal Wheat pro- ducing Diatricta. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 1 iibove 3 2.5 + 4 — 20 1. Scotland, E. ... 1 above 0 36 — IJ - lu 2. England, N.E. ... 0 (aver.) u 29 — 11 + 6 3. England, E. ... 1 below U 37 — 11 + K 4. Midland Cos. ... 1 below IJ 34 — 19 + 46 5. England, S. 1 below 1 27 — 19 — 29 Principal Grazing, &c.. Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 1 below 0 25 - 12 — !t 7. England, N.W.... 1 below 0 22 - 17 4- 2 8. England, S.W.... 1 below 6 22 - 29 4- 2.5 9. Ireland, N. :i below ■i 31 - 21 4- IS 10. Ireland, S. 1 below 19 IS — lli 4- 1.5 — Channel Islands 0 (aver.) 22 4 + 1 — 5 Rainfall. Bright SrasHIME. Districts. Hi r £•= . .= 01 a. d S .So-: ■gi-s EH m ^§1 m Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch. Ins. 0. Scotland, N. ... 1 less fr 0.9 14 I.') 1. Scotland, E. ... 2 less .•. 0.0 2 14 2. England, N.E. ... 3 more 7 0.8 0 B 3. England, E. ... 0 (aver.) 6 0.5 ■I 10 4. Midland Cos. ... 0 (aver). 4 0.6 lU 12 5 England. S. ... 1 less 5 0.6 13 15 Principal Grazing, &c., Uistricts. 6. Scotland, W. ... •1 ICM 5 1.2 ,•1 8 7. England, N.W.... 6 less 3 0.2 13 li 8. England. S.W.... 2 le.H 4 0.9 21 22 9. Ireland, N. i more 7 1.4 12 W 10. Ireland, S. 3 more 0 2.0 23 38 — Channel Islands 0 (n\er.) 6 0.9 22 45 ©tiituara?. James KiDD. — We regret to have to announc^ the death, at t^unterbury, of Mr. James Kidd, late ofl^ the E.NOtic Nursery in that city. Mr Kidd died onl January 7, aged fifty-eight years. Mr. Kidd, wel believe, was in former days gardener to the Earl of Airlie, and was beloved by those who knew him for his upright principles and gentle character. January lH, 1880.] TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 89 Rev. Churchill Babington. DD. F.L.S.— We regret to learn of the deaMi on Sunday morning last of this gentleman, who was well-known in archaeo- logical circles, and in botany as a lichenologist, chiefly. The reverend gentleman was brother to Mr. Cardale Babington, the well-known Professor of Botany at Cambridge University. in 1888 : — Wheat. Oats. ir«. Wd. 3U. Ad.; Barley, .SOjs. tW. Markets, COVENT GARDEN, Janmry 17. Trade very quiet, prices remaining unaltered. Jame4 Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— AVERAGE Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. I s. d. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 6 Grapes, per lb. ... 0 15- 2 (i — Cuiiada and Nova Lemona, per case ...13)1-31 0 Scotia, per barrel 5 0- 12 0 Pine-apple3,Kng., lb. 16 3 0 Cob3. 100 lb. ...100 0-110 0 I —St. Michael, each 3 0-80 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Lsparagus, Enr;lish, per lUO 0 4- , 0 5- , 0 8- . 5 0- ... French. bundlelS 0- ... Beaus, Jersey and French, per lb. ... 1 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 1 0- J 0 Carrotd, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle... 16-30 Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- ... Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ... GreeoMint, bunch... 1 0- ... Herba, per bunch ... 0 6- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 i- ... Lettuce, per dozen ... 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... { PoTATOS.— Beauty of Hebron, SOs. to 1005. ; Imperators, to 90s.; Dunbar Regents, 110s.; do. Magnums, 1205.; York Magnums, 100s. per ton. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Mustard and Cress, punnet Onions, per bunch .. Parsley, per bunch... Peas, French, per lb. 1 U- Potatos, percwt. ...4 0- — kidney, percwt. 4 0- — new French, lb. 0 6- Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- Seabale, puuaet ... 2 tS- Shallota, per lb. ... 0 6- Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- 5 0 6 0 705. and Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 A7.aleai. doieu ...24 Chrysanthems., doz. 4 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena tenninaiis. per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica byemalis, doz. 13 — caffra, dozen ... 6 — gracilis, dozen... 8 Euonymus, in rar., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphyllums, doz. ...18 Cut Flowers.— s. Abutillons, 12buu.... 3 ArumLilies.l2bloom3 4 Aialeas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias. per bun. 0 Camellias, I'J blms. 3 Carnations. 12 blms. 2 Christmas Roses. 12 blooms 0 Chrysant hemums. 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 4 Eucbaris, per dozen 3 Gardenias. 12 blooms 13 Heliotropes, 13 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria, 13 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr.. bun. 3 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 13 buu. 3 d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 0-18 0 Ferns, in var.. doz. 1 0-18 0 0-15 0 Foliage plants, vari- 0-42 0 ous. each 2 0-10 0 0-9 0 Ficufl elastica. each .16-70 0-12 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 9 0-12 0 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 0 0-60 0 Lily-of-Val.,doz. pts.lS 0-30 0 0-24 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-12 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-12 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Poinsettias, dozen ... 9 0-15 0 0-18 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanuma. dozen ... 9 0-15 0 0-24 0 I TuHt-s, dozen pots ... 6 0- 9 0 0-30 0 1 Average Wholesale Prices. s. Mignonette, 13 bun. 2 Narcis., paper-white. (French), 12 bun... 3 — double. 12 bun .. 1 Pelargoniums, la Bpr. 1 — scarlet. 12 spr.,.. 0 Poinsettias. doz. ... 4 Primulas, dbl... 12 sp. 1 Roses. Tea, per doz. 2 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red, per dozen ... 1 — Safrano. dozen... 2 Stephanotis. 12 spr. 12 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 Tulips. 12 blooms ... 1 Violets, 12 bunches... 1 — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme. Fr., bun. 6 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 6 d. s.d. 0-6 0 0- 8 0 j 9- 1 t]| 9- 1 SI 0- 6 0 1 0- a 0 6- 1 6 6- 3 0 0-12 0 0-6 0 0-18 0 6- 1 0 0- 1 6 6- .-) (] 0- 7 0 9- 1 6 U- 6 0 1 d. s.d. U- 4 U (»- 6 0 6- 3 0 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0- 9 0 0- 1 6 0- 6 0 U- 4 0 0-2 0 0- 3 0 0-16 0 6- 3 0 c- 1 6 0- 1 6 6 3 0 D- 7 6 0- 9 0 SEEDB. London : Jan. 16. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane. E.G., report to-day,s market thinly attended, with no great amonnt of business passing. Values all round con- tinue exceedingly firm, and the future of this season's trade is regarded by holders with great confidence. In red Clover seed the tendency of values continues upwards. Alsike and white are dearer. Slightly higher [prices are asked for foreign Italian. The rates demanded for Kcenigsberg Tares are considered prohibitor}', consequently there is more inquiry for winter vetches. Peas and Haricots are without quotable change. For Bird seeds the sale keeps slow. COKN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending January 12 : — Wheat, 30a. 2d. ; Barley, 265. 8^. ; Oats, 16s, ^. For the corresponding week FRTTIT AND VEGETABLES. SriTALFiELDs : Jan. 16 — Large supplies of all kinds of greenstufts. Trade very slow indeed. The Potato trade a little firmer in prices. Supplies not quite so good. Quotations : — Cabbages, Is. 6rf. to '2s. Qd. per tally; Savoys, Is. Qd. to 2s. ^. do.; Greens, 3s. to 3«. 9d. do. ; Cauliflowers, lOii. to Is. per dozen ; Broccoli, Bd. to Wd. do.; Brussels Sprouts, M. to Is. 'M. per half-sieve ; Spinach, Is. to Is. &d. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. to Is. 6rZ. per punnet ; Parsnips, 6d. to Id. per score ; Turnips, Is. 6(i. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. &d. to 25. do. ; Parsley, 25.to 3s. do. ; Beetroots, &/. to 9d. per dozen ; forced Rhubarb, Is. to Is. 6rf. per dozen bundles ; Celery, 6s. to 12s., do. ; Horse-radish, \0d. to Is. id. per bundle ; English Onions, 4s. to 4s. Gd. per cwt. ; Dutch do.. 2s. 'Jd. to 35. .3rf. per bag ; Belgian do., 2s. 9rf. to 3s. do. ; pickling do., 35. (id. to 45. &d. do. ; Endive, Is. &d. to 2s. per dozen ; Carrots, 18s. to 325. per ton ; Mangels, IBs. to IBs. do. ; English Apples. 3s. to 5s. per bushel; do.. Is. &d. to 2s. 6rf. per half-bushel ; American do., 6d. to Os. per barrel. POTATOS. BoEOUGH AND SpiTALFiELDs I Jan. 15. —Supplies continue moderate and the trade steady, with very little variation in prices. — Regents, Scotch, SOs. to 125s. ; English, 6.5s. to 95s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to 115s. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 120s. per ton. Spitalfields : Jan. IG.— Quotations : — Regents, 70s. to 110s. ; Imperators, 70s. to 90s. ; Champions, bbs. to 65s. ; Hebrons, 70s. to 90s. ; Magnums, 55s. to '.•Os. per ton. Stratford : Jan. 18. — Quotations : — Scotch Regents SOs. to lOOs. ; do.. Magnums, 70s. to 105s. ; do., English, light soil, 60s. to SOs. ; Elephants, 65s. to SOs. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week consisted of 200 bags from Hamburgh, 2 from Rotter- dam, 20 packages from Flushing, and 60 from Malta. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime old, 120s. to 145s. ; do., good second, SOs. to 110s. ; do., inferior, 405. to 70S. ; do., new, Sos. to 110s. ; do., inferior, 60s. to SOs. Hay, prime meadow, 120s. to 130s.; do., new, 8O5. to 105s. ; do., inferior, SOs. to 70s. ; straw, old, 42s. to 49s. ; new, 28s. to 425. per load. Enquiries. « *' He that questioneth much shall learn much." — BaCON. Manures foe Market Gardens. — Can any mar- ket gardener give "Manures" the benefit of his ex- perience with artificial manures for market garden crops, more especially for Strawberries, Currants, Gooseberries, Raspberries, Plums, Apples, &c.? Heating Glasshouses. — I purpose erecting a set of glasshouses about 150 feet long. Can any of your correspondents give me their experience in heating with steam from a vertical boiler which would run a dynamo for the dwelling-house ? Oaks. Notices to Correspondents. AcHiMENEs : A/nateur. There is no need to enquire which is the " right end " of the tubers ; but in planting them thickly in shallow pans of sandy peat and leaf-mould finely sifted, first press the soil down slightly and make level ; then lay the tubers horizontally, and about one inch apart, over the surface, covering them with half an inch of the compost. When the plants are 2 inches high trans- plant them in bunches of two or three plants, or singly, to properly prepared baskets, pots, or deep pans. Books: J. T. The publishers' name (Longmans. Green & Co.) is given in brackets. — G. K. G. Kcw Bulletin. The price is 2d. Sold by Messrs. Eyre & Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, Fleet Street. Box Trees : J. B. Cut in midwinter, and dry very slowly in the shade — a barn or thatched shed is best. Chrysanthkmums for Scwmer : J. B. See our Calendar for the Flower Garden last week. Colours of Fi.ou*ers : Mcrtcns ^ Co. There is no work dealing specially with this subjecj. Daisies on Lawns : W. J. P. Watson's lawn sand is, we believe, a kind of manure of a nitrogenous nature, which has the effect of causing rapid leaf development in plants. On lawns the effect is most noticeable in the grasses which are generally in the majority in turf ; these grow with vigour and choke the weeds out of existence in time. In very dirty lawns the scythe is to be preferred to the mowing-machine for a season or two, the smother- ing of the grasses taking efl^ect in less time when it is allowed to reach a height of 3 inches before being cut. There is no gain in employing the sand before leaf growth is about to commence. Gardenias Losing their Leaves : Alpha. The heat yuu have given the plants is much too high for the winter season — 60° by night is high enough, between that and 55° is better. Day temperature, 6° — 10° higher — even 15° with sun- heat. With a lower temperature much less water at the root is necessary. Very little or no bottom- heat at this season. Grafting, &c. : 0. H. Your questions require too long an answer to be given here. Consult any text-book of gardening. It is well known that Adam grafted on the Paradise stock. Your first question answers your second. Kauri Pike (Dammara australi.s) : J. L. This tree is not hardy generally in this country. In Arran, Cornwall, and the south-west parts of Ireland, the plant will live in the open air without protection, but it is usually treated in gardens as a cool con- servatory subject. Names of Plants : T. Clarke. Cyathea medullarir, probably, but the specimen was a poor one. The contents of the pod are neither Peas nor Beans. Where did you get the pod from? — G. W. B. It appears to be the ordinary Coelogyne cristata. — W. .Y. 1, Hexacentris missouriensis ; 2, Epacris miniata ; 3, Cypripedium venustum. — J. E. 1, Ketinospora filifera ; 2, R. lycopodioides ; 3, Cu- pressus Lawsoniana ; 4, Juniperus sinensis; 5, Abies Lowiana ; 6, Retinospora squarrosa ; 7, R. plumosa ; 8, R. filicoides. Nespera: W. E. G. Solanum betaceum, alias Cypho- raandra betacea, alias Tree Tomato, alias Grana- dlUa (erroneously) of the market. .See Gardeners^ Chronicle, vol. i., 1887, p. 383. Orchid Leaf : B. The spots are probably occa- sioned by the perforation of some insect (greenfly) at an early stage of the growth of the leaf. Pear Glout Mor^eau: An Enquirer. We cannot say what has caused the Pear to become bletted ; the stalk has dried up, and the juices have escaped. Where did the fruit tree grow — on a wall, or in the open? and in what part of the country ? Finds: W. They are all certainly forms of the Corsican Pine (P. Laricio). Nos. 1 and 4 we take to be the Black Austrian ; 2, 3, and 5, seem to be P. Laricio var, Pallasiana; but without a named collection of trees at hand it is difficult to distin- guish the several varieties. Sap: J. E. P. Water rises through the young wood to the leaves. Elaborated sap, as the gardeners term it, is formed in certain cells, and moves from cell to cell upwards, downwards, or crosswise, us cir- cumstances demand and necessity compels. The old notion of an upward and downward current requires to be modified in the sense we have mentioned. Read the introductory remarks in the " Epitome of Gardening,' or the chapters on the " Life History of Plants'" in Cassell's Popular Gardrninff. Trapa bicornis : W. H. R. A description of this plant is found in the Treasury of Botany. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Alex. Dickson & Sons, 6b, Royal Avenue, Belfast — Seeds. Ben. Reid & Co., Aberdeen, N.B.— Seed List. John Edwards Barnes, Great Eastern Seed Stores, 9, Exchange Street, Norwich — Seeds and Re- quisites. A. D. Cowan & Co., 114, Chambers Street, New York, U.S.A.— Lorillard Tomato. 90 TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE. [Januakt 19, 1889. Wm. L. Beale, Neath. — Garden Seeds. Oakshott & MiLLAKD, Reading. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. [List. J. C. Wheeler & Sons, Gloucester. — Select Seed EoBEKT Veitch & SoN, Exeter. — Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. Thomas Butchee, Station Road, South Norwood, S.E. — Garden and Flower Seeds, and Sundries. Little & Ballantine, Carlisle. — Garden Seeds. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden Market, London, W.C— Seeds. WiLLiAst Watt, Cupar and I'erth, N.B. — Trees and Herbaceous Plants, &c. James Yates, Underbank and Royal Oak Mills, Stockport — Trade List of Seeds. J. R. Pearson & Sons, 2, E.xchange Row, Notting- ham— Garden Seeds. J. and R. Thyne, 83, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, N.B. — Garden Seeds. Wm. Leighton, 89, Union Street, Glasgow, N.B. — Seed List. Henry Ehskine, 80a, George Street, Edinburgh, N.B.— Seeds, Gladioli, &c. Peter Henderson & Co., 35, and 37, Cortland Street, New York, U.S.A. — General Catalogue. Barr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, Lon- don, W.C. — Seed Catalogue. W. Drcmmond & Sons, Stirling, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. Haage & Schmidt, Erfurt, Germany — Seed and Plant Catalogues. [List. J, Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nursery, Crawley — Seed Wm. Paol & Son, Waltham Gross, Herts — Seeds and Sundries. Alex. Lister, Rothesay, N.B. — Seeds and I'lants. Peter L.\wson & Son (Limited), 1, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh, N.B. — Seeds ; Trade List. DoBBiE & Co., Rothesay, Scotland — General Cata- logue of Seeds. William Fell & Co., Wentworth Nurseries, Hex- ham— Spring Seed Guide. E. P. Dixon & Sons, Yorkshire Seed Establishment, Hull — Garden and Farm Seeds. Field, James & Field, Norwich — Seeds. Thomsons, 20, High Street, Birmingham — Seeds. W. Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea — Select Seeds, Lilies, Gladioli, and other Bulbs. Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Trade Catalogue of Garden and Agricultural Seeds. W. CuTBUSH & Son, Highgate and Barnet — Flower, Vegetable, and Farm Seeds. Messrs. Tooqood & Finlayson, Above-Bar, Soutli- ampton — Garden Seeds and Amateur's Guide. J. Green, Norfolk Nurseries, Dereham — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Rooted Cuttings, and Annual Guide. John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E. — Begonias and Seeds. W. Drummond & Sons, 58, Dawson Street, Dublin, Ireland — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Kent & Brydon, Darlington — Seeds and Trees. Dobbie & Mason, GG, Deansgate, iVIanchcster — Seeds. AV. PiERCY, 80, West Road (IJeadnell Road), Forest Hill, London, S.E. — Chrysantliemums. IIei.vrich Strauss, Cologne — Palms (Seed and Plants), and Orchids, &c. Fisher, Son & Sibray, 4, Market Street, Sheffield — Seeds and Requisites. Thomas Kennedy & Co., lOG and 108, High Street, Dumfries, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Duval, 8, Rue de I'Ermitage, Versailles, France — Orchids, Foliage Plants, Azaleas, &c. Clark, Brothers & Co., 65, Scotch Street, Carlisle — Seeds. Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — General Seed Catalogue. C'ardno & Darling, 11, Bridge Street, Aberdeen, N.B. — General Catalogue. Samuel Yates, 75, Shudehill, Manchester — Garden and Farm Seeds. Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon and St. Neot'a — Seeds and Requisites, &c. [Seeds. W. H. Blair, 73, Patrick Street, Cork, Ireland— .Taivies Backhouse & Son, York — Garden Seeds, &c. LucojiBE, PiNCE & Co., Exeter Nursery, Exeter — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. B. Smale, 31, Fleet Street, Torquay— Seeds. W. B. Hartland, Temple Hill, Cork— List of Heli- anthus multiflorus vars. Commumcations Received.— Professor McL.. Glient.— L. C. C. W. D.— T. S.— Godetroy (not received).— B.—0.—.T. K. .1. — L.— K. r. & C'.i.— Professor McO.— W. C— R, T. R.— .Liv Aye.— W. C. — W. H.— J. D.— F. W. B.— E, C— J. W.— W. B.-A.;d.-W, H,-H. a. B.-Pterls.-T B. B.— J. R.- J. W.— W. S.— J. Williamson.— N. D.— Rich, Marsden & Co., sfiortly. PEAT for ORCHIDS, A2ALEAJS, HEATHS, FERNS, KHODODENDRONS, &(?. The Beat In the World. A. JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenlmll Street, London, E.G., continue to receive the highest of testimonials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Growers, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A.J. &Co. is by far thebeat they have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or forwarded on application free of charge, BONES !-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting. Grass Lands. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES and FERTILIZERS for all purposes. F^r Prices, apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited), GARRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for -lOs. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST 1 Is. per bush,, 3s, per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... f (sacks included). SIL\'ER SAND, co.arse, Is. id. per bush.. Us. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is, per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is, lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., 8s, per sack. CHUBB'S " PERFECT " FER-") Is BAGS. TILIZER (the Best Food for ( , ' , all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins, 71b. 141b. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/8 6/- 12/- VIKGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO, Nn'BATE of SODA. HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL. &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra largeSample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for I'niiUrv Pens. Rabbits, &c,, in Sacks. ls.6(/. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. 4rf, each; lOsacks, 12s, 6rf.; ISsacks, 17s.6rf.; 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s, ; 30 sacks, 27s, ; 40 sacks. 3t=)S. ; 50 sacks, 40s. : Truck-load, loose, free on rail. 30s. Limited quantities of G.. special ijuality granulated, in sacks only, 2s, 6rf, each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agricnlturists, Market Gardeners, and others ("concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S "PRODUCTIVE "MANURE, in b.igs, £3 per tOn (bags included); sample 1 cwt. bag, 4s., producing extra- ordinary resiilN, and wortli four or five times the actual cost- Try it against any citlier manure, no matter wliat price. CHUBB-S " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE " MANURE, in bags, £2 per ton (bags imludedl; sample 1 cwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms stricttt/ Ca^k wifhorder. Bankers, Union Bank of Condon. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON, E. HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an insecticide, it kills effectually all parasites and in?ieots which infest plants whether at the root.s or on the foliage, without injury to tender plants— Buch as ferns, etc., if used as dii'ected. Used as a WASII it imparts the ghx^ and lustre to the foliage which is so desirable on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without itl It makes a EJlky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action; kills llejis, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be without it! Used with ordinary houj'elioM soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTANT, BLEACHER. & CLEANER OF FABRICS. It kills insect life on man, animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, wherever parasites may appear. Sold by Seedsmi.'n and Chemists. Is.Gd,.-2,s. fid. & 'Is, CA.; ^gallon 7s. (Id., 1 p;,'illon 123. fid., or lens in larger ([uantifii'S. A Treatise on FIR TREE OiL as an INSECTISlDE, its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post frea on receipt of address, by the Manufactuier, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. WitOLESALR from all the London Seed Meroliauta, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK— RoLKEE & Sons. CARSON'S PAINT PatrouiHcd by 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OTJTDOOB WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Btatlons. Lnjuid Non-Poisonons Painta tor Inside of Consorvalories. 4o, Prices. Patt«rna, and Testimonials, Post-free. U BELLE SAUVAQB TARP, LUDOATE HILL. B.O. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. Discount for Cash. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I D E'S BEDFOBUSHIKE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in tke Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner o£ these Celebrated and Exten-^ive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders esccuted icith the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rites in force t« all parts. GEO. GARSIDE. Jun.. F.R.aS.. Leighton Buzzard. Beds. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS. &c. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples. Price List and Testimonials. Dep6t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Ring-wood, Hants. ISHURST COMPOUND, xised by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly. and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounees as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 35., and \C)s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, tjd. and Is., from the Trade. Whole.siile from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE CO.MPANY (Limited), London. FOR SALE, a Slow-combustion Greenhouse STOVE, Portway's. Will heat 120 feet of 4-inch pipe, quite new. Price £2 10s.; cost £5; and will be sent free to anv railway station. Apply to THOMAS CRIPPS AND SON, Tunbridge Wells Nurseries, Kent. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest. strong''st. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. iJi'st colour, shape, and finis^Ii ; enorniotis stock'*. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting ; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £o. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON. Bulwell Potteries. Nottingham. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using " FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS ff FRIGI DOMO iii REGISTERED TRADE MARK For price list &. particulars Address- I RENJAMINFDGINGTON \92_DUKE S'r^ 1U I OA/D ON Bh/oge ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALl. GARDEN SUNDRIES. SENT* FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. C. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITir STREET, DRWIY LANE. W.C. GLASS. — CHEAP GLASS. 8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 02. 12x10, 18x12. 18x14. i;4xl4, 14x12.20x12,18x16.24x16. 12a. per lOU feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14. 20x16, 24 X 18. &c. Putty. 6.S. 6rf. per cwt. ; White Lead, genuine. 2U.: Our Speciality. 17v.lW. per cwt. ; Paiiitn ground in Oil. Stone Ochre, 20s.; Oxford Ochre. 24'f. ; Green, 16s.: Black. 16s. per cwt. ; Varnish, from f>s. Hf/. per pal.— Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 9S, Bishopsffat* Street Within, London. E.C. January 19, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 91 THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LOHDOH, S.E., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN, caU Special Attention to their Patent WrougM-Iron Municipal or Angular Chambered and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS. CAnni C Rnil CDC ^^''"' waterway backs and WELDED BOILERS, any ot which are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Conservatories. Churches, Chapels, OAUULL DUlLUnO^ schools. PubUc Buildings. Entrance Ilalls, Warehouses. Workshops. &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extant. The MUXICIPAI. tttid Tl'BV LAB ones arc rcinnrkablcjor tficir grent liojting power, sfow combustion, nml l/te length, of time the fire wilt tnirv vithovt rc/piiring tittrntion. Those Patterns secured the FIRST and HIGHEST PRIZE-a SILVER MEDAL-at the Royal Horticultural Society's Exhibition, South Kensington, London, June 1, 1881. Best Boiler Extant. SECTIONAL PLAN . Front Elevation ^— The longitudiDal section gives a view of the fire-box, water space, flues, &c. The cross section gives a view of the fire-box, water space and V-shaped back. The front elevation shows it set in brickwork, which is necessari/ jor this class of boiler. SIZES AND PRICES. M B 1 3 ft. 2 in. long by 2 ft. 0 in. wide by 2 ft. 0 in. deep > , 1000 ft. Price £15 0 0 MB 2 4 0 „ by2 0 „ by 2 0 „ / calculated to 1280 „ 21 0 0 MBS 5 0 ,, by2 3 ,, by2 6 „ \ heat 4-in. piping -^2200 ,, 32 0 0 MB4 6 6 „ by 3 0 „ by 3 0 ,, asfoiiows:- / 4000 „ 60 0 0 M B 5 8 6 ,, by 4 0 ,, by 3 9 ,, ■' ^ 7000 , 85 O 0 JIESSBS. THOS. GREEN AND SOX. Ltd., NORTH STREET. LEEDS. T E S T I I\I () N I A L S. Re HEATING APPARATUS. Gen'TLEMEx, — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and sati-sfactory working of the Hot- water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from \\ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c, Borough Engineer's Office, Municipal Buildings, Leeds. January 9, 1886. , ^ . ^ ..... ^ , The several offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by mean-' of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers. No. 4, work the whole of this piping f LLsily, all hough we have three of thorn fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump- tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them aud the apparatus so favourably. I am, GtMitlemen, yours truly, THOS. H1E\VS()N, Borough Engineer. Morley House, Bagot, St. Saviour's, Jersey, November lOfh, 188S. Gentlemtin. — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily; it is heating 5.000 feet ot 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and 1 am quite sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with ray other Boilers. I have now five of your Koilers in use. and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or tlieir comparatively small consumption of fuel. Messrs.. thus GREEN and SON. Ltd., LEEDS. Yours faithfully. fSigned) G. W. EASHFOED. AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaUIRED. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. From To W. RICHARDS, 41, Wkllikoton Stbbet, Stband, LONDON, W.C. send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" , for which I enclose P. 0.0 for 1889, Months^ Please commencing _ ^^^ Please 13'ote that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, Zs. 9d. ; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, I7s. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, lOa. 6d, Eeceiptd for leas than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially aaked for. P.0.0. to be made pat/able at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMONB." G. C, Jan. 19, 1889. 92 THE OAliDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Janxary 19, 1889. CHEAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. Tlie above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sa.sh*s turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in Englacd, ready glazed and painted ; — e 2 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet 12 feet 6 feet 12 feet 4 feet 4 feet 5 feet 5 feet Packing | Cases FREE. I Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY &. CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Hoyal Hortii-uUural Works. Middleton, Manchester. London Agent — Mr. H. SKKLTOy, Seedsman, &c-.. 2, HoUo^ay Ivoad, N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Builpers and Heating Engineers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description. in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts. Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for warming Buildings of every description. lUustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS Homeroiu PUze Medals and CerUficatSB of Ueilt. Fixed in any part of the Kingdooi with Hotrwat«r Xpparatiu complete. Catalogu* Fna. Xurth of England HortloaUsi«l Worki, DARLINGTON. O ANKEY'S " MARKET POT," or LONG O TOMS, the best "Garden Pot " for Bedding Plants and JIavket Work. The :i-in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary SJ'in. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes. :i in., 3^ in., 4 in., 4'^ in., and 4} in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to li inches deeper than usual, very stronjj and much lighter in weight— the very pot for M.irket Growers ; great economy in room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY asd SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, And at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G. ^ R ^ IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. S^e 11 n f, p I f r L rgp C tr t* in Fencing, Rooting "i. 1 f THc dl Surve\3of Estatei m tie. and practical advice gu en as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. GATES, WIRE NETTING, &g. Cumplel<> fatal. ifiuc of nil kinds of Iron nnd Wire tViicing, Gates, tJalvniii-ei.l Wire Netting, free on apijlicatioii. BAYLISS, JONES, & BAYLISS, WOLVERHAMPTON, London Offices and Show Rooms, 139 & 141, Cannon St., E.C, THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS straining Bolt and Holdfast. -No. 636. As illustrated above, price 3a. and 48. per do/.eu. Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 633. 2 2} 3 3} inches. 3d., 4d., 6d., 7d. per doz. m Best Galvanised Wire, 1/3, 1/6, 1/9 per 100 yards. Illustrated CATALOGUE on application. J. J. THOMAS & CO. 87, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. STOCK i SIZE3 Inches. 1 Inches. 14X13 S ^ 7 30x16 16X12 aMA 20X16 18x13 ? 23x16 20x13 24x16 16x14 ' 20x18 18x14 22x18 20x14 . 34x18 21-OZ. ForeigD of the above siies, in 100 and 200 feet boxes. 3rda and iths qualities, always kept in stock. A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ. (rlasa in 200 feet boxes. Enghxh Glass, cui to buyer's sires, at lowest prices, including free atlivery in the cnuntry in quantities. GEORGE FAKMILOE & SONS, 31, St. John Street. West Smithfleld, London, E.C. stock List and Prices on application. Price t.ist of Colours, famishes, Dcsignsof Stained^- Leaded Glass. Quote ChronicU. BOULTON&PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of tlie Frames ready, made of the most durable red deal, and are the best to be had. The Frames are 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass and painted four coats. CASH PRICES. Carriage Paid. Packing Cases. 3s. Orf. 3s. 6rf. 4s. Od. is.6d. OS, Od. 5s. 6d. Leui^th. Widtli. Price. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 f t. . . £2 0 0, 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ . . 3 0 0. 3 „ „ 12 „ by6 „ .. 4 5 0. 4 „ „ 16 „ bv 6 „ . . 5 10 0. 5 „ „ 20 ., by 6 „ .. 6 15 0. 6 „ „ 24 „ by6 „ .. 8 0 0. Half allowed for Cases if returned at once, carriage paid, and ill good order. Carriage paid to any station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry. Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock p T A Q Q always on Hand. VJ J_j J\. O O • Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At hnrest j^ossible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, 8H0REDITCH, LONDOX, E. PROPAGATOR Made in superior eartben-ware. 11 in. loun, tj^ m. deep, and 6 in. wide. Inside, 2] inchea from the top, is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttiups or seeds in placed, the lower half being tilled with watfr. winch is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-incU hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual meaoi of utilising them for propagating purpose.s. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective > nporiser. Price .3s. each ; eix carriage and package free to any station in Great Britain for £1 Is. ; or two for S5. 6rf. Sole makt-rs and patentees, T. PASCALL AND SONS, South Norwond Pottery. Surrey. S.E. Garden Pota I '-'"'"^ "'"*' ""surpassed by any in the Trade. I They are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and shape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Potterv of every description. Send for Price List. —THOS. FA8CALL & BONS, South Norwood Pottery. Surrey, S.B I Jaxdakv 11), ISSH.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 93 CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY .Telegraphic AddreB3-"H0T-WATER, LONDON." Telephone - No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and ( ianleners generally tbeir NEW PATENT (No 9090. isss) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, Whicli is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market. It combines all the ad- vantages of its class so well known, anJ by the improvud method of form iny th e toints — vi:., with India- rubber Washers, the Old and toe often Ineffect- ual way of caulking g^ tlie Joints Is entirely dispensed with. It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thoroughly sound and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in evert/ possible way, more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result has been highly satisfactory. •^rilON OF PATCKT JOINT THE L.\RGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c. IKSPECTION IXVITED. PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. SEND FOR PHICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM 1^' .^^^' ,.^z.^^' lu-t frte. ^^. '% ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S ROYAL IRISH CAMBRIC POCKETHAKDKERCHIEFS, COLLARS, & CUFFS. Handkerchiefs, perdoz.: Children'a bordered, Is-. 2i. ; Ladies', 2>. ^^d. Gfnt'9, 3s. Qd. Hemstitched:— Ladies', 2v.ll^rf. ; Gent's, 4s. Hd. CoLLAliS: — Ladies' and Children's, three-fold, from 3?. 6^. per do?eii; Gent's four-fold, from 4?. 11^. p. do?,. ICl'Ffs for Ladies, Gentlemen, and Children, from ^s. Hd. per dozen. ,'^"% TABLE and HOUSE LINEN. "prSH NAPKINS, 2s. llrf. per do/en. TUNNER NAPIQNS, 5s. 6d. per dozLii, rpABLE CLOTHS, 2 yds. square, 2.S-. 111/.; -»- 2k yards hy 3 yards, 5*. 11'/. eat-h. EOYAL IRISH LINEN SHEETING. Fully Bleached, 2yd9.wid^', Is. IIU. per yard ; 2^ yard^ wide, 2s. 4^*/. per vard (the niustdurable article made). SURPLICE LINEN, 7rf. per yd. ; Linen Dusters, 3^. 3d., Glass Cloths, 4';. 6^. per dozen. piNE LINENS and Linen Diaper, 8^/. J- per yd. Frilled Linen Pillow Cases, from Is. 4Jrf. each. TJOLLEK TOWELLING, 18 in. wide, ■^ 3if/, per yard. T7-ITCHEN TABLE CLOTHS, ll}f/. J^ each. QTRONG HUCKAB.iCK TOWELS. *^ 4'^- 4 '^ 1 ^r dozen. MONOGRAMS, Crests, Coats of Arm:*. Initials, &c,, woven and en.broi- dered. Oend for S((mpfes and Illu.strated Price ^ Lists, post free to any part of the World, by Robinson & gleaveR, Belfast. *^ rPelegra] : .iddress. "LINEN," BultHSt. HOW TO GROW MtrSHROOMS. By William Eaeley. Price Is. stitched. THE ART OF GROWING HOSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. 0. Fisher. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Price \s. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular Explanation of th3 be.t Method of Cultire, By William Eaeley. Price Is. stitched. London: BRADSUPT, A'^JTET^, EVUE de I'HORTICULTURE BELGE \> et ETRi'VNGERE (Belgrian and Foreign Horticultural Review)— 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. An5e Plants, Vines, Peaches, Melons, and Cucumbers, Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens.- J. DIEBIN, Kirklington, Southwell, Notts. ARDENER (Head); age 32, married.— A. GooDEN, Offuhurch Bury, Leamington, would he plea.-ieii to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a ^ood, all- round Gardener. Seventeen years' experience in hrst-cla&s places. ARDENER (Head). — Age 50, married; thirty years" experience in Vine^, Peaches, Fig", Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Chrysantiu- mums. Vegetables, and the Management of a Garden. Excel- lent references. Please state wages.- W. Gl'NN, Braintree, Essex. GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married; tweuty-six years' experience in Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, all kinds of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, and the Management of a Garden. First-class references. Please state wages.— G. LUCAS, 41, Hampden Road, Upper HoUoway, N. GARDENER (Head); age 30, married.— F. Dkunam, Foreman to His Grace the Duke of Marl- borough, Blenhfim. also to Lord NorUilourue, Betteshanger Park Gardens, Sandwich. Thirteen year^' experience in Gentleman's Gardens, thoroughly understanding Early and Late Forcing and the JIanagement of a first-class Garden. Good character. — Blenheim, Woodstock, Oxoo. GARDENER (Head) ; middle-aged. — H. Heims, for upwards of six years Gardener antl Orchid Grower to F. A. Philbriuk, Ei^q., Q.C., seeks nn engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical man, well versed in the general routineof a Garden, Forcing, &c. Can be highly recommended. — H. HEIMS, Oldfield, Bickley, Kent. ARDENER (Head AVorking).- Age 32; thoroughly experienced. The highest of references, — MOSS, The Gardens, Pitmaston, St. John's, Worcester. ARDENER (Head "Working).- Age 30, unmarried ; sixteen years' thorough experience in the Cultivation of First-class Fruits, Flowers, and \'i'getab|es. Personal character. — P. T., Orchard Place, Sudbury, Harrow. ARDENER (Head Working").— Age 37, married; practical exiH-rience in Insiuo ami Outside Work. Good references. Please state wages.— G.VRDENKR, fii>, Blnndford Street West, Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where three or more are kept. — Age 21). married when suited; tho- roughly experiencrd. First-class references.— W. BAKER, 55, Sherbrooke R( ad. Fulham, S.W. GARDENER (Head AVoiucing). — In the prime of life, single, and an abstainer; trustworthy, energetic, and Ihoroughly practical in all branches. Five years' high chiiracter from last employer; also testimonials. — J. H., 39, Tetcott Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Januaby 19, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 95 GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two others are kept. — Age IC, married ; thirty years' experience. UmierstmuW N'iiies. (Ireeuhou'^e, Flower and Kitchen Ganleiiiiit^. Cs.u hiive twenty year^' gtK>ii character from present ■■uiploy>-r.- GAUDENER, Tmfnlgar, Salisbury. GAr.nENER (Hkad Wouking) ; age 41, raarrieti,— A Lady would reconimeiul her present Gnr- deniT to any one %vrtuting it f;ood practical man. Tweuty-tive years' experience in all branches in well-kept gardens ;' four and a hal( years" character. Leaving through giviug-up resi- dence. Gardener can also recommend to anyone in want of a hartl-working and useful Lad, being three years witli him, age 16.— Miss BRIDGE. The Oswalds. Bishopsbouru. Canterbury. GARDENER (Hkad "Working, or good Si\*,i.K-HANDED).— Has a (hoTungh knowledge of Vines. Peaolies, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, ami Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Good character.— A. MAFl'LEBECK. Rawcliffe, Setby. O.ARDENER (Head AVorking), Single- VX HAXPKP, or where more are kept. — Married ; thoroughly understands Gardening in all branches. Teu years' expe- rience; five years in last situation. Good chanieter. — G. BOURNE, :i7, Albert Street, Ches=erton. Cambridge. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).— Age 33; twelve years' experieuce, Inside and Out, in Private Gardens. Total abstiiiuer. Good references. — C. SITTTON. lU. Beech Road, Seveuoaks. Kent. GARDENER (Head, where one or two are kept, or godi Single-hasded),— Age 27. married; ten years' experieuce. Understands Vines, Peaches, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, &c. Good references. — H. BRYAN, The Gardens, Elshum Hall, Brigg. Lines. GARDENER.— Married; English. Six years in present situation. Can be well rccommemled by Col. Saunderson, M.P;, with whom he is living.— G;UtDENER, Castle Saunderson, Belturbet, Cavan, Ireland. ARDEXER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF. — Age 4tj, married; good practical knowledge of Pines, Grapes. Peaches, Melons. Forcing of all kinds. Flowers and Vegetables, and good Flower Gardener ; excellent taste in Table Decoration. Fifteen years in present situation. — B. MARKS, Alfreton. Derbyshire. ARDENER and ESTATE BAILIFF.— Had thorougli experience in both branches; also Book- keeping. Sixteeu years' character.— Mr. BELL, Nurseryman, Easingwold. GARDENER, where another is kept, or good SiXGLE-HANDED. — Age 32. married ; understands Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gar- dening. Three years' character. — G. F., 1, Kingsgate Cottages, Cricklewood. N,W. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 22; well up in Vines. Peaches, Cucumbers, and Kitchen Gardening. Highest reference. Abstainer,- W. WILLIAMS, 3. Somerset Street, Gravesend. Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given. — Age 24; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Good character. — A. STOCK. 10, West Chapel Street, Mayfair; W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where assistance is given ; age 25, single.— R. Edwards, Gardener to Barclay Field. Esq., Beechy Lees, Otford, Seven- oaks, will be pleased to recommend F. LeErecy, who has been with him three years, as above. Good testimonials from previous places. GARDENER (Single-handed, or Under). — Married; eight years' experience in Houses, Kitchen and Flower Gardens.— F. EARLEY, Woolton Hill, Newbury, Berks. ARDENER (Second or good Single- HAMDEP).— Age 25; understands Flower and Kitchen Garden, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Grapes, Cucumbers, Melons. Good character ; two years previous. — W. HEWITT, Capel Loilge, Dorking, ARDENER (Thihd), in a Gentleman's establishment ; age 20. — A Gardenkr ^vishes to recom- mend a steady, obliging young man as above. Knowledge of Garden Work.— O. COLLINS. Eednam. Andover. Hants. ARDENER (Under), Indoors or Out.— Age 23 ; three years' good character from last place.— W. KKKX, Orchard Place, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; fire years' good character from present employer. — R. C, 61, Eosebery Road, Clapham Park, S.W. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Garden, where he could Improve himself, Insi>le and Out.— Age 19 ; two years' good character from last place.— C. DUNN, Barton Court. Kintbury, near Hungerford, Berks. OREiXAN, or SECOND GARDENER,— Age 32, single ; sixteen years' experieuce in Early and Late Forcing. Has been used to Grow Plants, Flowers, and Fruit for Sale. — G. W., Mr. Morgan, Bookseller, Rushey Green. Catford,S.E. FOREMAN. — Age 2.5 ; ten years' experience. Good references.—F. S., Over Worton, Steeple Aston, Ltxfordshire. To Nurserymen. FOREiL\N, in Small Nursery, or Cut Flower Department. — .\ge 29: good at Bouquets, Fiireral (Designs, &c.— T. VIGOR, 21, Wrentham Street, Eiimineham. XfOREMAN, in the llouaes.- Age 23; nine X years' experience iu Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plauta, &c,— H. WHITEHEAD, Westbury, Brackley, North Hants. FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Good experience in Fruit and Plant Growing. Well up iu Orchids, nntl Room an.l Table Decoration.— E, 0.. Mr. Herrmann, 52, Robert Street, Regent's Park, N.W. jrfOREMAN, — Age 26; twelve years' experience X in large places. Good recommendatiou from present iind previous situations. — J. HEKVEY. The Gardens, Streathum Grove, Norwood, S,E. Xj^OREMAN, in the Houses, where two or X three arc kept.— Age 21 ; t.ii years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers; also Decora- tions. Five years' good character. — J. MUDDELL; The Gardens, Chilgrove, Chichester. POKEMAN (General).— A. Blaikie, Gar- X dener to the Right Hon, E. Stanhope, M.P., Revesby Abbey, Boston, Lincolnshire, wishes to recommend his Fure- niau. G, W. D'Arcy, to any Gardener reijuiriug a very steady, respectable, and active young man. Has been with me over two years. Is leaving of his own accord ; auxious to improve himself. Would be happy to answer any inquiry respecting him. To Nurserymen, &c. "POREMAN (Working), in a Small Nursery. -1- — Age 30, married ; fourteen years* experienced in Plant, Cut Flower, Cucumber, Tomato, A'ine, Rose, and Chrysanthe- mum Growing; expert Rudder, Grafter, Propagator, &c. Good Salesman. Highest testimonials.— WM. WILLIAMS, Moortown Lea, near Leeds. rpOREMAN PKOPAGATOK and SALES- X MAN.— Age 27 ; well up in ail Deparlmenta of the Trade, Bouquets, Crosses, &c. Thirteen years' experience. Best references. Has been as Foreman.— RETL AW, 1, Acacia Road, Lancaster Road, Entield. F^ OREMAN PJROPAGATOK and GROWER of Hard and Soft-wooded Plants.- Eight years' with Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea ; sis and a half years with previous employer. H. Jones will bi- glad to treat with any Nurseryman requiring an effieietit and practical man in tliH above capacity. Strictly sober, industrious, and :ittentive to all duties entrusted to him.— H. JONES, 3S, Stamford Road. Fulham, S.W. ROPAGATOR, WORKING FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 28 ; well experienced in Primula.^, Bouvardias, Ferns, Bulbs, Palms, Uraca-nas, Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums, Fuchsias, Solauums. BeddingStuff, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Forced Flowers, and Plants of all kinds. No objection to small place. Best references.- LAMBERT, -17, Neville Road, Stoke Newington, N, ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market.— Age :il : sixteen years' practical experience, having a thorough knowledge of the Cut Flo\\ er and Plant Trade.- R. A. E., 4, Vistoria Street, Lincoln. ROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Thorough knowledge of Stove, Greenhouse. Soft and Hard-wooded Plants, ^specially good at Raising Ferns, Palms, Dracaenas, Ficus, Aralias, &c.. in quantity. Quick at Tyingand Potting, Good experience in one of the large London Nurseries. — W. W., 12, Conduit Street, Upper Clapton, E. ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- "wooded Plants for Market. — Age 29; fourteen years' experience.— A. B., 13, Peerless Buildings, Peerless Street, City Road. E.G. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's tj establishment.- Age 20; good knowledge of Orchids. First-class testimonials.- W. A., The Gardens, Barvens Park, Potters Bar, N. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendations. Bothy preferred.— H. SNELL, Upton, St. Mary Church, Torquay. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven and a half years' experience.— A. WALKER, The Gardens, Farnley Hall, Otley. J0URNEY3IAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; thorough good character.— G. WILLIAMS, The Gardens, Distillery House, Wandsworth, S.W. JOURNEYMAN. — Age 19; two years in present situation. Can be well recommended. — A SMITH. Garustone, Weobley, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— Thomas Oldham, Malvern Hall Gardens, Solihull, Bir- mingham, wouhi have pleasure in recommending a young man as above. Two years under Glass here. JOURNEY'^IAN. — Age 21 ; six years' experi- ence. Bothy preferred. Two years in present place. Excellent character.— JOHN EVANS, Head Gardener, Nerquia Hall. Mold, Flintshire. Wales. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; twelve months in present situation. Good character. Has had good experience.— A. CHEESEMAN, The Gardens, Llantillio Court, Abergavenny, OURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 22; seven years* experience. Bothy preferred. Good charac- ter from present and previous employers.— W. HOLLY, The Gardens, Pepper Arden, Northallerton, Yorkshire. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; nine and a half years' experience. Three and a half years' good character. — H. HIGGINSON, Grange Cottage, Ellesmere. JOURNEYMAN, iu the Houses.— Age 22; bothy preferred. Three years' experience. Guo.i cha- racter.—W. EDW^VRDS, The Gardens, Oakley Park, Branfield, Salop, JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out. — Age 22; tJ seven years' experience — chielly under glass. Good references.— EDWIN SPENCER, Longville Common, Craven Amis. Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; fJ total abstainer. Two anil a half years' character from last employer. Three years previous.— E. RIST, 19, East Street, Stratford Marsh. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or otherwise. — R. MaoMillan, Gardener, Moreton House, Biduford, Devon, will be pleased to recommend a sharp, intelligent young man, aa above. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 21.— Mr. MiLSOM, Claydon Gardens. Winslow, Bucks, will be pleased to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man as aboee. Seven year.s' good practical experience in the pro- fession. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN; age 21.— James Cypher will be pleased to rceommeud :i young man, as above. Good knowledge of Orchids, and Stove and Greenhouse Plants ; also Cut Flowers. Very steady and obliging.— E. SKILL, Exotic Nurseries, Queen's Road, Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out; age 21.— H. Sawyer, Gajdener to the Dowager Marchioness of Downshire, can well recommend a young man as abjve ; has been with him three years.— The Gardens, Wakehurst Place. Hayward's Heath. JMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 17^; three X and a half years' good character.— J. HUDSON, Milnlhorpe, Westmoreland. JMPROVER, in the Houses, in a good estab- X lishment.— Age 20; good character. Willing to pay a Premium.— ROBERT J. WILLIAMS, The Gardens. Wepre Hall, Flint, Wales. JMPROVER, Inside or Out; age 18.- Mr. X Fuller, Isleworth Gardens, Horndean, would be pleased to recommend a young man as above. Strong, active, and industrious. IMPROVER. — Young; five years' experience under Glass. Used to Propagating and Growing for Market. Good references.— H. WELLER, 15, Queen Street, Ramsgate. 'yo NURSERYMEN,— Situation wanted by a X young man (age 25), to take charge of Houses in Nursery; well up in Propagating and Growing Market and General Inside Plants. Two years in leading London Nursery.— F. H., Church Street, St. Peters, Kent. O NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser would be glad to hear of a situation in a Market Nursery. Seven years' experience in the Houses. Good references. Age 22.— J. J., Whittington Nursery, Highgate Hill, N. O NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 24) seeks re-engagement as Second in the Inside Propagating and Growing Department of a good firm. Could also act as Salesman if required. Seven rears' good reference.— H. H., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a young man (age 23), to Grow Plants for Market. Age 23. Good references.— E. T., 1 , Praed Street, Paddington, London, W. SHOPMAN.— Age 23; well up in Wreaths, Bouquet, &c. Good knowledge of Plants, Seeds, Book- keeping, Furnishing, &c. Could Manage a Branch Establish- ment. Good references. Security if required.— SHOPMAN, Gardeners' C'/ironic/e Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Seed Trade. CLERK, or SHOPMAN.— Chas. F. Cocks. in 24th year ; six and a half years with Messrs. Waite, Nash & Co., and Cooper, Taber & Co. (Limited), offers his ser^'ices as above. No objection to travel. — References to above address. The Ferns, Park Road, Peterborough. CLERK, to Florist (Market Grower), wants a situation. Willing to assist generally. Etiicient Book- keeper and Correspondent. French. Moderate salary. — VINCIT, 5. Hillside Terrace. Stamford Hill, N. SEED TRADE.— Advertiser is open for an engagement in the Wholesale or Retail Trade. Seven- teen years practical experience. — J. CORNEY, Boston, Lin- colnshire. TO FLORISTS.— A young Lady requires a situation in a first-class Florist's, to Learn the Busines?) (Indoors). Age 20. Highest references given. — E. D., Church Road Nurseries, Bexley Heath. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS and OINTMENT,— Bilious affections, with all their concomitant annoy- ances induced by atmospheric changes, or too liberal diet, should be checked at once, or serious consequences may ensue. When anyone finds his ideas less clear than usual, his eyesiglit dimmed, and his head dizzy, accompanied by a disinclination for all exertion, physical or mental, iie may be quite sure that he is in immediate need of alterative medicine. Let liim at once send for a box of Holloway's Pills, a mild course of which will remove the symptoms, and speedily renew the usual healthful feeling. If the bowels be irritable, Holloway's Oint- ment should be diligently rubbed over the stomach and liver every night and moroingi 96 THE GAHDEXEIiS' CHI^UXICLE. [Jamakv lii, l>^>>:) B. S. WILLIAMS' SPECIALITIES IN VEGETABLE SEEDS FOR 1889. Umversally achnowJedged to he the Best and Finest Stocks in Cultivation. WILLIAMS' EARLY PROLIFIC DWARF FRENCH BEAN. Per Quart, 2v. 6d. Acknowledged by every one t«i be I lie earliest and best Ficucli Heaii in commerce. ^.'i ' K\;^'f( WILLIAMS' ALEXAKDRV IB R O C C O L I. Per Packet, Is. 6d. Tlie best white and the hardiest variety. WILLIAMS' H A a if U M B 0 !I U M ONION. Per Packet, Is. 6.-/. The largest and best kespiDg Oniun tver sent out. WILLIAMS' IMPROVED DWARF BRUSSELS SPROUTS. Per Packet, Is. Very prolific, compact, and of splendid flavour. WILLIAMS' EARLY NONSUCH CABBAGE. Per Packet, \.<=. Very early, dwarf compact variety, of delicious flavour. WILLIAMS' JMATCHLESS RED CELERY. Per Packet, Is. The finest flavoured variety and longest keeper, lar[^e)y grown for market. MATCHLESS WHITE CELERY Per Packet, Is. The earliest and best White Celery. WILLIAMS' TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER (V/oolley'B Variety). Per Packet, is. 6J. The be^t for general purposes. TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER (RoUlsson's Variety). Per Packet, Is. ^d. Seed sa^ ed from a splendid stock. WILLIAMS' IMSTEAD PARK SEEDLING MELON. Per Packet, U. (id. ^OWTON COURT MELON. Per Packet, 1.?. 6d. SEMPER FIDELIS. Per Packet, Is. Qd. WILLIAMS' ;^ EARLY GEM PEA. Per Quart, 2s. 9rf. IMPROVED EARLY. Per Quart, Is. M. EMPEROR Of tbe MARROWS. Per Quart, 2s. Gd. Illustrated Descriptive Seed CATALOGUE for 1889, and serviceable Potatos, is now VICTORIA and PARADISE containing published, NURSERIES, a Comprehe7inve List of Plower and Tegetable and will be forwarded Gratis and Post-free to UPPER HOLLOW Seeds, also a List of the most meful all applicants, AY. LONDON, N. AVEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR IS THE PRINCE OF BOILERS. // /tcis the longest record of anij Hot-water Boiler e.vtant. H has Hollow Furnace Bars, which last 11 years longer than solid ones, and add 20 per cent, of power. It has facilities for being easily repaired. It has means of removing sediment. ^^^^ It has proved a real boon to Gardeners. It has been a .source of profit to employers. A 10 years' conditional guarantee given with every Patent Duplex Upright Tubular Boiler when fixed by J. Weeks & Co. Prick LIST and pabticulars free o.s appmimtkln to J. WEEKS & CO., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS, &c., KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA. LONDON, S.W. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOSEPH I'AXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners Chronicle. Price 3d., post-free SJd. ; twenty-flve copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. : and one hundred, 208. Parcels of not less than 2.j delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than 100 Carriage Paid to any part of Cireat Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Eilitorinl C.')mmunication; Wii.i.i vM Ricii \ iiTW. at tlv- Oilirp nf Measr*. Phvphitrv. Aonf.w, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of WhilefriaM, City of London, in the CounLv of Middle-ex, and publi^lllsl by th-* said Willi vM Uic.'i.uiD.'i, jit the Oih e, 'ii, Wellington Street \'m\ \\ of St. Puul's Cogent 0.irden. in the 9ai< 5,000 Gooseberries 100 Pandanus utilis 300 Fteris tremula 300 Lomaria gibba A large Collection of HERBACEOUS PLANTS. Samples will be on view the morning of the Sale. Cata- logues forwarded on application. Tuesda? Next CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, .Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, CAMELLIAS, and AZALEAS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Anrtion Roprns, 38 and 39. Gracechurch Street, E.G., on TUESDAY, January 2fl, at halt-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 07 and OS, Clieapside, London, E.C. Wednesday Next. .5000 LILIUM AURATU.M, aplen.lid bulbs, just received from .Tapan; 20,00u FREESIA REFKACTA ALBA, from the Cape ; Englishgrown LILIES. .lapanese IRIS, SI'IKiEAS, AZALEAS, CA.MELLIAS. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, various Hardy BULBS. ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 157 and I3S. Cheapside, London, E.G., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, January 30, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next, Also ou MONDAY, Feb 4; TUESDAY. Februarys; and WEDNESDAY. February 6. The EABVINS PARK COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. UNRESERVED SALE of the Second Portion of this extensive COLLECTION, by order of the Proprietor, wlio is leaving the neighbourhood and selling the Estate. Importjint to the Trade and Large Buyers. ^ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are ItX favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room'^, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on the above-named dates, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day the Second Portion of the extensive COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, without the least reser\-e, com- prising in all nearly 30,000 plants, mostly for the cool-house, including nearly 10,000 iODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, in various sizes, and all unfiowered, principally selected from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co.'s importations of the broad-petalled Pacho varieties. The Plants will be on view the mornings of Sale. Catalogues forwarded, free by post, on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.G. Eltham, Kent. Important and [further CLEARANCE SALE of valuable and unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCKt in consequence of the Expiration ot the Lease, MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executrix of the late Mr. J. W. Todmau, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premifcs. the Eltham Nur.serv, Eltham, Kent, 1 mile from Elth;im Station, on THURSDAYl February 7, and two following days, at 12 o'clock punctually each day without reserve, a further portion of the remarkably well grown NURSERY STOCK, now in capital condition for removal, including 5000 Evergreens and Conifers in various sizes, for effective planting ; 4000 Green Hollies, 2 to 8 feet ; 4000 Aucubas. 2 feet; 7500 Laurels, 2 to 4 feet: 5000 Privet; 20,000 Fruit Trees; 2000 Goo.'ieberries and Currants; 13,000 Forest Trees; 2000 Roses, and other Stock. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Com ExcHange, Reading. TO GENTLEMEN PLANTING, FRUIT GROWERS, and OTHERS. MR. CITAS. R. STEVENS is favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at the Corn Ex- change. Reading, ou WEDNESDAY, .January .10, at 11 for 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of FRUIT TREES and other NURSERY STOCK, comprising 200 Apple Trees, 300 Pear Trees, 200 Plum and Damson Trees, 2000 Raspberries, 200 White Currants, 500 Rose Trees, 50Laurustinus. 100 Sycamores, 250 Limes (10 feethigh) 600 Chestnuts (Horse), 10 to I! ft,, &c. The whole of the Stock will be found to be well-grown, and the Fruit Trees of good kinds, and well worth the attention of Gentlemen and others engaged in planting. Catalogues may be obtained at the place of Sale, and of Mr. CHARLES R. STEVENS, Auctioneer, &c., 151, Friar Street, Reading. WANTED, a Small NURSERY in good condition within 15 miles of London. Rent must be moderate. Full details to A. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED TO RENT, One or Two good GREENHOUSES, with some LAND in or near London. Address, U. 3. N., Gardeners' Chronicle Office,41,Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ANTED, TO RENT, a Small NURSERY and FLORIST BUSINESS, with .lobbing Rardening connection. Willi Glasshouses for Growing Xomatos and Cucumbers.— Ap]»ly to C. SNOW, Red Rice, Andover, Hants. Seed Business. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL (owing to the death of Proprietor), an Old-established Retail SEED BUSINESS, in London, with high-class connection, including Leases of Premises, Stock, Fixtures. &:c. Apply Ijy letter in first instance to N. SHERWOOD, Esn., 1.52, Houndsditch, E.C. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, good SEED and FRUIT BUSINESS, chiefly cash. Satisfactory reasons. Good Dwelling-House attached. SEEDS.MAN, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Market Gardeners. Florists. Nurserymen, ice. HAMPTON-ON-THAMES. FOR SALE, choice FREEHOLD LAND, in Acre Plots, suitable for above. Rich Garden Soil with gravel and sand sub-soil. The land isconsidered by the Trade the hnest near London for Grapes and nil other Market Products. Apply, SECRETARY, Estates Investment and Villa Farm Company, Estate Olfice, Tangley Park. Hampton- on-Tliames. NU R S E R Y , compact II 0 U'SE^ ^ PREINIISES, main road. 5 miles from Marble Arch. Lease 87 years, at a ground rent. Plenty of Glass and accommodation Ground. Price £000, iiu-luiling valuable stock. Part can remain. HERBERT DRAKE, 343, Harrow Road, Paddingten. W. South of England. LARGE GARDEN, 20 Acre3, with Twenty Greenhouses and Vineries. £7000 has been spent on the property. Seven years' lease. Two Cottages inclusive. £150 a year. ELDRIDGE, Portsmouth. TO LET on LEASE, as a going concern, a compact NURSERY; 10,000 feet of glass, well heated, Coach-houso, Stables, Plunging Ground, together with Shop and Dwelling House all adjoining, whole or part of Stock. Goodwill Low.— Apply, AZALEA, Gardeners' Chronicle OtBcc, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. S E E D S. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, SUPPLY VEGETABLE flower" seeds of the best quality at moderate prices. Free bj- Rail or Parcel-post. Descriptive Priced LIST on application. THE VINEYARD AND NTJRSEKIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. W THOMPSON, Seedsman, 34, Tavern • Street. Ipswich, be<2;s to announce that his FLOWER SEED CATALOGUE tor the present Season is Now Rea.ly. and may be had on prepaid application. It includes in addition to all the best of previous introductions, some New and Rare Seeds, exclusively in his possession. FOR SALE, a large Exhibition Plant of DAVALIA HENDERSONII, in M-inch pan; fronds 3 feet, circumference of plant 6 feet. Will be sold cheap in con- sequence of want of room. Apply to H. P. GOODBODY, Obelisk Park, Blackrock, Co. Dublin. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Pea-s especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Filed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. c To THE TRADE. HELLEBORUS NIGER, good healthy imported Plants, at very low prices per 100 and 1000. LILY OF THE VALLEY.— Fine Berlin forcing Buds, cheap to char out. HOOPER inD CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London. W.C. H O 1 0 E GERMAN FLOWER and \'BGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following ; — SEAKALE for Planting, hs. per 100, .lOs. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, 60s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fnstolf), 6.!. per 100, .Ws. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS, Standards, Ks. per 100. DAJISDN (Farleigh). Standards, lbs. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, 18s. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS. Golden. 2 to 4 feet, extra fine. 'it^s. to .10s. per 100. WILLOWS. Weeping, 8 to 14 feet, 6s. to 12s. per dozen. To the Trade. ONION SEED.—" Home Grown Seed." The past season's crop having been a failure, F. GEE is happy to say he has tine stocks of SUPERIOR BEDFORD- SHIRE GROWN yearling Seed. " of his own growing." wliich he can highly recommend, and may be relied upon, whereas foreign Seed, which is being sold by many at n much cheaper rate, cannot be depended upon. The following kinds can bf supplied for Cash : — GEE'S IMPROVED BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION, very select Stock, fine, large, globular Onion, has grown 1(S to 20 tons per acre, 7s. 6a. per lb, „ „ WHITE SPyVNISH and NUNEHAM PARK, very line Stocks, Is. Gd. per lb. Carriage or post free. Special Terms for large quantities. Catalogues on appli- cation. Cheques and Po.Ht-olHce Orders made payable to FREDERICK GKE, Seed Grower and Merchant, Rivcrford House, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. ENT-GROAVN FRUn~TUKEs7^ Thousands of Stnndard, Pyramid, Huah, untl Espalier Fruit Trees, comprising most of the best sorts of Appll■•^, Pear«, Plums, and Cherries ; strong, healthy trees, with good librous roots. 600 Kent COB NUTS, large bushes, .'» feet. 1000 Common LAUREL, .'1 fett. 500 Silver lilRCU. H to 10 feet. fiOO LAJUTRNUMS, 7 to 9 feet. PricG LISTS of above and General Nursery Stock post-free on application to EVES & DALTON, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Grave-scnd. Yucca gloriosa. GKORGE LKE, KlI.H.y., has some fine Plants of the above, many of uliich are strong blooming plants, spreading -1 or more feet each, tine for planting Jn open spaces near Woodland Paths or Drives, at from Is. (W. to bs. each. Clevedon, January 12. jANrABv 26, 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' GIIBONICLE, 99 p Q LEHMANN imperial German t'ontsul at Popai/an fCaucaJ, Repuhlie of Colombia, legs to offer the following ORCHIDS, ^'c.: — No. ,1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 7.- 8.- a- 10.- 11.- 12.- 13.- 14.- 15.- 16.- 17.- la- 19.- 20.- 21.- 22.- 23!- 24.- 25.- 26.- 27.- 28.- 29.- 30.- 31.- 32.- 33.- 34.- 35.- 36.- 37.- 38.- 39.- 40.- 41.- 42. 43.- 44.- 45.- 46.- 47.- 48.- 49.- 50.- 51.- 52.- 53.- 54.- 56.- 57.- 58.- 59.- 60.- 61.- 62.- 63.- -ADA sp. new. Flowers orange-scarlet, lip pure white -ANGULOA sp. Flowers white, lip rose-spotted -BATEMANNIA WALLISII, Kchb. f. . . - „ aff. B. GUSTAVI, Itchb. f -CATASETUM EXPANSUM, Kchb. f. . . - „ LEHMANNI, Rgl - „ OCHRACEUM, Rchb. f -CATTLEYA AUKEA - „ CHOCOENSIS - „ „ large selected masses - „ „ var. ALBA, .£1 each. - „ GIGAS - „ MAXIMA - „ „ var. BACKHOUSEI .. - „ TRIAN.E - „ „ masses of from 50 to 100 bulbs. . - „ ,, var. ALBA, .£'3 each. - „ „ var. ALBIDA. Sepals and petals pure white, the expan^Ied piirt of ttie lip soft piuk, £2 ejich. -COMrARETTIA FALCATA, Piipp. et Endl. - „ SPECIOSA, Rchb. f -CYCNOCHES LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. . . -HOULLETL\ CHRYSANTHA (.?) - „ spec. (?) -LUDDEM.ANNIA LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. LYCASTE DENNINGIANA, Rchb. f. (?) - „ MESOCHL.ENA, Rchb. f. . . - „ spec. Sepals brown, petals and lip white - ,, spec. Flowers white . . - ,. XYTRIOPHORA, Lindl. et Rchb. f. . . -MASUEVALLIAS.— These plants, not tra- velling unless attended to personally on the voyage, the naming of species has been omitted here. Special arrangements for large orders may be made. MAXILLARIA FRACTIFLEXA, Rchb. f. - „ GRANDIFLORA, Lindl - „ LEHMANNIA, Rchb. f - „ LEPIDOTA, Lindl - ,, „ var. ALBIDA, Rchb. f - „ LUTEO ALBA - „ SANDERIANA, Rchb. f - „ spec. aff. M. FRACTIFLEXA ■ „ .spec. aff. M. LEHMANNI. — Flowers 16 — IS cm. (6—7 inches) across ; sepals white, at the apex rose ; petals ^vhite, streaked with rose ; lip rose, streaked with purple, the inside yellow, This is the rarest and mo.st beautiful of the genu'5 - „ Spec. Flowers as large as the pre- ceding, liut very distinct. Very rare -MESOSPINIDIUM SANGUINEUM, Rchb. f - „ ROSEUM, Rchb, f - ., VULCANICUM, Rchb. f -ODONTOGLOSSUM ANGUSTATUM, Lindl - „ CIRRHOSUM, Lindl - „ CLAVICEPS, Rchb. f - „ CRISPUM, Lindl - ., „ var. LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. - ,, CRISTATELLUM, Rchb. f - „ EDUARDI, Rchb. f - „ EPLDEXDROIDES, H. B. Kth. . . - „ HALLI, Lindl - „ var. XANTHOGLOSSUM, Rchb. f... - ., HARRYANUM, Rchb. f - „ LEHMANNI, Rchb. f - „ LUTEO-PURPUREUM, Lindl. - „ ,, var. Flowers smaller - „ „ var. SCEPTRUM - „ PARDINUM, Lindl - „ POLY-XANTHUM, Rchb. f - „ RAMOSISSIMUM. Lindl - „ „ var. XANTHINUM PRICE. 20 0 15 0 Per 100. £ t:. d. 9 0 0 15 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 15 0 0 35 0 0 15 0 0 12 0 0 15 0 0 18 0 0 75 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 15 0 15 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 6 0 0 10 0 0 8 0 0 20 0 0 8 0 0 30 0 0 50 0 0 6 0 0 8 0 0 10 0 0 8 0 6 0 10 0 8 0 6 0 9 0 8 0 20 0 7 0 7 0 15 0 25 0 8 0 G 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 10 0 8 0 Per 1000. * s. d. 60 0 0 100 0 0 100 0 0 75 0 0 100 0 0 125 0 0 35 0 0 60 0 0 75 0 0 40 0 0 lOU 0 0 35 0 0 40 0 0 60 0 0 50 0 0 40 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 40 0 0 60 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 45 0 0 45 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No. 64.— 0 D 0 N T 0 G L b S S U M R 0 E Z L I , Rchb. f 65.— „ VEXILLARIUM, Rchb. f 66.— „ „ var. RUBELLUM 67.— „ „ var. LEHMANNI, Rchb. f. . . 68.— „ WALLISI, Rchb. f 69.— ONCIDIUM AURIFERUM, Rchb. f. . . 70.— „ JAMESONI, Lindl 71.— „ KRAMERl, Rchb. f 72.— „ NUBIGENUM, Lindl 73.— ,. OBRYZATUM, Rchb. f 74.— „ OLIVACEUM H. B. Kth. (CUCUL- LATUMvar. MACROCHILUM, Lindl.) ... 75.— „ PYRAMIDALE, Lindl 76.— ONCIDIUM VIRGULATUM, Rchb. f. . . 77.— „ WELTONI (FUSCATUM, Rchb. f.) 78.— „ XANTIKK'EXTRGN, Rchb. f. 79.— „ (CYRTOCIULUM) MACRAN- THUM, Lindl 80.— „ ( „ ) „ var. HASTIFERUM . . 81.— „ ( „ ) SERRATUM, Lindl. 82. — J, ( » ) spec. nov. — spike 50- -SO cm. high. Sepals chestnnt-brown ; petals yellow, spotted with brown. Very rare 83— „ ( „ ) spec 84.— „ ( „ ) UNDULATUM, Lindl. .. 85.— PAPHINIA RUGOSA 86.— PERISTERIA ELATA 87.— RESTREPIAANTENNIFERA,H.B.Kth. 88.— „ GUTTULATA, Lindl 89.— RODRIGUEZIA SECUNDA, H. B. Kth. . . 90.— „ (BURLINGTONIA) NEO-GRANA- DENSIS 92.— SCHOMBURGKIA UNDULATA (?) . . 93.— SELENIPEDIUM (CYPRIPEDIUM) HARTWEGI. Rchb. f 94.— „ ( „ ) RETICULATUM, Rchb. f. 95.— „ ( „ ) WALLISI, Rch. f. i)6.— „ ( „ ) ROEZLI, Itchb. f 97.— STANHOPEA BUCEPHALUS, Lindl. . . 98.— „ CONNATA, Kltzsch 99. — „ spec. — Flowersorange,spottedwithpurple 100. — „ spec. — Flowers white, with a little purple in the interior of the liypochil 101.— „ TRICORNIS, Lindl 102.— TRICHOCENTRUM spec. — Flowers pale yellow; lip spotted with red 103. — „ spec, nov 104.— „ TIGRINUM 105.— TRICHOPILIA FRAGRANS, Rchb. f. . . 106.— „ LAXA, Rchb. f 107.— UROPEDIUM LINDENI, Lindl. 108.— ZYGOPETALUM (BOLLEA) CCELESTE, Rchb. t 109.— „ (PESCATOREA) DAYANUM, Kchb. f 110.— „ „ KLABOCHORUM, Rchb. f. . . 111.— „ „ LEHMANNI, Rchb. f 112.— „ „ ROEZLI (EUGLOSSA), Rchb. f. 113.— „ (KEFERSTEINIA) GRAMINEUM, Bchb. f 114. — ., ,, spec. 115—. ;, (WARSCEWICZELLA) VELA- TUM, Rchb. f 116. — „ ,, spec. 117. „ (CHONDRORHYNCHA) CHESTER- TONI, Rchb. f 118.— EUCHARIS GRANDIFLORA, Planch. (MASTERSI. Bak.) 119.— „ SANDERIANA, Bak 120.— HIPPEASTRUM (AMARYLLIS) SOL- ANDR^EFLORUM. Herb., var. ALBUM 121.— PILEDRANASSA CHLORACEA, Herb. 122.— „ LEHMANNI, Rgl 123.— „ SCHIZANTHA, Bak 124.— „ VENTRICOSA, Bak. 125.— STENOMESSON AURANTIAGUM. . I PRICE. Per 100. 1 £ S. d. 10 0 0 10 0 0 8 0 0 10 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 15 0 0 20 0 0 15 0 0 35 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 10 0 0 25 0 0 50 0 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 15 0 0 10 0 0 30 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 6 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0 20 0 0 15 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 0 3 10 0 5 0 9 2 0 0 5 0 0 3 0 0 Per 1000. £ ». d. 76 0 0 75 0 0 00 0 0 75 0 0 40 0 0 35 0 0 50 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 35 0 0 45 0 0 40 0 0 40 0 0 100 0 0 125 0 0 100 0 0 75 0 0 50 0 0 40 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0 50 0 0 25 0 0 30 0 0 15 0 0 20 0 0 COXDITIONS.— Prices are quoted in English Sterling, and where not otherwise stated, relate to plants collected from their natural habitat, delivered free of all charges at the port of shipment. From there Buyers take ail risk and expense. The price per 1000 plants is charged on orders of 500 and upwards ; that per 100 plants on orders from 50 and upwards. On orders of 2000 plants of the same species a reduction of 15 per cent, is allowed ; while on less than 50 plants of the same species a higher rate of 50 per cent, is charged. The packing is executed under F. C. Lehmann's personal care, and the methods employed are those which an experience of over twelve years has proved to give the best results ; but under no condition w ill he hold himself responsible for the state or condition of the plants on their arrival; and Consignments once shipped at the port are entirely at the risk and expense*t the persons who have ordered them. To secure the arrival of the Plants in good condition. Consignments— if not expressly otherwise ordered— will be dispatched only when the Plants are in fit condition to travel ; the months being January to April, and .luly to October ; and as the communication in this country is defective and wearisome, and the months being few during w hich shipments can be made, orders should be sent in as early as possible, so Its to allow ample time for their execution. The amount of the Orders will be covered by Bills of Exchange drawn on the issue of the Bills of Lading ; amounts uinh^r £-^5 payable three days after sight ; above that amount 90 days after sight. Payments may also be effected through Messrs. KOSINa BROTHERS & CO., 10, BaSlnghaU Street, London, E.C. 100 TEE GAB DENE RS' CHRONICLE. [Jancaey 26, 1889. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such maguitudi? that, without seeiug it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN INSPECTION FROM INTENDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight sterna, fine heads, and splendid roots. All fiave been transplanted ictthin wo years: — ACACIA BESSONIANA. IJ to U feet; A. SEMPERFLO- RENS, 12 to 14 feet; ACER UASYCARFUM. 12 to IB feet; A. DASYCARPUM WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Slnndanla. 8 to 10 feet ; A. LEO- POLDII. 12 to 14 feet; A. REITENliACHII. 12 to 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERII. 12 to 16 feet; A, WURLEYII, Stimlarda, 12 to 14 feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common. 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 to 16 feet. CHE.STNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet. 12 to 16 feet; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey, 12 feet. LIMES, 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet ; PLANES. 12 to 10 feet. POPLAR Bl ILLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SY'CAMOKE. Common, 14 to 16 feet ; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weepinj^, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 3 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyraraitls, 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards. 8 to 9 f«et. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWORTH, HERTS. TEA DnOCC) ^ grand stock, in .vin. pots, 12s. & 18s. doz. I t A nUuLU ( A grand stock, in 7-in. pots, 24s. & .Tos. doz. (^ Black Hamburgh and other varieties. PDADC l/IUrQ J Suitableforfruitinginpots,10s.6i/.each UnArL 1 1 HlO*) Suitable for planting vineries, 5s. and (. 7s. ^d. each. Fr n II Q * A fine stock, in 5-iuch pots, 12s. per dozen. t n n U 't A tine stock, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Catalogue/! on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), LIMITED, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, OARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL. SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAREFULLY SELECTED, AND FKO-M WHICH MAY BE EXPl^CTKD THE BEST RESULTS EVER VET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copioii", Interesting, and Reliable Information, RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEEB MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A mimbiT of lin. Mt nanifd and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an un mual pacrifice, growing on land sold In a ^tpeculator who is Cutting up the Estate. These plants (iindi-r pressure to give pOMft>^8,siun) are offered at a losa of 60 to ifi per cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE, BagBhot. L ILIUM AURATU M.— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purcha-ied in Casf?i containing 50 tine Bulbs, just as received from the .lapanese Bulb Farms, iinopeneti ami unexamined, at 25s. perCaae ; sent Free to aiiv Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Oriier for 2'M. S.hl. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 40.s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., tis., 9s., 12s., and 18s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. ^d. and 3s. lad. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. IRMINGHAM PRIMULAS. — Exhibitors B and judges know well that Birmingham Primulas have been for many years, and still are, far ahead the best known ; and the varieties Marquis of Lome, Princess Louise, Tlie Queen, Emperor. Lady R, Churchill, Pope's Blue, all raised by our foreman, Mr. Rose, are atill the best known, and, where exhibited, win. No others have a chance. They have wou every prize at Birmingham for many years, except where debarred from competition. Gentlemen, who have not seen a Birmingham Primula Show, we ^hall be pleased to send a few blooms, on receipt of 3 stamps for box and postage. Mixed Packets of all the best sorts, 5s. ; Ditto, small packet, 2s. Gd. ; or separate, if required, at 2s. 6rf. to f'S. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen. &c., 15. Phillip's Street, Birmingham. 90 000 GOOSEBERRIES.— Best Market ^yj»f\y\jy' sorts. AU nice clean, healthy, and well- rooted plants of the following varieties: — Warrington Red. Whitesmiths' Crown Bob, &c., at 12s. tJrf. per lOO. £5 per lOUi.1, For Cash with Order. Sample dozen, 2s. 6rf. Packing free. JOSHUA GREENACRE, Stone Hilla Nurseries. Norwich. TREES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. Palms, Healthy, In Quantity. WICETON, Putney, S.W., has a very fine • stock of the above toofferin all sizes ; also a few fine extra large fruiting PEACH TREES, &c. 129 and 130, Flower Market Covent Garden. W.C. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES. SHRUBS. ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS. &c., which are in tine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 miles, CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, Hardy Climbers, Rhododendrons, Conifers, Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees. &c., in large varieties and quantities, ailapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JACKMAN and SON. Woking Nursery, Surrey. The Earliest Cabbage in Cultivation. LIGHTNING !-LIGHTNING ! !— LIGHTNING ! ! ! OA K S II 0 T T AND MILLARD hold the entire stock of this grand Cabbage. From Mr. W. Mfad, Hend Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Barrinuton. ^ecAe/C Parh, 1883 ;—" Your 'Light- ning' f'abbage is the quickest-growing Cabbage I know; grand llavonr. I am quite sure it will become very popular in all gardens." Price, Is. Gt/. per packet, of most leading Seedsmen, or post- free of OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD, Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application,— BICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties. Is., 2s. l?jrn"< J SEED, Is. . -j TUBERS, 5s., Is.ftd., \0s. Gd., 15s.. 20s. doz. R OWEN, F.N.C.S.. Floral Nursery. Maidenhead. FENCES-MYROBALANorGHERRY PLUM (PKUWUS MYROBALANA) is the be^t ?lul"f for mending old fences or making new ones. Grows well on poorest soils. Shoots very hard and spiny. — Prices and ull particulars on application to EWING & CO., Havant, Hampshire, RENDER'S PETUNIAS ARE TUB BEST. Seed saved from finest large striped flowers, carefully hybridised. Habits very dwarf. Very floriferous. Awarded Certificate of Merit Devon and Exeter Hort. Soc, IS^S HENDER'S SINGLE STRIPED, \s. and 2s. per packet. BENDER'S DOUBLE FRINGED, Is. 6d. and ;Js. per pkt. Supplied in sealed packets only. Printed in gold. RENDER'S VEGETABLE SEEDS (Best Quality) — Peas, from Sd, ; Beans, bd, per quart ; I. rue oli, 'ikl. per ounce; Cabbage, id. ; Carrot, tkt. ; Lettuce 6d. ; U ions, id. per oz. ; 11 vars. Flower Seed*, post-free. Is. Hender'a Select Seed List Post free. HENDEB & SONS. Plymouth. CANNELL'S BEGONIAS. Not only is our C'atalof^ue the liest, most com- plete, and wonderfully illustrated and descriptive, but our whole strain of Begonias is totally dif- ferent and far nearer perfection than any nther.s in the world. The exact treatment is ^iveu therein of how we grew the nine plants which took the 1st Prize at IJegent's Park, on which occasion we positivt^ly drove se\'en other com- petitors who had entered complet0 bushel?* piT acre, and sold them at a very good priee. I lOnsider it the be^t early Pea yet introduced. Please reserve for me <.> bushels for this next season, as I should be sorry to lose them. You are iinite at liberty to use this in any way you think proper." Price 2s. Gd. per quart. Sj^wcial quotations per bushel. OAKSHOTT AM> MILLARI>. Seedsmen to the Queen. Reading. A^'HOLESALK SEED CATALOGUE for tV 1889.— We have now pnblished our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not haviug received one by post will oblige by letting VIS know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS AND SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand. London. \\'.C. ; Seed and Trial Grounds, Feltham and Twickenham. Middlesex. Garden and Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &c. CG. VAN T U B E R G E N , J u n ., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may bo liad free on application to Messrs. R. SILEERRAD and SON, 25. Savage Gardeus, Crutched Friars. Loudon. E.C. I^llKEST TREES.— Surplus Offer of really high-class stocks, and at special low prices. ALUER. Common. 1^ to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 6 feet, extra tine, at 105,, !2s. 6rf.. and \bs. per 1000. CHESTNUTS. Horse. IJ to 2, 2 to 2J, aud 2^ to 3 feet, extra fine, at 20s., 2bs. and 30s. per 1000. POPLAR, Black Italian, 2 to 4, and 3 to 5 feet, extra fine, at lbs. and 20s. \>er 1000. ., Balaam, 2 :. to 4, and 3 to 5 feet, extra line, at I5s. and 20*-. per 1 WILLOW, Goa . ' to 4 feet, extra fine, at 17s. 6d. per 1000. SPKUOE. Norway, 6 to 12 inches, transplanted, at 5s. per 1000. FIR. Native Scotch, 2-yr.. 2-yr. transplanted, short, at 6s. ^^er 1000; 1-yr., 1-yr. transplanted, fine, at 3s. per 1000; 2-yr. Seedlings, extra fuie. at 2s. per 1000. If nece?wry, samples free, and sent carriage paid. General Nursery PRICE LIST, aud Special Quotations for any other kinds of stocks. Distance no object ; send largely to South of England. JOHN GRIGOH and CO., Nurseries, Forres, N.B. RUE NATIVE SCOTS FIR.— 600.000 stout, extra rooted, 1^ to 2 feet, aud 2 to 2^ feet, cheap, to clear ground. T. MATHESON, Nurseries, Morpeth. To the Trade. C WICKS or WHITE THORNS, about ^ 2.000,000 to offer. Splendid strong fibrous rooted stuff can be supplied us follows, for cash on rails : — 2-yr.-old, 7s. per lOOO ; 3-yr.-old. grand stuff, principally 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, 10s. per 1000; 4 and 5-yr.-old, transplanted, 15s, aud 20s. per lUOO; picked for gap stopping, 30s, per 1000. PRI\'BT, 155.. 20s., 30s., and 40s. per 1000, BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 feet. 40s. per 1000 ; OS. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Post-office Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE. NurserjTaan. &c., Kiverford House, Biggles- wade. Bedfordshire. "CANNELL'S" AM. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK begs to • intimate that he has a few Vacancies for Young Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of his tuition in PRACTICAL and THEORETICAL HORTICULTURE. BOTANY. BOTANICAL TERMINOLOGY. LANDSCAPE GAKDENTNG. BOOK-KEEPLNG. and COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE in DUTCH. GERMAN, ENGLISH, an.l I'RENCH. The highest possible references, English and Continental, can be given. — Full particulars as to terms. &c., upon application. A. M. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK. Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemevaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. EED POTATOS. — Gentlemen's Gardeners and others requiring a thorough change of Seed, will do well to send for estimate, stating aorta and quantities required, and save 25 per cent. COOKIXG POTATOS.— A few tons of very choice Cooking Potatos for sale, cheap, by sack or ton. Sumple grati-i. BRINKWORTH AND SONS. Growers, Reading, I A( J C 0 N I F E R S in 50 distinct I.V/V7 varieties for ,=>0s. 100 ORNAMENTAL TREES, in bO distinct varieties, including many variegated, golden, and purple varieties for ,50s. 100 DECIDUOL'S SHRl'BS, in 60 distinct varieties for 20s. 100 EVERGREEN SHRUBS, in 50 distinct varieties for 30s. 100 ROSES, in 50 distinct varieties, of H.P., Bdoss. Tea. &c for 35s. 100 RHODODENDRONS, in 50 distinct varieties ... for lOOs. iOO HERBACEOUS PLANTS, in oO fine varieties ... for 205, 100 PRIMULAS, in 50 distinct varieties for 50e. CATALOGUE of Names, free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. OR SALE, 12,000 ASPARAGUS ROOTS, Connover's Colossal, 6 years old, in fine condition for Forcing, land being required for other purposes. Price, 25s. per IOOOh in lote of 500 or 1000. Apply, G. D. VALLANCE, Treseo. Scilly. Cornwall. It is a settled question that our seeds (200 acres), owing to our sunny position, warmer and better soil, are a lot the best, the difference between them .-lud those grown farther north, bought and sold half-a-dozen times by those who never grow a grain, is immense. Have them direct from us, the AcTlfAL Gkowf.rs. at nearly wholesale prices, effecting a great saving. Numerous First-class Certificates the last quarter of a century stamp ours the best strains. All Seeds Carriage Free except heavy kinds. Send for ours, the best Illustrated Catalogue ever issued. From Mrs. O'Reillv. Co/amber. Bathowen. October 16. 1888. " I wish to say that having tested most of the seeds supplied in England and Ireland for years. I found your supply more generous, the yield better aud more certain than the others, and have this year decided ou getting all my garden seeds from you." SEED GROWERS and MERCHANTS, SWANLEY, KENT. /) R^c,' The^best \-alue in Garden Seeds is obtainable by purchasing CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S COLLECTIONS OF GARDEN SEEDS. 10s, 6d, 155. 2lB, 30s, 42s, 63s. each. Package aud Delivery Free. Write for Descri jjtwe Catalogue to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFOBD. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Go.'s selection, 8«. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to gioe the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; fll the beat New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18<. to 36«, per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD~SIV1ITH & CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate, Delivered free by Bail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST FEEE ON APPLICATION. ICXS-SOIM-S (Limited) The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, ^^IT.:1%1^.: } Dicksons, Chester. Letters & Telegbams THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT rNSTITUTION. At ft Geurrul Meeting of the Subscribers to this Institution, held on WEDNESDAY, the 16th January, 1889, for tho Election of New Pensioners on the Fund, tlio following was the result of the Ballot:— CANDIDATES, Votes, Name. Age. llJi STEPHEN EVANS 73 i)lH THOMAS MORLEY 79 77a .TOSEPH NORVAL 63 IJdo .TOHN ST.OWE 7e 1234 ELIZABETH SNOW 74 1917 WILLIAM HOLAH 67 1900 HELEN W. LES,SELLS 72 161.5 MARGARET MALCOLM 6» 593 JAMES MANDERSON 6.5 718 ELIZABETH POLLARD 78 1729 CEORGE READ .58 1636 CHRISTOPHER ROBINSON 77 965 HENRY BERRY 73 385 .TAMES EDMONDS 83 983 WILLIAM FOWLE 68 114 GEORGE FRICKER 73 4.52 .JOHN ORIMSHAW 78 111 JOHN HOOPER 79 1383 ELIZABETH KEMBER 83 2014 SARAH NAYLOR 61 1.587 CHARLOTTE NEWELL 64 274 WILLIAM NIXON 61 174 CLEMENT PRESTON 76 1313 .TAMES PRUST 64 The Meetiug then dechired John Slone, Wiliam Holah. Helen W. Lessells, Marcaret Malcolm, George Read, Christo- S her Robinson, Eliicabeth Kember, Sarah N'aylor, and Charlotte ewell, as having the greatest number of votes, duly elected Pensioners of this Institution, from Ihe 25th December, 18H8. By Order. EDWARD ROGER CUTLER, Secretary. 60, Parliament Street, S.W., January 19, 1889. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and STTBSOB.IFTIONS WILL BE THANKTULLY RECEIVED B7 A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Rojal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiawiok, London, W. To the Trade. POTATOS for SEKD. MYATT'S PROLIFIC EARLY ASHLEAF KIDNEY, splendid stuff; a large quantity to offer at 90s. per ton, on rails ; 5s, per ewt. do. Also BEAUTY OF HEBRON, at 9Us. per ton ; 5s. per cwt. WHITE ELEPHANT, at 80s. per ton ; 4s. Gd. per cwt. EARLY ROSE, very hue, at 80s. per ton ; 4s. 6rf. per cwt. SCHOOLMASTER (TurLer's True), at 90s. per ton ; 5s. per cwt. SUTTON'S EARLY REGENT (True), at 90s. per ton ; 5s. per cwt,, on raiL>*, for cash. Sacks to hold 1 cwt., 6i-<3a THE EARLIEST POTATO. SHARPE'S VICTOR. 6d. per Pound. Ready for lifting in eight or ten weeks after planting. 4 lbs. delivered free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. All Persons who are engaged in Gardening should demand the Descriptive and Illustrated PRICE LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS from OSKAR KNOPFF & CO., SEED GEOWEES, EEFUET, GEEMANY. E^ablished in the y>ar 1532. No. 1613, CARNATIONS, finest mixed, of our celebrated Collection. 100 seeds, 25. No. 1611. CARNATIONS, assortment of twelve fine sorts, each five seeds, as. 8(f. CARNATIONS and PICOTEES (Plants), Assortment of ten piecea, in ten fine varieties. Gs. Carriage Paid to all Post Stations of Great Britain. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES. PEARS, PLUIttS, CHERRIES. PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, as Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, escellent Canes. 3s. id.. 5s., 7s. id.. 10s. 6*. Orchard House Trees in pots, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES. &c., from 5s. FIGS from 3s. id. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms. Quality, Size, Form. Skin. Colour. Flesh. Flavour, Use. Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c.,free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limited) . rWllT f RW For Market and Private Growers. ORNAIVIENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. Desn-iptive CATALOGUES Fost-Jree. I PHEAL&SONS U'bM' Crawley, w Suss'te. THE PEA F"B EVERYBODY CARTERS' ANTICIPATION. We claim for tMs fine Marrowfat Pea complete and distinct Individuality. The .Siiprrinl.aident of the U"i/al llorticnltural Societi/'a (.ardeTis snys.-—" Should have l.peo called Realisation, so good i> it." The Marquix of Hariington's Head Gardener saijs: -"Amo^t • xoellent variety." JheEarlof Carnarvon' s Head iJardcner sar/s: — "Has grand massive pods." The Earl of .Stanley's Head (hardener says: — "This and Stratagem are the finest llavo- ured Pea." V'Rici: IX Sealkp Packets. 3s. 6d. per pint ; Post-free, 38. 9d. A ri^Al TIFL'LLV ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE Of this and uMkt SU-rlin^: Novrlties, containing SEVEN COLOURED PLATES Price 6d. ; Gratis to Ciis- immrs. ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANTS. 237&238,HICHH0LB0RN, LONDON. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This ia a sport from Daniels' White Elophant Potato, hut has the great advantage of having a pure white skiu. It is one o£ the Iieaviest croppers grown. Cooka p]ili>ndidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in lOmmcrco. Over 300 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, FomODa Farm, Withing- ton, Hereford. 3iiiuiJiiinMii!!iinni:i!i)niiii:i:iiniuiiiiii)iMiiiinHiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitt>nnui'j| I PLANTING SEASON. I i HARDILY-GROWN I i^OREST, ^RUIT,| E A ALL OTHER S I TREES E, PLANTS, | f Evergreens, Roses, &c. I I NlTRSKUms 40U ACRES. \ Largest d Finest Stocks in Europe. = inspection eallnestlt invited. = Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. E Estimates * *ll particulars on application. ^2, p. 7^, annofn Mary's l-'uncnil Si'rmon, hy Archbishop TilloUsoii :— " 0, how gooil, how huppy n lifrt was this, not of vfiin, Miiproiitatihi rasr, Imt of true usofuliu'ss and honour to her cDuutryl How iiniuct'nt were hor diversions, sui'h as gar- dening, and all oilier improvements,*' Sec. I See Sloan MS. .i.il.S. No. 1, &c. (i Sec Trrft:;}trt/ Papers. Ixiii.. 4.^, 6:!; Ixvii., \2. Minute Book. vol. ix..p. 256. JANUAHT 26, 1859.] THE GARDENEJ?S' CHRONICLE. 105 the two verges that are on the sides of the gravell walk being 4786 superticiall }■''" with y charge of \' Tuifl'e and all other charges of Cutting, Carting wheeling and laying at 4'' p y** To lay this ^Valk with gravell y"" length of y^ Lymes W"'' is 2261 it long 3''* ft. wide and 1 ft. thick will take up 3270 solid v''" at 5'' py" £4'J0 10 0 ''' To work and make all y' severall borders that are to be made for the use of planting y' line shap'd Kver-greens in, with tine Earth, and good rotten Dung, w*^^ to make 6 ft. wide and 3 ft. deep will containe 2835 solid yards, at 18^1 py* £210 0 0." (To be continued.) USEFUL FERNS. Considering the immense number of species and varieties, comparatively few Ferns are really useful for producing a pleasing etfect when arranged with foliage and flowering plants, or as single specimens ; if eflfect, rather than rarity be desired. At the pre- sent time Ferns are very extensively used for fur- nishing, and indeed the etfect produced by forming a good ground-work of fresh healthy Ferns, and a limited number of distinctly-coloured flowering plants, with a few taller specimens of Palms and Ferns as a relief, is far more pleasing than the mass- ing together of flowering plants of all colours, which even at the present time is too often seen. Adiantiims. — In making a selection of these the popular A. cuneatum holds the first place ; A. elegans closely resembles the above, but is of rather taller growth, with more spreading fronds. A. scutum, and several varieties which have been obtained from it, are very desirable, especially the varieties — Lathomi, Victori;t, Regime. The beautiful Austra- lian species, A. formosum, is very effective, and being comparatively hardy should find more favour than it seems to do at the present time. A. Mariesil t,syn. A. Raped), is a beautiful variety of the A. Capillus-veneris type, but with fronds of a much larger size. It is of good substance, and has a rich deep colour, and deserves to become popular. A. O'Brieni somewhat resembles this, but is not quite so broad in the pinnules. A. Williamsii has been in cultivation for a considerable time, but it is only recently that it has found much favour; when grown under cool treatment it is very elegant, and stands well after the fronds are well matured. Pteris. — Of these the various forms of P. serrulata and P. cretica are the most serviceable ; and varieties of both of these species are now so numerous that it is hardly worth while to give names, especially as some variation is to be found in almost all the named varieties; however, mention may be made of P. Ouverardi as one of the best forms of P. cretica, and P. cretica nobilis as the most distinct green- crested form. P. c. albo-lineata and the crested variety Mayii are both useful. P. serrulata major is generally sold as P. cretica in the market, and indeed it is difficult to separate the varieties of the two species. The various crested forms of P. serrulata find much favour. For stock purposes it is better to select the most desirable variety for any purpose rather than to depend upon any particular name. Pteris tremnla is also a popular Fern, which being of free growth, only requires plenty of room to establish good plants in a very short time. There are several distinct forms of this, P. t., foliosa being one of the best. Pteris longifolia may be included, and if two or three plants of this be grown together they will be much more useful than if potted singly. P, argyrea is also an effectual Fern, especially when grown in combination with some of the dwarf- growing forms of P. serrulata ; it is a little too straggling by itself, but with a green undergrowth of P. serrulata it is very pretty. Various other sorts may also be used in combination, such as P. haetata, P. cretica, &c. CyrtomiuhifalcatiiniXs another popular Fern ; there are two distinct forms of this, one with flat, broad pinnffi and rather short fronds, the other having longer fronds and the pinnse more narrow and curled backwards a little. It is also of a deeper shade of green. Asjykmiims. — Several of these are very useful. A. laxuui pumilum, A. ftuniculaceum, A. Colensoi, and A. bulbiferum may be selected as the most useful. rhlehodiu III aurruni is another very popular species, the distinct glaucous foliage forming a good contrast in colour, it is most serviceable where plants of a rather large size are wanted. P. sporodocarpum (glaucum) is also very pretty in growth ; it is rather smaller than the former, and has a more distinct bluish shade to the fronds. Lastrcas. — L. aristata variegata, L. erythrosora, and L. patens are the most useful: when well grown the latter forms a very i)retty table plant. Ont/chiuin japomcitm, grown on freely, makes a very useful plant, and of the dwarf-growing Ferns it is one of the best. iomtzna ^(Ma.— There are several different forms of this, but the original form, as sent out by Messrs. Veitch & Sons, is still the best. Xcphrolepis includes several very elegant species ; unfortunately they do not bear the hardships to which plants used for furnishing are usually subject, otherwise they would soon be very popular, although not so serviceable as most of the sorts enumerated, and the beautiful N, davallioides furcans, N. ensifolia, N. exaltata, and N. philippinensis must be included. Davallias. — This is another genus which is doubt- fully to be included in this list, yet they deserve attention, especially D. Mooreana. This, if divided from time to time before the plants get too vigorous, will make a very pretty pot plant in a small state. D. elegans, D. canariensis, and the very elegant D. Mariesi, if grown on freely, will all make very effective plants. Cultural Directions. — All the Ferns enumerated above may be readily increased either from spores, divisions, or, as is the case with the Aspleniums, from bulbils which are produced on the surface of the fronds ; and as it is necessary that plants for the purposes for which they are recommended should be fresh, clean, and healthy, a continual supply of young plants should be grown on. To obtain satis- factory results, it is essential that Ferns should be grown on freely from a young state. When they are allowed to stand long in small pots and to become starved it is difficult to get them into vigorous health again. Another important point is to give hem plenty of room, and a fair amount of light. It is agreat mistake to suppose that Ferns delight in semi- darkness, or that they can be grown satisfactorily under the shade of other plants. Pteris. MANURES FOR CHRYSANTHE- MUMS.* This is a subject of a very complex nature, as it is difficult to lay down rules of guidance that will be equally applicable for all districts. The best manures to apply to produce the highest results in Chrysanthemum culture can only be known by means of a wide series of experiments conducted in various parts of the country, the kinds ot manures being employed in the same manner, noting their effects at different stages of the growth of the plants, and reporting the results at the end of the season. It would then be seen which kind of manure was suitable for the soil in any particular locality, as much will necessarily depend upon the natural soil in determining how best to increase its fertility bv adding those constituents which it lacks. At the outset I mav say that I do not mean to treat the subject of manures in a scientific manner, but to bring forward facts as they have come under my notice in my own experience as a grower, with the addition of the opinions of some of our leading growers as founded on their practice. Fortunately for Chrysanthemum growers prepared manures are numerous and easily applied, while many are inexpensive. In conversation with dif- • A paper read by Jfr. E. Molyneua, Swanmore Park Gardens. Bishops Waltham, at the National "Chrysanthe- mum," Society's Conference, Jan. 9. ferent cultivators of the Autumn Queen in various parts of the country I have noted an almost entire absence of reserve in discussing this matter. The days of supposed " secrets " are over, and I am pleased to say that I have found men generally willing to assist each other by giving their opinions freely on the merits or demerits of any particular kind of manures that have been tried. Mr. Garnett makes a suggestion that might prove of much service to growers :— That the National Chrysanthemum Society procure samples of wood from plants which have produced the best blooms in all the sections, in say a dozen localities widely s])read. By special analysis of each sample of the growth we should get at some bases as to the best manure to apply to the soil to produce the best results in culture. Chrysanthemums, for whatever purpose they are cultivated, have such a short season of growth that they must have all the support that can be appro- priated usefully by them, and before the roots have exhausted the nutriment contained in the soil stimu- lants must be afforded, or a check will be received by the plants. What best to give, and how best to apply it, is what we all desire to know, and to that end we searching for information. Manure for mixing with the soil is the first con- sideration, as this is commencing at the foundation, so to speak ; the superstructure or full development of the plant to its utmost capacity is an after con- sideration, if, perhaps, of equal importance. Nitro- genous manures promote quick growth, but their excessive use must be avoided, in a wet season espe- cially. The chief of these are sulphate of ammonia and nitrate of soda. Phosphatic manures (bones in different forms) contribute to firmness of wood. Natural soil varies so much that a knowledge of its constituents is necessary before the cultivator knows what ingredient to add that the Chrysanthemum requires for its full development. Loam, as it is called, composed of the top spit of pasture, is con- sidered to be the best medium for the roots. The constitution of this is an all-important point to study. For instance, to soil that is of a light or sandy nature, additions should be made which will not be needed in that of a heavy nature, and consequently containing less sand or other lightening matter. Crushed oyster shells are considered by some to be beneficial to a light sandy soil, containing, as they do, carbonate of lime, which substance assists in the, maturation of the wood. Ground bones are bene- ficial to the plants when used with the soil in pot- ting, especially if the soil is light; but in the case of soil of a close retentive nature they should not be used so freely, as they have a tendency to clog the soil and create sickly-looking foliage. This is especially noticeable in wet seasons. Soil which is of a heavy nature, in which the fibrous parts quickly decay, does not require so much manure mixed with it; first, because such is not needed in the early stages ; and, later, it is apt to bind the soil more closely together. Soil of this nature is much worse to deal with than that that is lighter in character, as stimulants cannot be given nearly so freely as where the soil is more porous. Soil that is liable to " run together " when the fibre decays should have more lightening materials added, such as charcoal, wood-ashes, and old mortar ; the two former are especially good for this purpose. Natural manures are, no doubt, of great service when used in a proper manner. The best for mixing with soil of any kind is horse-droppings, as they contain ammonia. They should be prepared as if for a Mushroom-bed ; in this manner the manure ia sweetened, while much of the ammonia is retained. At the final potting horse-dung should be used in the proportion of two parts to four of light soil, and one part to three of heavy loam. Cow manure is not good for mixing with the soil on account of its pasty nature when fresh, and when decayed the qualities wanted have departed. Some use it in the, fresh state mixed with soil for top-dressing the plants but where the loam is stiff I think cow manure too heavy also, and liable to keep the soil cold. Soot is a valuable manure in the growth of Chrysanthemums, 10^ HE VAn'Di^NSh'S' (jniioKiCLis. [J.VncarV -X. i-Ns3. eitlier for luixi.ig with lln; suil or f.jr usii)^' in a liquid state. When used with the soil in potting it should be done in a cautions manner, as any excess is liable to injure the roots. A 6-inch potful to 4 bushels of soil is a safe quantity to mix with any kind of soil. Artificial manures are noiv largely tned by Chry- santhemuin growers, owing to the easy m.xnner in which they can be applied ; the convenient form in which they can be obtained by those persons who have not the opportunities of obtaining animal manures ; and laaly, for the reason that they are so efficacious. Thomson's vine and plant manure is one deserving of notice, as it possesses qualities well suited to the gi-owth of these plants. In potting the plants, to 1 peck of soil we add one H-inch potful of manure. For top-dressing the plants during Augu.st this manure is excellent, encouraging free root-aelion on the surface of the soil. For stimulating during the summer, especially in wet weather, when it is not possible to give liquid manure, this manure is good — the dose one teaspoonful to a 10-inch pot, say once a fortnight. Mr. JIcKen/.ie, Linton Park, and Mr. Doughty, speak very highly of this manure. Beeson's is another of the artihcial manures largely employed in the growth of Chrysanthemums ; it creates good lirm growth without being too gross, and preserves a health colour in the foliage. Sur- face-roots are freely made when the plants are top- dressed with it in the proportion of a 0.}-inch potful to 1 peck of soil. For mixing with the soil at pot- ting-time we use 2 lb. of manure to 1 bushel of soil. In the North of England this manure is largely used, and is highly spoken of by Mr. T. B. Morton, Dar- lington, who is a successful grower, ytauden's manure is highly valued ; some of the best blooms I have had were grown by the aid of this manure, used at the rate of 1 lb. to 1 bushel of soil, also used after- wards at the rate of 1 teaspoonful to a 'J-inch pot once in ten days. Mr. Mease, who has cause to be satislied with his successes, speaks highly of Standen's. " Jchthemic guano " is favoured by many growers and with good cause, as their productions testify. Where this manure is used the plants retain a healthy colour without the growth being too gross— a sure sign that the manure suits them. For potting, to o bushels of soil add J peck of guano ; for use in a liquid state give a 6.J-inch potful to 3B gallons of water. Jensen's guano is highly approved by some prowers, used at the rate of a 10-inch potful to 15 bushels of soil, also applying the guano in a liipiid state once a week at the rate of 1 teaspoonful to 1 gallon of water. Clay's fertiliser is another manure that is used with good results, as Mr. .). Doughty can testify by the blooms staged by him at the recent show at the Aquarium, which were some of tlie best seen during the season ; he sprinkles it on the surface occasionally to be watered in, commencing its use in August. There are other kinds of manure which need further time for completing experiments before I can speak with accuracy as to their merits. Nitrate of soda is the rpiickest in action of any manure that I have tried. It is useful to give once or twice should the plants not appear to be making free growth after final potting ; at that time nitrate of soda excites and prepares the plants for other food, which will tend to solidify the growth thus made. Should the season promise to be a wet one nitrate of soda must not be used, as it would cause a greater difficulty in ripening the growth made. Half a tea- spoonful to a 10-inch pot, crushing the soda finely, spreading it on the surface, and watering it in once or twice at the most, according to the season, will be henelicial, but on no account must it be used if the plants are not well supplied v, ith active roots. Sul- phate of ammonia, in careful hands, is excellent and is, perhajis, unequalled ae a stimulant, but it must not he used unwisely. My experience of it is that it imparts colour to the leaves of the plants and richness to the blooms, which is not excelled by any other manure. The cultivator should be guided by ilie state of the weather at the time of its applica- ti ja, and also by the state of the roots of the plants ; indeed, this is the all-important point to consider. Sulphate of ammonia should not be given to the plants until tliey are well furnished with roots. Used in safe quantities in a liquid form is the correct way to apply it. Some growers sav that sulphate of ammonia tends to make the blooms damp, and I think they are i-ight when it is used injudiciously; for instance, too strong doses often kill tiie roots, not only on the surface, but half-way do«n the soil in the pots; especially is this the case when the sul- phate is put on the soil in a dry state and watered in. From e.xperiraents made during the past season, I am able to say that plants of all the sections in our collection were supplied with water which contained sulphate of ammonia every time the plants recjuirerl water, from the time the buds were swelling freely until the blooms were developed, with the result that there was less damping of the blooms, including those of Emju'ess of India, a notoriously bud " damper, than u]ion other plants treated dirt'erently. Of course, the plants were iu good condition for receiving so much sulphate of ammonia, the pots and surface were full of roots, while the growth was not sappy. This was an experiment made purely to test the effect of this stimulant on the damping of the blooms, but I cannot say'that the blooms were of the best ; the flowers in the incurved section showed a ten- dency to coarseness and hoUowness in the centre. The best way to apply sulphate of ammonia is by dissolving a quarter of an ounce in 1 gallon of weak liquid manure from the farmyard tank, commencing as soon as the flower buds are swelling freely, in- creasing the strength gradually until half an ounce is given to each gallon of water : to be applied once a week. Dissolved bones are perhaps better in some soils than ground bones, as they act quicker. Especially ai-e they preferable for heavy soils. Mixed with turfy loam, two parts to one of the bonemeal, applied as a top-dressing early in August, the roots quickly And their way into it, while tiie continued waterings wash the virtues down among the roots. Animal manures used for making liquid food for the plants are much appreciated when they can be obtained. Sheep dung forms a capital liquid manure if placed fresh from the fields in a bag to prevent the numure dissolving and mixing with the water, and rendering it too thick. By placing the bag in a tub or tank of water and allowing it to soak for twelve hours, the water will be ready for use. Cow manure used in the same way is good. Drainings from manure heaps are also good. These should be applied weak and often, rather than strong and seldom iu the latter form the roots being more liable to be injured by it. Having named the manures which have come under my notice, I will now state the time when I think the use of them ought to be commenced and how. It is not intended that any one person should use all those named. Experience only will teach accurately those which are best suited to each locality. Some people consider the plants ought to be supplied with stimulants when they are in small pots previously to being finally potted, but my exi)e- rience does not lead me to adopt this plan. 1 tiiiuk the proper time to commence the use of stimulants is when the roots have taken full possession of the soil, after the final potting. Some say that feeding should not commence until the flower-buds are formed. This I think is a mistake, because in some cases the buds do not form until the middle of Sep- tember. From this time until the plants are in bloom is too short a space to allow them a chance of dei'iving much benefit from manures. The plants ought to be fed before they form their buds, so that they will be strong at that critical pejiod. !)uring the time the buds ar<' forming the plants should nut be excited by giving them stimulants, these being better reserved until after the buds are set and com- mencing to swell. The applications may be in- creased in strength as the buds swell satisfactorily. The character of the season roust be taken into account when deciding the quantity of stimulants the plants shall receive, and the nature of the soil, also if it be heavy or light. In a wtt season liie iiinnure given should be on a small scale compared with the quantity required on a dry one, as wet summers are inimical to the maturation of the growth, and an excess of stimulating manures would aggravate this evil, and the plants fail in producing flowers of the finest quality. We commence with soot-water at first. One bushel of soot |)Ut into a bag will be ample for a tank holding 100 gallons of water. We give this every time the plants require water, foi- a week, then with- hold it for three weeks, when it is again used, this time with liquid from the farmyard tan',lauts sent with a large " ball " of earth ; for it must be understood that all ]plants are knocked out of pots except where otherwise requested. All the popular and standard sorts are grown, but none are so well known or so much sought after as American Beauty— a seedling louiul in the gardens of Mr. Bancroft, the historian, at Washington, who has perhaps the finest collection of Roses in the country. In American Beauty we have a Rose of large size, having the ever-blooming qualities of the Tea Rose, with the delicious odour of the Damask, or Moss Rose, consequently efpially valuable lor JAM-Aln- UVl. l«S"il Tlll^ 0 A IW A' -V I; iV 5- C 11 ii 0^1 CL L\ 167 wiutfi- ur Muuiiiei- ri>nv,.Tiii^'. In colour it is deep brilliant iiiiik, shaJed towards the centre with rich carmine." The whole of the houses are built oil the most modern principle, after Mr. Henderson's special design, the ra.ijority being span rooted, and the balance three-quarter si)an : length, lOll hy :;0 feet. Almost tlie first house we enter is filled with the true Easter or Bernuida Lily (Liliura LongiHuruni, Harris' variety), of which there are about JDOO in full bloom, forming such a sight of jdants as before never saw, and coming into bloom, as they do, at this time of year, it is one of the finest Lilies for forcing extant : and to give some idea of its popu- larity, Mr. Henderson states that he sold last season over L'tlO.tMl bulbs. Nearly every other house is filled with Roses in dirt'erent stages of awakening from the rest they have been allowed during the last few months, but the great feature of the block is the Kose-house, an immense structure three-quarter span, constructed ol wood and iron. I'.s dimensions are y.'i(l by 20 feet, and it is heated by steam — a means of heating, I believe, never attempted in England, but greatly ad- vocated by Mr. Henderson, who says in his Prarliml Uorticuitttrc : — Stkam-ueati.m;, 'Two years ago, to satisfy myself of the relative merits of hot-water and steam heating for green- house purposes. I erected a U «e-houie .'iiO by ijlj leet. This 1 heated by steam alongside anollier Kose- house of exactly the same dimensions heated by hot- water. These have given me an opportunity for a comparative test, and I find the result in favour of steam ; first, that it saves l'5 per cent, in fuel ; second, that our firemen say that steam boilers require less Labour; and third, that the steam pipes, by the use of valves, are more easily controlled than the hot-water pipes. But above all it must be certain, on a large scale at least, heating by steam must be cheaper than hot-water. From our e-xperience with steam, I believe, that, whenever greenhouses are erected to the extent of 5000 sqiiare feet of glass surface, steam should be used in prel'erence to hot water; if for smaller areas it may be that hot water would be best. As far as health of plants is concerned there is nothing to choose ; for allhongh a steam pipe with a low pressure radiates at from '21-!° and over, and a hot water pipe at about an average of 100', yet at G inches from either pipe the temperature is almost identical, radiation is rapid, anyone doubting this can easily test it by the thermometer. Leaving out the question of the cost of boilers, which ought to be the same for the amount of work to be done, we find that a l}-inch pipe, when heated by steam, does almost exactly the same amount of work as a 4-inch hot-water pipe ; at present prices the former costs 6 cents per foot, while the latter costs 20 cents. Thus, the piping costs three times more for hot water, than for steam, but so far there has been comparatively little difterence in estimates between the two, owing probably to the steam heating of greenhouses being in so few hands." There are four raised benches with a small foot- way down the centre of the two middle benches, also between those against the "walls." It is here that the Roses are grown for cut flowers during the Christmas and winter months. The Roses are planted out a foot each way, and comprise the following varieties, they having proved best to force ;— Perle des Jardins, Sunset, Xiphetos, Catherine Mermet, Mr. F. Bennett, JIagna Charta, and American Beauty, the last-named fetching as much as one or two dollars apiece, or 4s. 2'K and 8*. 4rf. respectively. The house is simply gorgeous now with a large batch of Magna Charta in splendid bloom. Other houses are filled with young Chrysanthe- mums, Jfoonflowers, Carnations, Coleus, Fuclisias, Pelargoniums, Verbenas, &c., the majority ofwhich is soft-wood, this seeming to find more favour amongst the Americans, who have not yet learnt to appreciate bard-wooded plants, &c., to any extent. Jlr. Henderson si ales in his catalogue that he had sold during the season over otlOOO Ipomoa (or Calonyctron) grandirtora, or Jloonfiower as it is called here, and which finds immense favour. Some idea may be given as to the extent of the annual sale of iilants when we say that it exceeds L'oUO.OOU; these do not include plants grown out- of-doors, the sale of which amounts nearer to (J.OOO.OOil. Mr. Henderson's " White Plume " and other Celeries are sown in great quantities to be dis- tributed over the ."states, and as an instance of the quantity grown, we are told that over 160 lb. is sown ; and when it is understood that 1 oz. will produce on .an average lU,tHX) plants, a little calculation will soon give an idea that it is no child's play. America is not likely to remain long behind England in hor- ticulture, as seen by the foregoing, and it will doubt- less be pushing ahead in the course of a few years in the production of novelties, &c. We cannot leave the great " Manufactory" with- out giving a word of praise to the system of ]>acking which has helped to make the name of Henderson famous, amongst all who leceive plants from the world-renowned firm, and live at a great distance. Plants being of such a fragile and sensitive nature the dilficulty in sending long distances is intensified, but Mr. Henderson has grnjipled with this obstacle, and could give some of our English plant growers a lesson, as sending plant? from one part of America to another is totally ditl'erent to sending from one part of England to the other, as the former means thousands, but the latter only hundreds, of miles. Their system of "mailing" is urged, and is the means of saving the pockets of the purchasers, who otherwise would have to pay immense " expressage." And now, as the '" last bell " is going, we are re- minded that it is time we were moving in other directions than through labyrinths of greenhouses, where we have more than once lost our way ; but, with the ])romise of a renewed visit, we bid our adieu, promising to return again when the trial- grounds were at their best. //. A. Btmyard. Scotland. BOTANIC GARDEN, GLASGOW. Ir is with much pleasure we learn that these gardens have again been opened to the public, and that the causes which led to their closure are likely to be amicably settled and their finances placed on a secure basis. As will be remembered it was the finance difficulty and the unwillingness of the inhabitants of the adjoining burgh of Hillhead to join the city and assist to maintain the garden out of the rates, which led to their being closed. The conduct of this burgh was much criticised locally at the time, for owing to their ])roximity to the gardens the residents would have been in a position to enjoy the gardens as much as any other section of the Glasgow community. It is to l,e honed that Glasgow — the second city of the empire — will not permit this— one of the first gardens of its kind in the kingdom — to languish. As has been already men- tioned the City authorities are evidently fully alive to the importance of the gardens, for not only have they advanced money to the original jiroprietors, but, had it not been for the conduct of the Hill- headites the gardens would long ago have been as accessible to the public as any of the other popular scientific and recreative institutions of the city, which are maintained out of the rates. Despite the depressing influences of the uncertainty sur- rounding its future there does not appear to have been relaxation on the part of the Curator, Mr. BuUen, although for obvious reasons his actions have of late years been much restricted. Near the entrance gate stands the great winter garden, which was once the famous Kibble Palace, devoted to concert and dramatic uses. It is a circular curvilinear-roofed structure of moderate height, but of large capacity. This is now a winter garden in every way admirably suited for the pur- pose. Large I'alins, iVc, are grciwn under the miiin roof, and jilants of moderate growth are grown in the annexes, and as they become too large for these they are planted out iu the winter garden proper. There is u gravel walk all round, on the inner sidt^ of which there are slender iron columns, which, with a purlin, supports tlie roof; these are beautifully draped and festooned with trailing plants of Tacsonias, Passifioras, Lonicera^, iScc. One of the most eti'ective was the old Cobxa scandens variegata; it had de- veloped to enormous dimensions along the purlin of the roof, and hung down in a graceful manner. On either side of thi.s walk there is a broad border in which the finer things are planted. To give the names of all the jtlants in those borders would be something like going through the botany of the temperate parts of the world. But we noticed what appeared to be a preponderance of New Zealand and Australian vegetation, such as Metrosideros, Callisteraons, Leptospermums, Melaleucas — there was a fine group of M. squarrosa, whose yellowish- white spikes of flowerare very showy, and which must be a grand sight when in full flower. Another fine shrub is Bossia:a scolopendrium with its flattened, narrow, leafless toothed branches, which in season bear a profusion of small yellow and red Pea flowers. Acacies of species armata, retinoides, lincata, Rieeana, platyptera, and a host of others. Phyllo- cladus rhomboidalis is a curious Conifer, witli leaf-like deciduous branchlets. There is also a fine collection of Sikkiui Rhodotlendrons, whose massive sweetly scented flowers are simply delicious, many grand plants of Camellias and Oranges, laden with their golden fruit; Daturas, with their large trumpet flowers, were very imposing ; as also a fine specimen of Agave Salmiana, with its stout, tree-like inflorescence towei'ing above its nei'^'h- bours. Underneath the centre there are manv tall growing plants kept in tubs. This group includes a fine collection of Tree Ferns, amongst which we noticed fine plants of Cyathea dealbata, C. medullaris, the baked pith of which is said to be much liked by the native New Zealanders ; Cibotiura Schiedei and princeps, and a good speci- men of Marattia cicutaifolia, Araucaria excelsa, A. Bidwilii, the Bunya-Bunya Pine of Moreton Bay, whose large seeds, at certain seasons, are said to fur- nish the food of whole tribes of native Australians. Another important economic tree is Dammara aus- tralis. That these and many other things have found a congenial home, the luxuriant character of the growth admitted of no denial. The plants in the annexes attached are of similar character, but grown in pots on stages in the usual way. There are many fine examples of Erica, Darwinia, Tetra- theca, Statices, bulbs, &c. Amongst the latter, Hippe- astrum aulicum superbum was indeed superb — as seen here, quite equal to the much extolled, newer Certificated, varieties. Passing along to the principal range, which is built of Teak wood, although comparatively new and supposed to be nearly indestructible, yet it seemed as if a soaking of oil, or something of the kind, would have done much good. A minute Algjc has nearly covered the exposed sui-faces of the wood, giving an offensive appearance ; but internallv, things were as of yore, in prime condition. The collections of Bromeliads, Ferns, Nepenthes, Orchids, Cycads, succulents, economic plants, aquatics, Cyclanths, and Palms, are all quite up to their usual standard of excellence. In the Palm-house, fine trees of Borassusflabelliformis and Livistona chinen- sis were fruiting freely. Of other things in this range mention must be made of a fine lot of the old- fashioned, pyramidal-trained Azalea indica — huge plants. The Ewing range was full of useful things —a grand lot of Adiantums, Amaryllis, Begonias, a grand collection of decorative Ferns, and a lot of seedling aquatics, amongst which was a fine form of Nymph.Tca scutifolia rosea. The back wall of this range has many fine climbers, including Cereus grandiflora, Bomarea Carderi, .Jasminum sambac, many Philodendrons, Russellia iuncea, and Ruscus sndrogynus, &c. Should Glasgow let such a fine garde? dis.ippear, it would be an e^'erlasting blot ia 108 THE GARDEN EH 8' C II If ONI CLE. [.tANtJAEY 2(5, 188D. llie history of the city. F. B. [Tliree large illustrii- lions of the conservatories, &c., were given in our tolumns for March 1, 1884. Ed.] Cultural Memoranda. PLUMBAGO COCCINEA. If plants which have recently flowered have the ends of the shoots trimmed otf, and liquid manure given fresh axillary inflorescences will be pro- duced, rendering the plants quite as showy as at first. Euphorbia Jacquininifloe.v. This should be treated similarly to the Plumbagos, but Euphorbias are more impatient of any excess of water, and the liquid manure should not be very strong. This cutting back may be repeated several times provided the plants are clean and well grown, and a buoj'ant temperature of about 60° is main- tained. Iris csgcicularis. This, better known as I. stylosa is an early flowering species, and well adapted for pot work. It is a native of Algiers. Twenty-four, or a size larger pot is a good size in which to grow them ; they should not be over-potted, or they will not flower so freely as they do when the small rhizomes have completely covered the surface of the pot. Pot firmly in a mixture of loam and sand, and keep the rhizomes above the surface. During the snmmer and autumn they should be well exposed, so as to ripen them up thoroughly ; they may then be stored away in a cool frame, or other similar quarters, until they commence to flower, which will be about the beginning of January. The flowers are fragrant, and produced singly : they do not last long, but com- pensation is made by the number of flo^^■ers that are capable of being produced from one pot, and as these do not all open at one time ; they remain in full beauty for some time. IV. Harrow. They can be made for iive farthings each. Crocusesand Snowdro]i3 — especially the latter — are now appear- ing above the ground, and in due time will afford some food, we hope, for our pets. Nothing can look much prettier than long rows of Crocuses in front of our hives, and if a little pea-meal be sprinkled in them from a pepper-box the bees will revel and tumble about in the flower-cups, and carry home the contents. If room can be spared a large breadth of Limnanthes will well repay the trouble of planting. Bee, CATTLEYA LODDIGESII. Some diflerence of opinion exists as to the rela- tion which this pretty rose-coloured Cattleya bears to C. Harrisonii^ (fig. 12), some being inclined to place the latter nuder C. Loddigesii. Unfortunately, if all the figures of these, and of the others in the same section — C. intermedia — be looked up, evidence that it is a complicated subject becomes apparent. The FLOWER COLOUE. Mr. Davis' remarkable article on "Chrysanthemum Sports " (p. 40), and your editorial remarks thereon, induce me to send you a few ideas on floral colour- ing generally. At the outset, we must remember that the primary or original colours are yellow, red, and blue [Blue, green, red (Maxwell)], and that all floral colouring is developed or evolved in the order in which these colours are named. This is a point we must grasp firmly at the outset, as the fact will enable us better to understand not only the lines of colour progression followed by all seedling flowers— all vegetation whatever— but it will also show us how the so-called vegetative " sports" are in reality, reversions (atavism), i.c , examples of a retrograde movement which may take place wholly or partially towards the conditions in a former stage of exist- ence. White and black, properly speaking, are not colours ; a white petal is the result of the true colours being absent, and black — in flowers repre- The Apiary. GLASS SECTIONS. We have said before that there is a great future before glass sections, especially if they could be made both cheaply and well. Wooden sections can be used more than once, but they are made so cheaply that it is usual to discard them after the bees have done with them. Comb honey looks better in glass than anything else, and after removal the glass will do again and again as w^ell as the first time. Thus, though they may cost slightly more in the first instance, they would be cheaper in the end. I have recommended Messrs. Breftits & Co., of Upper Thames Street, to manufacture glass cylinders open at both ends, 2} inches in diameter and 2 inches in length. It will be found that these hold nearly or just a pound. The dilliculty in the case was not to square tlie circle, but to circle the squai-e. It has been found that a piece of honeycomb measuring 4^x4] inches weighs 1 lb. Now a circle that would just fit in such a square would be 2| inches in diameter, but of course a circle of honeycomb such a size would not 1 lb., because in the new figure the angles of the square have to be ac- counted for. Therefore, if the diameter is slightly increased from 2| to 2| inches, the difficulty is overcome to within a very small fraction. These sections can be obtained very cheajily in quantity, and no doubt they will be advertised. Sections of this kind can either be hung at the hack of the hive or placed in boxes on the top. Circular pieces of foundation can be cut to size, and placed in the centre of each cylinder. No fastening of any kind would be required, and there would be no pop- holes. Sections of honey of this k'. id would look very nice on the table. They could be cut out of the glass much cleaner than they could out of a piece of wood, and, being circular, would look more in accordance with the shape of other palatable viands. i"lG. 12. — CATTLEYA HARRISOM.E. general opinion, however, of Orchid growers is, that these plants are very distinct, and that they need by no means be connected witli eacli other. The feature relied on is the labellum, and the diflerence will readily appear by examination of our illustra- tions (figs. 12, l.j), prepared from drawings taken by Jlr. John Weathers, from plants flowered in Kew Gardens. Generally speaking, too, C. Ilarrisonire flowers at difl'erent times to C. Loddigesii, or rather, is frequently in bloom when no C. Loddigesii is to be found. Imports of Para Rubber. — From a report of tlie quantity of caoutchouc brought into this country during the year 1SS8, it seems that tlie Paia crop from Ilevea brasiliensis for the half year ending June 30 showed an exceptionally large increase over the previous one, this increase amounting to 2200 tons, or equal to about 17 per cent. Tlie large sur- plus in the market in the previous year almost entirely disappeared this year, owing to the heavy consumption in the United States, and a decided increase in the European wants. Tiic quantity of Para rubber imported into London and Liverpool during 1888 amounted to 6080 tons. sented by very dark browns (red and green mixed) or Iiurple (red and blue mixed), the real colours being more or less disguised by opacity, and often by the non-reflection of light caused by silky or velvet-like hairs. The s])ots on a Bean blossom are really brown, and the spot on the falls of Iris iberica — the nearest approach to black that I know — is really very dark jiurple, rendered opaque by a hairy pile, which imparts to it some of the appearances of a bit of black velvet. Optically a jietal which reflects all tlie colour of the solar spectrum, or rainbow, appears to he white, while one that absorbs all these rays appears to be black. Some proof must now be given that all floral colouring develops from yellow through red towards blue. Quite instinctively the florists have ever held blue to be the highest jioint of excellence in floral colouring, hence their continual striving for a blue ){ose, a blue Dahlia, a blue Auricula, or a blue Clirysantliemum ; and it is curious to note in passing how nearly their persistence has at time been rewarded with success. Eor this purpose let us take the genus Primula, the great mass of which have not passed beyond their yellow-flowered Jascarv 2li, 188!).] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 109 stage of existence. Tlie Auricula, oi'iginally yellow or purple in some of its insoct-fertiliscil forms, li.is vieliled in our gardens varieties nearly blue. The "same thing long ago took place in the so-called blrn- flowered I'olyantluis, and more recently the |)inkish Chinese Primrose has yielded varieties ot a lilac or lavender shade— that is to say, a transition from red towards blue is really taking place. The Grant-Allen school of evolutionists believe and assert that all flowers were originally yellow, and that the green-blossomed plants now existing, such as luanv Orchids, Hellebores, &C., are reverted or that these are the essential colour types, since common to neaily all plants whatever, and quite irrespective of their mere petal-colouring. Green leaves have always done their work, hence our present day coal and oil supply; but all this appears to have been done by cryptogamic or by dull coloured cleistogamic plants alone. The glorious floral colour- ing of to-day comes, as is believed, from a later date in the world's history, when advertising was added to the co-operative and savings' bank principles, always characteristic of vegetation. But I must return from mere speculation to actnnl Pears, Peaches, &c., all varying from green and yellow to red. Look at the flowers of the great Buttercup family — green (Ilellehorus^ yellow (Buttercup!, red (l';eonia), and blue (Aconite and Delphinium), j We have seen a ('liinese drawing in which a blue P;uony was represented.] Let us -now glance at the flowers whose colours change after opening, or in process of development. There is xDiantlius alpino-barbatus — buds and newly open flowers white, second day peach, deepening to red- dish-rose on the third day. Again, Cheiranthus il)qtnl)iliS| buds and newdy opened flowers yellow FlC. l.O. — CITTLKYA LODDIGESII ; ROSV-I,II.AC A.SD CREAM-COLODRED FLOWEItf. (sEE P. 108.) degraded types. Some assume that all flowers, being but modified leaves (as Linnaeus and after- wards Goethe pointed out in his Meta/itorphoses), were originally green (like leaves) in colour, and that they did not put on their brighter-coloured wedding dressses until ages after they were created — that is to say, not until the insects came on the scene to act as marriage priests. The fact that we find green (or apetalous phases), and scentless blos- soms that do not open (cleistogamous, and which are. therefore, close-fertilising), to-day, seems to favour to some extent this view of the question, but the great central fact, that all the essential organs of plants (stamens, stigmas, ovaries, &c.) are green or yellow all the world over, proves beyond a doubt facts. I said that green leaves had always done their work — of laying up stores of carbon, starch, and oil, and this shows the power of yellow and blue as colours in combination under the stimulative action oflightand heat— the sun. Now comes thequestion. Why should blue desert its leaf-green companion, yellow, when the real life-work of reproduction is taking place? Or, again, why should blue return so often as the proof so to speak of the full and perfect development of flowers or fruits ? Trace the colour range in the natural order of the Gentians, for ex- ample—yellow, red, purple, blue. Follow it out in the fruit ot the so-called black Grapes or Plums- green, red, purple, and finally, the blue " bloom." Note the fruits of the great Rose order, Apples, deepening alter a day or two into reddish- brown. Take also the Forget-mcXot with its exquisite l)ink buds and its turquoise-blue flowers. Two species puzzle me very much, viz., Muscari mos- chatuni, buds purple dying off to pure clear yellow ; and the so called " Prophet Flower," Arnebia echioides, buds yellow, flowers open yellow with live brown spots, which disappear after the second or third day. Perhaps these are the exceptions, so numerous in all branches of research, which do not prove the rule. For the benefit of future students in this wide subject of floral colouring I submit the following chromatic scale or gamut, beginning at the lowest no THE GAB DENE I? S' cnPOXinLE. .UvrATiT •-'Ci, ISSQ. and most common colour, and ascpniling to the highest and rarest note in the scale;— COLOtJH ScilE. Green (blue and yellow mixed)— 1, yellow, white (= absence of colouring pigment), flesh, rose; 2, red. red-purple, purple ( = red aud blue mixed); 3 blue. 1 do not say that this colour scale is correct, and simply give it here for what it is worth, believing myself that it represents the manner in which colours vary or may vary in seedling plants gene- rally. I am particular in saying seedling plants, because I am fully persuaded that no real advance or progression is made except by seed ; but this scale supposing it to be an approximation to tlie truth, proves pretty conclusively that what we call " sports " in such genera as Azalea, Camellia, and Chrysanthe- mum, are, in reality, reversions ()<■., the return, so far as form and size or colouring is concerned, to a previous state of existence). I wish to point out that green (blue and yellow), and yellow alone, are the only two colours never absent from flowers of all kinds; green is always present in the calyx (even when it afterwards changes to white and pink, as in Clerodendron ) ; vellow alivavs in the stamens. Some Orchids, as Angrfficum, open green and change to white, and finally die off vellow. White flowers, such as Snow- drops, Snowflakes, and some Orchids, are often spotted with green— probably a reminder tliat the flowers were wholly green long ago— a hint which applies with equal force to the golden Ismene and Urceolinas of Peru, and to the green-tipped crimson Fuchsias and Coburgias, and Bom.areas and AlslrG- merias, of the New World. In conclusion, we may glance at those changes of colouring-matter in portions of jdants developed in darkness, such as Rhubarb or Seakale, Endive, or fruits plucked full-grown but green, which, as is well known, colour in the dark after they are plucked from the tree. This question of floral or vegetable colour would be one of the most interesting and im- portant that a young and ambitious chemist could take up and work out, and it is one which will not, I trust, be much longer neglected. F. IK Biirhidije. Plants and Their Culture. SF.ASONAni.E Hints for thk Grf.knhoi.'sf,.— A few of the largest of the CalceoUi ias which may have tilled their pota with roots should receive a shift, care bein;^ taken to ascertain that they are free from aphides \ii^U>re re-pottIng, by havin;^; tliein luniigated lightly for several nights in succession. A portion ot the old stock of Fuchsias should now be liruned and placed in heat of G0° by night, to give an (-arly supply of cuttings the plants raised from these being very useful throughout the summer tor conser- vatory decoration. Some Mignonette should now ho. sown, using small pots and good, but not over-ricli compost, wbich must be firm ; Ten week Stocks and varieties of Uliodanthes may likewise bo sown. Soft- wooded Heaths thut have done flo\^eiing should be cut back before top growth commences, and be plactd in a slightly warmer house to encourage them to break ; also plants of Sulanums aud Salvias which may be wanted to supply cuttings. Forciny-house.—Wootsot Lily of the Valley will now force freely in a brisk bottom-heat, and they should be kept moist, thf crowns being covered with cocoa-nut fibre, and the flower-spikes to be well advanced Ijefore removing the plants to a cooler temperature. A few plants of Azalea mollis introduced every ten days or so according to the demand, wiil come on quickly ; some of A., indica should be brought forward, choosing at this season the early flower- ing varieties. Lilac, Charles X., Guehlres Rose, Deutzia, and Spiraea japonica, should now be brought forward in small (luantities ; and also that useful decorative plant, C(,nvallaria polygonatura (Solo- mon's Seal), Dielytra spectabilis, aud Staphylea colchica. Tea Roses that have been started into growth in a cool house should now bo gently pushed on, and when they are forming their buds give tl em the assist ance of a good fi-rtiliser. Keep the icrcing-house at nn even temperature— 00° by night and 70^ during the day— the flowers will be mucli finer and more lasting than when forced too quickly. Seed SoiLHiui. — The supplies of flower seeds having been procured for the ensuing season, an early oppor- tunity should be taken to sow a small quantity of the following seeds. Amaryllis, if sown early and the seed obtained from a good strain, will yield a fair ])ercentage of good varieties, aud make con- siderable growth during the year. A sowing of Gluxinias and tuberous rooted Begonias shouhl be made to take the place of the older bulbs of previous sowings which will be found upon examination to have become exhausted. A small pinch of that useful free-blooming plant, Irapatiens Sultaui, should now be sown, tlie main sowing being made in about one month I'rom tlie present time— if sown too early the seedlings are apt to go ofl" from damp in dull or foggy weather. Grevillea robusta should be sown, the seeds of this plant germinating very slowly. The seeds hliould be sown in small well -drained pans or pots, the soil being made firm and plenty of sand mixed in it. Gannas, if sown now, prove very usehil as conaervatofy decorative plants. Tlie seed pots shculd be placed in strong bottom-heat and kept moist. The young plants often come up irre- gularis, and it is, therefore, advisable to draw out tlie young plants as they appear, and pot otl' singly into small pots carefully shading from the sun for some time, the young leaves readily getting scorched. Acacia lophantha is likewise a very pretty jjlant lur the conservatoiy, and it is very easily raised from seed sown at this date, A pinch of Celosia plumosa seed may be s;own if required at an early period, a larger quantity being sown in March to give succes- sional plants. Celosias are valuable plants when well grown, and ought to receive careful treatment th.'-ough the earlier stages of their growth. Cam- panula pyramidalis and C. p. alba are very useful for many purposes it grown in pots. A small quantity of seed should be sown and placed in gentle heat, the seedlings as they appear being removed .to a cooler place near to the light. G. Wythes, S//on House, IS rent ford. The Orchid Houses. When the repotting of the Masdevallias and Odontoglossuras is finished, give the same attention to the other kinds growing in the cool-house. The leafy Dl^as of tlie D. grandidora section are best re- potted in October, but where that has not been done, they should at wnce be repotted, unless thev are in good sound condition, and capable of remain- ing as they are until the autumn. Peat, sand, and living sphagnum moss, suit them best. There is a large class of Onciduims which are only safe in the cool-house or in a very well regulated intermediate- house ; I refer to the Oncidiums of the O. concolor, O. crisjjum, O. pr:ctextum, O. Marshallianum, and O. dasystyle section. These in baskets or on rafts ate strictly cool-house plants, their treatment diflVring from Odontoglossums only in their being kept tolerably dry when not growing. LtuHa nionophylla, too, is a cold-house plant, requiring just the same treatment as Sophronites, and Oncidium cucullatum and its varieties; and 0. Phalainopsis, require the same treatment as Odontoglossums, and, like them, keeping moist all the year. These, with any of the plants of the Oncidium macranthum section re- quiring repotting should be attended to. 0, mac- ranthum, if potted into well-drained pnta with fibry peat, does not reijuire repotting every year, as it bhttjms better if it is undisturbed until its condition show that it requires a shift. "Watering overliead should be carefully avoided. The temperatures for the month of February should be (degrees Fahrenheit) :— Warmest house. 0.5° to 70° by dav, 00° at night; intermediate-house, G0° to 0')° by day, X^^ at night ; cool-house, 50° to 5o° by day, 4'>° at night. Jamrs O'Vrien. The Flower Garden. GKNnitAi. Work.— The unusual amount of foggy weather that has for a longtime prev.iiled is having a direful etVect on bedding plants in cold frames. Of course in hcattd pits the exclusion of damp is an easy matter by liriiig and ventilation in the day time. In unheated pits the only course to be pursued is to re- move every vestige of decayed matter a/as. ^Taking into account the length of time these plants continue in full flower, their hardiness and ready increase, I think that Violas may head the list of bedding plants. I have lately lilted a quantity of old roots from the borders, split them up and planted them in their summer positions. Young plants would, of course, have been preferable, but as circumstances hindered autumn propagation and by planting them out permanently thus early I expect that they will turn out quite as well as the yoUDg stock now in cold frames aud which will be ])Ianted out early in Ajiril. Good bedding varieties which grow and flower freely here in the south are very scarce. 1 have tried scores of them at dilferent times, ond about a dozen varieties are all that have thriven sufliciently well to be worthy of being classed as good bedders. The only kinds we now use are jMrs. Grey and Countess of llopetoun, white; Blue Bell and Archie Grant, blue: elegans and lilacine, lavender colour ; and Hardwick YelloA'. These have never failed us, but have grown and fluwered profusely in all weathers. A good depth of rich soil is indispensable to their well-being, and this we never fail to afford them. Banitncitlus. — Summer bedding is assuredly the cause of these plants being so little grown at the present time, their season of flowering ending at a time when bedding plants are just beginning to make a display. .But this I look upon as being a cogent reason for growing them, for any flower garden to be worthy its name should have a succes- sion of flowers in the beds and borders for as long a time as our climate admits of, and personally I would as soon think of doing away with summer bedding as I would of giving up the growing of Rinnnculuses. Given a moderately stiff loam, at least 18 inches in depth, a liberal allowance of well decayed manure, and careful planting of the rooN with the claws downwards at a depth of 2 inches from the surface, and there need be no further anxiety as to whether they will do well or not. Tliey are surr* to do so if the rhi/.omes be sound at the time of planting. The Turban and Giant Double Persian are the only two sections which we grow here, and these in mixture, because of the inconvenience of keeping named varieties separate. Moreover, a mixture of the varieties looks best in the beds, and if the flowers are wanted for cutting — for which purjiose they arit invaluable — it is a very easy matter to select the colours desired. Plant now in rows 8 inches apart '2 inches deep, and allow .5 inches between each root and if the soil be stilf. or wcu'ks at all unkindly, sift a little lighter soil fui the filling in of the drills. It is purely a matter of ta%te as to whether they are planted in beds, for the greater convenience of cuttings, or in small colonies of from nine to eighteen roots in the mixed floiver b.)rders. Tlie hitter way gives most trouble in regard to pre- paring the soil, but there is no doubt that this is the most natural way to arrange them. Anemone {(tdwrmis- rooted). — The foregoing note on the lianunculus applies to these in every jtarticular except that they should be planted .1 inches beneath the surface and be given an inch more space between each root. Their season of flowering may be )iro- longed almost indeflnitely by planting, at varying intervals between October and the end of February. If planted later than this they seldom flower well. We usually plant them in the beds of Roses, in clumps of about nine tubers each, or near to the front jiart of herbaceous borders. The single varieties are the handsomest as border flowers ; but it required for use as cut flowers— and especially if they have to bo packed to go a long distance— the doubles are much to be itreferred. ]lolli/hocH. — We discontinued growing those plants some half dozen years ago, because they were .TantahV l^G. IflSfll TUB GAI?DEyE7?S' CHEONICLE. Ill RlUckeil fur two ur tliiet' season:^ in succt'ssiuii by what is known as the "Hollyhock ilisease." But a tViend in the ueighbourliood havinfx continuously srowu ihcm without bfin^j troubled with the disease I sought his advice, and followed his instructions, and as a result thereof a better display of this (lower than was here last season could not be found. My friend attributed the disease (rust he calls it^ tn bad treatment ot the phints, — a check of any kind, parti- cularly drought, brin^^s on the rust immediately. I'hp ]>lants are best raised from cuttings, and none l>ut stout, vigorous od-shoots should be jnit in ; {^ive each cutting a small pot to itself, and plinige thent in a hotbed of leaves, and as soon as struck stand Ihcni on top of the bed till the roots have }i;ot well hold of I he soil. Pot on as occasion requires, for under no cir- eurastances should they be allowetl to j;et jiot bound. Harden off gradually, and jdant out not later than the middle of April in soil of the richest character — tntt the nmnure used should be v,-ell ilecayed. Mulch the phuits as soon as planted with manure of some kind, thoroughly rotted cow manure being tiie kind most to be preferred. To the faithful carrying-out of these paiticulurs our success last year was due. Old plants that have been left to winter in the ground should he kept mulched for another month ; then on removal, add fresh soil and manure without disturbing the roots more than can be helped, and they will grow and flower as well as the vonng plants. W. W>ffh:»;ih, H.-el'tirM, Wiih-hfiM. Fruits Under Glass. Old Grapes. — All Grapes in late houses should njw be cut and the shoots on which the bunches liang inserted in bottles nearly filled with clean soft water. In taking the bunches to the Grape-room, be careful to avoid bruising the beriies or rubbing ofi' the bloom. It is a good j-ian for one person to cut the fruit and others tn carry it away, those carrying taking two in each hand, the hands grasping the butt ends of the shoots as they overlap, these being lightly grasped. The bottles should be got in readiness be- times, and by having one man to take the bunches from the carriers and put the stalks in the bottles, the work is soon despatched. The bunches should be cut with as much of the wood attached as possible, and cu^in to within '2 inches of a good bud. A clean cut can be made afterwards. A great deal has been said about some rooms not keeping Grapes well, and in many cases the rooms have been blamed without cause, but the fact lay in the Grapes not being pro- perly ripened — a great point^for, given a sweet cool, Jry room, with a temperature 40^ to 45°. without artificial heat, (irapes will keep. X room which we have here answers the purpose well ; it is 30 feet by 10 feet, by 10 feet high, hollow brick walls, 18 inches thick, a boarded floor raised 2 feet above the ground level, plastered walls and ceiling, the ventilators near ihetop. double doors, and a 2-inch flow and return hot- water pipe, for applying heat when necessary, which is very seldom. There is a loft above, wliich has a span-roof, slated, double felted, and boarded underneath. The fruit room below maintains a generally uniform temperature. We usually cut and bottle Grapes the first week in January, and the Muscats keep well until the middle of April — ^Lady Downes until the middle of May. The bottles are suspended from hooks in the ceiling, and from the centre, and side stages. Grapes in bottles should he carefully looked over for damaged berries every week, for one bad berry Ipft would soon spoil a buuch. Pritnivy. — All Vines not pruned should be done as soon as the fruit is cut ; the glass washed ; and if insects are feared, rub off the loose bark and paint with G oz. of (iishurst and half a pint of lemon oil to the gallon of soft water, well rubbing in with a brush. Take off the surface- soil of the border down to the roots, give a sprinkling of Thomson's Vine manure, finishing off with loam to the proper level. If necessary, give the border a good watering before applying the top- dressing, and a gentle one afterwards. The walls should now be colour washed, and the pipes painted with lampblack and oil to give all a tidy appearance. It is well known how the roots of plants are attracted to the sides of pots. I find a good plan to encou- rage the roots of Vines to the surface is to get some fiat boulder stones and lay them on the border imme- diately under the pipes, close to the front, for about a yaid wide; these keep the border solid, and it is astonishing how soon you find the thin white thread- like roots, htrring-bone fashion, spread under the itones. llefore using the stones, the pipes lieing close to the border, we could not get the roots up, it was so dry and loose. A mere dusting of Tliouison's manure on the surfiu-e and lightly watered in on a hot sunny day luis a marvellous ellVct. Tlie stones above-mentioned are gathered off the hiud here, where they are so numerous as to be a nuisance. They are flat and kidney-shaped like a fluke Potato. Sites being prepared for \\x\m borders should have at least a toot of drainage with a bottom sloping to the front, where there should be a drain to carry otf the water; a good concrete bottom is better in all c.i-es, and it is indispensable in cold, damp, clayey hituiitions. Puu:f. — Plants selected to fruit ia May and .lune should be kept at a temperature of tlO°— ti;")^ :it niglit according as the weather is cold or mild, the minimum being adhered to in the former case. A rise of 10^ may be permitted bid'ore giving air in the morning. The bottom-lieat may not exceed '.Ml^, and the air of the hcmse or pit should be kept genial and moist by damping the walks, walls, and beds, in dull damp weather, aHordiug less moisture, other- wise condensation will take place on the glass, and drip will alHict the plants, especially wdieu the roof is low and flat. Water those tlmt are dry with water at 80°, but be not too liberal with it till the embryo fruit is seen, when a little guano or Thomson's manure put on the soil and washed in will assist the fruit to push up. i'>/aV(7'.s swelling off their fruit should have top- heat of 70° and buttnm-heut of 05°, keeping a moist atmosphere, but avoiding ^teaming from the evapor- ating troughs on the hot-water pipes. Water with some stimulant when watering is necessary, but be very careful towards the ripening stage, withholding water altogether when the first trace of colour is observed, any inattention in this respect being fol- lowed by decay at the heart. St'ccessinji Plants. — These should still be kept cool, 55° at night and 70° by day with sun-heat, bottom- heat being kept at 78°. and at, this temperature do not be too lavish with the wafer, but simply afford watf r when it is absolutely needed, and before doing so examine the plants individunlly before giving any. Any plants plunged in beds heated by hot- water pipes will need to have more attention than plants plunged in a bed of leaves. Now is a good time to prepare for the next month's potting by placing some dry turf under cover to be picked over, the fibry part only being retained ; a quantity of crocks of different sizes, also washed pots, and charcoal broken to the size of a Hanel-nut. These materials can be stored in some warm shed, so that when the time comes advantage can be taken of a fine day to do the potting. Bottom-heat beds where only tan or leaves are used can be ttlled and turned over so as to exhaust the rank heat, and avoid the danger of a premature stmt to fruit by unduly exciting plants brought from cooler quarters. Cucianhrrs. — The period from the middle of the month of December to the end of February is tht* mo&t trying time for this jilant. A night temperature of from t)5° to 70° should be kept up. rising in the day from 70"^ to 75°, allowing a rise with sun- heat of 5° or 10'^, giving air on all favour-- able occasions for an hour or so befoi'e shutting up with sun-heat about 1 o'clock. Syringe the plants and the walls of the pit at this time more or less liberally, according to the weather, and using tepid water slightly warmer than the air of the house. Afford water at tlie root when necessary, and vary the waterings with soot-water or clear sheep's dung- water. Keep a bottom-heat of about Mn'^ ; the Cucumber being a moistui-e and heat- loving plant, it is a mistake to keep it too cool or dry, the result being poor, hard-skinnnl. dittorttd fruit, with a bitter flavour. Pay constant attention to and take ort' all male blooms and clustus of fruit, preserving just sufhcient to keep up the supply, Top-dress as soon as the roots appear — not too thickly, with chopped turf and fresh horse droppings of the same temperature as that of the bed ; and as the light and sun-heat increase the plants will soon begin to grow, when stopping and tying must be attended to, and the older leaves removed. Plants growing in dung- beds will have had a severe time lime of it during the late fogs and general absence of light. Examine the bottom heat, and if it is declining take down two or more sides of the bed on a quiet day, replacing them with three parts leaves and one stable dung, or, what is better, use leaves only. A heap of these materials should always be kept thrown up in readi- ness for such work. Kaisp the new linings to the ]i vel of the frame, nnd cover th^n1 with a foot of bpd hay or sorpe sych dry materii^l. I tind it a good plan thus to protect the beds iu very windy weather ; for it is astonishing the )iower the wind has iu cooling beds wherr un]irotccted. In thinning out shrublieries and plantations tie the evergreens, such as Laur'els, Fir branches, ^^e., into long faggots, making the bundles quite G feet loi:g, tying thenr securely with three withes, these stocd close together on their i-nds against the hot-bed, protect not only the bed but the lights from storm?. Afford a little ventilation at the back of the frame under eaeh li^ht, so that steam may escape ; and look out for slugs, laying a lew heaps uf fresh grains from a brewery, which have a wonderful attraction for tirese creatures, A few Cucumber seeds should be occasionafy wiiwn, in case of loss. Cover up the framts securely with hay, with nrats over them, to protect from frosi. In making fresh beds for planting out from the seed fi'ame, follow the directions given in Uecembe', putting a mound of soil under each light; insert a i)ottom-heat stick in each fninie. H'. Bennett, lia»>j' - /ii",r, Btirton'on- Tinit. The Hardy Fruit Garden. •SEAsOKAnLE HiNTs ON Bc.^ri Fruits.— If vatai.t spaces among Goosebei-ry and Currant bushes have been made good and the pruning flnished scr-aj e the soil from beneath the bush to the depth of 4 inches, to allow of top-dressing being put on, and where caterpillars were troublesome last season it should he taken away and charred with the garden refuse. Give the bushes a good dusting over with lime and soot mixed, also the surface soil shout ll e stems, as a means of getting rid of any larvre whic h may have been left, and as a preventive of the Ic: b of the buds by birds. AH bushes in a bearing state should have a thorough dressing of rotten manure carefully forked in between the rows and about the roots. Li^ht well drained soils, which quicUy become a complete netwoik of roots, should le forked over just deep enougJi to bury the manure and weeds. ]ilaeing plenty of manirrr under the bushe*, covering it with ^oiI trom tlie alleys. Deep hea\y soils, enclosed or sheltered by high walls, I am :n favour of turning up deeply every year, using for tl e work a tiuee-tined fork. This both helps to sweeten the soil, and the crop of fruit is considerably improved thereby. Mutilation of the roots must be avoided, and if a little freth loam and brick-rubbish can le obtained and worked in about the icots. an improve- ment in the growth and fruitfulnt-ss of the bushes wi 1 soon be observed. Cuttings of strong healthy your g shoots may still be made, although this is best d( re in October ; 1^* inches in length is about t lie propi r length, and the buds below ground must be cut out. to prevent suckers growing, leaving half a dozen it the top to form the head. Plant flrmly in a rati er shaded position, and ifnot allowed to become shrivel hd for want of moisture, they will root with ceitaiity. Standard Apple Trees. — Any of these left nn- pruned should be attended to without delay. The htad of the tree is better when kept fairly open iu the middle. If the shoots have been selected to form the ht^ad of the future tree, wliich should le about flvf in number, and these have pushed forh very i^trong growth, shortening back to an outside bud to 10 or 15 inches in height should be practised. Tiees with weak stems may be pruned more dost y than this for two years or longer, so as to give tl e sttm more time in which to thicken. The varieliea Cornish Gilliflower, Yorkshire Beauty, &c., which fruit princi]mlly at the points of the shoots — espe- cially the first-named -must be sparingly jtruited. Any siickfTs springing up around Apjde trees sIkuM be removed, and the trees staked and secured, and the labt-ls made good where necessary. Large neglect^-d trees full of unfruitful woe d sliould have a thinning out, removing most of tl e branches which cross and interlace. If prunicg be done annually much finer fruit will be the result. Trees in a ftunted condition should receive a drest- irig with strong cow manure and soil, first removiiig G inches of the top soil before ajiplying the manure ; a thorough soaking of the soil about the trees with rich farmyard manure water is of much benefit in exhausted soils. If the trees are much infested with moss it should be scraped off with a piece of hoop- iron. Give the hole and principal branches a scrubbing with brine, or soap suds and paraffin, and syringe the smaller ones with a lime-wash. Shorten bad: to the desired heiglit trt s intended to be graft id, H. Mu.rkham, Mcrcworth C'di-ile, Kent, 112 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Jasuaby 26, 1889. Advertisers are special/;/ requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular pusiliuii in the paper be yuaran- teed for ailoertiscments occupijimj less space than an entire column. SXTBSCBIBERS TO rrili: aAEDENi:RS' CHRONICLE ■* who experience any dijficulty in obtaininy their Copies reyularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delirery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellinyton Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-oJJice Orders and Postal Orders should be made pai/able at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Reyistered Address for Eoreiyn and Inland Teleyrams is " GARDCIIRON, LONDON." Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. frSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. I\'.. Third Series. JULY to DEC, 1888. W. RICHAEDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MOND.W, SALES- Tiv 9« * Imported and EngUali-prown Lilie", .TA.v . JO .J at Protheroe & Mortis' Booms. Nursery Stock and Greenliouse I Plants, from Sample, at Protheroe TUESDAY Jan- 5q J '^ Morris' Booms. lUJiSDAl, JAN. -a , Qreenhouse Plants, &c.. at the City I Auction Kooras, by Protlierot i v Morris. (Lilium auratum from Japan, Boses, Emit Trees. Border Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Booms. ,. ^„..^„„,„, .» X Lilium auratum and other Bulb-, I Greenhouse Plants. &;,-., at Pri.- ', theroe & Morris' Rooms. TWTTBcniV T.^- oi t Imported Orchids, from Mr. E. THURSDAY , Jan . 31 ^ Sander, at Stevens' Booms. 1 Barvins Park Collection of Orchids Feb. 1 r (second portion), at Protheroe & ) Morris' Booms. FRIDAY, CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- IXG WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK-38*.9. For some years past Lily growers .-."^''^ have been distressed by the oc- casional onset of a disease which comes on suddenly in late summer and speedily ruins their plants. The appearances presented are most distressing, and so similar, in some of its stage.s, to those caused by the Potato disease — and, moreover, occurring under like atmospheric conditions — that it was quite natural to suppose it to be caused by a fungus of somewhat similar character, and this indeed is true. The disease was first studied by Mr. Berkeley, who detected a fungus figured and described in these columns as Ovularia elliptica, 1881, vol. xvi., p. 340, which he considered as probably allied to Peronospora. Mr. Worth ington Smith, also, in our columns, August 18, 1888, p. 184, figured the plant, calling it Peronospora elliptica, he having seen, as he tells us, indica- tions of zoospores. Jlr. S.Mith, as we also know, at one time placed the plant under the genus Polyactis. But these tentative or conjectural opinions have to give way to the more definite evidence obtained by the careful cultivation of the fungus by itself, under appropriate conditions, and the consequent study of the life history of the plant in all its consecutive stages. It is a very interesting but a very perplexing fact that many plants, espe- cially fungi, are so different in ditlVrent stages of their growth that they may Ije, and, indeed, are very frequently considered as separate plants. It is only by keeping the plant under regular consecuti\'e observation, and by instituting \"ivi- seetion experiments that its real history and its multitudinous phases become unravelled. This is work for the specialist and the expert. It is impossible to suppose that the ordinary gar- dener could ever find time to devote to such minute and diflicult enquiries, but as there is no cure for an unknown disease, so he ought to be proportionately grateful to those who, by demon- strating the real nature of a disease, thereby afford direct, or at any rate indirect, evidence of the means to be adopted to prevent the access or spread of the malady, if not to cure it. Professor JIar.shall Ward, in the recently published number of the Annuls of Botany, has given us details, accompanied by numerous illus- trations, of his researches into the life-history of this particular fungus, and of the conclusioiLS at which he arrives. It will startle some people not conversant with the results of modern re- search to hear what that conclusion is. Most people who pay attention to the plants around them are familiar with one or more of the fungi commonly called Cluster Cups (Peziza). Nothing could well be more unlike Cluster Cups than the white or bluish, microscopic moulds : nevertheless, De Bary, Frank, and others have, in certain cases, clearly traced the whole sequence of events from the thin threads of mould, with bud spores of various character, to the small or large formless lumps of hard spawn known as "solerotia," and eventually into Cluster Cups. Jlr. WoBTHiNGTON .Smith, ill describing in our columns a disease in Anemones, gave a good illustration of these phenomena (vol. i., 1887, p. 712.) Mr. Marshall Wahd's paper is an admirable example of the present stj-le of investigation, not content with superficial examination and outward comparison, but observing, piecing together, testing, experimenting, eliminating what is found irrelevant or incorrect, verifying, and finally stating his conclusion. Unless prepared to repeat the whole process of what we may term criminal investigation for themselves, critics have hardly the right to pronounce an opinion on such matters — that is, if they are satisfied with the competence of the observer and the general excellence of his methods — both points upon which no one who knows the author and who reads this remarkable essay can entertain a doubt. Professor Ward's evidence, however, is, after all, not quite com- plete ; his induction leads not to demonstratis'e certainty, but only to the highest degree of pro- bability. We have the life-history of the plant revealed to us by cultural expedients and actual experimental insulation, in all save its last stage — that of the Cluster Cup. A\'hen that is found the chain of evidence will be complete ; at present, that link has not yet been recognised, but no one who reads Professor Ward's paper can entertain any reasonable doubt as to what the nature of that link will be. Incidentally we may note as of great interest, as showing how these fungi effect their work of destruction, the details given concerning the mode of production and action of the fer- ment, by the operation of which they are enabled to dissolve away, and disorganise the tissues of the Lily or other plant, and avail themselves of their contents for purposes of nutrition. The history now detailed shows that the chief reliance of the cultivator must be upon destruction of diseased plants, strict hygiene, and methods of prevention, of which culture under glass is one. For our own part, although we have not tried it, we should expeet good results to follow from spraying the affected foliage with a weak solution of sulphate of copper in water immediately the disea.ie becomes apparent. The exact strength must be ascertained by experi- ment beforehand on some corpora viliu that are but lightly esteemed in comparison with choice Lilies. As the fungus grows in the interior of the plant this remedy could only be partial, but it would destroy or prevent the formation of l)ud-spores (conidia), and so save some plants and protect others from the assaults of the fungus. We now append Professor Ward's own summary of the results obtained by him : — " Commencing with the description of the external symptoms, disease-spots, &c., I then show that thr fungus always found in their tissues is a Botrytis (of the form now called Polyactis). The spores, culti- vated in suitable media, give rise, after germinating in a characteristic manner, to a copiously branched and septate mycelium [spawn], with well-marked and easily-recognised morphological features, and which presents some physiological phenomena of much interest and importance. " Some of its branches form cross-fonnections by a process so like conjugation, tiiat it is dithcult to avoid applying that term to it; their conjugation is precedeQ by an attraction for one another, which is shown by mutual deflections of the growing hyphn; [spawn-threads]. Certain of the free branches develope into the curious ' organs of attachment,' which glue themselves to solid bodies in much the same way as the tendrils of Anipelopeis, and develope in response to a similar irritability to contact. These organs, as well as the tips of other hyphte, secrete relatively large (luantities of a ferment, and I have shown that in culture-media this cellulose-dissolving ferment may accumulate to such an extent that the hyphaj can no longer con- tain it, and it causes dissolution of the cellulose at the tips of the hyphre, and consequent extrusion of the protoplasm aud ferment in the form of drops. The details of accumulation of the ferment, so far as they could be traced by the microscope, are given, as also some interestingreactions, methods of staining preparation, &c. " The development of the Botrytis heads, or sporo- phores, and conidia [bud-spores] is given in detail, as well as some observations on the rate of growth of the hypho). Then ft>llo\v some observations of con- siderable interest on the passage of the hyphie in and through the cellulose cell-walls of the Lily. By means of special cultures it was found possible to observe, step by step, the actual piercing of the cellulose by the tip of the fungus-hyjihn, and its further growth in the walls ; it results from these observations that the tip of the liypha in contact with the cellulose, probably in consequence of the irritation of contact, excretes relatively large quan- tities of ferment substance and dissolves its way into the cell-wall, swelling up the cellulose and feeding upon the product of solution, and causing destruction of the tissues by isolating the dill'ereut cells as if they had been boiled. " I have also obtained from large pure cultures tf the fungus in sterilised flasks solutions which pro- duce the same swelling and dissolution of the cellulo.se as those met with in chamber-cultures, containing sections of the peduncle, leaf, ovary, &c., of the Lily, and their cell-walls and middle lameihe undert^o solution in a few hours when placed in these aqueous extracts of the luugus. Since the swelling, &c., does not occur if the e.xtract is previously boiled for from two to five minutes, the evidence is all but conclusive that the chauges are due to the ferment referred to. Considerable success was obtained towards obtaining the ferment pure, by precipitation from the extracts with alcohol. In conclusion of this part of the paper I describe the phenomena of infection, aud the details of the parasitism of the jA-JCAny 20, 188SI.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 113 fungus, iliscussing tlu^ reasons for the disease being ftt one time sporaiUo, and at another epidemic, in its attacks." Royal Horticultural Society.— According to the new rej^uhitions for the Fruit and Floral Commitlees, thfse latter will recommend awards to be made to very superior seedlings or novelties, or to recently introduced, re-introduced, or very rare objects, or to highly decorative plants, according to their merits. In the case of plants commonly grown irom seed every year, the award will be made to the strain and not to individual plants, are grown and forced ht-re. On their return to London (.January 21) Mr. Jannoch's two eldest daughters had the honour of presenting the Empress with a magnificent bouquet, composed of Lilies of the Valley and Kucharis, and the Princess of Walks with one composed entirely of Lilies. Ealing District Qardeners" Society — At the weekly meeting of this Society, on the Lith inat., an interesting lecture was given by Mr. Ukhahd Dkan upon the florist's Tulip, under the title of the " Life History of a Slower." The intro- tluction oonsiiitetl of o. history of the introdiiPtion Brussels Chamber of Horticulture.— A society has been established in Brussels consisting of the commercial horticulturists of Brabant, and having as its aims the co-operation and mutual advantage of the subscribers in matters ndating to business, the ju-ogress and dill'usion of horticulture, the organisation of meetings and exliibitions, the discovery of new outlets for trade, and similar objects. The yearly subscription is 5 francs, and the Society is governed by a committee of five elected for five years, and for the present composed of .^LVL Lucikn Linden, President ; Fn. dk JUokkr, Vice-President ; pAut, IjuQUHT. Secretary; Jqseph Sroitv, Assistant FlO. 1-J, — A VIEW IN THE BOTANIC GARDEN, DURBAN. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— Mrs. Elizabeth Kiiiber, a gardener's widow, eighty-four years of age, is desirous, on her election, of thanking all of those who so kindly assisted her by their votes to obtain the pension of the above Institution. The Empress Frederick.— On her visit to Sandringham last week, the Empress FaEDERicK, with her three daughters, the Prince and Princess of Walks, with the young princesses, Prince Victor and George, visited the Lily Nursery, Dersingham. The proprietor, Mr. Jannoch, had the honour of showing his visitors some 20,000 Lilies in all stages of development. The Princess of Wales, in par- ticular, seemed much interested in the way- Lilies from Turkey to Europe, a glance at the Tulipomania, and the culture ofthe Tulip in this country as a florist's flower. Commencing with its propagation by seed, time and method of planting, the preparation of the bed, and the soil and general cultivation were dwelt upon. Henry ViLMORIN.— Under this familiar name, as expressive of the general esteem felt for him on this side of the Channel, we are glad to announce the fact that M. Henry L. de ViLMOEm has been elected President of the Botanical Society of France for the present year. National Chrysanthemum Society.— The provincial show for 1889 of the above Society will be held in conjunction with the annual show of the Hull Society on November 21 and 22. Secretary ; and Loui:s de Lanohe, Treasurer. Meet- ings will ba held on the first and third Mondays in each month at half-past 7 iu the evening. Commu- nications should be addressed to M. Fr. de Backer, 40, Rue d'Aremberg, Brussels. Botanic Garden, Durban, — Our illustration (fig. 14) represents a view in these gardens, which have for many years been under the care of Mr. J. Medley Wood, and to whom we are indebted for the photograph and for the interesting details which follow: — "In some parts of the midlands and up- lands of Natal and Zubiland Aloe ferox is frequently met with, and is one of the commonest species of its genus; in height it is only exceeded by A. dicho- toma or A. Bainesii, but. the latter speciei are 114 THE GAI?DEXEI?S' CHnnXICLE. [jAVrARY 2fi, 1^-0. arborescent, bearing tufts of leaves at the eiiils of their branches, and often attaining a large size. A. ferox, however, though reaching 10 to 15 feet in height, has a simple stem, wliich, when undisturbed, is frequently clothed to the base with the dried and stiffened leaves; these leaves are used hy the natives in the manufacture of the snuff" of which they are so fond, and are sold for this purpose at most of the Kaffir stores in town : in fact, a nativ*^ does not consider his snuff" to be complete without a propor- tion of the ashes made by burning the leaves o( the plant. A year or two ago, one or two bales of these dried leaves were sent to England, presumably for sale to tobacco manufacturers: but, on their arrival, being classed as Aloe leaves, they found their way to the wholesale druggist, and were most likely even- tually destroyed as being of no value. It will be seen from the illustration tliat the stem of the specimen is kept quite clear of old leaves by the natives em- [iloj'ed in the gardens. From this plant the larger portion of tlie Natal Aloes is procured, tliough in some districts, no doubt, other sjiecies are used and the juice mixed, the result being, I have reason to believe, an inferiority in the drug. In the background of the cut is seen what is known as the Giant Encephalartos, a photo of which is, I believe, in the Kew Museum. This plant, when brought from Kranskloof, a few miles from Durban, had a trunk 15 feet high, but in jilanting in our loose sandy soil, some feet had to be ?unk beneath the soil to give it steadiness, but still it has fallen considerably from theperpendicxilar. The species is known as E. caff'ra, and it is very seldom that specimens are found pven equalling this in heiglit. though I have lieard of one which was said to measure 20 feet, and two years ago I saw in Zulu- land a clump consisting of three stems, the smallest of which was at least 15 feet in height, the other two a little more. The seeds of these plants are hollowed out with much care by the natives who use them as snuff'-boxes, which they carry in a hole made in the lobe of the ear, but since the intro- duction of brass boxes cf European make they are very seldom seen. The remainder of the plants in the group are imported Yuccas, Agaves, Fourcroyas, &c., surrounded by indigenous bush, the tree, whose stem appears behind the Ence^dialnrtos being rhsetacme Meyeri." A New Horticultural Association.— Tiie pp.rdeners of Reading and the district have recently formed a mutual improvement association, and the Hr-(t meeting in connection with it was held last N«)vember. On Monday, the 21st inst., a large and representative meeting was held at the above-named place, the President, W. J. Pai.mkr, Esq.. J. P., pre- siding. Mr. W. AViLDSMiTH, Heckfield Gardens, read a paper on "Mutual Improvement Associations as applied to Gardeners and Gardening." Mr. J. Pound, .lun., 10, London Road, Reading, is the honorary secretary. Chambre Syndicale of Ghent.— At the monthly meeting held on Monday, the 14th inst., the following awards were made : — First-class Certificates. — To Lycaste Poelmani, from M. L. Poelman-iVIaenhout ; to Cypripedlum villosum albo marginatum and C. Canhami var. pourpre, from ^I. Moens ; to Dendrobium Brymeria- num, from M. \j. Desmet-Duvivier ; to Odontoglos- Rum Hanyanum var., from ^1. A. IVeters, of Brus- sels ; to Catasetum Jjungerothi, fiom ^I. Leonard ; to Cypripedium Stonei Ilyeanuiu, and to C. Ashbur- toniic expansum, from M. .1. Hye-Leysen. Comiiinulations for Novelty. — To Begonia Monsieur de Lesseps, from M. L, Desmet-Duvivier; to Cypii- ppdium Williams!, from M. G. Vincke-Pujardin ; and to Oncidium chterophoruni, from M. Li'^onard, MasdevalliaS.— AVe have received from Miss Ei.oKFXCE II. WooT.wARD, of Belton, Granthara, the following : — "To those of your readers who are col- lectors of the genus Masdevallia, it may be interest- ing to know that a long-proposed illustrated mono- graph of the genus is now commenced, and tliat Part I, will shortly be ready. The Marquis of EoTHiAN, at whose expense the book Is undertaken, has long contemplated a work of the kind, and drawings of about fifty Masdevallias have been made by myself from his collection, Newbattle Abbey, Dalkeith, I also lithographing the jilates for the work. It is proposed to include coloured plates of about lOO species, with accurate descriptions of each, the latter to be written by Mr. R. A. Roi.ff, of the Herbarium, Kew, with short additional notes hy the Marquis of Lothiav. The book will be issued in ten parts, each part to contain ten coloured plates, with descriptions. The size of the wruk is royal folio, and the price of each pari will bt> X2. Part I. will probably be ready in a few weeks, when ciri-ulars will be issui-d." MiLTONtA VEXILLARIA. -A liiaiv.-llous piece uf this was olfered at iMessrs. J. ('. Stkvrns' Rooms, '.\f<, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on Thursday, the 24th inst., and knocked down at 00 guineas. Its bright rose flowers were perfect in form, and the lip had an intensely dark 'blotch on the base, from which a drop-like pendant of the same colour extended down the lip. Mr. a. H. Smee.— >Ve barn that this gentle- man has been elected on the Merton and Wallington Division of the Surrey County Coiini.il. Pine-apples.— A correspondent writing of the cultivation of the above in the "West Indies, states that, " When grown for fibre the plants should be set in a shady situation inside a wall on the side of a house where the sun cannot get at them. Tlie new growths attains a length of 2 feet in about ten days, when they are cut and soaked in water for several days. They are then spread out on boards and scraped with broken earthenware to remove the skin. If the plants are grown for the sake of their fruits they are planted in the full glare of the sun, when the leaves attain only a few inches in length. Pines bloom about April, and are ready for picking about September." Principles of Physiological Botany as APPLIED to Horticulture and Forestry.— Tnder this title Professor Goodalk is jmblish- ing a series of articles in Garden and Forest, St. Andrews University,— We learn from the iJunurp J(tiTrfifcr that, under the direction of Mr. Wilson, the lecturer on botany, a botanic garden is being established in connection with this I'niversity. Cypripedium.— The first part of M. GoDEFnov's publication on this genus has just been issued. The text has been elaborated by Mr. N. 10. Brown. The coloured illustrations are from the pencil of ]\[dlle. .Iraxne Koch, and are as faithfully executed as they are beautifully reproduced. We shall revert on another occasion to this sumptuous publication. Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists.— We extract the following details relating to horticulturists from an article (one of a series) by Messrs, Jamks Brittkn and (i. S. BouLOEn in the current number of the Journal nf Botovy, and which shows how useful this index will be to future historians of horticulture and botany : — "Good, Petek (d. IftO.'?): d. Sydney, -lune, XAiYX Kew gardener. Sent in IT^ti to Calcutta. Accom- panied Brown on Flinders' Voyage, ISOl. Salis- bury, Paiad. Lond., t. 41; Gard. Chron. IR^l, n. .'iGS ; Hooker, Y\. Tasmania, cxiv., Goodia, Salisb. " GonnoN, CiEOKfiE (1800— 1S79): b. Lucan, Co. Dublin, 2r)th Feb. 1806; d. Uth Ort. 1870. A.L.R., 1841. At Chiswick from 1828. Assisted f.oudon in ' Arboretum,' ' I'inetum.' 1858. Herbarium of Conifers at Kew. Pritz. 120; Jacks., 1-40; R.S.C. II., 045 (Nos. ."i— 0) ; Gard. Chron. 1870. ii. .^lOO. " OoiiDON, -Tames (d. 1780). — Nurseryman, of Mile Knd, 1750— 177G. Worked for Lord Petre and Dr. Shernrd. Cnrrrspordrnt of Tiinna-us. Inlroducrd Vhmis nmcricana (1752), Sophora jnponica (175Mj, and Gin'/l-o (1751). Pult. n. 241; Linn. Letters, I. 0;^, 2oi ; liich. Corr. nOO ; Loudon. 'Arboretum," 78, 82 ; Phil. Trans, xl. 520. Gurdonia, Ellis. "GoimiK, WiLMAM (1812?— 1881). — Gardener. Contributed to .Mag. Nat. Hist. 1828. Described Grasses in Morton's Cyclop. Agriculture. R.S.C. II., 948 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., xiv., 298." It will be seen that the Index in question contains a condensed summary of the life career and works of the several persons mentioned together, with biblin- grajjhical and other refen-nces. in a very condensed f'.'-ni. but readily intelligible to students. Stocktaking for the Month and "Vear ending December 31. ISSS. including the ex- ports, with which wi- are uoL ht-re L-oncerned, the ligurt s given in the present return are of an astounding eiiaracter as showing the immensity of our commerce and the ubiquity of the British " liagman. " Thut- being no necessity for our dilating on the value i-t these figures en blue, we ]^roceed to briefly recoid such of them as concern many of our readers, con- tained in the "summary of imports" for December last, as follows : — -of imiiurts ■ 34,17;i.H7:i Tul;il V ( II.— (A.) ArticlP3 of food ami drink — duty free CB.) — do., dutiable i \'I.— R,iw niatprials for textile mamifac- lures (,including Flax, Hemp, and .Jute) $VII.— Raw materials 1 for sundry industries and manufactures | (including wood and | tirabtT. hewn, sawn, | split, dressf d ; vege- , table materials, for paper-making, &c.) 5IX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass, Flax, Rape, Linseed) ;{7.P40,62.i 4a,7(i6.6S2 1I,::m,i>o;; l2.4i>7.0:t.S 4 720.i:!ri i>.2;il.i^.".j L>.4po.ti0.> -f-2:(i.l-i:f 7,9l*0,SO.T 10.::00,838 4 2.280,035 2,468.0oS I 2,814,-192 +:i7M-U The following are a few items from the various sec- tions, in which most gardeners are concerned : — 4 II. Fniit: — Apples, raw I'nenunierated, raw Onions Potato^ Vef^etables, r.w, 1 ated 1S87. 1888. Differeiii'^ biisli S00.40il s;r,30D +S7li.90ii T2,8S1 2fi,282 — I)i,ti02 ,. 32«.lfl7 3iSS,8:ia +19.226 cwt. lU.li.i.i lOS.filO -U.045 iinpr Valut- £al,.^o9 £l.*?.20.>, 4£S.?31 The next table is taken from the " summary " for the year, and is built up on the same lines as that for the month of December: no further explanation is re- quired : — 1S8?. ISdS. Diffi^rence, To'.iil vulue of imjiorts .■ini,i>:is,oii £ 38ll„T«2,02ii £ +24.IS47.01.-. i II.— (A.) Articles ot fooil anil drink — liiity fri'f llii.o:M,:i".ii 121.281 097 -i 7.:i.v>.7^'< (11.)— .10., .liitinl.le ... 2.^.7.er inoliuled an aunonncement of Iier death on tlie 4tli iust., in lier eighty-fifth year, so tliat tlie article in <|iiestion— a critical review— was penned only a few days before her decease. Rye-Grass.— Dr. Fkeam has dene good service hy demonstrating in the Jonnta! or' rlic liiv/n/ Aflii- cii'iitml So-i'iii the valnable qnalities of this grass in permanent pasture, but which had been aspersed by various writers in the teeth of facts which as it would greni were patent to any observer. LAXTON'S Peas. - We learn that Mes.^rs. II.MiuisoN- & Sons, of I..eioester, have purchased tlie entire stuck of J'eas— crosses and selections— from the well known hybridiser, Mr. T. I>.\xtox, of liedford, ami that some of these excellent Peas, which have been tfsted at the lioyal Horticultural ("iarJens at Chiswick, will shortly be introduced to commerce. Tree Removal.— Several trees -10 feet high liave bet n removed from a wood into the park of Mr. Bi.iMin t Mai'le's seat at Childwickbury. 'The trees were conveyed on a "capstan" trolley, and the watering of them is done by a Merrywrather "Valiant" (ire-pump, which takes its supply from a source a mile distant, and ilistrihutes it over the tops of the trees. Publications Received. C/i--i/s3ii/lie,Hii,iisaiif! thrir Culture. 4th Edition. By E. Molvneu.\. (Undon: 171, Fleet Street, 'E.C.)— British Urcdi- ncie and VstihginC(S. By C. B. Plowright, M.R.C.S.. F.L.S. (London: Kr.a.vt Paul, Trench & Co, Paternoster Square). — Botaiiischc Jaarbock, Eerste jaarijanj, l.^SO. (Ghent: .1. Vutlsteke, Koes- traaf, 1-3.) — Xalional Footpath Preservation Society : Fourth Annual Report, (fjondon: 42, Esse.x Street, Strand, W.C.)—The Book of the Farm. By II. Stephens. 4th edition. By .1. Macdonai.d. Divi- sion II. (Elinbaigh and L'):idon : W.Blackwood &S0NS.1 Nursery Notes. PL.iXTS IN FLOWER -VT -MR. B. S. WILLIAMS', IIOLLOWAY. Is spite of the ungeniality of the weather in London, many plants are beginning to flower here, the show-house being gay with the colours of Dutch bulbs. Lilac, &c. In an intermediate-house we observed two valu- able winter-flowering Begonias. B. sempervirens carminata gigantea is good in foliage and free to flower, but like many another plant, liable to lose its unopened flower-buds in foggy weather. B. Gloire de Sceaux has rose-coloured flowers, and an abundance of them at this season ; the leaves have b,-onzy-green tints, and the whole plant has a general resemblance to Begonia discolor. Manv young plants of Luculia gratissima were observed, which had flowered well earlier in the winter ; .Jasminum gracillimum is getting a popular plant, and chiefly because of its being the best of the Jasmines to produce winter blossoms freelv. The old, though not well known Burchellia capensis with orange-coloured tubular flowers in terminal corymbs is another winter bloomer deserv- ing of general cultivation. It is a free bloomer, and its colour is not common at this season among hard- wood plants. The proper place for it is with the warm-house Rhododendrons, that is, where the night temperature is from 50° to .55", and that of the day at this period of the year 10° higher than that. Of Rhododendrons of the section just named, several were in flower, but no wealth of bloom was seen, all blooms being sacrificed to bouquet-making at this season. E. Taylori is still one of the best, at least being old and in quantity it is much in evidence. A few goo. I ("vi-lauii'U and Primulas were seen, and still many pitchers decorated the plants in the Nepenthes- house, one, the most remarkable, being X. I'3xcidsior x (Ralllesii x Ilookerii), an improve- ment on each parent. The jiitcher has long su.spend- iiig stalks, and is of considerable size, with a green ground-colour variegated with bright brown. It is remarkable more for its large transverse diameter than for its de]ith. Of Orchids in flower, we observed in the various houses Odontoglossum sceptrum, luteo-jmrpureum, blandum, a rare and delicate species; baphicanthuni. a good spike ; Harryanum, a few crispuin, .^nd a few others ; the sweet-scented Dendrobium tndo- charis, small growing and good for a basket ; Lycaste costata, a white-colouied flower with just a tinge uf green in it, and of Iree-blooniing habit ; Masde- vallia polysticta, a valuable species at this time of the year ; the prevailing colours are white, olive- green, and purple. Alany species and varieties of Cypriiiedium were in flower, of which we noted down Ilarrisianuiu vivicans, nitens, I'ytchiauuui, Ilartwegianum, Sedeni- candiduluni, politum, Williaiusianum, a very fine flower, with delicate browns and greens in its various parts ; Meirax, tonsum, fine imported plants ; Sallieri, very like to nitens. A few large pieces of Ccelogyne cristata, Cattleya Triana', Lycaste Skinneii, were also in bloom. Calamus ciliaiis is a charming Palm, with soft hairy stems and leaves, the latter of a lively green, and much divided. One of the best table plants, a Carludovica, provisionally named elegans, is also a handsome, small growing P.alni, bringing true leaves from the first, and easy to propagate by offsets in the manner of Rhaphis flabelliformis. The Crotons and Aralias seem very well done at this nursery, and the stock is large and varied. Colonial. -♦• PLANT BEETLES. Singapore. — We are here suffering very much from the attacks of two kinds of small chafers. One is about the size of Phyllopertha horticola, and attacks Amherstias, Saracas, Bauhinias, Acalyphas, Palms, and many other plants. Both are quite invisible during the day, but at night the whole plant swarms with them. SVhen you beat them into an umbrella they fly off briskly, and are very hard to catch. Can you suggest any method of destroying them ? They bite the leaf into holes, so that the skeleton only is left. H. i\'. Ridley, Botanic Ganlen, Singapore. [We learn from Mr. C. Waterhouse, of the Natural History Museum, that the beetles in question are species of Adoretus and Apogonia. Perhaps some entomological reader will kindly sug- gest a remedy. Ed.] PLANT PORTRAITS. Boronia keterophvlla, Hevuc Horfico/e, January lu. CoDi.r.uM The Czar, Il/iiflration Horticole, t. 70. — A fine form, with the coloration of the old C. pictum. Co5[pARETTiA FALCATA, Orchidacca?, Mexico, Liudenia, t. 163. CiPiaPEDicjt Crossianum, Illustration Hniticole, t. 72. Xeili.ia Toereyi, Garden and Forest, January 2. — A dwarf Spirxa, with three-lobed foliage and dense clusters of small white flowers arranged along the sides of the branches. ODONTOoLossrii EADiATtjM, Orchidacpiu, New Granada, Lindenia, t. 162. Oncidium Foebesi, Hook., var. maxima, Lind. et Rodigas, Brazilian Orchid, Lindenia, t. 164. Oscmiu.M OBTHOTis, Illustratio7i Horticole, t. 60. — A curious species, with small flowers with lance- shaped yellow sepals and petals, barred with brown, and a cordate acuminate lip with warts on the disc, The cuhimu has tw.) eii'et ear-like processes. Ves- tige! of abortive flowers appear on the branches of the inflorescence. OsrnowsKYA magnifica, Illustration Horticole, t. 71 ; Gardener.^' Chronicle, July 21, 18.S8, p. 65. KoupELLiA GRATA, Illu!itratio7i HorticoU, t. 6S — See Gardeners Chronicle, Sept, 29, 18SS. SoriiRoNiTis oEANDifi.oRA, Lindl., Brazil Orchid- ac:c, Lindenia, t. 101. VniKSE.i FDi.GiDA X , Illustration Horticol'-, t, 67. — A hybrid between V. ineurvata and V. Duvallii. THE CHINKSE PRIMROSE. TiiK season at which this charming plant pro- duces its flow-ers rendei's it very valuable in our gardens, and its value is much enhanced by the ease with which it is grown and propagated. The Chinese Primrose was introduced to this country about 1820 from Chinese gardens. The original introductions were from two sources and different in character, one set having relatively small flowers and smooth-edged petals, while the other set had indications of the crenated edge and wavy margin which characterise so many of the best varieties of the present day. Within the last fi,w years ki' have for the first time gained a knowledge of the wild plant, which was found on dry calcareous rocks, exposed to full sun in the gorges of Y-Chiing in the pro- vince of Ho Pe, Central China, by the Abbe Delavay,* and also by our countryman Dr. Henry. Good specimens from the latter gentleman are pre- served in the Kew Herbarium, and they show that the plant has a creeping and branched rootstock about the thickness of aswan-quill with small, stalked leaves, most of which are roundish and lobed, while others are elongate, as in the Fern-leaved section. The flowers are small, have a distended, 5-lobed calyx, varying a little in form, destitute of cresting, a light pink corolla, with a yellow eye, each petal notched, but not fimbriate. The outlines at fig. 10, obligingly communicated by JI. Franchet, show suUiciently for our purpose the leaf petal and calyx of the wild Chinese plant, while figure 15 shows a flower of a culti- vated plant which has so nearly reverted to the origi- nal condition that we may take it as an illustration. There are several points of interest here to be noted :— first, the locality where the plant grows— on hot, dry, limestone rocks, with little or no moisture (unless, perhaps, in the crevices). We certainly should not try to grow Chinese Primroses under those conditions. This affords another illustration of the fact that the best gardener is not he who attempts servilely to copy Nature, but he who knows best how to make the most of the plant under altered conditions. Next, the fact may be noted that the plant is a true perennial, with a woody stock not unlike that of the so-called tree Violets. We prefer to treat the plant as an annual, and we get better results in the way of ffowers. It is also interesting to note, that although there is now such a wide range of variation in this one species, yet that all this variation is the result of changes in the individuals of one species only. We have, indeed, only just become acquainted with the wild plant ; it has not been introduced into our gar- dens, and there is no other at all like it. True hybrid- isation, then, or the crossing of distinct species, has had no part in the remarkable variation met with. In the tuberous Begonias, on the other hand, first indi- vidual plants belonging to two species were crossed ; then the hybrid offspring was again crossed with another species, and so on. No wonder that there is variation among them. But, although there is no hybridisation proper in the Chinese Primrose, yet the arrangements of the flower are such as to favour cross-fertilisation, the pollen of the long stamens from the "thrum-eyed" flowers acting more perfectly on the stigma of the long-styled or pin-eyed flowers, * Sec' Primula Confprence Repirt, p. 191, Journut of tlie Koyal Hgrticultural Society. 116 THE GABDEXEBS' CHEOKIOLE. [January 20, 1889. or vice versa, so that therp may be a gootl deal of cross-breeding between different individuals. These variations are, of course, sought after and encouraged by the raiser ; thus, the white-flowered Snow Drift begins to flower in November or earlier, while the "Giant Crimson,'" sown at the same time, does not expand its blossoms till nearlv three months later. We have already alluded to the cross-fertilisation necessitated by the different lengths of the stamens and styles, or by the different periods at which those organs respectively are matured and ready for action. Close fertilisation, resulting from the interaction of stamens and styles of equal length, but both short, results in the production of a shortened truss not well thrust up above the leaves. A wiiole batch of one variety was shown us in Messrs. Sutton's nursery at Reading in confirmation of this state- ment, all with short stamens and styles, and all with the flower truss placed on a stalk, which, relatively to others, did not lengthen, but allowed the flowers to nestle among the leaves. Darwin's notion that cross-fertilisation secures a more vigorous constitution and a more perfect matura- tion of the plant, is supported by these observations. Another observation is of great interest ; it con- cerns the " eye," or mouth of the corolla-tube ; usually this is yellow in colour, and either nearly circular, or star-like, radiating into five or six pointed or obtuse lobes. In some cases the edge radiates irregularly into a sort of "flame" surrounding the eye. Obviously the size of the eye varies much, and it is noted that when the eye of a particular seedling becomes very small cross-fertilisation is then diflicult, and the plant itself is apt to be lack- ing in vigour. If the eye, on the other hand, is relatively too large it is apt to become green, and the whole flower shows a tendency to assume a leafy con- dition, as if the processes of vegetation were en- hanced at the expense of those of reproduction. Among other curious corelations which have been ■observed at Reading are the fact that a blue flower has not yet been produced on a green stem, but only on those with reddish stalks^a fact which seems to show that the blue is derived from the Btalk, and mixes with the pink of the petal to produce those slate or lavender-coloured flowers which are called blue by courtesy. Again, the offspring of single white flowers on dark stalks reproduce the parental form and colour ; but the offspring of double white flowers on a dark coloured stalk do not come true, but produce flakes and bars of purple on the white ground. The difficulty of procuring seed of the best double blue varieties ia so much greater than with most others that very little is obtained, and a consequent high price is asked for such seed. Facts of which these are illustrations add zest to the work of the raiser, and generate an interest in the mind of the intelligent cultivator beyond the appreciation of the flowers for their beauty sake alone. Adverting now to Messrs. Sutton's varieties as a whole, they are evidently not only of superior " strain'" — a strain obtained by the careful observation and utilisation of such facts as those just recorded, but they are beautifully grown. The plants are of medium size, as even aa Lettuces in a market garden, with bold healthy foliage, with the stalks not too long, many-flowered, well raised trusses, and flowers of large size, good substance, and clearly defined brilliant colours. All this vision ot beauty is created in about seven months. Seed is sown at intervals from February to June, so as to secure a succession. The seeds are sown on the surface of the soil (leaf-mould, loam, and sand) in pans, and placed in a temperature of 50° — 65° for some three weeks. When the seed- lings have germinated — which they do at rather irregular intervals — the young plants are placed near the glass, but are not exposed to direct sunlight ; afterwards they are pricked out, shifted into thumb- pots, and ultimately into 48*8 with good drainage, potting firmly, and growing the plants on without undue forcing, but without a check— the last point being essential to full success, Classification of Varietie;^. The following arrangement of the varieties will apply, of course, to the productions of any grower, and is adopted for convenience sake, and as being more practically useful than a more strictly scienti- fic grouping would be. The most obvious and most definite characters, or points of distinction, are — first, the singleness or doubleness of the flowers ; next, the form of the leaves, roundish, oblong, or " Fern- leaved, and "crested." Lastly comes the colour of the flower. Here much indefiniteness comes in, be- cause hardly two people, if any, appreciate colours in the same way ; the tints, moreover, merge one Fig. is.— CHINK3E PRIMROSE, CULTIVATED FORM, WHICK HAS NFARLY RFVERTFD TO THR ORIGIXAL TYPE. into the other, they vary according to the age and condition of the plant and the light under which they are seen, and moreover they cannot be adequately expressed in words that shall convey the same definite meaning to all readers. All the varieties now enumerated were seen and compara- tively examined at the same time, so aa to equalise matters as much as possible, but only those who live among the plants, and watch them from day to day, can acquire anything like an adequate knowledge of the colour, or indeed of any of the characteristics of the plant. In the following enumeration we confine ourselves to those differences which are likely to concern the florist and amateurs. With all the flowers before us at one time, the colours seemed to us to fall into the following main groups, (disre- garding numerous transitional tints) : — 1, red or dull crimson ; 2, rosy-lilac passing to bright crim- son ; 3, pink or light rose; 4, striped or flaked; 5, " blue," or, rather, bluish-lilac; G, white, including Fig. 16.— the WILD Chinese primbcse: a, b, lfavf.s of TWO FORMS; 0, PETAL; D, E, F, VARIOUS FOKMy OF THE CALYX. snow-white, ivory-white, white with a faint flush of yellow or rose or lilac, &c. We have not given the dimensions of the leaves, aa they naturally vary according to circumstances. The fancier natur- ally prefers relatively short leaf-stalks, which give a compact habit to the plant ; the height of the foliage in the following varieties is stated by Messrs. Sutton to be about G inches in Nos. 24, ai, and 32, to 5 inches in Nos. 4, 7, 11, 12, 20, 2G, 33; about 4 inches in Nos. 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15. 16, 17, 10. 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28 ; about 3 inches in Nos. G, 14, 18, 29 and 30. The degree of lobing of the margin and the shape of the lobes differ considerably in different varieties, but it would be hopt^leas to convey an adequate idea of such differences in words ; the same may be said as to the calyx. The trusses are simple or branched tier above tier, and either raised above the foliage by the lengthening of their scape, or tins stalk is sr> short that the lowest flowers of tlie truss are on a level with the foliage, and so appear to rest upon it. Of course the details here given are only indicative of tendencies. To grow these plants up to Messrs, Sutton's standard the cultivator must grow them as well as Messrs. Sutton do, but even they could not guarantee that the seedlings from the present strain would infallibly be as good as the parent stock, but they take every care that,'so far as they are con- cerned, it shall be the same, or if not better. A.— SINGLE FLOWERED VARIETIES.— Nos. 1—19. I. Leaves Rounded, Flat. Flowers Red to Dull Crimson. — Nos. 1 and 2. 1. Readlnt/ Scarlet. — Habit strong, much branched. Leaves, stalk, and under surface reddish. Truss pyramidal. Calyx . . . Corolla 1^ inch across, crimson ; limb flat, petals broad, 3-lobed ; lobes deeply crenate, flattish, overlapping. Eye A^ inch across, well defined, sub - pentagonal, yellow; anthers projecting fthrum-eyed). This free-flowering variety began to bloom in November, and was still in good condition early in January, in spite of fogs and gloomy weathar. 2. Improved C/dsivick Hed, — Habit compact. Leaf- stalk and under surface reddish. Truss pyramidal. Corolla Ij inch across, circular, flat, crimson, edges irregularly crenate flat. Eye f inch across, 5-angled, yellow; anthers included (pin-eyed). A neat flower, of good form and colour, but deficient in size Flowers Rosy-lilac to Crimson. — Nos. 3 — 7. 3. Special Hybrid. — Robust. Leaf-stalk aiul lower surface reddish, section of leaf-stalk ap- proaching that of the Fern-leaved varieties. Truss well raised above the leaves. Corolla nearly 2 inches diameter, rosy-lilac, circular, lobes crumpled crenatr. Eye § inch across, 5-sided, yellowish, surronnded by a narrow zone of white ; anthers protruding. Under the same name are enumerated tem- porarily various forms which we believe have not yet beensufficiently flxed to warrant their being definitely named. As they vary one from another, we have here taken them as we found them, and sorted them into their places accordingly. 4. Advance. — Habit strong and compact. Leaf- stalk and lower surface reddish. Truss pvraraidal, resting on the foliage. Corolla 1^ inch across, flat, deep rosy-lilac, 6 — G petalled, lobes crumpled, coarsely crenate ; eye % inch across, yellow, ob- scurely 5~G angular, anthers included. A very handsome variety. 5. Superb Hed.—Vigorons. Stalk and lower sur- face of leaf reddish. Truss pyramidal, resting on the foliage. Corolla 1^ inch across, flat, lobes crenated ; eye nearly 1 inch across, greenish-yellow, 5-lobed, lobes obtuse ; anthers included. Remarkable for its finely developed eye. G. Hidii/ A7j?(/.— Compact. Leaf-stalk and lower surface of leaf reddish ; bouquet-like truss ; corolla 1.^ inch across, flat, rich rosy-crimson ; eye nearlv half an inch, greenish-yellov/, edged with brown, obscurely 5-angled ; anthers included. A very beau- tiful variety. 7. Giani Cri,nson.— Habit Vigorous but compact. Leaf-stalk and lower surface reddish ; truss raised above the foliage ; corolla nearly 2 inches across, disc flat, lobes wavy, bright violet-crimson ; eye 4 inch across, yellow, edged with pale brown, 5-angled ; anthers included. Remarkable for its large she and substance. Flowers Pink or Light Rose. — Nos. 8 and U. 8. Beading Pini-.—Moderatt^ly vigorous, spreading. Leaf-stalk and lower surface of leaf green ; truss compact; corolla nearly 2 inches across, flat, circular, rose-pink with whitish spots; petals detqly lobed, lobes slightly wavy en rate; eye, 5-lob(d, lobes roundish yellow; ant'i r? included, A very charming variety. Jantjaky 26, 1889.] TEE gaudenebs' chronicle. 117 9. special Hyhr'ul iJo^c— Vigorous and compact. Stalk and lower surface of leaf reddish ; truss pyra- midal : corolla exceeding 1.} inch across, of good substance, lobes wavy, uneven, deep rose ; eye I inch, yellow, sub-angular, with a faint edging of brown. yiowers Bluish-Lihic— No. 10. 10. Iicadiiip Bh(c. — Moderately vigorous. si)read- ing. Leaf-stalk and under surface of leaf reddish ; truss raised about - inches above the foliage ; corolla l.j inch across, uneven, wavy, bUieish-lilac ; a small white spot on each side of each of the five or six petals or deeper lobes ofthe flower. Eye open, 5 — 6 angular, yellowish, nearly h inch across ; anthers included. Flowers White, or nearly so. — Nos. 11 — 14. 11. Special Hyhrid. — See note to Xo. 3. Vigor- ous and branching. White. Stalk and under surface of leaf reddish ; truss compact, raised about - inches above the foliage ; corolla nearly 2 inches across, 6-pelaUed ; white, flat, edges bold and wavy, crenate ; eye \ inch across, G-lobed, lobes pentagonal, pointed ; anthers included. 12. Pearl. — Vigorous and spreading. Stalk and lower surface of leaf green ; truss compact, well raised above the foliage ; corolla nearly 2 inches across, flat, lobes regularly and finely crenated ; eye .} inch, greenish-yellow, 5-angled, lobes pointed ; anthers included. Differs from the precdiug in its timaller and greener leaves, flatter and more finely lobed. 13. Giant White. — Vigorous, but compact. Leaves small, stalk and under surface green ; truss o inches above the foliage; corolla V^ inch across flattish, of good substance, white flushed with pale rose, lobes wavy, coarsely crenate ; eye more than \ inch across, 'yellow, 5-lobed, lobes rounded not pointed. A very handsome variety. 14. Special Hybrid.— See note to No. o, Strong. Leaves small, 3 inches long, stalk and lower surface green ; truss compact, 2 inches above the foliage ; corolla 1-J- inch across and upwards, flat, lobes wavy, edges regularly crenate ; eye nearly | inch across, canary-yellow, circular, flamed or radiating at the edge, not lobed ; anthers included. Remarkable for its large eye, the lobes of which are flamed. II. Leaves Oblong (Fern-leaved), Flat.— Nos. 15—30. Flowers Red. — No. 15. lo. Xew Scarlet Fer7i-lea red. — Vigorous and spread- ing. Leaf-stalk and lower surface reddish ; truss p_\Tamidal, resting on the foliage ; corolla If inch across, circular ; petals rosy-carmine, o-lobed, lobes crenate ; eye } inch across, 5-angled, yellow. Tube less than half the length of the limb, cylindric, slightly dilated at the top ; anthers protruding. A variety with flowers of good shape and substance, and of rich colour. Flowers Rosy-Lilac. — No. IG. 16. JRosy-lilac Fem-leavrd . — Vigorous and spread- ing. Stalk and lower surface of leaf green ; truss pyramidal, resting on the foliage ; corolla-limb 1.} inch across, circular, flattish, pale lilac ; eye angular, greenish-yellow ; anthers included. Flowers Flaked. — No. 17. 17. Gip^y Qiiecii. — Strong and spreading. Leaves very dark red ; truss branching, its base 2 inches above the leaves ; flowers 1.1 inch across, circular, flat, white, flaked with rose, some pare white, of good substance ; eye ^ inch across, yellowish, ob- scurely angular, anthers included. Flowers Bluish. — No. 18. IS. Blue Fcrn-leavcd. — Vigorous, spreading. Leaf red on the under surface ; truss compact ; corolla 1| inch across, flattish, lilac, with white spots at the base of the petals ; eye markedly angular, greenish- yellow, k inch across. A free-flowering variety. Flowers White. — No. 19. 19. Purify. — Vigorous and spreading. Leaves red on the under surface, regularly and finely cut ; truss branching, raised above the foliage ; corolla l^f inch across, flat, lobes uneven, crumpled, edges crenated ; eye .\ inch across, pentagonal, yellow, anthers included. FiK. 17.— L'HIXK^ii: I'RIMROSK: A NEW TYI'IC or I'OLIA'. UBLO.Nfi, BIT CRESTED. B.— DOUDLE FLOWEKED \"AR1ETIES.— Nos, 20-'J3. I. Leaves Hounded, Flat. Flowers Red to Dull Crimson. — Nos. 20 and 21. -0. Improved Double Car/nine. — Vigorous and compact. Leaf-stalk and under surface reddish ; nl.li Doini-i: white CHINE.-sE l-RlMHgsE, STILL GOOD FOB CLTTiNti. truss pyramidal ; corolla 1\ inch across ; limb deep flesh-coloured, circular, regular ; lobes imbri- cate, crenate ; supplementary petals five, erecto- patent, horn-like, convolute, coloured on the outer surface ; anthers small opposite the petals, spread- ing, not connivent ; tube thrum-eyed. 21. Double Scarlet, — Vigorous and compact. Stalk and under surface of leaf reddish ; truss pyramidal ; corolla IJ inch across, rich carmine ; limb flat, circular, of firm substance ; petals imbricate, cre- nate ; supplementary petals erect, horn-like; anthers small, sju-eading, projecting; tube thrum-eyed. Flowers Kosy-lilac. — No. 22. 22. Do«Me //y'n-W.— Vigorous and compact. Leaf roundish, red on the under surface ; truss jiyra- midal corolla limb 1^ inch iicross, flattish, deep rosy- lilac ; supplementary petals erect, tube thrum-eyed, anthers protruding. Flowers Pink or Light Hoso.— No. 2.'3. 23. Double Sose, — Moderate and compact. Leaves green; truss pyramidal; corolla circular, flattish, 1 j inch across ; pale rose-pink ; supplementary petals forming rounded tufts. Anthers protruding. Avery pretty variety. Flowers Flaked, — No. 24. 2L Double Carimtioii-Jiaked. — Moderate and branching. Leaves reddish; truss pyramidal, 2 inches above the foliage ; flowers nearly \k inch across, circular, of good form and substance, crenu- late ; petals all white, or flaked with pale violet ; nuthers ])rojecting. Flowers Blue, — No. 25. 2.5. Double .B/«f.— Moderate and spreading. Leaves reddish ; base of truss 2 inches above the foliage ; corolla \h inch across, deep lavender blue, \eTy double, lobes coarsely crenate; anther 6—7, pro- truding. Flowers White — Nos. 20 and 27. 26. Double White. — Moderate branching. Dark stem, leaf-stalk and lower surface red ; truss pyra- midal, 2 ihches above the foliage ; flower If inch across, pure white, veiy full, lobes flattish, evenly crenated ; stamens 6, sjjreading, 27. Double White, Vuiht stem. — Strong and compact. Leaf-stalk and lower surface green ; truss pyramidal, 2 inches above the foliage ; corolla more than li inch across, flat, white flushed with rose, 6-lobed, crenate. II. — Leaves Oblong (Fern-leaved), Flat. Flowers Pink or Kose. — No. 28. 23. Double Hose, Fern-leaned, — Moderate and spreading: leaves green; truss pyramidal; flowers lA inch across ; corolla circular, deep rose, coarsely crenate. Flowers Blue.— Xo. 29. 20. Double Blue, Fern-leaved. — Strong and spread- ing. Leaves red ; truss compact, 2 inches above foliage ; cordlla 1^ inch across, slaty-blue ; anthers spreading. See also No. 33. Flowers White.— No. .30. 30. Double White, Fern-leaved. — Strong and spread- ing. Stalk and under surface of leaf green, stalk boat-like in section ; truss compact, 2 inches above the foliage; flowers IrJ inch across, circular, white, flushed with rose, very full, lobes undulate, regu- larly and somewhat coarsely crenate. III. Leaves Crested.— Nos, 31—33. Flowers Bluish. — No. 31. 31. Moss-vitrled Lilac. — Moderate, spreading. Leaf roundish, reddish ; lobes lobulate and curled at the edge; truss branching ; flowers 1,} inch across, very pale lilac or bluish ; petals flattish, not much lobed ; anthers projecting. Flowers White. — Nos. 32 and 33. 32. MosB-curled White. — Moderate, spreading. Leaves rounded, stalk and lower surface pale green ; lobes multilobulate ; lobules projecting, crested, overlapping; truss branching ; flowers 1^ inch across, white ; petals rounded, flat, finely crenate. 33. Double White Fern-leaved, Crested, — Strong and spreading. Leaves Fern-like, oblong, pale green, lobed, lobes multilobulat'^, raised, crested, over- lapping one another ; truss branched ; corolla flat, even, recurved, l\ inch across, white, flushed with 118 THE OAlil)i:Ni.'-RS' CHRONICLE. [Jaxuarv lVi, l,-'8i). rose ; petals rounded, scarcely lobed, rather finely toothed at edge, partially double, extra petals erect, short ; eye somewhat circular, radiating at the edges. This is remaikable for its oblong leaves (see fig. IK), which are crested, as in the other moss-curled varieties, all of which have hitherto had roundish foliage. Home Correspondence, 1^* Correspomhnts will greatly oUige hy sending early intelligence of local events likely to he of intere&t to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. PkotograpJis or drawings of gardens, or of renmrJcahU plants, trees, ^r., are also solicited. CALLAS FROM SEED. — Generally speaking. I believe it is not considered profitable to attempt raising these plants from seed ; small offsets being ])referfed. This conclusion must be arrived at, how- fver, after unsuccessful attempts with bad seed, for where the seeds are good the result is everything that could be desired, and far more than many would pver expect. A simple statement that Callas may be grown from seeds to produce fairly good spathes in less than twelve months, may at first sight appear somewhat startling, though its accomplishment is nevertheless a fact. Near where I am writing may be seen a batch of some 1400 or more fine plants, showing quantities of flowering-spikes, from plan'.s which are as yet barely twelve months old, some of the plants, the earliest and btfst-flowered when about ten months old, since which time the percentage has steadily increased ; so that when they reach their first anniversary the great majority will have already }ielded good flowers. I say "good flowers" that your readers may not regard them as puny and valueless, which may be imagined from the fact that they are now bringing a return of 6d. each in Covent Garden at the present time, and returned double this sum at Cliristmas time. This batch of seedling Callas are being grown by Mr. Milne, a nurseryman of New Hamwton, Middlesex. The seed was sown during January and February of last year, and according to the testimony of Mr. Milne, almost every seed must have germinated, during which stage it lifted the soil bodily in large flakes, thus showing its vigour and extreme vitality. From the time when they were first potted from the seed boxes they have been kept growing steadily, and when sufficiently large accorded a more liberal treatment, with the results above indicated. I have liad the privilege, from time to time, to see them, and note the progress they have made, and which must now be clear to all. To make this a profitable undertaking two things are essential ; firstly, seeds of undoubted quality ; and secondly, a course of liberal treatment through- out. It is worthy of note, by the way, that the whole of this batch appear to be without the slightest variation. There are other things to be seen here of exceptional merit, such as Tree Carnations. Gar- denias, Pot Roses, in season ; Maidenhair Ferns, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and the like, all being grown in bulk for market purposes. I may also add that Mr. Milne is one of these men who believe in friction, believing that gardeners of all grades benefit con- siderably by rubbing their opinions together, and any one interested in the subject of these notes will be made welcome by the proprietor. E. Jenkins. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY AND THE LINDLEY LIBRARY. In the review of tlie ar- rangements of the Society in regard to shows, meet- ings of committees, &c., for the current year, mention is made of the Lindley Library as being rich in hor- ticultural and botanical works available for the use of the Fellows. But valuable as this privilege is, 1 fear there are comparatively t'^v: who will be able to take advantage of it, as 1 find that on the days when most Fellows are likely to be present — namely, on the committee-meeting days — it is, except from 10 to 12 noon, occupied by the Council, during which time all the other Fellows are excluded — indeed, thn two hours is, I was informed, conditional ; that is, only, if the rooms were not required fcr other pur- poses. It will, therefore, be evident that provincial Follows, and others desirous of consiilling the books on its shelves, must make a special journey to London on a day when the Society has nothing else to off"er the visitor, at least in London. This arrangement a]>pears to me to be very un.'atisfactoiy, in fact, except to metropolitan Fellows, the library is little else than a white elephant. It may be argued that the rooms are as much for the use of the Council as for the accommodation of the library, but if viewed in that light; then I say much smaller and less expensive rooms would be am])le for the Council only. Moreover, as the Council has an excellent room available at Chiswick, if those rooms, with tlie library, cannot be used for tlie pur- poses of the Council, without interfering with their own legitimate uses, then the sooner the Council betakes itself to its own rooms in the Society's gardens at Chiswick, the better for all concerned. I also note in the Schedule of Arrangements, p. ^ : — " Books may be borrowed, under certain regulations." And here it might be interesting to know what the regulations are. Another matter— as there is no printed catalogue (omitting that huge hybrid sort of production located in the room) how are the Fellows tu know what the library contains ? I think a small catalogue, such as is to be found in many other libraries, would be of immense use, as without such a list I fail to see how distant Fellows are to know whether or not the books they desire are in the library. Such a list would not cost much ; at all events, there should be no difficulty in producing the same at a cost considerably under a shilling to each Fellow, if necessary. I venture to think there are few who would mind paying a few pence for such a useful instnmient. F. H. AN EARLY QUEEN WASP.-- 1 was much surprised on the -lOth inst. to find a queen wasp on full wing in the open air, and which I captured. I have, for upwards of twenty years, taken a great interest in the habits of the wasp, but have never before seen one on the wing so early in the yeax. Should the ])resent mild weather continue it may induce many more wasps to leave their winter quarters, and upon the return of cold weather, which we are almost sure to have, it would prove disastrous to their welfare, as the home for the night would not be selected with as much care as was their winter home, when they left the nests in autumn. But their loss would be the fruit grower's gain. Perhaps some of your many readers may have seen a similar unusual occurrence in other and warmer parts of the country. J. liuti^or, The Rookcri/^ Pendleton, Manchester, FIG TREES. — In the colder parts of Britain Figs are seldom grown on open walls, because the young fruits are destroyed by frost, and even the shoots and main branches are killed in very severe winters. Protection of the trees without unnailing them entirely is seldom of any avail in very hard winters, and leads to expectations which often become illusory. By unnailing the branches and laying them close in on the soil at the foot of the wall, covering up snugly with a foot of Oak or Beech leaves, and over this some Fern to keep the former in place, the Fig will go unharmed through the hardest weather. The covering may be taken away when milder weather sets in, at intervals up to the end of March, when the last part of it must be re- moved, and the tree re-fastened to the wall. This mode of protection may not be dispensed with even in our inland southern shires. Brovn Turkey. VIOLETS AND FOGS. — Hoar frosts and fogs work fearful havoc with the foliage of Violets in metropolitan districts. Possibly these evil agents do harm to these hardy flowers wherever prevalent, but the London fogs are notoriously laden with London smoke, soot, sulphur, and other elements, which render fogs peculiarly harmful to vegetable life. The frequency and density of fogs about London seem to be incrtasing, a somewlmt alainiing matter for all engaged in the production of winter flowers; and especially of double Violets. These latter seem to be more amenable to fog influences than almost any other flowering plants, regularly hardy ; for even now throughout this district large breadths of what were in the autumn strong plants promising to bloom with great profusion in the spring, have now not a green leaf left upon them ; and but for evidences of breaking up again from the base of the plants, it might be assumed that the breadths were totally destroyed, Tliis damage is to be seen in its worst aspects in all the Neapolitan section, tuch as Neapolitan, Marie Louise, Comte de Brazza, white and blue, &c., all of which not only succumb absolutely out-of-doors, hut are with difliculty preserved even in frames. On the otlier hand, the old double strain of Violets, liaving dark stout leafage and shorter stems, with the crowns close tu the goibseem to wjthftand fogs much better. The old King of Violets, dark blue, and thu FragraLlissiiiia, white, so far are in very good condition ; some of the strongest in the leafage being destroyed, but the crowns remain intact. This fact indicates that, for all -ordinary outdoor purposes, not only are these old kinds the best, but also that raisers of double Violets should take from them rather than from the more tender Neapolitan strains, which are admirab'v suited to warmer climates, will not withstand our cold, foggy climate. V>'hen there is a yery con- tinuous run of hoar frost and fogs single Violets suffer severely also, but so far this winter they have not been materially injured. A. I). BOUVARDIAS.— I send you a few sprays of Bou- vardias just to show what a large qu.^ntity of blootn can be cut in the winter season from these winter- flowering plants. It may be stated that the flowers were cut from plants which have fioweredthree times this season. The first were cut for the Yarmouth Flower Show, whicli was held on August 30, and the third lot of blooms are now going off. When 1 say that they bloomed three times I do not mean that the head of bloom was pinclied out and then the same shoot threw out the usual side shoot which then flowered, but my plants were treated in the following way :— After undergoing a good period of rest under the greenhouse stage, they were brought forth and placed in one of the Melon houses, watered, pruned and started into growth; and when the shoots had got about an inch long they were shaken out and repotted according to their sizes The soil used was loam, leaf-mould, a little cowdung. and plenty of coarse sand, with a few half-inch bones added (the last-named material the Bouvardias are very partial tu). The plants were still kept in this house until they were fairly well rooted and had been pinched twice ; then they were removed to a house with a lower temperature (50*^), in which house they were grown until the last week in May, and were then planted out on a south border. Watering and pinching tiie shoots were ])erformed as often as required, and they grew very luxuriantly until they weie taken up for repot- ting— an operation which has to be performed very carefully so as not to injure the roots. I may men- tion that some of the plants were taken' up on August IG, and the remainder in the last week in September. They were then placed in a shady house for a few days, and after this they were grown in a temperature about 60^, with the exception of a fort- night between each blooming period when they were placed in a cooler house and water was witheld ; and on again placing them in heat they broke again very strongly from the half-ripened wood and bloomed vei-y freely. Alfred Bishop, Wcstky Hall Gardens Bury St. Edmunds. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. Januaoy 15. — Present : Jlr. Pascoe, in tlip chair ; Messrs. Jlorris, McLaclilan, Oliver, Wilson, Michael, MiiUer, Dr. M. T. Masters, .and the Rev. G. Ilenslow, lion. Sec. Ordiid Hull's Allucli'd by Inscds.—'ilr. llorris ilrew attention to an insect found to attack Orchids at the Botanical Gardens, Trinidad. The injury is done chiefly at night. This Orchid " hug " is con- sidered by Mr. IJistant to be an undescrihed species of Eccritntarsus, which he purposis describing in a fnrthcoiuing number of the luifunintiH/ical Muntkli/ Miii/tt:iiu- as E. e.\itiosus. Mr. .McLaclilan suggests that any remedies found etVeclive in the case pf mealy-bug would be effective in this case as well. Ill America he says they prefer Paris green, a cheap form of .arsenic, for the treatment of insect pests. /irn/« r«,r/i(Mi (Maskett), I'/atc oJ'.—'Mi: Jlorris also exhibited a plate of this insect, shortly to appear in the Kcw BiiUciin, illustrating its characters and life-history. It is known as the " Cottonv Cushion Sests. It attacks equally the Acacia, Orange, and other plants, and has caused gre.it d.amagc to the Orange groves of California and Florida. It is fully described in the report of the Entomologist, U.S. Dep. of Agric, ISSfi, p. 474, seq. ; also by Maskett in his account of the .scale insects of New Zealand, pi. xix,, p. 104. The insect does not appear to have been introduced into plant-houses in this country as yet. It is, however, a pest thgt English horticul- Janv-ahV lV, laso.l THE LiAtibEKEtiS' aim ONI CLE. H9 lurists wouUl ib wi'U tu look out for, aiul to trtnit iit once shouUl it make its appearance. Mr. iMcLachhin observed that it had been thought by some to be identical with the old Su;i^ar-oane pest, T. sacchari. A Lime (vifh Contorted Bntiuhcs. — AVith reference to the tree sent to the last meeting by iNIr. ywailes of Beverly, he writes in addition—"! have to-day looked over the yrowth of a few scions I took oti" the tree in the spring and grafted, and lind that they all sliow the same peculiar c>)ntorted growth, which I sliould imagine would be permanent." FiMxinus liiMiophylla fiisciatcd. — Mr. Swailes also sent a fine sii^cimen of a fasciated branch from this tree. The Ash. as is well known, is peculiarly liable to this affection. It was remarked by Mr. O'Brien that in the last season the common Ox-eye Daisy was frequently fascJated. Witli regard to this affection becoming permanent, Dr. Mnilersatd that it has been repeated for two years in Weigela. ])r. Masters had noted the constancy of it in Lilium speciosiiTu and many other plants, Mr. Oliver in Larkspurs at Iveiv ; lastly that the syuanthic condition of the flowers of Jlr. llenslow reminded tlie committee of the fact Tomato was a species of fasciation perpetuated by seed. The actual cause appears to be somewhat obscure, though the some- what vague expression of hypertrophy might partially account for it. Disa laccra Tnhcr$ Withstand in j Frost. — Mr. O'Brien exhibited several tubers of this South African Orchid, which appeared to be perfectly sound, having been twice hard frozen in the soil. Capture u/' Winter Moth. — Mr. G. F. Wilson exhi- bited a method of catching this moth, which was m >st effective. He observed that the Agricultural Ga^dtc of October 1-3, 1S88, recommended that in neighbourhoods where the winter moth was abundant a ring of cart-grease and Stockholm tar, or of cart- grease alone, should be daubed round the stems of fruit trees, near the base. Last year his Apple trees at Wisley had their leaves eaten by caterpillars ; he therefore tried tying a strip of the green scrim of the Willesden Paper Co. round the bottom of the stems, and smeared this with cart-grease. This was done in November and December. The strip exhi- bited by Mr. Wilson was covered with wingless females, interspersed with several winged males, proving the efiectiveness of the method adopted. a smooth peduncle, ludividually they are incon- spicuous, ofawliitiah colour, and develope a strong odour and abundant nectar during the warmer part ot the d.iy, when they are visited and fertilised by hymenopterous insects, the most remarkable being a large metallic-green carpenter bee (Xylocapa\ which tunnels out cells in the dead flower-stalks. The m 'eting adjourned to February 7. LINNEAN. Jas'Uarv 17.— W. Carruthers. F.R.S , President, in the chair. On behalf of Isl. Buysman, of Middle- burg, Mr. B. D. Jackson exhibited a series of careful dissections of Xymphica cu;rulea, collected by Dr. Schweinfurth in Kgypt. Mr. D. Morris exhibited specimens of drift fruit from Jamaica, where he had collected no fewer than thirty-five different kinds, brought by the Gulf Stream from the mouths of the Orinoco and Amazon. Although the species exhibited had not been deter- mined with certainty, it was believed to be probably Humiria balsamifera, And. (the flower of which is figured by Eichler, Flora BraziUcnei^, vol. xii., part-, 4-i2l), pi." 92, fig. 1 ), but the fruit uodescribed. It was commonly known in French Guiana a^ Bois rouge, and from it was obtained a gum used medicinally and burnt as incense. Mr. T. Christy exhibited a material felted from Manilla Hemp, and waterproofed, very strong and light, and particularly usef^til for surgical bandages, for which purpose it was highly recommended by army surgeons. Mr. F. Crisp exhibited some specimens of agate so curiously marked as to lead to the erroneous sup- position that they enclosed fossil insects and crus- ticea. A paper was then read by Mr. J. G. Tepper on the natural history of the Kangaroo Island Grass Tree (Xanthorrhfea Tateana). This tree grows abun- dantly in Kangaroo Island, South Australia, in pior gravelly and sandy soil, intermixed with ferru- ginous concretions, and attains a height of from 6 to 14 feet, with a diameter of 6 to 18 inches, and a floral spike of from 10 to lU feet. It is thus a most conspicuous plant, and lends a peculiarly weird aspect to the country it occupies. Its rate of growth 19 described as very slow, old settlers having re- marked but little change in individual trees after thirty years' observation. The most remarkable feature in the structure of the stem is the formation of a dense ligneous central core immediately above and connected with the roots, exhibiting numerous annular zones traversed by transverse (medullary) fibres. The flowers are borne in a dense spike upon BOTANICAL OF EDINBUROH. Jaslauv 10. — The Society met on the 10th inst. at o, St. Andrew Stpiare, Dr. Wra. Wilson, Vice- President, in the chair. The following papers were read : — 1. " Observations on the wood of certain Kesin- producing trees." Part III. By A. Gellatly, Curator, Museum of Science and Art. 2. " Note on the Fertilisuiiun of Aspidistra elatior by Slugs." By John Wilson, B.Sc. 0. " On Temperature and Vegetation at the Uoyal Botanic Garden." By K. Lindsay, Curator. 1. Observations on the wood of vcrlaiti RcsiH' jn'odncimj Trees. — The timber of Dalbergia cultruta was found to contain, like that of other species of this genus witii dark duramen, a comparatively high percentage of resinous matter. From Sal (Shorea robusta), another Indian timber, a con- siderable amount (namely, 10 per cent.) was obtained. From a rather heavy specimen of the well-known Lignum vita- as much as oO per cent, of resinous matter was extracted. Purple-heart, the colour of which is so sensitive to light when freshly cut, contains only a small amount of resin ; Tulip wood yields a larger quantity, and Myall wood (Acacia homalophylla) gave about Vd per cent, of resinous extract. 2. yoic on the Fcrtili-^atioii of Aspidistra clatior by Slugs {John ^fiVi'OJi, i'.iV.) —Irrespective of what may have been observed by Delpino, Ilildebrand, and perhaps others (a matter to be afterwards con- sidered), I wish to lay before the Society a few obser- vations of my own by way of showing that slugs are the agents responsible for the pollination of this species. The flowers of this very common decora- tive plant rise from a subterranean rhizome, and open above the surface ; their bases, however, often being to some extent sunk in the soil. In older plants the rhizomes may be iibove ground. Protec- tion is afforded by a series of bracts. The hue of the interior of the perianth is brownish-purple, the upper inner edges of the lobes being orange. The outside is freely spotted with purple. The stigma roofs over the whole throat of the flower, and is dingy reddish-purple. It is deeply sulcate, the eight sulci radiating with considerable regularity from the centre. They terminate at the centre in small hollows or tunnels, which, having usually yellow areas at the endings, are suggestive of having been carved out by slugs. (The same remark applies to the orange margins of the perianth.) The elevated radii of the stigma have two parallel grooves and a central (intermediate) ridge. This ridge corresponds with the single groove in the face of the segment opposite. But these have no apparent sig- nificance with respect to the matter in hand. The stamens are situated beneath the radiating ridges, and project nearly horizontally from the wall of the flower. The sunk portions of the stigma are at first (like the ridges) rigid, and no entrance into the flower can then be made; the incurved margins are, in fact, glued to the perianth. In a certain time, dependent on success of fertilisa- tion and other causes, the margins of the stigma between the ridges become flaccid and free, and permit a creeping visitant to descend. The whole stigma has been noticed to assume a leathery flexible consistence a few hours after the flower has been cut. The interior of the flower is extremely smooth and glassy, being just such a spot as a slug might find pleasure in exploring. At an early stage, before the interior is accessible, the pollen, which is very abundant and powdery, is shed, and falls to the bottom of the cavity. A slug passing along cannot fail to become coated with it. Finding exit, and proceeding to a fresh flower, the slug will pry about the sulci of the stigma and deposit the pollen there. The epidermis of the grooves is rendered deteutive by the j;apillx, a few cells high, universally dis- tributed there. The number of raphides in the cells of the inner faces of the perianth and the surface of stigma is worthy of remark. My belief that sings were the agents in the fertilisation of this species was strengthened by finding a few flowers with their slimy visitants inside. I experimented with the slugs, but did not demonstrate anything beyond this, that they creep about the grooves in quest of a hole, and when they find it (although \Qr\ small, and even artilicially formed) they descend by it into the cavity of the flowers. I hold the above to be a striking instance of cross-fertilisation. ."!. Progress of Vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden, FAintturgh, Deccother, IMSS. — The ])ast month of Decmber has been rein irkable. like the preceding month, for the extreme mildness of weather whicii prevailed. The thermometer was at or below the freezing point on thirteen occasions, the aggregate of frost registered being 57"^ only, as against V-^l'^ for December, 1887. Not since IBH^i has there been so mild a December. The lowest readings occurred on the lUh.24°; iDth, 2l)^ ; 27th. 2li^; ;iOth. 17^ ; .'Ust, 24'^. The lowest day temperature was ^2^ on the ;JOth, and the highest, 57'"'. on the Jird. No snow and comparatively little rain fell. Not a single plant came into flower on the rock garden during Decem- ber, other than those previously recorded. The total number of species and marked varieties of alpine and dwarf-growing herbaceous plants, which have flowered in the rock garden during the past year, amounts to 1512, being 131 more than during 18S7. This result has been attained by the addition of new plants to the collection from various sources, more than from any favourable circumstances connected with the weather of the past year. Tiie largest number of species cam^i into flower during May and June. Number of species which flowered each month during 1888: — Januarv, 24; February, 2'.t ; Jlarch, 24; April, 137; May, 367; June, 430 ; July. 27G; August, 140; September, 48; October, 10, November, 8; December, 0: total, 1546. ©ijituati?. John SOUTHGATE.— The death of John South- gate, Esq., of Selborne, Leigbam Court Koad, Streat- ham, which took place on the 13th inst., was the result of injuries received in a carriage accident a few days previous. Mr. Southgate was well known as a lover of Orchids, having got together a choice collection which, under the able management of his gardener, Mr. Salter, took a prominent position. Owing to failing health, a short time ago Mr. South- gate disposed of nearly the whole of his Orchids ; the collection being well known, many of the plants realised good prices. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary reconl of the weather for the week ending Jan. 21, is furniaheil from the Meteorological Office : — "The weatksr has been unsettled and rainy in Ireliiad and the greater part of Scotland, but in lOugland, although the sky was generally cloudy or overcast, the rainfall has been slight. Fog was occa- sioually experienced in various parts of England. " The fciuperatttre has been slightly below the mean in ' England, E.,' and about equal to it in ' England, S.," but iu all other parts of the kingdom it has been above the normal. In ' Ireland, S..' and ' Scotland, W.,' the excess has been V, and in ' Scot- land, E.,' 0-*. The highest of the maxima (which were recorded on the 18th) varied from ''0° to ."i5^ over England, and from 55" to ."'li° in Ireland. Over Scotland, where the thermometer was very high during the early part of the day, readings between 55° and o8° were registered. The lowest of the minima occurred on somewhat irregular dates, and ranged from 2S° in ' England, S.,' to 33° in ' Eng- land, N.W.,' and the 'Channel Wands,' and to 31'= in ' Scotland, W. " The rainfu'l has been more than the mean over Ireland and in ' Scotland, N.,' but less in all other districts. Bri>iht mn.^hine has been more prevalent than it was last week over Great Britain, but less so in Ireland. The percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from i in ' Ireland, N... to -1 in ' Scotland, E,' " 120 TFfE OABi)^NiJBS' CRBONICLF. [JANTJAUT 26, 1S89. [Accamulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the eicesa or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- degree — a " Day-degree " signifying 1^ continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperatuee. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Jan. 21. Accumulated. DiSTBIOTS. si ■2^ IS S a" a at III II •3 S" 0 CS if Principal Wheat pro- ducing Districts. Day- deg. Day- aeg. Day- deg. Day- deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... o above 11 25 + 3 - 26 1. Scotland. E. ... 5 above 13 SO — 5 — 23 2. England, N.E. ... 2 above ■^ 28 — 13 — 8 3. England, E. 1 below 0 36 — 20 + 32 4. Midland Cos. ... 1 above 6 33 — 22 + 31 5. England, S. 0 (aver.) 4 30 ~ + 18 Principal Grazing, &c., Districta. 6. Scotland, W. ... ■1 above ao 0 — 3 — 35 7. England, N.W.... 2 above s 21) - 18 - 15 8. England. S.W.... 1 above 25 12 — n + 11 9. Ireland. N. 3 above 26 8 — 8 — 0 10. Ireland. S. 4 above 36 S + 1 — 1 — Channel IsLAMDa 1 above 20 3 + 10 — 18 VeGETABLRS. — J^VERAMK RETAIL PRICKS. s. d. s. d. ' Asparagus, Eiigli^Ii, per luO i> 0- ... — French, bundlelS 0- ... Beans, .Jersey and French, per lb. ... 1 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrota, per bunch... 0 6- ... - -- ',0 3- , 1 6- , 1 0- , o C- , 1 0- , 0 6- Baxhfall. Bbight SUMSHDfE. DISTMOTB. More or less than the Mean for the Week. L S aJOl 1* s ■ScR III hi m Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch. Ina. 0. Scotland, N. ... 3 more 11 2.3 10 10 1. Scotland, E. ... 4 less 10 0.9 21 17 2. England, N.E. ... 4 less 10 0.9 14 il 3. England, E. ... 3 less 8 0.7 18 11 4. Midland Cos. ... 4 less 3 0.7 14 13 6 England, S. 5 less 8 0.6 14 15 Principal GrazinK, &c. , Districts. 6. Scotland, W. ... 0 less 11 2.6 17 10 7. England, N.W.... 5 less 7 0.6 15 14 8. England, S.W.... 8 less 8 1.1 27 24 9. Ireland, N. 3 more 13 2.4 4 11 10. Ireland, S. 2 le^s 11 3.1 10 10 — Channel Islands 4 less 10 1.3 23 3il Markets. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 10 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 5 0- 12 0 Cobs, 100 lb.: ...100 0-110 0 ■ 2 0 Mustard and Cre.'9, punoet 0 4- Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- Parsley, per bunch... 0 8- Peas. French, per lb. 1 U- Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- — kidney, percwt. 4 0- — new French, lb. 0 tj- 5 0 b 0 Rhubarb, bundle Seakale, punnet Shallots, per lb. , U 6- , 2 t- , 0 6- Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- Cauliflowers, each Celery, per bundle Cucumbers, each Endive, per dozen Green Mint, bunch Herbs, per bunch Leeks, per bunch ... 0 4 Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- Mushrooma, punnet 1 6- PoTATOS. — Beauty of Hebron, 80s. to 100s. ; Imperators, to 90s.; Dunbar Uegents. llos.; do. Magnums, 12US. ; York Magnums, 1005. per ton. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Tomatos, per lb. Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- 70s. and to Us. do.; pickling Ho., ^s. to -i.-.-. Of'. Hf). ; Carrots, 185. to 325. per ton ; Mangt-]?. 1C\-'. to 1^5 do. Sthatford: Jan. '22. — This market has been well supplied with all kinds of produce during the past weak. Good trade at undermentioned prices : — Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to 'is. per tally ; Savoys, 2s.to 3^. do.; Greens, Is. 6d. to 2s. per dozen bunches; Carrots, household, '_246-. to 3h. per ton ; do , cattle feeding, 20s. to 23s. do.; Mangels, 15s. to 20s. do.; Swedes, IGs. to 185. do. ; Apples, English, 3*. to 7^;. per bushel ; do, American, 6s. to 14s. per barrel; Watercress, 6r/. per dozen ; Celery, Gd. to l3, per roll ; Carrots, 25. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 25. Gd. to 3s. do. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, doten ...24 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica hyemalis, doz. 12 ■ caffra, dozen — gracilis, dozen... Kuonymus, in var., per dozen Evergreens, in var., per dozen Epiphylluras, doz.... COVENT GARDEN. January 24. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of tlie principal ealesmen, who revise the list, and who are respon^^ible for the quotations. It must be remembered that the^e quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon tliy quality of the samples, the supply in the miirket, and they tiuctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in oue day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still leas can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Trade is very quiet, prices remaining unaltered. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruct.— Average Wholesale Pnioiis s. d. s. d. d. s. d. Grapes, per lb. ... 0 6-20 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20 — 3t. Michael, each 2 0-80 d. s.d. 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 ; 0-24 0 i 0-30 0 s.d. s.d. . 4 0-18 0 Ferns, in var., doz. Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Ficue elastica, each .16-70 Hyacinths, dozen ... 9 0-12 0 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 U Lily-of-Val..doz. pts.lS 0-30 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-13 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per do?.en ... 6 0-90 Poinsettias. dozen ... 9 O-lo 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanums, dozen ... 9 0-15 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0- 9 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices, s.d. s.d. , s. Mif^nonette, 12 bun. 2 Narcis,, paper-white, (French), 12 bim... 2 — double. 12 bun... 1 Pelargoniums, 12 apr. 1 Abutillona, 12 bun.,.. 3 ArumLilie3.12blooms 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, 12 blms. 3 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Christmas Roses, 12 blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bundles... 4 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias. 12 blooms 1-t Heliotropes, 12 spr, 0 Hyacinths, Roman. 12 sprays 1 Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr., bun. 3 Lily-of-Vul., 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-6 0 0-80; 9-101 9-16' 0-6 0 0-3 0 6- 1 6 I 6-3 0, 0-12 0 0-6 0 0-30 0 6-10 I - 1 6 6-3 0 0- 7 0| 9-16, 0-6 0 — scarlet, 12 spr. Poinsettias, doz. ,„ 4 Primulas, dbl., 12 sp. 1 Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red, per dozen ... 1 — Safrano, dozen... 2 Sofrano (Fr.), doz. ... 1 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 12 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 2 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 1 Violets. 12 bunches... 1 — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme. Fr., bun. o Wallflower';. 12 bun. 6 — French ... ... 1 d. s. d. 0-4 0 U- 6 0 (i- 3 0 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-9 0 0-16 0- \\ 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 0-15 0 0- 4 0 0- 1 6 0- 1 6 6 - 3 0 0-7 0 0- 2 0 0- 3 0 SEEDS. London: Joai, 23. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane. E.G., write that a quiet but firm tone characterises the trade for field seeds. As regards red Clover seed, ofierings from France have of late fallen off very much, whilst American cables firm quotations. Rather more inquiry has this week come to hand from the country. Meantime values all round keep steady. Winter Tares are in improved request. Spring Tares are thus far too dear. English Canary seed is now remarkably cheap. In Hemp seed the tendency is downwards. Peas and Haricots move off slowly on former terms. Rape seed is wanted. Mustard unaltered. GOKN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending January 10 :— Wheat, 305. 2^^. ; Barley, 275. ; Oats, 16s. 4i^. For the corresponding week in 1888 : — Wheat, 305. \\d. ; Barley, 30s. 2d. ; Oats, 10s. Id. FRTTIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: t/(^7^. 23— Very good supplies of all kinds of farm and market garden produce. Trade still very slow, the following being the quotations :— Knglish Apples, 2fi. Gd. to 5e. per bushel ; do.. Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per half-bushel; American do., G*. to 105. per barrel ; Brussels Sprouts, l5. to Is. Gd. per half- sieve ; Greens, 35. to 4fi. per tally; CauliHowers, Is. per dozen ; Broccoli, iOd. do. ; Seakale, l5. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Cabbages, Is. Gd. to 2s. G(/. per tally; Savoys, Is, Gd. to 2s. 6c?. do.; Spinach, Is. to Is. 3d. per bushel ; Parsnips, %d. per score ; Beet- roots, 8^, per dozen; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 25. per dozen bunches ; Parsley 25. to 2s. Ut^. do. ; Carrots, l5. Gd. to 1«. i)d. do. ; forced Rhubarb, Is. to Is. G(^. per dozen bundles ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. 4rf. per bundle; Celery, Os. to Us. per dozen dozen ; Endive, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; English Onions, 45. to 4s. Gd. per cwt. ; Dutch do., 2s. 9rf. to 35. 3d, per bag ; Belgian do., 25. 'dd. POTATOS. BoaouGH AND Spitalfields : Jan, 22. — Rather larger supplies, and prices occasionally in buyers favour, though hardly perceptible in quotations. — Regents, Scotch, 80s. to 1205.; English, 65s. to 955.; Hebrons, 70s. to llos. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 120s. per ton. Spitalfields : Jan. 23. — Quotations : — Hebrons, 705. to lOOs. ; Regents, 70s. to llOs. ; Magnums. 60s. to 100s. ; Imperators, 70s. to 95s. ; Champions, bos. to 70s. per ton. Stratford : Jan. 22. — Quotations : — Scotch Re- gents 80s. to lOOs. ; do.. Magnums, 705. to llOs. ; do., English, light soil, 60s. to SOs. ; do., dark soil, 60s, to 755. ; Elephants, 65s. to 85s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week consisted of 225 boxes from Malta, 6 from St. Michaels, 166 boxes and 44 cases from Auckland. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtainpd at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime old, 1205. to 145s. ; do., good second, 80s. to 110s. ; do., inferior, 405. to 705. ; Hay, prime meadow, 120s. to 1305. ; do., new, 805. to 1025, Gd. ; inferior, 50s. to 705. ; straw, old, 425. to 48s., new, 505. to 445 per load. Notices to Correspondents. Ants: J. H. C. Certainly, ants. Scatter a little powdered carbolic acid in their runs, if you can do so without injury to the plants. Aralias : C 3/. A. elegantissima and A. Veitchi do best, and are more readily increased by grafting on A. reticulata. Books: H. Oldfcld. Thomson's Gardener's Assistant would be the best book for you. Corrections. — In " Names of Plants," last week, p. 89, for " Hexacentris missouriensis," read " my- sorensis ; " and for " Retinospora squarrosa," read " Cryptomeria elegans." Income Tax : B. F. R. You may appeal to the Assessor of Queen's Taxes, and if your books show a smaller income than that at which you are now assessed, you may obtain an abatement — next year. MiRADELLE FOR Hed(ies : F. W. Vou Can get plants from the nurseries. Cut down to within about 1 foot of the ground the second year after plant- ing, and induce low growth by subsequent pruning, &c. Names or pRtrrr : /. H. J. 32, Brabant Bellefieur , 33, Mere de Menage ; 30. Colonel Vaughan ; 61; unknown ; 9, decayed. — Hajudinios. 1 (large pale Apple), Large Yellow Bough ; 2 (orange flushed), Blenheim Orange. — J. H. J. {second lot). 37, Rosemary Russet ; 49, Downton Pippin ; 48, Braddick's Nonpareil; 23, Alfriston ; 15, Golden Winter IVarmain. Names of Plant.s : B. S. 0. 1. Nandina domestica; 2, Centropogon Lucianus; 3, Amaryllis reticulata; 4, Lxlia anceps ; 6, Ctulogyne cristata ; 6, Ly- caste Skinneri. — C. B. 1, Salvia Heerii ; 2, S. rutilans (the Pineapple scented Salvia) ; 3, Pelar- gonium unknown; 4, a double Chinese Primrose: we cannot name the variety; 5, Abutilon vfxil- larium. — W. H. I). 1, Helleborus niger Scoticus ; 2, a valueless seedling; 3, Helleborus orientalis var. abchasicus. — A. B. I, Crataegus pyracantha; 2, Cotoneaster microphylla ; 3, Picea (or Abies) excelsa, Spruce ; 4, Thuia (or Biota) orientalis var. ; 5, Thuia (or Retinospora) pisifera ; 6, Retin- .lANUAny 26, 1SS9.] THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE. 121 ospora pisifera.— J/. J. C. 1. Bartsia trixago ; 2, Molucella spinosa ; 3, Statice Thouini ; 4, Styrax officinalis ; S, Anthvllis tetraphylla.— CoirfoKB. Eriostemon salicifolius, Dendrobium nobile. - J. T. .1/. Limatodes rosea.— A'. .(■ B. Calanthe vestita var. igueo-oculata. — A. Brad. lUctuau- tluis iintalensis.— ir. C. if- S. AdianUim elegans. probably. —J. M. L. All good varieties of O. Itossi which have not received names. Scarcely two of any importation are quite alike. Orchid : E. If. If. E, A fusion of two flowers side by Bide — Siamese twins. rARAOiMi ANT) DouciN SrocKs: H. /. W. The English Paradise, or the stock under this name iu the English nurseries, is probably derived from a seedling Apple of a surface-rooting nature. It diSers somewhat from the surface-rooting Apple called " Doucin " on the Continent. There are several varieties of so-called Paradise stocks, but the " Doucin " is most commonly used on the Continent and also in England. T. F. Ju liAsPBERRiES Newly Planted : An Old Siiliscriber. Cut them over at 2 or 3 inches high. Scientific Committee: -V. We do not believe the procedure was meant as an insult, though in the abstract it certainly is so. Other Societies pay freely for corresponding services rendered, but at the Royal Horticultural Society you must render the service and pay too. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Garden Seeds. K. H. PoYNTEK, Castle Green. Taunton— Seed List. li. Neal. The Nurseries, Wandsworth Common, London, S.W. — General Seed List, &c. W. P. Laihd & Sinclair, 73, Nethergate, Dundee- Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. Smith & Son, 10, Market Street, Aberdeen- Seeds, Plants, &c. Smith & Simons, Howard Street, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, N.B. — Seeds, Plants, and Implements. DicKSONS & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, N.B. — Garden Seeds. William Rossitek, Paignton— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Penny 1'acket Seed Company (Biddles & Co.), Loughborougb — Seed List. H. Deverill, Cornhill, Banbury — Seeds, Potatos, &c. [Seeds. Thomas Sibbald, Market Place, Bishop Auckland — Frederick Gee, Kiverford House, Biggleswade, Beds. — Seeds. Barr & Son, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Gar- den, London, W.C— Flower Seeds; also Hardy Perennials, &c. Van Velsen Brothers, 5, Wagenweg, Haarlem, Holland — Dutch and Cape Bulbs. Thomas Davies & Co., Wavertree Nursery, Liver- pool— Seeds. [ — Seeds. Thomas Lmeie & Sons, 137, High Street, Ayr, N.B. KiCHARD Cleaves, 47, Bore Street, Lichfield — Seeds. Brows & Wilson, 10, Market Place, Manchester — Garden Seeds. John Perkins & Son, 52, Market Square, North- ampton— Seeds. Harrison & Sons, Leicester — Seeds. Samoel Fox Armitage, Nottingham — Seeds. John Peed & Sons, Roupell Park Nurseries, Tulse Hill, London, S.W.— Seeds, &c. [Seeds. Wm. Kerr, Dumfries, N.B. — Seed Potatos and Farm Jarman & Co., Chard, Somerset — Seeds. Arthur Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. — Seeds and Requisites. M. Ccthbertson, Rothesay, N.B. — Seeds and Herba- ceous Plants, &c. W1LLIA.M Reid, 8, Hadden Street, Aberdeen, N.B. — Garden Seeds, Gladioli, &c. [Bulbs. Jno. Jefferie-s & Son, Cirencester — Seeds and Strachan & Thomson, 145, Union Street, Aberdeen — Seeds and Florists' Flowers. Geo. Cooling & Sons, Bath — Seeds and Sundries. William Rdmsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham Cross, N.— Seeds, Potatos, &c. ' [1889. Kelway & Sons, Langport, Somerset — Manual for Cijmmusications Bkceived.— W. p.— W. w.— G. N— H. M. W.-K. P. T. & Co.— N. E. Br.— F. H. W.-G. M.— F. S. & Co.— J. L. (oext week).— J. H.— M. L.— C. B.— J. H. J.— W. H. D.— F. K.— J. H.— W. C— A. W.— E. J.— W. M. B.— E. M.— W. Scott (no flowers have reached us).— J. E. Fearn.- W. B.— J. S.— E. D.- A Gardener.— W. W.— M. W.— A. D — W H,— F. A.— N. E. B.— W. B J. D.— P G.— W. E.— J. W. The Best Main Crop Wrinkled Pea. OA K S H O T T AND MILLARD'S ■■ EMPEUuu WILLIAM." yyom Mr. W. Pope. JJt'ati Gnvdeiter to Vie RiRht. Hon. the Earl uf Caknarvon, lltghdcre Castle, 1888.—" EmjuTor William i9 a (irat-rate Peu", crupjiinK very heavily, pods of goud size, handsome, and wcU-lillfd with large sweet Peas." Price ;ts. 6rf. per inuirt. of most leading Seedsmen, or direct from OAKSHOTT and MILLARD. Seedsmen to the Qnecn, Reading. To the Trade. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale CATA- • LOGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1»R9 has heen for\Mirdcd to their customers. If those who have not received it will kindly inform them another one shall be sent. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. W GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; • beat value and cheapest house in the Tnidc. The beat cut of ORCHrO I'EAT in commerce; selectetl turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5oi., carriage forwartl. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Moiliil, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILILIM AURATUM. Imported Eulba, Ad., 6d.. ^d., l.v.. each; 20s., 30s., 50.t., 60s. per lUO. Home-grown bulln. \}d.. Is.. Is. 6d., 2s. each. Special Trade quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES. Silver Banksian Medal. TREE P-EONIES, 7 First-class Certificates. „ IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. 1AA ALPINE and HERBACEOUS J-VV/ PLANTS. 25s. Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting information). Post*free. 9d. STANSFIELD BROS., Southport. TREES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed IMerchants, Worcester. UONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £1 to £10 per 100. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm. Brighton. RIMUL A OBCON ICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet. 6'/. and li*. Large Trade packets, 2s. 6rf.,os., 10s. 6rf., and 21s. each. Primrose, Old Double Crim- son Pompadour: see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct., 1888, and also Hartland's *' Year Book " of Seeds for 1889. Magniti- cent plants, 15s. per dozen. Is. Gel. each. Helianthus plenus, new double quilled or Hartland's " Soleil d'Or," a new plant to English gardens, the flowers very double, more orange in tone than yellow, and quilleil after the manner of a Cactus-Dahlia. As a perpetual blooming plant has few equals, plants in size resembling Clumps of Lily of the Valley, 2s, 6d. each, post-free. See Hartland's " Year Book " of Rare Seedsfor 1889. Post-free. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman. Cork. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED POTATOS has been sent out. It comprises all the finest varieties in cultivation, including several noveltifs. The quality is very fine, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wisbech. o M AIDENHAIR F E R N. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3. 4, 6, and 6 feet. ,, Variegated, 3. 4. 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3, 4, 6, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking. Surrey. inn 000 HARDY HEATHS.— The present AV/ V/«) V/ V/V/ is a most suitable time for planting these beautiful plants, which can he supplied as follows : — An assortment of 10 varieties, 165. per 100. „ ,. 20 ,, 18s. ,, 30 ,. 205. 40 ,, 22s. If less than fifty plants are ordered, price 3s. per dozen. Special quotation per 1000. and Descriptive CATALOGUE may be had free on application to JAMES SMITH AND SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. C ANKEY'S " MARKET POT," or LONG O TOMS, the best "Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3-in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3^in. pot. thus saving half an inch inroom for each pot. Five sizes, ."J in., 3^ in., 4 in., 4j in., and 4| in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch tolj inches deeperthan usual, very strong and much lighter in weight— the very pot for Market Growers ; great economy in room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON. BulwellPotteries, Nottingham. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOB, WOBK, CONS£B.VATOKI£S, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Painta for Inside of Conservatories, 8to. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. RCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER. Eiotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. DAHLIAS. — Pot Roots, all the best varieties — show, Fancy, and Pompons— from 4s. 6rf. per dozen ; Cactus and Decorative, ii«. per dozen ; very beautiful new Decorative Dahlia of 18HH, Sidney HoUiugs, 'Jn. Gd. each. Trade Supplied.— HUMPHRtES, Nurseryman, Chippenham. EGONIA SEED and TUBERS.— BOX'S varieties are the best, as testified by all purchasers. Both quality and quantity. SEED from latest novelties of Singles, mixed colours, email packets, 6rf. ; larger packets, 1.*. and 2s. erf. Collections, 4 separate colours. Is. tirf. ; 8 ditto, 2s. Gd. Of Doubles, small packets, UkL ; larger packets. Is. 6rf.. 2s. 6rf., ami bx. Collections, 4 separate colours, \s. Qd. ; 8 ditto, including white and yellow. 'Ja. 6rf. ; double orange, very extra. 2.s-. l^d. and 5s. per packet. TUBERS, unnamed Singles, to colour superior to named sorts, 12 or more distinct colours, for pots, per dozen, 9i'., 12s., ISs., and 24s. per do^eu ; for bed- ding, 40s. and 505. per 100; mixed colours, 28s. per 100. Un- named Doubles, very superior, 6 or more colours, per dozen, 'J-is., ',i6s., 48s. ; mixed colours, l^ts. ; choice, to uame, from 24s. All post-free. Full LIST on application. JOHN R. BOX (for 10 years J. Laing'a sole Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. C^ffiLOGYNE CRISTATA, with bloom-spikes Vy well grown, at reduced prices. Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON, Timperley, Cheshire. TF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES X TRUE TO NAME. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO. TF YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that -i- your Local Firms cannot Supply, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. OR FRUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Thousand, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. END INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No Starvelings, No Blieht— at GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO'S. [LLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT L TREES, 800 Kinds, Sii Stamps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock, Gratis. ROSE LIST, CONIFER and SHRUB LISTS, Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. s G EORGE BUNYARD and CO., POMOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERYMEN, "JV/TAIDSTONE, KENT. U BELLB 8AWA0E TABD, UTDQATB HHJ.. B.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Zhscouni for Cask. Qf\ AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the OV/^V/W/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-inch pots, 2s. m. each ; IJeauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, eicellentfor bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s. 6rf. each. Descriptive LIST on appUcation.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. Telegrams "Tucker" Nurseries, Farlngdon. COVERT for GAME.— LAURELS, 3 to 4 ft., 16s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 20s. per 100. Evergreen PRIVET. 3 to 4 feet. 45. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 6s. per 100. The whole of the above are good bushy plants, well rooted, and would mak« good covert at once. LARCH, 3 to 4 ft., 30s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 ft.. 40s. per 1000. Extra strong transplanted, and put on rail for Cash. CATALOGUES of General Nursery Stock free by po--t. R. TUCKER, Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks I ■'OR SALE, Cheap, Specimen CROTONS, ANTHURIUMS. CLERODENDRONS, FERNS, &c. The plants are extremely healthy. Apply to the GARDENER, Woodbank. Dumfries. ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA- MELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. Palms. Foliage Plants, Heaths, &c. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN will be pleased to forward LIST of above with low prices. Leading decorative PALMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond. Surrey: and 191 and 192. Flower Market, Coveot Garden, W.C. ASPARAGUS ROOTS in Scilly Isles.— 12,000 strong, for forcing, 50s. per 1000.— Samples to be seen or obtained at BARR AND SON, 12, KingSt.,CoventGarden, W.C. HRY'SANTHEMUMS.— 600 best sorts, true to uame, strong Cuttinga now ready, Is.Qd. perdoz.,10«. per 100. Many of the best Prizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. For price of new sorts, see Catalogue (2 etamps). of WM. ETHERINGTON. Chrysanthemum Grower, Swans- combe, Kent. BEGONIAS.— Special Offer of Surplus Stock, about 500 Tubers, Large and Small. Single and Double, mostly Laing'8 Strain, mixed colours. All very choice. Price .3s. 6d. per dozen, or 20lS. per 100. GARD'^JTER, Oakwood Lodge, Epaom, Surrey. 122 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Januabt 26, 1889. SPECIMEN CONIEERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMTPH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARK'S 1889 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO aud TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, witha Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers, CATALOGUE free on application to BARR AND SON, King Street, Coveut Garden, W.C. AMELLIAS.— To be Sold cheap:— 1, ■' Noblesse " (White), filled with buds, about 9 feet high, iutub; 2, "Alba Plena," in pots, about 5 feet ; and 3. Ked. in pots, about 6 feet high — too large for house. Offers invited. GARDENER, Oakwood Lodge, Epsom, Surrey. NATIVE GUANO: Best aud Cheapest Manure for Garden use. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 45. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carri- age paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of lie ports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES. FRUIT. &c. — C. FiDLEB. Reading, used it for Potatos. and says:—" I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the five years during which I have freely used it I have gained over 560 prizes." NATH^ GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey. Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says: — "With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATH^E GUANO CO., Limited, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted, OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Agricultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, tree on rail, L. li. S. C. or S. E., £1 .5s., other lines, £1 ; 20 bags. 15.s\ ; 40. £1 8a'. Bags included. Cash with order.— J. STEVENS and CO., Fibre Merchants, \hS. High Street, Battersea, S.W. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborouah, Hanta. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. Zd. ; 28 lb.. 6s. 9rf. ; 14lb..4s.; 71b..2s.3rf. In tins. Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham. STANDEN'S MANURE Establislied Over 20 Years. Exceeds all others in general fertilising froperties and staying powers. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture. The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its money value, in comparison with other manui'es, at least double ; and users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable and lasting results. Sold in Tins, 1 -, 2,6d, 5/6, and 10,6 each ; and in Kegs (free) at Reduced Prices, 28 lbs., 12 6; 56 lbs., 23/-; 112 lbs., 42 - each. SOLE MANUFACTURERS: CORRY,SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LiMITKli). 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. SOLD BV ALL SEEDSMEN AND NURSERYMEN. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &r. EPP5 & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of firttt-clasa quality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples, Price List and Testimonials. Dep6t for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAM. SAND. LEAF-MOULD. SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIHRE KKFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Ringwood, Hants. NE^V TEA ROSE SOUVENIR DE S. A. PRINCE. A pure white sport from Souvenir (fun Ami. This is undoubtedly the finest white Tea Rose that has been offered to the jjublic of late years. It has all the good qualities of Souvenir d'un Ami, in addition to which, it is of more robust habit, the foliage being of a dark glossy green. As an Exhibition variety, Souvenir de S. A Prince will supersede Niphetos, it always being of good shape, and not having the latter's bad tendency of opening quartered and green centered. Grafted Plants ready in June, Price IDs. 6d. each. GEORGE PRINCE, Rose Grower, OXFORD. New Edition, Corrected up to Date. PAXTON'S CALENDAR, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HUNDRED AfTD FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late SiB JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free Zld. ; Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered. Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Tlhistrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9(i. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY, \\ith numerous Illustra- tions. 8vo, cloth, price .'is. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instrnotion and the Use of Schools. Price Is., sewed. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms, Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25s. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Max\\-f.ll T. Master,'?, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 8». 6d. London: BRADBURT, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C. I Jaitoabt 26, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 123 i^LJt> T /^OCM'Z THE LARGEST AND OLDEST V>»nr\. L^\Js\driLi^ GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. All Fhtver and Vegetable Seeils are supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 dai/s after receipt q/ Ordtr. N 0 IV HEAD y, fiS^SiJii^i^^^^ -»p/ore you Order the EngUsb Edition of . ^^WSSS^Kx^W^ ^°"^ IjORENZ'S lMKBKZ^^^^. seeds for the spring, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact CuUunil Directions, GRATIS and POST-FREE, on applicafwji. Postage for Letters to Germany, 2^rf. Tost Cards, Irf. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Ovraers of Gardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and you will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other tirm. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman bv Special Warrant to H..M. the Empress of Germany, H.M. the King of Saxony. H.M. the King of Bavana, H.M. the King of the Netherlands. H.M. the King of Roumania, H.M. the King of Serbia, H.R.H. the Grand Duke of He.sse. H.H. the Dulie ct Anlialt. 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. GARDEN REQUISITES. __ T\iro Prize Medals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (All sacka included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 6s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. Qd. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid Ss. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for lOs. LOAM. PREPARED COMPOST } Is. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ( (sacks included). SIL\^R SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., Us. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FEBRE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., gs. per sack. CHUBB'S •' PERFECT "FER-") In Bags. TLLIZER (the Best Food for ( -— * ^ all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins, 71b. I41b. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruita, Vegetables, &c. ...J 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VntGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL. &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle. £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 65. each. Also prepared for Poultrv Pens, Rabbits, &c.. in Sacks, l5.6(/. each. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. 4ti. each; lOsacks, 12s. 6rf.; losacks, I7s.6rf.; 20sacks, 20s. ; 2.i sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 405. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G.. special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6rf. each. SPECIAL flIANURES. for Farmers, Agriculturists, Market Gardeners, and others fconcentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBES "PRODUCTIVE" MANURE, in bags. £3 per ton (bags included) ; sample 1 c^-t. bag, 4s.. producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five tinicn the actual cost. Try it against anv other manure, no matter what price. CHUBBS " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE " MANItre, in bags. £2 per ton (bags included); sample 1 cwt. bag, 35., made principally (by special process) from LondQn Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash with order. Bankers, Union Bank of Loiidon. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWALL. LONDON. E. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Is superseding the use of other Insecticides. Used by nearly all the Leading (jardeners. 1 Gallon, 9s.; J Gallon, .5s.; 1 Quart, 3s.*6rf. ; 1 Pint, 2s. Testimonials and full particulars upon application. J. BENTLEY. Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Humber, HulL JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertiliser;. Frcmote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1886. J. JENSEN AXD CO., (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London . BEESON'S MANURE. — The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. 6rf.. 5s. 6rf., and 10s. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, best quality. Is. 3d. per sack ; 10 sacks. 10s.; 20 for 18s.; 30 for 2.5s.; sacks included; truck, containing more than two ton, 28s., free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, S-s. per sack; 5 for 22s. Gd. ; 10 for 3-5s. Best Black Peat, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6rf. per bushel; l4s. half ton ; 25s. per tou. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6d. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6d. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpaiuted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3 per sack. Sacks and Bags, 4d. each. Specialite Tobacco Paper, lOd. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Finest Tobacco Cloth, lOrf. per lb. ; 23 lb., 21s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality. 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork. 28 lb.. .5s. 6rf.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange, Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge). SILVER SAND ! ! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine}— best in the market. 20,000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32. Polygon, London, N.W. Established nearly 30 years. Telegrams- " AUoquy, London.'" Trade supplied. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 4d. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 2.5.?, ; sacks. 4d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, 4rf. each. COABSE silver SAND, Is. 9rf. per bushel; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bu9hel bags, 4rf. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. Qd. per sack. MANtTRES. GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G SKEYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C. SANKEY'S "IVIARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best " Garden Pot " for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3^ in. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in.. 4 in., 4| in., and4f in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to IJ in. deeper than usual, very strong and much lighter in weight — the very pot for Market Growers ; great economy inroom and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries,Nottingham. Farms, Estates, Rssldences, Any one desirous of Renting a Farm or Residence, Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and six halfpenny stamps for postage, a;-i Ion;;, h. 'M . <;i( 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet loii^;, 4s. <6d. each, Illuitrated revised Price List on application, free. Greatly Reduced in Price. BOULTON & PAUL, SILVESTER'S PATENT TRENTHAWI BOILER Is the BEST. CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOMICAL liOILEK EXTANT tor all heating purposes, and is only supplied by the PATENTEF,. All other kimls of BOILERS, ril'ES. VAIVES, HEATING and VENTILATING APPA- RATUS manufactured by F. SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. Full Particulars on application. BUILDERS. No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This Frame is strong and very handy to use. Plants grow very strong and quickly iu this form, owing to is ample Tight and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high, the ridge is 2 feet y inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed with 2I-0Z. English glass, and painted four times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 8 12 16 20 i>4 by 6 by 6 by 6 by 6 by 6 Cash Prices, Carriage and Packing FREE. - £2 17 6 4 7 6 5 17 6 7 7 6 8 17 6 10 7 6 CARRI.\GE is paid to nny station in England and Wales, to Dublin. Cork, Derry. Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. STOCK 1 1 SIZES Inches. Wi,w] Inches. 14X13 ■f 30X16 ' 30X16 16X13 iia pr.il 18x13 i [^*J ^ 22X16 ' 34X16 20X13 16X14 rrt M^ 30x18 18x14 1 ■^ 32x18 30x14 J 34X18 21-OZ Foreign of the above sizes, in 100 and 200 feet boxes, 3rd8 and 4ths qualities, always kept in stock. A large stock of similar current sizes of 16-OZ, illlass in 200 feet boxes. English Glass, cut to buyer's sizes, at low^t prices, including free delivery in the country in quantities. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, 34, St. John Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.C. Atock List and Prices on application. Price L,ist of Colours, i'amiskcs. Designs of Stained S( Leaded Glass. Quote Chronicle. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. IIALLIDAY AND CO. desire to draw s^^ieciHl fittt'uliou to IliiMr Cucumber Framp?, of wlii< h tliey always l!av<' a large stoc-k, ready glazed and painteil. They are made of the best materials, and can be put togetlur and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. « ^ ^f 2 0 0 Cases 1- 4 15 (j 8 10 0 R. they They and t Pri 1-light frame, 1 ft. by 6 ft. ( _ . , ] L>-liKht frame, S ft. by 6 ft. ] ^b^b^ I :i-liKht frame, IL' ft. by 6 ft. "J J'J^^^i [ 4 6-liKht frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( ) « L'ri/rr .w-p.'; nt prnjxirr'imt'tr pyirfx. R. HALLIDAY & CO., ll„llioii^.> Hiiil.liTsiiiid Eiigiui'iT^, Hujal Horticulturai Works, Mlddleton, MancbeBter. London Agent— Mr. II. Skklton. Seedsman. &c.. 2, HoUoway Koad. N. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. H.s(. .■li'Mpi\.i. li;,'Ut.?st. Strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS OABDEN POTS. Be^-t colour, phaiif. and finish ; eaonuous stocka. SANKEY'S FAMOUS OABDEN POTS. No waiting ; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders : half carriage on £.S. RICHAED 8ANKEY AM> SON, Bulwell Potteriw. Nottiogham. JAN0ARV 2(3, 1880.] THE GABDENER8' CBBONIGLE. 125 HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, & c. SENV FOR PRICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. GROMPTON & FAWKES, IKIRTICULTWKAI, BUILDERS, CHELMSFORD. NEW BOOK of Photo-Litho- graphed Sketches of Winter Gar- dens, Ranges of Hothou3e3, Viner- JHs, Architectural Conservatoried, &c., o£ various Designs and Sizes, recently constructed, erected, fitted, and heated complete by iis in differ- ent parts of the country ; with par- ticulars of tUe most successful Hot- water Heating Apparatus of the century. Po'^t-free on application. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATEK ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stovea, Greenhousea, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and thut the vert best. Ccnservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from ttie smallest to the lurg>-st. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, aud success guaranteed in all caaed. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plii/is, Kitimates and Catalogues fc>:e. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maaim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST- CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. THE GARDENERS' GHRONIGLE FORM OF SUBSGRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON. W.C. 1889. Please semi me " The Gabdenkrs' Citroniclk " for Months, _,for which 1 enclose P.0.0._ co-mmenring ^ Please Note that aU Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. ^ THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months. ISs. ; S Months. 7s. (ji. ; 3 Months. 3s. M. ; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (eiccjjting India anil China) :— Including Postage. 17s. id. for Iti Months. India and China, 19s. 6i( Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DBURY I,ANE, iiOndon, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMONI)." Jan. 26, isss. The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, STO^'ES, uud HEATING AlTAIt.VTfS. H^NDREFORQAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL. Tiif UNITED ANl'llRAOITE COLLIERIES (Liniiteil), supply (htMr Nut or Cuhlile Coal (Mie Nuts lieiiijj nhout tlie Bi/e of a Walnut, and the ('obliles about, tlie si/,f of a man's tist) delivered in trucI*loads to any Railway Station. TIlis coal is iibaoliitdi/ smotiifU^s, and it rfipiires mucli less attention tliuii any otlier description of Kncl, burning for \'l hours, itt Iciixi, without any supervision, and giviii'^ from ^ to 111 ib'grees more heat than Colte. tjuotations cun be had on application to tlie Cotupauy's Ollices, 70. Oracecliurcli Street. Loinimi. E.C. GARDEN POTS. OARDEN POTS. ■riomiouH ^(tOL'k'i. GARDEN POTS. tiliu one liuur of letter or SANKEY'S FAMOUS Best, clieup.-st. lii;hte?.l. stroll SANKEY'S FAMOUS Best colour, stinpe. and tiiii^h SANKEY'S FAMOUS Nowaitiiif^: orders executed telegram. Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; lialf carriage on JE5. RICHARD SANKEy AND SON. Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. WOOD TRAYS.— WOOD TRAYS.— For Sowing Seeds, Growing Bedding Plants, Striking Cut- tings, &c. Cheaper and better than pots or pann. 1x9x2, 25. per dozen, 10s. per 101. Sample, with List, htx stamps, free. CASBON'S Box Works. Peierborougli. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S G R AT E F U L-C OMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. CAMOMILE PILLS. Are confidently recouimended as a simple hut n'ttatn remedy for ^^^UNDIGESTION:;:^ See Testimonial, eelcctca from liundi-eds:— CROYDON, iSSs. " Having been a sufferer from Indi- gestion for many years, 1 am liappv to say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by using Norton's Pills, and confidently recom- vtend them to allsufferin^from the same. " J. WILKINSON." For other Testimonials^ see Monthly Magazines. Sold everywhere, price i?. i\d., 2s. gd. and lis. Demy 8vo. 129. A MONOGRAPH of the liRITISH UREDINE^ AND USTILAGINE;E. With an account of their Biology, including the methods of observing tbe Germination of their Spores, and of their Experi- mental culture. By Charles B. Plowright, F.L.S., M.R.C.S. Illustrated with Woodcuts and 8 Plates. London: KEGAN PAUL. TRENCH ASP CO. OUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make theirown way in the world, ahouhl write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRE.S3 CUTTING ASSOCIATION. 272, Regent Street, London, W Situations found for all Pupils at good salaries. "Destined to become the fruit garden of the Universe,"— j'l/ornmi? Post. THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES, Illustrated; 3s. 6(/., all Booksellers. CHAFFEY BROS. (Ltd.), 35, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Pamphlet free. Now Ready, the Seventh Edition, revised and enlarged, price 3.?. 6rf., post-free. CULTURAL DIRECTIONS for the ROSE, by John Cranston, King's Acre Nurseries, near Here- ford, containing every information relative to Rose Culture; a choice f^election of all the fintst Roses, fully described ; a select List of sorts adapted to various circumstances, situations, soils, and climates; a complete Catalogue of varieties of Roses intro- duced up to the present time ; ana a Calendar of Operations to be performed during each month throughout the year. 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jancaey 26, 1889. THE gardeners: CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines , . £0 3 0 16 Lines . . £0 8 6 e „ . . 0 3 6 16 . 0 9 0 6 , . . 0 4 0 17 . 0 0 6 7 , . . 0 4 6 IS . 0 10 0 8 . . 0 5 0 19 . 0 10 e 9 „ . . 0 5 6 20 . 0 11 0 10 ;; . . 0 6 0 21 . 0 11 6 11 ,. . . 0 6 6 22 . 0 12 0 12 „ . . 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 6 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 . 0 13 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columaa, the lowest charge will be 20s. K set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 303. Page, £8; Half Page, £1 10s.; Column. £Z. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 wordg, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. TH.E3E ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements o£ Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are caidioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months, ISs. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 33. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Mouths; India and China 193. 6d. Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRITEX LANE. W.C., to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Adveetisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.G. GENTS WANTED, for the Sale of Native Guano, the best and cheapest Manure for Garden Use. — Address, the NATIVE GUANO CO. (Limited), 29. New Bridge Street. Elackfriars, Loudon, E.C. ARTNER WANTED with £200, to join Advertiser in eatablislicd ^Market Garden and Florists' Business near Windsor. Must be a young, energetic man, un- married.—Addre*^, by letter, C, care of Crossley, Moir & Co., 57, Coiman Street, London. E.C. ANTED, HEAD GARDENER, for a Public Institution. Must be highly experienced in all branches, and a good Manager of Men. Liberal wages, resi- dence, and coals. — Apply, by letter, on or before January 30, enclosing testimoni.'ils (copies), to W. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Qlfice, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, experienced in the Cultivation of Conifers. Shrubs, Ro363, Herbaceous Plants, and Outdoor Fruits ; must be married, without family. Wages, 25s. per week, and a good free house and garden. Assistance is given in tlie Garden. — Apply to A. B., Box (34, Post Office, Whitehaven, giving references, and stating age, and particulars of present employ- ment. WANTED, a SINGLE-HANEDED WUKK- ING GARDENER. Must be thoroughly competent in all branches of productive Gardening, married, without family. — State age, wages required, and experience, first by letter only, to C. THOMPSON, E-?r to J. W. SILVER, Streatham and Norbury Nurseries, S.W. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a WOKKING FOREMAN for Small Nursery. Good Propngator, with knowledge of Outdoor Stuff.— Apply, by letter, to MILL AND TWEEDIE, Nurserymen. Truro. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, PLANT GROWER, and SALESMAN, for Glass chiefly. — Best references for ability, honesty, and sobriety required. —Apply to Messrs. LUNDY and SON, Nurserymen. Stafford. ANTED, MAN and VVIEE, to Live in Lodge, Wife to attend Lodge Gate, Man for the Plea- sure and Kitchen Garden, able to Mow with Scythe, take Charge of Horse, and Work Horse Mowing Macliine. Good characters required.— Apply, The Gardens, Hanger Hill House, Ealing, W. WANTED, a steady, industrious MAN for the Garden, Inside and Out. Good Workman.— Write, stating wages expected, with bothy, vegetables, firing, lights, &c., to H. J. PONTING, Wood Norton Hall, East Dereham, Norfolk. ANTED, AT ONCE, a JUNIOR SIIOP- MAH.— Apply by letter to COOPER, TABEK AND CO. (Limited), 90, Southivark Street, London, S.E. WANTED, a good HAND at Wreaths, Bouquets. Buttonholes, &c. — Apply, stating ^vages and full particulars, to THOS. HEWITT akd CO.. Solihull. ANTED, a young LADY, for a Florist's shop, suburban ; thoroughly efficient. — Apply per- aonally at 72, Loughborough Park, Brixton, S.W. GABDBNIWG APPOINTMENTS. Mr. J. SiiiTn, formerly Gardener to Mrs. Miles Rodget, Sandford, near Warehara, Dorset, is now Gardener to J. K. CVningham, Esq., at Secktor Hall, Axminster, Devon. Mr. W. II. Mastees has been appointed to succeed Mr. Wm. Rowbeee as Head Gardener to Sir H. G. CoTTEEELL, Bart., at Garrrons, Hereford. WANT PLACES. Gardeners, Foresters. Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD AND tSONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full pftrticulars on iipplication. — 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. fCH ARD SMITH and (To. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &.C. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoronghfi/ practirnl at (ln'ir busiiu'>:(3. All particulars on application. Telrf,'ra],hic ic Vo~\:d Addre^>— '• DICKSONS. CHESTER." To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter, Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn. W.C. ScotcU Gardeners, Foresters, and Bailiffs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), has at present on his Register several very superior MEN whom he can recommend with every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par- ticulars given on application. — 144, Princes Street. Edinburgh. SEED TRADE.— Party of high standing in the Trade is open to engagement to Manage or Travel ; cmi furnish the very highest testimonials and references. To any Firm engaging Advertiser, he can furnish supplies of Choice Fruits and Cut Flowers against contra account from several Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Private Gardens. The Adver- tiser's connection is a valuable one, both amongst Agricul- turists and Horticulturists.— Write, W. B. A., May's, 162, Pic- cadilly, London, W. (GARDENER (Head). — Age 42, married; \jr thoroughly experienced in all branches. Eleven years with present employer, who will be pleased to give excellent character.— R, ANDREWS, The Gardens, Forde Abbey, Chard. ARDENER (Head). —Age 27, married; would be pleased to engage witli Lady or Gentleman. Fourteen years' experience in general routine. Good references. — F. STROUD, Sandhills. Chrtstchurch, Hants. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32; would be glad to meet with Lady or Gentleman requiring good aU:round man as above.— G. C„ 2, Hadlow Place, Anerley Road, Upper Norwood. S^E^ GARDENER (Head).— C. L. Thompson, Esq., Milton Hall, Carlisle, wishes to highly recommend his late father's Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough good Gardener. Leaving through reducing establishment. Address as above, or Gardener. ARDENER (Head).— Middle-aged, no en- cumbrance ; offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, re(|uiring a first-rate Fruit and Plant Grower, and thorough Kitchen Gardener. Good character.— P., 3, Arney's Cottager. Sutton Common, Surrey. GARDENER (Head)j age 31, married.— A Lady wishes to highly recommend licr Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man in all branches of Gardening.— GARDENER. 6, Idminstou Square, Worcester Park, Surrey. ARDENER (Head). — Age 36, married; twenty years' experience in Early and Late Forcing Fruits, Plants, Cucumbers, Melons. Orchids, and Vcgelubie Growing, and the Management of a first-class Garden. Tecto- taller.— .rOllN F. RAGGETT, 20, Catherine Grove, Grecn- wicli. S.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, two children ; twenty years' experience. Five years Gar- dener to J. Richardson, Esq., Barn Kill, Stamford. Well known to R. (Albert, Burghley, \vhere he lived two years.— G, TAYLOR, Gibson'rt Cottages, Stimifonl. ARDENER (Head); age S-2, single, abstainer.— David Lumsdkn, The Gardens, Rloxholni Hall, Lincoln, can highly recommend his Foreman, Charles A. Long, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man as above. Six years in present situation. Par- ticulars on application. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, no incum- brance; Scotch. Fourteen years' experience in all- round Gardening.- MITCHELL, 44, Greenland Grove, Catford, London, S.E. ARDENER (Head); age 32, married.- Mr. C. J. Salticr, The Gardens, Selborne Leigham Court Road, Streatham, can with confidence recommend his Foreman (H. Rayner), who has been with him seven years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a practical trustworthy man. ARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married, no family. — M. HARnvEiLL, seven and a lialf years Head Gardener to the late Right Hon. Lord Newborough, desires re- engagement with Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man. Highest leferences.- M, HARTWELL, The Gardens, Glynllifon Park, Carnarvon. ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married, no family. — JaMES Watsox. Eiq., late of Langley Hoase, Slough, can highly recommend his late Head Gardener, who has been with him six years ; is thoroughly experienced, and trustworthy. First-class testimonials. — R. H. TAYLOR, Vale Yard, Stratton, Cirencester. ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.— W. RuTHEHFOBD, for the last two years Gardener to Charles W. Barton, Esq., Glendalough, previously General Foreman at Duke of Leinster's. Carton, seeks re-engagement as above. Excellent character; will be highly recommended by present employer as thorough practical Gardener. — Please addres W. RUTHERFORD, Glendalough Gardens, Annomoe, Wicklow. p ARDENER (Head Wohkinq).— Age 35, v!X married ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening. First-class references, — BOWSER, 22, Observatory Street, Oxford. GARDENER (Head Working),— Age 40, married, two children ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good character. Four years' previous. — W. T. , 0. Formo-sa Street, Warrington Crescent, Maida Vale, W. ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 50; practical Grower of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Over six years' good character. — E. ATKINS, Hargrave Gar- dens, Stanstead. Essex. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept. — Age 28, single ; good general expe- rience Inside and Out. Excellent testimonials. — GARDENER, Casino House, Heme Hiil, S.E. ,< "\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28 ; ^^ [m thorough practical knowledge of Forcing Fruit, Choice Flowers and Vegetables. First-class testimonittls from present and previous employers. — SYMONS, Michaelstow, Camelford. Cornwall. r^ ARDENER (Head AVorktng), where three vX or more are kept"; age 33, married. — Mr. J. Groum. Seafield Nurseries, Gosport, would be pleased to recommend a thorough practical and trustworthy man, with eighteen years' experience in all branches of the profession. ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 3", married, two children ; thoroughly experienced in ali branches. Four and a lialf years' in present situation. First- class references.-J. MASON, The Gardens, Donnington Grove, Newbury, Berks. ARDENER (Head AVohking).— Married, two childien, (youngest age 9) ; thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing, &c, Highest references from present and previous employers. — T. W., Monson Koail, Redhilll. ARDENER (Head AVorking); age 34.— Mr. SHAW, Gardener to Lord Muncaster, wishes to re- commend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardenar.— The Gardens, Muncaster Castle, Kavenglass, Carnforth. GARDENER (Head AA'orking), in the prime of life, single, and an abstainer ; trustworthy. Ener- getic and thoroughly practical iu all branches. Five years' high character, also testimonials.— M. M., 2a'J, Ring's Road, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where more are kept.— Age 39, married, two children ; over twenty years' thorough practical experience in uU branches of the profession iu large establishment. Highest references as to ability and character.- GILBERT, Church Road, Brixworth. Northampton^liire. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three, or more, are kept; age 43. — A Lady iw anxious to recommend a man na above. Thorough practical knowledge of the profession in all ita branches.— W0RSF(.)LD, Walbertjn, Arundel. /^ GARDENER (Head AVorking); age 38 V^ married.— T. WlT-soN. The Grove, Stapleford. Cam- bridge, is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman re- quiring a good all-round Gardener. Twenty years' experii'uce in good establishments. Good character, &c., from i)resent and previous employers. GARDENER (Head AVorking, or good SlNGLK-nANHEli).— Age 3L', mnrried. no incumbrance; has a thorough knowledge of Vines, P.miIus. Stove and Green- house Plants, an, lutirricd. Advertiser seeks euga^ement permaueut or temponiry as above. Well upiti either eapaeity. Twelve years good testimouiaU. — SEEKINGS, Couiitesthorpe, Rugby. GARDENER.— R. Gbay, twelve years Head Ganleuer to Earl Stanhope, offers his services ; success- ful Grower of Grapes, Roye^, Fruit. Flower, jiud Kitchen Gardens, — Ford Manor. Ea^t Griustead, Sussex. GARDENER, thorough, to Manage Glass and Gardens for Profit.— Age 42; undeniable references. Please stiite particulars.— B. A., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER. — Age 26, married ; under- stands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Green- house Plants, Mushrooms, Flower aud Kitchen Garden. Highest references. ToUil abstainer. Wife good Poultry Woman.— G. T. WOODS, Feme Piece, Barkingside, Ilforfl, Essex. GARDENER (good WoinaNo).— No family ; thoroughly experienced. Wife good Laundress. Take care of House if required. Good character.— J. J., '2, Leeson Road. Herno Hill. S.E. ARDENER, Market Forcing.— Age 44 . Gnxpes, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Asparagus' Seakale, Rhubarb. &c. ; also Management of Fruit Planta' tions. Many years' experience. Can be highly recommended' —MARKET G.VRDENER. 41, Wellington Street. Strand.W.C" ARDENER ^^d ESTATE BAILIFF (WORKINLJ).— Age 45. married ; had thorough experience iu both tranches; also Book-keepiug, Sixteen years' good character.- Mr. F. BELL. Nurserj'mau, Easicgwold. GARDENER (Single-handed), no objection to Horse or Cow. — Age ZO, married, two in family; six years' good character,— J. ALLEN, Forest Hill, Oxfordsliire. ARDENER (Single-handed). — Married, no family ; ten years' experience. Willing to be useful. Total abstainer. Excellent character. —W. E. FEASEY, 176, Sunnyhill Road, Streatham, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where assistance is given; age 24. single,— H. Thompson. Gardener to Canon Hodgson, Crawley Down, will be pleased to recommend G. Cheal, who has been with him three years as above. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Nine years' experience in Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse, &c. A fair knowledge of Orchids; also understands Kitchen Garden. Good characters; last with T. A. Titley, Esq., (deceased), Leeds. — State wages, &c., to B. L. SCALES, aiS, Meanwood Road, Leeds. ARDENER (Second), in a good Garden.— Ten years' good character giv«o, if required. Please state wages; bothy preferred.— T. A. SMITH, near Hill House, Newnham, Glouct'stershire. GARDENER Second or Third), in Nursery or private establishment. — Ag« 27 ; good reference. — R. S., Carshalton House, Carfhalton, Burrey. ARDENER (Third), in a Gentleman's establishment ; age 20.— A Gardener wishes to recom- mend a steady, obliging young man as above. Knowledge of Garden Work.- G. COLLINS, Rednam, Andover, Hants. ARDENER (Under).— Age 18, single ; has had experience both Indoors and Out. Four years' good character.— H. THURLEY, Stock Lodge. Ingatestone, Essex. ARDENER (Under), Indoors or Out.— Age 22; eight years" excellent character from present place.— A.W., 2U, St. John"* Terrace, Clay Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under), Indoors or Out.— Age 20 ; foui - -years' experience. Good references, — E. LET IDGE, ope Cottage, Princes Road, Norbiton, King- ston-on Thames. ARDENER (Under). — F. Stroud, Gar- dener. Sandhills, Christchurch, Hants, will be pleased to recommend a steady industrious young man. — Address as above. GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out, in good Garden. — Age 19; three and a half yeais' good character from present situation. — Apply, in first instance, to HEAD gardener, ' VVestfield, Augustus Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. ARKET GARDENER.— Age 45, married; tirst-class all-round man Inside and Out. Exceptional chitracter as to ability, &,c.— E. C, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. OREMAN.— C. J. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor Gardens, Eeckenham, will be glad to recommend his Foreman, T. May. to any Gardener requiring a very steady and trustworthy young man ; he has been with me over four years, and is leaving for no fault, OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27 ; four- teen years" experience in the Cultivation of Vines, Melons. Cucumbers. Peaehes. Stove and Greenhou.se Plants. Good character and references. Bothy preferred. — J. SMITH Bedford Park. Hatfield Road, St. Albans, Herts. Tj^OREMAN.— Age 26; twelve years' experi- J- once. Well recommended from present and previous situations, six years' previous at Handcross Park, Sussex.— J. KERSEY, Streatham Grove, Norwood, S,E. T^OREMAN; in the Houses, where two or J- three are kept.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse Plants, Vines, Melons, and Cucumbers; also Decorations. Five years' good character.- J. MUDDELL, The Gardens, Chilgrove, Chichester. FOREMAN (General).— A Blaikie, Gar- dener to the Right Hon, E. Stanhope, M.P., Revesby Abbey, Boston. Lincolnshire, wishes to recommend his Fore- man, G, W. D'Arcy, to any Gardener requiring a very steady, respectable, and nctive young man. Has been with me over two years. Is leaving of liis own accord ; anxious to improve himself. Would be happy to answer any inquiry respecting liim. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Working).— Age 27; well up in all branches of the Trade. Situation with option of Partnership preferred.- A. L., Gardeners' Chro7uc/e Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T^OREMAN (Working), or PROPAGATOR. -L Age 28 ; thirteen years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse, Herbaceous Shrubs, Florist.n" Flowers and General Outside Nursery Work. Buttonholes.Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. Highest re- ferences^—F(mEMAN^4,ConnaughtS FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 25; well-up in protlnciug Cucumbers, Tomatos, Roses, Chrysanthemums, and Forced Cut Flowers, in quantity for Market. Used to Bunching and Packing,— R. J., 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for -L Market. — Age 31 ; sixteen years' practical experience, having a thorough knowledge of the Cut Flower and Plant Trade.— R. A. E., 4, Victoria Street, Lincoln. ROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market or Nurseryman, thorough Indoors and Out.— Middle- aged, married, no family; good character.— E. H., 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. OSE-GROWER.— Age 38; thoroughly ' experienced. Cut Blooms for Market. Successful Bndder and Grafter. Five years in large establishment.- C. H., 29, Lowes Glen Vue, East Grinstead. Sussex. FRUIT GROWER, on Nobleman's or Gentle- man's Estate.— Age 46. married ; many years' practieal experience with all kind of Fruit, Well acquainted with the best and most profitable varieties, and soil and situation most suitable, the storing and packing, &c. Expert at Budding and Grafting.- M., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ORCHIDS.— A practical Man, with first-class character and qualifications, is now open for re- engage- ment, to take charge of a collection of Orchids, or that combined with the other duties of a Garden. English.— H. BURBERRY, k Cote de I'Hospice, Mont. St. Amande, Ghent, Belgium. ORCHIDS. — Young man seeks situation in the Orchid Houses. Good references. Three years' experience. Disengaged. Age 21.— A. STORRIE, Soldier's Home, Queen Street, Colchester. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's tJ establishment.— Age 20; good knowledge of Orchids. First-class testimonials.- W. A., The Gardens, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar. JOURNEYMAN (FmsT), in a Gentleman's establishment; Under Foreman in the Houses. — Age 26; ten years' experience and good character, — T. MASTERS* Shuckburgh Gardens, Daventry. JOURNEYMAN, for the Kitchen or Flower Garden.— age 23; two years' character from present situation. — T., 34. Houselaud Koad. Tonbridge, Kent. OURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, under a Fore- man. — Age 22 ; highest references a3 to ability. — W. PKENTICE. Gardens, Paddockburst. Worth, SiLssei. To Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, in a good establish- ment.— Age 23; seven years' experience, and used to the general Nursery Work.— A. A., 1.3. North Place, Putney, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; three years in present situation and five years in previous. Good references.— G. H., The Gardens, Wakehurst Place, Hayward's Heath. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; good knowledge of Orchids, Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Highly recommended.- H. SLOTTERY, Bearwood Gardens, Wokingham, Berks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers.— H. N., The Gardens, Lockerby Hall, Romsey, Hants. OURNEY'MAN, in the Houses; age 20.— Thomas Oldham, Malvern Hall Gardens, Solihull, Bir- mingham, would have pleasure in recommending a young man as above. Two years under Glass here. OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 24 ; three years in present situation.— For reference; apply to Mr. W. BUGGINS. The Gardens, Woodlands Castle, Clonsiila, Co. Dublin. OURNEY'MAN.— Age 20; abstainer. sS years' good practical experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.— H. JENKINS, The Gardens, Raby Castle, Darling- OQ, Durham. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; W live yeiirs' experience, Total abstainer. Good character. —J AS. UUHGESS.Tho Hall Cottage, Bircliingtou-on-Sea, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendation. Hothy preferred.- H. SNELL, Upton, St. Mary Cluireli, Tonjuay. TOURNEYMAN, in the Houses,— Good re- <-> ferences. — A. GOERINGE, EIHnghara, Leatherhoad, Surrey. J OURNEY'MAN, in the Houses.- Age 22 ; bothy preferred. Three year.i' experience. Good cha- racter.—W. EDWARDS, The Gardens, Oakley Park, Bromfield. Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses,— Age 20; seven years' experience, three under Glass. Good Waterer. First-class references. — C. LONGMAN, Byams Gardens. Marchwood, Southampton. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; SIX years' good character from Mr. Rust. Bothy pre- ferred.—R. LEAMY, The Gardens, Bridge Castle, Tunbridge JOURNEYMAN, in Orchid or other Glass Department.— Age 19 ; four years' excellent characler. Leaving owing to owner selling his collection.— H. COOPER, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21 ; six years' experi- ence. Bothy preferred. Two years in present place. Excellent character.— JOHN EVANS, Head Gardener, Nerouis Hall, Mold, Flintsl.ire, Wales. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— Mr. MILSOJI. Claydou Gardens, Winslow, Bucks, will bo plca.sed to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man as above. Sevea years' good practical experience in the pro- fession. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— Geokge Neville, The Gardens, Sprottro, Doncaster, would be glad to meet with a good situation as above. Four years in present place. Can be highly recommended. No objection to pay small Premium. pOWMAN, or UNDER GARDENER.— vy Understands Pigs and Poultry. Wife could undertake Lodge, or Assist in the House. Nine years' good character.— F. T., Tanglewood, Bnshey Heath. TMPROVER, Inside and Out.— Age 18 ; three -1- years' experience. Good character. Small Premium allowed.— E. HARVEY, 8, Prestbury Court, Cheltenham. TMPROVER, Inside or Out; age 18.— m7. -L Brown, Coombe Priory Gardens, Shaftesbury, will be pleased to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man as above. Three and a half years' good character. "-rO MARKET GROAVERS and OTHERS.— -L A young man seeks a situation; ipiick at Potting, Water- ing, &c. Five years' experience under Glass. Accustomed to London Nursery. Good references.— A. U., Boyal Oak, Burnt Oak, Edgware, Middlesex. To NURSERYMEN and GENTLEMEN.— Wanted situation in a Market Nursery or Gentleman's Garden. Five years' experience. —T. KEMP.Chithurst, Peters- held, Hants. TO GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted a situation Assist in the Houses or Inside and Out; age 2?.. Good references. Becommended by Head Gardener.— J. HODGSON, Mr. Richards, Bookseller, Clifton, Bristol. SHOPMAN or MANAGER.— Age 30; good KJ knowledge of Seed, Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. State wages. &c.— W. HARRIS, John R. Bos, Seedsman, Croydon. To Florists. SHOPMAN.— Age 23 ; live and a half yeara' experience in West End establishment. Have been Buyer sixteen months. Could Manage Branch Shop. Highest references.— W. A., 2S, Carnac Street, West Dulwich.S.E. ^HOPMAN, or SALESMAN.— Age 23; well kD up in Wreaths, Eomjuets, Sprays, &c. Good knowledge of Plants, Seeds, Book-keeping, Furnishing, &c. Could Manage a Branch of Establishment. Good references. Security if required.— SHOPMAN. Mr. Phillips, 191, Holloway Road, N. S66d Tr3.dfi CLERK, or SHOPMAN.— Chas. F. Cocks in 21fh year; six and a half years with Messrs. Waite. Nash & Co., and Cooper. Taber & Co. (Limited), offers hig services as above. No objection to travel. — References to above address. The Ferns, Park Road, Peterborough. To Nurserymen and Florists. SALESMAN. — Young; good experience in Wholesale and Retail Trade. Excellent references. — H. G., 1. Letterstone Road, Fulham, S.W. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS. — Diseases of Advanced Years. — When man has passed to the borders of old age, the digestion becomes more or lesg impaired, the nervous system grows feeble, and the physical power shows increasing weakness. Hence arise the congestions of liver, lungs, head, followed by dropsy, asthma, or apoplexy, which too frequently atflict th : aged. The liver usually first gets torpid ; but its activity may speedily be revived by rubbing Holloway's Ointment thoroughly over the pit of the stomach and right side at leas twice a-day, a d taking at the same time. The same treatment cures all other congested organs, by varying the parts rubbed according to the situation of the congestion. 128 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [jANtJABT 26, 1889. A NEW HARDY PLANT TO ENGLISH GARDENS. HARTLAND'S "GOLDEN QUILLED" SUNFLOWER £ i SOLEIL DOR," AS DRAWN BY GERTRUDE HARTLAND. This is one of the finest things in the whole range of Autumnal hardy blooming plants, and I am very pleased to be able to offer it to my friends in England. It begins to bloom a month in advance of the normal Anemone- flowered variety known to English traders as Helianthus miiltt/lorus pleuus. The flowers of Soleil d'Or are all " quilled " after the manner of a Cactus Dahlia, the lights and shinies in such formation of quilling giving it a rich tone ol orange, particularly towards the centre. As mentioned, it begins to bloom about the first week in July, and keeps up a regular supply of its beautifully- formed flowers ujitil November, and it is probable that if plants were put in tubs, and kept in a northern aspect nntil October, and then removed to a warm temperature under glass, such plants would keep blooming until the middle of December, as numbers of buds are annually nipped during the cold nights out-of-doors. This might also be done with the beautiful white Cactus Dahlia. A. W. Tnit. I liave had some difficulty in convincing brother traders in England of its existence, the stock of which I worked up from a " single specimen ;" and now that ■! have a 20 years experience with tlie fixity of character, and quilled formation of florets, offer it with much pleasure as an extremely beautiful introduction. Indeed, I have gone to the trouble and expense of having draw- ings made by my niece, Gertrude Hartland, of two varieties, yet I am given to undersUind, through the columns of tlie Garden for December, that there may be one or two more Riehmonds in the field as "substitutes." If such be the case, anil I have no doubt of it, the lovers of hardy plants will only be put to the expense of purchasing all the forms, as I intend restricting the sale to private gardens, and keep the entire responsibility with traders offering tlieir Riehmonds. If the substitutes are in the field, it should have been mentioned as a correction, and with some force, through the garden literature in wliich I created discussion, and this would have save! me the trouble and espiMi«f of having drawings made of the two fornix. For furtlier information, and before you order plants, ask for Eartland'i "Year Book " Of Select Garden Seeds for the present season. I offer extra strong Plants, as large as imported Lily of the Valley clumps, 2s. ed. each, 27s. 6d. per dozen, for combined orders, carriage and post-free. Fine second size Plants (not post-free J j Is. 6d. each, 15s. per dozen, for combined orders^ post-free. rms ADVERTISEMENT WILL NOT BE REPEATED. WILLIAM BAYLOR HARTLAND, SEEDSMAN, 24, PATRICK STREET, CORK, IRELAND. THE FINEST BLUE IVIARROW PEA. SHARPE'S QUEEN. 28. 6d. per Pint, Is. 6d. per Half-pint. Sealed Packet, Post-free. THE HEAVIEST CROPPING VARIETY. THE FINEST POD. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. THE FINEST IN EVERY WAY, CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. DAHLIA ROOTS. Wk have for many years heen awanli'il the hinhe'it honours for the mo-ttm- tioiia of 14-i Cultural meaiontiula ... 140 Cutbush, W.. & Son'9, Nursery 140 Education of gardeuers... 148 Figs Mil yiorists" flowers 14ti Flower garden ... ... 142 Fraud on Mr. Chambei^ lain 144 Fruiterer3' 8 Grirdeners* tirphan Fund 146 GoJefroy's Oypripedium Ho Gypsophilas 148 Hardy fruit garden ... 142 Ightham Mote. Kent ... I^t IxiantUes retzloides ... 136 Kitclieu garden Leut Roses Lichens, ^\liat are? Lilium neilgherren•^e ... Masillaria grandillora ... Mayence, exhibition at... Orchid housed „ mimes ,, notes Orchids at TiytUe Hill ... reaches and Necturines , Plant names Phiats and Iheir culture Primroses, Chinese Primulas Satyrium membranaceiim Seed trade and the Mer- chandise Marks Act ... Senecio-macroglossus ... Slugs and snails Smale's. \V._ Swede ous Tree felling by electricity Tree-meusurer, a simple Trees in London \'ine3, to rid of mealy- bug Violet culture Weather, the 's. W. &:, nurseries Turtiip, prolifer- ILLU8TRATION8. Ightham Mote, Kent. Ixianthes retzioides Kohl-rabi, proliferous Tree-meat ur^-r Turnip, proliferous (See Supplement.) 147 Advertisers are specially requested to note, thatj U7ider no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an "entire colu?nn. OYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W. ARRANGEMENTS. 1889. SPRING EXHIBITIONS, WEDNESDAYS. March 20 and April 10. SUMMER EXHIBITIONS, WEDNESDAYS. May 1.5 and June 19. EVENING FETE (Probable Date). WEDNESDAY. July 3. GRAND FLOKAL F^f^, YORK. JUNE 19. 20. and 21. 1889. PRIZES nearly SEC HUNDRED POUNDS. Schedules now ready. Apply to 13, New Street. York. CHAS. W. SIMMONS. Secretary. 'pOSES — ROSES — ROSES.— 50,000 extra -IV strong Dwarf H.P.'s in all the leading kinds, 21s. per 100, £10 per 1000 ; Marechal Niel's. extra strong. 15s. per dozen ; Gloire de Dijon, extra strong. 9s. per dozen ; William A. Richardson, extra strong, 12s. per dozen. A few Manetti Stocks to offer at :ios. per 1000. CATALOGUES free on application. C. H. GORRINGE, Roselands Nursery, and 75, Terminus Road, Eastbourne. REAL'S SINGLE DAHLIAS. — Seed from this celebrated stiain, selected from over 50 of the best named varieties. Is. ijd. and 2s. 6rf. per Packet. J. CHEAL Ayit SONS, Crawley. ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the leading kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Ereslau, Germany. HRYSAJv^THEMUMS.— Strong Plant3,ready for delivery at once, of all best leading kinds. Fine strong EDCHARIS ULY BULBS (AMAZONICA) and TO- MATO PLANTS.— A. O. BOUKNE, Sunny Bank, Guernsey. UNYARD'S Prizetaker BROAD BEAN. The finest ever sent out free for 20 stamps per Packet. Whole=yi!^ of Messrs. HUEST and SON, LondOD, only. GEORGE BUNYARD and CO., Seed Merchants. Maid^ton--. ■I7OR SALE, GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, X bound, tor the years 1^^11—42—43—44 and 1845. Send offer and address. E. MOORHOUSE. Emscote, Warwick. ILIUM A U R A T U M.— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases contaiuiug 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Famifl, unopened and unexamined, at 25s. per Case ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 4U.s'. Fine and sound Bulbs jier dozen. 4s., 6s., 9.?., 12s., and \9.s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6rf. and 3s. Qd. each. All seut packing and carriage free. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. W.C. on {\(\i\ DWARF RUSES.— Cheaper than *j\J ^\j\J\J ever. All the best leading varieties. War- ranted true to name. The best money can buy. Sample dozen from 3?. : 22s. per 100— parking free for cash with order. Send for a LIST. A. J. AND C. ALLEN. Stone Hills Nursery, Norwich. Barr's Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST IIKIU'.ACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select- List of high-class AND EASILY cultivated plants only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and i;j, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. T ARCH— LARCH— LAIICH.~2 to 3 feet, A-J and 2j to 3J feet, Rrand stuff, all twice transplanted. — For prices apply to G. FROST, Nurseries, Bampton. Devon. THOMPSON, Seedsman, 34, Tavern • Street, Ipswich, be^s to announce that his FLOWER SEED CATALOGUE for the present Season is Now Ready, and may be had on prepaid application. It includes in addition to all the best of previous introductions, some New and Rare Seeds, exclusively in his possession, W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRITITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NURSERVMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 289, 287, 283, Flower Market, Covent Garden. London. W.C, are open to RECEI\T5 CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telesraph Address — " COMMISSIONT SIDCUP." RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60, Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C Reference; Londonand County Bank. Telegraphic Address — Adiantum, London. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch; all oulstaiding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUEliCir (laIe~^'iIi"lch~&~Ba'rn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of i-hoice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts si'ttled weekly, or as desired. Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers" and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. HOICE FLOWERS and FRUIT. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES. Fruit and Flower Salesman, Cjvent Garden, London, W.C. ANTED, good Bulbs of EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, clean and free from mite. Quote lowest price per 100, for cash or EXCHANGE, with sample Bulb, to WXLLIAM BULL. F.L.S., Establi-hment for New and Rare Plants, .'^ne, King'^ Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. s UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, READING. QUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. O — Now ready: price Is., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flower?, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS. Royal Seed EstablJslimeiit, Reading. TO LARGE PLANTERS of THORN li to 2 feet, 11.5. per 1000. £50 per lOO.OUO; li to 2^ feet. VM. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 15.s\ per lOUO ; 3 to 4 feet, ISs. per lOUO. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. M AIDENHAIR FERN.— Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton -on-Thames. o RCHIDS. — Clean, well-growij plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. BIRMINGHAM PRIMULAS. — Exhibitors and judges know well that Birmingham Primulas have been for many years, and still are, far ahead the best known ; and the varieties Marquis of Lome, Princess Louise, The Queen, Emperor, Lady H. Churchill, Pope's Blue, all raised by our foreman, Mr. Rose, are still the best known, and, where exhibited, win. No otliers have a chance. They have won every prize at Birmingham for many years, except where debarred from competition. Gentlemen, who have not seen a Birmingham Primula Show, we ohal! be pleased to send a few blooms, on receipt of 3 stamps for box and postage. Mixed Packets of all the best sorts, f)s. ; Ditto, small packet, 2s. Cc/. ; or separate, if required, at 2s. &d. to 5s. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen, &c., King's Norton Nurseries, Birmingham. AMED DOUBLE TUBEROUS BEGO- NIAS.— Of these we have a magnificent Collection, and can supply cheaper than any other noted firm. CATALOGUE free on application. MORLEY AND CO., Preston. APAGERIA ROSEA. — Large Plant for Sale, in 20-inch pot. covering large space. J. CHITTY, Florist, Mark House Road. Walthamstow. SELECTED SEED POTATOS. — The best k3 varieties for table use. The best varieties for exhibition. Delivered free. Lists Post-free on application, DICKSONS {Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTEB. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, post-free, for 6 stamps, deducted from first order. CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. 1 1 no 000 GARDEN POTS, 3^ in. diam., .JL^ XV/V/^ wV/V/ in stock, ready for immediate delivery; carriage and breakag'- free on £10 orders; half carriage on £5. Acknowledged by the tnide to be the best pots manufactured. Largest Stock and Largest Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by u9. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. 3rf. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9(/. ; 141b., 4s.; 71b.. 2s.3rf. In tins. Is. each. SoleManufacturera, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.CLimited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham. ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator of all insect pesta affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, 1.?. 6d., 3s., hs.,"-d.; Tins 15s. 6d., 25j., 96s. All *ii'e 'snien .nnl Fl-irist-;. 130 THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE. (Tebbcahy 2, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Norbiton.— Monday Next. ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE of tlie remaining NURSERY STOCK, by onler of the Esecutor3 of the late Mr. T. Jackson. Important to Fruit Growers. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Park Koad Nursery, Norbiton, 10 minntes' walk from the Norbiton Eailway Station, on MONDAY NEXT, Febmary -J, at 1 o'clock precisely, the remaining NURSERY STOCK, consisting of an assortment of Shrubs, 3000 Currants and Gooseberries, "00 Apples, Plums, Pears, and Cherries, Laurels, Poplars, Limes, &c. On view this day. Catalogues o£ the AUCTIONEER, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Monday, February 4, Also on TUESDAY, Feb. 5^ WEDNESDAY, Feb. 6; FRIDAY. Feb. 1.5; TUESDAY, Feb. 19; and WEDNE.SDAY, Feb, 20. The BARVINS PARK COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. UNRESERVED SALE of the Second and Third Portions of this extensive COLLECTION, by order of the Proprietor, who is leaving the neighbourhood and selling the Estate. Important to the Triide and Large Buyers. MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured -vvitli instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, on the above-named days, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day the Second and Toird Portions of this extensive COLLEC- TION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, without the least reserve, comprising several thousands of plants, mostly for the cool- house, including a large quantity of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.E, in various sizes, all unflowered, and princi- pally selected from Messrs. Shuttleworth. Carder & Co.'s importations of the broad-pefalled Pacho variety. The Plants will be on view the mornings of Sale. Catalogues forwarded, free by post, on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.C. Tuesday Next. Named CARNATIONS and PICOTEES iu Pots, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, CAMEL- LIAS, and AZALEAS, from an English Nursery. MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on TUESDAY, NEXT, Februarys, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Clieapside, London, E.C. Thursday Next. 5000 LILIUM AURATI:M, splendid Bulbs, just received from .Japan ; also an unusually tiue collection of ENGLISH- GROWN LILIES, including a large number of exception- ally large Bulbs; Japanese IRIS, and various Hardy Bulbs. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at tlieir Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 7, at half-pa-t 12 o'clock precisely. On view moruing of Sale, and Catalogues had. Eltham, Kent. Important and further CLEAKANCE SALE of valuable and unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in consequence of the Expiration of the Lease. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instntcfefl by the Executrix of the late Mr. ,T. \V. Todman, to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premires, the Eltham Nursery, Eltham, Kent, 1 mile from Eltham Station, on THURSDAY', February 7, and two following days, at 12 o'clock punctually each d.ay without reserve, a further portion of the remarkably well grown NURSEUY STOCK, now in capital condition for removal, including 5000 Evergreens and Conifers in various sizes, for effective planting ; 4000 Green Hollies, 2 to 8 feet ; 4000 Aucubas, 2 feet ; 7.100 Laurels, 2 to 4 feet; 5000 Privet; 20,000 Fruit Trees ; 2000 Gooseberries and Currants ; 13,000 Forest Trees ; 2000 Roses, and other Stock. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of tlie Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday Next.— Without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, February 8, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, witliout reserve) by order of Mr. F. Sander, a grand importation of DENDRO- BIUM FREE.-IIANNI. Tlie plants are in splendid order, and are well set with buds for flowering. This species has not been imported for many years, and a liner and more brilliant Dendrobe does not exist. Every plant received is offered. Also a supeib lot of the very rare and handsome DENDRO- BIUM HOOKERIANUM, rarely seen in collections: a grand lot of other IMPORTED ORCHIDS, such as Cypripedium insigne, from a new district; and a Dendrobium found near Nobile, probably new; together with a superb lot of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS i u i'LOWER and BUD. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Friday Next. CHOICE I.MI'iiKTED ORCHIDS. CYPRIPEDIU.M liELLATULUM. V'ANDA AMESIANA. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, February S, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugli "Low & Co., a very large quantity of the very lovely CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM, well described in Gardeners' C/iromele, January 5, as a noble distinct Cypripedium and a grand novelty; VANDA AMESIANA, from a new locality, may possibly prove to be a variety, as the plants appear to attain an unusually large size, and one specimen was seen by col- lector with just on 600 individual buds on eight llower-spikes and he is of opinion, it is the grandest Vanda known ; also flue plants of -VANDA CIERULEA, CffiLOUYNES, and other choice ORCHIDS, On view morning ot Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, February 12. ONCIDIU.M MACKAMTHUM, a magnificent consignment to hand, in splendid condition. ]lf ESSRS. PRTHEROE and MORRIS will J-'-L SELL the above by AUCTION, nt their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, B.C., on TUESDAY, February I'J, by order of Mr. Charlesworth. Thursday, February 14. SALE by SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their next SAMPLE SALE will take place as above, for which they will be glad to receive notice of Entries as early of possible. Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, Wednesday & Saturday Next— (Sale No. 7862 and 786.5). 500 Choice Named Standard and Dwarf ROSES ; Pyramid, Standard and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, to name; Hardy Ornament 1 EVERGREENS, SHRUBS, and CON- IFERS; Home-grown LILIUMS, in great variety ; CAR- NATIONS. PICOTEES, and other Border Plants ; LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns, HEJIEROCALLIS, LILIUM LONOIFLORUM. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, and other roots from Holland ; DUTCH BULBS for present planting, SPIRiEA .lAPONICA, and other Hardy Roots. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY, February 6 and 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.(— Sale No. 7863.) CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MR. .1. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, as. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY' NEXT, February 7, about 250 lots of Choice ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including many rare species and choice varieties chiefly in Flower and Bud, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7863.) IMMENSE IMPORTATIONS from JAPAN. 10,000 grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATTIM, also L. A. MACRANTHUM, L. A. RUBRO-V'ITTATU.M, and h. A. PICTUM; 1000 L. KRAMERI, L. CORIDION. L. CON- COLOR, L. LEICHTLINII, L. BATE.MANNI.E, L. TI- GRINUM, L. ELEGANS SANGUINEUM, and other BULBS, from Japan, in the finest possible condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in . his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 7. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Thursday Next,— (Sale No. 7863.) IMPORTED ORCHIDS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 7, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Imported and Established ORCHIDS, in great variety, from Messrs. Shnttleworth. Carder &. Co.; also fine Imported pieces of CY.MBIDIU.AI AFFINE C LOWII, DENDROBIUM BINOCULAKE, CtELOGYNES, &c ■ new and rare DISAS, SATYRIUMS, LISSOCHILUS, and other South African ROOTS. On view morning'of Sale, and Catalogues had. Established Orchids. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, February 13, at his Great Rooms. .33, King Street, Covent Garden W C ' some tine DUPLIC-ITE PLANTS from a well-known Private Collection, chiefly in flower and bud. Further particulars in next advertisement. Special Sale of Orchids iu Flower and Bud. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AND BUD will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY', February 13, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if gentle- men desirous of entering plants for Ibis Sale will SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT. WANTED, in Kent, Surrey, or Hants, a small, compact NURSERY, with Dwelling house. Glassraiist be in good condition. On Lease preferred. State full parliculars to W. M., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED TO RENT, small NURSERY or GARDEN with Glass Houses, Address J. W., 8, Wade Lane, Teddington. w WANTED TO RENT, Several HOUSES, suitable for Growing t'uciinibers, Toniatos, Cut Flowers, &c., for Market. No stock. Full particulars to G. H., Wilton, North Walsham, Norfolk. T^OR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, good SEED -L and FLOWER BUSINESS, ihiclly cash. Satisfactory reasons. Good Dwelliug-Housc attaidied. SEEDSMAN. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen, Florists, and Others. TO BE DI.SPOSED Ol'', the Lease and Goodwill, with Possession, of 5 acres of NURSERY' and ARABLE GROUND, fully stocked, together with Cottage Buildings, Greenhouses, and Pits, and 12 acres of open Groi adjoining, near Windsor, Berks, Capital roqiiired, £450; Buildings, Greenhouses, and Pits, and 12 acres of open Ground adjoining, near Winds Partnership arranged. Apply lo E. p. NEWMAN, Market Gardeners' Agent, Uxbridge, W. To Market Gardeners, Florists, Nurserymen, &c. HA.MPTON-ON-THAJIES. "POR SALE, choice FREEHOLD LAND, in A Acre Plots, suitable for above. Rich Garden Soil with gravel and sand sub-soil. The land is considered by the Trade the hHcst near London for Grape and other Market Products Apply, SECRETARY, Estites Investment and Villa Farm Conipauy, Estate Office, Tnngley Park, Hamplon-oii-Thames. 'T'O BE LET, with immediate possession, a -i NURSERY, well-known in Berkshire as the " Craven Nursery." It is situated near the important market town of Neivliury; it comprises DWELLING-HOUSE, six GREEN- HOUSES, one large SPAN PIT, and five smaller PITS, and usual apertances necessary for a Florist, Nurseryman, and Seedsman Business, together with 4 Acres of good LAND, all compact. Apply for Particulars to the present proprietor. FRED. JOHNSON, Craven Nursery, London Road, Newbury. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. S E E D S. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, SUPPLY VEGETABLE FLOWER SEEDS of the best quality at moderate prices. Free by Rail or Parcel-post. Descriptive Priced LIST on application. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. pHRISTMAS ROSES.— IL) distinct varieties \J of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 12s. HEPATICA ANGULOSA, ^.\ per doz , Single Blue. S.-: ; Double Blue, \V,s. ; Single Pink, :i.\ per 1000. — Samples to be seen or obtained at il.ARR axd SON. 12. King St.. Covent Garden, W.C. Palms. Foliage Plants. Heaths, Sc. FRAKCIS R. KINGHORN mil be pleased to forward LIST of above with low price3. Leading decorative PALMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond, Surrey; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C. A>;DEE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and OKNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris. 187S. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. on (WW) CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the OV/^v/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 245. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inch pots, 2s. 6a. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellentfor bedding, recently sent out by us. reduced price 2s, 6d. each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMTTH AlfD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. EGOXIA SEED and TUBERS.— BOX'S varieties are the best, as testified by all purchasers. Both quality and i|uantity. SEED from latest novelties of Singles, mixed colours, small packets, 6rf. ; larger packets. Is. and 2s. 6rf. Collections, 4 separate colours. Is. <6d. ; 8 ditto, 2s. 6rf. Of Doubles, small packets, lOrf. ; larger packets. Is. 6rf., 2s. 6rf., and OS. Collections. 4 separate colours. Is. 6rf. ; 8 ditto, including white and yellow, '2s, Qd. ; double orange, very extra. 2s. 6rf. and 5s. per packet. TUBERS, unnamed Singles, to colour superior to named sorts, 12 or more distinct colours, for pots, per dozen. 95.. 125., 18s., and 24s. per dozen ; for bed- dinj;, 40s. and 50s. per 100 ; mixed colours, 285. per 100. Un- named Doubles, very superior, tj or more colours, per dozen, 24.?., 'i6s.. 4Ss. ; mixed colours, 15s. ; choice, to name, from ;i4s. All post-free. Full LIST on application. JUHK R. BOX (for 10 years J. Laing's sole Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. To the Trade. ONION SEED.—" Home Grown Seed." The past season's crop having been a failure, F. GEE is happv to sav he has fine stocks of SUPERIOR BEDFORD- SHIRE GROWN yearling Seed. " of his own growing." which he can highly recommend, and may be relied upon, whereas foreign Seed, which is being sold by many at a much cheaper rate, cannot be depended upon. The following kinds can be supplied for Cash : — GEE"S IMPROVED BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION, very select Stock, fine, large, globular Onion, has grown 16 to 20 tons per acre, 7s. 6a. per lb. „ „ WHITE SPANISH and NUNEHAM PAUK, very fine Stocks, 75. 6d. per lb. Carriage or post free. Special Terms for large quantities. Catalogues on appli- cation. Cheiiues and Post-office Orders made payable to FREDERICK GEE, Seed Grower and Merchant, Ri%'erford Souse, Biggleswade. Bedfordshire. Garden and Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &c. G. VAN TUBEKGEN, Jan., Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SELBERRAD and SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, London, E.C. c TREES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE tree on npplieation.— RICHAKD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seid Merchants. Worcester. lAA ALPINE and HERBACEOUS IvV/ PLANTS. 26s. Descriptive CATALOGUE. Illns- trfited, Willi Cnltural Notes. 73 pages (containing miicli interesting information). Post-free. Piz. STANSFIELU liKOS., Southport. To the Trade. HAND F. SHARPES Wholesale CATA- • LOGUE of VEGETAHLE SEEDS for 1889 has been forwarded to tlieir customers. If those wlio have not received it will kindly inform them another one shall be .sent. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. SMAI.L SHRUBS and CONIFERA'X — Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 100 ; Abies Douglasii, l-yr., 4s. per 100 ; A. orientalis, 1-yr., 305. per lOOO ; American Arbor-vitte, IJ foot, COs, per 1000; Sweet Bay, 1-yr., :i05. per 1000 ; Scarlet Chestnut, 1-yr,. 6s. per 100 ; Cupressus macrocarpa, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000 ; Lawsoni, 18 inches, tJO.s'. per 1000 ; erecta viridis, 4 inches, yos. per 1000; do., 1 foot, 12s. per 100; strieta. 1 to 1 J foot, 12s. per 100 ; Allumii, 1 foot, 14s. per 100; Cedrus atlantica. l-yr., 1-yr. transplanted. Ids. per 100 ; C. Deodara. l-yr., 7s. per 100 ; Escallonia macrantha, pota, 14s. per 100 ; Laurel (common), 2-yr., ^Os. per 1000 ; Por- tugal Laurel, l-yr. transplanted, 20s. per 1000; Colchic Laurel, l-yr., 25s. per 1000; Laurel rotundifolia, l-yr., 25s. per 1000; Limes, l-yr. transplanted, l(5s. per 1000 ; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., extra, IGs. per 1000 ; P. insignia, l-yr., 3s. 6d. per 100 ; P. excelsa. l-yr., 4.?. per 100; P. Nordmanniana, l-yr., 30s. per 1000; P. Jeffreyii, l-yr., Ss. per 100 ; P. Mn,stersiana, l-yr., 10s. per 100 ; P. Strobus, 2-yr., 2s. per lUO ; Oak. Evergreen, l-yr.. 'Ms. per 1000; Scarlet Oak, l-yr., 3s. per 100; Privet ovalifolium, 8 to 9 inches, 10s. per 1000; Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s. per 100; R. squarrosa, 8 to 9 inches, 8s. per 100; do., 1 foot. 125. per 100. Thuia Lobbii, 8 to 10 inches, 30s. per 1000; do.. 15 inches, 45s. per 1000; T. dolobrata, 8 to 9 inches, 80s. per 1000; do., 10 inches, tine, 12s. per 100. T. Ell wangeriana, 6 to 8 inches, 6s. per 100 ; Veronica Traveraii, 6 to 8 inches, fine, 6s. per 100; English Yew, l-yr., l-vr. trans- planted, 20s. per 1000 ; do., 8 to 10 inches, 7s. per 100. Irish Yew, 6 to 9 inches, 10s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Bail or Parcel Post. Ulustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST FREE ON APPLICATION. (Limited) The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, Address for Lettf.rs & Telegrams: Dicksons, Chester. '■pHE GARDENERS' MAGAZINE says :— -L "CARTER'S LEVIATHAN BEAN MUST HAVE SPECIAL MENTION ; the poda attain an average length of 15 inches, and examples over 20 inches long being by no means uncommon." Price, in sealed packets. 2s, Gd. per pint ; post- free, 2s. 9rf.. from 237. High Holborn, London. IF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES TRUE TO NAME, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD ASP CO. TF YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that JL your Local Firms cannot Supply. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD AMD CO. FOR FRUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Thousand, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. SEND INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No Starvelings, No Blight— at GEORGE BUNYARD AXD CO'S. TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT JL TREES, 800 Kinds, Sii Stamps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock, Gratis. ROSE LIST. CONIFER and SHRUB LISTS. Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. G EORGE BUNYARD and CO., PO.MOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERYMEN, M AIDSTONE, KENT. KENT -GROWN FRUIT TREES.— Thousands of Standard, Pyramid, Bush, and Espalier Fruit Treeg, comprising most of the best sorts of Apples, Pears, Plums, and Cherries ; strong, healthy trees, with good fibrous roots. 500 Kent COB NUTS, larj^e bushes, 5 feet. 1000 Common LAUEEL, 3 feet. 500 Silver BIRCH, 8 to 10 feet. 600 LABURNUMS, 7 to 9 feet. Price LISTS of above and General Nursery Stock post-free on application to EVES & DALTON, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Gravesend. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY RECKIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswiok, London, W. PARDENERS' ORPHAN V_T FUND. A BENEFIT in aid of tlw above Fund will take place at the ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, Oxford Street. W., WEDNESDAY, February 6. to SATURDAY, February II, iuclusive. Wednesday, February 6 — " Lady of Lyons" — 2'^0. 6—" Hamlet"— 7-45. Thursday, ,, 7 — " Hamlet "—7"4.5. Friilay. ,, 8— " Hamlet "—7-46. Saturday, ,. 9— " Lady of Lyons '— 2-;f0. And to seat? booked beforehand only. " Hamlet," 7'45. Admission by ticket* at the usual prices, to he obtained if the Members of the Committee, and of the Hon. Secretary, Mr. A. F. RARRON. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick. N.B.— Money paid at the doors will not benefit the Fund. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Press Guide,) ADVERTISING AGENTS, 162. PICCADILLY. London. W., RECEIVE ABVERTISESIENTS for all LoDdon. Provincial, Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers and other Publications, for one or any nimiber of insertions, and are pre- pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Special advantages to Large Advertisers. Establi.shed 1850. Only Address— 163. Piccadilly, London, W. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, \s., 2s. ^d., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate. 5s. 6rf. ; 6 ditto, 35. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12.?. to 4'^s. perdoz, ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and Us. perdoz.; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s, per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. To Offer, Very Cheap. RAPE VINES. G J. PEED AND SONS, Roupell Park. Tulse Hill Station. S.E. T ARGE PALMS, &c.— To be sold cheap, for -1-i -want of room, 30 large Phcenix reclinata, 1000 Areca hitescens and Latania borbonica, in 48"s; 10,000 Latauias, out of stoves, and in thumb-pots ; and 200 large Aspididistras in 24*3. Address : HERBERT TITE, The Nurseries, Hampton-on- Thames. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED POTATOS has been sent out. It comprises all the finest varieties in cultivation, including several novelties. The quality is very fine, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wisbech. PRIMULA OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet, 6rf. and l;'. Large Trade packets, 2s. 6(i.,5s., UJs. 6rf.,and 21s. each. Primrose. Old Double Crim- son Pompadour: see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct., 1888, and also Hartland's " Year Book " of Seeds for 1889. Magnifi- cent plants, 15s. per dozen. Is. Gd. each. Helianthus plenus, new double quilled or Hartland's " Soleil d'Or." a new plant to English gardens, the flowers very double, more orange in tone than yellow, and quilled after the manner of a Cactus-Dalilia. As a perpetual blooming plant has few equals, plants in si; e resembling Clumps of Lily of the Valley, 2s. 6rf. each, post-free. See Hartland's " Year Book" of Rare Seeds for 1889. Pos^frte. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Seedsman, Cork. Wf GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; Y T • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce ; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 6s., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILIUM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs. Ad., Qd., ioii3, Interesting, and RclinbU' Iiiform'\tiLjii. Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. FRUIT TREES. Special Culture, so Acres ; Slock QUITE UNEQAUI.LED. Write for Catalogues. INSPECTION INVITED. DIGKSONS, The Nurseries, (Limited). CHESTER. LITTLE ^BALLANTYNE, NURSERYMEN AND SEEDSMEN TO THE QUEEN, AND H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES CARLISLE, Hare the pleasure to announce that their Uescriptive SEED CATALOGUE for 1889 is now published, and will be posted free to any address, on application. It contains ; — VEGETABLE SEEDS— of superior and selected stocks. FLOWER SEEDS— from Prize Strains. SEED POTATOS— specially grown for seed on new land. Collections of the above from 6s. to £5 6s. EVEIiY REQUIREMENT FOR THE GARDEN. All Orders over 5s, Carriage Paid. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of finest named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offtr at an unusual sacrifice, growinc on land sold to a speculator wlio is Cutting up the Estate. These pltints {under pressure to give po^^^essiun) are offered at a loss of 50 to 75 per cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE, BagBhot. SHARPE'S VICTOR POTATO. CAUTION, MESSRS. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford, Lincolnshire, wish to caution liuyers of the above Polato to see that they are supplied with the true variety, as many spurious stocks are offered under the name of A'ictor, and great disappointment has ensued. TIiK true VICTOR, as sold by Me'J'^ra. ClIARLES SHARPS & Co., is a medium-sized flattish-oval. smooth-skioneW variety, with very shallow eyes and yellow flesh— extremely early, producing Potatos fit for use in eight or ten weeks from planting. Large quantities of a later, rough-skinned, round wliite-tleshed Potato have been soUl for it by some houses. To secure the true kind apply either to CHARLES SHARPE AND CO., or to a firm sujiplied direct from them. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. FENCES-MYROBALANorCHERRY PLUM (,PKUNUS MYKOtiALANAi ly the l.i-st .stutl fur mending nl,l fences or making new ones. Uruws well on poorest suils. Shoots very hard aud spiny. — Prices and lull particulars on application to EWING & CO., HaTant, Hampshire. UTBUSH^S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurseryraeu and Seed Merchants, HiBhirnf*' NuTHeries. N (( CANNELL'S IJ TT IS A SICTTLED QUESTION that our J- Seeds (200 Acres), owing to our sunuy position, warmer climate, and better soil, are a lot the be-^t, the difference he tween them and those grown fartluT north, bought and sold half-a-dozen times by those mIio never grow a grain ii im- mense. Have them direct from us, the ACTIfAL GKUWEKS, at nearly wholesale prices, effecting a great saving. It'unierous First-class Certificates the last quarter of a century stamp ours the best strains. All seeds Carriage Free, except heavy kinds. Seiul for ours, the le^t Illustrated Catalogue ever issued. E. H. PeabSE, Esq., Foxlet/ Jj}dge, Purley, Surrey, January il, 18»y. " I was about ordering my Seeds from the Stores when your Catalogue arrived, and as there is so very little difference in prices, I will tliank you to execute my order. I should cer- tainly prefer doing business with you ; there is no doubt about your Seeds being first-class." E. Eastman, Esq., Hadley, High Barnit, January 26, 1889. " Many thanks for your new Catalogues, which are quite a work of art." SEED GliOWERS and MERCHANTS, SWANLEY, KENT. "MANCHESTER" SEEDS. FOR THE GARDEN AND THE FARM. Uiisurpa^cd lor Quality, Tiirity, ami Gerrairmtiaii. CARRIAGE PAID. Descriptive Priced Catalogue post-free. DICKSON & ROBINSON, SIvED ,\nvRCHANTS JND NURSERY.MEN, 12, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, ALd you will pronounce IJiriu (he Kfst in the Market, as nout; but genuine, good, new sea-on'a seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Haa been pronouncej tiie most complete aud economical system of supt-Iyiiig si-c'ds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower S,■,.(i^ in Penny Packets ; al-0 by weight and me.uure at lowest price Al«o a Select Liat of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustratiom) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES^i CO, The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, JOUCHBOROUCH, LEICESTERSHIRE. ROSES, robustly grown, many thousands to select from. CATA- LOGUE on application. The Nurseries, DIGKSONS, (Limited.) CHESTER. ANTHONY WATERER INVITKS AN INSPFCTION FKOM INTENDING I'LANTKHS To THE FOLLOWING TREES, HitviiKj stout strai'jltt steins, fine heads, and sptemUd roots. Ail have been transplanted wU/tin no years: — ACACIA BESSONIANA, 12 to 14 feet; A, SEMl'ERFLO- KENS. \i to U feet; ACER DASYCARFtIM, la to II) teet: A. tlASVCAKl'UM WIEUII LAt:INIATA, 10 to 14 feet: A. NEUIINUO VARIEGATA, Standards. « to 10 feet- A. LEO- 1-cil.IllI. IJtoltfcet; A.REITENBACHII, IJto M feet- A. SCIlWKIJLEKn. 12 to 10 feet; A. WllKl.KYH. Mindards, 12 to 14 te.t. ASH, .Moiiulaiu, lu to 14 f.-et. UEECH. Coiumoll, In to IL' feet; rurple. Pyramids and StandardH, In to Iti feet. lilRCH, Silver, 13 10 16 feet. CHESTN LIT. Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double Wliite. lu to 16 feet; Scarlet, In to 16 feet; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIMES, 12 to 16 aud 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LlliUIUAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet: PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR liOLLEANA, lu to 16 feet: P. CANADENSIS NOVA (tlie true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet; I'urple, 14 lo 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, S to lu feet; White, 8 to lU feet WALNUTS, Common, lu to 12 fe.l. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramula and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH. Young's Weeping. Pyramids ami Stuu(tards. 8 to 14 ft. ELMS. Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 8 lo lU feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. I'OPLAR. Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, lU to 12 feet. SOPlIOR.i JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards. 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKINO, SURREY. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACHES. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES. PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and otlier FRUIT TKKHM, on Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Buslies, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, eicellcnt Canea, Xs.id., 6s., 7s. 6rf., 10.s. 6rf. Orchard House Trees in [lot-s, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES, &c., from bs. EIQS from .■5s. id. DESCRiriTVE LIST, containing a skclch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainiige, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under t>lass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesll, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c., free by [>ost. & GO,, RICHARD SMITH WORCESTER. TO THE TRADE. OUR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE lla^t now betMi Posted ; it not received, send fur mir AND COMPARE PRICES. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, Seed Mirchants, HART STREET, CO\'ENT OARDEN, LONDON, W.C. Febkcakv 2, 1S8',).] THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE. 133 NEVV^ ROSES FOR 1889. WM. PAUL & SON, ROSE GROWERS by APR OINTMENT to HER MAJESTY the Q UEEN, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS, Beg to announce tho following Now Koses, for which tlioy are booking Orders, to be executed when the plants are ready, iu May next : — MARCHIONESS OF LORNE (HP.) This beautiful Kose, dedicated by special permission to Iler Royal Highness the Princess Louise' JIarchioness of Lome, produces flowers of an exceedingly rich and fulgent rose-colour, slightly shaded in the centre with vivid carmine They are large, very sweet, full, and of finely cupped shape, petals large, and buds long and handsome. It is specially remarkable for its truly " Perpetual " haliit, every shoot being crossed with a flower-bud. Price 10s. (iil. *' Her Royal Highness (the PriDcess Louise) visiteii a Flower Show hehi in the grounds o£ ttie Institution, consisting of a beautiful display of Cut Roses grown at the Nursery of Messrs. Paul & Sou. Waltham. where she graciously allowed the Oiime of ■ The Marchioness of Lome ' to he given to one of Mr. Paul's new seedlings, a large Rose of a bright carmine colour." The Time:;, July 7. 1S«8. " A promising self rose-coloured variety, of massive build, full, handsome, and showy ; it possesses a desirable and distinctive character." The Garden. .Tnly 28. 1888. " A very proniisirg Hybrid Peapetual, the flowers large, full, and of fine form, the colour rich rose-crimson." Gardeners' .Magazine, July L'S, 1888. SAPPHO (Tea-scented). Firsf-class Certificates frojn the Hoyal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies. Ends fawn colour suffused with rose, the opening flowers shaded with yellow and tawny bxiff, centres deep bright yellow; large and full, globular. This very distinct and handsome Rose is of vigorous growth, good habit, and is exceedingly hardy ; it produces its blooms with extraordinary profusion even for a Tea-Rose ; the petals are large and of great substance, and we know of no variety that holds its flowers so long in good condition, both on the plant and when cut. Price, lOs. 6d. "An exceedingly line Tea scenteii Rose, which promises to be of immense value both in the garden and on the exhibition stage." Gardeners' Mag>7zine. May 19, 1888. " Sappho, the new Tea Rose, so well exhibited by Messrs. Wm. Paul & Son, i3 a variety that can hardly fail to take a high position amouc the denizens of our Rose gardens." The Garden, June 9, 1888. *' Sappho has prettily shaped flowers, very full and deep, and of a warm apricot^yellow, and perfumed with the delicious scent characteristic of the old Gloire de Dijon. As a pot bush it is uncommonly vigorous, and the large number of flowers and buds ^how it to be a free flowerer." London Letter in " Garden and Florist " (A'ew York), August 8, 188S. *' Sappho, a new Rose (Tea), yellow and flushed pink, was very fine." Gardeners' Chronicle, May 19, 1838. WHITE LADY (Hybrid Tea). This we believe to be the handsomest of al! the white or light coloured sports from Lady IMary Fitzwilliam which have hitherto appeared. The flowers are not quite so full as the parent variety, but are even larger in size, and of beautiful semi-cupped form, with magnificent, creamy-white Magnolia-like petals. It originated in our nursery here, and whilst under trial has proved perfectly constant, and has excited imiversal admiration on the part of all who have seen it. Price, 3s. dd. WHITE PERLE (Tea-scented). A pure white sport from the well-known Perle des Jardins. Price and further particulars on application. Priced Descriptive CATALOGUE of the above, and other ENGLISH and FOREIGN NEW BOSES in the press, and wiU be forwarded, when ready, post-free, on application. PAUL'S NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS. HERTS. FRIDAY NEXT. CHOICE IMPORTED ORCHIDS. CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM. VANDA AMESIANA. MESSES. PROTHEEOE and MOERIS will SELL by AUCTION", at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G., on FRIDAY NEXT, February 8, at half-past 12 precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low cS: Co., a very large quantity of the very lovely CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM, well described in the Gardeners' Chronicle, January 5, as a noble distinct Cypripedinm, and a grand novelty ; VANDA AMESIANA, from a new locality, may possibly prove to be a variety, as the plant appears to attain an unusually large size, and one speijimen was seen by the collector with just on 600 individual buds on eight flower-spikes, and he is of opinion that it is the grandest Vanda known. Also fine plants of VANDA CCERULEA, CtELOGYNES, and other Choice ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. '"pilE DUKE bf NORTHUMBERLAND'S J- llfiitl GnrJsncr says :-'■ CAKTEK'S CRIMSON liEET IS spleiiiliii for early Urtf." Vricc, in sealpd papkots. !.■;. (i'/. and 2s. ed.. iiosl-frcp, trora 2.17. Higll Ilolboro. London. '■PREES and SIIUUBS suitable for Towns and -• Smoky Di»t.riol,a. CATALOGUE tree on application, — RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchanls, Worcester. c To tbose about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, oom- .i V v>riHi"K lino Tninsplnntpd Fruit Treoa. Koses, Hanly Climbers. Rhododendrons. Conifers. Ornttmental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, &c.. in large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free OQ application to GEO. JACKMAN and SON. Woking Nursery. Surrey. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. EOEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinhnrg, Germany. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity i~\i Road. Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention ot Gentlemen and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS. ROSES, ,ind CLIMHING PLANTS. &o.. which are in fine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 miles, CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Uu'lerwood. lutending planters hIiouIiI hpikI for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nureeryraen and Seed Merchants, Worceeter. SEED POTATOS. — Gentlemen's Gardeners and others requiring a thorough change of Seed, will do well to send for estimate, stating sorts and quantities required, and save 25 per cent. pOOKING POTATOS.— A few tons of very vy choice Cooking Potatos for sale, cheap, by sack or ton. S imple gratis. BRINKWORTH and SONS. Growers, Reading. To the Trade. UICKS or WHITE THORNS, about ^ 2.0U0. 000 to offer. Splendid strong fibrous rooted stnH can be supplied as follows, for cash on rails : — 2-yr.-old, 7s. per 1000; 3-yr.-old. grand stuff, principally 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, lOs. per lOOO ; 4 and .5-yr.-old, transplanted, 15s. and 20s. per 1000; picked for gap stopping, 30s. per 1000. PRIVET, los., 20s., 30s., and 40s. per 1000. BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 feet, 40s. per lOOi) ; 5s. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Post-oflBce Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE. Nurseryman, &c., Riverford House. Biggles- wade, Bedfordshire. THE MARQUIS of CflOLMONDELEYS Head Gardener says :—" CARTER'S SOLID IVORY CELERY is dwarf, compact, solid, and crisp." Price, in sealed packet, Is. and 2b. Qd., post-free, from 237, High Holbom, London. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and triie to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS E. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. Tlie Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The motit complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 6s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. Q V To the Trade. VEGETABLE and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL QUOTATIONS for all the best kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS grown this«eason from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices will be found advantageous to purchaser t Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. RIMROSES.— 15 distinct varieties of Double Primrose, one flowering- pi ant of each for 8s. The common varieties of Double Lilac. Double White, and Double Yellow, 2s. per dozen. PRIMULAS.— 50 distinct varieties of Primula, one flowering-plant of each for 25s. CATALOGUES free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS. Nurseries, Aberdeen. To the Trade. POTATOS for SEED. MYATT'S PROLIFIC EARLY ASHLEAF KIDNEY, splendid stuff; a large quantity to offer at 90s. per ton, on rails ; 5s. per cwt. do. Also BEAUTY OF HEBRON, at 90s. per ton ; 5s. per cvrt. WHITE ELEPHANT, at 80s. per ton ; 4s. 6^. per cwt, EARLY ROSE, very fine, at 80s. per ton ; 4s. 6rf. per cwt. SCHOOLMASTER (Turner's True), at 90s. per ton ; 5s. per cwt. SUTTON'S EARLY REGENT (True), at 90s. per ton ; 5s. per cwt,, on rails, for cash. Sacks to hold 1 cwt,, rtd. each; do., 2 cwt., striped, at9d. each ; do., 2 cwt. 4 lb. sacks, at Is. each. Many other kinds can be supplied. Special price CATA- LOGUE on application. Cheques and Post-office Orders made payable to FREDERICK GEE, Seed Grower and Merchant, Riverford House, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. 134 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEBBDABr 2, 1889. THE BEST WHITE CELERY. SUTTON'S WHITE CEM CELERY. UnfjuestioDiibly tlie beat Dwarf White Celery, and the earliest in cultivation. Sticks unusually close and firm, and edible almost to the leaf. It is sweet, crisp, and possesses a fine nutty llavour. Per packet, Is. 6d„ post-free. " Your White Gem Celery is the beat I have ever grown, solid, crisp, sweet, and nut-like in flavour." Mr. Thos. JUBY, Gardener to the Kev. C. J. EolSKSOX. THE BEST RED CELERY. SUTTON'S SULHAM PRIZE CELERY. Of medium growth, with large heart, solid, ctisp, juicy, anJ of fine Walnut Havour. Has gained numerous prizes. Per packet, Is, 6d., poat-free. " With reference to the question as to which is the best Celery for general cultivation,"! must say that according to my experience, the balance is infiivour of Sulham Prize. I have grown this variety during the p;i5t ten or twelve years, and I Imve come to the conclusion that for table and also for exhibition it is by far the best of the varieties I have grown." E, Burdkn, The Gardens, Wake Greeii House, Mosdc]/, " Gardeners' Maijazine," April 7. l&SS. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROlHSUTTDNSSONS.READING. Orders value 20s. Carriage Free. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICnLAES ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limiteilj- ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; ■11 the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. RHODODENDRONS. All tlie leading Imrdy nniiied kindii. mostly buddi'd, 18.':.,245., 30.5. to 40s. per dozen. S\veet->icented (ireenhou'je varieties, well-budded, 2s. Qd., 3s. Qd. to 5s. each. AZALEAS. ^Azalea mollis seedling", W-H-buddrd, Ss. to 9s. per dozen; ^Os. to (iOs. per 100. Ghent aud other varieties, Tvell-budded, 18s, to 24s. per dozen. Also GENERAL NURSERY STOCK in the finest condition. CATALOGUES free on application. ISAAC DAVIES £& SON, Nurserymen, Ormsklrk. VEITCH'S CHOICE NOVELTIES OF PROVED EXCELLENCE. VEITCH'S NEW ASTER, EMPRESS. CRIMSON AND WHITE. Two magnificent new varietie.-f, ■which fur ^ize, substance, and beauty far surpass all other varieties. Each, per packet, is. 6d. VEITCH'S NEW ASTER, DIADEM. A lovely and most desirable new typ-' of Aster of strik- ingly attractive appf.-arance, and the hite!;t tlowcriiiif vLiriety. Particularly valuable for cutting. Per packet, Is. 6d. KALANCHOE GARNEA (NEW). First-class Certificate Royal flortifuHural Society. A strikingly beautiful winter-bluomiiig plaut. bearing Utrge clusters of delightfully fragrant pink flowers. Per packet, Is. 6d. POPPY, THE SHIRLEY. Exceedingly graceful and elegant large flowers of most beautiful shades of colour, ranging from blush-white to bright crimson. Per packet, Is. VEITCH'Snew PRIMULA, SNOWFLAKE. First-class Ccrti/icote Roijnl Horticxilturnl Society. The finest pure white Fern-leaved variety. Flow ers large, of tine form, massive substance, and exquinitely fimbrintcd at edge, well displayed above the dark green, beautifully curled foliage. Per packet, 33. 6d. \^^ For full descriptions of the above and oilier Choice A'ohclties, see HEED CATALOGUE for 1889, forwarded Po.st-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, -without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white t-kin. It is one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. FINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round vet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. Tlie most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withing- ton, Hereford. griiimiiiiiiriiiiminiiii iirimiiirMimiiuiiiriiiiiiiitimiitMiMiiiiitii.iuiiii'g I PLANTING SEASON. | I HARDILY-GROWN I j#OREST, ^RUIT,i = i ALL OTHER = I TREES Z, PLANTS, | I Evergreens, Roses, &c.| j NUliSKRIKS 400 ACRES. | \Larijest it Finest Stocks in i?«roj)c. | i INSPKCTION EARNESTLY INVITED. = Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. Estimates a all particulars on application. = llilMITi;!!!. = i TI«c ]Xurseri«'s, | i '•^'■^i''r™"/°;™-'"''rMsons Chester. | BictdimimiiiiiiniiiMiiiiiiiiiDiiiiiiiiiiiit iiiiu itiiiiiil WEBBS' NEW PRIMULAS. WEBBS' MODESTY WEBBS' PURITY WEBBS' ROSY MORN ... WEBBS' SCARLET EMPEROR . WEBBS' EXQUISITE (mixed) . ALL FLOWER SEEDS . 2/6 & 5/- per pkt . 2 6 a 5 - per pkt. . 2 6 & 6 - per pkt. . 2 6 & 5- per pkt. ■ 1 6 & 2, 6 per pkt. POST-FKEK. from Mr. W. W. CRUMP. Gitrdenrr to the Jtight Hon.tliC Earl of Bemicham.p, " Wrbbs' New Primula 'Modesty' is a real gem, most rtorifcrous. of gooil habit, and cliaste in colour, as its iippropriate name .suggests." WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Bemdifidhi mustrntcd. Postfrcc\s. Grntixta Ciulouiers. WEBB&SONSWORDSLEY.STOURBRIDCE TREES, FLOWERS, AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, For the EL-st KILSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For llic ISrst SEEDS, BULBS, (i.-. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, For tlic Best FKHIT TKEES ami GR.II'E VJNES PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, Fur llic Best EX'KKUKEENS, I'ark and Ho.ulside TKEES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, LAI'AIIEKI.IS, S;e. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, close to the Walthnm Cross Station. Great Eastern Rnilwiiy (liulf an liour from London.) INSPECTION IN^■ITKD. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues free. Gi'"ds Paclicd by fs/jcrtcnced hands for all part-! of (he Wurld. Observe the Chrifttan lunnc. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the ftueen, Tree, Plant, Bulb, and Seed Merchants. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offuved for Sale, The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits po.st-fri'e. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. ' THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWOKTH, HERTS. Febbdaey 2, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 135 Chas. SHARPE C0.'S SPECIALTIES, 1888-9. SHAHPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per ! pint packet. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 6d. per pint. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. 63. per pint packet. Is. 6(1. per * pint packet. SHABPE'S PEA. 2s. per quart packet. Is. per pt. pkt. SHAKPE'S PEA. 2s. per quart packet. Is. per pt. pkt. SHARPE'S PEA. 2s. per quart. Is. per pint. VICTORY. First-class Certificate, R.H.S., Nw?Lt. This mnguificent variety surpasso.s evePYthiii^ wo have ever seeu. The habit of the plant is viRoruus ami much braiKlietl. I'ods proiiiiced in pairs, oi'Ca- sioually lliree together. well tilU'il with large IVas. teo to eleven, of extra fine flavour, anil deep green I'olour when cooked. Height a feet. EMPRESS. Au improved Ne Plu-i Ultra. Deep green potlsof immense size, coutaiuing ten or more fine large deep green Peas, of oxtiuisite flavour. Height 5 feet. QUEEN. A grand Blue JIarrow ; height 2 feet. Pods large, deep green, Mith large, green, deliciously navoured Peas. It is -so continuous a cropper that a con- stant supply may be maintained by it alone after the first crop is ready, SIRF. A. MILBANK. A raagniliceut, large, llliie Wriiikleil Marrow. IVas exl ni large — deep green. Very lianly. Height 5 feet. SHARPE'S POTATO. 6d. per pound. SHARPE'S POTATO. 6d. per pound. SHARPE'S POTATO. 23. 6d. per stone. SHARPE'S BROCCOLI. IB. 6d. per pkt. SHARPE'S BROCCOLI. Is. per packet. SHARPE'S BEAN. Is. per pint. SHARPE'S CUCUMBER. 2s. per packet. TRIUMPH. \ fine Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Mar- row, fine flavoured and heavy cropper — sixty-nine Pods, with nine'loi'leven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. PARAGON. Hardiest and earliest large Wrinkled Marrow. Successive crops can be liad for four months. tirst-class Certificate H.H.S., 1884. STANDARD. The finest round Potato ever sent out. Au extraordinary cropper, flesh white, mealy, and of excellent flavour; handsome large flattish-round tubers. VICTOR. The earliest, quickest, and most productive kind for forcing or early planting— ready for table in from six to eight weeks. DUKE OF ALBANY. Most valuable main crop variety — good to use from Julv to March. MONARCH. Firm clear heads of great weight, large; pure white: often 12 to \b inches in diameter, and attaining prices in the Market up to 9s. per dozen. Season. March and April. SELECTED WINTER. All improvement upon Osboru's- Dwarf, with firm, pure white heads. Ready foi use from the middle of No- vember forward. CONQUEROR. The longest- podded variety known. Pods often 16 to IS inches long. Fine for Exhibition. EPICUREAN.I The most prolific, earliest, deepest in colour, and finest in flavour of any variety gro^vn. Fruit long and very handsome. It is simply perfection. SHARPE'S BEET. Is. per packet. EMPEROR. The finest of the glossy-leaved va- rieties used for bedding. Leaves mp- tallic in appearance and very deep in colour. The root is deep red, without rings, and very rich in flavour. SHARPE'S TOMATO. Is. per packet. ECLIPSE, A remarkably prolific variety. Fruit globular, smooth, growing in large clusters at every joint ; exquisite fla- vour. colour bright cherry-red. SHARPE'S ONION. 13. 6d. p. packet. PRIZE WHITE SPANISH. The best type of the Banbiiry gectiOD of Onions. For fnU description, tee Descriptive CATALOGVE of SHARPES SEEDS, imstr/ree on application. Trade price? on demand. CHAELES SHARPE «& CO., S LE AFORD. B.S.WILLIAM'S NOVELTIES AND SPECIALITIES FOR 1889. NEW ORNAMENTAL LEAVED BEKT, McGregor's favourite. Awarded First-class Ctrtijicate hij the Bayal Hart. Society. Per Packet, Is. MIMULUS, MUSK SCENTEDT Per Packet, 2s. 6cl. MIMULUS, FINEST MIXED, Per Packet, Is. GLOXINIA, GOUVILLE STRAIN, Per Packet, 2s. 6d. FRANCOA APPENDICULATA, Per Packet, Is. ed. AGERATUM, ADA BOWMAN, Per Packet, Is. 6d. CYCLAMEN, GIGANTEUM AURORA, Per Packet, 2s. 6d. and 6s. PENTSTEMON, EXTRA CHOICE MIXED, Per Packet, Is. PRIMULA, MAGENTA QUEEN, Per Packet, 2s. 6d. and 5s. STOCK, INTERMEDIATE CRIMSON GEM, Per Packet, Is. and 2s. 6d. STOCK, TEN-WEEK CRIMSON KING, Per Packet, Is. 6d. Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1889, Gratis and Post-free on application. NEW EDITION, Corrected up to Date, THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price M., Post-free S^d. W. RICUARDH, -11, Wellington Street, Strana, London, W.C, Now ready. In clotli, lis. 6d. mSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. IV., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. EICHAMJS. 41, Wellincton Street, Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1889. I G H T H A M MOT E. [Seb Sdpplembntabt Sheet.] "YYTHILE the beautiful county of Kent claims ^ ' by the richness of its soil and the varieties of its culture to be the garden of England, it is also rich in other things, specially in the records of the past. Some are interested in antiquities — well, we can point in St. Martin's at Canterbury to probably the oldest church in the kingdom with the exception of Perraczabuloe, in Corn- wall. Do we want to see magnificence in ecclesiastical architecture of past centuries ? What more glorious example of it does England afford than the cathedral of Christ Church, Canterbury ? Then, do we want to know about the castles wherein our forefathers played, I fear too frequently a cruel game ? — we can show them Richborough and Lymne, Rochester and Dover • and of our feudal lords, such residences as Penshurst, Leeds, Hever— the two latter with their moats and drawbridges, portcullis, and other means of offence and defence. But perhaps that which most interests us is "the domestic " architecture, when stucco was un- known, when contractors did not scamp their work, and when builders oftentimes, perhaps, unknowingly to themselves, were putting toge- ther buildings which were to excite the admir- ation of all succeeding ages — such houses, for instance, as Godinton Park, near Ashford, a lovely specimen of Tudor architecture, and in the Mote, Ightham — a piece of old English architecture that I have never seen excelled. While its memories are fresh upon me I would note some of its features, not to satisfy the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, but, like a critique on some valuable book, to imjuce them to see for themselves. It is not dillicult of access. Wrotham lies on the London, Chatham and Dover line to Maidstone, and flys can readily be obtained there. The drive of al)Out 4 miles i.i through a richly wooded and pretty country of hill and dale, Hop gardens, orchards, and corn fields. 136 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febrcaey 2, 1889. Tghtham Mote is situated in a valley, and has a beautiful surrounding of wooded hills. Like many of our old houses it has passed through many vicissi- tudes, and like most it has been, through sale or mar- riage at timea,in the possession of different families. Without dwellingon the times of the Conquest, when it, (as every old house is supposed to have done), becamt- the possession of one of those sturdy warriors of William, who made short work of the properties which they found existing, and short shrift of their owners — we may come down to the comparatively recent times of about 300 years ago, when the property was sold to Sir AVilliam Selby, of Branston, in Northumberland, in whose family it has remained ever since. The father of the present owner bears a name which is not yet forgotten amongst lovers of natural history, as he published a book on British Birds which involved him in considerable losses, and crippled his means of living; he also published a volume on British Forest Trees. Most of the moated houses one sees seem as if they had been built on an artificial mound, or that the mound or fosse had been dug out around them ; but Ightham seems literally to be built in the water, out of which it rises sheer, and which is in some places several feet deep. The water is supplied, not by springs, but by a strong stream, which comes down from the hills above, first filling the stew-])onds, and then carried underground until it empties itself into the moat, so that there is the continual sound of rushing water, and lazy young gentlemen have been known to lay on their couches and fish out of the windows. On entering over the bridge into the house you seem at once transported into the home of some powerfullandowner of the sixteenth century ; there is nothing to mar the illusion, and when you enter the courtyard you quite expect some of the grand dames of the period to be seen at the windows. On the walls of this yard many beautiful creepers — Clematis, Tropasolum, Solanum jasminoides, &c. — have been trained. Ferns revel in the shady nooks, and the whole has a beautiful gar- denesque, but at the same time quaint old-world look, which is perfectly delightful. Here in the tower is a very old clock, very much out of time, and of which it is recorded that James Nas- myth, who used frequently to visit this place, tried his hand at repairing, but all in vain. " There, now — to think," quoth he, " that I have invented the steam-hammer, and cannot master this old timepiece." The hall, which occupies the place of the old chapel, is very beautiful ; and as you go through the house and see its Jacobean chimney-pieces and its crypt and chapel of far older date, nothing strikes you as incongruous. It is now occupied by an American lady who must greatly rejoice in the old-world memorials around her. Passing out over one of the three bridges to the grounds one is delighted to see that, except in a very small nook which is not much in sight, the old- fashioned style of gardening is still maintained. Very often it is otherwise. I call to mind, for in- stance, a beautiful Tudor house in this county which is vulgarised, and as far as possible its eifect marred, by an odious arrangement of flat beds in the very worst style of the Victorian era, filled with scar- let Pelargoniums, yellow Calceolarias, &c. Looking up the valley you see where the stream rushes down, and immediately in front of you is the lawn, at the end of which are the stew-ponds where the fish used to be fattened for the table. On the right are terrace walks, the top one of which is hid by some tall plants of Yucca, in flower, at the time of my visit and Bocconia cordata, and such-like tall-growing plants planted in the borders ; then these borders, as well as those on the right hand, are filled with either old-fashioned plants, or else some of the newer ones, such as Clematis Jackmanni, treated as our forefathers used to treat their plants, allowing them to grow more naturally than seems to be the taste of the present day, although the effect is quite delightful. Here and there are such things as the Japanese Bamboo to be seen ; Conifers, too, although not in abundance, are evidently at home. There is one very fine specimen of the Silver Fir, of which I do not know the height, but should judge it to be above 100 feet. In point of gardening, there is nothing sensa- tional at Ightham — indeed, the modest amount of labour expended would hardly warrant it — but Mr. Ismay most thoroughly appreciates the character of the place, and would be the last to wish for any- thing that would destroy its almost unique character. Wild Rose. New or Noteworthy Plants, — — -« — IXIANTHES EETZIOIDES (Fiu. 19). Many years ago, the late Dr. Harvey, in figuring this plant in his Thesaurus Capemis, t. 00, spoke of it as well worth introducing into England, but up till now this has not been done. It isa Scrophulariad of shrubby habit ; the leaves are densely crowded, in ternary whorls, each leaf linear-lanceolate, toothed. The flowers are not unlike those of a Pentstemon, but bright yellow. Professor MacOwan, of the Botanic Gardens, Cape Town, in writing to us some time since, says : — " I send you by this mail a pencil sketch of I.xi- anthes retzioides, one of the rarest of our Cape Western plants. It appears to have been gathered by our predecessors Ecklon and Zeyher, and long afterwards by the late Dr. Pappe, who died in 1862. Mr. Kobert Templeman, a nurseryman here, who knows the showy plants of our flora very well, found a solitary plant in 1882 or 1883, and my colleague. Bolus, dropped upon the very same one some year or 80 afterwards, when it was almost destroyed by the cutting of a water-furrow. I have hunted for other examples every summer since. This year alter my return from an unsuccessful raid, the farmer on whose property the locality is, found a small colony of I he shrub, some examples being 6 feet high, and magnificently in flower. I secured a large quantity for distribution in our Herbarium Normale of Cape plants, and as Harvey's figure in the Thesaurus Capensis is taken from a depauperated plant, I have had this sketch (fig. 19) made to indicate the proper habit. It grows almost in the water, but in drier places becomes stunted and assumes exactly the habit represented by Harvey. The flowers are very numerous, and of a bright sulphur-yellow, like those of the old-fashioned Calceolarias. I shall return shortly to the spot and do my best to secure a good supply of seed in order that this fine thing may be introduced to cultivation. I expect the treatment suitable for Phygelius, a Scrophulariad which grows in much the same stations, will render it quite at home." Aeis^ma Weayi, Hans^ci/* This is rather an interesting species, belonging to a small group in which the leaves arise from one point of the tuberous rootstock, and the flower-stem from another point ; and I believe is the first recorded species of that group that has flowered in European cultivation, as in all the other cultivated species, the peduncle arises from the midst of the leaves. A. Wrayi is a native of Perak, where it was dis- covered by Mr. L. Wray, who sent dried specimens of it to Kew in 1884, and living tubers were received at Kew last year, one of which has just flowered. The pedate leaves are about two to three to each growth ; the petioles are 9 — 15 inches long, of a pale green or greyish, beautifully mottled with whitish, irregular bars, and densely dotted with red ; the leaflets are six to nine in number, 5 — 7 inches long, | — 1^ inch broad, on distinct petiolules ^ — 1 inch long, narrow, lanceolate-acuminate, of a pale, somewhat whitiih- green. Peduncle longer than the petioles, and coloured in a similar manner, with two to three membranous sheaths at the base, but without leaves. Spathe about 6 inches long; the tube is * Hemsley, in Journal of Botany, I8fi7, p. 206. white at the base, passing into light green, with darker]green nerves above, and hasa broad spreading rim, similar to that of A. nepenthoides ; the limb is broadly ovate-acuminate, and a little overarching, of a bright light green, with a white radiating area at the base. Spadix unisexual, the male only seen ; the flowering part white, thickly mottled with purple ; the anthers in clusters of three, shortly stipitate, whitish, with purple pores ; the appendix is 9 inches long, tapering into a subulate, pendulous apex, of a green colour. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew. SaTVRIUM MEMBRANACEtnH, SuUrts. To Mr. James O'Brien I am indebted for a living specimen of this pretty terrestrial Orchid, which is a native of the eastern parts of Cape Colony, such as at Graharastown, Katberg, Somerset East, Port Elizabeth, &c., and although it was discovered by Sparrman about a hundred years ago, and is not a ■ rare plant in the localities where it grows, it does not seem to have been introduced into European cultivation before ; at least I do not know that it is anywhere recorded as having flowered in Europe previously. Itjis something in the way of S. carneum in general appearance, but the flowers are smaller, with much longer spurs. The leaves are two in number, and subopposite, spreading close to the ground. They are roundish in outline, and vary from 1.J — 7 inches in diameter. The flower-stem grows from 9 inches to over 2 feet high, and has several close-pressed membranaceous sheaths. The bracts are ovate-lanceolate acute, and ultimately reflexed. The flowers are numerous, in an elon- gated spike, they are about half an inch to three- quarters of an inch in expanse, and varying from a delicate pink to bright rosy-carmine, with a darker keel on the back of the galea, which is denticulate and reflexed at the apex, and has slender spurs |— 1 inch in length ; the odd sepal and petals are linear-lanceolate, subacute, the petals being denticu- late or slightly fringed, the lateral sepals are broader and obliquely lanceolate. It is a very attractive and desirable plant, which can be pretty easily distinguished from the allied species by the denticulate or somewhat crisply-fringed petals. The flowers of the specimen Mr. O'Brien sent me were entirely of a very delicate rose-pink colour, but probably their paleness was owing to the absence of sunlight, although their very delicacy was exceed- ingly charming. Mr. O'Brien writes that the plant " sent up its spike outdoors, and opened in a cold house," and as it was sent to me quite fresh just before Christmas it must be a tolerably hardy species ; though with a little more dry heat and more sun- light than we had last year it will probably become more robust and more brightly coloured under culti- vation than was the specimen sent to me. As to the cultivation of these South African Orchids, concerning which Mr. O'Brien has published some notes recently in these columns, I think it cannot be too strongly urged that different species will probably be found to require difl'erent treatment ; and the view that, because a plant is a Disa, or a Satyrium, or a Eulophia, or what not, it should, therefore, be treated in the same way as the other species of the genus to which it belongs, will he found to be a fallacious one. For their perfect cultivation, in all probability, the conditions under which they exist in Nature, cannot be too closely imitated, and for this purpose the collectors should give full in- formation as to soil and habitats ; while some grow in vegetable or alluvial soil, others grow in pure sand, and it can scarcely be expected that the same species will thrive equally well in both kinds of soil. Broadly speaking, it seems to me, that those species which come from Natal and Cafl"raria, or that grow in woods or by river sides in the Cape colony will be found to require a more or less loamy, or sandy-vegetable soil ; and those that come from the lower coast region of the Cape Colony will require a very sandy soil ; in some cases they grow in pure sand, which is sometimes white, at others ferrugineous ; often the coarse sand is mixed with what appears to be a very FEBEfAKY 2, 1889.] THE GAIiDENEES' GIinONlCLE. 137 fine black vegetable mould, whilst those that come from the more interior regions, so fur as niv obser- vations go, — and I am only able to judge from tlie soil which clings to the roots of dried .specimens from it sliould be remembered that the seasons are tiie reverse of ours, the South African summer being our winter; also, that tlie rainy season of the coast region in tlie £outh-we&t of the Cape Colony is in Fig. 19.— ixiakthis r£tzioides : gseenhodse shucb : flowees tellow. (see p. 136.) these regions, and from what I have been told by Sir Henry Barkly, Mr. Bolus, and others,— often seem to grow in a ferrugineous, gritty clay, which seems composed of very coarse reddish sand, with a suffi- cient amount of clay to bind it together, though eometimes the clay seems to piedominate. Again, winter, that is, daring our summer; whilst in the interior region, and in the eastern districts, the rainy season is in summer, or during our winter. If I am wrong in these points, perhaps some of our South African friends will correct me. N. E. BroVin, Her- barium, Kew, EoMiicON ciiiON.iNTiu, Garden, Jan. 126, 1889. A very interesting and beautiful Poppy-wort, I'ecently discovered in Central China, with leaves in form like those of an Ivy-leaved Cyclamen, and an erect inflorescence like that of some Begonias. The individual flowers are nearly 2 inches across, and with four ovate or oblong-acute petals of a white Ime. It has been found hardy at Kew for the last two winteis. See also But. Ma;/., t. 0871. VIOLET CULTURE. Violets are cultivated more or less in almost every garden in some way or other, but there are many, even among practical gardeners, who have little or no experience of their cultivation in a thorough manner, and to such, perhaps, a few notes may be of some use. I have grown Violets in what is considered the best way at the present day for a good many years, and have attained a considerable amount of success. Hailing from north of the Tweed, and never having resided any furtlier south than the southern division of the county of West- moreland, my experiences maybe somewhat dirt'erent to those who res'.de in the south, but I am con- vinced, partly from experience and partly from reading, that the method of successful cultivation of the Violet is pretty much the same all over the British Isles. For convenience I will divide my notes into sections, giving the varieties, the prepara- tion of the ground, the period and manner of planting, what to do while growing, when to remove the ten- derer kinds into frames, how to prepare the frames, and other necessary instructions. The list of varieties I will give are those that I have grown in bulk, and which, for giving a good supply of blooms ought to satisfy any one. There are a number of other varieties of which I have only grown a few, and of which I cannot, therefore, speak with authority. DotjULB Varieties. Neapolitan.— h\j;ht lavender-blue. This I consider the sweetest of all Violets, and the most useful and profitable of any I have ever grown. I have picked blooms of it the last ten days in August, and could generally pick a bunch when dividing up the plants at planting out time some time in May. Count Brazza, white (sometimes called White Neapolitan), I find rather more tender than that variety, and it has a shorter period of flowering. It is a very beautiful variety, and well worth growing. Swanley White is just another name for it. Marie Louise. — Dark mauve, very large, free- flowering variety, which with me blooms as long as the Neapolitan, and is very sweet. These are the double varieties I have grown in bulk, and all require to be put into cold frames for the winter and early spring months ; it is utterly useless trying them outside. No doubt a few poor short-stalked flowers can be got from them, but they are a miserable bight, and I have seen them killed outright in some winters, and yet all the pro- tection tliey require is, a cold frame, with a mat or two thrown over the glass in severe weather, but this will be treated in a section by itself further on. Single Varieties. Common Blue Russian. — A very free-flowering kind. It has a long period of blooming, and when well cultivated, the flowers are of a good size. It is the hardiest violet in cultivation. CoMnwn White is a grand variety when well managed ; it is quite distinct from any white or blue known to me. It has grand, robust dark green foli- age, sometimes almost round. It has, too, a long blooming season. ITie Czar, blue, is a large flower, not very "pro- lific, yet it is very telling, and one can soon make a big bunch from comparatively few plants. W/iitc Czar is a strong grower, but I am not enamoured of it, and would rather exclude it from my list, and grow a large stock of common white ; still, it is worth growing, for the flo,.-ers are very pure in their whiteness. These are the single varieties I hav« tt 13S Ttit: GARDi^NERS' CUR ONI CL A\ [FEBRrABY 2, 1&89. grown largely; they are all thoroughly hardy, except White Czar, which I have not found to be so hardy as the others (it was nearly killed out with me last epring), but any one wishing jjlenty of flowers throughout the winter would do well to put some of the single kinds into frames. Giving to their foli- age being so much larger than the double kinds, they will require to be planted much thinner, other- wise their foliage will be much more subject to damp- ing— the great enemy of Violets in frames. Perhaps a list of all the varieties in cultivation known to me may be useful, as some may have heard certain of them praised which are not mentioned in the foregoing list, and may want to try them : — List or Vauietiks of Sweet Violets. Double . Neapolitan, light lavender-bliie, Marie Louise, darkish blue, or mauve, white eye. New York, similar to Marie Louise. Farma, pale lavender-purple. King of Violets, dark indigo-blue. Patrie, deep purple-violet. Count Brazza, white— White Neapolitan. Swanlev White, very like Count Brazza. Queen of Violets, white, tinted violet-rose. Smglc, Russian, blue, free-flowering, and hardy kind. Common White, vtry free-Howering and hardy. The Czar, blue, large flower, not very proliric. White Czar, pure white, like above, except colour. Victoria R>>gina, a grand flower, blue. Wellsiana. blue, a new variety said to be very fine. Odoratissiina, very like Victoria Regina. Argentiflora, white-tinged pink, has a long flower- ing season, strong perfume, said to be a first- rate variety. The above list ought to satisfy any one, and although some of these varieties are strangers to me, I think they may be taken as the best in existence. Cdltural Direction:^. The first consideration will be the preparation of the border or piece of ground where they are to be grown into strong flowering plants, to be afterwards lifted and planted into their flowering quarters for the winter and spring, be it frames or borders. Violets undoubtedly like a deep, rich, and rather free soil much better than a heavy soil. I have grown my plants for years on a border made up of turf to a depth of nearly thr«e feet. It is well manured every year with good rotten manure, and turned up roughly with the spade for the winter, the manure being put on before digging. Before planting it, it is simply stirred and well broken with a fork, gently trodden, and made level and smooth with the rake. In planting I use a long narrow plank for the planter to stand on, bo that no part of the ground is more trodden than another ; this I consider a very im- portant matter, especially if the weather at planting time be wet, as nothing thrives in a puddled soil. As the planter proceeds he waters every two or three rows as he goes on, still standing on the plank. At any time during growth, when it is f.mnd necessary to give water, the plank is laid down, the waterer standing on it, and watering three or four rows on either side of him; also in weeding and taking off the runners, the same rule- is observed, the [dank being lifted on to the next division, and so on till finished. The foregoing is my practice in preparing the ground, but there will be many amateurs who will not be able to spare a large space in which to grow their plants, and who perhaps may not want to grow more than a dozen or two; but whatever number may be grown, or what- ever space may be taken up, the ground should by no means be trampled on after the first preparatory treading, or at any rate not until some of the plants are bejjinning to flower, by which time the soil will be settled. Those who have the means and the will can easily make, or have made for them, a suitable border to grow their plants ; others again from various causes, may have to do the best they can with the soil they have. If it be very heavy and clayey, wood-ashes, sand, or any gritty rubbish, might be mixed with it, and instead of using heavy, wet, cow* manure, I should recommend light stable manure to be dug in during autumn, and that the soil be left as rough as possible, so that the frosts of winter may get well into it, which will help to mellow and sweeten it by planting time. Where the soil is light and sandy — indeed it may be altogether sand in some cases — I should then use cow manure as wet and heavy as I could get, and plenty of it too ; I know of nothing better, and if a few barrow-loads ot heavy soil could be obtained, I think a very good border might be made, but I do not recommend digging till well on in spring, say some time in March, putting in the manure at the same time ; and at planting time instead of forking it up I would simply level it with the Dutch hoe, treading it do.vn very firmly before planting. It will become necessary after a year or two to change the ground, cropping it with some- thing else fur a season. I am not jirepared to say that Violets would not grow well in a shady situation, bat I know that they like sun, I grow mine on a border facing t!ie east ; I have never grown them on a border facing the south, for fear that red-spider would be troublesome. I have there- fore chosen the lappy medium, and have not had any cause to regret it. J. Heath, ScdgewlcJc House, Nilntkorpe, West morelaiid. {7b be continnsd.) LONDON TEEES. ■ It will soon be time for the barbarians appointed to the task by the authorities (up to the present the Metropolitan Board of AVorks) to lop, top, and mutilate trees in London streets and open spaces according to the canons of taste in vogue. It is to be earnestly hoped, in the interest of that part of the community, whose taste for the beautiful has not quite become a quantity represented by x, that steps should be taken by the new men responsible for the department of open spaces in London, to hinder the barljarous work with saw and billhook. In my neighbourhood — a south-western suburb — to go no further — the young trees on the common were last year pruned in much the same fashion as a Cur- rant bush, and which has been the rule since they were planted in 1S35. The result is seen in little conical heads, full of small twigs, the general outline of a tree being a fac simile of those of a German toy. It is possible by banishing the " pruners " for all time that the trees would throw out vigorous branches — and grow into picturesque objects afford- ing shelter from the rain and sun to the many young and aged persons v/ho make use of the common and become a pleasant picture in a district rapidly gain- ing in importance. As proving what the soil of the district will do for Planes, one has but to observe the fine growth made by some Planes planted on the foot- path near this common, some twenty years ago, and which have bL'en consistently pruned occasionally. These thrifty trees afford shade to a pleasant prome- nade for a quarter of a mile, some of the trees are a little out of the perpendicular, but all the better for that, as the monotony of regularity is absent. In regard to planting trees in towns the advice nearly always given is to plant Planes, which are excellent town trees, must be taken with a caution ; the trees being strong growers, attaining a height of 70 feet. Some suburban authorities allow them to be planted in roads of no unusual width, and in such position the Planes in a short time shut out much of the small quantity of sunlight vouchsafed to Londoners, and this in the greater degree in summer- time, when a sunbath is of so great advantage, espe- cially to children. The planting of forest trees in confined streets and in forecourts is a common sin of the town gardener, and instances of it may be seen by the hundred in any of the suburbs of London and other cities. It is a question if this is not a subject which the sanitary authorities should take up on public grounds. It is true a mitigation of the evil is attempted, but the severe pruning the poor trees get in thus trying to make them fit unsuitable positions causes them to be anything rather than objects of beauty. It would be better to replace such trees by other species of smaller growth, and in some bad cases to have none. Of suitable trees for street planting and for front gardens may be mentioned :—Glcditschia sinensis, Paulownia iraperialis, Sophora japonica. Acacia inermis, A. Bessoniana, Weeping Willow, Thorns in variety, Catalpasyringxfolia, Mountain Ash, Almond, Amelanchoir botryapium, and Laburnum. [The Tulip-tree, Naples Alder, and many others might be cited. Eu.] Orchid Notes and Gleanings. UUCHIDS AT LYTHE HILL, IIASLEMERE. The Orchid-houses at this place are now looking very gay, although there are great demands for cut blooms. In the fiowering-house Calanthes make a fine show, over 200 spikes of C. Veitchii, C. vestita, C. v. lutea, and C. Turneri being noticeable, some bearing thirty fully expanded flowers and otiiers to open ; mixed with these are Cyi)ripediuni Sedcni, C. Lawrenceanum, C. barbatum, C. b. nigrum, C. venustum, and C. Harrisianum, with On- cidium Krameri and Zygopetalum Mackayi, with a pleasing arrangement of Palms and Poinsettias at the back. In the East Indian-house there is a fine lot of Pnalrenopsis I'abjut thirty plants) in robust health, which are making growth and fine foliage this season. Mr. Evans informs me that some of the leaver were only G inches long last year, and they are now 14 by 4 inches, and with spikes 3 feet long ; P. amabilis, P. Schilleriana, with good spikes and four branches ; P. Stuartiana, and P. violacea are flowering freely; P. grand i flora and P. Luddeman- niana are looking very promising; and a nice Vanda suavis with twenty-one pairs of leaves has two spikes of bloom (twelve blooms to each spike) ; V. tricolor suavis has a fine colour. There are also Odonlo- glossum Roe;ili and 0. R. album, charming winter bloomers, with a most delicate scent ; and also a fine plant of Angrrccum sesquipedale with seven pairs of leaves and four blooms of pearly-white. The Cattleya-house is made cheerful and gay with Cattleya Percivaliana, L^jHas, Epidendruras, Ccelo- gyne cristata, C. ocellata, and some of the warmer- coloured varieties of Masdevallias and Calanthes. The Odontoglossum-house is also gay, O. Alex- andria having good spikes witii forty-four blooms. O. Pescatorei, Cymbidium eburneum, Sophrouitis grandiflora, and Lycaste Skinneri ; Maxillariagrandi- flora, Odoutoglossum Rossii majus, O. pulchellum, Masdevallia tovarensis, with 207 fully expanded blooms on. M. Veitchii, J[. amabilis, and M. Liu- denii Davisii complete the display here. The centre walk is edged witli dwarf Poinsettias and Maiden- hair l'"erns. In the Dendrobium-house there may be seen a fine collection of healthy jilauts, and well set with buds, many just opening. IV. S. AnGU-I^CUM HVAI.OIDKS. This little Orchid is one of the numerous intro- ductions of Messrs. Low from Madagascar. It is one of the smallest and prettiest of its kind, and ia interesting also for the contrast it aflbrds to such of its allies as A. eburneum and A. sesquipedale. The leaves are only 2 inches long by ■,' inch broad, aiul from between the lower ones the numerous racemes are produced. A plant at Kew is now bearing twelve of these, each with from ten to twelve flowers. When spread out the flowers are half an inch in diameter, the spur being a little longer; all the parts are of n pure glistening white. Saccoladium dbllinum. This is one of tiie most beautiful Orchids flower- ing during the winter season, and in the houses at the present time no other more quickly arrests attention. In the beauty of its individual flowers it is probably the finest Saccolabium in cultivation, the i'-i 1880.1 TRt: (^AiiDE^ri^pS' cnnoNrcLH;. 139 only one I know approachin!; it being the rare S. bigibbnm. S. bellinnm produces its flowers in ii compact heail of from fonr to seven, each flower beins about l.f inch in diameter. The sepals and petals are oblong, and are yellow, thickly blotched with dark brown. The chief interest of the flower lies in the lip, which is saccate, the cavity being white, spotted with purple, and yellow at the base of the inner side ; at the front and sides there is a kind of ledge 1 inch long by half an inch wide, which is covered with white, thre.ad-like processes except on the centre, where it is marked by a patch of vellow. This species, an example of which is flon"ering now at Kew, slinuhl be grown in a basket of sphagnum and be suspended from the roof of the warmest house in a moist but not too shaded position. It is a native of Burmah, and was introduced in 1SS4. M.iSDKV.iI.I.1.1 POt.YSTICT.\. Numerous as have been the additions made in late years to the smaller-flowered Masdevallias, this species holds its place as one of the best. It is verv pretty, and during the dullest period of the' rear produces its racemes of seven or eight flowers in great abundance. At Kew several plants have been flowering for some weeks past. The sepils— of which the upper one is hood-shaped, and the lateral ones slightly reflexed— are broad at the base, suddeuly narrowing into filiform tails, an inch in length. The broader portion is white, profusely dotted with dark purple, and the tails are olive-green, spotted wiih purple. The species is a native of Peru, and is figured in the Botanical Ma/;a:iiie, t. 6368. Its free-flowering pro])erties and easy culture make it worth a place in every cool Orchid-house. CcnLOGTNE LENTIGTNOSA. Apparently this is not a well-known species, but it is, nevertheless, a very distinct and handsome one. The pseudobulbs are four-angled, about 4 inches high by half an inch in diameter, and bear two dark green coriaceous leaves. The flower-spikes are deve- loped during January and February fiom the points of the young growths. The flowers, of which five or six occur on the scape, are 2 inches in diameter ; in good varieties the sepals are of the brightest golden- yellow, the petals being smaller, and similarly coloured. The lip is three-lobed, the sides being crimson, and the front lobe yellow with a white margin. Lirown in the warmest end of an inter- mediate-house, imported pieces soon develope into flowering plants. They should be potted in a com- post of two-thirds peat to one of loam fibre and sphagnum. This species is a native of Teuasserim, and may now be seen flowering at Kew. W. B. OXCIDIUM JoKESIAXCTM VAR. FLAVEKS. A very line form with thick quill-shaped leaves, pendulous manv-flowered racemes, each flower about 2} inches in longest diameter, oblong flatfish sepals and tepals, oblong obovate, greenish-yellow with yellow spots, anterior lobe of lip rounded, white. The variety was described in our columns by Pro- fessor Reiehenbach, vol. iv., 3rd ser., 1888, p. 2.34, and is well figured in the Orchid Alhum, t. 360. CoMPAnE'ITIA FALCATA, A dwarf epiphyte with long-stalked 'racemes of magenta coloured flowers, each oblong, about an inch in longest diameter, sepals and petals small, ovate-acute, lip with a short stalk expanding into a roundish anterior lobe deeply notched in the middle. From the base the lip proceeds a conical spur about the same length as the lip itself. The plant is a native of Peru, and is figured in the Orchid Alhu'V^ t. 359. AN'onj;cc5i cAUDATrar. A very curious species, with flowers in racemfs, each flower about 4 inches across, flat, stellate, with linear-lanceolate sepals and petals of a green colour, brown at the base, and a lip, the long-channelled stalks of which expand into a roundish white disc, suddenly prolonged in the centre into a long point, and having at the base a very long, slender, cvlin- drical spur. The front of the anther is also prolonged into a long beak like a bird's bill. It is figured in Orchid Alhiun, t. 3.">S. Cattlkva niccn.oR ^[kasuuesiana. Flowers about 4 inches across, transversely ob- long; sepals and petals olive-green, leaves destitute of side-lobes, so that tlie column is exposed ; ante- rior lobe rounded, notched in the centre, fringed at Ihe edge ; disc rich magenta, with a white zone. A native ofBrazil. Williams, in Orchid Albiim,t. 357. M.vxii.LAniA okaxdifi.oua: a Dual Flowub. j\Ir. Sander sends us a flower of this species looking more like a double white Tulip or a small Magnolia than an Orchid. It is composed of fourteen parts instead of seven. We shall more ipiickly convey an idea of the state of alfaira by describing it from within (the centre) outwards instead of in the usual fashion. There are, then, two perfectly shaped columns placed vis-a-vis, free above the middle, united beneath. Outside these comes a row of six whitish petals, regular in size, shape, and arrangement ; then three more petals, and on the outside of all three sepals. The ovary is flattened and marked by eleven lobes. The inter- pretation, then, seems to he, that this is a composite flower, in which the actu.al number of parts (of two flov/ers) is not altered, but during growth the parts of one flower have, as it were, slid among and between the other: thus the two outer rows of three each belong to one flower, while the corresj^onding parts of the other flower are represented by the six petals now in a row, but which, in all probability, in the early stages of development, were in two rows. Lastly come the two columns. In most cases of synanthy the two flowers are in union side by side— 00 ; l>ut in this the two are median. thus, ^' DENDEomcji Calceot.aria. I have a plant of this Hendrobe in a 10-inch pot growing in a mixture of peat, sphagnum, broken charcoal, and potsherds, which made thi-ee very strong growths last seasons, the longest being 7 feet, and the the shortest between 4 and 5 feet long, and nearly as thick as my thumb. The night tempera- ture of the house in which this, with other plants, was grown during the last few months, was from 60° to 65°, with 5° higher by day with fire-heat, and with sun-heat, 10°, a liberal distribution of tepid water in the house being given .at closing-time. The plant has been kept on the moist side at the roots, and it flowers freely every year. I should like to know if the large growth made by this plant is uncommon, as I do not remember having seen such a fine growth before. W. NURSERY Notes. THE TOKllE AND BAHTON NURSERIES, TORQUAY. ToKQCAV, with its suburbs of Babbacorabe, St. Mary Church, Cockington, Ellacombe, &c,, for several years past, has given great facilities to the building trade for specul.ition ; mansions, villas, hotels, &c., have sprung up like mushrooms, at the same time opening up a considerable trade for the nurseryman, as the same characteristic manner of building detached residences in their own plot of land has necessitated the presence of the landscape gardener, and a large supply of trees and shrubs for embellishing the grounds. One of the oldest nurserymen, if not the oldest, of Torquay, Mr. V^. B. Smale, has this season become the proprietor of the triangular piece of land existing in the centre of Torre, about two minutes' walk from the Torre Station. For many years this land has been rented and kept as pleasure- grounds hy the residents in the villas ssrrounding it, but tliis combination having terminated, the land- lord determined to build. The acquisition of the land by Mr. Smale for nursery premises is no doubt the next best purpose which the residents would favour. Possession was taken at midsummer, and no time has been lost (indeed the weather has greatly facilitated building operations') to erect the various glassliouses, oflices, &c., and lay out the ground not built on. The principal entrance is from the south side, a central walk leading right through the premises. On the left side commodious and excellent otlices are erected suitable for the variotis branches of the business; immediately behind is a large packing and potting-shed, at the end of which is the heating apparatus, fixed for supjdying lieat to all the glass structures, a " Rochcford " boilei" being used, Xo. 2 size, very powerful, and doing its work satisfactorily. On each side of tliis block of buildings are lean-to houses running the whole length ; those on the right side are used for Ferns and propagating-houses, on the left a cool greenhouec and stove department. In the greenhouse section were splendid batches of Primula and Smale's Cineraria — a splendid strain, dwarf, and with very fine flowers ; Carnations Mrs. JolitFe, Mdlle. Carl, and others ; Epacris in variety, Boronias, Bouvardias, President Cleveland' a new variety, being in excellent condition, and flowering well ; pots of Lily of the Valley were pro- duced thus early in very good style. The stove compartment contained a great variety of Palms and other foliage plants, suitable for decoration, com- prising Kentias, Cocos. Drac;tna terminalis, rubra, &c. ; Crotons, Poinsettias, all showing signs of good culture. It may here be remarked that tliese nur- series are intended as show nurseries, being supplied from the Baiton Nursery, where all the early stages of plant growing will be carried on. On the right side of the centre walk is erected a fine show-house, 72 feet by 27 feet. The outdoor portion of the grounds is occupied with herbaceous beds of Irises, Pajonies, Polyanthus, Narcissus, Violets, Pyrethrums, &C., while there are specimens planted of the various kinds and shapes of fruit trees, Roses, &c., to sell from, and to give their customers an idea of v/hat they have to offer. Building has ceased for this season, but additions will be made in the future as required. Boman Nurseries. — These were established in 1856 by the present senior partner of the firm, who, being then a young enterprising man, foresaw what scope Torquay would eventually open up. These are situate about a mile from Torquay, too far for these modern times. Now it is necessary to bring horticultural products to the people : hence the great reason for the acquisition of the Torre Nurseries. The various houses here are filled with very serviceable stuft" for decorative sale purposes, and for cut flowers. Splendid batches of Smale's Cineraria were in bloom, as also a lot of Piimulas, principally of the Fern-leaf section, but with a great varietv of colours, fresh and healthy. Solanums were well berried. Azaleas and Camellias, well set with flowering buds, were looking very pro- mising. A Luculia gratissima planted out at the end of the Camellia-house was opening a great pro- fusion of flowers. Here large batches of Lilies of the Valley were opening their flowers, ready to be despatched to the new premises. Many other viirieties of Orchids, especially the Cuilogynes, Cat- tlevas, Disas, &c., are well done. Anthurium Andre- anum. one with nine spatbes, were flowering freely, and would be of great service for cut flowers, Euch-aris Mastersii is largely grown, it being most suitable for bouquet making. Several houses were devoted to the culture of Adiantum cuneatum and its species, which v/ere looking very healthy. The houses, being situate on the top of a rising ground, water is supplied to them from the bottom of the outdoor nursery, a distance of a quarter of a mile, bv one of Lehmann's engines, which will pump up 2000 gallons per day at a cost of id. The outdoor portion is filled with a great variety of the usual nursery stock, the soil evidently being most suitable to the growth of most kinds of trees and shrubs, A large qu.antity of Narcissus in variety has been planted this season — a flower which has become now so popular every nurseryman must grow it. 140 THE GABDENEES' CHIiONICLE. [FtDRCAnv '2, 1SS9. The seed and show premises in Union Street, Tor- quay, which Mr. Smale has fur many years held on lease, have now been purchased by him, and simul- taneously he lias taken down the old premises, and erected in their stead tirst-class rooms for the carry- ing on of both his wholesale and retail seed business, provision being also made for a display of plants and the cut flower trade. All the work has been executed by Mr. Smale's workmen in a very sub- stantial and thorough manner, another trait ol the enterprising proprietor, who by so doing will save an after lot of expense and extras usually attending contract work. Jlsitor, Messrs. Cutbush & SoN,*HitiHG.vTfc:. Daphne indica rubra, tfv. — The cultivation of this plant has retrograded of late years, and it is rare to see the plant well done, unless at exhibitions. This fact may be due to the multiplicity of subjects flowering in its season, and to its requirements not being always well understood. Messrs. W. Cutbush seem to anticipate a revival of its cultivation, for we saw there, recently, a great number of small plants in vigorous health. There were observed a large number of Azalea Deutsche Perle, which is recognised now as being one of the best forcers, and the bloom when cut is very enduring. The Pernettyas are beautiful winter -berried plants when grown as they are here. On some of the plants the berries were very thickly clustered together — so much so as to hide much of the foliage. The varie- ties with crimson, scarlet, white, and creamy-white fruits, are the most effective — a fact due to the con- trast that exists between the colours of the leaves and the fruits. THE AUSTRALIAN PITCHER PLANT. Cepualgtcs roLLicuLARis is one of those inte- resting little gems which no real lover of plants oould fail to admire. Although we note that it is over sixty years since it was introduced, yet it is rarely met with in a flourishing state. As is well known, the plant produces two kinds of leaves — one set with a petiolate, and elliptical, green fiat blades in the usual way, and growing a few inches high. But it is in the other set, which de- velopB into little round-winged pitchers, that the beauty of the plant lies. The pitchers are much ringed at the opening and beautifully marked with purple, while the lid is checkered with varying degrees of red or pink. It must be obvious that it is not for want of attractiveness, nor that size could forbid its inclusion in any collection, as it can easily be accommodated in a house of very moderate dimen- sions ; moreover, a greenhouse temperature is the most suitable. I think the more probable reason of its scarcity is owing to insufficiency of light and air. A steady supply of moisture both at the roots and in the atmosphere is essential to success, which is generally tried to be supplied by placing hand or bell-glasses over pots in which it is planted. This may be all very well as far as moisture is concerned, but in how many cases is there at the same time means provided for a free circulation of air besides ? The whole is often placed in a shady out-of-the-way corner of the house — in fact often where more robust subjects have been unable to thrive. Then little wonder this native of a sunny land is unable to prosper, Recently I saw it well grown in the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, where Mr. Lindsay had on a shelf suspended close to the glass a splendid lot of plants with fine coloured pitchers, and in the rudest health. They were in small pots efficiently drained and filled with fibry peat and living sphag- num, the whole being kept uniformly moist by the syringe and watering-can, as little shading as pos- sible being used. But I have seen capital results where none was used ; indeed, where the plants can be stood on a moist surface, not too near the glass, but giving full exposure to light, with frequent syringing and careful airing, it is unnecessary. In any case the leas shading is used the better. As the winter aiiproaches, the syringe should be used with caution, and this also applies to watering at the root, but avoid actual dryness — endeavour to keep up the necessary humidity by damping the sur- roundings. Under those conditions, a temperature of 50'' Fahr, will be sutHcient, except after repotting — which is best done just before the plants begin to make fresh growth, when a few degrees more warmth is beneficial. Propagation is easily eff^^cted by seeds, which should be sown soon after they are gathered in shallow well drained pans, filled to within an inch of their rims, with a compost of chopped fresh sphagnum moss and peat; press it moderately firm, and cover with a thin layer of finely broken charcoal, and potsherds, or bricks, give a good watering, and then sow the seeds — covering the pans with a bit of glass. Stand them in a close moist place— if pos- sible, where shading will be unnecessary. To pre- vent drying it is a safe practice to stand them in saucers, with a little water in them. Prick off into a similar compost, as soon as the seedlings are fit to handle— and grow on as recommended. They may also be propagated by division just before they begin to make fresh growth, which is usually early in the year. F. Boss. Plant Notes. SENECIO MACROGLOSSUS. This beautiful climbing plant was figured in the Gardeners" Chronicle for June 12, 1875, p. 740, and also in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6140. The suggestive name of Cape Ivy has been given to it, the habit and foliage bearing a great resemblance to some of the Ivies now in cultivation. To succeed with this plant it should be planted out if in a border, plenty of brick rubble should be mixed with the soil to make it of a porous nature, raising the soil a little above the ordinary level of the border where it is to be planted, as by so doing it is not so likely to damp-off at the base. The flowers are of a pleasing soft yellow freely produced from the ends of the branches, and bear some resemblance to those of Chrysanthemum Etoile d'Or. One need hardly mention that the position should be light and airy, and to see it in its glory it should be allowed to grow in a somewhat free and natural manner, that is as far as space and conve- nience will allow. The flowers and foliage when cut, last a long while in perfection, which, together with the fact that it flowers at this time of the year, makes it a very desirable plant for the cool house or conservatory. Cuttings of a good length should be inserted into a porous compost and stood in a light warm corner of an intermediate-house. To show what can be done in the way of large cuttings, a plant some time ago was noticed to be in hardly so fresh a condition as it ought, and upon examining the stem it was found to be com- pletely severed at the base : the position being too damp had caused its decay. A mound of some brick- rubble and stones was made about the stem, and after a short time the plant began to grow, and resumed its fresh appearance. It was a plant of y or 4 yards height, bearing numerous branches. W. Harrow. AzALKA Deutsche Perlk. This is perhaps the most valuable of all the Azaleas, and cannot be too widely known to either trade growers or gardeners, the first-named of whom generally get hold of most good things pretty soon after they appear, as they are always on the look-out for what is likely to attract notice and sell, and blooms of Azalea Deutsche Perle do this, as they are almost equal to a Gardenia in appearance, for the flowers are nearly as full, and pure in the petals. These, too, are of good substance, and therefore the blooms stand well when cut, and are first-class for working up in bouquets. In habit the plants are very free, and make fine growth, and require but little forcing to get them into flower early, especially after they have once been in heat, as then they come on almost naturally, and may be induced to open any time in the winter. The old Fielder's AVhite used to be the favourite, but that is hardly to be met with now : and Xarcissiflora is quite eclipsed by the one under notice. Azalea Pauline Mardnkr. This makes a fine companion plant to Deutsche Perle, and is equally amenable to forcing, as it is naturally an early blooming variety, and being of a rose colour, forms a pleasing contrast to the pure white of the other. The flowers, like those of Deutsche Perle, are semi-double, and therefore last much longer than do those that are single, as the latter quickly fade and fall, especially when cut and are used in that way, J. S. The Bulb Garden. NARCISSUS CYCLAMINEUS. I THINK this is going to be the earliest of all our Narcissi. In the open border I have it with strong buds on stems quite 2 inches long. At present X. minimus is scarcely above ground, but may perhaps develope the flower more rapidly later on. jai/ Aye, Janitary 15. Cnoccs Imperati Aldus. In 1886 a lady very kindly gave me two bulbs of this rare variety. These were planted in two favour- able positions, but as yet I have had no blooms, and from present appearances I shall not get any this season, although one of the little clumps has thrown up five sheaths of leaves. Do any of your readers find this more delicate than the type ? ^yith me this grows and flowers very freely. Jay Ayr. Cultural Memoranda, SERICOGRAPIIIS GHIESBKEGHTIANA. Of the many stove plants, few, if any, equal this for general usefulness during the winter months, as not only is it exceedingly floriferous and bright in its scarlet Justicia-like flowers, but it lasts a long time in perfection, and will stand without suffering in any warm greenhouse. What I would convey by " warm greenhouse " is one ranging from oO°— 55°, which degree of heat suits this Sericographis better, when in bloom, than a higher temperature, as in it the blooms are more enduring, and come brighter and deeper in colour. We like to have plants of it here in two stages — that is, one-year old, and two year old, and the way we manage is to propagate annually half the stock we want, and throw away the two-year old, after the plants have done flowering, at which time those kept are cut back to the last joint. They are then stood on a shelf, and remain without water, or only just sufficient to maintain the soil in a semi-dry condition till the plants break, when they are at once shaken out and repotted. This is done in peat and loam, or leaf- soil and the latter, with a dash of sand to keep the whole porous. The sized pots we use are 32*3 and 24's, but mostly the first-named, as they are gene- rally large enough for even the strongest plants, and we never shift again after the first potting is over. For propagating, we use the tips of the shoots which we take off at the time of cutting back, as of course they are earlier, and not only so, but they are stronger and always ranch shorter-jointed and firmer than any that can be had when they break. The cuttings referred to are put in in the ordinary way, after which they are placed in a close propagating- box in the stove, where they quickly root, when they are at once potted ofl" singly in 60-si/.ed pots, or stood up near the glass, where they can be shaded till they get a fresh start. As soon as this takes place the points of each are nipped out, and when they break again they are shifted into iJ2's, and kept well up to the ligl)t to ensure short-jointed growth. By the end of May or early in June, or as soon as we are clear of bedding stuff, the whole lot go into a pit or frame, where they have plenty of air during the FEBRnART 2, 1889.] THE GAnDENEIiS' CIII^ONICLE. 141 day by tilting tlie liglits, atul are dosed afler being looked ovei- and watered, if necessary, and syringed at 3 or -i o'clock in the afternoon. This cool treat- ment, and fall and free exposure to light and sun, solidilies the yonng shoots, and makes them bloom very freely, and by the end of October the plants are moved into a warm house and there kept till they come into flower. The only insect pests that appear to alFect the Sericographis are grcenlly, which should at once be got rid of, when it appears, by fumi- gating, or the tips of the plants will be crippled and spoiled. J. S. AXEMOSE COHONARIV. These seem quite unmindful of winter, as for weeks past some few flowers have made their appear- ance, and many buds are fast pushing up. which will soon be open if we get sun and a few warm days, under which influence they quickly expand, and as quickly close again when s lar light is withdrawn from tliera. In rooms, however, they keep open, and they are of great value for cutting, as they are of such rich and varied shades of colour and remark- ably showy in vases. The best way to treat the Anemone coronaria is to sow seed annually, as young pknts are far preferable to old ones, and if raised early they bloom freely the following winter and spring. To get them strong seed should be sown in pans or boxes at once in light rich soil, and slightly covered, when if placed in heat the plants will soon be up. and directly they are sufHciently large ought to be pricked out in a frame, where they can be kept a little warm till May, when they should be planted out on some sunny border after it has been prepared by being dug and having leaf-mould or mild rotten manure worked in. J. 5. Gardexus in Pots. Plants on which the flower-buds are swelling should have a minimum temperature of G.5°, with an increase of 5° or 15° by daytime. The plants should be well syringed overhead at closing time on bright days (about 1 o'clock in the afternoon), and be watered at the roots alternately with warm liquid- manure and clear water. An occasional sprinkling of artificial manure on the surface of the soil will also greatly tend to the production of fine flowers. The Flciisia. As soon as cuttings can be taken they should be inserted in 3-inch pots filled with light mould and surfaced with sand, watered through a fine rose, and placed in bottom-heat. When rooted, the little plants should be shifted into small pots, and grown on near the roof, shifting them into 3:2 and 24- sized pots in due time. Keep them moist at the roots, the foliage clean, and the flowers persistently picked otT until three weeks or a month before the time the plants are required to be in flower. They will then make nice furnishing subjects by the middle of August next. Of course frequent supplies of weak liquid-manure should be given at the roots, after the latter have pushed into the soil after each succeeding shift. The TtJBEnosE. There should be no delay in potting a couple of dozen bulbs, more or less, according to circum- stances, continuing to pot a like number at intervals of a fortnight or three weeks until the middle or end of -June. The Pearl, being dwarfer than other varieties, and producing equally tine flower-spikes, is one of the best varieties to grow. Before potting them, the little bulblets must be rubbed oflf the bulb, and the old roots cut clean away. In potting the bulbs 3-inch pots should be employed, and light Bandy loam, the apex of the bulbs being a little above the soil, which should be moderately firm. Plunge the pots in sawdust in a box about 5 inches deep, and place it over the hot-water pipes in a forcing-house; and be careful in the application of water, which should be tepid, until the plants have pushed into growth — and, indeed, during the whole growing period of the pi mts. Every offset springing from the bulbs should be rubbed off as soon as it appears, the centre stem alone being retained, other- wise failure will be the result. When the flower- stem has reached a heiglit of G or S inches, the plants should be shifted into (i-inch pots. The plants must be syringed overhead, and kept moist at the roots without being wet, so that a healthy growth is promoted, and the inroad of red-spider - an insect to which the Tuberose is very subject — be warded oft'. Frei|uent waterings with warm liquid-manure, and an occasional top-dressing with Ueesou's manure, will assist the production of large spikes of flower. //. W. IV, A SIMPLE TREE-MEASURER. To correctly ascertain the altitude of large trees, Mr. S, E. Vfii\, in the Tmlian Forester, describes a small instrument (fig. 110) which he uses for tliat purpose: — A is a small Bamboo tube with the upper side cut away, and attached by tv/o small pins to another smaller one, c, at the joint b, so that the tube c can fold down into tube A. d is a non-elastic string knotted outside, as per sketch, and when open these tubes are at an angle of 45°. To measure a tree, peg the ring of a measuring-tape in the stem at 3 to 4 feet up, and holding the tape and measurer in the left hand, or with both, step slowly back, holding a level, and when, looking through ■^-\ZU- •Q 10 FlO. 20.— TREF.-MEASURF.B. both tubes, the upper one is found to be in line with the i)lace to be measured ; the tape then measures the exact height to that point. IIO^Y WE RID OUR VINES OF MEALY-BUG. With the exception of Phylloxera this is the worst ])ests tlie Grape grower has to contend with. When I took charge of these gardens I found two vineries very badly infested, and the 'Vines were also in very bad condition, and most of the bunches of Grapes were full of the bug. I h.id been told it was impossible to clear Vines of bug, but I deter- mined to try what could be done with those in one house. A few of the bunches were not atlected, and by tying pieces of wadding round the stalks of these tlie fruit w.as kept clear until it was ripe. When the fruit had been consumed the laterals were shortened back, and the spurs, which were only 9 inches ap.trt on each side of the rods, were thinned out to about 18 inches apart; the 'Vines were then heavily syringed with warm water in which 1 oz. of soft-soap and one tablespoonful of paraffin per gallon was mixed, taking care to keep it well stirred. This operation was repeated several times until the leaves had fallen, and it reduced the numbers of the insects considerably. As soon as possible after the fall of the leaf the ■\''ines were pruned, the loose bark pulled ofi", and the crevices and spurs scraped with a knife ; the glass, woodwork, and iron trellis thoroughly washed with hot water and soft-soap, and the wood and iron painted .ill over with paraflin. Finally the houses were filled with fumes of sulphur, and the walls were scraped and then dressed with hot lime- wash in which some sulphur and carbfdic acid bad been mixed. Tlie top soil was taken otf the border to a depth of 3 inches, the "Vines were scrubbed with hot water and soft-soap at the rate of 'J oz. to the gallon, and were then painted over with a mixture of gas-tar and stiff blue clay, the latter being (hied and I'ubbed into a jiowder before being well mixed with the tar, tlie whole forming a still' i)aste, ^vith which the "X'ines weie coated all over, c.ire being taken not to injure the buds. Some fresh loam was put on the border, and we thought liiat the last of the meuly-bugs was killed ; meanwhile steps were taken to assist the roots by renewing the outside border which hatl got into a very bad state. The "Vines having started gently on .lanuary 5, all went well, and no traces of hug were found : but as the .«ap began to rise the coaling of clay and tar expanded, and on examining the "Vines, just as the buds were breaking, three or four young, bugs were discovered— a proof that not as yet were oil killed. As a last resource a gallon of boiling water was procured, and into which were put five wineglasses full of paratUn, five of carbolic acid, and half a pound of soft soap ; this was carefully applied all over the rods, with the exception of the growing buds, and decided the fight in our favour, as we have not had any bug on the "Vines since that time. This last application may appear to be too strong to be safely applied generally, and I have no doubt it: would have injured the "Vines had they not have been partially protected by the previous application of clay and tar, which formed a hard coating all over them. W, II, Burrs, Ketlon Hall, Stamford. TRADE MEMORANDUM. The Seed Trade axd the Merchandise JIarks Act. — The following extracts from a letter in a Scottish journal have been forwarded to us for pub- lication, in the hope that those concerned will be on the watch for any infringement of the Act: — " It has in these latter diys become necessary to pass the ' Merchandise Marks Act, 1.SS7.' It is called ' An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Law relating to Fraudulent Mirks on Merchandise (August 23, 1887).' "Section 2, clause I (d) says: — 'Every person who applies any false trade description to goods shall, subject to the provisions of this Act, and un- less he proves that he acted without intent to defraud, be guilty of an offence against this Act.' " Clause 2. — ' E\'ery person who sells, or exposes for, or ha! in his possession for sale, or any purpose of trade or manufacture, any goods or things to which any forged trade mark or false trade desciip- tiou is applied, or to which any trade maik so nearly resembling a trade mark as to be calculated to deceive, is falsely applied, as the case may be bhall, unless he proves '—(here follows the extenu- ating circumstances, such as having no reason to suspect, &c.)— ' shall be guilty of an offence against this Act.' " CUuie 3,— ' Every person guilty of an off,-nce against this Act shall be liable (/) on conviction or indictment to imprisonment, with or without hard labour, for a term not exceeding two years, or to fine, or to both imprisonment and fine,' S;c. " It is with the view of bringing it before the public that I have thus troubled you, and with the view of appealing to the retail members of the seed trade to be on their guard against, and on the out- look for, any infringement of this Act. Infringe- ments, I fear, often happen. This is a year, however, in which such infringements can be easily detected. " It is well known that, of all the red Clovers, the English-saved seed is, as a rule, the best, and com- mands the highest price. But besides being grown in England, red is saved in several of the Conti- nental countries, and in America. The seed of these, however, commands a relatively lower figure, and a standing temptation naturally exists for wholesale houses to send out the foreign, either by itself or mixed with English, as pure-grown English seed. This year the crop of English saved Clover is almost 142 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Kebhuarv 2, 1889. nil, We shall have to fall back on yearling seed if we want English. From a recent report of a large London wholesale house, I notice that they had only received an offer of 2 cwt. of new English seed up to the time of the issuing of the report. Notwith- standing thia, I have within the hut two weeks come across inanv samples of new seed, sent out from England, offered as English, but which lacked the character of genuine English. " It will be well, therefore, for the trade to be on its guard, and where unmistakeable evidence exists as to wrong description, let it bring the Merchandise Act into operation. To allow or blink at infringe- ments of this kind is to do an injustice to the trade in general, and through the trade to the farmers, who have to rely on the respectability and Vv'ord of their merchant. "A Seed andNursery Trade Association exists fur the purpose of looking after the traie's interest, but beyond meeting once a year and drinking to the brotherhood of mankind it seems to do very little good, if we except perhaps its recent action in calling the attention of the trade to the ' non-warranty clause.' "At the general meeting lust, I called attention to the infringement of the Merchandise Act in the case of Italian Kye-grass — where the French-saved Italian seed, which is such a favourite with hay growers, was often mixed with Irish-saved seed. It is difficult to bring home a case of this kind, butthis year there should be no diflicalty, andX am confident the evidence will not be diflicult to secure. I trust the trade will take up this matter, and by acting OQ Mr. Goschen's principles of 'courage and clean- handedness' put an end to all infringements, so far as seed is concerned, of the ' Merchandise Act, ISS7.' " I am, &c., " James Elder." Plants and Their Culture. Ferns. — Many will shortly be pushing up new fronds, and should now be repotted if necessary; but before commencing this, if any of the plants be infested with thrips they may be fumigated if they have been kept rather dry, and if voung fronds have not been made. But dipping into tobacco- water will be advisable if the plants are badly affected. The plants should be thoroughly dipped. Scale should be removed by a brusii, follovved by sponging. Mealy-bug should also be destroyed. If present it should be entirely got rid of by syringing and sponging to prevent it reaching the new growth. We use Bentley's insecticide for this purpose, and find it very reliable. The potting materials for the general collection of Ferns should consist of three-parts good fibrous peat and one part of good yellow loam that has been under cover for a time, adding a liberal quantity of coarse clean sand and broken charcoal. The stock of the useful cutting varieties may require to be increased, and this may now be undertaken. Adiantum cuneatum, when used for decorative pur- poses, will be better if divided, and make stronger growths in small pots. Pteris serrulata should be grown in the same way. If required, Davallias may also be increased by dividing and pegging down before the plants have made new growth. Gynino- grammas which require a shift should be repotted placed in the warmest part of tlie house and kept frt e from damp. Fot firmly and use no loam, and never svringe them. It is a good plan to have a few seed- lings each year to take the place of the older plants, which are veiw liable to die off if perchance overpot- ted or watered indiscriminati-ly. Gleichenias should have been rearranged now. In potting use more drainage for tliese, and put them in pans or shallow pots, and ]iegdo«'n at intervals to assist the rhizomes to root freely. They should be at the coolest end of the house. Tree Ferns, if they require it, should be repotted now. bpfore the new frnnds are much developed, and the house kept rather close for a time. The stems may be ke])t moist, to encourage vigorous growth. Great care should be taken in ■watering after the plants are repotted until the pots are filled with roots, when water may be given freely. The Selaginellas and similar subjects should be examined, made up, and also propagated. liouvardias. — Plants which bloomed through the autumn and early winter, and have been cut back for supplying cuttings for early plants, should now be propagated from. The cuttings, which should be taken when about 2 to 3 inches in length, should be inserted in small pots, plunged in a mild bottuia- heat. and kept close. B. President Cleveland lias proved to be a most useful variety; its brilliant colour and ivGd growing qualities will make it a general favourite. Chrysanthemums.— C\xiWug9, of these should now be taken for the supply of plants for conservatory decoration. Carnation cuttings should now be taken from the plants in the greenhouse, to provide an early supply of bloom in the autumn. Where there is a deficiency in the stock of Pt- largoniums a few of the strongest shoots on the old plants should be taken off with a heel and inserted singly in thumb- pots placed in a little bottom-heat. 'I'liey wilt soon strike, and form useful plants for late summer work. G. Wijthes, Si/on House Gardens, Bt-entford. The Orchid Houses. In towns, and especially in the ne'ighbourhood of London, the fogs leave a thick incrustation on the glass, giving it the appearance of slate in some places, and even in the country the glass gets dimmed in winter — in such case no time should be lost in getting it washed, and where practicable the insides of the glass should also be cleaned. When this is inconvenient the inside of a house should be cleaned in parts as opportunity off'ers. Where tlie water from the roof runs into the water-tanks no fear need be felt that the water used in wasliing off the deposit on the glass will be injurious if allowed to run into these. It soon settles, and will do more good than harm after the water clears. Until clear, care should be taken that the water be not used, or if used, that the foliage is not wetted, otherwise the latter will be rendered dirty. The only thing vvhich can be said in palliation oi the havuc which fogs commit on the Orchid flowers is, that they do not injure the health of the plants. I have heard of Masdevallia tovarensis and a few other things having lost their leaves through the fogs, but I think it look place from some other cause, possibly irregular temperature. They do hasten olF the old leaves of Lycastes and a few other things whose time to fall, has come, but this does not injure the plants. Jamrs O'Brien. The Flower Garden. Planting, Altkration, &c. — Where extra work in the way of alteration, transplanting. &c., is on hand, and for which the weather continues to be favourable, all who are anxious to keep abreast of their work at all times should carry on such work with diligence, and so avoid difficulty in the future. One of the most desirable traits in a gardener is the ability of forecasting his work, so as to arrange accordingly, supposing that the labour employed is sufficient. All ground-work and draining would be better if complrted within the next fortnight or be deferred to the autumn, forthe obvious reason that turf or gravel which may have to be disturbed will liave time to get hold of the soil in one case before the drying winds of March set in, and in the other settle down after being put in order and rolled whilst in a moist state. The makingof new walks or the repair- ing of old ones has fallen to my lot every winter for many years past, and I have several times remarked the difference in firmness to the tread than there is in walks (with the same material) made in winter, and those which other work or stress of weather have hindered being done till spring. It is the same even with walks that are only pointed np— such pointing I always strive to get completed in the early part of the winter — and tlie frequi-nt rolling necessary after sharp fniHt ensure firmness ; and another advantage is that of added brightness, which lasts all through the winter. The cutting of turf edgings is usually defprri'd till the sharp frosts are over, fur when done before that time the frost causes the exposed pait'^ to crumble, and the work has to be repented in the sprin;:. If these are cut during a dry pHrind there need be no concern as to the tarings discolouring the gravel if done witli care. The planting of all kinds of trees and shrubs sliould now be finished, or at least as soon as circumstances will allow. I say all advisedly, because it is usual to make exceptions. Hollies, for instance, are supposed not to live, or, at any rate, fail to thrive if moved IxTore May. That best of all teachers, practical exjierience, enables rae to say that such a notion is fallacious. They may be planted now with the greatest confidence of suc- cess (if large balls ot earth are moved with them), as may all other description of, shrubs and trees, evergreen and deciduous. Roses. — Though Roses may be planted with a fair prospect of success as late as April, they will do infinitely better if planted now. I have planted them at all seasons between end of October and April, and the results obtained would, by preference, cause me now to select mid-November as tlie best time. At that season in each alternate year all the Rosea that we grow in the open are lifted, and after well manur- ing and trenching the ground they are replanted. Some may consider that such extreme measures in respect of applying manure to be unnecessary; and to some extent this is true, as they do quite well if the manure be forked in— but far better when they are entirely lifted ; besides, the removal of suckers and tiie shortening back of long fibreless roots can then be more etiectually done. There are other advantages connected with November planting, viz., that the spaces between the plants can be filled in with Tulips, Hyacinths, Narcissus, Anemones, Ranun- culuses, ami other spring flowers. This, in fact, has been unr way of growing spring flowers for years. Roses on walls and trellises which it may be desired to have in flower early should now be pruned, and the main shoots .secured by tying or nailing, but only the main shoots ; the younger shoots, and especially the new growths, look best, and, indeed, are best, when allowed to ramble somewhat at uill ; but, of course, early in the season due regard must be had to their extending beyond the limits of the protec- tion from frost and cutting winds that walls afford. The shelter the walls alford the plants acts in a contrary direction in respect of the roots, by keeping off rain, and even in winter I have known such bordej'3 to be far too dry. If any are found to be in this state, give water to saturation point, but first apply a rich mulching of manure, and any further attention will not be needed for many weeks to come. Herbaceous Perennials. — The majority of these plants are now starting Into growth, and their trans- plantation cannot be longer deferred without injurious consequences. The revision of the arrangements and the division of the large clumps have been com- pleted in this garden for some weeks, and the borders are now being finally forked over, this not being possible sooner without running the risk of injuring bulbs that are only now visible. Small clumps of the following will shortly be planted in the more open spaces, viz., Lilium auratum, Gladiolus, Anemones, Hyacinthus candicans, Pansies, Carna- tions, Pinks, Canterbury Bells, and Wallflowers. W. midsmifh, HecHeld, 'Winchfiehl, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Old PE.vns.— If old Pear trees do not in favourable seasons bring in a fair crop of fruit, I would advise their immediate rooting up, putting strong healthy >. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE EXSU- INU WEEK. DEDUCED FIIU.M THE OiiJEUVATIO.NS OF FORTV-TIIREE YEARS, AT CHISWlCK-39 3 Slugs and Snails. The -words which we have taken as the text for the followinof remarl(s are not exactly "sweet words of pleasure " to gardeners of any degree. Indeed, by common consent the creatures are looked upon as the enemies of the human race in general, and of gardeners in particular. Un- ceasing warfare is waged against them. Watch- ful diligence is maintained to prevent their onslaught, and a smile of satisfaction steals over the face of the gardener as he watches a thrush battering an unhappy Bnail against a stone. Nevertheless, these creatures are not all evil. Some, as was recorded last week, act as pollen-distributors. Some serve as a nutritious food to our Continental friends, and only prejudice forbids us availing ourselves of the same resources. Others, such as the .shelled .slug (Testacella Maugei), in place of being a gardener's enemy, is his friend, because he eats his brothers and his cousins ! We greatly fear this propensity is not appreciated as it should be by the gardener, and that Testacella Maugei has to suffer for being a slug; albeit, in some respects, destitute of slug-like pro- pensities. It will, we suspect, excite some surprise, and, perhaps, more incredulity among gardeners who have not followed the general current of natural history since the great impetus given to it by Dakwkv, to learn that plants are more or less self-protected from the i-avages of slugs and snails by means of defence manufactured by themselves. The more perfect the defence, the better obviously the chance of the survival if not of the fittest, at least of the best protected plant. Without such means of defence the destruction would be even greater than it is. But what of the slug P Mr._ Staiil has been lately studying this subject, and some of his statements aie so interesting that we may be doing good service by calling attention to them. The original paper is contained in the Jenaische Zeitichrift fur Nutur- uissenschaft und Medicin, 188.^, and a brief abstract is published in the Annates Ayrcnomiques. Some slugs are omnivorous, others are spe- cialists. Some feed chiefly on Mushrooms and other fungi, and not upon other plants till compelled to do so by stress of famine. Some eat one another habitually, others refrain from cannibalism till they can't help resorting to it. Some live on dead or decaying plants, others only on living tissues. Some of the water-snails feed exclusively on the Confervte and Algie, which grow upon water plants, and respect the latter unless obliged to do otherwise. These are the water snails (Limneus, Planorbis) which are serviceable in freshwater aquaria, others — as every grower of Water Lilies knows— are not so particular. The sense of taste is evidently strongly developed in these creatures. Formerly we used to give them credit for being good botanists, as they rarely or never fail to find out some newly-planted treasure, at least in our garden, and to mark their appre- ciation of it by consuming it, and that on the premises. And, indeed, their power of dis- crimination often puts the trained eyes of the botanist to shame, as the slugs will detect and— having detected— destroy many a leaf-blade which would escape undetermined by the naturalist. That poisonous substances should be objection- able to slugs is not remarkaljle, but then the question arises, what is a poison P What is one creature's poison is food to another. "\\'e have had an illustration of this lately in the att.acks made on the leaf-stalks, flower-stalks, and ilowers of Hellebores. Hellebores .ire poisonous enough to most things, but it becomes a question whether the poisonors element is present in all parts of the plant ; the exemption of the le.ives them- selves seems to indicate that they at least are well protected, whatever be the case with the other parts we have mentioned. According to Darwinian principles, if these Hel- lebores aie to survive, the protecting poison must be more generally diffused, or an app.a- ratus of spines, prickles, or olher means of defence, must be gradually evolved for the same purpose lieverting to Mr. Stahi.'s paper, we may add, that he refers to three classes of chemical sub- stances secreted by the plant, and serving as a defence against slugs and snails. 1. Tannin, a substance very generally diffused in plants — some, such as Ithododendrons, contain relatively large quantities of it. Slices of Carrot steeped in a solution of tannin were not touched by slugs. 2. liinoxalate of Potash.— This acid substance is found largely in such plants as Sorrel, Oxalis, I'lhubarb, and Begonias, which owe their pleasant acidulous flavour to it. If, says Jlr. Stahl, the acid be removed by appropriate measures from the plants, the slugs will then eat the leav'es with avidity, which before they would not touch. Slices of Carrot soaked in a solution of thi'3 salt were also untouched by the wary molluscs. ?>. Essential oils, such as those of Rue, of Herb Itobert (Geranium llobertianum), of A'corus calamus, are repulsive to slugs. 4. Bitter substances, such as those of Gentians and Polygalas, are similarly distasteful. As to the mechanical means of defence they are more readily comprehensible — hairs, prickles, and spines, are so arranged as to prevent the access of the slug, or to secure its entanglement and prevent its escape. Incrustations of car- bonate of lime, as in some Saxifrages, offer a sort of plate armour which must be very effec- tual indeed. Mr. Stahl tell us that if this be removed the leaves readily become the prey of the gasteropods. The siliceous framework of grasses and Equisetums has a similar protective duty. The '' rhaphides " or crystals so common in plants have a like oIKce, but if removed expe- rimentally, as done by Mr. Staiil, the unpro- tected plants then perish in the jaws, or lingual ribbons rather, of their adversary. These are only a few illustrations of those curious relations between the animal and vege- table kingdoms, of which so many have lieen brought to our knowledge since Darwin turned the light into previously dark corners. The theoretical interpretation of the facts may be open to question, but their practical importance is beyond dispute, and justifies us in calling atten- tion to matters in which the observations of young gardeners and amateurs may be of great service alike to science and its applications. The Crown Prince of Austria.— The sad event which has caused such consternation in Austria will be felt also in the scientific worlJ. Piince RcDoi-PH was a traveller, a sportsman, a naturalist, .1 linguist,— in fact, a highly educated courteous gentleman, whose loss to his country is most deplorable. The Prince was married to Ste- phanie, daughter of the King of the Belglins. Royal Horticultural Society. — The annual report and balance-sheet have been issueil, and, aa we have already intimated, are. under all the circumstances, of a surprisingly satisfactory char- acter, reflecting great credit on the Council who in the sliort space of one year have accomplished a great deal more than many thought possible. It is to be hoped that the business-like energy which characterised the hist year's proceedings may be con- tinued in the present season. The Lord Mayor and the Fruiterers Company.— The Lord iM.vvon has intimated that something niiglit be done by the Fruiterers' Company to restore the system of fruit-growing in this country, and he has suggested that if they had not the necessar}' means they should apply to some of the richer companies for help, lie has olVered the use of the Mansion House, and promised to throw him- self heart and soul into tlie work if the company were willing to take it u|i. The Jtaster, on behalf of the court, has accepted the Lord JLwou's generous offer. The Fruiterers' Company is not blessed wiili an abundance of riches, and is not likely to excite the envy of reformers. It has nertheless done some good and useful work for the encouragement of fruit-growing, and it will only be acting in accordance with its recent history if it follow up the suggestion of the Lord J[.\vou, Extraordinary Fraud on Mr. Chamber- lain.—A remarkable imposture has (says the A/-- miiiyliam Daily Mail) just been umnasked by Mr. .losEEH Cn.ijinEuiAiN. While ^[r. CinMUKni.AiN was on his wedding tour n man called at Highbury and asked permission to inspect the Orchids. lie brought letters of introduction from Mr. EniP.w « o IS H 4 Fedrcaey 2, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CIIBONIGLE. 145 WvMAX, n wfaUliy gentleman living in the Uniteil States, whose atiuaintance Atr. CH.uinEni..UN hail made. The visitor claime.l to be Mr. \Vv.\i.vn's nephew, ami his object, lie said, in viailing England, was to bring over from his uncle some choice speci- mens of American Orchids to .Mr. CuAMiiEni-MN's collection. Mr. Austex CnAMnEKi.AiN showed the visitor over the conservatories, and al'ti'r a i-nnversa- tiou the visitor remarked that lie had lost his purse and would trouble Jlr. ArsrEs- Cuajuierlmn- for a loan to pay his hotel expenses. Tlie sum asked for was given, and the next day he called again on Mr. Ai'STEN CuAMiiERLAiN and ]irodiiced a bill on the firm of DaiXEL, Morchn, & Co., of America, and asked for and obtained an introduction to a Birming- ham bank that he miglit change it. He succeeded in changing it, and he tlien paid the sum he had borrowed. The bill was returned to the drawer, and nothing has been heard of the Orchids. On leaving Highbury the man went to the Orchid establisliment of Messrs. Sander & Co., at St. Albans, and, pass- ing himself ofl' as Mr. Acstex Chamberlain, obtained Orchids to a large amount. After that he dis- appeared. Dried Fruit.— .\n attempt is being made to induce the Government to remit the import duty now raised on this article of commerce. CYPRIPEDIUM.— There is no present symptom of decadence in the fashion for these singular and interesting plants, which happily have not yet had their history, individuality, and interest sciueezed out of them by the enforcement of any standard of properties. Jf. Godeirov's new publication, of which we have already spoken, is to be de- Tottd to the illustration and description of this genus. The dedication is so characteristically French but withal so appropriate, that we deem it fitting to copy it verbatim : — "A LA GLOiKE DE la MAI50N d. VEITCH AND SONS, DE CHELSEA, LONDKES. DMi^r a la maison Veitch de Chelsea un ouvrage Bur les Cypripediees, c'est chercher a acnuitter une dette de reconnaissance pour toutes les joies que nous ont causees les introductions qu'ils oat faites et les hybrides qu'ils ont obtenues dans ce beau genre. A. GoDEFROv-LEnEur, Argenteuil le 15 Decembre, 18SS." The text, in the elaboration of which M. GoDEFROV has been assisted by Jlr. N. E. Biiows, of the Kew Herba- rium, is in parallel columns— English and French. The original descriptions are cited textually in the langu.ly to us. The ex- hibition will be held in the Stadthalle, a splendid and spacious building near the Rhine, very fit for such an exhibition. The programmes contain the usual regu- lations. The committee of decorations will take care of the plants of foreign exhibitors during the show, but without accepting any responsiliility. The show deserves more than usual attention as it pro- mises to be a very good one. It .seems that the Gartenbauverein at Mentz has the inten- tion to hold similar shows every five years. The Society is under the protection of the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, LuDwiG IV. Usually the ladies of Mentz offer very valuable special prizes for the best collection of Roses in flower exhibited at these shows. The l.ate Grand Duchess Alice for- merly accepted the protectorate of the Society. As Roses promise to be a principal feature of the show, it has been decided that during the show the fifth Congress of tiie German Rosarians will be held. The Society is honoured by the protec- torate of Her Majesty the Empress Frederic of Germany. It is understood that for the sake of English exhibitors the committee of the Mentz exhi- bition, if informed in time, will do every thing pos- sible to facilitate the introduction of English plants and garden products to the show, and to obviate any difficulty arising out of the restrictions imposed by the Phyllo.xera laws. Horticulture in Caraccas. — We, Garden and Furfst, have already referred to Dr. Ernst's first article, published in the Garlcujlora, on " Horticulture in Caraccas." It has been followed by a second chap- ter that contains much interesting information with regard to the plants which flourish in the Vene- zuelan climate, and those which, upon trial, have been found ill suited to it. The cultivation of useful plants, he tells us, has lagged so far behind that of flowering and ornamental plants, that it is no exaggeration to say, not a single new fruit or vege- table has been introduced into the country during the last fifty years. On the other hand, the prices paid for flowers are enormous, running so high in the case of nativeOrchids, that their re-importation from Eng- land may prove profitable. A specimen of Cattleya Wagneriana, with twelve leaves and eight blossoms, had recently been offered to the author for 45 dols., and he attributes sucii demands to the fact, that collectors for English firms have given such enor- mous sums for white-flowering Cattleyas, that the natives in consequence have "lost their heads " to a degree which can only be cured by a persistent abstention from purchase on the part of local cus- tomers. That they have by no means lost their cunning is shown by the statement that they treat the common Cattleya Mossix with sulphur fumes so as to make it look like C. Reineckiana, bring the plants bearing these blanched blossoms to unsuspect- ing amateurs in twilight hours, and often receiving high prices for them. Felling Trees by Electricity.— Hitherto machines for felling trees have been driven by steam- power, but this is sometimes inconvenient, especially in thick woods, and electric power has recently been adopted in the Galician forests. Usually in such machines the trunk is sawn, but in this case it is drilled. When the wood is of a soft nature the drill has a sweeping motion, and cuts into the trunk by means of cutting edges on its sides. The drill is actuated by an electric motor mounted on a carriage, which is brought up close to the tree and shackled to it. The motor is capable of turning round its ver- tical axis; and the drill is geared to it in such a 146 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [i'EBP.CARY 2, 1889. manner that it can turn through an arc of a circle and make a sweepinj; cut into the trunk. The first cut made, the drill is advanced a few inches and another section of the wood removed in the same way until the trunk is half-severed. It is then clamped, to keep the cut from closing, and the opera- tion continued until it would be unsafe to go on, The reniaiuder is finished by a hand-saw or an axe. The current is conveyed to the motor by insulated leads brought through the forest from a generator . placed in some convenient site. T'lm^s. " The Dairy."— We have received the first number of a new weekly journal uuder this name, an auspicious omen, we hope, and one indicative of improvements and developments in a national industry already large, but which might be much larger. What is there in Denmark and Holland that their supplies should occupy so high a place in our market? There is not much diiSculty in replving to that question ; the perplexity comes in when we inquire why Ireland has not a larger sliare in work pre-eminently suited to the conditions of the Emprald Isle. What are Lichens ?-When Schw^^'dexeh, some twenty years ago, propounded the notion that lichens, such as we see encrusting rocks or covering old Apple trees, were compounds or rather associa- tions of Algoj, represented by the "gonidia," or green globular bodies so conspicuous when a lichen is ex- amined by the microscope, and of fungus moulds, the latter feeding upon the green gonidia, it is no matter of astonishment that so surprising a state- ment should have been looked at askance and even ridiculed. Even now some of the best lichenolo- gists utterly refuse to sanction what they consider a heresy — for them a lichen is a lichen and not a mixture of parasite and prey. The botanists, who are most strenuous in their opposition have been the systcmatists who have to deal with the dis- crimination and crdeily nrrangenent'of thfse plants. Those who uphold the new view are for the most part those more interested in studying the minute ana- tomical structure and the life-history of the plants in question. They endeavoured to prove their case by showing that the green bodies (gonidia) in the interior of the crust of lichens were, in point of fact, Algre, belonging to known genera. They extracted the gonidia, and grew them under appropriate condi- tions, and saw that they did really grow into Alga;. Moreover, in the tissues of the lichen itself the fungou'? threads and the gonidia are in contact only, and neither produce, nor are developed into, the other. It is unnecessary here to give all the details, or to mention the arguments brought against the theory. SufUce it to say that the biologists felt that if undor certain conditions thpy could, on the foI- I'itur ambulamlo principle, cause a lichen to be produced, their case would be proved. Various observers have succeeded partially in doing this, but we doubt if their success was recognised by the sys- tematists. Lately, however, additional evidence has been adduced by JI. Bonnier, wlio, after taking every precaution to exclude adventitious germs by nipans familiar to those conversant with the doings of Pasteur and his colleagues, has so far succeeded as in the words of a committee of the Paris Academv of Sciences, to settle definitely to all appearance the question of the composite character of lichens. M. Bonnier, working partly in Paris, partly in the Pyrenees, has raised several (pli/si'-urs) species of lichen from the spore stage to the adult condition; he has traced the successive stages in the formation of the crust (thallus) and the development of the fungous threads both in association with Alga and with mosses. What the systcmatists will say to this new and powerful assault upon their position time will ehow. The balance of evidence, so far as out- siders can judge, is with the new school in this matter. Accident to R. h. Measures, Esq.— We regret to record that an accident similar to that which resulted in the death of his ceii'hbour and fellow orchidist, Jonx SorTHOATB, befcl Mr. R. II. Measures, while returning last week with his family in his carriage from the Crystal Palace. From some cause the carriage ran on to the kerb. The coachman jumped oil", and the horses bolted down the hill. The carriage came in contact with a tree and was dashed to pieces. Mr. Measures was badly crushed. We are happy to say that Mr. Measures and the others injured are progressing as well as can be expected. Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— It is announced that a four days' benefit in aid of this Fund will be given at the Royal Princess's Theatre, Oxford Street, W., from Wednesday, February 6, to Satur- day, February 0, inclusive. The representations are Hamlet, each evening, at 7.45 r.M., and The Lady of Lyons, on Wednesday and Saturday afternoon, at 2.30 P.M. Admission is by ticket (at the usual prices), which may be obtained from the Hon. Sec, Mr. A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. For the Saturday performance oi Hamlet seats must be booked beforehand. In order to benefit the Fund tickets must be purchased, as money paid at the theatre doors does not accrue to the Fund. — The usual monthly meeting of the committee took place on January 2.5. at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, Mr. George Deal presiding, there being a good attendance of members. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, it was reported that the balance at the bank amounted to £^91 V2s. Ifl. A letter was read from Mr. 0. Thomas, stating, that as the committee of gardeners who carried out the entertainmcTit recently given at Chesterfield in aid of the Fund, had been dissolved, the original arrangement of dividing the proceeds into twelve portions, crediting the twelve members with an equal sum each, had better be carried out. Mr. Hughes, Secretary to the Chrysanthemum Exhibition at Birmingham, wrote enclosing the sum of £7 Gi'. 10('. taken from thirty collecting-boxes he had jdaced in diflVrent parts of the town ; and stating his intention that each should contribute at least ^.'J. per annum. Contributions from local secretaries were announced amounting to £10 9:;. lOrZ. Mr. W. H. Divers forwarded the sum of £2 7*'. S\d., taken during the time the gardens at Ketton Hall were thrown open; Mr. Rose, The Gardens, Lockinge, sent the sum of 5 guineas, the proceeds of a con- cert at Wantage on behalf of the Fund ; Mr. Fulbrook, Streatham Hill, £1 8'. 6'^.; and Mr. Crawford, The Gardens, Coddington Hall, £1 V2s , obtained by means of collecting cards. A special donation of 5 guineas was announced from Mrs. A. F. B.irron ; one of £-3 frt^m Mr. Mac- mill.an, the publisher; and the Hon. Secretary reported that the Chairman had increased his annual subscription to £5 bs., and Mr. II. Herbst his by 1 guinea. By way of demonstrating the improv- ing position of the Fund, the Chairman produced a statement prepared by Mr. Barron, showing that during the first six months of the present financial year the sum of £549 .Ss. 6ii. had been received, in the following form : — Donations, £178 6s. \d. ; sub- scriptions, £132 2s.; from local secretaries, £122 19.«. 5r/. ; miscellaneous, including the annual dinner, £101 3s. ; and interest, 14.';. ?>d.; as against £417 in 1887-88; and the expenses in working the Fund had been relatively smaller. This statement was deemed very satisfactory. A letter was read from Mr. R. Lye, The Gardens, Sydnionton Court, Newbury, bringing to the notice of the committee the case of a gardener's orphan for whom it was desired to obtain the benefits of the Fund. An unsolicited offer was reported from Mr. Harris, the manager of the Princess's Theatre, on behalf of Miss Grace Hawthorne, offering j^erformances in aid of the Fund on February 6, 7, 8, and 9, as above noted. It was also reported that Mr. H. B. May, of Eibnonton, is organizing a concert in aid of the Fund, and Mr. Ford, of Richmond, a fiuwer-stall for the same purpose. Mr. Hodges, local secretary at Lindfield wrote, asking if the committee wuuld guarantee any loss accruing from an entertainment on behalf of the Fund, but the committee came to the conclusion that the pro- moters must take all risks. It was announced that the President, Sir Julian Goldssiid, approved of, and would sign the petition to the City companies, praying for a grant to the Fund. A conversation took place in reference to holding another Covent Garden Fete, and it wa sresolvcd to mfmoiialise the Duke of BEDroED for permission to hold a second in the Wholesale Flower Market during the coming spring. It was also stated that the Croydon Horti- cultural Society would hold their annual show on July 3, and organise in connection \\\i\\ it a Rose Fair and Sale of Roses, in aid of the Fund. The usual vote of thanks to the Chairman brought the proceedings to a clo=e. Mr. C. Fidler's Employes. — On Tuesday, January 22, the annual soiree of this firm was held at Reading. After having dined the cmployts of over nine months' standing each received a percent- age on the nett profits of the business — a system which Mr. Fidler has now carried out for about four vears. Trade Notice, Mk. llKNiiY EcKioRD, lately Gardener at Boreattun Park, Baschurch. and well known as a raiser of new varieties of culinary and Sweet Peas, has established himself at Wem, Salop, and has entered upon busi- ness as a culinarv and Sweet Pea merchant. FLORISTS' Flowers. THE CHINESE PRIMROSE. For purposes of propagation the Chinese Pri- mula, whose history was given in a former article, may be divided into three divisions: the single and semi-double varieties, which may be pro- pagated from seeds or by cuttings, and the unite double forms, which can be propagated by cpttings only. Those who understand the propaga- tion of Hollyhocks from cuttings would not have much difiiculty with Primulas, a^ they require very much the same kind of treatment. What is re- quired is a fine mixture of equal parts loam, leaf- mould, and sharp sand, and this should be used in a moist state. A deep thumb-pot should be prepared for each cutting ; these should be well drained, and filled with the prepared soil. The cut- tings usually have very short stems, but the longer the stems are the better, as the longest-stemmed cuttings are not so liable to damp oiF. Plani the cuttings firmly in the centre of the pots, with a little clean sand at the base of each. Were they like Verbena, Fuchsia, or other cuttings of that class, they might be watered at once, or.sonu after they were planted, but this treatment would probably kill them, and therefore they must not have any water for a considerable period, and to prevent the leaves llagging they should be jdactd under a close-fitting hand-glass. The glass must be taken ofl' daily for a short period, wiped clean, and replaced. The cuttings must be shadi-d from bright sunshine. They are the easiest to propagate in the summer, and there need be few failures if the plants are not watered too soon after they are put in. When it is seen that roots have formed on any cutting they should be removed and [)laoed in a more airy jiosition, but no sudden check tj their growth must be allowed, and the rooted plants should very speedily be shifted into a larger pot. The single and semi-double varieties produce seeds so sparingly in some cases that when a really good variety is obtained^ it should be prf)pagated bv means of cuttings as well as seed. The seed may be sown at intervals during the spring and summer months, and the treatment of the young plants as they appear should be similar to that required for cuttings. What is required during the whole period of growth ig a compost of loam, leuf-mould, and KsBBtjAEY 2, 1889.] THE GA HDESEIi ^' CHJWNI CL E. 147 decayed manure, having on it a gooil sininkling of sharp sanil. The exhibition of these plants at the Royal Iloilicultural Society's floral meeting in the Drill Hall on January 15 last by Jlessrs. Cannell & Sons, of Swanley, was very reniaik- , able. This firm grows large quantities for seed- ing purposes, and their object during recent years lias been to obtain strains of high quality in every respect. Since the advent of the ChiswicI; Ked the improvement in the rriniula has been much more vapid than it was previously, and Messrs. Cannell were the first to obtain improvement on tlie colour, and their latest variety. Eclipse, exceeds any seen hitherto, it being of a rich crimson colour. The white varieties are very popular in gardens, and XFarket Wiiite and White I'erfection are deservedly favourites. Cannell's I'ink and Bridesmaid are also excellent strains of the phik and blush type. The above were exhibited at the Hoyal Aquarium, in a group of about :iOO on January 'J and 10. Perhaps the highest point of excellence in Primulas was reached in the selection exhibited at the Floral Committee by Messrs. Cannell on the 15th inst. The rosy-blush variety Princess Mary was of excellent f'lrm ; the flowers of good substance, and the individual pips 2^ inches diameter. Swanley Mauve was thought by the committee to be the best of the bluish-lilac coloured varieties and received a First- class Certificate. Her Majesty had flowers 2i inches across, but they were rather uneven in outline though of a good white. The clear rosy-pink Queen's Favourite was excellent, although the flowers were also uneven, the plant was of neat habit. Punctata cariuinata elegans, a deep rose-coloured flower dis- tinctly spotted, was also uneven in outline, but of good substance and 2^ inches across. These varie- ties with uneven, or wavy margins, are thought by some to be more effective as decorative objects, than those of the more formal type. From Jlessrs. Veitch we have received flowers of some of their fine strain of Chinese Primroses. Among them are the following : — Single V.\rietiks. White, or nearly so. The Queen. — A very fine flower, 2 inches across, with a broad, yellowish, obscurely lobed eye, and a deeply undulated flesh-coloured limb. This is a Fern-leaved variety. " T/ic Queen crossed with the red-steniiHcd white." — Flowers snow-white, more than 2 inches across; boldly undulate, eye broad, greenish-yellow, .six- angled. A flower that, of its kind, may be called magnificent. "yew Huhrid of the Queen,'' fireen-stemmed. — . Similar to The Queen, but the flowers flatter and less "rough '' ; eye more distinctly hexagonal. Veitch's White. — Flowers white, of good snbstane*?, nearlv 2 inches across; margin undulate, eye broad, yellow, sharply five-angled. Alb:^ magnijica. — Flowers 1.} inch across, snow- white ; eye greenish-yellow, its lobes sometimes rounded, at other times pointed. Flowers red to crimson. Chelsea CriMsan. — A rich magenta, eye angular, yellow, lobes crenate. Chelsea Scarlet. — Flowers flat, rich, reddish-crim- son, nearly 2 inches across ; eye relatively small, yellow, five-angled. Flowers rosy-lilac to carmine. Chelsea Carmine. — Flowers IJ inch across, rosy- violet, with a yellow eye ; margin undulate. A richly coloured variety. Veitch's Bed. — Flowers more than H inch, crim- son, deeper than in Chelsea Crimson, and with the yellow angular eye surrounded by a narrow brownish zone. Flowers pink or light rose. Chelsea Sose. — Flowers H inch across and upward, pale pink, with a broad yellow hexagonal eye. A very pretty flower. Flowers bluish-lilac. Chelsea Blue. — Flowers llattish, IJ inch across, deep lavender coloured, eye yellow, 6-lobed. Deeper in colour than many of the so-called blues. DoUBLE-FLOWKKliD VARIETIES. Veitch's Doublii White— 'W>;]\ shaped, elegant flowers, but with a pronounced rosy flush, not the same as the old double white. Double Crimson. — Of a darker shade than the single Chelsea Crimson, and witli smaller flowers. A TURNIP GONE WRONG. A coKU>':5PONDENT Iias seut to U8 a Swede Turnip in the siune condition as one that was described in our columns some years ago by our late friend, Professor Caspary, of Koiiigbberg, and of which we reproducetheengraving(Iig.'J2, p. 149). It will be seen that liie roots emerging from the go-called bulb show WP^ Fig. 21.— Bnixcnixo K-iHL-KABi. occasional bead-like seedlings, emulating on a small scale the parent stock from which they sprung. But what is more curious is tlie production of shoots which at first go downwards but afterwards turn upwards and bear leaves. The "bulb"of aTurnip is, of ciurse, no bulb .it all in a strict botanical sense. It isaswellingof that por- tion of the plant (the caulicule) between the two first seed leaves, cotyledons, and the top of the root proper —a part which usually grows in an upward direction like the stem, but which usually diff'ers from the stem in producing neither leaves, buds, branches, nor roots, from its surface. All or any of these productions may, however, be developed as exceptions, and the case before ns is one of such exceptions. The statement of the fact— the "how? '--is easy enough ; the interpre- tation—the " why ? " — is another matter. What is the reason why the usually filamentous root developes tumours along its side? What is the reason why leaf-shoots are suddenly produced and why they turn about as they do? Some modern ph,vsiologists seem to be eiuite content when they say the downward ten- dency is an illustration of "positive geotropism," the upward tendency of" negative geotropism;" but really this is merely clothing familiar facts in unfamiliar coverings. Nothing is really explained, and we are left with the unsatisfactory reply. Because — as in the case of the quarrelsome tendency of dogs and cats — " It is tlieir nature to." As to the cause ot the development ol the leaf shoots we may throw out a ciuijeclure for which we find some evidence in the Turnip before us, and that is, that the produc- tion of the shoot is due to some injury from insects— wirewnrm, &0. — whicli the rind of the Turnip has received ; in cousequence of wliicll the free passage of the juices has been arrested, and an accumulation of nutritive matter has taken place, just as happens when a tree is ringed or girdlml. Tins ex[ilanation we believe to be correct, as far as it goes, but that is no long distance. For- tunately, the matter does not seem to be of much practical importance; but if every Turni|) in the field took on this mode of growth, the growers would soon want to know why, particularly if, as was the case in Professor Caspary 's plants, the tendency of the parent was transmitted to the oH'spring. For the sake of comparison we add a figure (fig. 21) of a similar malformation in ICohl-rabbi, where, liowever, the supplementary tubers clearly spring from the stem proper. Home Correspondence. ORCHID NAMES. — Is it not time, if not in the name of Science, at least, of convenience, that a protest should be made against the multiplication of names, especially of Latin names, for the most trifling variations iu'Orcbids? Suiely, the Hamburgh Professor, to whom we owe so many obligations, is allowing his good nature too free play when he claps the name of Jones, Brown, and Robinson, not to say Smith, upon the spotty or spotless, hairless or hairy, tweedledum or tweedle-dee varieties seut to him for a name. A Latin name 1 have understood implies at least that the nomenclator had drawn up and pub- lished a "definition" of the novelty, and placed it on record in a manner available for cousultatitin and reference. How, may I ask, is it possible lor the unhappy amateur todistinguish between the varieties Jnckianum, Henryianum, Georgeianum, Tummy- anum, and the like? — which are so similar that thev might all have been cut from one plant or at least have issueil from one seed-pod. Can you not do something to stop this torrent of new names for vari.ations not worthy such distinctions? P«."/«/. UlLIUlvi NEILGHERRENSE. — With reference to the note in the Gardeners' Chronicle of December 22 last, by Mr. G. F. Wilson, on the above-named Lily, a specimen of which he described as being 6 feet high, with five blooms- it is certainly a remarkably tine one. I know the native habitat of the iilatit well, having lived for some years on the Neilgherry Hills ; but I do not remember ever having met with a plant in its wild state so high as 6 feet ; in fact, it is usually seen as a very dwarf plant, bearing, as a rule, solitary floweis, though from two to flve are by no means uncommon on a single stem, and I know for a fact that at least two plants have been found, the one bearing eleven, and the other thirteen blooms on single stems. The plant is usually found in rocky places, where there is plenty of moisture, and the soil it most delights in is black vegetable mould, wet and slimy during the monsoons, and dust in the dry season. It comes into flower from August to October, according to the districts in which it is found. Perhaps Mr. Wilson will kindly inform lis if he has succeeded in saving and raising seed of this bulb in this countrv, and the soil he uses in its cul- vation. J. Lowrie, Lincinr/, Wnrthinrj. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— Will some one be so kind as to explain clearly the quali- flcation of a private gardener, and thus enable the vounger men in the profession to see what they have to woTk for, what practice to follow ? It would like- wise be of use to have it stated what benefit it is to him, and others like him, who live at a long dis- tance from London, to join the Horticultural Sueiety of London. 1 think there would be many more j'lin the Society if they knew more about the conditions of membership. (S. H. [Write to the Secretary. Ed.] PRIMULA FLORIBUNDA AND P. OBOONICA OR POCULIFORfVIlS. — These two worthy species cannot become too well known and generally cultivated ; with a little scheming as rega.'ds sowing the seeds at difl'erent intervals, they may be had in flower almost 148 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEnRrAEv 2, 1889. througliout the whole year. Both of the kinds are exceedingly lloriferous ; the first is a yellow, while the si-cond is a light lilac. As we have tried both plans of increasing the stock, viz., cutting up the old ones into a number of pieces (with reference par- ticularly to the last-mentioned) and sowing seeds saved from the finest and best formed flowers, we are in favour of the last method, as the plants so raised are more vigorous, and do not receive that check which is necessarily caused by dividing them, and the flowers produced are larger and more abundant when raised from seeds. Sow the seeds as soon as ripe, giving due attention to pricking them off and potting them on. A 32 or 24-sized pot will be found large enough in which to flower them, using a mixture of loam and sand with some manure passed through a fine sieve as a compost, grown in a cool frame throughout the summer and autumn, and wintered in a light position in the greenhouse on a shelf until required for decoration. W. Harrow. CELERY RUNNING TO STEM.— I sliould be glad to learn if others have been in the same difficulty as myself this season by reason of Celery running to stalk. I grew a white variety for early use — one that had done me good service in former years ; this season I grew rather more of it than usual, but find- ing at the beginning of last month that it was not very good, I tried a red Celery, which, as well as the white, grew well last season. I found nearly every stick of the variety had a stem, and going from that one to a red variety when had been planted much later, and was not nearly so strong, I was surprised to find that that was in the same condition ; and, as a last resource, I had to fall back on some much smaller white Celery, which is now carrying on the supply. There were a few that formed stems during the season of growth which were pulled out when seen, and I supposed that the stems were all formed then. I do not mention the name of the Celery which was the worst, as perhaps the season has had to do with its failure. I have heard of a case similar to mine close by here. J. WUliarns, Moiikhams, Wood- ford, Essex. [The prevalent mildness of the season, in conjunction with early sowing, have occasioned the bolting complained of, probably. Ed.] MANURE TRIALS AT CHISWICK.— Believing, as I most thoroughly do, that such trials will be conducted honestly, and with a view to arriving at just conclu- sions as to the value of the different manures tested, I may nevertheless ])oint out a variety of diffi- culties in the paths of the experimenters. In the first place the soil on which the experiments are con- ducted should be accurately analysed. If it contain potash suflicient for the crop, a manure deficient of that element would be quite successful on it, although it would fail completely on a soil deficient in potash. This remark applies to ail the other elements in a manure. Then there are highly-stimulating manures that give rapid effects but leave t!ie land poorer than before they were applied ; these are quickly soluble but evanescent in their efiects : such are manures that contain ammonia or nitrate of soda. As is well known to farmers no manure will produce such a rush of growth in the cases of Oats and grass as this last manure will, but it leaves the soil exhausted. With all the care possible my expe- rience of what are called artificial manures leads me to the conclusion that the proposed trials of such manures at Chiswick will lead to no reliable con- clusions. Vilis. GYPSOPHILAS. — When pretty foliage and flowers are in demand, Gypsophilas should find at least a sunny corner in the flower border, more particularly the stronger growing varieties ; albeit the dwarf tuft-like species, such as G. muralis, are quaint objects, very suitable for edgings. Gypsophila pani- culata is probably the best of all, and has large panicles of very small flowers of a whitish colour; it averages 3 feet in height and is of equal width. The plant art'ords much variation amidst more stiflT and erect jilants. G. Gmelina is a stronger grower even than the last, and requires more space to grown in ; but it is not so ne.at and compact, although suitable for growing upon very poor soils. O. cerastoides is a pretty alpine form, well adapted for prominent points on rockwork, for which its compact habit rendeis it highly suitable. G. Steveni possesses larger flowers individually, and is distinct owing to its having a tuft of leaves at the base, from which its panicles of flowers rise more independently than is the case generally with its compeers. W. E. [The above are perennial species, and should, like many other perennials, be sown in well prepared beds or boxes in cai-ly summe]'. From this sowing jilants will be had for flowering the following year. Karlier sowing, if adopted, will not result in plants which bloom well the same year. These Gypsophilas may be increased by cuttings and division. En] CLETHRA ARBOREA.— I am pleased to iiee your correspondent " .T. C. M.," at p. S.'i, calls attention to this lovely Madeiran shrub, which is scarcely ever met with in private gardens. What the reason is for this I cannot even guess, it being easy to grow. The only two plants I ever met with were in Wor- cestershire and at Elm Grove, Saffron Walden. The latter was planted in a large pot, and was about 8 feet high, with a head of about .5 feet in diameter. It was always grown in a shady part of the conserva- tory, and used to bloom every year profusely. I might just mention that I exhibited this plant at one of the Safl'rou Walden shows, where it was very much admired. A. Bishop, Bury SI. Edmunds, ' THE EDUCATION OF YOUNQ GARDENERS.— No educational movement of recent times has jjroved more popular than the Cambridge and O.xford University extension lectures. They are now held in many towns and country districts, and are becoming exceedingly popular; they cannot fail to exercise a powerful influence for good in the places where they are held. The passing of Mr. Forster's Education Act, and the subsequent legis- lation on that subject, all tending to bring the highest advantages of education within reach of the humblest poor, has already eflfected a change for the better in the character and intelligence of our young gardeners; but if we are to judge by the shadows which coming events are said to cast before them, the improvement is nothing to what it will be in the near future when free education will have become an established fact. In view of this development of the intelligence of our youth, it seems to me an absolute necessity that some movement should be set on foot whereby the rising generation of gardeners may more easily acquire the scientific knowledge bearing upou their work. English gardening has been brought to its present honourable position mainly through the labour of practical working gardeners — men mostly of humble origin and scanty educa- tion, and as far as excellence of practical work is concerned, I doubt very much if the present standard can be excelled. Where, then, are we to look for the future elevation and advancement of horticulture? and to whom shall we appeal for help in educat- ing our young men in the sciences which have such important bearings on their work, such as chemistry, especially in relation to soils and manures, the physiology of plants, botany, geology, the study of air, light, heat, &c. I am aware that these subjects are taught in science and art classes in large towns, but country districts and small towns {where most of our gardeners are reared) are not blessed with these privileges. How, then, are these means of improvement to be brought within their reach ? It seems to me that our great national garden, Kew, has now a golden opportunity of stepping in and initiating a policy which will jilace it in the future in sympathetic touch with English horticulture. Kew is admitted to be the finest scientific garden in the world, and is presided over in its various departments by the most leained pro- fessors of our time. Let us then appeal to the directory to take counsel together and see if they cannot formulate and carry out some scheme which will bring this scientific knowledge within reach of our garden youths. There are now established in many towns and districts gardeners' mutual improvement societies. Would it not be possible for Kew to take adviintage of these organisations for giving lectures something on tlie same lines as the university extension lectures, h.aving power to examine students and give certificates? 0. Thomas, Chatsworlli. [.Some- thing of the kind is already done at Kew, but only for those employed in the gardens. Ed.] A BLUE CHRYSANTHEMUM.— As ilflTording some small assistance towards obtaining this desirable colour in Chrysanthemums it would be interesting to know how the so-called blue Chinese Primula was obtained?— and if this was done by cross-breeding, and what were the colours of the flowers so employed ? I ask this in the interest of horticulture generally, as I can hardly think it is a trade secret; and, like Mr. Davis, I fail to see any reason why a blue Chry- santhemum should not be obtained eventually, as we have all the shades of colour in this latter class of plants, which were found in the Primula previous to the advent of the blue one, and l.kewise many others ; but it would appear that so long as we depend so much on sports for our new varieties we are not doing much towards obtaining it. It would be interesting to hear what is considered the best time for crossing Chrysanthemums, and the subsequent treatment in order to ripen the seed, from anvone who has succeeded in tliis country. W. H. lliters, Ketton Halt, Stamford. [There is no Primula which is a true blue, although violet and mauve sliades abound. With regard to crossing Chrysanthemums the Japanese and Chinese have been doing it for ages, and have not succeeded in getting a really blue flower, nor shall we. Eo.] PLANT NAMES. — I propose to discuss this question from the point ol view of the gardener. We must admit at the outset that this point of view is not the same as that of the syste- matic botanist, but is often at a great distance from it. Ilorliculturally, we want a name for a plant for a very simple reason, i e.. to distinguish it . by. If we get a plant, the name of which we do not know, we submit it to those who do, or who will give it a new name if necessary. So far we are at one with the botanists, but in botanical nomenclature there is a constant tendency towards change, revi- sion, reconstruction. This is said to be necessary because of additional information, additional mate- rial, or a change of view ; consequently, the names of many plants are altered, once, twice, or more times, soth.at their first godfather would not recog- nise them. Botany is a progressive science, and finality in names is impossible ; but horticulture is troubled and confused by this ch.anging of names and there does not appear to be the slightest prac- tical reason for the change of a name which has planted itself firmly in gardens and garden litera- ture. The cause of botany may demand changes of this kind, but the cause ol horticulture does not ; on the contrarv, it is injured by it. I can easily illus- trate this. " Botanists say Azaleas are now to be called Rhododendrons, because there is no good botanical reason for keepmg the two distinct. Also, that Cinerarias must be called Senecios ; Areca lutescens h.as been renamed Chrysalidocarpus lutes- cens ; all garden Crotons must be Codi.Tums ; Glox- inias we are to call Sinningias. These are a few in- stances selected from hundreds of the kind. Amongst specific names the changing is enormous. It is not necessary for me to point out how such changes as those here mentioned would, if adopted by agricul- turists, be a source of much confusion and harm. Take the last proposal to change the names of two species of PhaUeuopsis (amabilis and grandiflora), for no other reason than that of a botanist's blunder fifty years ago. The plants under these two names are as well known in gardens as Fuchsias; they belong to horticulture more than to botany, and the proposal to change their names is simply ridiculous. Disa grandiflor.a was thus named by Linnieus m 1781, and it has been a well-known garden plant since 1825 ; but, because someone has discovered that the nauie'l). unifiora has been given to this Orchid by a botanist who, from the name, could not have known the plant, we are, forsooth, told that the former most appropriate name must be abolished, and we must ado]]t the ridiculous name of I), uniflora, for a plant wliich is only r;irely one-flowered ! When horticulturists have accepted, siielled, and assimilated a name, and used it for fifty years, the proposal to substitute some other name on the flimsiest of grounds is both mischievous and absurd. Indeed botanists themselves sometimes kick against alterations of this kind, even when as justifiable as those they accept. Witness the refusal to substitute Castalia for Nympluea. which, as pointed out by Jlr. J. Britten, ought, on the strict law of priority, to be done. Horticulture does not reiiuire the citation of the authorities for names. It has a literature in which authorities for plant names do not occur, except in extremely few cases. There is no reason whatever why they should be used, although in botany there is. Is there any common-sense reason forgiving up names wliich are as fixed in horticulture as house- holil words, for no other reason tlian that of a botanist's blunder? One thing, however, is certain, w;e do not want the names of plants changed for horti- cultural |iurposes, on the contrary, there is the strongest feeling against it aniongs'. those who preb r plants to names. The question may arise whether horticulture had not better have its own nomen- clature f.ir jdants, and leave botani.«t8 to their own devices. la botanical books the new names are in- I'KuisrARV 2, ISS'J.] THE GA I? DENE I? S' CHBONI CL E. 149 variably adopted ; in horticultural writinpis they are not. Surely the ultimate result of this must be evident to any one interested. The rising generation of systematic' botanists are likely to do a good deal of harm with their inordinate love of name shuffling, and seeing their initials as authority for plant names. A Gardener. [The best course for gardeners open walls for planting and furnishing a new house latelv erected here, and never before at this season have I seen the buds so small and undeveloped or the wood so green and soft., which, combined, give but little chance of a crop, as the blooms must of necessity be poor and weak when they open. It is fortunate that we have had such a mild winter, or Fig. 22.— toenip: ihregolae production of shoots, etc. (see p. 147.) to pursue, now that we have authoritative standard books of modern date, is to adopt the nomenclature therein given. The standard is Bentham and Hooker's Genera Flaiilaruai (for the genera), and for the species, Nicholsous's Dictionary of Gardening. Ed.] PEACHES AND NECTARINES AND OTHER FRUIT TREES. — We have had to lift trees of these from the shoots, in their Immature condition, must have suffered, and it is to be feared they may do so yet, as they are full of sap, and yet a check or cold is needed to keep them back, for, owing to the exceed- ingly mild weather, they have been on the move nearly the whole of the winter. The same may be said of Apricots, and it would not take much sun to cause their buds to expand, but Pears, Apples, and Plums are not advanced, and the whole of these trees look remarkably well, and are full of promise, which, no doubt, in a great measure is owing to the light crop they carried last year; and tlieir hardier nature enabled them to bear the low temperature better than Peaches and Nectarines and Apricots were able to do. Tile foliage, too, of the first named was kept clean by the frequent rains, whicli prevented attacks of red-spider, an insect Ajiple leaves often suffer from in hot dry summers or when growing on sandy or gravelly soil. This being the case here, we liave to mulch, which I find is a very great lielji, as it induces tiie formation of fibrous roots near the surface and the washings fi'om it and the decomposition of the material assist much in enriching the ground. For the purpose of mulching we use almost anything we can get, but chiefly rubbish, such as weeds, rakings, and trimmings of vegetables, which accumulate quickly in large gardens, and may always be turned to some good account. There is nothing, I think, better for forking in .about trees that are not growing freely, that is, so far as Pears and Apples are concerned, and when jireparing an old border before again repl.anting the first-named, we put a large quantity in at the bottom after removing a lot of the gravelly subsoil, and the young trees show how well it agrees with them. J. 8. FIGS. — Unless the advice given Ijy a " Brown Turkey," at ]). 118, is somewhat qualified, those who follow it will commit mistakes, as it is a method of procedure which can only be recommended in the event of unusually severe winters, or in very cold districts of the country. The last experience I had of Pig trees on walls being covered with a good thickness of Pern during the winter months until the end of March, was in Kent, in a place about 12 miles from Charing Cross. I had no control over the management of the trees in question but during the three years I was there I do not remember their having ripened a dozen fruits each, whereas several large standard trees growing in the open in the park at the home farm, half a mile off, bore heavy crops of good Figs annually, and the only attention bestowed upon these trees to my knowledge, was when the fruit was ripe. These results afforded me conclusive evidence in favour of the non-protection of Fig trees [there]. The Fig will stand 25° to 30° of frost with impunity, even in low-lying districts, and more than this in elevated situations. Trees taken off the wiill, bundled together close to the ground, and then covered to the thickness of a foot with leaves and Fern during the winter months and until the end of March, when the last part of the covering would be removed, may be said to have been subjected to a " mild pro- cess of forcing." I think that such rash exposure of the trees, as re-nailing them to the wall would in- volve, and biting winds, would hardly result in a good crop of Figs. In Longford Castle gardens the Figs grow on walls 10 to 12 feet high. When I took charge of them eighteen years ago, I found that when the trees had shed their leaves in the autumn they were loosened from the wall, the shoots tied together in a horizontal position, and placed within about 5 feet of the ground, and protected with mats during frosty weather; so, bearing my Kentish ex- perience in mind, and also wishing to act cautiously in the matter, Figs being thought a good deal of by my employer, I treated some of the trees as indicated for the first winter that I was here, leaving the others nailed to the walls, and without protection, and the result was, that the unpro- tected trees have much the better crop of fruit. It need hardly be said that since that time protection of any kind has not been afforded the Fig trees, ex- cept when the fruit is ripe. The trees under this mode of winter treatment have never failed to crop heavily. One year when we had, I think, 31° of frost, the points of the young shoots — which are never so well ripened as the wood below — were killed back about 12 inches by the frost. 1 may add that our Fig trees are trained with much precision, the proper distance and angle of the branches radiating from the centre of the tree being main- tained as in a well trained Morello Cherry or Peach tree, and the method of culture is the same, except that they are not pruned until the buds on the ends of the shoots have begun to push into leaf: usually about the first week in May. It can then be seen which shoots are the best furnished with embryo fruits and the trees do not bleed .so much as when the pruning is done, earlier. As in the case of the Peach, most of the old wood which can be dispensed with is removed at pruning time to make spaci for the young shoots of the previous year, these being laid in at 6 inche« 150 Tfli: GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. S, l88t). apart ; thus allowing space for a shoot of the current year to be laid in between ; these j-oung shoots, being stopped a few tim^s during growth. In conclusion, I would recommend those of vour read*^ra wlio have failed to secure a crops of Figs by following the covering up metliod to give that wliich has Veen at- tended with snch satisfactory lesults here a trial, and to report results in the Gardeners' Chronicle. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle, SalUbuiy. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Pbioes. LENT EOSES. Under this name are included several closely allied species of Hellebore belonging to South-eastern Europe and "Western Asia, of which the types are II. orientalis, H. olympicus, H. colchicus, H. abcha- sicus, H. guttatus, and one or two others. When these are grown together in gardens their seedlings often unite the characters of more than one species, and produce a very ornamental set of hybrids. This year they are flowering unusually early and unusually well. The plants stand 10° or 12° of still frost, even when in flower, without being damaged, but a less amount of frost, if acco3i- panied by piercing north-easterly winds, crippled them sadly. It is, therefore, better to plant thera in spots well sheltered irom the east wind. I find that if exposed to the sun in summer the leaves turn brown and die off" in winter, and the flowering is injured. They undoubtedly do best in ray garden planted close against a wall facing north; but the situation should not be too exposed. They are not particular about soil, provided it is deep and well drained. With my clay soil I mix limestone riddlings, working them in to a depth of at least 2 feet, I have from time to time bought named hybrid varie- ties, most of them having German names ; but about five years ago a friend sent me some seed and seed- lings from Devonshire, which have produced quite as fine flowers as any I have bought. The colours vary from nearly pure white, sometimes freckled with purple, to deep claret colour, passing through many intermediate shades. The seeds of Hellebore should either be left to ci»rae up where they fall, or be sown as soon as ripe. They then germinate the following winter, but if the seed is stored and dried, it either does not grow at all, or remains dormant for a year. Some of the seedlings flower at tvvo years old, but are not fine plants till their third or fourth season, and are then better than they ever are after division. Those with dark coloured flowers which come near the type of colchicus. are a month later than those with white or pink flowers. They are not good as cut flovv'ers for indoor decoration, as they soon wither; but if laid in shallow water in a flat bowl, the water touching the back of the flower, they will last for three or four days. A hundred of these plants give interest to a garden at a dull time, and do well in shady corners where other things refuse to thrive. C. WalleyDod, Edge Hall. Markets. COVENT .GARDEN, January SI. Trade still quiet, prices remaining unaltered, James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. FntriT.— AVERAGE Wholesale Pkioes, s. d. s. d. 1 Apples, half-sieve... 2 C^- 4 0 Grapes, per lb. - Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel .5 0- 12 0 ' Coba. 1001b. ...100 0-110 0 B. d. s. d. 0 6-26 LemoDH. per '•arte ...13 ft-21 0 PiDeKapples,Eng.,lb. 16-^0 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Vegetables.— A VEU AG K Retail PRiCEa. s. d. s. d. Asparegus, Koglish, per mo 5 f>- ... — French, buncIloIS 0- ... Bcnns. Jerhcy and French, perlb. ... 1 6- ... Beet, rt-d, per dozcu 10-20 Carrota, ppr bunch... 0 6- Cnulifiowpj-ft, each ... 0 3- Celpry. per bundle ... 1 ft- 2 0 Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- Endivp. per dozen ... 3 0- Green Mini, bunch... 1 0- Hertig. perliiinch ... 0 6- LeelfR, per hunch ... 0 4- Lettuce, per dozen... 1 H- Miishrooms. punnet 1 G- POTATDS.— Benuty of Hebron, fiOs. to lOOs. ; Imperatora, 70*. to 00s. ; Dunbar Regents, 110s. ; do. Majnum^, 12u«. ; and York Magnums, 10t>.t. jier ton. a.d.a.d. Mustard and Crew punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch .. 0 R- ... Parslev. per bunch.. 0 8- ... Pe:)S. French, per lb 1 D- ... Potatos. per cwt. .. 4 0-60 — kidney, percwt 4 0-50 — new French, lb 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle .. U 6- ... Seakale, puoiuet 2 «- ... Shallots, per lb. 0 ft- ... Spinach, per bushel.. 4 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. .. 2 0- ... Turnips, per bunch new 0 5- ... s. Araiia Si^boldi. (\or.. « Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 A/aieas dO'CQ ...24 Cineraria, per do?en 8 Cyperua, per dozen . 4 Dracasna terminalis, per dozen .30 — viridis, per doz.l3 Erica liyemalis, doz. 9 — caffra, dozen ... tj EuODymus, in var., per dozen 0 Evergreens, in var., per d07en ... ... fi Epiphyllums. doz., ..18 d. s. d. n-l« u 0-15 0 0-42 II 0-1-' 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 0-12 0 0-13 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 s.d.E. d. Ferna. in var., doz. 4 0-18 0 Foliage planM, vari- ous, e-ach 2 0-10 0 Firiia eln^tiea. each . I »i- 7 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 — Kom . doz. pots 9 0-10 0 Lily-of- Val ,doz. pts.18 0 30 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms iu var., each 2 6-21 0 I'elargoniiims, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Poin?;etlias, dozen ... 9 0-15 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanumfl. dozen ... 9 0-15 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0-90 Cut Flowers. — Avehag s.d.s.d, 0-6 0 0-8 0 9-10 9- 1 6 0-6 0 0-3 0 Abutillons, 12bun.... 3 ArnmLilies,12blooms 4 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, la blms. 3 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Christmas R3ses, 13 blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 4 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias. 12 blooms 15 Heliotropes, 12 epr. 0 Hyacinths, Koman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria. 12 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr.. bun. 3 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 6-16 0- 3 0 0-12 0 0-6 0 0-30 0 6-10 - 1 6 6-3 0 0-7 0 9-16 0-6 0 E Wholesale Prices. s.d. Mignonette. 12 bun. 2 0- Narcis,, paper-white, (French), 12 bun... 2 0- — double. 12 bun .. 1 6- Pelargoiiiums, laspr. 1 0- . 0 0 , 4 0- . 1 0 2 0 2 0- , 1 0- — scarlet, 12 spr. Poinsettias, doz. .., Primulas, dbl., 12 sp, Roses, Tea, per doz. — coloured, dozen. — red.perdozen ... — Safrano, dozen.. Sofraiio(Fr.), doz..., Stepbanotis, 12 spr. 12 0- Tuher06es.l2 blms.... 2 0 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 1 r- Violets, 12 bunches... 1 0- — dark, Fr., bunch 1 6 — Parme. Fr., bun. 5 0- WulllloMer?, 12 bun. 6 0- — French 1 0- 1 0- l.d. 4 0 6 0 3 u 1 6 1 0 9 0 1 6 6 0 4 0 2 0 4 U 3 0 15 0 4 0 1 6 1 6 3 u 7 0 2 0 3 0 SEEDS. Lonoon: Jan. 30. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, B.C., report to-day's market quiet. As regards red Clover seed full prices are cabled from America, whilst the samples offering from France show a marked falling off. Alsike, white and Trefoil, are held at recent lates. In Kye-grasses there is no quotable alteration. Spring Tares continue dear and bad, and conse- quently do not meet with buyers. For bird seeds the sale is slow. Peas and ilaricots keep steady. Iu Kape seed the tendency is upward. Mustard is unchauged. GOBK. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending January 26 : — Wheat, 30s. Id. ; Barley, 26s. 7d. ; Oats, 16^. 3d. For the corresponding week in 1888 : — Wheat, 30s, lOd. ; Barley, 30s. Wd. ; Oats, 16.S. lOf^. FBXnT AIJD VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: Ja)i. 30— Large supplies of all kinds of greenstuffs, &c. Trade very languid, causing prices to rule low. Quotations: — Brussels Sprouts, 6f2. to Is. per half-sieve ; Greens, 2s. to 3s. &d, per tally ; Cabbages, 2s. do. ; Savoys, 2s. toSs. do.; Cauliflowers, lOd. to Is. per dozen ; Broccoli, &f. to Wd. do.; Turnip- tops, Is. 6c'. to 2s. per sack ; Sjiinach, Is. to Is. Gd. per bushel; Seak.ale, Is. 3d. to Is. Gd. per punnet; Parsnips, Gd. to Sd. per score ; Beetroots, Gd. to Sd. per dozen ; Turni|is, Is. 9f/. io 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches; Parsley 2s. to 3s. do.; forced Khubarb, Is. 6<^. to 2s. do.; Celery, 6s. to 12s. per dozen bundles ; Horseradish, lOd. to Is. 2d. per bundle ; Spanish Onions, 7s. to 'Js. per case; English do., 5s. to 6s. per cwt. ; Dutch do., 2.?. Gd. to -Is. Gd. per bag; Belgian do.. 2s. Gd. to-!,<. {)d. do. ; pickling do., 4s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. do.; Endive, 2s. per dozen; Carrots, 20s. to 2l5s. per ton ; Jlangels, 16s, to IBs. do. ; English Apjiles, 3s. to 55. per bushel ; do.. Is. Gd. to 2s. oS. per half-bushel; American do., 6.< Gd. to 12s. per bairel. POTATOS. BoKouoH AND SpiTALFiELDS : Ja:i. 20. — The trade is slack, with more than .adequate supplies, and except for beet qualities prices tend against sellers : — liegent.s, Scotch. 90s. to 120«. ; English. 65s. to 100s.: Hehrons, 60.^. to 100s.; Magnum Bonums, 62s. 6e/. to 100s. ; Scotch do., SOs. to 120,<. ; other varieties, 60s. to 'JOs, per ton. Spitalfit:i,ii3 : Jan. 30.— Quotatii)ns : — liegents, 75s. to 110s.; Imperatora, 75.'. to 90,!.; Ilebrons, 60s. to 70s. ; Magnums, 65s. to 90s. ; Champions, OOs. to 65s. per ton. STR.vrFOKD: Jam. 28.— Quotations :— Scotch Mag- nums, 75s. to UOs. ; do.. Regents, 80s. to lOSs. ; English, light soil, fiOs. to SOs.; do,, dark soil, 60s', to 76.". ; Elephants, G5s. to 85s. per ton. The Weather. [Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the exces,s or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period nnmed, and is expressed in Day- degree — a "Day-degree" si^'nifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperatuke. AcCUMULATEr Sri Above or s ^.A Districts. below the S K Mean for y. 11 ?>* a: 2 . as.- the weeV euding > 0) ^! l¥- '■5 Em Jan. 28. -^ti -ti :s- -c a ss o g -ci ^i Principal Wheat pro- Dny- D,.y- Day- Day- ducing Districts. deg. rteg. dfg. deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 4 above 12 23 -t- i - 41 I. Scotland, E. ... 5 above 17 "A 4- 11 — 4.' 2. England, N.E. ... 2 above 11 30 - -1 — oO 3. England, E. ... 1 below li :;7 - IS ■V -JO 4. Midland Cos. ... I above 3 :o — 19 + 7 5. England, S. 0 C;iver.) 7 -.9 — 2' ^ h Priucipal Grazing, &c.. Districta. 9. .Scotland, W. ... ;; above 23 Vi -1- U! - 6J 7. England, N.W.... 1 above 9 24 - 11 — o£> 8. England, S.W.... 0 (aver.) 11 11 - ai - ■• 9. Ireland, N. 2 above 22 9 ■h P — '•il 10. Ireland, S. 2 above 21 4 -1- 2 — -Jl — Channel Islands I above 21 0 -1- H — ol Ractpajll Bbiwht SUKSaiNE. DTSTRICT8. d Is. 9 =1^ Iji :*^ «^2 £- ^5s ?«s 1 d — a lll Pi Principal Wheat-pro- Tenths of ducing Diatricte. Inch. 0. Scotland, N. ... 3 Ies3 19 3.1 !4 11 1. Scotland, E. ... ij less 12 1.0 31 23 2. England, N.E. ... :i leas 12 1.0 38 17 o. England, E. -1 less il 0.7 31 16 4. Midland Cos. ... 15 less IM OS 21 15 6 England, S. 0 le-33 10 0,7 21 16 Principalrtrazing.&c, Districta. 6. Scotland, W. ... 4 k-.i 15 :i.4 l!l 1.! 7. England.N.W.... 4 less 11 1 0 21 16 8. England, S.W.... 7 k-s IU 1.6 9 20 B. Ireland, N. 3 less IS 2.8 5 10 10. Ireland, S. 5 le-s 15 3.6 8 17 — Channel Islands 13 lefs 12 1.6 8 :ni THK TAST WEEK. The following summary rt^cord of the weather for the week ending J;in. -*>*, ia furnished from the Metpnroh>i;ical (_)ffice : — " The jccofhcr has bcfii sDinewhat fairer than of liitP in most ]iaits of tlio kingdum, but in Ireland .ind the S.W. of England tlie sky has been very dull, with occasional (but generally slight) fulls of rain. Fog was experienced at limes in diliercnt \r.\vis of thi.' kingdom. " The tciiipcratuYC has about equalled the mean in ' England. S..' and ' Enghmd, S.W.,' but in all other districts it has been above; in Scotland the excess has varied from 3° to 5^. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on tlie 2oth in most ])arts of England, and on the 2Gth at the English and many of the Irish stations, ranged from bQ^ in ' Scotland, W.,' to 54° in the ' Channel Islands.' At Ochtertyre the thermometer on the *3rd reached 57°. The lowest of the minima were registered on ifEDRCABT 2, 1889.] fllB GABD^Ni;}?S' GBHONICLE. 151 the 27t.h, wlien the temperature fell to 20' in ' Scot- lam], W.; ami to between 23° and 28° in moat other districti; ill 'Ireland, S.,' however, the lowest reading was 33°. and in the ' Cliannel Islands,' 35°. "The mill/all has been less th,an the mean in all districts. Over the greater part of England and in the E. of Scotland the fall has been e.xtremely slight. " Srii/ftf SHits^ihic shows a decrease in Ireland, the S.-W. of England, and in the 'Channel Islands,' but a decided increase elsewhere. The percentage of the possible amount of dui-ation was as high as 31 to 39 over the N.-E. and E. of Great Britain, while in Ireland, the S.-W. of England, and the ' Channel Islands,' it was as low as 5 to 9. Enquiries. " He t\at qxtettioneth mtuh s^•^ti liarn mucA. "—Bicorr. Japanese Ohcu(D5. C. W. S. would be much obliged to any of our readers who have been successful in the cultivation of the Japanese Orchids Angr£B- cum falcatum and Aerides japonicum if they would tell him what treatment they ivipiire as to heat, light, and moisture at diflerent se.isons, because he has failed to keep either of them healthy for long. ScARtET W.vtLFLOWER. — Will the firm which ad- vertised seed of the above in September last give its address in these columns, and will any reader give instructions as to the best kind of soil, &c., in which to grow double Wallflowers ? Nkholas. Notices to Correspondents. ARArcAniA iMunicATA CoN'iNo : ii. B. Not rare. Books : A. E. You can only apply to a second- hand bookseller, who may be able to get the book for you. Books : C. W. W. The Gardeners' AssistaJit (Thomp- son). Blackie & Son, Paternoster I^ow, London, or through any bookseller, price 31s. 6i. — V. Fam. Please state more fully what you require. BoRDEACS Broth : -V. This, which is recommended to be used in the form of spray for the Tomato and Potato rot, a3 well as for Grape mildew (Peronospora), and Lily disease, is composed of 100 parts of water, 6 sulphate of copper, and 6 of lime. Ca^jellias: R. H. B. Iu the case of the soil beiuji; in bad condition, it is better to re-pot before growth commences — say late in February or in March, otherwise re-potting is best done after growth is made and partially matured. If you have severely pruned in the head, a slight cutting back, of the roots will do no harm, and these will then go into a pot or tub proportionate to the size of the head. Chixfse Caddage : J. Joyce. You probably refer to the Shantung Cabbage, upon which an article appeared in our issue for May 19, 1883, p. 619. " CvPRiPEDiUM : " T. E. WalJcer. The work is pub- lished in England by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Royal ExoticNursery, Chelsea, S.W. CrPRiPEDiust CALLOsmi : Constant Reader. The plant was found by M. Kegnier in forests in Siam, at a height of 1500 metres. The dorsal sepal is very large, white, with longitudinal rays of green and purple ; the sepals green at the points, white towards the middle, and marked with lines of green and rose; the lip resembles that of C. superbiens. It is a vigorous grower, and flowers abundantly, commencing to do so in November. A night temperature of 60*^, and a day tempera- ture of 70'^, will suit the plant during the winter. Double Pheasan-t's - ete Narcissus : Constant Readci-. This bulb may be brought on by forcing, but the operation should not be hurried in the early stages, these late blooming bulbs being not very amenable to the regimen of the forcing- house. Of course the bulbs were potted early in the autumn. EccHARTs Boles : Bortus. The bulb mite is present in small numbers. Grow them on freely, giving liquid manure occasionally; and if the drainage is good overwatering during the growing season is not posMble, Frame to raise To^r.\Tos ; Market Gardener. As you have atable-dung, make up a bi^d about 2} feet thick, treading it well, so as to render the warmtii less violent, and more lasting. When linished put on tlie frame, allow the rank steam of fermentation to escape for a feiv days, then put on a G-iuch layer of sifted leaf and peat tan or fine coal-ashes. In this stulf, when the heat has lisen to tiJ^ to 83"^, the seed-pods miy be plunged. If the flue beneath the bed be used, it will dry up the materials of the latter which would therefore be better placed elsewhere in the Kose house. Gooseuerrv Caterpillar: W, C. We pity your case ; still we do not believe that the Gooseberry- caterpillars canie direct from out of the earth, crawled up the stems, and laid eggs on the leaves, and thence went to the standard Pear and Apple trees, doing likewise. A closer observation would have revealed to you the fact that the female insect — which was a chrysalis from a late summer brood, and which had passed its existence in the earth until March or April — was the culprit. Remedies, such as they are, are obviously those which would remove tlie progenitors of next year's destroyers; the removal or suitable treatment of the surface soil — in case of removal, burning it. It is a question whether this work, if dela)ed till winter or spring, is not too late ; but by removing it early in the autumn, or turning it up at inter- vals ot a month or so, so that the birds might aid in the work of destruction, better results might be obtained. A broad band of thick brown paper smeared with cart-grease, or coal-tar, fastened round the stem in March, would be of service in preventing the full-growa grubs from travelling from bush to bush. The eggs are laid on the leaves by the females of the latest brood, which have hibernated as chrsalids during the winter; and therefore the first steps taken should be in the way of attempting to lessen the numbers of females in the w.ay indicated above. All soil removed should be charred, or buried deeply close by — distant removal is not needed; and all rakings ought to be carefully collected and burned without delay. Many other remedies have been tried with various results. We may mention a few: — Sy- ringing with tobacco-water, if applied early; dust- ing with sulphur when the bushes are wet; a layer of powdered lime laid under the bushes ; also gas- lime ; the last two as a means of preventing the insects from emerging from the soil. Leaf Miner : A. H. Continue your hand-picking. Maggot in Marguerites : Co7isiant Reader. We assume that you mean the mining insect, which injures the leaves by making passages between the upper and lower epidermis. Catching the fly (Tephritis onopordinis) is out of the range of possibility, but the mining grub itself can be killed by squeezing the leaf between finger and thumb, all leaves much injured by the grub being cut off and burnt — not thrown away, to reproduce fresh generations in due time. Market Rates : Poor Gcordie, Horticultural Times and Coveni Garden Crtr-ei^e, published by R. Smith, 127, Strand, W.C. Melons : G. H. We do not know where Dells Hy- brid and Eastnor Castle are figured, except in trade lists. M. Ville's Experiments : Histon. The tenth added by M. Ville is, of course, as much a product of Nature as the remaining nine-tenths of which he speaks; the difference is that the nine-tenths are at hand, whereas the remaining tenth has -to be added. M. Ville's system is explained in his book. The extract referred to is expressly stated to be taken from a trade circular, and possibly does not fairly represent M. Ville's views. Najirs of Plants : J. L. Abies (or Picea) Veitchii. — Mrs. Smiley. Tradescantia discolor. — A. J. B. 1. Citrus myrtifolius ; 4, C. japonicus. The others we are unable to name, as the specimens are in- sufiicient. — D. Wallace. 1, Pellionia Daveauana; 2, Acorus gramineus variegatus; 3, Nephrolepis davallioides furcans. — D. McL. \, Oncidium tigrinum ; 2, Odontoglossum bictonense ; 3, Lxlia albida ; 4, 5, 6, 7, Crotons, which we cannot attempt to name ; 8. Bertolonia Van Houttiana. — CA. Mills. Strelitzia r'^gin^e.— J. E. 1, Thuia (Thuiopsis) dolabrata ; 2, Cephalotaxus drupa- cea ; 3, Juniperus communis var. etricta ; 4, Abies uobilis ; 5, Abies orientalis ; 6, A. Lowiana. — W. M. T, Pinus Laricio; 2, Pinus silvestris ; 3, Abies, probably a form of cxcelsa ; 4. Thuia (Thuiopsisi dolabrata ; 5, not recognised ; 6, Pious exceiaa. — A. F. Ilelleborus niger. Big clumps established iu tubs or pots, if put under glass (un- heated) in November, bloom wullat Christmastime. The blooms are marketable. Nerinhs Not Flowkrino : Constant Reader. It not being stated wliat species had failed to grow, we can do no more than give gf^neral directions. Being South African bulbs, aud deciduous, a dis- tinct resting period must be observed. Most of them flower somewhat earlier than the appearance of the leaves, and require at that season very great care in watering, no more moisture being afforded than is actually necessary. A rich, light, sandy loam is suitable for them, and a slight bottom- heat is of advantage during active growth, but cooler treatment afcerwarda, water being withheld as the leaf ripens. Repotting is not needed ofceuer than once in three years, but offsets should be removed and grown on in the same manner as flowering plants. If the leaves are dying back now, it is a sign that the soil is in bad condition, or that too much water has been given them since growth commenced. E.^amine them, repot, carry- ing out the above directions. As to temperature, 45° to 50° at night, and 60° to 65° by day, will be found high enough at this season. Pktroledm : C. IV. S. In " Answers to Corre- spondents," in our issue for the 12th inst.. under your initials, directions are given on this subject, We do not think anything can be added to them. Pit Lights and PuTrr: J. JV. B. If the rabbet be coated once with red or white-lead paint whilst in a perfectly dry state of the wood, and this is allowed to become dry before putting on the putty, and the latter be painted, when dry, with two coats of paint, there will be little danger from putty peeling oft". Your ingredients for putty are good enough, although some persons use a little white-lead as well ; it certainly gives toughness to the putty. A good method of glazing without putty on the outside, and one that allows of no drip, is to bed the panes in ordinary putty, and make them secure by little triangular bits of tin, or brads driven into the sash-bar; and then, instead of using a fillet of putty, give a coat of thick red-lead paint to the sash-bar, quite filling up any space there may be between bar and glass. Seeds ; J. N. The seeds of the plant named should be sown at any time during April, in pans of sandy loam and leaf mould, placing them in a cold frame. No coddling should be allowed, but full exposure when the plants are up. ToMATOs : Market Gardener. Any of the Perfection strain, Layton's Open-air Early Free and Sutton's Earliest of All, and Hathaway 's Excelsior are worth growing where full flavour is an essential point. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. V. Lemoine et Fils, 134, Rue de Montet, Nancy, France — New Plants. Jas. Cocker & Sons, 59, St. Nicholas Street, Aber- deen— Seeds. J, Lambert & Sohne, Trier, Rheinish Prussia, Ger- many— Wholesale Price List. Edmondson Brothers, 10, Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland — Seeds. Wm. Samson & Co., and W. and T. Samson, 8 and 10, Portland Street, Kilmarnock— Seeds, Plants, and General List. W. Thompson, 34 and 35, Tavern Street, Ipswich — Flower Seeds. ,} K-i. W. Mackey, 23, Upper Sackville Street, Dublin — Seeds, and Amateur's Guide. B(tuANT, Boulevard St. Cyprien, Poitiers, Vienne, France — New Plants, &c. CoMMUificiTioxs Received.— J. D.— W. W.— H. B.— W. C — O. T.— J. W.-W. E— J. S.— J. Rust.— R. A. R.— J. Hufjhe^.— VV. Watson.— J. A.— F. R.— A. D-— W. H. D.— T. C— T. G. H — A. M. L.— A. F. B. -J. U. K.— C. T.— A. S. M.— E. M.—DoaJo5e Maria deLa^orzqueta.—E.W. 3. -R. P.— F. S. DIED, on January 0, a^ed seventy-nine. Mr. Edward Chennell, late Gardener to Lee Steere, Esq., Jayes Park, Ockley, Surrey. The deceased was well known in gardening circles, was much respected, and had htld his situation for seventy years — a longer period than almost any other gar- dener in the kingdom. Ht was brought upon the estate, and went into the garden at thi? age of nine. 152 THE GABDENERS' CUB OKI CLE. [Veukuakt 2, 1889. R E B T To Offer. Very Cheap. . ^. ^ „ EADIXG HEKBAGEUUS TLAMS, J in jrrfiit variety. J. PEED A>D SON.S. Strciitham. S.W. To Offer, Very Cheap. HUBARB FUK I'OIICING. , I'AR.\GON. CHAMPAGNE, t ^'ICTOEIA. I J. PEED AXD SONS, Streatham. S.W. To Offer, Very Cheap. X T R A « T K 0 X G C U R R A > i S. Ehiclv, White aud ReJ. j .J. PEED A.\l) SONS, StFLatham, .S.W. To Offer, Very Cheap. 1 USH ROSES. — Rest A aneties. j Vfiry strong. , „ „, l J. PEED ASD SONS. Streatliam, S.W. E A To Offer, Very Cheap. ROSES I X ROTS, Strong for Forcing. J. PEED AND SOXS, Streathfini, S.W. A To Offer, Very Cheap. VENUE TREES, of extra size, in variety. Will nirive safely. .J. PEED AXD SONS. Streatham, S.W. To Offer, Very Cheap. TANDARD APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. In Best Varieties and Bearing Condition. J. PEED AXD SONS. Streatham, S.W. To Offer, Very Cheap. ■DRAINED PEACHES, PLUMS, and PEARS. Extra strong. J. PEED AND SONS, Streatham, S.W. r 0 S I A H LL B A T H I Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf White Elephant Kivers' Roval do. Early Rose Jlyatfs Prolific do. Magnum Bonum Jlona's Pride York Regent Snowdrop Scotch do. Adirondack Iniperator Village Blacksmith ' Red Bog Early Beauty of Heljmn Schoolmaster Dalmahoy Early Don And other leading varieties. Prices on application to York Street, Borough Market, S.E. CHARLES HOBLE, BAGSHOT. AUCUBA .TAPONICA \ERA. 1 to SJ feet. 6.t., Els., Us. vrd./.. ,. ,. LOXGIPOLT.V. 1 to I'Heet. 6s., t»s.. K's. perdo/.cn. AZALEA MOLLIS, tiiiely budded, 9s., 12s. per do/eu. GYNEHIfM ARGENTEI'M PUMILUM (clumps), in., IL's. ISs. per dozen. OLD MONTHLY CHINA ROSE (strong), .is. per do/en. ERICA CARNEA. 2Is., L'.'.s., per 100; 4s. to 6s. per dozen. FLOWERING ALMONDS (standards), 9s., 12s. per dozen. LAURELS, Common. 1 to 2 feet. 8s., 12s. per 100. „ CAUCASICA, 1 to 2J feet, 10s. lid.. Lis. per 100. ,. COLCHICA. 1 to I'J feet, 10s. 6ii , Lis. per 100. ACER NEGUNDO VARiEGATA, 2 to 4 feet, 6s., in., l-'s. per dozen. PPUNUS PISSARDII. '. to 7 feet, 12s., ISs. per dozen. VIRGINIAN CREEPER. 4s.. 6s, per dozen. BERBERIS \'ULGARIS ATROPURPUREA, Js., 6s. per dozen. .. AIJUIP'OLIA. 13 to 18 inches, 15s., 20s., per 100. WEBB'S COB NUTS. 3 to .t feet, 5s., 7s, id.. 9s. per dozen. FARLEIGH DAMSONS (standards), 12s., 16s. per dozen. PORTUGAL LAURELS, IJ to 2* feet, 6s., to 18s. per ilozen. AKISTOLOCHIA SIPHO, RUBUS LEUCODERMIS, and other Climbers, 9s. to 18s. per dozen. Many Thousands of Shruba, Trees, Fruit Trees ana General Nursery Stock at fabulous reductions. CHARLES NOBLE, BACSHOT. NOTICE, NEW SEEDLING POTATOS for 1889.— The BRUCE, best Maiu-crop Kidney, and Early White I'URITAN, best early Kidney, offered 25 per cent, under usual Tirices for cash ivith order. Also many other leading varieties, cheap. Apply to KD. CRUST axp SOX. Growera, Spalding. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following: — SEAKALE for Planting. 5s. per 100, 40.s. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, 50s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf), 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS, Staudar.is, 75s. per 100. DAMSON (Farleigh), Standards, 75s. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, ISs. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, 2 to 4 feet, extra line. 2os. to 30s. per 100. WILLOWS. Weeping, 8 to 14 feet, 6s. to 12s. per do/.en. I NE- APPLES.— A quantity of strong healthy Plants, principally Queen and Smooth Cayenne, for Sale cheap. Warranted free from in^^ect^^. Apply. The GARDENER. Heckfield Place, Winchfield. Hants, R'~C)SES ! ROSES ! ! HOSES ! ! !— fhe"best and cheapest in the World. 40 choice Perpetual for 21s. Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. .TAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter. r ^OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, \J tlie same aa supplied to the Royal Agricultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, free on rail, L. B. S. C. or S. E., £1 .'>s,, other lines, £1 ; 20 bag*. 15,=;. ; 40. £1 8s. Bags included. Ca^h with order.— J. STEVENS and CO., Fibre Merchants. \h.i. High Street, Battersea, S.W. To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Archr • angel Mats lower than any other hou-*e in the trade : also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre. Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free, — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.G. ODD TRAYS.— AVOOD TRAYS.— For Sowing Seeds, Growing Bedding Plants, Striking Cut- tings, &c. Cheaper and better than pots or pans. 1x9x2, 2s. per dozen, 10s. per 100. Sample, with List, six stamp?, free. CASBON'S Box Works, Peterborough. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR "WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenliouses, Frames, &c, 1 Cwt.. and Oil SUxture. Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, io Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. HAVING P U II C II A 8 E 1) the entire stock of PEAS (which contains many excellent sorts and crosses) raised by Mr. T. Laxton of Bedford, we wish to inform the Trade and Gardening Public thet it is our intention to develope all the advanced sections ; and after the most careful and complete culture introduce them as soon as stocks are sufficiently large. HARRISON & SONS, SEED GROWERS, LEICESTEli. GANNELL'S SEEDS ^PERFECT ONLY- DIRECT FROM,- uau TT IS A SETTLED QUESTION that our X Seeds (auO acres), owing to our sunny position, w.trmer and better soil, are a lot the best, the difference between them and those grown farther north, bought and sold half-u-dozen times by those who never grow a grain, is immense. Have them direct from uf», the Actual GkoTFFHS, at nearly whole- sale prices, effecting a great saving. Numerous First-class Certiricates the last quarter of a century stamp ours the best strains. All Seeds Carriage Free, except heavy kinds. Send for ours, the be^t Illustrated Catalogue ever issued. Mr. R. R. Oswald, Chapel Street, Birkenhead, Fcbruari/ 10, ISSS. " Your seeds are the best I ever grew. I took Fl. ven Fir^t Prizes with them last year." A. J. ElworthY, E?q., Vpwell, Wisbec/i, October 8. lb»S. "I have again had good success at our Annual Sliow on July 25 last, taking in all Twenty First Prizes from plants supiilied by you." Mr. A. W. Child, Botanic Avoine, Belfast. " The seeds I had from you last year gave every satisfaction. I got fearful rubbish from Germany— served me right fur trying foieignera." SEED GUOWERS and MERCHANTS, SWANLEY, KENT. CANNELCS SEEDS .PERFECT ONLY- DIRECT FROM^ U BELLB BAUVAGE TABD, LUDOATE HILL. E.O. BACHELOE'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Biscoant for Cash. For Market and Private Growers. ORNAWIENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. iJescriptice CATALOGUES l:,st-Jrrc. VaM Crawley, %l Sussex- \ I^IES DOUGLASII (iLAUCA, 8 to 4 feet, > i^ is,\-. pi>r do/.. ; 4 to .T feet. 21.?. ; 5 to ti feet. 'Ms. AlilES MKNZIESir, :i to 4 feet, 4s per do/. ; 4 to .i fet-t, 9is. AIUKS I'.MIUVANA. 1^ to 3 feet. 24s. per do/. ; 2 to a feet, :i6i. I'lM'S HDLANDERI. y toSfeet, 9^. perco/.; 3 to 4 feet. 12«. I'INl S CliMhRA.-'i to4feet, 4s. perdo/. ; 6 to 6 feet. l^s. I'ISCS UONTUKTA, 2 to 3 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, ;. per lOOii. SCOTCH FIR (Tran.splaiUed, extra), 1| to 2 feet, 45. per 100. 30s. per luOO. .TAS. BACKHOUSE Axd SON. York. Yucca gloriosa. GEORGE LEE, E.IMI.S., has some fine Plantsof the above, many of \\hich are strong blooming plants, spreading 4 or more feet each, tine for planting in open spaces near Woodlnnd Patlis or Drives, at from \s, ^d. to 5s. each. Clevedon. .Tanuary 12. EUE NATIVE SCOTS FIR.— 500,000 stout, extra rooted, 1^ to 2 feet, and 2 to 2J feet, fheaji, to clear prounil. T. JIATHESON", Nurseries. Morpeth. 10(10 SEAKALE ROOTS for Forcing.— A A ^^^V-' capital lot, specially grown for extra-line produce, 10s. per luO, ca>h with order. G. H. COPP, Gardens, Holnei;t Park, Sherborne. '^FHE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL X SOCIETY great trials of Toraatos in 1888. — The ■TOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE says :— •* Of the varieties grown, PERFEOTTON is the chief, yielding the finest fruits, anil perhaps the most remunerative crop." Price, in sealed paek.Hs. Is. tjf/. and 2s. (3d. post-free, from CARTER'S, 237, Hi^h Uolborn, London. B~ RUSSELLS SPROUT SEED. — Grown from selected stems, and one of the be^t stocks that ran be obtained. Price 3s. 6rf. per lb. Cash with order. The Trade supplied on usual terms. Apply to C. MYATT, Market Gardener antl Seed Grower, Harvington. Evesham. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, .3. 4, 5, and 0 feet. ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTKIACA, 3, 4, 5. and 6 feet. AH well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER, Kunp Hill Nursery, Woking. Surrey. TrOR SALE CHEAP, 4000 OAKS, U to -IT 15 feet, 30s. per 100; 200 HORSE CHESTNUTS, 36s. per 100. Apply to THOS. HEDLEY, The Gardens, Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds. THE MARQUIS of HARTIXGTOX'S Head Gardener ?avs : — "What an appropriate name is that given to CARTER'S SCARLET PERFECTIOX CARROT." Price in sealed packets, ls.6rf. perpz., post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London. FOREST TREES.— Alder, 2 to 2^ feet, I65. perlOOO; Ash, 1^ to 2 feet, IJs. per 1000 ; 2 to 3feet. 16s. per lOfJO ; 3 to 4 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; Beech. 1^ to 2 feet, 1.55. per 1000 ; 2 to 2§^ feet. 18s. per lOUO ; ^ to 3i feet, 22s. per 1000. Spanish Chestnut. Ij to 2^ feet, 2us. per 1000; Rourtree, 2 feet, 2.5s, per 1000: Elm. 3 to 4feet. 18s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. English Elm. 4 to 5 feet, 4Us. per 1000. Larch, U to 2 feet. Itjs. per 1000; 4 toSfeet, 2Ss. per lOOU. Scotch Fir, lito2feet, 12s. p3r 1000; 2 to 2^ feet, 16s. perlUUO ; 3 feet. 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir. 1 to 1^ feet, 10s. per 1000; IJ to 2 feet. I2s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2^ feet, 16s. per 1000. Silver Fir, 10 to 15 inches. 18s. per luOO ; 1 to Ij foot, 20s. per 1000. Pinua austriaca, 1 to IJ foot, 15s. per 1000; 1^^ to 2 feet. 18s. per 1000. Sloe or IJIackthorn, 2 to 3 feet, 2Us. per lOUO ; Sycamore, 1 to U foot, 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2J feet, Itis. per 1000 ; 6 to 7 feet, 6s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. SEEDS. — Richard Smith & Co., "Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles ^Peas especiallv). and the liberality of the CoIIeitions at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST. Mhich will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. NEW LOVELY SHIRLEY POPPY. Fairest aniong»t Flora's olferings comes the Shirley Poppy. re\elling in the n.ost de'icute colours Nature has been pleased to bestow. Originating from Papaver Rha-as, it is perfectly hardy and uiU grow anywhere. Opinions of th-.' Press during the pa--t sea-tun liave been nio-t la\ i-ih in its praise. For Early Flowering Sow at once. Prifj Is. per I'ncket, Poxtfnc. iTHOS, BUTCHER, j Skku Mkhchant and Gkowkh, UEOllGE STREET, CllGYDON. Febectart 2, 1889.] THE GAFDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 153 /^TJO T /^OT^MT THE LARGEST AND OLDEST V»nrki JLiV/rilLlXZij GERMAN seed house, ERFURT. All Flower and i'egetable Seeds are inf plied Fast-free, and arrive within 10 d^ys after receipt of Order. Before you Order NOW HEADY, tbe English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, aod exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS and POST-FREE. on application. Postage for Letterg to Germany, 2\d, Post Cards. \d. YOUR SEEDS FOR THE SPRING, READ THE ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, and yon will buy your seeds much cheaper than from any other firm. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress of Germnny, H.M. the Kiof: of Saxony. H.M. the King of Bavaria, H.M. the King of the Netherlands, H.M. the King of Roumania, H.M. the Kmg of Serbia, H R.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse. H.H. the Duke of Anhalt, 100-103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. AU nower and Vegetable Seeds are SuppUed Post-free, and arrive witbln 10 days after receipt of order. A New Plant to English Gardens. HA R T L A N D ■ S GOLDEN Q DILLED DOUBLE SUNFLOWER. " Soleil d'Or." See Gardeners' f/ironic^e. .Tan. 26, 1889, for illustration and full particulars, with a f-iithful drawing by Gertrude Hartland. ^'ery large clumps, 2s. &d. each, post-free, 27s. 6rf. per dozen. Second size ... Is. 6rf. ., ., 15s. Orf. The dozen lots for combined orders, carriage and post-free. ■■ YEAK BOOK " of SEEDS for 1889. post-free. WM. EAYLOK HARTLAND, Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. pARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."— \^ For the fourth season we are sending out our true strain of this grand ivhite Clove-scented Cirnation, more robust than the old red Clove, and larger flowers. No conser- vatory or garden should be without it. For cut flowers it has no equal. Good rooted layers. £1 per 100. lis. for SO, 6s. for 25. We have a fine stock 'of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, well set with flower-bnds. from Is. to 20s. each, rash with order. COLLINS AiD SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. . PICEA CONCOLOR. PICEA CONCOLOR VIOLACEA. These are probably the most beautiful of all the Silver Firs. Imported by ils direct from the high mountains of Utah ten or twelve years ago. they have stood the severe frosts of that period without trace of injury. In this respect, as well as being fuller in outline, denser and more recurved in foliage, and more lovely in colour, they much surpass P. lasiocarpa or Lowiana, &eed of which, or of P. grandis, is usually supplied by American collectors under the name of P. concolor. Perfect Specimens of PICEA CONCOLOR. the foliage of which is pea-green. 3 to 4 feet high. 10s. ^d. each, 90s. per dozen ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, 15s. each. loOs. per dozen. Perfect Spi.-cimen3 of P. CONCOLOR VIOLACEA, the foliage of which is of a beautiful silvery or glaucous-blue shade, .? to 4 feet high, 10s. 6rf. each ; ditto, 4 to 5 feet. 1.5s. to 31s. &i, each. Illustrated CATALOGUE of Trees and Shrubs on application. .TAS. BACKHOUSE aj<. Hiid ollirrw ((.■onrentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S " PRpDUCTIVE" MANURE, in b:ig9, £3.per_tOn (bags included) ; sample 1 cwt. bag. 4s.. producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times theactual cost. Try it against any other manure, no matter what price. CHUBB'S "COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags, £2 per ton (bags included); siimple 1 rwt. bag. 3s.. made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash ivithorder. Bankers. Union Bank nf Ij^uien. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD. MILWALL, LOITOON. E. IVTATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest i-l Manure for Garden use. Price £3 10s. per tou. in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sei)t, carri- age paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts pom Thirtemth Anniial Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABIES. FRUIT. &c.— C. FlDLEB. Reading, used it for Potatos, and says; — " I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. WaiTE, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a tirst^rata Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the five years during which I have freely used it I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS. &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley. used it for Roses. Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says:-" WUh- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.G.. where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c.. may be obtained. Agents wanted. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I D E'S BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade, Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost prom/jtne.ss and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. GEO. GARSIDE, Jun.. F.R.H.S.. Leighton Buzzard, Beds. 154 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fbbbdaby 2, 1889. FRESH CUTTINGS OF SPLENDID ORCHID PEAT. Nineteen Certificates of Merit awarded to W. WOOD & SON. SPECIALLY PREPARED, FREE FROM ALL WASTE, PUKE BRACICEN FIBRE ONLY. ISs. per cask. WOOD & SON, WOOD GREEN, LONDON. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Earich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO., (Limited). 109, Fenchurch Street, LondoD. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of first-class nuality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples, Price List and Testimonials. DepSt tor HORTICULTUEAL SUNDRIES. LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Bingwood, Hants. HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an insecticide, it kills effectually all parasites aud insects which infest plants whether at the roots or on the foliage, without injury to tender plants^ such as ferns, etc., if used as directed. Used as a WASH it imparts the gloss and lustre to the foliage which is so desirable on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without it! It makes a silky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action ; kills fleas, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be without it! Used with ordinary household soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTANT, BLEACHER, & CLEANER OP FABRICS. It kills insect life on man, animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, wherever parasites may appear. Soldby Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d.& 4s. 6d.; ^ gallon 78. 6d., 1 gallon 123. 6d. , or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Mancliester. Wholesalk from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK— RoLKEa & Sous. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 af^ainst Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6rf. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, l^d. per yard ; 10.?. per 100 yards ; 25 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free, As. ; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard, 20s. per lUO. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh, 1 yard wide, 2d. ; 2 yards wide, 3(^.; 4 yards wide, fjrf. per yard. COTTON NETTING. 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees. &c.). PILCHARD NETTING. 12 yards wide, finch mesh, 9rf. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London. E. lERCE'S SCALE FEEDER and PACKET FILLER MACHINE for Sale. A great convenience and eaving. Price, nett cash. 30s. Fourteen days' trial allowed. G. F. PIERCE, Depot, 9, .Tamaica Street, Bristol. SANKEY'S "MARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best " Garden Pot " for Bedding Plnnta aud Market Work. The 3-in. Market Pot holtls as much soil an an ordinary ^in. pot, thus saving half au inili in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in., 4 in., 4^- in., and 4j in. ; norims, nearly upright, an inch to li inches deeper than usual, very strong and mu*.h lighter in weight — the very pot for Market Growers ; great ecoDomyinroom and weight. Largest Stock iu UnitedKingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. w. H. LASCELLES & go. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. . THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS Straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 635. As illustrated above, price 3S. and 48. per dozen. Driving Eyes,— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 633. 2 2^ 3 3^ inches. 3d., 4d., 6d., 7d. per doz. Beat Galvanised Wire. 1/3, 1/6, 1/9 per 100 yards. Ilhistrated CATALOGUE on aypucation. J. J. THOMAS & CO.. 87, Queen Victoria Street, London. E.C. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FKIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS] REGISTERED TRADE MARK] BPOR PRICE. LIST & PARTICULARS ADDRESS- | ENJAMlNrDGINGTON /? OUKE ST Li lONDONBfl/Da£ \ ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. 8FND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRUKY lANE. W.O. 8S. 64. per 100 feet 16 oz. 128. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... Putty, 6s. 6t(. per owt. ; Speciality, lls.fxl. percwt. 20s, ; Oxford Ochre. 24s. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 12X10. 18X12, 18X14, 24X14, 14X12. 20X12, 18X16, 24x16. 16X13, 16x14, 20X16, 24X18. &c. White Lead, genuine, 2l5. ; Our i Paints ground in Oil. Stone Ochre, Green, 16s,; Black, 16s, per cwt.; Varnish, from 55. 6rf. per gal.— Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 95, Bishopsgate Street Within. London. E.C. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, iKD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Rooting, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and moat economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS Hnmeroni Prize Medals and CertUlcatsB of Uerlt. Fixed in any part of th« Kingdom with Hot-w«t« App»r»tiui complete. Catalogn* Frtt. Xaartli of England HortioiUona Works, DARLINGTON. 21-OZ. Foreign of the above t*i/ert, in 100 and 200 loet boxea, Srda and 4th8 qualities, always kept in stock. A UxTfiti Htock of similar current ei^tes of 16-02. filafis in 200 feet boxes. Km/hsh GInss. cui to buyer'.s sizen, nt lowest prices, including free ddwf-rtj in the cnimtry in quantities. GEORaE FABMILOE & SONS, 34, St. JoUn Street. West Smltbfield, London, E.C. atock List and Prices on apvlication. Prtca l^iit of Colourt, Famishes, Designs of Stained &! Leaded Glcui. Quote Chronicle. February 2, 1889.1 THE GARDENEliS' CHRONICLE. 155 SCIENTIFIC PRUNING and TRIMMING MADE SAFE, EASY, and RAPID. The Nciv and Latest Inccntionfor Scientijic Pnonui/y Trimming and Thinniny-out on a large scale. THE GIANT PRUNER. The great success of the "Stamiartl" Tree Primer niul the "Mytionttah" has induced us to give our atteution to (he pro- ductiou of a somewhat similar Implement, but of n much more powerful construction. In the Ginnt Pruner you have a tool oiipaMf of EASILY cutting a branch 7 inches in circumference, witli an exerting pressure of IJ tons, in 13 seconds. Lengths from 2'feet to 12 feet. Prices from 225. to 30s. For Illustrated Price LISTS (in English. Freucli. t;-Tni;in. Ac.) of above and other Novelties in Pruning Tools. Fruit imd Flower Gatherers. &c., apply to the Principal Ironmonf;ers luid Seedsmen at home and abroad ; or of the The New and Ing-nioiw Hand to Hand Pruner, MYTICUTTAH " (Registered Tnuio Mark and Title). Paimted in Great Britain, France, and Gertnani/. Hitherto, strictly correct Pruning could only be (lone by holding the branch with one hand and using a Knife with the other, but then only tor small branches, whereas the " MyticuttaJi " itself holds the branch, cutting over an inch in diameter, and in case of prickly bushes, &.c., it saves the hands from injury. iJanlen and Lopping Sheurs, which hack and bruise the branch, are entirely superseded by this new Patent, and its miiiiy advantages will at once commend it to thi- practical Gardener or Forester. Sole Proprietors and Makers : THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COIViPANY, ST. ALKMUND'S CHURCHYARD, DERBY. THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS, AND SURREY WORKS, BLAGKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E., HOKTICULTURAL ENGINEERS to HER MAJESTY THE QDEEN, caU Special Attention to tlielr Patent Wrought-Iron Municipal or Angular Chamberea and Tubular HOT-WATER BOILERS, And others with SHELVES, and Hollow or Ordinary Cast-iron GRATE BARS. CAnni C Rflll CDC "'"' waterway backs ,inrl WELDED BOILERS, any of « hiih are specially adapted for Heating Greenhouses, Coiiservatoriea, Churilie-, Chapels, OAUULU DUlLLnO? schools, Public Buildings, Entrance Halls. Warehouses, Workshops, &c. They are the neatest, cheapest, most effective, and durable of any extaut. r/jc Ml'XlCJPAL and TUBVLAIi ones are remarkable Jor their great heating power, slow combjistion, and the length of time the fire will bum without rc ,, tiyS 0 ,> byS 0 „ / Calculated to ,, by 2 3 ,, by 2 6 " f heat 4-in. piping ,, by 3 0 ,, by 3 0 ,, \ asfoUows;- „ by4 0 „ by3 9 „ -' TESTIMONIALS. , 1000 ft. 1280 ^2200 /4000 Wooo Price £15 „ 21 „ 32 „ 60 85 Messes. THOS. GREEN asd SON. Ltd.. NORTH STREET. LEEDS. Re HEATING APPAKATUS. Borough Engineer's Office. Muuicipal Buildings, Leeds. Jantmry 9, 18S6. Gentlemks. — I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the efficiency and satisfactory working of the Hot-water Heating Apparatus you erected in these public buildings. The buildings are four storeys high, and we have a total length of about 28,000 feet of piping in them, varying in size from 1^ in. to 6 in. diameter, with their connections, &c. The severa offices and rooms can all be in operation at one time or separately, and the heat regulated by means of the valves to the temperature required, even in the coldest weather. Two of your Patent Municipal Pattern Boilers, No. 4, work the whole of this piping easily, although we have three of them fixed. They are very powerful and economical in the consump- tion of fuel, and I am pleased to be able to report of them and the apparatus so favourably. I am. Gentlemen, yours truly, THOS. HEWSON. Borougli Engineer. Morley House. Bagot. St. Saviour's, Jersey, November \t)th, 1886. Gentlemen. — The large Municipal Boiler which you sent me last year is doing its work satisfactorily: it is heating 5.O0O feet of 4-inch pipe in one of my vineries, and I am quite sure that it has power to work a much greater length, while in cost of fuel it compares favourably with my other Boilers. I have now five of your Boilers in use, and I cannot speak too well of their heating powers, or their comparatively small consumption of fuel. Messes.. THOS GREEN and SON. Ltd.. LEEDS. Yours faithfuUy. (Signed) G. W. BASHFORD. AND HUNDREDS OF OTHER REFERENCES CAN BE GIVEN IF REaiTIRED. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., post-free 3Jd. ; twenty-five copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of uot less than 25 delivered, Carriage Free, in Loiuhm only. Not less than 100 Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W". RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 156 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febhuaey 2, 1889. WIRING FOR GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED WIRE. 14 B.W.G., 2s. per 100 yards. GALVANISED EYES. IJ in. from shoulder to eye. Id. per doz. „ TERMINALS, with Winders, 8s. per dozen. „ ,, without Winders, 2s. 3d. per doz. Complete Catalogue of all kinds of Iron and Wire Fencing free. BAYLISS, JONES, & BAYLiSS, WOLVERHAMPTON, And 139 and 141. CANNON STREET, LONDON. E.G. T PA"I*EJ\IT * Garden Pots. Made in auperior earthen ware, 14 in. long. 6^in, deep,and6in. wide. Inside. '2\ inches from the top, ia a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for ciittinps or seeds is placed, the lower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each ; glass shade for top. Is. 6rf. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. I Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade. I They are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and shape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List.— THOS. PASCAXL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S.E JAS. BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTUHAL BlULDERS and Heating Engimekrs, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in cither Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels. Shooting Lodges, Cottagea. Teaoia Courts, Verandahs, &c. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Churches, S.'hools, Public Buildings, Mansions, Harness Rooms, Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. lUuatrated Circulars Post-free. complete Catalogue, 3s. CHEAP FRAM E S. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kiml of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted; — £ s. d. 2 6 feet , 4 feet 12 feet , 4 feet 6 feet , .5 feet 12 feet , 5 feet ' 6 feet long, 3 feet wide ( \ 2 - - • - ■ '---6 2 Cases I 4 FREE. ^ Packing Larger sizes at prnporttonate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Hoyal Hortii^uHural Worke, Mlddleton, MaacheBter. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedt-man, &c., 2, HoUoway Road. N. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (TelegrapMc Address-" HOT-WATER, LONbON." Telephone— No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their NEW PATENT (No 9090, isss) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, "Wliich is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market. It combines all the ad- vantages of its class so well known, and by the improved method of forming the joints — ui-r., ivith India- rubber Washers, the Old and too often Ineffect- ual way of caulking tne Joints Is entirely dispensed with. It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thorotightt/ soimd and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every posiible way, more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result hat been highly satisfactory. I OF FATtNT JOIMr THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &C. raSPECTION INVITED. PKICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 1». UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. BOULTON&PAUL~Rwrcr No. 74.— THBEE-aUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, o«ing to the extra height ami convenience for attention. They are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted atthe corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilating. Glaired with best 21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame 4 ft. by 6 ft 2 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ 24 „ by 6 „ (£2 4 0 15 0 7 6 0 0 1-2 6 5 0 10 17 6 CARRIAGE is paid to any atation in England and Wales, to Dublin. Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or statiuns equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock pj AQQ always on Hand. \J }_j J\ O O i Special quotations for >/uanfities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Beat, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, sh.Tpf, and fini&h ; enormous stocks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting ; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different si/cs. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £5. EICHAKD SANKEY anp SON, BuIwpII Potteries, Nottinghana. Garden Nettings, Hothouse Sbadlngs, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE .SHADINGS. TIFFANY. RIGBY', WAINWRIQHT ASD CO., Manufacturers, Nepti ue Works, Manchester. COTTU.N WOOL and WADDING tor Flori-ls. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. OUR NOTE BOOK, ii2 TnKrp. price 6d. post-free. A Collection of Valuable Papprs by experienced Representa- tive Growers on how to grow puccejsfnlly Ornpes. NoctAriiies, Peaches. Tomatos, Mufihrooran, and mo?»(. VeKPtjibles. A S]>ecial paper on how to prow Vegetables for Exhibition ; also compre- hensive and la(e6t information on the culture of Orchids, llos^s. Begonias, Ferns, Chrysanthemums. Carnations, AuricuLiB, Pan- nes. &c.. by Barnes, Douglas. O'Brien. Wright, Rivers. Hudson, Bailhe, Molyneux, Richardd. Orchard, Birkenhedd. Caetle, Denn. Lfling, &:c. Appendix Articleson Fruits and Vegetables; their Value, and how to Preserve and Cook them. Also a Valuable Calendar on how to be successful in thrt Mauiigi-nient of Bees, giving direi'tions for each month. Price 6d., pOBt-ft'Ce. W. WOOP AND SON, Wood Green, LONDON, N. FebrCaet 2, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CERONIOLE. 157 /"GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, VX Virgin Corh, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Cauea. Rualio Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. I'O. Lnw^r Thames Stwet:. Tflndon. E.O- FOR SALL, a Slow-combustion Greenhouse STOVE, rortway'y. Will heat 120 feot of ■I-im-li pipe, iinite new. Price £2 10s. ; (■09t£.S; ami will be sent frt'o to luiy niilwiiy station. Ap\)ly to THOMAS CRIPPS AND SO?J. Tuiibridge Wells Nurseries. Kent. MESSENGEB & CO 'S New CATALOGTTE of Gieenliouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found tlie mo^t compIetL, praLtaal. and rL-Imble guide to all about, to Imild, alter, or heat gieeiihoii-ses. niustratioDS of every description of Gla^sliouse. from tlie largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protet'tors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-wafer Pipes, and all appliances lor heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvement.-* in gf'-enhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in ganh-ning, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, tlie result of many years" experience. Price 2s. pOSt-free. A large numlxT of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various jcirts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue showd, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable na to carry out work with the utmost proiuptnesa, and in the very best style, at pi-ics \\ hich defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on appliiatioii, MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. ^° .^ .sl^^' ^■^J> ^. °n Sam pit's ^< ^ ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S ROYAL IRISH CAMBRIC POCKETHANDKERCHIEFS, COLLARS, & CUFFS. HANDKKRCHlEF,s,perdoz.: Children "i bordered, li. 2 /. ; Ladies', 2-'. ^^d. Gent's. 3^'. 6/. HeMSTITCHKD :— Ladies', 2s-. lljrf.; Gent's. 4s. ll ""-^^ TABLE AND HOUSE LINEN. pi.SH NAPKINS. 2s. llti. per dozen. rjTNNER NAPKINS, 5s. Gd. per dozen. rp A IU,E CLI ITHS, 2 yds. square, 2s. llrf. : -*- 2i- yards by 3 yards, 5^'. lid. each. ROYAL IKLSH LINEN SHEKTING, FuIlyBleached,2yd3.wid.', Is. Hd. Iier yard ; 2^ yards wide, 2^. 4J''. per \ard (the mostdiiralde article made). SURPLICE LINEN, Id. per yd.; Linen Dusters, 3<. 3d., Glass Cloths, 4s. 6^. per dozen. ■piINE LINENS and Linen Diaper. S^d. -*- per yd. Frilled Linen Pillow Cases, from Is. 4J(;. eacli. -pOLLER TOWELLING, 18 in. wide, -'-*' 3Jrf per yard. KITOHEN TABLE CLOTHS, lljti. each. QTRONG HUCKAB.A.CK TOWELS, ^ 4-^. 4'/. 1 er dozen. "jVrONOGRAMS, Crests, Coats of Arms, -L*-^ Initials, &c., woven and eaibroi- dered. Stend for ^'ninples and Illustrated Price Lists, post free to . ■} ani/ part of the World, hi/ V^. Entered at Sta. ilall. ■.^^\V ^^ Robinson & cleaveR, Belfast. rpflegraphic Address, "LINEN," Belfast. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, & C. SEND FOR PEICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE GARDENERS' GHRONIGLE - — ♦ Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as tivo. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 IS Lines . . £0 8 6 6 „ . . 0 3 6 16 . 0 9 0 6 „ . . 0 4 0 17 . 0 0 H 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 . 0 10 0 8 „ . . 0 5 0 19 . 0 U( (i 8 „ . . 0 5 () 20 . Oil 0 10 „ . . 0 fi 0 21 . (Ill Ij 11 „ . . 0 (i 0 22 . 0 IL' 0 12 „ . . 0 7 0 23 . 0 ll> ti 13 „ • . 0 / 6 24 . 0 13 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 25 . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVKHY ADDITIONAL LINL. If Bet across two Columns, the lowest charpe will be 20s. If set acro^ three Columns the lowest charge will be UOi. Page, £S; Half Paffe. £1 10s. ; Column. £-'1. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, imluding name and address, Is, M., and tid. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THF-9E ADVERTISEMF.NTa MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charjred at the on! i nary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.—Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Poat-o/fices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. BiRTu.s. Deaths and Marbiage.9, bs. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Oifice by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kinudum : 12 Mouths, 153.; 6 Montha, 7s. 6d. : 3 Months, 33. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including PostagB. 17b. 6d. for 12 Mouths; India and China 193. 6d. Post offii'e Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRimV LANE, W.O., to \V. RiCHABUH. PuBusHiNQ Office and Office for Advertisemknt3, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Bent, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, ami (iniali ; enormous at^cln. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting; orilers executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free uu jElO orders; half carriage on £5. RICHARD SANKEV andSON, Bulwell Potteries. Nottingham. Demy 8vo, 123. AMONOGHArn OP THK BRITISH UREDINE^ AND USTILAUINE.E. With an account of their Biology, including the methods of observing the Germination of their Spores, and of their Experi- mental culture. By Charles B. Plowright, F.L.S., M.R.C.S. Illustrated with Woodcuts and 8 Plates. London : KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH and CO. "Destined to become the fruit garden of the Universe." — Morning Post. THE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION COLONIES. Illustrated ; 3s. id., all Booksellers. CHAFFEY BKOS. (Ltd.), 35, Queen Victoria Street, E.G. Pamphlet free. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDKS ;— THE AMERICAN GARDEK ... 16tli Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. and HORTICULTURIST MndYear. THE FLORAL CABINET ... ITtb Year. United In ONE. Making the Largest, Best, Oltest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNALFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for Englamd and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, lOs. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL ASD JONES. 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Crosc. London. S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Sub- scriptions may be sent. 158 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IFebeuaby 2, 1889. MATS, NETTING, TIFFANY, RAFFIA, Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Brown Fibrous PEAT, Coarse and Fine SAND, &r. Gardeners, Sec, will save 2.5 per rent, by sending for our LIST (post-free) before orderiofj elsewhere. BRINKWOKTH AND SONS, Reading. SANKEY'ri "MARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best " Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3J in. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3J in., 4 in,, 4^ in., and 4f in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to 1^ in. deeper than usual, very strong and much lighter in weight — the very pot for Market Growers ; great economy in room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHAKD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. YOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and maketheirown way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations found for all Pupils at good salaries. AM. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK begs to • intimate that lie has a few Vacancies for Young Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of his tuition in PRACTICAL and THEORETICAL HORTICULTURE, BOTANY. BOTANICAL TERMINOLOGY, LANDSCAPE GARDENING, BOOK-KEEPING, and COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE in DUTCH, GERMAN, ENGLISH, and FRENCH. The highest possible references, English and Continental, can be given. — Full particulars as to terms, &c., upon application. A. M. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK, Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart. near Zwolle, Netherlands. WANTED, AT ONCE, TWO thoroughly experienced GARDENERS, for Single-handed Places, Must be able to produce exceptional references for character and ability. Indoor and Outdoor. — Address, in first instance, with copies of testimonials and wages required, to W. JOHNSON, Forge Nursery, Burton-on-Trent. WAN TED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Eoui'ardias, Roses in pots, Solanums, Pelargo- niums, Dracrenas, Ficus, Palms, &c. ; also with a knowledge of Growing Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Vines, and the General Stock of Plants for Market, Forcing, and Cut Flower pur- poses.— Address, with testimonials for the above qualifications, and lowest wages required, to W. JOHNSON, Forge Nurseries, Burton on Trent. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR, thoroughly well up in all departments. Also a smart, active, young MAN used to General Glass Work.— R. PENNELL AND SON, Nurseries, Lincoln. ANTED,a. JOURNEYMAN for the Houses, well-up in Fruit-growing for Market. One direct from a market Garden preferred. — Apply, stating full particulars, to MANAGER, Frythesden Gardens, Berkhampstead. Pelargonium Grower. WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly well up in Growing Pelargoniums and Genistas for Covent Garden Market. — State l>y letter age. experience, and wages expected.— CHARLES WOODROFFE. Sudbury. Harrow. N.\V. WANTED, a thoroughly competent Man as ROSE GROWER, where Cut Blooms are required in quantity all the year round. None but really experienced men of good character need apply.— ROBERTS BROS., East Grinstead. WANTED, a MAN, about 30 to 3.5, married preferred, to take Management of Plant and Cut Flower Department and Outdoor Jobbing Work. One with experience and used to men,- Church Walk Nursery, Stoke Newington, N. (near St. Mary's Church). ANTED, a MAN, thoroughly well-up in Rose Growing under Glass. None need apply without first-rate character as to ability and sobriety.— E. WEATHER- ILL, Woo. married when suited; understands Gardening in all its branches. I'ifteen years' experience. Seven years' character last situiition.— JOSEPH BAKER, Bladon Lodge, Blenheim Park, Woodstock. Oxon. ARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Age 2.'J, single ; good reference from present and previous situations, — G. H., t>. Jutland Road, Catford. GARDENER (Second), where three or four aro kept, or UNDER FOREMAN in the Houses.— Age 25. single; no objection to a little Outside Work. Bothy preferrcil. Good character.— A. S., 3. St. George'a Cottages, Queen's Roiid, Weybridge. GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out, or Sls<5LKl(ANPEn. or where help is given.— Age 24, married; can be well recommended. — E; LAMBERT. Garn- stone. Weobley, Herefordshire. ARDENER (Under), under a Foreman preferred. — Age 19; steady and active young man. — H. LASKEY, Careby. Stamford. ARDENER (Under). — Age 20; leaving whi'ii iMi-riiged. Five years' character. — R. C., 61, Rose- borry Road. Clapham Park, S.W. GARDENER (Under), in a good establish- ment. Kitchen Gardening preferred. — Age 21; six years' experience. Good character. Total abi^tainer. — F. JANAWAY, Prison Quarters, Winchester. Hants. GARDENER (Under), Indoors or Out.— Age 20 ; four years' experience. Good reference^. — E. LETHBRIDGE, Hope Cottage, Princes Road, Norbiton, King- ston-on Tliames. ARDENER (Under); age 21.— .T. Wadham, Gardener, Kydinehurst. Cranleigh, can confidently re- commend F. Mansfield to any Gardener wanting a good hand for the Kitchen and Pleasure Grounds, and fill up inside if wanted. Left through the place being reduced. Good chamcter. FOREMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out— Age 27 ; twelve years' experience. Two and a half years' good cliaracter from last place. — J. TUCKER, CaUly JIanor Gardens. Birkenhead. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age So ; Twelve years' experience in Fruit and Plant Growing; also Floral Work. Good character.- R. SMITH, The Gardens, Margcn.* Hall. Reigate. FOREMAN. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' expe- rience in first-class places. Good knowledge of Plants. Well up in Early and Late Forcing. Can be highly recom- mended.— Address, with full particulars, J. D. B.. Annexe, County Asylum, Whittingham. Preston. FOREMAN.— C. J. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor Gardens. Beckenham, will be glad to recommend his Foreman (T. May) to any Gardener requiring a very steady and trustworthy young man. He has been with him over four years, and is leaving for no fault. OREMAN.— Age 23 ; thoroughly under- stands Vines. Peaches, Cucumbera, and Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. House and Table Decoration, IJutton- holes and Spravs. Eight years' experience in all departments. Good references.— C. BOWYER, The Gardens, Paxton Park, St. Neots. OREMAN: age 25.— H. Markham, Mere- worth Castle Gardens. Maidstone, will be pleased to recommend his present Foreman, who has been witli him two years, to any Gardener iu want of a steady, ndiable man. Several years' experience in good places, including Pontypool Park. Cyfarthfa Castle, Burghley, &c. Strong and healthy. OREMAN, in the Houses, or GENERAL in a good establishment. — Age 27. — D. McKexzie. Gar- dener to Lady Siemens, Sherwood Park, Tunbridge Wells, would be pleased to recommend hia Foreman, Thos. Porter, as above. Twelve years' experience. FOREMAN. PROPAGATOR, and GROWER of Ro->^^. Chrysantbcmnms. Eucharis. and all Choice Flowers and Plants for Market, Grapes. Peaches, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Make Wreaths. &c.. if desired.- Age 3n ; last situation four years.- HORTt'S, Witton, North Walsham, Norfolk. OREMAN or GROWER.— Age 23; ex- perienced in Market and other Nurseries. Could Manage a Smalt Nursery. Well up in Ferns, Crotons, Dracaenas, Soft- wooded Plant-si Grafting. Wreath, and Shopwork. Good testi- monials.—REX, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. V^.C, OREJIAN, or SECOND GARDENER.— Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in good establi.'hments. Highly recommended as to character and ability. Good references.- FOREMAN. South Lodge, Pemberton Road. East Molesey, Surrey. ORE>L\N, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.— Age 26; thirteen years' experience in good places. Excellent testimonials from present and previous employers. — F. SKELTOX, Pepper Arden, Northallerton, Yorks. FOREMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept or FIRST JOITRNEYMAN in good Establish- ment.— Age 24 ; ten years' experience. Five years' good character in present situation.— J, MUDDELL, The Gardens, Chilgrove, Chichester. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market. — Ago 31 ; sixteen years' practical experience, having a thorough knowledge uf the Cut Flower and Plant Trade.— R. A. E . 4. Victoria Street, Lincoln. PRORAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants for Market. — Age 29; fourteen years' ex- perience.—A. B., la, Peerless Buildings, Peerless Street, City Road, E.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market.— -I- Middle-nged, married, no fiiniily; thorough Indoors and Out. Good character.— E. H., J\lr. 'chamberlain, Wostlake Nurseries, Spring Grove, W. To Market Growers. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Tomatos, Cucumbers, Eudiaris. Houvnrdias, Carnations, &c.— Age 22; nine years' experience, (imni character and references. — H. HENDERSON, 1, Sh.U'ii Ganlnn. Twickenham. To Market Niu-serymen. PROPAGATOR (Wott-wooded), or GROWER. —Age 24; good references. ~ R. T., 1, Piaed Street, Paddington, W. To Nurserymen! PROPAGATOR (Assistant) and GROWER. — Well n> in Ferns and Palms. Nine years' experience. — WM. WRIGHT. 4 t. Cedar Street, Kedleston Road. Derby. pOSE-GROWER.— Age 38, married; tho- XV roughly experienced. Cut Bloom for Market. Success- ful Rudder and Grafter; five years in large establishment.- C. H., 29, Lower Glen View, Eiist Grinstead, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; good knowledge of Orchids. \'ines. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Highly recommended.— H. STOLLERY, Bearwood Garden'), Wokingham, Berks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. — Age 21; abstainer. Good characters.- G. WOODHATCH, Quex Park Gardens, Birchington. Ki-nt. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 23; good experience under Glass.— W. DAVIES, The Gardens, Biddulph Grange, Congleton. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; seven years in present place Good character.— C. COX, Tandridge Court Gardens, near Godstone, Surrey. OURNEYMAN; age 20.— B. Gwtne, The Gardens, St. Catherine's Hill, Worcesler, will be pleased to recommend a strong, respectable young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; three years' in present situation. Good references. HEAD GARDENER. Froyle Park, Alton, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendation. Bothy preferred.- S. H. SNELL, Upton. St. Mary Cliurch, Torquay. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 19; two years in present situation. Can be well recommended. — A SJHTH, Garnstone, Weobley. Herefordshire. To Gardeners. JOURNEYMAN in a good Garden.— Age 21. Six years at the Royal Nurseries, Slough. — F., Royal Nurseries, Slough. JOURNEYMAN, in private establishment pre- ferred.— Age 20 ; six years' good experienee in Nursery Inside and Out. Four years' cliaracter. — H. ROWE, Cameron House, Glebe Road, Weston-super-Mare. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers. — H. N., The Gardens, Lockerley Hall. Romsey, Hants. OURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 18. — Mr. Street, Gardener, Cannon Hill, Maidenhead, will be pleased to recommend P. Flexek as above. Three years here. Inside ami Out. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. — Age 21 ; five years' experience. Excellent character. Bothy preferred. — A. C, Woodlands Lodge, Van- brugh Hill, Blackheath, S.E. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; Gardener's son. Three years' in last situation, in a Nobleman's Garden. Can liave good references. — HORTUS, Abel Munt, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. JOURNEYMAN ; age 22.— Gabdener wishes to thoroughly recommend a young man as above. Six years' in present situation. — W., 1, Prospect Place, Wol- borough, Newton Abbot. OURNEYMAN, Inside or Out, as may he required, — .\ge 22; four years' experience. Can be well recommended. Bothy preferred. — T, HUNT, Batchwood, St. Albans, JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 22; four years' good character. Bothy preferred. Four years' experience in Stove and Greenhouses. — W. S., Great Melton, Norwich, Norfolk. OURNEYMAN.— Age 20; abstainer. Six years' good practical experience. Good character. Bothy preferred.— H. .JENKINS, The Gardens, Raby Castle, Darling- ton, Durham. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 20; six years' pood character from Mr. Rust. Bothy pre- ferred.—E. LEAilY, The Gardens, Eridge Castle, Tunbridge WeUs. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and " Out. — Ape :J0 : five years' experience. Over two years in present situation.— OWEN DAVIES, The Gardens. Tiraber- hursl. nnry, Lancasliiie. JOURNEYMAN ; l^e 23. — Heniiy J. tJ Clayton, Gardener, Grimston Park, Tadcastcr, cim re- commend .loHN Snici.i. to anyone wanting a good Journcymnn with a Charge. Has been with him four years. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— Mr. MlLSOM. Claydon Garden-*, Wiuslow, Buck,i. will b.- pleased to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man uh above. Seven years' good practical experience in tlie pro- fession. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN.~Mr. Mitchell, Gardener to Sir George Elliot. Bart.. M.P.. Aberaman Gnrdens. Aberdare, South Wales, can liighly recommend for the Hoiisen, under Foreman, a clean active young 'man, who has been with him fifteen months. IMPROVER, Indoors and Out.— Age 19 ; three years' experience. Premium given. Good character.— H. POLAND, Church Lane, Guestling, Sussex. TMPROVER, under Glaas.— Age 18; k now- X ledge of Orchids. Three and a half years' good char acter. — E. PARSLO W, Barvin's Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. IMPROVER, Inside or Out; age 18.— Mr. Brown, Coombe Priory Gardens, Shaftesbury, will be pleased to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man as above. Three and a half years' good character. 0 MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser would be glad to hear of a situation in a MarketNuraery under Glass. Eight years' experience. Good references. Age 22. —J. .T., Whittington Nursery. 6.^. Highgate Hiil. N. 'TX) NURSERYMEN.— Wanted situation X, under Propagator. Five years' good character. Good general knowledge of all branches of Indoor Propagating. Experienced Rose Rudder.— W. E. KEARNE, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts. 0 GENTLEMEN.— AVanted, a situation to Work in a Gentleman's Garden where three or four are kept, by a man wlio lias a knowledge of Pleasure Ground Work, Married, no family.— Address, with particulars, to B , .34, Maysoule Road, Plough Road, Battersea, S.W. COWMAN, or to fill up time in Garden. — Leaving through breaking-np of establishment. Eleven years' good character.— W. W., Lime Tree Cottage, Lower Mitciiam. 0 HEAD GARDENERS.— Advertiser can confidently recommend a steady, reliable man (age 25), to Attend Fires, and till up time in Houses, or Outlloors. — G. H., Holland Cottage, Framfield. Sussex. SHOPMAN or MANAGER.— Age 30; good O knowledge of Seed. Bulb, Plant, and . Flower Trade. State wages. &c.— W. HARRIS, John R. Box, Seedsman, Croydon. SHOPMAN.— Age 30, single; twelve years' experience. Seeds and Bulbs, Wholesale and Retail. Good references.— C. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, W.C. QnOPMAN and CLERK.— Six years' exp^ri- O ence. Shorthand (Pitman's), Book-keeping. &c. Good references.— J. Y., Fox & Co., 33, Marlborough Road. Dalston, London, E. SHOPMAN (Junior), with good knowledge of all Seeds, Bulbs, &c., desires engagfraent. Active and willing.— W., Wilkie, 4, Huntly Street, Edinburgh. CLERK, in a Nursery. — Age 28 ; thoroughly conversant with the names of planfg. Good Writer, and knowledge of the French Language. Good references.— A. THATERER, 20, Asylum Terrace, Knap Hill, near Woking, Surrey. FLOWER ARRANGER.— A young German, (age 23); eight years' experience at largest affiiirs of Germany. The same is well practised in the most horticultural branches. Good references.— Mr, LUNG, 33, Ernst Merk Street, Hamburg. SEED TRADE. — Advertiser requires a situa- tion— Retal or Wholesale. Fair knowledge of Plants. Thirty years' experience. — R. BRYAN, 156, Albert Road, Heeley, Sheffield. ^yO FLORISTS.— Re-engagement wanted, by J- a young Lady. Thoroughly well up in the Cut Flower Trade. Good knowledge of Seeds and Plants. Has had the Management of a Florist's Shop in a fashionable provincial town. — Apply, stating salary, to PTERIS, Gardeners' Ckrnnide Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— The sudden changes frequent fogs, and pervading dampness sorely impede the vital functions, and conduce to ill-health. The remedy for these diseases lies in some purifying medicine, like these Pilla, which is competent to grapple with the mischief at its source, and stamp it out without fretting the nerves or weakening the system. HoUoway's Pills extract from the blood all noxious matters, regulate tlie action of every disordered organ stimulate the liver and kidneys, and relax the bowels. In curing chest complaints those Pills are remark'-bly effective, especially when aided by friction of the Ointment on its walls. The double treatment will ensure a certain, steady, and beneficient pro- gress, and sound health will soon be re-established. 160 THE GAUDENEBS' chbonicle. [FEBnoABY 2, 1889. AVEEKS'S PATENT DUPLEX UPRIGHT TUBULAR IS THE PRINCE OF BOILERS. It lias the longest record of any Hot-water Boiler extant. It has Hollow Furnace Bars, tvhich last 11 years longer than solid ones, and add 20 per cent, of power. It has facilities for being easily repaired. It has means of removing sediment. It has proved a real boon to Gardeners, It has been a source of profit to employers. A 10 years' conditional guarantee given with every Patent Duplex Upright Tubular Boiler -when fixed by J. Weeks & Co. Peick list and PAHTicuLAna frek on api'lication to J. WEEKS & CO., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS, &c., KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Fourth Edition. Price Is. ON GROAVING ROSES OUT-OF-DOOKS. By Rev. 0. FISHKE. London : BRADBTJRY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, B.C. Editorial Communications »l,oulcl l,e ad.Irn.ssed to " T],e Editor ;" Advertisements end Business Letters to ■■The rnblisher," at l_l.e Olli..j.. 41 Wellington Street t;ovent ""'''''■'• ""If;" •.^^■C, Priiited bv William Richardi at tlio Ollice ot Messrs Bkadbitbv. Aonf.w, & Co., Lombard Street, precinct ol Whitetriara, City ot London, in the County ot Middlesex, and published by the «iia WILLIA JkichardI, at th^^^^ n, WeufngtoTsJSortS oVsl S'i, Oovent Garden, in the said County.-SATUBDAY, February % 188«. Agent for Manch»ster-,IoK» Hevwood. •Established No. 2611. 1841 No. 111.— Vol. V. {s'^.rEs.} SATURDAY, FEBRUAEY 9, 1889. [Regt. as a Newspaper./ '"'C^ 3d. ° F F -^ Post-free, 3}h niiiiiure ■plower garden, the Forest i)roducts, uses for minor Fruit culture a huudred years ago ... ,, ,, on farms Fruits, preservation of... ,, under gla^ Fuels and atokinK Gardening appointments Habenaria ilacowaniana Hampton Court gardens Hardy fruit o;arden Kitchen garden Laing. J., & Son's nur- sery Lilium auratum ... Law Note : — Carter & Co. t', Bolton Low & Son's nursery, Messrs. H. ... Manchester Royal Botan- ical and Horticultural Society Manures for Peach trees . Natal to tlie Transvaal ... Newcastle Botanical and Horticultural Society . Odontoj^lossum luteo-pur- pureum var. crispatum Orchid roots, bitten Pine-apples Plant colour Plants and their culture . Prickly Pear, to get rid of Primroses, hardy Rhododendrons, cow manure for Royal Horticultural So- ciety Rye-emss in pastures ,,. Sander and Sons' nursery Scotland Seed Trade and the Mer- chandise Marks Act ... Societies- National Chrysanthe- mum Scottish Horticultural Association Southampton Horticul- tural Tabernajmontana tlori- bunda Testacella Maugei Uncle .lacks Violet culture Illustrations. Abies bifolia, cone, scales. &c ,, lasiocarpa, cones ,, subalpina ,, ,, branch Easton Hall, Grantham, terrace garden at .. Embia, eating Orchid roots ISK Hi7 171 173 172 174 17:i 177 ISI Adcertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstaJices ivhatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. S UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AXD SONS, RE.ADING. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1880, — Now ready : price 1^., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated ■with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulaa, Sutton's Tomatos. and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockince Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, the Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Noveltiei of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS. Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and SC'-d Merchants. Worcester. Garden and Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &c. CG. VAX TUB ERG EX, Jun., • H.iarlera. Holland. WHOLESAXE CATAXOGUE now reafly, and may be had free on application to Mefflrs. R. SHRERRAD AXB SON, 25, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friare, London, B.C. ASPARAGUS ROOTS in Scilly Isles.— 12,000 strong, tor forcing. 50s. per 1000. — Samples to be seen or obtained at EARR axd SON. 12, King St.. CoventGarden. W.C. G lAXT ASPARAGUS.— Grand clumps for Forcinf; ; 2.':. per dozen. 1.5s. per 100. £7 per 1000. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. PRIMULA OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet. 6d. and 1'. Large Trade packct.s, 2s. Gd., bs., 10s. 6d.. and 215. each. Primroi^e, Old Double Crim- son Pompadour : see coloured plate iu the Garden, Oct., IWH, Magnificent plants, l.'js. per dozen, ls.6rf.each. See Hartland'a " Year Rook " of Rare Seeds for lAm. Post-free. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Seedsman and Florist. Cork. OTICE. — SQUELCH having dissolved Partnersli carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All ilVbts liod daily, and accounts settled wet^kly, or as desired. Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, \V .C. H O I C E FLOWERS and F R U I T. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, London, W.C. WILLIAMS, 21, Catherine Streetr and • Covent Garden Flower Market, is open to RE 'EIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice FLOWERS, and any quantities of FERN. Best Prices. Returns Weekly, and Prompt. Good references. Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes. &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Departs meet, HOOPER and CO. (Limited), Cuvent Garden, W.C. RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RE(5eTvE and DISPOSEof any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 6U, Ca-stle Street. Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. Reference: London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address — Adiantum, London. ESSRS, GREGORY and EVANS, NURSEEV.MEN, Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287, 288, Floiver Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIA'E CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Eoseg and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — '• COMMISSION, SIDCUP." J. Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. \\7"AXTED, 5000 ABIES DOUGLASII, 2-jr. V T Seedlings. Sample and price to J. CHEAL AND SONS, Nurserymen. Crawley, Sussex, ANTED, Cuttings or Plants of ROUVaK- DIAS. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, late White Tree CAR- NATIONS. PELARGONIUMS, and Ladd's Queen of White GERANIUMS, &c.; also about 200 TOMATO PLANIS (in thumbs), or strong Seedlings. Price per 100, &c,, name to E. S., West End Gardens, Thorpe. Chertsey, Surrey. ANTED, ORCHIDS, EUOHARIS, ROSES, Maidenhair FERNS, and any other choice Cut FLOWERS in quantity. Best Market Prices returned weekly. S. HILL. Jun.. 21. Charlotte Street. Fitzroy Square, W., and .3tj3. Covent Garden Flower Market. W.C. ANTED, a Large Specimen KENTIA FORSTERIANA, with not leas than 12 or 14 leaves. Also a large Specimen COKDYLINE INDIVISA, in perfect condition. — State price to A. W. SMITH, Seed Merchant and Florist, Hawkesbury. near Coventry. ANTED, good TOBACCO PAPER. Send lowest price per cwt. to C. S., care of Willing. 125, Strand. W.C. w 30,000 LILIUM AURATU M,— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now bo purchased in Ca.scs containing 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 25s. perCase ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipf of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Ca.ses con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., 6s., 9s., 12s,, and ISs. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6d. and 3s. Gd. each. All sent packing and carriaye free. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. THOMPSON, Seedsman, 34, Tavern • street, Ipswich, begs to announce that his FLOWER SEED CATALOGUE-for the present Season is Now Ready, and maybe had on prepaid application. It includes in addition to all the best of previous introductions, some New and Rare Seeds, exclusively in hti plJH-^^.■^^^ion. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARR'S 1881) SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POT.VTOS, handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BAKE AND SON, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. DWARF KOSES.— Cheaper than ever. All the best leading varieties. War- ranted true to name. The best money can buy. Sample dozen from 3s.; 22s. per 100— packing free for cash with order. Send for a LIST. A. J. AND C. ALLEN, Stone Hills Nursery, Norwich. PALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the loading kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslan, Germany. REAL'S SINGLE DAHLIAS. — Seed from this celebrated stiain, selected from over 50 of the best named varieties, 1.5. i5f/. and 2s. Gd. per Packet. J. CHEAL AND SONS, Crawley. PPLE TREES with Miatleto growing on them, 10s. 6rf., 15s., and 21s. each. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. UN YARD'S Prizetaker BROAD BEAN. The finest ever t;ent out free for 20 stamps per Packet. Wholesale of Messrs. HURST ASD SON. London, only. GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO., Seed Merchants. Maidstone. SELECTED SEED POTATOS. — The best k^ varieties for table use. The best varieties for exhibition. Delivered free. Lists Post-free on application. DICKSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. /CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.— \^ Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled for this purpose ; in tins. Is., 2s, 6rf., 5s. Gd., and 10s. 6d. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited), 9,BulI Ring, Birmingham. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURK.— This valuable Manure is made only by uh. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords. Gala-ohiels. N.B. 1 1 on 000 CtARDEN pots, 3h in. diam., L^ X\/\/^ V/\7\/ in stock, ready for immediate delivery; carriage and breakage free on £10 orders; half carriage on £.^. Acknowledged by the trade to be the best pots manufactured. Largest Stock and Large>t Manufacturers in Unit'?d Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEYand SON, Bui well Potteries. Nottingham. Q END FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of O Conservatories. Greenhouar-s, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, pf accounts on the book. £t00 required. Stock at a Vali'ation. and book debts can bo t«keu over or not.— Apply. Messrs. FIKTH AND CLARKE, Accountants, I'O, Bedford Row, W.C. February 9, 1889.' THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 163 FUR SALE, a SEED BUSINESS, &o., in a hirjienna thrivino; Town. Established 10 yeara. Sales ovcr£70t>0peraniuim, at good i)rotits. Incominp about £1000. Address. The AGENCY. 1V». Fiiisbiiry Square. London. E.C. 0 LET GLASSHOUSES, GARDEN, and a Aeres excellent LAND, all in tiri*t-clti^'* eon.Iition. Addre^^, ^Ir. IJKOWN. Florist, Chariot Street. Hull. Farm, High-class, 11 Miles ft-om London. TO BE LET, on Lease, at expiration of present holding; (.."^liehaelmas next"), the ccniimct and choice property known ii.-> VICARAGE FARM. Heston, Hoiinslow. sitviate a few yardv-i only- from the Barracks Station, on the District Railway, and about 12 miles from Covent Garden. The Farm comprises about 2-lii acres of most productive Arable and Pasture Land, and is surrounded by pood hard roads. It embraces a superior Residence, with complete Farm Buildings. Bailiffs House, Labourers' Cottages, &c. Well worthy the attentiou of Gentlemen Farmers, Market Gar- deners, and others. Such a choice Farm is seldom met with so near London. For further particulars apply to Mr, WOODS, Auctioneer and Valuer. Hounslow. Middle-'-ex. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, H.ni' ;i!i Tinnn'tivE.' Stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offer at the most reasouable prices ; and they are continnally receiving fresh impor- tations from various parts of the world. LUts, u-it'i 7>tV« :ind FuU Particiihirs, on application. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTOX, NEAR LIVERPOOL. TO THE TRADE. OUR WHOLESALE CATALOGUE Has now been Posted ; if not received, send for one AND COMPARE PRICES. HOWCROFT &, WATKINS, Seed Merchants, HART STREET. COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. To the Trade. SURPLUS tooEfpr: — AMERICAN WONDER CH.\>IPION OF ENGLAND BRITISH QUEEN FILLBASKET IMPRO\"ED SANGSTER'S SHARPE'S INVINCIBLE LITTLE GEM PRINCESS KOYAL. Also NANTES HORN CARROT, Clenn Seed. Sniuple~ anil ;irice3 on application HOWCROFT AND WATKINS. Seed Merchants. Hart Street, Covent Garden, W.C. PEAS 50 distinct oiH.p'.',': for 20s. , for 30s. . for 35s. . for 100s. . for 20s. . for 60s. 1 ( W i C O N I F E R S in 50 distinct ^yfyy varieties for 50s. 100 ORNAMENTAL TREES, in 50 distinct varieties. inctudint!; many variegated, golden, and purple varieties for 50s. 100 DECIDL'OCS SimnjS in .50 distinct v.irieties 100 EVERGREEN SHRUBS, in varieties ICO BOSES. in 50 distinct rarietias Tea. &c 100 RHOlJtJDENDRONS. in 50 distinct varieties lOO HERBACEOUS PLANTS, in 50 fine varieties 100 PRIMUL.iS. in .50 distinct varieties CATALOGUE of Names free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS. Nurseries, Alierdeen. OSES — ROSES — ROSES.— 50,000 extra strong Dwarf H.P.'s in all the leading kinds. 21s. per I h on mils : — 2-yr.-old, 7s. per 1000; 3-yr.-old, grand stuff, principally 2 to .3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, 10s. per 1000; 4 and 5-yr.-old, tran.'^planted, 15s. and 20s. per 1000; picked for gap stopping, 30.'.-. per 1000. PKI\'ET, 15s., 20.^., 30s., and 40s. per 1000. BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 feet, 40s. per 1000; 5s. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Post-office Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE, Nurseryman, &c., Eiverford House, Biggles- wade, Bedfordshire. CHKYSANTHEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe. By far the best collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Slolyneux and C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America as the beat Descriptive Catalogue. Price Gd. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Medals and 20 First-class Certificates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.- R. OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, MaMenhead. DAHLIAS.— Pot Roots, all the best varieties — Show, Fancy, and Pompous— from 4s. Gd. per dozen ; Cactus and Decorative, Gs. per dozen; my beautiful new Decorative Dahlia of 1 888, Sidney Hoi tinpis, ifs.tirf. each. Trade supplied.— HUMPHRIES, Nursi'ryma'i, Chippenham. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. At a General Meeting of the Subscribers to thin Institution, licld on WEDNESDAY, the 16lh January, 1889, fortho Election of Ni'w Pensioners on the Fund, the following was the result of the Ballot :— CANDIDATES, VotM. Name. Ago. uai) STEPHEN EVANS 73 919 THOMAS MIIKLEY 79 7;.'i JO.SEl'H NCIRVAL 63 IIW JOHN SLCIWE 70 Vi-H ELIZABETH SNOW 74 1917 WILLIAM HOLAH 67 1900 HELEN W. LESSELLS 7a iei5 MARGARET MALCOLM 69 l<3i JAMES MANDERSON 6.1 718 ELIZAIIKTH I'OLLAED 76 17i9 GEORGE READ 58 1625 CHRISTOPHER ROBINSON 77 9(5 HENRY BERRY 73 38S JAMES EDMONDS 83 983 WILLIAM EoWLE 68 114 GEORGE KRK ICER 73 ib2 JOHN GRIMSHAW 78 111 JOHN HOOl'ER 79 1.183 ELIZABETH KEMBER 63 aim SARAH NAYLOR 61 1.5S7 CHARLOTTE NEWELL 64 374 WILLIAM NIXON 61 174 CLEMENT I'RESTON 76 1313 JAMES PRUST 64 The Meeting then declared John Slowe, Wiliam Holah, Helen W. Lessells, Margaret Malcolm, George Read, Chri«to- pher Robinson, Elizabeth Kember, Sarali Naylor, and Charlotte Newell, as having the greatest number of votes, duly elected Pensioners of this Institution, from (he 2Mh December, 1888. By Order. EDWARD ROGER CUTLER, Secretary. 50. Parliament Street, S.W., January 19, 1889. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and STJBSOaiPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswiok, London, W. THE DUKE ot NORTHUMBERLAND'S Head Gardener says :— " CAKTER'S CRIMSON BEET ia splendid for early use." Price, iu sealed paekels, 1.?. >jd, and 2s 6(i., post-free, from 237. High Holborn. London. pARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."— V-^ For the fourth season we are sending out our true str.iin of this grand ■white Clove-scented druation, more robust than the old red Clove, and larger flowers. No conser- vatory or garden should be without it. For cut flowers it h:i9 no equal. Good rooted layers, £1 per 100, lU. for 50, 6i-. for 25. We have a fine stock of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, -well set with liower-buds, from Is. to 20s. each, cash with order. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. ASH (Transplanted), 2 to 3 feet, 4.s. per 100, 27s. Gd. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, f^s. per 100, 35s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 7s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. HAZEL (Transplanted). 2 to 3 feet, 5s. per 100, 35.T. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, Ts, per 100, 50s. per 1000. LARCH (Transplanted), stout, clean, and -nell-rooted, 38 to 48 inches, 5s. Gd. per 100, 37s. Gd. per 1000. PINUS LARICIO or CORSICAN FIR (Transplanted), 12 to 18 inches, 7s. per 100, 55s. per 1000. SCOTCH FIR (Transplanted, extra), IJ to 2 feet, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. JAS. BACKHOUSE AND SON. York. QEED8.— KiCHARD Smith & Co., Worcester, O beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collectioni* at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, Sec, are of the best possible quality. ENGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3. 4, 5, and G feet. Variegated, 3, 4, 5. and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTPvIACA. 3. 4. 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousand.9. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. B I-IUSSELLS SPKOUT SEED. ~ Urown from selected stems, aud one of the best stocks thnt can be obtained. Price 35. Gd. per lb. Cash with order. The Tra.ie supplied on usual terms. Apply to C. MYATT. Market Gardener and Seed Grower, HarvinKton. Evesham. 1 {)i \i) SEAKALE HOOTS for Forcing.— A l.\J\J\J capital lot, specially grown for extra-fine produc*, 10s. p«r 100, cash witli order. G. H. COPP, Gardens, Holnest Park, Sherborne. 164 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fkbrdary 0, 1889. c STIIAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman. Richmond. Surrey. BEGONIAS. — Taberous-rooted, of best qunlity. by the 100 or 1000. See the best Descriptive and Illustrated CATALOGUE pu'lished. ASPARAGUS PLANTS. 2->r. and 3-vr., in quantity. Good and cheap. B. R. DAVIS, Begoni^i Grower. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. 90 i\(\(\ GOOSEBERRIES.— Best Market ^yj^yjyjyj sorts. All nice clean, healthy, and v^W- rooted plants of the followiDg varieties :— Warrington Red. Whitesmiths' Crown Bob, See, at 12s. 6rf. per 100, £5 per 1000, For Cash with Order. Sample dozen. 2s. bd. Packing free. JOSHUA GREENACRE. Stoue Hills Nurseries. Norwich. HE MARQUIS of CHOLMONDELEY^S Head Gardener says : — " CARTER'S SOLID IVORY CELERY is dwarf, compact, ^olid, and crisp." Price, in yeak-d packet. Is. and 2s. Qd., post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London. RESH SPHAGNUM MOSS, 5s. per bag. Haniy British FERNS, 15 distinct, Is. dd.; 20 lorge- grpwing varieties. 2s. I5(/. : 50, 5s. ; lUO. 9s. 24 lb. hamper, bjtanically namid. carriage paid. JOHN BURNS. Church Terrace. Kendal. REES and SHRUBS for tiame-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. KOEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, Hardy Climbers. Rhododendrons, Conifers, Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrub'i, Forest Trees, &c., in large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JACKMAN AND SON, Woking Nursery, Surrey. ''PREES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and -I Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ENT-GKOWN FRUIT TREES.— Thousands cf Standard, Pyramid, Buth, and E-p^lier Fruit Trees, comprising most of the b<-!-t sorts of Apples, Pears, Plums, an1 Cherries ; strong, healthy treps, with good fibrous roots. 500 Kent fOB NUTS. liir.;e bushes, 5 feet. 1000 Coratnou LAURFL. 3 fett. SOU Silver BIKCII, S to 10 feet. 500 LABURNUMS. 7 to 9 feet. Price LISTS of above and General Nursery Stock post-free on application to EVES & DALTON, Nursery m-^n and Fruit Growers. Gravesend. To the Trade. HAND F. SHARPE'S Wholesale CATA- • LOGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1889 has been forwarded to their customers. Jf those who have not receiveil it will kindly inform them anotlier one shall be sent. Seed Growinjj Establishment, Wisbech. OA AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the 0\/i)\/V/V/ finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5|-iuch pota, 2s. 6a. ea -h ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. (/. pi-r do/en, lO.f. per loo ; Plants, 2.s-. dd. per dozen. 16.*. per lOO. M'lny of the 1 e.t prizes and Silver Clips are taken by my cnslomnrs. Pric- of new eorts, ;^ee CATALOGUE, two stamps, of WM. ETHER- INGTON, Chrysanlhemiim Grower. Swanscombe, Kent. INE-APPLES.— A quantity of strong healthy Plants, principally Queen and Smooth Cayenne, for Sale cheap. Warranted free from insects. Apply, The GARDENER, Heckfield Place, Winchfield, Hants. New Tea Rose. ^OUVENIR DE S. A. PRINCE. k3 A pure white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami. This is undoubtedly the finest white Tea Rose that baa been offered to the public of late years. It has all the good qualities of Souvenir d'un Ami. in addition to wliich it is of more robust habit, the foliage being of a dark glossy green. As an exhibition variety, Souvenir de S. A. Prince will super- sede Niphetos, it always being of good shape, and not having the latter's bad tendency of opening quartered and green- centered. Three First-class Certificates. Grafted Plants, ready in June, price 10s. 6t/. each. GEORGE PRINCE, Rose Grower. Oxford. Gladioli, Dahlias, Begonias, and Miscellaneous Hardy Plants for Spring Planling. ANT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Special Spring: CATALOGUE of the above for 1889, containing all the new Varieties, is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent po>t- free, on application to themselves or their Agents, Mes-^is. MEt;TENS&C0.,3, Cros3 Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London. E.G. FOR SALE, a quantity of Dwarf BOX EDGING. Apply, J. GARDNER, Elsham Hall Gardens. Brigg. A New Plant to English Gardens. HA R T L A N D'S GULDEN QUILLED DOUBLE SUNFLOWER. " Suleil d'Or.'" See Gardeners' C/ironic/e,Ji[\i.26, 1889, for illustration and full particulars. with a faithful drawing by Gertrude Hartland. Very large clumps, 2s, Sd. each, post-free, 27s. 6(/. per dozen. Second size ... Is. 6d. ,, ., lbs. Od. ,, The dozen lots for combined orders, carriage and post-tree. " YEAR BOOK " of SEEDS tor 1889. post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. HE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL T JOURNAL OF HURTICULTUKE says:— "Of the varieties grown, PERFECTION is the chief, yielding the finest fruits, and perhaps t!ie most remunerative crop." Price, in sealed packets. Is. tj./. and 2s. Gd. post-free, from CARTER'S, 237, High Holborn, London. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following :— SEAKALE for Planting. 5s, per 100, 40s. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, 50s. per HiO. RASPEERRIKS (Fastolf), 6s. per 100, f>Os. per lOOO. VICTORIA PLUMS, Standards. 75s. per 100. DAMSON fFarlei-h), Standards, 7Ss. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, 18s. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, 2 to 4 feet, extra fine, 20s. to 30s. per 100. WILLOWS, Weeping, 8 to 14 feet, tjs. to 12s. per dozen. 0 S I A H IL BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— OM Ashleuf I White Elephant Kivyrs" Koynl do. ' ; Early Rose Myatfs Prolific do. Muna"s Pride Snowdrop Adirondack Village Blacksmith Beauty of Hebron Dalmahoy And other leading varieties. Magnum Bonum York Regent Scotch (lo. Imperator Red Bog Early Schoolmaster Early Don Prices on application to York Street, Borough Market, S.E. FOR SALE, Greenhouse RHODODEN- DRONS—Countess of Haddington, splendid specimen. 6 feet by 4 feet, full of buds, £12; R. calophyllum, 5 feet by 3 feet, £5. CAMELLIAS, C. imbricata. grand plant. 12 feet by tifeet, £-!; C. elegans. 10 feet. £6 ; C. albi plena, 10 feet. £8; C. Mathotiana. 8 feet. £:i. AZALEA INDICA ALBA, 7 feet. £3. E. COOLING and CO., Derby. ''PO FRUIT GROWERS.— On offer, at the X Quary Farm, Bardon Hill, ne.ir Leicester, a iiuantity of short useful RASl'iiERRY CANES (Red). Would divide up into many thousand plants. There are 25 rows, covering about 2 acres. Price for the lot, on rail at Bardon Hill Station, to be sent to J. B. ELLIS, The Gynsille. near Leicester. Offers by the thousands will be considered, if the lot is not disposM of. UONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-erown Specimens, 9 to ^6 inches. £1 to £10 per luu. J. J. CLAKK. Goldstone Fann, Brighton. AMED DOUBLE TUBEROUS BEGU- NIAS.— Of these we have n magnificent Collection, and can supply cheaper than any other noted firm. CATALOGUE free ou application. MORLEY AND CO., Preston. o M RCHIDi^. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low pricen. Specimen Orchids a specialty. I'nce LIST free. JAMES CVPHER, Exotic Nnrseriea, Cheltenham. AIDENHAIU F E K N. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. TO LARGE PLANTERS of THORN JL QUICKS.- 1 to U foot, 9.!. per 1000. £10 per 100,000 ; 1* to 2 feet. lis. per 1000. £-J0 per 100,000; 2 to 2} feet, l:ls. per 1000; 2 to :j feet, l.'is. per 1000; .') to 1 feet, ls,s. per loou, GARLIES .MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. Barr'a Spring Catalogue, Now Eeady, of i-pHE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, X for Pord.Ts, Uockwork. and CuUinR. contains a select List of Hiaii-cLA.s.s AND EASILY cultivated plants only. Free ou application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, fF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES L TRUE TO NAME, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO. [F YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that L your Local Firms cannot Supply. Write to GEORGE BUXYARD AND CO. FOR FRUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Thousand, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. END INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No Starvelings, No Blicht— at GEORGE BUNYARD AND CO'S. [LLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT L TREES, 800 Kinds, Sii Stamps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock, Gratis. ROSE LIST. CONIFER and SHEUB LISTS, Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. s G EORGE BUNYARD and CO., POMOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERYMEN. M AIDSTONE, KENT. V Palms. Foliage Plants. Heaths, jcc. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN will be pleased to forward LIST of above with low prices. Leading decorative PALiMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond, Surrey; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s.. post-free 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED POTATOS has been sent out. It comprises alt the finest varieties in cultivation, including several novelties. The quality is very hue, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wisbech. A^ICTORIA LIIvY OF THE VALLEV, V Messrs. HAWKINS AND BENNETT, Lily Gardens, Twickenham, Midi11e-px, have a few more yards of this beautiful variety. Superior bolh in its blooms and foliage to any yet offered. An engraving, with instruc- tions for planting, &c., is .sent with all orders. Price 'Jbs. per square yard. They have also extra large plants, clean and healthy, of STEPHANOTIS FLOKIBirNUA.— Apply as above. ''rin: earl of SHIiEWSllUUVS Head X G.irdener .-^ays :— ■■ W E O .VT 11 K \l K 1> CART K IfS LIGHTNING PEA TEN DAYS REFOUE IIRST AND RKsT." Price, in sealed packet, 2s. ad. per pint; jwst-free, '2s. yrf., from 231, High Holborn, London. T?INEST OF ALL PETUNIAS.— Wa^niH- J? cent new Dwarf Striped PETUNIA SEED. Thin i-i. without doubt, the finest strain possible to grow. The plants commence to bloom 3 inches high, and are most attractive; scarcely two flowers are alike. Thousands are sold in Covent Garden Market, and acknowledged by all to be the best they have ever grown. Pnr packet, 1,^. and 2s. CKARLES BUHLEY, Nurseries, Brentwood, Essex. To the Trade. ONION SEED.—" Home Grown Seed." The jjust season's crop having been a fiiilure, F. GEE in happy to say he has line >tocks of SUPEKIOK BEUFORD- S II IKE GROWN yearling S -ed, "of his own growing," uliich he can highly recommend, and may be relied upon, whereas foreign Seed, which is being soUl by many at a much cheaper rate, cannot be depended upon. The following kind^ can be supplied for Cash : — GEE'S IMPROVED BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION, very select Stock, fine, large, globular Onion, has grown IG to 20 tons p.T acre, Ts. tio. per lb, „ „ WHITE SPANISH and NUNEHAM PARK, very fine Stocks, 7s. titi. piT lb. Carriage or post free. Special Terms for large iiuantities. Catalogues on oppU- catioD, Cheques and Post-olfice Orders made payable to FREDERICK GEE, Seed Grower and Merchant, Riverford House, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. WT GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; T T • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., :i bushel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksinu Medal. Silver Medal, National Chrysjinthemum Society, 13S8. LILIUM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs, U.. iSd.. Od.. Is., each; 20s., 30s,, 50s., tSO.s'. per IHU. Hoiue-grown bulhs, 9d., Is., Is. 6rf., 2s. each. Special Trade quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES. Silver Bauksiau Medal. „ TREE IMSONIES, 7 First-class Certificate.9. „ IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-cliuss Certiticutes. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries, Amynud Park Road, Twickenham. To the Trade. VEGETABLE imd AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. HAND F. SH ARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL (,>UOTATH)NS for all the best kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS grown thissetuson from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices will be found advantageous to purchaser t. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Febbdaky 0, 1889.] THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE. 165 THURSDA Y NEXT.—j^hIq No. 7869). VANDA KINBALLIANA, Rchb. f. 2000 CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM. ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Eooms, ;!8, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 14, at half-past 1:3 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a large quantity of choice IMPORTED ORCHIDS, comprising VANDA KIMBALLIANA, offered for the first time, re.specting which Trofessor Keichenbach writes ; — " Appears a glorious grand novelty." The haljit of the plant somewhat resembles \'anda teres, but it flowers so profusely that plants 6 inches in height have four spikes ; flowers large, lifteen to twenty on a spike, colour of petals and sepals pure white, the lip a beautiful rosy-purple. Also splendid specimens of what appears to be a gigantic form of the lovely VANDA AMESIANA, L'OOO CVriUrEDlUM NIVEUM and other choice ORCHIDS. On rieiv moniini^ of Sal<\ and Catnht/iies htid. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9s. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY. A\'ith numerous Illustra- tions. 8vo, cloth, price .'>.s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price Is., sewed. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium Svo, cloth, price 25s. BOTANY FOR BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Masters. M.H., F.K.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3i. 6(/. London : BRADBURY, AQNEW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.G. New Edition, Corrected up to Date. PAXTON'S CALENDAR THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late Sir JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardenen' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free SJd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 6s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-iive delivered. Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. THE BRUCE POTATO. The best Potato in cultivation, yielding the enormous crop of 27 TONS PER ACRE. For Price per ton, sack or bushel, apply to BRINKWORTH & SONS, READING. Appointed by the Raiser SOLE AGENTS for England. JCOn DISPOSAL, a LATANIA BOR- 1. liONICA (io Tub), handsome piece. 8 feet luKh. and as niiiili tlirouRh; also, I LArAGEHIA KOSEA, and 1 L. K. SUBERBA, both extra stront; (in No. li pots). Capli oHera r,quo»led. G. PHIPPEN, Florist. ReaJhiK. Cl'ECIMEN CONIFEllS.— Trees for Avenues, *^ Evergreens*, ami Forent Trees in (^reat varieLy. CATA- LOGUE free on applicatiou. — RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. OOD TRAYS.— WOOD TRAYS.— For Sowinp Seeds. Growing Bedding Plants, Striking CliU tings, &e. Cheaper and better than pots or pans. 1x9x2. 2.!. per dozen, 10»-. per 100. Sample, with List, six stamp-, tree. CASIiON'S Box Works. Peterborough. ~\ D V E R T I S E M E N T S XA^ Inserted in the DAJLV A'EU'.i i\nd in all LONDON, PROVINCIAL, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. Exceptional Terms for a Series. CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS On PAGES 2, 3, and B of the GLOBE. The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EyiiNlNG UTAXDAllD. And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the PEOPLE. Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the UIFICIAL GOrEn,y.UI:AT POLICE GAZETTE. WILLING'S. 125, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Telegraph Address—" WILLING'S, London." Telephone No. 277:i. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Pre.'js Guide.) ADVXRTISING AGENTS. 162. PICCAUrLLY. London. W.. RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London, riovincial, Continental, Colonial, and American Newapapei's und oUier Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre- pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Special advantages to Large Advertisers. Established IS.'^O. Only Address— 16J. Piccadilly. London. W. A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition. VINES AND VINE CULTURE: THE BEST BOOK ON ORAPES EVER PUBLISHED, BY ARCHIBALD F. BARRON, SUPEIIINTENDENT OF THE ROYAL HcjHTICULTURAL SOCIKTY'S Gakdens, Secretary of ihe Fruit Com.mittee, &c. Chapter. I. II. in. IV. V. VI. vn. vni. rx. X. XI. XII. xjn. XIV. XV. XVI, xvn. XVIII. XJX. XX. XXI. XXII. xxm. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. Plates I.-: CONTENTS. Historical Sketch. Propagation of the Vine. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &i!. Structures for Grape Growing. Heating of Vineries. Planting Vines : when and how to do it. The General Manaj^ement of Vinerie.s. Pruning and Training the Vine. Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots. Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grap.' Conservatory at Chiswick. Vines on Open Walls. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseaseji and oliier Injuries, Noxious Insects. Selections of Grnp'is for Special Purposes. The Classiticatiou of Grape \'ines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes. 'JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.C. To be hud also of A. F. nARRO.Y. Em/„l Horticultural Gardrti^. ChnwicI'. Lond^m. W. Demy Svo, Handsomtly Botmd In Clotb. F^ice 6s. : Post-free, es. 6d. 166 THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE. [Febeuaey n, 1889. Biniiiiiiiiiinriii'iiiii iiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiitiiittiiiiMiiiiiiiiuMiiiiiMiiiriinr? I piA^Tf NO SEASON. | HARDILY-GROWN IJ^OREST, ^RUIT,| ALL OTHER I TREES X PLANTS, j Evergreens, Roses, &o. j I NUllSlOlimS 400 ACRES, j s Largest <£ Finest Stocks in Europe.: i INSPECTION EARNESTLY INVITED. : Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. Estimates * all particulars on application. = fl.miTEDI. = I '^^'^i^si^I^P^yMmi Chester, f ^tiiiirii!niriti:iii:iiiti'iiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiMiiiniiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiuim ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. l^ Co.'s selection, Ss. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed HOSHS cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36s. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. richardImtth & CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM for Coverts and Plantations. AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ALL SIZES. Very low quotations per 100 or 1000. GREEN HOLLIES for FENCES. Sizes and prices per 100 or 1000. Golden and Silver Queen, Handsworth and other Choice Hollies, &o. JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. FENCES MYROBALANorCHERRY PLUIVI (I'UrM'S .^!YU'Jl{.'\r,ANA> i.4 llie l.cst. ^ttill' lor m.-ndiiif,' old feuceri or miilun^' now ones, (irows wrll on pooreat .soils. Shouts very hard and spinv.— Prices and full particulars on (vnn'i.vitinn to EWING & CO., Havant, Hampshire. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PAETICULAKS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limited) . r'/> TREES, FLOWERS, AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, For the Best HOSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, Kor til.- Best SEEDS, BULBS, i^i'. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, For tlie Be^t FRUIT TKEES ami URAPE MXES PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, For the Best KN'ERGREENS, I'ark ;it..l Koa.M^I.' TKEES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, For the Be-t c'.i3IELLIAS, AZALEAS, LAl'AUEBIAS, Sir. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAIVI CROSS, close to the Waltham Cross Station, Great Eastern E!iil\v:iy (half au hour from London.) INSPECTION INVITED. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues free. Goods Pack'id by c-rpevicnccd luouU for alt parts of the II orld. Observctke Christinn ucmc. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Grrowers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, Planf, Bulb, and Seed Merchants. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stockisof such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form au adequate conception of itsunprecedcnted extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers au area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH liOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. ^~ ~ r^UTBUSH'S MILL- \J TEACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to reijuire descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or Qd. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pacli- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with oursignatureattached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, HighKa'te Nurseries. N. CANNELL'S BEGONIAS. Not only is our Catalogue the best, most com- plete, and wonderfully illustrated and descriptive, but our whole strain of I3egonias is totally dif- ferent and far nearer perfection than any others in the world. The exact treatment is given therein of how we grew the nine plants which took the 1st Prize at Regent's Park, on which occasion wc positively drove seven other com- petitors who had entered completely out of the Show. Those who have not hitherto grown or seen our varieties will be astonished at their dwarfness, new colours, and lu'illiancy. AVe are now sowing our seed that will give plants a foot through, with a profusion of blooms from .luly to August. One (f our greatest critics and cotutiiigscicrs writes to us thus : — \V. E. Gl'.MlSLETON, Esq., Rel^rrove, Queenstown. " T am .-xtrern.-ly sorry to see, in the hist mimbor of L'flht^triiii'm llortiajh, that, thruu^li some mistake on the part of their artist, the ilraiving they intenihil to have made for a reproduction of tlieir beautifully illustrated work of the blooms of some of your lovely eeetlliue Uouble Begonias was not made before the lloivers withereiT. The beauty of tliese llowers seems to have quite astonished tlie BelRians. ns they say they are hardly recognisable as Begonias at all as thi'y know them, but more likeBoses and Camellias: and this I eun cjuite undcrstnu'l, as the variety named Beauty of Bi-lgrove is more like a good bloom of La France Kose than a Begonia." SINGLES (Seed). PINK. ORANGE SCARLF.T YELLOW. .SINGLE MIXED. SALMON. 33. per Packet ; Half-Pacltets, Is. 6d. DOUBLE BEGONIAS. Colours Mixed. 3s. 6d. and Bs. per Packet. SWANLEY, KENT. THE LADY (White). MAGENTA. CRIMSON. sriKLET. B.S.WIILIAMS PAI PCni ADIA ThxB superb atrain is dwarf, UALulULAIiIA. with robust habit, and strong conatituticii. It iiri.iiluces immense trua?es of very large finely shaped flowers, of exquisite and varied colours, which cannot fail to give universal satisfaction. From Mr. RoWE, Tlie Gardens, Nunfield, Dumfries' shire . ■—'"The Calceolarias from seed obtained from you last year, are turning out grand ; truly a beautiful strain." Illustrated Seed CATALOGUE for 1889. containing Descriptions, Illustrations, and Testimonials, will be forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application. UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON^ THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPKUVEU WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white skin. It is one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists tor various pur- poses and other useful informatiou. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm. Withing- ton. Hereford. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES. I'EABS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TKEES. aa Standards. Dwarfs. Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, exeellent Canes, 3s. eJ., Us., Is. M., 10s. M. Orehard House Trees in jwt.s, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TAJIINES, &e., from 5.i. FIGS from 3s. 6d. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketeli of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil. Drainage. Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping. Treatment umler lrla.S8 ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form. Skin, Colour. Fle-sh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration. Season. Price, &c. , free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. llllTTRMs For Market and Private Growers. ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, ETC. J)rsrn;,fipr CATALOGt^ES Post-free. I nHEAL&SONS UiW Crawley, U Sussex. FlBHtJAEY 9, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 167 WEBBS' NEW POTATO, "STOURBRIDGE GLORY.' The finest main crop Kidney Potato ever Introduced ; a seedling from Woodstock Kidney. From Mr. GEORGE MATTHEWS, Weston-on- Trent. — " I cannot praise your Stourbridge Glory Potato too mvich, as in spite <-'f the uufavourableness of the season, they have done remarkably well. I have raised 64^ lb. from 1 lb.; they are all free from disease, and many of them weigh above 1 lb. each, while four of thom scaled the extraordinary weight of 9 lb." 3 6 per peck {14 lb.). 12, 6 per bush. (56 lb.) WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Po%tfr€e Is. Abridged l^dition, gratis and po?t-free. WEBBsSONS^VORDStEYSTOURBRIDGE SHARPE'S VICTOR POTATO. CAUTION. MESSRS. CHARLES SHARPE and CO., Sleaford. Lincolnshire, wish to caution buyers of the above Potato to see that they are supplied with the true variety, as many spurious stocks are offered under the name of Victor, and great disappointment has ensued. The true VICTOR, as sold by Messrs. Charlks Sharpe &. Co., is a medium-sized flattish-oval, smooth-skinned variety, with very shallow eyes and yellow flesh— extremely early, prois. In sketching this amusing creature who was apparently as much knave as fool, the late Lord Lytton seems to have had prophetic foresight of some other enthusiastic persons, who in these matter-of-fact days still draw wonderfully sanguine pictures of the prosperity which will flow from hardy fruit culture. Under other designations Jack Tibbets' successors write to the papers, give lectures, make speeches, write essays, and continue with boldness and assur- ance to declare that big fortunes are to be made by all who, taking their advice, will embark in hardy fruit culture. The original Uncle Jack was as ignorant as a waggon-horse of fruit culture ; the modern Uncle Jack is not so ignorant, hence his fancy sketches are all the more enticing and dangerous. We might have almost fancied, in turning over the pages of The Caxtons, though written a generation since, that we were reading the report of some Fruit Congress, a speech, or some letter in a morn- ing or evening paper, when perusing Jack Tibbets' bold outlines of the method by which his bookworm brother-in-law was to find a mine of wealth in his orchards. Verily there is nothing new under the sun, and even Jack Tibbets might have had his prototype genera- tions before Bulwer Lytton created him. Here is Jack's startling calculation, which some others have of late perchance been studying : — " ' But my dear brother, I was just looking with admiration at those Apple-trees of yours. I never saw finer. I am a great judge of Apples. I find in talking with my sister that you make very little profit by them. That's a pity. You might establish a cider orchard in this county. You can take your own fields in hand. You can hire more, so as to make the whole, say, 100 acres. Y'ou can plant a very extensive Apple orchard on a grand scale. I have just run through the calculations ; they are quite startling. Take forty trees per acre — 168 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Feebuaby 9, 1889. that's the proper average — at Is. 6i^. ; 4000 for 100 acres, £300 ; labour of digging, trenching, say, £10 per acre: total for 100 acres. £1000. Pave the bottom of the holes to prevent the tap- roots striking down into the bad soil. Oh, I am very close and careful in all my minittiie — I always was ! — pave 'em with rubbish and stones. Sixpence a hole ; that, for 4000 trees, would be £100 ; add the rent of the land at 30s. an acre, £150; and how stands the total?' Here Uncle Jack proceeded, rapidly ticking off the items with his fingers,—' Trees, £300 ; labour, £1000 ; paving holes, £100; rent, £1.50; total: £1.5.50. That's your expenses. Mark now the profit. Orchards in Kent realise £100 per acre — some even £150 — but let's be moderate, say only £50 per acre, and your gross profit from a capital of £1550 will be £5000. £5000 a year ! Think of that, Brother Caxton. Deduct 10 per cent., or £500 a year for gardeners' wages, manure, &o. and the nett produce is £4500. Your fortune's made man — it is made ! I wish you joy,' and Uncle Jack rubbed his hands. ' Bless me, father,' said eagerly the young Pisistratus, who had swallowed with ravished ears every syllable and figure of this inviting calculation, ' why, we should be as rich as Squire Rollick ; and then, you know, you could keep a pack of hounds.' ' And buy a large library,' added Uncle Jack, with more subtle knowledge of human nature as to its appropriate temptations. ' There's my friend the Archbishop's, collection to be sold.' Slowly recovering his breath my father gently turned his eyes from one to the other, and then, laying his left hand on my head, whilst with the right he held up Erasmus rebukingly to Uncle Jack, said, ' See how easily you can sow covetousness and avidity in the youthful mind. Ah, brother.' * You are too severe, sir. See how the dear boy hangs his head ! Fie ! — natural enthusiasm of his years. ' Gay hope by fancy fed,' as the poet says. Why, for that boy's sake you ought not to lose so certain an occasion of wealth — I may say untold wealth. For, observe, you will form a nursery of Crabs ; each year you will go on grafting and enlarging your plantation, rent- ing, nay, why not buying more land ? Gad, sir, in twenty years you might cover half the county, but say you stop short at 2000 acres ; why, the nett profit is £00,000 a j'ear. A duke's income — a duke's, and going a-begging, as I may say.' * But stop,' said I, modestly ; ' the trees don't grow in a year. I know when our last Apple tree was planted — it is five years ago — it was then three years old ; and it only bore half a bushel last autumn.' ' What an intelli- gent lad it is ! Good head there. Oh, he'll do credit to his great fortune, brother,' said Uncle Jack, approvingly. 'True, my boy. But in the meanwhile we could fill the ground, as they do in Kent, with Gooseberries and Currants, or Onions and Cabbages. Nevertheless, as we are not great capitalists, I am afraid we must give up a share of our profits to diminish the out- lay. So hark ye, Pisistratus, hark ye, now to the mysteries of speculation. Ycur father shall quietly buy the land, and then, presto! we'll issue a prospectus and start a company. Associations can wait five years for a return (here Jack Tibbets suddenly became practical). Every year meanwhile increases the value of the shares. Y'our father takes, say fifty shares at £50 each, paying only an instalment of £2 per share. He sells thirty-five shares at cent, per cent. He keeps the remaining fifteen, and his fortune is made all the same, only its not quite so large as if he had kept the whole concern in his own hands. What say you now. Brother Caxton ? 17s ve edere povutvif as we used to say at school. I don't want a shilling more than I have got,' sjid my father. " ' But,' interrupted Uncle Jack, pertinaciously, and reserving his grand argument for the last, ' for the good j-ou would confer on the community — the progress of the natural productions of your country, the wholesome beverage of cider brought within cheap reach of the working classes. If it was only for your sake should I have urged this question ? — should I now, is it my cha- racter ? But for the sake of the public — man- kind— of your fellow-creatures. Why, sir, Eng- land could not get on if gentlemen like you had not a little philanthropy and speculation.' " Jack Tibbets, however, failed to convert the book- worm Caxton, who was deaf to the brilliant fruit-growing prospects, and no more is heard of them in the novel. Uncle Jack, had the book been written to-day, would have dropped the cider argument in favour of " supplying good fruit for the million," counteracting foreign competi- tion, &c. ; but his statistics and calculations read all the same as if taken from the newspapers, or some Fruit Conference paper. The Uncle Jacks of to-day have already done the recent revival of fruit culture harm, for in truth, there is no room for wild speculations as to profits, or suggestions as to great fortunes. Fruit culture, however adopted — and hardy fruit cul- ture especially so — is but a very matter-of- fact prosaic sort of occupation, in which, because of climatic conditions, as well as of market associations, there is very little more that is roseate than is to be found in corn or vegetable production. The better the sorts grown the higher the culture, the more acceptable the posi- tion, the more careful the sampling, the more judicious the marketing, the greater probably the profits ; but these never can be excessive, and will always be moderate. Let every one anxious to embark in fruit culture as an occupation listen to the story of Uncle Jack with interest, but with discretion also, and with the resolve to prove all things, so far as it is possible to do so, before embarking on what may turn out a disappoint- ment. Aspirations of this nature, as well as methods of culture, cannot be too severely practical. New or Noteworthy Plants. CyPRIPEDlUM INSIGNE IIALLIANUM, n, var. This is stated by Mr. W. Hall, 14, Upper Tulse Hill, London, S.W., to have, up to the present, very narrow, slender foliage. It is therefore in the way of Cypripedium ineigne Maulei. The floral parts are all narrow. The upper sepal has a long greenish disc with fine nearly chocolate-brown spots, and similar streaks stand on the inferior part of the light green inferior connate sepals. Border and apical part of upper sepal white. Petals covered by a fine mauve-reddish wash, excepting the ochre borders, with numerous chocolate-brown dots up to the apex. Lip very slender, light yellow, with numerous lines of very small dark spots at the base, a brownish anterior part, and brown reticua- tions inside the lateral horns of anterior sac. You may compare it, too, with Cypripedium insigne Horamanianum, and nitens. It differs from all in its spotted petals. It bears the name of its lucky possessor. H. G. Rckb. f. Cypripedium claptonenseX , n. hyb. Aiigl, This appears to be the first hybrid raised in the establishment of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. One of the parents was Cypripedium Harrisianum. I believe the other parent was C. villoaum, though the upper sepal is nearly that of C. insigne. The foliage is long and narrow, and very slightly mottled. The flower partakes of the character of thai of C. villosum, C. insigne, C. HarrisianumX, C. nitens X . The upper sepal is oblong acute, narrow. It has the" upper broad part white, the lower part light very bright green, with lines of dark Indian-purple spots, most of them very small. The lateral sepals form a ligulate-acute, long, rather narrow light green body, with two short broken lines of dark streaks at the base, and some similar short lines outside those. It is not shining, whereas the upper sepal is shining on the inside. The petals are ligulate, dilated at the apex, blunt acute, wavy at the upper side, of an ochre-yellow ground colour, with a dark brown central line, some light brown wash on the upper part, where there are brown transverse bars between the brown nerves. This is less seen on the lower sides. There are some very small, dark, Indian-purple spots in front of the usual stiff, dark, basilar hairy lid, erect as in Cypripedum villosum, with strong retrorse lateral horns, of a yellowish-ochre colour shining, with brown wash and network under the yellow border of the mouth. Staminode tjuite that of C. villosum. The flower is equal to that of the just-named and elegant species. The bract is nearly equal to the hairy ovary. H. G. Bchb.f. Catasetum fimbriatom (Lindl.) platypterum, n. var. This fine variety has larger flowers than any I have seen before. Sepals light greenish-white with numerous pallid purple-brown streaks and dots. Petals very much enlarged and with a few small teeth outside. The acuminate apices are so strongly recurved that those petals appear to be simply blunt before you look at the other side. Numerous transverse purple-brown bars adorn the whitish- green surface. Lip garlic-green, nearly like that of Catasetum fimbriatum [fissum, though much less divided. Point very acute, refiexed under the upper surface. Colour lightest greenish-white, with some browu-purple streaks. I have to thank Mr. P. Sander for it. H. G. Rchh.f. Habenaria Macowaniana, N. E. Br., n. sp. A small species, growing 6— 8, or perhaps 9 inches high, and closely leafy throughout. Leaves 1^—2 inches long, \ — ^ inch broad, lanceolate acute, ascending. Flower spike occupying more than one- third of the entire length of the stem, dense, bracteate. Bracts lanceolate acuminate, the lowest f inch long, the upper gradually smaller, mostly longer than the flowers, which are small, and unat- tractive, being about \ inch in expanse, with ovate subacute sepals and petals, a fleshy three-lobed lip, and a clavate spur about one-tenth of an inch long. This plant was discovered by Professor MacOwan in November, 1865, near Grahamstown, and it sppears to be exceedingly rare, as he only had but one specimen, which he very generously presented to Kew. And now Mr. J. O'Brien has given another specimen to Kew, collected at the same place, and informs me that he has the plant in cultivation. I have, therefore, thouglit it desirable to place it on record, as it is somewhat remarkable that so rare a l)lant of this kind should so soon be under cultiva- tion. Professor MacOwan s specimen was originally described by Reichenbach as Brachycorythis Macow- aniana, but the presence of a spur removes it from that genus, and structurally I do not find that it differs from Habenaria. N. E. Brown, Kexv. AdianTUM WiLLIAMSII. — A specimen of this Fern, 2 feet across, in the gardens of J. F. Blackwell, Esq., The Cedars, Harrow Weald, shows the plant to advantage, its gold-powdered young fronds look- ing very pretty amongst the larger and more matured ones. Mr. J. Dinsmore, the able gardener here, saya that, wlien grown cool this variety is more produc- tive of fronds, and lasts longer when cut, than the favourite A. cuneatum, or any other Maidenhair. Of course the fronds should not be cut before they are matured. Feuuca 188i>.] THE GAIiDENEBS' CIIBONICLE. 169 HAMPTON COURT GARDENS. (Concluded from p. lUo.) Of the other improvements carried out by Wise, the "removing and new phinting " of the rows of Lime trees appear to have been the most impor- tant. Orij:;inally the Limes were planted by Le Kotre on either side of the semicircular canal. "Wise, however, for some reason or other, did not approve of this plan, so he had the northern row taken up out of the earth and replanted in the Tountaiu Garden, on the inside of wliat had formerly been the south row. The following items, which refer to this, occur in the accounts: — "To remove and new plant 403 large Lime trees, y*' dimensions of them girt from 4 feet G inches to '6 feet, the charge of taking up these trees, bringing them to the place, digging holes of 10 or 12 feet diameter, Carting 5 loades of earth to each tree, one with another, with all charges at 10^\ per tree— £201 lOs." "100 trees, to dig 20 feet round them, and to take out j^ gravel and sand, and raise their roots and put in 5 loads of earth to each tree, at &. per tree — £40." Defoe also tells us that the " fine parcell of Limes which form the semicircle were, by the dextrous hand of the head gardener, removed, after some of them had been almost thirty years planted in other places, though not far off, and they thrive perfectly well." The Ri'eat bronze fountain by Fanelli, which stood in the centre of the Foantain Garden, was also removed about this time, and the present jet placed there. "The King," says Defoe, " also directed the laying the pipes for the fountain and the jds d'caux, and particularly the dimensions of them, and what quan- tity of water they should cast up, and increased the number of them after the first design." * It was also in this reign that the Mount Garden was removed, and the soil heaped up on either side of the Privy Garden, to make the two terraces. Queen Mary's Bower was also planted, and the beds of the Privy Garden were laid out with rows of alternate Yews and white Hollies, many of which remain to this day. In the year 1700 the long walk or terrace nhich extends along the Thames from the Water Gallery to the Bowling Green was commenced, and about the same time the Wilderness was also ])lanted. Until the year 1700 this plantation, which lies between the Tilt Yard and the great Fountain Garden, was known as the Old Orchard. King William, however, had the orchard trees removed, and had planted in their place "espaliers, so high,'" says Defoe, "that they etfectually took ofi" all that part of the old building which would have been offensive to the sight." The Maze was also probably laid out about this time. The appearance of the gardens as completed by William III. may be well seen in the birds-eye view given in old print in the British Museum. t "The only fault that I could find," says Switzer, " with the gardens as completed by the great Nassau, was that the pleasure gardens were stuffed too thick with Box — a fashion brought over here out of Holland by the Dutch gardeners, who used it to a fault, especially in England, where we abound in so good grass and grai.-el."J This fault, however, was remedied very aoon after the death of William. " The Box work at Hampton Court," says Switzer in another part of the above-quoted work, " was pulled up some time after, and the gardens laid into that plain but noble manner they now appear in."§ Beyond this relaying of the Fountain Garden, very little appears to have been done in the gardens of Hampton Court during the reign of Queen Anne. Shortly after the accession of George I., however, several alterations were made. In 1714 so many of the trees in the Wilderness were taken up and new ones planted that these alterations completely changed • Seeal^ 7re«sHryP'r/>erj. vol.'lxxv.. 54 ; and Miuufe Book, xi.. p. 3S. directs ' 100 H. a week to be issued to ye works and applied to p:iy 4315 It. 8. 1 jrf. due to plumbers for works done in ye gardens." t K. 14 c. I IcknoQrafhia Bmtica, vol. i., p. 76. i Jbid, p. £3, its npj)earance. Tliey were, we learn from the State records, undertaken bv Henry Wise. His estimate, which is still jireserved, is for " new plant- ing several lines and platons of Elms and Abeals,* and making a figure hedgewnrk of very large ever- greens in the Wilderness belonging to the palace. t Defoe visited the gardens in this year (1714). He thus describes them : — " The front of the palace to the east, all of freestone, is very noble, looking into the park over a noble parterre a good Iialf Tiiile long, embellished with vases, statues, gravel and green walks, and separated from the park by a balus- trade o( iron ; on the north side there is also a little garden walled in, with a most curious laby- rinth, and from the palace along the river side is a noble terrace walk which leads to the bowling green, wheje in each corner is a large pavilion." During the reign of George 11. the gardens under- went considerable modifications. In the Fountain Garden all the smaller fountains were removed, and the side paths were taken up and the ground covered with turf. The beds were also, of course, remodelled. They were cut out of the grass in square or oblong shapes. They were then planted round the edge with a single line of dwarf Box, and conical-shaped Yew trees and globular-shajied Hollies were planted in the centre of each bed. The space between the Box border and the centre trees was planted with choice flowering plants. The appearance which this garden then assumed may be seen in a print by Kigaud dated 173G. A new kitchen garden was also laid out about this time, to the west of the Wilderness, and the plot formerly used as the kitchen garden was converted into the Jlelon ground. The plan of the gardens and the furm of the beds at this period may be well seen in an engraving made by J. llucque for King George II. in 17o6. "Since George II. 's time," says Mr. Law, "but little change has occurred." For some eighty years, indeed, the place was so neglected that many of the fine old Yew trees were suffered to become over- grown and strangled with Ivy, and others to die without being replaced, and of the choice Hollies which were tended with such care in olden times scarce half a doaen remain. Nevertheless " much of their original formal trimness," an appreciative critic observes, "is still retained with great benefit to the character and charm of the place." Perci/ Kewhcrry. Notices of Books, The Invisible Powers of Nature. By E. M. CailhirJ. (Miirra)'.) We opened this book with some misgiving, we closed it with much satisfaction. The misgiving arose from a feeling that the form of dialogue is not the one best adapted to convey to the youthful mind scientific information, and that it is not one which generally commends itself to those whom it is intended to benefit. We closed it with satisfaction, because we have rarely met with a work of the kind in which so much informatiun is so clearly and so accurately set forth. The author, of course, has not the resources of the lecture-room at command, but she has not even the advantage of illustrations to facilitate the explanation of the subjects treated on, and yet her style is so clear that the want of illustra- tions is scarcely felt. The book treats of gravitation, attraction, the properties or attributes of solids, liquids, and gases, the phenomena of heat, light, sound, electricity and magnetism, and their practical application. The elementary facts and general principles founded on them are detailed with great skill and lucidity, so that the book will form an excellent introduction to more technical works, and will form an excellent preparation for the lecture-room and experimental laboratory. We know that there are many who think that the beginner should begin his work in * Poplurs. t Treasuri^ Papers, vol. clixix, No. 36. the hiboi'atory itself, or at least should become initiated into his subject by witnessing the demonstrations and experiments of a com- jjetent teacher. Without in any way dero- gating from the importance of the method of learning as much and as eaidy as possible from Nature; yet this cannot always be done ; and, even when it can, we are of opinion that tlie learning is facilitated by a little )>reliminary help, such as this book allbrds. Which of us lias not been helped in reading a play by a preliminary glance at the "Argument?" Just such help, but with a little more elaboration of detail, is allbrded by this book. For a future edition we would suggest the addition of a general summary, and of a section, or sections, showing the inter-de]>endence of the several forces, the unity which underlies them, and the mutations and mutual substitutions they undergo. An index is also a desideratum. We recommend the book for young students, and think it would be highly desirable for all young gardeners to master its con- tents, and mould their practice accordingly. Select Extra-Tropical Plants. A seventh edition of this work, revised and enlarged, has been issued by Baron Ferd. von Mueller. It gives a detailed alphabetical list of plants suit.able for cultivation in extra-tropical countries for economic purposes, and from the details given as to the uses of plants it forms, independently of its primary purpose, a useful dictionary of economic botany. Its utility is proved, not only by its sevenfold rejuvenescence in its native land (Victoria), but also by its appearance in American, French, and German guise. Tlie French edition, issued by the singularly competent hands of M.Naudin, has,webelieve, been so much appreciated that a second issue is in preparation. The original work may be had from any bookseller, or from R. S. Brain, Government printer, Melbourne. Nursery Notes. ORCHIDS AT ST. ALBANS. A VISIT to the immense Orchid growing nursery of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. can at no season fail to be interesting, so I had no fear of not finding something to please and instruct even in the last days of January. A visit to tlie place at any time during the last few years would always show glass- houses in course of building, but no^v the area of the glass structure has been determined — for the present, at least — by the erection of a large span-roofed house, now well filled with plants. An important altera- tion is now going on— the transformation of one of the older houses into a warm house for Cattleyas. It will be well known that many of the Cattleyas, and among them the beautiful C. superba found in the hot low-lying regions of South Americ.^, north of the Amazon river, and others from the regions of the Orinoco and Rio Negro rivers, refjuire a greater degree of heat than do others. In this house large tanks of water, in which a collection of Nymphaias and other water plants will be grown, occupy the centre, and over these tanks the Cattleyas will be suspended in baskets of Teak-wood. C. superba itself succeeds best when fixed to short length of dead Tree Fern stems. Round the sides of the house there will be stages upon which other species of plants will be placed. The clever methods for throwing moisture on the walls and paths by meana of hot-water pipes has been alluded to before, but besides this large quantities of tree leaves are placed beneath the stages, where they give off moisture, which seems to suit the requirements of the plants, Every efTort is made to keep the plants in a healthy condition and free from insects. There are con- siderable numbers of recently introduced and note* worthy Orchids in flower at the present time in the various houses, and the Cattleyas and La:Iias are well represented by numerous flowering plants. Cattleya Percivalliana — distinct, and one of the latest additions to the C. labiata group^was nicely m THE GABDEKEBS' CUB ONI CLE. [fEBUfAflT i5, l.y a red-purple venation, while there is, to crown all, a faint honey-like scent. Masdevallias were represented by M. ignea, of many colours ; M. Fraseri, a hybrid, deep purplish- lake ; and M. Schroderiana, purple and white, with yellowish tails. The lovely group of Odontoglossuni najvium niajns was something to be lingered over and admired. These plants have graceful pure -white flowers, blotched and spotted with crimsom. The discovery of the habitat of this plant was a great find. Of the genns Cypripedium there were many choice hybrids besides new species in flower, and amongst them I observed C. Godseffianum, a hybrid between C. hirsutissimum and C. Boxallii, which, at first sight, might be taken for C. hirsutissimum, but the dorsal and lateral sepals show the markings of C. Boxallii, with the purplish tint of the other parent; it is very bright in colour. C. lo, between C. Law- rencianum and C. argus, is singular and interesting: it has the dorsal sepal of C. Lawrenciannm, and tlie peculiar daik spots on the lateral sepals of Argus ; C. Hornianuni = C. superbiens, and C. Spicerianum, the last-named species being distinctly visible in the dorsal sepal ; the laterals are thickly marked with small dots; the lip is intermediate between the parents. C. tonsum is a distinct Cypripedium of very pale tints; the upper sepal whitish, marked with purple lines. An entire house was filled with C. caud.atum, splendidly grown, the foliage as green as grass, and not a single leaf decayed at the tips, as is so often observed. How has this result been brought about ? some might say. 1 was curious to know ; and all the details of the culture were pointed out to me. They are grown in an intermediate-house. The plants have been potted in a compost formed principally of loam and leaf-mould; the pots are plunged over the rims in growing moss: this is all. J. D. IIessrs. J. L.\iN9 & Sons, FonEST IIii-l. There are a few good Orchids in flower, two fine pieces of Cwlogyne cristata attracting immediate notice on entering the house, but the eye is imme- diately carried to a flower of Cattleya Trianic with a very richly colonred lip, the deep colour running far back, and traces of it showing throughout the entire length. Cattleya Percivalliana is also in flower. Of the popular Cypripediums, V. llarrisianum and C. insigne were represented by finely flowering lots. Kpidendrum cucullatum, Odontoglossum Kossii, O. Cervantesii, &c., and a pan of tlie pretty wliite iMas- devallia tovarensis, were also flowering bravely, in spite of the recent fogs, which hung very heavily over the S.B. district of London. Cinerarias and Chinese rriniulas were a'so to be seen ,iu»t begin- ning to make a display of good size and colour. In the way of Ferns the usual popular sorts were to be seen, such as Polypodium aureum, numerous Adian- tums, including a large specimen plant of A. trape- ziforme. Aspleuim bulbiferura. Nephrolepis daval- lioides furcans, &c. Peristrophe lanceolaria, which is grown in quantity, was full of flowers. JlEssns. II. Low AND Son's, CtirTOS. The fogs during the present winter have been more trying to tender flowers than they have been for many years past ; and the collections in the East of London have probably suffered more than those in the West. It is some satisfaction to the owners to know that their plants themselves are not injured but may be improved thereby, because, the flowers being destroyed, the plants are not distressed by striiins to support them. Had the weather per- mitted, the PhaUenopsids would at this time have . been a beautiful sight as it is, the flower-buds are crippled and the opening, and open flowers have been crumpled up. I have not seen the cool house Orchids suffer so much in any winter as they have done during the past one, not only from fog, but the want of sun- shine. The petals of the flowers are as if glued together, and even when these are loosened by the flngers, no strength seems left in the flower to develope itself into what it ought to be. I saw many of the flowers in this state this nursery, and in our garden at Ilford. We must comfort ourselves with the reflection that what is lost in pictorial effect, will be recouped in the greater plumpness of the pseudobulbs, for it is remarked that when a plant bears two or three strong spikes of blooms, especially in the winter, when root-action is sluggish, the bulbs shrink in bulk considerably and take weeks and even months to plump up again. The plants seem now to have made a fresh start, and some of the groups of Orchids are a beautiful sight, even now. In one of the houses a collection of many hundreds of splondid plants of the recently intro- duced Cypripedium bellatulum was observed, many of which were exhibiting flowers. This, the best of the C. GodefroyjB section, has more variability in its markings than that variety. C. concolor may be taken as the type of this group, and C. niveum, the nearest allied species. They all seem to thrive better when some fibrous calcareous turfy loam used in jiotting the plants can be added to the other ingredients. A fine lot of C. Sanderianum had passed well — so far — through the winter; the plants seem right well established, and likely to grow away freely under the increasing light and .varmth. C. Argus was coming into flower: indeed, a few floweis were fully open. C. Ilay- naldianum was also in flower, and which at first sight may be said to resemble a pale form of C. Lowii, but there are structural difl'erences observ- able when it is closely examined. It flowers in the spring earlv ; the plants grow to a large size, and when well furnished with well-furnished scapes it is a very striking subject. Amongst Cattleyas, a few good forms of C. Trianre were in flower, and two or three nice spikes of C. amethystoglossa. Amongst the C. Mossi.x we placed a few of Epiden- drum ciliare. The plant is not distinguish.able from those of C. Jlossim ; it has not a striking flower ; the sepals and petals being of a greenish-yellow, and the lip is pure white. The flower is sweetly perfumed at night. In the hi use set apart for species of Angriccum of small growth there were numbers of A. citratum whose flowers were fortu- nately not open during the interval of fogs, and the buds were not injured, so that, with favourable weather, there will be numerous flowers open in a few days. On a small group of plants of A. hya- loides, described at p. 1.3S, I counted fifteen spikes on one small plant, and most of them had from nine to a dozen clustering at the base of the stem. There were many of A. sesquipedale, but this species is as easily injured by fog as the more fragile Phaloonopsis ; a few were iij flower, but sadly crippled. J, D, fEBRUARY 0, 1889.] i'lti: GA RbENEli S' CilR ONIOL R 171 MANUllES Foil I'KAC'H TREKS. The eighth annual report of the New Jersey Agri- cultural Experimental Station, established for the " benelit of practical and scientific agriculture, nnd for the development of unimpioved lands," gives the ac- count of an interesting and instructive experiment upon the effect of different fertilising substances upon Feach trees. The investigation has been under the management of Mr. S, C. Dayton, Basking Kidge, Somerset County, N.J. The experiment, which embraces twelve plots, was begun in 1S8-1. Since the commencement two plots have received no plant-foud whatever; of the remaining pluts, no two have been manured alike ; otherwise their treatment has been identical. The trees on all the plots are uniform in size ; the only effect produced by the fertilisers, so far as the eve could discern, has been in the darker green of tlie foliage of the trees where superphosphate has been used. The variety of Pr-aclies planted was Crawford's Late Malacatoons. Thirteen trees were planted on each plot, which is of one-tenth acre area. The plots were ploughed in the spring as soon as the ground was in suitable condition. The manures were sown broadcast and afterwards harrowed in ; the Iiarrow- ing was repeated to keep down the weeds and stimulate the growth of the trees. The plots were again ploughed late in June, and harrowed ; after- wards the weeds were mown. The trees were not pruned this season, and are re- ported to have made a thrifty growth, many of the main branches being more than 3 feet in length, and the foliage large and green. The fruit was of good size and excellent in quality, but it lacked somewhat in colour, being too much shaded. The largest fruit grew on Plot 11, receiving farmyard manure alone ; the smallest fruits were from the unmanured plots. The crop ripened from September 15 to 20. In this experiment the rows of trees are 20 feet apart, in order to prevent the roots from feeding on adjoining plots, the usual custom being to plant them about 15 feet apart, which, of course, gives more trees to the acre. The first crop from the orchard was harvested in 1887. The following table will show the kind and quantity of manure used in each case, with the quantity of produce obtained, and the value of the crop :— Table showing th^ EJftct of Different Munnres upon Peach Trees, JSS7. ■^ Manures applied =- iu Quantities pur Acre. No. 1 2 3 4 '] 1) 11 .3i No manure Nitrate of soJa. 150 lb.... ISuperpIio-phatf, 050 lb. Muriate of potash . loO lb. Nitrate of soda, 1.^0 lb.... Superphosphate, lioJ lb. No manure Nitrate of soda. 1501b.... Muriate of potash, 150 lb. SujiPr phosphate. S-i.) lb. Muriate of potash. 150 lb. Nitrate of soda. 15(Hb.,.. Superphosphate, ;j.iO lb. Muriate of potash, 150 lb. GvpsuTu, 400 lb Farm - yard manure. 20 tons Farm - vard maiiurt-. lot. IIS Lime, 50 bashfh Baslip(3 of per Acre of i;iU Trees. Value per .\cre of the Crop. iDcre' he from Manure Supply. luG-6 £ s. 11 5 d. 10 £ s. lants that have grown and flowered in fiames all the winter and spring, and are of a good size, and will, If properly handlt'd, make a good number of plants fur the ni'xt winter and spring. In choosing tliL' slioots fur planting, do not make use of the old hard centre ones, but take the strongest side-shoots; those having some roots are beet; but if a suflicient number cannot be got with roots, then take them without, pulling them off with a heel, and cutting the ragged ends with a sharp knife. My own experience is, to get them with roots if possible ; but then I have plenty of plants to choose from, and I take only the strongest side- shoots, which have not flowered much, or at all. I never plant wiry runners or old centres. The centres are easily distingui?.hed from llie sidi'-slioots I speak of. as th^y are the shoots that liave been flowering all tiie season, and have stems that look as if they would grow into little trees. Now that the offsets are ready for planting, I will proceed to describe my own practice in carrying out that operation. Where Violets are expected to grow, and make n*,. ;il. — iULli Ol- A. BIFOLIA C> SUBALPI.NA) ON MOU.NT HOOD, OKEGON. Fig. 30.— cone-scale and seed or a. bifuua. good-sized plants by the autumn, the proper distance to plant is 1 foot apart each way. I mark the rows first with a measuring-rod, putting in a short stick at every row on both sides of the border ; then a line is stretched across the border from stick to stick, then the plank is laid down, and the planter, stand- ing on it, takes a marked lath or the rod, and lays it parallel with the line, and on the opposite side of it to that on which he stands, a plant is laid down at every foot, and with an ordinary planting trowel the planter slips in the plant, making it firm with his fingers. When three or four rows are planted, they are watered with a fine-rose can — and so on to the end, I do not put in the plants opposite to each other, but alternately, as by planting in that manner the most space is given to each plant. The distance of the first jilant from the edging is never less than 8 inches. After the planting is finished the marks caused by the plank are raked out, and the border made to look neat and tidy. The second or third week in iSray is the time I have usually chosen for plantirff. I am aware that many growers plant earlier, but I do not see any advantage iu doing so, and one reason I give is this — from time to time the newly planted border is looked over to see if any blanks have occurred, as frequently happens from various causes, either failure to root, or from being thrown out by worms, and blown away, or nibbled over by mice, or eaten by slugs; the blanks are imme- diately filled up, and I have frequently noticed that the plants put in the latest take the lead of the others, and keep it throughout the growing season turning out the finest plants at lifting time. I think 174 THE GAIiDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEBnrAHY 9, 1S80. the cause is owing to this: — the side shoots taken to fill the blanks are stronger and better rooted thin others taken at the earlier period. So much am I convinced of this that if it were not for the work clashing with the summer bedding out I would not hesitate in the least to defer planting till the last week of Mar or June 1. Of course the frames have been lifted off to do duty elsewhere a month before planting time, but I always allow a large part of the plants to stand until those newly planted are all in the way of doing well. There is another way of preparing plants for planting out, and it is to take cuttings in March — the strongest side- shoots of course — and to treat them like any other cuttings — by cutting them square across below a joint, then prepare a frame of nicely riddled leaf-mould and sand, or any light sandy material ; insert the cuttings pretty closely, put on the sash and keep close, and Siiade until the rooting process begins or until the cuttings will stand sunlight without flagging, then when roott'd gradually liaiden off, and plant out as already dtscribed. Splendid plants and grandly flowering ones can be grown in this way, but I think the labour and trouble would be t-^o much for most amateurs. The Ghowing Season, Now that the border or piece of ground has been planted a sharp look-out will have to be kept to make good blanks at once. The plants will require to ba watered in dry weather with a rose-can, and until they are fairly started into growth it is a good thing to dew them over with the syringe bet ecn 4 and 5 p.m., which will help to freshen the foliage and keep away red-spider. I never shade my plants in any way, and do not think it at all necessary to do so. After a time weeds will make their appearance, and as the ground has been made rich with manure, there will he sure to be a good crop of them ; they must be got rid of hy hand weeding, and the soil between the rows stirred ■with a Djtch hoe. Always avoid treading on the ground, and use tiie j)Iank as much as possible. As tiie plants grow, what are called runners will begin to make their appearance ; these are small wiry-like offsets growing straight out on all sides of the plants; these must be nipped off with the finger and thumb, or cut-off with a sharp knife, the aim and object being to get plants with upright centre growths only. They will require to be gone over frequently for that purpose during the growing season, and also after they are put iuto their flower- ing quarters. Tiiese runners prevent good flov/ering, lessen the size of the flowers, and are useless, except as a means of increase. As there is nothing created without a use, I must find some use even for Violet runners. Before taking up the next subject, I would like to say what I consider a good thing to do, in order to procure good, strong, nicely routed side- Bhoots for planting: it is to draw the soil well up about the plants in the frames a fortnight or so before planting time, and also i>ut a few handsfuU of soil right into the centres of the plants, and water with a rose-can to settle it; this will facili- tate the making of roots on the shoots that are to be taken for planting. The above hints are not for beginners, but it will be a good practice to fnllow in time to come. John Heath, Stiltjcwick, Kendal. (To be continued.) Cultural Memoranda. SPARMANNIA AFKICAXA. This easily grown plant is one of the most useful, and will do well under the same treatment as I'jupatorium during the summer, and in any common Boil. In this way large plants may be obtained by the autumn, which will flower throughout the winter. In making a compost for it sandy loam will be found very suitable, and the potting should be done firmly, otherwise rapid rooting will demand very large pots to flower it in. ThisSparmunnia does well for training up the back walls of conservatories, Bad even along rafters they make a good display. AnUTILONS of all kinds are at present very gay, and some plants placed on the back wall of a mid-season vinery, with their roots confined in a narrow border have made a display fur several months, and the floweis are much used for vases, either by taking the flowers indi- vidually, when small glasses are used, or cutting them off in bunches, which they readily form when ])lant3 are large and have been spurred in. Habroth-uinus elegans, on the back wall of a Peach-huuse, supplies large quantities of cut flowers between November and spring, and in that way is very serviceable. Grown to a large size in pots whose bottom is knocked out, and which are plunged half-way in soil made firm, is a suitable way to grow this rampant growing plant, this treatment inducing free flowering. Many of the plants grown in pots would give less trouble were tliey jilanted out in confined borders. The length of tiaie tliey continue to supply flowers in abundance is FlH. ;1J.— Tl'PE Fl'iURE OF A. Sl'DAlJ'INA KXGKLMAN.N. a strong argument in favour of planting out these plants and many others where there is suitable space for them. Cytisus, Acacias, Kenedyas, Chorozemas, and Aotus are among the free-flowering kinds of special value for the purpose indicated. Caledonian. BxONONIAS AND TfiCOMAS. These require some little discrimination as to the best time and mode of pruning, otherwise failure will result. Tlu; species Streediana, speciosa. Cherere, capreohita, and others, will shortly be in bloom, according to the heat kept tip. Although the last named is quite hardy, yet it is seen to best advantage in a cool greenhouse. Along with the others named, any pruning which these may require should be deferred till after they have flowered ; indeed, it is the general rule, but there are some exceptions, viz., B. argyrea-violascea, that may be cut in frequently, as much of the beauty of this plant lies in the prettily marked young growth ; others, wliich iire better with but a small amount of pruning at any time, are B. purpurea and Chamber- layuii; and even Cherere, a thinning-out and regu- lating the shoots being all that is needed with these Then there are others belonging to the allied genus, Tecoma, which should not be severely pruned, viz., T. .australis and T. jasminioides. On the other hand, T. radicans, T. capensis, B. grandiflora (hardy in. some localities), and B. venusta, are all the better for being freely cut back after flowering; but the deciduous species, radicans and grandiflora, are best left till the wood is ripe. Bignonias take a fair ailiount of head-room, a good rich holding soil to grow in, as mucli light as ]iossible, and copious waterings, both at the root and overhead, with the garden-engine while growing. When thus treated they are splendid subjects for furnishing the roofs or domes of large conserva- tories ; but B. venusta does best in an intermediate temperature ; for the others the cool greenhouse will suffice. Plumbago capbnsis and P. zeylanica. Plants of these which have been resting, either as climbers or in pots, may now be closely pruned in, and put into a moist growing house, at a tempera- ture of 50°. They will break in a very short time, but before the buds have pushed far, any repotting or top-dressing should be done. A rich, friable, loamy compost answers well, potting firmly, without disturbing the roots much. Keturn them to their growing quarters, syringe frequently, and the result will be nice decorative stuff for the conservatory in a very short time. P. zeylanica is a Cingalese species, often sold under the name P. capensis alba. It is, however, not so lasting in flower as the blue Cj.pensis, nor as hardy. F. li. Crotoks. If cuttings a few inches long are made from the points of the shoots of Croton, and inserted singh' in 3-inch pots filled with sandy soil, watered, and placed in heat, they will soon take root; and by following a careful course of shifting into larger pots when necessary, pinching the points of ttie shoots, and keeping the plants moist at the roots as well as overhead, useful decorative stuff will be obtained by the autumn. H. JV. JK. OOONTOGLOSSUM OUANDE. The culture of 0. grande is simple. It should be grown during tlie summer months in a cool, moist house ; it will then be in active growth, and should be sujjplied wiLli plenty of water. When the new ]>seuo- bulbs have become fully developed the plants should be kept dry, so as to thoroughly rest them. In the early part of September the plants require a warmer atmosphere, ranging from GO'^ — 05° Fahr., as this increased warmth will induce the plants to produce strong spikes. AVhen these have pushed up, the plants must be again kept well watered after the flower season is over; and rejjotting, if necessary, should then be done. This Orchid grows naturally in dump, shady woods, where the temperature seldnm exceeds 70°, with a minimum of ^G'"' in winter. Tliough the j)hvnts rcipiire shade frum direct sunliglit in summer, e.scessive shading is harmful, litichcnhachia. The Apiary. — ♦ TuK weather is still very mild for the time of year. Bees are beginning to get active, and where tliere is any food at all, the queens are beginning to breed. If bees are not flying in the middle of the mildest days we have had lately, then suspect that something is wrong. If dead bees are now being l>itched out of the hives things may be considered as prospering inside, fur directly the living bees mean business their first thouglit (?) is to remove every- thing useless ; and it is a good thing to assist them by booking out any dead bees that are near tlie entrance. If it is susjiected that the bees are short of fuod, give them some in the shape of candy, but no liquid food must be given for some time to come. I always recommend people to buy their candy, as it is some- what troublesome to make. However, there are i'EBBUARV d, 1689.J THE OABDENERS' GHBONICLE. 175 many beekeepera who are deUrmined to wait on their bees themselves, nnd a very good food can be made a« follows:— Make some very thick syrup, such as is used to feed up bees in the autumn ; while this syrup is hot keep addinjj; powdered loaf-sugar and stir well. Keep this boiling till the mass is solid, and leave it to cool. Then put this food on the top of the frames. It is advisable before putting the food ou to ascertain whether the bees are alive or dead. If placed on a hive of dead bees it will only teacli bees to rob, and will be worse than useless. By the time this appears the second week of the month will have comnuM.ced, and hee-nia^ters must be up and duiug. Uot hives ready, so that beos will not have to wait for a home. lie is uot a master of his craft who allows the bees to swarm before there are any hives prepared for them. ^Further on, when hives have begun to get really dry, a coat of paint may be given. If JIarch is seasonable, and there are dry cold winds, this ought to be done then, as the bees would not come out in any numbers, and the wind would soon dry the paint. Colour is a matter of taste. If, however, yon have your hives pretty close together, it is well to have Lhera of diderent colours. Sir John Lubbock has proved, in his valuable book, Wasps, Ants, and Bees, that bees do distinquisli colour, and if the hives are made to look Jillerent to each other, it may cause more than one queen to find her way home after marriage. £ee. Plants and Their Culture. The Stove. — Many of the plants in this depart- ment will now require repotting, tlie potting materials for the ditierent kinds of plants being ready to hand, all dirty ]iots washed, plenty of clean crocks (or drainage purposes prepared, aud the dif- ferent kinds of soils placed where they will be warmed. Failing a warm potting-shed a space in the stove may be cleared for the work. Anthuriums reii'iire special attention, a diHerent kind of soil to t!i:il used for other stove ]dants being needed for them. The compost for Autliuriums and similar plants should consist of one part fibrous peat, one part turfy loam, plenty of clean river or silver sand, broken charcoal, and chopped sphagnum moss. Wlien repotting k»ep the root well up above the rim of the pot, which should first be half filled with clean crocks, an inverted flower-pot being placed in the middle. Alocasia raetallica and A. Veitchii also require a special compost, which should be chiefly peat, broken charcoal, some dry, decayed cow-dung manure and sand. When repotting shake away all the old soil from the roots. A. raacrorhiza and A. zebrina should have a portion of gocd turfy loam added to the above, and more manure be used. Crotons should have plentv of drainage in the pots, so as to allow of the excessive moisture these plants receive in syringing to keep down yellow thrips to draw away. Crotons also require a liberal proportion of loam in the compost, and quarter inch bones or bnne-dust, which are very beneficial to the plants. Marantas should be repotted, and divided if this is required, using plenty of peat in the compost. Dracicnas should be shifted, and in repotting them, the ball should be placed a little nearer the bottom of the pots than before, and to do this 2 inches of the tap- root may have to be removed. These detached pieces soon root and make good plants if placed in bottom- heat. Palms should be repotted where necessary, but overpotting in too many instances is practiced. Tlie plants may be top-dressed and kept healthy and growing for several years, care being taken that the drainage is perfpct. Many of the strong-growing, larger-rooted stove plants will be benefited by the use of bone-dust, or quarter inch bones in the com- post. Any plants that are deficient of roots should for a time be plunged in a mild bottom-heat to assist them in forming new ones. Any training or tying should now be done, using as few stakes as possible ; the house thoroughly cleaned and rearranged, the temperature slightly raised, that is to 65^ by nigljt, and 10° to 15° higher during the day, the house being kept close for a time after re-potting, with increased atmospheric moisture. Greenhouse. — Many of the imported Lilies will now be showing signs of growth, and should be potted, and in case the old stock was not potted in the autumn no time should be lost in doing so now, using g.,ud yellow loam, decayed cow manure, and a sprinkling of saiuJ, potting tlie bulbs d.-eply, and afterwards plunge them in coca liUre or hard tree leaves, pro- tecting the pots from rain and snow. Pelargonium?. — These plants should now be shifted into their flowering pots, giving them a moderate shift, using good loam, some dry, decayed cow manure, and bone-dust, and a little sand. In repotting the soil should be firmly rammed, to encourage the plants to make short-jointed wood, and they should be carefully wiiterrd until new roots are formed. The pUuils sliould be dipped in diluttd tobacco-water before reptttting, if green-tiy itJ present. Zonals elionld, now the floweiing season is past, he cut back, the !i.trongeat cuttings inserted in thumb-pots, and jdaeed in a warm houee, where tliey will soon make rout, and may then be trans- ferred to a cooler Iuii:«e. iC. Wt/thrs, Sicn Il'Mise, Brentford. ' The Hardy Fruit Garden. Phoning and Nailinq Peaches, &c. — In gardens wliere a great amount of space on walls is devoted to Peaches and Nectarines, the annual jiruning and training may now he proceeded with, and if a good nninher of young shoots were laid in in summer to lake the place of tlioso which have borne fruit (the latter may be cut back as also any of the older non- fruitful branches when necessary). Practically speak- ing,the chief part of the prunin;; should have taken place soon after the fruit was gathered ; and at the same lime the young fruitful shoots laid in at a distance of 0 to 8 inches apart, as a means towards getting them ripened satisfactorily. All trees infesteil with insect of any kind should he taken entirely from the walls, and get a thorough cleaning as recoinnien\ will be the right one, sliutting up with sun-heat, and give as much air as possible during mild, fine weather, taking advantage in every way of fine days to force the Viues during sunshine. Lxter Houses. — One house may now be started with a tempLjratnre of 50^, carrying out former directions in this mitter. JK B^iindt, H^uijeiiiire, Biirton-on-Tre/i*. Home Correspondence. ^^^ Correspondents will (jri-iitli/ oblige by seiidiny early inteltijencc of local cvc/if.'i lilcely to he of interest to our readers, or of an// maltrrs iv/iich it is desirable to briny under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of re/?iarkablf ■plants, trees, tfv., are also solicited^ RYE-GRASS IN PASTURES. — Consiject of unques- tionable interest to gardeners, and with most of what he says I quite agree, but there are some pjints that need considerable simplification. In my opinion a great many head gardeners have got themselves to thank in the main for the inferior stoking abilities found in many young gardeners. Stoking at the best of times is nut agreeable work, and there is probably no part of a young gardener's education that comes in tor more neglect, both on the jiarc of the student and the teacher. After eighteen years' experience with a great variety of heating apparatus, I have come to the conclusion that good stoking consists of four points, viz., 1st, a clear ash-pit ; 2nd, a good fire-iron, made so a'^ to readily slide backwards and forwards between the bars from the underside, at the same time expedi- tiuusly turn out a clinker inside; Srdly, an even distribution of fire and fuel over all the available space of the fire-bars; 4thly (and this is the kernel of the whole matter), a proper regu- lation of the damper and ash-pit door. I am strongly of opinion tiiat dampers and ash-pit doors are in many instances used in the most reck- less haphaziid way, and are by far the most fruitful causes of bad stoking. A young gardener is told to get up the heat, as the saying goes; he forthwith opens the bottom door pulls out the damper to its fullest extent, which causes a rapid through draft, end quicklv has the desired efiect and gets up the heat, but wfiere ?— up the chimney. Assuredly the major part of it, as can often be seen by the rajiid volumes of heat ascending many feet from the chimney. With an empty ash-pit and a judi- cious use of the fire-iron and as!i-pit door, I find it seldom necessary to have the damper touched, beyond keeping it drawn out about 2 inches ; this gives economy of fuel and the maximum amount of heat in the houses. While speaking of dampers, are we always to have them made up of a rapid heat-condnctinfT medium like iron? Surely it is possible and desirable to have some non-conducting material such as asbestos or carbon, or something to keep such large quantities of heat escaping up chimneys. This also, to a great extent, applies to heating apparatus. Enormous quantities of heat escape owing to the present mode of setting boilers. As an instance of this we have a cement tank beside a boiler, but quite a yard distant, unprotected and exposed to all weathers: it is 4 feet square and 7 feet deep ; the water in this tank is quite warm, in spite of the severe frosty weather of the last week. I must join issue with " W. II." respecting coke. I entirely dispute the good qualities of this fuel for small boilers, unless it is considered desirable for gardeners to be up until the small hours of the morning iu sharp frosty weather, and even then I have known houses to stand 10*^ and 15*^ below the proper standard. A far better fuel for small boilers, unless the draught is bad, is anthracite coal. The remarks of Mr.T. Christy (see issue for Dec. 2D, 1838) on stoking are very pertinent. Anthracite must not be .stoked in the ordinary way ; it most first be broken fairly small, but avoid making it like dust; keep the fire-bars clear on the underside, and draw out what small clinkers there are only when necessary — that is, about twice a week. Intelligently used this fuel is admirable. It is so very regular in burning and durable that it is quite a pleasure to go into the 180 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Fedboaby 0. 1889. houses in the morniog and find the temperature just what it should be. A fire will go very safely in the worst of weather for eight hours. I have a record of temperatures in the houses by coke and coal respectively. F. W. Seers. LYGODIUM SCANDENS.— This climbing Fern is superbly grown at Normanhurst, Lord Brassey's residence near Battle. The plant is situated in a narrow border, and allowed to run up bars of iron as thick as one's linger to a height uf twenty feet. This Fern has many distinctive features and is a good help to the gardener where much greenery is required. Asparagus plumosus, when treated in a similar way, is equally satisfactoi'y. H. It. H. A RUDE TREE GUARO. — The Other day I was at Barking, in Essex, which under its newly-formed Local Board seems to be " setting its house in order,' the old, neglected streets, &c., having been improved, and, in one instance (the Longbndge Hoad), trees have been planted on one of the pathways. These young trees have, out of the anxiety of the Board, been duly protected from injury in a manner which surpasses in grotesqueness any plan I have ever before seen. Each tree is encased in a veritable box, made of four thick planks about 6 feet long. On each of the four sides a few small holes have been bored, (as peep-holes no doubt, through which the progress of the inmates may be noted), and which are the only air spaces in the structure. Moreover, the branches of several of the trees are held together in a most unnatural way by the top end of these tunnels, and the whole results in the most blundering style of tree-protection I have ever observed, and one which the parochial authorities ought to remedy. W. E. HOME-GROWN LILIUM AURATUM.— [The follow- ing note accompanied a jjhotograph of two plants in flower of Lilium auratum. Ed.] : — These fine many-flowered plants are from English-grown bulbs. The bulbs were taken out of a large bed in the open ground and potted. We grow a large quantity of this Lily every year in beds well prepared for them, and which do well with us. We begin to lift the bulbs generally about the beginning of September, selling them principally to the trade. T/ios. Piper ij- Son, Marc.'ifie/d, Sn!^?e.v. TABERN/EMONTANA FLORIBUNDA.—I have fre- quently seen inquiries in the gardening Press asking respecting the treatment this plant requires to get it to bloom freely. Knowing how difficult it is found by some to get it to expand its lovely sweet-scented white flowers, I will state the method of cultivation pursued here. As soon as the plants have done flowering they are turned out of their pots, the roots examined, and if found to refjuire it they are repotted into larger pots, the drainage of the pots having thorough attention, this being a most important point in their culture, and I find that they do much better if their roots are rather confined, and as a con- sequence they require water frequently. The plants are then plunged in bottom-heat of 80° to H.5^, top heat being kept at about 70° to 75°. Syringing the foliage is practised twice a day so as to assist the formation of young growth. They are grown in this way until the middle of the month of .June and then gradually hardened oil', finally being set out-of- doors in a sunny corner to thoroughly ripen the young shoots, and carefully noting at all times that they do not suff'er from want of water. Late in August or early in September the plants are taken indoors and brought along by degrees, finally removed into the warm house where bottom-heat and top- heat, as before, can be att'orded them, and during the time they are in flower weak manure-water given occasionally is beneficial. A. Bishvp, Weftlry Hall, Bury St. Edmunds. CELERY RUNNING TO STALK.— ^tr. .7. Williams is anxious to learn if others are in the same bad case in regard to their Celery running to stalk as himself. My Celery has bolted just as his has done, and there is little doubt that it is due to the prevailing mild- ness of the season (especially in this county — Kent), and not to early sowing, as the Eilitor remarked. My plants were raised I'l-om seed which were not Bown till early in April, and every attention was paid to it afterwards until lifting time, which commenced in September, when, to my surprise, about half way through the first row I began to find stalks were forming. The variety was Wright's Grove White, a well known and excellent Celery in ordinary seasons. There was no alternative but to try another variety — Major Clarke's Red, one of the best red celeries for general purposes we have, but this had aleo bolted. Sandringham White, the seed of which was sown at the same time as the foregoing, b.at planted out somewhat later, is at present in good condition. C. EnsoU, ElfirnU, Hairl.hursf. THE SEED TRADE AND THE MERCHANDISE MARKS' ACT. — Mr. James Elder's letter, repro- duced in your issue of February 2, clearly shows that the above Act is not unnecessary to prevent fraudulent practice in the seed trade. 'i'et its jjrovisions are not without some hardship in their .administration, in cases where by oversight or igno- rance of its scope an infringement unwittingly occurs, yet in which no fraud is possible or intended. It inay be of interest to importers of Continental flower seeds to know that the words "finest," " choicest," &c., which are usually written or pidnted on the packets of German and other Continental flower seeds along with the names of the kinds, are by the Customs authorities held to be " quality marks " in terms of the Act : and, further, that the words " produced in Germany," or the name of the country in which the seeds were produced, must be written or printed in that formula on each packet. The result of any infringement of the Act by the use of the above so-called " quality marks,'' and the omission of the country of production, is detention of the consignment by the customs, authorities with a demand from them for an explanation from the con- signee. A case of tliis kind occurred recently to Jlr. Hugh Hanan, [seedsman, Bank Street, Edin- burgh, in connection with a post parcel of German flower seeds, on many of the packets contained in which were the said quality marks, and on none was the country of production stated as prescribed by the Act. A week's delay was caused in con- sequence, along with some vexatious correspondence, neither of which can be regarded as convenient or pleasing occurrences by seedsmen in the busy season. It was not made perfectly clear that the use of. the words construed into "quality marks " was in itself the infringement in this case, but rather that the omission of the name of the country in which the seeds were produced was the ground of ort'ence ; for before consignee got delivery of his goods, the postal authorities in Edinburgh were instructed by those in London to see that this omission was supplied in terms of the Act, while the quality marks were permitted to remain on the packets. In a similar way it appears the Act causes trouble and expense of a needless kind to shippers of grain. At Leith and other ports where grain arrives in bulk it cannot be delivered except the sacks used in heaving it from the vessel have the name of the country of production stamped upon them. It is diflicult to see how fraud could be prevented in either ca«e by such a provision, and equally so to conceive motive for fraud. But as it is the law seedsmen may save themselves vexation and deliiy bv instructing their foreign corresjjondents to carry out its provisions to the letter as regards flover seeds. As for grain dealers there is no help for them except in the abrogation of the obnoxious pro- vision as bearing on their particular case. ^Y. Suthcr- laud. HARDY PRIMROSES. — In view of the present mild weather some alteration in the date of the National Auricula Society (Southern Section) show for the ensu- ing year will have to be effected. I find at the present time that hardy I'limroses are fully six weeks more advanced than'last year at this time, and if no check to growth come, although the blooming seascm may be a prolonged one, yet the height of the bloom will probably be found during the middle of M.arch, and ]ierhaps earlier. IIow the i)lant3 are behaving in warmer soil I cannot say, but the soil here— a stift' clay— is now satur.ated with water, and yet, with growth of unusual vigour, there is .already a charming show of flowers, and every pro.'spcct of full bloom in a short time if no untoward change of weather occurs. A.D. COW MANURE FOR RHODODENDRONS.— It may not be generally known that Uliododendrons are benefited by the application of cow-manure in a green state as a top-dressing in the spring. It may be borne in mind that .any beds which require re- planting by reason of the plants having become crowded, may be taken in hand during March and early in A|u'il. Where the soil is unsuited to Kho- dodendrons some fresh peat, half-decomposed leaves, and silver-siind should be mixed with it, and when the planting is done a mulching of cow-man\ire may be laid over the roots to a depth of 4 inches ; and if the appearance of the manure is not liked a slight covering of soil may be laid over it. This mulch- ing of the soil will save much labour in watering, should the following summer be a dry one ; more- over, the plants will derive benefit from the manuie wheli it is decavid, and also from the various manurial salts, which will be carried down to the roots by rain and otherwise, leading to greater size in the flowers and richer colour in the new foliage. /■-'. STEAM HEATING.— In Mr. II. .\. Bunyard'a in- teresting article on the nursery of Mr. Peter Hen- derson, of New Yoik, in your issue for .Tanuary 26, he states that heating greenhouses by steam instead of hot water, so far as he is aware, has not been attempted in England. It will interest many of your readers to learn that Mrs. William Clibran & Son, of Altrincham and Manchester, have success- fully used steam to warm several large greenhouses 1.50 feet long. F. C. Edwards. [Of course there is nothing new in steam heating. It was tried here long ago but has been discarded as unsafe and net economical. Ed.] TESTACELLA MAUGEI.— Is this curious and cannibalistic slug peculiar to certain soils 'i I find it to be plentiful here in certain portions of the ground, but rarely turned up in others. Probably there are many gardens in which it is never found. I have often seen it gorging itself with earthworms, but never with slugs. How long it requires to swallow a worm perhaps four or five times its own length it would be hard to say, but curiously enough, whilst I have often seen two-thirds, or perhaps one-half of the worm still to be absorbed, I have never noticed one with only a very sm.all portion of the unfortunate worm projecting. I never destroy these buft'-coloured tail-armoured slugs, but all the same I am not sure that the destruction of earthworms is sufficient excuse for permitting them to live. If, however, they do not prey on vegetable life— and I do not think they do— then to kill these slugs would be wanton cruelty. A. D. FIG TREES IN SOUTH HANTS.— Fig trees bear capital crops of fruit always, whether against walls or in the open as standard bushes, and covering the trees is never required, no matter what the weather may be ; and in fact it would be almost impossible to afford protection to standards. One of these which I have in my mind is growing in a garden at the foot of Portsdown Hill. This is a tree of large size, some of the largest branches of which it has been found necessary to prop up. The fruit is very large, and none finer is anywhere to be found, and as regards flavour it is superb. At .another place, 12 miles in a northerly direction from Portsdown, many trees are growing on a wall with a southerly aspect, which, being a low one, the trees have grown over the top it for about .5 feet, and are allowed to go unpruncd, still they always have fruit in abundance. There are several varieties. Brown Turkey being included. The position of the branches, now that they have topped the wall, and are exposed to north .and north-easterly winds in April, is a cold one, but affording the trees any covering is never thought of. Bishop's Waltham. THE PRESERVATION OF HARD FRUITS.— lIoW to keep Apples and Pears in really good fresh con- dition lor a lengthened period is a |u-oblem which needs solution. In some cases, perhaps rather rare ones, we see Apples turned out in e.xcellent condition, that is, so far as appearances go, even so late as March and April. At the recent mid-winter exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum Society there was shown, with some other Apples, a dish of Worcester Pearmain, which is ordinarily ripe in October, apparently in good condition. Too often, however, in regard to these late kept fruits of early sorts, the body is there but the soul has fled. To keep Pears late into the winter is very much more diflicult than is the keeping of Apples. Ordinarily we have few good Pears left fit to eat by the end of the year, and sometimi'S few are good after the end of November. To be able to keep good table Pears some two or three months longer would be, indeed, a boon to gardeners, who have often to throw away of their fine fruit as many prematurely decayed as they consume. We have not incur fruit conferences faced this matter as we should do, and before we go much farther in relation to culture it would be well if the problem of good keepiug of Apples and Pears could be fully solved. Those gardeners who have found buried in leaves or partially in the soil beneath a tree some Apple or Pear fruits perhaps a couple of months after the crop tM been gathered, have not t"i;nnFARY 0, 1SS9.] 'ME GARDENEBS' CIIBONICLB. 181 failed to remaik \w\v wt.niifrl'iill}' fresh, tirra, ami sound the fruit has been preserved. One exphmation of this result seems to be found in an equable moist and cool temperature, just such as leaves or grass or the soil itself wouhl alibrd beneath trees. Such fruits ahvavs seem to be, when thus found, as (resli and firm as if they had just been gathered from the tree. Now, if such be the case, is it nut possible to furnish cool cliambers in cellars, or in contiguity to ice-houses, or through the aid of large refrigerators, as shall aftord the needful low equable temperature, aud prevent the fruit from maturing or softening. A temperature of from 32° to CA"^ — that is, just above freezing jioint — would no doubt serve to keep fruit from rapid matura- tion. To freeze the fruits would be to dfstroy their value, as the moment they were t^xposed to a higher temperature they would rot. "Were the selected fruits thus preserved in an equable low temperature, which should practically preserve the fruits as gathered for a long period, it is evident that ripe- ness might be secured in a few days by exposing the fruits to warmth in a temperate-housf. It would be a very important aid to a gardener could he thus have absolute command of the season, assuming that he also had ample fruit wherewith to maintain the supply. Of course, no one would be expected to subject all fruits to this cool preserving process, but it. would be well to specially select the best samples for late winter nse, all those needed up to the end of November being stored in the usual way. Still, all hardy fruit stores should be cooler as a rule, and the temperature kejit very equable. Ciianges of temperature inflict great harm on fruits especially during midwinter. It would be well if some experiments were conducted with a view to determine not only what temperature was the most desirable for preserving hardy fruits late, but how far fruits so kept suffered or benefited. If we could keep our best November Pears over till the New Year, what a boon that would be. A. I). ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED BEGONIAS.— How SOOn fickle f.ishion changes, cansing the banishment of plants in favour with us but a few years ago. This lot seems to have befallen the once favoured liex Begonias, some of which were purchased at that time for a guinea a plant. B. Kex, which was one of the first to appear, caused quite a sensation, and a throng of onlookers were always to be found wherever the plants were to be seen. This Begonia has lost none o" its beauty, and why it and the many finer varieties of leaf Begonias should have dropped out of cultiva- tion in the way tbey have is a puzzle to me. It was, perhaps, due to their being so easy to propagate and grow, as all one has to do is to throw down a leaf, and where the conditions are favourable a lot of plants spring up, and these will thrive when put in small pots if they receive plenty of water in the growing season. As subjects for furnishing vases to stand on brackets, or in otlier positions in rooms or halls, there are few plants more striking, but where they are even more efiective, in masses ou the rock- work, in ferneries, and when the work is well done they look as if they were in theirnatural home. The shade and humidity which suit the Ferns are just the conditions that they delight in, for so fond of moisture are they that plants which get their leaves splashed by a waterfall, do better than others in dry spots. When the materials of which the rock- work is made are porous the plants extend their rhizomes and travel on it, leaving soil behind, and getting all they require through the hosts of hair-like roots they send out. I have often wondered why the hybridists, who have done so much in the improvement of the tuberous Begonias have not tried to effect a cross with those andtiiese, forif the two kinds would breed together fine results might be looked for. To get an almost perpetual Howering hybrid with bright- culoured flowers and the foliage handsome also is a result which I. for one. would like to realise. J. S. Callas. — I saw a fine batch of these plants at Burghley a few days since flowering profusely. The pots ihty were in were 9 and 10 inch, and they were standing on turves over some hot-water pipes in an intermediate-house. Mr. Gilbert has lost faith in the planting- out system, and keeps his plants in pots. I opine the cold summer of 1S.S8 injuriously affected those that were planted out last season, the ab- eence of sun-heat having caused a corresponding scarcity of flowers. We planted out our roots, and the treatment has been as usual, and although the foliage could not look better than it does, the plants are not carrying so many flowers as in former years W, H. Divers, Ketton HaU. ORCHID ROOTS EATEN.— I have frequently seen Orchid routs gnawed and injured in a manner beyond my power of accounting for as the work of any of the insects in the house familiar to n)e. which you refer is the Embia, of whicli we illustrations at figs. 31 and 115. En.l give Fig. 34.— OHCuiD Ruoi,-, fatkx bv the kmdia, Fig. t5.— thf- emdia : 'jhe ukossed lines show xue KHAL SIZK. Sometimes the points are wholly destroyed, at others the partly hardened upper portions of the roots. I have not succeeded catching the delinquent — can it bean imported creature? t/. [Perhaps the insect to AMERICAN APPLES.— In the article ou American apples in your issue of February 1', the writer .states that the export trade in apples from America only dates from about twenty years back. I suppose he refers to the export in any great bulk, fiu- A]iples were certainly sold in this country, either fruiu Boston or New Vork, from forty-live to fifty years ago. When, some forty-seven years since, I was a very small concern in the knickerbockers of the period, I saw barrels of American Aj'ples in the shop of Thomas Isbister, giocer and wine merchant, Greenside -Street, Kdinburgli, and con- sumed some excellent samjiles of the same on many occasions. They were, I believe, imported by a relative of Mr. Isbister'is, resident in Glasgow, and in 18J1 a young scion of the family was, I have been informed, located in New Vork engaged in the business. I am under the impression that I saw heaps of barrels lying ready for shipment on a North River wharf in the lower part of the City of Knick- erbocker in the fall of ISoO. But tlie matter could be easily set at rest by anyone having access to the " Returns " of the period. As tu the Apple butter refen-ed to in the article above noted, I have an idea that it is our very old friend (in the "North Courtrie" at any rate) Apple jelly. Dried fruits and Apple jelly were not uncommon in Trans- atlantic boarding-houses kejit by (iei'mans thirty odd years since. It is pleasant to read of the vast strides made ia hard fruit culture of recent years by the folks of the Dominion of Canada. Times have changed. Many years since I went up that remark- able river, the Sagueray, which finds its outlet in tlie St. Lawrence — uji as far as a wide-spread- ing portion named Lake St. John {'t) — from a hill adjacent to which I first gazed on a far-extendtd sea of waving tree-tojjs of all shades of green — our good ship at anchor half a mile away, every rope mirrored in the placid waters surrounding her. Not a bird was there, nor a fruit to peck — nor mavis, thrush, or blackbird's sweet call was to be heard at the strange voiceless time of sundown. Farm after farm was passed, but not the least sign of an orchard. I have since thought that the French hahitans were wise in their generation, and did not parade their fruit trees to the gaze of seamen and travellers by the sea, tired of sea fare, and hunting for fresh vegetables and such fiuits as might show. An English stevedore, all the way from Lincolnshire, and who rejoiced in the society of an Indian wife, told me he had no time to look after fruit trees. I have no doubt that the many pleasure-seekers nowadays frequenting the banks of the Saguenay are not denied fruits in their season, including Canadian Apples. K. C. FRUIT TREE CULTURE ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO. — I think some of our anetJitors, at least, knew more about some of tin* jirinciides applied to fruit growing in the present day than is genei'ally sup- posed. I havf in my jjossesion an advejtisement, extracted from the Muvuinf/ Chon'n-le of October 3, 1788, which commences by stating, "Life being short and time precious, gentlemen who are fond of choice fruits should not delay planting their gardens. Such as have doubted the superior quality of foreign trees at the nursery, No. 5, Sloane Street, Knights- bridge, are earnestly requested to view the most capital show of delicate large fruits in Europe on young trees, ai plein rrnt, all planted within these two or three years, some even late as December and March last. The great merit of the foreign trees is, they are worked upon stocks that throw them into bearing immediately, and the fruit is large and ripens early; whereas the Pear and Apjile trees that are worked in England upon the Crab and h-^e stocks run all to wood, and the best kinds seldom give fruit sooner than ten or fifteen years. To plant such is planting for posterity." This establish- ment was known as the foreign nursery, and at it could be seen " a great variety of trained Peaches and Nectarines, trees of all ages ; also Figs, Peaches, Nectarines, and Cherry trees for forcing." Really this advertisement might have furnished a text-book for much that was stated at the recent Fruit Con- ferences. Is there any record extant as to when the Paradise stocks were first employed for grafting Apples upon in this country ? Tlie name of the proprietor of the foreign nursery in Sloane Street in 1788 is not stated, but it would appear that but little public attention wis attracted towards the methods of the advertiser, or we should not a cen- tury afterwards be hearing so much about the 182 THE QARDENEliS' GBBONIGLE. [■PEBKrATiT 0, I8S9. ftdvantagf'S of working Apples upon (Iwnrfin;: stocks. I wonder what Sloane Street was like in 1788. U. D. [Was this the nursery held by AV. Catleugh in Hans Place — a part of Kniphtsbridge lying just westward from Sloane Street ? Ed.] CLETHRA ARBOREA. — There is at this place a large specimen, the dimensions of which may be of interest to eorae of your readers. The plant is grown in a greenhouse, in a large square tub, and measures 15 feet in height, 9 feet in diameter, and the girth of stem at the base is 16 inches. Doubtless the plant would grow much larger, but it has been cut back several times to keep it within bounds, 1 may say tliat it stands in a rather dark part of the house, and this may be the reason why it dues nut fiorter so freelj as it would do in a lighter position. J. S. Upcx, Milton Park, Peterborough. PINE-APPLES.— The large impoitation of foreign Pine-apples into England during recent years, has caused home culture to be discontinued ; but home- grown fruit is still in sullicient demand to receive the attention of gardeners, and long may it continue so, for a fruit-growing establishment is incom- plete without the Pine, which is one of its chief ornaments. Notwithstanding this, it has been said that Pine-appie culture will soon become a lost art to British horticulture. The successful culture of the Pine depends in a great measure on the kind of struc- ture it is grown in, low hip-roofed Iiouses of moderate dimensions being those most to be preferred. These should have a situation sheltered from the north and past, be well heated, that is, pipes should be in sufH- cient quantity to maintain heat in hard weather with- out making them very hot. The beds in which the plants are plunged should be on a level with the sur- rounding ground. Plants may be kept near the glass m houses of this description and where they enjoy the utmost degree of light, and at the same time are guarded from injurious draughts. The soil which seems to suit the Pine-apple best is a moderately light (ibrousloam, the more fibrous the better, and the best description is that cut from an old pasture, and which has been stacked a sufficiently long time fur the verdure to die. In preparing it for potting it should be torn into moderately rough pieces, freed from much of its fine particles, and mixed with a good sprinkling of soot and crushed bones, if they can be obtained ; and in potting it should, when it is in a tolerably dry state be rammed rather firmly around the roots of the plants, the pots being clean, and well drained. Very large pots are not de- sirable, as fruits of the finest proportions may be produced in 13-inch pots; and when plants are properly attended to in pots of this size they readily fill the soil with roots, and conse<|uently can be freely supplied with manure-water. Perhaps nothing is better as a plunging material than the leaves of Uak and Chestnut; these should be firmly trodden together to the depth of about '2h feet, if hot-water pipes are beneath the bed. A genial moist warmth, invigorating the plants, arises from a bed of this description, and when the plants are properly plunged in them at the time of being placed in their fruiting pots, it is unnecessary to shift them again until the fruit is cut ; but should the material shrink away from the sides of the pots it may again be made firm around them with a short stout stick, and some small quantity of fresh leaves added to the bed. This is of importance, as it is impossible to replunge large plants without doing some injury to them. With regard to watering the plants, the nature of the foliage is enough to inform the gardener that a constantly wet state of the soil would cause ill-health ; at the same time injury is not infrequent by reason of an inadequacy of the supply of water during the BPuson of active growth, and when the pots are well filled with roots. In some instances I have seen the soil so dry at that time as to cause it to leave the side of the pot, and the leaves in consequence had become liuite flexible instead of firm and brittle, as they should be. The exact requirements of the plants can only be ascertained by long expe- rience and observation ; and they should be examined one by one, and not collectively, and when that is done it will be found that very little water is neces- sary for a cont-iderable period of time after rejiotting, or during the period of rest, when a lowtemj'erature is maintained. Pines are not liable to be attacked by insects, and by ordinary care a stock may be kept clean ; but the mealy-bug and white-scale, when suffered to gain a footing, are difiicult to extirpate, unless the stock of afi!ected plants be destroyed ; no pain? should therefore be spared to prevent their introduction to the pinery. Respecting varieties of Pines, the best are Queens, which are generally preferred for use in the summer; while smooth- leaved Cayennes and Charlotte Rothschilds are unsurpassed for the winter supply; but Knville, lilack Jamaica, and Providence, find favour also. In concluding, I would note that the selection of suckers isan important point in I'ine growing, and only those which are sturdy and clear of insects should be chosen. These siiould be placed in pots according to size, the smallest going into GO's, and the largest into 82's, and at the proper time moved into their fruiting puts, as the second shift system is, in my opinion, not only unnecessary, but it actually creates woik. Thoinas Cooiuhcr, Hendre Gardejis. PLANT COLOUIl. We are all a little too apt to look at colour in the abstract, so to say — that is, as confined to the floral leaves; whereas, perhaps, a better way would be to study the whole plant— root, stem, leaves, and all, in reference to this most interesting subject. We are, as gardeners, far too apt to look on flowers and fruit as the siiiuiiiuin honum of plant life, instead of study- ing the plant as a whole. In a great many cases we find all the three primary colours — viz., yellow, red, and blue — present in plants, as in the common Prim- rose (Primula vulgaris), where blue and yellow, mixed together, form the green leaf colouring, the flowers being pale yellow, while the red element is confined to the root-stock and the bases of the petioles or flower-stems. Naturally this local dis- tribution of the primary colours is but rarely dis- turbed, but cultivation and cross-fertilisation in the garden soon transposes more or less of the red colouring into the flowers. Practical gardeners have a sneaking regard for red colouring matter as mixed with the leaf green of the jdants they cultiv.ite ; and this seems founded on a notion that such jdants are hardier or of stronger constitution than those in which red is less evident. For example, the red-stalked Chinese Primrose seedlings are less liable to damp oft' than are the green-stalked varieties, and that the same is true of Celery is a well-known fact. In watching the sale of imported Odontoglossum Alexandra!, Cattleyas, and other Orchids at auctions I have repeatedly noted that the red or bronzy-leaved jjlants always fetched more money than the paler or green-leaved forms. But when this red colouring matter is dfveloped to excess in the leaves, I sliould not like to say that the constitution of the plant is rendered more robust and vigorous, as, for example, in the Purple-leaved Beech or Hazel, or in Dell's Crimson Beet, none of which, so far as I know, is so vigorous in constitution as are their respective green- leaved prototypes. What I particularly wish to ])oint out is the fact that whenever we find red colouring m.itter in the root, stems, or leafage of a plant we may reasonably hope by cross-breeding, or in some cases simply by cultivation and selection from seedlings, to obtain red colouring in the petals, even if it does not become developed there in a state of Natnre. Lindley ( Theory and Practice of Horticulture, p. 110) says :— "That the absence of healthy [leaf-green] colour is sometimes owing to low temperature is certain ; but the cause of the formation of dilTerent colours in dilfen^it plants is too obscure a subject to suit the purpose of this work." Most writers agree in con- sidering plant-colour obscure enough to be over- looked. All the botanical and gardening dictionaries seem to have neglected to allude to it, and even tlif great general encyclopedias are lamentably deficient on the colour of vegetation. Because the subject is obscure, as Lindley puts it, is no excuse, but, indeed, the very reason wliy this subject should be taken up and worked out as well as may be. [See the works of Sorby, Church, and others. Ku.] In Brown's Manual of Bolani/, pp. 589—593, the subject is alluded to, and the results of De Candolle, and Schubler, and Prank are summarised. By the above observers the colours of flowers are divided into two series, as follow* : - Xiinthic series of De raud'dl.' (oxidised serie- of Schiibler and Frank). —K-='d, orange-red, orange, orange-yellow, yellow, yellow-green. Green, colour of leaves. Cyanic series of De Candolle (deoxidised series of Scluibler and Frank).— Blue-green, blue, blue-violet, violet-red, red. When we examine the plant microscopically Tsavs Brown I.e.) we find that in general the colours of the cyanic series are in solution in the juice of the cells, while those producing the xanthic series and the green are in the form of granules, which are only modifications of chlorophyll. Exceptions to this rule, however, exist'-.-iccording to Mohl and George Lawson — in the flowers of Strelitzia llegina; and Salvia splendens, in both of which the colouring matter exists in a granular form. "The diderent shades of the same colour in flowers, are produced by the greater or less number of colourless cells, interspersed through the sub- stance of the coloured ones, and the dilferent colours are often caused by layers of cells with one colour lying above another, with a different colour (e.g,, brown, by red above green ; orange, by yellow above red, &c,)." That white is only a transition from vellow is proved by the number of flowers like Madame des Granges Chrysanthemum, which open yellow and gradually change to white under the influence of heat and light. It is a curious but well-ascertained fact that when white-flowered species are hybridised with those having orange flowers, the result is a piuk or rosy-red hybrid the yellow-colouring of the orange-flowered parents having been driven out, or become absorbed by some other portion of the hybrid product. We have many instances of this effect having taken place, and may cite two or three aa examples : — Begonia weltonieneis X with pink or rosy flowers was raised at Welton Place near Daventry by Col. Trevor Clarke, its parents having been the white B. Dregei, crossed with orange B. cinnabarina. Again, when Mr. George Taylor years ago crossed the white Jasmine-flowered Rhododendron of Malacca with the orange-red R. javanicum, the rosy-flowered variety known as Princess Royal was the result, and also where Mr. Wentworth Buller raised from the same l>irents a very similar hybrid (viJe Jour. Hort. Soc, I'StJG, p. 31) When we remember the vanishing tend- ency of yellow colouring in Chrysanthemums whm removed into greenhouses from tlie open air, as above alluded to, we get a glimpse of why yellow is the first colour to vanish from the orange {fc., red and yellow) celled flowers, under the disturbing influence of hybridism. The red cells remain, and the yellow being absorbed, the colourless or white cells soften the red into a paler-rose-colour. I have given the above arrangement of colours from Brown's il/««»a/, but I still firmly adhere to the idea I expressed at p. 108, viz., that yellow, red, and blue is the order in which colour development or evolution takes place in flowers, and that these three colours are to be met with in many, if not in most plants, is pretty certain. Since I wrote at p. 8G, pointing out that what we are accustomed to call sports ^i.c., changes of form and colour in the same individual plant, as Chrys.an- tliemums, &c.),are simply reversions, I have found owt that De Candolle long ago had pointed out the f^anie view — viz., that all so-called "sports " are in reality " reversions." I think we had better accept this view since it is generally so well borne out by Mr. Davis' list of Chrysanthemum sports as given at p. 42. Mr. Nicholson, in his Dictionary of Gardening^ word " sport," says " a bud variation or seed varia- tion ; " but I think we must make a distinction hrre, since a seed variation may mean possible progres^^ivp improvement {i.e., evolution) ; but a bud-sport is nearly always a step backward, j <; , a reversion wholly or in ])art to some ])reviou3 state of a species, [Xot always surely. Kn.] 1 have said that in considering ccdour a^ developed in ])lants we must not confine our attention to the flowers alone, since there are m.any instances in which, while the flowers are pale greenish-yellow and inconspicuouir, the roots, steniw, or leave* are Febeuart 9, 1883.] THE GAUD ENE US' GHBONIGLE. 183 most brillant. A good many dye-fproilucing plants hare anything but high coloured flowers. Some foliage plants, as Draoxua terminalis, Caladia, &e., have most brilliant leafage, but by no means showy blossoms. The same is true of Atriplex, Coleus, Acalypha, and many other of the so-called " foliage " plants. Here, indeed, we have something approach- ing a rule, viz., that plants having bright coloured foliage, are deficient in flower-colour, while the most brilliant of blossoms are borne by plants having ordinary green leaves. The most brilliant of blood- red Beetroots and Mangel Wurzel, or of Rhubarb, the leaf-stem of which is often bright crimson, have inconspicuous green or whitish flowers. In Euphorbiacea; the true flowers are seldom beautiful, the colour being localised in the leaves or bracts. The same is true of many Aroids ; and in Bro- melias, again, the flowers are often greenish, inclining to blue (a rare combination), while the bracts and even the leaves are often brilliant red or crimson. In two of the above orders we have incomplete or petalless flowers, the essential parts being yellow, as is so often the rule, whereas the red cells are confined to the leaves. In Bromeliacere, although the flowers are complete, still the leaves, as a rule, display the most brilliant colouring during the flowering season. The transient colours of many Bromeliaceous leaves, of the calices of Hellebore, and of some Orchid flowers which revert to green after fertilisation has taken place, furnish us with a curious analogy to the plumage of some birds, which becomes most brilliant for the breeding season only. I am deeply aware how vague and unsatisfactory the above ideas really are, but I am anxious to draw attention to a subject of which but little is as yet really known. Tlie main facts as to vegetable colouring seem indicated when we say that blue and yellow as com- bined in green leaves carry on the real plant-work of the world. Red colouring is the next in abundance in leaves, stems, and roots. Flower colour generally is made up of these three primary colours, generally more or less blended together, and often softened by white or air-cells containing no colouring matter. Seeing that so many plants possess all the three primary colours, it need not surprise us that their shades, hues, and combinations should be so infinite as developed under difi'erent climatic conditions. At any rate, so long as plant-colour remains unex- plainable by any well-defined laws, we may fairly say that the chemistry of vegetation remains unknown. F. W. Bitrhidge. Colonial Notes, NATAL TO THE TRANSVAAL. For a long time I had wished to take a trip to Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal, partly to collect certain rare and fine plants known to exist thereabouts, and also to glance at the late wonderful progress of the Transvaal gold fields. In the middle of September last— early spring, I left Maritzburg by train to join a waggon at Ladysmith, the extreme point of our railway system at present, and about 100 miles from this city. Although the month corresponds with March in Europe, yet, owing to an early season, many plants were in bloom which generally expand six weeks later. Iraantophyllums showed up in moist, bush-shaded nooks, along with the bright blue Thunbergia natalensis and Richardia aithiopica, Cyrtanthus angustifoliis, bright crimson, and the beautiful blue Pentanisia variabilis were seen on dry hillsides. This last is a dwarf perennial herb, with heads of Ixora-like flowers 2—4 inches across. Its roots resemble those of the common Rhubarb, and, treated like a Dahlia, it would per- haps succeed in England. On hillsides (altitude 3500 feet), the little purple Kemesia fcetans is com- mon, and is seen in company with Cineraria cruenta, Gethyllis sp.. Gladiolus longicollis, Tritona natal- ensis, and Gazania serrulata. At Highlands (altitade 6000 feet), and the highest railway station in Natal. I noticed Sparaxis pendula iu three distinct varie- ties, rose, white, and pale yellow, all very graceful. Here, too, grow Anemone Fanninii, Nerine pudico, the large white, Daisy-like flowers of Gerbera Kraussi ; ',Calliop.sis laureola, with its large black disc and white rayed flowers ; also a fine red Satyr- ium,and a yellow Bulbine much like B.asphodeloides. \Vc crossed the river Tugehi, 3400 feet, which was much swollen from the melted snow high up along its sources in the Drakensberg. Hereabouts Buddlea salvffifolia was finely in bloom, a mass of sweet- scented white and yellow corymbs ; it is a very fine flowering shrub. In wet places was a pur])le Crinum, a bushy Lagarosiphon finely in bloom, and an (Knothera new to me. At last Ladysmith was reached— a little town situated in a most desolate tract of country (3500 feefl ; nothing but Acacia horrida with a few Aloes, and Cabbage tree, Cns- sonia sp. I put my things into the waggon, not for- getting a copy of Harvey's Genera and the latest Gaydoicrs Chronicle^ and we started for the Trans- vaal. Nearing the Berg— short for Drakensberg — running water was often crossed, soil and grass improved. A green-tipped form of Cyrtanthus angustifolius was met with, and apretty dwarf yellow- Gladiolus. At the foot of the Berg— 4000 feet— Greyia Sutherlandi was really goi-goous in crimson bloom, yet I was informed that the snow here had melted but a fortnight back. Here, also, was Dais cotinifolia, Dietes Huttonii, Antholya sp., and a very fine Scilla natalensis, with bulbs as large as a football. Slowly advancing, the famous Berg stood up before us, the backbone of South Africa — a seemingly perpendicular mass of sand- stone, furrowed with mountain streams, and thinly sprinkled with bush. Drawing nearer, a road is seen winding corkscrew-like up the mountain- side, and this we followed, ascending 1500 feet in rather less than five miles. Near the top, which I found by aneroid measurement to be 5.500 feet, a little bush was met with, consisting of Pro- tea grandiflora. Clematis sp., Podocarpus sp.. Ochua sp., &c. Many herbs and bulbs grow on these high grassy slopes. Galtonia candicans was common, and in some places the ground was literally purple with a lovely little Drimia. Not uncommon here was a dwarf Barleria, with sky-blue flowers ; also a Thunbergia, 2 feet high, with salver-shaped primrose flowers, the throat a deep yellow. Arriving at the Berg top we turn round and survey the Garden Colony of Natal lying sunk far beneath us— a dim blue chaos of mountain, plain, valley, forest and river. In front the boundless, undulating, grassy plains of the Orange Free State spread out before us, like a much magnified Salis- bury Plain, but here the underlying i-ock is sand- stone. Scattered about over these plains are vast isolated mountains, often 1000 feet high, composed of horizontal sandstone, with generally a capping of vertical blue granite. The Berg is the true water- shed of the country. In Natal all rivers flow east to the Indian Ocean ; in Free State all flow west to the Atlantic. The scarcity of trees of any kind in the Free State is remarkable ; we used cow-dung for fuel the whole way except in wet weather when wood was burnt, which had been dragged up from Natal. Rivers are rather scarce, but large rain pools are common enough, and nearly all over the country water can be found by sinking sh.allow wells. On the border (altitude 5500 feet) where the flora of Natal and the Free State merge into each other, I found many interesting plants. In swamps was the lovely Cyrtanthus breviflorus and a dwarf Tritoma, with the habit of T. Macowani, but the lower florets were yellow, the upper dull red. In low-lying places was Gladiolus papilio {Bot. Mag., t. 5565), a variety of Dietes Huttoni, with flowers half as large again as the Natal form and a tuberous-rooted Pelargonium 3 feet high, with maroon and yellow flowers a quarter of an inch across in tier above tier like Primula japonica. I must mention Gladiolus tristis {Bot. Mar/., t. 272), and the white Ixiaradiata, figured in SoiS.il/ay., t. 573, both very fragrant; and a fine large Ranunculus with marbled Cvclamen-like leaves and a robust stem, o feet high bearing many golden flowers the size of a shilling. Hereabouts we see the last of three Natal plants so common before — they are Watsonia densiflora and Ileliclirysum fa:lidum and H. um- braculigerum. Slowly we moved on over some 100 miles of this very elevated grassy plain, passing the huge moun- tains, to each of which the Dutch have given a characteristic name. Asvogel Koj), tlie Vulture's Hill ; Praem Kop, Pointed Hill, Leo Kop, Lion's Hill; and Tafel Kop, Table Hill — all grass covered and quite destitute of bush. Ericas, Ferns, and succulent-leaved plants are very rare here, though I met with one Jlesenibryauthemum. Hypoxia elata is spread everywhere, and so is Monica poly- antlios, I believe, an Irid with yellow and brown potted flowers not unworthy cultivation. The young leaves are a strong ]ioi8on to oxen, causing com- plete p.aralysis and quick death unless remedies are promptly given. I saw not one terrestrial Orchid — perhaps it was too early in the season. A very pretty blue-flowered herb— Cyclonema hirsutum, one of the Verbeuaceie. A few desolate looking Dutch farm houses are scattered about over this tract of country, each marked by weeping Willows, PopuUis alba, and Peach, Apricot, and Fig trees. TheColonial Dutch have lost the love of floriculture and cleanli- ness of bouse and farm, which their forefathers at home have always been noted for. Tiie Dutch "farming" with apologies for the word, is the most primitive imaginable. Sheep, horses, cattle, and goats all do well, for the climate is a good one, and summer rains rarely fail over the Free State. Crops there are none, save a little Wheat and Oats, but I believe that, given shelter, varied crops could be grown — it is not a very cold climate, else why should a perennial Acalypha be seen growing wild every- where ? Nearing the Vaal River, by rain pools, some flne Crinums were noticed, varying in colour from pure white to deep rose. No wonder botanists have found there other genera of the same order and many of our IrideiE very difficult to discriminate. In wet places near these Crinums was a very distinct Tritoma, with spikes of fine rich yellov/ flowers. At last we crossed the \'aal, 4700 feet, and found ourselves in the Transvaal. One plant which had been seen along the road from Natal now ceased — Gazania serrulata. A new form of Vieusseuxia fugax drew attention, also a pretty dwarf blue- flowered Scrophulariad, Aptosimum depressum, I be- lieve. Two plants which I must mention as our con- stant companions from JIaritzburg to Pretoria were the white-flowered Scabious, Scabiosa columbaria, and a pale blue " Bugle," Ajuga ophrydis. By such very slender ties are the British and Kalahari floras united. By degrees the rolling grassy plateau was exchanged for long low ranges of very stony hills, composed of a quartz and ironstone conglomerate. A change was visible in the flora directly. Patches of a Lobelia made blue spots on the hillsides; amongst rocks grew a dwarf rosy Helichrysum, and by the roadside a perfectly stemless white-flowered Composite grew in such quantities as resembled a fall of snow. Here I lighted on a Brunsvigia new to me, with large rosy sweet-scented flowers. We came to the village of Heidelberg (5000 feet), in which Pinus insignis and Pinaster, Eucalyptus globu- lus. Acacia dealb.ata, Casuarina tenuissima, and Cu- pressus of dift'erent sorts were all thriving well. In one garden was a shrub I had not seen for fourteen years- an English Laburnum in bloom. Moving onward, we passed a lovely pale purple Calliopsis, and a good yellow Eulophia, spice-scented, quite new to me. We now entered Johannisberg (5500 feet), the mining centre of the Transvaal, Two years ago gold had just been discovered in this part of South Africa, and now the monthly out])ut of retorted gold is 1 ton. A ton of gold, I may remark, is worth nearly £90,000 sterling. A town with a population of about 10,000 has sprung up, and a produce market forced into existence. Potatos fetch about £20 per ton : Oat-hay, £8 per ton. All 184 tSe gabden^bs' chronicle. tpEURCAIlY 9, 1$S'J. vegetables very dear, fruit and flowers haidl}' pro- curable. Grafted fruit trees are unknown in the Transvaal, hence the fruit is, generally speaking, very inferior. It is needless to say that these gold fields are fast lifting the country out of the depression it lias so long laboured under. Leaving this astonishing town, of which every fragment, except the brick and stone walls, has been conveyed hither at huge cost from a distance of some 8000 miles, I made for Pre- toria, 30 miles distant. This town, situated 4300 feet above the'sea.is much warmer and more sheltered than Johannisberg. On the outskirts is a tract covered with large Acacia horrida, and here I found a plant which, thanks to an exact description which appeared in this paper some years ago, I recognised at once. Trichodesma physaloides a compact-grow- ing herb, with large Khubarb-llke roots, which send up annually a mass of stems '2—'lh feet high, well furnished with glaucous oblong, opposite leaves, each stem bearing a good-sized panicle of pure white flowers about an inch across, with brownish-purple sejials. If introduced and treated like a Dahlia it should do as a summer bedding plant. It belongs to the Borage order, and I was able to secure a few good roots, which I trust ^^ill survive the very rough journey down country. Near the last plant, and growing only in crevices of quart/, rock, was a rare and tine plant, which also deserves more than ]'assing notice. It is an AmarylUd, and its name, Mr. Bolus informs me, is probably Vellozia equi- setoides. In habit it is very distinct from most plants of the order. Imagine a tough fibrous stem 3—4 feet high, as thick as one's wrist, with a fibrous root bearing near the top a drooping tuft of long, narrow grass-like leaves, intermixed with many long- stalked, drooping, solitary, bell-shaped, light purple flowers. I have often brought down stems of this remarkable plant, only to find them dead when un- ]iacked, but two years ago good seed was sent to Kew, so young plants may now exist there. Near Pretoria, in a moist, shady place, was a scarlet ILemanthus. tlie first one seen since leaving Natal ; also a large-leaved Plantago, and an Asparagus 8 feet high. Just outside the town was a fine Gonipho- carpus, with large white flowers, and a black spot on base of corona ; also Cyauotis nodiflora, and C. elephantorhiza Burchelli, a leguminous herb, with very large roots, which furnish excellent tanning material. Pretoria itself does not present anything beyond other South African towns. Vegetation consists of Eucalypti, Acacias, Casuarinas, and hedges of monthly Hoses, Pomegranates, and Quinces. I have now given a rough account of such plants as I saw in a 300 mile waggon journey from Natal to Transvaal, and which took me a month to accom- plish. U. W. Adlam,MarUzhic/y, Natal, South Africa. Societies. NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM. The annual meeting of the members of this Society took place at Anderton's Hotel, on the 31st uU, >Ii\ li. Ballantine, Vice-President, in the chair, t'lere being a very large attendance of members and delegates from atfiliated societies. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, the Hon. -Secre- tary submitted the annual i-eport of the committee, which referred to the highly successful exhibitions which had been held during the year, and especially to that which took place at the Koyal Aquarium in November, when the National Trophy oflered for competition by afliliated societies was won by the Weald of Kent. The new issue of the catalogue had been largely applied for, applications coming from France, Germany, Belgium, Turkey, America, and Australia. The provincial show at Shetfield brought together the largest assemblage of growers of the Chrysanthemum ever seen in the country, and the Conference held in connection with it was in every respect a success, and highly encouraging. The Conference held at the Royal Aquarium was equally a marked success, and the committee see the necessity for both maintaining and extending this phase of the ^^ociety's work. Although the expenses of the Society have largely increased, the income hns proved adequate to its requirements, and the accounts for the past year show a balance in hand. The report regretted the resignation of the President, jMr. E. Sanderson, and bore testimony to the zealous and unwearying services he had rendered to the Society. The general an-angements for 1880 are not quite completed, but several schemes for bringing the Society even more prominently before the public are under consideration. The principal items of income in the balance-sheet consisted of: — Annual subscriptions, £201 6-s. ; donations and special prizes, £110 Ss.Qcl.; from Koyal Aquarium, £21.'^ Is. ; from the Sheffield jirovincial show, £102 9.^. ; and other items brought the total income up to £8.^1 15s. llf/. Of this sum jtrizes had been paid to the value of £431 13s G(/. ; and the balance in the hands of the Treasurer is £33 IT^s. '2d., out of which tlie sum of £16 has to be deducted for the Challenge trophy. There were recoverable arrears of subscription, Sec, of about £2.3. The Hon. Secretary stated that the accounts of the provincial show at Sheffield had closed in the most satisfactory manner ; and that a sum of £54 10s. had already been promised as special prizes. The report was duly received and adopted, a reso- lution expressive of tlie regret with which the Society had heard of the intention of the President, Mr. E. Sanderson, not to offer himself for re-election ; their appreciation of his past work, and the assurance that their hearty good wishes would follow him into his retirement, was heartily carried; and a copy of the resolution was ordered to be sent to him. The sub- committee appointed to make arrangements for fill- ing the Presidential chair, and also for revising the rules, then made a report — the principal alteration being that henceforth the officers of the Society shall consist of a President, Vice-Presidents, Treasurer, Chairman of Committees, Vice-Chairman of do., and two Secretaries. The sub-committee had en- deavoured to secure the services of a gentleman of position to fill the office of President, but at present the matter had to stand over until a future report could be made. The rules as amended were agreed to with a few verbal alterations. The Hon. Secretary reported that the sub-committee appointed to arrange for a provincial show in the present year had concluded a very satisfactory arrangement with the Hull Society, and it would take place on November 21 and 22 next. The election of a President and Vice-l^resident was deferred until an adjourned meeting that day four weeks. Mr. R. Ballantine was elected Chair- man, and Mr, E. C. Jukes, Vice-chairman, of Committees ; Mr. W. Holmes re-elected Hon. Secretary by acclamation ; and Mr. C. Harnian Payne, Foreign Corresponding Hon. Secretary. Mr. Holmes stated that, during the past year he had received 30;_i7 letters in connection with the Society, The following twelve persons were elected upon the committee for the ensuing three years: — Messrs. Addison, Bevan, Owen, Drain, Swift, Kendall, Prickett, Langdon, Cannell, Taylor, Kemp, and Shoesmith. Five new members were elected, and three societies admitted into affiliation. Special prizes offered at the November show were announced from Messrs. Sutton 8c Sons, and Mr. E. C. Jukes announced his intention of offering a 5-guinea cup for competition at the provincial show with Anemone-flowered Chrysanthemums. The re-elec- tion of the auditors, and a vote of thanks to the C'hairman, brought the proceedings to a close. THE SCOTTISH HOUTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The ordinary monthly meeting of this Associa- tion was held on the 5th inst., at 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr. Malcolm Dunn in the chair. A paper on the Begonia, by Mr. Alex. lluTTON, F.LS,, Dundee, was read. The labours of the late Mr. Richard Pearce in Bolivia were alluded to, not only in connection with the introduction of these and other species of tuberous Begonia, but also in connection with the introduction of l>apa- geria rosea and other valuable ornamental plants, fur which we were indebted to his energy. In aUuding to the hybridising of species, it was stated that only healthy plantsshouldbeoperated on, and that although there had hitherto been littie success in crossing the tuberous with the best forms of the fibroua-rooted species, perseverance in thatdirection was urged with tlie assurance that it would no doubt eventually lead to splendid results. Since 1873 many double flowered varieties had been introduced, at first chiefly from France, and the race had been much improved by such nurserymen as Mr. Laing, of Stansted Park, and others. Of exhibits there were some fine samples of the old red Tomato from Mr. Bell, gardener, Morton Hall, and a magnificent spray of Clematis indivisa, about 30 feet in length, with 1500 blooms open and in bud. In reference to the forthcoming Centenary Chrysanthemum Show to be held in the Waverley Market in November next, under the auspices of the Association, it was announced by Mr. McKknzie Treasurer, that guarantees to the amount of £150 had been already received from members of the Associa- tion, who were the only persons who had as yet been directly appealed to. Law Notes. A SEED DISPUTE. At the Westminster County Court on Friday, the ist inst., an action was brought by Messrs. Carter & Co., seed merchants, of Holborn, E.C., to recover £28 6s. 5d., for seeds supplied to Major Bclton. The plaintiff's manager was called, and said that in May, 1887, he went to the island of Madeira, where Major Bolton was then residing, and he then suggested to the JIajor that the account for seeds which they had supplied should be settled. A complaint was made about a quantity of Potato seed which had been sent out, but which had not proved to be a success. He then agreed to make a reduction of £13 2s. Gr/. on the account upon receiving a promise from Major Bolton that the balance should be at once paid up, but all efforts to obtain the money up to the present time had proved futile. Evidence was called to prove the packing and shipment of the seeds, after hearing which his Honour found for the plaintiff, with costs. lARKETS. COVENT GARDEN, Fchncart/ 7. Market dull, with supplies more than equal to the demand. Jauies Webber, Wholesale Apple Markets Plaxts is Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. iloz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...2\ Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cyperu3, per dozen . 4 DracEBoa tenninalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica hypmalis, doz. 9 — caffra, dozen ... 6 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphylluma, doz. ..,18 FernB, in var., doz. 4 Cut Flowers.— s. Abutillona, 12bun.... 3 Anemune,l'r..l2l'un. 2 Ari!mLilies,12bloonis 3 Aziileas. 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias. per bun. 0 Camellias, Vi blni'^. 1' Carnations. 12 blma. 2 Cliristmus llo^es, li blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms U — dozen buiichei*... 2 Daffodil8,dbl.l2buii Jt — single, 12 bun. ...12 Eucharia, per dozen 'A Gardenias. 12 blooms \n Heliotropta, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Rom;iii, 12 aprnys 1 Lnp:igeria. 12 blooms I Lilac, while Fr., bun. ■! Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 MargueriteH, 13 bun. 3 d. s.d. 0-19 0 0-1.5 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 0-12 0 0-24 0 0-.30 0 0-18 0 -AVERAQ d. s. d. 0-6 0 H- 6 0 0-6 0 Vt. 1 0 !t 1 6 0-4 0 0- A 0 6- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-4 0 0-1 i II 0-1 f< 0 0-6 0 0-30 0 6- 1 0 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 3 Ficus elaatica. each . 1 Genista, dozen ... 9 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 — Rom., doz. pots 9 Lily-of-Val. , doz. pts.18 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 Palms in var., each 2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 I'oinsetlias, do/eu ... S I'rimula-s, per dozeu 4 Solanums, dozen ... 6 Tulij,s, dozen pots ... 6 O-IO 0 6-7 0 0-18 0 0-9 0 0-10 0 0-30 0 0-12 0 6-21 0 0-9 0 0 12 0 0-6 0 0-12 0 0-9 0 U- I 6 Ij- 3 0 0-6 0 6- 1 0 0-6 0 1-: Wholesalk Pricks. s. Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 Narcis., paper-white, (French). 12 bun... 2 — double. 12 bun... 1 Pelargoniums, 12 (tpr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Poinsettifl'*, do/.. ... 3 Prinl^o^t■s, 12 bun,,,. 1 Primulas, dbl.. 12 sp. 1 Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red,perdo/en ... fl — Safrano, dozen... 2 Snowdi'op^, 12 bun... 1 Sofrano (Fr.). doz 1 Stephanotis, ]2 spr. 12 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 2 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 Violets, 12 bunches... 1 — dark. Fr., bunch 1 — Parme, Fr.. bun. 4 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 — French, 12 bun. 1 d. s. d. 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-3 0 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-6 0 0- 1 6 0- 1 6 0- 6 0 0-4 0 0-9 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 0- 3 0 O-lo 0 0 4 0 8- 1 0 0- 1 6 6 2 6 0- ft 0 0-6 0 6-2 0 Fkuit.— Average Wholesale Prices. . rf. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nora Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 16 0 Cobs. 1001b. ...100 0-110 0 s. d. s. d, Qrapes, per lb. ... 10-36 Lemons, per rase ...12 0-31 0 Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 3 0-80 Febrdart n, 18S9.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 185 Vegetables.— AvERAQK Retail Prices. s. d, 5. d. Asparagus, English, per 100 .S 0- ... — French. buodlelS 0- ... Beans, Jersey and French, per' lb. ... 1 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 1 i>- a 0 Carrots, per buncii... 0 6- ... ~ '■' -.0 3-... . 1 fr- 3 0 ,10-... .30-... . 1 0- ... . 0 6- ... , 0 4- ... 1 6- ... Cauliflowers, each .. Celery, per bundle .. Cucumbers, each .. Endive, per dozen .. QreenMint. bunch.. Herbs, per bunch .. Leeks, per bunch .. Lettuce, per dozen .. s. d. s. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ,.. Ouiona, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 S- ... Peas, French, per lb, 1 0- ... PotatOa, per cwt. ... 4 0-50 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 — new French, lb. 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle ... U 6- ... Seakale, puuuet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... '2 0- ... Turnipa, per bunch, new 0 5- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 6 POTATOS.— Beauty of Hebron, 805. to 1005. ; Imperators, 70s. to 90s. ; Dunbar Regents, UOs. ; do. Magnums, 120s. ; and York Magnums, 100s. per ton. SEEDS. London : Ftb. i^. — Messrs. John Shaw & Seas, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., write that to-day's market presented no special feature either of interest or importance. Larj^e bulks of seed have tliis week changed hands amongst wholesale London houses. Meantime the general body of country lniyers refuse as yet to operate. Quotations all round show no material alteration, whilst offerings both from America and the Continent do not press. For tine Trefoil more money is asked. Grasses are neglected. For bird seeds the sale is slow. Rape seed still tends npwards. Winter Tares are dearer. I'eas and Haricots unaltered. CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending February 2 : — Wheat, 29s. 9d. ; Barley, ilGs. 7d. ; Oats, 16s. 2d. For the corresponding week ill 1888: — Wheat, 305. 8rf. ; Barley, 30s. 6d. ; Oats, 16s. FRXTIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: Fib. 6. — Very good supplies of all kinds, with a slightly improved demand, at prices as follows: — Savoys, 2s, to 3s. 6(1. per tally ; Cabbages, 2s. to 2s. 6d. do. ; Greens, 2s. 6d. to 4s. do,; Turnip- tops, Is. 6d. to 25. Gd. per sack ; Cauliflowers, Is. per doien; Broccoli, Sd. to lOd. do.; Brussels Sprouts, Gi. tols. per half-sieve; Spinach, Is. .to Is. tW. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. 3d. to Is. Gd, per punnet ; lleetroots, 6f/. to 9d. per dozen; Parsnips, 7d. to '.U. per score of 22 ; Turnips, Is. dd. io 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; I'arsley 2s. to os. do. ; forced Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Horseradish, lOi^. to Is. 2*/. per bundle ; Celery, 6s. to lis. per dozen bundles ; English (Jnions, 5s. to 6s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 7s. Gd. to 9s. Gd. per case ; Dutch do., 3s. dd. to 4s. 9d. per bag; Belgian do., 3s. Gd. to 5s. do. ; pickling do., 55. to 6s. Gd. do. ; Endive, 2s. per dozen ; English Apples, 3s. to 5s. Gd. per bushel; do., Is. Gd. to 3s. Oi. per, half-bushel ; American do., Gs. Gd. to 12s. 6*^. per barrel ; Mangels, 16s. to 18s. per ton ; Carrots, 20s. to 32s. do. Stratford : Feb. 5. — The above market has been well supplied with all kinds of produce during the past week, and with a good attendance of buyers a brisk trade at the undermentioned prices : — Cabbages, 2s. Gd. to Ss. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Cauli- flowers, Is. to 25. per dozen ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. jier dozen bunches ; do., 25s. to 35s. per ton ; Carrots, household, 25s. to 30s. do. ; do , cattle feeding, 25s. to 30s. do. ; Parsnips, 9f/. to Is. per score ; Onions, English, llOs. to 150s. per ton; do. German, 4s. to ■Is. Gd. per bag ; Apples, English, 2s. Gd. to 4s. per bushel; do., American, lis. to 16s. per barrel; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Brussels Sprouts, 9c?. to Is. 3d. per half sieve ; Celery, dd. to Is. per roll ; Beetroot, 9d. per dozen ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : Feb. 5. — Supplies have come forward rather less freely, and the market is steadv with a quiet demand : — Regents, Scotch, V>Os. to i20s. ; English, 65s. to 100s. ; Hebrons, 905. to 100s.; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to lOOs. ; Scotch do., 90s. to 1205. ; other varieties, 605. to 905, per ton. Spitalfields: Feh.G. — Quotations : — Magnum8,65s. to 905. ; Champions, 60s. to 65s. ; Regents, 75s. to 110s.; Imperators, 75s. to 90s.; Hebrons, 605. to 70s. per ton. Stratford : Feb. 5. — Quotations : — Scotch Mag- nums, 90s. to UOs.; do.. Regents, 855. to 105s,; English Magnums, 60s. to Sbs. ; foreign Regents, 70s. to 85s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week consisted of 1 bag from Rotterdam, KX) bags from Stettin, 13 cases from Malta, 57 cases from Cadiz. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week :— Clover, old, prime, 120s. to 144s.; do., good second, 60s. to UOs. ; do., inferior, 36s. to 70s.; do., new, 85s. to 110s.; inferior, do., 605. to 80s. ; Hay, prime meadow, 120s. to 126s. ; old, 110s. to 126s. ; new, do., SOs. to 100s. ; inferior, 50s. to 75s. ; straw, old, 42s. to 48s. ; do., new, 28s. to 445 per load. The Weather. [Accumulated temperature indicates the combined amount and duration of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 32° F. for the period named, and is expressed in Day- degree — a "Day-degree" eignifyiag 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Above or below the Mean for the week ending Feb. 4. Accumulated. Districts. 5 . 1^ o . a d ill > a Hi Principal Wheat pro- ducing Districts. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. 0. Scotland, N. ... 2 above 8 28 + 15 — 40 1. Scotland, E. ... 4 above 14 29 + 17 — 49 2. England, N.E. .., 3 above U 24 + 3 — 41 3. England, E. ... 2 above 15 29 — 12 + 10 4. Midland Cos. ... 3 above 15 26 — 14 — 4 5. England, S. 2 above 21 13 — 12 — 13 Principal Grazing, &c., Districta. 6. SOOTLAKD, W. ... 3 above 20 13 + 28 - 73 7. England, N.W.... 2 above 19 12 — 1 - 58 8. England, S.W.... 1 above 21 9 — 16 - 13 9. Ireland, N. 2 above 21 11 +- 16 — 47 10. Ireland, S. 3 above 27 6 + 9 - 36 — CHAifflEL Islands 2 above 25 0 + 18 — 41 KHINrAIL. Bright Sunshine. DlSTBlOTB. 1" L Mi °l 6 S .a a-: — d ill ft- -s Principal Wheat-pro- ducing Districts. Tenths of Inch. Ins. 0. SCOTIAND, N. ... 5 more 26 6.3 8 10 1. SOOTIAND, E. ... 0 (aver). 18 1.7 24 22 2. Enolakd. N.E. ... 1 less 17 1.3 22 18 3. Enoland. E. ... 1 less 16 l.I 22 17 4. MiblakdCos. ... 0 (aver.) 16 1.4 19 16 5 England, S. 1 less 16 1.2 16 16 Principal (Grazing, ftc. , Districts. 8. Scotland, W. ... 2 less 21 4.6 30 16 7. Enolabd.N.W.,.. 3 more 17 1.9 18 " 8. England, S.W.... 1 more 16 2.7 21 21 9. IBELAND, N. 4 more 25 4.0 23 13 10. IBELAKD, S. 0 (aver.) 21 4.5 26 19 — Ohahkel Islands 4 more 19 2.5 15 27 THE PAST WEEK. The following eummary record of the weather for the week ending Feb. 4, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The H'mMcr has been changeable and unsettled in all parts of the kingdom. During the earlier part of the period it was very mild, with occasional falls of rain, but towards its close the conditions became cold, rough, and squally, with sleet or snow in most places, and a good deal of thunder and lightning. " The temperature has been (as a whole) above the mean, but during the latter part of the week it was rather below. In most districts the excess ranged from 12° to 3°, but in ' Soothuul, E.,' it was 4°. The highest of the maxima were registered either on January 31 or February 1, when the ther- mometer rose to between /i4° and 58"^ in England and Ireland, and 53° and 58° in Scotland. In the ' Channel Islands ' the highest reading was only 52°. The lowest of the minima, which was n^crded either on February 3 or 4. varied from 20° in ' Scotland, E.' (at Braemar) to 32"^ in ' Ireland, S.,' and 37° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been more than the mean in most of the ' grazing districts,' as well as in ' Scot- land, N.,' but a little less in the eastern and southern parts of the kingdom. " Bright smishinc shows an increase in the west and south-west, but a decrease elsewhere. The per- centage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 8 in ' Scotland, N.,' to 2G in ' Ireland, S.,' and to 30 in ' Scotland, W.' " Notices to Correspondents. Abaucaria excessa ; L. D. This is a native o Norfolk Island. Black Fly on Tdlips : C. 'i. Sponge the leaves with weak tobacco-water; it is better than fumi- gation with tobacco, which must be applied in dangerous strength to kill this species of aphis. DENDKOninMs ; H.A. W. The D. Wardianum is merely an ordinary form, evidently taken from a well grown plant or from a newly imported piece. The other (D. devonianum) is not of any si)ecial value. Doudle-spathed Arum : B, Not an uncommon occurrence, but we do not think any one has yet tried to fix the variety, though it would be very desirable to do so if possible. FoBEsTEY, J. T. Arboriculture, by J. Grigor (Edin- burgh : Edmonston & Douglas) ; Manual of Coni- fers (J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea) ; Pracfice of Forestry, by C. Y. Michie (Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London) ; The Forester, by J. Brown (IJlackwood & Sons). Freesias : H. M. The nomenclature adopted by Mr. Baker is as follows : — Freesia Leichtlinii, Klatt, in Garte.iijlora, 1874, t. 808 ; Gard. Chron., May 8, 1875, c. ic. ; Baker, in Journ. Linn. Sac. Lond., xvi., 164. Freesia refracta, Klatt, in Limi(sa, xxxiv., 673 ; Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. Lo7id., vol. xvi., p. 164. Grasses for a Lawn : A. M. Lolium perenne, 20 lb. ; Cynosurus cristatus, 5 lb. ; Festuca duri- uscula, 3 lb. ; F. ovina tenuifolia, 2 lb.; Poa ne- moralis, 2 1b.; P. n. sempervirens, 2 1b.; P. tri- vialis, 2 lb. ; Trifolium repens, 6 lb. ; T. minus, 2 lb. Those who do not like Clovers in the lawn, notwithstanding their usefulness in covering the soil, and thereby protecting the gra.sses from the effects of drought during the two or three years of their duration, may use a little more Rye-grass (Lolium perenne) and Cynosurus cristatus. Names of Fruit: Miss Laura Dai/. 1, Winter Haw- thornden ; 2. Blenheim Orange. — T. B. Pears: 1, Carter's Beurre; 2, Beurre Ranee. Apples so much bruised that they cannot be recognised. — Tewhesbury. 1, rotten ; 2, Norfolk Beefing. — J. H. J. 24, Dumelow's Seedling ; 43, Alfriston ; 59, Shepherd's Newington ; others unknown. Names of Plants : G. Mantin. 1, Oncidium pachy- phyllum (Bot. Mag.. 67, t. 3807) ; 2, O. Caven- dishianum (Bateman, Orchids of Mexico and Guate- mala) ; 3, not sufficient ; 4, Bifrenaria racemosa (Maxiilaria, Bot. Mag.) ; 5, no specimen ; 6, On- cidium volvox ; 7, 0. uscendens ; 8, not sufficient ; 9, Epidendrum oncidioides. — W. M. The plant, a drawing of which was sent, is Schinus moUe. It is commonly planted in the Riviera. Pepper-tree is the 186 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fbbeuabt 9, 1889. popular name. — E. W. G. (no numbers). The speci- men without cones is Libocedrus decurrens ; the one with the rounded cone is Thuia borealis, alias Thuiopsis nutkaensis ; the third, with the oblong cones, is Thuia gigantea. All very ornamental in a young state, and destined, in all probability, to form valuable timber trees. — A. B. 1, probably the Deodar ; 2, Pinus excelsa, probably; 3, Ketin- ospora pisifera or Cupressus Lawaoniana, we can- not tell which from the specimen ; 4, Thuia gigantea ; 5, Abies Douglasii ; 6, Thuia (Thui- opsis) borealis ; 7, not recognised ; 8, Thuia orientalis variety.—,^. G. L. H. Phalsenopsis Stuartiana (a poor form). — T. C. Both good forms of Phah-unopsis Stuartiana. — W. M. 1, appears to be Cedar of Lebanon. What is the tree like ? ; 2, Abies Douglasii ; 3, Tsuga cana- densis; 4, Ketinospora pisifera or Cupressus Law- soniana, we cannot tell which from the specimen ; 5, Thuia (Thuiopsis) borealis ; G, not recognised. — Q. E. Acacia dealbata. — G. P. Probably an nncoloured form of Catasetum longifolium. Nakcisshs Going Blind in Pots : C. Z. The cause is not known. It is common to the bulbs, espe- cially the Poeticus section, to go blind when planted. By some the malady is attributed to heat, by others to frost ; and to remaining too long in the same spot without transplantation, which is best done once in three years. Anything likely to induce a weakening of the energies of the plant — such as deep planting in cold soil, shallow planting — too large quantities of manure, always inimical to Narcissi — may cause blindness. Orchids in Stove and Intermediate Houses: J. C. B. So many of the finer species of Orchids will grow in these houses, that a complete list of their names and varieties could not be afforded you in this column. Consult a nurseryman who makes the plants a specialty of his business. We may mention Cattleyas, Brassias, Cymbidiums, many Cypripediums, but not all ; Maxillarias, Miltonias, Oncidiums, the best ; Sophronitis, Tri- chopilia, and Zygopetalum. These will do well in the stove. In the intermediate-house you may have Ada aurantiaca, Anguloas, Cattleya citrina, several Cypripediums, viz., acaule, venustura, insigne, spectabile, Dendrobium Hilli and D. speciosum, Epidendrum vitellinum majus, E. Lindleyanum, Ltelia anceps and its fine varie- ties, L. autumnalis, L. majalis, &c., Masdevallias, many ; Odontoglossum gloriosum, O. grande, O. Halli, O. Insleayi, O. luteo-purpureum, O. Pes- catorei, 0. Phalajnopsis, O. Rossii, &c., many species of Oncidiums, the Stanhopeas, and the . terrestrial Orchids of temperate climes. FzAcii Thbes in Pots : W. N. Having painted your trees with flowers of sulphur, clay, and water in which tobacco-paper was soaked (this contains saltpetre), and Fir-tree oil at the rate of a tea- spoonful to a quart of this mixture, it was not to be wondered at that the trees shed their bloom- buds. The safest thing to use is Gishurst Com- pound— a kind of soap, sold by most nurserymen and florists — of which a winter dressing for fruit trees out-of-doors may be made with warm water, using the soap at the rate of 3 oz. to the gallon of water ; for trees indoors 2 oz. is strong enough ; and for plants with leaves on them h oz. to 1 oz. to the gallon. Syringe off as much as you can the paint still adhering to the trees. Peat Moss Litter: Ecv. C. C, We have no experi- ence of this material, but should suppose that if well saturated with urine, and containing a large amount of droppings from horses, it would give a mild heat not unlike that obtained from stable litter when prepared for Mushroom beds. It would not stand alone as a hotbed, and the bed would require to be made in a shallow pit, dug in the soil, or beboarded round. Portuguese Horticultural Journals : L. D.\ Jornal de Horticultiira Practica, published in Oporto, and 0 FloricuUor referred to last week at p. 145. Communications Received.— H. M., Paria.— W. W.— O. W. D.— W. T. T. D.— W. S.— T. W.— G. N.— Hurst & Son. — R. D. (inquiries are being made). — G. S. — F. S. — tx. Meikle (next geek).— E. M.— J. H.— Mertens & ;Co.— Secre- tary Royal Botanic Seciety, London. — W. B. — P. G.— R. A. R.-ir. M. Ward.— .1. D.— W. N. C— Norman Cookson.— .1. N.— W. H.— W. H. N.— A. S (no answer to .•ttune inquiry in last issue). — B. F. @° Correspondents iendmn plants or fruits to be named, or askmff questions demanding time and research for their solution, mitst nat expect to obtain an anstver to their enquiries in the current week. SHIRLEY POPPY. Per Paoket, Is. Post-free. Buy direct fromlthe Grower, my/Seed]having been selected from finest flowers^only. as grown at my Sbirley^Nursery Price to the Trade on application. THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, George St , CrOydon- Mixrne^ a/r^ S^^ CANNELL'S PRIMULAS, NONE TO APPROACH THEfVI IN THE WORLD. Gardeners' Chronide last week savs:— " Primulas reached tlie highest point of excellence at the last Floral Committee meeting, exhibited by H. Cannell & Sons." ITER MA.TESTY.— Pure white flowers. 2^ inches across. ' PRINCESS 3IARV.— Pink flowers, 2iJ inches, excellent. ECLIPSE.— Excelling unything hitherto seen in crimsons. Gardeners' Magazine says :—*' Looking over the Swanley collections we have the greatest advances. Swanley Blue is a decided advance. Cannell will be the iirst in the race for the Nemophila Blue." PRINCESS MARY.— Marvellous; 2^ inches across; petals folding over each other. SWANLEY GI\NT. crimspn-red, is the best of this class. SWAXLEY PRI.AHILAS are worthy of being placed on the Queen of En.' land's table. Mr. J. DOUGLAS. Barkingside, Iltord. Essex, says:— "I have to thank you for the PrimuLis. They are splendid. Diversity of colour and substance wonderful." The following are the Best Standard Varieties, quite away from the commoii kinds offered : - CANNELLS SWAXLEV BLUE 'l CANNELL'S IMPROVEMENT 2S. 6d. CANNELL'S WHITE PERFECTION CANNELL'S SV\rANLEY WHITE IMPROVED \ per CANNELL'S PRINCESS OF WALES CANNELL'S WHITE PACKET. CANNELL'S aueicul;eflora I Our Begonias are even further ahead of all others. Our Bulbs and Seedlings are now the most unique sight ever seen. The greatest authorities said in July last ;— "I saw Begonias at Swanley. Their beauty well repays a visit ; the shape, colour, and habit are excellent. If anything is wanted where everything is so near perfection, it is a more upright flower-stalk.'wbich a few more seasons will certainly produce." — Somersictshibe Rectok. " At Messrs. Cannell's establishment alone in all England can Begonias be seen grown to perfection. With other collec- tions of these families comparisons arc odious."- F. D. LvoN. THE LADY (white) MAGENTA CRIMSON SCARLET ROSE SINGLES (Seed). PINK ORANGE-SCARLET YELLOW SINGLE MIXED SALMON 3b. per Packet, Half-packets, Is. 6d. DOUBLE BEGONIAS. Colours Mixed, 3a. 6d. and 5s. per Packet. SWANLEY, KENT. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of Uie Nobility. Gentry. and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSEKVATOBIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and OU Mixture, Free to all Stationa Liquid Non-PoiHnnous Painta tor InHide of C^iiservnloriPH. Ao Prices, Pill terns, and Testimonials, Postrfree. S E E D S. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, VEGETABLE FLOWER SEEDS of the liest quality at moderate prices. Free by Rail or Parcel-post. Descriptive Priced LIST on application, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Is superseding the use of other Insecticides. Used by nearly all the Leading Gardeners. 1 Gallon, 9s. ; J Gallon, 6s. ; 1 Quart, 3s. 6R Street. I^ndon. E.C. The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, STOVES, and HEATING APPARATUS. Hendreforgan Anthracite Smokeless Coal. Tne UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited). Bupply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the siza of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fi.'^t) delivered in truckloads to any Railway Station. This coal is absoliftely smokeless, and it requires much lesn attention than any other description of Fuel, burning for 12 hours, at least, without any supervision, and giving frum 5 to 10 degrees more heat than Coke. Quotations can be had on application to the Company's Offices. 23, Lime Street. London, E.C. ATS, NETTING, TIFFANY, RAFFIA, Yellow Fihroud LOAM, Brown Fibrous PEAT, Coarse and Fine SAND. &,i\ Gardeners, &c., will save 2!S ppr rent, by Bending for our LIST (post-free) befuro ordering elsewhere, BRINKWORTH and SONS. Reading. To Nurservmen. Seed Merchants, and Florists, J BLACK BURN and vSUN.S are offering Aroh- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade : also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre. Tobanco Paper, and Shading. Prices free,— 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.C. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS, "FR G DOMO;^ REGISTERED ■ "^ TRADE MAF IPOR PRICE LIST & PARTICULARS ADDRESS- 3 Duke S^ jj London B/^/oge\ HOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hut-water t'it>es, it leet long. 4.'.". yJ.t-auh; 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, St feet long, 4s. tirf. each. Jllustrated revised Price List on application, free. HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork. Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every import-ant estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. %d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 3e, 20, or 10 gallons. Every Cask bears the above Q J\^ JJ T I 0 ±S . Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMI TH Brierley Ironworks. Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.O. ; 47, Dawson Street. Dublin. ^%IBftT*ENT *> PRt5#A GAT OR Made in suptrinriMrtln-nwure. 14 in. long, 6 J in, deep.and6in. wide. In^iile, L' ; uiclir, from th-* top. is a perfonited movable false bottom, uiiun \%hiih the soil for cutl ing*^ or needs i-* placed, the lower half Wuv^ hU.-d with wat.T. v liich is repU-nished when required thrunt:h the funnel, It fits evenly on 4-inch hot^ water pi pe^, and will be found a simple aud effectual means of utilising them for propagating purpo'-es. With the false bottom removed it forma an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each ; glass shade for top, \s. ^d. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. ftnrHPti Pntfl I "'""" ^^^ uns»rp!w«.d by any in the Triide. uaraen rois. | -pj^^.^ ,^^^ ^^^n burnt. ))orou-i. and of a splen- difi culiiiir and liJipi-. Samples ivirriiige frt-c Orrliid Pottery of«'v.^ry.lesrriptiuii. S,-nd forPrife List.— THOS. PABCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S.B BOULTON&PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 75. MELON & CTJCUMBEB FRAMES A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the mo3t durable red deal, nnd are the best to be had. The Frames are of 1 J inch boards. 24 inches hi{;h at back, and 13 inches high in front. bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft •i „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ i „ „ 16 „ br 6 „ .5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ Cash Prices. Carriage am Packing FREE. £2 3 4 5 6 8 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 0 0 CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin. Cork, Londonderry, Glasgow, and Edin- burgh, or stations c(|uivalent, CATALOGUES POST-FKEE. CHEAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw special atlenliou to their Cucumber Frames, of which R they always have a largo stock, ready glazed and painted They are made of the best materials, and can be put together aud taken apart in a few minutes by any one, England. ^ Prices delivered free to any station 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft, 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft, 6-light frame, 24 ft. b"y 6 ft. Carriage 1 - and ( ,3 Packing ,- Cases FREE ;is S 10 Lfiiger .tijcs fii pro^'ortiomtte prices. R. HALLIDAY &, CO., Hothouse Builders aud Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skklton. Seedsman, &e., 2, Holloway Road. N. Greatly Reduced in Price. SILVESTER'S PATENT TRENTHAM BOILER Is tlie BEST. CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOMICAL BOILER EXTANT for all heating purposes, and is only supplied by the PATENTEE. All other kinds of BOILERS. PIPES. VALVES. HEATING and VENTILATING APPA- RATUS manufactured by F, SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. Full Particulars on application. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8b. 6d. per 100 feet l.S oi. 12a. per 100 feet 31 or.. 12X10. 18X13. 18x14, 24X14. 14X12. 20X13. 18x16. 24X16, 16x12. 16X14. 20x16, 24x18, &0. Puity, 6s. 6rf. percwt.; White Lead, genuine, 21.^.; Our Speciality. 17.s.ti(/. piTc«'t. ; I'liint-sgrounil in Oil. Stone Ochre 20.^.; Oxford Ochre, 24.s. ; (ireen, IGs. ; Black, 165. per cwt, ; Varuiwh. from .">'.. tid. ii.r gal.— Full Prire I.iat on appli<-M- tion (<. THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 96, BishopsRHte Street Within, London, K,C. Febkuakv 9, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE. 189 THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS straining Bolt and Holdfast.-No. 635. As iil.]-tnUc4 ul.ive. prui' 33. iUni 43. V" Au/nn. Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Termiual Holdfasts.— No. 2 2i 3 3t inches. 3d., 4d., 6d.. 7d. per Aor. No. 632a. :^2B. J a 4 < .^ ^ a o 7 8 33. 9 10 11 12 13 6d. 14 Best Galvanised Wire. 1'3, 1/6. 19 per 100 y.-irds. Illustrated CAlALOGi'i.' on aiiptmitmn. J. J. THOMAS &. CO. 87, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.G. Garden Nettings. Hothouse Shadings, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SH.IDINGS, TIFFANY. RIOBY. WAINWKIGHT ASD CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works. Manchester. COTTIIN WOOL and WADDINIi tor Florists. TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, V^d. per yanl ; lUs. per 100 yards ; I'o yards, '2 yards wide, post- free, 4';. ; 4 yard^ wide, Zd. per yard, 20^. per lUO. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh, 1 vard wide. 2d. ; 2 vards wide. ;W.; 4 yard-* wide. tirf. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 5-1 iiicln'S wide, l;t meshes to square inch, 7(/. per vard (besst arttile to protect fruit trees. &c.). PILCHARD NETTINU, VI yards wide, ^inch mesh, 9rf. per varii.— W. OULLINuFORD, 127. Fii-ld Road. Forest Gate. London. E. SANKEY'ri "MARKET POT," or LONG T»»MS. the hest " Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3| in. pot. thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in.. 4 in., 4,i in., and 4 J in,; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to 1 j in. deeper than usual, very strong and much lighter in weit;ht — thevery pot for Market Growers; great economv in room and weight. LargestStock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY axd SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. NORTON^a CAMOMILE PILLS. Are confidently recomniended as a simple but certain remedy fur ■ ^* INDIGESTION ::;« Bee Teatimonial, selected from hundreds: — CROYDON, 18S5. "Having been a sufferer from Indi- gestion for many years, 1 am happy to say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by using Norton's Pills, and confidently recom- mend them to all suffering fro77i the same. " 7. WILKINSON:' For other Testimofiials, see Monthly Magazines. Sold everywhere, price is. i^d., 2s. gd. and ii5. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' 8 GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Demy 8vo. 12s. A MONOGRAPH of the BRITISH UREDINEJE AND USTILAGINE.E. With an account of their Biology, including the methods of observing the Germination of their Spores, and of their Experi- mental culture. By Charles B. Plowkight, F.L.S., M.R.C.S. Illustrated with Woodcuts and S Plates. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ♦ -^— Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line chnrqed as two. Lines . . £0 3 0 | 15 Lines 0 3 6 16 0 4 0 17 0 4 6 18 0 5 0 19 0 5 6 20 0 6 0 21 0 6 6 22 0 7 0 23 0 7 6 24 0 8 0 25 £0 8 6 0 9 0 0 0 6 0 10 0 0 10 6 0 U 0 0 11 6 0 12 0 0 12 6 0 13 0 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL LINE. If set aeros-s two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30j. Page. £8; Halt Page, £4 10s.; Column. £3. Gardeners and otlxera Wanting Situations. 2() words. iui.'luding name and address. Is M., and tJt/. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This aoale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at tlie ordi nary scale. JMPOHTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers arc cautioned against having Letters addresaed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are o/jcned b^ the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and Marriages, bs. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MUST reach t/ie O/Ace bi/ Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. : 3 Monihs, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 17s. ed. for 13 Months; India and China 19s. 6d. Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Olfice, 42, DIILIRY LANE, W.C., to W. RICHARDS. London: KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH and CO. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. "Destined to become the fruit garden of the Universe." — Moruinq Post. •^PHE AUSTRALIAN IRRIGATION X COLONIES, Illustrated ; 3s. 6d.. all Booksellers. CHAFFEV BROS. (Ltd.). 35, Queen Victoria Street, E.C. Pamphlet free. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS AKE BEST KEPEESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARBEN ... 16tli Year.'j THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Yeax. I Ul^ed and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year, f ^^g THE FLORAL CABINET ... ITthYear.J Making the Largest, Befit, Ollest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAUFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Ujiiversal Postal Lrnion. lOs. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JUNES. 4, Sprin;; Gardens, Charing Cross. London, S. W., to whom Orders for .idvertisements and Subscrip- tions may be sent. ASpecimen Copy post-freefor lOd. (stamps). A M. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK begs to x\« intimate that he has a few Vacancies for Young Gentlemen wishing to avail them-elves of his tuition in PRACTICAL and THEOKETICAL HORTICULTURE. BOTANY. BOTANICAL TERMINOLOGY, LANDSCAPE GARDENING, BOOK-KEEPING, and COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE in DUTCH. GERMAN, ENGLISH, and FRENCH. The highest possible references. English and Continental, can be given. — Full particulars a-s to terms. &c., upon application. A. M. C. .lONGKINDT-CONINCK. Koyal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. TO IMPORTERS.— Harwood & Co., Linguists, 67, Barton Arcade, Manchester, Tr-instato French, Spanisli, Portu^^uese, Italian, Dutch, Gorman. Danish, Swfdisli. Niirwi'-rian, Russian, Arabic, Bengali, &c. Prompt attfiition to i'uri'<-nii..iidence forwarded^ VUUNU LADIES who WANT TO BE i INDEPENDENT, and mnketheirown way in the world, should write tor n Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUl'TING ASSOCIATION. L'72. Regent Street, London, W. Situations found for all Pupils at good salaries. ANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Efficient ill all branches ; Vines. &c. About 2 acres.— LARK- BERE. Thornlon Road, Olapham Park (Streatham Hill Station). S.W. 2 to 5 p.m. ANTED, a GARDENER, a married Man, family small. Must have experience in Propagating, Vine Culture, and Glass generally, — Reply by letter, giving full partiLHilara and wages, to H. H., Nnin Vaur, Newport, Mumnuullisliire. \\^'ANTED, an experienced GARDENER, T T who understands Growing Roses under Glass, Forcing, and Hardy Fruita for Market. Must have li rat class testi- ni on i^'djj.— JAMES MORGAN. Seedsman. Paialey. WANTED, SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, no children, to live in Lodge, wife to attend to Gate.— Write to Mra. JOHNSON, West Jiam Hall. Forest Gate, Essex, ANTED, Single Man, as SECOND GARDENER, to do Stove and Greenliou.se. and to Asaint at General Work. Wages, 17^. — Mr. LUCAS, Beenham House, Reading. WANTED, a strong active joung Man, as UNDER GARDENER, age about 22. Wages 185. per week with Furnished Room and Vegetables. — H. WHITE, The Gardens. Villa Nahant Dinard, Ille-et-Vilaiue. France. WANTED, an active young Man, as UNDER GARDENER, not under 2:i ; one accustomed to Out- side and Inside preferred. Must have good reference. Wages £1 pi-r week. — Apply by letter, A. NEWELL, Fairlawu, Wimbledon Common. ANTED, a FOREMAN, used to take charge of men and able to Lay Out Grounds.— Apply, by letter only, Mr. MACLEAN, 17a, St. George's Street, Westminster, S.W. ANTED, a good Man, as FOREMAN, to Grow Cucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes, and Cut Flowers for Market only. Must thoroughly understand his work, and be well recommended ; a married man preferred. State wages required. — E. B., 72, Elatchington Road, Hove. Brighton. ANTED, a thoroughly experienced WORK- ING FOREMAN and GROWER for Market. Mu^t have had good experience in Orchids. — C, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. ANTED, AT ONCE, a WORKING FOREMAN, for Small Nursery. Good Indoor Propa- gator, with a knowledge of Outdoor Stuff. Bouijuetibt pre- ferred.— State experience, with copies of testimonials and wages expected, to MILL and TWEEDIE, Nurserymen, Truro. _____^_^_ __^_^^_^-,^^________ WANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER, a fine opening for a thoroughly good all- rouad hand. Cut Flowers a specialey. Also a young Man quick ac Pottiug and Tying, &c. — Address, with references, age. and wages,— W. TROUGHTON, 4, Church Street, Preston. Propagator in Market Nursery. WANTED, a smart active young MAN as above, with good references. — VV. lOETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney. S.W. ANTED, AT ONCE, an energetic Single MAN, as Grower of Tomatos and Chrysanthemums for Market. Permanent situation to suitable person. — State where last employed, and wages expected, to TURNER BROS., AUerton, Liverpool. ANTED, a young MAN, to Grow Plants for Cut Flower, Furnishing Stuff, and General Col- lection.—State particulars and wages expected to ROBERT GRAHAM, The Newmarket Nursery, Newmarket. WANTED, an experienced and trustworthy MAN, to Superintend Small Quantity of Glass, act as Salesman, Make Wreaths, &c.— State wages, references, &c., to L/VXTON BROTHERS, Nurserymen. Bedford. WANTED, a respectable young MAN, who ha3 a knowledge of plants, to act as ASSISTANT CLERK and SALESMAN. Must be of good address and a good Penman. Wages to commence, 25s. per week, to be increased according to merit.— Apply personally, or by letter, to WILLS andSEGOR. Florists to Her Majesty the Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales), South Kensington. S.W. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced FLORISTS' FURNISHER. State full particulars and wages required. Also a respectable BOY. — LONG AND CO., Florists. &c., 5, Vere Street. W. ANTED, a SALESMAN, to drive Van to Market with Market Garden Produce, Fruit, and Flower, Sec. Young MAN with experience and good manner?, and character. Will also be required to assist in;Gardens, &c., Apply by letter only to JAMES LAKE. Sheriff's Court, Minster, Ramsgate. Seed Trade. WANTED, a young Man, as ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. — Apply, st iting age and experience, to JAMES CUTHBERT, 12, Clayton Square, Liverpool. 190 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. LFebhuaky 9, 1889. QABDENINa APFOINTUENTS. Mr. Feank Lowe, for the past seven years Gardener and Forester, &o., to the Ivight Hon, Yisoount Bangob, has been appointed Gardener to the Marquis of Downshibe, Easthampstead Park, Berks. Mr. Wm. Ceump, late of Sandown House, Esher, has been appointed Head Gardener and Bailiff to E. Waterhouse, Esq., Feldemore, Dorking. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitioia names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to th: writers. NOTICE TO ADV BRTISEHS.—In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this lit all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, a^id fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested luhen liemitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- iisaments which they wish repeated. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — ft is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be /iiled in p-iyablc at Ao. 42, DRURY LANE, to W, RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is knoivn, and it has beeyi made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person i7ito whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B.— The best and safest means of liemitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Scotch Gardeners, Foresters, aud Baili£fs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late firm of Downie & LairdJ, liaa at preseut on his Register several rery superior MEN whom he can recommend with every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par- ticulars given on application. — 114, Princes Street, Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES OAUTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S. High Holborn, W.C. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIK-U AND SUNS can recommend with • every contidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application. — 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. I C H A R D SMITH and (Ta beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Oardeners, seeking situations, and that tbey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &;c. DI C K S 0 N S, Koyal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Postal Address— " DICKSONS, CHESTER." URSERY MANAGER.— Advertiser is open to eugagc as above, in a Large Establishment. Many years' practical experience in all branches. Eight years' testimonial from previoussituation. — JAMES COLE, lOtJ, East- bourne Road, Birkdale, Southport. To Market Gardeners and Others. MANAGER, FOREMAN, GROWER, or SALESMAN.— Age 43, married, no family; twenty year.H Growing Fruits, Plants, Cut Flowers, &c., for Covent Garden. With option of Partnership preferred. Exceptional character.— M., -U, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDEN'EK (Head).— Age 32; would be glad to meet witli Lady or Gentleman requiring good allTOund man as above.— G. C,. 2, Hadlow Place, Anerley Road, Upper Norwood, S.E. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. A. BERcn, Head Gardener to Edgar Hibbert. Esq., Ashby St. Ledger's Lodge, Rugby, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly practical man as above. GARDENER (Head).- Age 31, married; good practical experience in all branches. Highly re- commended. Abstainer.— W. A. HODGE, 15, Lansdowne Terrace, Archway Road, Highgate, N. ARDENER (Head).— Age 28; thirteen years' experience. Three years as Foreman in present situation.— Mr. Smythi;:, The Gardens, Easing Park, Alton, would be pleased to recommend H. Adams as above. GARDENER (Head). —Age .34, married, two children; sixteen years' practical experience. Seven years' good character from present employer.— J. HART- LAND, Canon Frome Gardrns, Lt^dbury. G;iAUDENEU (Head).— Mr. Pembeb, . Q.C., ^ recommends his Second Gardener for n Head Gardener's place. He is thoroughly competent. — Address, in 'first instance, E. BROOKS, Vicar's Hill, Lymington, Hants. ' GARDENER (Head).— Age 35, married, two children ; twenty years' experience. Five years Gar- denL'r to J. Richardson, Esq., Barn Hill, Stamford. Well known to R. Gilbert, Burghley, where he lived two years. — G. TAYLOR, Gibson's Cottage, Stamford. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34, one child; understands Forcing Vines, Peaches, Melons, Straw- berries, &.C., Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. All branches of Gardening. Two and a half years Gardener to General Fielden. M.P. -BLENCH, Wilton Park, Blackburn. GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, two children. — A Gentleman, giving up his Garden, wishes to highly recommend his Head Gardener as a thoroughly prac- tical man in all branches of Gardening.- G. WAREINUTON, 1, Cedar Cottages. Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married; late with Lord Hylton, is seeking re engagement. Twenty years' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits and \'egetable3, Plants, Orchids, Flower and Kitchen Garden, and the Management of a first-class Garden. Teetotaller. — JOHN F. RAGGETT. 20. Catherine Grove, Greenwich. (^ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married ; V_X twenty-six years' experience in Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, all kindsof Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, and the Management of a Garden. First-class references. Please state wages. — G. LUCAS, 41, Hampden Road, Upper HoUoway, N. rj. ARDENER (Head Wouking).— Age 50; vX practical Grower of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Over six years" good character. — E. ATKINS, Hargrave Gardens, Stanstead, Essex, /GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, \-A married; sixteen years' experience in all branches; also good Bee-keeper. Good references. — E. HUNT, Sutton- on-Hill, Derby. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where another is kept. — Age 28; married ; twelve years' experience in all-round Gardening. Good references ; abstainer. Distance no object.— A, T., 7, Queen's Road, Chislehurst. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept; age 28, married, no family. — I can recommend for a place a good man, a thorough Gardener. Can undertake JIanagcment of Cows if required. — GEO. WALL, Breakspears, Uxbridgc. ARDENER (Head Working).- Age 29, fifteen years' experience in all branches. Six years in lost employ. Welt recommended as a good, all round, practical man. Married when suited. — LAY, 14, West Place, Wimbledon, S.W. ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 31, single; good experience in all branches. Good re- ferences. Last five years at Waddesdon Gardens, Baron de Rothschild, M.P.— M. C, Gordon Villa, Goldsworth Road, Woking, Surrey. G" ARDENER (Head Working).— In the prime of life, single; abstainer. Trustworthy, ener- getic, and thoroughly practical in all branches. Five years' high character; also testimonials.— M. M., 283, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working); Age 32.— Albert Pahry, Shendish, Henul Hempstead, is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman in want of a practical Gardener in all branches. Seven years' good references from present situation. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept. — ^Agc .'i^ ; married, two children ; over twenty years' thorough practiciil experience in all brandies of the profession in large establishments. Highest references as to ability and character.— GILBERT, Brixworth Hall, North- amptonshire. ARDENER (Head Working, or good Single-handed). — Age 32, married, no incumbrance; has a thorough knowledge of Vines, Peaches, Stove aud Green- hou'^e Plants, and I-'lower and Kitchen Gardening. Five years' good character.— A, B., Crofton, Orpington, Kent. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handkd). — Age 30; five years' excellent character. — r. SMITH, The Gnnlens, Harden Park, Catcrham. Surrey. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). — Age 33 ; twelve years' experieuce. Inside and Out, in Private Gardens. Total abstainer. Good references.— C. SUTTON, 9a, Beech Hoad, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER. — Age 17 ; two years experience. Good character.— J. LYNCH, Carlton. Selby, Yorlis. ARDENER.— Age 30, single; thoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening. Four years' good character from present employer.— T. T., 52, Castle Street, Coventry. ARDENER, good.— Age 41 ; undtir. stands liis duties. Could Manage Land Stock, Poultry. Wife good Laundress or Dairy,— Good reference.— JAMES CARL TON, High Brooms. Tunbridge Wells, Kent. (2J^ARDEN ER, where three or more are kept. — !T Age L'8. married; thirteen years' expfrience in llirce large esUibli.slnneiits. Can be welt recumniendrd.— GAR- DENER. Jlr. Itruck, Turnford, near lloddcsdon. IhTls. GARDENK];, where one or more are kept. — UndtTsliinds Fruit, Flower, Vegetables. Plants. Good character from jtrcviuuii employers. — i'leaso Htat(; wages to R. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, ■11, Wellington Street. Sbraud, W.C. GARDENER. — A Gentleman is desirous to recommend a man who has been with him for thirti-en vears, who is fully capable to undertake any Garden Work and is highly trustworthy.- EDWARD DALE, Wickham Street, Chichester. ARDENER (good Working).— No family ; thoroughly experienced. Wife good Laundress; take care of house if required. Good character,- X. V., 2, Leeson Road, Heme Hill. S.E. GARDENER (Working), where assistance is given. — Age \vi, married, one child; eighteen years' experience in all branches of Gardening and Early and Late Forcing of Flowers, Fruit and Vegetables, Good char;u:ter indispensable.- G. CORDERY. Hambledon, Cosham, Hants. GARDENER, or GROWER for Market.— Age 28, single; well up in Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Plants. Held last situation as Grower. Good referencea. Abstainer.— GARDENER, Evergreen Villa, New Estate, Waltham Cross, Herts. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.- Age 29, married, one child; total abstainer. Experienced in Vines, Stove, Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Cucumbers, aud Tomatos. Three and a half years' previous and present characters. — R. W., 104, Highgate Road. Kentisli Town. N.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Nine years' experience in Vines, Peaches. Stove and Greenhouse, &c. A fair knowledge of Orchids; also understands Kitchen Garden. Good characters; last witli T. A. Titley, Esq., (deceased), Leeds.- State wages, &c., to B. L. SCALES, 318. Mean wood Road, Leeds. G ^ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). T —Good character.— H. VERNON, 79. Harwood Road, Fulham. S.W. /^ARDENER (Second), where four or five are VJ kept. — Age 21 ; can be highly recommended. Abstainer. — G. JACKSON. Claydon Park, Winslow, Bucks. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept.— Age 23, single; good references.— M. T., 31, Hays Mews, Berkeley Square, W. /ZJ_ ARDENER (Second), or under a good V^ Foreman in the Houses. — Age 25, single; ten yours' experience Inside and Out. Bothy preferred.- E. REFFi.)LD, Stone Park, Greenhithe, Kent. rj_ARDENER (Second), in the Hou^'sT^ \IX Age 24; four and a half years' experience. Inside and Out. Good character. Leaving through place being sold. — A. UPWARD. Chobham, Woking, Surrey. GARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept.— Young : thoroughly steady and in.luslriou-". Total abstainer. First-class references.- F. W., Gardener. The Gardens, Mi unt Mascal, Bexley, Kent. GA RDENER (Second), without^b^thy. Distance no object.— Age 26 ; eleven years' experience Understands Fowls. Good character. — T. S., 39, Northfields, Ealing-Dean. GARDENER (Second or Third), under a good Gardener.— Age 23 ; bothy not objected to. Six years' good character.— Mr. RIXON. Westwood, Great Horkes- ley, Colchester, Essex. ARDENER (Undeb), under a Foreman preferred.— Age 19; steady and active youuff man. — H. lASKEY. Careby. Stiimford. G J. ARDENER (Undeb), Indoors or Out.— Age ^ 1^3 ; three years' experience from last place — W. KEEN, Orchard Place, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W. ARDENER (Undee), in a Uentlemaiil Garden. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience, Inside and Out. Goodcharacter.— T. POCOCK, 81, Lota Road, Chelsea, S.W /?J.ARDENER (Undeb), Inside and Out.— VJ Age 23; gooil Scythe hand. Good character as to ability &C.— W. HALL, The Gardens. Hanger Hill House, Ealing, W. GARDENER (Under), Indoors~or Out.— Age 20; four years' experience, Gotnl references.— !•■ LETHBRIDGE, Hope Cottage, Princes Road, Norbiton, King- ston-on-Thames. ARDENER (Under), in a good establish- ment. Kitchen Gardening preferred. — Age 21; six years' experience. (.Jood character. Total abstainer.— F. JANAWAY, Prison Qiuirfers. Winchesler, Hants. GARDENER (Unpkr).— Age L^d, umrriTdTno r-ncumbrnncc. Total Abstjiim-r. Used (o NurM-rv Work Good references.— T. H., 179. Dartmouth Park Hill, Highgnte* London, N. ARDENER (Under).— Age 24; ten years* experience in Indoor and Outdoor Gardening. Two years' good character from last place.— OARDENIilt, ■!, Dove- dale PliLCp, Sudbury, Harrow, N.W. T^'^OREM AN.— W. P. Roherts^ Gardener, J- Cnerden Hall, Preston, would be ph-nsed to recommend his late Foreman, Eldon Qunntrill, to any Gardener in want of a man well up in his work. I^^'OREMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 27 : twelve years' experionoe. Two aiul a haU years' good elmraeter from present place.— J. TUCKlai. Caldv .^l.iiior Gardens. Birkenliead. L(X)UKMAN ; age 25.— Mr. Mahkuam, Mere- -1- worth Castle Gardens, Maidstone, will be pleased to reertmmentl his present roremiin, who Inis been with him two years, to any Uaniener in want of n stea.ly. reliable man. Several years' experience in good places, including I'onlvnool Park, Oyfarthfa Castle, JUurghley, &i!. Strong and healthy. Februahy 9, 1889.] THE OABDENERS' GHRONIGLE. 191 IrOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 27; well up ill aU (U'partmouta. Good character.— A. BAXTER. Mrs. White, Friday Street, H o a ley-on- Thames. T?OREMA\, in the Houses, where two or three X- ore kept.— Age 27; good experience iu Viues, Melons, Cucumbers. Qreenhoiiso plantg, .tc. Good references. — A. EAST. The Gardens. Maei*lhvch Castle. Glasbiiry. Rnduor. OREMAN. — Age 20 ; advertiser desires situation jis above. Has been Foreman at Whittlebury Lodge two and a half years. Leaving through the death of Sir Kobert Lotier, Bart. Has a thorough practical knowledge of Garvloning iu all brauehes. First-class testimonials from last and previous places.— Mr. S. MILLER, Head Gardener, Whittlebury, Towcester, Northamptonshire. FOREMAN, in the Houses, or GENERAL in a good establishment; age 27.- D. McKknzh:, Gar- dener to Lady Siemens. Sherwood Park, Tutibridge Wells, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman, Thos. Porter, as above. Twelve years' experienee. r~OREMAN, PROPAGATORraud^GROWER of Roses, Chrysanthemums, Eucharis, and all choice Flowers and Plant.s for Market, Grapes, Peaches. Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. ; make Wreaths. &c., i£ desired. Age 3.5. Last situation four years.— G. HOLLIS, Wilton, North Walsham, Norfolk. _^^___^_— FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Cucumbers, Tomatos, Rosea, Chrysanthemums, and Forceii Cut Flowers for Market. — Age 25 ; good Buncher and Packer.— WALTER, \. Bloomfield Terrace, Wells Road, Bath. FOREMAN or GROWER.— Age 23 ; experi- eneed in Market Nursery, and well-up in Growing Ferns, Crotons, Dracivnas, Eucharis, Soft-wooded Plants ; also a knowledge of Grafting, Wreaths, and Cut Flowers. Good testimonials. Good scholar.— REX, -11, Wellington Street, Strand, ^t^.C ____^_^ F^~OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN ; age 23; eight years' exp.?rience.-H. HUNTLEY. Powis Castle Gardens, Welshpool, can recommend Benjamin Wood as above. __^^ FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, In or Out of Houses. — Age 26 ; thirteen years' experience in first-class establishment. Excellent testimonials from present and previous employers. Bothy preferred. — SKELTON, Pepper Arden, Northallerton, OREx\IAN7or SECOND, in a good establish^ mi'nt. — A^f? 23; five years" good character. Abstainer. W. H. H.A.\VTHORN, FrensUam Hill, Farnham, Surrey. OREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 25; two years" good character from present place. — W. PRATT, 9, Mill Street, Aylesbury, Bucks. OREMAN, or good SECOND.— Age 26"; twelve years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing, Early and Late Forcing, and Table Decoration, Kitchen and Flower Gardenin.'. Can br- w-ell recommended.- H. GIBSON, The Gardens, Ampficld Hon^ie. Romsey. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Under), Inside or Out.— Nine wears' practical experience in leading Nurseries. Good references for same. — H. LEPPARD, Crocken Hill, Swanley, Kent. JOUREYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Good character. Bothy preferred.— A. SHAMBROOK, 65, Coombe Road, SyJeuham. Kent. JOURNEYMAN (Fihst), in the House; Age 22; seven years' experience; good character. — A. SsiITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above. OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience; two > ears' good charac- ter, four previous. Can have good testimonials. — F. MILLS, Brookthorpe, near Gloucester. JOURNEYMAN (First), iu a good establish- ment.— Age 22 ; good character from present and previous places. — R. WEBB, Brixworth Hall Gardens, Northampton, OURNEYMAN.- Age 21 ; well used to Soft- wooded Plants, Palms, Ericas. Nine years' good ex- perience.— H. W., Mr. Whitehead, Swanley Junction, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 23; five years' good character; other references if required, E. J. D„ The Gardens, Cherkley Court, Leatherhead, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in Orchid or other Glass Department. — Age 20; two years' excellent character. — W. ASKEW, The Garden^ Earvins Park, Pottei's Bar, N. JOURNEYMAN, Indoors.— Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. — Mr, WARD, Stoke Edith Gardens. Hereford. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21; bothy preferred. — Mr. Ward. Stoke Edith Gardens. Hereford, will be pleased to recommend a young man as above. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out.— Age 21; abstainer. Good characters. — G. WOODKATCH. Quex Park Gardens, Birchington. Kent, JOURNEYMAN; age 20.— B. Gwtne, The Gardens, St. Catherine's Hill, Worcester, will be pleased to recommend a strong, respectable young man as above. OURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21 : three vear^' in present situation. Good reference' . HEAD GARDENER, Froyle Park, Alton, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; nine years' experience. Good references. —J. WALKEU, Crown Stret-t, Leiston. Suffolk. J^T)URNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendations. Bothy preferred. — H. SNELL, Upton St. Marychurcli, Torquay. OURNEYJIAN.— Age 19; two years in present situation. Can be well recommended. — A. SMITH, Garnstone, Weobley, Herefordshire. To Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, iu a good establish- ment. — Age 32 ; seven years' experience. — A, J., Granard Nurseries, Pntney Park Terrace, Putney, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, Inside anTOut^Age" 22 ; eight years' in present place. Good character.— HEAD GARDENER, Kingscote Park, Woiten-under-Edge, Gloucester- shire. _____^ JOURNEYMAN, or otherwise, iu a large establishment, — Six years' experience; four years' ex- cellent character.— A. DA\'IES, Glewstone, near Ross. Here- fordshire, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, age 22; seven years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers. — H. N., The Gardens, Lockerley Hall, Romsey, Hants. J~OURNEYMAN.— Age 19 ; four years' ex- perienee in Orchids and other Glass Departments. Excel- lent testimonials.— H. COOPER, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. ^_^ JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; three years in present place, four in previous. Good waterer. First-class references, — C. LONGMAN, Byams Gardens. March wood, Southampton, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 21; four years' good character among Vines. Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Table Decoration, &c. — H. H., Great Brickhill, Bletchley. OURNEYMAN.— Age 22; bothy preferred. Four years* experience Inside or Out. Either, as may be required. Can be well recommended. — T. HUNT, Ratchwood, St. Albans. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 29; three and a half years' esperiuuce. Bothy preferred. — RICHARD CADWALLADER, Cheleea Cottage, Weston, Baschurch, Salop. J~~OURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside" and Out~; age 21.— Blench, Wilton Park, confidently recommends a reliable man to any Gardener. Bothy preferred. — Address as above. JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses.— Age 10; Gardener's son. Three years' in last situation, in a Nobleman's Garden. Can have good references. — HORTUS, Abel Munt, Hemel Hempstead, Herts, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; five years' experience in present situation. Good cha- racter and References. Bothy.— W. EARNETT, The Gardens, Wormley Hill, Witley, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN ; age 23. — Henry J. Clayton, Gardener, Grimston Park, Tadcaster, can re- commend John Snell to anyone wanting a good Journeyman with a Charge. Has been with him four years. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— Mr. MiLSOM. Claydon Gardens, Winslow, Bucks, will be pleased to recommend an intelligent, energetic young man as above. Seven years' good practical experience in the pro- fession. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN. — Mr. Mitchell, Gardener to Sir George Elliot, Bart., JLP., Aberaman Gardens, Aberdare, South Wales, can highly recommend for the Hon>e3, under Foreman, a clean active young man, who has been with him fifteen months. JOU"rNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 24"^ over three years in present situation. — W. Buggins would have much pleasure in recommending a young man ;is above.— Please address Mr. BUGGINS, Woodlands Castle, Cton.silla, co. Dublin. OURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses.— Mr, TiLLYAHD, Gardener to the Earl of Yarborough, has great pleasure in recommending a young man as above. Eight years' gcod character. — The Gardens, Brocklesby, Ulceby, Lincolnsln're, To the Trade. MARKET C4R0AVEIi. — Age 24 ; Fruit, Fern, Cut Bloom, &c. Practical experience. Good references. — A. D., ft, American Buil'jings. Teddington. IMPROVER, under Glass, in a good establish- ment.—Age 20 ; steady ; first-rate raferencea.— G-. HORN, 162, Trinity Road, Upper Tooting, S.W. IMPROVER, in a Market Nursery.- Age 21 ; three years' experience, two and a half under glass. — H., Messrs. Vice, Stationers, Nottingham, IMPROVER, in a good establishment. — Age 20 ; good character. Had five years' experience. No objection to paying a small premium. — ELLIS, Saffron Walden, ''po GENTLEMEN and NURSERYMEN.— -L Situation Wanted. — Age 20; good knowledge of Growing Plants and Vegetables, Good references.- ROBT. BOLTON, Jun., Warton, Carnforth. To Head Gardeners. IMPROVER, in Bothy.- -Age 18, total ab- stainer; five years' good character from JOSEPH SHEP- HEARD, Gardener. Stradsett. Downham Market. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20; fair knowledge of plantis. Seven years' good character; can be well recommended.— C. OUTTEN, Latymers, Penshurst, Kent. ''I^O MARKET GARDENERS.— A thorough JL practical Grape, Cucumber, and Tomato Grower ; also Cut Flowers, Ferns, &c. Seven years in last situation. Married, age 41.— E. C, -11. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ^pO GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situation in JL the Gardens, or in the Houses. Eight years' experience Inside and Out. Good reference. Age 21. — A. C, Mr. Stacy, Gardens, Empshott, Petersfield, Hants. ''I^O GARDENERS, &o.— Situation wanteT by JL a young MAN three years' experieuce, Inside nnd Greeniiouse varieties, wcU-budded, 2s. 6i., 'M. M. to ^s. each. AZALEAS. Azalea mollis 3i'ed;int;s, wi.'U-budded, s,-. to 9.^. per dozen; {iON. to 60k. l>er lijil. lihoiit ami other v.iriet:us, well-budded, 18j. to 24s. per do/en. Also GENERAL NURSERY STOCK in the flnest condition. CATALOGUES free on application. TO OFFER, VERY CHEAP. EADING HERBACEOUS PLANTS, in great variety. L RHUBAKD FOR FORCING. PARAGON, PARAGON, CHAMPAGNE, VICTORIA. ■pXTRA STRONG CURRANTS. Black, White, and Red. BUSH ROSES. — Best Varieties. Very strong. TEA ROSES I N POTS. Strong for Forcing. AVENUE TREES, of extra size, in variety. Will move safely. STANDARD APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. In Beat Varieties and Bearing Condition. TRAINED PEACHES, PLUMS, and PEARS. Extra strong. J, PEED & SONS, STBEATHAM, S.W. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, to hia large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS, &c., ^vhich are in fine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of ti milea. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. "MANCHESTER" SEEDS. FOR THE GARDEN AND THE FARM. Unsurpassed for Quality, Purity, and Germination. CARRIAGE PAID. Descriptive Priced Catalogue post-flree. DICKSON & ROBINSON, SEED MERCHANTS AND NURSERYMEN. 12, OLD MILLGATE, MANCHESTER. To the Trade. POTATOS for SEED. MYATT'3 PROLIFIC EARLY ASHLEAF KIDNEY, splendid stuff; a large quantity to offer at 80s. per ton, on rdils ; 5s. per cwt. do. Also BEAUTY OF HEBRON, at 90s. per ton ; .5.i. per cwt. WHITE ELEPHANT, at 80s. per ton ; 4s. 6rf. per cwt. EARLY KDSE. very fine, at SOt. per ton ; 4';. 6ttingof all the best, and will send 12 splendid kinds of P.TCONIES for 12s. ; IRIS, do., including the wond*_'rful ■' SusiRna,"grflnde;^t of thisfamily. for 8.?., our selection. These are so rare and beaxitiful that they would give a new attraction. H. CANNELL and SONS, Swanley. Kent. yRUE ISAAC DAVIE3 & SON, Nurserymen. Ormaklrlc NATIVE SCOTS FIR.— 500,000 stout, extra rooted, IJ to 2 feet, snd 2 to 2J feet, cheap, to clear ground.— T. MATHESON, Nurseries, Morpeth. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWORTH HERTS. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN IN.-^riX'TlON FROM INTK.M'INO ILANTKKS TO .THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted within wo years : — ACACIA BESSONIANA. ] 2 to 14 feet; A. SEiMPERFLO- RENS, 12 to 14 feet ; ACER DASYCARPUiM, 12 to 16 feet ; A. UASYCARPUM WIEIUI LACLNIATA, lu to 14 feet: A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet; A. LEO- POLDII. 12 to 14 feet; A. REITENBACHII. 12 10 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERU, 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYll, standards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH. Mountain. 10 to 14 feet. BEECH. Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 10 feet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 tolO feet. CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feel. Double White, 10 to 16 feet ; Scarlet, 12 to 16 f. et; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey, 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. JLiPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK. English, lu to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet ; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet ; SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, S to 10 feet ; White, S to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids. 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR, Weeping. Pyramids, ami Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENBULA, Standards. 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. Tr A DnCCO * * grand stock, in 5-in. pots, 12s, & 18s. doK. I CM nUOLO ■) A grand stock, in 7-in. pots, 24s. & 30s. Aor.. ^ Black Hamburgh and other varieties. PDADC UiyCCJ Suitable forfruitint^ in pots, 10s. Qd. each UnArL f I nUO 'l Suitable for planting vineries, &s. and (. 7s. 6rf. each. Fr p II Q » A fine stock, in 5-iuch pots, 12s. per dozen, C n n 0 ) A tine stock, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Cataloffue.i on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), LIMITED, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GAR3T0N, NEAR LIVERPOOL. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS\ More than 100 named varietit-'S. Al^o colleotion-i of samf in 1,'. 18, and 24 sorts. List of Nunies free by post, on appliculiui.. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, Lon(*on,\V f. HEREFORDSHIRE FRUIT TREES. Unequalled for Vigorous, Hardy Groicth. An immense Stock grown in every variety of form. Premier Prizes at all the leading Fruit Shows, including the CHAMPION PJUZE, at the Crystal Palace Great Autumn Show, 1833. Descriptive Priced Catalogues on application lo JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S AGKE NUUSERIES, IIEKEFORn. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new sea^^ou's soeda are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM liii^ been prunounic i tiiL- mo-.t complete :mi.i ecouomlcal aVHb'in of supplying -ii'i-ih, 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of VcgeUible and Flower Sct-.ls in Penny FacketS ; also by weight and measure at lowest price?. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catahxjue (.")00 Jl/iistrations) gratis and post-free. RIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. P.litorial Comnuinicitions should he ndrlrcssod to " The Editor ;" Ailvertiscnienli nnd Business Letters to "The Pulilisher," at the OHice, 41, Wellington Sa-cft, Covent Garden, L ndon, W.C. Urinted by WlLLH.M Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BKiDBliRV, AOHKW, St CcJ., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefnnrs, City of London, in the County ol Midillc-cx, and published by the said WILLUSI KICHARDS, at the OIBce, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Covont Garden, in the said County.-SATURDiV, p-ebrnary 9, ISSO. Agent for Mallclle^tcr-JoUS lu.vwool). •ESTABWSHED No. 2613. No. n2.-VoL. V. gZ^} SATUKDAY, FEBBUAET 16, 1889. /Regt. as a Newspaper. /PRICE 3d* \WITH SUPPLEMENT. \ PoST-FbeE, 3J<(. CONTENTS. Anemone blanda Aognec ms Bota7ucat Magazine Callfts Canada, ajcricultuml pro- gress io... Carnation trial at Chis- wiok Celery bolting to seed ... Cephalotua follicularia ... Clethra nrborea Colonial aud foreign notes 204 Cypripedium Cassiope X 20U Dendrobium Wardiauum album Eria marginata ... Floial art. Japanese Florists flowers Flower gardeu Fruit, a new Fruits under glass Gardening appointment Gardeners' Ilo> al Benevo- lent Institution Hardy fruit garden Herbaceous border Horticulturists, famous . Indiarubber in Burmah... Japan Laciiuer Kitchen garden ... Kunzea pomifera Leelia Gouldiana Law note-s Lycaste Skinneri at Ma- jor Mason's Masdevallia Courteauldi- anax 213 Mealy-bug, destruction of 203 New South Wales Orchid-housea ,, notes Pear trees in the Jardin des Plantes Phalrenopsis growing ... Phlox decussflta Phylloxera, foes of Plant colour „ names „ portraits Plants aud their culture . Ribston Hall, old trees at Rose, the Moss Royal Horticultural So- ciety Societies — Linoean Royal Horticultural ... Wooltou Gardeners ... Seed, home sa%'ed Sophronitis viola^ea Stocks for fruit trees, un- suitable Stocktaking, January ... Testacella Maugei Thorpe Perrow Timber supply to Re- uniou United Horticultural Benefit Society Useful inventions Violas at the Temple show Violet culture Weather, the ... 2U4, 209 211 209 212 212 211 212 203 . 200 199 : 204 2015 200 ' 207 222, 209 207 206 210 210 206 207 200 203 215 203 200 Illustrations. Kunzea pomifera, a new fruit 201 Ribston Pippin Apple, original tree and descendant ... 212 Stock for fruit trer-s, unsuitable 213 Thorpe Perrow, flower garden at (Supplement) and p. ... 205 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances ivhatever, cari any particular position be guaranteed for ad- r€rfise}fients occupying less space than an entire colum?i. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6(L 7^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1883. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellineton Street, Strand. W.C. ILIUM A U R A T U M.— THE GOLDEX-RAYED LILY OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 2hs. per Case ; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 235. 9rf. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, 4s., 6s., 9s.. Vis., and 18s. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. 6d. and 3s. tki. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. HEALS SINGLE DAHLIAS. — Seed from this celebrated strain, selected from over 50 of the bet named varieties, Is. tjd. and 2s. 6d. per Packet. J. CHEAL AND SONS, Crawley. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARR'S 1889 SEED CATALOGUE, now ready. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be found special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special LIST of HIGH- CLASS POTATOS. handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to EARR AND SON. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. UXYARD'S Prizetaker BROAD BEAN. The finest ever sent out free for 20 stamps per Packet. Wholesale of Mes-irs. HURST and SON, Loudon, only. GEORGE BUNTlARD a>-d CO., Seed Merchants, Maidstone. TfERTEGANS' Illustrated CATALOGUE.— > These who have not received one of our Speciality Catalogues should lose no lime in obtaining it. Free by Post. \T:RTEGANS and CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. JAV. BARNIIAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES, TOMATOS, aud other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highe'^t Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent Garden, London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP." RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSEof any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60, Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Reference : London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address— Adiantum, London. F WILLIAMS, 21, Catherine Street, and • Covent Garden Flower Market, is open to RE "'EIVE COSSIGNMENTS of Choice FLOWERS, and any quantities of FERN. Best Prices. Returns Weekly, and Prompt. Good references. OTICE. — SQUELCH"~and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row. Covent Garden Market, W.C. USCATS, MUSCATS. — Highest Market Prices guaranteed for really good and well packed Fruit of the above. HENRY RIDES, Fruit Salesman. Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, ORCHIDS, EUCHARIS, ROSES, Maidenhair FERN, and any other clioice Cut FLOWERS in quantity. Best Market Prices returned weekly. S. HILL. Jun.. 21, Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, W., and 363, Covent Garden Flower Market. W.C. ANTED, Small quantities of CARNA- TIONS, ROSEBUDS, aud other CHOICE FLOWERS. Good Prices, returned as desired. Tudor Nursery, 5a, Crosby Road, Birkdale, Southport. ANTED, Two Small Plants of the KAURI PINE (Dammara australis), to Plant Out-of-Doors. State size, age, and price to J. LAURIE, Estate OfS^e, Cadland, Southampton. ' ANTED, GERANIUM PLANTS, Crystal Palace Gem, and Flower of Spring. State price to GARDENER, 165. Barry Road. East Dulwich. S.E. w WAXTEDa quantity of BEECH HEDGING, about 5 to 7 feet high.— Lowest price to H.. Box 30 Postroffice, Hull. WANTED, 5 or 6 bushels of ASH SEED. Address H. P. ^LARRIOTT, Esq.. Hildenley, Malton, stating price. ANTED, PINE-APPLE SUCKERS of the following varieties :— Variegated, Smooth Cayenne, Black Prince, White Providence, Black Antigua and others. Please state prices and quantities to HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C. S UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, READING. BUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. O —Now ready : price \s., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton'a Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowera, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment, Reading. M AIDENHAIR FERN. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. PRIMULA OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet. 6rf. and Is. Large Trade packets, 2s. 6(i., 5s.. 10s. i6d., and 21s. each. Primrose, Old Double Crim- son Pompadour: see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct.. 18a8, Magnificent plants. 15s. per dozen, Is. tjrf. each. See Hartland'3 ■' Year Book" of Rare Seedsfor 1889. Post-free. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, Cork. Garden and Flower Seeds. Spring Bulbs, &o. CG. VAN TU BERGEN, Jan., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESALE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD AND SON, 25. Savage Gardana, Crutched Friars, London, E.G. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coaat. CATALOGUE free on application.— RrCHAED SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchanta. Worcester. ENGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3. 4, 5, and 6 feet. ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 6, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. The New Raspberry. T ORD BEACUNSFIELD. X^ (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes £2 per 100; 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied; Cash vpith order. Cap- tain Strawberry Plants, 43 per 100. A. FAULKNOR. Inkpen, Hungerford. U ELECTED SEED POTATOS. — The best lO varieties for table use. The best varieties for exhibition. Delivered free. Lists Po&t-free on application. DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. QEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of IO Conservatories, Greenhouses, Garden Frames. Propa- gators, post-free, for 6 stamps, deducted from first order. CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwnch. Great Reduction in Prices. T 1 CiCi CiCiCi GARDEN POTS, 3f in. diam., X^ _L vV/«( V/V/V/ instock, ready for immediate delivery; carriage and breakage free on JEIO orders; half carriage on £5. Acknowledged by the trade to be the best pots manufactured. Largest Stock and Larget.t Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEYandSON. Bulwell Potteries. Nottingham. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be bad of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords. Galaphiels, N.B. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by nlants- no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted tor all pot plants. In bags : 112 lb.. 19.?. ; 56 lb., lis. 3d. ; 28 lb.. 6s. 9d. ; 141b., 4s.; 71b., 2.9. Sd. In tins, Is. each. SoIeManufacturers, PHILIP HARRISANDCO.a.imited). 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham. NICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, Is. 6d., 3s.. 6s. 63. ; Tins 15s. 6rf., 25s., &5j. All SeeJamen aud Flo'-'sts. 194 THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [Febrcaet K;, 1880. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesday and Wednesday Next, February 19 and 20. THE BARVINS PARK COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. UNRESERVED SALK of the Third Portion of this Extensive Collection, by order of the Proprietor, who is leaving the neighbourhood and Selling the Estate. Important to the Trade and Large Buyers. MESSKS. PROTHEUOE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, fi7 and ijS, Cheapside. London, E.G., on the above dates, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, the Third Portion of this Extensive Collection of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS, without tlie lea'-t resen-e, comprising several thousands of Plants, mostly for the cool house, includ- ing a large quantity of Odontoglossum Alexandrffi, in various sizes, all unflowered, and principally selected from Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder [& Co.'s importations of the broad- petalled Pacho variety. The Plants will be on view the morningg of Sale. Catalogues forwarded, free by post, on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Tuesday Next- Named CARNATIONS and PICOTEES in pots; Staiidnrd, Dwarf, find Climbing ROSES to name; FRUIT TREES. EVERGREENS, CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, and other Plants in pots from an En^'li^h Nursery, MESSRS. RUUTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above at the City Auction Rooms. .38 and 3Vt, Gracechurch Street, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, February li), at half-past 12 o'Clock. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Sale Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, (57 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C. Leamington. GREAT CLEARANCE SALE of GENERAL NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Wills & Sons to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Nursery, Milverton. Leaming- ton, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. February 20 and lil. at 12 o'clock each day, the whole of the beautifully grown NURSERY STOCK, including a very choice assortment of handsome specimen Conifers, splendid specimen tiolden Hollies and Yews, Standard Ornamental Trees, Pasonies, &c. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale, Catalogues may be had of Messrs. WILLS and SONS. Nurserymen, Leaming- ton ; and of the Auctioneers. ii7 and 68. Cheap-^ide. London, EC. Thursday Next— Without Reserve. 40,000 LTLIUM AUKATITM. unu-^nally tine bulb=, in splendid cundilion. jii--t r.' i-ived from Japiii, to be offered in Large Luis, ti. mit 11k- Trade, Also r,m L[Lll'.\r SI'KClOSUil ALBt'M KRvETZERI, and 3;J0 L. Sl'ECUiSUM RUIiltUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on THURSDAY 2s EXT, February 21, at half-past 12 oCioLk, On view morning of Sale, and Catjilognes had. Thursday Next. 40,000 LILIUM AURATUM. mii<;ui!kent bulbs, just received from Japan ; 600 LILIUM SPECIOSUM ALBUM KRAETZERI; 300 L. Sl»ECIOSUM RUBRUM; PEARL TUBEROSES; a fine collection of CALOCHORTI and English-grown LILIES, the latter including several rare species; Standard and Dwarf ROSES; a good lot of the beautiful Japanese IRIS; GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety; 2000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS ; 10,0iXi FREESIA REFRACTA ALBA, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on THUSRDAY NEXT, February 21, at half-past 12 o'Clnck precisely. Oil view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Friday Next. IMPORTED ORCHjDS from Mr. F. Sander. MESSRS, PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at the Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6?, Cheapside, E.C. on FRIDAY NEXT, February 22, at half-past 12 o'clock preciseb , a large quantity of various IMPORTED ORCHIDS, from Mr. F. Sander. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Friday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT about .50 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from Mes-rs. Seeger & Tropp, including several very rare plants ; TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS, another property, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Westerhani. adjoining Railway Station. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of ihriving and beauti- fully grown NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are in-tructcd by Mr. T. W. Erimnnds to SELL by AUCTION, on tlie Premises, the Westerham Nurseries, Wester- ham, Kent, on MONDAY", February 2b, and following dayH, at 12 o'clock each day (in consequence of a portion of the Land b^ing immediately required to be cleareti for Seed Growing), an extensive quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in first-class condition fur removal, comprising, in all, ir)U,rKiO Ornamental, Forest and Fruit Trees, of the usual de-^cription ; an abundance of very tioi' Apples. Pears, I'Uims. Cherries, ami Walnuts; .5000 best named Standard and Dwarf Roses, tliou- flinda of Evergreen Coniferai and Deciduous Shrubs, several thousands of hybrid Seedling Rhododendrons, 30,000 trans- planted Quick, &c. Purchasers can arrange with the Foremen at Ihe Nurseries to have their lots lifted and put on Rail at Westerham Station at the mere cost of labour thereby itieurred. May be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues imy be had on the I'reniises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Monday, February 25.— Special Sale. A splendid Cousigument of ORCHIDS, received direct from Mr. Rochthii, for Sale, without Reserve, cousisting of \'and;i Pan^hii, Marriothiana (true), Saccolabium pigan- teum var. album, Cypripedium callosum, including several specially marked species; Aeridesodoratum Godefroyn? (':'), Dendrobiums, &c.; and Three Cases of a new Phoenix, to be named PhuMiix Roebelenii. IV/f ESKRS. I'ltOTHEROE and MORRIS will i'X SELL the above Valuable COLLECTION oC ORCHIDS at their Room;^, on MONDAY, February ;;5. Fviller particulars will ajipear next week. Tuesday. February 26.— Special Sale. ORCHIDS lu FLOWER MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to annouDce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER -will take place as above, for which they will be pleased to receive NOTICE of ENTRIES as EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Sample ISale.— Thursday, February 28. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that the next SALE of Nl'RSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE PLANTS by Sample will take pi ice as above, for which they will be glad to receive ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Potter's Bar. Preliminary Notice of an Important UNRESERVED SALE of LIVE and DEAD STOCK, comprising 41 Heiiers, mostly in Calf, Shorthorn Cow and Bull, 100 Sheep, 13 Pigs. Poultry, *J00 Loads of Prime Meadow Hay, Implements, Elevator and Gearing complete, 8 Greenhouses and Fit- tings, Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, and Effects. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured witli instructions from J. R. Wood. Esq., who 19 leaving the neighbourhood, to SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, Rurvins Park Farm, I'otter's Bar, N., about 3 miles from Potter's Bar Station, on THURSDAY and FRIDAY, February 23 and 29, at 1 o'Clock precisely each tlay. Catalogues may be had, when ready, of the Auctioneer-, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Cypripedium Insigne Hallianum. FOR SALE WITHOUT RESERVE. The ENTIRE STOCK of this beautiful and new variety, fully described by Professor Reicheubach in the Gardeners' Chronicle. February 9 last. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, OZanil IIS, Cheapside, EC, on FRIDAY, March 1, by order of iSIr. W . IL-.ll. _| The celebrated Sunbury House Collection of ESTABLISH Kll (IKCHIDS. IMPORTANT I'NKKSEKVED SALE. Preliminary Notice. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and tiS, Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. March 12 and 1.3, at half-past 12 o'clock each day, the first portion of this valuable collection of ESTvVBLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of Major Lendy, who, in consequence of ill-health, is relinquishing their cultivation. Full particulars will appear in future announcements. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No, 7873.) 500 choice Nani00 per annum. Rent, £60; IS) years' Lease. 3 Largo Greenhouses, 3 Horses, 2 Vans, Dogcart, Shop Fixtures, &c. Price £750. Stock at \'aluation ; part money could remain at 5 per cent. Apply, in first instance, to Mr. J. UNDERWOOD, Florist, Holloway Road, London, N. WEST KND FLUUIST'lS BUSINESS for SALE, iloing £20 n week now, and £80 a week in the season. About ai)0 aecouiit-t on the book. £100 required. Slock at a ^'ulufttion. ami boolc debts can be taken over or not,— A|iply, Messrs. FRITH AKD CLARKE, Accountants, 26. Hedlord How, W.C. TO NUKSEUYMEN and OTHERS.— I'2eO: chance seldom met with. Must be SOLD, Large NURSERY and .TOBBINtJ BUSINESS, with RETAIL SHOP. Established N.W. suburb over 50 years. Stock. &c., optional at valuation. Long leases. Principals or solicitors. Apply to GOWING AND CO., Solicitors, 41, Finabury Pavement, E.C. Febedaby 16, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 195 SMALL, compact NURSERY and FLORISTS BUSINESS ; Northern Suburb, 8 miles from Covent Garilen, Rjiil eonveiiient. No opposition. Four Heated tireen- houses. Frames, and Useful Stoi-k. Price £100 w.f h Lease and Goodwill. Rent very low; Residence if desired. Apply to W. WOOD and SON, Wood Oreeu, N. TO GAKIuONERS and FLOUISTS.— TO JL LET, the Le.Tse of n Small NURSERY. DWELLIXG- HOUSE, SHOl'. &c. Useful small Stock at valuation. — Letters to A. B.. 20. Parson Street. Banbury. 0 LET, GARDEN: High AValls ; several Glasshouses, Vinery, &c., Heated with Hot Wiiter; be- iHoeii 2 ftnil ;J Acres of escelleut Tillage Lnml. — B. B., Mr. Brown, Seetlsiuiin iind Florist, Chariot Street, Hull. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Makket Gardkn ami Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and tiS, Cheapside, Loiidou, E.C., and iit Lej-ton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Kegister had on application. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have an Immense Stock of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offer at the most reasonable prices ; and they are continually receiving fresh impor- tations from various parts of the world. Lists, with Prices and Full Particulars, on application. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTOX, near LIVERPOOL. ^^ERTEGANS' XOVELTY CATALOGUE > of " FLORAL GEMS," tree by Post to all applicants. VERTEGANS and CO.. Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. To the Trade. SFl^D POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST of • SEED Pt)TATOS lias been sent out. It comprises all the finest varieties in cultivation, including several novelties. The quality is very fine, and the prices will be found ex- tremely low. Seed Growing Establishment Wisbech. The Be3t Present for a Gardener. XNES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s,. post-free 5^. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. V Palms. Follaee Plants, Heaths, &o. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN will be pleased to forward LIST of above , with low prices. Leading decorative PALMS in all sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. Richmond, Surrey ; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. TF YOU CANNOT GET FRUIT TREES A TRUE TO NAME, Write to GEORGE BUNYARD ATO CO. TF YOU WANT ANY CHOICE SORTS that i your Local Firms cannot Supply. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD AXD CO. OR FRUIT TREES by the Dozen, Hundred, or Thousand. Write to GEORGE BUNYARD and CO. SEND INTO KENT, and get the FINEST TREES— No StarvelinRs. No Blisht— at GEORGE BUNYARD AXB CO'S. TLLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRUIT -L TREES, 800 Kinds. Six Stamps. SKELETON LIST— Names and Prices— also all Outdoor Stock. Gratis. ROSE LIST, CONIFER and SHRUB LISTS, Free. One Hundred Acres Nursery. Liberal terms. G EORGE BUNYARD and CO., POMOLOGISTS and GENERAL NURSERYMEN. lyrAIDSTONE, KENT. THE MARQUIS of CHOLMONDELEY'S Head Gardener says : — " CARTER'S SOLID IVORY CELERY is dwarf, compact, solid, and crisp." Price, in sealed packet. Is. and 23. 6d., post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London. To Offer, Very Cheap. RAPE VINES. a J. PEED AXD SONS. Roupell Park. Tnlte Hill Station, S.E. ERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the GAKDEN, free by Post, on applica- tion to VERTEGANS AND CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. o THE MARQUIS of UARTINGTON'S Head Gardener .-lays ;— " Wlint an appropriate name is that given to CARTER'S SCARLET PERFECTION CARROT." Price in sealed jMickets, ls.6i^. per oic., post-free, from 2^7, High Holborn, London. Carriage Paid. DAHLIAS. — Sound Pot Uoots are the best to buy. Y'ou get earlier and slrouKer (lowering plants ; — 12 Choice CACTUS DAHLIAS for 4j., distinct. 12 Choice SINGLE KAUl.IAS for .Is., distinct. 12 Choice DOi:ill,l: DAHLIAS for 4.i-., distinct. 12 Choice POJU'ON DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. For Cash willi onler, carriage paid. CHARLES BURLEV. Nurseries. Brentwood. Barr'g Spring Catalogue, Now Eeady, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders. Rockwork, and Ciitting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLAS3 AND EASILY ruUivatedplauts only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. RCIIIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. EUONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £l to £10 per 100. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, Brighton. O FRUIT GROWERS.— On offer, at the Qnary Farm, Bardon Hill, iic:ir Leicester, a (|uantity of short useful RASPBERRY CANKS (Red). Would divide up into many thousami plants. Tliere are 25 rows, covering about 2 acres. Price for the lot, on rail at Bardon Hill Station, to be sent to J, B. ELLIS, The Gynsills. near Leicester. Offers by the thousands will be considerRd, if the lot is not disposed of. OR SALE, Greenhouse RHODODEN- DRONS — Countess of Haddington, splendid specimen. 6 feet by 4 feet, full of buds, £12 ; K. calophyllum. 5 feet by 3 feet, eb. CAMELLIAS. C. imbricata, grand plant, 12 feet by 6 feet, £8; C. elegans. 10 feet. £6; C. alba plena. lOfeet. £»; C. Mntliotiana. 8 feet. £i. AZALEA INDICA ALBA, 7 feet, £3. E. COOLING iXD CO.. Derby. T 0 S I A H n. BATH fj Offers the following: \ arietiea of SEED POTATOS ;— Old Ashleaf | White Elephant Rivers' Royal do. Early Rose Myatt's Prolific do. Magnum Bonum Mona's Pride | York Regent Snowdrop - Scotch do. Atiirondack ' Imperator Village Blacksmith Red Bog Early Beauty of Hebron Schoolmaster Dalmahoy Early Don And other leading varieties. Prices on application to Y^ork Street, Borough Market, S.E. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following : — SEAKALE for Planting, 5s. per 100. 40s. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, 50s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf), 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. VICTORIA PLITMS, Standards, 75s. per 100. DAMSON (Farleigh), Standards, 7.is. per 100. PEACHES. Dwarf-trained, 18s. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, 2 to 4 feet, extra fine, 20s. to .30s. per 100. WILLOWS, Weeping, 8 to hi ftet. 6s. to VJa. per do/en. A New Plant to EngUsh Gardens. HARTLAND'S U OLDEN QUILLED DOUBLE SUNFLOWER. " Soleil d'Or." See Gardeners' Chronicle, .Jan. 26, '839, for illustration and full particulars, with a fiithful drawing by Gertrude Hartland. Very large clumps, 2s. 6rf. each, post-free, 27s. 6rf. per dozen. Second size ... Is. 6d. „ .. 15s. Orf. The dozen lots for combined order-*, carriage and post-free. " YEAR BOOK" of SEKltS for 1S89, post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. HRYSANTHEMUMS.— 600 vars., true to name, strong Cuttings, from Is. ed. per dozen. 10s. per 100 ; Plants. 2s. 6a. per dozen, Itjs. per 100. Many of the best prizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. Price of new sorts, see CATALOGUE, two stamps, of WM. ETHER- INGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower. Swanscombe, Kent. AIsDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richi^st in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must b? addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street. London. E.G. QA (\t\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the Ov^wv/V finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12.^. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into S^-inch pots, 2s. 6a. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magniiicent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by ma. reduced price 2s. Qd. each. Descriptive LIST onapplication.— RICHARD SMITH Aia> CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. To the Trade. HAND F. SHAKPE'S Wholesale CATA- • L0GT7E of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1889 has been forwarded to their customers, if those who have not received it will kindly inform them another one &hall be sent. Seed Growing Establi--hment, Wisbech. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS WILL BE THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY A.F. BARRON^ Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. VICTORIA LILY OF THE VALLEY. T Messrs. HAWKINS AND BENNETT, Lily Gardens, Twickeidinni, Middlesex, have a few more yards of this beautiful variety. Superior both in its blooms and foliage to any yet offered. An engraving, with iiislruc- tiona for planting, &c., is sent with all orders. Price ins. pi r square yard. They have also extra largo plautn, clean and healthy, of STEPHANOTIS FLORIBUNDA.— Apply na above. BEGONIAS. — Tuberou8-roo"ted,~ of best quality, by the 100 or 1000. See the best De-criplive and Illustrated CATALOGUE puMished. ASPARAGUS PLANTS, 2-yr. and .'J-yr., in quantity. Good and cheap. B. R. DAVIS. Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, 'VUK GARDENERS' MAGAZINE says:— X " CARTER'S LEVIATHAN BEAN MUST HAVE SPECIAL MENTION; the pods attain an average length of 15 inches, and examples over 20 inclies long being by no means uncommon." Price, in sealed packets. 2s. (jrf. per pint ; post- tree, 2s. 9d., from 237, High Holborn, London. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. OSES! ROSES!! ROSES !!!— The best and cheapest in the World. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21.?. Purchaser's selection from 400 be^t varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter. RIMROSKS.— 12 distinct varieties of Double Primrose, one flowering-plant of each for S.t. The common varieties of Double Lilac, Double White, and Double 1 ellow, 2s. per dozen. J3KIMULAS. — 50 distinct varieties of Primula, one tlowering-plant of each fur .5s. CATALOGUES free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS. Nnrsetiea, Aberdeen. DAHLIAS. — Pot Roots, all the best varieties — Show. Fancy, and Pompons — from 'Is. Gd. per dozen; Cactus and Decorative, Cs. per dozen ; my beautiful new Decorative Dahlia of 18SS, Sidney Rollings. 2.':. Gd. each. Trade supplied. — HUMPHRIES, Nurseryman, Chippenham. HRYSANTHEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe. By far the best collection of new luid old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyneux and C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America as the best Descriptive Catalogue. Price Gd. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Medals and 2u First-class Certificates, I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs, Open to purchase neW varieties of merit,- R, OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, Mai.!enhead. HE EARL of SHREWSBURY'S Head Gardener says:~"WE GATHERED CARTER'S LIGHTNING PEA TEN DAYS BEFORE FIRST AND BEST." Price, in sealed packet, 2s. Qd. jter pint; post-free, 2s. 9rf., from 237, High Holborn. London. To the Trade. ~ QUICKS or WHITE THORNS, about ^^ 2,000.000 to offer. Splendid strong fibrous. rooted stuff can be supplied as follows, for cash on rails: — 2-jt old, 7s. per 1000; 3-yr.-old. grand stuff, principally 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, 10s. per lOUO ; 4 and 5-yr.-old, transplanted, 15s, and 20s. per 1000 ; picked for gap stopping, 30s. jier 1000. PRIVET. L5s., 20s., .30s., and 40s. per 1000. BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 fiet, 40s- per 1000; 5s. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Post-ofTice Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE, Nurseryman, &c., Riverford House. Biggles- wade, Bedfordshire. IRMINGHAM PRIM ULA«. — Exhibitors and judges know well that Birmingham Primulas ha>e been for many years, and still are, far aht-ad the best known ; and the varieties Marquis of Lome, Princess Louise, The Queen, Emperor, Lady R. Churchill, Pope's Blue, all rai-^ed by our foreman, Mr. Rose, are still the best known, and, where exhibited, win. No others have a chance. They have won ev.'ry prize at Birmingh.im for many years, except Mhere debirred from competition. Gentlemen, who have not seen a Birmingham Primula Show, we ohall be pleased to send a few blooms, on receipt of 3 stamps for box and postage. Mixed Packets of all the best sorts, &s, ; Ditto, small packet, 2s. 6rf. ; or separate, if required, at 2s. Gd. to 5s. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen, &c.. King's Norton Nurseries, Birmingham. lAA ALPINE and HERBACEOUS AUv PLANTS, 2.5.1. Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting informatioii). Post-free. 9rf. STANSFIELD BROJ., Southport. 196 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [February lii, l^t< to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, to hii large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES. als;o FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS. ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS, &c., which are in fine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans withiu a radius of 6 miles. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. OR SALE, 4 Large ORANGE TREES, in pots, ht>aded over two y<>ar3 ago. Now making good heads. Height of stems, 4 feet 6 inches; diameter of same, midway, 6 inches. No reasonable offer refused.— Apply to D. CROMBIE, PowerscQurt Gardens, Enui&kerry, co. Wicklow, Ireland. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In.beauti- fuUy illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties. Is., 2s, 6^., and f>s. per packet. Collections — Single, ILJ named varieties, separate, 6s. 6rf. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s, to 4?s. per do/., ; Unnamed Seedling-*, 12s. to 2\s per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz.; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers. Forest Hill. S.E. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limite'l) . CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too weU known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AMD SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Hiifhirat© Nurseries. N. Siniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuriiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiirg I PLANTING SEASON. | i HARDILY-GROWN 1 |#OREST, ^RUIT,| 5 \ ALU OTHER = I TREES X PLANTS, I I Evergreens, Roses, &c. I I NURSKRIES 400 ACRES. I I Largest d Finest Stocks in Europe. I = INSPECTION EABNERTLT INVITED. 1 I Priced Cataloques Gratis & Post Free. I ^ Estimates 4 all particulars on Application. = = (LlMITEnl, E i Tlie JViirscriejii, I I Chester^ I I '^■'^'''S/°™i'-'''1DicksoDS Chester, I fltiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiniiiiimiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinS ROSES~20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the Lest kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co. '3 selection, 8«. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18«. to 869. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application, RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM for Coverts and Plantations. AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ALL SIZES. Very low quotations per 100 or 1000. GREEN HOLLIES for FENCES. Sizes and prices per 100 or 1000. Golden and silver Queen, Handsworth and other Choice Hollies, &c. JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. J^ OSES J robustly grown, many thousands to select from. CATA- LOGUE on application. The Nurseries, DICKSONS, (Limited.) CHESTER. RHODODENDRONS. All the leading hardy named kinds, mostly budded. 183..24S., 30fi. to 40s. per dozen. Sweet-scented Greenhouse varieties, well-budded, 2s, Gd., '6s. 6d. to bs. each. AZALEAS. Azalea mollis seedlings, well-budded. 8s. to 9*. per dozen; fiQs. xo UOs. per 100. Ghent and other varieties, well-budded, 18s. to 24s. per dozen. Also GENERAL NURSERY STOCK in the finest condition. CATALOGUES free on application. ISAAC DAVIES & SON. Nurserymen. Ormekirk. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-F0T7R ACRES. APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS, CHERRIES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, lU Stamlards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, 3s. 6rf.. .";.•!., 7,!. id.. 10s. id. Orchard House Trees in pota, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES. &c.. from ;•!. FIGS from Hi. lid. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketcli ot the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms. Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Pr ice, &c., free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., A\' 0 R C E S T E R . THE BRUCE POTATO. The best Potato in cultivation, yielding the enormous crop of 27 TONS PER ACRE. For Price per ton, sack or bushel, apply to — BRINKWORTH & SONS, READING. Appointed by the Raiser SOLE AGENTS for England. Febhuaht 16, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 197 NEW HYBRID CYPRIPEDIUM. MESSRS. JAMES VEITGH & SONS Having acquired the entire stock of the beautiful hybrid CYPRIPEDIUM LATHAMIANUM, ■WTiich was raised by Mr. Latham, Curator of the Botanic Garden, Birmingham. Invite an inspection of the Plants now in Bloom at THE ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. Special and Great Culture of GLOXINIAS. The best Bowing time for this flower iB February. The old Seed-establishment of OSKARKNOPFF&CO, ERFURT, GERMANY, ill send free on application, the Descriptive and RiL-hly lUustmted SEED LIST FOR 1889. Established 1832. Every one « ho has a garden sliould .'-ee this Catalogue, tMntainiug an immense amount of engravings ami useful information. No. ST-ifi. GLOXINIA HYBRIDA ROBUSTA, Finest Mixture. l-3ijth of an ounce, 5s.; or lOiJO Seeds, 8(f. Notice. — All Orders executed n-ith the utmost attention, and carriage free to all jiarts of Grtat Britain. THURSDAY NEXT.— (Sale No. 7875.) VANDA KIMBALLIANA Rchb. f. 1700 CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM. 2000 CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM. ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Eooms, 38, ICing Street, Covent Garden, ^^'.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, February 21, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, by order of Messrs. HrOH Low & Co., a large quantity of CHOICE IMPORTED ORCHIDS, comprising VANDA KIMBALLIANA, Rchb. f., and we have great pleasure in offering this grand novelty which, Professor Reichenbaoh writes, is an " extraordinary introduction of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. It is a fresh species of the affinity of Vanda Amesiana," from which fine species, however, the flowers and appearance of the plant are totally distinct. The flowers ase of large size. Collector writes — it produces from fifteen to twenty flowers on a spike ; colour of petals and sepals pure white, the lip a beautiful rosy-purple, and so profusely does it bloom that young plants 6 inches in height have four bold spikes on them. A full description, by Professor Reichenbach, of this splendid addition to the genus, has been sent to the Editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle, and mil immediately appear in that journal. The plants are in perfect condition, equal in this respect to established plants. Also splendid specimens of what appears to be a gigantic form of the lovely VANDA AMESI- ANA, 20OO CYPRIPEDIUM NIVEUM, 1700 C. BELLATULUM and other CHOICE ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Cataloguea Aik^. N.B. — The above plants were advertised for Sale on Tljn^day l-ast, but postponed on aoconnt of severity of the weather, until the above date. c Oladloll, DalUlaB. Begonias, and SUsoeUanflouB Hardy Plants for Spring Planting. A NT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Special Spring ■Li. CATALOGUE ot the above for 1889, containing all th« new Varieties, is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent post- free, on application to tbemaelvea or their Agents, Messrs MERTEN8 &C0..3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-HilT, London, E.G. ENT-GROWN FRUIT TREES,— Thousands of Standard. Pyramid, Bubh, and Enpalier Fruit Trees, comprising most ot the best sorts of Apples, Hears, Plums, and Cherries ; strong, healthy trees, with good fibrous roots. 600 Kent COB NUTS, larue bushes, 6 feet. 1000 Common LAUREL. 3 feet. 500 Silver KIRCH, 8 to 10 feet. 500 LARURNUMS. 7 to i) feet. Price LISTS of above and General Nursery Stock post-free on application to EVES & LALTON, Nurserymen and Fruit Growers, Gravesend, REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- -Tl. prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, HardT Climbers, Rhododendrons, Conifers, Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, &c., in large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JAOKJLAN and SON, Woking Nursery, Surrey, ''pHE DUKE of NORTHUMBERLAND'S -L Head Gardener says :—'■ CARTER'S CRIMSON BEET 13 splendid for early use." Price, in sealed packets, la, 6rf. and 2s (Srf.. post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London, H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGET-IBLE SEEDS, CATALOGUES free on application, FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH iND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. FINEST OF ALL PETUNIAS.— Magnifi- cent new Dwarf Striped PETUNIA SEED. This is. without doubt, the tiuest strain possible to grow. The plants rommence to bloom 3 inches high, and ard most attractive; scarcely two flowers are alike. Thousands are sold in Covent Garden Market, and acknowledged by all to be the best they have ever grown. Per packet, Is. and 2s. CHAKLES BURLEy, Nurseries, Brentwood, Essex. CTRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. O Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. I C E A CONCOLOR, PICEA CONCOLOR VIOLACEA. These are probably the most beautiful of all Ihe Silver Firs. Imported by us direct from the high mountains of Utah ten or twelve years ago, they have stood the severe frosts of that period without trace of injury. In this respect, as well as being fuller in outline, denser and more recurved iu foliage, and more lovely in colour, they much surpass P. lasiocarpa or Lowiana, seed of which, or of P. graudis, is usually supplied by American colleclors uniler the name of P. concolor. Perfect Specimens of PICEA CONCOLOR. the foliage t£ of which is pea-green, 3 to i feet high. 10s. 6d. each, 904. per dozen ; ditto. 1 to r> feet. Ids. each, l.iOs. per dozen. Perfect Specimens of P. CONCOLOR VIOLACEA. the foliage of which is of a beautiful silvery or glaucose-blue shade, 3 to 4 feet high, 10s. 6d. each; ditto, 4 to 5 feet, ISs. to 31*. 6rf. each. niustrated CATALOGUE of Trees andShrubsonapplicatior. JAS. BACKHOUSE and SON, York. AHLIA, "HENRY PATRICK. "-A fact ■worth knowing, where to get it cheap. Pot roots. 12 for 3s. 6rf. ; 50. 10s. 6-3. ; 100, 30*. Smaller sire pot roots, 12 for U. M. ; 50, 5s. 6d. ; 100. 10«. A few ground roots, 1 for Is. ; 6, 3s. 6d. ; 12, 6s. Post-free, cash with order. Needs no comment. It is the best White Cactus. Gained First-cla a Certificate, R.H.S. W. CROSS. Florist. Newark. Notts. OSES — ROSES — ROSES.— 50,000 extra strong Dwarf H.P.'s in all the leading kinds, 2Is. per 100, £10 per 1000; Marechal Niel's, extra strong, lbs. per d07.en ; Gloire de Dijon, extra strong, 9s. per dozen ; William A. Richardson, extra strong, 12s. per dozen. A few Manetti Stocks to offer at -SSs. per 1000. Ca^h with order. CATALOGUES free on application. C. H. GORRINGE, Roselands Nursery, and 75, Terminus Road. Eastbourne. CHRISTMAS ROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 12s. HEPATICA ANGULOSA, Ss. per doz., Single Blue, 2.^. ; Double Bine, 18s.; Single Pink, 3«. ; Double Pink, 2s. ; Single White, 3s. One flowering-plant of each free by post for ?s. 9rf. MOPJRISON BROTHERS. Nurseries, Aberdeen. RUSSELS SPROUT SEED. — Grown from selected stems, and one of the bet stocks that cm be obtained. Price 3s. 6rf. per lb. Caah with order. Th« T-ade supplied on usual terms. Apply to C. MTATT, Market Gardener and Seed Grower, Harvington. Evesham. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peaa especially), and the liberality of the CoUectioni atFixed Prices 49 eet forth in ineir Illustrated SEED LIST, wiich will be sent Free oa Application. All »e« iS INVITED. Prices low as posBible. Priced Catalogues free. Goods I'lich^d by experienced hmids for all parts of the World. Observe the Christian nmne. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, I'lunt, Bulb, and deed Merchants. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES iSEEDS), Mote than luO named varieties. Also collectioua of same in 12. IS, and 2\ aorti. I.ibt of N.iiues free by post, on application. WATKINS A.VD SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Mc-rrh.inta, Exeter Street, Strand.* London, W.C. WOOD & SON'S SPECIAL PRICES. NEW CUTTINGS of SPLENDID ORCHID PEAT. Prt'p.ired free from all waste (PUEE BRACKEN FIBRE ONLY). 12a. per cask. W. W. & S. CELEBRATED BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. ESPECIALLY SELECTED FOR HAKD WOOD AND STOVE PLANTS, 6b. per cask. VERY SUPERIOR RICH YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM FRESH OUTTIN'G.S. Free ou R:iil (L.B. & S.C.Ry.) 163. per ton. Sample sacks, 3s. I3ii. WOOD'S SELECTED TOBACCO PAPER, IN BOXES. 7 lb. 7s. ; 14 lb. 133. SPECIAIi OFFER.— THE BEST FRESH COCOA-NUT FIBRE Fn e on mil for a 2- ton Truck. 213.: 20sks., 15s.: 40 sks., 28s. Sena for Samples & Wood & Son's List of Specialties, WOOD GBEEN, LONDON, W. SHIRLEY POPPY. Per Paoket, la Post-free Kiiy direct fnmi tli.' Grower, my .S-'ni lnvin- l,,',.!! -t Inl.-d fum Ime.st Jlowtr-t only, asgrowu'at my Shirley Niir-rry Price to tlie Trade On ajjplication. THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant. George St., Croydon. MENDER'S PETUNIAS ARE TBE liEHT. Seed saved from fineat larpc striped flowers, earefiilly hybridised. Habits very ihvarf. Very lloriferous. Awarded Certiiieateof MoritUevonandExeterHort.Soc, 1.S38 HENDER'S SINGLE STRIPED, 1,!. and 2.!. per packet. HENDER'S DOUBLE FRINGED, U. M. and [is. per pkt. Supplieil in sealed packets only. Printed in gold. IIENDER'S VEGETABLE SEEDS (Best Quality) --Peas, from 8rf.; Beans, .W. per quart ; Broc oli, ilrf. per ounce ; Cabbage, id. ; Carrot. Zil. : Lettuce, 6d. ; 0..ioQs, id. per oi. ; 14 vars. Flower Seeds, post-free. Is. Header's Select Seed List Post-free. HEN^DER & SONS, Plymouth. FENCES MYROBALANorCHERRYPLUIVI (PRUNUS JIYItOBALANA) is the best stuff for mendlug old f.^uccs or making new ones, tirowa well on poorest soils. Shoots very hard and spiny.— Prices and lull particulars on application to EWINQ & CO., Havant, Hampsfiire. THE BEST MAIN-CROP PEAS. SUTTON'S DWARF MAMMOTH MARROWFAT PEA. Per Quart, 5s. " Tho Dwarf Mammoth Marrowfat Peas are n great ac- quisition, very hardy, and by far the largest Peas and pods I ever saw, with a fine flavour. I have sent a dish to Bir- mingham, and have received a report which exactly agrees with my own opinion : ' That there is none to equal them in sire and flavour." " — W. H. MoLl>, Esq., Ashford. SUTTON'S MATCHLESS MARROWFAT PEA. Per Quart, 53. "Pods long and broad, well-lilled and freely produced. very sweet and good. A grand Pea for home use or exhibi- tion.'*—Mr. Wm. Pope, Highclere Castle Gardeua. SUTTON'S ROYAL JUBILEE PEA. Per Quart, 5s. " SUTTON'S ROYAL JUBILEE PEA.— This Pea is sure lobe extensively cultivated, as it ia suited alike for the poor man's and the rich man's gardens, and as an exhibition Pea it has few equals. It is a vigorous grower, the haulms being heavily laden with large, hand-ome, sword-shaped pods, containg from nine to twelve large and deliciously- Jiavoured Peas each." — H. W. Wahd. Longford Castle. — Gnrdetiers' Chronicle, August 18, 18.^8. Sutton'sSeeds GENUINE ONLY FROMSUTTONsSONS.READING. Orders value 20s. Carriage Free. CANNELL'S SEEDS. One order — all is praise and recommendations. Not only are ours riper but better, and the chanj?e from our soil adds a vigour and sweet- ness quite perceptible all the season. The fol- lowing are positive proof : — W. CHOULES. Esq., Newbury. February 9. lPfi9. " I received the Vegetable Seeds from you safely. Iflhry prove a.s pood as those I had from you last jear they will lo perfection." A. .T. ELVVORTHY, Esq., Upwell. Wisbech, October 8. 18W. ■■I have again had good success at our annual show on July 2.'> last, taking in all 20 First Prizes." S. N. HARRIS, Esq., West Park, Bristol. January, 1838. "I had a 30s. parcel of your \'egetable Seeds, which ga\e entire satisfaction, the best proof of which is that I enclose herewith another 30s. and order." Mr. J. HUTCHINS, Swanley, October, IfiSfl. " I bought a 9'/. packet of Cabbage Si-e»I from you last August. I sold 1000 tor hs., and have 1-100 s-plendid planlsleft, and hojie to make 10s. and then have enough fur myself. I (hank you for such good seed." E. H. PEARSE, Esq., Foxley Lodge, Purley, Surrov. " I WHS about ordering my sei'ds from the .Stores wheii your Catalogue arrived, and as there is so very little difference in prices, r will lliiiiik you io i-xi'iute uiy order. I should cer- tainly prefer doing business witli you ; there is no doubt about your seeds being lirst-olass." SEED GROWERS AND MERCIIAMS, SWANLEY, KENT. O R C H I D SI Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon ( Burniah), &c., to the extent of £5 and upwards, p.'ielced and shipped (at consignco'.s risk) on receipt of ordiT with reiniU.nme, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINOAPORE, Special care given In packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. FEBRCAnv Ifi, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 199 VEITCH'S NEW LETTUCES Are mott desirable acqmsitiotiSj arid should hf grown in all Gardens, VEITCH'S PERFECT GEM CABBAGE LETTUCE. The best variety for ?unimL>r u-*e. A mo>t di^dnct, compnct-prowiiifi variety, of a rwh deep j^reon colour, forming very early a close, solid heart, beautifully crisp, juicy, and tender, and of excellent flavour. Per packet, Is. 6d. VEITCH'S GOLDEN QUEEN CABBAGE LETTUCE. A small, early variety of a be;tutiful Jimi i.ileasiiif,' ^;oltU'ii colour, literally all heart, ami of part ii'iilarly delicate (lavoiir. Per packet, Is. 6d. VEITCH'S PARIS MARKET CABBAGE LEHUCE. Forms heads quicker than any other sort, and is invalu- able for forcing purposes. Per packet, la. VEITCH'S SUPERB WHITE COS LETTUCE. A magnificent self-folding variety, growing to an im- mense size, of superior quality, very criep, and fine- fiavoured. Per packet, IB. 6d. HICK'S HARDY WHITE COS LETTUCE. splendid hardy variety, large and crisp, excellent for spring or autumn sowing. Per OUUCe, iB. 6d. l^ For full descriptions of the above and other Choice Aoveltiet. see SSED CATALOGUE for 18S9, forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS. ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, 8.W. FRUIT TREES. Special Culture, 60 Acres : Stock QUITE UNEQAULLED. Write for Catalogues. INSTECTION INVITED. DIGKSONS, (Limited) The Nurseries, CHESTER. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of finest named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an unusual sacrifice, growing on land sold to a speculator who is Cutting up the Estate. These plants (under pressure to give possession) are offered at a loss of 60 to 75 per cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagsbot. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it. it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Intitkd. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TODLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate, delivered free by Bail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST PBEE ON APPLICATION. ICISLSOlMrS (Limited) The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, Addbess fob Letters & Telegrams: Dicksons, Chester. 8.S.WILLIA CYCLAMEN. From the " Gardeners' Chronicle " of April 31, 1883 : — " Mr. B. S. Williaraa' group of Cyclamen, exhibited at the Ghent Show, excited general iidmiration, a ciri'uinstam'c that those ■who are acijuaiutcd with his excclli-nl. strain will not be surprised at. His fl.jwcr.s were excidlriiL spcci- mens of culture and selection. It waa awarded u GULD MEDAL valued 100 francs." ,f:r^^-. /M «ii Per Packet.— s. il. CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Williams' superb strain, 1/6, 2/6, 3/6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Albert Victor 2/6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM album 2,6 & 6 0 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, BrllUant 2 6, 3 6 & B 0 CYCLAMEN PERSICUM, Crimson King 2,6, 3/6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM album 2/6, 3/6 & 6 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM Aurora (new) 2/6 & 6 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM compactum 2,'6, 3,6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM 2,6, 3 6 & 6 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM, mixed 2 6 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM purpureum 2,'6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM, Rose Queen 2,'6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM roseum 2/6, 3,6 & 5 0 CYCLAMEN GIGANTEUM nibrum 2,6, 3 6 & 5 0 This iiiiperb strain has been Jinoxon to the Horticultural World for the last .32 years, and has received more Gold Medals and Awards than any other strain in existence, ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1889, Gratis and Post-free to all applicants. UPPER HOLLOWAY,L0NDQN.N. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price Sd., Post-free 3id. W. RICHAPDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strana, London, W,C. Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16, 1889. JAPANESE FLOEAL ART. 'T^HE inartistic character of the work of souie -*- English artists, who essay the delineation of flowers, is one of the most obvious certainties of the present day. The various exhibitions, year after year, proclaim, with a solitary exception here and there, an astounding ignorance of the merest rudiments of floral-architecture among artists — and eminent artists, too. Conglomerations, highly suggestive of models in Turnips stained red, are more often than not catalogued as Roses, when they might be Pseonies, double Kanunculi, or many other things — a fact which, at all events, demonstrates the utility of a catalogue. And the same objection holds good with nearly every other example of floral art. Stiffness, exaggeration, and the most artificial notions of arrangement, are the besetting sins visible on all sides. But perhaps the acme of unintentional caricature is most frequently found in the picture in which floral subjects play only a subordinate part. It may be that English art, so far as we are just now concerned, is in a transitory state, and so, like the Socialists, we must hope for the " good time coming." We have been induced to commit these few remarks to paper, after having interested our- selves in the charmingly simple and effective character of the floral art of Japan, which, in nearly every possible particular, is distinct from our own. As a consequence, a systematic com- parison between the two is scarcely feasible. When it is remembered how much we owe to Japan for a long series of startling novelties, and how characteristic some of these novelties are of the artistic tastes of the Mikado's country, it will be superfluous to apologise for introducing the subject into these pages. The premier position, however, of the Japanese as floral artists is not only due to an innate perception of the beautiful and the picturesque, but also to the system of education employed in the country. The Japanese write with a brush, and not with a pencil. W'hen they are writing, 200 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Februaet 16, 1889. they never rest the paper upon a desk or table, but hold it in the hand; and consequent un- restrained use of the arm is accompanied by a freenesB of motion and precision of touch which are absolutely unknown in this country. The very fundamental principle of our method of drawing is wrong, for we are taught to delineate forms by the agency of an un- pliable pencil. In Japanese drawing there is a characteristic crispness and touch, and a life-like vigour and angularity, which is con- spicuously absent from all European art. Mr. Dresser, in his admirable work on Japan, repub- lishes a sketch of Wistaria to indicate the quali- ties which we have just enumerated. The angu- larity, he points out, of its leaves, the tree winding of its stems, and the firmness with which the buds jut out from the parent stem, give an impression which no other treatment could achieve. The preference of the Japanese for leguminous plants as objects for artistic treat- ment is rather remarkable ; and this class shares with the Chrysanthemum, the Peach tree (which is emblematical of longevity), the Lotus, and the Pfeony (which symbolises the produce of the earth) chief honours with the artists of China's sister-empire. In the Buddhist school of artists the value of flowers, either as primary or secondary objects, is everywhere apparent. In nearly every picture in which the Japanese idea of heaven or heavenly bodies is pourtrayed, the leaves or the flowers, or both, of the Lotus are represented. In many pictures of a more mundane type, however, Peaches and branches of Bamboos are common. But in each of the several schools the importance and the effect of flowers are not overlooked. The Sesshiu school, which is rich in landscapes and flowers, if one of the smallest, is also one of the most select. The founder, from whom the school takes its name, was born in 1421, and is regarded as one of the most eminent of landscape painters, but he also excelled in painting flowers and birds. He appears to have been one of the earliest who painted designs for the arrangement of flowers in vases. At the present day, in fact, in Japan the artistic diplay of flowers holds rank with music and painting, and it has also its special professors of literature. There is a charming painting in the British Museum, of To-sen, after Sesshiu, dated the eighth year of Horeki (1758), from which it will be seen, in the system of arrangement, that branches of trees, natural or trained into capricious shapes, flowerless or with flower in bud or blossom, held an all-important place in the grouping, and that the receptacles made to hold them offered a remarkable variety of form.* The whole art, however, with its numerous appliances, is of Chinese origin. Until well into the present century it did not seem to occur to English, or, indeed, to European artists, to draw upon the inexhaustible stores of the vegetable kingdom, which is so rich in variety, form, and colouring. From what we have said it will be seen that the Japanese, and particularly the Chinese, are quite four centuries ahead of us so far as excellence is concerned, and perhaps many more centuries ahead in regard to artistic merit and fidelity to Nature. In putting forward a plea, however, for a radical improvement in the principles of floral art in this country, and in indicating the excel- lence of Japanese efforts, it should be under- stood that there are good and bad pictures from Japan as from elsewhere. The innumerable fans and various articles of commerce which • 8e« Anderson's Catalogue of JapantK* Paintingt, p. 373. meet our view on every side, bear the same relation to the higher class of Japanese Art as do the vapid scribblings of an amateur author to the best work of the experienced and travelled littirateur. The opportunities of studying the great masters of Japan and China are within the reach of everyone who cares to examine the rich collection in the British Museum. W. R. New or Noteworthy Plants. CYPRIPEDIUM CASSIOPEx, «. hyb. Some time ago I received a hybrid Cypripedium, believed to have originated from C. Hookerse and C. venustum, and which I described as C. Atysx. Briefly it had the leaves almost of C. Hookerse, but the flowers were much more like those of G. venustum ; and, as the majority of hybrids approximate to the characters of the seed-parent in their vegetative organs, I have little doubt that C. Hookers was the seed-parent. Messrs. Seeger & Tropp, of Lordship Lane, Dulwich, now send me the reversed cross ; C. venustum being the seed-parent. It is one that has just flowered, as they remark, " out of our batch of seedlings, the plants being C. venustum xHookerrc."' Although clearly derived from the same parents as C. AtysX, the characters of the two parents are very differently combined in our novelty. It has the leaves almost of venustum, proportionately a little broaderperhaps,and the characteristic markings below less distinct, but those on the upper surface are as pro- minent. The peduncle, too, is more elongated, and a little more hairy, than in venustum ; also the ovary is a little longer. The upper sepal has the markingi of the same species, but is relatively broader ; the petals narrower, more conspicuously nerved, with from four to six spots only on each, and the light warm brown of the apical portion replaced by a purple similar to that of Hookeras ; cilia as in venus- tum. The lip is mucb larger than in venustum, the characteristic nervation almost obliterated, and the whole more suffused with purple ; the margins of the side-lobes have also acquired a number of light purple spots, not seen in venustum. Staminode a little larger, a shade less deeply notched, and the markings a little more conspicuous. All these cha- racters have been noted from a comparison with fresh flowers of the seed-parent. It is most praise- worthy that the records of parentage should have been carefully preserved, for it enables us to see the curious way in which the pollen and-parents respect- ively affect the oflspring. R. A. Rolfe. Masdevallia Couetauldiaka X , n. hyb., Angl. This was kindly sent to me by Mr. F. Sander, and is another success in hybridisation effected by Mr. Norman Cookson. It is dedicated to Mr. Sidney Courtauld, of Braintree, an enthusiastic lover of Masdevallias even of the most modest ones. It is a cross between M. rosea and M. Shuttleworthii. The secondary axis is more than half an inch in length, and bears a well stalked, cuoeate, oblong, blunt, acute, very strong leaf, which is 3^ inches in length, including the stalk, which is nearly I inch in length. The breadth is nearly 1 inch, the peduncle is longer, and bears a fine flower of delicate colours, whose shape may be compared with that of Masdevallia Reichen- bachiana, though the free triangular parts are larger. It has a long wide tube, broad triangular parts, which are nearly equal to the tails. The upper part of the tube, as well as the triangular part of the upper sepal and its tail, are light brownish-copper-red, the three principal nerves being keeled and brown outside. The opposite part of the tube and the equally-tailed tri- angles are of a very fine light rose colour. The petals, lip and column are very small and white, the lip and column has a darker tint. Petals ligulate, blunt, with an apiculus at the tip, and with a descending square for>t inside. Lip pandurate, recurved at the apex with a blunt apiculus and a channel in the middle, white, with indian-purple spots and an indian- purple apex. Column white, clavate, with a denti- culate border to the androclinium. There are some indian-purple spots on it. Upper part of the anthers iudian-purple. On the inside of the base of the tube where the mentum is scarcely developed, there ts an oblong white area with numerous small purple or blood-coloured spots. The flower is equal to that of a good Masdevallia rosea, yet the general shape with the broad free triangles is nearer those of Masdevallia Shuttleworthii. It is an interesting fact that Masdevallia rosea, Dr. Lindley's pet, now claims fresh acknowledg- ments. It was Mr. C. F. Lehmaun's merit to bring . it over alive, even from a shipwreck. There was then hardly any material evidence, as a good friend declared Masdevallia rosea to be quite like M. Harryana. Pcrcant scquentes. This is the finest system for quenching the enthusiasm of the best collectors. It was kindly sent by Mr. F. Sander, Now, as to M. Shuttleworthii, recent collections of Mr. W. Kalbreyer have satisfied me that it may be united to M. caudata as caudata Shuttleworthii, and th« typical M. caudata may be called caudata Gudoti. It is exceedingly rare. I have had it from Mr. F. Sander and from Mr. Kalbreyer also. H, G. Eckb.f, Ehia mahginata, Rolfe, n. $p. This is a pretty little Eria, belonging to Lindley's section Cylindrobulbon, sent from the gardens of J. Bonham Carter, Esq., at Adhurst St. Mary, near Petersfield. with the information that it was received from Burmah, with Ccelogyne iuscescens. The little group to which it belongs is marked by the few-flowered racemes, and large, coloured, or petaloid bracts. E. Lindleyi, occasionally seen in gardens, is a typical example. The follow- ing are the characters of E, marginata : — Plant about 6 inches high. Pseudobulbs slender below, 4 — 5 lines diameter above, subterete. Leaves three to four, subterminal, lanceolate-oblong, sub- obtuse, 2i — to 3 inches long, about 10 lines broad. Inflorescence from lower leaf-axil, villoae, with white hairs, two-flowered. Bracts broadly elliptical, subobtuse, 6 lines long by 4 lines broad, petaloid, bright ochreous-yellow, less hairy than the pedicels, which equal the bracts in length. Sepals subvillose, oblong, subobtuse, 7 — 8 lines long. Petals some- what narrower, and, like the sepals, white, faintly flushed with pale pink. Lip three-lobed ; side lobes narrow, with subacute apex ; front lobe suborbicular, villose with short hairs, a short broad claw separating it from the side lobes; crests consisting of an oval hairy patch at the base of the front lobe, and behind this a broad, fiat, and hairy plate, with rounded apex, and a more hairy central line. Colour pale yellow, with crimson-red margin, which is especially distinct and sharply defined on the side lobes, the hairy crests deej) yellow, the basal or plate-like one also lightly margined with red. The name marginata is given in reference tn these characters. R. A. Rolfe. A NEW FRUIT. Australia is not rich in indigenous fruit trees, in spite of its vast area and variety of climate. What it may be centuries hence, when gardeners and hybridisers have done their work of evolution, may be surmised rather than foretold. There was n time when Europe had not many fruits, in the modern sense of the term. When pomologists began their useful labours is an interesting specula- tion for the archrcologist. Whatever be the result, it must be acknowledged that a beginning must have been made with the native fruits of the earth ; and 80, no doubt, our Australian kinsmen will turn to good account the Kunzea pomifera, of which, through the ki'jdness of Baron Sir Ferdinand Mueller, we give an illustration (fig. 36). " This little shrub," writes the Baron, " yields the Muntries of the aborigines, and is one of the few realty valuable fruit plants indigenous at the south coast of Australia. Indeed, the plant would be Fedrcarv i(S, issb.l 'MB gaudenehs' chuonigle. 201 worthy of being naturalised on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and elsewhere in mild coast rej^ions. It prefers sandy calcareous soil. Thi- fruits are of a peculiar acidulous aromatic taste, and very extensively collected by people settled on tiie coast for the purpose of jam making. As the plant has the charm of novelty to horticulturists perhaps it miiy bf ^vurthy of being illustrated in your famous GardiiKiii' C/ironiclf." The genus Kun/.ea belongs to the great family of MyrtaceiC. One or two species are in cultivation here, and K. pomifera "might readily be introduced. As will be seen from our cut, the fruit is not unlike that of Eugenia I'gni, and the flavour of the fruit is, as it seems, not dissimilar. throw out the soil from the inside to ju6t below the bottom of the frames, giving the bottom nearly the same slope as the frames; I then lill them with leaves from the heap collected the previous year, along with any others that may have just fallen ; these are firmly trodden, -.ind the frames are just so far filled up as will allow for 8 or V> inches of soil, being put into them, the top of the soil being about .'i or G inches from the glass. I aim at having the tops of the foliage of the phints just about 4 inches from the glass. The soil that was thrown out is put back on the leaves- an equal deptli all over. That soil, be it remarked, is good rich mellow soil, for although I crop the border during summer, with certain kinds of vegetables, I manure Fig. oG. — KUNiEA POMiiEfiA: gbeenhouse :>Hacu with ediule purple 1 nuiT : nai. sue. (->ee p. liOO.J VIOLET CULTUEE. (Contimied/ron p. 174 J Prepahinu the Frames. -I will now suppose the time for putting the plants into frames has come round. The first half of September is, perhaps, the best time, although I have gene- rally put it oif until the third week, frames and lights not being at liberty till then. It matters little what size the frames are ; if they are large, it means more plants; if small, fewer plants — that is all the difference. In choosing a situ.ation for the frames try by all means to get one as high and sunny as possible. I set my frames on a border facing the south ; it has a good slope, and I give the frames as much slope as I can towards the sun without causing the lights to slide ofT. I sink the frames to half their depth in the ground, and then I it lieavily, so that it is m good heart, and the very best material to plant in. 1 use double light frames, with a one-light odd one, in which I put the varieties of which I have only a few plants. But joiner-made frames are not absolutely necessary ; li inch boards will do quite as well^they may be even thicker ; but the thicker the boards the more inside space is lost. As it is well to have the lights flush with the outside of the boards, it would be better they should project a little at the bottom, to run the wet clear off. One board, if deep enough all round, will do ; if not, then two, one above the other ; the front ones need not be so deep as the back and sides, and the slope can be easily made when fixing the boards, which should be done by driving in posts, so many outside and so many inside, jamming them hard against the boards to keep them steady ; if properly driven, nailing will not be reiiuired. Bearing ratters as in ordinary frames will be reijuired to slide the lights on ; let them be dovetailed into tlie boards as in frames. Brick-built pits, if filled up like frames, will also suit very well. Violets may also be put into frames ou the top of spent hotbeds, on which Melons and Cucumbers and other things have been grown. Turf- built pits will also do for the purpose, but very few amateurs will be able to command a sullicient i|uan- tity of that material, so that I will not do more than mention it. It will be seen from what I have stated that nothing in the shape of liotbeds is necessary, that is my experience, and I do not hesitate to say that it is even hurtful and should be avoided. In case I may be considered by some to have to a cer- tain extent committed myself, because I use a con- siderable depth of leaves, and because it is well known to gardeners that leaves alone will make a mild hot bed, I will just say that the quantity used will hardly give off any apjireciable heat, and they are not used with that intention, but simply because they make a diier and kindlier bottom than a great depth of cold soil. Putting the Plants into the Fhames. In lifting the plants from their growing quarters, the spade is put down straight on four sides, of the plant, and the last time, the spade is prized down, and a square mass with the plant in the middle is raised ; a little of the rough edges and bottom are then taken off with the hand, and the plant set on a hand-barrow, and so on, until the barrow is full. They are then carried to the frames, a hole is made at the top of the frame, either with a small spade or a planting-trowel. One plant after the other is put in, and the soil packed firmly about them, keeping the same slope as that of the soil. I generally make a mark along the top and down the sides of the fr,ame,about4 inches from the glass, and aim at keep- ing the tops of the foliage on a level with this mark. The distance from plant to plant, is according to size of plant ; I generally place them so that I can get some packing between ball and ball; I find that leaves a nice space for the foliage of each plant. It is not good to crowd them one on another, as that may conduce to loss of foliage by damp. When tlie frames are filled and made tidy, I give a good watering with a rose-can, pouring it on gently, not allowing it to run down the surface of the soil. The sashes or lights are then put on, tilting them up at the top at the same time. I never keep them close, nor shade, except there is very strong bright sunshine and drying winds combined, and then only for a few hours for a day or two. The after-treatment con- sists in giving abundance of ventilation all day, and night as well, if the weather be genial and not frosty. I very rarely give any water after the first good watering until the middle of March, but this is a damp locality, and it is not required ; but I have no doubt it will be found necessary to water in some places, and wherever it is necessary to do so, let it be done with the spout of the can — do not use a rose, and pour it on very gently between the plants, not on them. The plants will themselves tell if they want it by their appearance, as they will flag, and have an altogether distressed look. Kunners, as already mentioned, will have to be frequently taken off, and tiiat worst enemy -damping off — will have to be carefully watched for. Pick off the damped leaves as soon as seen, and dust a little powdered charcoal on the affected plants. The Lancaster, Preston, and Kendal Canal, la within 100 yards of my frames, high up above them, and the Biver Kent down below, on the other side, say, distant 500 or 600 yards, so that any one might think I should be terribly troubled with damp, but it is not the case. I have sometimes thought that the use of leaves only, and entirely dispensing with dung in any form, has helped me considerably. I would never use dung in any case; leaves have a far more kindly action on the plants. I consider heating material very hurtful to Violets. All they want is a little protectiou from frort; in fact, they will not stand artificial beat in any form— that 1 hav.- fuuni 20:^ fiJE GAiRbENl^iiS' CiinONiCLE. [FEBRcAnv lli, 1889 out by growing them in pots in the hothouses. In severe frosty weather cover the lights with mats, old carpets, or old sacks sewn together. I never use mats more than two thick, and that only in very frosty weather — thatched hurdles, or even litter only uiav be used, but litter is always blowing about, and looks untidy. I have sometimes banked up the soil round the outsides of the frames, sloping it down and clapping it firmly with the spade. Tliis is a good thing to do to keep out frost, and the only ob- jection I have to tlie practice is, that when ladies pick tlie flowers they have too far to reach, and the soil, should it be wet, spoils tlieir dresses. I prefer to allow the mats to hang over far enough to be fas- tened down with something heavy in windy weather. Flowerinq Violets in Pots. My practice has been to lift the number of plants required from among the others grown for frames. I have never used a leas size than 8-inch pots, the plants being so large that to have tried to get them into a smaller size would have spoiled them ; I have even had to take 9-inch pots for some of the plants. The pots are drained in the usual way, with a little rough stuff on the top of the drainage to keep it clear; the corners of the ball and some of the bottom are gently rubbed off* with the hand ; it is then slipped into the pot, and the spaces filled up with the same soil, and made firm with the fingers. I have reserved a double light frame for them made up in the same way as the others, plunging the pots just over the rim, giving them a good watering at the same time. They can be allowed to come well into flower in that position, and taken thence into the rooms or wherever they are wanted ; and let m2 say that a single pot of Violets with, say, a dozen or a dozen and a half of flowers on it, will scent a very large room. They will require the same attention while in the frames as the others, and that is the only way in which I have succeeded to my own satis- faction in growing Violets in pots. I have tried to gently force them into flower— fine big healthy plants, too — and the result was plenty of leaves for a while, but very few flowers, and very poor ones they were. If greenfly comes on them, and if smoked, the plants soon begin to have a sickly appearance. I have also tried them in the coolest house I have, viz., a Rose-house, and I must say they were much better there ; and from two beautiful rows nearly the whole length of the house I could pick a bunch pretty frequently all the winter through. There were not less than fifty 8 and 9-inch pots altogether, but although the plants were faultless and continued to be healthy, I could see that, even cool as the house was kept, it was more than they liked, the simple e,^;- clusion of frost seems too much for them. There- fore I give the preference to plunging them in frames, and allowing them to come into flower there. The conclusion I have arrived at with regard to flowering Violets in glasshouses is this, that the warmth sets them into growth instead of flower, even in houses wliere frost is only just excluded. It is eimply anticipating the natural season of growth, for at the end of March or beginning «f April growth begins in the frames and tlie flowering ceases. The plants by that time have fulfilled their function and are preparing for the future. The Sinolk IlAnDY Kivcs. 1 find the best way to grow the single varieties is to adopt the same plan as for those grown in framee, lifting them, with good balls, at the same time, or later, if the place where they are to flower is not empty, planting them about a foot apart. I have had the plants so large that I had to allow them nearly 18 inches ; before they were lifted they met in the rows, and fearing damaging, I gave them more room. They do well at the foot of hedges much better than at the bottom of walls, as the wind gets at them from all sides, and keeps them drier, and so makes them so much the more able to with- stand the frost. They would do perfectly well where they Were grown, if the ground could be spared. Wherever they are put let it be a sunny situation, whether at the bottom of a wall or hedge ; and from plants grown in that way the grower may look for a good supply of fine long-stalked flowers. Another way of managing is simply to divide the plants after flowering, always, of course, discarding the old centres ; manure and dig the border, and plant them in again about 6 or 8 inches from plant to plant each way. They sometimes do very well that way. They can be grown in beds in the open very well, but as I am writing chiefiy for amateurs who will hardly go in for that wholesale method I will not enlarge upon it. From the foregoing it will be inferred that I do not approve of Violets standing over year after year without being at least lifted, divided, and planted afresh, although I have tried them that way, and in many places they stand very well, and also flower well, but the flowers are small and short-stemmed, and cannot compare with those grown as I have described in the two former methods. I strongly recommend all who wish to have fine specimens to try the first method. There is no difference in the labour and trouble between the first and second methods if the p'ants can be allowed to flower where they have been grown. If thj,t cannot be then the difference will be the lifting and planting again ; surely not a heavy task to the lover of a first-rate bunch of Violets. In writing these cultural directions I have pur- posely avoided using technical terms common among practical gardeners, so that my meaning might be as clear as possible to amateurs generally. Although I have written tliese cultural directions chiefly for amateurs, I hope they may be of use to professional gardeners who have not cultivated the Violet in the manner herein described ; and to them the following remarks will apjily more than to amateurs in general. In localities subject to late spring frosts, .and where the summer bedding out of the flower garden cannot be safely begun before June 1. then plant out Violets at the time stated in a previous page. If, on the other hand, bedding out can be begun by the middle of May, or earlier, then plant them before begin- ning bedding out, but I think there is nothing to be (gained by the earlier planting, except the forwarding of the work of the garden. In most places all hands are employed at the bedding out, and for some time little else is done, and after the bedding is finished, arrears in other departments have to be worked up, so that it is well to have the Violets planted out before the summer bedding begins. With regard to the heading of " Flowering Violets in Pots," I would remark that the plants are not grown in pots, but simply put into them to flower. I have never grown them all through in pots, and therefore cannot say how they would do, nor do I care to do so, knowing how well they do the other way. And now my task, which has been a pleasant one, is drawing to a close, for who can write or speak of Violets without thinking of their sweet perfume ? It seems a great deal to write on such a simple subject, but I want to be as explicit as possible. J. Henth, Scdgewick Ilonsr, Ki'inW. and the ship, not finding any purchaser in Reunion, was obliged to take part of its cargo to Mauritius, where it was eventually sold at great loss to its owners. Such an unfortunate incident resulting from carelessness, caused great inconvenience and was not calculated to act as an encouragement to tree planters to make other demands for Western Australian timber, and, indeed, our colonists have but themselves to blame in the matter. Hitherto, the exportation of timber from Madagascar had been prohibited by the Hova Government, but since the cessation of Franco-Malagasy hostilities, large forest and land concessions having been made to foreigners, that prohibition no longer stands good, and it is to be expected that before many years are over Reunion and Mauritius too, will look solely to the vast forests of Madagascar for their timber supply. The proximity of the islands would naturally offer special advantages to such a trade. ' THE TIMBER SUPPLY TO REUNION. The following interesting note on the timber supply to Reunion is quoted from a recently printed Foreign Office Report ;— " Western Australia," it is said, "once stood a good chance of supplying this colony with timber, but tlie apathy shown by our traders on the Australian shores has led the inliabitants of this colony to apply elsewhere, and it is evident that Madagascar will now be looked to. As a matter of fact, it may be mentioned, that some planters in Reunion last year, asked for a quantity of timber from Western Australia, giving instructions as to quality, dimensions, &c. Greatly to their disappointment, when the ship arrived laden with their much needed cargo, they found that not one single beam was of tlie dimensions they had asked for. They naturally refused to accept the timber, R08E8. THE MOSS KOSE. It is delightful to see the claims of the Moss Rose to a more prominent position in the garden, put forward, as they deserve to be, by "Rosa," on p, 84. It may need courage, as "' Rosa'" says, to make the statement that of all Moss Roses the original variety is the best, but assuredly, on consideration, no one will venture to contest it. Larger ones have been raised, butthey lack the grace of the original; darker ones, but their moss is comparatively as nothing; more vigor- ous, rampant growers, but how dull their colours after the freshness of the old favourite ; pure wliite flowers, but generally their moss "is sicklied o'er "with a pale tinge of yellow, from which even their foliage is not wholly exempt. Perpetual blooming varieties, too, have been raised and put forth with high en- comiums, but they are like certain fussy dames that must always be present everywhere, and on every occasion, lest it should be forgotten that they are handsome ; lacking, as they do, that perfect beauty which is remembered during a long absence, and which can afford to retire for a period from the public gaze without any risk of failure, to euchaia all eyes upon returning. Of all the myriad Moss Roses that have been raised, summer and autumn flowering sorts, varied in colour, form, and character, none has surpassed the type ; the flower that was originally "robed in Nature's simplest weed," is still the most graceful in form, the most fragrant, the best mossed, the moat pleasing in colour, the most constant, the easiest to grow, makes the most mess of your coat if you attempt to wear it in your button-hole, — is, ia a word, the most beautiful and the most lovable of all the Moss Roses in the world. Ves : there is only one Moss, — and one other. And the other?— Blanclie Morean. U, of course ! " Chcrche:: lafcmuir .' " Well, anyhow " Rosa " cannot steel his heart against the fair Blanche ; if he admits White Bath as a " noble companion ' for the Moss Rose, he will not deny .Blanche Moreau to be a worthy consort. Granted that the original is the Moss Rose (why is it, by the way, that our English epithets should be so singularly unfortunate? Why must the most exquisite of Rosebuds be described as " old " or " common ' ? The sweetest of all Roses still goes by the offensive name of " Old Cabbage," in spite of the long-standing protest of the I'resident of the National Rose Society. " Common China" is not more descriptive of the charming Rose, whose form and delicate tints could hardly be reproduced in the finest porcelain, and we have many such infelicitous appellations. Might not thp original Moss, that custom so clumsily styles " common " or ' old," be sufficiently and gracefully described as " the Moss Rose," since all others have their varietal names to distinguisli them ?), yet Blanche Moreau may well be allowed to be the other one. As a plant it is handsomer than the tjp", and as vigorous with the excejttion, perhaps, of Lanei, as any of the t'EBliUARV 16, 188S.] TBE GAUD ElsfE US' CBHONlCLE. 253 varieties ; it does not early shed its foliai;e, its buds are of graceful form. and. though the petals are pure white, thev are covered, not like so many other white kinds, with yellowish moss, but with moss most delicate, and having warm brownish tints upon the Rreen. Were all the other varieties to be lost to-morrow, the Rose world would be comparatively little worse off, provided there were left an abundance of the Moss Rose and of Blanche Jtoreau. Nothing could be more charming than a great bed or mass of these two beautiful Roses, especially if grown on a plan that succeeds better with varieties ot this class than is the case with almost any other kind of Roses, namely, when the shoots are left moderately long in pruning and are pegged down over the entire surface of the bed. 'The plants may be treated exactly like Easpbtrry canes, tlie old wood that has flowered being cut away, and the new shoots of the previous season being pegged down. It is of great advantage in this mode of culture to have the plants on their own roots, as the bed will then in course of time become filled with sucker?, and so avoid any possi- bility of gaps. Also it must not be forgotten that Moss Roses are fond of good living, and at the time when the old wood is cut awav, all pegs and stakes should also be temporarily removed, and a substantial top-dressing of manure lightly forked in over the surface of the bed, before the young wood is bent down into its summer position. If, for the sake of the luck in odd numbers, a third varietv were admitted, such a bed might well be bordered with Little Gem (W. Paul, ISSO), the most beautiful of the small-flowered Moss Roses. Although a perfect miniature. Little Gem has an excellent constitution with a compact bushy habit of growth ; the buds, which are well mossed, are produced in the utmost profusion, and their rich crimson colour renders them exceedingly distinct and at- tractive. Such a Moss Rose bed would be infinitely more effective in the garden than a mixed collection of many varieties, and would afiurd also a far moie serviceable supply of buds for cutting. There can be little doubt that at one time raisers lost sight of the essential qualities of a Moss Rose ; moss was sacrificed to mere size of bloom ; constitution was, to a great extent, overlooked ; many varieties were sent out that will not grow ; some that should never be allowed the upportunity to do so. But so long as there is an abundance of the Moss Rose and Blanche Moreau, with Little Gem to represent the miniatures, the raisers who will ignore the fact that the cliief, if not the only, beauty of a Moss Rose is in the bud (as in the expanded flower the distinguishing feature is concealed), may do their worst, and Moss Rosebuds will still continue to be one of the crowning glories of the Rose garden. Theta. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM ALBl'M, &c. A riXE plant, of this pure white variety, with four flowering growths, is now in bloom in the eoUection of W. Houghton, Esq., Hoe Street. "Walthamstow, where Orchids generally are very well cultivated. A fine plant of Cattleya amethystoglosa has eighteen of its large flowers on one spike. They are wax-like blush-white spotted with crimson. A number of interesting hybrid Cypripediums are just commencing to flower; the first to do so is one which is a cross between C. Lawrenceana and a variety of C. bar- batura. Lyca<=te Skixnkbi at Maioh JIason's. So great a favourite is this species at The Firs, Warwick, that 1100 plants of it are found in the collection of good showy Orchids. Some of the specimens of Lycaste carry flowers far into the summer, but the chief display is made during the period of November to February. Out of the numbers which were bought as newly imported plants, Major IMason has already flowered three fine pure whites, and a rich selection has been made of the coloured varieties, some of which are very bright and showy. Some novel varieties have been flowered, which soon after the blooms open turn back their petals naturally, resembling those we sometimes see that have been turned back bv the hand of the gardener in order to show the rich colouring of the inside of the petals. Some fine Cattleyas are now in bloom ; and going out of bloom was a novel and beautiful L;i;lia anceps, with feathered petals of a rich crimson, the two lower sepals partaking of the colour and character of the lip. A specimen of (_)iicidiuni splendidum here also bears thirty very large yellow flowers. J. O'Bricit, SoPHROMTliS ViOLACKA. It is strange that the popularity of Sophronites grandiflora and its vaiieties is not reflected to a greater degree than it is on this equally elegant and beautiful little species. It is figured in the Botanical Mar/azine, t. G8S0, and the plant from which the plate was prepared is now flowering at Kew. Although the flowers are not so large as those of S. grandiflora their distinct colour renders the plant well deserving of the little space and attention it requires. The flowers are 1.^ inch in diameter, and are produced singly or in pairs from the top of the small, ovoid pseudobulbs of the preceding year. They are almost regular, the lip only being slightly broader than the oblong-lanceolate sppals and petals. If the plant under notice is the typical form, the specific name is misleading, as the flowers are not violet ; neither, strictly speaking, are they rose-coloured, as stated in the Botanical Magazine, but, more correctly, of a bright purplish-rose. The leaves occur singly on each pseudobulb ; they are narrow, coriaceous, and about 4 inches long. The plant, which is a native of Brazil, thrives in the cool-house; and a block of Teak, to which a little sphagnum is attached, seems to adequately meet its requirements at the roots. W. B, MiLTOMA (Odontoclossum) Bleuana X . At the meeting of L'Orchideenue at Brussels on February 10, a Biplumc f/'//"»»ffir was unanimously awarded to M. A. Bleu, of Paris, for this result of a cross between Miltonia vexilJaria and M. Roezli. The sepals and petals are broader than those of M. vexillaria, and the labellum has ex- cellent brown markings. Tiie flowers are white, and the violet marking on the petals of JL Roezlii are much increased and intensified in the hybrid. Otherwise the plant is inter- mediate between the two species. At the same meeting First-class Ceitificatea were awarded to JL Peeters for Cattleya Triaoa: var. Baillonville, to Madame 0. Block for Lycaste Skinneri Blockei, and to M. Linden for a fine Phalcenopsis Schiller- iana; and ISecond-class Certificates to M. Linden. M. Peeters, and M. Warocquu, for other handsome Orchids. In spite of the frost and snow, flfty-two good exhibits were sent, and the meeting was well attended. L.i:LTA GOCLDIANA, A new Orchid, so lovely in flower, so graceful in growth, and so distinct from its congeners, does not appear frequently even in these days, when Orchid novelties are of almost pvery-day occurrence. A glorious new La^Iia, blooming in midwinter, has been added to the list, and thf-re is ample room for it, since there are at the time it flowers comparatively few in bloom. . . . The fusiform two-based bulbs bear a resemblance to those of L. albida, whilst the flowers resemble those of both L. autumnalis and L. anceps. The slender flower-stem is tinged with a purplish hue, and grows from 1 to - feet high, bearing as many as six flowers. The very broad but pointed petals are quite a distinctive character of the flower, and, together with the pointed sepals, are of a splendid deep rose-pink, intensified at the tips. . . . The large trilobed lip is deeper and richer in colour than the petals, to which the waxy white- ness of the side lobes serves as a contrast. . , . Under culture we find it an exceptionally free grower. , . . T^'e grow it in a Cattleya-house with other Ltelias of a similar nature. The active growing season com- mences in May. and from that date until the new bulbs have fully developed the plants require close attention as regards watering and maintaining the atmosphere moibt. Until the flower*6pikts have quite formed the plants must receive abundance of water, but during the flowering period and after- ward until April the plants must be kept dry when the resting season ends. Rcickcnhachia. DeNDUOBIUM NOBILE SaNDEHIANOK. This new variety combines large size of flower and splendour of colour, in which it is superior even to the variety nobilius. In Sanderianum the flowers are of a glowing purple, and the network of veins is very strongly marked. The broad labellum is adorned with a very dark blotch, bordered by a rich rose-purple, merging gradually into a pure white ; while the bases of the petals also are white, not purple, as in nobilius and other varieties of nobile. We recommend j)ot or basket culture, and in the case of small specimens tliey should be sus- pended under the roof. The season of active growth is front March to September, and it then requires a moist and warm atmosjdiere, ranging from 70° — 85°. The plants must be watered copiously, and it is better to soak them thoroughly at intervals rather than to give frequent driblets, as it induces the plant to root more freely. When the new growths are developed, the plants must be kept cooler and drier ; a light place in an airy vinery is then the best place for them if the temperature does not fall below bb*^. Water should be withheld gradually, and none must be given during the winter until the flower-buds begin to swell ; then the plants must be taken to a warm, moist house, and the routine described above repeated. Rcirhcnhackia. Dendrobium 7ETUAG0NUM, F. Muell. A specimen imported from Australia, and sent to me by Mr. B. S. Williams for determination, proves to be the above curious species, of which a figure may be found at t. 5956 of the Botajiical Magazine. That, however, represents the plant with solitary flowers, while the piece now sent has a three-flowered raceme. Some of the Australian species are noto- riously difficult to grow, which may, perhaps, account for a weak plant being reduced to the solitary- flowered condition, in which state I have seen the plant on more than one occasion. The pseudobulbs are very remarkable, being sharply four-angled, with somewhat concave sides — hence the name. A pair of dark green elliptical leaves is borne at the apex of the pseudobulb, the inflorescence being also ter- minal. The sepals and petals are light yellow, very narrow, the former about \h inches long, the latter a little shorter. The lip is three-lobed, the side- lobes rounded, the front one revolute, and broadly triangular-cordate. Colour very pale yellow, with numerous light reddish bars behind, and a few spots in front. Down the centre runs a light yellow thickened line, which, in its basal portion, consists of three minute linear keels, placed very closely together. R. A. R. AyuR.ixuMS. During the past few weeks various species of An- grrecums have been at their best. Occupying the first position amongst them as regards beauty is A. sesquipedale — an indispensable plant in a warm house. Of a different tvpe, but also very desirable, is A. eburneum, two fine specimens of which are flowering now at Kew. The bold, stiff habit of the plant, with its long spikes of ivory-white flowers closely set in two opposite rows, make this plant a striking object. Several plants of the variety virens are also flowering. This is not so handsome as the type, its flowers are not so large, and it has all the parts tinged with green. Both species are of easy growth; they require to be firmly placed in large, well-drained pots in a mixture of clean sphagnum and charcoal, and well suppli-^d with water through - mit the year. That no genu* presents a greater diversity than Angr^cura in the size of its flowers is well exem- plified by another species, also in flower — the old but rarely seen A. pertusum, a native of Sierra Leone. This Angrajcum has a spii.e 6 or 7 inches long, denstly packed with small whi-i^h flowers, which are not more than a quarter of an inch in diam.tcr ; the 204 THE GAliDENEBS' GHIiONICLE. [February h\, 1889. spur is about the same length, and is curiously inflated at the apex. Phal.t:nopsis Growis'g at Prince's Park, Liverpool, and at Kew. Recently an opportunity was afforded me to inspect the collection of Orchids of D. de Ybarrondo, Esq , an enthusiastic collector. In every house there were subjects of interest, but the chief feature of the place was the collection of Phal^nopsis. Much has been written of late on the cultivation and management of these plants, but with all due respect to those who ascribe their success to the use of salt in the houses, I do not think that it is everywhere due to its use, oris brought about by any particular contrivance in or upon which the plants are grown. To be brief, I maintain that it entirely depends upon the position (not aspect) in which the plants are placed. Admitting the observance of suitable atmospheric conditions, if the positions be rightly hit upon, it is immaterial what they are grown in or upon, so long as ample space be pro- vided for root development. Otherwise, how is it that many of our leading j:;rowers fail with them? It would appear to be useless to lay down any precise method for the guidance of others with regard to methods of cultivation, seeing that when these are carefully carried out in every detail failures have been the rule rather than the exception. I could relate several evidences which would prove the im- portance to these plants of position, and one of which bears directly upon my note. Some time ago an attempt was made by Mr. Smith, the gardener at Prince's Park, to grow the Phalxnopsis in another house, and I need hardly add that no pains were spared to bring about satisfactory results. However, despite all the care and attention bestowed on them, they soon began to show signs of decline necessitating their removal to the house they now occupy. A similar instance occurred at the Koyal Gardens, Kew, several years ago, and any fair-minded person acquainted with that establishment will bear me out wheni state that — at least, so far as the houses to which the public are allowed access, are concerned — Orchids are there grown under great difficulties, especially the Phalaenopsis, They had a fair trial in these houses and in the old Orchid-pits adjoining, also in the new ones built on the same site, but also without much success ; and, lastly, were placed in one of the propagating-pits, where I suppose they will remain, inasmuch as they soon showed signs of returning vigour, and are at the present time in a condition which will compare favourably with many others of repute. However, to the subject of my notes. Many fine examples of P. amabilis, Stuartiana, Schilleriana, Sanderiana, violacea, &c., were observed, but un- fortunately the recent fogs have spoiled the flower- buds, yet the perfect leaf development compensates somewhat for the loss of much of the bloom. In the warm-house several well-grown examples of Vanda Sanderiana were observed, and fine plants of AngriECum sesquipedale in flower. The collection is rich in Lailias — many dark forms of L. anceps were in flower, including the var. alba, and a plant bearing a four-flowered spike of the superb var. L. Sanderiana. Miltonia vexillaria and i\I. Iloezlii were very fine ; some of the latter species were flowering freely. In the cool-house a great number of Odontoglos- 8um crispum were in spike, and others too numerous to be mentioned. Dendrobiums included some well- grown specimens, especially of D. Dalhousianum, which had made growths of upwards of 6 feet in length ; an almost white sport of D. devonianum was here to be seen. F. Askton. VIEWS IN THE GARDENS AT THORPE PEKROW. [See Srppi,B>tEXTARY Sheet.] Thk suijplementary illustrution to the present nura- ber represents portions of the spring gardens at Thorpe I'errow, 15eilall, the residence of Sir F. Milbank, Bart. The beds are well filled with a variety of spring-flower- ing plants, amongst them being the fancy Polyanthus, which is represented to the number of about GOtMJ plants, in great variety of colours — yellow, white, mauve, and crimson. Pansies, Auriculas, Myosotis di8siti9ora,|&c., Valeriana Phu var. aurea, for a yellow- foliage plant, has been used rather plentifully, but of late the yellow Polyanthus has been more employed it being very much its superior. Bulbs are also used liberally, but no beds are wholly tilled with them. The four beds round the old sundial are planted with the silver Arabis, they are also plenti- fully filled with Tulips— two with red, and two with yellow. The border is thickly planted with Scilla sibirica, a mixture which has a charming eflect, the unsightly stem of the Tulips being hidden. Hyacinths are used in the same way to match the col lurs among the Polyanthuses. Scilla sibirica is grown here in immense quantities, forming thick masses round beds, and borders of shrubberies. These bulbs have been propagated in such quantities by sowing the seed yearly — sometimes as much as a quart of seed has been sown at one time, the method of doing it being to draw a drill 3 inches deep, and in which the seed is sown. It is afterwards left to Nature, and in the third year a good lot of flower is obtained, and in afteryears the whole lot of plants produces flowers, and becomes a perfect mass of blue flowers. Xarcissus, too, are grown in large quantities all over the garden. For the above particulars we are indebted to the kindness of Mr. W. Culverwell, the well-known gardener at Thorpe Perrow. The sundial spoken of above dates back to the middle of the last century, its history — so far as it is known— being courteously supplied to us by Sir Frederick A. Millbank, Bart,, in the following letter: -- " The sundial was originally placed in the garden of a farm called Saddlebow, situated in Lunedale, North Kiding of Yorkshire, and was purchased from the proprietor by Sir Frederick Millbank. The following inscriptions are on the square block of stone ; — " On the top—' Made for Saddlebow, whose Lat. is 5145.' " On east side — ' Ut vita sic itmhra.' " On west side — ' Ut hora sic vita.' " On south side — ' Bum spccta/i f agio 1747.' *' On north side, ' This fourfold index of swift time On which ye shadow veereth round Should men excite to themes sublime Since none but shadow here are found.' "The index showing the time is on the top, east, west, and south sides." To give our readers a fuller idea of these fine gardens, we reproduce a view (flg. 37), of the flower garden as it appeared a few years since, and which also shows the beautiful background to the garden formed by the park and its vistas. worm. An error is made by some cultivators in not ventilating the frame suthciently, which in itself is a grave error, and is weakening to the plants, besides encouraging greenfly. The lights ought to be drawn o'ff* the frames whenever the weather is dry, and indeed at all times during the day, except when frosty winds are blowing, when it is better to merely tilt them on the side opposite to the direction of the wind. The soil should be moderately dry when used for potting, and it should consist of loam four parts, decayed stable manure one part, leaf mould one part, with a little sand, and pounded charcoal. When the plants are repotted, place them in the frames until mild weather occurs in April. Carnations out-of-doors are weak this year, the seedlings very much so, especially those planted out previous to the heavy rains of July last, the rains in the last week having been very disastrous to them. The Carnations and Picotees which were under glass have been mainly relied on to give us a supply of plants. The Carnations should now be propagated by cuttings, and the plants so raised grown on steadily without check, when hy the end of the season they will have grown into strong stuflT in 7 and 8-inch pots. J. Douglas. Florists' Flowers. The Weather.— Severe frosts .and much snow Were the rule over great part of this island on Sunday last and three following days. In Monmouth on Tuesday morning the thermometer registered 20"^ of frost, in Surrey the temperature fell equally low on that day, and at l^ungeness the cold registered was 21°. At the time we write the snow is disappear- ing rapidly. THE CARNATION AND PICOTEE. The plants of named varieties, potted in September and October, and placed in frames, have passed through the winter very well so (ar. The season 1888 being a late one, the old plant! were not removed from the house wliere they had flowered until the layers had been taken off. Those plants which were layered in the borders did not root early, and many not at all. The potting soil should be prepared in .January, or at least six weeks before using it, taking care to search it garefully for wire- Colonial and Foreign. — --♦ — NEW SOUTH WALES. Bush Cle-^ring — Orange Culture. — The orange orchard is looking well. We had a heavy fall of rain a fortnight ago, which gave the ground a good soak- ing, and went to the bottom of the light loam. The trees when planted were budded. When the frosts were over I went round with a pair of pruning scissors to cut the top off about 2 inches above the bud. The sprouts are now about a foot high, and I have tied them to the stakes. When 2 feet high I shall nip off the tops which will case them to shoot out in two or three branches. The Stocks throw out numerous'suckers which have to be nipped off from time to time. Very few weeds have shown up at present. The trees are attacked by numerous parasites whicli have to be removed. Some of these are aphis, two or three sorts of spiders and caterpillars ; the borer, which eats into the stem, and has to be prodded out with a wire ; and lastly, a curious parasite called thrip (scale). It is very like in appearance to those small conical shell-flsh one sees glued on to the rocks of any seashore, but is only about l-16th inch in di.ameter. The 5 acres on which the house stands are very nearly cleared, and the fencers have commenced work on the west side. The timber was very heavy, and I have obtained enough posts out of it to fence round the whole of my land, irrespective of the posts and rails for the 5 acres itself. I have let a contract for fencing the rest of the property, which I thought it was expedient should be done as soon as possible on account of having to divert two tracks, and to prevent anyone settling on the land, vidijo, "jumping," in my absence. . . . There is a lot to learn in bush work. Take two bushmen of equal strength and experience, the one shrewd and the other a dullard, the former will clear a piece of ground in half the time that the latter will take, and he will work out twice as nuicli fencing stuff. The contract for clearing, jdoughing, or harrowing the ground was taken at £1.'3 )ier acre, the clearing being sublet. The first thing to do is to rake up the leaves, of which there was a deep deposit. These form a valuable manure. I have had them tipped between two of the rows in the orchard for fear of Are. The saplings were then grubbed out, and those run- ning to 20 feet removed off the ground and stacked, to be used eventually for a trellis for Passion Vines. The others either cut into lengths for fire- wood to be stacked near the house or burnt off. The smaller trees were then grubbed out, and those of suitable timber and straight in the grain were split into fencing rails. Trees not suitable for Febrcahv 10, 1880.] THE GARDENERS' CHBONICLE. •205 Splitting were cut up for burning. The large trees only were now standing. The soil was removed from their roots, or the butt, for about 2 feet high and the roots near the butt were chipped all over with an axe. The trees were allowed to remain for the sap in them to fall, and splitting the rails was gone on with in the interval. Logs were then drawn and piled round the trees and fired, and they were burnt down generally in about forty-eight hours. The largest tree was about '6 feet through. When down My assistant and 1 had to turn out last Tliursday to assist in putting one out, the thermometer stood at 105° in tiie shade, but the heat of the sun was for- gotten in the heat of tlie lire. We managed to put it out or rather stop it after an hour's hard work, and returned as nearly baked us live men can be. ,V. St. LtJCi.\. A botanical station was, says Nature, established early last year at St, Lucia on the most unpreten- Already the demand for Cocoa, Cotree, and Nutmeg jilants is so great that additional land will have to be acquired for the extension of the garden. TuiNfDAD. TIieZ?;/7/,'^"«(Mo. fi) oftiieKoyal Hotanic Gardens is devoted to an account of the method of culture of Tobacco, by Mr. J. C. Kspin, who was for many years a planter and manufacturer in Cuba and .Jamaica. The pamphlet is eminently practical, and FlQ. 37. — THE FLOWER-GARDEN AT THORPE-PERROW. (sEE P. 204.) they were sawn Into lengths and split with wedges into fencing posts. The tops of the trees are cut up, piled into large heaps and fired. Last night and to-night we have had huge bonfires blazing all around, I hastened my departure from Sydney on purpose to be present at this burning off, as I feared for the safety of my cabin. For two days we have had the front of the house draped with wet blankets, but the danger is now past. Terrible bush fires have raged in this district and all over the country this summer. Moat of my neighbours have lost fencing or out- buildings, but I have so far escaped very luckily. tious footing. A committee appointed to supervise the work of the curator, Mr. John Gray, reports that, "considering the difficulties incidental to the starting of such an undertaking, the peculiar nature of the ground, and the limited funds available for the purpose, the work thus accomplished is satis- factory." The committee says that the most encou- raging feature of Mr. Gray's report is the general appreciation shown by the agriculturists of the dis- trict in the success of the station, as shown by their increasing disposition to seek advice from the curator, and to try and obtain seeds from him. should be studied by all who propose to undertake the cultivation of this plant in our warmer colonies. Agri-Horticultdral Society of Madras. The Proceed 17UJS of the meeting held on December 15, 1888, contain an interesting account of the his- tory and progress of the Society, which owed its origin principally to the enterprise and energy of the late Dr. Wight, The Society has done good work in introducing and distributing useful and ornamental plants, improved varieties of Cotton, Tea, Sugar-cane, and other plants. The Society 206 THE GAtiDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Tebruary 1G, 1889. also raised vast numbers of Casuarina trees for planting on ttie sand-dunes on tiic coast north and south of Madras, " now the source of almost the whole fuel supply of the town— the power which moves the railway-engine and the spinaing-raill, cooks the rich man's banquet and the poor man's rict^." Mr. Gleeson is the present superintendent of the gardens, and under his direction various im- provements are to be carried ont. The cyclone which occurred ou October 31 was of a most destruc- tive character, causing great damage to the trees and garden structures. THE JAPAN LACQUEK TREE (liHUS VEKMCIFEUA). A GOOD deal of attention has been given from time to time to the old .Tapanese lacquer-ware, some ■verv fine examples of which are contained in the South Kensington Museum, and a very complete set, showing the whole process of its manufacture, is exhibited in the Ke.v Museum. At the time this collection was got together, a lull report was pre- pared to accompany it, in wliich the mode of extract- ing the lacquer from the Khus tree, and the entire process of lacquering, was described. Considering the very large quantity of modern lacquered goods that now come to this couirtiy from Japan in the shape of boxes, tjays, dower-stands, vases, &c , it would seem to be of some importance that the trees which yield the varnish should be preserved, and we now learn from a report fi-om Hakodate that as it was considered that the Lacquer tree (Rhus verni- cifera) would not succeed in tlie North, the few trees first planted were not looked after; but last year 357 young trees, averaging from o to 11 inches in girth, were tapped, and the yield was fairly satis- factory. The amount of sap was less than the eame number oi trees of a similar size would have yielded further South ; but the proportion of water and foreign matter was only one-fourth, while the sap of southern trees is jaid to be generally nearly half water. After refining, the lacquer was also found to give a very high polish, and it is, therefore, intended to promote the growtii of tlie tree as much as possible. The young trees planted last year amounted to 150,582. The Herbaceous Border. PHLOXES. These, like most other ganl-^n flowers, had been much improved of late years, and the best sorts are among the most valuable plants any one can have in a border; but to get their trusses of bloom as fine as they are capable of being produced, the plants must have special treatment, and be kept well away from the roots of trees and shrubs, which rob thera to such an extent as to starve them and make them quite poor. For exhibition and special purposes the best way is to prepare a piece of ground for growing them by heavily manuring it and trenching it up to a depth of IS inches or 2 feet ; but in doing this the subsoil should be kept below, as to bring this to the top — as is too often done — checks the plants at the first by its inertness till the roots can get through. In casns where they are to be planted in borders holes of a large size should be dug. and the same manured, and the top part returned when the plants may be planted. These can be obtained from most of the nurseries, and it will be found that some of them have several ehoots, and all except the strongest may be taken off for cuttings and propagated, or the plants divided as soon as the side shoots have rooted sufii- ciently, as those with one stem invariably send up the beat heads of flowers. In borders, however, where Phloxes are grown more for show, several stems should be left, but it is always advisable \.u limit them to three or four, and witljoqt tlijs thiur ning, plants that stand long %\\vo\i up a RiflSS* Being moisture-loving subjects, they must have plenty of water during summer, and especially towards the time o( blooming — a season when liquid manure is of great service — and to facilitate the giving uf this, or water, and prevent the plants from suffering after, they should have a mulching of some kind, which will prevent washing and evaporation, and keep the ground cool. Herbaceous Phloxes are readily increased by seed, which may be sown now in heat when plants can be raised which will bloom in the autumn. J. S. Plants and Their Culture, Plants i'or House Decoration. — The general stock of these should be examined, the required number selected, and fresh stock propagated when this is found to be necessar}'. Most of the Aralias and Ek'ivdendrons are graceful subjects for the room and the dinner-table, but they do not in all cases strike readily from cuttings, as, for instance, A. elegantissima, A. Veitchii, A. lepto- phylla, A. Kerchoveana, and these, and others like them, it is best to increase by grafting on the ready-rooting A. Guilfoylei and A. retic- ulata. This operation of grafting ia better done in the early spring months, but it may also be under- luken after the young shoots have gut nearly ripe. The operation is more successful when the grafted stocks can be placed in a propagating case, or hand- glass, in the propagating pit. Any naked-stemmed plants of species which strike freely may be headed down, and the shoots so detached made into cuttings. The shoots which sprung from the cutback stock may also be taken and propagated in the same way, when they have attained to a partly mature condition. Put them into pots of sandy peat soil surfaced with sand, under a bell-glass, and in bottom-heat of r'^.3'^. Crotons may be propagated, as they strike now very readily. Healthy, clean, well coloured points of the shoots should be selected and inserted in small pots, using plenty of sand in the soil. These early struck plants soon become of use if rapidly grown on. Crotons are excellent in effect in plant houses when intermixed with Palms and Ferns. All un- sightly DraCiPnas should be cut down, the tops being inserted as cuttings under a handglass in bottom- heat. Put to each a stake to keep the cuttingsteady. The old plants, if plunged now in a mild bottom- heat, will soon produce shoots which may be utilised as cuttings or reduced in number to form a head. Asparagus plumosus may be divided if that be pos- sible, or increased by removing slips with a heel of the old growth attached, and which will soon take root. Cuttings will also strike readily at this season. Cyperus alternifolius and C. a. variegatus may be divided, repotting the pieces into small pots, and young plants may be raised by pegging down the tops of old plants on pans of silver sand, choosing the best coloured and largest leaves. The sand should be kept very moist. Cupania fiUcifolia is a useful subject, and should, if naked or too large, be cut down and treated like Aralias, cuttings being taken when about half matured. Pandanus Veitchii, P. V. variegatus, and P. javanicus may be increased by taking off the shoots found at the base of mo;t old plants. These should be furnished with a hpel of old growth, anl should be inserted in very small pots in a mixture of silver sand and sifted loam, making the cutting quite firm. It is good practice to put a pinch of sand at the base of the cutting, and care should be taken to prevent drip falling on the cutting, and not to give much water till it is rooted. Hinf^ 071 thr Plants in the Grecnhoitse. — Any repotting found necessary, as well as training. should now be carried out without much dehiy as regards the hard-wooded plants. In dning so, carefully remove the old stakes as the training proceeds, and use as few new stakes as possible, so that injury to the roots may not ensue. Winter-blooming Kpncrises that were cut back and have since started into {growth should be repotted, and planed in n close liouse or pit fur a time, or until somewhat established. Epacrises that have been taken to the conservatory should not be allowed to remain a day longer alter the best part of the flower is passed, it being difficult to keep them in a healthy growing condition if ouce they are neglected. Aspidistras which have lost colour or require a shift into larger pots should now be divided and repotted, putting them into an inter- mediate-house for a time, care being taken not to overpot after dividing the plants. The temperatures ' named at the early part of last month will still apply to this department — 45*^ toTiO"^ at night, allowing a rise of 10° during the day in mild weather. Afford air very carefully on days when frosty winds blow. ^ All the newly potted plants should, as a general I rule, be kept rather close for a tiuie, the house free ' from draughts, and water supplied but sparingly to the roots. Consrrvaiun/. — Many of the large bulbs will now be advancing into bloom, and should receive some assistance by using Clay's fertiliser or some otlier manure in the water supplied to the roots ; Lache- ualia ])endula and L. tricolor will be greatly assisted thereby, Amaryllis when in bloom should be kept in a dry atmosphere, so that the colour of the flowers may not fade. Spiraeas when fully developed should receive abundance of v/ater. Deutzias ought to be forced slowly, so as to obtain the greatest profusion of flowers ; and Callas may receive liquid manure at the root occasionally. The general stock of bulbs for late conservatory decoration may now be ex- amined, and gradually brought to the light, placing some of them in a cool place so as to retard them. Forcing-pit. — Many plants will now force more treely than at an earlier period, and should be intro- duced to the forcing-pit as required. Gueldres liose if forced slowly, is a very useful plant; also Staphylea colchica, Prunus sinensis fl.-pl., Kalmias, Andrn- medas, Persian and Charles IX. Lilacs, and the early flowering varieties of Rhododendrons ; these plants require very similar treatment when forced. Conservatonj Creepers. — These plants in the green- house and conservatory, before they commence to grow, should be thinned out wliere crowded, and re- gulated. If scale and mealy-bug be present effectual means should be taken to exterminate them. The inert and loose soil on the borders may be removi d, and top-dressing of suitable compost done. Plants not thriving should be retubbed or repotted, and if planted out replanting will be found necessary some- times. For the conservatory Abutilons are very pretty as pillar plants, and they grow quickly. Bignonias are good plants for the roof. Plumbago capensis is always acceptable for its colour and freedom of blooming. Cuttings may be propagated from the young wood, shortly. P. rosea does best when treated as an intermediate or stove plant. It has much decorative value in winter in the warm con- servatory ; cuttings of it may be struck early, so as to produce long Howenng spikes before the autumn, and it is better to propagate itannually.throwinganay the old plants. Bougainvillea glabra will grow well in the warm conservatory, and at this period of the year its weakly growths may be removed. Habro- thamnus elegans should have a place on a wall or pillar, and be well supplied with liquid manure when growing, and the border or pot is full of roots. It should be kept free from scale. Cuttings of Varieties of Habrothamnus takenwith a heel attached will soon strike. Lapagcria shoots may be taken down if .scale be present, and dipped in sume insecti- cide, the plants being top-dressed afterwards. Do not injure the young points pushing up under the surface of the sail. Tacsonia insiguis. Van VuIn- eniii, and exonienais, also Tecoma capensis and T. jasminoides, are useful for roof decoration, and are graceful subjects. \V. ]Vt/lhcs, Sioit Hoitsr Gardens, Brent /'or (I. The Flower Garden. Cannas. -There are few foliage jdants easier of propagation and cultivation than these, and yet they are not so generally grown as their merits would warrant, tiiven a rich open soil, a sheltered po>i- tion, and a moderate amount of attention in regard towattriiig in diy weaiher, and &t»kiiig lo prtMit t'le plants being injured by wind, there is no sub- tropical that excels them in beauty. The manner in which they are most commonly planted--in huge masses— may have deterred some persons from grow- ingthem ; but this is by no means the most eflectivo way of using them, for they look infinitely better when planted so thinly that each plant can be seen by itself — a mode of planting which necessitates the use of other plants in conjunction \vith the Cannas, in order to fill ont the beds, and X\ie niogt euitabb Ffbucabt 10, 1889.] THE GABDE NEBS' aiJBONlCLE. 207 plant I Iiave ever used for the purpose is the massive whito-foliaged and low-growing Salvia argentea. The very large leaves of this plant, and the contrast of colour between the Cannas and the Salvias make up together a pretty whole. Another effective way of using Cannas is, to plant them in small groups on the lawn. A group of five or seven plants, arranged in a sheltered recess of the subtropical garden, has a charming effect, and though I have not used them in this way, I have no doubt but that they would look quite as beautiful planted on the lawn between shrubbery clumps. The one essential condition to their doing well is shelter. Old plants lifted from the beds in the autumn, and which have been win- tered in cellars or sheds, sliould now be brought out, and the linest crowns selected. Tut these selected roots into Iidxcs or pots, and start them into growth slowly, and liy planting-out time, at the end of May, they will be nearly tull-grown, making a tine show at once. I'lants raised from seeds are of but little value the tirst year, the plants being very small ; but in the second year they will grow to their full size. Sow the seeds in strong heat at once, and, as they vegetate, pick out the earliest in the seed-pots, and pot them on as required, planting out in June, for, although the plants will be small, they will do good service if planted near the margins of subtropical beds, and will grow much stronger than if kept in pots the whole of the summer. My experience of the new race of dwarf, large-flowering Cannas, is limited to seeing them planted out in one garden only, but from their appearance there I think that they will prove to be desirable plants for the flower garden. A well-drained bed and rich soil are the ch.\ei desiderata. LUium auratum. — These are now to be bought at such a cheap rate that 1 ought not to be thought extravagant in advising that they be used as bedding plants ; for the last two seasons we have so used them, and no flowering plant has met with greater appreciation. That they seem to be in their most appropriate place in the herbaceous border I readily admit, and would not like that they should be ousted thence, but, for the sake of variety I plead that they also be used in the bedded-out garden. Having a number of beds in this garden arranged in what, for want of a better term, I call the pro- miscuous mode — i c . plants of many kinds are planted in mixtures, with just sufficient regard to formality to hinder tall plants from destroying the effect of dwarfer ones, or, in fact, of causing an uneven balance of either foliage or flowers. In beds arranged on this principle three clumps of this Lily, of three bulbs each, produced a most telling effect all through the month of September last. They were also em- ployed in large vases, and though they flowered somewhat irregularly, that is, at different times, yet owing to the free use of other tall-flowering plants, such irregularity was hardly noticeable. The bulbs for the beds, arranged after a formal pattern, were selected as near of a size as possible, and by this means we had them nearly all in flower at the same time. The bulbs may now be planted, and in no case should planting be deferred later than March. W. Wildsmith, Haokfidd. Fruits Under Glass. Strawberries.— Plants swelling their fruit should have the latter thinned, leaving from six to ten fruits, according to the strength of the crown. Water liberally with warm manure-water, and keep the plants from draughts of cold or frosty air. Straw- btrries in fruit may now be pushed along, with a night temperature of 65°, and an increase of 10° by day, shutting up with a genial moist atmosphere ; a slight syringing will be beneflcial in the morning. Plants in bloom must have a warm dry air to set their flowers, and a temperature of 50° to 55° at night; ventilate freely on sunny days, being very careful that these or other plants in any other stage of growth do not suffer for want of water at the roots. Examine them both before and after being in bloom for aphis, and fumigate if necessary. I have found later in the season a very small white thrips, scarcely to be distinguished with the naked eye from the small white seeds of the fruit. It is very destructive, the fruit changing to a brown colour when attacked by them, the skin hardening so that it cannot swell, and the fruit becoming worthless. Pumigation is the best antidote for the pest, and it should be applied as soon as it is discovered. I may say, in passing, that I do not find the tobjicco-paper so strong as it was since the alteration insisted on by the Govern- ment of the amount of water allowed to be present in the paper. Pumigation repeated four times, will scarcely kill greenfly now. Where forcing is canied on in low and damp houses mildew is very apt to put in an appearance ; this can be destroyed if on detection it be dusted over with flowers of sulj'hur. If mildew reach the fruit it will leave a hard white patch, completely spoiling its appearance, and preventing further development. Maintain, therefore, in such houses a drier atmosphere, with a freer circulation of air on all favourable occasions ; this will be found of great assistance iu keeping mildew at bay. i'ontinue to intrnduce more plants as before advised, washing top-dressing, &c., and if any worms are found to have effected an entrance to the pots give a water- ing with lime-water before removing them to their quarters. MAM'Hh' Water. Dung-water is such an important factor in ordinary garden work, and especially in forcing, that I will say a few words about making it for syringing, and for watering plants in pots. Procure a large stink- ing butt from a brewery, cut it in two ; each half will hold 54 gallons. Place the tubs on some bricks raised off" the ground in a position near a water-tap. Put 2 bushels of sheep's or deer's-dung in a dryish state iuto a bag, and a bushel of soot into another. Place these in one of the tubs, put in sufficient hot water to cover the bags, and when thoroughly soaked fill up the tub with cold water; this will make a liquid of a light brown colour, which, when mixed with clear water, may be used for syringing, damping down, and watering. Of course, no water of that kind should ever touch the fruit. It being clear it will not clog the soil, and when the tub gets nearly empty, give the bags a turn over, and fill up the tub with water. The other t;nlf-butt may be used to hold lime-water, which is made by putting a bushel of fresh lime into it, and filling it up v/ith water, allowing the latter to settle before use. Mixed with clear water it is handy for watering occasionally, but on no account may it be used for syringing pur- poses. W. Bennett, Banijemorr, Burton-on-Trent, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Apricots. — If pruning and nailing be finished the borders will now require attention, before the buds get too forward . Old trees should have a good top-dressing, first removing the last season's mulch- ing and a portion of the top soil. If possible give a dressing of bone-meal, and cover up with some sweet turfy loam that has beeu stacked a year and some lime rubble, treading all down firmly. In warm localities, and where the soil is light, it is advisable to mulch early with rich manure, but in cold districts this is better deferred till later in the season. The foot- paths may be carefully pricked over to the depth of .3 inches, "to prevent cracking of the soil later, and to give a neat appearance. Any trees intendtd to be grafted this season should be headed back without further delay. Select strong healthy shoots for scions, and heel them in till the proper time arrives for grafting. In heading back the branches to be worked upon do not cut them back to the main stems, but leave from 0 inches to 18 inches, according to thickness ; the smaller the branch the neater and better will the union be. Should frosty weather continue, and there is any soil required for late planting purposes and for tnp- dressing trees, advantage should be taken in getting it lemoved to spots where it is wanted, so as to have it in readiness when the weather permits the work to recommence, ryrnmids and cordon Pears worked on the Quince and Apples on the Paradise stock, should be top-dressed, especially those which have cropped heavily. Trees rooting near to the surface ought to be well top-dressfd annually. H. Mart/mm, Mereworth Cattle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. KHrEAEB. — Where much Rhubarb is used in winter it is necessary to make a fresh plantation every year, planting Linnieus, Mitchell's Prince Albert, and Victoria, which are the best varieties for forcing and for general u^e. The Victoria makes a ^ood succession to the first-named varieties. Like all other vegetables. Rhubarb likes a change of soil, with deep cultivation and plenty of manure. When the ground has been got ready, and the requisite number of oHsets for planting secured by splitting up old stools into single crowns, these should be planted at not less than 4 feet 6 inches apart each way, and no stalks should be gathered if it may be avoided, for two years afterwards. At the end of the second year the plants will be available for forcing, although they will be much finer the third year. Old stouls which have bten forced should be thrown away, forcing having practically exhausted theni. Sfakali'.'-'{'\\c old system of blanching Seakale on the ground when it grows is in many gardens discarded, but still any strong crowns not required for forcing may have an inverted iiower-pot or Sea- kale pot placid over them, a little soil being drawn close round the pot to exclude air, and a sod placed un the top to exclude light. Where forcing to any great extent is carried on it necessitates the making of a fresh plantation of Seakale every year. The best plan to secure good plants for a new plantation, is to sow seed on a well-prepared plot of ground this month, if the weather be favour- able. Plants can also be securtd by planting the s^hoots which were removtd from the plants that were lifted from forcing, and this is the commoner wiiy ; but these do not make such strong shoots as one- year-old seedlings. The seedlings, after lifting them from the secd-btds, should be planted with a dibber at a distance of '1 feet between the rows and 12 inches from plant to plant in the row, keeping the crowns about \h inch below the surface. A slight dress- ing of salt or nitrate of soda given in the growing season, just before rain, will greatly benefit the plants. The flower shoots must be carefully cut away as the plants push into growth, and these stalks make an excellent vegetable unblanched. Oniovs. — Take advantage of the first favourable day when the ground is in workable condition to get in this important crop. If it has been ridged, so much the better I level the ridges with forks and rake the surface smooth with wooden rakes, re- moving all rough matter; then tread the ground evenly all over, and again rake it. when the quarter will be ready for drilling. Drills at 12 to 14 inches opart which will be found a good workable width, should be made \\ inch deep. Some blood manure may be sown broadcast or in the drills tit the time of sowing. This year the seed, which is of questionable germinating power, should be sown con- siderably thicker than is usual; cover in the dril's with the feet, trampling the soil with the feet at the same time. Slightly rake the land in the direction of the drills to prevent the surface caking under the tftVct of sun-heat. Transplant winter Onions on to a piece of well prepared ground, tread and level the ground in a similar way to that which is sown. In planting make the "hole deep enough to allow space for the roots and make the soil firm about them, but being careful not to bury the bulb. Do not trouble about the plants falling over, for when they begin to grow the leaves will soon stand upright. Shallots a7id Garlic should be planted on the same quarter as the Onions, in drills about 12 inches apart as for Onions, place the bulbs about 9 inches apart in the rows, and draw the soil up to the top of the bulb. They will have to be frequently examined, as worms, frost, and birds disturb them before roots are emitted, but afterwards no removal will take place. Parsnips. — This crop should now be got in as soon as the ground is in a fit state. A still day is in- dispensable for sowing Parsnip seed and when a suitable day arrives the ground should be forked over and levelled, boards being used to tread on if the ground is not quite dry on the surface. The drills should be made \\ inch deep, and at 18 inches apart, and a small quantity of blood manure mav be sown over the land aft-^r sowing lie seeds. If the ground be in good woiking order, the drills may be filled-in with the feet, but in case it be stickv, fill in with the dry potting-shed soil. Where exhibition specimens of Parsnips are desired, a tapered stick, ?>.^ inches iu diameter at the top, and about 2 ft et 6 inches in length, should be used for forming holes at 14 inches apart; each hole should then be filled with a rich compost passed through a 3. inch mnshf-d sieve, and made quite firm in the hole; on the top of this soil, four to six seeds should be placed, to be reduceil to one ;t thinning time. The Student. Hrdlow Crowne*'. Jersev or Guernsey, and Ellacnmbes Improved a?e ■well tried varieties, IK, M. Jlaitlie, Uiton iioo, Beds, 20R THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [FEBHtAHY in, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper he (guaran- teed for advertisements occupyini; IcfS space than an entire column. SUBSCRIBERS TO 'TSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ■*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint ). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERU and OTHERS. Fost-ujfice Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Rust Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. OARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " GARDCHRON, LONDON." APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ■ ♦ • MEETINGS. THl'RSDAy, Fi h. L'l— LiiiUfan Society. SALES- Barvins Park CoUeotion of Orchids (oontinuetl), at Protheroe, & Morrid' Eooms. Rose-i, Fruit Tree^, Greenhouse Plants. Conifers, &.C., at the City Auction Room-i, by Protlieroe & Morris. ^Established and Imported Orcliid* (two day), and Roses, Fruit Tree^, ' Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulbs. &c., WEDNESDAY, Feb. 20-^ nt Stevens' Rooms. Nursery Stock, at the Jlelverton Nursery, Leamington, by Pro- V theroe &. Morris' (two days). ( Lilies, 40,000 Liliura auratum, Greenhouse Protheroe & (Lilies, 40,000 Liliura e V r>r-^ oi J from Japan, Rose.s. Gn .\. .Fed. 21^ pi^^j^^ \^\ „t f,,„„ (. Jlorris' Rooms. T?cT> o'?i Imported anj Established Orchids J-tu. -.i-j ijj Protheroe & Morris' Booms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 39".7. , " Whenever the hi.story of the Meetingof ^oyal Horticultural Society tiie Royal comes to be written, the year Horticultural jg^ii .^.■^]\ (jg recognised an one of °°" ^' the most critical periods in the >Society's existence." And so, nodoubt, it will be; but, whatever be its future, it is equally cer- tain that the debt of gratitude to the Coun- cil and otlicers who took office last year at a period when, as one of the speakers at the annual meeting on Tuesday last, justly remarked, " ruin and desperation stared it in the face," and who, by their harmony and energy, ha\e converted that dismal outlook into a cunditioii of " soundness and prosperity," will be aclinow- ledged as warmly then as it must be now. AVhat are the causes that have in so short a time brought about this state of things ? First of all, because most urgent and immediate, the generosity of certain donors who contributed largely to the funds necessary to clear the Society of debt, but even more, in our opinion, to the persistent zeal and energy of the Council in overhauling all the business transactions of the Society, and to the policy they have stead- fastly followed of making it, as far as they could, the representative of horticulture proper and not only a flower-show society for the entertainment of the fashionables and the advantage of the commercial horticulturists. The disruption of the connection with South Kensington and all that term implies, is now seen to have been an unmixed blessing. It is of no use crying over spilt milk, of no advantage tu indulge iu passionate recrimination -all that is ii\er. The ^?ociety has not only retreated with honour, it has gone far— much farther than could have been hoped in the time — to re-establish itself in the place it ought to fill as the national representative of horticulture in all its branches. The gratitude felt must Le extended not only to the Council but to the exhibitors, who through all the dreary time stood by the Society, and, in spite of much discou- ragement, still did their best to maintain its honour and status. It was well that Mr. Haighton and others persisted in having the minutes of the previous meeting read, for in no other way could the vast difference between then and now have been lirought home to the Fellows present. The President, Sir THE\on LAwiiENCK, in oommenting upon the report, adverted in be- coming terms to the services of the retiring memliers of the Council, Mr. W. T. T. Uyeb, Professor M. Imlsieh, l)r, Hogg, Sir Ed-Mfnh LoDEB, Mr. H. J. Veitch, and ilr. (i. l'\ AViLSON, It is not necessary for us to repeat the terms of eulogium pronounced by the President on these gentlemen, for all horti- culturists regret their resignation, and know and acknowledge the value of their services. It will be no easy matter for the successors to rival their predecessors, but it may be hoped that there will no longer be the same necessity for those prolonged and sustained exertions which have rendered the labours of the Council during the past year so extremely onerous. The diffi- culties have been largely cleared away, the policy to be followed has been triumphantly vindicated, while enough of the old members remain to guide the new comers along the path they must follow to develope the good results already arrived at. The present financial position is, to those who have followed the affairs of the Society, little less than astonishing; the debt of £11")2 has been cleared off, the expenses of the rear have been met, and a surplus remains. The installa- tion at South Kensington, which cost some i:SO,OUO in all, and mulcted the Society of .t50,000, for which it has received not a farthing of compensation, has been followed by a new in- stallation, the cost of which is set down at i'lOO. When Fellows complain of admitted short- comings they must look to these figures, and assuredly they will then find no cause to con- demn. The financial forecast for the year now in progress assumes the receipt of an income of about fyOOO, and an expenditure of about the same amount. The Temple Show last year was one of great excellence, though owing to the disastrous weather a loss of .tlOU was sustained. Xo doubt in the pre- sent year there will be an even better show, and should the weather be propitious, a great financial success will accrue if due advertisement be made. It will be remembered that this show was largely indebted for its success to the market growers, and thus not oidy a tine exhibition was secured, but the Society asserted its position as it should do as representative of one of the great industries of the country. A similar remark applies to the very practical and interesting Fruit Conference that was held at Chiswick in the autumn. No fewer than 657 new Fellows were elected last year, or, accounting for eighty-one who resigned, and forty-six who died, a nett increase of Cif<. Of course it is hardly to be expected that this rate of numerical incre.^se can be sustained and it must be remembered that the Guinea Fellow- ship now established will barely cover expenses unless a very large number of new Fellows be continually added. We were glad to hear of the numljers of new Fellows announced from Chis- wick and its neighbourhood, as we are firmly of opinion that the development of the Chiswick i Garden as an educational and experimental garden, wherein all branches of horticulture shall, so far as space and funds permit, be illustrated, will contribute not only to the financial success of the Society, but especially to the interests of horticulture generally, and so serve to forward the proper aims and purpose of the Society. I'or the benefit of country Fellows who by reason of their residence at a distance cannot so fully avail themselves of their privileges as those residing within the metropolitan area, the Journal of the Society is to be published at more regular intervals, and here, again, we may note that residents in the country may, if they choose, avail themselves of the privileges offered them by the resources of Chiswick much more fully than they appear to do now. The bye-laws have been revised to the advan- tage of the Fellows, but the Charter still remains, and is likely to do so at present. If things go on well we shall not hear much of that venerable document, but if things go very well we may hope to witness an attempt to rid the Society of an incumbrance which, however, is most felt when difficulties press. The meetings and shows of the past year have been exceedingly interesting, partly owing to the delightful contributions from Kew, although the general public, ignorant or careless of horticul- ture, have not shown their appreciation of them. This is perhaps partly due to the unfavourable surroundings of the Drill Hall. No better place has, however, hitherto offered itself, and this year not only will there be meetings in the Hall but also a big show at the Temple Gardens, and various shows of an interesting and instructive character will be held at Chiswick. Let the new Council see to it that these are adequately advertised beforehand. The afternoon lectures are to be re-estab- lished, and all we have to say on this point is that, while in past years these lectures have been given, if not entirely, yet for the most part free of expense to the Society, other London societies of similar character deem it fitting to pay for them, as also for services akin to those rendered by the members of the Scientific Committee. We do not allude to this with any desire that similar payments should be made to members of that body, but merely to indicate our sense, that some of the members of that body have received but scant courtesy from the Society in the wpw arrange- ments that ha\'e been made. The date for the Chrysanthemum meeting this autunm at ('hiswick has been changed, in order not to clash with the arrangements of the National Chrysanthemum and other Societies. We hope further that some scheme may be elaborated still further to avoid any interference with the National Chrysanthemum Society. The Koyal Horticultural Society's Conference should, in our opinion, be constructed, as far as possible, on different lines, and while leaving the National Chrysanthemum Society to undertake the exhibition element, should take up specially the practical, cultural, and scientific sides of the matter. Be this as it may, the Chiswick Chry- santhemum Conference is now fixed for November 5 and 6. Of course the report on which we have been thus freely commenting was carried, as well as votes of thanks, so conspicuously well earned, to Supplement to 'The Gardeners' Chronicle." February 16^" 1889 MOTOVSPPACUE •C».22 WAOTINS L*NE. CANNON ST,L0NOO«.E C Views in the Gardens at Thorpe Perrow. FKBnUABT Ifi, 1889.] TEE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLK 209 the Council, and especially to the energetic Secretary, whose business capacity and judicious zeal, are matters of oonunon admiration. A proposal to go uaol> to the old style of competition with fashionable and popular places of entertainment, having no direct connection with horticulture, was received in silence and did not even find a seconder. It is evident then, that the Council has now e\ery encouragement to pursue the course it has followed so successfully during the last year of making the Society iirst and foremost the re- presentative and exponent of all departments of National Horticulture, while all its past history has shown the ultimately disastrous consequences of running away from horticulture proper, in the endeavour to tind favour in the eyes of a pleasure- seeking public, who oare for none of these things. GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITU TION. — In onler to commeuioi'ate the .Jubilee of the existence of this Institution, it was resolveil at a committee meeting helil on Tuesday last, the 12th inst., to place upon tiie pension list, in July next, without any election, tiie whole of the candidates (seventeen) who were unsuccessful at the last elec- tion, upon the e.xpress understanding and condition that the sum of £.'500(1 be realised, in order to pro- vide for the great annual expense entailed without trenching upon the reserved fund of the Institution. We understand that this will make a total of l-'iO pensioners. " The Kew Bulletin."— The February number contains an alphabetical list of those herbaceous plants, seeds of which can be supplied in exchange for others from the Royal Gardens, Kew. Although the list occupies more than twenty-five 8vo pages, in double column, it is pointed out that the number of seeds available is much smaller than heretofore, owing to the prolonged rain and absence of sunlight in the autumn of the past year. The " Botanical Magazine."— The plants illustrated in the February number are : — Slrelil;ia Sicolai, t. 7081,— A plant whose exact source is not known. It has so much the appearance of S. Augusta that it was taken to be that species till it flowered in lS.iS in the Imperial Botanic Garden St. Petersburg. It has an erect stem, some 25 feet high, and flowers which differ fiom those of S. Augusta in their larger bracts and in " the hastate combined petals which are further of pale blue colour. See further Gardenrrs^ Chmnlch', 1888, vol. iv., p.Gffo. Styra.r ohassia, t. 7039. — Hardy shrub, figured in Gardeners' Chronide, 1888, iv., p. 131, f. 12. Iris Meda, t. 7040. — A new Persian species, from the collection of Professor Fostek. It belongs to the bearded section, and has flowers of a greenish- golden hue streaked with purplish veins. The sepals have a golden " beai'd " edged with a zone of magenta-purple. Opuiitia Ralinesquii, t, 7041. — Remarkable as being one of the species which, if protected from damp, will survive our winters, and flower in the open air. It is widely distributed in the Middle and Southern States of North America. Veiidrohitiui graci/icaiile, t. 7042. — A Queensland species, with elongated pseudobulbs, elliptic leaves, and nearly terminal, branching, many-flowered panicles. The flowers individually are relatively small greenish-yellow with red spots. It will not be sought after by those who confine their attention to showy Orchids. The United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society.— The annual general meet- ing of this useful Society took place on the 11th inst. at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, W.C, Mr. R. Dean, in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting having bten read, the report of the com- mittee for the past year was read by the Secretary, Mr. W. Collins, and the financial statement by the Treasurer, Mr. James IU-dsox. We learn from the report that at the present time there is no sick member upon its funds, and no payment from tlie benevolent fund has been nurde during the past year. The balance in favour of the Benevolent Fund a year ago was £1183 Us. 3.irf. ; it is now .£1299 Ids. I.W., so that the increase during the past twelve months is £81 17s. 5d., mainly from subscriptions, and by £34 lO.s. 5d. recorded as interest. The balance in favour of the Benefit Fund is now £3058 Ss. IJiZ.. On the expenditure side interest has been credited to members to the amount of £69 3s. 3 -25.363 + £1.487 We take the opportunity ailbrded us here of again suggesting that the vegetables might be " enu- merated," if only the names be given. Famous HoRTicuLTURiSTS.--The following names occur in the " Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists," now publishing in the Jnurnal vf Botany : — " Gbav, Christopher (fl. 1740—1763). Nursery- man, of Fulham. Introduced various American j.lants. 'Catalogue,' 1740. Published Catesby'a Hortus Britaiio- Americans, 1763. Pritz. 1, 103; Loudon, Arhoretuiu, 76. " Cipui'ix, W. (fl. 1820). Of South Lonibeili. PLANT PORTRAITS. Aristolochia eleg.vxs. Mast., Revue de I'Horti- lulture Bdc/c, February. Beoonla Madame Camille Tkierrv, Illuslrierle Monatshefte, January.— Flowers white. BonvAKDiA Presidest Clevelaxd, Heme da I' Horticulture Beige, January. Cattleta Schillekiana, Gartenflora, January 15. Chrvsanthemdms (1) Jane, (2) Admiral Sy- MONDS, (3) Lady Randolph Churchill, Illmtration Horticole, t. 73, January 15. Eugenia Cardeki, Garden and Forest, Jan. 16. — A new species from Florida, described by Professor Sargent. Miltoxia spEcTABiLis, Etcue it- I' Horticulture Beige, February. Oncididm Jonesiancm, Eevue de I' Horticulture Beige. January. Passiflora Watconiana, Mast., in Gard. C/iron., 1886, figs. 126 and 12/ ; Garden, March 3, 1888 ; Illustration Horticole, January 15, t. 74. Pear Belladi Farxella, Bullet i no delta R. Societa Toscano di Orticultura. ScHOMnoROKiA CNDULATA, Orchidopltile, January. Home Correspondence. |^° Correspondents wiUgreatlg oblige by sending early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remariablf plants, trees, ifi;., are also solicited. PLANT NAMES. — If the interests of botany and of horticulture in the matter of plant names were so radically difierent, as your correspondent, " A Gar- dener," asserts, there would, undoubtedly, be much force in his remarks : but, fortunately (or unfor- tunately for the argument), this is not the case. Botanists, no less than horticulturists, require a name for a plant to distinguish it by ; but the former also rei|uire tliat the name should be a certain index to the jiosition of the plant in the system of classi- fication—a system not yet perlected because of the constant additions to our knowledge in various directions, which sometimes render change neces- sary. It is this second use of the name which is not much required by horticulturists, and hence often ignored by them. Spiraa japonica ia a name which answers the gardener's requirements just as well as Astilbe japonica, notwithstanding the fact that the plant is not a i^pira-a at all. But there ia another, and totally dill'erent reason why names are frequently changed— viz., a rule adopled by botanists whereby the earliest name applied is adopted in cases where different names have been applied by different people to tlie same plant. The FEBurAnv 10, 1S89.] THE GARDENEBS' C HBO NT CLE. 211 rule was not adopteil without good and sutViuient reasons, or, in other words, until it was seeu that no uuirorni system of nomenclature oould be attained without it. Botanists and zoologists do not now agree as to the application of the rule, and the former, at least, are not a>;reed as to what (if uny). exceptions should be allowed. My own feeling is that a few names whieh embody a positive mis-statement of fact should be* allowed as exceptions; for instance, philippincnse, for a plant which does not prow in the I'hilippiues nt all: and some others. Hut I cannot aj^ree that "in botany, finality in names is impossible; for this we already have in thousands of instances, and the number will be constantly increased as the plant-woild becomes more completely known. Some originally Latin or Greek names are now used purely in an English sense, and probably no one wishes to change them at all. Cinerarias and Gloxinias are known in much the same way as Car- nations and Tansies. But not to cover too much ground, I would at once say that wliile admitting, as I did, the inconvenience of changing tlie names ol' the two species of Phalitnopsis in question. I cannot agree that "the proposal to change their names is simply ridiculous," nor that " they belong to horticulture more than to botany." We read, '* in botanical books the new names are invariably adopted; in horticultural writings they are not.'' Turn to the Dictionary of Gardening in disproof of this. Miltonia vexillaria and numbers of other cases, besides tlie Phaltenopsids in question, stand as witnesses. Turn to the back numbers ui" the Botanical Magazine, and see how many garden plants have changed their names. As to '■ whether horticulture had not better have its own numenclature for plants,- and leave botanists to their own devices,' a ready answer suggests itself, viz., that in a few establishments the interests of the two are inseparable, and that we have a number of prominent horticulturists who are also good botanists, and botanists who can appreciate the beauty of a plant for its own sake — facts which do not augur well for the future success of two separate systems. Much mischief is done by the use of Latin names for florists Varieties, and il florists and gardeners will adopt a different system, and use fancy names for their pro- ductions, no one will be better pleased than myself, for the nomenclature is only burdened with a host of names — apparently of species, but which on iuves- li^^ation prove to be nothing but polymorphisms of things already known. Much more might be said, but this note is too long already. In conclusion, let me express the hope that when botanists can agree as to the necessity of a change, that, as in the past, it will gradually percolate hm-ticultural litera- ture ; and th it the only two systems of nomencla- ture we shall have will be a purely horticultural or florist's one for races of florists' flowers and known garden varieties ; and a uniform botanical one (sub- ject to such emendations as may occasionally be found necessary) for the remainder. H. A. Rolfp, At p. 148. "A Gardener,"' bring3 forward a question of great importance to all connected with horticulture, viz., shall we accept the no- menclature of modem botanists in preference to names by which plants have long been known, and which in most cases have been registered and described by some botanical authority? I quite agree with " A Gardener,'' that there is no necessity for changing names. Of course there are some cases where names may be corrected, and no horticulturist would object, but generally speaking, it would be a great mistake for a nurseryman to catalogue plants under revised names, unless he could give a full list of synonyms, and that would be next to impossible. For scientitic purposes it may be quite necessary to revise plant names, but for horticultural purposes, the name by which a plant is first distributed should be retained, unless some evident error has occurred. I do not possess many books of reference, and there- fore cannot account for many names adopted in Nicholson's Dictionary of Gardening. For instance, I find that for Davallia Mooreana, D. pallida is adopted. Xow I have known this beautiful Fern for a good many years, and have seen it exhibited, I might say, dozens of times, but always as D. Mooreana. I believe it was introduced by Messrs. Yeitch & Sons, and was exhibited by them at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society's Floral Committee about the year 1869, and was awarded a certificate under the name of D. Mooreana. Davallia hemiptera. another of Messrs. Veitch's introduction^, is changed to D. repens. I may add that this is figured, and a similar illustration occurs in a nurseryman's Fern catalogue, the only difference being that in the latter it is named D. hemiptera. U is needless to r|Uote a great number of similar alterations. But what would be the result if nursery- men were to adopt all these alterations ? 1 imagine it would lead to a great deal of unpleasantness, for customers would be sending for what they would expect to tiud distinct, and on receiving the plants would find that they had simply been buying an old friend under a new name, or at least a name new to them. It is my opinion that names by which plants have become familiar to horticulture shouhl be retained, and if the botanists were to avoid, as much as possible, changing names, the practical gardener would take more interest in the science, and be more ready to accept such corrections as are reallv neces- sary. A. H. THE WEATHER IN WESTMORELAND. —As illus- trating the extreme mildness of the season here 1 subjoin a list of a few flowers I have observed bloom- ing in the open air freely during the past few days. With the exception of a severe snow.storm on February 2 we have had little or no winter as yet, and I never remember seeing vegetation in such a forward state at the time of year in all my expe- rience. To-day the sun has shone brightly, and the temperature has been more like April than February. The following are in fine bloom amongst others: — D.iphne mezereon, Scilla sibirica. Snowdrops, Geum, urbanum, (Avens), Berberis vulgaris, Gentiana, Vinca major and minor. Chrysanthemums (several), Saxifragas (several), Brompton Stocks, Laurel (common), Violets, Wallflowers, Auriculas, Poly- anthus, Winter Aconite, Jasminura pubigerum, &c. In all I noticed thirty-six varieties of plants in bloom during the current week. I might also men- tion as ratheran unusual fact, that hedgehogs, which usually hybernate during the winter months, have been lately as active as in summer. W. N. Craig, Kendal. [Written before the recent storms and frost.] DESTRUCTION OF MEALY-BUG.— I am glad to see by W. H. Divers' account on p. 141 that he succeeded in eradicating these plant pests, but I have known A^'ines rendered useless for years with less quantities of paraflin than he has used. At the end of 1886 I took charge of these gardens, and found the Vines in a very bad state. I have succeeded in getting rid of the mealy-bug by what 1 think is a simpler, less expensive, and far safer means than he has employed. When the Vines were pruned all the loose bark was removed with the hand only, then the rods were scrubbed with a brush and warm water ; the interior of the house was also well scrubbed, nothing being used but warm water, and all the spurs on the rods painted with gas-tar. When the bloom was set we found, on examination, several bugs left. I h.ad the water-hose turned on the Vines once a week, care being taken not to direct the water towards the bunches, and when the Grapes showed signs of colouring the syringing was discontinued. I have not seen any mealy-bug since. J. Nohh\ l(i!i, Knight's Hill, West Nonoood. CALLAS. — I have noticed Mr. Divers' remarks on growing the Calla Kthiopica, and think that he and others may, perhaps, be interested by hearing what my experience this season has been with these plants. The roots, sixty in number, were planted out last summer on a border having an east aspect, and were taken up and repotted early in the month of Octo- ber. Thesp plants are flowering freely, and the Bpathes are of an unusually large size. I have known Callas, after being planted out refuse to blossom early, and, like Mr. Gilbert, used to prefer to keep them in pots, because it was thought to be a rule for all these plants which were planted out to behave in this way. However, the present season's expe- rience has quite dispelled that opinion, for early iu November last the plants unfolded numerous epathea, which for size are seldom excelled. This I know will be corroborated by many who saw my group of miscellaneous plants at the Monmouth Chrysanthe- mum Society's show. The Calla is an aquatic, and it evidently delights in a cool, wet soil, and such were the conditions to which the plants were sub- jected last year. T. Coomhcr. CEPHALOTUS FOLLICULARIS.— At p. 140, your correspondent, Mr. F. Koss, gives an interesting account of this remarkable plant, and seeing that the plant is not met with every day, I should like to give my experience of it. Though the generality of your readers know that the plant is quite hardy, there may be some who do not; therefore a few facts about its cultivation may be useful to the latter, It may be well grown in ft cold fram"^ — indeed my experience was entirely of that way of growing it. My plants have been subjected to 23° of frost, which they endured with impunity. This fact brings it therefore within the reach of those not having a cold frame. The method pursued was as follows : —A frame which was devoted to these and Dionaia muscipula, had a few inches of rough ballast with coal-ashes above, so that free drainage waa secured ; upon this the plants were placed and plunged in some refuse sphagnum moss. The plants were potted in rough fllirous peat, fresh sphagnum moss, and brick rubbish broken finely. During the greater part of the year the plants were kept in a state of half saturation, a state which is suitable to these plants .and Dionaias. For about two months in winter time no water was ail'orded them, the moisture surrounding them being sutlicient for that time ; no shading was given them in summer time, exce]iting what came from a small tree a short distance off. By this simple mode of cultivation I was rewarded with plenty of fair-sized and fairly-coloured pitchers, the plants being sold off too quickly whilst in perfection. To the methods of propagation given at p. 140 by jMr. Ross, I may add that, with a little assistance, it comes pretty freely from roots, these making nice plants with fair treatment the second season. Those interested in such things may, with the assistance of a cold frame, get a good assortment together, which might embrace, apart from those above-named, some of the hardy Sarracenias, as S. purpurea, S. flava, S. Drummondii, S. psittacina, and others, as also several species of Drosera (scandens), with the quaint-looking Darlingtonia californica to complete the list. A sunny spot should be chosen for the frame, but one not fully exposed, and a cold, sunless spot, must likewise be avoided. E. Jenkins. PLANT COLOUR. — Mr. Burbidge is right in sub- mitting that his ideas respecting colour in plants are unsatisfactory. Now, with reference to the colour which comes so freely and so richly into the flowers of iiardy Primroses, it is stated that this colour emanates from the roots ; but 1 have not yet found such colour in the roots in any appreciable degree. What|colour] there is, is not so much in the roots as in the woody stem from which the leaves spring. But here we find pure white as abundant in these cultivated Primroses as deep colours ; and from whence is this pure whiteness derived ? As to hardiness there is no difference between white, mauve, red, or crimson flowered Ijlanta. The suggestion that red-stalked Chinese Primrose seedlings are less subject to damp than pale green-stalked kinds will not hold water. Prac- tically the latter are regarded as robust and hardy as the red-tinted kinds. We have no more robust double kind than is the old double v/hite Primula with its pale green leaf-stalks. There is no proof to be adduced that practical gardeners have encouraged the introduction of red colouring into the foliage plant they cultivate, on the ground that they regard such plants as hardier. So far from that being the case I think it would be impossible to find a single instance in which such a notion was entertained. Almost invariably the introduction of red colouring into foliage — and the same may be said of all variega- tion— has been discouraged, becausevariation in colour has proved to be so detrimental. The Purple Beech or the Hazel if less robust than are the green forms are, so far as I am aware, not less hardy. Neither is the purple-hued Prunus Pissardi. On the other hand, Dell's Crimson Beet owes its moderate growth to special selection, as a particular even drooping habit of leafage has been sought for with medium- sized high-coloured roots. Taking roots and leafage of Dell's Beet, and comparing size of root with leafage of any coarse green kind, it will be found that Dell's, relative to size, is fully as robust in the pro- duction of foliage. As evidence that colour in foliage is not necessarily associated with weakness, I may point to Red Cabbages, always sostout and robust, and to those remarkable dark-purple Kales, occasionally seen amongst tall green Scotch, and yet always fully as robust as the green type. Turning to Potatos, we find variations of colouring not so much in the plants as in the tubers, but even the very deepest-coloured of tubers are seldom associated with darker foliage than are white tubered kinds; indeed, character of foliage, and not colour, offers the chief clue to the identification of varieties of Potatos when growing. White Potatos will also produce sometimes much darker flowers than with parade Potatos. As to the ([uestion of evolution or reversion, are double Prim- roses to be classed as of the former or of the latter. If they he seed products and are classed .is 212 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Februart 10, 1889. evolutionary, it would be absurd to class them as reversionary if the product is sportive. Double- flowered Thorns are hardly reversions ; indeed nearly all sports seem to indicate a breaking away from the original form, hence are not reversions to it. Truly the existing knowledge of the causes of varia- tions of colour in plants and flowers is yet vague and unsatisfactory. A, D. CARNATION TRIAL AT CHI8WICK. — As the Council has agreed to the trial next year of Car- nations as border plants at Chiswick, and as the plants should be sent in next autumn, it would be helpful to growers who may wish to assist in the trial if some further particulars concerning it were published. Possibly the intention may yet be incom- pletely determined upon, and needs further con- sideration. Information so far is only to the effect that three plants of each variety should be sent to Chiswick ; but name alone will not convey informa- tion as to class or colour, and unless all the various kinds are classified according to colour or markings, •ao bond fid e tr'mX will be complete. The aim of the trial should be to ascertain, first, how far certain kinds or colours prove to be decorative under ordi- nary border culture ; and, second, as to which varie- ties give the beat habit and excellence of bloom. It would have been satisfactory also to learn whether the plants are to be tested in the lawn beds or in soundness and vitality of them can be easily ascer- tained. There are circumstances in seed-saving over which seedsmen have no control. Our experience this year has been untoward, but not more so than we expected. July and August being damp and cold maturation was impeded, and some of our choice kinds of vegetables will likely become utter failures, as there seems to be no vitality in some of the sorts. Curled Kale taken in dry to an airy warm position, with large portions of the stem attached to the seed- stalk, have ripened fairly well, nourishment having been drawn to the seed-pods from these stems long after they were removed to their ripening quarters. It is well known that many of the seed-saving amateurs in the North depend on virtues from the stem (after the seed is removed to the ripening room) in maturing their choice selection of Leeks and Onions. In some of their kitchens the ripening seed may be seen hanging round on the walls, and fine produce is raised from them. Many of the old seeds, such as Parsley, Turnips, Radishes, all the Brasaica kinds. Carrots, Celery, and others might be proved before they are discarded. It may be found that these old seeds are in many cases equal to (if not better) than new purchases. We never discard good kinds without testing the vitality of the old seeds of former years ; but though ever so well saved and successfully harvested, seed saved at home cannot always be depended on. As an example, we saved varieties for bedding purposes is conveyed. A class for a dozen varieties grown and shown in 12-inch pans wouldhave been thething, audit isagreat pity, having regard to the exceeding beauty found in massing Violas or Pansies, that such a class is not introduced at the show. No doubt any such collection would be welcomed, and possibly honoured, but the absence of a class does not tend to encourage the exhibition of Pansies as plants. A. D. PHLOX DECUSSATA AND HYBRIDS.— Where the expense of buying named varieties of Phlox for borders and beds is not indulged in very pretty varieties can be obtained from seeds saved from high-class flowers. The best plan, if you can wait one year for results, is to sow in boxes in cold frames in April, or in the open ground in a warm spot in May, sowing either in shallow drills or, what is better, thinly broadcast, covering the seeds by sifting a quarter of an inch of potting-bench refuse mould over the bed. When the seedlings in either case are large enough to be conveniently handled they may be pricked out 3 inches apart in beds, gently water- ing them afterwards, and affording them shade during bright sun for two or three days. Having acquired to strength and size the plants may be transferied to well manured ground, planting them 1 foot apart in lines, there to stand till they flower the following year, when the be.st formed and finest coloured •\ \ 't Pig. .'i?^.— sucker fkom tuk ORUii\Ai. luusroN pippin apple trek. Fuj. 30.— the on-nrvAL ninstov pipptk apple toer. {well off to a large bulging unsightly growth. Where the union is etiected in numerous instances under my own superintendence we have had them die off comparatively young trees, although every care is taken, by root-lifting, and giving fresh soil. &c., to preserve them. It is not in the nursery that the grievance is felt, as the swelling does not take place until the budded sorts attain the size of the stocks in diameter, and is therefore some time out of the possession of the nurserj'man. " To an inexperienced observer the weakened growth and early decay of the young tree might naturally be attributed to some mismanagement on the part of the gardener, while the fault rests with the nurseryman who selected an unsuitable variety of wildings as stock. To illustrate the truth of my KiG. 40.— X'juli:s!?k i-i:ach o.\ a Iiamsu.n .stuck. sible, but not to be generally recommended, is that of inarching healthy young trees on to the uppermost part of the stock. Ed.] OLD TREES AT RIBSTON HALL, WETHERBY. The gales during the past week have had ratht r a disastrous effect on our trees. On Sunday the 3rd inst., about 4 o'clock in the afternoon, the wind blew in gusts varying from north-west to north-east for about half an hour, during which time a very fine specimen of Abies or Picea Pinsapo was destroyed. This tree was planted by my late father, and I cannot find any record of the date of planting, but I think the plant was probably purchased from Messrs. Veitcb. At some little distance from the ground the tree had broken out into five stems, the girth of the main stem at 1 foot from the ground was 7 feet 11 inches; the girth of the principal stem of the five was 5 feet ti inches. All the stems grew pretty equally in height, and the height of the tree was 44 feet 6 inches ; the spread of the branches 2S feet. At one time the tree was a dense mass of branches and foliage from its base to its summit ; but for some years the lower brandies had failed, and, acting on the advice of the late Mr. Sawrez-Cookson 1 caused all the dead wood to be cut out, and the upper branches were acquiring a beautiful pendulous growth. We counted forty-one annular rings in a cross section of the principal stem, and we estimated forty-two annual growths of the branches. The tree was introduced into England in 1838, and we imagine that the probable age of our tree was forty-six years, which would make it an early specimen of the species. The tree was in vigorous health, and its glorious dark green foliage was never more beautiful than when it fell. On the same day about one-half of an old flowering Ash ((_>ruu3 europtca) was blown down in the park. The girth of this tree was 7 feet 4 inches at 4 feet from the ground. Another victim of the storm was a fine Beech, standing amongst other Beeches and Oaks on apiece of ground in the park, which is called the Tilting- ground, and which is supposed to Iiave been the exercise-ground of the Knights of the Temple, who had a Preceptory here. The measurements of this tree are 47 feet up to the first branches, then 14 feet more of the main bole, and 3U feet of branches, the total 1*1 feet; at 3 feet from the ground the girth is 9 feet '2 inches ; at 24 feet, 7 feet 6 inches. Both these were old trees beginning to fail, and the Ash showing signs of decay in the trunk On the 8th we bad another violent gale, and a very fine tree of the Poplar tribe was blown over into the river. I imagine, from a coloured plate in an old Dutch book on botany— Weinman's Opus BotanicHDi, Amsterdam, 1748 — that this tree is there illustrated as " Populus alba incana ; Peuplivr blanche large fcuille." It was a beautiful tree in spring, covered with large purple catkins, growing on the brink of the river Nidd ; the soil had been washed away from the roots, and we had been in fear of a disaster for some time. The older trees which I have mentioned were probably planted here by Sir Henry Goodricke, who from the letter enclosed, and from the specimens which still survive here, must have been an ardent cultivator of trees of all kinds. The letter is copied from the original in the British Museum, and may be of some interest to your readers : — " Sir, — The civilitys I have received from you do incourage me to give the trouble of a letter, and knowing you to be one who loves to incourage curiosity, makes me hope that the subject of my letter won't be so disagreeable to you as another ; it is to desire of you that, if amongst your rarities you have any number of seeds, nuts, or kernells, of foreign and rare trees, especially those that are hardy, I shall verily thankfully pay for 'era ; my pleasure being to raise such things in hotbeds and preserve 'em with care : and I would not rob you of any but what you have so many as you may readily spare a part to one who will as readily supply you again when any accident happens to yours, which I Ijelieve yrs are more subject to near London than we are here, where I my self take the chief care of my curious trees. I have not yet been able to pro- cure a tree of the true Lotus nor the Larch tree, both which Mr. Evelyn says grow well in our climate, and may be raised of seed: those seeds or any other exotics 1 doubt not to laise, I mean trees, for smaller plants are too numerous for me to attend. If you cou'd procure me a small tree of each of those kinds. 1 won'd repay you with thanks, being, S^ y' obliged, humble servant, H. Goodricke, Rihstan, near Boruughhridge in Yorkshire (month obliter- ated), 17f:i." «^' ■^™^ ■^^'"'^• [The two engravings of the Ribston Pippin Apple trees at Kibston Hall appeared in our pages in the year 1844. The old tree, represented in tig. 30, is now dead, and the other (^ig. 38), a sucker from the old tree, is, as we learn from the courtesy of J. Dent-Dent, Esq., still living. This sucker tree, in its e 214 mE GAU DENE US' CHIiONtCLE. ll^EBECARY IB, 1880. younger days, was delicate and grew but slowly, but as it has reached to the present day, we may assume that the kindly attentions bestowed upon it have not been without good results. Nothing is known with perfect exactness about the advent of the famous Apple at Kibston Hall, but the best credited story is that tlie seeds came from Eouen (another Con- queror from Normandy), and were sown at Kibston in 1787. l'"rom these sprang many trees which after- wards were planted about in the park. Some — perhaps only one — was the progenitor of our present Kibston Pippin, and others were Crabs. Ed.] Societies. ROYAL HOBTICTJLTURAL. Februaev 12. — The exhibition on this occasion was very satisfactory, especially when the recent snow and frost are considered. It was also pleasing to see a good attendance of Fellows at the Hall, which, despite the best efforts to warm it by fires, still remained uncomfortably cold. It is worthy of note that the committee met, and did not award a single Certificate — nothing beyond the usual Medals, and the new "Award of Merit " to Mr. Owen's Primulas. The annual general meeting, referred to at p. 208 was well attended. Floral Committee. Present: T. B. Haywood, Esq., in the 'chair ; and Messrs. T. Baines, C. F. Pilcher, H. Turner, H. M. Pollett, J. Dominy, "W. H. Williams, J. O'Brien, Ed. :\Iawlev, T. W. Girdlestone, J. Laing, J. Douglas, K. Dean, H. Herbst, J. Walker, B. Wynne, L. Castle, W. Holmes, F. Koss, G. Paul, J. Fraeer, M. T. Masters, and E. Hill. Cyclamens in pots were largely shown by the St. George's Nursery Co., Hanwell, and by Mr. J. May, Gordon Nursery, St. Margaret's, Twickenham ; both exhibitors had plants of medium size, bearing numerous clear and bright flowers. In each case a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. A pretty little group of hardy herbaceous plants, which was awarded a Bronze Banksian Medal, was contributed by Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, in which Hellebores were conspicuous ; these were H. ftetidus, H. hybridus, H. orientalis rosea, IT. colchicus, and H. niger rubra, the last named being a very effective flower. Iris reticulata was largely shown, and the rich colouring of the flowers, together with the scent, make them very desirable plants to have, especially at this season. Saxifraga Burseriana, one of the most beauti- ful of the genus, was shown in flower. There were, too, Eranthis hyemalis, and Saxifraga Cicsia, as well as other plants. From the same source came fine spikes of Coelogyne cristata (Chats- worth variety). Mr, R. Dean, Ealing, showed a hardy Primrose to which the name True Blue has been given ; the hue of the flower approaches blue, but has a distinct violet tinge. Flowering shoots of Acacia verticillata ( = A. oxy- cedrus) and Thunbergia laurifolia were exhibited by Mr. F. Koss, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley. Messrs. J. Veitch & Son contributed a quantity of cut trusses of their hybrid greenhouse Rhododen- drons in a great range of colours ; the greaterjiumber of these had been seen before, but the following were perhaps the most attractive : — Taylori, delicate rosy-carmine with a white tube, the truss being full and the flowers of good size : Hermosa, deep carmine and full flowered ; and Dido, rich brownish-yellow, with a pink suffusion, also a fairly large flower. There were also two hybrid Cypripediums, viz., C. T. B. Haywood (Druryix superbiens), The dorsal sepal is shaped as as in superbiens (the seed- bearing parent), the other parts of the flower taking an intermediate form. The dorsal sepal and petals have a dark brown, median line as in Druryi ; ground colour pale yellow suffused with rose, and lined with rose and green. No hairs are on the margin of the petals. The Up is of a rosy colour. The other Cypripedium was a hybrid raised by Mr. Lathom between C.Spioerianum and C. villosum. This has tlie fine dorsal sejial of the first-named parent with the lip and petals inclined more to those of C. villosum ; in colour they are dark reddish- brown. A flowering-spike of Dendrobium undulatum, and cut blooms of Udontoglossum nebulosum pardinuni, were sent by Mr. Swan, gr. to G. C. Raphael, Esq., Castle Hill, Englefield Green. The latter were heavily spotted with large greenish-grey marks. The Dendrobe is pale brown in colour, with the segments much twisted in a wevy curious fashion — more inter- esting tiian beautiful. J. F. Jackson, Esq., Bourne Place, Bexley (gr., Mr. Dowsett), had a prettily and heavily spotted Odontoglossum Pescatorei, lo which an "Award of Merit '" was given. Mr. Batchelor, Catton Park, Norwich, sent some nice flowers of Cypripedium insigne ; and Cattleya Trianaj var. came from Mr. T. Rawlings, gr. to W. Yates, Esq., Biruhes Green, Erdington, Birming- ham ; it is a richly coloured flower, with a deep expanding lip, having yellow in the throat; the sepals and petals are rosy. Mr. C. J. Rowe, gr. to H. Scott, Esq., Nunfield, Dumfries, had blooms of La^lia anceps var. Scot- tiana, which were very richly coloured with a iiniform deep carmine rose. A plant of Lielia elegans Blenheimensis, a bright and pretty flower, with the lip pale magenta, and the sepals and petals rosy-brown, was from Mr. Whellans, gr. to the Duke of Marlborough, Blen- heim Park, Woodstock. This comideted the display of Orchids. Some plants of Yucca fllamentosa with variegated foliage were sent by Messrs J. R. Pearson & Sons, Chilvvell Nurseries, Notts. These were remarkably pretty. Primula blooms were shown by Mr. H. James, Farnham Royal ; and by Mr. K. Owen, Floral Nur- series, Maidenhead, both having .'^ome very pretty flowers. The strain of the latter was commended. The laced forms to be seen here were very efTective. A Silver Banksian Medal was accorded to Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, for an extensive exhibit of Narcissi in pots, in which some of the most useful varieties were included; as well as one or two of the more recent introductions. We mayenumerate HenryIrving,Maximus, Emperor, Pallidus pra3Cox, Telamonius plenus, C. J. Back- house (yellow segments and orange cup), Leedsi, and Princess Ada, which opens pale yellow, and as it developes becomes white. This is, of course, ratiier early for the flowers to be seen at their best. Narcissus p. n. Troillhs. from a cold frame, was shown by the Rev. W. Wilks, Shirley, Croydon, to illustrate its earliness. It is a very good Narciss. Fruit Committee, Present: U. D. Blackmore, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. H. J. Veitch, P. Barr. J. Cheal, J. R. Bates, G. Cliffe. G. W. Cummins, J. T. Saltmarsh, J. Roberts, W. Wildsmith, A. H. Pearson, C. Ross, M'. Denning, J. Burnett, G. Bunyard, F. Q. Lane. G. Wythes^ J. Hudson, F. Moore, P. Crowlev. J. Wright, H. Weir, and A. W. Sutton. Hardy fruit was shown in unusual abundance and goodness for the advanced period of the year. As may be supposed, the traders made by far the largest display, but the amateurs were quite equal to them in the matter of preservation, size, and colour : the collection from A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Wallington (gr. Mr. Cumins), being, in these points, the best there — a proof that land which can be treated like a water meadow, as is the garden at the Grange, is favourable to the Apple. Mr. Smee's collection numbered thirty-six dishes of Apples and a few of Pears. We noted fine fruits of Blenheim Orange, Ribston, King of Pippins, Duke of Devon- shire, Belle Dubois, Cox's Orange, Wellington, New Ilawthornden, Dutch Mignonne, Pomona, &c. The Pears included Beurred'Hillier, Bergamot d'Esperen, Chaumontel, Bei rr.' Ranee, and two stewing kinds. A Silver-gilt Banksian was awarded. W. Roupell, Esq., Harvey Lodge, Streatham, had the same number of dishes as the first-named exhibitor, and comprising many of the same varieties ; Bramley's Seedling, The Queen, Lane's Prince Albert, Warner's King, Sandringham, Winter Ilaw- thornden, Reinette du Canada, were all excellent examples. Messrs. T. F. Rivers & Son, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, exhibited about sixty dishes, many well kejit, others not, of well-known as well as others by no means common in gardens. Messrs. Rivers' collection of home-grown Citrons. Lemons, and Oranges was small, but it was excel- lent, and shows what may be obtained with the aid of glass and an intermediate temperature during the winter. The following varieties and species were noticed : — Oranges : Sustain, St. Michael's, White, Billincourt, Silver, Seville variegated, Egg, Maltese Blood and Maltese Oval, Dom Louis; the Lemon Bijou shown on a little tree, which was loaded with fruits in various stages of growth. A white Lemon and a Faringo Shaddock were shown. Messrs. G. Bunyard & Co., Old Nurseries, Maid- stone, showed 120 dishes of fruit; Messrs. Cheal Si Son, Crawley, Sussex, about the same number. A Silver-gilt Banksian Medal was awarded for both of these exhibits. In both instances the fruit was in capital condition as regarded appearance, and had been well secured in well-built fruit-rooms against the damaging fluctuations of temperature. Mpssrs. Cranston & Co., King's Acre, Hereford, coloured showed Bietingbeimer Apple, a large red and yellow fruit, slightly five-angled, and with eye and stalk basins but slightly depressed. Carlton Seedling Apple was shonTi by W. H. Divers, gr., Kettou Hall, Stamford. It is a large yellow culinary fruit, and the tree is said to be a vigorous grower and sure cropper. The Wroxton Onion, so-called, was sho'\vn by Mr, C. W. H( ward Bridge, Canterbury, by whom it is stated to be the original Canterbury Prize which was selected in 187'J from Hossack's, or Bishop's Onion, a variety raised in 1850. The bulb shown was from seed sown in the open air in March last. A small neat Cucumber, a selection from RoUisson's Tele- graph, was shown by Mr. J. Clayton, gr.. Grimston, Tadcaster, und^r the name of Yorkshire Telegraph. LINNEAN. FEBRtJARY 7.— Mr. C. B. Clarke, >r.A., F.R.S , Vice-President, in the chair. Messrs. J. R. Grefn and J, W. 'White were admitted Fellows of the Society, and, on a ballot taking place, the following were elected : — The Earl of Ducie, Messrs. Henry Hutton and Malcolm Lawrie, The Rev. E. S. Marshall exhibited several interest- ing varieties of British plants collected by him in Scotland, and made remarks thereon. Mr. E. M. Holmes exhibited a new British seaweed from Bognor, a variety new to science. A paper was then read by Mr. A. D.Michael on three new species of parasitic Acari, discovered by him in Derbyshire during the autumn of 188S. Professor Martin Duncan then gave the substance of an important paper which he had prepared, entitled " A Revision of the Families and Genera of tlie Echinoidea, Recent and Fossil.' Reviewing the labours of his predecessors, Professor Duncan traced the growth of the literature of his subject, and showed that although many lists and papers had been published from time to time, no general review of the class Echinoidea had been attempted since 184(3. Dpaling with all the material at his command, he found it necessary to propose certain alterations in the classification, and to dispense with a good many genera and subgenera which he considered had been needlessly founded. Above all, he had set himself the task of revising the descriptions of the genera, giving positive instead of comparative characters— a course which he believed would prove of great utility to students. The paper was criticised by Mr. Sladen, Professor Stewart, and Mr. Breeze, all of whom testified to the necessity which had arisen for some authoritative revision of the subject, such as had been undertaken by Professor Duncan, and which undoubtedly would lighten very considerably the labours of future enquirers. The meeting was adjourned to February 21. GARDENERS' SOCIETY AT WOOLTON. Tnv inaugural meeting was held on February 7 at the Mechanic's Institute. Wooltnn, of a Society of gardeners recently formed in the district for the ]>urposc of mutual improvement by the discussion of horticultural subjects, both scientific and practical, and the providing of a library for general informa- tion and reference. The Society is the outcome of the course of lectures on botany delivered lust year at Woolton by Professor Harvey Gibson, of Uni- versity College, Liverpool, and is warmly supported by Mr. Ilolbrook Gaskell, a most enthusiastic horti- culturist and botanist, who has been fbiled its President, and who has already given abundant proof that no effort on his part will be wanting to make it a BUCcesB. The movement has been lieartily taken u]) by the gardenf^rs in the Woolton district, and at the meet- ing tlure wtip a good attendance of nif nibeis. Mr. Gafkell ]ii(8id(d, ni:d thtre were also j>rcsent Pro- I't'DnnAnv 10, 188'J.] TS^ GAI?DENEnS' CHBONtCLB. 215 ftrssor Harvey Gibson, Mr. G. Beaumont, Mr. 11. P. Ker, Mr. K. Todd, and Jlr. J. Kothwell (Secretary.) The Chairman, iu the course of his speech, said that he advised them to coiitine themselves strictly to the objects for which the Society was founded., aud to pursue them with sin^jleness of purpose, and with seriousness and earnestness. There were two aspects of the study ot horticulture — the practical and the scientitic. lie imagined they were all actuated by a desire to aci[uire some knowledge of the sciences connected with horticulture and agricul- ture. A man who was simply a handicraftsman could not take the same rank as one wlio brought scientific knowledge to bear upon his daily work. He therefore urged all, and particularly the young men, to aspire to the possession of a knowledge of those sciences that applied to gardening— chemistry and botany. They would tiud that to obtain that knowledge involved very hard work ; he would not be surprised if the result of their experience would teach them that work by the brain was harder than work by the hands. He hoped they would make their meetings as systematic as possible, and that at each meeting they would have a specilic object in view, and would pursue it with earnestness. Professor Harvey Gibson, in the course of his address, hoped the Society would keep definitely before their minds the application of science to practice. He believed the greatest results would be derived from an intimate union of both, and he urged them always to consider not only the practical applications, but the theoretical principles which underlie these applications. The Chairman, and also Professor H. Gibson, promised, ii a suHioient number of students for the scientific were enrolled, to assist the Society with materials and with advice. Extract front " L'v.rpO'l Dai'/ Po,Vales and central and southern England. " The temperature has been below the mean in all districts. In the ' Channel Islands ' and over the south o( Ireland the deficit has been slight, but in most other parts of the Kingdom it was as much aa •j^ or 1)'^, and in ' Scotland, N.,' 7°. The height of the maxima, which were recorded during the earlier part of the week, ranged from 46° in ' England, N.E.,' and ' Scotland,' W.,' to 54° in ' Ireland, S.' At some of our northern and north-western stations the nuixima on the lUth did not exceed 2'J°. The lowest of the minima were registered either on the lOth or Ilth, when the thermometer fell to 10^ in 'Scotland, N.,' and ' Ireland, N.' (at Fort Augustus and Brooke- borough), to I(i° in ■ England, S.W,,' and , Scotland, E.,' and to between 18° and 22° in nearly all other districts. In the ' Channel Islands ' the loivest read- ing was 32°. " The rainfall has not dift'ered materially from the mean value, but in most parts of England it has been rather more. In some parts of the ' Midland Counties ' the fall of snow on the 10th yielded about 0'75 inch of water, aud at our southern stations rather more than 05 inch. " Brujld simnltine has been more prevalent thau it was last week ; the percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 9 in ' Scotland, N.,' and 12 in 'England, S.,' to 30 in 'Ireland, S.,' 39 in ' England, N.E.,' and 'Scotland, W.,' and to 40 in ' Scotland, E.'" Useful Inventions. PASCALL'S PHOPAGATINU PAN. I.N small gardens, not usually too well found in appliances, any methods of propagating j)lants with ease and expedition are always welcomed as boons. " To put your cutting-box or pan over the hot-water pipes of a forcing-house at work " is a very common piece of advice to the inquiring amateur ; but where only two rows of pipes exist, and these one above the other, it is not easy to arrange things so that the soil in which are the cuttings shall be kept at an equable warmth in all parts, and it generally is found to get too hot for the cuttings in the part just over tlie pipes. Pascall's pan obviates that difficulty, it being formed in sliape like a metal evaporating- pan — that is, it will fit over pipes of any diameter (the one sent is intended for a 4-inch one, outside diameter). The pan, before receiving the soil, is p.artly filled with water, over which a po-forated bottom of pottery is fitted on a ledge at each end of the pan, the latter being fitted with an overflow hole at the .side, so that when watering the soil, the water can- not rise so high as to enter the soil at the bottom. For cuttings needed to be kept close a collapsible zinc frame, made with rabbets to hold glass ends, sides, and top, is fitted on to the pan. The total length of pan is 14 inches, the material common garden pottery, and it therefore must be cheap. The maker resides at Norwood .Junction, Surrey. lARKETS. COVENT GARDEN, Febrmry U. No alteration ; market still quiet ; imported p;oods of all kinds in heavy supply. Jaincs Webber, Whole sale Apple Market. PLANT3 IN P0T3.— . s. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. dor. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Draceena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridia, per doz. 12 EriL'a hyemalis, doz. 9 — cutiru, dozen ... 6 Euouymus, in var., per dozen 0 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphyllum-^, doz. ...18 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Average Wholesale Prices. d. s.d. s.d. s.d. 0-18 0 Foliage plants, vari- 0-15 0 ous, each 2 0-10 0 0-12 0 Ficus elastica. each .16-70 0-12 0 Geuiita, dozen ... 9 0-18 0 0-12 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 0 0-60 0 LiIy-of-Val.,do/.. pta.lS 0-30 0 0-24 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-lS 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-12 (J Pelargoniums, st'ar- \i'\, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 0-18 0 Poiusettias, dozen ... 8 0-13 0 Pnmulaa. per dozen 4 0-60 0-24 0 Solanums, dozen ... 6 0-12 0 0-30 0 Tulif,s, dozen pols ... 6 0-90 0-18 C 2 IS i'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fkbrtjaky K), 188'J. Cut Flowebs.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. AbutiUoDS, 12 bun.... 3 Anemone, Fr..l2bun. 2 AnimLilie3.12blooius 3 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, la blma, 2 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Christmas R:ses, 13 blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 2 Baffodils.dbl. 12biui. Jl — single, 12 bun.. ..12 Euchans, per dozen '■> Gardenias. 12 blooms 15 Heliotropes, 13 spr. 0 i Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria. 12 blooms 1 Lilac, « Mite Fr.. bun. 4 Li!y-oI-VaI.. 12 ^pr. U Marguerites, 12 bua. 3 0- 6 0 0- 6 11 u- li U H- 1 U n 1 6 0- 4 0 0- 3 0 6- 1 G 6- 1 0 0- i 0 0- Vi U 0- IK 0 0- 6 0 (1- JO 0 6- 1 0 0- 1 ti (i- 3 0 0- rt 0 ti- 1 0 0- 6 0 Afignooette, 12 bun. 2 Xarcis., paper-white, (.French), 12 bun... 2 — double. 12 bun .. 1 Pelargoniums. 12 spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Poinsettias, do/.. ... 3 PriniroM.-s, 12 bun.... 1 Primula.s. dbl.. l;;3p. 1 Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 — coloured, dozen. 2 — red, per dozen ... 6 — Safrano, dozen... 2 Snowdrops. 12 buu... 1 Sofrano (.Fr.), doz.... 1 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 12 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 2 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 Violets. 12 bunches... 1 — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme. Fr.. bun. 4 Wallllowers, 12 bun. 4 — Frt'uch, 12 bun. 1 d. s. d. 0-4 0 0-6 0 0-3 0 0- 1 6 (j- 1 0 0-6 0 0- 1 6 0- 1 6 0 6 0 0-4 0 0-9 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 0- 3 0 0-15 0 0 4 0 8- 1 0 0- 1 6 6 2 Ij 0- f> 0 0- (5 0 (3- 2 3 Fruct.— Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Cobs, 100 lb. ..,100 0-110 0 s. d. s. d. Grapes, per lb. ... 10-36 Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Asparagus, English, per 100 5 0- ... — French, bundlelS 0- ... Beims, .Jersey and Frencli, per lb. ... 1 ti- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle... 16-20 .10-... . 3 0- ... . 1 0- ... , 0 6- ... , 0 4- ... s. d. s. d. Cucumbers, each Endive, per dozen , Green Mint, bunch. Herbs, per bunch . Leeks, per bunch , Lettuce, per dozen , Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... POTATOS.— Beauty of Hebroi to 90s. ; Dunbar Regents, 110s. York Magnums, 100s. per ton Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- .,. Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 8- ... Peas, French, per lb. 1 0- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 — new French, lb. 0 6- ,.. Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- ... Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- ... ■SOs. to 1005. ; Imperators, 70s. do. Magnums, 120s. ; and SEEDS. London: Feb. 13. — Meaars. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-day's market thinly attended, with not much business passing. As might be expected, the severe wintry weather naturally checks for the time the demand for farm seeds; meantime stocks are in moderate compass, and values all round keep steady. Quotations for red Cloverseed come strong from America, and also f.'-om the Continent. In Trefoil there has been a further advance. Alsike and white unchanged. Uye-grass still neglected. There is an increased inquiry for Sanfoin. Both winter and s]>ring Tares are dearer. Peas and Haricots are firm. For birdseeds the sale is slow. CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending February U : — Wheat, '2',}s. Id. ; Barley, 2(is. 45. ; Oats, 165. Id. For the corresponding week in 1888:— Wheat. SOs. od^. ; Barley. SOs. U,\ Oats, 15s. 10(/. FB.T7IT ANB VEGETABLES, Spitalfields : Feb. 1*3. — Smaller supplies of green vegetables owing to the inclement weather ; prices higher. Good supplies of Potatos. Trade fair. Quotations: — Savoys, 2s. to t}3. per tally; Greens, 6s. to 10s. do.; Cauliflowers, Is. per dozen; Broccoli, bd. to Is. do. ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. Qd. per half-sieve ; Turnip-tops, 2s. to 2s. 6(/. per sack ; Spinach, 2s. ',)(/. to os. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. ;>/, to Is. ijd. per punnet ; Parsnips, H(^. to 1,--. per score ; Beetroots, 8'/. to Is. per dozen ; Parsley, 7s. to lOs. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 2.s. 6(/. do. ; Carrots, Is. Of/, to 2s 6f/. do. ; forced Rhubarb, Is. Hd. to 2s. GfZ.do. ; Horseradish, PV. to Is. "lil . per bundle ; Celery, 8s. to 14s. per dozen bundles ; Kndive, 2s. per dozen ; American Apples, Its. Gr/. to 15s. per barrel; English do., 3s. to Os. per bushel; do., Is. ^d. to 3s. per half-bushel; English Unions, 6s, 6''^.to 7s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 8s. Qd. to 10s. per case ; Dutch do., 4s. to 4s. Gc/. per bag ; Bel- gian do., 4s. to 4s. GfZ. do. ; pickling do., bs. to 6.s. ; Carrots, 2Us to 30s. per ton ; Mangels, 16s. to 18s do. Stratford: Feb. 12. — Both trade and supply havp been good during the past week. Cabbages, 25. ^d. to 3s. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. ''id. tu 2s. per dozen ; Turnips, 2s. i^d. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; do., 30s. to 4Us. per ton; household Carrots, 25s. to SOs. do.; Parsnips, ^d. to Is. per score; Mangels, \os. to ISs. per ton; Swedes, 15s. to 20s. do.; Unions, English, lOOs. to 120s. do.; Apples, English, 2s. Qd. to os. per bushel ; do., American, lis. to 13s. per barrel; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. Gf/. per dozen bunches ; Celery, M. to Is. per roll ; Beetroot, Md. per dozen ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. 6(^ per half sieve ; Oranges, 2s. M. to 2s. Gf7. per 100. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : Feb. 12. — The weather has interrupted supplies somewhat, but there has been quite suihcient for demand, which is limited, and confined almost entirely to best cjualities:— Regents, Scotch, 90s. to 125s. ; English. GOs. to 100s. ; Hebrons. 60s. to lOtJs. ; Magnum Bonums, Scotch, 00s. to 1255.; English, 60s. to llM.)s. ; other growths, 505. to 90s, per ton. Spitalfields: Feb. IS.— Quotations: — Champions, oos. to GOs. ; Regents, 75s. to 110s. ; Imperators, 75s. to 855. ; Hebrons, 705. to 755. ; Magnums, iSiys. to 80s. per ton. Stratford : Feb. 12.— Quotations :— Scotch Mag- nums, 90s. to lOOs. ; do., Regents, 85s. to llOs. ; English Regents, 70s. to 905. ; do. Magnums, 605. to 90s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week consisted of 878 bags from Hamburg, and 2 packages from Flushing. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the vai-ious metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, prime old, 120s. to 144s. ; do., good second, 60s. to 110s. ; do.: inferior, 3Gs. to 70s.; do., new, 85s. to 110s.; inferior, do., GOs. to SOs. ; Hay, prime meadow. 120s. to 126s. ; new, do., 80s. to lOOs. ; inferior, SOs. to 75s.; old, IlOs. to 12Gs. ; straw, old, 42s. to 48s. ; do., new, 28s. to 42s per load. Enquiries. — ♦ — "He that questioneth much shall learn much," — BxcoN. liuMULUs .lAi'OML'us. — I should be obliged if any of your readers who have grown the Humulus japonicus wouUl inform me whether it is really very ornamental, and superior to our Hop, which belongs to the same genus, and is a deciduous perennial which is certainly a disadvantage. The white flower appears from drawings to be rather large. It is not yet in all catalogues, but the price in one that 1 have is much too high — Is. tid. and '2s. Gd. per packet— as some of the first seedsmen in England and Germany offer it for much less. Joe!: of that III;. Notices to Correspondents. . • Intelligent Readers, do please Note that lettcn relating to AnvERTiSEaiENTS, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such communications should be written on one side only of the paper, ^.wCi. sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. Balsa.ms : G. 8. Sow in tlie beginning of April, and grow the plant on quickly in mild bottom- beat, with plenty of air on every favourable occa- sion, and always keep the plants close to the glass. Canary Island Fruit-s : //. H. M. Poma rosa = Rose Applu (Eugenia Janibos) ; Aguncate = Avocado or Alligator I'ear (Persea gratissima). Only curiosities in this country. Celosi.\.s : G. S. Sow in March in a hotbed, plunging the pot in leaf-mould or coal-ashes to the rim, and when furnished with two or three true leaves they should at once be prickfd-ofl' into pots or pans of leaf-mould and peat, with a fair amount of silver-sand added. Keep them close to the glass when potted oil', and give air from the first freely but carefully. Celsi.\s : G.MLildc. If required to flower early sow on a hotbed in March, or in the open ground in June. The plants must be taken indoors for for the winter in any case. C. arcturus is propa- gated by cuttings. Dracxnas: J. S. The insect sent is one of the weevils. Trap them and destroy them at once. Do not stick a pin through them while still alive, and send them in that condition through the post. It would not be humane to treat a political prisoner in that way I Erratum.— At p. 182, col. A, at end of article on *' Pine-apples," for GO'a and 82'8, read 6-incb and 8-inch. Hydrangeas: A. B. The statement in question is generally credited, but we are not aware of any definite experiments in support of it. The salts employed are often given by florists to young plants after they are struck, especially when these are flowered in the first year. A common practice with market growers. LvsECTs : H. B. The insects which have eaten through the underground portions of the stems of the Lily of the Valley are caterpillars of a moth (all dead, but evidently those of the small brown Swift moth). Sift the earth carefully where the FiCi. 41.— THE SWIKT MOTH. drooping plants show the enemies to be at work, also water with gas-tar water mixed with soap-sudf, and put soot on the surface round the plants. W. Kerosene Emulsion : A. B. Prof. Riley's formula is as follows : — Kerosene, 2 gallons = 67 per cent. ; common soap h lb., water 1 gaUon = 33 per cent. Boil the soap and water, and add it while boiling to the kerosene ; churn the mixture by a force- pump and spray-nozzle for five or ten minutes. The 3 gallons of emulsion, so prepared, forms a thick cream, to use which one part should be mixed with nine parts of cold water, and used with a spray-pump. Lastrea riLis mas: A. E. It is deciduous. Madeira Whortleberry: Peak. Vaccini'um padi- folium, syn. V. maderense. Its fruits are pink and green coloured. Names ov Fruits: J. H. J. 28, Cellini ; bS> Durae- low's Seedling; 78, Claygate Pearmain ; 1, Bed- fordshire Foundling ; 27, Yorkshire Beauty. Names ov Plants: J. E. 1, Picea Menxiesii; 2, Thuia (Retiiiospora) obtusa ; 3, Picea nigra ; 4, Jjibocedrus decurrens ; i), Cupressus Lawsoniana, golden var. ; (J, Juuiperus virginiana, probably; 7, a variety of Thuia, or Biota, orientalis; 8, Thuia occidentalis. — E.M.E. Dendrobiura I*ier- ardii.— C. B. 1, Fittonia VersciiaflVlttii ; 2, F. argyroneura ; 3, Peperomia argyreia ; 4, Mono- chaetium sp. ; i), Ardisiu creuulata ; (i, next week ; 7, Iresine aureo-reticulata. Iresine with crimson leaves is I. Ilerbstii. National CHUYyANniEMUM SocrKiv ; Couukction. — Mr. W. Holmes desires to correct the statement in his report of the above in our last issue, thai .t^l02 IM. had been received from the Shellield and Ilallamshire Chrysanthemum Society; it sliould have been Shefiield and Went Riding Chrysanthe- mum Society. Odontoui.ossum Rossi ma.iu3 : C. W. K. The coloured lip is not very common, but we have seen it before. The colouring may not be con- staut. Orchid Roois e.iten : T, M, A'. The creatures enclosed with your letter are cockroacbea. Lae a Febeuaey 16, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 217 phosphor-paste poison. Of course you must persevere regularly in your treatment. Put the paste on pieces of paper, and let them remain during the night. About every third night repeat the process. OfiNAMENTAL GouHDs : Jock of that Ilk. Larger and smaller Turban, or Turk*s-head; Hercule'a Club; scarlet fruited. Melon-shaped varieties; Valparaiso Oval, or Pepo ; Summer Crookneck ; Winter do. ; Olive Gourd, Orange, and Warted Custard. Get seeds only from the best firms, and you will then not be deceived with worthless varieties. All those Gourds which bear yellow flowers are edible ; the white-flowered, on the contrary, are doubtful, and some poisonous when eaten. Peach Shoots : ff. T. T. The shoots show weak- ness in the tree, perhaps from improper soil, and consequent dying off of the fine roots. An un- suitable stock might ciuae the evil observed ; and so would excessive flowering and cropping. Trees in bad health frequently bloom very abundantly, and are benefited by removing three-fourths of them as soon as open ; and if fruits are left 1 to a square foot the trees will sometimes recover, but never if the cause is unsuitable stocks. Without being on the spot we cannot say with certainty why the shoots have died back. SciLLA italica: C. W. S. Ustilago Vaillantii of Tulasne : not uncommon. Showy Annuals for a Ribbon Boeder : G. S. Virginian Stock, dwarf Tropteolums, Clintonia pulchella, Calendula officinalis Meteor, Clarkia integripetala, and C. pulchella in variety ; Erysi- num Peroff"skianum, Nemophila in variety, Tagetes signata pumila, Ten-week stock raised in heat. Thistles : Jock of that Ilk. Carduus Marianus, with handsome variegated foliage ; C. acaulis, almost stemless purple flowers in large heads, leaves pinnatifid, smooth, prickly; Carlina vul- garis, the Carline Thistle ; Carduus nutans, the Musk Thistle. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. William Watt. L5, St. John Street, Perth — Seeds. Wm. Cutbush & Son. Highgate Nurseries, London, N.— Hybrid Gladioli. Hogg & Wood, Coldstream, N.B. — Seeds. William Strike, 62, High Street, Stockton-on- Tees — Seeds. Laing & Mather, Kelso, N.B. — Seeds, &c. John Waterer & Sons, Bagshot, Surrey — Rho- dodendrons, Trees and Shrubs, &c. B. R. Davies, The Teovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somer- set— Begonias. Thos. Piper & Sox, Maresfield, Sussex — Seeds. C. W. Cousins, 13, High Street, Wood Green, N.— Seeds, Trees. &c. Ant. Roozen & Son, Overveen, near Haarlem, Hol- land— Dutch and Cape Bulbs, &c. WiLLiAsi Holmes, Hackney, London — Chrysanthe- mums. WiLLL^ai Shand, New Street, Lancaster— Seeds. James Dickson & Son, 32, Hanover Street, Edin- burgh, N.B.— Seeds. McNRo & Ferguson, 33, St. Andrew Square, Edin- burgh— Seeds, &c. ]\ichard Dean', Ealing, London, W. — Herbaceous Plants and Potatos. Vilmokin-Andhieux & Co.,4, Quai de la M^gisserie, Paris, France — Seeds, Bulbs, &;c. Jasces Yates, 29, Little Underbank, Stockport — Seeds. WiLLLAM N. Craig, Kendal. — Seeds. Charles B. Saunders. Cesarean Nurseries, St. Saviour's, Jersey — Fruit Trees, &c. W. Atlee Burpee & Co., 133, Cannon Street, Lon- don, E,C. (and Philadelphia, U.S.A.)— Seeds. W. Hean Quick & Co., Barnstaple — Farmers' An- nual and Catalogue. Communications Received.— H. J. R., Florence (with many thanks). -H. H. CO.— J. D.—C. W. S.— J. O. W.—M. C. C. —Lord R.-E. P.— C. E., Paris.— S. C. Melun.— H. & W.— \V. S.— W. R.- W. W.— J. W.— F. J.. Eastbourne.-J. H. K. . liaarltm.— C. de B., Antwerp.— J. B.— H. E., Ryde.— H. C. & Sons.— Comte de K.— W. N. & Co.— F. W. B. (we will \ endeavour to comply^with your wishes). — M. W. — E. B., Erfurt (shortly).— A. R.. Paris.— F. S.— C. N.— G. N.— A. 0. W — J. Hicks.— F. W. S.— H. Sella.— F. C. E.— M. & Co.— J. Corderoy- J. Carter St Co.— E. W. G. (next week). — G. Nottage.- H. J. R.— W. G P. G.— J. G. B.— A. B.— R. D.— F. W. B.-J. J. W.— A. H.— The Blue Primula.— J. R. J.— P. S. N.— H. Low & Sons.- E. M.— W. W.— A. E. J. C. C. ^* Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution. must not expect in all cases to obtain an answer to their en- qtaries in the current week. ABIES DOUGLASII OLAUCA, 3 to 4 feet, 18.^. per doz. ; 4 to R feet, 34s. ; Ji to 6 feet, 36s. ABIES MENZIESII. 3 to 4 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 4 to 6 feet, 9s. ABIES PAREYANA, 14 toBfeet, 24s. perdoi.; 2 toSfeet, 36s. PINi;S BOLANDERI, 3 to 3 feet. Us. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet. 13s. PINl'S CEMBRA, 3 to 4 feet. 45. per doz. ; 6 to 6 feet, 6s. PINUS CONTOKTA, 2 to 3 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, 6s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 9s. All are from well-rooted, healthy plants ; one plant of each variety for &s., or one plant of each size for IHs., secnrely packed in mats. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. To tlie Trade. VEQETABLE and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL QUOTATIONS for all the beat kinds of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS grown thisseaaon from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices will be found advantageous to purchaseis. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; • best value and cheapest housein the Trade. The beat cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 25., 3 bushel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Bank&ian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILIUM AURATITM, Imported Bulba. id., d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6rf. ,, 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST ) Is. per bush.. 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ( (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24j. ton. RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s, per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S " PERFECT" FER-^J In BaQ8. TILIZER (the Best Food for f . *^ — ^ all kinds of Plants, Flowers, fTins. 71b. 14lb. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VLRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/~ 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GITANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for I'oiil try Pens, Rabbits. &c., in Sacks, ls.6s. ; I Quart. 3s. 6rf. ; 1 Pint, 2s. Testimonials and full particulars upon application. J. BENTLEY, Chemical Works, Barrow-on-Humber. HulL SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make ^1 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. Tho only kind to use is "Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILI P HARRIS AND CO.fLimi ted), 9, Bull RiuK. Birmingham. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 agaioat Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Rlight. 1 to 2 ouncea (o the gallon of soft- water ; -1 to 16 oum^es as winter dres^tiiig for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in hithtT from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to bupersede it. Boxes, Is., 3.*., and lOs. Oi/. GISHURSTINE keeps ISoots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 0(/. and l.«., from tlie Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLF. COMPANV (Limiled), London. ATATS, NETTING, TIFFANY, KAFFIA, J-'J- Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Brown Fibrous I'E AT, Coarse and Fine SAND, &c. Giirdenera, &»■., will save 25 per cent, by sending for our LIST (post-free) befuro ordering elsewhere. BRINKWORTH AND SONS. Reading. GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, RafBa, Mats. Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, ate. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames Streflt. London. K.C. CANKEY'S " JURKET I'OT," or LONG O TOMS, the beat " Garden Pot" for Bedding Plnnis and Market Work. The 3-iu. Market Pot holds us much soil as an ordinary 3^in. pot. thus saving half an inch in room for cai'-h pot. Five sizeM. .3 in.. Z\ in., \ in., 4J in., and 4J in. ; no rims, nearly upricht, an inch to li inches deeper than usual, very strong and mucnlijihtTin weight— the very pot for Market Growers ; great econumyio room and weight. Largest Stock In United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AMD SON, BulwoU Potteries, Nottingham. Febbuart 16, 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE. 219 HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &,C. SEND FOR PRICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. NO FEES for PRELIMINARY ADVICE and INFORMATION. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. THE TRUE POSITION OF PATENTEES. By H. Moy Thomas. London : SIMPKIN and MARSHALL. Is. 9 aud 10, SOUTHAMPTON" BUILDINGS, LONDON, W.C. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural nuiLDKR.-? and Heating Kngineers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every lioscripliou, in cither Wood or Irou, or both combiiKHi. Wooden Chapels, Shooting LodRcs, Ttmnis Courta, Cottngoa, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for wiirming Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 38. q^ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, l^d.per J- yard ; 10.t. per 100 yards ; -'5 yards, 2 yards widi-, post- free, 4s. ; 4 yards wide, 3U. per yard, 20s. per luo. NKW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh. 1 ■» nrd wide. '2d.; 2 yards wide, 3(i.; 4 yards wide, (irf. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees, &c.). PILCHAHD NETTING, 12 yards wide, J-inch mesh, !^d. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127. Field Road. Forest Gate. London. E. SANKEY'rf "MARKET POT," or LONG TOMS, the best " Garden Pot " for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3J in. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3^ in.. 4 in., 4^ in., and 4 J in. ; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to IJ in. deeper than usual, very strong and muchlighterin weij^ht — thevery potfor MarketGrowers; great econom> inrooraand weight. LargestStockin United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY AND SON, Bulwell Potterie.H, Nottingham. SCIENTIFIC PRUNING and TRIMMING MADE SAFE, EASY, and RAPID. T/ie New and Latest Inventionfor Scientijic Prunm^ Trimmivg aiid Thinyiing-out on a laryc scale. THE GIANIPRUNER. The great success of the "Standard" Tree Pruner and the " Myticuttah" has induced ua to give our attention to the pro- duction of a somewhat similar Implement, but of a much more powerful construction. In the Giant Pruner you have a tool capable of EASILY cutting a branch 7 inches in circumference, with an exerting pressure of 1^ tons, in 13 seconds. Lengths from 2 feet to 12 feet. Prices from 22s. to 305. For Illustrated Price LISTS (in English. French. German, Si.c.) of above and other Novelties in Pruning Tools. Fruit and Flower Gatherers, &c,, apply to the Principal Ironmongers and Seedsmen at home and abroad ; or of the ■nioua Hand to Hand Pruner. The New and Id " MYTICUTTAH " (Registered Trade Mark and Title). Patented in Great Britain, France, and Gcrmani/. Hitherto, strictly correct Pruning could only be done by holding the branch with one hand and using a Knife with the other, but thten only for hmall branches, whereas the "Myticuttah" itself holds the branch, cutting over an inch indiameter. and in case of prickly bushes. Sec, it saves the hands from injury. Garden and Lopping Shears, which hack and bruise the branch, are entirely superseded by this new Patent, and its many advantages will at once commend it to the practical Gardener or Fore.ster. Sole Proprietors and Maicen : THE STANDARD MANUFACTURIHS COMPANY, ST. ALKIVIUND'S CHURCHYARD, DERBY. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. Fbom To W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Steeet, Steand, LONDON, W.C. Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for commencing , for which 1 enclose P. 0.0 1889. Months, ^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. &d.; 3 Months. 3s. 9rf.; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIFi'IONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. &rl. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19*. dd. Receipts for less than six months" subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P. 0,0. to be made payable at the Post Offiee, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. CAeguea should be created '• DBVWHOND." a.c, Feb. 16, 1889. 220 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEBBUiBT 16, 1889. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock /^ T A Q Q always on Hand. \J[ Xj }\. O O ■ Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITGH, LONDON, E. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAKOTJS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, and finish ; enormous stocka. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different sizes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders; half carriage on £o. RICHARD SANKEY and SOX, Bulwell Potteries. Nottingham. IRON AND WIRE ESPALIER. EAYLISSi' JONES, & BAYLISS, WOLVERHAMPTON, LundoTi OIHcPs and Sliow Rooms: 1:^9 & 141, Cannon St., E.G. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIG I DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR ^LANTSI REGISTERED ■ *^ TRADE MARK] FRIGI DOMO lGISTEREd ■ ^ TRADE MAP R PRICE LIST & PARTICULARS AoDRES- RENJAMIN I7DGINGT0N BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL -wrkX) TTTT/ITJ BriLDERs, NORWICH. Wo. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This Frame is stroriK and very handy to use. Plaots grow very strong and quickly in this form, owing to is ample Tipht and ventilation. The bides of the Frames are H inches high, the ridge is ^ feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed witli 21-0/.. English glass, and painted four times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 3 „ „ 5 ;: ;; CARRIAGE 19 paid lo nny Btation in England anc to Ihiblin, Cork. Deny, Glisgow, and Edinburgh, or equivalent. n England and Wales, ■tationi OATALOOUBB FOBT-FREB. o o^ O^ ROBINSON & CLEAVER'S ROYAL IRISH DAMASK TABLE AND HOUSE LINEN. •pISH NAPKINS, 2s. \\d. per dozen. THINNER NAPKINS. B«. 6^. per dozen. rpABLE CLOTHS, 2ydB. square. 2».llrf.; ^ %\ yards by 3 yards, 6s. W. tions may be Bent. ASpecimen Copy post-free for lOrf. (stamps). Farms, Estates, Residences. Any one desiroiw of Renting a Farm or Residence, Purchasing an Estate, can have copies of the MIDLAND COUNTIES' HERALD supplied free for six weeks on stating the purpose for ■which the paper is required, forwarding name and address, and BIX halfpenny st-nmps for postage, addrewrti " Midland Counties Herald Office, Birmingham.' The MiiJtand Counties Herald always contains large numbers of advertisemouta relating to Farms, Estates, and Residences for Sale and to be Let. FOR SALE, " DICTIONARY of GARDEN- ING- and " p:NCYCLOP^DIA.'" quite new, price £2 10/. ; also "THOMPSON'S GARDENER'S ASSISTANT." lbs. Apply, X. Y. Z., 3, Granville Road, St. Albans. Belgian. „ BULLETIN d'ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with superb Coloured Platei and Illustrations. Published since 1865, by F. BURVE- NICH, F. PaYNAERT, E. RoDIGAS, and H. J. VAN HULLK, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern- ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardi-ns, Ghent. Belgium. I>EVUE de VHORTICULTURE liELGE \) et ETRANGERE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review) — 13th year. — Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre. C. Ealtet, F. Bur\'enich, F. Crepin, O. de Kerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx. T. Moore, C. Naudin. B. Oliveira, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas. O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son. H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem. H. J. Veitch, A West- mael. and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the Ist of every month, in parts of 24 pages, 8to, with two coloured Plates and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom:— One year, 145. payable in advance. Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, Ghent. AM. C. JOXGKINDT-CONINCK begs to • intimate that he has a few Vacancies for Young Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of his tuition in PRACTICAL and THEORETICAL HORTICULTURE. BOTANY. BOTANICAL TERMINOLOGY, LANDSCAPE (GARDENING. BOOK-KEEPING, anl COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE in DUTCH, GERMAN, ENGLISH, and FRENCH. The highest possible reference?, English and Continental, can be given. — Full particulars as to terms. &c., upon application. A. M. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK, Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. VOUNG LADIES who WANTT TO BE J- INDEPENDENT, and maVe their own way in the world, sliould write tor a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DKES3 CUrTINU ASSOCI.4TION. 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations found for all Pupils at good sjilaries. ORTUGUESE, SPANISH, FRENCH, ITALIAN, DUTCH, GERMAN, DANISH, SWEDISH, RUSSIAN. ARABIC, BENGALI. &e. HAltWOOD AND CO., Translators, 57, Barton Arcade, Manchester. OASDENINa APFOINTMENT. Mr. Albert AVillis has been appointed as Head Gardener to John Bebkbeck, Esq., Anly Hall, Settle, Yorkshire. ANTED, a good WORKING GAR- DENER, thoroughly experienced with Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Glass, a few Orchids, Goat, and Poultry. Non- smoker and total abstainer preferred. Only those need apply who can give excptional references.— Apply, by letter only, W., 173, Trinity Road. Upper Tooting. London, S.W. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENEK. for School Kitchen Garden, &c. Hard- working, married, no family, not over 45. Wages 19.T. a week and good rooms.— Rev. JOHN CHAPMAN, Gt. Ealing School, Ealing, W. ANTED, an active young Man, as SECOND GARDENER (North Country jireterred); well up Inside and Out.— Apply, by letter only, stating wages and full par- ticulars, to K., H. Kershaw & Sons, 91, Welllield Koad, Streatham, Surrey. Third Gardener. WANTED, Strong young MAN, for Indoors and Out. I4s. per week. Bothy.— Write full par- ticulars to GEO. HAWKINS, Ewenny Priory Gardens, Bridgend, Glamorganshire. WANTED, for a Provincial Nursery, a WORKING PROPAGATOR for Roses, Clematis, Rhododendrons, Fruit and Ornamental Trees; Young Man preferred. State .ige, experience, and wages expected. — Apply.to F.C.N UTTINQ and SON. 109. South wark Street, E C. ANTED, a GROWER for Market, Cucumbers. Toraatos, Grapes. Cut Flowers.— Apply by letter, stating age, wages, and experience, to C. LARK- MAN, Hampton, Middlesex. ANTED, AT ONCE, until the end of the Summer, a young MAN to Assist Inside and Out. — JOHN SHEPHERD, The Gardens, Ashby St. Ledgers, Rugby. Seed Trade. WANTED, a TRAVELLER and SHOP- MAN combined, for the Retail Trade.— Apply, with particulars, to PIERPOINT and CO., Horse Market, Warrington. ANTED, a JUNIOR ASSISTANT for Seed Sliop. — Apply, stating references, to JNO. JEFFRIES ASD CO., Oxford, w WANT PLACES. Gardeners, Farm-BaUlffs, Foresters, &c. DICK SONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER." RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that tbey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c, — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. ARDENER (Head).— Age 31, married; good practical experience in all branches. Highly recommended. Abstainer.— W. A. HODGE, 15, Lansdowne Terrace, Archway Road, Highgate. N. ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Mr. A. Bef.ch. Head Gardener to Edgar Hibbert, E^q., Ashby St. Ledger's Lodge, Rugby, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly practical man as above. ARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Excellent testimonials. Eleven years with present employer. — ROBERT ANDREWS. The Gardens. Forde Abbey, Chard. ARDENER (Head); age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a thoroughly competent man. thev can be accommodated by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghk-y. Stamford. GARDENER (Head). —Age 34, married, two children ; sixteen years' practical experience. Seven years' good character from present employer. — J. HART- LAND, Canon Frome Gardens, Ledbury. Orchid Grower, r^ ARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married; yjT skilful Orchid, Grape, and Pine Grower. Many years Head Gardener where every branch has been thoroughly carried out. Twenty years' references. — F. COX, 30J, George Road. Edgbaston. Birmingham. ARDENER (Head).— Sir Thomas Which- COTE, who is reducing his Gardening Establishment, wiahea to recommend his Head Gardener ; he is thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession, and has held his present position for twenty-eight years. — Aswarby Tark, Folkingham. Lincolnsliire. r> ARDENER (Head Wop.kino).— Age 33, \^ married; sixteen years' experience in all branches; also good Bee-keeper. Good references. — E. HUNT, Sutton ou- Hill, Derby^ G~^RDENER (Head Working).- Age 30', single at present; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches. Good references. — R. D., 21, Ashbrook Road, Upper HoUoway, N. GARDENER (Head AVorking) ; age 3i>, single at present.— A i.nERT Pabrv, Shendi^h, Hemel Hempsted, is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Gardener in all branches. Fourteen years' experience in good establishments; seven years' reference from present employer. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where more are kept. — Aged .'^9, married, two children ; over twenty years' thorough practical experience in 'all branches of the profession in good establishments. Highest references as to ability and character. — GILBERTS, ^Brixworlh Hall, Northamptonshire. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married; thorough good practical Gardener. 'Twenty years' experience in Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers; Tomatos, Stove, and Greenhouse, Plants. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Abstainer. Highly recommended. Please state full particulars of place.— GARDENER, 3, Albert Terrace, Castle Hill. Ealing. W. GARDENER (Head AVorking), or FORE- MAN. — Age 27, single; thirteen years' experience. First-class references. Two four years' characters. — W. H.\M- MOND, Newton Hall. Dunmow, Essex. ARDENER (Head or SixGLE-nANDKn.-- Age 34, married, no family ; good experience in Forcing Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables, Good references. — A. RIDEK, 3, Shaftesbury Road, Upton Park. E. GARDENER.— No family ; experienced in all branches. Understands Cows. Good character.— T. A., 4, Nelson Roid, Horsham, Sussex, GARDENER. — Age 24, married, no family ; Five years' experience. Kitchen Girden, Lawn. — G. EVERSFIELD. Grove Park. Lee, Kent. r^ ARDENER,— Age 30, single; thoroughly vT experienced in all branches of Gardening, Four year:*' good character from previous employer. — T. T., b2. Castle Street, Coventry. ARDENER (WoRKiNa).— Age 39, married, no family; experienced in nil branches. Land and Stock if required. Good charact^^r. Please state wages. — R. S.. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). — Age 26; eiglit years' practical exerience Inside and Outside, Good characters from present and previous em- ployers,— M., Coiiisliriid Priory, Phurston, Lancashire. GARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept. — Nine years* experience. Inside and Out. Good character. Total abHlniner. Bothy preferred. — W. H. A., Mre White, 103, Pattison Road, Plumateod. Februaet 10, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONTCLE. 228 C~1 ARDEXER (Skcon'h).— Age lTi, single ; X uinlerstmuls Stovf and Greenhouse Work. No objection to ii little O.itsi.le. Goo.1 chiiracter.— A. S.. U, I'littenlinm. tJuildforii. Surrey. GARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept.— Thoroughly stetidy nnd indiiatriona. Total alwtainer. First-class reference^.— W., The Gunlens, Hlount llaseal. Beslov. Kent. GARDENER (Skcond or Third), under a gootl Gardener.— .\ge 23; bothy not objected to. Six years' good character.— Mr. RIXON. Westwood, Great Horkes- iey, Colchester, Essex'. GARDENER (Skcond), or PLE.VSURE- GROrND FOREMAN; apie IJo.— Mr. XlsninT, The Gar- dens, Bulwell Hfill, will be pleased to recommend to nny Gardener or Geatlemati as above. Two years in present situation. GARPEXER (Under), under a Foreman preferred. — .\ge 19; steady and active young man. — U. LASKEY. Careby. Sta mtord. GARDENER (UNDKn). — Age 22; eight years' good character and experience from last place. — A. W., 20, St. John's Terrace, Clay Hill, Enfield. N. GARDENER (Under), where one or more are kept.— Age 24 ; good character.— T. BRINKLOW, Horn Hill. Chalfont St. I'cters. Slough. Bucks. (^ ARDENER (Under).— Age 18, single ; has jf had experience both Inside and Out. Six years' good cliaracter.— W. HOMEWOOD, Matfield Road, Brenchlev. Kent. GARDENER (Under); age 24.— Advertiser (tall) seeks a situation under a practical man'; some knowledge of Latin. — M. G. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Under).— C. J. Goldsmith Kelscy Manor Gardens, Bc-ckenham, will be glad to recommend Two Younp Men, who have lived with him two years, and are leaving for no fault. GARDENER (Under).— Young; no objec- tion to a Single-handed Place. Three years' good charac- ter from last place, and live previous. Good reference, — A. C, Mr. Stacy. The Gardens, Empi^hott, Peterslieki. Hants. GARDENER (Under), Inside, in a good establishment. — Age 21; bothy p-eferred. Six years' experience. Good character. Total abstainer.- J. GREEN, The Gardens, Shenstone, Cray ford, Kent. MANAGER, or FOREMAN.— Age 36 ; first- class Grape, Cucumber, and Cut-flower Grower. Ex- perienced in Laying out Grounds. Hardy Plant Growing, &c. — E. v.. Gardener, Belmont Grove, Chislehurst. FOREMAN, in good place. — Eleven years' experience in general work. Well up in Orchids. Bothy preferred.— ADVERTISER, 33, Hungerford Road, Lock-brook, Bath, FOREMAN, Inside, or Tniide and Out.— Age 27 ; twelve years' experience. Two and a half years' pood character from present plac«. — J. TUCKER, Caldy Manor Gardens, Birkenhead. FOREMAN. — AV. P. Roberts, Gardener, CnerdiMi Hall. Preston, would be pleased to recommend his late For.^nian (age 27), to any Gardener in want of a man well-up in his work. FOREMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept. — Age 27; good experience in Vines, Melons, Cucumbers. Greenhouse Plants, &c. Good references. — A. EAST. The Gardens Mae-^llwioh Castle, Glasbury, Radnor. FOREJIAN. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' expe- rience in first-class places. Good knowledge of Plants. Well up in early and Late Forcing. Can he highly recom- mended.— Addrejs. with full particulars, J. D. B., Annexe, County Asylum, Whittingham, Preston. Bonus of £2. or Donation of £6 to Gardeners' Orphan Fund. The Advertiser will give the above upon obtaining a good place as FOREMAN, in the Houses, or General. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' experience. First-class refer- enceg from previous employers. — D. G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. FOREMAN; age 25.— G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to Sir Henry Bessemer, Denmark Hill, S.E., can with confidence recommend his present Foreman who has been with him two years, to any Gardener requiring a trustworthy man. FOREMAN ; age25.— A. Hi'tty, The Gardens, Watergate, Emsworth, Hants, can recommend James Foster as above to any Gardener wanting a good steady man, well-up in General House Work, Fruit, and Plants. Eleven years' experience, FOREMAN ; age 25. — To any Gardener requiring a first-rate Working Foreman, with a good practical knowledge of Fruit Growing and House work gene- rally.—H. MAEKHAM, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, will be pleased to answer any question resppctiug his present Fore- man, who has been with him two years, and is in want of above situation. Trade. 1;j^0REMAN (Woukinu).— Age 32; re-engage- ment wanted. Tliorou[,'hly experienced in all branches, Excellent reforouces.— A., 9, Grove Place. Acton, W. OREMANjOr good SECOND.— Age 25; two years' good character from present place. — W. PRATT, 9, Mill Street, Aylesbury. Bucks. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN ; age 23; eight years' experience.- H. HUNTLEY, Powia Castle tiardens, Welshpool, can recommend Benjamin Wood a.s above, FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, In or Ont.— Age 26; thirteen years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers. — FRANK SKELTON, Pepper Arden, Northallerton, Yorks. ROPAGATOR and G ROWER. — Twelve years' aouud experience in the Trade. Good Salesman. Please state wages.— G. ARC'HKR, Talbot Road, Twickenham. To Nurserymen, PROPAGATOR (Assistant) and GROWER. Well up in Ferns and Palms, Nine years' experience, — W. WRIGHT. 11, Ceiiar Slre.t, Koillestou Road, Derby. To Nurserymen. GROAVER and ASSISTANT PROPA- GATOR. — Six years' experience in firsfc-class Midltind Nurseries. Well up in Wreathn, Crosses, &c. — A., 31, Cedar Street, Derby. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience; two years' good charac- ter, four previous. Can have good testimonials. — F. MILLS, Brookthorpe, near Gloucester. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the House ; Age 22; seven years' experience; good character.— A. SMITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish- ment.— Age 23; good ch;iracter from present and previous places. — R. WEBB, Brixworth Hall Gardens, Northampton. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good recommendations. Bothy preferred. — H. SNELL, Upton, St. Marychurch, Torquay. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out; age 22.~ Mr. PORTEOUS, Midgham Park, Reading. Berks, will be glad to recommend a strong, industrious young man. Four years in present place. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— Thomas Oldham, Malvern Hall Gardens, Solihull, Bir- mingham, would have pleasure in recommending a young man as above. Eight years' experience Insif^e and Out. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; three years in present place, four in previous. Good waterer. First-class referenciM. — C. LONGMAN, Eyams Gardfus. Marchwood, Southampton. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; three and a half years' experience. Bothy pref-'rred. — RICHARD CADWALLADER, CheUea Cottage, Weston, Baschureh. Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; good knowledge of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse. Eight years' experience. — J. HYGATE. 1, Southsea Terrace, Southsea Road, King,bli»her, at the Office. 41. Wellington St^et, Covent O""'""' I; .' f " '; " ;';. ^ Printed by WlLLIiM RiOHiRDS. at the Office ol Measrs. Bbadbury, Aokew. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Wh.tetrlars. Cty of Ixmdon ,n the County o! M.dd e,e. and ,>nhh.ho by the .aid WlLLUM RiOHiRDS, at the Offl.;e. 41. Wellington Street, Pari* of St. Paul's Covent O-.rden. in the said Counly.-SATl'RnAV. February lu, 1881). ARent for >tanclu..t,r-.7ouN Hr^«,>..l.. •Established No. 2513. 1841 No. 113.— Vol. V. / Third \ \ Semes./ SATUEDAY, FEBEUAEY 23, 1889. [Regt. as a Newspaper. fPfOE 3u< I Post-Feee. Sid. CONTENTS. Alpines, raiaiog Apiary Aoies bracteata Apple Ribston Pippin ... Apples, little known ... Books- Folk-lore of Plants ... Botnoy, geographical, &c. Cirrhopetalum pulchrum Commission ageut-s Cultural memoranda ... Cypripedium polituuiX . Euphorbia sp. Florists' flowers Flower garden Fruit prospects Fruits under glass Gladiolus Adlami Hardy fruit garden Horticultural Club .Tarr;ih timber fencing ... Kitchen garden Law— Hibbert v. Acton Local Board Locke V. Matthews ... Life in plants, tenacity of Morel, cultivatiou of the Obituary — Peacock, J. T TidsweU, E Odontoglossum lut-eo-pur- pureum rar. crispatum Orchid-houses .. notes Phaius Blumei Eemaysii Phalreoopsis growing ... Plant colour Plants and their culture . Potato disease Rhubarb Yaxley unforced Roses, new ! Saccolabium giganteum illustre Seed list'* Seeds and the season Smut fungi Societies — Edinburgh Botanical ... National Chrysanthe- mum ... Royal Horticultural ... Trade memoranda Tulip disease Tulips, bybloemen Ustilagineje, nature and action of Vanda Amesiana... ,, Kimballiana Violas at the Temple show Winter flowers Illustrations. Abies bracteata 2il Chimonanthus fragrans \ar. gr.indifloru9 '2:Hi Jasminum uudicaule ■..-., 2.i7 Lonicera fragrantis^ima 24-5 .. Standishii 24.=i Odontoglossum luteo-purpureum var. crisp ituni ... ... 2'.'>3 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances lohatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. HE GARUENERiS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America: — E.H. LIBBY. "The American Garden," 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. Important Notice. RICHMOND HOKTICULTUKAL SOCIETY. FIRST SPRING SHOW, MARCH 21 and 22. FIFTEENTH SUMMER SHOW. JUNE 26. Nearly all Open Classes. Large Prizes offered. Apply for Schedules to J. H. FORD, Hon. Sec. 22. George Street, Richmond. UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIKECT FROM SUTTON AXD SONS, KEABINO. s SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. — Now ready : price Is., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos. and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre. The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON ANT> SONS. Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE f.ee on application.— RICHARD SMITH AJO) CO., Nurserymen and Se^'d Merchants. Worcester. o RCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES Cl-PHEK. Exotic Kurseries, Chclteubam. M AIDENHAIK F E E N. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY. Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS of Delaux's, 1889 ; Cnnnell's, L.iinpj's. and Carters' of 1S88. Cheap to clear, or old stock for dispell. WANTED. EUCHA- RIS BULBS. A. D. HEALET, North Walsham, Norfolk. Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at, best Market Prices. Boxes, &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Depart- ment. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Covent Garden. W.C. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and disch;\rgpd by Henry Squelch; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Ulack Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices, Account Sales fnr- nifhed daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Emptieaand Labels Supplied. B;inkers' and other references. North Row. Covent Garden Market, W.C. WILLIAMS, 21, Catherine Street, and • Covent Garilen Flower Mark.>t. is open to BE 'EIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice FLOWERS, and any quantities of FERN. Best Prices. Returns Weekly, and Prompt. Good references. RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE andDISPOSEof any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. tjU, Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Keference : London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address— Adiantum, London. AfESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, iTi Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285. 286. 287. 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CON SIGN .ME NTS of Choice CUT FLuWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP." W. BARNHAM {late of Squelch & • Earnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention seLii'iug higheist Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labeb found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ARECHAL NIELS— MA RECHAL NIELS.— Highest market prices guaranteed for really good Blooms of the above.— HENKY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, ORCHIDS, EUCHARIS, ROSES, Maidenhair FERN, and any other choice Cut FLOWERS in quantity. Best Market Prices returned weekly. S. HILL. .Tun.. 21. Charlotte Street, Fitzroy Square, W.. and 363. Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. ANTED, GERANIUMS, Rooted Cuttings or Cuttings of the following sorts :— Niphetos, H. Jacoby, W. B. Gem, C. P. Gem. Flower of Spring.— Lowest price per 100 to A. MOORE, St. John's Nurseries, Spalding. ANTED, 5 or 6 bushels of ASH SEED. Address H. P. JIARRIOTT, Esq , Hildenley, Malton, stating price. ANTED, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES and SHALLOTS. Sample and price to J. W. BARNHAM. Salesman, Covent Garden Market, W.C. "\^r ANTED, all the Al^DRESSES of all the V V NIIRSERVMEN. SEEDSMEN, and FLORISTS in the UNITED KINGDOM (about 70lXi, or more); no PRIVATE GARDENERS— ONLY FOR THE TRADE, with statement of prices. ANT. VAN VELSEN, 42, Raamsingel. Haarlem. V TO JL Q L ILIUM AURATU M.— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILT OF JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 60 fine Bulbs, just as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, unopened and unexamined, at 2f>s. per Case ; sent Free to anv Railway Station in England and Wales on rece.pt of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Cases con- taining 100 fine Bulbs, price 405. Fine and sound Bulbs per dozen, is., 6s., 9s„ Vis., and 185. Mammoth Bulbs, 2s. ^. and 3s. 6f^. each. All sent packing and carriage free. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. W.C. ■^rERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE V of " FLORAL GEMS." free by Post to all applicants. VERTEGANS ANU CO.. Chad Valley Nurseries. liirmiui-'ham. ERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the GARDEN, free by Post on applica- tion to VERTEGANS AND CO.. Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. ERTEGANS' Illustrated CATALOGUE.— Those who have not received one of our Speciality Catalogues should lose no time in obtaining it. Free by Post. VERTEGANS AND CO., Chad Valley Nurseries. Birmingham. LARGE PLANTERS rf THORN QUICKS.— 1 to 11 foot. 9s. per 1000, £10 per 100.000 ; IJ to 2 feet, lis. per lOOO. f SO per 100.000 : 2 to a} feet. l:is. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 15s. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet. 1.1s. per 1000. GARLIKS MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stninnier. Full of Useful Information— No Charge. BARR'S 18Sy SEED CATALOGUE, now re.ady. In addition to the usual valuable information, will be founii special remarks on the Culture of the TOMATO and TOBACCO as INDUSTRIES, with a Special LIST of H IG H- CLASS POTATOS. handsome in form, pleasant in flavour, and bountiful croppers. CATALOGUE free on application to BARR AND SON. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. SEEDS. — Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individii;il articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collect ions at Filed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possib/e quality. Ij^NGLISH GROWN SEEDLING BRIERS, -J fit for immediate working, fine stuff, first size. 4tK'. jut 1000; second size, 2.'>s, per 1000; or 5s. and ^s. per JllO. Samples. 4 stamps. Cash with order. MANAGER. Sandygate Rose Nursery, Sheffield. S^TACHYS TUBREIFEKA,the new'lul.erous- O rooted Vegetable. Aw;irded First-tlass Certificate R. H. Society. Per lOo Uibers. Is. Gd. Free by Parcel-post. DICKSONS (LimitHd). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. pHKYSANTHEMUM CULTUKK.— V^ Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled for this purpose ; in tins. Is., 2s. 6rf., bs. Gd., and 10s. Gd. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AXD CO. (Limited), 9,Bull Ring. Birmingham. Ti 1 100 000 ^^1^™^ ^'-''^*^' • X^ l^yjyj'l \J\J\J instock. ready for imme HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT JL MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seed.-.men, and direct from w*. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid, London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10. Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON and SoNS, Clovenfords. Gala«hiels, N.B. 3^ in. diam., ^AV/V^WV instock. ready for immedi;ite delivery ; carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £^. Acknowledged by the trade to be the b^^t pots manutactured. Largest Stock and Largest Manufacturers in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY and SON. Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. END FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, post-free, for G stamps, deducted from first order. CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Worka, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. 226 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febedabt 23, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next-(Sale No. 7879.) standard and Dwarf KO.SES to name, Dwarf-trained. Pyra- mid, and Standard rRUIT TREES ; Hardy Ornamfnfal EVERGREENS and SHRUBS, CAKNATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, HOLLYHOCKS, DELPHINIUMS, IRIS, DAH- LIAS, and other Border Plants, in great variety ; Home- grown LILIUMS, FREESIAS. GLADIOLI, and other BULBS ; LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns. SPIRiEAS. and other HARDY ROOTS, for present Planting. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.. on WEDNESDAY, NEXT, February 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7879). 37,000 Fresh Seeds of COCOS VVEDPELLIANA, just to h.ind ; also 10,000 LILIITM AURATUM, and other BULBS, from Japan ; Pearl TUBEROSES, from America. &c. MR. J, G. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 27. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 78so,) 3000 CYPRIPEDIU.M ROTHSCHILDIANUM. Without the Least Reserve. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Messrs. Obree & Co.. Shipping Agents, of Southampton, to SELL by AUCTION, at bis Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, 'W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 28, at balf-past 12 o'clock precisely, 3000 CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, just to hand in big masses and grand condition, and to be sold absolutely without the least reserve. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 78S0.) ODONTOGLOSSUM ALESANDRiE, spotlied variety. IV/fR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his 1t-L SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.O., on THURSDAY NEXT. February 28, a splendid spotted variety of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRjE, with deep yellow lip. The plant carries 12 (lowers, and is thoroughly established. It has 6 bulbs. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next —(Sale No. 7.880.) CATTLEYA TRIAN-E. six splendid varieties in flower. MK. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 3S, King Street, Covent lijrden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT. Febmary 28, six superb forms of CAI'TLEYA TRIAN.E. in full flower. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale no 7880.) CCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in hi.s SALE by AUCTION at his Great Booms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT. February 2S. a grand speiimen cf CCELOGYNE CRISTATA ALBA, with 19 loads and 11 flower-spikes. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7880.) DENDROBIUM NOBILE. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. CovenfOarden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 28, a small consignment of DENDROBIUM NOBILE. The bulbs are most peculiar looking— very large and thick. On view morning of .Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7880.) A choice and extensive collection of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, including many tine specimens and rare species. MR. C. J. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Roomy. 38 King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, February 28. On view morning o£ Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale of Orchids in Flower ana Bud. MK. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place at his Great Rooms. ;JS, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY, March 13. at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this Sale will send list as soon as possible. Westerham, adjoining Railway Station. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE of thriving and beauti- fully grown NTRSEKY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. T. W. Edmunds to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Westerliam Nurseries, WesU-r- ham, Kent, on MONDAY, February 25. and following days, at 12 o'clock each day (in consequence of a portion of the Land being immediately required to be cleared for Seed Growing), an extensive quantity of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, in fir9t-clu».s condition for removal, comiirising, in all. loO.OOU Ornamental, Forest and Fruit Trees, of the u^ual description ; an abundance of very fiue Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, and Walnuts; 5000 best named Standard and Dwnrf Roses, thou- sands of Evergreen CoiiiiVne and Deci. Together with the Goodwill of the Old-established Seed Business, for many years successfully carried on under the style of Thomas Gibbs & Co. Also the Lease of the Warehouse and Stable, No. 2, Bridle Lane. Particulars of Messrs. HURFORD AND TAYLOR, Soliciturf, 5. Furnival's Inn, E.C. ; J- J. FREEMAN, Esq.. Solicitor, 2, Port's Corner, Westminster; at the Mart; and of Mextr^. EDWIN FOXasd BOUSFIELD. E)9, Gre-shamStreet, Bank. E C. 1?0R SALE, Small Freehold NURSERY, J- with good Dwelling-house, furni-hed with Vines nnOBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity V Road, Wandsworth, S.W., begs to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, to his large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TREES, also FRUIT TREES, SHRUBS, ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS, &c., which are in tioe condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by o^Ti vans within a radius of ti miles. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. c THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. DONATIONS and SUBSORIFTIONS WILL BK THANKFULLY RECEIVED BY A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. To til ft Ti's.rto HAND F, SHAKPE'S Wholesale CATA- • LOGUE of VEGETABLE SEEDS for 1889 has been forwarded to their customers, if those who have not received it will kindly inform them another one i^hall be sent. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Q/J l\l\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the \j\J^\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (soma of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s, per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5J-inch pots, 2s. 6a. each ; iieauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. Qd. each. Descriptive LIST on application. —RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen aud Seed Merchants, Worcester. pHKYSAIs'THL^lUMS.— 600 vars., true to V^ name, strong Cuttings, from Is, 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100 ; Plants, 2s. 6a. per dozen, 16s. per 100. Many of the best prizes and Silver Cups are taken by my customers. Price oi new sorts, see CATALOGUE, two stamps, of WM. ETHER- INGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swanscombe, Kent. A New Plant to English Gardens. HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED DOUBLE SUNFLOWER, " fioleil d'Or." See Gardeners' Chronicle, Jan. 26, ;y89, for illustration and full particulars, ■with a faithful drawing by Gertrude Hartland. Very large clumps, 2s. 6rf. each, post-free, 27s. 6d. per dozen. Second size ... Is. Oof. „ ., los. Od. „ The dozen lots for combined orders, carriage and post-free. " YEAR BOOK " of SEEDS for 1889. post-free. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old E.stublished Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following : — SEAKALE for Planting. 5s. per 100, iOs. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, .50s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf), 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS, Standards, 75s. per 100. DAMSON (Farleigh). Standards, lbs. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf- trained, 18s. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, a to 4 feet, extra fine, 20s, to 30s. per 100. WILLOWS, Weeping, 8 to 14 feet, 6s. to 12s. per dozen. 0 S I A H H. BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf Rivers' Royal do. Myatt's Prolific do. Mona's Pride Snowdrop Adirondack Village Blacksmith Beauty of Hebron Dalmahoy And other leading varieties, White Elephant Early Rose Magnum Bonum YorTc Regent Scotch do. Imperator Red Bog Early Schoolmaster Early Don Prices on application to York Street, Borough Market, S.E. EUONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £1 to JEIO per 100. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, Brighton. '^PHE MARQUIS of HARTINGTON'S Head JL Gardener says; — "What an appropriate name is that given to CARTER'S SCARLET PERFECTION CARROT." Price in sealed packets, ls.6(/. per oz., post-free, from 237, High Holbom, London. Barr'B Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivated plants Only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13. Kiug Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Carriage Paid. AHLIAS, — Sound Pot Roots are the beat to buy Y'ou get earlier and stronger flowering plants :— 12 Choice CACTUS DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice SINGLE DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice DOUBLE DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice POMPON DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. For Cash with order, carriage paid. CHARLES BURLEY, Nurseries, Brentwood. D The New Raspberry. T ORD BEACON SFIELD. i^ (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes £2 per 100 ; 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied , Cash with order. Cap- tain Strawberry Plants, 4s, per 100. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford. 228 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FEBBCAnT 23, 1889. RCOLLYER, Cart House Lane Nursery, • Wokin" Station. Surrey, begs to offer to intcndine planters Common HOLLIES and English YEWS for hedges, &c.. 2 to f, feet ; and many other TREES and SHRUBS. T ARGE SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — jL< Aucubi japonica. IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet 40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1} to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; Box tree, li to 2 feet. 12s. per 100 ; 2 to .3 feet. 20J. per 100. Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 3J feet. 10s. per 100; Deutz.a crenata. fiore-pleno, strong. 4s. per Aor.en ; Gnslinia llttoralis, IJ to 2 feet. 35s. per 100 ; Irish lij, 4 feet, 6s per 100; Laurel, common, IJ foot. 6s. per 100; 2 feet. 103 per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet. 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 100; 2 to 2i feet. 16s. per 100; 3 to 3J feet, bu,=hy, 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel. 1 to IJ foot, lbs. per 100 ■ li to 2 feet. 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticura, 1 to lifoot. 22s. perlOO; IJ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100; 2 to 2J feet, 3os per 100 ; 3 feet. 50s. per 100 ; 4 to 4J teet. bushy. 80s. per 100. Abies Douglasii. 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet. liOs. per 100 ; do.. 6 feet. 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbrioata, 2 to 2' feet. 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3J feet, 48s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet. 60s per dozen. Cupressus Lawsoniana. '2h feet, 20s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta, 2 to 2J feet, 40s. per 100 ; 6 to 6 feet, eitra fine, 18t. per dozen. C. erecta viridis, IJ to 2 feet. 25s. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet, 35s. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, IJ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100; do.. 2 to 2J feet, extra. 405. per 100. Retinospora plumosa. 18 inches, 2ds. per 100; IJto 2 feet. 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per 100. B aquarrosa. 1^ foot, bushy. yOs. per 100 ; Thuia Lobbii, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 100; 2 to 3 feet, 24s. per 100; 4 feet, .Ws. per 100 ■ 6 feet. 18s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2^ to 3 feet. 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot, 30s. per 100 ; IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per dozen ; 2^ to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. HE DUKE of NORTHUMBERLAND'S Heiid Gardener says :-'■ CARTER'S CRIMSO.N BEET is splendid for early use." Price, in sealed packets. Is. M, and 2s id., post-free, frum 237. High Holborn. London. QA (\(\l\ DWARF ROSES.— Cheaper than OU^UUv/ ever. All the best leading varieties. War- ranted true to name. The best money can buy. Sample dozen from 3s.; 22s. per 100— packing free for cash with order. Send for a LIST. A. J. AND C. ALLEN. Stone Hills Nursery, Norwich. Wf GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; V T • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce ; selected turves. 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5s.. carriage forward. LILIES. Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILIUM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs, id., f,d., 9i., Is., each; 20s., 30s., .50s., 60s. per 100. Home-grown bulbs, 9d., Is., Is. 6d., 2s. each. Special Trade quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES. Silver Banksian Medal. TREE PiEONIES, 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-chuss Certificates. CATALOGITE of the above on application to The Nurseries. Amyand Park Road. Twickenham. To tlie Trade. VEGETABLE and AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are now prepared to give • SPECIAL QUOTATIONS for all the best kinds of VEGETAP.LE and FIELD SEEDS grown thisseason from care- fully selected stocks. The quality is very good, and the prices ■will be found advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. SMAIIOOD AND SON have to offer • LAURELS. LIMES. PLANES. Mountain ASH. Standard PEARS. Victoria PLUMS. DAMSONS. ALMONDS, POP- LARS SWEET BAY. PRIVET, Feathered APPLES and PEARS and various other small SHRUBS and CONIFER.E, at their Nurseries. Buckingham Estate. Hampton, Middlesex. Also, at their Putney Nurseries, several thousand good AUCUBAS, and a quantity of Brown Turkey FIGS, strong well-rooted Plants in pots, from layers, 9s. 12s., and 15s.. per dozen. SEED POTATOS— Beauty of Hebron. Magnum Bonum, English Rose, Snowdrop, Schoolmaster, White Elephant. Price on application. PPLE TREES with Mistleto growing on them. 10s. 6rf.. 1.5s.. and 21s. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants. Worcester. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY great trials of Tomatos in 188S. — The JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE says:— "Of the varieties grown, PERFECTION is the chief, yieldinfi the finest fruits, and perhaps the most remunerative crop." Price, in sealed packets. Is. &d. and 2s. Orf. post-free, from CARTER'S, 237, High Holborn, London. 9 A nan gooseberries.— Best Market ^V/^V/'7v' sorts. All nice clean, healthy, and well- rooted plants of the following varieties :— Warrington Red. Whitesmiths' Crown Bob, &c., at 125. 6(/. per lUU, £6 per 1 WO, For Cash with Order. Sample dozen, 2.^. 6d, ■ Packing free. JOSHUA GREENACRE. Stooe Hills Nurseries. Norwich. CARNATION "GLOIRE DE NANCY."— For the fourth season we are sending out our true Btr.iin of this grand white Clove-scented Cirnation. more robust than the old red Clove, and larger flowers. No conser- vatory or garden should be without it. For cut flowers it has no equal. Good rooted layera. £l per 100. lis. for 50, 6s. for 25. We have a fine stock of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, well set with Hower-buda, from Is. to 20s. each, cash with order. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. EED POTATOS. — Hyatt's and Rivers' Kidnevs. tine qualitv. £1 10s. per ton. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurserynwn, Stranraer. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white skin. It is one of the heaviest croppers growo. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round vet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withing- ton, Hereford. SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAREFULLY SELECTED, AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTF.D THE BEST RESULTS EVER TET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality, prices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 353, POST FREE ON APPLICATION. XCZS.SOIM-S (Limited) The Royal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, Chester*. Address fob liETTERs it Telegrams: DicksoDS, Chester. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock in of such magnitude that, without sefing it, it is not easy to form an jidequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glasq covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, teet. HUGH low & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN INSPECTION FROM INTENDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted within ivo years :— ACACIA BESSONIANA. 12 to U feet; A. SEMPERFLO- KENS. 12 to H teet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 13 to 16 teet; A. DASYCAKPUM WIERII LACINIATA. U) to 14 feet; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Staniianls. 8 to 10 feet ; A. LEO- POLDII 12 to 11 feet; A.REITENBACHII, 12lol4feet; A. SOHWEDLERII. 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYII, !>tindard3, 12 to 14 feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple, Pyramids ami Standarcin, 10 to 16 teet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 to 16 teet. CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double Wliite, 10 to 16 feet; .Scarlet, 12 to 16 fi et; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet ; Guerna'.-y. 12 feet. LIMES, 12 to 16 and 20 teet; Silver-le.aved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQ0IDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. (lAK. Enelinh, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet Americjm, 12 to 14 feet; PLANEsri2tol6feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet; Purple, 14 to 16 feet, THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet, WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standardg, 8 to 13 feet ; Weeping, Purple, pyramids and Standards. 7 to 12 ft, BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and .Standards, .s to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Stanilards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping. Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet, OAK, WeepinR, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR, Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHOHA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards, 8 to it feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKINQ, SURREY. THE EARL of SHREWSBURY'S Head Gardener says:— "WE GATHERED CARTER'S LIGHTNING PEA TEN DAYS BEFORE FIRST AND BEST." Price, in sealed packet, 2s. 6rf. per pint; post-free, 2s. 'id., from 237, High Holborn. London. LANTING SEASON.— The following are a few articles we can supply in large quantities : — i Per 100. r.-rlOOO. ASH, common, stout, 2 to 3 feet 'is. od. 22s. ud. ALDER, common, stout, 2 to 3 feet a 0 ... 20 o BLACKTHORN. 2 feet 1 6 ... 12 0 Notwithstanding the strong recommenda- tion of prunus myrobella. Blackthorn still makes the best game covert. BROOM, white, 3 to 4 feet 12 0 PINUS AUSTRIACA, hue, lJto2feet ...12 0 GORSE. common, 2-year 1 0 ... 7 6 PRIVET, evergreen, fine, 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ,.. 2.5 0 SYCAMORE, common, 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 2.) 0 BOX, broad leaf, bushy, 1 to IJ foot 17 0 LAURELS, common, ij to 2 feet 10 0 CATALOGUES, Wholesale and Retail, on application. THOMAS PERKINS asd SONS, 34, The Drapery, Northampton. ASPARAGUS, strong, for planting out.— To clear the grounJ, will sell at 35. per 100. ■2Ss. per 1000 cash with order. — W. SIMS, Grove Nursery, Tooting, Surrey., T.-'OR SALE, CHEAP, 4000 OAKS, 9 to X? 15 teet, 30s. per 100; 200 HORSE CHESTNUTS, 3.5s. pes 100. Apply to THOS. HEDLEY, The Gardens. Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds. Ij^RESH SPHAGNUM MOSS, 5s, per bag; Hardy British FERNS, including Lastreag. Athynume, Polypodiums, Polystichums, Scolopendriums. Blechnums, Pars- leys, Cystopteris, &c.; 15, distinct. Is. 6a!.; 20 Large-growing Varieties, 2s. 6d. ; 50, 5.s.; 100,9s.; 241b. Hamper (botanically) carriage paid.— JOHN BURNS, Church Terrace, Kendal. 0 R E S T TREE S.— Alder. 2 to 2J feet. 16s per 1000 ; Ash, IJ to 2 feet, 124. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet. 16s. per 1000 ; Beech, 1^ to 2 feet, los. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet. 18s. per 1000; 2^ to 3^ feet, 22s. per 1000. Spanish Chestnut. 1^ to 2Jfeet, 20s. per 1000; Bourtree, 2 feet. 2os. per 1000; Elm, 3 t« 4 feet, 18s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. English Elm. 4 to 6 feet, 40s. per 1000. Larch, lA to 2 feet, 16s. per 1000; 4 to 5feet, 28s. perlOOO. ScotchFir, lA to 2 feet, 12s. par 1000; 2 to2ifeet, ISs.perlOOO ; 3 feet, 20x. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to 1^ feet, 10s. per 1000; IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2 j feet, 16s. per 1000. Silver Fir, 10 to 15 inches, ISs. per 1000; 1 to 1^ foot. 20s. per 1000. Pinus austriaca, 1^ to 2 feet. 18s. per 1000. Sloe or Blackthorn, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; Sycamore, 1 to 1 J foot. 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2J feet. 16s. per 1000 ; 6 to 7 feet. 6s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer. P^L M SEEDS. — TO THE TR.ADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the leading kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun.. Breslau, Germany. ''PHE GARDENERS' MAGAZINE says:— X "CARTER'S LEVIATHAN BEAN MUST HAVE SPECIAL MENTION; the pods attain an average length of 15 inches, and examples over 20 inches long being by no means uncommon." Price, in "fealed packets, 2.'^. 6t/. per pint ; post- free, 2s. 9(i., from 2;i7, High Holborn. London. Special Trade Offer for Cash. F. GEE begs to offer tlie following at greitly reduced prices:— ONION SEED. — Genuine "Home Grown Seed." The past season's crop having been a failure, F. GEE is happy to say he has fine stocks of SUPERIOR BEDFORDSHIRE GROWN yearling S 'ed, "of his own grow- ing," which he can highly recommend, and may be relied upon, whereas foreign Seeil, which is being sold by many at a much cheaper rate, cannot be deptended upon. The following kinds can now be supplied at specially-reduced prices, for Cash, a^ under; — GEE'S IMPROVED BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION, very select Stock, fine, large, globular Onion, has grown 16 to 20 tons per acre, 5s. per pound. M.VNGEL SEED (Crop 188S) ; tine sample for the season. Gee's Bedfordshire Prize Yellow Globe, the heaviest cropper and finest quality ever sent out, ZO.t. per cwt. ; New, 8s. Sd. : Bags, 8rf. each. WHITE SPANISH and NUNEHAM PARK, very fine Stocks, 7s. 6rf. per lb. Carriage or post free. Special Terms for large quantities on applijation. Special Reduced Prices. POTATOS for SEED. MYATT'S PROLIFIC EARLY ASHLEAF KIDNEY, splendid stuff; a large quantity to offer at 7.5s. jxt ton, on rails ; •}t. per rwt. do. AI'jo BEAUTY OF HEBRON, jit 80s. per ton ; ,'ls. percwt. WHITE ELEPHANT, fit 70s. per ton ; 4s. 6rf. per cwt. EARLY ROSE, very tine, nt 70.v. pi?r Inn ; 4s. Gd. per cwt. SCHOOLMASTER (TurLer'a True), at 90s. per ton ; 6.*. per cwt. SUTTON'S E\RLY REGENT (True), at OOs. per ton ; 5^. per cwt,, on rail^, for cush. Sacks to hold 1 cwt., 6cf. ench; do., 2 cwt., striped, at 9rf. each ; do., 2 cwt. 4 lb. sacks, at Is. each. Many other kind-* cmi be supplied. Special prices to very large buyers on application. QUICKS or WHITE THORNS, about 2.000.000 to offer. Splendid strong fibrous root4.'d sruff can be supplied as follows, for cash on rails : — 2-yr.-old, 7x, i»er lOOO; ."J-yr.-old. grand stuff, principally 2 to 3 feet, extra strong, wonderfully cheap, 10s. per 1000; 4 and .Vyr.-old, transplanted, l.'is. and 20s, per 1000; picked for gap stopping. 30s. per 1000. PRIVET, l.Vs.. 2ns., 30s., and 40s. per 1000. BEECH, extra Htrong, principally 3 fret, 40s. yer 1000; 5s. per 100. Catalogues on application. Chequet and Post-ofTice Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE. Nur-ierymnn, &€.. Rivrrford House, Higgler- wade, Bcdforri--hiro. Februakt 23, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. 229 ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS IN OREAT VARIETY. ROSES, HARDY CLIMBERS, FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES, >(f. A Large Stock. Quality and Price Unequalled. Descriptive Priced LIST on application. W. C. S L O C O C K, (Lute G. & T. Waiebkb), GOtDSWORTH OLD NURSERY. WOKING. SURREY. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES. PEAKS. PLUMS. CHERRIES. PEACHES, NECTARINES. APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, as Standards. Dwarfs. Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, eicellent Canes, is. 6rf.. 5s.. 7s. id., 10s. id. Orchard House Trees in pots, PEACHES. APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES. &c.. from ,=is. FIGS from 3s. 6rf. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil. Drainage. Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms. Quality, Size. Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c.,free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., ^\'ORCESTER. ROSES J robustly grown, many thousands to select from. C.\TA- LOGUE on application. DICKSONS, .^.. CHESTER. (Luinted.) RHODODENDRON PONTICUM for Coverts and I'lantations. ^.V IMMENSE STOCK OF ALL SIZES. Very low quotations per 100 or 1000. GREEN HOLLIES for FENCES. Sizes and prices per 100 or 1000. Golden and Silver Queen, Handsworth and other Cbolce Hollies. &c. JOHN CRANSTON & CO., K1XG'.S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. SEAKALE FOR FORCINC. WOOD & INGRAM Hare a quantity of the above, in first-rate condition for im- mediate Forcing, which they beg to offer at 2s. per dozen, 12^. per 100. Also line 2-jt.. for Planting, at 6s. per 100 ; 1-yr., 5s. per 100. THE NURSERIES. HUNTINGDON. SEED POTATOS-SEED POTATOS. DUNBAR REGENTS . . . . 90s. per Ton. „ MAGNUMS .. .. 90«. „ „ IMPERATORS . . . . 90s. „ LINCOLNSHIRE MYATT'S PROLIFIC . . . . 80s. „ MAGNUM BONUMS . . . . 80s. „ BEAUTY OF HEBRONS . . 80s. EARLY ROSES. Apply to "W. N. WHITE, Fruit and Potato Broker. COVENT GARDES MAKKET, LONDON, W.C. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of finest named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an unusual sacrifice, gro^'ing on land sold to a speculator who is Cutting up the Estate. These plunts (under pressure to give possession) are offered at a loss of 50 to 76 per cent, of their vtilue. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. TREES, FLOWERS, AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Bost ROSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the 11,'st SEEl'S. Kl'LES, &.C. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For till- lic^t FEI'IT TREES ii.,.l GKAFE VINES PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, Fur til,. Il,■^l EN'ERtlKEENS, Puik iHul Roiiiisiik' TREES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, Forihe Best CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS. LAPAGEKIAS. &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, close to the Waltham Cross Station. Great Eastern Railway (half au hour from London.) INSPECTION INVITED. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues free. Goods Packed bij experienced hands for all parts of the World. Observe the Christian name. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, Plant, Bulb, and Seed Merchants. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWORTH HERTS. THE BRUCE POTATO. The best Potato in cultivation, yielding the enormous crop of 27 TONS PER ACRE. For Price per ton, sack or bushel, apply to — BRINKWORTH & SONS, READING. Appointed by the Raiser SOLE AGENTS for England. ORCHIDS! Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c., to the extent of £.5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD. SINC4AP0RE, Special care given in packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. MENDER'S PETUNIAS ARE THE BEST. Seed saveJfrom finest large striped flowers, carefully hybridised. Habita very dwarf. Very floriferous. Awarded Certificate of MeritDevon and Exeter Hort. Soc, 1888 RENDER'S SINGLE STRIPED. !.■:. and 2s. per packet. RENDER'S DOUBLE FKINGED. Is. 6rf. and 3s. per pkt. Supplied in sealed packets only. Printed in gold. HENDER'S VEGETABLE SEEDS (Best Quality) — Peas, ""rom Sd. ; Beans. 5rf, per quart ; Broc oli, 9rf. per ounce; Cabbage, id. ; Carrot. Zd. ; Lettuce. 6rf. ; 0..ion3, Ad. per oz. ; 14 vars. Flower Seeds, post-free. Is. Render's Select Seed List Pose-tree, HENDEK. & SONS, Plymouth. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. Also collections of same in 12, 18, and 24 eorts. List of Names free by post, on application. WATKINS AXP SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, WC. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. 1' A H T I C U L A R .S ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Luiiited). FENCES-MYROBALANorCHERRY PLUM (PRlTNt'S MYK'iHALANA) is the best .stuff for mending old fences or mnUing new oik-h. Grows well on poorest soils. Shoots very hard and spiny. — Prices and lull particulars on application to EWING & CO.. Havant. Hampshire. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60«. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18«. to S68. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., i^Iurserymenand Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. Tr A DnCCC ' ■^ grand stock, in 5-in. pots, 12s. & ISs.doz. I LA nUULUt A grand stock, in 7-in.pots, 24s. & oOs. doz. ('Black Hamburgh and other varieties. PDA DC UIUI-QJ ^"it^ble for fruitingin pots, 10s. G(i. each UnArL VIUlO) Suitable for planting vineries, 5£. aud (, 75. Qd. each, Fr n U Q ) A fine stock, in 5-inch pots, 12s. per dozen. L it rl O ) A fine stook, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Catalogues on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICTJLTXTRAL COMPANY (John Cowan), LIMITED. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES. GAKSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL. HEREFORDSHIRE FRUIT TREES. Unequalled for Vif/orous, Hardy Growth, An immense Stock grown in every variety of form. Premier Prizes at all the leading Fruit Shows, including the CHAMPION PRIZE, at the Crystal Palace Great Autumn Show, 1888. Descriptive Priced Catalogues on application to JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COIViPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And yuu \\\\\ pronounce them the Best in the Market, as nona but genuine, good, new season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations') gratis and post-free, BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET STEED COMPANT, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. 230 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febeoaet 23, 1889. THURSDAY NEXT — Sale No. 7880. 3000 CYPRIPEDIDM ROTHSCHILDIANUM. WITHOUT THE LEAST RESERVE. MR. J. C. STEVENS Has received instructions from Messrs. Obree & Co., Shipping Agents, Southampton, TO SELL BY AUCTION, At his Great Booms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THUESDAY NEXT, February 28, at half -past 12 o' Clock precisely, 3000 CYPRIPEDIUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM. Just to hand in big masses and grand condition, and to be Sold absolutely without the least Eeserve. On view mornincj of Sale and Catalogues had. T30TAT0S for SEED. AVhite Elephant. 4s. X. per cwt., 70s. per ton. Good eeed. Sacks extra. A. MOORE, St. Johu's Nurseries, Spaldiog. FOREST TREES, &c. Grown in the celebrated Windlesbrawlee Nurseries (formerly the Lawson Nursery Com- pany, and recently aoijuired by us). SEEDLING & TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES of all kinds. TREES for AVENUES, VILLA and PAKK DECORATION, all regularly transplanted and groivn singly. MAGNIFICENT STOCK of Standard, Dwivarf traineil, and ryramiclal FRUIT TREES. EVERGREEN and FLOWERING SHRUBS, ROSES. RHODODENDRONS, IINE ASSORT- MENT, and in good condition for planting. Special Prices given, and CATALOGUES sent on application. _^ All Orders for Plants or Seeds in England sent |Carri:ige free. Trale Lists on cipplimtion. SHI RLEY POPPY. Per Packet, Is. Post-free IRELAND & TH O M S O N , Nurserymen, EDINBURGH. S E E D S. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, SUPPLY VEGETABLE To THE TRADE. We have Surplus Stocks of the following. Special Prices and Samples on application; — FEAS. FORTYFOLD IMPF.RIAL AMERICAN WONDER I BRITISH QUEEN | CHAMPION OF ENGLAND | FILLIiASKET DR. MACLEAN | INVINCIBLE LITTLE GEM YORKSHIRE HERO CARROTS. NANTES, JAMES, an.l ALTRINGHAM. FLOWER SEEDS Free by of the best quality at moderate prices, Rail or Parcel-post. Descriptive I*riccd LIST on application, TH2 VINETABD AlTD NTTItSEBIES, GAKSTON, near LIVERPOOL. Buy direct from the Grower, my Se«] having been splecteil from (iiiest flowers uiily, as^grown at my Shirh-y Niirsfry Prit-e to tlie Tmde on applioalion. THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchimt. George St , Croydon- UTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too wt'U knov. n to rptpiirp deacrip- tion. Price, 6s. per buntiel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or M. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None eenuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directionfl enclosed, with our signature attached, WM. CUTltUSH AKD SON, Nuraerymen and Seed Merchonta, Hi|{hKate NurserieB, N. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, Seed Merchants, Hart Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. THE MARQUIS of CHOLMONDELEY'rf Head Gardener snys : — " CARTER'S SOLID IVORV CELERY is dwarf, compact, Folid, and crisp." Price, in sealed packet. Is. and 23, 6rf., post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London. ALPINE PLANTS. 25s and HEKBACKOUS Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- 100 trated, with Cultural Notes, 73 pages (containing much interesting information). Post-free, Jtu. STANSFIELD HHOS.. Southport. TO OFFER, VERY CHEAP. L EADING HERBACEOUS PLANTS, in great variety. B ARD FOR Yo R C I N G. PARAGON, CHAMPAGNE, VICTORIA. XTRA .STRONG CURRANTS. Black, White, and Red. E BUSH ROSES. — Best Varieties. Very strong. E A ROSES IN Strong for Forcing. POTS. AVENUE TREES, of extra size, in variety. Will move safely. STANDARD APPLES, PEARS, PLUMS. In Host Varieties and Bearing Condition. TRAINED PEACHES, PLUMS^ and PEARS. Extra strong. J. FEED & SONS, STREATHAM, S.W. FiSBBtTAET 23, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 231 B.S.WILLIAMS CINERARIAS. From Mr. HENRY BENNETT. The Gardens, Edge- moor House, Lancashire: — '"I may say that during the last 10 years your Cinerarias have giveu me great satis- faction." ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE FOR 1889, Gratis and Post-free to all applicanfji. Amm^^^ UPPER HOLLOWAY.LONDONJ] TRADE MARK. SELECT GARDEN SEEDS. SELECT FLOWER SEEDS. SELECT FARM SEEDS. SELECT SEED POTATOS.; Carefully grown frori\ stock of the highest character and texted for germination. GARDEN SUNDRIES, GARDEN TOOLS. Every Requisite for the Farm, Flowe -, or Kitchen Garden. ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES Gratis a>1) Post-free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Farmers and Merchants, SLEAFORD. WEBBS' NEW POTATO, 'iWliliill'Nlliltl "STOURBRIDGE GLORY." This is undoubtedly the finest main crop Kidney Potato ever introduced ; a seedling from Woodstock Kidney. From Mr. GEORGE MATTHEWS, Weston-on- Trent. — " I cannot praii^e your Stourbridge Glory Potato too much, as in spite of the unfat'ourableness of the season, they have done remarkably ^vell. I have raised Q4^ lb. from 1 lb. ; they are all free from disease, and many of them weigh above 1 lb. each, vrhih-t four of them scaled the extraordinary weight of 9 lb. 3/6 per peck (14 l\>.), 12/6 per bush. (66 lb.) WEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE, Post free Is. Abri.lgcd Fdit ion, gratis and post free. PBB&SONSMRPStraoURBRI DG E FRUIT TREES. Special Culture, 80 Acres ; Slock QUITE UKEQ.1ULLED. Write for Catalogues. INSPECTION INVITED. DICKSONS, (Limited). The Nurseries, CHESTER. CHOICE HARDY FLOWERING PLANTS. Special Cheap Offer for Clearance. All good strong stuff for blooniiug next summer. Packing and carriage free at prices quoted for each : — Per doz. CARNATIONS AND PIC0TEE3, fine seedlings s. d. from a ispleiidid collection, ivill produce some grand flowers, per 100, 15s 2 ti CANTERBURY BELLS, Dean's Hybrids, strong plants, per 100, 10s. 6rf. 1 6 HOLLYHOCKS, Chater's superb strain, per 100. 2.^s., six for 2s. tirf 4 0 PANSIES, strong seedlings from a grand strain of blotched flowers, sown last June„perl00.10s.6rf. 1 tj .. Blue King, per 100, 10s. 6rf 1 (3 POLYANTHUS. Gold-laccd, very fine, per 100. 15s. 2 6 PHLOXES, herbaceous, established plants, in beau- tiful variety to name, per 100, 30s.; six for 25. 6d 4 6 PYRETHRUMS, double- flowe red. strong plants, in beautiful named sorts, per 100, 30s. ; s'x for 2s. 6d 4 t.i STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Laxton's Noble, the grand new early prcriific (true) per 100, 25s 4 1000, in ten superb varieties,' 353. 100, in ten ,, ,. 5s. 6rf. DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, NORWICH. As a Stipplement TO THE Gardeners' Chronicle Next Week, 3Iarch 2, WILL DK Fubliahed an Ink Fkotoyraph OF VIEWS in the ROYAL GARDENS, KE W. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1880. SEEDS AND THE SEASON. Ty/TETEOROLOGISTS record their observa- -'-'-*- tions ill tabular statements and diagrams, physiologists note theirs in books and essays, while scientific horticulturists endeavour to collate the two classes of recorded facts and to draw appropriate inferences from them for the benefit of their practical brethren. A certain aggregate but duly adjusted amount of heat, light, and moisture, is absolutely necessary for the complete ripening of a seed, that is to say, for the development of the embryo plant within it and the storage of the food required by it when it commences to grow. So much heat and so forth is required for one description of seed, so much more or so much less for another, as the case may be. Less than the adequate amount is either injurious or fatal ; more may be beneficial until the limit of excess is reached, when "too much'of a good thing," may entail as much harm as not enough. The aggregate amount of climatal needs requisitioned by particular plants for different purposes, such as the production of leaves, the formation of flowers, the maturation of seeds, &c., has often been calculated in the laboratory. It has been shown, moreos'er, that provided the supply be adequate, it is, comparatively speaking, im- material whether that supply be furnished in a relatively short period or whether it be dis- tributed over a longer interval of time. Thus crops in the far North may not only ripen as well as those in the South, but the time occupied as measured in days may even be shorter. These circumstances are accounted for by the later starting point in spring, but the smaller number of days is more than compensated for by the brighter sunlight, and more especially by its longer daily duration in high latitudes. Work of the kind indicated is always in progress in the physiological laboratories and experimental gardens of the Continent, and many, no doubt, have been the observations made concerning the relationships between the over-abundant moisture, the deficiency of sun- 232 TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Tebbuabt 23, 1889. light and san-heat daring the past summer and autumn, and the corresponding deficiency in the organisation and work of plants. A great seed warehouse at this period of the year (we may take that of Messrs. Hurst, of Houndsditoh, as an illustration), however, offers to the observant visitor the results of an ex- periment if less elaborate, yet on a far more gigantic and varied scale than any of these. Un- fortunately the experiment is, this year, in some senses, far from satisfactory, but it is none the less interesting from other points of view. The experiments were varied as to locality, soil, and crop, but the climatal conditions were pretty uniform throughout, and the results were, as we have intimated, proportionately consistent with them, thus affording a striking illustration of the influence of season. Light, and more especially heat, are required for the due maturation of the seed. Last autumn both were deficient. The manufacturing work- shops of the plant were not utilised to the full, hence nutritive matter was not formed in them in adequate quantities, and what was manufactured was defective in quality. The consequence is that much of the seed did not ripen at all, and what did mature did so in so imperfect a manner and so tardily that the percentage of seeds that germinate is much below the average. An inspec- tion of the record kept by the firm for a long series of years would furnish most interesting and valu- able results if compared with the meteorological records of the corresponding period. Samples of every lot of seed that comes into the warehouse from whatever source — British, Continental, or Colonial — are sown under uniform conditions, and notes are taken of the percentage of good seed, as indicated by the number that grow, and by the time occupied in germination. The experi- ments are made in duplicate, and the mean result of the two sets of experiments is taken as the average. The only objection that can be raised to this method is, that the experiments of the seeds- men, being carried out under uniform conditions of temperature and moisture, are, like the labora- tory experiments of the physiologist, too perfect. Sown in the field or the garden, seeds from the same samples would be exposed to fluctuating if not to different conditions, and to the attacks of predatory enemies, from all of which they are freed alike in the laboratory of the physiologist and the test-house of the seedsman. Supple- mentary trials, therefore, have also to be made in the open ground. An inspection of Messrs. Hurst's record for the last season shows very remarkably how widely diffused were the unfavourable con- ditions last autumn. There was no great dif- ference between one English county and another ; there might have been slight variations accord- ing to soil and aspect, but the general average over the whole country was bad, and the seeds received, say, from Lincolnshire, did not differ much from those from Kent or Bedfordshire. Seeds from Belgium, the North of France, and Germany were a little, but only a little, better than seeds of the same kind grown in England. Seeds obtained from districts south of Paris were sensibly better, while those from Southern France left little to be desired, so that speaking roughly, the seed supply, not only from our own country, but from the whole of Northern and Central Europe, was deficient alike in quantity and quality. Great seed-houses who still hold stocks of the previous year's growth can redress the balance, to some extent, by mixing the old and better with the newer and inferior seed, or by incorporating some of the more fully-ripened Continental seed with that produced at home. A visit to the vast warehouses of Messrs. Hurst is of interest, not only as affording evidence of the disastrous climate that the British grower has so often to contend with, but of the scrupulous care taken by the great seed-houses to eliminate the worst, to select the best seeds, and as far as possible, to remedy the defects of a bad harvest. The weather may have been bad, but the reputation of the firm must not be allowed to suffer from any want of care on their part. Girls and women, with whom frontal fringes are remarkably popular, and in whose hats, as they hang on the pegs placed for their reception, ostrich feathers, real though battered, are astonish- ingly frequent, were busy at the time of our visit, as they will be for several months to come, pick- ing out the discoloured, deformed, half-matured seeds from those which have succeeded better in the battle of life. The inappropriateness of the proverb "as like as Peas in a pod" was strikingly illustrated. Variation was but too apparent in the seed-mounds that sharp eyes and busy fingers were at work on, even after the seeds had passed the ordeal of sieves and riddles. The whole process of " picking " is described in an article in our columns on February 6, 1886. The Peas, of which Messrs. Hurst grow them- selves or by deputy no fewer than 2000 acres, were several weeks later than usual in ripening, and many were more or less spoiled with the continuous wet before they could be stacked; many germinated while still in the pod, and now in the month of February, some stacks remain unthrashed, not yet being in condition — a fact, as we learn, almost without precedent, as deli- veries are usually completed in November. Some of the early Peas, have partially escaped, while late Peas, generally have suffered. It would be useful to know the degree to which these and other Peas suffer from mildew. Most samples contain a very large proportion of waste that adds considerably to their cost, while the growths are not so strong as desired, being 50 to 70 per cent only, instead of 95 to 100 per cent., as in 1887. The " waste " just alluded to is removed by the sieves, in the first instance, and the removal completed by the sharp eyes and nimble fingers of_the women, and is calculated to be about six times greater than after a good season. The only use made of this waste, is to dispose of it for feeding purposes. Beans suffered in a similar manner to the Peas, making good samples scarce, although there is an abundance of discoloured ones. The weevils that attacked them in 1887 were not seen in 1888, an indication that the season was not propitious to insect^life. The kidney varieties are also a partial failure in England. Some late varieties are not even yet threshed. So far as we saw, the ripening of the Beans — especially the kidney Beans — was more perfect than in the case of the Peas. The foreign samples, however, con- tain an admixture of old dry seed which has to be rogued out as waste, and this waste we were told fetches a lower price than in the case of Peas, and that despite the obvious fact that it contains much more nutritive matter than the spoilt Peas do. The assigned reason for the lower price is, that the pigs are dainty and dislike the flavour ; but as this is confined to the husk of the seed it would seem that by the removal of this, a large amount of good material now wasted might be saved. Onion is a total failure in England, although the crop promisfd well at one time. It was not sufficiently ripened to withstand the effects of the October frost that caused so much damage. Continental seed also suffered to a large extent. and the little that was saved grew weakly. Con- sequently the yearling seed of this article is also much preferred, as some of the 1887 crop grew 00 per cent., while the 1888 seed rarely exceeds .50 per cent. Beet, like Mangel Wurzel, is all severely ■; injured in the germ by the sharp frost in 1 October, although the seed carries a good appear- ance, the bad growth will be known when tested. Yearling seed will be preferable. Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery, Endive, Leek, Lettuce, Spinach, and Parsley are all severely injured in quality and much reduced in quantity. Growths being generally weak, unusual care should be adopted in sowing, for if sown too early or regardless of weather or condition of soil, many failures and disappointments will most likely ensue. Such are a few of the hints we gained at our visit to Messrs. Hurst. Without a personal visit ■ no adequate idea of the magnitude of the trade I or of the system, method, and care by which it is carried on can be obtained. Of course the prices are very materially affected by all these circumstances. The farmer is supplied with the seed by the firm, and grows under contract. It might seem, at first, that he was secured from the ill effects of bad weather, but it is obvious that the cost of labour, of production, and har- vesting, must be greater in a bad than in a good season, and therefore, his profits are so much the less. The wholesale seedsman's labour and ex- penditure are similarly increased, and if he recoup himself by enhanced prices he loses in diminished volume of trade, and not unf requently has to bear the unmerited reproaches of dissatisfied customers. The only people who seem to benefit from a bad season are the befringed and befeathered " pickers," for the larger the proportion of " waste " they eliminate the more money they earn — at least those of them who are paid by the piece, or who are only engaged temporarily, as we believe most of them are. New or Noteworthy Plants. ODONTOGLOSSUM LUTEO - PURPUREUM {LindL) VAR. CRISPATUM, «. var. Some degree of crispation is often seen in the typical Odontoglossum luteo-purpureum. This variety, however, has nearly the whole front half of the lip convoluted into deep folds. It is quite a novel feature, and resembles an old-fashioned ruff. It was kindly sent me by E. M. Mundy, Esq., Shipley Hall, Derby, through Mr. P. Sander's favour. H. G. Bchb. f. [The illustration (fig. 41) was forwarded by Mr. Weathers. Ed.] Vanda Kibiballiana, ». 8p. This is an extraordinary introduction of Messrs. H. Low & Co. It is a new species of the allinity of Vanda Amesiana. The plant at hand has a stiff stem with very thick, ramose roots, being itself half as thick as a gooses quill, with old deeply furrowed sheaths. The leaves are subulate, acuminate, very slightly furrowed, exceeding a span in length, not thicker than a raven's quill. The peduncle is a foot long, somewhat flexuose at the top, with blunt retuse bracts, shorter than the stalked ovaries. The flowers are totally distinct from those of Vanda Amesiana. Sepals cuneate, dilatate, oblong-acute, the lateral ones longer and curved. Petals cuneate oblong, blunt, acute, unequal. Side-lacinia; of the lip semi- ovate, triangular, running out into an acuminate nearly crescent-shaped top, whereas they are nearly square in Vanda Amesiana. The mid-lacinia is unguiculate, triangular acute (trulliforra), most minutely crenulate. There are some callosities, or two keels, on the stalk, but I am not clear 1889.1 THE GAUDENERS' ClIHONlCLE. 233 abuuL tliem. The curious spur is conical, acumi- nate, and the top is recurved, wliicli is quite peculiar and new. The pollinariuin is more slender and narrower. The spur appears to be quite devoid of internal callosities. The anther, retuse in V. Amesiana, is here apiculate. The flowers are as large as those of V. Amesiana. As to the colour, I lind liere and there vestiges of a very tiery brilliant purple on the dried flowers. The traveller, however, stated that they were pure white with a beautifully rosy- purple lip. He saw fifteen to twenty flowers on a spike. This lovely plant is dedicated at the demand of ray excellent eldest Englisli correspondent, to Mr. Kimball, one of the most zealous orchidists of the fnited States, N. A. H, G. BtM.f. Vanda Amesiana, Schb. f. This grand Orchid is so very rich in varieties that there may lurk ditierent species under this name. The point may be decided this or next year, as Mr. 'S. Low has made a grand importation. The leaves are is 15 inches long by '2\ inches broad. The colours are exceedingly clear and brilliant, comprising the flnest milk-white and an exceptional purple. I learn that it comes from Cambodia. If all the imported plants are alike in the length of the inflorescences, the splendour and si/.e of the flowers, as well as in the brilliancy of colours and the narrow leaves, it may deserve a proper subvarietal name, cambo- diense. H. G. Rckh f. Gladiolus Adlami, Baker, n. sp* This very distinct new species of Gladiolus was discovered lately in the Transvaal by Mr. R. W. Adlam, whose interesting letters upon his excur- sions in Natal and the neighbouring regions have often appeared in your columns. It has no near affinity with any previously known species. Per- haps, on the whole, it is nearest G. cardinalis, but the perianth segments are much smaller, and curiously cuspidate, and only the top one is distinctly granu- lated with red spots. My description is made from a plant flowered in the Cambridge Botanic Fig. 41. — odontoglossum LuxEO-pvnFUREUM var. cbispatum. (see p. 232 ) partly very broad, deeply channelled, all quite straight, whereas they are arched in the typical plants. The plant, when observed by ]\Iessrs. H. Low's collector, was just opening a few blooms, and those were kindly sent me by Mr. S. Low. I cannot dis- tinguish it in any way from those of the typical plant. What, however, the collector wrote to Jlr. S. Low makes me guess that two or more kinds may have been growing together. He found spikes 2 feet 6 inches in length, with many branches. Une plant had eight panicles, with a cargo of just 600 buds. "What a grand object for an exhibition ! Since the occurrence of simple and branched inflorescences in the same Orchid is really rare, I am greatly inclined to guess there may be different species growing together. H. G.Rchb.f. SACCOLADirM GIHAVTEUM ILLUSTHE, Bchh. f. M. A. Regnier, 44, Avenue de Marigny, Fon- tenay-sous-Bois (Seine), has lately sent me a glorious inflorescence of this, laden with more than fifty very large flowers, which after a while turned their lateral sepals downwards, as in so many Vandas. The inflorescence is 13—14 inches long. The leaf Garden by Mr. Lynch last September. Leaves ensiform, 1 — \h foot long, an inch broad at the middle, with distant, strong, unequal ribs. Flowers 5 — 6, aggregated in a moderately dense, equilateral, simple, erect spike. Outer spathe-valve oblong-lanceolate, brown ].]-l3 inches long. Peri- anth greenish-yellow ; tube erect, nearly straight, narrowly funnel-shaped, an inch long ; upper seg- ment slightly arcuate, oblong, as long as the tube, h inch broad, granulated all over with minute red spots ; five other segments smaller, oblong, minutely cuspidate, plain greenish-yellow, except that the two outer are similarly granulated with red towards the tip. Stamens and style a little longer than the perianth ; filaments white ; anthers linear, h inch long, granulated with red. J. G. Jja/ccr. * Gla^-iohts AtHamit Baker, n. sp. — Foliis ensiformilm-* fimiulia laxe Dervatis pedalibus, vel sesqviipeflahbu'j ; floribu'i .'i — IJ ill apicam subdensam rqiiilateralem dispositis; spatlnr valris obloago-Ianc«olatis brunneis; perianthio tubo infundi bulari subrecto pollicari, limbo ftavo-viridulo ; se^mentla oblOQKis Luspidatis, supremo vix arcuato tubo ccquiioiigo punctis minutis rubellls ad faciem ubique decoratis, reliquia miaoribu3 exterioribus ad apicera solum rubro decoratis ; geai* talibus limbo longioribus. SMUT-FUNGI: IvKClONT DisiJOVKHIES as to the NAXrilK AND Action of Ustilagine.t:. It is hardly too much to say that the man who clears up the life-history of smut-fungi, and gives to the world an intelligible account on which a suc- cessful treatment can be based, realises the proud achievement of making two blades of grass grow where only one grew before — a feat worthy of the most devoted consideration of citizens and statesmen, as we have been told on high authority. Perhaps the honour is already due to those botanists — Kiihn, R. Wolff, De Bary, and Brefeld — who, following on the earlier and chiefly anatomical investigations of Fries, Persoon, Corda, Meyen, L6veille, Bonorden, and especially the Tulasnes, gradually demonstrated the biological nature of the Ustilagineic, those subtle fungi which cause the smuts of cereals and Onions, &c., the bunt of Wheat, and a large number of similar diseases on all kinds of valuable plants. Every one knows the brown and black powdery masses which replace the grain in smutted corn. Barley, Uats, and other grasses; and it is just because these dense masses of dark spores are found at the expense of the food-stufts of the cereals that man is justified in regarding these fungi as his deadly enemies. But it is not only his food that the Usti- lagineiu destroy. Most growers of Violets will have suti'ered the pain of seeing plants destroyed by them, and many other flowering plants are injured by some form or another of these ubiquitous and destructive fungi. No doubt the fact that the Ustilaginete are great enemies to weeds will be placed to their credit, but although horticulturists and farmers abhor Dan- delions, Couch-grass, Sedges, Docks, Thistles, Pop- pies, Convolvulus, &c., whereas various species of Ustilaginete delight in these pests, it is no less im- portant from a biological point of view to elucidate the secrets of the life-history of these parasites than to explain to the multitude the vagaries and propen- sities of those which destroy our food directly. BkEFELd's REaEARCHE3, Of late years no one has distinguished himself more in thus rendering yeoman's service than Pro- fessor Brefeld, of Miinster, and as there is every reason for believing that his recent investigations are very little known in this country, except in the small circle of modern botanists, I propose to give a brief account of some of the more important results. No better proof of the " practical " nature of biology could be adduced than these furnish, and conse- quently no apology is necessary to any reader. For many years previous to about 1840 little was known of these fungi beyond the fact that the bunted or smutted grains of corn were transformed into a dark powdery mass of minute spores. Some- what later (I believe first by Bonorden in 1851) it was found that although w^hen ripe there is nothing but spores in the blackened grain of corn, &c., in a somewhat younger condition these spores can be shown to arise from delicate fungus-filaments, just as in the case of other fungi. At any rate, this was known to De Bary in 1853, from his own researches on the smuts of Maize and other plants, and is now thoroughly established. But although it is now very easy to show the fungus filaments, or mycelium, in the case of some Ustilaginex, they are in others so delicate and so transparent that the most refined methods and practice are necessary to demonstrate their presence. Nevertheless, the dark spores in all casea arise in tufts from the ends of more or less fine fila- ments. In some cases these filaments have distinct walls and septa, and send suckers (haustoria) into the cells of the tissues ; in others they are so minute that it is extremely difficult to say whether they consist of anything more than •'trands of protoplasm. In some species they are abundant, in others sparse. In many species these fungus filaments can be traced for considerable distances from the diseased spots, in others they are confined to local centres. These characters, as well as other peculiarities respecting 234 THE GABbBni^HB' C tilt ORIOLE. [l?Bl>6DiEY L'3. 1889. the branching, mode of spore formation, gelatinisa- tion of the walls. &c., need not occupy us here, how- ever, though they are of importance to the mycologist. A point of more significance just now is, that while ail these Ustilaginete are parasitic in the interior of flowering plants, and have hitherto been regarded as strictly and only parasitic in their habits (endophytic, obligate parasites), they behave diti'er- ently in ditferent cases, which we may summarise as follows :— Some of them affect almost any part of the plant— root, leaf, stem, flower-stalk, &c.— producing distorted vesicular swellings, altirnaf.ely filled with the minute, spherical, dark-coloured spores ; these cases may be placed at one end of a series. At the other extreme we have species of Ustilaginem, which always produce their spares in definite organs of the host-plant which they attack ; and since these fungi are not noticeable before they reach the spore-bear- ing stage, the impression has arisen that only these parts are attacked. Now, it is a singular fact, that the place v.'here this spore-formation occurs is usually the ovary ofthe flower, the spawn or mycelium at that spot converting to its own purposes the food mate- rials which flow to the developing seeds of fruit, and eventually filling what should have been the fruit with a fi-ctid or dry mass of dark spores. In some cases it is in the anthers which serve as tl)e seat of the spore-formation. It required miny years of patient investigation, and entailed several stormy controversies, before it was discovered that in these cases the spores really do arise as bud-like processes at the ends of extremely fine branches of extremely delicate fun- gus-filaments, and that these slender filaments can be detected here and there in the plant, although they are only capable of producing spores in the flowers. Meanwhile it was also being discovered, step by Btep, and with many slips, that when the dark spores are placed under favourable conditions they germi- nate, presenting some very remarkable phenomena in the process: it was also gradually proved that these dark spores— minute black, purple, or brown spherules, consisting of a firm, smooth, or punctate coat, enclosing protoplasm— can in some cases be preserved dry for years without losing their power of germination. Finally, it w,as proved that these spores, on germination, produce structures which give rise in some way to new fungus filaments inside new plants of Wheat, Barley, Maize, &c., according to the species, &c. ; and then observers became in- volved in a complex coil of difficulties in the attempts to unravel details. Important as these details are, in their proper place, I shall omit them here, merely saving that they have reference chiefly to specific pecularities in the modes of germination of the spores, ditliculties of infection, and the choice (so to speak) of host-plants by the parasite. Giiowrii or tub Fasii"-^. The outcome of all this may be summed up as follows : When the spore is allowed to germinate in water the tough outer skin bur.sts, and a thin hya- line celluloje membr.ane enclosing the swelling proto- plasmic contents, emerges as a delicate tube. In some cases this tube protrudes through a definite thin spot ; in others no germination could be induced in water, even though plenty of air was present and the temperature normal. The older the spore the longer the time required before germination. When the above germinal tube has attained a length of say five or six times the diameter of the spore, it breaks up into segments, and begins to put out numerous bud-like branches, which soon separate as single cells, looking very like cells of the Yeast plant. These yeast-like cells have usually been called sporidia. In some species the sporidia are long and thi'ead-like, and produced in a sort of coronet. Other varieties in detail occur, but our purpose is served if the j-eader apprehends that the nsual mode of germination in water is for the spore to put fiirlh a short tube (the so-called pro-mycelium), from which several sporidia are then budiled off*, ■yiiese sporidia have a gn-at teuilcncy to unite ia pairs — a phenomenon the explanation of which has given rise to much dispute. Many have sought to explain it as a sexual act ; another hypothesis is that the sporidia unite because they contain rela- tively large quantities of ferment-substance, and I have found that fungus-filaments generally are ajjt to unite when such is the case. This, however, is by the way, .and explains little. Many attempts have been made from time to time to infect Wheat, Barley, Maize, and other plants with their respective smuts and bunts, by placing the above spores on the leaves, roots, flowers, and so forth, but with curiously divergent though mostly negative results. In a few cases — c^., the Entylomaon species of lianunculus — the infection is a comparatively easy matter; but in others — c.ff., the Ustilago which causes smut in Wheat — the attempt failed. In the case of Maize, some of the attempts were successful, others not. Since the results most interesting to agriculturists are those concerning the bunts and smuts of our ordinary corn crops, I propose to deal with these only in what follows. How AND Whbuk ruE FuNocs Esruns thb Plant. The first steps in the elucidation of the extremely difficult problems here involved were taken by Ilofi'inann, Kiihn, and Wolft' during the period between 186(3 and 1880. Kuhn was the first, I believe, to actually perceive the iienetration of the fungus into the plant. He showed that if the spores of the bunt fungus (Tilletia) are sown with the Wheat grains, they germinate and produce their promycelia pari pas)iii with the emergence of the radicle of the young Wheat seedling ; from the promycelia are developed the now well known sporidia, and these sporidia then put forth extremely fine fungus filaments which penetrate the young and delicate tissues of the embryo Wheat plant, somewhere in the part (collar) common to root and shoot. Kiihn repeated his experiments successfully with the smut of corn, and with several other species; always find- ing the incipient mycelium ofthe fungus in the deli- cate collar. After some years of I'esearch Kiihn con- cluded that the normal mode of infection common to the majority of these fungi is the following. The spores ripen in the smutted and bunted cereals with the grain, and are garnered with the latter, they become scattered on to the healthy grains, and may be sown in the following spring with these. As the young cereal germinates, the attached spores produce their promycelia and sporidia, and the germ- tubes from the latter penetrate the embryo corn plant. But now came the crn.r. If the fungus is such a virulent parasite as it was made out to be, how is it that we see little or no more of its elVeets until the late summer and autumn, when the grain begins to ripen ? It is true, refined investi- gations jjroved that the mycelium could lie dis- covered in small quantities in the corn plants as they grew larger and older, but it seemed to Ve have found the most suitable manner to grow good foliage, to form a background, a charming and pleasant effect is produced. A few Palms and Ferns arranged with the Orchids forms a charming and enchanting picture, which deserves the attention of Orchid growers to a greater extent than they have yet given the subject. This OoQiiJium, we find, eiijovs more heat than and moisture. We find the temperature of the East India suits it admirably. The plants are suspended and syringed every day in summer, and the roots are kept moist throughout the growing season ; during rest the supply of water must be reduced. The plant has now become very reasonable in price, and we advise our reivders to grow this species in quantity, Fin. 4.3.— JASMiNrM nudicaule ; flowees yellow, (see p. 236.) this plant is upon a block or a raft of wood, which, indeed, is the most natural manner, and the natural plan succeeds best under cultivation. In this manner this beautiful Orchid displays its charms to the best advantage. The leaves grow in the manner depicted on our plate, and the flower-spikes proceed from the base of the newly made growth, when the plants we suspended amongst or against plants with was at first anticipated. We have ourselves tried it in different temperatures, and have also observed the results obtained in other collections, and from these observations we are fully convinced that want of heat has been the cause of failure in the cultiva- tion of this plant, and the conditions under which this plant has for the most part hitherto been grown is a mistake, and that it really requires strong heat more especially as but little space is necessary for its accommodation, and as its cheerful flowers appear during the autumn months — a season when Orchid blooms may be reckoned as scarcest. " Orchid Album" BecemberJiSSS. CVPEIPEDICM TaUTZLANUM LEPIDUJI X. This pretty variety, a cross between Cypripedium 238 THE GA B D E NEBS' CHR ONI CLE. [Fkbroahy 23, 1889. niveum and C. barbatiim, is in flower at Mr. W. Bull's nursery. It seems a neater plant than the type, its rosy marlvings and spots on a ground-colour of white being brighter, and the two purple blotches oa the staminode are very striking features. Cypbipedidm Lathamiancm. The stock of this is now in flower in Messrs. Jas. Veitch and Sons' nursery, Chelsea. Its flowers are just what one would expect to result from the crossing of two such good and free-growing plants as C. Spiceriauum and C. villosum. When the plant gets to its full strength it will be a greut favourite. Dendkobium Schneideuiandm X. This is a very pretty addition to the Dendrobes, obtained by crossing U. Findlayanuni and I), aureum. Its flowers are equal in size to those of a good 1). nobile, white, with clear rose-pink tips to the sepals, petals, and lip ; the lip having a clear orange blotch at the base. It is also a very free grower. It is in flower with Messrs. Veitch. ANGR-lIffM CACDATUM is a native of the hot district about Sierra Leone, Western Tropical Africa, and, therefore, it requires the temperature of the East Indian, or hottest house in our gardens ; it also requires a large amount of moisture, especially during the summer months ; in autumn the supply must be reduced; but even during this season it should not be allowed to be- come dry at the roots, as it has no thick fleshy bulbs to support it. The best material to grow this plant ia living sphagnuiu moss, this will keep it moist and in a healthy condition, whicli is a point of material importance, for if neglected it frequently leads to the loss of the lower leaves; in this respect An- gra:cums resemble Aerides, and loss of foliage means loss of beauty. Angrajcums are nearly always grow- ing, and care must be exercised that the flower- spikes are not allowed to injure the plant ; if it appears to be impoverished, the spike or spikes should be at once cut off and placed in a glass of water, where the flowers will continue to display their beauty for a long time, especially if the water is re- newed every few days. We find these plants thrive best when grown in baskets suspended from the loot, they enjoy sun and light, but must be shaded when the sun's rays are very powerful ; the morning and evening sun, however, will not harm them, while during the autumn and winter months they should be exposed to all the sun and light it is possible to give them ; this strengthens their foliage and ripens their growth, causing the plants to flower more freely. Drain well, and ;ht is injurious to all Cypripedium and they should therefore be carefully shaded from it wlien necessary and grown on the shady side of the house wherever possible. Yellow thrips attack them, especially the warm-house kinds, and these should be carefully kept down by sp'mging with weak tobacco- water. The temperatures for the month of March are : — Warm-house. {>:i'^ to 70°, Fahr.. hy day, and 00° at niffht; intermediate-house, 00° to i\j'^ by day, and .">5° at night ; cool-house, 5.i° to fiO° by day ; and oU^ at night. The houses may be allowed to range somewhat higher bv sunheat. Jauies O'Brien. The Flower Garden. Sekdlin'g Pansies and Violas. — In the summer of 1.S87 I was privileged to inspect several gardens in the North of England, and the one flower garden plant that seemed to do the best in all tlie gardens I visited was the fancy Pansy. Never did I sec snoli large nor so ahowy — and yet handsome — flowers, and 1 ought to add, grander plants ; no wonder, therefore, that I resolved to try them here. This was done last year, and with such a fair amount of success, a** to encourage further trials. The cooler and moister atmosphere of the North has no doubt much to do \vith the success attending the cultivation of Pansii-s, and if in our drier climate wn are to succe^^d in growing tlie plants successfully, the fiist point to attend to is the securing of a gcmd depth of rich soil and the next — copiously watering tlie plants whenever the weather continues dry. Strong plants put out during this month would stand a better chance of resisting drought than seedlings raised now, as is the Northern custom, and which we copied last year by sowing in heat early in February, growing the plants on in frames and planting out in May. They began to flower immediately, the cool summer being all in their favour. The old plants have lately been sjdit up and replanted, and I feel sure that for the southern part of the kingdom this will prove to bo tlu> best .0 FEBIiCARY L'.1, 1889.J TH E GA BD E N E B S' CHR ONI CL B. '280 plau. I wouUl strongly atlvise the niisluj^ of seedliuj^a this year, and the plants to be grown on a partially shaded border during the summer, and this spring twelve months to be planted out lor tlie following summer's display [too long — sow in September in cold frames]. Of all the many varietiL's of Viola that I have tried from time to time few are better in all seasons than Blue Bell, Mrs. Grey, Countess of Hopetoun. white; Uardwick yellow, Archie Grant, purple, and Lilacifla lavender. Fibrous-rooted ht-qanias.—There are sevtTa\Ya.rietits tjf this section of Begonias that in warm seasons do extremely well bedded out, but only two of all that 1 have made trial of which can be depended on to do satisfactorily should the summer be as the last was, that is. cold and sunless. The two varieties in ques- tion are weltoniensis and Princess Beatrice ; both of them are closely allied to each other in habit of growth, foliage, and flower ; the former by its neutral tints is of value as a face to brighter flowers. Princess Beatrice is a dwarfer plaut, with almost pure white flowers, and it is hardier. It never seeds, con- sequently there is no picking over required, other than an occasional pinching out of the points of shoots to keep the plants within the allotted space. It is the perfection of a plant for forming the marginal lines to flower-beds of any kind, and for plauting in conjunction with such dwarf bedding plants as Alter- nantheras and variegated Mesembryanthemum. The old plants should be lifted after frost has cut them down in the autumn, and wintered in shallow boxes in light soil. Such plants may now be split up into as many parts as are needed for the coming summer display, and planted out in a frame placed on a mild hotbed of leaves, and from this bed they may be transplanted to the flower beds about the middle of May. The \arieties castanasfolia, knowsleyiana In- gramii, and fuchsioides do fairly well out-of-doors in a hot summer. Cuttings put in now, or division of roots, will make good plants for putting out at the end of May. J'ases, — In most gardens vases for flowering plants are important features, and in gardens laid out geo- metrically they are almost indispensable. The planting of open-air vases of every description can- not possibly be done in a too gracefully-careless fashion ; but where the conditions are favourable the plants should be selected from this point of view. A mass of scarlet Pelargoniums may please some persons, but the flower-gardener with feelings of Art views things from a different standpoint, and lie would rightly decide to employ the free use of trailers and mixtures of plants — for the centres of vases, planting Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Heliotropes, Marguerites, Grtvilleas, Cannas, and Yuccas (which are all excellent for the purpose), and for the outer row, or rows, Petunias, Coboea scandens, Canaiy Creeper, Convolvulus major. Nasturtiums, and Ivy- leaved Pelargoniums. If in addition to the small vases that are planted after this fashion there are sometimes raised beds in prominent positions, which are planted in somewhat the same style, the amount of formality in geometrically laid out parterres will not only be much lessened, but the beauty of the ar- rangement heightened. fT. Wildsmith, Hcckfield. Fruits Under Glass. PiN'E-AppLEs. — Fruiting.plants may now be gently pushed on in a genial temperature of 70*-' by night, with a rise of 1U° to \b'^ by day when the sun shines. The house should be closed early in the afternoon, from 1 to 2 o'clock, damping down the paths and walls with clear water, and occasionally with manure- water. The bottom-heat may stand at 'J.i°. Let the fruits be securely supported in an upright posi- tion or the crowns will grow aslant. Pay the utmost attention to the watering of the plants, using for the purpose tepid manure- water after each second watering. Sitccessions will now be pushing up their flower- spikes, therefore encourage the plants to grow vigorously, and be sure that they do not want for water, but examine each individually, and if not throwing up a bloom-spike withhold water altogether, or they may start to grow instead of blooming. Let the temperature be 65°— 70° at night, 80°— a5° by day with sun-heat, the bottom-heat as before, and air being afforded them in mild weather. Proper attention to ventilating the structure has much influence in preventing the crowns growing too large when considerable amounts of water are slopped about. Younger plants for starting later on should be kept at a lem|)erature of 00° at night, and avoid all sudden changes in watering, airing, or extremes of temperature by day or night, or the plants may all start to flower before they are wanted. Maintain a genial buoj'ant air, not one stagnant with damp or dry and exhausting witli excessive heut from the hot pipes. The idants will require more constant attention as regards watering as the days increase iu length, and the sun in |)ower. Suckers. — If the soil and other material are in readiness, advantage may be taken of mild weuther for potting up all those which may require it, into their fruiting pots, which may be of 10 inches in diameter if they are any variety of the Queen Pine- apple. The strongest and finest looking plants, and those that have filled their pots with roots should be chosen for potting, and before putting them into the pots gently separate all matted roots with a blunt- ended piece of wood. The suil used should contaiu to every barrow-load of fibry loam an 8-inch potful of Thomson's Vine manure, a 6-iuch potful of dry soot, and if the soil is of a heavy or close nature a small quantity of silver-sand may be added to the other in- gredients. When the loam is light and porous it is well to add pounded charcoal. Let the soil be warmed be- fore using it, and it should be dry rather than moist, so that when it is rammed firmly into the puts it will yet be porous and elastic. After potting give no water (or a time, but maintain a moist growing atmosphere in the pit, giving air to the plants during the dav. The temperature at night may range from G0°— 65°, and the bottom-heat from 85°— 90°. (live a gentle dewing ovpt with the syringe at shut- ting up time. I may eay, in passing, that Pine- growing is a far different thing in the North to what it is in the South of England. I have seen the late Mr. Barnes, of Bicton, use the garden-engine in summer every day over his Pines, one man keeping the engine filled with manure-water, while the foreman pumped till the axils of the leaves were full and running over — and Mr. Barnes was celebrated as the finest Pine- grower of his day ; but this kind of treatment could be scarcely carried out with advantage in the Mid- lands or in the North. Any suckers which were left on old fruiters may now he potted, and the stock of scarce varieties should have their leaves trimmed and be laid in a strong boltom-heat to break once more. The Late Houses. — All Grapes should be cut and put away in the Grape-room, but if this cannot be done, keep the house at -15°, and exclude damp. All the late Vines should be pruned as early as possible, the borders top-dressed and watered, and the houses well cleansed. Apply some styptic as soon as the Vines are pruned, if found necessary, and rub ofl'tlie bark and apply a wash of half a pint of lemon oil to the gallon of soft water. This is a very safe and eflfective insecticide. Where well-drained borders are found to be dry, water them thoroughly and immediately. Vine Eyes. — Now is the time to put in these, selecting well-ripened shoots, not too strong, with ]jlump full buds. Cut pieces of 1^ inches, the bud being midway from each end ; slice the baik and a little of the wood away, on what will be the underside when placed in the soil. These eyes may be struck siugl}' in go's, cr in pans of twelve or more together, burying them in sandy loam up to the bud. They may be struck in bottom-heat of S0°, in a frame on a dung-bed, or under a hand-glass plunged in a Melon- house or Pine-pit. W. Bennett, Rangemorc, Burton-on~ Trent. The Hardy Fruit Garden. The Frost and Fruit Trees. — Since writing my last notice we have experienced some very sharp frosts and a fall of snow of some depth. The frost registered here on the morning of February 1.3 was 21°, which is the lowest recorded on any single occasion in this part of the country for some years. The check to the rapid swelling of fruit buds of all kinds is a severe one, and the forwardest of Apricots, Pears, and especially Brockworth Park, which were on the point of opening its flowers, may have su Iff red damage. We shall, now that mild weather has set in, push along as fast as possible with pruning and nailing Peach and Nectarine trees, to avoid the loss of buds which would take place if the work be not finished off before these commence to swell visibly. JS'uts. — Where these are grown, pruning the bushes may now be taken in hand. In Kent, where many acres of Filberts are grown for market, the pruning generally begins with the beginning of the year, and extends over a period of three months ; bat this practice of beginning at so early a date is not to bo recommended where only a few bushes are grown, and which cau be finished off quickly. The best time to jirune the Filbeit Nut is when the tiny, pink-coloured female bhif^soms are showing, which generally taken place in the present month, earlier or later, according to the weather. Beginning with the youngest trees cut out all growths in the centre, which must always be kept well open, then select from three to seven of the strongest and best placed thoots to form the main branches of the future bush (vase shape), and which should start from a clean stem 15 indies in height. These shoots are cut back annually to an outside bud longer or shorter according to their strength, and by that means induce numerous fruiting lateral shoots ana spurs. If at the first pruning only three shoots were selected there should be two others selected from each, which should be encouraged to grow, so as to form the head, and as the bushes increase in height and circumference others must be left at each annual pruning until the proper dimensions are reached, which should not exceed 6 feet, as regards the height of the bushes. Afterwards the pruning will consii-t of merely shortening back lateral shoots which have borne fruit, removing entirely gross growing fehoots, shortening back unfruitful shoots to a few buds, and endeavouring, so far as possible to keep the prin- cipal branches well clothed with the small twiggy fruitful growths. All suckers growing up round the stem should be removed with a suckering iron, and sufficient male flowers or catkins left to secure fer- tilisation of the blooms. Should there be a scarcity of catkins some branches of the common Hazel fur- nished with catkins in a properly forward state may be placed in the buslies. Old bushes may lequire assistance at the roots, and for this purpose manure or fresh soil should be employed for the purpose, but anything likely to lead to rank growth should be avoided, such, for instance, as too much rich farm- yard manure, night soil, &c. Fresh waste or old woollen rags, especially the first-named, is the best manure lor nuts I nni acquainted with. H. Mark- ham, Mvrcworth Caf-t/r, Kciif. The Kitchen Garden. Miscellaneous Items. — A few Vegetable Marrows may be sown to place in an early Potato frame when empty ; also a few set ds of Gherkins, some seeds of Capsicums, and Egg-fruit, the fruits of which are cooked in a young state. Pot on Tomatos, Capsi- cums, Ac, as they require it, and grow them in a temperature of 60°. Sow more Tomato seed, Early Milan Turnip, Horn Carrot, and Chervil. A suc- cessional sowing of Peas may now be made, and it will be found good practice to sow Peas at the middle and end of each month up to June 3U ; and the same holds good of Broad Beans. A sowing of Parsley may be got in when the soil is in a workable state. For this crop let the ground be well manured and trenched deeply, if that be necessary, and where wireworm abounds a dressing of soot will be found very beneficial. In some gardens which have light soil Parsley is not reared without difl^culty, for when it gets about the transplanting size it is attacked bj' a worm which destroys the outer coating of the root, and the plant perishes or lives miserably, I have, however, overcome this difiiculty by trans- l>lanting. and have seldom peen a transplanted bed interfered with. \V. M. Baillic. Trade Journalism. — The annual special issue of the l^iiiiher Tradrs Juurnal, published on the 9th inst., contains reports on the timber trade of the past year from seventy ports in the United Kingdom, arranged in geographical sections, accompanied by portraits of the leading importing merchants. The Mahogany and hardwood trades are dealt with in reviews from the principal importing centres in this country and the Continent, and the horae-grown timber trade is represented by reports from the fifteen principal timber-growing districts. A large section of the paper is devoted to reports from the exporting countries of the North of Europe, Ger- many, Austria, British North America, and the United States ; and to the importing countries of ths Continent and other parts of the world, 240 THE GAFDE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [Febrcart 23, 1889 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under tio circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. SUBSCRIBERS TO rHB GARDENERS' CHRONICLE who experience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders .should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. OAKDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " GARDCHRON, LONDON." Now reaay, In cloth, lis. 64. J HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. n'., Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1888. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. * : SALES. 1 Nursery Stock, at Westerliam Nur- MONBAY, Feb. 2.T. sery, Kent (three days), by Pro- ( theroe & Morris. Orchids in Flower, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Roses, Cnl'nations. Picotees, &c., at the City Auction Rooms, hy 1 ro- theroe & Morris. (Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, 10,000 Liliums, &c., at i,a,jir^^a.^, tfo. »i^ Stevens' Rooms. j Lilies, &c., at Protheroe & Morris' I Rooms. - Imported Orchids and others, in Flo^ver and Bud, at Stevens' Rooms. Nursery Stock, from sample, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Live and Dead Stock, at Barvius Park, Potter's Bar, by Protheroe & Morris (two days). THURSDAY, FRIDAY, . ( Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' "i Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK-40".4. The Cercle Floral of Antwerp pro- Botany in its 3^5 jQ establish in that city, in Geosraphical, *^ ^ r^^^ , ., . ■ -'iv Commercial, the year 1890, an exhibition illus- and Indus rial trative of the subjects mentioned Aspects. in the heading. The project springs from the recognition of the fact, that flower shows, as such, are far too numerous and, except in some cases, monotonous. The generality, ■while of value to those immediately partici- pating in them, do not contribute much to the ad- vance of horticulture generally nor to the eleva- tion of the pursuit in the eyes of the public— at least they do not do so in a degree at all in pro- portion to the exertions made and the money spent in getting them up. In this country flower- show managers have, consciously or unconsci- ously, begun to recognise these truths, and haxe made some attempts to get out of the old routine, and extend their operations. AVe may instance the several Conferences on Orchids, Narcissus, Prim- roses, Potatos, Chrysanthemums, and Hardy Fruit Culture. By their means the public is made to appreciate the fact that, not only is horticul- ture a harmless and refining amusement for the rich, and an agreeable pastime for the leisure hour of the worker, but that it is of great im- portance to natural science, while as an element of national industry it is entitled to much higher rank than is generally accorded to it. Our Antwerp friends, following up what has been done at Nancy and at Copenhagen, now propose to form an exhibition illustrative not only of the floras of particular countries, but also of the economic products derived from them. The same idea was partially carried out, as many of our readers will remember, at the Indo- Colonial Exhibition a year or two ago. The oonser\'atories attached to several of the Colonial courts gave a general idea of the predominant vegetation of the Colonies, while close by were the products derived from the plants in question. At Kew, the Museums of Economic Botany, and the several plant houses, furnish ample material to the same end. But unfortunately so vast are the stores at Kew, that three separate museums are required, and all of necessity separated from the living plants, and from the laboratory, herbarium, and library. At Antwerp, for a temporary purpose, it may be possible to get together in close proximity, or at any rate in a relatively small area, an exhibition of plants and their products from all countries. Take, for instance, rubber or caoutchouc. More than a hundred different species belonging to different natural orders and to various countries are now recognised as sources of rubber. It is proposed to obtain representatives of as many of these as possible, together with drawings and other illustrations where the living plant cannot be obtained, and to place them side by side with other illustrations representative of the mode of production and manufacture of caoutchouc. And so on with the other very numerous vegetable products. Another proposal is to show what has been done by the skill of the gardener in cros.s- breeding and hybridisation. Anthurium An,lre- anum, to cite one instance, will be shown with as many of the hybrids and developments from it as circumstances will allow. In this manner the work of the horticulturist and the progress of horticulture will be made known to the botanist and to to the general public in a very atractive and striking fashion. The debt of gratitude that is due to the DouQLASF.s, the Fortunes, the Roezls, the Lindens, and so many more botanical collectors of various nationalities, will receive some acknow- ledgment by the grouping together of as many as possible of the plants originally introduced by each collector. I'erhaps it will be found well in carrying out this part of the programme to limit the exhibition to the plants introduced by those collectors whose labours have terminated with their death, and not to include the introductions of still living collectors. The artistic and sesthetio faculties are not overlooked in the programme, but plants as fur- nishing models for designers and art workmen find a place in it. It is proposed that explanatory lectures, with appropriate illustrations, shall lie given. A Congress, of course, is contemplated, where- at may be discussed some of the many subjects which so wide a programme of necessity com- prises. Nothing is hinted in the programme before us of any other gathering, but our Bel- gian friends are too much like ourselves to allow such an opportunity for a cosmopolitan banquet to pass without availing themselves of it. The banquet might appropriately be of a strictly vegetarian character ! Seriously, we hope that the largest possible measure of success may await an enterprise so well calculated to advance knowledge, and convey to the general public just ideas of the value and importance ot horticulture and botany. Horticultural Club.— The annual dinner took place on Tuesday, 12th inst., at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria .Street, Westminster, and notwitli- standing the inclemency of the weather there was a good attendance of members. The chair was taken by Dr. Hogg, and there were present the Rev. W. Wilks, Messrs. Henry J. Veitch, D. Jtorris, Bunyard, H. .J. Pearson, Pollett, A. H. Pearson, H. Turner, Girdlestone, .J. H. Veitch, Walker, Girdlestone, Crawley, Sturge, Deal, &c. The Chairman spoke in feeling terras of the absence of their revered Chair- man, Mr. John Lee, but said there was every hope that he would, when the weather became milder, be with them again ; and during the evening a telegram was read from him, expressing his best wishes for the prosperity of the Club ; and the toast of his health was received with great enthusiasm. Rosa FCZTIDA. — There is a capital " take- off" on the black Dahlia, blue Rose, and similar horticul- tural vagaries in Album Bracke (Lcs Caricatures Parisieniies), for 1889, p. 67. The humour of it is a good deal accentuated by the serious manner in which the florist is represented (in the cartoon) of making the discovery known. The legend of the jncture runs thus: — " Enfin, mon cher monsieur, aprei cinq ans des labeurs obstines, d(^boires deceptions de toutes sortes, je suis parvenu A obteuir la Rose f(5tide, Rosa fffitida, et a combler ainsi une des lacunes les plus importantes dans le regne vegetal ! " ("At last, my dear Sir, after five years of obstinate labour of disappointments and deceptions of all sorts, I have succeeded in obtaining thestinking Rose, Rosa foctida, and in filling one of the most important gaps in the vegetable kingdom.' ) Perhaps our own florists will take a hint from the sarcasm, and give up trying to obtain the impossible ! "Chambre Syndicale " OF Belgium.'— At a meeting held on the llth inst. the following awards were made : — First-class Certificates. — To Clivia miniata (seed- ling) from M. G. De Cock ; to C. miniata (seedling), from M. Louis van Houtte ; to Lycaste Skinneri atro-rubens, from M. .Jules Hey-Leysen ; to Odonto- glossum excellens, from M. G. Vincke-Dujardin ; to Cypripedium GodseHianum (unanimously), and Cvpripedium tonkinense, from M. Ed. Pynaert- Van Geert ; to Cypripedium Spicerianum Leodienae, from Messrs. Jacob Makoy & Co. University of St. Andrew's. —Among the lectures i)roposed to be given in connection with the University Lecture Extension Association are the following : — 1, " The Outlines of Modern Botany ;" 2, "The Evolution of Plants;" ."i, "The Common Sense of Gardens and Gardening;' by Patrick Geddes, F.R.S.E., Professor of Botany in University College, Dundee. Also, 1, "Botany;" 2, "Horti- culture and Arboriculture ;" by Jonv Wilsom, B.Sc, Lecturer on Botany in the University of St. An- drews, and on Horticulture in the Ileriot-Watt College, Edinburgh ; formerly Demonstrator on Zoology in the I^uiversity of St. Andrews. Fruiterers' Company. — It is stated that this Company will hold an Exhibition of Soft Pruits at the Mansion House (by permission of the Lord Mayor) some time in July. This is the outcome of a suggestion recently made by his Lordship. Hardy Primroses.— Mr. A. Dean will read a paper on Hardy Primroses before the members of the Chiswick Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Association on Friday evening next, March 1. Tulip Disease. — In the .lanuary number of Agriculhiml Science, published by the Professor of Agriculture in the University of Tennesee, a trans- lation from the Italian is given of a memoir by Dr. V. Cavaua, of Pavia, relating to a disease of Tulips Febiiuary 28, 1889.J THE GABDENEE8' GHBONICLE. 241 artectiiig the leaves, stems, anil flowers, and caused by a parasitic fungus like that to wliose ravages the Lily- disease is due. The "Entomologist" is now in its twenty- sixth year. By the use of smaller type it has been enlarged so as to give more than six pages of addi- platea, woodcuts, and descriptions of new species and local forms. The magazine is edited by Jfr. CvRiNQTox, with tlie assistance of .several well- known entomologists ; and is publislied by Messrs. Wkst, Newm.vn, & Co. Seed Lists,— We have received thi- followinsj annual meeting in Barrie. One of the subjects dis- cussed was tlie marketing (packing, transportation, &c.) of .small fruits. In answer to a question as to wlietlier growers would meet with success were tliey personally to superintind tlje selling and transport of fruit, Mr. A. M. Smith said :— " I think 1 can tell you just about how that^ would work. In'all these Fig. 44, — abies bracteata, i-rom eastnor castle fjARDESs: cone purplish-browv. (kee p. "lA'Z.) tional matter, th*» price remaining as low as six- pence. In the current number the leading features are — descriptions of new species of insects, illus- trated by an excellent coloured, plate; a note on the recurrence of a noctuoid moth in these islands after an absence of seventy years ; important papers upon the variations of insects, the usual popular notes, and facilities for exchange among entomologists. Material in the hands of the Editor promises well for the coming year, especially with regard to exchange lists : — From Palermo and Montpellier, a list of seeds which the authorities of the Botanic Gardens of those cities offer for exchange. A catalogue of seeds and living plants from the JarOindes Plantes of Paris, sent by JM. Maxime Cohnu, 27, Rue Cuvier ; and from the same address a similar catalogue of seeds. Commission Agents.— The annnal report of the Fruit Growers' Association of Ontario for 18S7 contains, among other information, a report of the large cities there are commission men who, when they see a stranger come in with a lot of fruit, stand back and say, 'He has to sell it at some price; we will just wait.' There is a ring among the com- mission men in these large cities, who act together in that way. The fruit growers of the Niagara district, having a great deal of trouble in disposing of their fruit satisfactorily through these men, got together and formed a joint stock company, and we have since employed an agent of our own and put •242 2 'HE GA RDE NEB .S" CHB ONI CL E. [FKBnrART :2.'{, 1889. him in Toronto, ant the above plant is carrying nine spikes and lil'ty flowers. Jlr. Tulev, the gardener, states tliat he has others with twenty-eight blooms. The Flower Shops. -T!;e principal items seen in the retail shops are Acacia dealbata, from the . Riviera; Eucharis amazonica, Anemones, white Arums, Azaleas iudJca and mollis, Camellias, Cycla- mens, Cattleyas, Dendrobium nobile, Daffodils, white Lilac, Lily of the Valley, white Narcissus, white and yellow Marguerite, Roses, Pelargoniums, Snowdrops, Tulips, Violets, single and double ; white Hyacinths. Pot plants include Tulips, Hyacinths, Astilbe (Spiraea) japonica, Genista, &c. Jarrah Timber FENCiNO.—Messrs. Holliday & Grkenwood, a well known firm of builders at Loughborough Park, have, says the Tioihcr Trader Jo7(rnal,jnst erected a very fine mansion for Baron Kxopp, at Forest Hill, S.E. The fence surrounding the grounds runs along the corners of the ^layow and Dacres Roads at a height of about 5 feet, and is constructed entirely of -Tarrah timber, the varied and delicate shades of the wnod greatly enhancing the appearance of the grounds. The fence attracts con- siderable attention from passers-by. Reading Gardeners' Mutual Improve- ment Association.— The fortnightly meeting of this Association was held on Monday, the 18th inst., and was, as usual, largely attended. Mr. K. n. Catchpool presided, and Mr. E. Molvxeux, Swanmore Gardens, Bishops Waltham, read a paper on the leading points in Chrysanthemum growing for cut blooms. Culture of the Morel.— m. Baron D'Yvoire, as citi'd in tlie llhi.^lraiin)} Horfieole, succeeds in cul- tivating this toothsome fungus by sowing the spores of the Morol. fresli by jireference, but those from dried specinit-ns will grow, on a piece of ground planted with Globe Artichokes. In autumn, some few days before the mulching spread over tlie Arti- choke roots is put on, a very thin layer of the refuse Apples from the cider press is spread regularly over the ground ; after a week or two this layer must be covered over with withered leaves ; this covering of leaves is, for the most part, carefully removed about the first week in April, leaving, however, sufficient to ensure a moist surface. About April lathe young Morels may be expected to make their appearance, and continue to do so for about a month. Tf the soil is naturally dry, occasional waterings with a little saltpetre dissolved in a can of water may be used. ABIES BR AC TEAT A.' Tms is one of the most strikingly beautiful of all the Silver Firs. It is one of those few plants which is happy in an historical sense. It is easily recog- nised even without the cones, its source of origin is known, and there is little or none of the ambiguity and imperfect knowledge concerning it, such as are so fruitful of difi'erences of opinion, and so produc- tive of vexatious synonyms in other cases. It was first discovered by Coulter in the Santa Lucia moun- tains of California, in lat. 36° N., at an elevation of about 6000 feet. Douglas and Hartweg also found it in the same district, but it was reserved to William r^obb to introduce it to this country. In the Gar- deners' Chronicle for 1853, July U, |). 4.5'». is published a letter from Lobb to Messrs. Veitch, which is ^o interesting that we may extract a portion of it as follows : — " This beautiful and singular tree forms here the most conspicuous oinament of the arborescent vege- tation. On the western slopes, towards the sea, it occupies the deepest ravines, and attains the height of 120 to 150 feet, and from 1 to 2 feet in diameter; ■ the trunk is as straight as an arrow, the lower branches decumbent; the branches of tiie upper pait are numerous, short, and thickly set, forming a long tapered pyramid or spire, whicli gives to the trte tliat peculiar appearance which is not seen in any other kinds of the Pinus tribe. AVhen standing fiir apart, and clear from the suri'ounding trees, the lower branches freijuently reach the ground, and nut a portion of the trunk is seen from the ba.«e to the top. " Along the summit of the central ridges, and about the highest peaks, in the most exposed and coldest places imaginable, where no other Pine makes its appearance, it stands the severity of the climate without the slightest perceptible injury, growing in slaty rubbish, which to all appearance is incapable of supporting vegetation. In such situations it becomes stunted and bushy, but even then the foliage maintains the same beautiful dark green colour, and when seen at a distance it appears mom like a hand- somely grown Cedar than a Pine. No doulit it is one of the haidiest trees of the Californian vegeta- tion, and is equally well adapted for clothing the mountain tops as the sheltered valley. "The cones, too, are quite as singular as the growth is beautiful ; when fully developed the scales, as well as the long leaf-like bracts, are covered with globules of thin transparent resin, presenting to the eye a curious and striking object. " Douglas was mistaken in saying that this Fir does not occur below GOtK) feet of elevation. On the contrary, it is found as low as 3000 feet, where it meets Taxodium sempervirens." Later on the tree was met with by Beardsley, who, in the Pinetum Britannicitm, gives the following particulars concerning it : — "I have never seen any description that does justice to this most beautiful of all the Firs. It rises to the height of 130 feet, straight as a line, the trunk tapering regularly from the ground to the top ; clothed with branches which are slim and graceful down to the ground; the outlines of the branches taper almost as regularly as the trunk, giving the appearance of an 'elongated pyramid." as Hartweg describes it ; but I would rather call it a tall spire, with a pyramidal base of two-thirds of the lower part of the tree. The pencil of the artist could not give it a more regular shajte than it ajijiears in Nature. I saw no tree deprived of its lower branclits, except in thickets where it was impossible fur thfm to grow ; theie was none, with the above exceptions, that 1 could not step from the ground on to its branches. Notllinhaet nmarkable thing is, that these branches bear fine foliiige down to the ground, and the branchlels often touch the ground. 1 have found it occupying exclusively the calcareous districts abounding with Itdges of white, veined, and grey marble." Some writers say the plant grows on calcareous soil, while Vasey met it on moist cold soil. In this * Abies bracUatn, Nuttall, Syhm, ed. ii.. vol. 2, t. IIR; Engelm.inn. Botani/ of Calif om id, ii.. 118 (1«W0): Veitch. Mrt«(mMl8«l), p. i*9; variously reft'rred to Pirnis. or lo Pio**ji. by ofluT writPiH, but alway?* under thp simie sperilic name, Pouglas' MBH. nam« of venusta not having been adopted. country it forms a Iiandsome tree, with its pyramidal habit, sweeping pendulous branches, and long narrow leaves, dark green on one surface, radiant like silver on the other. A section across the leaf shows abundance of pallisade cells and two small resin canals, one on each side, close above the epiderm on the lower surface. The buds, too, are remarkable for their great size and their light brown jiarehment-like, sharply-pointed, ultimately recurved scales. In some cases we have observed two fibrous cords traversing the scales, which is unusual. The side buds of the leader shoot, as in so niitny instances among the Coniferai, expand before the central or terminal one, and the young shoots, as they are developed in early spring, are first of all bent downwards. Owing to this habit of growing early in -spring, the young growths occasionally get cut with frost, but, as a rule, the tree outgrows its tenderness as it increases in height, and due attention to aspect and soil will prevent any serious injury. Mr. Fowler also pointed out that in raising seedlings of these plants .some came into growth much later than others sown at the same time ; and if these be selected the ri=k of spring frost can be greatly reduced, and would be still further reduced in course of time if when the late plants themselves produce seeds the later growing' seedlings should in their turn be selected. Mr. Fowler also mentions his success in grafting this species on the common Silver Fir. The male fiowers are spreading, cylin- diical, about i\ inch long, and with pointed apicu- late yellow anthers. A tree at Tortworth is mentioned as having attained a height of :29 feet; while in the Garden of January 5, 1889, Mr. Coleman mentions that the tree at Eastnor is now 40 feet high. There is a fine specimen, but of smaller size, in Mr. Thomson's collection at Petham near Canterbury. From the tree at Eastnor ]Mr. Coleman was good enough to send us the cone figured at p. 241. Ilememberiug how it is stated in books that the scales are very readily separable, we had some fears that the cone we begged from Mr. Coleman might arrive in a state of disintegration. It was not so, however ; our artist was able to make his drawing, and the cone still adorns our study-table, without sign of sepaj'atton. This is, perhaps, due to the abundant exudation of resin which binds the scales together, and what scales, or rather what bracts they are ! Our illus- tration shows their size and form. The remarkable length of the bracts sets one wondering what their purpose can be. Can it be that the scales remain attached to the scales as they fall, and that these insert their long points into the dChris of leaves on the surface of the soil, and so serve to "dibble the seed in?" We do not know. AVe only say, C:in it be? Douglas compared the cones to the inflo- rescence of a Banksia. We submitted the cones to the inspection of non-botanical friends, who pro- nounced it to be a Teasel or a Thistle — com- pjirisons which aptly denote the apjiearance of the cones. Trade Notices. CAMHHIDGESHIKK. A MEMUER of a " long firm " is favouring the trade in the neighbourhood of Wisbech and elsewhere by obtaining goods from them, and then selling them by auction at various markets in tlie neighbour- hood. Caution to Advkktisers. ^lany complaints have reached us that a grossly improper use has been made of our advertising columns by an advertiser professing to require the sf^rvices of a gardener for a public institution. A demand for a fee of '_*.«. Gi/. has been made from those who answereil the advertisement, and this is the only reply they are likely to get. The so-called agent writes under many names, and is at the present time an object of solicitude on the part of the police. ThiBHuiHT '2:^ lft89.] THE OABDENEIfS' CHRONICLE. 243 Florists* Flowers. THE T UL 1 r. TuE Tulips have now generally appeared above- ground, aud in view of the wintry aspect of the weather a surface dressing of partly decayed manure should be strewn on the beds and colonies of bulbs as a protection to the protruding; leaves. My Tuliip- beds are raised slightly above the general level, and being well drained there is no danger of the roots being injured, aud the part above-groiniJ suiters only when the leaves spread out. It is a good plan to bend a few hoops of stout wire or rods over the beds, aud to throw mats over them in the event of frost. This kind of covering is unsightly; in well-kept gardens it is not allowed cu tliat account. The black Tulip has again come to the front, and has brought an interesting letter from Mr. Horner to a contemporary. There cannot be a pure black Tulip anywhere, for the base of the cup must be white, even in the breeder form ; but it is rather singular that tlie darkest colours are found in the flamed and feathered state of the flower ; the dark colour becomes intensified as the process goes on. I have noticed this peculiarity in the variety David Jackson, of which I have had at least a dozen breeders break into the flamed state, but none of them have feathertil. Talisman is the finest black or dark bybUemen, and is best when flamed. The rich dark feather of Mrs. Jackson is much admired, but I think it lacks the points that would make it a flower fit for exhibition. Talisman was raised by Dr. Hardy, and the otlu-r two by David Jackson. William Lea (Storrer) is black on a rich yellow ground, but the yellow does not bring out the black so well as a white ground would do. Masterpiece (Slater) is the most lovely of the black feathered bizarres. We hope to see some of the finest Tulips from the North this year in competition for the prize offered by the Turner Memorial , trustees at the Royal Horticultural Society in the Temple Gardens. The value of the prizes is not great, but yet I hope gi'owers will exhibit, in order to show what features constitute a show Tulip. The exhibition will be held on. May 30 and 31, and schedules can be obtained from the Secretary of the Royal Horticul- tural Society by intending exhibitors. Those whu intend to exhibit Tulips would do well to protect the blooms when they are expanded, as bright sun- shine and heavy rain rapidly spoil their beauty, and these facts hold good for Tulips in beds generally. J". Douglas. The Aukicul.v. I amuse myself sometimes by looking up the directions for culture in some of the oldest periodi- cals, when the Auricula was even more valued than it is now ; but it was not until the Florist v/as brought out forty years ago, that anything like a feasible system of culture was recommended. Gra- dually, and with evident reluctance, the use of rich composts was discontinued, until we now find that, with more simple composts, success has been great in developing vigorous plants, well formed pips, and perfect trusses. The most interesting part of these old cultural de- tails is contained in the remarks on the weather. For instance, Mr. J. T. Neville, writing in the second volume of the i^/on'ii! remarks, under the head of Auri- culas for January :—■' The extreme mildness of recent months has caused many of these plants to push up their bloom-stems." This is rather remarkable, for he must have alluded to the month of December and the previous month. Florists at that time sowed Auricula in Januar\'and February ; and I have found that good seeds will vegetate freely in those months, and when the seeds are sown at the time at which they ripen — in July — the greater number of young plants become visible in January and February, the seeds having laid dormant in the moist soil, the young plants appearing above ground within the course of a week or two. The seeds should alwavs be sown on a light sandy soil, and at no time must it be allowed to become as dry as dust. The Mr. J. T. Neville alluded to wrote the Auricula calendar for the earlier volumes of the Florist, and he gave very careful instructions about sowing the se^ids. Brietiy summarised they are as follows : — " Tlie compost three jiarts Icut'-niould to one part silver- sand. Fass it through a liue sieve and sow in pans, tilled to one- third of their depth with drainage. Sow the seeds on a level surface, and cover witii the fine leaf-mould and t^and not deeper tlian the thickness of three sheets of writing paper. The seed-pans or pots were to be placed in a western or north- western corner of tiie garden in a hand-light or frame, but to be exposed to light, misty showers, or a fall of snow now and then would be still more bene- ficial." I have not surface-dressed any of ray plants this year. Early in February I took off any olisets that were ready, and potted all of those that could be removed with a small root or roots attaciied. Offsets may be planted separately in small thumb- pots, or two, three, or half-a-dozen placed ruuml the edge of larger pots. They do not need any water for a week after potting, aud should be placed under a handlight and kept close until new roots are formed. J. Douglas. The new CHnvsANTHEHUJi Mrs. Alphecs Hahdv. Amongst the coming novelties of white Japanese varieties, this is unquestionably destined to take the first position, for I think it will be able to hold its own against all comers. The flower is beautifully incurved, in form resembling very much the variety called Mrs. Cannell ; but without disparaging in any way the merits of the latter, I may safely say that the new variety is much superior. The colour is as pure as driven snow; the petals are broad and stout and of the finest form. The most remarkable feature by which this varJi'ty is at once readily recognised is the numerous conspicuous long silky hairs at the back of the incurved petals. Last autumn the variety caused quite a sensation in the United States of America, aud some of the most expert Chrysanthemum growers in this country who have seen it consider Mrs. Alpheus Hardy to be the most beautiful and distinct of all the varieties in cul- tivation. C. S. BYBL(£MEN TULIPS. The word byblu?men is not used by all the old writers on Tulips ; some of these speak of late Tulips in cases where others would use the term bybloimen. The same signification is not attached to the word by the difi'erent authors ; thus, Van Kampen, in 1760, makes five classes of late parti- coloured, or broken Tulips, riz. : — 1. Baquette primo (fond blanc panache de brun). 2. Baquette Riquert (fond blanc panache de brun). 3. Bybkemen (fond blanc panache de violet et brun noiriitre). 4. [Our roses, but for this class no special name is used] (fond blanc panache de coaleur de rose de vers- meil et de rnbis). 5. Bizarres (;i fond jauue panache de difiereute couleurs). On the other hand, Neuenhahu Blii,iiien::wie- belngiirtiier, 1804, brings violets and roses together under one class, to which the name of byblrcmen is given. Of these he says their stem is not so tall as that of Baguette Rignaux. Their flowers, however, have the same fine form, and the ground colour is always white. As for variegation they are divided into two classes — 1st, those with blue, violet, or black-brown ; 2nd, with rose, reddish, or red illuminations (feather) ; the last class is specially valuable. The petals of these byblcemen are not so blunt or rounded, but more pointed than those of the Baquettes, nevertheless, they are valued. As to the meaning of the word, " bloemen " natur- ally means flowers. The prefix " by " has nothing to do with bis — two, twice — but comes from hi (be), which is very frequently found in combination witli different words, and originally means "around ; " it is translated after the diflfereut ways it is used in English, according to the context, by— near, close to, witli, by. There are a few words in Dutch in which the word is used in a similar way, as in the word byblojmen: thus, for example, 6^-iytv/ (English, by-way); ''y-^Jrtt/ (English, by-path) ; hy-kans (Eng- lish, literally hg-c/icuur, meaning almost); bg- loopcr (English, by-runuer, meaning assistant), &c. From analogy, therefore, we may guess what was the origiaal meaning of the word bybhcmen applied to Tulips; but I must repeat, we can only guess, as, up to the present time, I have not found in old books any suflicieut explanation. If it is to be found anywhere! hope to come across it, as I have the intention to look over, at a moment of leisure, the whole old literature on Hyacinths, Tulips, &c. It may mean Tulips belonging to a class of secondary value. The Baquettes are always mentioned first in old lists, because with their tall stems and perfectly formed large flowers, they may have been considered as the principal late Tulips for cultivation. The bybUemen are always mentioned after them, and as they were not so tall-growing, and their flowers were more pointed in shape, although valued, they may have been considered inferior to the Baquettes. The word " bybla'.men " seems to have been first used iu the eighteenth century, a considerable time (perhaps a hundred years) later than the famous first Tulipomania took place (1634). At tlie time it was used first the byblteuien probably were not so perfect or noted as was the case in later years, especially in the end of the eighteentli, and the first part of the present century. It is not probable, if my supposition is true, that at a late period there would have been a reason to consider the byblcemen in- ferior to the Baquette, but at the time the epithet was first given this might have been the case J. H. Krclagc. Book Notice. The Folk-lore of Plants. By T. F. Thiselton Dyer. (Chatto & Windus.) Of this book the compiler says in his preface that "it is hoped "that this little work will serve as a useful handbook for those desirous of gaining some information in a brief, concise form of the folk-lore, which in one form or another has clustered round the vegetable kingdom. From this point of view the book may certainly be commended, as the writer has been careful to cite the sources whence he has taken his information, aud, moreover, has produced a book which will be interesting to many, and enter- taining to more. Many of the traditions and adages relating to plants have a basis in fact, but this part of his subject Mr. Dyer has scarcely touched on. He quotes, for instance, only to mention that they have been severely ridiculed, these directions from Tusser : — " Sow Peas and Beans in the wane of the moon — Who soweth them sooner, he soweth too soon, That they with the planet may rest and rise, And flourish with bearing most plentiful-wise." Considering the increased radiation and conse- quent cooling of the surface temperature on bright moonlight nights it is evident that injury might be done to the tender seedlings peeping above ground at such a time and that their growth would almost certainly be checked, particularly as the njght hours are under favourable conditions the most propitious to plant growth. " Plenty of lady-birds, plenty of Hops," finds its justification in the circumstance that lady-birds or their larvae prey on flies which infest the Hop. Of course, some of the proverbs are mere topsy-turvy statements and invert the truth ; thus the conditions — thus referred to^ " Onion skin very thin Mild winter's coming in ; Onion's skin thick and tough. Coming winter's cold and rough "' — are, of course, the result of climatic and cultural conaitious during the season of growth, and can by 244 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febritabt 23, 1889. no possibility be taken as absolute indications as to what is to come, though as a matter of pure conjec- ture it is allowable to suppose that the same con- ditions, modified in degree according to the progress of the season, which induced the formation of a thin skin, will persist in the coming season. As a matter of fact we know that this modified persistence of climatal conditions does sometimes happen, but with much too great uncertainty to be depended upon. Be this as it may, it is interesting to see Orchid growers drawing their inferences from the thickness or thinness of the sheaths which cover the pseudo- bulbs, say of Cattleya citrina or Calanthes ; but as a mark of progress it is noticeable that Orchid growers look at matters in their natural and not in inverted sequence ! The proof sheets of the volume under notice have not been adequately revised, so that the names of plants and of botanists are sometimes misprinted, while the botanical details are not infrequently in- acccurate ; but in spite of these defects the book will form a useful addition to the library shelves, and serve to indicate to the reader and student where fuller and more complete information may be found. Home Correspondence. THE RIBSTON PIPPIN APPLE.— In the last issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle you make some mention of the original liibston Pippin, and state that it was grown from seed sown in 1787. There are two old letters in my possession written by members of the Goodriche family, which are to this effect: — "The Ribston Pippin came from Normandy about the beginning of the last century. My great-gi'andfather, Sir Henry Goodriche, had a friend who sent him over three Pippins in a letter, which, being sown, two came to nothing ; the present old tree at Ribston is the produce of the third of these Pippins, and has been transplanted to all parts." The other letter says : — " Sir Henry, father of the last Sir John, being at Rouen, in Normandy, he procured the Pip- pins of some fine-flavoured Apples, and sent them to Ribston. They were sown, and the produce in due time placed in the park. Out of the trees which were planted five proved . . . [illegible] ; the other two proved good Apples ; they are there }et — they were never grafted." The tradition is that the tree was raised about 1709, probably by Sir H. Goodriche, whose letter to Sir Hans Sloane you inserted last week. John Dent-Dent. I see in your remarks in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle that nothing is known with perfect exactness about the advent of the famous Apple at Ribston Hall, but the best credited story is that the seeds came from Rouen and ■were sown at Ribston in 1787. This date, I think, must be wrong, as my grandfather, John Roger, in p. 90 of the Fruit Cultivator, pub- lished by him in 1834. alludes to the Apple and says: — "Much has been written relative to the early history of this famous Apple, the substance of which is as follows ; — ' Hargi'ave, in his History of Knareshorough, speaks of the place as remarkable for the production of a delicious Apple called the Ribston Park Pippin, the original tree of which was raised in the year 1688 from the seed of a Pippin brought from France. The author saw the original tree in August, 1789 ; it was then bearing a fair croji of fruit, but the tree was evidently declining. About twenty years afterwards it was partly blown down, which hastened its final decay; and, probably, ere now it has entirely dis- appeared, but not without leaving a numerous progeny behind.' 'A son of the gardener at Ribston Hall of the name of Lowe, who raised the Apple, reported that his father sowed seeds of the Spice Apple, which produced three plants. These were planted in the park, and one of them proved to be the Apple in question. Lowe, the son, was after- wards foreman under the famous Launcelot Brown, at Hampton Court, and subsequently a nurseryman at Hampton Wick.' * From the circumstances alluded to by Hargrave, and reported by Lowe, jun., the author thinks it probable that the Spice Apple might have been carried from England to France, and from thence the fruit or seeds were received at Ribston Hall, and there sown. This supposition reconciles the different reports of Hargrave and Lowe, and also accounts for the apparent affinity of the two Apples." W, H. Rogers, Hed Lodge Nursery, Southampton. The reprodnction of the illustration of the original tree of this xt^ry famous Apple, even though the old tree was in a very dilapidated condition, is full of interest because of late there has been a renewed effort made to popu- larise Apples, and this grand old variety, now past its one hundredth year of existence, still stands in the very first rank of dessert Apples. As the seeds of the old tree were sown in 1787, we certainly were remiss in not remembering that the Ribston Pippin had attained to its centenary two years since. There is an impression abroad that the Ribston Apple owes some of its lack of robustness to old age, but this lack is only found in congenial soils, whilst in warm positions and in sweet deep soils the growth is robust enough. In that respect perhaps it is superior to its chief competitor for dessert honours— Cox's Orange Pippin, which is, as a rule, rather a moderate grower, presenting very divergent characteristics from that yet other rival for dessert fame — Blenheim Pippin. But although the Ribston Pippin does not lack robustness it is still yet a good cropper, and in that respect has to give place to the other two kinds named, and as the beautiful Orange Pippin, the well flavoured Margil, the late but deli- cious Cockle Pippin, and others of our best dessert Apples are all moderate growers. It does seem as if high-class quality in fruit and robust growth were not found in combination. Blenheim Pippin is the chief exception, but the fruits owe as much of the favour with which they are regarded to form, beauty, and softness of flesh as to flavour. There is no fear whatever that the Ribston Pippin will die out from exhaustion. It may do so a century or two hence, when we have better dessert varieties than the Rib- ston is, but till then it is bound to fill an important place in our gardens and fruit lists. A. D. RED-STEMMED AND WHITE-STEMMED CHINESE PRIMULAS ^In your issue of the HJth inst., in an article on plant colour, signed " A. D.," when writing on the subject of the Hardiness of the Red- stemmed versus White-stemmed Chinese Primula, occurs the following : — " As to hardiness, there is no difference between white, mauve or red, or crimson- flowered plants, the suggestion that red-stalked Chinese Primulas are less subject to damp than green-stalked kinds will not hold water." Now, in our experience, we find the contrary to be the case, and it has been our object for several years to get the hardiness, free-seeding, and free-growing properties of the red- stemmed varieties, as represented by Waltham White and Webb's Purity, with the quality of Lady Church- hill, Princess Louise, &c., and we have in a measure succeeded — we have found the red-stemmed varie- ties come np in our ash-walks under the stage by the thousand, and we have frequently transplanted thousands at a time, the seed having fallen from plants kept for seed. We grow at least twenty times the quantity of the finer kinds, such as The Queen, &c. and we have never found any come up in the walks. We find the red-skinned sorts produce twenty times more seed than any other sort we grow, and will stand a lower temperature, and succeed with much rougher treatment than any other kinds. The constitution so impressed us, that we have devoted a gi'eat amount of time and space with the object above stated. Pope if- Son, King's Norton Nurseries. PLANT COLOURS. — My friend, " A. D,," is not so exact as usual in his remarks on this subject at p. 211, where he infers that I stated that the red colour of Primula acaulis " emanates from the roots." I never said nor wrote anything about the "roots," but what I did say at p. 182 was, that "the red element is confined to the rootstock, and the bases of the petioles or flower-stems." I still adhere to my statement that red-stalked Chinese Primroses and red-stalked Celery are hardier than the pale green- stalked kinds. Kvery one knows that one of the most delicate of all Chinese Primroses is the old double white, easy to grow in nurseries where a specialty is made of it as a market plant, but soon dying out in most private gardens. Mr. R. Gilbert, of Burghley, introduced some far more robust and coloured double- flowered forms a few years ago. as " A. D." must well know. The Red Cabbage is stout and robust, no doubt ; but the largest variety known, VIA., the Hed Dutch is never so large or so heavy as is the green Drumhead or Cow Cabbage, from which it originated. That it is quite as hardy— possibly more so than the green-leaved type — I do not dispute " A. D." gets on to his own ground when he tells us that white-skinned Folates sonietiraes produce darker flowers than purple-skinned ones, and also that " the very deepest-coloured tubers are seldom associated with darker foliage than are white-tubered kinds." This is exactly what one would naturally expect, for if all the red or purple colour is confined to the tubers, of course they will be darker than the stems and blossoms. I wish your correspondent would give a little practical help to us all in this matter of colour distribution in the Potato, and this might be effected by preparing a list of fifty kinds, and show- ing in parallel columns the colours of their tubers, stems, and flowers. Double flowers of all kinds are not only reversions, but very often abortions to boot. It is so with Primroses and Thorns in which the .stamens wholly or in part lose their special sexual function, and revei-t to the state of barren-coloured leaves — a condition rare in Nature but easily brought about in the garden by extreme cultural conditions, starvation on one hand or overfeeding on the other. What I am particularl3' anxious to see is a list of vegetative or bud " sports" that are not wholly or in part reversions, and I hope " A. D." will give us such a list at an early date. If he will believe me, there is no question in the botany of to-day more difficult to decide definitely than what really was the " original form '" of any plant or animal now known to us. The original " Thorn tree," for example, was a very diflerent plant from the highly-developed Crataegus oxycantha of to-day. The point I tried to enforce in my paper on p. 182 was this: Given any species of plant having in its tissues the three elementary colours — yellow, blue, and red — and of most, if not all, plants, this is true, then the local or general distribution of these colours is altered, or may be altered by cultivation and seminal selection. No plant shows this better than the Potato, and if "A. D." will compile a list showing the colours of tubers, stems, and flowers, he will perceive how natural it is that some forms should have white flowers, the red colour being all localised or re- stricted in the tuber, and other purple flowers when the red colour is not so localised, but distributed through the stems, leaf-stalks, and flowers. As bearing on this point, take Narcissus papyraceus, the pure " paper white ' variety, tiie bulb-coats of which are by far the darkest in colour of any other Narcis- sus known to me. Plants in a wild state change but slowly, since their environment remains constant also, hence we but rarely meet with red varieties in the woods and hedges where our common yellow Primrose gi-ows wild. Even the cultivated plants of Egypt are said to be practically the same to-day as they were two or three thousand years ago, simply because the climatal conditions have remained con- stant. But in our gardens conditions are always changing; we are always desiring something else — something different. When we bring the Primrose into the garden we destroy its fixity of character by rich soil, by selection, by cross-fertilisation, and by removing it from competition with other vegetation, the struggle for existence. In a word, the plant becomes something like a kaleidoscope which we turn at will, and every turn, or generation from seed, gives us the primary elements or colours, but mixed in dirterent proportions. I hope, in conclusion, my good friend will tabulate for us a view of the colour as localised in Potatos. and also, if possible, give us a list of bud or branch sports that are not reversions. F. W. Burhidge. RAISING ALPINES, WHITE CROCUS IMPE- RATI, &C. — I have read with interest Mr. Jenkins' letter on raising alpines from seed. About this matter I have had instruction from M. Corre- von, 'of Geneva. There is just one point in which his practice differs from that of your present corre- spondent. He told me — aud he laid a good deal of emphasis upon it — that he found it best to sow the seed of alpine plants in the autumn, say in Novem- ber, the seed remaining dormant till the return o! spring. I have since followed this piece of advice with very good results, and think there is a point of difference here between the two methods which is worth noticing. There can be no doubt that alpine plants do better when raised as Mr. Jenkins pro- poses, than when they are torn from the mountain side. I meant to reply to one of your correspondents of last week to the effect that I possess the white form of Crocus Imperati, and its beliaviour does not differ at all from that of the type. We have now spring fairly begun in this pait of the world; or, at any rate, spring flowers are opening. Iris rcticu i ta ccerulea has been very pretty for some days. Gal: n- thus lutescens is in blossom, with several oti er species of Snowdrop. It is very distinct. If only some kind friend would tell me where I cnn get get Galanth^^g OCtObreasU I siiouW be greatly in- I'ebkdaky 'Jit, 1889.] THE GA1?DENEJ?S' CHBONICLE. 245 debted to him. I think I have most, if not nil, of the other sorts. fV. Eivhank, St. John's, Bydf. TENACITY OF LIFE IN PLANTS.— In connection with the subject of life in plants, referred to at p 117 Ganhncrs' Chronicle for Februiiry 9 last, I may perhaps be allowed to mention the fact of a large plant of Cereus senilis that was removed from the Succulent-house at Ke^v to the Temperate-house soon after its completion. If I remember rij^htly, in the course of its removal the plant got partially broken across about half-way up. After being planted out for some time it began to die from its base upwards, and was removed to Museum No. 3, then in course plant 3 inches high is 4.V inches diameter, and much resembles in appearance of habit an Astrophytum, except that instead of live angles, as that has, it has eight, and the colour is green instead o( white. The angles are sharper on the edges tlian melo-formis, and i-esemble the teeth of a saw ; in some instances the flower-stems remain on the plant, wliich give it the appearance as if covered with long blunt spines ; and another has not this ajjpendage — only one or two occasionally remaining on the plant, but as they very much difl'er when raised from seed, it is easily accounted for. The habit is the same in all of them — very dwarf, but with age the lower part gets very hard and brown in one of the plants, as the Echino- the distinctions are well understood, the only difti- culty being sometimes to distinguish between dark Violas and dark self Pansies when staged as cut flowers. We would advise any one who has any difKculty with regard to the dillerent classes to send for the catalogue of some of our principal Scotch florists who make specialties of Pansies and Violas, and they will there lind the dill'erent classes, as a rule, correctly catalogued. We no more expect to see show or fancy I'ansies staged for our prizes in London than we do in the Viola classes at the Scottish Pansy Society, where prizes for bunches of Violas have been offered for over a quarter of a century. We understand the botanical phase of the KlU. 45, — LOyiCFHA rHAGBANTIiSIMA ; FLOWERb WUriE. (sEE 1'. -Ufi.) Fig. 46, — lonicera siandishii: eloweks white, (see r. 236.) cf formaliou ; it was placed against the back wall, to which it was secured by wire bands. It gradually died upv.ards to the fracture, when the process of decay ceasf d, and the upper portion, which remained green, began to show signs of growth. Upon re- moving the top, which had by this time become quite detached, it was found to have formed roots which were growirg into the decayed part below. The top was then removed from the Museum, potted, and again placed in the Sncculent-house. John B. Jach- eon, Mtii^r/f'/', Ktw. EUPHORBIA SPECIES.— This is a very distinct teedling of the melo-formis style, differing very markedly from that variety. It is of the same green colour, with the small flowers and eight angles, but it is very flat growing compared with melo-formis. A cactus does. They weie raised many years ago from the original plant, wliich I sent to the Koyal Gardens, Kew, and which may still be there ; and if BO, I should think it is of very large size now. J.S. C. VIOLAS AT THE TEMPLE SHOW.— We observed " A. D.'s " note in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle, in reference to Violas at the Temple Show, and have pleasure incomplyingwith his request that the donors of the prizes would state what interpretation they put on the term " Violas.'" When we oft'ered tlie prizes to the Hon. Secretary we did not know whether there were to be classes for Pansies and Violas or not. We had in view the popularising of Violas as distinct from either show or fancy Pansies, and that more especially for cut flowers for table and other decora- tions. In Scotland, the home of good Pansy culture, matter thoroughly, but that has at present nothing to do with the subject. Dobbie ij- Co., Bothesay, Februurij 10. FILBERTS AND HARDY FRUIT PROSPECTS.— It may be somewhat early to form an opinion as to the hardy fruit prospects of the coming season, but judging from present appearances a fairly good guesa may be ventured on. In this neighbourhood no such a dearth of blossoms has been observed as at this time for very many years past on Filberts. And unless very good weather and timely favouring winds prevail at the right time to distribute the small moiety of pollen existing, so that it reach the female blossoms, there is no hope (here at leastl of even a fairly good crop of Filberts. More than this, the display of female blossoms is the'poorest I_have seen 246 THE GAUDENEifS' CHBONICLE. [^EBftuARy 23, 188i9. for some time. As regards Apples and Pears there appears to be a promise of bloom certainly, though it is not abundant, and so slowly do the bloom-buds develope that it is possible that many which I take to be bloom-buds may be wood-buds only. Cherries, as usual, promise well, and if the flowers are fewer in numbers than usual it may prove to be au advan- tage. Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines promise r.one too well, tlje wood upon the latter being greener than is its wont — a sign that it was not too well ripened. V/iUiam Earley. POTATO DISEASE.— Attention was called by some Germitn eNperimeutalists during the seasons of 18S7 and 1888 to what was described as a new form of Potato disease. This consisted of innu- merable small thread-like worms of a whitish colour, and ranging from an eightli to a ijuarter of an inch in length, which infested the inside of tlie tubers. The season of 1888 being partieulaily favourable to the development of Potato disease in all its forms, I certainly found large quantities of minute creatures of a similar character to what was described by the Germans in a great number of tubers which were more or less diseased. These small worms were generally to be found in the white portion of the diseased tubpr. But I think it may be doubted whether such injury from these creatures should be reckoned as the cause, or merely the concomitant, and an aggravation of the failing condition of the tubers. An important fact has, however, been brought under my notice during the month of Feb- ruary, 1889, by two independent persons who, in digging their garden land, turned some Potatos that had remained in the ground all the winter, and these were thickly infested by the worms above mentioned. And one of the men further re- marked that in a small heap of Potatos that he had accidentally left on the surface of the ground all winter he could have collected as many of these worms as would have half tilled an egg-cup. These facts decidedly show that the insects are very tenacious of life [and are fond of rotten Potatosj, and that Potatos left by accident in the ground during the winter should be removed and imme- diately destroyed, or injury to the succeeding crop may ensue. J. J. Willh. UNFORCED YAXLEY RHUBARB BROUGHT TO TABLE. — I had word brought in to-day that some of my own Khubarb might be gathered, enough for a tart or two. St. Valentine's Pay is generally about the time when I expect the tirst taste of this early spring delicacy. Accordingly I went out and super- intended the gathering of what made a good-sized basketful. A few particulars may interest your readei's. AVhen the stems were laid on the dresser they were found to measure from 2.} — oh inches long to the bottom of the leaf. The circumference was found to be from 2 — 3 inches round the thickest partoi the stems. After the little quantity had been prepared for the ovon by removal of tlie leaves, &c., I saw that in the scales it weighed 1 lb. 4 o/,. I should be glad to know if any unforced Rhubarb, grown this year in England, has anywhere been offered for sale. Interested persons may, by ap- pointment, see it growing in my garden any day but Sunday. If evidence corroborative of any of the above facts be desired, application (enclosing an addressed stamped envelope for a reply) should be made by post to Mr. Josiah Cobb, sen., or to Miss S. A. Collins, both living at Yaxley, "'. H. SnreU, Yoxlnj Vicarage, Suffolk, FchrKary lo, PHAL/ENOPSIS GROWING (p. 1^04).— There may be some reason in the remarks (.if 1'". Ashton on this subject, but at the same time he gives out a riddle and does not give the answer, lie soys it entirely depends upon the position (not aspect) in which the plants are placed, but he does not say what is the position requisite to secure succcfs, neither does he say in what position the plants were which were ^o fine as to call forth liis remarks ; but in supjiort of liis views that position is everything, lie states that an attempt was formerly made to grow the plants under notice in another bouse but without success, and hence they were removed to the house they nov/ occupy. If position is everj'thing, would not a change to the proper position in the house they formerly occupied have brought about the desired change ? — if not, the change to a more suitable house brought about the improvement. James O'Brien. MANURE FOR ASPARAGUS.— To those who wish to renovate 'their Asparagus-beds, and get an early supply of this favourite vegetable, 1 would recom- mend the following application of manure to be applied at once. The beds having been previously made up with stable-dung and a moderate layer of good mould, sow broadcast a manurial mixture composed of the following ingredients, which are the quantities necessary for one square yard : — 3 oz. nitrate of soda, 3 o/.. muriate of jjotash, 5 oz. superphosphate or basic slag (ground fine), and 1^1 lb. of common salt. Mix well together previous to sowing by putting through a quarter-inch mesh sieve, breaking any lumiis ; and after sowing lightly rake the surface. J.J, WUUs. APPLES NOT WELL KNOWN.— In turning over the pages of a list of fruits grown by Mr. C. B. Saun- ders, of St. Saviours, Jersey, the names of many varieties of Apples occur with which I am not familiar, and are, I suspect, but little grown in this country. They are A pi Panache-, a small dessert fruit, good from October to April ; Belle du Bois, very large and excellent; Belle du Havre, fine culi- nary variety : both these in season from November to March ; Calville St. Sauveur is also a large culi- nary Apple ; Dr. AVhite, a handsome fruit, but the use is not stated ; Elletson'a Prize, very handsome and large — November to January; Fairy, enid to be good for preserving (jelly), season, December — a small fruit, oblate in form; Grosse Caisse, a large yellow culinary fruit, in season October to Decem- ber ; Jacques Lebel, for tabje or kitchen, large and handsome — a late autumn variety ; Pippin Ham- mond's Jersey would seem to be a valuable table fruit, keeping from November to ]\Iay ; it is small, and the tree a weakly grower; Pippin Saunders Jersey is of medium size, a dessert fruit, keeping good from November to April ; Pippin INIollett's Betsy is a small fruit, said to resemble the Golden Pippin in shape: it keeps from December to February; Keinette Franche d'Espagne, a large oblong fruit, said to be one of the largtst of Apples, fit for deesert or cooking, and in season November to March ; Vermilion d'Espagne is a pretty table fruit, in use in August, and therefore valuable, more especially as the quality is given as good. Some of these Apples may be localised in the Channel Islands, and jtt'rhajis grow and fruit well there, but many of them being very late keepers, and therefore of much value, it would be well if some of the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle who may happen to be acquainted with them would furnish some essential data with regard to the sixe of the fruits, habit of growth, crop})ing capabilities, time of flowering, and adaptabilitv for cultivation in England and Ireland. X. y. Z. the damage caused about King's Lynn. Questions were raised as to the ice on the boughs having been wholly rime, and further details were requested on the subject. Hour of Mectinif. — As the Council now meet at 1 o'clock, it was proposed by Dr. Masters that the hour for the Scientific Committee should be 4 o'clock. As all the members present acquiesced, should the majority agree, that hour in iuture will be adopted. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. FEBRUATiY 12. — Present: Dr. M. T. Masters in the Chair; Messrs. McLachlan, O'Brien, Michael, Dr. MuUer. Professor Church, and Rev. G. Ilenslow, Hon. Sec. S/ii'Hiiiia Species. — Dr. Masters exhibited varieties of the well-kno^vn forms of Skimmia japonica, and observed that they were always diclinous, such as fragrans and oblata. But another specimen which he showed was invariably hermaphrodite, apparently self-fertile, and bore plenty of berries. The seed differed from the preceding in certain particulars, the foliage is darker in hue, the blade being nar- rower and more pointed. It has been supposed to be the original form introduced from Japan, but it does not agree with the typical S. japonica. It did not appear to be known as a distinct apecies, but Dr. Masters proposed making a further investigation into the matter. It was incidentally remarked that in the portrait of Dr. Lindley in the library he is represented as h(dding a branch bearing berries, which has always been presumed to be Skimmia. A closer inspection, however, proved it to be a Pose with heps. (ialanthus Ehocst, Dismt>cd Bidbsof.—Mv. Barr foj-- warded some bulbs which he had received from Devonshire, apparently in a decaying and dying condition. They were forwarded to Dr. Marshall Ward for examination and report. Artificial 3/a?;«r?.— A specimen was pent by Mr. G. Revens. Euston, Tlietford. It was forwarded to the Trials Committee at Chiswick. Hoar Fro,s( J)ama- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 ti- ... PoTATOS.— Beauty of Hebron, s. d, s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Cobs, 100 It. ...100 0-110 0 Orapea, per lb. ... 16-40 s. d. s, d. Lemons, per vauvi ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, ear-h 2 0-80 Strawberries, p'.TO/!. 1 0- ... s. d. s. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 V- ... Peas. French, per lb. 1 u- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0-50 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 — new French, lb. 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle Seakale, punnet Shallots, per lb. Spinach, per bushel.., Tomatos, per lb. Turnips, per bunch, new U 6- ... 2 6- ... 0 6- ... 4 0- ... 2 0- ... 0 5- ... Imperators, 70s. ; Mag num Bonums, 80s. ; and Dunbar Regents, 110s. per ton. Plants is Pots.— Aver a.ge Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozen s Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracsena terminalis, per dozen 30 — virldis, per doz.l2 Erica hyemalis, doz. 9 — caffra, dozen ... 6 Euonymua, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphylliuns. doz. ...18 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 d. s. d. 0-18 0 U-15 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 0-12 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-18 0 s.d. s.d. Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Ficus elastica. each . 16-70 Genista, dozen ... 9 0-18 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 0 Lily-of-Val.,do/.. pts.lS 0-30 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Poiusettias, dozen ... 8 0-12 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanums. dozen ... 6 0-12 0 Tulips, dozen pot^ ... 6 0-90 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Abutillons, 12bun.... 3 Anemone,Fr.,12buu. 2 ArumLilie3,12bloomB 3 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, 12 blms. 2 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Christmas Roses, 12 blooms 0 Chrysanthemums, 12 blooms 0 — dozen bunches... 2 Daffodils.dbl. 12bun. 9 — single, 12 bun. ...12 Euchans, per dozen 3 Gardenias. 12 blooms 15 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 1 Lapageria, 12 blooms 1 Lilac, white Fr., bun. 4 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 d. s, d. 0-6 0 U- 6 0 0-6 0 9-10 9-16 0-4 0 0-3 0 6- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-4 0 0-12 0 0-lS 0 0-6 0 O-30 0 6-10 0- 1 6 6-3 0 0-6 0 6-10 0-6 0 s. d. Mignonette. 12 bun. 2 0- Narcis., paper-white, (French), 12 bun... 2 0- — doubk-. 12bun .. 1 6- Pelargoniuma,12»pr. 1 0- — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6- Poinsettiaa. doz. ... 3 0- Priniroses, 12 bun..., 1 0- Primulaa. dbl., 12 ep. 1 0- Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 0- — coloured, dozen. 2 0- — red, per dozen ... 6 0- — Safrano, dozen... 2 0- Safrano (Fr.), doz, ... 1 0- Suowdrops. 12 bun... 1 0- Stephanotis, 12 spr, 12 0- Tuberoses, 12 blms.,.. 2 0 Tulips. 12 blooms ... 0 8- Violets, 12 bunches... 1 0- — dark, Fr., bunch 1 6 — Parme. Fr., bun. 4 0- Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 0- — French, 12 bun. 1 6 4 0 6 0 3 0 1 6 1 0 6 0 1 6 'l 6 6 0 4 0 9 0 4 0 3 0 3 0 15 0 4 0 - 1 0 - 1 6 2 6 ■ 5 0 . 6 0 2 0 SEEDS. London: Feb. 20. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-day's market devoid of any special feature either of interest or novelty. There is, however, a some- what better inquiry from the country. Red Clover seed is dearer in France, and German quotations for Alsike also come higher. In Trefoils the tendency is still upwards. White Clover seed unchanged. In Kye-grasses values are weak. Winter Tares meet with increasing favour. Konigsberg Vetches are prohibitive this season alike in price and quality. A big and sudden jump has occurred in Scarlet Runner Beans. Bird Millet is now unprecedentedly cheap. Peas and Haricots move oft' slowly on former terms. Not much doing in feeding Linseeil. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: Feb. 20.— Supplies still plentiful, and trade dull, the following being the quotations: — Savoys, 2s. to -is. iji. per tally ; Greens, Gs, to i)s."do.; Cauliflowers, lOc^. to Is. per dozen; Broccoli, Hd. to Is. do. ; Spinach, Is. ijd. to Tks. per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. (jd. per half-sieve ; Turnip-tops, L--. G"'. to 2s. Sd. per sack; Seakale, Is. 'M. per punnet ; Parsnips, Sd. to Ls per score of 22; Beetroots, Sf?. to Is. per dozen ; Parsley, 7^'. to 'Js. per dozen bunches; Turnips, I's, to '2--<. 6f/. do. ; Carrots, Is. GtZ. to 25 6d. do. ; Guernsey Radishes. bd. to Hd. do. ; forced Rhubarb, Is. \)d. to 2s. (W. do. ; Celery, 8s. to 14s. per dozen bundles ; Horse- radish, Is. to Is. l(/.per bundle ; English Onions, 6s. to Gs. Gd. per cwt.; Spanish do., 8s.*0'/. to 10s. per case ; Bnrdeaux do., ba. to Ti.s. iuf. do. ; Belgian do., 4s. to is. '.id. per bag; Dutch dn., .3.s'. 0'/. to 4s. do. ; pickling do., 5s, to Os. do. ; Carrots, 20s to 2f)S. per ton ; Mangels, IBs. to 18s' do. ; English Apples, ys. to Os. per bushel; do. Is. 6f^. to lis. 3d. per half-bushel; American do,, ^s.^Qd. to 15a, per barrel. POTATOS. BoHOUGH AND Spitalfields : Feb. lU. — Mode- rate supply upon offer, and a quiet demand. Re- gents, Scotch, 90s. to 120s.; English, 60s. to IOO5. ; Hebrons, 00s. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonums. 60s. to 100s. ; Scotch, do., 90s. to 120s.; other varieties, 60s. to 90s, per ton. Spitalfields: Feb. 20. — Quotations: — Magnums, 65s. to 75s. ; Imperators, 75s. to 855. ; Hebrons, 70s. to 75s.; Regents, 75s. to 105s.; Champions, 00s. to 6O5. per ton. Stratford : Feb. 19, — Quotations : — Scotch Mag- nums, 90s. to llOs. ; do., Regents, 85s. to 105s.; English Regents, 705, to 90s. ; do. Magnums, 60«. to 90s. per ton. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime old, 126:*. to 144s.; do., best second, S5s. to 120s. ; do., inferior, 'SQs. to 70s. ; prime old Hay, 108s. to 126s. ; best new, do., 90s. to 106s. ; inferior, 50s. to 70j\ ; old, straw, 425. to 48s. ; new, 28s. to 42s per load. Enquiries. • " He that questioneth much shall learn much.'" — Bacon. Shell Gravel. — Can any one tell me where to procure a little of the " white shell gravel," as it used to be called ? — though of course it is not gravel, but consists of crushed shell only. It is almost as white as snow, and used to be brought up the Thames in barges, and sold for walks, arbours, &c. The brown stutl', made of small cockles, &c., is use- less for my purpose. R. D. B. Streptosolex Jamesoni. — Will some one amongst your readers, who has practical knowledge of the plant and grown it successfully, kindly give informa- tion as to the management of Streptosolen Jame- soni ? I have had a plant nearly two years in a 6-inch pot, in a sunny greenhouse, temperature in winter 40^ to 45° Fahr. It has made good growth, but no flower. Should it be placed out-of-doors in full sun for a month or two in summer ? The branches have withered to the main stem, from which fresh shoots are now appearing. It looks perfectly healthy, I have occasionally given it a little weak guano- water. It gets plenty of air. Aiitatnir. [As Mr. Cannell showed this plant in line condition at South Kensington in 1884, perhaps he will oblige. Ed.] Notices to Correspondents. CvpRiPEDiuM UELLATLLUM 1 H. J. B. The accent on the pen-ultimate syllable. Fowls' Manure: D. ^f. H. It is of some value in plant growing, but before using it it should be dried in an open shed in a heap frequently turned over with a shovel, and before mi.xing it with the mould should be passed through a J -inch sieve. It may likewise be put into a sack and allowed to soak in water, and used for watering plants. To mix with soil, it may be used at the rate of 1 to 20. llELLKKOREy, SoiL FOR I H. H. Saudv loam, well enriched with manure, and a shady but open site. Hv-vuNTH BuMt : J. H. The bulb was a weakly one, and the root-development poor. The flower- spike was uninjured, and would have appeared shortly, but would not have been a strong one. There was no disease, but want of due develop- ment might be traced to the use of sea-sand, or some other deleterious ingredient, in the soil, Kai.anchoe cAitM-;.\: D. M. H. Of easy culture, and, being South African, it will grow in the green- house for nine months of the year, and stand out* of-doors in a sunny spot in July, and August. L.^\dscapeG.\kdenin(i, andBkitisii Pl.vnts : J. S, II. For the first, get E. Kirnp's Hinr /n La^ Out a Garden (Bradbury, Agnew, &: Co,, Bouverie Street, Fleet Stref't, London. E.C.) ; for the second, Bt-ntham and Hooker's British Flora (Keeve &Co., London). Le,\vi-:s of Orchids DiyriooHKD: W. G., Hiiddrrs- Jicld. The plant sent seems to indicate that it has been grown in an unsuitable atmosphere. The spots on the leaves may be from aphis puncture in the young state, or they may be caused hy con- Febbitaht 23, 1889.] THE GAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 249 densed moisture on the leaves owing to sudden fall of the temperature at night. If not provided already, small ventilators should be fitted to the bouse just above the ground-line, and beneath or on a level with the pipes, and freely used day and night. Very hard water might cause the stunted growth and bad and crippled root-growth. Had we such plants, we should turn them all out of their pots, wash the roots, pull oft' the loose decayed sheathing, wash in weak tobacco-water, and repot into well-drained pots with good fibry peat and living Sphagnum-moss, and afterwards water liberally with rain-water, but not syringe or water overhead. Give plenty of water, free venti- lation, and, when the sun gets strong, careful shade, and the plants will come round, for they are sound enough. Manetti Rose Stocks: H. H. Like cuttings of most deciduous plants of a hardy nature, these are better when made and put into the cutting-beds in October and November. M.\sDEVALLiAS Eaten bv Insects : P. W. Weevils — catch them at night with bait of slices of carrot. Use a buU's-eve lantern ; go quietly into the house ; turn on the light with suddenness, and look out for the marauders sharply, or they will drop on to the ground and secrete themselves. MrsK Rose : G. J. This is Rosa moschata, intro- 'Iticed into this country in 1596. Habitat, Persia, Xorth Africa, and Madiera. The semi-double musk-scented flowers are borne in clusters, and appear in July and August. It is well adapted for a wall. There are eight varieties in cultivation. Nine Sjiall Beds to Plant with Summer-bloom- iso Plants : Xew Subscriber. If vou do not obtain other bedding plants, or sow annuals, your Pelargoniums and Calceolarias will make but a very moderate display alone, and it would be more varied and interesting if you were to get in due season Haage's Dwarf Zinnia. Ten-week and East Lothian Stocks, Gaillardia Lorenzii, G. pictum, dwarf German Asters, also Truftaut's Paeony- flowered and Hedgehog Asters ; hardy annuals, such as Nemophila insignis. the dwarfest of Nasturtiums, Godetia Duchess of Albany (pure white), and G. Lady Albemarle (white and rose), Calliopsis tinc- toria, and others. Violas in variety should be got at once for edging some beds and mixing with the Pelargoniums, and tall annuals in others. We cannot give yon designs by which to plant the beds, but would recommend that in a few cases some intermingling of the plants be done, putting the tallest plants in the middle, dwarf plants between tall ones, and the very dwarf annuals and Violas at the outside of the beds — chiefly. Harmonies are more pleasing than contrasts in colour, and such discords as putting, for instance, purple Stocks amongst white flowers, &c., should be avoided. Do not crowd things together, but allow space between each for proper development. It you have a hotbed and a frame or two, the tender annuals may readily be raised from seeds sown in April, and hardy things in the open air in the same month and in May. Sow Asters and Stocks twice, a month apart, so as to have something wherewith to fill up blank spaces in late summer. Annuals may also be sown in June in pots for transplanting when wanted. Names of Plants: H. J. B., Florence. Narcissus etruscus of Parlatore. — E. W. G. 1, Quercus glabra ; 2, Crataegus crenulata (the Himalayan Pyracantha) ; 3, Hex Perado ; 4, I. dipyrena; 5, Euonymus pendulus, Wall. (E. fimbriatus, Hort. non Wall.) — G. C. 1, Piceapungens, green form ; 2, P. pungens glauca, the Parryana glauca of nur- serips ; 3, Abies cephalonica, or one of its varie- ties ; 4, appears to be a form of A. grandis ; 5, A. Junipems. — B. S. O. 1, abnormal flower of Oncidium excavatum ; 2, Odontoglossum pul- chellum majus ; 3, Iris fimbriata ; 4, Davallia buliata ; 5, Polypodium sporodocarpnm ; 6, speci- men insuflScient.— C. B. 6, Davallia (Microlepia) hirta cristata. — J. W. F. 1, Eucalyptus globulus ; 2, Aloe variegata; 3, Asplenium viviparum ; 4, Sisymbrium Sophia; 5, Festuca ovina glauca; 6, Aneimia (Anemidictyon) Phyllitidis. — J. S. S. 1. Dipfi'enbachia nobilis; 3, AcalyphaMacafeeana; the Egyptian seedlings, &c., must be sent when in flower. — B. B. R. Adiantum cuneatum grandi- ceps ; it is not new. — Cape Town. Nephrodium calcaratum of Hooker. J. G. B. — F. S. M. Speci- men too much decayed. Putty and Glazing : Oynega. Putty for garden use is better when not made so hard that it cannot be removed without breaking the glass. Take 10 lb. of powdered whiteningl lb. of white-lead ; mix with the necessary quantity of boiled linseed-oil and one wineglassful of sweet-oil. The glazing of greenhouse roofs and pit-lights is more effectually done by bedding in soft putty made as above described, and fixing the glass by means of brads, or small triangles of tin driven into the sash-bars. Thick red-lead paint, laid on with a brush, may take the place of the usual outer fillet of putty. Rules for Jddgino Plants, Prdits, &c. : Exhibitor. The book you mention has not as yet been pub- lished, at least so far as we are aware. Sea Sand . D. M. H. This is good enough for most pot plants if it be well washed in fresh water. Sand varies much in its constituents ; in some places it is composed mainly of shell fragments, and is of the nature of lime ; in others it is the detritus of sandstone rock, in others of limestone, basalt, &c. Used alone, as for propagating purposes, it is best when of sandstone rock, but it is rarely to be found sufficiently fine in its particles, and is there- fore not so good as silver sand for propagating uses. Tree P,^ony : Bwani7i< /or Caah. 250 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febeuabt 23, 1889. V Oarden and Flower Seeda. Spring Bulbs, &o. CG. VAN TUBE K GEN, Jun., • Haarlem, Holland. WHOLESAXE CATALOGUE now ready, and may be had free on application to Messrs. R. SILBERRAD and SON, 26, Savage Gardens, Crutched Friars, LoDdon, E.G. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 0 feet. Variegated, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3. 4, 6, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and tinely rooted. Many thousands, ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. The Best Present tor a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price bs., twst^free 5s. 6(i. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswiok. Palms. Foliage Plants. Heaths, &c. FRANCIS R. KINGHOIiN will be pleased to forward LIST of above with low prices. Leading decorative PAXMS in all sizea^ great quantities, and in tiiiest health. Richmond, Surrey; and 191 and 192, Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C. K(\f\ MADAME CROUSSE IVIES, autumn- fjyjyj struck, out of stores, 10s. per 100. or £2 the lot.; 300 RASPAIL, out of thumb^^, 12s. per 100; 300 QUEEN of the BELGIANS, out of thumbs, 14s. per 100; 500 Cactus CONSTANCE DAHLIAS, ground roots, 4s. per dozen, or ios. per 100. Open to an offer for the lot. C. JOHNSON AND CO., Tangiey Park Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Agricultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, free on rail. L. B. S. C. or S. E., £l 5s., other lines, £l ; 20 bags. 15s. ; 40. £1 8s. Bags included. Cash with order.— J. STEVENS and CO., Fibre Merchants, 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, Sic. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of tirst-cias3 quality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples. Price List and Testimonials. Depot for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAONUIM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Bingwood, Hants. Warren's Patent "Tf'CLIPSE FUMI GATOR." *-^ The only Apparatus in use for successfully Fumi- fating all kinds of Glass Structures. Thus saving the Plants. ;c.. from failures arising from the Hfated Apparatus having to be used inside, al«o the Health of the Operator. Unrivalled for Rose and Fruit Trees. The Tube is made in different lengths, and passed through any portion of the woodwork with an augur. A revolving zinc-plate to cover hole sent with each article, and directions for use. Supplied only by the Patentee, tCHARLES WARREN, Leigh, Chulmleigh, North Devon. Price, 1.^5. 6rf. each. RUSSELL JONES & PRICE. 14, Charter- house Street, E.G. XiiDiple Collection sent on receipt of Trade Card and two references. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 83. 6cl. per 100 feet 15 01. 12x10, 18x12. 18x14, 24x14, 14x12.20x12,18x16,24x16, 12s. per 100 feet 21 07,. ... 16x 12, 16X14, 20X 16, 24x 18, &0, Putty, 6s. 6rf. percwt. ; White Lead, genuine, 21s.; Our Speciality, 17s. 6t/. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre 20s, ; Oxford Ochre, 24s. ; Green, 16s. ; Black, 16s. per cwt. ; Varnish, from h^. 6rf. per gal. — Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 96, Bishopsgate Street Within. Loudon. R.C. To Nurserymen. Seed Mercbants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Aroh- • angel Mate lower than any other house in the trade ; also Pci^rsburg Mats and Mat Bags, RafBa Fibre. Tobacco Paper, Bnd Shading. Prices free. — 1 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.C. Belgian. BULLETIN d' ARBORICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MARAI- C'HERE. A monthly horticultural work, with supi'rb Coloured Plates and lllnitration.s. Published since 1865. by F. BiiRVE- NICH, F. PAVNArHT, E. RODIGAS. and H. .T. VAN H ULLE, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern- ment at Ghent. Post-paid, lOi. per amium. H. J. VAN HULLE, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. STANDEN'S ortitts MANURE Exceeds all others in general fertilising properties and staying poivers. It promotea a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture. The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its money value, in comparison with other manures, at least double ; and users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable and lasting results. Sold in Tins, 1/-, 2/6d, 6/6, and 10 6 each ; and in Kegs (free) at Reduced Prices, 28 lbs., 12/6; 56 lbs., 23/- ; 112 lbs., 42/- each. SOLE MANUFACTURERS : CORRY,SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN AND NURSERi'MEN. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Esliaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO., (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London. SILVER SAND ! ! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine) — best in the market. 20,000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32, Polygon, London, N.W. Established nearly 30 years. Telegrams — " AUoquy, London." Trade supplied. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons), 405. : 4-busheI bags. id. each. LIGHT BKOWN FIBROnS PEAT, 6s. id. per sack ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22i. ; Backs, id. each. COAKSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 16s. per half tou : 26s. per ton, iu 2-bushel bags, id. each. rELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. M. per sack. MANURES. G.UIDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. O. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately cilled 17a, Coal Yard), W.C. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE. Is superseding the use of other Insecticides. Used by nearly all the Leading Gardeners. 1 Gallon, 9s.; J Gallon, 5s. ; 1 Quart, 35. 6\\\ utli'-r niaimre, no matter what price. CHUBB'S " COMPOUND^ SOOT and^WAGE" MANURE, in bags. £2 per ton (bags included); sample 1 cwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage vnth other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash with order. Bankers, Union Bank of London. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WEST FERRY ROAD, MILWALL, LONDON. B. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, best quality, la. 3d. per sack; 10 sacks, 10s.; 20 for 18s.; 30 for 255.; sacks included; truck, containing more than two ton. 28s.. free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. ; 10 for 3os. Best Black Peat, 4s. Gd. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Mos'^, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. CJiarcoal, 2s. 6d. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6d. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3 per sack. Sacks and Bugs, Ad. each. Speciality Tobacco Paper, 10*^. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Finest Tobacco Cloth. lOrf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality. 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, lOs. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb.. 5s. 6d. ; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exclionge, Southwark Street. London. S.E. (near London Bridge). 1V"ATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest ll Manure for Garden use. NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lot3 under 10 cut.. 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag seut, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts J rom Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATH'E GUANO for POT^TOS. VEGETABLES. FBUIT, &o.— C. FlDLEB, Reading, used it for Potato^), and says:—*' I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite. Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-nite Manure for any trtiifsor kitchen ganlen crops, also prnss. In the 5 yearn during which I have freely vised it I have gained over 560 prizes." NATH'E GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS. &c. — \V. G. Bailey. Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Bahron, Koyal Horticultural Society, says;— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders 1o the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29. New Bridge Street, Biuckfriars. Loudon. E.G., wbere Pamphlets of Testimuiiials, &c., niiiy be obtained. Agents wanted. CANKEY'S " MARKET POT," or LONG O TOMS, the best " Garden Pot" for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3-in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3J-in. pot, thus saving half an inch in room for eacli pot. Five fiize.'*. 3 in., 3J in.. 4 in., 4| in., and 4^ in.; no rims, iietirly upright, an int-h tu Ik inchr-s deeper than U'*ual.VHry strong and mur± lighter in weigh t^ — the very pot ftir Market Growers ; great economyin room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingaom. RICHARD S.4N1\EY A>P SON, PulweU Potteries, Nottinpham. Febhuabt 23, 1889.] THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE. 251 HOTHOUSE BTTILDEBS and HOT -WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vlneiiea, Stoves, GreenliouBea. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., coiistruct4?a on our improved plan, are tho perfet.'tion of growiug houses, aud for practical utility, ecouomy, aud durability cauDOt be equalled. We only do one class of work, aU'l that THE YF.RY BEST. Conservatories and Winter Gardens desipiied architecturally correct without the 5us9i8tance of any one out of our firm, from the smalKvst to the l:irsf,Ht. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of tke Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — BIODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORE. THE BEST UATBBIALS. ,^-HJ^ 2£rT^J«.-^ -s,^^ -^ MESSENGER & CO. S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses. niustrationa of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest ranpe of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 28. poSt-free. A large nimiber of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH^ TKE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. 1889. Please send me " The Gabdbnbbs' Chboniclb " for . Mmiths, a>mmencmg_ _,for which 1 enclose P.O.O., S° Please Note that all Copies eent Direct tiom tUs Office must be paid for In advance. ^ THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, l^s. ; 6 Months, Is. 6d. ; 3 Month?. 3s. 9rf. ; PosMiee. FOREIGN SUBSCKIPTIONS (excepting India and Chinn) ;— Including Postage, ils.ed. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. fij Eeceipts for less than six months" subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. No. 42, P. 0. 0. to be made payable at the Post Office, DBTjaY LANE, London, to W. BICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND," G C, Feb. 23, 1889. BEESON'S M A N U R E.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s, 6rf., 55. 6il., and 10s. 6rf. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13.«. By all Seedsmen , or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Shtllield. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZAXEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., FarnhorouRli, Hants. pOLL CLOTH and CORD, for Fumigating. iV Well saturated with Tobicco Juice, 8d. per pound, Cash. Cloth. Or/. EstaUished 1834. JOSEPH BAKER, 14. Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, S.E. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 aRninst Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to a ounces to the gallon of Hoft- water; 4 to Itiounnes as winter dressinc for Vines and Orchard-hou.se Trees; and in lather from the caVe against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., und \0s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on ■wet ground. Boxes, tid. nnd Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. CONWAY G. WARNE (Successor to JOHN MATTHEWS), THE ROYAL POTTERIES, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. 21 Gold and Silver Medals for excellence in Garden Pots, 1 to 40 inches in di- ameter, are of s u p e r i o r quality, and do not turn green. Stron- gerand better shape than m a c li i n e made pots. A test of over 50 years has proved that Weston Pottery is the best. See Testi- monials. Note —The Largest Flower Pot Manufactury in the World. Present Stock over 7,000,000. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. P> IIALLIDAV AND CO. desire to draw 1 • special attention to their Ciiciiml>er Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the beat materials, and cau be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. f Carriage 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. \ and 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. ) cases 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( pre E. Larger sizes at proportionate pi-ices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders aud Eugiuccrs. Royal Horticulturai Works, Mlddleton, Mancheater. London Agent — Mr. H. Skeltok, Seedsman, &c., 2, Holloway Read. N. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. b^5t. cheapest, liglitept, ^tmiige^t. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, ohajw, and finisli ; enormous stxjcks. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty different & zes. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders ; half carriage on £5. RICHARD SANKEY and SON, Bulwell Potteries, Nottingham. 252 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febeuabt 23, 1889. WIRING FOR GARDEN WALLS. GALVANISED WIRE. 14 B.W.G., 2s. per 100 yards. GALVANISED EYES. I J in. from shoulder to eye, Id. per doz. TERMINALS, with Winders, 8s. perdozen. .. •, without Winders, 2s. 3d. per doz. Compl.^te Catiilogue of all kinds of Iron and Wire Fencing free. BAYLISS, JONES, & BAYLISS, WOLVERHAMPTON, And 1.39 and 141. CANNON STREET, LONDON, E.C. CANKEY'ri "MARKET POT," or LONG O TOMS, the best " Garden Pot " for Bedding Plants and Market Work. The 3 in. Market Pot holds as much soil as an ordinary 3jin. pot. thus saving half an inch in room for each pot. Five sizes, 3 in., 3J in.. 4 in.. 4j in., and 4j in.; no rims, nearly upright, an inch to 1^ in. deeper than usual, very strong and muchlighterin weight — thevery potior Market Growers; great eeonomv in room and weight. Largest Stock in United Kingdom. RICHARD SANKEY ASU SON, Eulwell Potteries, Nottingham. Greatly Reduced in Price. M SILVESTERS PATENT TRENTHAM BOILER Is the BEST. CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOMICAL BOILER EXTANT for all heating purposes, and is only supplied by the PATENTEE. All other kinds of BOILERS, PIPES. VALVES, HEATING and VENTILATING APPA- RATUS manufactured by F, SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. Full Particularg on application. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI UOMO," made of prepared hair and wcol : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROJECX YOUR ^LANTSi FRIG! DOMO'i REGISTERED ■ "^ ^ADE MARK! BrOR PRICE LIST & PARTICULARS ADDRESS- I ENJAMINUDGINGTON ^^j^Il^<^.S^ mJ^ London B/VDG£\ The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, STOVES, and HEITING APPARATUS. Hendreforqan Anthracite Smokeless Coal. Tne UNITED ANrHRACFTE COLLIERIES (Limited). Bupply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fistj delivered in truckloads to any Railway Station. This coal is ahsolutely smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of Fuel, burning for 12 hours, at least, withuut any supervision, and giving from 5 to 10 degrees more heat than Cuke. Quotations can be had on application to the Company's Offices, 23, Lime Street, London, E.G. AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. NO FEES for PKELIMINAKY ADVICE and INTORMATION. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. THE TRUE POSITION OF PATENTEES. By H. Moy Thomas. London : SIMPKIN and MARSHALL. Is. 9 and 10. SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, LONDON, W.C. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. SUND FOR PRICE LIST TO TUCKER, TOTTENHAM BOULTON&PAU! Horticultural Builders, ., NORWICH. THOMAS'S FITTINGS FOR WIRING WALLS No. 74.— THREE-aUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. They are ]3 inches high at front. 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged Ui turn over, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best 21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ ,. 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ „ t-'O „ by 6 „ 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ I&-2 15 0 Cash 4 7 6 Prices, Mt i ^ Carriage) " 'J ^ and 1 7 12 6 Packing 9 5 0 FREE. 10 17 6 CAKKIAGE is paid to any station in Enpland and Wiiles. to Dublin, Cork, Urrry. Glasguw, and Eilinlmrgli, or stall na equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. STOCK [■:<■;■ ¥\ 1 1 /-,\l Inches. 14X12 171 f 16X12 1 ■^,-1 18X12 i0xl2 ^ y ^ 16X14 m ^ ^ 18x14 ■my.u J M. i= straining Bolt and Holdfast.— No. 636. As illustrated above, price 3S. and 48. per dozen. Driving Eyes.— No. 631. Terminal Holdfasts.— No. 63J. Per doz. 2S. No. 6321 i. 6324. rj» — — J:*^"!^ 2s. 6d. 2 2} 3 3S inches. 3d., M., Bd., 7d. per doz. Best Galvanised Wire. 1/3, 1/6, 1/9 per 100 yards. Illustrated CATALOGUE on appacatton. J. J. THOMAS & CO.. 87, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. H 0 S. vT. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sixes, in boxes of 100 feet aii uf to hnyi-r-'Bizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sonnet m the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY!" Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FABMIIiOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour iMERcn^Nxs, 84. St. Jolin Street, West Smltlifleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle, RCHANGEL MATS, KA KFI A. — Russia Mats and liaffia at lower prices lliaii supplied by any other firm; aUo all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Caaea, and other Sundries at WhoIeM.le Prices to the Trade only. MARENDAZ and FISHEK, JamesStreet, Covent Garden, W.C. 4-in. Expansion .Toiiit Hot-\\atiT i'n ■ 4-iu. Socket lloL-water Pipes, \* 1 lUustrated revised J^icc List a 1 application, free. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BEST QirAUTV 0.\'Li'. Pit LinhUs. 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either 3 or 4 bars for 8 in. or 10 in. glass, 4s. 9d. each ; or. by the 100, 4s. 6rf. each. li X S Rafters. 7.^. per 100 feet. l\ X 2J ,. 6s. p«r 100 feet. All other mnterials at •qually low prioas. Free on Rail. Cash with Order. Send for Quotations. BICHABD TAYLOR, IIOKTICIILTITRAL WORKS. EDMONTON. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork. Riiffiu, Miit«, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, ace. Ch< ipest Prices of WATSON Aifp SCl^LL, W| Lower ThamnR Street, London, E.G. Febkcary 23, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 253 SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best, cheapest, lightest, strongest. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. Best colour, shape, and finish ; enormous stoika. SANKEY'S FAMOUS GARDEN POTS. No waiting; orders executed within one hour of letter or telegram. Thirty differeut sizes. Carriage aud breakage free ou £10 orders ; half carriage on £5. RICHARD SANKEY and SON. Bulwell Potterios. Nottingham. MATS, NETTING, TIFFANY, KAFFIA, Yellow Fibrous LOAM. Brown Fibrous PEAT. Coarse and Fiue SAND, &c. Gardeners. &c., will save '2b per cent, by sending for our LIST (post-free) before or.iering elsewhere. BRINKWORTH axd SONS. Reading. Garden Nettings, Hotnouse Shadings, Tiffany. GA K D E N N E 1 T I X G tf , llOTHU USE SHADINGS. TIFFANY. RIGBY. WAINWRIGHT and CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works. Manchester, COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Flori'^tfl. ''TANNED NETTING, :2 yards wide, T^rf. per J- yard; 10s. per 100 yards ; 25 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free, 4s. : 4 yards wide, 'M. per yard, 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1-inch me.sh. 1 yard wide. 2d. ; 3 yards wide, ai.; 4 ynrd-i wide, (}(/. per yard. COTTON NETTING, &4 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, 'd. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees. &c.). PILCHARD NETTINti, 12 yards wide, j-inch mesh, M. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road. Forest Gate. London. E. HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price \s. Gd. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station. Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or 10 gallons. jy A TY m r /I TiT Erery Cask bears the above C A U 1 I U JS , Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMI TH Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; 47, Dawson Street. Dublin. " 3?AT^EJVT ^5 Made in superior euithenware. 14 m. long.iij in. dcep.andSin. wide. Inside. 2} inches from the top, is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttinRs or seeds is placed, the lower half being filled with water, wSich is replenished ■ivhen required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price as. each ; glass shade for top. Is. 6i. extra Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. Garden Pots. I ~.°'^" '"■' unsurpassed by any in the Trade. ,. , , I I hey are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and -hape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List —THOS PA>able. — State wages to C. H. EATSCH. Florist, Bournemouth. WANT PLACES. BS. "WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to till the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF. FOREMAN, or JOURNEY- MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above wiU please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities wi 1 be made. — HoUoway, N. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAlllD AND SUNS can recommend with • every contidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small estiiblishments. and will be pleased to furnish full Particulars on application.— 17. Frederic^ Street, Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTEL and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23S, High Holborn, W.C. Scotcb Gardeners, Foresters, and Bailiffs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late tirm of Downie & Laird), has at present on his Register several very superior MEN whom he can recommend with every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par- ticulars given on application. — 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. ICH ARD SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that tbey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &,c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S O N S, lloyal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroieghlt/ practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER." ORCHIDS. — A man with first-class character and qualifications seeks re-engagement to take charge of a collection of orchid^, or that combined with other duties of a Garden.—H. BURBERRY, 6, c6te de I'Hospice, Mont St. Amande, Ghent, Belgium. G GARDENER (HEAD).~Bonu3 £5 will be X given to anyone who will be the means of Advertiser obtaining a good Head Gardener place not under £80 per annum. Prime of life. Highest references. — G. L,, 11, Crewe Street, Chester. ARDENER (Head); age 29.— T. H. Sykes wishes to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gi^n- tleman in want of a thoroughly reliable man, where four or more are kept. Church of England.— Cringle House, Cheadle, Cheshire. ARDENER (Head); age 33, no family. —The Hon. F. Wynn. can highly recommend M. Hart- well. Thoroughly practical in all brandies. Leaving through death of employer. Highest references anu testimonials. — M. HARTWELL, Glynllifon Park, Carnarvon. Orchid Grower. GARDENER (Head).— Age 40, married; skilful Orchid, Grape, and Pine Grower. Many years Head Gardener where every branch has been thoroughly carried out. Twenty years' references.— F. COX, 30j, George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married.— A Gentlkma:^ Riving up his garden wishes to highly recommend a thorough practical, trustworthy, energetic man. First-class Fruit. Vegetable, and Plant Grower. Twenty years' experience in good establishments. — G.WARRINGTON, 1, Cedar Cottages, Heme Hill, S.E. ARDENER (Head).— Sir Thomas Which- COTR, who is reducing his Gardening Establishment, wishes to recommend his Head Gardener ; he is thorouglily experienced in all branches of the profession, and has held his present poj-ition for twenty-eight years. — Aswarby Park, FolkiDghara, Lincolnshire. ARDENER (Head).— George Strudwick, for the past three years Foreman atGrimsthorpe Castle, ia open to engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man, as above. Thirteen years' experi- ence in all branches. First-class references. Thorough in- vestigation invited as to character and ability.— Upper Church Boad, Farncombe, Godalming. GARDENER (Head). — Age 30 ; fourteen years' practice in, and testimonials from, several of the leading places in the country.— G. E. H., 94, High Street, Bromley, Kent. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept. — Married, no family ; has a thorough knowledge of Gardening in all branches. Highest reference given. — W. THOMSON, ;J, Garden Cottage, Willow Place, Cambridge. GARDENER (Head),— In consequence of the death of Lady Parker, widow of Sir Henry Watson Parker, K.C.M.G., deceased, William Bowell is now seeking a re-engagement as above, having filled the appointment as Head Gardener to his late and lamented t^mployers for upwards of twenty years, where everything appertaining to Gardening was carried out in a thoroughly efficient manner, including Decorative Work, &c., and has a good knowledge of Cattle. Will be pleased to negotiate with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the same.— WILLIAM BOWELL, 2, Elm Villas, Richmond, Surrey. & ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30; thirteen years' experience in all branches of the pro- fession. Highest references as to character and ability. — G. H., 3, Oaklea Passage, Kingston-on-Thames. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 46, married; thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession ; also Land and Stock. Wife, Dairy and Poultry. — BAGG, Lima Cottage, Eastworth, Chertsey, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28, single ; thirteen years' experience, three years as Fore- man in present situation. — Mr. SMYTHE, Basing Park Gar- dens, Alton, Hants. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married; twenty-two years' practical experience in all branches. Twenty-one years' good character. Total abstainer. — HENRY DEE, Inchbrook, near Stroud, Gloucestershire. ARDENER (Head Working).- Married when suited ; sixteen years' experience in Vines, Pines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Early and Late Forcing, — G. McLEOD, 6, Glen Cottages, Holly Road, Hounslow. ARDENER (Head AVoeking).— Age 26; thoroughly understands the Management of a good Garden, Inside and Out. Four years' excellent character from last situation. Total abstainer. — Wife good Poultry Woman. G. WOODS. Fence Piece, Barkingside, Ilford. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31, single ; good experience in all branches. Good refer- ences. Last tive years at Waddesdon Gardens, Baron de Rothschild. M.P.— M. C, Gordon Villa, Goldsworth Road, Woking, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — .\ge:^8; excellent references. Thirteen years' experience. Well up in the general routine of Gar- dening. Married when suited. Abstainer. — P., b, Laura Place, Holland Park Road, Kensingto i, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married; thoroughly understands his business. Highest refer- ences as to character and abilities. Five years' in present situation. Abstaiuer. — G. GANGE, Bevere, Hampton, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Woeking). — Mr. Dixon, Gardener and Bailiff, Searles, Fletching, lT(.k- iield, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend his present Foreman, who has been well trained, and has a thorough knowledge of his work, ARDENER (Head AVorking). — Single ; Rc-engageraent desired in a situation where ability and integrity would be appreciated. Very successful under Glass. Excellent character. Town or country.- R. H., 1, Moore Park Road. Fulham Road. S.W. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two others are kept. — Age 46. married ; thirty years' experience. Understands Vines, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can have twenty years' good character from present employer.— GARDENER, Trafalgar, Salisbury. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept. — Age 39, married, two children ; over twenty years' thorough practical experience in all branches of the pro- fession in good establishments. Highest n ferences as to ability and character. — GILBERT, Brisworth Hall, Northamp- tonshire. GARDENER (Head Working); age 32, single at present.- ALBERT Fabry, Shendish. Hemel Hempsted, is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical Ganiener in nil branches. Fourteen years' experience in good establishments ; seven years' reference from present employer. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or four or more are kept; age ■ib. single. — Mrs. Leverne, Walcop, Shrewsbury, can highly recommend Win. Gray as above to any Nobleman. Lady, or Gentleman who may require a thorough practical man. Protestant. — Please state particulars to WM. GRAY as above. GARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 35, married, no family; twenty years' experience in Grapes, Peaches. Cucumbers. Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Eight years' reference from present situation.— W. GREAVES, Hill House, Ileld, Crawley, Sussex. ARIlKNER (Head Working), or FORE- MAN.— Ape 27, single; thirteen ye.'ira' experience. First-cla-ss reterenceg. Two four ye.ira' characters, — W. HAM MOND, Newton Hall, Dimmow, Essex. GARDENER (Head Wokking).— Age 36, married ; thorough good practical Gardener. Twenty years' experience in Grapes, Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse, Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Abstainer. Highly recommended. Please state full particulars of place.— GARDENER, 3, Albert Terrace, Castl.-Hill, Ealing, W. GARDENER.— No children. Wife could take charge of Lodge or otherwise. Good references. — A. C, 9, Taysaam Place. Baker Street, Enfield. GARDENER, or Nursery.— Age 30, single; thoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening, Four years' good character from previous employer. — T. T., 52, Castle Street, Coventry. GARDENER.— Age 40, married.— Thorough practical Manager of Glass and Gardens for profic. Good all round. Will be disengaged March 2. Excellent character. — E. C, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Good).— Age 41 ; understands his duties. Could manage Land, Stock, and Poultry. Wife good Laundress or Dairy.— JAMES CARLTON, High Brooms. Tunbridge Wells, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise. —Age 31, unmarried; experienced. Very excellent recommendation for trustworthiness and ability. — NOTMAN, Blairmont, Lugwardine, Hereford. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 27, married, one child; nine years' practical experience Inside and Out. Three years' good character, — C. T., 27a, Woodcote Place, West Norwood, S.E. G^ ARDENER (Single-handed or otherwise). I ^Age 24, single; three years in present situation. Good character. — G. CHEAL, Canon HmlgTiOn'a, Crawley Down, Sussex. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Good ac- quaintance with the Management of Orchids absolutely necessary. A small Garden, Conservatory, &c.,to be thoroughly attended to. Good wages to an efllcient man — Address by letter, B. D., Messrs. R. F, WHITE AND SON, 33, Fleet Street, London, E.G. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Skcond). — Age 2o, married, one child; understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenliou-se Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Three and a half years' good character and testimonials; abstainer. — FRANCIS, Blakehall Road, Wanstead. E. GARDENER (Single-handed or Second). Age 2(3; eight years' practical experience. Inside and Outi'ide. Good c}iaracters from present and previous em- ployers.— M., Conishead Priory, Ulverston, Lancashire. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Age 23, single; good references.— M. T., 31. Hay's Mews, Berkeley Square, W. a ARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept.— Thoroughly steady and industrious. Totnl abstainer. First-class references. — W., The Gardens, Mount Mascal, Bexley, Kent. ARDENER (Second). — Age 26, single; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. Excellent references. — J. Y., Park House, Avenue Road, Penge, S.E. GARDENER (Second).— Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Three aud a half years' good charactiT from present situation. Bothy preferred. — E. REFFOLD, Stone Park, Greenhithe, Kent. GARDENER (Second or Third), under a good Gardener, — Age 23; bothy not objected to. Six years' good character. — Mr. RIKON, Westwood, Great Horkes- ley, Colchester, Essex. ARDENER (Second), or ORCHID GROWER.— Age 27; well up in all brandies. Qood reterenoes.— A. BAXTER. Colesliill. Higlnvorth, Wilts. GARDENER (Second), where three or four nre kept, or UNDER FOREMAN in the Housea,— Ago 125, fcingle; good character, — A. S., I'utteuham, Guildford, Surrey. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN in tlie Houses. — Age 22; eight years' practical expe- rience. Two years' good character. Can have good testimo- nials.—F. MILLS, Brookthorpe, near Gloucester. ARDENER (Under, or Siocond) ; age 18. — Head Gardener wi^^hes to reconimontl W. Blood- WORTS as above. Two and a half years' In and Out of Houses. Abstainer. Good references. — 6, The Drive, Thornton Heath. (GARDENER (Under), under a good Gar- ^ ilcncr, — Age 2'l ; not afraid of work. Good cliaracter.^ T. IIRINKLOW, Horn Hill, Chsilfont Si. Peter's, Bucks. ARDENER (Under), in the House, or In- side and Out. — Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Good character.- WALTER HILL, Hawley, Farnboroiigh, Hants. ARDENER (Under); age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Laily or Gentleman who is in wunt of a thoroughly competent mim, they ciin be nccommodaled by nj>plying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghley Gardens, Stamford. GARDENER (Under), Inside, in a good establi.'thment.— Age 21 ; bothy jproforrod. Six years* experience. Good character. Total abstaiDer.— J. GREEN, The Gardens, Shenatone, Crayford, Kent. Febhuaby 23, 1889.] THE GAUDENEIiS' GHBONICLE. 255 GARDENER (Under).— Age 33; twelve years, InsiiJe and Out, in Private Gardens.! Total abstainer. Good references. Distance no object. — C. SUTTON, 9 A, Beech Road. Sovenoaks. AKDENKR (Undkr).— Age 21; can be \\en recomnieDdt'ti, WouM Milk Cow or atffiid to roultrv. — T. P.. Si. Midva Koiul, South Street. Wands- worth.'S.W. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; five years' experience Insi.de and Out. Good character from last and previous employers. — \V., -11, Archbishop's Place, Brixton Hill. S.W. ARDENER (Under). — C. J. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor Gardens. Beckenham, will bo glad to recommend Two young men who have lived with him two years, and are leaving for no fault. GARDENER (Under).— Age 26, married, no encumbrance. Total abstainer. Used to Nursery Work. Goo\ Eynsham Hall. Witney, Oxon, will be pleased to recommend E, Enter to any Gentleman or Gardener requir- ing a steady young man as above. Trade. ~ FOREMAN and GROWER.— Twelve years' experience amongst Vines, Peaches, Strawberries, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers. &c. Good references as to character and ability.— H. NOWELL. Brencbley, Kent. ROPAGATOR, WORKING FOREMAN, or GROWER.— Age 28; twelve years' experience. Can tnm out good stuff and large quantities. Bouvardias, Ferns, Primulas, Chrysanthemums. Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Sola- nums. Bulbs, Stove Plants, Cut Flowers, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Bedding Stuff. Best references.— LAMBERT, 47, Neville Road, Stoke Newisgton, N, PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Inside.— -■- Age 1*3; eiglit years' expi'rience in a Large Nursery with Hoses. Clematis, llhodo.leiidrons, Coniferos, &c.— A. LONGMAiM. King's Acre, ij.nr Hereford. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants for Market.— Age 27 ; fourteen years' experience.— T. P., Mr. Crease, Railway View, Clevedon, Someroet. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 30; sixteen years' experience in Market Nursery. — A. B., 77, Greenside Road. Shepherd's Bush. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Assistant) and GROWER. ■Well up in Palms and Ferns. Nine years' experience. —W. 'WRIGHT. U, Cedar Street, Kedleston Road, Derby. To Nurserymen. GROAVER, or ASSISTANT PROPAGATOR. — Six years' experience in tirst-class Midland Nurseries. Well up in Wreaths, Crosses. &c.— A., 31. Cedar Street, Derby. TOURNEYMAN, or PROPAGATOR tJ (Assistant).— Age 19; four years' experience in Orchids and Propagating Department. Excellent character. — H. COOPER, Barvius Parh, Potteis Bar. Herts. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Good references.- A, JAMES, The Gardens, Bryngwyn, Tram Inn, R.S.O. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the House.— Age 22; seven years" experience; good character.— A. SMITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish- ment.— Age 2:i ; good character from present and previous places. — R. WEBB, Brixworth Hall Gardens. Northampton. JOURNEYMAN (First),— Age 21 ; requires tJ a change. Having a good knowledge of Early and Late Grape-; and Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Ferns. — T. GHEA. Syn.aale Park. Faversliam. Kent. OUHNEYMAN, Indoors.— Age 19; bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. — Mr. WARD, Stoke Edith Gardens, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Can be recommended by J. Evans, Gardener to Lady Ashburton, Melchet Court, Rorasey, Hants. TOURNEYMANTlnside.— Age 20 ; two years fj in present place. First-cla&s references from previous and present employer.— H. JONES, Bryngwyn Gardens, Tram lun, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 2r; height 5 feet 5 inches. Can be strongly recommended by present employer. Six years' character. Abstainer.- S. H. COWPER-COLES. Estate Agent. Builth. JOURNEYMAN, under good Foreman ; age 22. — Advertiser can recommend young man as above. Strong and induatriou^. Seven years in present situation.— W, DUNCAN, Newton St. Cyres. Exeter. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; five years' experience Inside and Out. Good reference from present situation.- J. BOWYER, Fordefield.The Avenue, Cambridge. OURNEYMAN.— Age 20; well up to his work. Four and a half years' good character, Botliy preferred.— Apply, stating wages, to E. LACEY, Hayes Place Gardens, Hayes, Kent. OURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, where there is a Kitchen Garden.— Age 22; good reference. Nine years' experience. Bothy preferred.— R. BARFOOT, I. Lily Terrace, Warwick Road. Kensington, W. JOURNEYMAN, 7n the Houses.— Age 19; four and a half years' experience. Good character Bothy preferred.— W. BAKER, Weston Gardens, Shifnal Salop. ' JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Seven and fj a half years' experience; four and a half years in last place. Good character.— F. BENGOUGH, Harpton Lodge, Kington, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. — Age 23; nearly three years' good character. — G. O., Longwood Cottages. Kenley. JOURNEYMAN, Inside good Nursery.— Age 22 : competent in all branches. Good character. — G. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, WelUnRton Street Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers.— H. N., The Gardens, Lockerley Hall Romsey, Hants. ' OURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses.— Mr. TiLLYAKD, Gardener to the Earl of Yarborough, has great pleasure in recommending a young man as above. Eight years' good character.— The Gardens, Brocklesby, Ulceby, Lincolnshire. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18; four -*- years' experience. Good character.— H. C, The Gardens Writham Hall, Thettord, Norfolk. TMPROVER, Indoors and Out.— Three years' J- experience. Good character.— W. KENDALL, Gardener, Grinkle Park, Loftus-in-Cleveland, 1'orkshire. TMrROVER, in Market Garden.— Age 22; -t- three years' experience. Tall, strong. Gocd Latin scholar.— HOLTON, Exchange Walk, Nottiufiham. To Head Gardeners. TMPROVER, in liothy.— Age 18; total ab- -l stainer. Five years good character from J. SHEPHEARD, Gardener, Stradsett Hall, Downham Market. IMPROVER, under a good Gardener, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Establishment.- Age 18- ono year's experience. Good character. Small Premium offered —P. PITCHEK, Littleton Park Farm, Staines. T To Seedsmen. MPROVER. — A respectable young man X requires a situation as above. Five years' exnerience W. T. W., EDWARD RUSH, Seedsmen, Chester. ASSISTANT, Herbaceous Department pre- ferred.—Good references from Mr. T. S. Wakk, of Tottenham, where he has just terminated a term of four years' Apprenticeship.— C. H. RKA., 16, Cunningham Road, Totten- ham, London. Tj Nurserymen. KNIFEMAN, Outdoor.— Age 24; has had thorough practical experience as above. Eight and a half years' good character from present employer.— Reply stating wages and full particulars, GEORGE DOUGHTY, Downham, Norfolk. ''rO NURSERYMEN.—Situation wanted by X a young Man (age 2.5) in the Houses. Eleven years' ex- perience. Four and a half years' good character from present employer.— LEWIS and SON, Newtown Nurseries. Malvern. ''I'^O NURSERYMEN. — Young Man seeks X situation in Nursery. Well-up in Soft-wooded Hants, Ericas, &c. Eight years' practical experience. Good refer- ence.—W. S., 5, Station Road, Swanley Junction, Kent.| VOUNG MAN seeks situation Under Glass^ X —Had five years' experience in Market Nursery ; excel- lent references.— H. WELLER. 45, Queen Street, Ramsgate. Seed and Nursery Trade. MANAGER, or TRAVELLER; age 32.— Advertiser has a first-class connection, and has held similar situation. First-cass references. Sixteen years' ex- perience.—BUSINESS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41 Wel- lington Street, Strand. W.C. Q HOPMAN or MANAGER.— Age 26 ; well KJ up in Wreaths, Bouquets, Sprays. &c. Good knowledge of Seeds, Bulbs, Fruit, and Book-keeping. Has been Buyer five years Fir...t-class references. Total abstainer — W S 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. VJHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30 ; tho- O rough knowledge of Seed. Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East Grinstead, Sussex. SHOPMAN.— Age 27 ; good knowledge of Seed, Bulb, and Plant Trade, also Making Wreaths and Crosses. —A. B., Elcombe's Nursery and Seed Establishment, South- ampton. To Nurserymen and Florists. SALESMAN. — Age 26. — Good practical ex- perience in London and Paris leading Firms. Well up in Wreaths and Bouquets, Furnishing, Sec, Good testimonials. Good knowledge of French.— H. G., 1, Letterstone Road. Fulham, S.W. ENERAL CLERK, in Nursery or Seed Trade.— Advertiser (age 25) seeks situation as above. Firsfc-class references.- Stat« wages to F. WATKINS, Naviga- tion Road, Altrincham. CLERK^ Assistant BOOK-KEEPER, or General.- Age 26; a good knowledge of Counting- house duties. Good reference.— B. T., Gardeners' Chroiiicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. P^ lACKER. — "Wanted, a situation as above, X having had many years* experience in the Leading Nur- series, and a fair knowledge of the General Nursery Work. — W. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. SEED, or SEED and IMPLEMENTS.— Advertiser is open to re-engagement. Fourteen years in last situation. — A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TO FLORISTS. — Situation wanted by a young Lady. Three years" experience with Wreaths, Bou- quets. Buttonholes, &c. Indoors. Highest references. — liETA, 223, Uxbridge Road. W. HOLLOAVAY'S PILLS.— Weak Stomach.— Tlie wisest cannot enumerate one quarter of the dis- tressing symptoms arising from imperfect or disordered dieestion, all of which can be relieved by these admirable Pills. They remove cankery taste from the mouth, flatulency and constipation. Holloway'a Pills rouse the stomach, liver, and every other organ, thereby bringing digestion to that healthy tone which fully enables it to convert all we eat and drink to the nourishment of our bodies. Hence these Pills are the surest strengtheners and the safest restoratives in nervous- ness, wasting, and chronic debility. Holloway's Pills are infallible remedies for impaired appetite, eructations, and a multitude of other disagreeable symptoms which render the lives of thousands miserable indeed. These Pills are approved by all classes. 256 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Feiieuabt123, 1889. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR (889. The Winners of crcrif First Prize in all cases of competition, and then are the onhj Mowers in constant use at all the Uoyal Gardens and at the Itoyal Horticultural Society n Gardens, South Kcnmiyton. Patronised by— j. „j„ ~~, KoyaJ Horticultural Society's Show, Souti Kensington, London. HEB MOST GRACIOUS MA.IESTY THK QUEEN on many Decisions, ^& 5',SS^ ^^jfe June 3 to 7, 1881. The •• Journal o/ Horticnlture," oj June S, .«m/s.— HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALKS, t^^^^^^^S^^P^ "MoWINtf MACHINES.— AfUjr a critical examination tliu Silver Medal was THK KINO OF THE BELGIANS. rf^^^^^^^^^fe*= granteil to the old timi of world-wide fame. Messrs. T. Oreen & Son, of Leeds and The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUS3L4, "^^^^^^P^^S^^J!*" London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cher shed. And most of the Nobility, Clergv. and Gentrv of the United Kingdom. it is quite tinneceesary to give any description of them.' Upwards of 115,000 of these Macliines have been Sold since they were first introduced In the year 1856, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, lestifviuf^ to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and m all cases liavc carried off the Highest Pri;e that has been given. The foUowtng are their Advantages over all others:- l8t Simplicity ot Construction— every part being easily ax;ce33ible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater ea.se than any oth^r. 3rd. 'They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or DO noise in working. ' " '" " 6th. They wilFcut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. CREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER SINGLE-HANDED 'LA'WN MO'WEB. Price. To cut 6 in., can be worked by I £i ji^ n a Lady ... f do. do. 2 10 0 do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 do. by a man ... 4 10 0 do. do. ... ... 5 10 0 To cut 8 in. To cut 10 in To cut 12 in. To cut 14 in. DOUBLE-HANDED LA'WN MO'WER. To cut 16 inchea, can be -worked by one man i. £^ iq a on even lawn ... S To cut IS inches. do. man and boy... 7 10 0 To cut 20 inches do. do. ... 8 0 0 These Mowers are tlie " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme *To cut 22 inches, can be worked by-two men £8 10 0 •To cut 24 inches, do. do. ... 9 0 0 * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, SOg. extra. ' Of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. Prices of Donkey, Pony, nnd Horse Machines, including Piitent Self Delivery Box, or Side Delivery, with Crosa-stay complete, suitable for att.aching to Drdinnry Chai'-e Tr.ace^ or Gig Harness : — DONKEY and PONY To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inchea To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Booty for Pony MACHINES. £11 16 18 HOBSE To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inches Leather Boots for Horse MACHINES. 1 The 26 and 28 inches can easily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse; and as the Machine makes little noise in working, tlie most spirited animal can be employed without fear of it running away, or in any way damaging the machine. Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. CREEN'S PATENT "MULTUNI IN PARVO LAWN MOWER. Highly Recommvvnded for Small Lawns. in.£l 5 0 in. 1 13 0 8 in. 2 5 0 10 in. 3 0 0 GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size witli 1 wheel for Ordiiia'-y Courts, price 148. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. jira ill Bigot Marking Composition, 9rf. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports In England, Scotland, and Ireland. Size and Price, 7 inuhe-^ wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 168. Packing Case, 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, l>orders, flower-beds, &c., and do away with the tediou'- operation of cutting with shrars. i->;'' A very useful and serviceable Machine. KEDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Relds, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam. Length £ s. d. 16 in. by 17 in 2 5 0 20 in. by 22 in 3 5 0 24 in. by 26 in 4 10 0 30 in. by 32 in 7 10 0 Special ^notations maje for lloller^. 3 feet, 3.1 feet, and 4 feetDiameter, fitted with Shafts for one or tM o horses. CREEN'S PATENT STEAM ROAD ROLLERS Ai -upplicd to the Camberwell ^''est^v. mul following Cor|>or- ations, viz.; HuddprsliWd. Southport, -lu'IIiL-ld. Morley. 1-leet- wood Commissioners, Municipality of Tricsts, Calcutta, and other places. References if Reijuired. ■j-lit F.niptv : — 1. l.'ti.iis \> Ions. ■ Pur red. 'h 'i.-ci s can make selection out of The largest stock of Mowers ksptb'j an;/ nunuifiwturer ii to be found at our f^itdnn Kstablishment, .Sf'IiltfCi' M'OIifC.s, BLACKFUl .MiS RO ID, Severn/, lutndred Muchineft oj Hand, I'ony, ami J/orse Power, nnd have their Ordcra aitpplted the same dii;/ iis thci/ iin The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.li. —Those who have Lawn Mowers whiih r.'ijuire rfp;iiriiig should st'iid thi-m to i-ith-T our L.-cdt or London EytabliMhmi.-iit, wIhtc they will luiv^ prompt attrntion, as an ElHuiciit Stuff o( Workmi'n is krpt at botli places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS. AND H O KT I C U LT II U A L IMPLEMF-;NTS OE EVERY DESCRIPTION. WIRE NETTING, &c., &C. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kinf^dom. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Oflice, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden. L ndon, W.C. Printed by William Riohabds. at the Office of Me&srs. Bhadbury, Aonew. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriara, City of London, in the County of Middlci-ex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden, in the eaid County.— Satubday, February 23, lesfl. Agent for Manche^t' r— John Heywo<»d. Established i84i.H No. 114.-V0L. V. {s^ri} SATUEDAY, MAECH 2, 1889. /Regt. as a Newspaper. / PRICE 3C|« \WITH SUPPLEMKNT.\ Post-FreE, 3j(i. CONTENTS. Aberdeen Natural His- Ivies 265 tory Society 273 Kew notes 273 Alpine garden 271) .. trees 264 Apple Ribston Pippin ... 277 Kitchen garden 271 Arum, the white 277 Law- Bulb mite ?7S Sutherland V. Cadder Cnlceolaria. the 27rt Local Board 27S Cambridge Botanic Gar- Lily disease 278 den 2ti.S Linnean Society 272 Carnations, perpetual Low, Messrs. H. & Co.'s flowering •27o nursery 276 Cattleya Ballantinianax 264 Obituary— Cletbra arborea 37.S Vaizey, J. R 279 Cultural memoranda ... 270 Orchid-houses 270 Deodrobium Harreya- „ notes 266 Dum 2rt4 Orchids at Heaton 276 Dendrobiums 2M Pears in 188S, quality of 273 Emigration to America . 27.'1 Plant colour 276 English gardening, his- Plants and their culture . 270 tory o£ 263 Pyrethrums 274 Flower garden 270 Reserve food, use of 272 Flowers at the Drawiug Rhubarb, early 277 Room 273 Rosa fa?tida 277 Fruit marketing 266 Smut fungi 267 „ register 274 Snowdrop disease 27o Fruits under glass 271 Stocks for fruit trees ... 27H Gardeners' Orphan Fund 272 Streptosolea Jamesoui ... 278 Gardening appointments 2-6 Vegetable culture 26/ Ginkgo adiant folia 264 Vegetation, the nitrogen Hardy fruit garden 271 of 269 Herbaceous border 274 Weather 279 ILLUSTR ATION8. Ginkgo adiantifolia in th( Roys 1 Gardens. Kew 265 „ ,, germination of 269 Kew Ga rdens, view in. Supp lement.) Polyactis galanthina 27r) Snowdrop disease... 275 Advertisers are speciallj/ requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. E Y S T A L PALACE. ANNUAL SPKIXG EXHIBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS, SATURDAY. M.IRCH 23. Entries cl03e March 16. Schedules of Prizes for this and all the Exhibitions of Plants. Flowers, Fruit, &c., to be held during 18S9, sent post-free, on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Department, Crystal Palice. S.E. EOYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. FLORAL MEETINGS at the Town Hall, Manchester, on TUESDAYS, March 19, and April 30. GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION of 1889 opens at the Gardens on June 7. For particulars, apply to the undersigned. BRUCE FINDLAY, Royal Botanic Gardens, Manchester. R E S T O N and F U L W 0 O D HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ELE^'ENTH GREAT SPRING FLOWER SHOW and FLORAL FETE will be held in the Large Public Hall, Preston, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, March 20 and 21 next, -when over One Hundred Pounds -will be offered in Prizes. Schedules and all other information may be had from JOHN ATHEETON, Hon. Sec. Fern Bank. Cadley, Preston. N.B. — All entries must be sent on or before March 11. Important Notice. ICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. FIRST SPRING SHOW, MARCH 21 and 22, FIFTEENTH SUMMER SHOW, JUNE 28. Nearly all Open Classes. Large Prizes offered. Apply for Schedules to J. H. FORD, Hon Sec. 22, George Street, Bicbmond. R M STACK YS TUBERIFERA (The CHINESE ARTICHOKE). Price to the Trade on application to JAMES C.LRTER. DUNNET, Asu BEALE, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. AIDENHAIR F E R N. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames, OTICE, — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Heury Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- hara) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a counection amongst the beat Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- ni.-hed daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired, Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C, ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288. Flower Market, Covent Garden. London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Departmt^nt. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION. SIDCUP." RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSEof any quantity of Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60, Castle Street, Long Acre, W.C, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Reference : London and County Bank. TELEGRAPHIC Address— Adiantum, London. OOPER AND CO. (Limited), are in a position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for EUCHARIS. LILY of the VaLLKY, ROSES, ORCHIDS, ARUM LILIES, aud every description of Cut Flowers, Com- municate with Commission Department. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C. W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES. TOMATOS. and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing higbest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ARECHAL NIELS— MARECHAL NIELS. — Highest market prices guaranteed for really good Blooms of the above.— HENRY BIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, POINSETTIAS, in large or small quantities. Any variety. State lowest cash price. Apply by letter only to BETA, 77, Oxford Gardens. Notting Hill, N,W. ANTED, Broad-leaf PRIVET, 18 inche.s high. Price per 1000. P. MORGAN, Lawn Nursery, Shepherd's Bush Green, London, W, To Gardeners. WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, iu Mixture, by the 100, &c.; also Cactus Dahlia Bulbi, new kinds; new Chrysanthe- mums, rooted or not; named Show Pinks, Eucharis. Melon Seeds. Daphne indica, alba, and rubra ; Dactylis aurea ; Hardy Carpet Bedding Plants, Gloxinia Bulbs, Qreeohouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named Gold-laced Polyanthus, named Auri- culas, Tree Pseonies (offshoots). Send lowest Trade Cash in quantity to FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, "Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, .JERUSALEM AKTICHUjKLS and SHALLOTS. Sample and price to J. W. BARNHAM. Salesman, Covent Garden Market. W.C. R. CARL JENSEN, Skovdal, Harhus, Denmark, wishes to have forwarded Trade CATA- LOGUES and Wholesale Seed LIST, especially Novelties. s UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS, READING. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. —Now ready: price Is., post-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr, J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including mauy Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AJ^D SONS. Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. AXTON'S " OPEN AIR " TOMATO.— Proved by the Royal Horticultural Society to be the Earliest to Ripen in the Open Air, is also the Hardiest and Best Disease Resister. Very prolific, habit bhrubby, and fruit of good quality, shape, si/e, and colour. Order Seed in T. Laxton's sealed Is. ^d. packets only, to obtain the latest, selected, and reliable stock. Priced LIST of best Novelties in Seeds, Potatos, and Straw- berries free from T, LAXTON. Seed Grower, Bedford, ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free, JAMES CYPHER. Exotic Nurseries. Cheltenham, ''rREES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. X CATALOGUE free on application,— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, aud in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORX. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. c CHOICE GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. BOEMEB, Seed Grower, Quedlipburg, Germany. EEDS,— RiCHAKD .Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality ot the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. RCOLLYER, Cart House Lane Nursery, • Woking Station, Surrey, begs to offer to intending planters Common HOLLIES and English YEWS for hedges &c., 2 to 5 feet ; and many other TREES and SHRUBS. ' Fruit Trees. KC\ AAA PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard *J\J»,\J\J\f and Dwarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, all fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. (J TACH YS TUBREIFERA, the new Tuberous- O rooted Vegetable. Awarded First-class Certificate R. H. Society. Per 100 tubers. Is. 6rf. Free by Parcel-post. DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. CEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of O Conservatories, Greenhouses. Garden Frames, Propa- gators, post-tree, for 6 stamps, deducted from first order CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE, — This valuable Manure is made only by U8. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us, 1 cwt. and over carriage paid, London Agent — Mr, GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney WM. THOMSON AND SUNS. Clovenfords. Galashiels. N,B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags ; 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis, Zd. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9rf. ; 141b.. 4j,; 71b..2s.3s, perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s per doz; Bedding, choicest, Os. and 95. perdoz,; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz.; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and SOs. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 185. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers. Forest Hili, S.E. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest iu Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. To those about to Plant. A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, com- prising fine Transplanted Fruit Trees, Roses, Hardy Climbers, Rhododendrons, Conifers. Ornamental and Flower- ing Trees and Shrubs, Forest Trees, &c., in large varieties and quantities, adapted to all soils and climates. Sent free on application to GEO. JACKMAN and SON, Woking Nursery, Surrey. HE MARCHIONESS of AILSA'S Head Gardener says:— "CARTER'S GOLDEN GLOBE ONION is the best I have ever grown. I have many weighing 19 ounces." Price, in sealed packets. Is. and 2s. 6rf., post-free, from 2.37, High Holborn, London. BEGONIAS. — Taberous-rooted, of best quality, by the 100 or 1000. See the best Descriptive and Illustrated CATALOGUE pu'-lished. ASPARAGUS PLANTS, 2-yr. and 3-yr., in quantity. Good and cheap. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. HRYSANTHEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe. By far the best collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyneui and C. Orchard. Acknowledged in Europe and America as the best Descriptive Catalogue. Price 6rf. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Medals and 20 First-class Certificates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.- R. OWEN, F.N.C.S., Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. HRISTMAS ROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 12s. HEPATICA ANGULOSA, 3ff. per doz., Single Blue, 2s. ; Double Blue, 18s. ; Single Pink, 3s. ; Double Pink, 2s. ; Single White, 35. One flowering- plant of each free by post for 2s. ^d. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. "OSIAH H. BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf ; White Elephant Rivers' Royal do. i Early Rose Myatt's Prolific do. Magnum Bonum Mona's Pride Snowdrop Adirondack Village Blacksmith Beauty of Hebron Dalm^oy And other leading varieties. York Regent Scotch do. Imperator Bed Bog Early Schoolmaster Early Don Prices on application to York Street, Borough Market, S.E. The New Raspberry. T ORD BEACON SFIELD. X^ (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes £2 per 100; 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied; Cash with order". Cap- tain Strawberry Plants. 4s. per 100. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. ''piIE SECOND ELECTION ^ of FIVE CHILDREN to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of 5s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Kulo xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July 19 next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.C. All applications must be made on a proper printed Form, copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon, Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY, April 20. A. F. Babhon, Hon, Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, S.W. THE EARL of HARRINGTON'S Head Gardener says :— " CARTEK'S MODEL is the model ot what a good Cucumber should be." Price, in sealed packets, 2j. 6rf. and 35. Qd. per packet, post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London, W.C. Carriage Paid. DAHLIAS. — Sound Pot Roots are the best to buy. You get earlier and stronger flowering planW : — 12 Choice CACTUS DAHLIAS for Is., distinct. 12 Choice SINGLE DAHLIAS for 43., distinct. 12 Choice DOUBLE DAHLIAS tor 4s., distinct. 12 Choice POMPON DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. For Cash with order, carriage paid. CHARLES BURLEY, Nurseries, Brentwood. Barr's Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Roekwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY Cultivated plants Only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Corent Garden, W.C. To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed puritosea. The prices are unusually low this season, and may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. THE LADY CATHCART'S Head Gardener says:-" With CARTERS* HOLBORN MODEL LEEK alone I have gained Six First Prizes." Price Is. 6rf. and 2s, 6rf. per packet, post free, from 267. High Holborn, London. PRIMROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of Double Primrose, one flowering-plant of each for 8s. The common varieties of Double Lilac, Double White, and Double Yellow, 2j. per dozen. PRIMULAS. — 50 distinct varieties of Primula; one flowering-plant of each for '2bz. CATALOGUES free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS. Nurseries, Aberdeen. BIRMINGHAM PRIMULAS. — Exhibitors and judges know well that Birmingham Primulas have been for many years, and still are, far ahead the best known; and the varieties Marquis of Lome, Princess Louise, The Queen, Emperor, Lady R. Churchill, Pope's Blue, all raised by our foreman, Mr. Rose, are still the best known, and, where exhibited, win. No others have a chance. They have won every prize at Birmingham for many years, except where debarred from competition. Gentlemen, who have not seen a Birmingham Primula Show, we ahall be pleased to send a few blooms, on receipt of 3 stamps for box and postage. Mixed Packets of all the heat sorts, 5s. ; Ditto, small packet, 2s. 6d. ; or separate, if required, at 2s. Gd. to 5s. per packet, POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen, &c.. King's Norton Nurseries, Birmingham. ILIUM A U R A T U M.— THE GOLDEN-RAYED LILY OF .JAPAN can now be purchased in Cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, at 25s. per Case; sent Free to any Railway Station in England and Walea on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9d. Cases containing 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs 4j., 6s., 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. CASES OF ASSORTED LILIES, as received from the Japanese Bulb Farms, containing 60 fine Bulbs in 8 choice varieties, price 25s. per Case. All packing and carriage free. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON, W.C. OA nan larch, looo laurels. — ^yj^yjyjyj larch, 2 to 3 feet, good transplanted, 225 per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, 305. per 1000. LAURELS, Common, 4 to 5 feet, good bushy, 20s. per 100. The above is first-class stuff, and must be cleared. B. TUCKER, Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks, ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the leading kinds to H. DAMMAJfN, Jan., IreUau, Germany. 260 THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 2, 1889. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS. And you will pronounce them the Beat in thp Market, as none but genuine, good, new 3ea.'>on's seecia lire supplied, THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the moit complete und economical syatem of supplying ateds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGTJED o! Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; abo by ■weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO, The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. HEREFORDSHIRE FRUIT TREES. Unequalled for Vigorous, Hardy Growth. An immense Stock grown in every variety of form. Premier Prizes at all the leading Fruit Shows, including the CHAMPION PKIZE, at the Crystal Palace Great Autumn Show, 1838. Descriptive Priced Catalogues on application to JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. TC A DnCCCi ■*■ K™°'1 stock, in 5-in. pots, 125. & 18s. doz. I CH nUOLO \ A grand stock, in 7-in. pots, 24s. & 30s. doz. j Black Hamburgli and otlier varieties. PRADE UIUFC.^ Suitableforfruitinginpot9,10s.t)(f.each UflHrC iIIiLO i Suitable for planting vineries, 5s. and (, 7s. 6rf. each. Fr n y Q i A iine stock, in 5-inch pots, 12s. per dozen. L n n 0 ) A tine stock, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Catalogues on application, THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (John Cowan), LIMITED, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GAIiSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satis/action. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36s, per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. FENCES-WIYROBALANorCHERRY PLUM (PKUNUS MYK'IUALANA) ia the best stuff for mending old fences or making nt^w ones. Grows well on poorest soile. Shoote very hard and spiny. — Prices and lull particulars on application to EWING & CO., Havant, Hampshire. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limited). CHOICE HARDY FLOWERING PLANTS. special Cheap Offer for Clearance. All good strong stuff for blooming next summer. Packing and carriage free at prices quoted for each : — Per doz, CARNATIONS AND PIC0TEE3, fine seedlings t. d. from a splendid collection, will produce some grand flowers, per 100, 15s. ... ... 2 6 CANTERBURY BELLS, Dean'3 Hybrids, strong phmts, per 100, 10s. 6d. HOLLYHOCKS, Chaters superb strain, per 100, 25s., six for 2s. I5d PANSIES, strong seedlings from a grand strain of blotched flowers, sown last June„per 100,10s. 6rf. ,, Blue King, per 100, 10s. 6rf POLYANTHUS. Gold-lact=d, very fine, per 100. 15s. PHLOXES, herbaceous, established plants, in beau- tiful variety to name, per 100, 30s.; six for 2s. (id PYRETHRUMS. double- flowered, strong plants, in beautiful named sorts, per 100, iJOs.; six for 2s. 6(^ 1 6 4 6 STRAWBERKY PLANTS. Laxton'S Noble, the grand new early prolific (true) per 100, 25s 4 0 lOUO, in ten superb varieties, 35s. 100, in ten ,, „ 5s. 6rf. DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, NORWICH. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBBIDBEWORTH HERTS. FRUIT TREES. Special Culture, 80 Acres ; Stock QUITE UNEQAULLED. Write for Catalogues. INSPECTION INVITED. DICKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6j. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or W, per oake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBU3H akd SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries. N. SHIRLEY POPPY. Per Packet, Is. Post-free. Uuy direct from the Grower, my Seed having bpen selected from finest flowers only, as grown at my Shirley Nursery Price to the Trade on application, THOS, BUTCHER Seed Merchant, George St. Croydon. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of fin^-st named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an unusual sacrifice, growing on land sold to a speculator who is Cutting up the Estate. These plunU (under pressure to give poss-ssion) are offered at a loss of 50 to 75 pwr cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE. BagBhot. SEED POTATOS-SEED POTATOS. DUNBAR REGENTS . . . . 90s. per Ton. „ MAGNUMS .. .. 90«. „ „ IMPERATORS .. .. 90«. „ LINCOLNSHIRE MYATT'S PROLIFIC .. .. 80«. „ MAGNUM BONUMS . . . . 80s. „ BEAUTY OF HEBRONS . . 80s. EARLY ROSES. Apply to W. N. WHITE, Fruit and Potato Broker, COVENT GARDEN MARKET, LONDON, W.C. S^EAKALE FOR FORCING. WOOD & INGRAM Have a quantity of the above, in first-rate condition for im- mediate Forcing, which they beg to offer at 2s. per do/eii, 12$. per 100. Also tine 2-yr., for Planting, at 6s. per 100; 1-yr., 5s. per 100. THE NURSERIES, HUNTINGDON. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM for Coverts and Plantations. AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ALL SIZES. Very low quotations per 100 or 1000. GREEN HOLLIES for FEKCES. Sizes and prices per 100 or 1000. Oolden and SUver Queen, Handsworth and other Choice Hollies. &c. JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. ROSES J robustly grown, many thousands to select from. CATA- LOGUE on application. Nurseries, uHlSTlR. (Limited.^ DICKSONS, FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOtTB ACRES. APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, CHERRIKS, PEACHES. NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FKUIT TREES. w> Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, at. ed., ^s., 7.<. Sd.. 10.<. 6rf. Orchard House Trees in pots, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES, Stc. from 5s. FIGS from 3s. 6d. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of thu various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainiigc, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping, Treatment under Gloai ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flewh. Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season, Price, &c., free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS l.V GREAT VARIETY. ROSES, HARDY CLIMBERS, FliUIT THEES, FOSEST TSEES, .ft,-. A Large Stock. Quality and Price Unequalled. Descriptive Priced LIST on application. w. C. S L O C O C K, (Late G. & T. Watekkk), OOLDSWOEIH OLD NURSERY, WOKINO, SURREY. Makch 2, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 261 Now is a Good Time to Plant LAXTON'S NOBLE, A. F. BARRON, AND OTIIICR NFW STRAWBERRIES. WHICH UAVK PKi;X AWARPED Four First-class Certificates from the Roy. Ilort. Soc. Make the Highest Trices in Covent Garden, Have been supplied to 500 Trade & Market Growers, .Vnd Jlr. Geo. Monro, i^alesman, writes; — "You ought to grow 100 Acres of Noble." Dfscripih'e Pricrd Li^/s/ire on application to BEDFORD. THOMAS LAXTON, SEED GROWER, PRIMULA OBCONICA(cropl888) for Present Sowing, per packet. 6rf. and Is. Lsirge Tmde pnckets, 2.*. 6rf., ii.«.. Ili.t. 6rf.. and I'ls. each. Primrose. Old Double Crim son I'om pat lour : see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct.. 1888, Magnificent plants, 155, per dozen, Is.Gd. each. See Hartland's ■■ Year Pook " of Rare Seedsfor 1S89. PO!*t-free. \V. B,\YLOR HARTLAND. Seedsman and Florist. Cork. ARNATION "GLOIKE DE NANCY."— For the fourth season we are sending out our true stnin of this grand white Clove-scented C rnation, more rohust than the old red Clove, ami larger flowers. No conser- vatory or garden should be without it. For cut flowers it has no equal. Good rooted lavera. £1 per 100. 11.?. for 50, 6s. for 25. We have a fine stock 'of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultiralion. well s^t with flower-buds, from Is. to 20s. each, cash with order. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willeaden Junction. f'ORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the largest, best, most reliable and complete ever isssued on Florists' Flowers. It con-istsof 112 pages of closely-printed matter, with Prices and full descriptions o( all the newest and best Pansies, Violas, Phloxes, Peutstemoiis, Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks, D**lphinium9, Pyrethrum, Potentillas, Auriculas, Dahlijs, Pelargoniums, Fuchsi:w. Petunias, Begonias. Perennials. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Ffrns. &c., all of which are made a leading speciality and can con-Jequentlv be had better t 'an anywhere else. The CATALOGUE itself is a most useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering eUewhere. Free on application. JOHN FORBES. Buccleuch Nurseries, Hawi-k, Scotland. RAND TREES for AVENUES, &c^ cheap first-class p'ants for cash.— PICEA NORDMAN- UIANA. 3 feet, 18.?. doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, 21s. doz. : 4 to 5 fe^-t. 245. doz. ; 5 to ij feet, 27?. Gd. doz. Also SCOTCH FIR, 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per HiOO ; 3 to 4 feet, 2bs. per 1000. JOHN SCOXr. Royal Nurseries. Merriott. Somerset. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied, 5 feet, 6 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Violets.— Violets.-Violets. MARIE LOUISE and COMTE BRAZZA. Splendid Clumps to divide for Stock. Price. 20s. per lOO; cheaper by the KiOO. Cash with order. JOHN R08EKTS. The Gardens, Tan-y-BwlchR.S.O.. N. Wales. CHRA'SANTHEMUMS, in leading exhibition varieties ; NERINE, in twelve varieties ; TOMATO and MELON PLANTS. A, G. BOURNE, Sunnybank, Guernsey. A P E B U L B S . Just arrived in fine condition. CRINITMS. FREESIAS. VALLOTAS. NERINES. CALLAS. SATYRIUMS. NYMPH-EAS. DISAS. CAPE EVERLASTING FLOWERS. J. CKANMER. 27. Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, E.G. MAHOOD AND SON have to offer • LAURELS. LDIES, PLANES, Mountain ASH. Standard PEARS, Victoria PLUMS, DAMSONS. ALMONDS, POP- LARS, SWEET BAY, PRIVET, Feathered APPLES and PEARS, and various other small SHRUBS and CONIFERJE, at their Nurseries, Buckingham Estate. Hampton, Middlesex. Also, at their Putney Nurseries, several thousand good AUCUBAS. and a~quantity of Brown Turkey FIGS, strong well-rooted Plants in pots, from layers. 9s, 12s., and io*., per dozen. SEED P0TAT03 — Beauty of Hebron. Magnum Bonum, English Rose, Snowdrop, Schoolmaster, White Elephant. Price on application. OSES — ROSES — ROSES.— 50,000 extra strong Dwarf H.P.'s in all the leading kinds. 21s. per 100. £10 per 1000 ; Marechal Niel's. extra strong, 15s. per dozen ; Gloire de Dijon, extra strong. 63. per dozen ; William A. Richardson, extra strong. 12s. per dozen. A few good Standards (H.P.'?) to offer at 60s. per 100. Cash with order. CATALOGUES free on application. O. H. GORRINGE, Eoselands Nursery, and 75, Terminus Boad, Eastbourne. ASPARAGUS.— This delicious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. For direction Pee Illustrated Seed Li«t. free. Strong Roots, 2s. 6d. per 100.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester. SPECIAL O F K E H . O 600 LAURUSTINUS GLAUCA, 2^ to 3 feet, very bu>hy, well rooted. SOO Green HOLLIES, 2 feet, good plants. 500 Common LAURELS, 2^ to 4 feet. 6n0 CUPKESSUS LAWSONIANA. 2^ to 5 feefc. 150 ROSA RIIHOSA RUBRA. 2-vr. oUl. bushy. GEO. PRINCE, Rose Grower, Oxford. WJ GORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; T * • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES. Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 188S. LILIUM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs, Ad., Gd.. 9rf., I5., each; 1^05., 30s., 50s., 60s. ppr luO. Home-grown bulbs, 9d., Is., Is. 6d., 2s. each. Special Tnide quotation for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES, Silver Bmksiau Medal. ,. TREE PJEONIES. 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. Gladioli, Dahlias, Begonias, and SllsceUaneous Hardy Plants for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Special Spring CATALOGUE of the above for 1889, containing all the new Varieties, is now ready, and will, as u>ual, be sent post- free, on application to themselve.s or their Ag»-nts, Messrs. MEkTE-NS &CO.,3, CrossLane.St. Mary-atrHill, London. E.C. TREES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AMD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. f'^INEST OF ALL PETUNIAS.— Magnifi- cent new Dwarf Striped PETUNIA SEED. This is, without doubt, the finest strain possible to grow. The plants commence to bloom 3 inches high, and are most attractive ; scarcely two flowers are alike. Thousands are sold in Covent Garden Market, and acknowleiiged by all to be the best they have ever grown. Per packet. Is. and 2s. CHARLES BURLEY. Nurseries, Brentwood, Essex. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman. Richmond, Surrey. QUICK, stout, and abundantly rooted, trans- planted, 21s. per 1000; ditto, stro g, 27s. Gd. and 35s. per lOuO; ditto, extra strong, 4'ls. per 1000.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. POLYANTHUS.— Hardy's finest selected gold laced show flowers, btrong plants, 5s. per 100 ; 45s. per 1000. POLYANTHUS PRIMROSE.— " Hardv'S New Novelty," about 8 colours mixed, magnificent trusses, strong plants, 5s. per 100 ; 45s. per lOuO. PRIMROSE.— " Hardy's Novelty Hybrids, "about 30 beautiful colours, from pure white to dark crimson and maroon, strong plants, 6s. per 100 ; 45s. per 1000. VTOLA CONUTA, Queen of Blues, 5s. per 100; 45s. per 1000; White Virgin. 5s. per 100 ; 45s. per 1000. HOLLYHOCKS, finest double, mixed, 2s. doz., 15s. per 100. LILY, old English, pure white, fine bulbs. 2s.doz. I5s. per doz. CARNATION, choice Double (Border), large plants, splendid mixed colours. 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. CLOVE, fine old crimson, 2s. 6rf. per doz., I83. per 100. SINKINS PINK, Mrs. Sinkins, 15s. per 100. PYRETHRUM, double and single, named, 3s. doz., 20s. per 100. Packing free. Extra Plants for Carriage. Cash. H. I. HARDY, F.R.H.S., Stour Valley Nurseries, Bures, Suffolk. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should »nd for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.- RICHARD SMITH ^D CO., NuTserymea and Secwl Mei'ohants, Worcbster. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. Also collection.s of same in 13. 18, and 24 sorts. List of Names iree by post, on application. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. ANTHONY WATERER INVITKS AN INSPECTION' PROM INTENDING- PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stotit straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted withm ico r/eitrs : — ACACIA BESSONIANA. la to 14 teet ; A. SEMPERFLO- RENS. 12 to 14 teet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 feet: A. DASYCARPUM WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 ff.t; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Stanrliinls, 8 to 10 feet ; A, LEO- POLDII. 12 to 14 feet; A. REITENHACHII. 12 to 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERII. 12 to 16 teet; A. WOKLEVII. Standards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH. Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BIKCH. Silver. 12 to 16 feet. CHESTNUT. Horse. 14 to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Searlet, 12 to 16 f'-et; Siianish, 12 feet. ELMS. English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIMES, 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAE, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK. English. 10 toHfeet; Searlet American, 12 tol4feet; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. PUPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety). 12 to 16 teet; SYCAMORE. Common. 14 to ]6 feet ; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Doub'e Scarlet. 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common. 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH. Y'oung's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards. 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping. Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENBULA, Standards. 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of fittest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Bail or Parcel Poat. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST FBEK ON APPLICATION. (Limited) The Royal Nurseries Sc Seed Establishments, Clrxesteic*. Dicksons, Chester. addbeb8 for Letters & Telegrams; SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAKEFULLY SELECTED, AXD FROM TTHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVKR YET ATTAIXED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Contaming Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NUBSERYMEN, WORCESTER. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This ia a eport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure whit© skin. It is one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A ■ure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Qrowor, Pomgnft Farm, Witblnc- top, Hereford. 262 THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. [M AKCH 2, 1889. ECONOMY JJHE GARDEN. SEEDS. SEEDS. SEEDS. A SAVING of 15 to 20 per Cent, may be effected by Purchasing your Season's Supply at " Stores" Pric&s." BARNES' GREAT EASTERN COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, f-- 63/- 42/- 30/- 21/- 10/6- 7/6- 5/- 2/6- 1/2-. Package aod Carriage Free for Cash ivith Order. The "Guinea" Collection COMTAINS— 12 pints Peas 4 ,. Beana, Broad IJ „ Beans, French 1 „ Beans, Runner 1 packet Beet ,, Borecole 1 ,, Brussels Sprouts 3 „ Broccoli 3 ,, Cabbage 1 ,, Savoy 3 ounces Carrot 3 packets Cauliflower 2 „ Celery 1 ,, Couve Tronchuda 4 ounces Cress, Plain J packet Cress, Aubtralian 2 packets Cucumber 1 ,, Endive 1 „ Gourd 1 ,, Leek 3 ,, Lettuce 4 ounces Mustard 1 packet Melon 3 ounces Onion 1 packet Parsley 2 ounces Parsnip 4 ,, Radish 3 ,, Spinach 3 „ Turnip 1 packet Vegetable Marrow 4 ,, Herbs I ,, Tomato 1 ,, Capsicum Any sorts not required can be omitted, and others to value may be selected. PRICED CATALOGUES GRATIS. J. E. BAENES <16 years Managing- Assistant at Messrs. Daniels'), "WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEEDSMAN, THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. SUTTON'S NEW FLOWERS. oUNrLUVTtni Sutton's Primrose Perfection. Quite a new colour in Sunflowers. The flowers are large and numerous, with narrow petals of a bright primrose colour, contrasting admirably %vith the bold black centre. Per Packet. 2s. 6d., post-free. NASTURTIUM, ^^**°^\h?orrr ^ The darkest of all the Nasturtiums; it romes very true, and is a great improvement on the old variety. Per Packet, la., post-free. uANUY I Ur I . Sutton's improved Tom Thumb. A carefully selected strain, more even in habit tli;in the ordinary variety, and producing much Uirf^er pure white flowers. Per Packet, is., post-free. V t K b L N A} Sutton's Dwarf Perfection. Mixed. Valuable for small gardens and as an edging to large beds. The plants are compact in h;ibit, yet they are very free-flowering ami the colours as bright and diversified as in the spreading class. Per Packet, is. 6d., post-free. POPPY. The Shlile^^ An exceptionally lovely form of Poppy. The tints range through all shades of delicate rose, pink, car- mine, and brilliant crimson ; some of the paler colours are eilged with white, and the petals possess a glossy silk-like texture, of exquisite softnei^and purity, with a finely undulated surface, which makes the flowers literally ripple with colour under the slightest movement. Per Packet. Is., post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROMSUTTONSSONS,READING. Orders value 20s. Carriage Free. VEITCH'S NEW CAULIFLOWERS Are most desirable acquisitions, and should be grown in all gardens. VEITCH'S EXTRA EARLY FORCING CAULIFLOWER. i'irst-clats Certificate Royal Horticultural Society. Of dwarf compact habit, beautifully white and close, medium-sized heads. Per packet, 2b. 6d. " The best forcing Caulifloxver it Veitch's Extra Early Forcing. It is not large, but it is very close and white, and turns m quickly" — The Garden. VEITCH'S PEARL CAULIFLOWER, The best Main Crop variety. Pure white heads of medium size and finest quality. Per packet, is. 6d. "Veitch's Pearl Cauliflower.— -^/ne second car/y useful variety. J7te heads are exceedingly firm, very com- pact, and pure white. It is a splendid Cauliflower for the table," — J. MuiR, "Journal of Horticulture. "March 8, 188.3. VEITCH'S AUTUMN GIANT CAULIFLOWER. The grandest variety in Cultivation. Magnificent, large, pure white heads, of splendid quality ; indispensable in all gardens for autumn use. Per ounce, 2s. ^° For full descriptions of the above and other Choice Novelties, see SEED CATALOGUE for \%m, forwarded Pott-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, 8.W. JtARcn 2, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 263 WEBBS'SEEDS WEBBS' GOLD-STRIPED FRENCH MARIGOLD. Price Is. per Packet, post-free. From Mr. W. MoBBIS, Gardener to Captain Evelegh, Newport. Isle of Wight : — " Your Gold-striped Freuch Marigold is splendid. I never saw such rich colours in any varietv before." WEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE, Beautifully Illustrated ; post-free, Is., gratis to Customers. ABRIDGED EDITION, Gratis and post-free. WEBBSSONS^WflROSLiOTlURBRlDGE ''pHE EARL of MOUNT EDGCUMBE'S -1- Head Gardener says : — " J have grown twenty-eight varie- ties of Tomatos. and I say CARTER'S DEDHAM FAVOURITE is superior to them all." Price, in sealed packets, Is. 6d. and 2s. id., post-free, from 237, High Holborn, London. TREES, FLOWERS. AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best KOSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best SEEDS, BULBS, &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best FEUIT TREES and GRAPE VINES PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best E"\-ERGREENS, Park and Roadside TREES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best CA^IELLIAS, AZALEAS, LAPAGEEIAS, &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, clote to the Waltham Crosa Station, Great Eastern Railway (half an hour from London.) INSPECTION INVITED. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues free. Goods Packed by experienced hands for all parts of the Worfd, Observe the Christian name. WM. PAUL & SON, Bose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, Plant, Bidh, and Seed Merchants. 0 R EK (BKlilSTKBED.) FOR GREENHOUSES, SKYLIGHTS, WINDOWS, &c. ''PHIS NEW SHADING -L ig in the form of a white powder, and is prepared tor use by applying boiling water to the compound, and allow- ing it to cool, when it can be applied by means of a brush. It dries instantaneously, and can be rubbed off easily when moist. Sold in 1 lb. Paclcets. with directions for use, price Is. each ; 1 lb. free by parcels post, is. 4id. ; 2 lb. free by parcels post, 2s. 6d. It is a great improvement on anything hitherto offered, and lasts the whole eeason. B- S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. TRADE MARK. e s SELECT GARDEN SEEDS SELECT FLOWER SEEDS SELECT FARM SEEDS. SELECT SEED POTATOS./'S 3 f. Care/uUt/ grmcn from stock of the highest character and tested for germination. GARDEN SUNDRIES, GARDEN TOOLS. Every Eequlslte for the Farm, Flower, or Kitchen Garden. ILLU3TBATED DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUES GaATIS A>1J POST-FBEE. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Farmers and Merchants, SLEAFORD. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR Of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free S^d. W. niCUARDS, 41, Wellitjffton Street, Strana, London, W.C. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. KIOHAKDS. 41, WellinKton Street. Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, MAJRCH 2, 1889. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENING. A LTHOUGII Sti-abo mentions — Geographia, -^^ lib. iii. — that the ancient Britons who lived in the southern portions of this island possessed gardens, and cultivated a few plants in them, it is clear that the first rudi- ments of horticultural science must have been introduced into this country by the Romans. At the zenith of their rule they cultivated almost all the commoner plants now under cultivation in Europe, and it can scarcely be doubted that, during the period of their dominion in this country — a period extending over 400 years — they would not but have intro- duced many of the choicer, as well as the com- moner, fruits and vegetables then cultivated in Italy. That they did so, in fact, is proved by the writings of classical authors. Pliny tells us that the Cherry, then a precious fruit, which had only just been introduced into Italy, had been acclimatised in England before the year 42 a.d., and Tacitus remarks that our climate was so favourable to the cultivation of fruits and vege- tables that it was suited to all, except the Olive and the Vine. Even this latter plant, we find, soon after the time of Tacitu.s, thoroughly acclimatised, and very generally grown by the Romans in Britain. But whatever may have been the amount of horticultural knowledge diffused in England during the Roman occupa- tion, there can be no reasonable doubt that much of it wassoon lost during the anarchy and devasta- tion which succeeded the immediate period of their dominion. Nature would, however, in a great measure provide against the entire destruction of the trees and plants which they had imported and acclimatised, but the science of gardening woula gradually be forgotten. Indeed, it appears that it was not resuscitated in any part of Europe until the revival of religious learning in the seventh century. With that revival came also its first fruits, the erection of churches and monasteries in places where never yet had been 264 THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. IMascr 2, 1889. heard the footsteps of those who had brought glad tidings. Besides the manifest value of these monasteries as centres of study and literary work, they also served as places where the monks could store grain, grow fruits, and cultivate flowers with little risk of injury from wars, the soldiers always having respect for sacred pro- perty. Each monastery, as a rule, possessed three gardens — the hcrbulan's, or physic garden ; the horfus, or kitchen garden ; and the pomerium or orchard. To these the larger esta- blishments generally added a vineyard. Each garden had its particular " keeper," who, with several under-gardeners, had to " work and delve in the gardens from morning until vespers."* Indeed, when we consider that many of the monks had to abstain from meat and all animal food for at least five days in the week, and live on nothing bat bread, fruit, and vegetables, we can hardly be surprised that the orchard and kitchen garden should have been the principal objects of their domestic economy. In some oases, however, when the rules of the monastery were unusually severe,t only meal, salt. Figs, Apples, and stale beer being allowed, the physic garden absorbed the greater portion of the attention of the monks. In the eighth, ninth, and tenth centuries the gardens belonging to the monasteries were probably the only ones which were to be found in England ; but as the country became more and more settled in its government, horticulture began to revive with the other arts of peace, and by the time of the Norman inva- sion gardens were not merely the ordinary appendage of every Anglo-Saxon noble's man- sion, but even the small landowners and villans possessed them. As the present writer has before shown in the columns of this paper,}: vineyards were common in England at the time of the Norman Conquest, no fewer than thirty-eight being mentioned in the Domesday Book. The word joomenam (orchard) occurs but once in the survey, but this is suf- ficient to show that our ancestors of the eleventh century had orchards. § The words horti and hortuli " gardens " frequently occur in the same book. At Barnstaple was situated a garden rented at iij. pence per annum. || At Warwick, it is said, that there were one hundred bordarii who owned hortuli, " little gardens," which were rented at vjd. a year eaoh.H Even gardens for the growth of vegetables to supply the public demand seem to have been in existence. One such is recorded at Fulham and was rented by eight cotarii." As to what these gardens were like— as to the method by which they were laid out, &c. — it must be admitted that we know little or nothing. The ordinary names for a garden in Anglo-Saxon are " wyrt-tun" and " wyrt-geard," a " plant inolo- sure," and a " plant yard," names which are entirely indefinite, for the word " wyrt " was employed for all plants whatever, both vegetable and ornamental. " Wyrt-geard " was also some- times written "ort-geard," or "oro-geard," and it is from this compound that we have derived the modern word orchard. The plants cultivated in these old gardens we know were comparatively numerous. Prone,indeed, as we are to consider the Anglo-Saxons nothing but feeders on swine, they were, however, able to " Ashm. M3., 1619, £. 37a. t Aa was the ca»e with the Franciscan order. I Vol. iv., 1888. p. 663. i At NottlnRham it ia said : " WiUmo Penvel ecessit rex X acToi terrae adftwienda Pomerm." tome i,. f. 280. |[ *' /n Barnstaple um horttts reddt iiU denUr," tome i t. 2.38. U Tome i., 3.36. Comp. also tomo i., f. 168 b., 200. 264 &c. •* Tome i., 64. extract a very fair share of comfortable foods, and healing medicines, and savoury drinks, directly or indirectly from the soil. Besides a fair spread of animal food, birds, and fish, the cookery of which was by no means contemptible (it was, we learn from contemporary records, entrusted to " professed" cooks), they had served upon their dinner-tables quite a variety of vege- tables and fruits. There was the Colewort and Cabbage, the Bean and Pea, the Radish, Lettuce, Chervil, Onion, Leek, Garlic, Fennel, Mint, Carrot, Parsnip, Beet, Ache, Alexanders, Savoy, and Parsley. This latter vegetable was used together with bread, as now, for stuffing poultry.* The favourite vege- able appears to have been the Leek, which was largely used— so largely, in fact, that the kitchen gardens of the period were called " leac-tuns," Leek enclosures. The gardener who attended to these " leac-tuns " was called the " leac-weard," or Leek-keeper. For dessert our Anglo-Saxon forefathers had Pears, two varieties of the Apple, Plums, Cherries, Quinces, Chestnuts Hazel-nuts, Strawberries,t Peaches,t Walnuts,§ and very probably Mulberries, Almonds, and Figs 11 . Of ordinary ornamental flowers they did not possess a great variety; only a few sweet smelling species, such as the Piose, Lily, Southernwood, Violet, Rosemary, Basil, and Camomile were cultivated. P. E. N. (To be contimted.) KEW TREES. Ginkgo adiantifolia. — Considering the peculiar appearance of this tree it is not surprising to leara that it is, so far as is known, the sole survivor of an otherwise extinct race, The tree in question is a native of China and of Japan, but, according to the geologists, it, or its immediate progenitors, must have at one time been pretty generally diffused throughout the colder and temperate parts of the northern hemisphere. Professor Heer goes so far as to constitute over sixty species from the fossil imprints of the leaves found in secondary and tertiary strata in various parts of the world. Those, however, who are familiar with the variations in form of the leaf in living examples will naturally doubt whether the number of fossil species has not been exaggerated. In any case the type is one of unfathomable antiquity, and the wonder is how the one representative we know in a living state could have held its own and survived through so many changes of climate and other conditions. Its powers of endurance and adaptation are curiously illustrated by the fact, that not only is it hardy in this country, but that it is with few or no exceptions the tree best suited to withstand the pernicious atmosphere of crowded towns, its thick leathery leaves and their thick epiderm enablingit to resist the smoke and other atmospheric impurities. On this account, as also by reason ofthe singularity of its appearance, we strongly commend it to the notice of those who are in- terested in trees, and like to see some variety among the trees planted in towns. The fan-like leaves are borne in tufts on the ends of short-spurs, like those of an Apple tree, and in autumn before they fall they turn of a beautiful golden-yellow. The male catkins are produced at the end of similar spurs. The female flowers are on different trees to the male, and ripen into an ovoid berry-like fruit, placed at the end of a long stalk. PoUen from a male tree, therefore, is required for pur- poses of fertilisation, or a scion from the female tree may be grafted on the male, or vice versa. All the female branches that have flowered in Europe come from grafts of a tree received from England in " See Liber Medicinalis, iij. xij. t Cockayne, Saxon Lecchdoms, ii., 9. I Lb. Afed., 176; Lacn., 80; A"i^., 31. i Ai5..&3, Ingulf, p. &0. 1790, and discovered by Pyramus De CandoUe near Geneva,a8 narrated in our columns by M.AlphonseDe Candolle, 1866, p. 413. " This tree was cut down by a new proprietor, caring nothing for botany," and thus, continues M. Alphonse de Candolle, " my pre- sent letter may serve as an epitaph to a female, about which several pages have been written, and whose scions are numerous." In the Geneva Bo- tanic Garden we saw, a few years since, a male tree, on which a female scion had been implanted under the direction ofthe elder CandoUe— a truly historic tree. The botanical history of the tree is very curioas, but may be read in any text-book, so that it is not necessary to enter into details here concerning them. There are several large trees of this species (some- times called Salisburia), in the country. One, at Whitfield, near Hereford, was in 1868, 50 feet in height, with a girth of 7 feet 2 inches at 5 feet from the soil. Another at Panshanger, was estimated by Mr. W. Paul in 1868, to be about 53 feet high, with an ascertained girth of 8 feet at 6 feet from the ground. At Blaize Castle, Henbury, is, or was, a fine tree of this species, estimated in 1879 to be 65 feet in height, and with a regular oblong head (see Gard. Chron., December 6, 1879, p. 795). On July 22, 1882, we published a page illustration of a fine tree at Broadlands, stated at the time to be 40 feet in height, with a trunk 7 feet in girth at 3 feet from the ground, and a spread of branches of 45 feet. There is an old tree in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, but much less in dimensions than those mentioned. The tree in the Royal Gardens, Kew, of which we now give an illustration (fig, 47), measures, as we learn from Mr. Nicholson, 60 feet in height, with a spread of 41 feet, while the girth at 4 feet from the ground, is 9 feet 3 inches. The tree is usually propagated by layers, but also by seed. We remember seeing a quantity of seed- lings in the nursery of Messrs. Garraway, at Bristol, several years since. The mode of germination, as shown in a sketch by Mr. Weathers (fig. 48), is almost exactly like that of an (Jak, but the primary leaf- scales are 3-seriate. New or Noteworthy Plants. CATTLEYA BALLANTINIANA x , «. Ayft. This is a grand success of Messrs. F. Sander & Co.'s, who raised it from Cattleya Warscewiczii gigasxTrian.xi. lam informed by Mr. J. Godseff that the leaves and bulbs are like those of C. Triansei, the seed-parent, and that the plant is a stout free grower. The flower has the general shape and mostly the petals of Cattleya Warscewiczii gigas. The sepals and petals are rose-coloured, lip distinctly trilobed, very wavy on the anterior half, but eraarginate in front. The sides ofthe lateral lobes are fine rose-coloured, the disc is white with a median double series of extrorse purple reddish-brown short radiating lines, like those which are so conspicuous in Cattleya Ludderaanniana. The anterior part is of the warmest clearest mauve-purple, surrounded on the sides and front by white areas of the large swallow- tailed acute orange spot we find in many individuals of Cattleya Trianiei. The base of the column is greenish-white. This fresh pride of the establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. has been inscribed, at the desire of Mr. F. Sander, with the greatest satisfaction to Mr. Ballantine, the popular and intelligent head gardener of Baron von Schroder's model collection. H. G. Bchb.f. Devdrobium Habvetandm, Bchb.f. This rare species has appeared once more at St. Albans, at Mr. Sander's, who kindly sent me fresh materials. I was very pleased at last to see the leaf. It is more than 6 inches long, and a little over 1 inch in breadth. Its substance is rather thick and soft. The blade is cuneate-ligulate, very acuminate, very dark grey and shining above, light green nndemeath Maech ■}, ISSO.] THE GABDENER8' GHUONICLE. 265 wliere not only the median rib is prominent, but also on each side there is most distinct lateral rib. H. G. lichb. f. IVIES Or all the evergreen plants that pay for liberal treatment in the shortest time, the various forms of of cutting these off, they should be laid in or on the ground to the extent of fi inches at the base, and covered with lialf a foot of soil ; and if this be of a heavy nature, fastening down the shoots will not be required, the soil itself being sufficiently weighty to keep the shoots in place. If this layering be done at any time during the winter, the shoots will be well furnished with roots by the following autumn, Jig. 47.— ginkgo AuusriFOLii (the maidenhaik i.iiti) in the koval oahde.ns, tEw, (see p. 261.) Ivy are amongst the first en the list. For general use, as a covering for walls, fences, and screens of wood or metal, the Iiish Ivy stands unequalled for denseness and rapidity of growth. Where plants of this variety exist on a wall, vigorous young shoots will frequently be thrown out from the base, which shonld not be laid in, as when once the wall is covered it is not well to allow new growths to crowd those shoots already fixed to the wall, but instead and ready to be removed. This is one of the quickest ways to raise healthy plants, and, owing to their vigorous growth, these quickly establish them- selves when planted in a proper manner. Cuttings of the current year's growth, taken off In the autumn, about 1 foot long, and planted in rows on a shady border, will in two years' time make nice stocky plants. la preparing the border, mix some Band with the soil if it be heavy, and put a little in tlie trench wlun putting the cuttings in ; it will be noticed tliat layering is the quicker inetliod of raising Ivies, but one not always prac- ticable. During the last eight years I have had to employ a good deal of Ivy. The cast side of a dwelling- house, 30 feet high, has been covered to the top in places in that time. In another instance the walla of a stable were covered thickly. In this case, growth as much as five feet long was obtained in one 3'ear after the plants were firmly established. In another instance, a wall which was built in step- fashion, was made level at the top, and was after- wards covered with Irish Ivy. By fixing small iron supports in the wall and fastening rabbit-proof netting to these, a trellis was made to which tlie Ivy could be fastened ; and now it would be dilhcult to say at a glance whether there was a wall or not under tlie Ivy, so dense is the covering. Some flint walls which bounded the public road have been rapidly covered with this variety of Ivy; in this instance the plants were put in behind the top of the wall, the shoots being trained downward. The latest use to which Ivy has beeu put is that of hiding an iron fence which separates the garden proper from the park. Here the plants are exposed to the west winds. In covering this fence there were two objects in view, viz., hiding the rails of the fence ; and to prevent the tree leaves which blow across the park having ingress to the shrub- beries and lawns. With the rails covered with Ivy the leaves will be blocked there, and will be more easily collected. First the rails were covered with rabbit netting, then the Ivy was planted outside,' and the shoots threaded through the wire. Most of the work done with Ivy has been carried out with Ivy grown from layers. The method of planting pursued was to take out at the base of the wall a space a foot wide, and as much in depth, and when tie soil was poor it w,a3 entirely removed ; then the bottom was broken six inches deeper, the trench being lilled in with soil consisting of decayed vegetable refuse, old potting-bench refuse, or road-scrapings, decayed manure being freely added to the whole. In planting, the soil was trodden firmly about the plants, and finally a thick mulching of manure was put over the roots, which remains till the second yevr. The shoots were at once made secure, and as fas', as growth was made it was laid in. By timely attention to this last matter much quicker progress is made than when shoots are allowed to hang loose ■ and, moreover, the closer the shoots are kept to a wall from the first, the quicker they become self- supporting, the little roots readily clasping the wall, and in this way growth becomes rapid. Should the weather be dry the first summer after planting, copious supplies of water are beneficial, the plants growing then with increased rapidity. When once the wall is well covered, no attention will be needed beyond an annual clipping of the leaves and shoots ; this should take place the first week in April, and the closer the leaves and shoots are cut in to the old growth, the neater will the covering be, the leaf-stalks not being so long as when clipping is done only occasionally. For covering a very high wall, Kegner's Ivy is a capital variety, it being vigorous in growth, and the colour a deep green. Shoots four feet long will be made in one season, and these should have the point cut off, thereby inducing side shoots to break out through- oat its entire length. This sort is especially good for clinging to walls, and needs only the minimum of attention in the matter of fastening and training. For a northern aspect, where a close dense covering is wanted, Hedera palmata is a "i^ry good variety, as is Clouded Gold for a sunny spot, much sun rendering its colour still brighter. As a covering for some of the larger parts of the rockery, the silver variegated Ivy is excellent, and forms an agreeable contrast to shrubs of green foliage. We have here a winding path, one side of which is bounded by a flint wall :i to 3 feet high for thB purpose of retaining a bank of soil. "This wall la covered with English Ivy, which was taken from ths 266 THi: GARDENER S' GHR ONI CLE. [March 2, 1S80. woods hereabouts, and planted at the top of the wall in good soil, the shoots being trained in a downward direction. The roots quickly found their way under the stones, and the Ivy soon covered the wall. We have also a low retaining wall bounding the Vine border, which is covered with the same species. JIany beautiful forms of leafage and colour may be picked out of plants of English Ivy, some of them assuming in winter beautiful bronzy tints. I find that all Ivies are partial to soil of a heavy reten- tive kind, especially if it be liberally enriched with manure, and the foliage quickly responds to its use by showing larger size and greater depth of green. Where Ivy is required to cover a screen, or form one of itself, the better the treatment accorded the plants the quicker will the object in view be achieved. E.M. MARKETING OF FRUIT. The report of the Fruitgrowers' Association of Ontario for 1887 contains a paper on " Canada at the Colonial Exhibition," from which we take the fallow- ing interesting particulars : — Speaking of importing Apples to England, President A. McD. Allan says : ■ — "I found that the experience of every man there who had received fruit from this side direct to London was disastrous. The fruit was injured on the passage up the Thames, and arrived in the market fully a week later than if landed at Liver- pool and forwarded on to London by rail, thus entail- ing a double loss — the loss of a week's time, and the damage and pilfering consequent of their having to pass through so many hands. For this pilfering the Bteam-ship companies blame the dock h.ands, and they in turn blame the Custom-house officials, and you can get no satisfaction at all ; and we found that much better prices were always realised by shipping via Liverpool by rail to London. Besides that, coming up the River Thames is expensive. The dock companies' fees were something enormous — 8d. per barrel landed on the dock, and then fees to the Duke of Bedford, and goodness knows whom not. The rail- ways charge too high a rate, however, from Liverpool to London at present ; but they are going to pull the rates down. I have talked that matter over pretty thoroughly with the officials there, and I also sug- gested that the railway companies should provide accommodation at their stations centrally located in the city, where buyers could in a reasonable time buy, and the fruit be disposed of without expense, on rent being charged if the fruit is disposed of, instead of dealing at Covent Garden Market, where the nbiquitous Duke of Bedford has to be paid a fee of \^d. on every barrel. The railways took that up pretty well — the Midland so heartily that they had bought out half a block and started a new depot expressly for this purpose before I left, so that next year they will compete strongly for all the Canadian frait going to London, and there will be no rent or charge to the shipper, and the fruit can be sold right in their own depot, or kept for a considerable length of time without charge, a point which will be of great value to our shippers. Then there is another point. All the last part of the season, through December, I cabled shippers sending me fruit to London via Liverpool, and I made an arrange- ment that if the Liverpool prices were better than the London prices, to stop it at Liverpool and sell there. If it would pay the difference in freight, we allowed it to come on to London straight and be sold there. Some of the gentlemen I dealt with in London also did business in Liverpool, and in that way I had the advantage of two markets ; then again in other markets. Liverpool, of course, is the distributing point ; they handle more than London or Glasgow. I found the markets varied a good deal with the supply or demand. I had one cargo, I remember, of 14,000 barrels, of which I had advice. The moment the steamer was in the Mersey, I thought to sell in Liverpool, but prices went up in Glasgow and I sent it on there ; but before the vessel had arrived at Glasgow I had sold be 14,000 barrels in Copenhagen, Denmark. I took the night train to Glasgow, had them transhipped, and got my money in Glasgow. That is the best sale I made — 325. That, however, was delivered free in Copenhagen, but after paying all the expenses, there was a very handsome profit left for the shippers, several of whom were concerned. . . . There is one point I noticed in Great Britain. You see a spirit of progress in Canada in all depart- ments of agriculture, horticulture, and everything else which is lacking in Britain. People there seem to have the idea that everything in that country is done and finished, and certainly many things there are brought to a much more perfect state than they are here. The buildings look as if they were built to last for ever, and the farms and lanes and gardens are very beautiful. But the people have settled down to that idea, and they are loth to adopt any new improvement. That is a point in which we have a great advantage in this country. I don't think I could give our government too high a word of praise in speaking of that Colonial Exhibition, and of everything I observed there of the conduct of our Canadian afTairs. I think everything was done there that could be done to advance the interests of the country in every department, and I believe that the result will be reaped at no distant day." Another subject under discussion was " Apples and their Best Markets." The President said : — " If you could grow an Apple as large as a Pumpkin, and ship it to Covent Garden on December 1, you would get an enormous price for it. They will pay fancy prices about December 15 at the market at which they sell for the Christmas use. They will pay fancy prices for having samples of large varieties. They don't care what price they pay. They get particularly wild. I had an opportunity of testing them on their wildness last year, and I purposely went to work, and culled out a large quantity. I had about 6000 bar- rels, right on the market, in the morning of December 15, just to try their wildness ; and they did get wild. I concluded they were paying ridiculous prices for a great many varieties I had there ! I got enormous prices for Gloria Mundi, a variety that I think very little of; it is only a cooking variety at best. It is a large, coarse Apple, but they paid enormous prices for it, just simply because it was a large Apple ; and I observed they paid prices there for Pears — Belle Angevines, from the Channel Islands — that were enormous in size, but about as worthless a Pear, I suppose, as we grow anywhere, and yet they would pay from 59. to 10». apiece for each Pear, according to size and colouring. They don't care what they pay at that time. That was the reason I mentioned as one point, if you have anything large or fine looking, that is the time to sell it. And whether it has quality or not, they want it at that time. They want those fruits for the purpose of decorating dinner-tables. They are not used in eating. They don't eat them at all. You will find there in Covent Garden fruit dealers who keep those large specimens for the purpose of lending them out to dinner parties — they charge so much rental for them. That is quite a common thing for them." .... With regard to the cost, &c., of sending Apples to England the President said : — " It depends altogether on the firm you are dealing with. As a rule, amongst firms that do a straight, fair business, they would probably hold the freight and sell it some time within thirty d.ays, and they would charge 5 per cent, to cover everything. There are some markets where there are fees ; for instance, in Covent Garden the Duke of Bedford has to receive a certain fee from every fruit-grower in Canada. He has got to receive for rental for every barrel of freiglit that is sold in Covent Garden, a penny-half-penny a barrel ; that is the market fee in Covent Garden ; but I found that the way a good many brokers work there for the shippers is to take as few barrels into Covent Garden as possible ; they will go and sell at the docks or Bell at their own store-houses. They will only take into Covent Garden what they can't sell otherwise, and run them off for the best price they can get ; but usually you can calculate about 5 per cent, com- mission." Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CULTURE OF DENDROBIUMS. There are some very fine species of these Orchids which anyone possessing a pinery or ordinary stove may grow well, and the following are some of the more desirable of these: — D, Dalhousianum, a striking Orchid, the blooms appearing on old growths in drooping racemes of live to ten. They are 3 to 4 inches across, the sepals and petals being pale lemon-yellow, tinted at the margin with rose ; the lip has two dark crinrson blotches at the base. The pseudobulbs are 4 or 5 feet high, stout, and marked with purple, longitudinal lines. D. densirtorum, a native of Nepal, has rich bright flowers in dense pendent racemes, which spring from the upper joints of the pseudobulbs. The latter are four-sided, about 1 to 1^ foot high, and continue to bloom for several years. The variety albo-luteum has flowers white, with a golden yellow lip. D. fim- briatura audits variety, oculatum, are free-flowering species. The pseudobulbs are usually 2 to 4 feet high, thickest at the base, and tapering at the top ; they vary greatly, however. I have seen a plant with pseudobulbs 8 feet high, and of the same thick- ness throughout. The flowers are borne near the ends of these, which bloom in the spring for several years in succession. The flowers are bright yellow, and, in the variety oculatum (which is the more desirable), have a blackish-purple blotch on the lip. With similarly coloured flowers, but of pendent habit, is D. chrysanthum, a species that flowers in autumn on the current season's growth. D. nobile, however, is a species which has an extensive natural range in India, and is also found in China. Owing, probably, to this, a considerable difference is noticeable in the size and length of the pseudobulbs of imported pieces. I have seen those from the cooler localities not more than 1 foot long, whilst those from more tropical regions are some- times 3 to 4 feet in length. The flowers, which are produced from the growths of the preceding year, are usually white, with the tips of the sepals and petals rose, and the throat of the lip crimson-purple: but in good varieties' the greater part of the sepals and petals is of a glowing rosy-purple. D. Wardianum (which botanists consider a variety of D. Falconeri) was introduced in 1863, and is a native of Assam and Burmah. It has the pseudobulbs, which are 2 to .'J feet long, thickened at the joints. The flowers grow in twos and threes on the current season's growth; they are mostly white, but the tips of the sepals and petals are magenta, and in the centre of the lip is an orange-coloured blotch. One of the most sweetly-scented of all Orchids is D. aureum (1). heterocarpum), its fragrance resembling that of Violets. It flowers from January to March. Its pseudobulbs are 10 inches to a foot high, thickest in the middle. The flowers, which occur on the growth of the preceding year, are of a pretty canary-yellow, the lip being downy, and streaked with crimson. The variety philippinense has much longer pseudo- bulbs, and its flowers are paler, and destitute of fragrance. D. Pierardi has long slender pseudobulbs and delicate pinkish-white flowers, which are at their best in February. The above named species, when grown in a stove, require shading tu a lesser degree than plants of the usual class, and it would be desirable to reserve one end of the stage for them, so that the blinds could be manipulated so as to meet their peculiar require- ments. Except on the very hottest days the shading may be removed at 4 o'clock ; the temperature will then perhaps rise to over 00^, which, if the atmo- sphere be loaded with moisture, exactly suits them. After (he pseudobulbs are fully formed the plants ihould be gradually ioiired to a much cooler drier treatment. This ripening process is most essential to the production of abundance of bloom. As the flowering season approaches little prominencea will appear at the nodes, and warmer moister con- ditions will again be needed. I prefer to grow these Maech 2, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CSRONICLE. 267 plants in baskets rather than pots, and the peat in which they are planted should have every earthy particle shaken out. W. B. [Our able correspondent, Mr. W. Smythe, Basing Park, prows his plants in the Pine-stove, removing them after growth is made to a cooler house. Ed.] Sluticari.v ISieelii. The long, almost terete, pendent, thong-like leaves of this species make it an attractive object, even when not in flower. The flowers are large and fra- grant, and prettily marked with reddish-brown blotches on the sepals and petals; the labellum is thickly marked with parallel and oblique lines of a rather brighter shade, especially on the lateral lobes, which are much incurved, the central lobe being spread out and deeply notched ; the two lateral sepals are much curved (falcate), joined together at the base, and form, with the spur of labellum, a very prominent chin. The ground colour of the flowers is orange-yellow, the prominent three-toothed crest a clear yellow. The scapes are said to have as many as three flowers, but two are much more common, in which condition I saw a plant recently in the gar- dens of E. F.; Hubbock, Esq.. The Hawthorns. Ked Hill, where in the warm Orchid-house it was nicely established on a small Teak slab with a little sphag- num-moss. It was carrying half-a-dozen twin- flowered scapes. F. Boss. AXGU.YCUM HTALOIDES. This is one of the smallest and most floriferous of Angrrccums, as may have been seen from a plant recently flowered at Kew. It forms a compact little tuft, about 2 inches high, the stems being scarcely at all elongated. The numerous spikes are scarcely longer than the leaves, and the small pure white flowers are distichously arranged along the rhachis. Those whose tastes lead them to include these little gems in their collections will find in the present a most attractive plant. It was introduced a few years ago from Madagascar, R. A. i?. GrOWIKG PHAL.l£XOrbIS (bEE P. 246). That a proper position is a necessity for success in cultivating Phalienopsis I am fully persuaded ; at the same time it is impossible for rae, or any one else, to give directions whereby that position can be fuund. It becomes a discoverable matter to those concerned; that is, if the plants are in an unsatisfactory state ; by changing the plants from house to house we may find the position or place best suited to them. The house in which the plants stood which called forth mv remarks is a low structure — a three-quarters span, with a north aspect — and it has side-stages, and a path in the middle. The plants are placed on the front stage, and grow towards the interior. Although under apparently the same conditions as regards aspect, &c., as in the house they had previously occu- pied, yet what I term the proper position sought for proved not to have existed; hence their removal to what Mr. O'Brien (with whom I perfectly agree) deems a mtjre suitable house, inasmuch as the proper position was found therein. F. Ashton. NOTES ON VEGETABLE CULTURE. AsPAEAors. — We all know the old system of cul- tivating Asparagus in thickly crowded beds, and which seems to be giving way to a more sensible one of leaving a yard between the plants and half a yard between the rows and on the flat. It is only in wet or heavy land that raised beds are now thought to be required. Much manure, garden refuse in any quantity must be incorporated by means of deep trenching where the depth of good soil allows of it, 80 that the plants shall remain in vigour for a period of five or six years. This preparation of the future Asparagus bed should be done in early winter, so that a well pulverised surface be obtained by the spring. Some do the planting immediately the roots begin to grow, but it is better to let the shoots advance a little more than that, and I have met with the most success when the stems were 1 foot high before planting. The roots at this stage seem to take to the soil at once, and growth is continuous, no check seeming to oceiii-. .Seedlings a year old are the best for forming tresh plantations. When planting a trench should be tlirown out alongside of a lino, and the plants pl.aced in it at 1.^ foot apart, with their roots spread out in all directions and then covered ; but before the trench is filled up finally copious watering should be given when, if the soil be raked or shovelled in it will be a long time before the soil again becomes dry beneath. As the rows will be a yard apart the intervening si)ace can be planted with some dwarf growing crop, such as Onions or Lettuce, the first year, but the following season the Asparagus should have the whole space to itself, and no digging or disturbance of the ground take place beyond the needed hoeing and cleaning. In the autumn, when beds are cleared, a heavy dressing of rubbish-heap stuff and rotten manure will be a great help, and these top-dressings should be afforded the beds annually, not only for enriching the ground, but to cover the roots, the tendency of the plant being to raise itself out of the soil. Some growers plant deeply, and thus get blanched heads, but Asparagus is better flavoured when it has green tops. To have strong shoots none should be cut off before the second year after planting, and then it ought not to be continued late in the summer, as so much depends on the quantity of young shoots that is allowed to attain full development. If liquid manure can be given during the summer or a soak- ing or two of water aftbrded, either will be a great help. J. S. (To be coiitimied,) SMUT-FUNGI: Kecent Discoveries as to the IsATrnE and Action of Ustilagine^. (Conduded from p. 235.) Brefeld's OnsERVATioNs. — In 1883, Professor Brefeld published a most startling series of ob- servations on the germination of the spores of the chief species of L'stilagineje ; it was the result of several years of patient hibour, and deserves more attention than can be given to it here, where we are only concerned with general results. Bre- feld showed that if the spores of the Ustilagineaa are sown in solutions of organic food-materials, such as washings from soil, manure, vegetable sub- stances, &c., the promycelia go on buddin ofli" the yeast-like sporidia, and these in their turn bud ofl' others, which repeat the process, and so on, until the food-materials are ex- hausted. If some of these budded-off cells (which Brefeld terms conidia) are taken and sown in a fresh drop of the culture-fluid, they again start to bud off others, and the process is repeated again until the solution is exhausted, Brefeld kept such cultures going for years, carrying the process through more than a thousand "generations" of conidia, but always with the same results ; the buds simply re- produced new buds, behaving exactly like the cells of the yeast-plant, except that they induced no fermentation. After many months, however, a gradual diminution in the vigour of the conidia was observed, and at length they ceased to develope farther. It is useless to attempt to describe the diilerences in the behaviour of the different species in this connection ; the point of importance is that Brefeld proved that these fungi are capable of carry- ing on their existence and of multiplying their conidial cells enormously, outside of and quite inde- pendently of a host-plant. Obviously, it was argued, these yeast-like conidia may be produced in any quantity in the soil of fields, &c., where the rain- water dissolves food materials from rotting vegeta- tion, manure, &c. Further researches showed that these yeaat-like conidia are extremely delicate and sensitive ; instead of retaining their power of germinating, &c., after desiccation, they lose it in a few hours. They are adapted for a rapid spread of the fungus at a critical period — when the spores are sown and the corn is gern\inating. So sensitive are these delicate conidia that the dresaiug on the sown Wheat kills them almost immediately on touching them ; but of course their enormous numbers constitute a source of danger amply suHicient to account for the known failures. ArrriFiciAL Infectiom of Wheat. Hitherto, however, we have had no direct proof of the infection of the Wheat, &o., by means of these yeast-like conidia, and one of the most interesting pieces of biological research that has been published of late years is Brefeld's account — which by his favour has just come [to my hands — of the infection of various cereals by these artificially cultivated conidial cells. Shortly summarised, the method was as follows : — The spores of the fungus were allowed to germinate in organic solutions, developing their pro- mycelia and sporidia as usual, and then proceeded to bud off the yeast-like conidia, which then, multi- plied by budding until the liquid was exhausted; fresh cultures were then made with these yeast-like conidia in new liquid, and so on for several genera- tions ; until finally, Brefield had obtained large quantities of the conidia, which had been cultivated artificially through many generations, and were, therefore, so much the further removed from the conditions of parasitism. The infection-experiments were then made by spraying these yeast-like cells on to the plants con- cerned, and with the most startling success. Begun in 18S4, Brefeld carried on the experiments up to this last summer. I need not here dwell upon the precautions taken, or on the methods of culture pur- sued ; they are characteristic of the times and of the man, and we may proceed to the account of the results obtained. Numbers of seedlings of the various cereals — Wheat, Barley, Oats, Maize, &c. — having been ob- tained and laid on the soil in flat metal pans, the spray of water and yeast-like conidia was allowed to play over them, thousands of the conidia adhering to the seedlings in the tiny drops of liquid; the infected seedlings were then covered with a bell-jar, and kept at about 10'^ C. for ten to twelve days. Then the seedlings were transplanted to the open, and allowed to develope, the smut or bunt appearing as the ears ripened. An interesting point comes out here — one of those subtle adaptations so often met with in biology, and on which great events sometimes turn. The minute conidia will only stick properly to the seed- lings if they are thoroughly wetted, and distributed in extremely small droplets of water. Now when the " blade " of the com first peeps above ground it is apt to " weep " relatively large quantities of water from its tip by means of the water-storaata ; this water, running down in large drops, washes off the conidia into the soil around, since they are at once rolled away in the heavy drops. This is one source of failure in infections. Another is owing to the difficulty of having the conidia ready in exactly the right condition at the right time ; for as their nutri- tive materials are becoming exhausted they are apt to begin to germinate, and if they have already ger- minated when sprayed on the seedlings there is not enough vigour left in the germ-tubes to effect an entrance. Provided the conditions are satisfied, however, the results are all that the most carping critic could require, and amount to absolute proof of the infection of the embryonic tissues of the fungus. Parts of the Seedling which at-oke can ee Infected. It will be remembered that Kiihn and Wolff (who worked only with the spores germinating in water, and putting forth their promycelia and conidia direct on to the seedlings) had shown that it is the " collar '* region of the young seedling which is susceptible to infection— Kiihn showing that Wolff was wrong in limiting the area still further to the base of the first leaf-sheath. Brefeld not only proves the accuracy 268 THE GABDENERS' CUFOXlCLR [MaUch 2. 1889 of Kuhn's conclusions, but he shows that on the third and fourth days after the emergence of the radicle (say a week after laying the grain on the damp soil) the epidermis in this region was pierced through and through by the germinal tubes. Each point of entrance being represented by a tiny hole, which is perfectly distinct wlien fresh, but becomes less and less evident day by day as the part grows older. From each point of entrance, in the fresh condition, he traced a fungus filament into the delicate growing tissues beneath, and increasing in vigour as it penetrates towards the growing point of the plumule. The younger the tissues the more easy it was to trace this entrance of the germ-tubes ; as the tissues age, the infection-holes disappear, and the older parts of the infective germ-tube lose their contents, and consequently the forward parts of the germ-tube seem to be isolated in the embryonic tissues of the growing point of the seedling. Every attempt to infect parts of the seedling, the epidermis and tissues of which had passed out of the embryonic stages, failed, and comparison of all the sections and results shows that tlie filaments of the fungus are unable to grow, or even to enter into tissues the cells of which have passed beyond the embryonic and stretching phases. Consequently, as will be at once seen, the filaments when once inside the young seedling, go on growing in and with the tissues of the growing points, brandling into each lateral growing point, and following the tips of every branch, &c., until it begins to flower; then, and then only, the filaments obtain the power to produce spores, as we have seen. This proved — and it is not going too far, I think, to use the expression— a further inference at once suggests itself, namely, if it is only because the tissues of the seedling are young and tender that the infection is possible, then any embryonic tissue of the host plant ought to be susceptible to infection. We may be sure that this did not escape Br.-^.feld's attention, and he at once proceeded to inject the " heart " of the terminal buds of older plants of cereals, —and with complete success. The infective germ- tubes were found boring into the embryonic tissues of the growing points in thousands. More than 600 such infections were made by pushing a long- drawn capillary tube into the "heart" of the buds, and driving drops containing conidia into contact with the tissues inside, where they could be gradually dra^n between the leaf-bases by capillarity. Brefeld found in such cases that the whole surface of the growing- point became riddled with infection-holes: transverse sections pave dozens of infection points in profile— a sight that must have startled even so deft a manipulator. In many of these experiments the buds were, of course, destroyed ; but in others the parasite simply went on growing with the host, and in due time the smutted grains were produced In the Maize he succeeded in infecting just any branch he chose, by thus putting conidia on the growing points. Practical Applications. I have put these observations together because they have so obvious and important a bearing on the practical application of biology, and because they seem to me to go far towards clearing up several points of dilRculty hitherto, both on the side of hus- bandry and on that of the general theory of disease. They show why so many seedlings escape at all, for the period of germination of a grain of wheat may be very short — and at any rate the period of exposure of the tiny area susceptible to infection may be short. For it must never be forgotten that even if thousands of conidia are near the tender collar of the seedling, no infection can occur unless the germ- tubes (minute, very delicate, and short-lived as they are) reach it at the critical time. There is a prac- tical inference to be drawn here also, namely the importance of selecting vigorous, rapidly-germi- nating seed grain ; and the advantage of favourable BoU and season at the critical period. Everyone knows that a cold, damp soil, or unfavourable cloudy weather may prolong the period of tenderness of the tissues, and it is easy to suppose that every hour of exposure is to the advantage of the parasite. The earlier the fungus gains an entry, moreover, the more chance it has of reaching the growing points, and starting well in its upward growth ; whereas the more the growing points start onwards ahead of the infection-tubes, the less the chance of the latter is to catch them up, and send branches into their oif-shoots. Other things equal, then, the farmer should select quickly-germinating sorts, and aim at securing all conditions which ensure the rapid fixing and hardening of the young seedlings. Some experi- ments already exist to show that a fairly high spring temperature — 15° — 20*^ C. — influences the ger- mination of the grain for good more than it does that of the conidia : if further experiments demonstrate the accuracy of this conclusmn (and I can support this by evidence derived from the culture of other parasitic fungi), we have still more reason to look for good results by close attention to conditions which favour the hurrying processes in germination. These results also suggest a clearer view of the danger of allowing wet new manure to come on to corn fields in seed. The practice of agriculture is against this on other grounds, but it is worth while to consider the nature of the danger. Manure wash- ings furnish just such organic solutions as favour the enormous and rapid development of the yeast-like conidia, and it would be a madman's act to wittingly shed such crops on to the seedlings. Every argu- ment that applies to such manure applies to all organic refuse, and general cleanliness is thus an implied factor for successful grain culture, Sec, in as far as organic infusion furnish pabulum for the conidia of smut fungi. With respect to the whole ([uestion of "dressing" grain there is no doubt much to be found out. In so far as copper sulphate retards germination and threatens to injure seedlings, we may be disposed to criticise it unfavourably; but as to its directly dis- infective action on the conidia germs and germ-tubes there can be no doubt. Experiments have been made showing that the application of lime after the copper salt had a good effect, in so far that it rapidly neutralised the action of the latter, and prevented its useless or even dangerous prolonged etFects, and no doubt this occurs naturally in the soil. But it seems even now desirable that further experiments should be made to determine more exactly the action of definite quantities of such antiseptics in definite times on, not the fungus, but the seed. I cannot help thinking that much valuable information could be obtained by further research in this direction at some agricultural station : much has been done, but these new points of view suggest that much more rema'ns to be done, However, the discussion of these matters is beyond the present purpose. H. Marshall Ward. CAMBRIDGE BOTANIC GARDEN. The following report on the condition of the Botanic Garden has been issued: — February \), — The Botanic Garden Syndicate having been authorised by grace of the Senate to build part of a new range of plant-houses at a cost not exceed- ing £3000, a contract with the well-known horti- cultural builders, Messrs. Boyd of Paisley, was signed on March 28, 1888; the work was begun on April! 7, and is now completed. The total cost amounts to £3000 16*. \^d. The work has been carried out under careful supervision, and the Syndicate have reason to believe that the material used and the methods of construction are thoroughly substantial and satisfactory. Solid foundations have been laid, so that whenever new woodwork is required, it may be rebuilt on the same walls. The heating is done by two boilers, which are so arranged that either may be used separately, or both at once. An efficient water-service has been provided ; and either hard or soft water may be forced with considerable pressure to the taps in the various parta of the range, for use with hose, or may be allowed to gravitate from elevated tanks. The houses now built have been designed so aa to form part of a complete range, that is a series of houses capable of accomodating the whole of the coUectiun. It is to be hoped that the completion of the range in a manner worthy of the University will not be long delayed. The part of the range now put up includes warm Orchid-house, warm Fern-house, stove, Palm-house, aquarium and stove-pit. Of these the aquarium is the only house that had not been provided before ; and it is a valuable addition from a scientific point of view, obtained without materially increasing the area of glass. A laboratory, much needed for investigations that require to be carried on in close proximity with the plants, has been built. The building contains two large working rooms and a dark chamber, and is heated by hot water from the mains of the new range of plant-houses, with which, when the remaining houses have been built, it will be iu communication by the corridor. The plants in the houses will thus be practically under the same roof with the labora- tory. Before removal to the new houses the Orchid, Fern, and stove collection were carefully examined throughout ; more than the usual amount of potting was done, and these collections are now in a very satisfactory condition. Special eflbrts were made to exterminate insects, and the collections generally are now cleaner than hitherto. The cool Orchids have greatly improved in condition, and valuable additions have been made to the colUction. The hardy Cactuses have been removed from their old position to the border iu front of the new stove. The development of this lot of plants is probably unsurpassed, and here, in this conspicuous position, it forms a fine feature. The extensive collection of Crocuses has been replanted along the borders of the new range, by taking a single corm of each kind, so that each clump may be formed from one individual. A new bed has been made, entirely of peat, for the choicer hardy Ericacece, which, on account of the exhaustion of the soil in the old bed, had ceased to succeed. The old bed has been planted with Rho- dodendron ponticum, for which the soil may still be sufficiently good. Revision of nomenclature has had all possible attention. The collection of stove Ferns has been carefully examined, and the names when necessary have been altered in accordance with a set of dried specimens authenticated in the Kew Herbarium. A dried set of species of the genus Berberis was taken to Kew, and the names now stand in accord- ance with the specimens of the Kew Herbarium. Various plants have been named or authenticated from time to time. New labels have been written for all parts of the garden ; about 3875 have been required for specimen plants, and about 20.>l.) of smaller size for seed-puts and for various purposes. The large " Order " labels on the herbaceous ground have been re-painted and re-written., and those belonging to the various shrub- groups in the garden are in course of renewal. The re-labelling of the Orchid collection is in progress. The plants in the new houses have been re-labelled as far as possible. Among the principal plants of scientific interest that have flowered are Aristca Eckloni, Arum Besserianum, Asarum llartwegi, Blumenbachia Hieronymi, Catasetum Bungerothi, Chrysanthemum hffimatoraa. Convolvulus raalvacea, Dominica Ginger (received from the Pharmaceutical Society, and now proved to be Zingiber officinale), Eichornia tricolor, Erythroxylon Coca var. E. ovata Griseb., Fontanesia Fortuuei, Gladiolus aurantiacus, Gladio- lus n. sp , Gomphocarpus albens. Iris Kingiana, I. Korolkowi, I. Saari, I. Suwarowi, Mormodea bucccinator. Narcissus Broussoneti (remarkable in having its corona reduced to a mere rim), Pilocarpus pennatifolius (of interest in pharmacy as yielding Pilocarpine ; this is the true Pernambuco plant, but whether it is the P. pennatifolius of Lemaire is not eaaily determiaed. Flowers were sent to Kew as JIarcii 2, 1S89.J THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 2G9 affording the first living material for examination). Polemouium flavum (figured in Bot. Ma(/., t. G065), Primula Keidii, Uoscoea spicata, St-ehium edule (tlie Chocho of the West Indies, a Cucurbit with one- seeded edible fruit), Statice yuwarowi, Zantedeschia Rehmanni Engl., and Zephyranthes macrosiphon. About 1870 plants and S'J7 packets of seeds have been received from [numerous] Botanic Gardens, and a return has been made to most of them, 1482 plants and about 1504 packets of seeds having been distributed. The following ]ilants may be mentioned as among the most interesting and important that have been received : — Oerbera Jamesoni. a fine Composite intro- duced from the Cape ; Iris Kosenbachi, Ostrowskia magnifioa, with various other choice plants, from Herr Max Leichtlin ; Iris Barnumi, with several other new and choice species and various bulbs and seeds, from Professor Foster ; Isonandra Gutta (important as yielding gutta-percha), Napoleona imperialis (of interesting floral structure), Rein- wardtia tetragyna, Restio tetraphyllus, Stifftia chrysantha (a fine shrubby Composite), Washingtonia robusta (a choice new Palm), Stach^'s tuberifera (a new vegetable, the Crosnes of the Paris markets), Strophanthus hispidus. Kemijia pedunculata (the bark of which is known as " Cuprea bark," and con- tains quinine), and several other economic plants. Zantedeschia Rehmanni, a choice Aroid introduced from the Cape, is of interest as possessing a leaf- form quite unlike that of its congeners. Important additions have been made to some of the special collections. The collection oi hardy Bamboos, already a good one, has been increased by the addition of twelve reputedly distinct kinds, and all obtainable additions have been made to the genua Pxonia. On Whit Monday last about 1600 visitors entered the garden, and no misconduct of any kind was observed. C. E. Searle, Vice- M. Foster. Chancellor. C. Taylor. Francis Darwin. L. Neville. J. W. Hicks. G. E. Paget. Francis Jenkinson. Chas. 0. Babikgton. Walter Gardiner. It was further shown that, under otherwise pai'allel conditions, there was very much more nitrogen as nitric acid in soils and subsoils, down to a depth of lOS inches when Leguminous, than when Graminaceous crops had for some time bten grown, indicating that nitrification had been more active under the infiuence of tiie LeguminofUJ. Action of Root Sap. In the course of investigation the question arose — whether roots, by virtue of their acid sap, might not, either directly take up, or at any rate attack and liberate for further change, the otherwise insoluble organic nitrogen of the subsoil. Accordingly, specimens of the deep, strong, fleshy root of the Medicago sativa (Lucernt*) were collected and THE NITROGEN OF TATION. VEGE- A comprehensive and valuable treatise on the present position of the sources of the nitrogen of vegetation, has been published by Sir J. B. Lawes, Bart., and Professor J. H. Gilbert, LL.D., in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The object of the papers, as stated by the authors, is to summarise some of their own more recently published results, bearing on various aspects of the subject, to put on record additional results, to give a preliminary notice of new lines of inquiry, and to discuss the evidence so adduced with reference to the results and conclusions of others which have recently been put forward. 1. The Evidence Relating to other Sources THAN Free Nitrogen. In their earlier papers the authors had concluded that, except the small amount of combined nitrogen coming down in rain, and the minor aqueous deposits from the atmosphere, the source of the nitrogen of our crops was, substantially, the stores within the soil and subsoil, whether derived from previous accumulations, or from recent supplies by manure. More recently, it has been shown that the amount of nitrogen as nitric acid in the soil, was much less after the growth of a crop than under corresponding conditions without a crop. In the case of Gramin- aceous crops, it was concluded that most, if not the whole, of their nitrogen was taken up as nitric acid. But, with Leguminous plants, the evidence indicated that, in some cases, the whole of the nitrogen had been taken up as nitric acid, but that in others that source seemed to be inadequate. Fia. 48.— OERMINATXON OF GINKGO ADIAXIIFOLII. (SEE P. 264.) examined, when it was found that the sap was very strongly acid. But the manipulation in the laboratory not being comparable with those of the action of living roots on the soil, the results obtained did not justify any very definite conclusions as to whether the action of the roots on the soil, by virtue of their acid sap, is quantitatively an important source of the nitrogen of plants having an extended development of roots, of which the sap is strongly acid. Supposing, how- ever, this to be the case, the question still remains, whether the amide substance thus rendered soluble is taken up as such, or whether it undergoes further changes before serving as food lor the plant ? Upon the whole it seems probable, that green- leaved plants can take up soluble nitrogenous organic bodies when these are presented to them under such conditions as in water culture experiments, and that they can transform them and appropriate their nitrogen. Thus, it is thought not improbable that they can takf up and utilise amide bodies rendered soluble within the soil by the action of the root sap. Insoluble Organic NiTRoaEN. In connection with the subject of the conditions under which the insoluble organic nitrogen of soils and subsoils may become available to chlorophyllous plants, some results of Professor B. Frank are referred to. lie observed that the feeding roots of certain trees were covered with aiungus, the threads of which forced themselves between the epidermal cells into the root itself, which in such cases had no hairs, but similar bodies were fuund external to the fungus mantle, which prolonged into threads among" the particles of soil. The conclusions were that the tree acquires its soil nutriment through the agency of the fungus. Such a mode of accumula- tion by some green-leaved plants obviously allies them in this respect very closely to fungi them- selves, and in view of the office within the soil which is bv some attributed to micro-organisms and (>ther low forms of plant-life, these observations are of considerable interest. It is stated that the deve- lopment has not been noticed on the roots of any herbaceous plants. 2. The Evidence Relating to the Fixation or Free Nitrogen. In the experiments of M. Berthelot, in all of which the gains of nitrogen are comparatively small, they have in some cases been attributed to electrical action, and in others to the agency of micro-organ- isms within the soil. M. Berthelot first showed that free nitrogen was fixed by various organic compounds under the influence of the silent electric discharge at the ordi- nary temperature ; and suggested that such actions probably take place in the air during storms, and (when the atmosphere is charged with electricity) organise matters absorbing nitrogen and oxygen. The special interest attached to this fact is that by these means the free nitrogen of the air may be brought into combination within the plant. Subsequently he found that free nitrogen was brought into combination by argillaceous soils when exposed in their natural condition, and that there was also fixation due to living organisms. These gains of nitrogen not only serve as compensa- tion for exhaustion by cropping, &c., but explain how originally sterile argillaceous soils eventually became vegetable moulds. From experiments of M. Joulie it was concluded that micro-organisms probably play an important part in the fixation of nitrogen. He did not think, however, that his results were favourable to the supposition that the plants themselves effected the fixation. Professor Frank considers that, independently of direct evidence against the supposition, that gains of nitrogen may be due to absorption of combined nitrogen from the atmosphere ; an objection to such a view is that it would not explain the circulation of nitrogen in Nature; and his main conclusion is that there are two actions going on within the soil, one liberating nitrogen and the other bringing it into combination, the latter favoured by vegetation. The most remarkable of the results indicating the fixation of free nitrogen are stated to be those of Professor Hellriegel and Dr. Wilgarth. Hellriegel found that whilst plants of the Graminaceous, Cheno- podiaceous, Polygonous, and Cruciferous families required combined nitrogen to be supplied within the soil, Papilionaceous plants did not depend on such soil supplies. Peas sometimes grew luxuriantly in washed sand with nutritive solutions free from nitrogen, but sometimes failed, root-nodules being developed coincidentally with luxuriance, but not without it. At first, he was disposed to connect the action of nitrogen fixation with the root-nodules and their contents. Dr. Wilgarth gave the results of a subsequent season's experiments, which fully confirmed those recorded by Hellriegel, both as to the native results 270 THE GAB DE NEB S' CHB ONI CLE. [^rARCH 2. 1889. wiih other plauts, aad to the positive results with PapilionaceiB ; from which it was concluded that those plants can derive the whole of their nitrogen from the air, but that it is doubtful whether the root-nodules are connected with the fixation, though the results point to the agency of bacteria in some way, A summiry of the work of several other experi- menters is also given. Conclusions. In reference to the foregoing results, Messrs. Lawes and Gilbert say, whilst it can hardly be said that there is any unsolved problem in regard to the Bource of the nitrogen of other than our Leguminous crops, it must be admitted that, in spite of all the investigations and discussions of the last fifty years,, the source of the whole of the nitrogen of those crops has not been satisfactorily explained by results obtained on the lines of inquiry until recently i;dopted. Evidence obtained on new lines should therefore receive careful consideration, and there can be no doubt that, in recent yeais, cumulative CY-idence has been adduced indicating that certain chlorophyllous plants avail themselves of nitrogen hiought into combination under the influence of lower organisms, the development and action of which would seem in some cases to be a coincident of the growth of the higher plants to be benefited. But such a conclusion is of such fundamental im- l)ortance, that further confirmation must yet be demanded before it can be considered to be fully established. We must leave the general considerations of the subject to a future occasion. John J. Willis, Har- pcnden. The Alpine Garden. Cultural Memoranda. HINTS ON RAISING GLOXINIAS FROM SEED. The improvement that has been effected in these during the last few years has been great, and instead of rather small drooping flowers, we now have them large and erect, and much expanded, and of beauti- ful colours, selfs, spotted, &c. The time for sowing the seeds of Gloxinia is the present, and later, and as the seeds are minute it is necessary to be careful when sowing them. The pot or pan must be crocked efficiently, and partly filled withiough peat or partly rotten leaves, finishing ofi' with finely-sifted light Bandy soil, wliich should then be pressed firmly and smoothly, watered through a fine rose, and stood a'iide for an hour or so before sowing the seed. In sowing, sprinkle the seeds thinly, and sprinkle a little silver-sand over it, finally covering with a piece of glass, and over that a piece of paper to exclude the light and prevent undue evaporation. The seed will come up quickly if placed in a brisk moist hotbed, or in a stove. As soon as the plants are seen the glass should be tilted, and in a few days removed. The best place then, for the pot or pan is a shelf near the light. Frequent sprinkling with water will be necessary, and when large enough to handle they must be pricked off singly into small pots. As a compost use loam and peat or leaf-mould, and the first-named in the proportion of two to one of either of the other, and this kind of soil will be the right one for them when repotting is needed. Five inch pots will be found large enough for one- year seedlings, and a shelf up near the glass at the back of a warm moist stove is the best place in which to prow them. As the plants need shade, and get thrips or the leaves are injured if exposed to the sun, shading should receive great attention when the sun is shining strongly. When starting old corms of Gloxinias, all that is needed is a watering to moisten the soil they are in, and an increase of heat, to cause the roots to grow ; and where it is observed that growth has begun they may be re-potted, and treated in the same manner as seedlings. J. Sheppard, ALPINES FROM SEEDS. I AM much obliged to Mr. Evvbank for directing attention to the time of sowing seeds of the above, for ou referring to my notes I find they might have been a little clearer. When I v/rute " might well be done at once," I ought to have added, " if not already done." There is no doubt that the seeds of the majority of hardy plants, i.e., alpine and hardy herbaceous and such things, are best sowu in autumn unless special facilities exist for keeping them. E.x:ceptious, however, according to my own expe- rience, must be made with such things as Antherieums, Hellebores, Hepaticas, and Gentians, which should be sown as soon as ripe, these invariably remaining in the ground a long time before germination takes place. It should also be noted that it is a mistaken practice to sow all species of alpines, as is often advised, as soon as ripe, and this is especially so for such as germinate freely and quickly, inasmucli as the advent of winter finds them just springing from the soil at which time the greatest care will be needed to p.'event loss by damping off. When growers of alpine plants are aware of the ease with which many of the best of these plants are raised from seed, and that it is possible to obtain the seeds in a fresh ion- dition as collected, alpine plants will become culti- vated more extensively than at present. I have also a conviction that alpine plants raised from seeds rather than by cuttings or divisions, will be more likely to endure our trying climate with greater im- punity. Still we may always find find some, as for example, the Eritrichiums, which will never be enduring livers in this country ; such as these, which are difficult to establish and to keep, are, however, not numerous ; and though bautiful, they need not be regarded as being the most indispensable. E. Jenkins, Plants and Their Culture. The Stove Wouk to be Done. — Plants of Gar- denias will now in many gardens be coming into bloom, and should have occasional waterings with liquid manure, to assist the swelling of their flower-buds. Plants of Tabernaimontana coro- naria fl.-pl. sliould be similarly encouraged. Francisceas will now have commenced to grow, and should be repotted or top-dressed as may be required. The soil to employ in repotting them should consist of good fibrous loam, peat, and silver-sand. The stock of plants of Francisceas may be increased by taking cuttings of half-matured shoots of the current season's growth; these if put into light sandy soil, in small pots, and placed on a brisk bottom-heat in a pro- pagating-frame or dung-frame, will soon make roots, and should then be grown on quickly, so as to get tlie wood ripened before winter. EranLhenium puleiiel- lura, and others, struck from cuttings now, will be found very serviceable for autumn blouniing. Vinca alba and V. rosea should be propagated for autumn decorations, the yuung plants being kept well iiindied at the points of the shoots to induce bushy growth. Large plants in pots of species of Allamauda, ClerodHiulron, Bongainvillea, and Dip- ladenia, started at the commencement of the season, should be occasionally examined, keeping the shoots clear of the glass, but not tying the shoots too closely until they are much further advanced. These plants should be afforded all the light possible. The shrubby varieties of Cleroden- dron, of which fallax is one of the best, and which should be raised annually from seed, may now be pruned back to the old wood to induce bushiness of liabit, the plants being repotted as soon as growth recommences. In doing so, shake off most of the old soil, and place them in snualler pots. Ixoras now making free growth should be kept stopped as required. I. coccinca is one of the best and most useful varieties, but it requires to be more stopped than other dwarf plants. Great care should now be taken to free the plants from mealy-bug, scale, and other insect pests, before the bloom trusses form, as it will be impossible to get rid of them without injury to the flowers at a later period. Some of the young stock of these plants which was propagated early in the year will now be ready for potting, aud these plants should receive every encouragement from bottom-heat to make a quick growth, they being the plants which are destined to take the place of the old plants thrown away after blooming. The collection of Gloxinias may now be repotted, and if the tubers are very dry, which is often the case, they should be soaked in warm water for an hour or two before this is done. A certain number of tubers not showing signs of renewed growth may be kept back to give a succession of bloom. The plants when re-potted should be placed near to the light. A sowing of Gloxinia seed may be made in a light compost, well watering the soil before sowing. Plants raised from tliis sowing will be found of great service in the late autumn. Greenhouse. — Any specimens of Azalea indica re- quired to flower in the summer should be placed in a cool north house to be retarded ; if such a house be not available the i)lants may be retarded somewhat by 7>lacing them on the north side of the greenhouse, and shading them there from sunshine. Any plants infested with thrips sliould be dipped in, or syringed with tobacco-water, and the plants at this period of the year will bear a much stronger solution than when furnished with tender foliage. If the plants are slightly affected much time and labour will be saved afterwards by a thorough cleansing being made now, so that any spreading of the insects on to the new growth may be avoided. Red-spider being present may be got rid of by dressing the plant with any approved insecticide. Plants that were forced into flower should now be encouraged to muke free growth, and may be assisted, if well rooted and not over- potted, with a suitable fertiliser. Old or uusightly plants requiring to be cut back, or which may have become bare at the base, should now be taken in hand, and, after a slight growth has been made, repotted, and aflbrded a close and warm treatment for a time- frequently syringing them. All training and tying that is really necessary at this period should now be completed, but avoiding too much training aud staking; and most species and varieties of plants that are grown for the supply of cut flowers will not need any tying in, the knife keeping them within bounds. G. Wythes, Syon House Gardens, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. Seasonable Hints. — The earliest opportunity should be taken of fixing the blinds on all the Orchid- houses, the thicker material being employed to shade the cool-houses, tlie Phalienopsis, and East India house, nnd that of a ligliter texture for the houses in which Catleyas, Liulias, &c., are placed; the thinnest material sufficing for the Mexican Liclias,Barkerias,&c. Roller blinds, running on supporting wooden bars, to keep them at a short distance from the glass, are tlie best, as it is of much importance in the successful culture of the plants that the blinds be only used to exclude the rays of the sun wlienever they are power- ful enough to cause damage. Tlie plants wanting all the light we can aflord them up to that point, materials for painting on the glass as a permanent shauing should only be tolerated where canvas blinds cannot b ; used, and never because of their cheapness, for if it were possible to estimate the difference in the condition of the plants, 'it would be found that the most expensive roller-blinds would, in the end, be the cheapest. James O'Brien. The Flower Garden. Pkepakatioxs lOE Bkddin-o Ol'i. — An anony- mous correspondent writes to me privately: — "I wish that in your Calendar notes in the Gardeners' Chronicle you would give me something ' original.'" Rather complimentary this, to one who does not copy even from his own old notes ! The said corre- spondent then proceeds : — "Tell us how to arruuge bedding plants in a dillerent way to that which has so long prevailed, as I, for one, am tired of whole beds of Pelargoniums, Petunias, Ageratums, and Co- leus." Space will not admit of my quoting him further, and though, as a rule, I take no notice of anonymous communications, this one seems so genuine in respect of desiring information that I make an exception in this case, nnd answer his queries thus punctually that he and others may havo time to prepare the necessary plants for the various arrangements now to be described. Simplicity of March 2, 18S9.J TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 271 design, grent variety, quiet colours, abundance of foliage, and wide stretches of turf, are essentials necessary to the production of lasting beauty in a bedded-out garden, and there is no better way of securing these points— these essentials— than by the adoption of what is called the mixed style of bedding out, i.e., beds planted with a variety of plants, and yet in orderly fashion, so as to liariuonise witli the stiff geometrical form of most bedded-out gardens. I give an example : a circular bed, 7 feet in diameter, the central plant is a o-feet high Grevillea robusta, and round the middle part of the bed, eijui- distant, are six plants of the same, only smaller; the edging of the bed, ti inches in width, is of Me-:enbry- anthemum cordifolium variegatum ; then dotted at regular intervals all over thebed are crimson and rose- coloured tuberous Begonias, and the remainder of ground-work is filled in with white and blue Violas. Another way of treating the same bed would be to have the White, Fish-bone Thistle, Chanucpenuce diacantha, instead of the Grevilleas ; edging of Gnaphalium lanatum, and the remainder of bed to be tilled in with a mixture of blue Ageratum, crimson-coloured tuberous Begonias, and the pink- dowered variegated Tflargoniuni Manglesii. Tlie standards, or what I call sentinel plants, should in all such arrangements itand out conspicuously from the other plants, and it is therefore necessary occa- sionally to press or peg down the bulk of tlie other plants in the bed. My ne.xt example is that of a large square bed. A central square is formed in this bed, and is thinly planted with Fuchsias from 2 to 3 feet in height, the ground beneath them being carpeted with dark and light blue Violas. The four oblong borders formed bv the cutting out of the central square are then cut up into a series of small circles, three on each side, the lines of the figures being formed with the green Herniaria glabra, the small angles are filled out with variegated Mesembryanthemnm,and the circles have each a centre plant of Iresine, and are then filled out with variegated Pelargonium Lady Plymouth. The said small circles look extremely well if edged with the blue Kleinia repens, a central plant of Dracaina australis, and filled out with Leucophyta Brownii. Another and less formal arrangement is that of an oblong bed 14 feet by 8 feet with three straight lines, running the entire length of the bed. There are in the central line five foliage plants, three Aralia Sieboldii, and two Grevillea robusta and on each two outer lines are three variegated Abutilons. The entire bed is then filled in with blue Ageratum, white Violas, pink Pelargonium, and blue Marguerite (Agathea coelestis). The outer edging of the bed con- sists of Gnaphalium lanatum, pegged and pinched ; and the line next to the mixture of plants, and the edging is a band of Iresine 6 inches wide. The foregoing arrangements may, I think, be classed as partaking sufficiently of a formal cha- racter, as to be in perfect keeping with the strictest type of a geometrically laid-out garden ; but those who prefer still less formal mixtures, need have no fear as to their inappropriateness, so long as due regard is paid to having a true balance of mixture of plants and colours over the entire garden, and each bed edged with some distinctive plant, as then each bed looks complete in itself. I shall continue this subject next week. W. Wildsmitli, Heclfidd. Fruits Under Glass. Operations in Peach- houses. — The fruit in the first house will now be about the size of a Walnut, and the thinning of the email and badly placed ones may be continued, leaving more than are sufficient for a crop for the present, to be finally thinned to about 10 inches apart. The evil effects of a tree carrying a too heavy crop are felt in various ways in the next season, so over cropping ought to be avoided. The shoots left for fruiting next year will require to be tied in, but not too tightly, nor so as to be in the way of the fruit. The border should be watered with manure-water, and the trees syringed morning and afternoons at closing time ; and when air is given it should be gradually, and advantage should be taken of sun-heat to close the house while it has the power to raise the temperature. Manage the heatiag appa- ratus so as not to be caught with too much heat in the pipes in the mornings of bright yet cold days. March is proverbially a changeable and trying month for the forcing gardener. 'Whilst the sun has great power to raise the temperature, the wind ia — when blowing from north and east — very pene- trating, and is just as powerful to lower the tempera- ture. The tender foliage of forced plants is very liable to injury if great attention be not paid to ven- tilation. A temperature of 55° to 60° should be kept up at night, aud one of 60° to 65'^ by day, and with sun it may be raised to 80° at closing time. Keep a look-out for red-spider, well syringing the trees to dislodge it; also for greenfly, fumiguting when it is necessary. Sinml House— The. fruit on the trees will be of a lit size to be thinned out somewhat ; attend also to the pinching, disbudding, and thinning of the slioots, giving iiir eurly wlien it is favourable for doing so, closing with sun-heat early in the afternoon. Water tin- border when necessary, using soot, guano, or cow-dung-water alternately, bearing in mind the st;\te of the border, if it" be deep, shallow, well drained, or the reverse, The temperature may range from 50° to 55° by night, and 60° to G5° by day. Follow previous directions as to management. In later houses, where the fruit is set, syringing the trees must be done morning and afternoon. Let the night temperature be 50°, and that for the day 55° to 60° ; attend to disbudding, &c. The follow- ing house is, or soon will be, in bloom, when a tem- perature of -15° at night, and 50*^ by day, will have to he maintained, giving air in favourable weather, and keeping it rather drier when the trees are in flower. Pay attention to the setting of the flowers. Trees in late houses will be swelling their buds, keep them, therefore, quite cool, whilst excluding frost, and let no more moisture be present than is really necessary. Cucumbers. — The plants will be making good progress under the increasing light. Canker may yet lurk at the base of the stems, and it is prudent to sprinkle dry powdery lime and sulphur about that part. A moist atmosphere should be main- tained by damping the paths with water, and some- times with manure-water, syringing, and shutting up early with sun-heat at 65° to 90° ; 70° being the degree of waim'.h at night. With the increase in growth following longer days more water will be required by the plants at the roots, and liquid manure at 85'^ may occasionally be afforded them, or a little of Thomson "s Vine manure, the latter being washed in with clear water. Attend to the training and thinning, cutting off of the old winter leaves as fast as they can be spared, thereby getting rid perhaps of much red-spider. Lay as much young wood in as the trellis will hold, the fruit being the better for it. Pick ofi' male blooms when very numerous and thin out the fruit when in bunches and cut all that are of usable size and stand in a trough of water in the same house. Plant out Cucumber plants in any vacant pits on beds prepared for them, as advised in previous Calendars. Sow a few seeds now and then or strike cuttings under a hand-glass in the same house, these will strike readily. Dungbed. — Frames will require close attention in the matter of airing, covering up at night, &c. ; the lights should be given a good pitch and do not expose the young plants to cold draughts in frosty weather, and even where air is given it should have its force broken by passing it through a strip of muslin or hexagon netting folded once, and fixed over the opening. W. Bennett, Rawjemore, Burton-on-Trent . The Hardy Fruit Garden. CultdealMemobanda. — Where Gooseberry bushes have been left unpruned, owing to birds being troublesome, no time should be lost in getting the operation finished. Let the centre of the bushes be kept open. Remove also suckers from the roots and tup-dress as previously recommended at p. IIL Any late made cuttings which were made and heeled in, should be put into the beds without further delay, in rows 1 foot apart and 6 inches from cutting to cutting, putting them in as fimrily as possible — the ground allotted to them should be in a somewhat shady jiosition. Straivberry Beds. — I am an advocate for cleaning and heavily mulching Strawberry beds as soon as the fruit is gathered and more especially if the soil be of a light or poor description the object being to assist the plants in forming vigorous crowns early in the autumn. All runners and weeds and some of the lower leaves being removed before the manure is put on to the beds. Forkup the alleys lightly to prevent the soil from cracking — the results of much trampling upon it, to allow the water to eoak into the ground ; this is the more necessary on soils which are heavy. Were this method of proceeding carried out in dry seasons afterwards deluging the beds with water, we should doubtless hear much less of barren plants. Any beds which may have not as yet been attended to, should, before growth begins, receive moderately heavy dressing of rotten manure, long stable litter being placed over it. The rains will wash this clean before the ripening of the fruit takes place, and it will nerve to keep tlie fruits clean. Strawberries planted last year should have the earth made firm about them by trampling, choosing dry weather to do this very necessary operation. Young plants in nursery beds, if lifted witli a good ball of earth and planted on well prepared ground ut this season of tlie year, make fine fruiting plants by the end of the year; the flowers of these and also tlip runners as they ai)pear being removed, so as to tiirow the strength of the jdants into the crowns. Ground to be planted with strawberries later on which have been forced should be got in readiness. In my last Calendar the manure recommended as good for Nuts should be "fur waste, and not " fresh waste." This manure is the refuse from skin dressings ; but not from tanned skins, and is considered byall to be a good manure. H, Mark}tQ.m, Mercworfh Castle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. Practical Rejiinders. — Advantage should be taken of the first fine day to get planted out those Peas and Beans which were sown on turves and reared on a hotbed. A drill of sufficient depth to hold the turves should be made, the sods set in and the soil drawn up to within an inch of the tops, the only danger from cold is when it reaches the stems, some Spruce branches (with foliage if possible), should be placed on each side to protect the plants from cutting winds, but not to shade them, and if the permanent stakes are also put in these will materially assist as a shelter. A line of Hound Spinach or Early Milan Turnip, Radish. Lettuce, &c., may be sown between each line. Peas which were sown out-of-doors will bo appearing above ground, and should have the soil round them drawn up and be staked as just recom- mended. The Cauliflowers, Cabbages, Brussels Sprouts, Lettuces, &c., which were sown in heat should now be pricked oft' into boxes, and kept in heat a little longer, or they may be pricked out in a cold frame. The earliest sown Celery should also be pricked out on a gentle hotbed, and every attention given to keep it stocky. Let all arrears of work be brought forward as speedily as possible. Replant Box or other edgings where needed, and any dirty and worn- out walks should be turned over and re-gravelled. Let all hedges be trimmed. Take advantage of bad weather to get a stock of labels ready for seed sowing, the requisite quantities of Pea stakes pointed and sorted into sizes ready for use. Celery still in the trenches should now be lifted, to prevent running to seed ; leave all tho foliage on the plants, but tie up the leaves and place the lieads in an upright position in an open shed, packing them round witli cocoa-nut fibre refuse or leaf- mould. Leeks may also be thus treated. If any scarcity of autumn-sown Onions is likely to arise, small bulbs, to yield green tops should be planted. Onions in store should be inspected, and all unsound bulbs removed, the stock tied up in bunches, and hung in an airy shed facing the north. Seed Potatos should be spread out in the light, out of danger of frost, to sprout. Lift Mint, Tarragon, Sorrel, &g., and place in boxes in a Peach-house or where there is mild heat. Continue to put in as it is required Rhubarb, Seakale, Chicory, and Endive to blanch. Sow some Egyptian Beet to pot off for planting out when all danger of frost is over: also Autumn Giant Cauli- flower, Brussels Sprouts. Lettuce, and Chervil, may now be sown on a warm sheltered border; and anet or other protection should be placed over them to exclude birds. Red-lead powder mixed with petro- leum, and the seeds immersed prior to sowing, is a capital preventative. Some early Potatos may now be planted at the foot of a south wall, or on a favoured spot. When the ground has been ridged the Potatos may be planted in the hollows, and as the plants grow the ridges are levelled down, }V. M. Baillie, Luton Hoo, Luton. 272 THE GAB DE NEBS' CEBONICLE. [MAncn 2, 1880. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular podtion in the paper be guaran- teed for ailvertisemeJits occupyiny less space than an entire column. ' SXTBSCBIBEBS TO ^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE •*- who e.rperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be fonvarded with complaint ). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W. C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Bost-ojpce Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " GARDCIIRON, LONDON." Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. H'.. Third Series, .JULY to DEC. 1888. W. EICHABDS. 41, Wellingeon Street, Strand, W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SALES- MONDAY, TUESDAY, Mio I 1 1-ilies, and Bulbs, at Protheroe & .uiK. i-^ Morris' Rooms. I Greenhouse Plants, Roses, Fru't Trees, &c., at the City Auction Rooms, by Protheroe & Morris. """"■ "■) Final Portion of tlie Barvins Park I Collection of Orchids, at Pro- '., theroe & Morris' Rooms (3 days). WEDNESDAY, Min. f, ( Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, See, at "I Steveus' Rooms. Established Orchids. 20.000 Lilium auratum, from Japan, at Steveus' Mau. 7-( Rooms. Lilies. Roses, &c., at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. TTnrnAV Afm o ( Imported Orchids, at Protheroe i FRIDAY, JllAH. ».} Morris' Rooms. OOREECrED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FRO.M THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 41'.3. During the progress of a long „ P°, , series of investigations into the structure, composition, and growth of the Beech tree. Professor Hartiq had occasion to examine the contents of all parts of the trees at all stages of growth — in young trees and in old, trees grown on poor soil and trees of the most luxuriant habit, some under good and others under bad management. The consequence was that he obtained results as to the amount of food substances, such as starch and proteids, or nitrogenous substances, etc., at variance with our ordinary notions on the subject. It has been customary to assume that the reserve materials, especially starch, which are found stored in the cellular tissue and medvillary rays of the young wood, are annually consumed in order to furnish material for the development of the new crop of leaves of the current year and of the first layers of the annual woody ring ; and it has been further considered that these stores are replenished by new deposits coming from the leaves in full activity during the later part of the summer and in aittumn. Hartig finds, how- ever, in the first place, that very little of the reserve-material is used up in starting the young buds and annual rings, and that the current shoots * On the In/Juence of Seed Production on the Accumulation of Reserve Materials in Trees. B. Hartio. Bot. Central- blatt., 18S8, p. 388, and rings are developed chiefly at the expense of materials directly produced in and sent imme- diately down from the active leaves. He has further found that the total reserves of starch in a Beech fifty years old would not suffice to produce more than .5 per cent, of the normal annual increase ; and that in a tree 100— loO years old the reserves just prior to a flowering year represent about 20 per cent, of the annual increase. This was proved by so pruning trees that their next year's increase was entirely de- pendent on the stores in the trunk. The nitrogenous reserves undergo no such changes as the starch contents in these experi- ments, but remain fairly constant in correspond- ence with the average constancy in the amount of cambium. But it is only when such powerful exhausting forces are employed as those put in operation when trees are utterly deprived of their current year's leaves that it is possible to even nearly use up all the reserve materials. The question then arises — "What is is the use of the stores of reserve materials ? Hartiq suggests in reply to this they are a provision to supply the sudden drain on all resources when what is known as a '■ seed year " occurs. As is well known, such forest trees as the Beech are only capable of producing seeds after some years, and then exhibit a periodicity in their degree of fruitfulness — i.e., for some years they produce few or no seeds, and then suddenly a rich harvest is gathered, and valued because the seeds of such years are not Only abundant, but also strong and good. This view has been confirmed by observing the periodicity in the storage of the food materials, and their exhaustion during a " seed year." The past year (1888) yielded a good harvest of Beech mast, and Hartig investigated trees of the same planting as those examined in 1886 and 1887, and of which he knew the (so to speak) normal condition. He examined both trees which were fruitful this year and trees which bore no seeds. Attention was paid to all such points as uniformity in the height of the speci- men pieces, proper season, identical treatment, and so on. The following facts came out ; — The past cold wet summer had had its effect in a smaller increment of stem growth and breadth of the annual ring ; this in trees which bore no seeds, and the starch reserves of which were found to be normal. In similar trees, but which bore abundance of seeds this year, it was found that the relative proportions of the annual rings this year and last were very different. Thus, whereas in trees fifty years old, and without seed, the breadth of the annual ring of 18S8 was to that of 1887 as 0-82 : 1 ; and in trees a hundred years old as 0S6 ; 1 ; Hartio found with trees bearing seeds that the relative breadth of these rings were much different — in trees 150 years old = 0-355 ; 1 ; in trees 100 years old = 0'470 : 1. In other words, although the season was answerable for a general reduction of the relative breadth of the annual rings in 1883; in the specific cases the rings in those trees which were exhausted by seed-bearing were only half as broad as in the trees not so exhausted. Having thus eliminated the possible source of error due to season, Hajitig then proceeds to com- pare the contents in reserve materials. In all the seed trees he found that from ^ — J of the starch reserves had disappeared, and iti some much more had gone, leaving only small traces behind. Still more striking and convincing was the loss in nitrogen on reserve materials, for whereas he had shown by numerous researches that the trees normally contained 0'2 per cent, of proteids the year before the seeding had exhausted almost every trace of this reserve supply. LiNNEAN Society. — At a meeting held on February 21 Mr. Carruthers, F.K S., President, in the chair, Mr. G. A. Grierson was admitted a Fellow of the Society, and on a ballot having been taken Messrs. Hindmarsh, Kirkby, Lowe, and Morton were elected Eellowa. Mr. George Murray exhibited a fossil Alga, Nematophysus Logani, Carr. Mr. G. C. Druce exhibited some rare British plants from Scotland, amongst which wore Cula- magrostis borealis, Ranunculus acris var. pumilus, and Bromus mollis var. decipiens. Professor Mar- shall Ward exhibited a sclerotium of a fungus produced from a Botrytis spore, and explained the method by which it had been obtained. A papfr was then read by I\tr. F. Townsend, M.P., on " Euplirasia officinalis," with a description of a new sub-species, and a discussion followed, in which the President, Jlr. J. G. Baker, and others took part. la the absence of the author a paper by Mr. C. T. Druery on " Sexual Apospory in Polystichum angulare " was read by the Botanical Secretary, Mr. B. D. Jackson, upon which remarks were made by Mr. Murray and Dr. D. H. Scott. Jlr. Murray then gave the substance of a paper on a new genus of green Algie, proposed to be named Boodlea, and in so doing made some instructive observations on the athnities and distinguishing characters of allied genera. The p.ijter was criticised by Messrs. A. W. Bennett, lie.iy Greene, and D. H. Scott. In continuation of liis researches upon the eyes of insects, Mr. B. T. Lowne gave an admirable exposition of the structure of the retina in the Blowfly, illustrated by prepara- tions under the microscope, and some excellent photographs. — At the evening meeting, on Thursday, March 7, a paper will be read "On the Vascular System of Floral Organs," by the Rev. Georiik Hesslow, F.L.S. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual monthly meeting of the committee took place at the " Caledonian " Hotel on Friday, Fel>. 2'2, Mr. Georoe Deal presiding over a good attendance of members. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, it was reported that the balance at the bank was £435 10s. id. The Secretary also reported that the share of receipts from the benefit perform- ances at the Princess's Theatre was £21 4s. (V/., less a sum of 20s. for printing. A cordial vote of thanks was passed to Miss Grace Hawthorne, the lessee of the theatre, for her kiud co-operation. Mr. Hodges, of Lindfield, Sussex, sent the sum of £5 10s, as the proceeds of a concert on behalf of tlie Fund. In reference to the Covent Garden Fitc in aid of the Fund, a letter was read from Mr. ,T. R. BoniiNE, informing the committee that His Grace tlie Duke of Bedford will feel much pleasure in granting the use of the Flower Market for a second y'cVc, and the Duke consented tliat a price be put upon the tickets, but on the distinct understanding that the whole of the money so obtained will go to the Orphan Fund. Mr. Bourne stated his willingness to afford every facility for carrying out the scheme. It was resolved that a meeting of the market growers should be called at the Ilummum's Hotel, Covent Gar- den Market, on Friday, March 8, at 9 p.m., to request their co-operation in carrying out tMi'fitc ; and for the appointment of a committee of their body to work in conjunction with the committee of the Fund. The Chairman laid before the committee an actuarial com- putation of the capacities of the income of the Fund in relation to placing children upon it, which had been prepared by Mr. A. H. Smee, and it ap- peared from the computation that the committee would not be justified in placing upon the Fund more than five children at the ensuing election in July next. A hearty vote of thanks was given to Mr. Smee for his valuable report. Authority was giveu for the insertion of advertisements announcing the intention to place five children upon Supplement to 'The Gardeners' Chronicle,' March 2'^° 1889 L ' |g||.». .-J ^^^^^^Kjf^'^'^ ' ' ,.^ i Ink PmOTO' SPBAOUt iC iZ MABIiNS tAlE CANHO" S" lONDOK, Views in the Royal Gardens, Kew. March 2, 1889.] THE QABDENER8' CHBONIGLE. 273 the Fund, and invitiu;? applications on behalf of candidates. Subject to bein^ able to obtain the use of the Cannon Street Hotel for the purpose, it was resolved that the annual meeting and election to the Fund should take place on Friday, July 10 next. A hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman concluded the business. Flowers at the Drawing Room.— Madame CatalanTs 0oweis were, we lenrn from a daily journal, the feature of her costume. "She wore a skirt of black satin with over-drapery of guipure lace, caught up at intervals with large sprays of Violets of the dark shade sliown in our English flower and the paler hue seen in the double Kea- politan variety. The berthe of the low bodice was entirely made of Violets arranged with their own foliage. Sleevelets were also entirely covered with these flowers, which, though singly modest, are in masses capable of most etiective display. Bodice and train were of black velvet, the latter lined with satin. Vpon it were placed long thick trails of Violets, and it is only necessary to add that the perfumed blooms were real to convey the charm of so floral an adornment." Ladies, we need not invoke flower-lovers, please don't copy ! — A large bouquet of " Bishop Mann " white trumpet Narciss, simply tied up with its own foliage, and containing nearly a hundred blooms, was sent from Mr. Wm. Baylor Hartland's nursery, at Cork, as an open-air, Irish production, to be worn at Hfr Majesty's Drawing Room at Buckingham Palace, on February 26. It is a remarkable fact, which bears witness to the extraordinary mildness of the winter in Ireland, and it would seem to point to the suita- bility of Southern Ireland for the cultivation of early varieties of Narcissus. New Roses.— In writing of the Tea-scented Rose (Sappho, p. 235, of our last issue), our valued correspondent, " Wild Rose," omitted — as Messrs. W. Paul & Sox, the raisers of this Rose, reminded us — to state that the variety received a Floricultural Certificate of Merit from the Royal Botanic Society. Horticultural Club.— We understand that the usual monthly dinner will be postponed from March 12 to March 26. in order to give the Club the opportunity of welcoming the Dutch gentlemen who will be at the Hyacinth show of the Royal Horti- cultural Society. Emigration to Washington Territory, N.W. America. — We have received the following amusing communication from a correspondent, whose letter we believe to be genuine, and against whose good faith we know nothing ; but while publishing it literatim et verbatiin we must decline to accept any responsibility, and advise anyone who may be induced to accept the invitation, not to make the venture with- out the most careful consideration and the fullest inquiry possible. Our correspondent's name and address, as also that of a referee named by him, living at Newbury, Berks, can be had on application to the Editor :— "I am in want of a synart active vHlUng, healthy boy from 16 to 18, to come here, and learn my busi- ness and as soon as ever he gets man enough to succeed me in the greater part of my out from home day work. Plot gardening and attend with the other men to that work. 1 have all the best work from the leading people of the town and cannot do all & constantly increasing business. If he will give his mind to his work &c. I will make him my partner in 3 or 4 years moreover than that if he is a steady non smoker & non drinker like myself and takes to us, & we to him we will adopt him as our son, having no family ourselves chick or child I am 60. wife 50. he would live with us in comfort and when we dropped off our mortal coil all would be his, he must ^be a protestant like myself & wife I am Berkshire, she is, Derbyshire of respect- able people both of us, I propose to board lodge, &, wish him live with me as a son and child, and give bira 5/- per week pocket money for first 6 months & if I find him a good useful lad 10/- &, so, on &, when he is capable of earning his 10/- per day he may bord or pay us the general rate of board. "I will on the day of landing here make him a present towards his passage monoy of £6 .0.0, and every 3 months £3 .0.0 till the 12 . 11 . 0 £ passage money from Liverpool to here is paid : we will both be a father and, mother to him ; here is a good chance to, make a early fortune for him. I. have one nice man, elderly, living with me from suilblk, the country is bautitul in grandeur und is destined to become a great place, cliuiate is mucii like Berks, Hants, Dorset, Devon, !k,, Cornwall \ inch ice is all we have had this winter, I think when 1 say I am 3.") years this day a member of the English Free Mason Society is quite sullicienfc, Mr. will answer any enquiry about me as a persevering energetic goahead man. Send me along at once a suitable boy no, delay, he will bless his stars ever he came, I shall be very buisy next month building my new house, garden hot houses, &c. I send you guidance lor the lad when coming & what & how to act on way I have sent you one of our weeklies, you will see my weekly contribution to it marked, the enormous sales of Real Estate for building purposes will show you what the place is likely to, be. " Instructions. "Take train to Liverpool, at the station ask for 'John Fry ' Allen Line Agent when you get out of train stay at his house over night 1/- meals 1/- (' com- fortable place ') — bring knife & fork tin cup, & plate, 2 Brown Blankets, &, Pillow, that is all you want to load yourself with, there is plenty food for you on board. I have crossed 3 times in those boats, " Buy some Bread, &, Cheese a little fruit some tea & sugar at Halifax or Portland which ever you laud at, keep buying bread at ' Callandao ' & Win- nipeg . . 6 days Railway Travel generally Direct your Box your name first, then care of Seattle Washn. Terr. U.S.A. via Canada Pacific Uy, see it checked when landing, see it on to the Cars Keep your check till you arrive at Seattle dont fret your luggage will be safe. " Messrs. The Armstrong " Tranfer Co. Seattle. W. T. ' Landing Stage ' " Please tranfer bearer, &, luggage, in 1 Horse express Waggon to my address. Natural History Society of Aberdeen. — The monthly meeting of the members of this Society was held on Tuesday evening, February 19, in the Zoological Laboratory, Aberdeen L^niversity Buildings, and took the form of an exhibition of illustrations of the flora and fauna of the north-east of Scotland, and other rare specimens collected by the members. The president, Mr. John Roy, had on view a complete collection of dried Scotch Ferns and their allies. Mr. Mathers, Aberdeen, showed a collection of Crustacea, remarkable for neatness of handling. The collections of Scotch marine and fresh-water sponges, shown by Messrs. Sim and Giew, were much appreciated. Mr. Laing, of Granton Lodge, sent a rare collection of living plants. A large number of varied objects was shown with the aid of the microscope. The exhibition, which was very successful, was visited by a large number of members and their friends, the room being crowded throughout the evening. The museum of the University was also open to the visitors. Quality of Pears in isss.— A somewhat interesting phenomenon has presented itself this winter (says Mr. Alfred 0. Walker, in a recent communication), which seems to point to the influence of a hot July and August extending not only to the quantity, but also to the quality of the fruit borne in the following summer. It will be fresh in the recollection of your readers that while these months were hot and dry in 1887, they were the reverse in 1888. Yet at least two varieties of Pears that in the former year were worthless (as they usually are with me), have, this year, been decidedly good. These are Josephine de Malines, and a long narrow Pear which I take to be Bishop's Thumb. The former I am now eating, the latter is just finished, and was really delicious both as regards juiciness and flavour, though I never remember its being even eatable before. Both were grown on pyramids. Other Pears, and some Apples, were at least as good, and some better, than usual this year. KEW NOTES. [See SirppLKMENTARY Sheet.] With the present issue, we lay before our readers a supplementary illustration, showing two views in the Royal Gardens, taken on our behalf last autumn. The one is a view across the lake in tlie Pleasure Grounds, looking towards Sion House, and in which the tall Poplars in the foreground form an admirable contrast to the horizontal lines of the building. The lower view shows one of the iiuiny bits in the new rockery — a delicious bay in which as it seems the hori- zontal rock strata have in former ages been hollowed out by a cataract, in course of ages diminished to a tiny fall, which now trickles over the edge, moistening the rocks on either side, and forming a miniature bog at the bottom. Such, we take it, was the intent of the designer, and if objection be raised that the realisa- tion is small in extent for so great a conception, it must be pointed out that this is but one of many similar nooks. Yuccas crown the summit. Saxifrages bedeck the rock-faces ; the bog is filled with Primula, Roses, Heaths, Myrica Gale, and a profusion of similar subjects. Thr Rockery. — This is a delightful spot even in midwinter, and its keeping is such, that while there is no sense of untidiness and neglect, there is no obtrusive sweeping and raking such as are prone to flay the beauty from such places and in an exaggerated love of tidiness to kill the tenants. The Bamboos have not suffered nor the quaint Aciphylla, so curious a contrast to the Euphorbia myrcinites. The pink tips of Rhodiola sibirica are delightful to look on, and still more so in the anti- cipations they provoke of other delights to come. The Hellebores are hardly so fine as usual. Leu- coium vernum, Snowdrops, and Scilla bifolia catch the eye, but Crocuses are late. Among plants that seem to demand special notice, we note : — Narcissus minimtis. — This is the first Daffodil of the season in the open air, and in the rockery a nice little clump at the base of an old wall looks charm- ing, and speaks of better times coming. This little clump has been in full bloom for a week or more, but nearly a month ago we noticed two solitary flowers, fully open, at the base of an east wall shel-' tered, of course, from cold east winds, but still in the open air. These early flowering Daffodils are all the better for a little shelter, because, although hardy enough in every way, Uieir flowers are often dis- figured if exposed to cold winds. Mr. Dewar tells us he lifted a clump of Corbularia nivalis from the open ground in full bud, the seeds of which were sown four years ago, and now in a cold frame they are a perfect little picture. N. palUdus priecox is showing bud, and if the weather proves at all mild will soon open their flowers. Cyclamen Coitm and C. ihericuui, both very charming plants, and with the addition of what are known as the Atkinsii varieties, form a fine little varied group of spring flowers, indispensable alike for the rockery and for pots for the alpine-house. Mr. Baker, in his synopsis of the Cyclamen in the Gardeners' Chronicle^ March 10, 1883, says in a note :— " We owe several fine garden varieties to the eflbrts of J\Ir. Atkins, of Painswick, of which the best known is C. Atkinsii, Lemaire, Jard. Flcur., t. 297, a form with large pure white flowers, with a bright-coloured purple spot at the base of each segment." This note is under C. ibericum, and that is the species to which we have always understood the Atkinsii forms belonged, the leaves of which are distinctly zoned with white. Among forms of spring Cyclamen received lately from nurservmen under the name of Atkinsii many, we are informed, had beautifully zoned leaves, but others also with similar flowers had the small dark green, orbicular leaves of C. Coum, not zoned and neither lobed nor toothed. Mr. Atkins probably raised all his seedlings between C. Coum and C. ibericum from one seed-parent, viz., C. ibericum, and hence the greater likeness to that species; but since Mr. Atkins' time thousands of seedlings have been raised from both parents, and it may be seen 274 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. L^Urch 2, 1889. how easily the raisers, seeing substantially similar flowers, should send them out as Atkinsii varieties; This, of course, is not at all unusual in hybridising; indeed, nearly all the intermediate links between two species may be had from one sowing. Primula pubescens and others being striking instances of this sort of variation. Mr. Atkins, who watched these Cyclamen carefully, found that if kept apart from each other they could be raised true from seed, but when grown together were certain to hybridise. It will no doubt be difficult now to find out who raised these Coum forms, but it would avoid con- fusion in future if some distinctive garden name were given them. Vernal Snowfiake. — Next to the Xmperati forms of Crocus, we think this Leucoium one of the most beautiful of all vernal bulbous plants. We are, however, rather puzzled with the names L. vernum and L. carpathicum ; the latter is not mentioned in Nicholson's Blctiojiar// at all, and although we have always understood that the Carpathian variety was most common with two flowers, the figure in JBot. Mag., 1903, is quoted, and called biflorum. We liave been lately looking at a large number of flowers, the bulbs bought in the trade as the common form ; some have green tips, some yellow tips, others yellow-green tips, and indeed all the shades between yellow and green may be seen in any large batch. However this may be, they are splendid bulbs for the rock garden, and at the present time form one of the chief attractions in the Kew rockeries, and, in par- ticular, one patch, the bulbs of which have been planted in a clump of Saxifrage cuneifolia, which forms a fine groundwork, and helps to protect the bulbs. It looks well mixed with Scilla bifolia ; both flower at the same time. Anemone blanda ( Winter IVindfiower) is certainly one of the most charming spring flowers at present on the rockery at Kew. It has been flowering more or less for the last month, but only within the last few days have all the blooms opened and at mid-day it is certainly a lovely picture. It is very nearly allied to A. apennina, the flowers, however are larger, fewer, and more finely rayed, and of a deeper blue. In many ways is this species superior to the Apen- nine plant, it begins to open its blooms soon after Christmas, and continues usually until apennina begins flowering, so that for spring work it is indis- pensable. It is perfectly hardy, and however severe the frost, even after the blooms have opened, it does not seem to suffer in the least. A cool shady spot on the rockery or where to be had in quantity for uncultivated spots, shrubberies, &c., it is certainly one of the best early spring flowering plants we know. It increases rapidly and may be divided to almost any extent. Rhododendron Collettianuni. — To see the above plant perched on the top of what purports to be an old wall, and where the soil does not seem over plentiful, is very curious, after what we have been taught about the making of Rhododendron beds. But such, we are told, is the position chosen by the flnder of this new plant, it having been found in similar places on the ridges of SIkaram and Shendtoi, Afghanistan, from 10,000— 13,000feet. It commences at near the limit of trees in these regions, and is found mixed with masses of Juniper, forming quite large thickets. It seems a wery sturdy plant, and seems hardly likely to exceed a couple of feet in height, even in rich peaty soil, where we have seen it growing for two or three years. It will doubtless be taken advantage of to hybridise with many of our large and beautiful flowered species for hardiness and dwarf character. The Alpine House. — It is just possible, however, that some visitors may feel their love of plants a little interfered with by north-east winds and whirl- ing snowflakes. Kew — catholic, cosmopolitan, com- prehensive Kew— provides amply for the need of sucli folk. If driven from the Kockery by stress of weather, the Alpine-liouse is a very little way off, and this is full of floral treasures —Primroses, Narcissi, hybrids and'species ; Cyclamens, Crocuses, Hepaticas, Helle- bores, among the latter, one with almost pure white flowers, with only a few spots at the base of the seg- ments (H. guttatus var.), H. punctatus, H. abchasicus, etc. Primula obconica, Mr. Dewar finds requires to be grown on without check in a big pot, and not allowed to'get'pot-bound. Epidendrum citrinum is a very deli- cately-coloured species that seems quite amenable to pot culture. This Alpine-house has proved a great success, and, we should hope, may be greatly extended in the future with a rockery at one end. One thing, however, we hope will not be done. A gardener often begins with a hand-light, goes on to a frame, then proceeds to a greenhouse — something to keep the frost out then becomes a desideratum, and so on. We would fain hope that this ten- dency will not be allowed to have sway in the Kew alpine-house. We have never met with hot- water ]tipes in the fissures of the rocks in the Alps, and we should deem them equally out of place in this particular house, which should be allowed to remain an example of what can be done by a little shelter only without other artificial aid. There are plenty of warm greenhouses and similar structures at Kew to suit the requirements of plants that demand more coddling than the alpines. The Show House, No, 4. — This is a house always kept gay as an attraction to the general public, and as a bait held out to tempt some of tiiem to jdunge more deeply into the delights of botany. Here are a few of the show things: — Camellias, Azalea amcena and indica, Primula sinensis, Nar- cissus, various species ; Strobilanthes isophyllu, Cinerarias, Poinsettias, Lachenalias, Arums {they do not call them Lilies at Kew!), Lily of the Valley, Allium neapolitanum. Hyacinths, Muscaris Cestrum elegans, Forsythias, Lilacs, Amaryllis Astilbe, Staphylea colchica, Cliveas, Rhododendron Countess of Haddingdon, and m.iny more, the whole giving a gardener the idea what he ought to or might have in his conservatory at this season. The plan of showing plants in batches is a good one for instructional purposes, and displays and fixes the character of the respective plants better than if they were scattered. We do not remember to have ever seen such a group of Bletia hyacinthina before. This system of grouping, too, affords excellent scope for the manifestation of taste in association, and contrast in form and colour. As carried out at Kew it has many advantages, but it might prove too formal and patch-work like in a private establish- ment. In the Orchid-houses the plants are looking well, but we must confine ourselves to the mere mention of a few names of some of those in flower: — Oncidium splendidum, cucullatum, Ccelogyne cris- tata, Dendrobium nobile, var. nobilius, Wardi- anum, Findlayanum ; Lycaste Skinneri, Pleione humilis, Cattleya Percivaliana, Lrelia cinnabarina, a nice group of the smaller Masdevallias, such as triangularis, melanopus, polysticta, ignea, pulvinaris, &c.; Odontoglossum cirrosum, Rossi, triumphans, pulchellum, maculatum; Ada aurantiaca, Gomeza Barkeri, Phalajnopsis Stuartiana, Sanderiana, Cypripedium Boxalli, concolor, barbatum, politum, villosum, venustum ; Aerides vandarum, Vanda Amesiana, Trias picta with its curious Stapelia-like flowers ; Angriecum hyaloides, a little gem. Many more might be cited, but a catalogue is dreary read- ing. Our object will be gained if we can induce the plant lover to go and see for himself, and we have said enough to show that he will find ample com- pensation at Kew even against keen wind and hover- ing snowflakes. Fruit Register. JERSEY APPLES. YocK correspondent, " X. Y. Z.," iu last Saturday's issue of the Gardeners^ Chronicle, expressed tlie desire to become better acquainted with some of tlie varieties of Apples I cultivate, niid I am not sur- prised that some of them are not well known, but when I inform him that my nurseries have been established since 1816, and that my father and predecessor was an ardent horticulturist, never tired of collecting varieties of fruit, especially Apples and Pears, for which this climate is so well suited, he will easily understand that the collection grown in them is extensive and varied. The pretty little Apple Api panache is one of them, the sister varieties being Api rose and Api noir ; they are so pretty that they are sold in Paris and other French markets packed in coloured paper and neat little boxes, in a manner so well known to the French dealers in selling their produce. They take a profit when the more [query lessj matter-of-fact Saxon lets it pass by as useless. Tliere is more in the appearance of these pretty little fruits than in their fhtvour. but tliey give variety to a dessert, although thty may not compare with Cox's Orange Pippin, Cornish Gilliflower, and liibston Pippins, which are so much more acceptable to Englisli taste. Belle du Bois is a fine, large, round French Apple, whicli keeps well, and is excellent as a culinary fruit. The same may be written of Belle du Havre and Calville St. Sauveur, with the addition that both of these are acceptable as dessert fruits when well ripened ; they keep well, and become yellow wlien well matured. White Doctor is a fair-sized Apple, of good quality, but is liable to become mealy if kept too long. Elletson's Prize Apple is a beautiful fruit, flat, angular iu shape, and very prettily coloured. I have fruits of it by me at the present time. The Faii'y Apple is a variety of Crab, larger and flatter than the Siberian aud Tartarian, and quite acceptable as a desseit fruit on account of the tart- ness of its flavour. Borovitsky is the same Apple as is grown in Cornwall under the cognomen of Sops in Wine. A Cornish friend residing here says he prefers it to liibston Pippin, but I do not : hence there is an allowable difference of opinion as regards good Apples. Grosse Caisse, as its name implies, is a large culinary Ap])le. Jacques Lebel is one of the very finest Apples grown ; it is not a late keeping sort, but its fine size and beauty of colour aud form tend to make it a great favourite; tlie tree is a vigorous grower, and abundant bearer. Hammond's Jersey Pippin, Saunder's Pippin, and Mallet's Guernsey Pi])pin, are all three Channel Island vaiic- ties, raised by devotees to fruit culture half a centuiy since, and still, like the Old Golden and Count of X^'ick Pippins, which they somewhat resemble, worthy of continued culture. Reinette Franche d'Espagne resembles Terwin's Goliath, and is a big Apple, and not an abundant bearer. Vermilion d'Espagne is a very highly coloured fruit, of medium size and beautiful form ; it needs only to be seen by pomologists to attract their admiration. This last, with Red Astrachan, is one of the most beautiful of early Apples, but differing both in form and tex- ture. There is an endless variety of beautiful varie- ties of Apples. C. B. Saitndn-i'. The Herbaceous Border. THE FLORISTS' VARIETIES OF PYRE- THKUM ROSEUM. It is considerably over half a century since the parent of this popular species was introduced from the Caucasus, and it shows in a remarkable degree what may be achieved by the florist by careful and continual selection. Since Salter first turned his attention to the improvement of the then few varie- ties, the plants have undergone a complete change of character, and from a simple single flower we have now among the double v.arietie3 the Anemone- flowered, ijuilled, and flat floret forms, and all the intermediate sliades of coloui', from pure white to deep crimson. Although the single varieties are not so diversified in form, they have more shades of colour than the doubles. The Pyrethrum is now slowly but surely making its way into favour, and enormous quantities are to be met with in trade establishments where hardy plants are a specialty. As border plants they are very useful, for, after being thoroughly established, Mabch 2, 1889.] THE 0ARDENEB8' CHBONICLE. 275 they are well able to take care of themselves, but they may be more successfully cultivated in beds entirely devoted to them, so that the little attentiou they need is not so liable to be overlooked. If the grower intends to exhibit, this system will be found specially suitable. Attempts to grow them in pots for indoor decoration has resulted in question- able success, as they soon become weak. Wherever cut flowers are in demand they prove them- selves invaluable, retaining their freshness for twelve or fourteen days in a cool dry room, and on account of their long stems they are specially ser- viceable for filling tall vases, &:c. Tlie culture is simplicity itself. The best time to procure the plants is from February to Oclober, and they will thrive in any ordinary soil if it is in good heart. The ground for beds should be thoroughly prepared by deep digging and working in enough rotten manure to give the plants n good start. If it be intended to let them remain three or four years in the same position, plant at IS inches apart. Deep planting and slugs are the two great foes to success. They should be planted exactly level with the collar, and the soil made llrm all round ; if the crown is covered, failure is certain. Slugs are most likely to attack the young crowns as they appear, and hand- picking is the surest way to exterminate this pest. A slight sprinkling of equal parts of soot and freth slaked lime may also be dusted over the roots. At the beginning of May the plants will have made several inches of growth, and may be staked. As soon as the first flowers are getting past and un- sightly, cut them down to within 6 inches of the ground, and if dry give a good soaking of water; slightly prick the surface, and spread a light coat o( rotten manure over the bed, and in two or three weeks thej' will commence to throw up a second crop of flowers, and will go on flowering until late in the autumn. On no account attempt to protect them in winter, as this excites early growth. Propagation is best done by division, either early in April or after the flower-stems are cut down in August, and it is from these young plants that the finest flowers are obtained for the exhibition board ; they may also be raised from seed, but seed of the doubles is rarely obtained here. The singles on the other hand yield a fair proportion of seed in all average seasons, and where the strain is good one or two telling flowers may be obtained from a good packet of seed. Seed may be sown in the open as soon as ripe, the young plants remaining in the seed-bed during the winter to be planted out a foot apart in the following April, or sowing may be done in spring and the young plants put out as soon as they can be handled. These will flower well the next sea&on. Those sown in the autumn will flower the following June. A list of the beat varieties in each section is here given. Double Varieties. — The following will be found really good exhibition flowers : — J. N. Twerdy, brilliant red-tipped with gold ; Flore, blush ; Gustave Heitz, rosy-pink ; Progress, dark red ; Lischen, lilac-rose ; AJAx, rosy-red : Melton, brilliant crimson; Aphro- dite, purest white ; Haage et Schmidt, bright car- mine ; Voie Lact6e, delicate flesh ; Figaro, rose-lake ; Chamoise, chamoise-yellow ; Minerva, soft rose-pink ; Placida, peach ; Cleopatra, yellow and white ; Nemesis, rose, tipped crimson ; Dante, rosy-orange ; Aurora, sulphur, yellow centre. Anemone-flowered Varieties. — Seldom met with as at their best they are valued for their quaintness rather than beauty : Sulphureum plenum, white, yellow centre ; Anemoniflorum sanguineum, rosy- carmine, white centre ; elegantissimum, purple, yellow centre ; Marguerite d'Anjou, rose, blush centre; Prince of Wales, purplish crimson, orange centre ; Endymion, soft peach ; Charles Baltet, deep rose-pink, yellow centre. Single Varieties. — Nearly all of this section are of recent introduction. The best are — Hamlet, rich pink ; Neville Goodman, rose-cerise ; Orlando, brilliant red; Princess of Wales, flesh ; Ferdinand, cherry-rose; Tasso, the most brillant of all; Ma- thilda, pure white ; Margaret More, delicate blush ; Sherlock, criuison-acarU-t ; Kuby, rosy-purple ; Koseum, rosy-blush ; George Wallace, vermilion- red ; Mrs. Bateman Brown, carmine-crimson, the finest single Pyrethrum grown ; Darwin, cherry-red, F. Giford. DISEASE OF SNOWDROPS. POLVACTIS GALANTIIINA, B. and Br. NoMKaous correspondents have during the last week or two complained of, aiiil forwarded examples of diseased Snowdrojts. In several instances the disi'ase was first noted directly after the snow t>ud.lenly melted a fortnigtit ago, the rotting of the Snowdrops and growth of the fungus had taken pUce beneath the snow, and the disease was not observed before the snow fell. The fungus growth X^'ou^o^ X_ftOO Fig. 49.— disease of sn'owdrops (polyactis oalan- thina ; x 400 diam). was close to the ground, but in many instances it extended from the ground-line downwards well into the bulb ; in a less number of examples the fungus covered all the plant above ground. In badly attacked bulbs the substance had become soft and pulpy, whilst the leaves and buds were covered with a pale brownish flocculence which ultimately became whitish. Under the microscope the fungus is seen to be a Polyactis, and I take it to be the fungus dearcribed by Messrs. Berkeley and Broome in the Annals of Xatui-al Histon/, for May, 1873, as Polyactis galan- thina, with which it agrees in the size of the spores. The original material was received from Mr. G. F. Wilson, and the fungus is described as affecting the outer coats of the bulb, and " very destructive." Per- haps Mr. Wilson will kindly give us his experience. The accompanying illustration (fig, 49) shows a Snowdrop attacked by the fungus, and the fungus itself, the latter enlarged 400 diameters. The fungus is an ally of Polyactis vulgaris, illustrated in tiie Gardcnjr.-i' Chronicle for February G, 1866, and of the fungus of the Lily disease. The disease of Tulips mentioned in last number of Gardeners' Chronicle IS also identical with the disease ofLiliea (see Gardeners' Chronicle, August 18, 1S8S). The disease of Ilumea is also identical. Worthington G, Smith, Dunstable. Florists' Flowers. •- — PEIIPETUAL FLOWERING CARNATIONS. Wk have but few flowering plants so really useful and BO universally admired as these Carnations, and not only is this the case during the autumn, but also in winter and spring, for a Carnation bloom is always welcomed whenever it can be had. Unfortunately we do not at present possess many really first-class fragrant winter flowering Carnations. This is to be regretted, for, although bright and beautiful, their value would be considerably enhanced were they all sweet-scented. Fragrance, moreover, one expects to find in a Carnation almost as much as in a Rose, but such expectations often meet with disappointment. Another disappointing circumstance about these Carnations is the large additions which of late years have been made to the lists which have no claim to be placed in the perpetual section at all, and though some of them have very beautiful flowers these are but sparingly produced, and at long intervals. A year or two since when taking up the cultiva- tion of these flowers, there was got together a large collection of the very cream, but a large proportion of these have been discarded, and others are await- ing a like fate. Among these I may name Souvenir de Breyer, Louise Chr<5tien, James Metral, Magnifica, of which I have not seen even a passable bloom after three seasons, and my plants are large bushes in 8-inch pots ; Alex Regnier and Tussot's Yellow, a most delightful tone of soft primrose yellow, but very poor flowering, and in habit a perfect rambler j White Swan, another rambler, rarely flowering before 4 feet or more of growth has been made ; Empress of Germany Jean Sisley, and others ; a decided im- provement on the last-named is Suzana Pellet, although its peculiar colour does not recommend it. In Indian Chief we have a crimson-flowered Clove- scented Carnation, but the bloom invariably bursts its calyx, and it is diflicult to find two flowers alike, it is, moreover, a weakly grower ; although at the same time a continuous tiloomer. For good free flowering Tree Carnations of decided colour, and fragrant flowers there is still pltnty of room, and growers of these plants for market pui'poses are always ready to purchase a stock of promising kinds. Among the best, Miss Jolifle must always hold a foremost place, and the variety which displaces this one will need to assert its superiority pretty decidedly before our best Carnation growers will part with their old favourite, which is pleasing in colour, shape, and fragrance, and it is undoubtedly the most popular Carnation of this class in commerce. For a pure fragrant white we must look to Mdlle. Carle, which is free-flowering and continuous, and a long way ahead of any other white variety; when well grown it is very free, as many as three dozen buds being apparent at one time on plants in 8-inch pots. In scarlet we must still look to A. Alegatierre for vivid colouring, perfection in form, freedom of flowering, and vigorous constitution ; were this variety sweet-scented, it would hardly be possible to improve upon it. If greater variety be needed, Andalusia, yellow ; Irma, rose ; Laura, salmon-pink, and fringed ; Mrs. Llewellyn, rose-magenta, a brilliant flower and excellent grower ; Le Zouave, brick-red, splashed scarlet, should be chosen, though in my opinion it is far better where flowers are of the first import- ance to grow batches of the best kinds rather than an assortment. Taken as a whole. Carnations are by no means satisfactory this season, owing to the con- 276 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 2, 1889. tinued absence of sun last year ; and, as a result, neither flowers nor cuttings for producing a supply of plants for the autumn and winter ensuing are any- thing approaching their usual standard of quality ; the maggot, too, has in some districts made great havoc. The time is now upon us for the propagation of the plants. Cuttings of these as well as many other plants root more readily when fresh growth is apparent, and the best cuttings of perpetual flowering Carnations are those produced upon the flower-stems ; for example, of those plants which furnished blooms up to and prior to Christmas. Many growers prefer cuttings of 2 or 3 inches in length, but if these persons knew the value of 6-inch cuttings, or even longer ones, they would abandon those of lesser size. We all seek to obtain the best plants possible in a short space of time ; therefore, I consider it a point gained to allow the cuttings to attain 6 or even 8 inches in length, as then the chances of loss from damping off are less, and when the cutting is rooted you have a plant which, by careful treatment first, and liberal treatment by-and-by, will make a specimen in an 8 or 9-inch pot by the autumn. Cuttings with a li^el attached are always preferable, and are pos- sessed of greater stability that those cut to a joint. An American writer, in a contemporary, recently stated the knife to be fatal to the Carnation cutting, though many will be able to prove the contrary. For myself I do not use it more than lam obliged, believing a cutting with heel to be far safer for the reason above stated : this is particularly applicable to spring cuttings ; autumn cuttings rooting readily enough cut to a joint ; indeed I rooted several hundreds thus treated last autumn, and which have recently been shifted into 4S's, a loamy rather sandy soil, and well drained pots, is all these plants will need ; plunge the cutting pots in a gentle bottom-heat of about 65^, give one thorough watering at first, and afterwards water with great care. Kemove the lights at night from the cuttings — this will dispel damp and hinder the growth of certain fungi that revel in damp surroundings better than anything else. E. Jenkins. The Calceolaria. — Early in the year there is considerable difficulty in our own case in obtaining sufficient space in the greenhouse or heated pits for these plants, and unless they have space enough to develope their foliage the prospects of a good bloom are doubtful. The month of March is rather a critical time for Calceolarias. As a rule during the two previous months the temperature is low, and sunlight wanting; before the middle of March we have, as a rule, drying winds, with sudden bursts of sunshine, and such plants as the Calceolaria and Cineraria suffer more than some other herbaceous plants. It is, therefore, well to have some light shading ready, and if the sun causes the large leaves to become flabby it should be put into use. The path and stages of the house at such times may be made moist. Many growers of these plants, finding that they grow well and make very large leaves in a rich compost and with plenty of space for the roots, do not seem to know when to say " Hold, enough ; " and as a matter of fact it is easy to overdo them in this respect. A fifth, or at most a fourth part of well decayed cow and stable-manure added to the loam, and a fair proportion of leaf-mould and sand, make a sufficiently rich compost. I have recently heard of several failures with Calceolarias and Cinerarias, and in most of the instances the failure appeared to be due to the use of artificial manure in excess. I never use any such for the plants ; and if it has to be used because of the want of farmyard manure, it is better to err on the side of too little than too much. If the best of specimens are required for exhibition the plants must not only have ample space, but they should be placed uear to the roof-glass, and be kept in a light airy place devoid of draughts. When greenfly and mildew are more than usually troublesome, it is most likely due to the fact that the plants have not been well cared for. Where the plants have not yet been put into their flowering pots this ought to be done at once, care being taken to avoid bruising the leaves. Calceolarias do not mind if the temperature should fall as low as the freezing point, but it is not desir- able that it should fall thus low when the flower- stems have grown considerably, inasmuch as the plants do not suffer when in leaf only, they may be seriously checked at this period. It is of importance that the plants be kept free from greenfly and mildew, and that means should be taken to destroy both enemies of good culture without delay. It may be remarked that seedling Calceolarias are more vigorous, and require larger pots to flower in, than those raised from divisions of the old plant or by cuttings. J. Douglas. NURSERY Notes. ORCHIDS AT HEATON, BRADFORD. Mb. J. Charlesworth's establishment at Bradford has now become an important centre for hand- some Orchids, imported direct from their native habitats by that indefatigable collector Mr, W. Hennis, who has been attached to the firm ever since it started some years ago. The homes of the Cattleyas, La^lias, and Odontoglossums are the sources mainly drawn upon, and with healthy, chiefly unflowered specimens of these the greater part of the neat and convenient block of houses may be said to be filled, the whole of the stock being iiighly creditable to the grower Mr. R. Eichel. For Orchids generally, and especially for Cattleyas and Odontoglossums, the air of this pretty suburb of Bradford seems very" suitable, and the flowers com- prised in the grand display of imported Cattleya Trianai now open and in bud for the first time in England, have a brightness of colour and a firmness of substance which would excite the envy of any- one who has to flower his plants in winter in fog- haunted districts. There is also a fine lot of Cattleya Percivaliana in bloom ; C. nobilior, and some ex- ceptionally large-flowered and richly spotted C, ame- thystoglossa, C. citrina is here well grown in an intermediate-house, although some consider the species does better in the cool-house. Mr. Eichel says, that in northern counties they will not do so well in a cool as in an intermediate-house. In another division of the intermediate-houses, Oncidium sar- codes, O. bifolium majus, 0. Krameri, O. maculaturn Russellianum, 0. Weltonii, and others are in flower and bud, as well as some Epidendrum Wallisii and the pretty E. Stamfordianum. In stock there are large quantities of Cattleya Sanderiana, C. Mendelii, and many of the showiest Liclias and Cattleya. In the warm-houses a good selection of Cypripe- dium was observed, as C. Morgans, with five growths ; C. vexillarium, with thirteen ; C. superbiens, with twenty; and the unique C. concolor chlorophyllum, with three growths. Among these, C. Leeanum, C. Spicerianum, C. euryandrum, C. ChanLJni, C. llar- risianum, and others are in flower. In the same house with these were some healthy plants of Phahv- nopsis Stuartiana, P. Schilleriana, P. Sanderiana, At'rides Godefroyic, A. Leonisa\ and other Aerides and Vandas pushing spikes. The cool-houses contained some thousands of Odontoglossum crispnm and 0. Pescatorei of the best type, some being in bloom — other species in bloom were O. llarryanum, O. Rossii majus, O. Cervantesii O. C. decorum, O. Edwardii, U. scep- trum, 0. Oerstedii (with eight spikes), and a showy lot of Lycaste Skinneri, and amongst them L. S. alba. The new Cattleya Hennisiana, which has the growth of a vigorous C. Skinneri, was in bloom ; it exhibits great variety of colour and form. One plant had a spike of flowers like a richly coloured C. Skinneri, but the major part of those which have flowered (nearly a dozen in all) have been wiiite with a faint blush tint and a lip rose-veined ; the plant is apparently a winter flowerer, and is well worthy of being included in collections, Just arrived, too, are fine importations of Odontoglossum Ilallii, O. Edwanlii, 0. cirrosum, and Oncidium ma- cranthum, which Mr. Charlesworth himself selected in their native habitats, his enthusiasm for Orchids having led him to undertake a journey for the purpose of observation as much as of collecting. Messrs. H. Low & Co. Pi/i/f/m/i. Wagneriana. — A number of plants of this pretty Orchid are now in flower at this nursery at Clapton. In habit P. Wagneriana is like P. fragrans, but it is rather slenderer than that species, and its flower pure white with an orange-coloured eye, the segments being wavy at the edge. It is fragrant, and is a good plant to supply cut flowers. The Phalrenopsis and Cattleyas at Clapton are likewise making a good show. Ci/pripcrhidu Argus. — The half-dozen houses set apart for the Cypripediums have many good things in flower and bud in them, but none is handsomer than C. Argus, of which a large number is in flower. Some of the flowers of the varieties have very broad petals heavily blotched with dark chocolate colour, and closely approaching those of a fine C. a. Jloensii. Angrcecum citratum. — Many hundreds of spikes ol this pretty white Orchid embellish the plants, making a display not easy to describe. Those con- templating a visit should go while these last good, as alone they are well worth seeing. Home Correspondence. t^° Correspondents wilt greatly oblige by sending early intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to our readers^ or of any inatters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of remarkablf plants, trees, 4'C., are also solicited. PLANT COLOUR.— At p. 182 Mr. Burbidge draws attention to the development of colour in plants ; and, judging by the light of practical expe- rience, I think that some of his suggestions are somewhat wide of the mark. The means by which colour is developed or transmitted to certain parts of a plant is certainly one of the greatest mysteries of plant-life. Mr. Burbidge suggest that by cultiva- tion and cross-fertilisation colour may be transposed from one part of a plant to another. Now, if this is the case, we might expect to obtain plants with stems, leaves, and flowers of a uniform colour, but, so far as I am aware, no such results have yet been obtained. My experience of cross-fertilisation is that colour in flowers may be changed without affect- ing the foliage. We have evidence of this in the Chinese PrimuKi. In cross-fertilisation the result, as a rule, is that the progeny will favour the pollen- plant in the colour of flowers, and the seed-bearing plant in habit and colour of foliage. It appears to me that cultivation rather temls to fix colours, otherwise we should not possess such distinct localising of colour as is to be found in many florists' flowers. Mr. BuibiJge speaks of gardeners having a partiality for red colour in leafage ; this is easily explained. The sun being an important factor in the development of colour, the bronzy red tint is direct evidence tliat such plants have been growing in an exposed position, and, consequently, are well matured, and will succeed better than those that have been growing in a shady position, and which are much greener. Although I have had consider- able experience in growing Primulas, I have not dis- covered that those with red leaf-stalks are less liable to damp ofV than those with green ones; on the contrary, double red varieties are more difficult to manage than the white varieties. There is little analogy between red as found in Beet, Beech, Hazel, &c., as quoted, and red produced by exposure to the sun only. A. H. With every desire to oblige Mr. Burbidge, I am yet afraid that we have got on to the discussion of a topic which has little practical inteust or value, especially when it is made to take such an erratic range. Here, for instance, do we find the red-8talked Primulas quoted as being 1 ardier than Maucii -J, 1889.J THE GABDENElfS' GIIBONTGLE. 277 white stalked oiu's, and yet green Cabbages are Huoted as being niure robust than red ones ; whilst lurther on we are involved in a maze with respect to floral reversions. Messrs. Pope & tions give valuable evidence against my contention with respect to the Iiaidiness of Chinese Trimroses. What have the market growers of tens ot thousands ot red and white kinds annually to say in the matter ? I decline to admit that the old double white, or its finer form, alba grandiflora, are delicate. They are, by those who understand them, grown into tine plants literally in myriads every year, very largely excel- ling in quantity all the sorts which are mitlV, ditlicult to propagate and grow— all the other red-stemmed, or other kinds in cultivation. That illustration will not do at all. If the red Dutch Cabbage is not so big-headed as the green Drumhead, it has for its dimensions, got far more in it. There is the dark- leaved Sweet William, for instance, very much more robust growing and has far liner leafage than have the green-leaved kinds, but then it does not withstand hard weather so well. Again as to Celery, there is absolutely none hardier than is a true stock of the dwarf white Incomparable. As to reversions no amount of illustration can induce me to believe that double flowers are sucli. They may be abnormal, and even monstrous hotanically speaking ; but are far removed from being reversions. With respect to Potatos, a dissertation as to the relative connec- tion between colour in tubers, in foliage, and in flowers, where, so far as my experience goe.=, there is no absolute regularity of character, and all is caprice, would be but a waste of time. Life is too short to indulge in chimeras, at least it is for the gardeners. Those pleasantly placed, as Mr. BurDidge is, may have ample opportunity for their elucida- tion Since I first wrote on this subject in these pages I have had many letters from amateur and pro- fessional gardeners interested in the question. I have hitherto looked at plant colour from the standpoint of evolution, considering it as a progressive and upward movement, aided, even if not originated, so far as the floral leaves are concerned, by insects of many kinds. That insects have assisted in the evolutionary progress of flowers, in form as well as in colour, is now a generally accepted opinion, but against this notion we find not a few exceptions. Kven if we grant that colour, apart from honey or pollen, does attract insects, and that bright coloured fruits rather than experimental instincts or inherited experience do attract the bird and animals, so that their seeds thus become more generally diflfused under conditions most suitable to their growth and future welfare; we are still met by the fact that many roots and underground stems are beautifully coloured without any very apparent reason, for if the wild pigs selected the brightest coloured Yams or Potatos, &c., they would only destroy them all the more surely, so that in these cases local colour seems to be produced to the disadvantage of some of these plants rather than otherwise. In a word, there is an abundance of beautiful inanimate colour, as well as that localised in plants, held in reserve it may be, but still produced without any apparent reason. Of course we know that there are no " accidents," and perhaps no "exceptions" in Nature; the laws are always there if we could but discover and read them. One can never believe, however, that the lovely grain and colouring of many kinds of timber were primarily intended solely for the wood-boring larva; or other insects, or for the cabinet-maker, however highly he may prize it to-day. The ex- quisite colours of stones and jewels is another case in point, colour of the most exquisite hidden away in the earth, and, .<;o far as we at present know, perfectly useless in the economy of Nature, although of the utmojt value in decorative art. Whenever I see the vegetable gold of autumnal foliage, when Elms and Planes, Horse Chestnuts and Tulip-trees glow with the mellow hues of "a Daffodil sky," I do not think of that gorgeous influx of red and crimson which we are told sets Maples, hardy Azaleas, and Virginian Creepers aglow like a fire in America or Japan ; but I do wonder how and when, and to where the blue colouring once in those now golden leaves has flown. Has it really left the trees for ever, become evaporated as it were, or has it become absorbed from the leaves back into the branches and trunk, and 80 become for the time invisible ? The absence of the blue pigment from those once green leaves is quite as interesting a question to me as the fact, if it be a fact, that the highest and rarest note of floral colouring is blue. Colour after all as seen in plants may be the same thing physically, but diflerent chemically as I suspect will some day be proven, if not already known. The question I should now like to ask, however, is this — Is floral colour, other than green (blue and yellov^ mixed), an advance toward.s a higher plane, or is it not rather a symptom of decadence, or the beginning of the end? Taking the case of "annual" plants for example we know that flowering is a decadence of the individual, which dies on its having produced and perfected its seed. We here get a glimpse of the facts tliat fertility is injurious to the vegetative vigour of the individual, although essential to the race. We have some proof of this when we pinch off the blooms ot some so-called annuals, and so make biennials or perennials of them, so far as their vege- table economy is concerned. 1 think we shall find that floral colour — indeed all colour other than green — is usually a symptom of vegetative decadence, rather than of vigour, which is better expressed by green leaves than by coloured ones. If this is so, then green must be the highest type of plant-colour, and all its transformations to yellow, white, pink, red, purple, and blue, are degradations; highly neces- sary and important at times they may be, but still they represent a lowering of the colouring-scale instead of an upward movement. So that we see that " Grant Allen's "' colour theory, although undoubtedly correct, as showing how the colours of flowers vary or slide from one into another, from yellow through red and purple to blue, yet that the original movement is probably not an upward one a.s is generally supposed hy himself and his disciples. Considered as an upward movement, this flower colour theorv fails us just when we want it most. It is all right as con- fined to flowers only — i.e., to floral leaves ; but when we want to apply it to variegated foliage leaves or to the hectic flush of the dying leaves of autumn, it breaks down. Of course a theory must be like a perfect sphere, and not merely a triangle or a square. It must stand looking at from all points alike if it is to be of real service to us ; and if we consider colour as an ennobling sign in floral leaves, we are met point blank by the contrary when we consider the coloured foliage of plants generally as opposed to their natural green colour. Of course, some may argue that the bright coloured foliage of autumn serves as a distant lure to the fruits which ripen on the trees at that season ; but so many trees and shrubs remarkable for their leaf-beauty are devoid of fruits by the time the leaves assume their bright colouring. So far as one can see, floral colouring, like that of fruits, is made attractive lor show or advertising purposes. The co-operative work of the leaves, the savings-bank like functions of nodes, pseudobulbs, tubers, and corms, are other real busi- ness matters ; but flower and fruit colour are mainly for advertisement, and so as necessary to the per- petuation of the s])ecies or race, by securing occa- sional cross-fertilisation and rotation of crops, or in other words, redistribution. It is said that " Good wine needs no bush," but Nature herself evidently does not believe in that old proverb, as is shown by the numerous devices, ofl'erings to sight, taste, and smell, adopted to show ofi^ her produce, and to enhance the attractions of her wares. She even adopts the " free lunch " notion, and provides " feasts of honey," but only " free " to such workers as can and do give her material aid. Whatever or which- ever view be taken of the colour question one thing seems abundantly evident to all observers in the garden or the field. This is the now patent fact that nothing exists without a purpose or which does, or will not in the future, supply (or has not at one time supplied) a definite require- ment. The poise of a leaf, the twist of a stalk or stem, the deflection of a hair, or the crimp on the margin of a petal, all are the sure results of certain laws, and have a story to tell to all who can read the symbols or sign-language of vegetation. The moral is a most important one to us all, but with singular force does it apply to those who make drawings of plants and their flowers. When we look back two or three centuries we may smile at the rude engravings and plates of the time, just as we do at the science in works like those of Bacon, Green, Bradley, Gerard, or Hill, and others of the " old school,'" but in half a century from now the work of our artists and writers of to-day will be weighed in a balance a hundred times more exact and delicate than ours. F. W. B. EARLIEST RHUBARB GATHERED.— I shall esteem it a great kindness if anyone of your readers will favour me with a post-card stating the date when the first 1 lb. avoirdupois of Rhubarb — not forced but grown in the open garden— is this year gathered. Also the name of the sort. /7m/-, YiLvlci/, Suffolk, ROSA FCETIDA.— In the amusing paragraph in your last issue, on p. 240, commenting on the recently publislied French caricature ot the sup- posed discoverer of the above-named plant, the writer places it among the impossibilities of hor- ticulture, and classes it with the black Tulip, the blue Rose, itc. ; and yet it is by no means so, as in the beautifully illustrated French works by Redout^, published at Paris between 1817 and 1824, and entitled Les Hoses, no less than three varieties of this class are figured and described, all of which are deserving of the name of fa-tida. They are :— 1, Rosa eglanteria punicea, a very beautihil large, deej) yellow, single-flowered variety, figured opposite p. 6'J of the first volume of the work, the odour exhaled from the flowers of which is said to be most disa- greeable, while the foliage when squeezed or rubbed in the hands exhales quite a pleasant odour of Apples. 2. Rosa foitida, a slender growing variety with smallish pink flowers, resembling those of the common Dog Rose of the hedges, which are followed by hips, which when crushed exhale a most disagreeable odour, the flowers being almost scentless. This is figured opposite p. 131 ot vol. i. of the work. 3. Rosa Kglanteria luteola, a small single-flowered variety, with flowers of a much paler shade of yellow than those of the first-mentioned variety, and which also exhales a less disagreeable odour than its much handsomer sister. This variety is figured opposite p. 21 of vol. iii. The coloured plates in Redouto's Les Roses are quite the most beautifully executed, both for grace of drawing and delicacy of colouring of any known to me. }V. E. Gamhlcton. APPLE RIBSTON PIPPIN. — Could the three Pippins in a letter mentioned by John Dent-Dent, Esq., at p. 244, have been Normandy Pippins, i.e.^ dried Apples? It would appear so to have been, since otherwise there is a discrepancy as to number — five proved (?bad), and two proved good Apples — showing that more than three Pippins (= pips) were imported. I am interested in this tree as being one that was never grafted, and so its descendant, a sucker, survives to this day. Where on earth could we find a grafted Apple tree 150 years old? F. W. B. WHITE ARUM. — Though many gardeners plant Arums out-of-doors, I do not quite understand what are the advantages of the method as against keeping them in pots. It, as may be inferred from the closing remarks of Mr. T. Coomber (p. 211), the season of 1888 was such a good one for these flowers, I am certain such was quite the reverse, for a large num- ber of other flowering plants, many of which — and perpetual flowering Carnations in particular — suf- fered to a great degree from the coolness of the summer; and while teaching us many lessons, and showing how helpless the most skilful of gardeners are when sunlight is lessened in amount, we can hardly regard (as Mr. T. Coomber appears to do, if I gather correctly from his remarks) the summer of 1888 as an example of the .summers we have had in some years. I am persuaded that the culture of Arums in pots has a number of advantages over the planting- out method. If an abundance of water be essential in summer, why not as well supply it to plants in pots as in the open ground ? If an absence of sun is needful, why not shade them in pots also ? One of the greatest drawbacks to these plants when planted out is the lifting and potting in the autumn. An illustration of of this came under my notice a year or two ago, when calling upon Mr. Cypher, of Cheltenham, directly after that destructive frost in the waning davs of September, which took so many by surprise. Mr. Cypher grows Arums largely, and that year the majority, if not all, of his plants were planted out. Had these been in pots, the whole lot could have been housed in a very short time, or laid on their sides and covered with mats; this, however, could not be, for lifting must be done with care; and, however great the care exercised, many roots must be sacrificed as the result, and though they recover injuries thus caused more readily than some plants, it is still no reason that they should be inflicted. I grow several hundred Arums and keep them '-0 pots, and, strange to remark, while Mr, Coombers plants werf enjoying the rainfall of last summer the whole of my plants were packed one above the other on their sides to keep them dry, against a wall having an eastern aspect. Under this treatment they lose all their leavee, a soU4 278 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 2, 1889. Btem enclosing the crown alone remaining. Early in August they were repotted, and stood out on a bed of coal-ashes and watered as required with occasional doses of liquid sewage as soon as I con- sidered this latter of service to them. Their growth after potting showed reinforced strength, and early in October we began to cut spathes, and from that time to the present the average yield per plant has been between four and five spathes, and they are still productive to a degree, nearly all my plants pro- ducing two spathes from one leaf in quick succes- sion, the second being visible in many instances as soon as the first is cut. In potting I free the base of all small side giowth, and sow thickly in boxes to make successional batches. Some growers, while keeping the plants in pots, do not dry them off, but place them in a turf pit and mulch with short stable- litter, which is also a good way, the labour of lifting in autumn in this latter, as in my own case, being avoided. Until recently I was quite in ignorance of the pleasing lemon scent which these Arums emit, and although not powerful it is certainly agreeable. One item of importance to growers of these in quantity is not to endeavour to produce spathes of large size, as this is rarely appreciated in the market, medium sized ones being preferred, and these are adapted to a greater variety of uses, and are, therefore, of equal value, except for church decoration, when size is UBually considered of importance. E. Jenkins. STOCK FOR FRUIT TREES.— I for one am much indebted to Mr. Webster for the light he has thrown on this subject at p. 213 in the issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle for February 16. Sixteen years ago we planted a Peach-house here, of 30 feet in length by 14 feet in width, with Harrington and other varieties of Peaches, all of which exhibited the deformity of swollen stems. We did everything we could by lift- ing, root-pruning, and top-dressing, to remedy and improve matters, but all to no purpose. In the house were several richer trees, and visitors often remarked the curious fact the stems of these trees should be thicker at the top than at the bottom. The consequence of the deformity was that we had eventually to root out the whole of the trees. In a matter of this sort gardeners are y^yj much at the mercy of the nurserymen, and for their own sakes and ours, I trust they will not neglect to note this. AUxavdria, N.B, LILY DISEASE. — I have read with interest your valuable article on the above in a recent issue ; will you kindly allow me space in your journal to offer to my brother horticulturists a few remarks on this fatal disease? I have been a cultivator of Lilies for about twenty years, but have never had this unwelcome malady, Polyachis or Peronospora, on them. Towards the end of last June I had two large beds of Lilium candidum, and the first to be attacked were those planted in rows at 3 feet apart, and 1 foot apart in the rows. Between these were planted summerfloweringChrysanthemums, and these were so small at the time that they could neither hinder the circulation of air nor shade the Lilies to their de- triment. At first it was supposed that the plants had been struck by lightning, because others in a bed 30 yards away were not touched, and there the matter rested, but only for a day, for those that looked black the day before were blacker than ever, and the buds of the green ones all covered with small light brown spots, which caused me to think that some other agency is at work. On inspecting the plants on the third day, it was found that not only were the plants first attacked completely spoiled, but that it had spread like " wild fire " to others at a distance of 30 yards. Up to this time I had not seen any accounts of the Lily disease, and not knowing what to do to arrest the loss of plants going, I had them all cut down to the ground, and the tops carted away and burnt with the aid of a lot of dry sticks. Having done this, I waited, all the time keep- ing my attention fixed on the pages of your journal. But meanwhile an opportunity occurred of study- ing the fungus on some Lilium candidum in a neighbour's garden. The plants affected were Lilium Harrisii, of which all affected parts were cut off, and, the plants being in pots, they were removed to dryer quarters. With respect to the L. candidum in the open air, suffice it to say that they removed to a remote place in the autumn, and did not seem to be in the least hurt by their decapitation. The L. Harrisii, of which some were cut down, came up with two or three breaks each, and show well for flowering next time. On looking to the Chronicle we saw that what we had done was quite right and proper— the cutting and burning of the affected stems and leaves, it being a very important thing to do. I have tried sulphide of potassium with good results under glass or in drj* weather, but as to applying remedies to the smooth buds and glazed foliage of Lilies. I think it is not likely to have much use. W. Watson, Higkam Hill, Walthanisiovj. CYLETHRA ARBOREA.— I willingly give " A. H.*' {p. 212), the information he asks for respecting thia beautiful shrub. At Sion we have a number of plants, but so far no young plants have produced fiowers. They were propagated from a grand old plant standing in the cool portion of the conservatory, which is 30 to 40 feet high, and which never fails to bloom profusely each year. This plant is quite close to the glass, and is never shaded ; it is also close to the ventilators, which, for four or five months in the summer and early autumn, are not closed. From this we may learn that plenty of air and sunshine suit it. The younger plants stand far from the roof, and may never ripen their wood sufficiently well to form flower-buds. I have come to this conclusion, from observing a plant some eight years' old, which stood nearer the glass, and close to the entiance-door, which was open all day long in the summer, did flower after the hot, dry summer of 1887. The other plants were all pot-bound and more or less shaded from the sun by other plants. I intend to place a number of the smaller plants in a warm corner, outside, next summer, to see if that kind of treatment will induce them to bloom. I should state that our old plant has not been repotted for years, but top-dressed only. I had a large plant in my charge some years ago, growing under similar con- ditions to the one here. It flowered freely, but was always placed out-of-doors for a time in the late summer months, but we never succeeded in getting young plants to bloom under the same ti-eatment. I am doubtful if young plants will flower. I believe in their native habitat they do not bloom till grown into large bushes. G. Wythcs, Sion. [We believe it is not so much treatment as mature age which causes the plant to flower. In Southern Europe young plants are just as little inclined to flower as here. By cutting it in during its early years a bushy head may be formed, and the plant kept to a moderate height, and as severe cutting causes no loss of bloom — there being none to sacrifice — it is better to adopt the practice, and thus fit the plant for growing in houses of moderate height. Ed.] THE BULB MITE ON EUCHARIS. AMARYLLIS. &C. — In last week's issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle mention is made of a fine potful of Eucharis amazonica, at Brookman's Park, Hatfield, growing in a 12-inch pot, and carrying nine spikes and fifty flowers. It may interest your readers to know that w^e had some time ago several very fine specimens in flower in 12-inch pots, carrying thirty-two and thirty-three spikes, with an average of 185 flowers each. They were, indeed, noble specimens, and were very much admired. I cut from one plant on Christmas morning eighty fully-expanded flowers for church decoration. I am sorry to say our whole stock of plants is very much infected with the bulb mite, and find to my grief that it is not confining itself to the Eucharis, but is doing immense damage to Amaryllis, Vallota, and Urceolina pendula. We are at present using rather severe measures, which I hope will thoroughly exterminate it. I should be pleased to know if any of your correspondents have been troubled with the mite on Amaryllis. D. mglis, Hovjick Hall, Lesburg, R.S.O, STREPTOSOLEN JAMESONII.- As I have been fairly successful in the cultivation of this fine old plant for several years past, I will explain my method to " Amateur," who asked for information in these pages of February 23, p. 248, respecting its treatment. I take cuttings of half-ripened wood early in March, and dibble them round the edge of a 4-inch pot filled with finely-sifted soil consisting of two-thirds loam, one-third of leaf-soil, and silver- sand, pressed moderately firm into the pots, a layer of sand being placed on the top. After being well watered, the pots are allowed to stand for ten minutes, and then the cuttings are inserted firmly, and the pot is then plunged in a brisk bottom-heat, and a bell-glass placed over the pot. The cuttings are examined every morning, and the bell-glass is wiped quite dry and put over the cuttings again, and in about three weeks the cuttings are struck, the glass is removed, but the cuttings are kept shaded for a time, when they are potted off and returned to their former quarters. The plants are never allowed to become dry at the root, and are lightly dewed over with the syringe on fine afternoons. They soon fill their pots with roots, when they are shifted on into 6-inch and 7-inch pots, and treated as before until they have attained a flowering size, which is about the end of June or early in July ; they are then gradually hardened off, and* placed out-of- doors in a sheltered situation where thpy do not get the full force of the midday sun. The plants must be carefully watered, and are never allowed to become dry at the root, as this would cause the leaves to fall, thereby disfiguring the plants. To ward off attacks of red-spider, to which the plant is rather liable, the syringe must be freely used. The plants ripen their wood, and set their flower-buds, at the end of the month of September, or early in October, when they should be removed to a warm greenhouse. I have said nothing about stopping or pinching the growths, because I think the less that this is dono the better for the plants, they having a natural tendency to break freely. It makes a fine pillar- plant if allowed to grow freely. " Amateur " might venture to keep his plant a few degrees warmer in winter, for I find that it likes more warmth than ordinary greenhouse plants ; but I think the secret of getting it to flower freely is in standing it out-of- doors in the summer time to ripen its wood tho- roughly. The plant is also known under the name ofBrowallia. T. A. Law Notes. SUTHERLAND v. THE CADDEK LOCAL AUTHORITY. The Cadder local authority applied and obtained Parliamentary powers for a sewage scheme extending over a considerable area. Like all schemes of the kind where a wayleave is granted by Parliament, it is subject to suitable compensation to the owners and occupiers of the lands touched. Mr. John Sutherland, nurseryman, Lenzie, feued about 10 acres of ground some fifteen years ago, upon which ground he had founded his nursery business, and carried it on with more or less success during these years. It may be explained that Lenzie is one cf these suburban localities, about 6 miles from Glas- gow, which has been taken up for cottage and villa residences by the merchants of Glasgow, and con- eequently the land and the sites for building have correspondingly increased in value. Mr. Sutherland, fully alive to the spirit of the times, had a feuing plan prepared for allocating sites for building pur- poses in 1S74, and in making up his claim for damages, demanded a value quite difierent from that of the land of some adjoining proprietors, chiefly occupied with agricultural subjects. Moreover, the wayleave selected intersected the lower portion of his holding, and very much interfered with his building plan. The drain itself, which is an ordi- nary 15-inch spigot and aucet sewage pipe, enters his grounds about 7 feet below the surface, and leaves them about the same depth, while a con- siderable portion — say 150 yards — towards the centre, from the nature of the ground, the pipes are about a foot above the surface. From the long run of the whole scheme and the want of a sufficient gradient — to speak nothing of flushing from ttie various months, — the engineer could not give more of a fall than about 1 in 600 which, so far as the claimant is con- cerned, only aggravates what he looks upon and demands compensation for as a nuisance. After several fruitless eftbrts to settle the matter amicably there was nothing for it but a submission. Mr. Sutherland, therefore, named ^fr. John Lamont, of Edinburgh, as his arbiter, and the Cadder local authority named Mr. Brand, of Col- ledge & Brand, C.E., Glasgow, as their arbiter, who, having met, agreed upon Mr. James Hunter, of Austin & McAslan, Glasgow, as the overeman in the reference. Jlr. JIacquaker, of Martin Mackay & Macquaker, was agent for the claimant ; and Mr. Malloch, of McLelland & Malloch, fm- the respond- ents ; withMr. Morrison, writer, as clerk in the reference— all of Glasgow. These gentlemen having agreed upon a proof, the following parties were cited for the claimant:— Jlr. Turnbull, architect; Mr, Mahch 2, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. '2.79 C. p. Hogg, C.E. ; ilr. Mayberry. valuator, Glasgow ; Mr. Ross, builder ; Mr. Thos. Scott, valuator, Hawk- head Main ; Mr. Jas. Anderson, landscape gardener, Uddingston; and Mr. Welsh, of Dickson & Co., Edin- burgh. These gentlemen having visited the ground, they assessed the damages due to the claimant, wlio in this case, is both owner and occupier, at sums varying from £6S0 to £850. It was agreed to begin with by the parties that the subject should be treated with as a feuing subject, and consequently evidence was led almost entirely in that direction, with, of course, the loss assessible in the value of one years crop. In capitalising the value the witnesses ditTered as to the number of years" purchase, but there was a general consensus of opinion as to the amount of damages. The witnesses for the respondents were Mr. Cope- land, C.E.,the engineer for the works ; i\Ir. Colledge, land agent; Mr. Uenison, C.E. ; Mr. Taylor, property valuator; Mr. Sutiierland, Edinburgh ; and Mr. Jas. Thyne McCallum, of Glasgow. These gentle- men assessed the damages from £130 down to a beuefit, most ot them looking upon the drain as a benefit to the proprietor, and assessing the damages of less of crop at about £20 to £30, allowing about 2 yards' breadth for the wayleave. The interest of the contest can easily be imagined when it is stated that the proof and debate before the arbiters lasted three days. Proof being closed, arbiters met subsequently, and Mr. Lamont, on the part of the claimant, averred that, notwithstanding he had proved by his skilled witnesses the major amount of the claim, he, to eflect an otl'hand settlement, would take £000. Mr. Brand, on the part of the respondents, maintained that the claim set forth was excessive, and all he could see his way to offer was £l2o. Neither of the arbiters would settle the matter, consequently the clerk in the reference was instructed to write out a minute of devolution, and the oversman or umpire, who was present, intimated that he would make " avizandum.'' We understand that the proposed findings are £439, with costs, against the respon- dents. The Weather. [Bv the terTTV "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as -well aa the dura- tion, ot the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° I'ahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" siguifiyiug 1* continued tor twenty-fcur hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours] TEMri-:HA.TL'RK. UAIXFALL. Bright Sus. H Accumulated s .. <£ ^ % ^ T^ ^ " O P'r o a 5^ lis 1 1 . T-5 1 i< . 3 , IJ "3 d ^ 3 ercentage o tion for eruentage o tion aince ■< ^ B ». a. Day- Deg- Day- Dar- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. ■deu. Inch. ] 1 — 1 30 — 5 + 20 1 — 44 9.7 29 12 •2 Oav, 3 32 — 3 — 7 3- 33 3.1 17 24 3 1 - 1 27 - 24 + 2 3 — 29 2.0 24 21 4 3 — 0 33 + 79 2 - 29 2.4 15 19 5 3 — 2 30 - 15 + 53 5 — 27 2.7 17 \ 18 6 *- 2 26 — 50 + 51 3 — 29 3.1 20 17 7 Oav. 6 22 + 2 — 25 5- 36 7.8 29 22 8 2- 1 21 — 24 — 22 6 — 30 3.9 26 20 9 3- 8 26 — 44 + 37 8 - 29 5.4 36 , 24 Ifi Oav. 13 23 + 6 — 29 4 - 43 6.2 20 18 11 Oav. 22 12 + 0 — 20 5 - 37 6.8 23 22 12 1 — 13 4 + 1 — 30 6 - 38 4.3 26 1 26 The districts indicated by number in the first column the following : — Principal Wheat- prodncing Districts — 1, Scotland, 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, X.E. ; 4. England, o. Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing, Ac.. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. , England. N.W. ; 9. England, S.W. ; 1>), Ireland, 11, Ireland, S. ; U, Channel I^landd. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending Feb. 25, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " Th(i ivcaf/tcr has been cloudy and unsettled very generally, with occasionally slight falls of snow over the greater part of the kingdom, and some sleet or rain in the extreme west and north. In some localities, however, a few intervals of bright sunshine were experienced. " The temperature has ranged from 3'' to ■!'- below the mean over England ; but in Ireland, and also in most parts of Scotland, it has equalled the normal values for the time of year. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded either on the lUth or 20th, ranged from 48° in ' Scotland, W.," to 56° in 'England, S.' The lowest of the minima were registered in most places on the 24th, and varied from 22° to 26° in Scotland, from 23" to 24° in Ireland, and from 23° to 29° over England. In the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 33'^ " The rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts. Over the greater part of England the fall has been very slight. " BrigJd sunshine has been in excess of that recorded last week in the north and west of Scot- land, but in nearly all other districts it has been less prevalent. The percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 15 in ' England, E.,' and 17 in ' Scotland, E.,' and the ' Midland Counties.' to 36 in ' England, S.W.' " FRurr.— AvERAGK Wholesale Prioea. ©ijttuars. John Reynolds Vaisey.— We greatly regret to announce the death, on February 24, of this gentleman at Cambridge, from the effects of fire, under very distressing circumstances. Mr. Vaisey was a promising botanist. Markets. CO VENT GARDEN, Februarj/ 28. [We cannot accept any editoria! responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It mu-9t be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of onr report. The prices depeml upon the quality of the .snmple?, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one d.iy, and therefore the prices quotL'd as averages for the p.tst week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] A STEADY business doing, with prices firm. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Ficus elastica. each . 1 ft- 7 0 Genista, dozen ... 9 0-18 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 — Rom., doz. pots 9 0-10 0 Lily-of-Val.,doz. pts.lS 0-30 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solan ums, dozen ... 6 0-12 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0-90 Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Ajum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena tenninalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica, various, doz. 12 Kuonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Epiphyllums. doz. ...18 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Cut Flowers.— s. Abutillona, 12 bun.... 3 Anemone, Fr.,12bun. 2 Arum Lilies. 12blooms 3 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, white, 12 blooms ... ... 2 — red, 12 blooms... 0 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Chrysanthemums, dozen bunches ... 2 Daffodils.dbl. 12bun. 4 — single. 12 bun.... 6 — French, 12 buu. 2 Eucharis, per dozen '-^ Gardenias. 12 blooms I.t Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Koman, 12 sprays 1 Lilac, white Fr., bun. 4 — lilao- coloured, p. bunch 3 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 d. s.d. 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-18 0 Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s. d. Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-40 Narcis., paper-white, (French), 12 bun... ^ 0- 6 0 — double, 12 bun... 16-30 Pelargoniums, la Bpr. 10-16 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-09 Primroses, 12 bun.... 10-16 Primula.s. dbl., 12ep. 10-16 Roses, Tea, per dor. 2 0-60 — coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — red, per dozen ... 6 0-90 — Safrano, dozen... 2 0-40 Safrano (Yr.), doz. ... 1 0- .3 0 Snowdrops, 12 bun.,. 10-30 Tubero3ea,12 blms.... 2 0-40 Tulips. 12 blooms ... 0 8-10 Violets, 12 bunches... 10-16 — dark, Fr., bunch 10-20 — Parme. Fr., bun. 3 6-36 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 0-60 — French, 12 bun. 10-20 0- 6 0 0- « (1 0- fi 0 li- 1 0 9- 1 1) 0- 4 0 9- 2 (1 0- 3 0 0- 1 0 0- SI (1 0- .2 0 «- 4 0 0- fi (1 o-;jo 0 1 6- 1 0 0- 1 6 0- 6 0 0- 5 0 6- 1 0 s.d.s. tt. Apples, half-sieve... 3 0- 4 0 — Ganadaand Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0-17 0 Cobs, 100 1b. ...100 0-UO 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 16-1 U Vegetables.— Aver AGE t. d. s. d. I Asp;irngu^, Enfjlish, ) per luO 12 0- ... , — French, bundtelS 0- ... j Beans, Jersey and French, per lb, ... 3 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... | Celery, per bundle ...16-30' Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- ... ' Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ... Green Mint, bunch... 1 0- ... ! Herbs, per bunch ... 0 6- ... I Leeks, per bunch ... 0 4- ... i Lettuce, per dozen,.. 1 6- 5. rf. s. d. Lnmonn, per case ...13 0-21 0 Pine-apples,Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 3 0-80 Strawberries, per oz. 1 0- ... Retail Prioes. , 0 4- , 0 5- 1 0- 1 0- , 4 0- Mustard and Cress, punuet Onions, per bunch Parsley, per lb. Peas, French, per lb. Potatos, per cwt. — kidney, percwt. 4 0- — new French, lb. 0 6- Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- Seakale, puunet Shallots, per lb. Spinach, per bushel, Tomatos, per lb. Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- 6 0 5 0 ,26-, . 6 0- . 2 0- Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- Potatos. —Beauty of Hebron, 80s. ; Imperators, 70s. ; Mng- uum Boniims, 80s. ; find Dunbar Regents, 110s, per ton. SEEDS. London: Feb. 'IS. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sona, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, E.G., report to-day's market quiet. Numerous inquiries for samples and prices come to hand from the country ; but the majority of buyers still appear determined to postpone their operations as long as possible. Red Clover seed and Trefoil hold their own, but Alsike and white can be obtained on somewhat easier term.ii, ' This is also true of both Italian and perennial Rye-grasses. Tares are in good request. For bird seeds the sale is slow. In Scarlet Runner Beans the tendency is still strongly upwards. Peas and Haricots are unchanged. FBT7IT AND VEGETABIiES, Spitalfields: Feb. 27. — The supplies more than equal to the demand, trade being very slow. Prices as under: Savoys, 2s. to os.per tally; Greens, &?. to 9is. do. ; Broccoli, ^d. to \s. 3d. per dozen; Brussels Sprouts, 9d. to Is. 3d. per half-sieve ; Turnip-tops, 2s. to 25. 3d. per sack; Spinach, Is. 9d. to 2s. Qd. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per punnet ; Parsnips, (id. to 9d. per score of 22; Beetroots, 6r^. to lOd. per dozen; Turnips, 25. to 2s. Qd. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. Qd. to 2s Qd. do. ; Radishes, 4;:/. to 9d. do. ; Parsley, 7s. to 10s. do. ; Rhubarb, Is. dd. to 25. 3d. per dozen bundles ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. Qd. per bundle ; Celery, 10s. to 14s. per dozen bundles ; English Apples, 3s. Qd. to 7s. per bushel; do. Is. 3d, to 3s. per half-bushel ; American do,, 9s. Qd. to 15s. per barrel; English Onions, 6s. Qd. to 7s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 7s. to 8s. per case ; Bordeaux do., 5s. to 5s. Qd. do, ; Dutch do', 3s. Qd. to 4s. per bag ; Belgiando., 4s. to 4s. 6^^. do. ; Endive, 2s, per doz. ; Carrots, 20s. to 22s. per ton ; Mangels, 16s. to 18s do. Stratford : Feb. 26, — Both trade and supply have been good during the past week. Cabbages, 2*. to 3s. per tally; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. do.; Greens, Is. 3d. to 25. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s, do. ; 345. to 40s. per ton ; household Carrots, 25s. to 30s. do. ; Parsnips, dd. to Is. 3d. per score ; Mangels, los. to ISs. per ton ; Swedes, 15s. to 20s. do. ; Onions, German, 4s. to 4s. Qd. per bag ; do., English, lOOs. to 110s. per ton ; Apples, English, 25. Qd. to 6s. per bushel ; do., American, lis. to I6s. per barrel ; Watercress, Qd. per dozen ; Celery, Qd. to Is. per roll ; Brussels Sprouts, 9c?. to Is. Qd. per half sieve ; Carrots, 25. to 2s. Qd. per dozen bunches ; Cress, 2s. per dozen baskets. OOBK. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending February 25 : — Wheat, 29a. od. ; Barley, 26s. od. ; Oats, 165. Id. For the corresponding week in 1888: — Wheat, 30». 2d.; Barley, 29s. 8d.; Oats, 16s. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : Feb. 26. — Market dull, and although supplies are not heavy prices, ex- cept for the best qualities, have a drooping tendency. Regents, Scotch, 90s. to I20s. ; English, 60s. to 100s. ; Hebrons, 90s. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to 100s. ; Scotch, do., 90s. to l?0s, ; other varieties, 60s. to 90s. per ton. 280 THE GABDENEIfS' CHIlONtCLE. [llARcn 1, 1889. Spitalfields ; Feb, 27. — Quotations: — Champions, 6o.«. to 60s. ; Regents. Tos. to 110s. ; Imperators, 75s. to 8.5s. ; Hebroiis, 50s. to 70s. ; Magnums, 6.5s. to 90s. ; Scotch Magnums, 90s. to 110s. per ton. Sthatfoud : Feb. 26. — Quotations : — Scotch Mag- nums, 90s. to 120s. ; do.. Regents, 855. to 110s. ; English Regents, 70s, to 90s. ; do. Magnums, 605. to 90s. per ton. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime old, 126s. to 144s. ; do., best second, 80s. to 120s. ; do., inferior, 36s. to 70s. ; prime old Hay, 106s. to 126s. ; best new, do., 90s. to 105s. ; inferior, 50s. to 70s. ; old, straw, 42s. to 48s. ; new, 28s. to 42s per load. Enquiries. **He that guestioneth much shall learn much."— Bxcon. liEMOVAL OF Nursery Stock. — Will some reader kindly give me authentic particulars or reference to any statute concerning to the time an out-going nurseryman (in the absence of any express agree- ment) can take in the removal of his stock, without disturbance from the landlord ? Spent Hops. — Will some correspondent who has used these, kindly state his method of u^ing them, and his experience as to their use ? Kiiiff Street. Tested Thermometers. — Could any one inform us if Kew or Greenwich tested thermometers are to be obtained at a moderate cost, and if so, where, as we find they are too expensive to use generally when purchased here ? P. ff" Sojis. NOTICES TO Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, du please Note t/zat letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Taper, should he addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as sptcimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editou. Such communications should be xoritten on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newBpa])ers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. ABC Manure : B. White. This so-called manure is obtained from town sewage by a system of deposit-tanks, and treatment of the sewage with certain chemicals. The system is, we believe, in use at Aylesbury, and a letter addressed to the ABC Sewage Company there would doubtless be attended to. Amaryllis : G. iV. Some of the hybrids and species do not entirely lose their leaves in the winter, but that does not greatly matter. The bulbs may be kept dry, and in their pots, from October until the time arrives to surface them, or repot thera in January, February, and March. The bulbs re- quire a long period to mature, and late started bulbs ripen off late, and should not be hurried in the process, although something may be done I>y full exposure to the sun. Apple Shoots: Kent Cob. These, though young, are scarred by American blight, of which insect several were present. The insects are probably to be found in greater numbers under the bark of the stem and main branches, and on snags just healing over, where they get under the edge of new- forming bark. Many remedies have been tried, and the more effectual are applicable in the wintertime. Whale oil, machine oil, or any cheap animal oil, applied with abrush — the oil must not be boiled — will do. On the rough bark of old trees coal-tar and clay may be used, but never on the young bark. Lime-wash made thick, with a little flowers of sulphur in it, and some size to make it stick, is also useful. The idea is to smother the insects without injury to the tree. Oils kill them by their smothering action. Infested trees will be found to have the aphis or blight on the roots as well as the top. The roots may be cleared of earth for a yard round the stem, and be drenched with strong soapsuds, seeing that it reaches every cranny. Fresh soil should replace that taken away, and round the stem above ground should be placed loosely a baud of tarred hay-rope, or the like ; it will hinder the passage downwards and upwards of some of the insects. The females are wingless, not so the males; so that, it a female can be kept fiora the trees, the attacking party would not increase much by accessions of males only. Keep the ground clean, and do not let trees touch each other overhead. The blight always shows itself badly in neglected orchards. Spraying with petroleum muslin, as frequently described in these pages, should be tried. Azalea mollis : Exors. Pretty, large trusses of a useful colour, and sweetly scented ; worth pro- pagating. Cinerarias : G. H. Only of middling "quality as regarded the single-flowered varieties, whilst the blooms of double varieties were as good as we have seen them. Corrections. — Mr. Bennett, in his previous week's Calendar (" Fruits under Glass," p. 230), was made to say that the late Mr. Barnes engined his Pine plants throughout the " summer ;" as a matter of fact, he did so from March onwards. But it must not be inferred from that that the practice in Devonshire is suitable for the Pine-apple in the Midlands, or further north, and Mr. Bennett would advise dewing over with a syringe instead — at this period of the year, at least. — In " New Roses,'" p. 235, Marchioness of Lome was stated in error by Wild Rose to have been sent out by Messrs. Paul & Sons, instead of bv Messrs. W. Paul & Son. FoNGCS IN Drawing-room : G, S. This is an Agaric grown under very peculiar and abnormal conditions, by which it has been so modified that it is difficult to determine the species. In all probability it is Agaricus pol3'cephalus. Gardeners' Orphan Fund: Curious. The reports are furnished to us as ofiicial, if they are not, the matter should come before the committee. Lemons : T. Joyce. Plants of Lemons grow very well when fan-trained, and would probably accom- modate themselves to a modification of the single cordon fashion of training. The caterpillars may be kept at bay by a band of rag or paper, smeared with cartgrease, fastened round the stems ; or by means of two semicircular earthenware or tin troughs, encircling the stems a few inches off, and kept filled with water. Na:\ies of Fruit : F. B. S. Not known. — D. P. Not known. Names ov Plants: E. L. 1, Ceanothus azureus ; 2, Lonicera ; 3, Photinia seri'ulata ; 4, Garrya elliptica {the labels o and 4 were displaced, so we are not sure which was intended by 3 and which by 4) ; 5, not recognized; 6, JasminumnudiQorum ; 7, Crataegus Pyracantha ; 8, Berberis nepalensis ; 9, Ceano- thus ; 10, Cryptomeria japonica var. Lobbi ; 11, Thuia (Biota) orientalis. — J. R., Ruyhy. Zygo- petalum Mackayi. — B. C. Insufiicient specimens : send others, packed in damp moss, in a stronger box. — W. W. lluscus racemosus. — J. C. Acacia lineata. — L. Camniings. Nephrodiam (Lastrea) seligerum, Baker ; native of Tropical Asia. J. G. B. — B. S. 0. Ligustrum sinense. — N. B, 1, Next week ; 2. Calogyne flaccida ; 3, Odoutoglossum Insleayi; 4, 0. constrictum. — L. tf' B. Corynocarpus Ipcvigatus. — W. M, Coelogyne cristata. — W. H. C. 1 , Probably Lxlia anceps ; 2, Probably Epid^ndruni fra- grans. The appearance of the Palm is, no doubt, owing to too much dry heat. — Suhscrilnr. 1, Phaius grandifolius; 2, Cattleya Trianie, badly developed; 3. Dendrobium Wardianuni, small form. The black spots are spores of a fungus growing in some other part of the house, and which are forcibly ejected when ripe. The do no harm.— /f. J, 1, Thuia gigantea ; 2. Cryptomeria elegans ; 3, Abies araabilis ; 4, Cedrus atlantica, probably; 5, Cryptomeria japonica. Plants for a narrow Border; Knv SithscriJirr. If you must plant the inevitable Calceolarias in quan- tity, set them out in April in groups of a dozen or so, and not in a line. The other plants for summer display may consist of dwarf double-flowered Dahlias — no singles; Gladiolus in variety, not forgetting G. Colvillei ; Cannas in variety ; Ricinus Gibsoni, a few only; Solanura marginatum, and S. robustum, a few only as starer.-* ; Clarkia inte- gripetala ; Mignonette ; Ten-week Stock ; Cande- labra; Larkspurs ; Calendula Meteor ; African au French Marigolds — these are fine things when planted in good ground, and grown thinly ; the taller descriptions of German Asters ; tall -growing Tropieolums ; Sweet Peas and Iporaaias in variety. These and other climbers may be sown or planted a few together, and fastened as they grow to neat, painted sticks. There are several other annuals of a dwarfer habit than the fore- going, and also Grasses, which a good seedsman would indicate as being of use for the purpose. Potato : R. B. Ashleaf, probably that known aa the Egyptian. It is as good as the common variety, but hardly so early in coming into use. Slugs : G. N. They may be trapped with pieces of tile and slate raised just high enough from the soil to allow them to crawl underneath. These pieces should be examined daily, and the creatures col- lected. Bran laid in small heaps may be placed about in the houses. This substance has great attractions for slugs and snails. Hunt for them at night amongst the Petunia and Lobelia plants. The black slugs are the more destructive, the gardener being apt to forget their presence be- cause they are not so noticeable as their whitish- coloured brethren. Strawberry Plants : Gardener. The materials are not sufficient for the purpose of investigation. Send one or two affected plants, with soil, &c., just as they grew, in pots. WooDLicE : A. M. Set traps for them. Hay stuffed into small pots is sufiicient for the purpose. Pour boiling water repeatedly between the sidts of the bed and the wall. Perhaps a little carbolic acid would drive them away if strewn in their haunts. VouNG Gardener in North America : 1). T. Go to Boston, or New York ; or, if you like Canada, to Montreal, Ottawa, or Quebec. Ifjyou have a fair knowledge of your business, and are healthy and steady,you will, doubtless, ultimately succeed in life as a gardener. Do not be over nice, but take to any kind of work or a time, and until you have found the opportunity to look about you. Keep away from the temptations of the towns. In market gardens, of which there are many near the large centres of population, there is a large demand for labour in the spring — for much work has to be done in a short time. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. J. FoRDEs, Hawick, N.B. — Florists' Flowers. D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A.— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. E. P. Dixon, Hull— Farm Seeds. B. L. Coleman, Sandwich, Kent — Seeds. T. S. Wark, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham — Catalogues ol Hardy Perennials, &c. ; Chry- santhemums ; Hardy Florists' Flowers ; and Climbers, &c. Communications Ekckived. — .1. A.— \V. B. 11.— C. X.— .T. K.— H. E,— M. C. C— H. Comvon. Gfiievii.— A. P.— V. Sweeiiv. — A. Bishop. —Li. Ho«xw,— W. H.— H. H. W.— B. A.— J. J, W. A.D.— .7. D.— Thod. Fiiidlay (next week).— (}. Bunyard.— W. S.— W. Sntlierlaiid.— A. F. B.— P. E. N.— It. R.— Willi. Hans.— W. Madders.— J. Forbes. I^** Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or aJihng questioTvi demanding time and research for their soMion, mttst }iot expect in all cases to obtain an anstcer to their en- gmrics in the current iceek. The Swiss Stone Pine— Pinus Cembra.— It is a mistake to plant this Pine in soil that overlies the chalk or is impregnated with lime. In the gardens of which I have charge the treo has been planted in different parts, and in a variety of soils, some heavy some lighter, but all more or less containing lime ; although the chalk beds are not to be found until a depth of at least G feet is reached. In all instances the plants present the same appear- ance, pale yellow, sickly, look in the foliage, and do not make progress at all. In such a case as mine the removal of all the soil about the roots replacing it with leaf-soil, sand, and vegetable refuse, is the mode to adopt to renew the vigour of the trees. Soil varies so much in its suitability for growing Conifers, and this fact, not always being well known, leads persons to plant them in districts in which they will not prosper; whilst the Austrian Pine and Abies cephalonica and A. pinsapo flourish in a soil similar to ours, the P. cembra will barely exist, ^f. Mabch 2, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 281 Patronised hy H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, in the United Kingdom, Largest Manufacturers the mqforif// of the Nobilifi/, Gen fry, and Nurserymen of GARDEN POTTERY in existence. - *# ■— ■ "^ Confine themselves "solely" to the Manufacture of •' GARDEN POTS." Through the study of half h century they have aoqulrrd the secret of the proper materials to be mixed with the clay in order to produce a " Garden Pot " inwhich all plant life will flourish. Thia is acknowledged by the trade, and the re!*ult is that Sankey's Famous Garden Pota are used from Aberdeen to Penz^mce. Alaoin the Channel Isles. Ireland, New Zealand. &c. NO Waiting. Millions in Stock, ___ RICE .? -^SAMPLES FREE V PLANTING SEASON.— The following are a fe«' articles we can supply in large quantities: — Per 100. Per 1000. ASH, common, stout, 2 to 3 feet 35. Orf. 22f. Orf. ALDEK, common, stout. 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 20 0 BLACKTHORN. 3 feet 1 6 ... 13 6 Notwithstanding the strong recommenda- tion of Prunua myrobella. Blackthorn still makes the best game covert. BROOM, white. ;Uo 4 feet 13 0 PINUS AUSTRIACA. fiue, IJ to 2 feet ... 13 0 GORSE. common. 2-year 1 0 ... 7 6 PRH'ET. evergreen, fine. 3 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 25 0 SYCAMORE, common. 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 25 0 BOX. broad leaf, bushy, 1 to IJ foo* 17 0 LAURELS, common, ij to 2 feet 10 0 CATALOGUES. Wholesale and RetJiil, on application. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, The Drapery, Northampton. PI C E A CONCOLOR. PICEA CONCOLOR VIOLACEA. These are probably the most beautiful of all the Silver Firs. Imported by us direct from the high mountains of Utah ten or twelve years ago. they have stood the severe frosts of that period without trace of injury. In this respect, as well as being fuller in outline, denser and more recurved in foliage, and more lovely in colour, they much surpass P. lasiocarpa or Lowiana, seed of which, or of P. grandis, is usually supplied by American collectors under the name of P. concolor. Perfect Specimens of PICEA CONCOLOR. the foliage of of which is pea-green, 3 to 4 feet high, 10s. .!. ' All are from well-rooicJ. healthy plants ; one plant of each variety for 6.^.. or one plant of each size for Ifls., securely packed in maU. «>cij MORRISON BROTHERS, NurBeriea, Aberdeen. ^ULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A kJ certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. M, The only kind to use ia " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.CLimited). 9, Bull Ring. Birmingham. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER APTO CO., Farnborough, Hants. SILVER SAND ! ! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine)— best in the market. 20.000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 65. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the ptta. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 22. Polygon, London, N.W. Established nearly 30 years. Telegrams— " AUoquy, London." Trade supplied. EESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. 6d.. 5s. 6d., and IDs. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, I3s. By all Seedsmen, orapplvdirect to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. ATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts fro7n Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES. FRUIT. &c.— C. FiDLER, Reading, used it for Potato^, and says:-" I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it Ihave gained over 560 prizes." NATR'E GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, \ised it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says:—" With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29. New Bridge Street. Blackfriars, London. E.C.. where Pamphlets of Testimonials. &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Pbize Medals. ,^ QuaUty, THE BEST In the Marltet. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown tibroua ... 5s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6(f. „ 5 sacks for 40s LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST Ms. per bush., 3s per sack LEAP, or PEAT MOULD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse, ls.6d. per bush., 14s. half-ton 24s ton RAFFIA FtBRE. best only Is per lb TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb. • 28 lb 27s SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., 8s. per sack ' CHUBB'S " PERFECT" FER-1 In Bios TILIZER (the Best Food for ( •— ! , all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. I41b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt Fmita. Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIR6IN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- BUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN QUANO NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL &c ' PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, 42 per ton. Eitra large Sample Bales. 6s. each. Also prepared tor Poultry Pens. Rabbits, &c. , in Sacks, Is. 6rf. each • 10 Sacks, 12s. 6./. ; L'O Sacks, 2.3s. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. 4(i. each; 10sack3,12s.tid.: 15sacks,17s.6rf.; 20 sacks 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks! 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6rf e.ich SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists. Market Gardeners, ami (illiprs (concentrated info a Dry Powder) CHUBB'S " PRODUCTIVE " MANURE, in bags, f Sjper^ton (bags included) ; sample 1 cwt. bag, 4s., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any other manure, no matter what prioij CHUBBS " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags, £2 per ton (bags included); sample Icwt. bag, 3$., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cusli untharder. Bankers, Union Bank of Oiiulon. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MUwall, London, E. PEAT for ORCHIDS, AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS, to. The Best In the World. A. JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenliall Street, London, E.C., continue to receive the highest of testimonials (unsolicited) from large Orchid Gronera, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A.J. & Co. is by far the best they have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or forwarded on application free of charge. BONES !-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting Grass Lands. &o. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, GARDEN GUANO. DI.SSOLVED BONES, Special MANURE'S and FERTILIZERS for all purposes. For Prices, appiv to HARRISON. BARBER ft 00. (Umlted), QARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W. ME. F. PERKINS, ToBAcco^fIST, 16, Cam- bridge Circus, Hackney Road. E.— TOBACCO PAPER and CLOTH, lOi. per lb. ; 28 lbs., f 1 2s. 6d. ; 56 lbs., £2 3s. ; 112 lbs.. £4 4s. Goods forwarded on receipt of Post-olfice Order. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfecf Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed, Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO., (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I D E'S BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Beat Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practicaUy in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus sare half the ordinary cost. NO TRA\'P:LLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed icith the utmost promptness arid under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Kates in force to all parts. GEO. GARSIDE, Jun.. F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE. Certain cind Sudden DEATH to Insects on Plants. g" CLEANLY IN USE. ^ HARMLESSS TO TENDER FOLIAGE. b' 5 Highly recommended by — g H Mr. HiERtsON. Gr. to Earl ot Derby, Knowsley. 1 ,^ Mr. Bennett „ Lord Bunon. Rangemore. ^ a Mr. Flack ,, Marquis of Cholmondeley. 5 Mr. ASHTON ,, Lord Howard of Glossop. - fMr. Milne „ Lord Delamere. Vale Boval. S Mr. Bhothebston ., Earl ot Haddington, Tyn'ing- g ham, and many others. n g PRICES :— n M Pints. Quarts. J Gallon. I Gallon. 4 Gallons. S % Is. 64 23. 9d. Bs. 9b. 34s. '§ g Askjyour Seedsman for it, or we will send sample tins ^ DO free on receipt c£ price. WM. CLIBRAN & SON, OLDFIELD NURSERY, ALTRLNCHAM; 10 and 12. MARKET STREET, MANCHESTER. HUGHES' Soluble^ Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an Insecticide, it kills effectually aU parasites and insects which infest plants whether at the roots or on the foliage, without injury to tender plants^ such as ferns, etc., if used as directed. Used as a WASH it imparts the gloss and lustre to the foliage which is so desirublo on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without it I It makes » silky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action; kills fleaa, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be Mrithout it ! Used with ordinary household soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTANT, BLEACHER, & CLEANER OF FABRIC8. It kills insect life on man, animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, wherever parasites may appear. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is, 6d,,2s. Od. & 43. 6d.; J gallon 7s. Gd.,1 g'allonl2s. 6d., or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post frea on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester, "WnoLESALR from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Hnuses. NEW YORK— RoLKBB & SoNg. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALE.AS, &c. EPP3 & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, a5 above, of lirst-clnss quiility, at lowest prices. Send for Samples, Price Liat and Testimonials. DopOt for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM. COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Kingwood, Hants. -yANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, Ud. per -L yard ; lOj. per 100 yards ; 26 yards. 2 yards -wide, post- free. 4.*. : 4 yards wide. fid. per yard, 20,^. per KiO NEW TVVINKNETTINO. 1-inch mesh, 1 ,„rd wiri;.. 2,/.; 2 yards wide, .'i.j:.; 4 yards wide, ll,i. per ynnl. COTTON NETTING ,')) niches wide. 1(1 meshes to square inch, Id. per yard (beat • rttile to protect fruit trees. &c.). PILCHARD NETTINO. 13 yards wide. J-inch mesh, M. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD. 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, Luodon, E, Mahch 2, 1889.] THE OAEDENERS' CHRONICLE. 283 SCIENTIFIC PRUNING and TRIMMING MADE SAFE, EASY, and RAPID. The New ami Latest Invention/or Scientific Prwu'iii/, Trhmning and Thinning-out on a large scale. THE GIANT PRUMER. The grt\it success of the "Standard" Tree Primer and the " Mytii-utt-ah" hns induced ua to give our attention to the pro- duction of a somewhat similar Implement, but of a much more powerful consfruofion. In the Giant Pruner you have a tool capaMe of EASILY cutting a bninch 7 inches in circumference, with an eiertiug pressure of IJ tons, in 13 seconds. Lengtlis from 2 feet to 113 feet. Prices from 22s. to 30s. For lUustrated Price LISTS (in English, French, German, Sec.) of above and other Noveltie3 in Pruning Tools, Fruit ai^l Flower Gatherers, &,o., apply to the Principal Ironmongers ami Seedsmen at home and abroad ; or of the The Now and Iiif^'Hious Hand to Hand Pruner, " MYTICUTTAH " (Ro-i.stcrcd Trade Jlark and Title). Patented in Great Britain, France, and Germany. Hitherto, strictly correct Pruning could only be done by liolding the branch with one hand and u'ling :i Knife with the other, but then only for sniiiii branchca, whereas the "Myticuttah" itself holds the branch, cutting over an inch in diameter, and in cose of prickly bushes, &c., it saves the bands from injury. tSarden and Lopping Shears, which hack and bruise the branch, are entirely superseded by this new Patent, and its many advantages will at once commend it to tho practical Gardener or Forester. Sole Proprietors and 3iakers : THE STANDARD MANUFACTURING COMPANY, ST. ALKMUND'S CHURCHYARD, DERBY. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (TelegrapMo Address -" HOT-WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardener.s generally their NEW PATENT (No- 9090, isss) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, "Which is, -without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market. It combines all the ad- vantages of its class so well knotcn, and by the improved method of forming the joints — yi;., with India- rubber Washers, thQ Old and too often Ineffect- ual way of cauHdng tne Joints is entirely dispensed wltti. It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thorotighly sound and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every possible way, more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result has been highly satisfactory. \ or PATTNT J THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c. INSPECTION INVITED. PKICE LIST ON 4PPLICATI0N. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &,C. All Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. 0 W. RICHARDS, U, WelUngton Street, Strand, LONDON. W.C. _1889. Please send me " Tkx Gabdenbbs' Chbonicle " for . ^Months, _,for which I enclose P.0.0._ commencing @° Flease Note tbat all Copies sent Direct tiova. tUa Office must be paid for ia advance. ,£1 THE ITNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months. ISs. ; 6 Months, 7s. M. ; 3 Months, 3s. M. ; Post-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. 6rf. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6d F^ceipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P.0.0. (o be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND." o c, March 2, 1889. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, beat quality, l.s. Zd. per sack ; 10 sacks. 10s.; '^Q for 18s.; aO for 25s.; sacks included; truck, containing more than two ton, 2Hs., free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; b for 22s. 6rf. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, is. fAi!CH 2. 1889. w. H. LASCELLES & go., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. GATES, WIRE NEniNC, &c. in Complete Catalogue ot all kinrti ul Iruii and Wire Fencing, Grates, Giilvanised Wire Netting, free on apiilication. BAYLISS, JONES, & BAYLISS, WOLVERHAMPTON, London Offices and Show Rooms, 139 & 141, Cannon St., E.C, SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool ; a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS w m 01 DOMO i) REGISTERED* ■ ^ TRADE MARK For price list & particulars Address- RENJAMlNrOGINGTON KB 3 Duke S^ U London B/^/dge GARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Ruatio Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices ot WATSON AND SCULL, »0. Lnw«r Thames Street, London. K.C. Oarden Nettings. Hothouse Shadings, TUrany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHADIN03, TIFFANY, RIGBY. WAINWRIGHT AND CO., Manufacturers. Neptune Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDINtf for Florists. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8b. 6d. per 100 feet 15 or. 12x10. 18x13, 18X14,24X14. 14x12, 30x12, 18X16, 24X16. 12s. per 100 feet 21 oz. ,.. 16x12, 16x14, 20 X 16. 24x18, &c. Putty, 6s. 6rf. percwt.; White Lead, genuine, 21s.; Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil. Stone Ochre 204.; Oxford Ochre. 24s.; Green. 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt. ; Vamieh, from f>s. fid. per gal.— Full Price Liet on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 96, Biahopagate Streafc Within, London, E.G. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, And at 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Booting, &.C. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. ^ ^ o>.S C AU Made in superior earthenware, 14 in. long, yj in. deep.acd6in. wide. Inside, 2f inches from the top. is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttings or seeds is placed, the tower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-iuch hotr water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price. I.'!, each ; glass shade for top. Is. 6d. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. RnrrtPn Pntn 1 O"" ^^« unsurpassed by any in the Trade. uaxaen rois. [ ^hey are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and !^hape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List. —THOS PASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S.E CHEAP FRAMES, HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock /> T AQQ always on Hand. \J, J_| /\ Q |^ , Special quotations for quantities, WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prires. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITGH, LONDON, E. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the moat useful kind of frame for plant Rrowing, and every one with a g.irden should pos,^eis one. The sa.'ihea turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — £ s, d. 2 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet „ 4 feet „ 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 6 feet „ 5 feet „ 12 feet „ 5 feet „ Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders -ind Engineers. Hoyal Horticultural Works, Middle ton, ManclieBter. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton. Seedsman. &c., 2, Holloway Road, N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Builders and Heating Engineers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES ot every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Cbapelp, Shooting Lodges. Cottages, Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &o. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Churches, Schools. Public Buildings, Mansions. Haroei<^^ Rooms, Drying Rooms. Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. Illustrated Circulart Post-free. complete Catalosrue, 88. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BEST QUALITY ONLV. Pit Lighffl. 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either .1 or 4 bars for 8 in. or 10 in. glass, 4s. 9rf. each ; or. by the 100. 4i. ^. each. H X 3 Rafters, 7s. per 100 feet. H X 2^ ,, 6s. per 100 feet. All other materials at squally low prices. Free on Rail. Caith with Order. Send for Quotations. BICHABD TAYLOR, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, KDaMONTON. To NuTBemuen. Seed MerchantB. and FlorUta. JBLACKIiUKN and SONS are offering Aroh- • angel Mat s lower than any other bouse in the trade ; alio Petersburg Mat.s and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco P^pw. ind Shading. Prii'es free. — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. K.C. KCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA.— Russia Mats and RfllTia at lower prices than supplied by any olher firm; also nil kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Canes, and other Sundri«i at Wholesale Prices to the Trade only. MAKENDAZ UTD FISHEK, James 8t»^t, Covent Gardso, W.O. \ Mabch 2, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 285 31-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, ol above sizes, in boxes of lOU feet Hud 200 feet >ui)er, English Glass, out to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and soimd in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Owu Special Manufacture. GBOBGE FARIVEILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass. Oil. and Colour Merchants. 34, St John Street, West Smlthfield. London, E.C. Stoclc Lists aud Prices ou application. Please quote Chronicle. BOULTON&PAUL, HORTICULTURAL •htz-.-dtttx/itt BUILDERS. NORWICH. No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the most durable red deal, and are the best to be had. The Frames are of 1| inch board3. 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with beat English 21-oz, glass and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 n.\ (£2 " by6 by 6 br a by 6 by 6 2 J» 8 3 JJ 1-2 4 It 10 6 }} W 6 n Caali Prices, CaxrlageJ ani ■* Packing FREE. 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 0 0 CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Loudomlerry, Glasgow, and Edin- burgh, or stations equivalent, CATALOGUES POST-FREE. RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS ■nmerooi Pilie Medals and Cciti&catea of Merit. Fixed in any part of the Kingdoai nth HoUwaUr Apparatnj complete. Catalogue Free. Itrtli of England HorUcBUBnl Worki, DARLINGTON. Warren's Patent ""PCLIPSE FUMIGATOR." -Li The only Apparatus in use for (uccessfully Fumi- gating all kinds of Glass Structures. Thug saving the Plants, ic, from failures arising from the Heated Apparatus having to be used inside, also the He.'\UIi of the Operator. I'nrivalled for Rose &nd Fruit Trees. The Tube is made in different lengths, and passed through any portion of the woodwork with an augur. A revolving zinc-plate to cover hole sent with each article, and directions for use. Supplied only by the Patentee, .CHARLES WARREN, Leigh, Chulmleigh, North Devon. Price, I&s. 6d. each. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. /Jead Line cfi^irged at two. 4 Lines , . £0 3 0 I 15 Lines 6 „ e „ 7 » 8 ., 9 „ 10 „ 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14 „ AMD SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIOHIX LIME, If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will II aet across three Columns the lowest charge will Page. £8; Half Page. £4 10s.; Column. £3. 0 3 6 16 0 4 0 17 0 4 6 18 0 5 0 19 0 5 6 20 0 6 0 21 0 6 6 23 0 7 0 23 0 7 6 24 0 8 0 25 £0 8 6 0 9 0 0 9 6 0 10 0 0 10 6 0 11 0 0 11 6 0 12 0 0 12 6 0 13 0 0 13 6 ill he 301. wiU bs 30i. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, 1j, 6^-, and Qd. for every additional line (about 9 worda) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MDST BK PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.—Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5j. each insertion. Advertisemerits for the current week must reach the Offict bi/ Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months, 15a. ; 6 Mentha, 7s. 6d.; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 19s. 6d. Post olfice Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C., to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advektisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. RAFFIA.-RAFFIA. ARCHANGEL MATS, SHADING CANVAS. ALL I'RICE.S COXaiDERALLy REDUCED. JAMES T. ANDEKSON, 135, Commercial Street, Spitalfielda. London, E.C. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS ARE EEST KErRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDES ; — THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16tli Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30tll Year. and HjRTICDLTDRIST 42ndYear. THE FLORAL CABINET ITth Year. United In ONE. Making the Largei^t, He^t, Ctliest. Livelieat. Handsomest GardeJting Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Couutriea in the Uiiiversal Postal Union, 10a. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross. London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisementi and Subscrip- tions may be sent. ASpecimen Copy post-free for lOd. (stamps). Darwin's Naturalist's Voyage. Next Week, a Cheiip imd Popular EdiLion, with Portrtiit of tho Author. Crown 8vo. 3s. Gd. THE VOYAGE of H.M.S. "BEAGLE" Round the WORLD, with Notes on the Natural History and (feolojjy of the Couutries Visited. By CHAKLE3 DARWIN, M.A., F.K.S., Author of " Origin of Species," &c. JOllV MURRAY. Albermurle Street. 8vo. Sewed, price I63., ''FHE ORCHIDS of the CAl^E TENINSULA. X UyHARKV Bolus, F.LS. With 36 Plates, partly Coloured. Cape Town. 1888. K. A. RuLFE. writing in Nature, nays :— " The thirty-six. partly-coloured pltitea, which represent the rarer or least known species, are drawn by the Aut'or, aud the dirtsectiona and botanical details are admirably portrayed." The Gardeners' Chronicle says:— "The author has carefully consulted the requirements of studeuta by enpply an index, aud, best of all, by supplying a aeries of thirty-six partially- coloured lithographic illustrations, in which the botanical details are clearly given." W. WESLEY AND SON, as. Easei Street. Strand, W.C. Recently Published. Post-free for Six Stamps. W WESLEY AND SUN'S Natural History • and Scientific Book Circular; No. 92 (Eighteenth year of Publication) containing over 2000 valuable and im- portant works on BOTANY, including Local Floras, Herbals, Phanerograms, Economic Botany, Physiology of Plants, Bo- tanical Microscopy, forming a portion of the Stock of W. WESLEY AND SON, Scientific Booksellers and Pub- lishero, 28, Essex Street, Strand, W.C. AM. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK begs to • intimate that he has a few Vacancies for Young Gentlemen wishing to avail themselves of his tuition in PRACTICAL and THEORETICAL HORTICULTURE, BOTANY, BOTANICAL TERMINOLOGY, LANDSCAPE GARDENING, BOOK-KEEPING, anl COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCE in DUTCH, GERMAN, ENGLISH, and FRENCH. The highest possible references, English and Continental, can be given. — Full particulars as to terms, &c., upon application. A. M. C. JONGKINDT-CONINCK, Royal Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near Zwolle, Netherlands. OUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Refjent Street, London, W. Situations found fur all Pupils at good salaries. ANTED, a HEAD WOIiKING GAR- DENEK. — Suburbs, London. Must be first-class man, well experienced, and industrious. — Apply, by letter, toH., Messrs. Charles Barker & Sons, 8, Birchin Lane, E.C. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER, three under him. — Age not to exceed 40, married ; wife preferred who could undertake Laundry, Must be of good character, and have a thorough knowledge of Gar- dening in all its branches. — Wages 25s. a week, house and coal.— E. C, 59, Eaton Place, London, W. WANTED, a steady, energetic young MAN, well up ia Propagating and Growing Cut Forced Flowers and Fruit for Market. Must be a good Rose Budder. A permanent and progressive situation to a really competent person. — State experience, wages required, &c. — H. BENNETT Pedigree Rose Nursery, Shepperton, Middlesex. WAJsTED, THREE strong, active young MEN, of good character, as Jouroeymen in the Houses, in a large Market Establishment, where Grapes, Peaches, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Plants," &c., are largely grown. Wages about 145. per week, witn Bothy and Vegetables; also TWO or THREE young MEN as Improvers under Glass. Wages, 12s per week, and no Bothy.— J. McPHUN, Mr. Thomas Wild Sipson, [Jilt Slough. Assistant in Soft-wooded Department. MESSRS. JAMES VEITOH and SONS have a VACANCY for a young MAN as above. — Must have had some experience in the Propagation and Cultivation of all kinds of SofL-wooded Plants. — Apply, by letter, stating age, experience, and wages required, to Koyal Exotic Nursery, King's Road. Chelsea. S.W. Trade. WANTED, a young MAN, thoroughly expe- rienced in Outside Mushroom Growing, also Tomatos, Vines, and General Flowers for Market. Permanent situation to steady industrious man willing to make himself useful. Good references.— State full particulars. F. WOOLF, Mill- brook, Hants. WANTED, for a Market Nursery, a single MAN, us Tomato and Chrysanthemum GrowT. Permanent situation. — State wages expected and experience to TURNER BROS.. Green Hill Nursery. Allerton. Liverpool. ANTED, a young MAN who under- itands Cucumber, Melon, and Tomato Growing, and who could take charge of 20 acres of Fruit Ground. — J. B. THOMAS. Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, for Stove Depirtment, with a fair knowledge of Propagating, in a Market Nursery. Wages commencing at 18s. per week. State experience, with references, to TURNER BROS., Green Hill Nurwery, Allerton, Liverpool. WANTED, a MAN, accustomed to Growing Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables for Market, both under Glass and Outdoors.— Apply, in first instance, to J. UDALE, Hall Gardens, Elford. Ta. iworth, btatiug age, re- ferences, aud wages required. w 286 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 2, 1889. WANTED, several young MEN, used to Fruit aad Plant Growing. — Apply to FOREMAN. Tumford Hall Nursery. Turnford, near Hoddesdon. Herts. ANTED, experienced WATERCRESS GROWER, for Making New Beds near Crowleigh.— Apply by letter, stating age. experience, and wages expected, L. M. C 47. Fitzjolin's Avenue. London, N.W. WANTED, AT ONCE, a smart young LAD, to take cliarge of two Greenhouses, and who has some knowledge of Book-keeping and Corresponding. — A. J. MANDA. 139, B.arry Koad. East Dulwich. S.E. A' VACANCY OCCURS in a Wholesale London Seed Establishment for a TRAVELLER. Pre- ference given to one who has taken the journies before, and who knows thr l\Iidland Counties and Wales. — Applicants state particulars to ALFRED LEGERTON, Seed Merchant. 6, Aldgate, London. E. ENJ. G. STONE, begs to express his thanks to the 154 Applicants for the Vacancy in our establish- ment, and wishes to say HE IS SUITED. The testimonials received shall be returned to the various parties in due course. — Elkington Estate Office. February 28, 1SS9. eABDEWING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. A^'iLLLiAM Ellis, for the past fourteen years Head Gardener at Castle Wood Mansion, Shooter's Hill, S.E., has been engaged as Gar- dener to G. Mayor, Esq., Holmwood, Weybridge. Mr. Sutton, late of Pain's Hill, Cobhara, has been appointed Head Gardener to T. A. Hankey, Esq., M.P., Silverlands, Chertsey, Surrey. Mr. NisBET has been appointed Head Gar- dener to His Grace the Duke of Westmin.stf.r, Cliveden, Maidenhead, after twenty-eight years' faithful service to Sir Thomas Whichcote, Aswarby Park, Sleaford. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed '■'Paste Hestatite" to initials or to Jictitioui names are not fortvurded, but are at OJice returned to thi writers. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Pai/ment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyo7id the postmark on envelope hij which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. POSTAL ORDEliS. — To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be fitted i?i piyable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as. unless tht Jiumber of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.Ii. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, aud thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Poatal Address— " DICKSONS, CHESTER." ICH ARD SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking eitnations, and that they ■will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING AND SONS can at present recommend with every confidence several enerpetic and practical MEN of tested ability aud first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlonn^n in want of GARDENERS and EAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or SinpU- handed Situations, can be suited and have full particulars by applying at Stan^^teitd Park and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, London, S.E. OR .THE CONVENIENCE of those who may Correspond with me, allow me to say that THOS. PORTER was FOREMAN of the Fruit-house and Kitchen Garden, not General Foreman, as would ba inferred by the Advertisement.— D. McKENZIE. Sherwood Gardens, Tunbridge Wells. RCHID GROWER and HEAD GAR- DENER. — Advertiser is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman in want of a practical man. First-class Orchid, Plant, Fruit, and Vegetable Grower. Twenty years' experi- ence in leading places. Most excellent references as to trust- worthiness and ability.—W. K., Golden Acre Nursery, Granton Road, Edinburgh. GTo Noblemen and Gentlemen. ARDENER (Head), or WORKING MANAGER.— Successful Grower of Grapes. Peaches, Wall Fruits, Tomatos. Cucumbers, Vegetable, Stove and Green- house Plants, Orchids, Ferns, and choice Cut Flowers in quantity where surplus is sold. Twenty years' experience.— ALPHA., Lodge, Aahurst Place, Langton, Tunbridge Wella. GARDENER (Head), FORESTER, and general ESTATE ALANAGER, or otherwise.— Has had for the last fifteen years charge of Gardens and Estate, Woods aad Plantations, the Value and Measurement of Timber, Management of Men, &c. Excellent testimonials from his late employer aud others.— W. H. CHAPMAN, Westbury ParJ{, Petersfield, Hampshire. GARDENER (Head) ; age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a thoroughly competent man, they can be accommodated by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghley Gardens. Stamford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30. — Mr. A. BEECir. Head Gardener, to Edgar Hibbert, Esrj., Ashby, St. Ledgers Lodge, Rugby, will be pleased to recommend a thoroughly practical man as above. f^ ARDENER (Head); age 29.— T. H. Syees V-T wishes to recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gen- tleman in want of a thoroughly reliable man, where four or more are kept. Church of England.— Cringle House, Cheadle, Cheshire. Orclild Grower. GARDENER (Head),— Age 40, married; skilful Orchid, Grape, and Pine Grower. Many years Head Gardener where every branch has been thoroughly carried out. Twenty years' references. — F. COX, 30^, George Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham. ARDENER (Head).— Sir Thomas Which- COTE, who is reducing his Gardening Establishment, wishes to recommend his Head Gardener ; he is thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession, and has held his present position for twenty-eight years. — Aswarby Park, Folkingham, Lincolnshire. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. F. W. Bun- BlDGK can recommend a man of considerable experience as a Working Head Gardener, or as Farm Bailiff combined. — Age 30, unmarried; England or North of Ireland preferred. Trained on a large estate in Ireland, but has also had English experience. — For all particulars, &c., address Mr. BUR- BIDGE, 91, Haddington Road, Dublin. GARDENER (Head). — George Strudwick, for the past three years Foreman at Giimsthorpe Castle, is open to engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man a3 above. Thirteen years' experi- ence in all branches; first-class references. Thorough investi- gation invited as to character and ability. — Upper Church Koad, Farncombe, Godalming. GARDENER (Head), — In consequence of the death of Lady Parker, widow of Sir Henry Watson Parker, K.C.M.G., deceased, William Bowell is now seeking a re-engagement as above, having filled the appointment as Head Gardener to his late and lamented employers for upwards of twenty years, where everything appertaining to Gardening was carried out in a thoroughly ethcient manner, including Decorative Work. &c., and has a good knowledge of Cattle. Will be pleased to negotiate with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the same.— WILLIAM BOWELL, 2, Elm Villas, Richmond, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 42, married ; twenty-eight years' practical expi.'rieuce in all branches. Eighteen and a half years' good character from present employer. Can recommend a young man as good Journeyman.— W. DUNCAN, Newton Saint Cyres, Exeter. GARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married, no family. — W. H. DiVEBa, Head Gardener for J. T. Hopwood, Esq., Ketton Hall, Stamford, will be pleased to recommend a man to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a honest, industrious, and eflicient Gardener. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married when suited ; sixteen years' experience in Vines, Pines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, Early and Late Forcing. — G. McLEOD, 6, Glen Cottages, Holly Road, Hounslow. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, married; no family; over twenty years' first-class practical experience in all branches; also understands Laud and Stock. Unexceptional references. — Y. B., Ewing &, Co., Nurserymen, Havant. GARDENER (HeadWobking).— Thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening. Fourteen years' experience in firstrclass places. Steady man. Unexceptional references. Wife good Dairy Woman. — Please state full par- ticulars to GARDENER, Ingatestone Hall, Essex. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 33, single; thoroughly understands Fruit, Flower, and Vegetable Growing, In and Out, with excellent references. Ten years' characters. — W. H., 7, Walpool Road. Merton, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two others are kept.— Age -10, married ; thirty years' experience. Understands Vines, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Can have twenty years' good character from present employer.— GARDENER, Trafalgar, Salisbury. ARDENER (Head AVorking), where two or more are kept.— Age '2S, married when suited; excellent references. Thirteen years' experience. Well up in the general routine of Gardening. Abstainer.- P., 5, Laura Place, Holland Park Road, Kensington, W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married ; thorough good practical Gardener. Twenty years' experience in Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers. Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse, Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Abstainer. Highly recommended. Please etnte full particulars of place.— GARDENER, 3, Albert Terrace, Castlj Hill, Ealing, W. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or four are kep. — Age 3u, married, no family ; thoroughly experienced. Goodall-rouud Gardener. Frst-clasa reference.— B., 9, Maxwell Road, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30; thirteen years' experience in all branches of the pro- fession. Highest references as to character and ability. — G. H., 3, Oaklea Passage, Kingston-on-Thames. GARDENER (Head Working), where several are kept. — Age 42, married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Twenty-five years' experience where Gardening has been well done ; Land and Stock, Good character from last and previous employers. — A. B., Mr. Bennett, Holly Nursery, Potters Bar. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept. — Age 39, married, two children ; over twenty yea-rs' thorough practical experience in all branches of the pro- ^^^dion in good establishments. Highest references as to ability and character. — GILBERT, Gardener, Brixworth, Northamptonshire. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). — Has a thorough knowledge of Vines, Peaches, Cucum- bers, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen Gardening, Sec. — W. W., The Gardens. Minster, Thauet. ARDENER (First, or good Single- HA.NDED). — Thoroughly practical and industrious, with aneyetoneatness.— E.B.,5y,ThurlowHiIl, West Dulwich, S.E ARDENER.— Age 33; esperienced in all branches of profession. Total abstaiuer.— W. T. H., Broadmoor Cottage, Weston, Bath. G> ARDENER. — Thorough practical. Twenty r years' experience in good establishments. Wife good Cook, or Manage Small Dairy. Good characters. — GAR- DENER, 3, Lyndhurst Road, Chichester. Sussex. G1 ARDENER. — Age 29, married; fifteen I years' practical experience amongat Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. Knowledge of Market Gardening. Good refer- ences.—GEO. MILLS, Market Street Lane. Belptr. ARDENER, GROOM. — Married ; weTl acquainted with Horses, Kitchen, and Flower Garden. Highly recommended from present place. Leaving through death. — H. B., Sudbury House Gardens, Hammersmith. W. ARDENER and BAILIFF.— Married, no family; wife Dairy and Poultry. Nine years' cha- racter. Twenty years' experience. — Hunt Felday, Dorking, Surrey. ARDENER (good Single-handed).— Age 42, married, no young children ; good reference. Would give £3 to any one enabling him to getagood situation. Twenty-five years' good experience in all branches. — G. W., Mr. Curnow, 1, Bute Place. St. Helen's Road. Swansea. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Married ; understands Kitchen and Flower Garden ; ten years' good character. — H. MORGAN, Brookwood Park. Alresford, Hants. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26 ; good experience in all branches of the profession. Excel- lent character. — E. C, 6, Percy Terrace, King's Road. Mort- lake. Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed, or take charge of Lawn), make himself useful. — Middle-aged; four and a half years' good character. Leaving through estab- lisliment breaking up. — S. F., Woldringfold, Horsham, Sussex GARDENER (Single-handed). ^Age 28, married, one child; twelve years' experience ; twoyeari' good character from last place. Abstainer.- H. CARPENTER. 81, Romany Road, West Norwood, S. GARDENER (Single-handed).- Age 27, married ; abstainer, non-smoker. Experienced iu all branches. Exceptional references. Willing to bo useful. — E. FABRAY, 17. Alford Terrace, Union Grove. Clapham, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed); age 2".— Geohoe Thomson, Gardener, Easneyc. Ware, Herts, would like to recommend his Foreman. Charles Simmons, to any Lady or Gentleman. Thoroughly experienced, sober, honest, aud obliging. Three years in present situation. /^ ARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). \J" — Ten years' experience. Good character.- II. VERNON, 79. Harwood Road, Fulham, S.W. GARDENER (Second), where three or more are kept.— Thoroughly steady and industrious. TotMl abstainer. First-class references. — W., The Gardens, Mount Mascal, Bexley, Kent. GARDENER (Second), where others are kept. — Ago 2S; ei^ht years' experience Inside and Out. Good character, State wages, &c. — B., Boolright Cottage, Southern Hill, Reading. GARDENER (Second), no objection to Market Work. — Age 23 ; a thorough persevering man. Understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, aud Ferns. Two and a half years' character.— D. POTTER, Worton Road, Isleworlh. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN in the Houses. — Age 22 ; eight years' practical expe- rience. Two years' good character. Can have good testimo- nials.—F. MILLS. Brookthorpe, near Clouccster. GARDENER (Under), where three or more are kept. — Age 20; two years' good character. Bothy preferred. Strong and willing.— 0. H., Swallowfield, Beading. I Maech 2, 1889.] THE GARDENEB8' CHBONICLE. 287 GARDENER (Undeh).— Age 24; steady. Qood character.— T. BRINKLOW, Horn HiU, Chalfout St. Peter's, Bucks. ARDENER (Under).— Age 18 ; used to Glass ami Kitcheo Garden. Good refereuces. Abstainer. .\. C. hi, BatlmrstMews. Padilingtjn. W. G GARDENER (Undkk), Inside and Out.— Age 22; six yenrs" experience; two years' good clm- TOCter from present employer. Bothy preferreii.— J. T,, 9, Lynilou Rixul. Kelvodere, Kent. C^ ARDENEK (Under), in a Gentleman's \^ estublibhraent.— Age 21 ; three years' good character from present employer. Abstainer.— C. HEAD, Loudon Hill, Hiirrow-ou-tho- Hill, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under).— Age :20; understands Vines, Greenhouses, and a knowledj'e of Stove Pliints. Three and a half years' experience.— J. CARTER. Clermont Garden's, Watton, Norfollc. G GARDENER (Under).— C. J. Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor Gardens, IJeckenham, will be f:lad to recommend two young men who have lived with him two years, and are leaving for no fault. GARDENER (Under), Indoors or Out.— Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Two years' good character from last place, — J. KEEN, Maywood, Kenilworth Boad, Leamington. ARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Bothy preferred; five years in present situation. Good character. — G. C, Ro.se Cottage, Cross Street, Farnborough, Hants. To Market Gardeners. FOREMAN, or MANAGER.— Experienced ; good references. Well up in Growing for Market. Could manage Glass if required. — G. H., 30, Lower Ashley Road, Bristol. OURNEYMAX (First), in the Houses.— Age 22 ; seven years' experience ; good character. — A. SMITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above. FOREMAN, Inside. — Age 26 ; twelve years' experience in Fruit and Plants, Floral Decorations. Good references. Six vears' character from last situation. — DA\"rES, Handsworth, Sheffield. OREMAN, in the Houses ; age 25.— Chas. McMath, Gardener Holm View, Lowestoft, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Gardener in want of a thorough good man. FOREMAN, Outside. — Married when suited ; good practical experience in Gardening. Twelve years' experience. Three years in present situation. Well recom- mended.— S. T., Tilgate, Crawley, Sussex. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; twelve years' practical experience. Good references. Three years' good character as Foreman. — J. DUNCAN, Rokeby Park, Barnard Castle, Yorks. FOREMAN, in the Houses, or General. — Twelve years' experience in all branches. Highest re- ferences as to character and competency. — J. NUWELL, Brenchley, Kent. FOREMAN; age 25.— A. YouNO, Pendley Manor, Tring, will be pleased to recommend to any Gardener requiring a highly trustworthy and reliable man — T. Feno— who has been with him two years, and has had ten years' experience in various large places. Total abstainer. FOREMAN ; age 25. — G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to Sir Henry Bessemer, Denmark Hill, S.E., can with confidence recommenanthemum family." Texas Si/tings. " There is no doubt whatever that it is the mo-t remarkable flower of recent introduction. Cue might use a whole column of adjectives describing the flower without saying too much." The American Garden. " Of all the remarkable Chrysanthemums brought to notice within a few yearn, ' Mra. Alpheus Hardy ' is attracting the most attention. It has received premiums at all the flower shows where it has been exliibited." Rural Neiu Yorker, "The 'Mrs. Alpheus Hardy' has been referred to as the queen of the exhibition, aud visitors crowd around the glass case in which she is kept to catch a glance of this famous bloom." Philadelphia Public Ledger " The ' Mrs. Alpheus Hardy ' is a magnificent flower and a special favourite." iVcit' York Press. "The feathery petals have been likened to ostrich tips, but that is, after all, a coarse comparisof. They are more like the ideal plumage of an eyually ideal angel." Aeic York World. *' After a careful examination of the celebrated new Chrysanthemum, ' Mrs. Alpheus Hardy.' in the opinion of your committee, it is worthy of the highest award in tht g ft of the Society." Judges' Report, Philadelphia Exhibition. " The most beautiful of all, the mOst beautiful Chrysanthemum that exists, is the famous ' Mrs. Alpheus Hardy." The addition of this downy covering to Its pure white petals gives it delicacy, charm and sentiment ; makes it as poetical as a Water Lily or a Roae." George Fleming in " Garden and Forest." " The variety, • Mrs. Alpheus Hardy,* wps the one thing of greatest interest at the !-how. and I do not overstate the fact^ when I say that not one out of the many thou^auds who beheld it but exclaimed ' Ueuutiful ! Wonderful 1 " and other like exclamations."" From //ill ^- Co., Proprietors of the Richmond Rost Nurseri/. " The ' Mrs. Alpheus Hardy ' is most interesting as a novelty. Unlike many novelties, too, it has a distinct and genuine beauty.'" Editor of the " Garden and Forest." "The star of the show was the 'Mrs. Alpheus Hardy,' unquestionably the most unique introduction of recent year^. One might say the most unique introduction in the entire list uf Chrysanthemums without being far out." Ths American Florist. Do not delay ia Ordering this beautiful Chrysanthemiun, Plants Ordered now will he delivered in ApriL Price of Plants 6s. each, £3 5s. per dozen, post-paid. SPECIAL. TERMS TO THE TRADE. Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing all the best American-raised varieties, inchiding many which have received a Silver Medal, or First-class Certificate of Merit, will be sent on application. Please Address all Communications to : — A. J. MANDA, (Agent for Europe of the United States Nurseries), 139, BARRY ROAD, EAST DULWICH, LONDON S.E. ^" "- ' ■'" ' ' ' ■ '■■ ' '■ . '■■"' ■ ' ■ ^ ' ' Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;"" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellingt^in Street. Covent Garden, L ndon, W.C. Printed by William RicHAitua. at the Office of Messrs. BHADDURy, Aonkw. & Co. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Cou«ty of Middlesex, and published by the ■aid William KicSAJiDS, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden, in the said County.— Si-TURDAY, March 2, IsaS. Agent for Manchester— John HkywooD. Established i84i No. nS.-YoL. V. {s^,:r} SATUEDAY, MAECH 9, 1889. [Regt. as a Newspaper. /PRICE 3d • X, Post-free, '^d. CONTENTS. Alpines from seed Apiary Bariiardesia rosea Barkeria tillandsioiiles... Beans, runner Books;— Australiau Orchids ... Dictionary of Garden ing Bulb garden Canadian plants Carter, J. & Co.'s nursery Castle A^hby, the conser- vatory at Choisya ternata Cinerarias, double Cultural memoranda Cycads and their culture Decimal system Deudrobium chrysodis cusx and D. melanodis- cusx Duteh Gardeners' Society in London Falmouth, vegetation at Florists' flowers Flower garden Freoch Gardeners'Society in London Fruit culture, modern ... Fruits under glass Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution 305, Gardening appointments Ginkgo adiantifolia Hardy fruit garden Heating greenhouses by steam or gas Inventiona, useful Iris persica Kitchen- Garden Law : — Munrou. Knowles Outgoing tenants National Chrysantlie- mum Society Nursery and Seed Trade Association Obituary — Jone-3. Colonel A. M. ... Wood, Rev. J. G. Orchid notes Orchids at Backhouse's... „ at Studley House... Peaches, stocks for Pelargoniums at Swanley Plant colour .. portraits Plants and their culture Rockworks, plants for ... Scottish Horticultural Association Seed Adulteration Act, the Shirley Poppy, the Tobacco in Borneo Vegetable culture, notes on Vines in pots Violas at the Temple Show Violet culture 301 207 310 308 311 311 306 308 310 310 299 301 299 310 306 309 303 302 302 304 308 298 299 299 310 307 Illustrations. Barnardesia rosea... Castle Ashby, Conservatory at... Label, new ... Poppies, the Shirley Slocks for fruit trees „ ,, illlustrationsof rootsof 301 30.5 307 :i09 296 :;97 ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens. Regent's Park, X.W. EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS. WEDNESDAY. March 20. Gates open at 2 o'Clock. The Band will play from 3.30 to 5.30. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 25. Qd., at any time. p R Y S T A L PALACE. \J ANNUAL SPPJNG EXHrBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS. SATURDAY. MARCH 23. Entries close March 16. Schedules of Prizes for this and all the Exhibitions of Plants. Flowers, Fruit. &c., to be held during 18S9. sent post-free, on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Department, Crystal Pabce. S.E. OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTICUL- TCTRAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. FLORAL MEETINGS at the Town Hall. Manchester on TUESDAYS. March 19. and April 30. GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION of 1889 opeu:^ at the Gardens on June 7. For particulars, apply to the undersigned. BRUCE FINDLAY. Royal Botanic Gardens. Manchester. R E S T 0 N and F U L W 0 0 D HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY The ELE\-:ENTH GREAT SPRING FLOWER SHOW and FLORAL FETE will be held in the Large Public Hall Preston, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, March 20 and £1 next, when over One Hundred Pounds will be offered in Prizes. Schedules and all other information may be had *rom JOHN ATHERTON, Hon. Sec Fern Bank, Cadley, Preston. N.B.— AH entries must be sent on or before March 11. A T H BULB SHOW, MARCH 20 and 21. Entries close March 15. For Prize Schedules, apply to BENJAMIN PEAKSON, Secretary, 14, Milsom Street; Bath. GLASGOW and WEST of SCOTLAND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The SPRINO FLOWER SHOW mil be held on WEDNES- DAY. March 28, 1889 ; and the AUTUMN FLOWER SHOW on WEDNESDAY, September 4. 1SS9. within the City Hall. Glasgow. Prize Schedules and Tickets of Admission to be had from the Treasurer. Mr, CHARLES MACDONALD WILLIAMSON. 194. West George Street, Glasgow ; any of the Directors, or at my OlEce here. Members' tickets. 5s. each. FRANC GIBB DOUOALL. Secretary. 167, Canning Street. Glasgow. W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnlmm) RECEIVES ON COJUIISSION. GRAPES, TOMATOS. and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C. Surplus Cut riowera. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any Quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes. &c., supplied.— Address, Commission Departs mett, HOOPER akd CO. (Limited). Covent Garden, W.C. RICE AND CO. will be pleased to RECEIVE and DISPOSEotanyquanlityof Choice CUT FLOWERS at best Market Prices. 60. Castle Street, Long Acre. W.C, and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C. Reference: Londonand County Bank. Telegraphic Address— Adiantum. London. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287. 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden. London. W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — ■• COMMISSION, SIDCUP." IVrOTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM -1-1 having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm, AlhU'bts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Scjuelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Heury Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats. Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Price.?. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. l\/rARECHAL NIELS— MARECHAL -^*-l- NIELS.— Highest market prices guaranteed for really food Blooms of the above.— HENRY RIBES, Fruit and Flower alesman. Covent Garden, W.C. To Gardeners. WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, iu Misture, by the 100. &c. ; also named Show Pinks, Eucharis. Melon Seeds, Daphne indica, alba, and rubra; Gloxinia Bulbs, Greenhouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named Gold-laced Polyanthus, named Auri- culas, Tree and other Pseonies, small Oleanders, Asparagus plunosus nanus. Plumbago rosea. Lowest Trade, cash with order to FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellincton Street, Strand, W.C. Black Poplars, WANTED, immediately 50 Trees, 10 feet high; must be untrimmed, and branches beginning not higher than 3 feet from root, good bushey Trees, and reasonable in price for prompt cash. Address, W, J., Davies & Co., Advertising Agents, Finch Lane, London, E.G. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, 10,000 good RASPBERRY CANES. Fastolt or Carter's Prolific. Cheap for cash. Send sample with price to LAWS AXD SON. Nurseries. Becclca. ANTED, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES and SHALLOTS. Sample and price to J. W. BAKNHAM, Salesman, Covent Garden Market, W.C. FOR SALE, 24 Volumes of the GARDENERS' CHTiONICLK, from 1858 to 1881, bound half-calf, equal to new. What cash offers. F. W. DEAKIN, Downing Street. S.W. T ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN - -Li RAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in cases containing 50 fine Bulbs, at 25s. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales on reci-ipt of Postal Order for 2'M. 9(/. ; Cases containing 100 fine Bulbs, price 40*. Fine and sou- d Bulbs, 4s.. tJ,?., 95., 129., and 18s. per dozen. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 23S, HIGH HOLBORN. LONDON. W.C. ''rO LARGE PLANTERS 5 THORN -L QinCKS.— 1 to \\ foot, 95. per 1000. J&IO per 100,000; \\ to 2 feet, lis. per 1000, £oO per 100,000; 2 to 2* feet, l.'ls. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, 155. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet. iss. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and \-EGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. EOEMER. Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Spt cimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER. Eiotic Nurseries. Cheltenham. AIDENHAIR F E R N. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thamea. c M B K EGONIA SEED.— Box's Jubilee varieties are the best both for quality and quantity; of Singles per packet, dd. and Is. ; of Doubles, lOrf. and l5.6(/. Collections and larger packets, also tubers, as per list, post free with seeds.— JOH N R. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner). Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon. ELL Y AND AYALSH (Limited), Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, StraiU Settlements. Orders executed from £b upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. ^TACHYS TUBREIFERA,the newTuberous- O rooted Vegetable. Awarded First-class Certificate R. H. Society. Per 100 tubers, l5. 6d. Free by Parcel-post. DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. HRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.— Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled for this purpose ; in tins. Is., 2s. 6rf., 5s. 6rf., and IQs. 6rf. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants. Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is.dd. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers ; — PHILIP HARRIS AMD CO.(Limited). g.Bull Ring.Birmipgham. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10. Victoria Road. Putney WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels. N.B. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, post-free, for 6 slamps. deducted from first order CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. 290 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 9, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next— (Sale No. 7886.) Choice-named Staudard and Dwarf ROSES from a well-known Euj;lish grower ; Pyramid. Dwarf-trained, and Standard FRITIT TREES to name ; Evergreen, Hardy Ornamental SHRUBS and CONIFERS. C.VRNATIONS. PICOTEES. and other II.VRDY PLANTS; Home-grown LILIIIMS, FKEESIAS, GLADIOLI, LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, SPIR.EAS. TUBEROSES, LILIUM AURATUJI from Japan, Sec. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, SS, King Street, Covent Uarden. W.C, on WEDNESDAY, NEXT, March 13, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7887.) 5000 grand Bulb? of LILIU.M AURATUM.. 2250 L. KBAMERI, 300 L. A. MACRANTHU5I, 00 L. SPECIOSUM ALBUM, just received from .Japan, in the finest possible condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great i Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEST, March 14. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next— (Sale No. 78S7.) Instead of VVoilne^d!i\ , a9 previously announced. SPECIAL SALE OF ORCHIDS IN FLOWER AND BUD. MK. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38 King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 14. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a choice Collection of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, comprising Lycaate Skinneri alba, L. Skinneri. many grand specimens and varieties ; fine Odon- toglossums, inclndiug a magnificent variety of O. Prionope- talon ; choice hybrid and other rare Cypripediuma, Dendrobium Erymerianum, D. Dominianum, D. Ainsworthi, and D, Wardi- anum, See. Also fine plants of CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE HORSMANI- ANUM, CATTLEYA PORPHYROGLOSSA, ONCIDIU.AI ROBUSTISSIMA, and O. BOOTHIANUM. from Messrs. J. Horsmau & Co. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7887.) JUST RECEIVED DIRECT. 4000 EUCHARIS CANDIDA, in grand condition. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 14. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Valuable Collection of Orcliida formed by H. J. BUCHAN,E3q. MR. J. C. STEVENtt has received instructions from H. J. Buchan, Esij.. of Wilton House, South- ampton (in consequence of the land having been bought for building), to offer for SALE, without the least reserve, the FIRST WEEK IN APRIL, his celebrated COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, whicli comprises some of the finest varieties of Odontoglossums in the country, besides all the leading varieties of other things. Further particulars in next Advertisement. Early Sale, laleworth, To MARKET G.atDENKKS, FARMERS, &c. MESSRS. MOSS AND JAMESON will SELL by AUCTION, on MONDAY, March 11. at 12 o'clock precisely, on tlie Premises, known as Jackson's Market Gardens. Islesworth. Plant consisting of FORCING FRAMES. BARROWS. LADDERS. PLOUGHS, and other GARDENING IMPLEMENTS; also a few lots of HOUSEHOLD FURNI- TURE. May bo viewed on Saturday piior to Sale. Catalogues to be liad on the Premises ; and at the Auction and Estate Offices, yT, Chancery Lane, W.C He Tomklns, St. Albans. MR. W. DOR ANT will SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY, March 20, 1889, at 12 noon, upon the Premises, 20, George Street, St. Albans, Herts, the valuable largeStock-in-Tradeof SEEDS (FLO WERand VEGETABLES), all in choicest varieties, ready for immediate sowing, also Bales of Pvaffia, Sacks, Bags, Cases of Flower Sticks. Labels, Tallies, Pockets, Weighing Machine, new Seed Winnower, Sieves, Measure.'*, Burrows, Trade Fixtures, Mahogany Counters and Nests of Drawers, Show Cases, Shelves, Gas Fittings, Pulley CJiains. Ollice Furniture, and other items. together with the valuable Lease of the above extensive Premises. On view four days previous, and on morning of Sale. Cata- logues obtained of the Trustee, F. C. GOODCHILD, Esq., 2b, Old Jewry, E.C : of A. EWEN, Esq., Official Receiver, Luton, Beds ;. or of W. DORANT, Auctioneer, Victoria Street, St. Albans." " Uonday Next. SPECIAL SALE of IMPoKTED and ENGLISH-GROWN LILIES, comprising. 6r,00 LILIUM AURATUM. unusually fine Bulbs; about 9000 VARIOUS LILIES, including 800 Lilium speciosum rubrum, cruentum, and album, Krtet- zeri, L. auratum rubro-vittatum and virginalis; 1000 L. longiflorum for forcing, 200 L. platypliyllum. L. Brownii. and many others; and a selection of named Hybrid JAPANESE IRIS, perfectly hardy, and easily grown. They produce immense flowers, and have been awarded many First-class Certificates. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on MONDAY NEXT, March 11, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. Named CARNATIONS and rictJTEES, in pots; Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES. EVERGREENS, CAMEL- LIAS, and AZALEAS, from nn English Nursery. MESSRS. RRUTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Ro'nis :1H and :J9. Grac-.-hurch Stn-et. EC, on TUESDAY NEXT, March 12, at half piLst 12 u'Clock preiisely. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. The celebrated Sunbury House Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE. MESSRS. riiOTHEROE and MORRIS are favouied with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, ou TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, March 12 and 13, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day. without reserve, the first portion of this valuable collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of Major Lendy, who, in consequence of ill-health, is relinquishing their cultivation. The collection includes a large number of fine Cattleya Mendelii, Triana, gigas Sanderiana, and imperialis, aurea, Percivalliana, Skin- neri, Skinneri alba, Lawrenceaua, Mossite (one specimen with 30 leads), labiata (autumn flowering), and maxima, many very superior varieties being found amongst them ; a consider- able number of beautifully grown Odonloglossuras. including several very strong pieces of Alexandrte, luteo-purpureum, hystrix, coronarium (with 10 leads), polyxanthum, blandum, madreuse. hastilabinm, and others; Lielia elegans prasiata, grand, good pieces of the white forms of Ltelia anceps alba. splendid specimens of Lselia purpurata, L. purpurath Russell- iana and Williamsii, some well grown pieces of Schomburghia Tibicinis, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Epidendrura bicornutum, E. favoris, and Wallisii in flower ; several large Cypripediums, including Crossianum, insigne Maulei. Spicerianum, grande Veitchii, also good plant^of nitens, Druryi Wallisii, vernixium, Leeanum superbum, selligerum majus, amandum, and others; a large number of Phaleeuopsis in great variety, Aerides, Dedrobes, Masdevallias, Vandas, Oucidiums, &c. No plants will be sold privately prior to the Sale. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Dulwlch. Close to the Station (L. C. & D. Railway), UNRESERVED SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the premises, Claremont, Allej-ne Park, Dulwich, S.E.. on THURSDAY, March 14, at 1 o'Clock, WITHOUT RESERVE, by order of L. Luders, Esq.. who is leaving the residence, the well-grown STOVE and GREEN- HOUSE PLANTS, Fine Specimen CAMELLIAS, Specimen DECORATIVE PLANTS, ORCHIDS in variety, FERNS ; Dark Brown COB. PH.ETON, DOGCART. &c. On view between 10 and 5 o'Clock the day prior and morning of Sale ; Catalogues had on the premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C. Thur&day Next.— Sale by Sample. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 14. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, large quantities of NURSERY STOCK, by Sample, including quantities of Roses, Forest Trees, 'and Trees and Shrubs of all description; also 5000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan. On view morning ol Sale, and Catalogues had of the A ucti on ee rs, as above. Friday Next. By order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. cypripedium insigne. c-yr.-oId. transplanted, 1.5s. and 20s. per 1000; picked for gap stopping, 30s. per 1000. PRIVET, 15s., 20s.. .30s., and 40s. per 1000. BEECH, extra strong, principally 3 feet, 40s. per 1000; 5s. per 100. Catalogues on application. Cheques and Poat-ollice Orders made payable to FREDK. GEE, Nurseryman, &c., Riverford House. Biggles- wade, Bedfordshire. T Il.lUM AURATUM.— Special Offer. Extra X-i fine hard heavy flowering bulbs, measuring s to 9 inchea round 12, 3s. M. ; 50. lis. ijti; lilO, 21s. (wort'i Is. each); larger, lOj inch rOad, 6. 4s.; 12. 6s. Gd. All carriage paid. Packed in cocoa fibre. No sleepy soft bulbs sent out. Better condition impossible. Importeti direct from .lapan by W. H. HUDSON (G.C), West Green Road. Tottenham, London. SPECIAL TRADE OFFER.— Gladiolus Colvillei alba, "The Bride," 100, 5s. Gd. ; Colvillea rubra, 100, 2s. Gd. ; Eamoaus Hybrids, very fine. 50, 4s. Gd. ; 100, 7s. ; Anemone "The Bride.'* pure white, grand root.-*, .W. 3s.; 100,6s.; Single Mixed Anemones, 100,2s. All finest quality only, and carriage paid for cash with order. W. H. HUDSON (G.C), Tottenham, London. iJ^EED rOTATOS. — Myatt'a and Rivers O Kidneys, fine quality. £i 10s. per tiui. r' GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. V Maech 9, 1889.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 291 THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. JUBILEE YEAR. To celebrate the oOth year of this Institution the Committee will plHce ou the reunion List the wliole of the ITnsucceasful Candidatea at the late Election, Sevontoen in number, upon the express unilerstaniliiij^ thiit the sum of £3000 be realised, in order to proviile for the great Kxtra Annual Expense thus liiitailed, without trenching on tlie Reserved Funds. JUBILEE FESTIVAL, AT The •■ ALBION," Aldergate Street, JUNE 13, 1889, LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD, Esq.. In the Chair. Donations and Collections already promised or sent towards the Jubilee Collection of ISSO : — £ s. d. LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD. Esq 106 0 0 Karon HENRY SCHRODEB. Vice-Presideut ... 106 0 0 Lor.1 KEVELSTOKE 62 10 0 J.-l.MES Mcintosh. Esq., Vice-President 62 10 0 N. N. SHEinvoOD. Esq. (Hurst & Son), Trustee ... 62 10 0 H. B. Mir.DMAY. Esq., Berkeley Square 62 10 0 HERBFRT .1. ADAMS, Esq.. Vice-President ... 28 6 0 HARRY J. \-EITCH. Esq.. Treasurer 26 5 0 C. CZARNIKUW. Esq., Effingham Hall, Dorking... 21 0 0 A. A. SILLEM, Esq.. Sydenham 10 10 0 F. J. TIARCK.Esq., Chisleluirst 10 10 0 JOHN LEE. Esq.. Kensington (Trustee) 10 10 0 TH.AMES BANK IRON CO., Upper Grouud Street 10 10 0 J. H. VEITCH. Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 ARTHUR J. VEITCH. Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 THOM.IS M.ANNING. Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 Mrs. H. J. VEITCH. RedeliS Gardens, S.W. ... 10 10 0 B. S. WILLI.UIS, Esq., Upper HoUoway.N. ... 10 10 0 C. W. BUCK, Covcnt Garden 5 6 0 E. R. CUTLER. Secretary 10 10 0 Messrs. ,TOHN L.ALNG AND SON, Forest Hill ... 6 6 0 Messrs. WEBBER AND CO., Covent Garden ... 5 5 0 A. PLUMMER, Seedsman. Staines 4 10 R. H. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Heversham, Miln- thorp 7 7 0 .70HN CROOK. Gardener. Farnborough 8 5 0 EDWARD MITCHELL, Gr., Bolton Lodge. Leeds... 10 10 0 W. R. HODGES, Gardener, Copley Dene, Highgate 10 10 0 E. GILBERT, The Gardens, OU Cliarlton, Kent ... 1 15 0 Mrs. \T;NCENT NICHOLL, Red Hill 2 2 0 W. J. BROWN. Esq 110 Miss CATTLEY'. Clayden, Edenbridge, Kent ... 2 2 0 ROBT. HOGG. Esq., LL.D., ViCi^President ... 10 10 0 ED. CHRIMES. Esq., Moorgate Grange, Hotherham 21 0 0 Messrs. NUTTING AND SON, Southwark Street ... 10 10 0 WM. COLLINS. Gr.. Chios House, Clapham Park... 10 10 0 Messrs. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Exeter Street... 6 5 0 H. E. TELLMAN, Esq., Covent Garden 3 3 0 W. WILDSMFTH. Heckfield Gardens 110 DICKSONS (Limited), Chester 10 10 0 GEORGE MONRO, CoTent Garden 10 10 0 J. C. STEVENS, King Street, Covent Garden ... 5 5 0 P. E. KAY, Finchley 2 2 0 Messrs.EARRASD SON, King Street. Covent Garden 2 2 0 The Best Main Crop Wrinklefl Pea. OAKSHOTT AND MILLAED'S "EMPEROR WILLIAM." From Mr. W. Pope, Hexid Gardener to the Right Hon. the Eapl of Carxabtox. Highclere Castle, 1888. — "Emperor William is a first-rate Pea, cropping very heavily, pods of good size, handsome, and well-filled with large sweet Peas." Price 35. 6d. per quart, of most leading Seedsmen, or direct from OAKSHOTT axd MILLARD, Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. ARGE SHRUBS and CONDFER^. — Aucuha japonica, 1| to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet, 405. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; Box tree, l^o 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 100. Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 3^ feet, 10s. per 100; Deutzia crenata, flore-pleno, strong, 4s. peV dozen ; Grislinia littoralis. 1^ to 2 feet. 35s. per 100 ; Irish Ivy, 4 feet, 6s. per 100 ; Laurel, common, 1^ foot, 6s. per 100 ; 2 feet, lOs. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 1 to U foot, 12s. per 100; 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 100; 3 to 3J feet, bushy, 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel, 1 to IJ foot, 16s. per 100 : IJ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticum, 1 to li foot, 22s. per 100 ; IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100 ; 2 to 2J feet, 3os. per 100 ; 3 feet, 50s. per 100 ; 4 to 4^ feet, bushy, 80s. per 100. Abies Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet. 35s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. per 100 ; do.. 6 feet, 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata. 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3^ feet, 48s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 60s per dozen. Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2i feet, 20s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta, 2 to 2} feet, 40s. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, extra fine, 18s. per dozen. C. erecta viridis, IJ to 2 feet, 25s. per luO ; do., 2 to 2J feet, 35s. per 100. Picea Nordmanniaua, 1^ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do.. 2 to 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per 100. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inches, 25s. per 100; 1^ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per 100. B. squarrosa, 1^ foot, bushy, 30s. per 100; Thuia Lobbii, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 24s. per 100 ; 4 feet, 50s. per 100 ; 6 feet, 18s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis. 2* to 3 feet, 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot. 30s. per 100 ; 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per dozen ; 2^ to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. OART.IES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. APPLE TREES with Mistleto growing on them, 10s. M., 15s.. and 2Is. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. ROBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, S.W,, beg3 to call the attention of Gentlemen and otliers Planting, to his largo and vjirieti stock of FOREST and ()KNAMENTAL TREES, iilso FRUIT TREES. SHRUBS. ROSES, and CLIMIIING PLANTS, &c., which are in tine condition for transplanting, and being grown near London, are especially jidiiptt'd fur Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUHARB fur Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 miles. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. To the Trade. MANGEL WUSZEL AND TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHAUPE will be pleased to give • special quotation for their fine selected stocks of home- grown MANGEL WUEZEL and TURNIP SEEDS of 18S,M growth, and raised from picked bulbs. The growth is strong, and the prices will be found very reasonable. Samples may be had ou application Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. QA C\(\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the yJ\j^\J\J\j finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches acrosja, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 125. to 24$. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into Scinch pots, 2s. 6a. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by ua, reduced price 2s. 6rf. each. Descriptive LIST on apphcation.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserj'men ami Seed Merchants. Worcester. E V UONYMUS (Green).-^50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens. 9 to 36 inches, £1 to £10 per 100. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, Brighton. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTEIACA. 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap HiU Nursery, Woking, Surrey. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price bs., post-free 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiawick. LANTING SEASON.— The following are a few articles we can supply in large quantities : — Per 100. Per 1000 ASH, common, stout, 2 to 3 feet Zs.Qd. 22s. Ot/. ALDER, common, stout, 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 20 0 BLACKTHORN. 2 feet 1 6 ... 12 6 Notwithstanding the strong recommenda- tion of Prunus myrobella. Blackthorn still makes the best game covert. BROOM, white. 3 to 4 feet 12 0 PINUS AUSTRIACA, fine, IJ to 2 feet ...12 0 CORSE, common, 2-year 1 0 ... 7 6 PRIVET, evergreen, fine, 2 to 3 feet 3 0 ... 25 0 SYCAMORE, common, 2 to 3 feet 3 0 .,, 25 0 BOX, broad leaf, bushy. 1 to 1} foot 17 0 LAURELS, common, li to 2 feet 10 0 CATALOGUES, Wholesale and Retail, on application. THOMAS PERKINS akd SONS, 34. The Drapery, Northampton. ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write tor Special Price LIST of all the leading kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany. 9n (\(\(\ LARCH, 1000 LAURELS.— ■^V/^VV/V/ LAKCH, 2 to 3 feet, good transplanted, 22s. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 30s. per 1000. LAURELS, Common, 4 to 6 feet, good bushy, 20s. per 100. The above is first-class stuff, and must be cleared. R. TUCKER, Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks, OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth, begs to offer, in extra quality, the following : — SEAKALE for Planting, 6s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. RHUBARB, for Forcing, SOs. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf). 6s. per 100, 60s. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS. Standards. 75s. per lOO. DAMSON (Farleigh). Standards, 75s. per 100. PEACHES, Dwarf-trained, ISs. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS, Golden, 2 to 4 feet, eilra fine, 20s. to SOs. per 100. WILLOWS, Weeping, 8 to 14 feet, 6s. to 12s. per dozen. IRMINGHAM PRIMULAS. —Exhibitors and judges know well that Birmingham Primulas have been for many years, and still are, far ahead the best known; and the varieties Marquis of Lome, Princess Louise, The Queen, Emperor, Lady R. Churchill. Pope's Blue, all raised by our foreman, Mr. Rose, are still the best known, and, where exhibited, win. No others have a chance. They have won every prize at Birmingham for many years, except where debarred from competition. Gentlemen, who have not seen a Birmingham Primula Show, we shall be pleased to send a tew blooms, on receipt of 3 stamps for box and postage. Mixed Packets of all the best sorts, 5s. ; Ditto, small packet, 2s. 6t^. ; or separate, if required, at 2s. 6rf. to 5s. per packet. POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen, &c., King's Norton Nurseries, Birmingham. Barr's Spring Catalogue, Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork. and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivated plants Only. Free on application. BARR Am) SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. 'piIE SECOND ELECTION of FIVE CHILDREN to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of 5«. per week (subject to the conditions stated iu Rule xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July 10 next, ax the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.G. All applications must be made on a propei" printed Form, copies of which may bo had (iratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY, April 20. A. F. Barron, Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society'^ Gardens, Chiswick, S.W. FOREST TREE S.— Alder, 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 1000; Ash, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet. 16s. per 1000 ; Beech, 1^ to 2 feet, 15s. per 1000; 2 to 2^ feet, 18s. per 1000; 2^ to 3^ feet, 22s. per 1000. Spanish Chestnut, JJ to 2Jfeet,2Us. perlOOO; Bourtree, 2 feet, 25.':. per 1000 ; Elm, 3 to 4 feet. 18s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, 25s. per 1000. English Elm. 4 to 5 feet, 40s. per 1000. Larch, U to 2 feet. 16s. per 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet. 28s. per 1 000. Scotch Fir, ij to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; 2 to 2^ feet. 16s. per 1000 ; 3 feet, 20s. per 1000. Spruce Fir, 1 to 1^ feet, 10s. per 1000; 1^ to 2 feet. 12s. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet, 16s. per 1000. Silver Fir, 10 to 15 inches, 18s. per 1000; 1 to 1^ foot, 20s. per 1000. Pinus austriaca. 1^ to 2 feet, 18s. per 1000. Sloe or Blackthorn, 2 to 3 feet. 20s. per 1000 ; Sycamore. 1 tol^foot. 12s. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet. 16.9. per 1000 ; 6 to 7 feet. 6s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. Ttie Earliest Fea In the World, OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD'S Extra Selected " EARLIEST OF AXL." From Mr. W. S. SPRINGBETT, Home Farm, November 2, 1888. — '* Last spring I asked your advice as to sowing Early Peas for first picking. You recommended me your selected stock of Earliest of All. I sowed with the most extraordinary results. I commenced gathering not only before any others in the field, but before early Peas were ready in enclosed gardens. I marketed over 250 bushels per acre, and sold them at a very good price. I consider it the best early I'ea yet introduced. Please reserve for me 9 bushels for this next season, as I should be sorry to lose them. You are quite at liberty to use this iu any way you think proper." Price 2s. 6rf. per quart. Special quotations per bushel. OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD, Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. The New Raspherry. T ORD BEACONSFIELD. -t-> (A Seedling.) The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First- class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes £,2 per 100; 6s. per dozen. Trade supplied; Cash with order. Cap- tain Strawberry Plants, 4s. per 100. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford. 0 S I A H IL BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS:— Old Ashleaf [ White Elephant Rivers' Royal do. Early Rose Myatt's Prolific do. I Magnum Bonum Mona's Pride YorK Regent Snowdrop | Scotch do. Adirondack i Imperator Village Blacksmith | Red Bog Early Beauty of Hebron l Schoolmaster Dalmahoy I Early Don And other leading varieties. Prices on application to York Street. Borough Market, S.E. HRYSANTHEMUMS to and from all parts of the Globe. By far the best collection of new and old varieties in commerce. Descriptive Catalogue with Cultural Directions by E. Molyneui and C. Orchard, Acknowledged in Europe and America as the best Descriptive Catalogue. Price 6i/. ; free to customers. Awarded 3 Medals and 2U First-class Certificates. I never exhibit for prizes in competition with Gardeners or Amateurs. Open to purchase new varieties of merit.- R. OWEN, F.N.C.S.. Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. PECIMEN CONIFERS,— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety, CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AlO) CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester, E G O N I A S. — Taberous-rooted, of best quality, by the 100 or 1000. See the best Descriptive and Illustrated CATALOGUE published. ASPARAGUS PLANTS, 2-yr. and 3-yr.. in quantity. Good and cheap. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. To the Trade. Choice Home-giown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND E. SHAJIPE are prepared to make • special low offers* of their exceptionally fine Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1888 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and .arther particulars may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbeach. 292 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 9, 1889. 100 D ALPINE and HERBACEOUS PLANTS, 25s. Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting infonnation). Post-free, 9a. STANSFIELD BROS., Southport, To the Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of the above comprigeg all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unuauflUy low this season, and may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Carriage Paid. AHLIAS.— Sound Pot Roots are the best to buy. You get earlier and stronger flowering plants : — 12 Choice CACTUS DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice SINGLE DAHLIAS for 4s.. distinct. 12 Choice DOUBLE DAHLIAS for 4s.. distinct. 12 Choice POMPON DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. For Cash with order, carriage paid. C H AR LES BURLEY. Nurseries. Brentwood. EDRUS DEOBARA.— The largest and best stock in the country. Fine handsome well- transplanted Trees, from 7 to 12 feet and upwards. Price moderate. H. LANE AND SON, Nurseries, Berkhamsted. Herts. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest iu Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES. &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties. Is.. 2s. 6/WU\ FERNS, Major cristata, in 60's, \U. Zd\j\j\J j„,r 100; ditto, in thumbs. Vis. per 100, for cash. J. PAXTON. .31, Green Lanes, Stoke Newin((ton. N. To the Trade. POTATOS FOR SEED. 30 Tons of BEiUTY OF HEBRON. First-class stuff, and Grown on the best of Warp Soil. Free on Rails at 80.?. per ton. B. CLEGG. AdlingtlHet Grange, Goole. ~[{\{\ CONIFERS in 50 distinct AV/V/ varieties tor 60s. 100 ORNAMENTAL TREES, in 50 distinct varieties. including many variegated, golden, and purple varieties for 50s. 100 DECIDUOUS SHRUBS in 50 distinct varieties for 20s. 100 EVERGREEN SHRUBS, in 50 distinct varieties for 30s. 100 ROSES, in .W distinct varietias, of H.P., Moss, Tea, &c for35.s. 100 RHODODENDRONS, in .50 distinct varieties ... for 100s. 100 HERBACEOUS PLANTS, in 50 tine varieties ,.. for 20s. 100 PRIMULAS, in 60 distinct varieties for 60s. CATALOGUE of Names free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. SHIRLEY POPPY. Per Packet, Is. Post-free. Buy direct from the Grower, my Seed having lipen Belectad from finest flowers only, as grown at my Sliirley Nursery Price to the Trade on application. THOS. BUTCHER Seed Merchant, George St. Croydon. THE FINEST BLUE MARROW PEA. SHARPE'S QUEEN. 8s. 6d. per Pint, Is. ed. per Half-pint. Sealed Packet, Post-free. THE HEAVIEST CROPPING VARIETY. THE FINEST POD. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. THE FINEST IN EVERY WAY. CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES ON APF LIGATION. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHKOOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or W. per cake ; free by parcel post, \s. None genuine unless in seated pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants , Hiiihtrate Nurseries. N. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Bail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST FREE ON APPLICATION. (Limited) The Boyal Nurseries & Seed Establishments, Clxester*. Addrebb for liKTTnRB & Teleqramb: Dicksons, Chester. The Earliest Onion in Cultivation. OAKSHOTT AND MILLARD'S "EARLY EIGHT- WEEKS." From Mr. C. J. Waite, Head Gardener to Col. the Hon, W. P. Talbot. Glmhurst, 1888.—" ' Early Eight-Weeks ' is the earliest Onion in cultivation, one of the most useful sorts used, coming into use in eight weeks from date of sowing with me." Price Is. 6d. per packet, of most leading Seedsmen, or post- free from OAKSHOTT AND MILLABD. Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. TREES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Int-ending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Barr's Descriptive List of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARE AND SON. 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. OLYANTHUS.— Hardy's finest selected gold laced show flowers, strong plants, bs. per 100 ; 45s. per 1000. POLYANTHUS PRIMROSE.— " Hardt's New Novelty," about 8 colours mixed, magnificent trusses, strong plants, 5s. per 100 ; 455. per 1000. PRIMROSE.-" Hardy's Novelty Hybrids/'about 30 beautiful colours, from pure white to dark crimson and maroon, strong plants, 5s. per 100 ; 45s. per lUOO. VIOLA CONUTA, Queen of Blues. 5s. per 100; 4os. per 1000; White Virgin. 5s. per 100; 45s. per 1000. HOLLYHOCKS, finest double, mixed, 2s. doz.. 15s. per 100. LILY, old English, pure white, fine bulbs, Ss.doz. 16s. per doz. CARNATION, choice Double (Border), large plants, splendid mixed colours, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. CLOVE, fine old crimson, 2s. 6f/. per doz., 18s. per 100. SINKINS PINK, Mrs. Sinkins. 15s. per 100. PYRETHRUM, double and single, named, '.is. doz., 20s. per 100. Packing free. Extra Plants for Carriage. Casli. H. I. HARDY. F.R.H.S.. Stour Valley Nurseries, Buroe, Suffolk. QUICK, stout, and abundantly rooted, trans- planted, 21s. per 1000; ditto, strong, 27s. 6rf. and 35s, per 1000; ditto, extra strong, 40s. per 1000.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchanta. Worcester. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, inT^alFlpots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond. Surrey. IriNEST OF ALL PETUNIAS.— Magnifi- cent new Dwarf Striped PETUNIA SEED. This ia, without doubt, the finest strain possible to grow. The plants commence to bloom 3 inches high, and are most attractive; scarcely two flowers are alike. Thousands are sold in Covent Garden Market, and acknowledged by all to be the best they have ever grown. Per packet, Is. and 2s. CHARLES BURLEY, Nurseries, Brentwood, Essex. REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. Gladioli, Dahlias. Begonias, and Miscellaneoue Hardy Plants for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Special Spring CATALOGUE of the above for 1S89, containing all the new Varieties, is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent post- free, on application to themselves or their Agents. Messrs. MERTENS & CO., 3, Cross Lane. St. Mary-at-Hill, London. E.C. W^^^'gORDON, Immense stock of ORCHIDS ; • best value and cheape-st house in the Trade. The best cut of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel, 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5s.. carriage forward. LILIES, Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Me OSES — RO$ES — ROSES.— 50,000 extra -IV Btroiig Dwarf H.P.'s in all the leading kJndH. 2Is. per 100. £10 per 1000; Marechal Niel's, extra strong, 15». per dozen ; Gloire de Dijon, extra strong, 6s. per dozen ; William A. Richardson, extra strong, 12s. per dozen. A few gootl Standards (H.P.'s) to offer at 60s. per 100. Cash with order. CATALOGUES free on application. C. H. GORRINGE. Roaelunds Nunnery, and 7^, Terminus Road, Ea-^tbourne. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very tine, in pots, neatly staked and tied. 5 feet. 6 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. /■"(AUNATION "GLOIRK I>E NANCY."— \J For the fourth season we are sending out our true str.iin of this grand white Clove pcented Cirnation. more robust than the old red Clove, and hirger flowers. No conser- vatory or garden shouhi bfi without it. For cut flowers it has no equal. (Jood rooted layers. jEl per 100. Us. for 50, Os. for 25. We have a line stoiik of GARDENIAS, the best sorts in cultivation, well set with flower-buds, from Is, to 20s, each, cash with order. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. Mahoh 9, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 293 FRIDAY NEXT. CATTLEYA TRIANJE. MESSES. PEOTHEKOE and MOEEIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, March 15, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Huoii Low & Co., a quantity of fine Plants of CATTLEYA TRIANyE, just to hand by Royal Mail Steamer Orinoco, in the best possible condition, collected in localities whence have come very fine varieties in previous importations. ()n view morning of Sale, and Catahffties hm). TEA DnCCC ' A granil stock, inS-in.pola, 12j. & 18s. doz. I lA nUOCO) A grand stock, in 7-in.pots. 24s. & 30s. doz. ("Blnck Hamburgh and other varieties. ODADC UIUCC *Suit;iWeforfruitiDginpota,10s.6af.e3ch UnAlL f In LO") Suitable for planting vineries, 5s. and (. 7s. 6d. each. Fr n y Q * a fine stock, in .vinch pots, 13s. per dozen. L n n O ^ A fine stock, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Catalogues on application. THE LIVERPOOL HOBTICULTTTBAl COMPANY (JOKX Cowan), LIMITED, THE VINEYARD AND NtrKSEKIES, QABSTON. NEAR LIVERPOOL. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PUNTS, And \o\\ will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none hut jtenuine. pood, new season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most COXDplete and economical syst>'m of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. A GRAND EARLY POTATO. EARLY WHITE HEBRON. A whit« Sport from the well-known Beauty of Hebron, the finest First Eajly Potato in the world. Very early, enormously productive, and of splendid cooking quality. This is a most valuable variety for Market Growers. Price. 2s. 6rf. per peck, &s. 6rf. bushel, 14s cwt., £10 ton. Orders value 205. carriage free. Illustrated POTATO CATALOGUE gratis to all applicants. DANIELS BROS., seed Growers. NORWICH. ORCHIDS! Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Thilipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c., to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance. Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE, Special care given In packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. Special Culture ; 80 acres ; Stock quite unequalled ; In- spection invited. CATALOGUE and Special Prices on application. FRUIT TREES, DIUKSONS, Nurseries, ^Limited) . A Lietze. Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, ALIETZE'S NEW CALADIUMS, • ORCHIDS, and PALM SEEDS. Price LISTS of above Post-free to all applicanta from Messrs. ADOLPH v. ESSKN and CO., 73, Gr. Reichenstr., Hamburg, Germany. The Earliest Cabbage In Cultivation. LIGHTNING 1-LIGHTNING 1 !— LIGHTNING ! I 1 OAKSIIOTT AND MILLARD hold tlie entire stock of this grand Cahbnge. From Mr. W. Mkad, llend Gardener to the Right Hon. Viscount Barrington, .fffcAeM Park, 1888 ;—" Your 'Light- ning' Cabbage is the fiuickesf-growing Cabbage I know; grand flavour. I am quite sure it will become very popular in all gardens." Price, Is. 6rf. per packet, of most leading Seedsmen, or post- free of OA KSHOTT AND MILLARD, Seedsmen to the Queen, Reading. THE BEST PEAS. SHARPE'S a^ii^- A grand Blue Marrow ; height. 2 feet. Pods, large, deep green, with large, green, dpli<.'iou3ly flavoured Peas. It ia 60 continuous a cropper that a constant supply may be maintained by it alone, after the first crop is ready. 2s. 6rf. per pint packet; Is. grf. per half- pint packet. SHARPE'S TRIUMPH. A fine Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow, fine flavoured, and heavj' cropper — sixty-nine pods, with nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. 2s. per quart packet ; 1.';. per pint packet. SHARPE'S SIRE. A. MILBANK A magnificent, large, Blue Wrinkled M.irrow. Peae extra large— deep green. Very hardy. Height, 5 feet. 29. per quart packet ; Is. per pint packet. Collections of Seeds in Bo.rcs, arranged to produce a Continifoioi Supp!i/ of Vegetables all the Vear round. No. 1. No. 2. No. "3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. 63s. 428. 308. 2l8. 16s. 10s. 6d. SHARPE'S Illustrated and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1889, post-free on application to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED FARMERS and MERCHANTS. SLEAFORD. CHESTER. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; all the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 86s, per dozen. Descriptive List fret on application, RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. ECONOMY IN THE GARDEN. SEEDS. SEEDS- SEEDS. A SAVING of 15 to 20 per Cent, may bo effected by Purchasing your Season's Supply at " Stores' Prices," BARNES' GREAT EASTERN COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, f^o- 63/- 42/- 30/- 21/- 10/6- 7/6- 5/- 2/6- 1/2-. Package and Carriage Free for Casli with Order. The "Guinea" Collection Contains- 12 pints Peas 4 ., Beans, Broad IJ ,, Beans, French 1 ,, Beans, Runner 1 packet Beet 2 packets Cucumber 1 „ Endive 1 ,, Gourd 1 „ Leek 3 ,, Lettuce 4 ounces Mustard 1 packet Melon 3 ounces Onion 1 packet Parsley 2 ounces Parsnip 4 ,. Radish 3 ,, Spinach 3 „ Turnip 1 packet Vegetable Marrow 4 „ Herts I ,. Tomato 1 „ Capsicum Any sorts uot required can be omitted, and others to value may be selected. Borecole 1 „ Brussels Sprouts 3 ,, Broccoli 3 ,, Cabbage 1 „ Savoy 3 ounces Carrot 3 packets Cauliflower 2 ., Celery \ „ Couve Tronchuda 4 ounces Cress, Plain ] packet Cress, Australian PRICED CATALOGUES GRATIS. J. E. BARNES (It) years Managing-Assistant at Messrs, DiNii:i,s'j, WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEEDSBIAN, THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. AN UNEXPECTED SACRIFICE. A number of finest named and other RHODODENDRONS, 3 to 7 feet high, are on offer at an unusual sacrifice, growing on land sold to a speculator who is Cutting up the Estate. These plants (under pressure to give possession) are offered at a loss of 60 to 75 per cent, of their value. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, TEE NURSERIES, 8AWBRIDGEW0RTH HERTS. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it ia not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW «& CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. SEED POTATOS-SEED POTATOS. DUNBAR REGENTS . . . . 00s. per Ton. „ MAGNUMS .. .. 90s. „ IMPERATORS .. ..90s. LINCOLNSHIRE MYATT'S PROLIFIC .. .. 80s. MAGNUM BONUMS . . . . 8O3. „ BEAUTY OF HEBRONS . . 80s. EARLY ROSES. Apply to W. N. WHITE, Fruit and Potato Broker, OOVENT GARDEN MARKET. LONDON, W.C. 294 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 9, 1889 TREES. FLOWERS/AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best KOSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For tlir Hc^t SEEDS, BULBS, &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For th.? Bc^t FP.riT TREES and GRAFE VI.NES PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best E\Fl;iiKEKNS, Park and Roadside TREES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For the Best CAMELLIAS, AZALEAS, LAPAGERIAS, &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, close to the Walthiim Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway (half an hour from London.) INSPECTION INVITED. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues free. Goods Packed by experienced hands for all parts of the World. Observe the Christian name. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, Plant, Bulb, and Seed Merchants. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES, PEARS. PLUMS, CHERRIES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, us Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, 3s. 6rf., 5s., 7s. 6rf.. 10s. 6rf. Orchard House Trees in pots, PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES, &c., from 55. FIGS from 3s. 6rf. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting, Cropping, Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin, Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c. , free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRUBS IN GREAT VARIETY. KOSES, HABDY CLIMBERS, FRUIT TREES, FOREST TREES, 4c. A Large Stock. Quality and Price Unequalled. Descriptive Prieed LIST on applieation. W. C. S L O C O C K, (Late G. & T. WiTEREB). GOLDSWOKTH OLD NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OU LMt'IinVElJ WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This li a sport from Djiniels" White Elephant Fnt;ito. but has the great advantage of having a pure wliiteskin. It i^ one of thi' hea\ iest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The liandsoraest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withing ton, Hereford. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoronghly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. CICKSONS Royal Kurseries, CHESTER. (■Limited). TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. Also collections of aame in 12, 18, and 31 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. 6 THOUSAND PRIMULAS THE FINEST STRAIN IN THE WORLD NOW IN GROWTH AT CARTER'S NURSERIES, FOR SEED PURPOSES. Pronounced hi/ the Sorticidtural Press to be the Finest Collection in e.ristence. SEED FOR PRESENT SOWING. Price, In Sealed Packets, 2/6, 3/6, 6/-, post-ftee. RovAi. Seed.^men by Sealed VVahrant. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN.LOHDOH. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN INSPECTION FROM INTHM'INQ PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stoiit straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted within wo years : — ACACIA BESSONIANA, 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- RENS, 12 to U feet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 feet; A. DASYCARPUM WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet ; A. LEO- POLDII. 12 to 14 feet ; A. REITENBACHII, 12 10 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERII. 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYII, Stuidards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH. Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common. 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 to 16 feet, CHESTNUT. Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet. 12 to 16 fret; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English. 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAK. 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE. Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English, U) to 14 feet ; Scarlet American. 12 to 14 feet; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet, POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to IS feet; SYCAMORE. Common. 14 to 16 feet; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS. Double Scarlet. 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet. OAK. Weeping. Euglish, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping. Pyramids, and Standards. 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards, 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKINO, SUKREY. CHOICE HARDY FLOWERING PLANTS. Special Cheap Offer for Clearance. All g-ood strong stuff for blooming next summer. Packing and carriage free at prices quoted for cash : — Per (loz. CARNATIONS AND PIC0TEE3, fine seedlings from a splemliJ collection, will proiltice some f^rand lloM'ers, per 100, 15s CANTERBURY BELLS, Dean'3 Hybrids, strong I)l;!nt^, per lOU, Ills. 6rf. HOLLYHOCKS, Chater's superb strain, per lllii, L'.'»,s'., six for 2,?. tjd PANSIES, strong seedlings from a grand strain of blotchedflowers, sown last June.iper 100, 10s, 6rf. ,, Ithie King, per 100, lOs. 6d POLYANTHUS. Gold-laced, very fine, per 100, \fys. PHLOXES, herbaceou.i, establisbed plants, in beau- tiful variety to name, per 100, 30j. ; six iQT2s.^d FYRETHRUMS. double-flowered, strong plants, in beautiful named sorts, per 100, aO.t. ; s'x for2s. 6rf s. d. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Laxton'a Noble. th,> graml new enrly prolill. ttriii-; jier ino, 'ihs 1000, in ten superb, varieties,'. .15s. t t\r\ in «-nn ' ' R* All DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, NORWICH. WEBBSIIEPS WEBBS' NEW HYBRID PRIMROSE, Is. and 2s. 6cL per Packet, post-:ree. From Mr. J. CLABKE, Gardener to Miss Giethri-, The Poole ;— " Your New Hybrid Primrose is well worth grow- ing, as it produces a quantity of showy flowers." WEBB'S SPRING CATALOGUE, Beautifully Illustrated ; post-free, Is., gratis to Customers. ABRroGED EDITION, Gratis and post-free. VEBB«S0NSW0fiDStEV;STOlJRBRIDGE ROSESj grand robust plants, thousands to select from. Special PRICES on application. DIGKSONS (Limited.) The , Nurseries, CHESTER. The Pinest Main Crop P O TAT O. SHARPE'S DUKE OF ALBANY. Dnltt' of Albany is a White Kidney ; it has n short haulm, with a pale, flat leaf, is quite as early as Myatt's Prolific. IIS large in size and as he.'ivy a cropper as Magnum Bonum, than which it is eight weeks earlier; it is ripe early in August, and will keep until spring, being a good first-class Potato from the middle of July until the month of March, The crop is immense, and the tubers are of a pnTfect shape, with no eyes, so there is no waste in paring; the skin ia slightly rough, and the quality of the flesh un- surpassed, being white, mealy, and of the moat delicious flavour. Price 2s. 6d. per Stone. Price per Owt. or Ton on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Growers and Merchants, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. Mahch 9, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' C HE ONI CLE. 295 B.S.WILLIAMS Superb and Choice Strains CYCLAMEN, Per Packet, is. 6cl. and 2s. 6cl. BEGONIAS, Per Packet, 1 ■. 6(1. and 2s. 6d. GLOXINIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. ed. CALCEOLARIAS, Per Packet. Is. 6d. and 23. 6d. PRIMULAS, Per Packet, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. CINERARIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 23. 6d. ARE THE BEST, Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1889, Gratis and Post-free on application^ B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. WOOD & SON'S SPECIAL PRICES. NEW CUTTINGS of SPLENDID ORCHID PEAT. Prepared free from all waste fPCKE BRACKEN FIBEE ONLY). 12s. per cask. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market in the World for FORCED FRUITS, FORCED VEGETABLES FLOWERS (Choice) and NOVELTIES iu FETTIT and VEGETABLES of all kinds, and from all climeS. W. W. & S. CELEBRATED BROWN FIBROUS PEAT. ESPECIALLY SELECTED FOR HARD -WOOD AND STOVE PLANTS, 8s. per cask. VERY SUPERIOR RICH YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM FRESH CUTTINGS. Free on Rail (L.E. & S.C.Ry.) 16b. per ton. Sample sacks, 3s. 6(/. WOOD'S SELECTED TOBACCO PAPER, IN BOXES. 7 lb., 7s. ; 14 lb.. 13a. SPECIAL OFFEB,.— THE BEST FB.ESH COCOA-IfTTT FIBRE Free on raiHor a 2-ton Truck. 24s.; 20 5ks..l6B.; 40 its., 28s. Send for Samples & Wood & Son's List of Specialties. The Best Medium from whom to ohtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS. SALES. — Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS— "Weekly or when desired. GROWING CROPS.— Advances made on MARKET REP CRTS -Weekly, on application. EiyipjIES- Arrange early for supply. COMWIUNICATIONS-Invited early, to arrange for coming season on a sound basis to ensure satisfactory results. As a Supplement TO THF Gardeners' Chronicle FOR Ne X i We e k, Ma r e h 1 6, WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph OF THE C 0 NSER VA TORY, AT TIIJ^ HENDRE, MONMOUTU. •WOOD GKEEN, LONDON, N. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Address, " Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 0, 1889. MODERN FRUIT-CULTURE.* IN coming here to say a few words on fruit culture this evening, I feel that I have before me a very critical audience, and that there are gentlemen present who are as well, if not better, informed than myself to teach the business of profitable fruit-culture, as they have both ven- tured and been successful in a degree, and I am looked upon more as a grower of trees than as a practical fruit grower. I may say that the subjects are very closely allied in my opinion ; and that one could hardly fail to pick up many valuable hints in the course of some years of observation, combined with the propagation of such a variety of sorts and species as have come under my notice. , The first drawback to the successful culture of fruit in this country is undoubtedly the want of quality in our produce, either in size, colour, or condition ; this is not so much due to the fault of the cultivator as to the want of propitious seasons and to a general absence of combined sun- shine or an equality of temperature and the want of rain at the right time, causing the fruit to be deficient in either colour, size, or quality. The excessive rainfall of 1887 completely spoiled the Apple crop where any remained after the terrible visitation of caterpillars ; the fruit was ill-formed, spotted with incipient mildew, and without a taking appearance, even standard sorts, such as the Blenheim Orange Apple, being small, green, and not fully matured. These abnormal seasons we cannot prevent, and it is to a different system of culture that we must, I think, look to gain all possible benefit from the little sunshine we do have, and to store its effects up as much as possible. In my remarks I propose to deal with the growth of Pears and Apples on what I venture to call the modern system, which in a few words consists of growing trees on surface-rooting stocks, which, I believe, have not yet been fully References: Ask Anyone. • A Paper read at the Rochester Farmera'Clnb, by Mr. GeorRC Bunyard, Maidstone. 296 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 9, 1889. or largely tried in this country. In order to make this matter more apparent to you, I have taken up a few Pear, Quince, Apple, and Paradise stocks to illustrate my remarks. You will notice that the Pear stock (fig. 50) produces few but strong forked roots with a minimum of fibres, and its appearance justifies our practice in using it for orchard trees, as the strong roots act as anchors to secure the tree in its position, and to enable it to bear the weight of its crop. If from this we pass to the Quince stock (fig. 51) we find the conditions reversed, and the fibres outnumber the anchor roots and are pre- dominant, while again if we take the trans- planted Quince stock (fig. 52) we find the fibres still more developed. We then pass to the Crab-Apple stock (fig. 53). Here we] see the same process as in the free Pear stock (anchor roots with a few fibres). It is this which is used for the Apple trees prepared for orchards, and it is eminently suitable for the purpose. We then pass to Paradise Apple (fig. 54) ; here we get again the same surface root and fibres that the Quince stock presents ; and it is the lesson which these fibres teach which I want to ask you to-night to consider. Now, I maintain that it stands to reason and common sense that surface roots must receive the benefit of the rains, sun, and air more than the anchor-roots, which are, by reason of their position, more removed from such benign influence ; and the teaching of fact in this case follows out the leading of logic (it is not always so), and we find by experience that Pears grafted upon the Quince stock and Apples upon the Paradise stock can do, and will pro- duce handsome, clean, well-coloured, and full- flavoured fruit even in such adverse summers as those through which we have lately passed ; while in more propitious seasons the quality is super-excellent, and still further proves our theory. Hitherto this culture has only been carried out in gardening work, and 1 fully believe that the Agricul- ture of the future must — and will to a great extent — find its profit in gardening methods, if we are to keep the hardy fruit trade in British hands. The practice of winter manuring has done much to increase onr crop and induce quality, and I would go further and give also a top-dressing in May or June of long dung fresh from the stable, or of London dung or moss manure. This latter is, I think, the best for our purpose ; it is easily carried on to the land in baskets, and as it contains a large proportion of urine and ammonia, it is quick in action and effective for its purpose. The same remarks will apply to all orchards, but it is manifest that fruit trees on these surface-rooting stocks should sooner respond to the fillip. Liquid manure is most valuable, and can be applied at any time, but to the greatest advantage in May or June. In the dry summers of 1885—86, after the rains fell, the growth of fruit on small trees in our nursery was unusually rapid, and could be seen from week to week, while at the latter part of the season the colour came into the fruit in a most beautiful form. Some present may have seen the trees in the AUington Nursery, and we were well rewarded by taking the leading prizes at the large Exhibition at the Crystal Palace and elsewhere, even beating the owners of walled gardens with every convenience of culture. I need scarcely say that if the same care and attention to mulching be carried out on existing orchards, a marked improvement would soon be manifested, and it would have the effect of bringing up the surface roots, which would be more amenable to treatment, and within the influence and warmth of the sun. I am of opinion that it is in the direc- tion of more careful cultivation, combined with vigorous pruning of the branches, and also attention to the thinning of the fruit that we must look for a general improvement in our orchard planta- tiona. Root pruning, as carried out in gardens, is not practicable on a large scale, but it is quite certain that the roots of fruit trees will come up and be kept up by seasonable mulchings, and I venture to ask growers if they do not think the digging of planta- tions with such a large fork is injurious to the roots, and must tend to weaken the trees and cause the formation of coarse anchor-roots.'' From my own observation I feel sure that planta- tions of dwarf trees alone or dwarfs with standards at 30 feet apart will be the orchards of the future. I have not included Plums in this paper, as from the nature of their roots they do equally well on free stocks as far as the production of fruit on a large scale is concerned. We have dwarfing and surface- rooting stocks for Plums, and also for Cherries, but as these are of no use for market culture I have not touched upon them. Before embarking largely in this modern culture a Flo. 50.— WILn PEAU STOCK. trial orchard can be started with, say ten trees each of twenty sorts. The beneficial effects of heavy manuring are frequently seen in our Strawberries. Gooseberries, and Kaspberries in the garden, and I think much more of this must be done, as well as the utilisation of that porter-like liquid which is so often wasted in the farmyards ; and such a wet bed can hardly be good for the cattle. An orchard of Apples and Pears would take the same number. In the style I recommend it would require seventy- five standard trees on free stocks at 24 feet apart, and this would allow for three trees on the Paradise or surface rooting stocks between each standard, and require 1135 dwarfs to the acre. This would be a large outlay at the first, but it must be borne in mind that the return would be very quick, compared with standard trees only, and the crop would always be greater than even an old orchard would produce. I should only advocate free cropping sorts for the dwarfs. Much expense is saved in picking, by no ladders being required ; and the land must be good for fruit growing, or it had better be left alone. In from six to eight years' time the trees immediately beneath the standards could be removed in October or November to otlier suitable land, and with care these trees would produce a crop the first or second year, and furnish another plantation at 12 feet apart, leaving the original plantation at 12 feet apart. I calculate the dwarfs would commence to crop the third year, and the standards the fifth or sixth ; and at ten years' end the outlay would be wiped out by the fruit sold. Among the newer and little known Apples, Lord Grosvenor, Potts' Seedling, Golden Spire, Grenadier, and Lane's Prince Albert should orm a large proportion for the dwarfs ; while on suitable land Cox's Orange should be planted largely for dessert, with Worcester Pearmain, Duchess of Oldenburg, and Lady Sudeley. Peasgood's Nonsuch is a very fine fruit, and attains great beauty both on dwarfs and standards ; Councillor, or New Hawthornden, is largely planted by our market growers, and the older kinds such as Wellington, Lord Sulfield (on suitable soil), should not be over- FlG. 51.— liUIN'CE STOCK. looked. The packing and sorting of the fruit is a matter that the grower must give his personal atten- tion to. In conclusion allow me to say that this paper is not intended to be a complete article, but only as a suggestive medium for you as a club to consider, and I shall be happy to answer any questions after the discussion. (I am frequently asked what is the Paradise stock ? It is a species or variety of the Apple which has been introduced from abroad, and differs from the Crab in having surface-roots. The Doucin is a form of Paradise stock — some authorities say that the Apple is not a European fruit at all, but was intro- duced by the Romans and spread wherever their legions went, while some attribute the Paradise Apple to Armenia). [We may supplement Mr. Bun- yard's paper by referring to articles in this journal relating to the history of the Apple, and of the Doucin and Paradise stocks respectively, contributed by such eminent authorities as the late Professors Decaisne and Karl Koch, while the Editor is responsible for the accounts of the stocks met with in some English nurseries, and particularly of those March 9, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE. 297 grown by Mr. Barron, for comparison, in the garden of the Koyal Horticultural Society at Chiswick. The most important articles appeared on the follow- ing dates:— April 124, 18(59; June 28, 1S73 ; and April 25. 1874. Ed.] New or Noteworthy Plants. DEXDROBIUM CHRYSODISCUS X AND D. MELAXODISCUSx. Thesh are two very beautiful hybrids, of which specimens have been kindly sent by Messrs. Veitch ; and they are not less interesting than beautiful. In the first place, though so remarkably ditTerent, both are derived from the same two parents, but one is the reversed cross of the other. Both were raised in with D. nobile or D. aureum. But these three, being admitted into the charmed circle, nothing could keep Falconeri nrul Wardianum out, for we have a hybrid from D. Falconeri and japonicum, and another from D. Wardianum and Linawianum. Finally, D. lituitlorum becomes involved by a hybrid between it and D. Wardianum. How many more maybe involved in the future, time only can tell; but sufficient evidence is already forthcoming to show that such a method of procedure is altogether out of the question. Keturning, however, to our hybrids we note that they contain blood of three different species ; and that by revei-sing the parentage the results are so different that no one would ever be likely to guess their real origin. D. melanodia- cus X is a seedling from D, Findlayanum, but strange to say it differs but little from the pollen parent, to Kew by Charles Bill, Esq., of Farley Hall, Cheadle, Htoke-ujjon-Trcnt, for which no name can be found ; and which I therefore propose to desig- nate as above, on account of tlie powerful almond- like fragrance of its flowers. The sender remarks that it was imported from Upper Burmah, and that it is a kind held in great veneration by the Burmese. It is closely allied to B, auricomura, Lindl., which, however, has more acuminate segments, ciliate petals, and other differences. A specimen from Bhamo, Upper Burmah, which has been confounded with B. auricomum in the herbarium, apparently belongs to the same species. The following are its characters: — Pseudo-bulbs ovoid-oblong, .about an inch long ; about half an inch apart on a slender creeping rhizome, two- leaved. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, about 4 inches riG. 5:2.— HOOTS Oy THK QLIXCE stock after RF.MOViL. Fig. .D.3.— nouTS of thi: chad stock. Tig. 54.— roots of the t'/ b inisE Jstock. Sir Trevor Lawrence's collection, D. chryeodiscus X from A. Ainsworthiix ?, and D. Findlayanum (J ; and D. melanodiscus X from the reversed cross. In the second place, D. Ainsworthiix is itself a hybrid, derived from D. aureum $ and D. nobile $ (D. splendissimumx being a later production from the same cross, and D. Leechianumx, a still later one, from the reversed cross). The fact that this hybrid should be equally fertile, whether used as the seed or pollen parent, has an interesting bearing on the question of the sterility or otherwise of hybrids. Kolreuter would have cut the Gordian knot, and made D. nobile and D. aureum varieties of the same species ; as he did in several in- stances where two forms, considered by most authors as distinct species, proved fertile when crossed together. Bat a glance at Mes?r8. Veitch's interest- ing work reveals the fact that D. japonicum, Findlayanum and Linawianum would have to follow suit, because they are fertile when crossed either in form or colour. D. chrj'sodiscusx is a seedling from O, Ainsworthii X , but in colour it also departs altogether from the character of the mother plant, and one would be more inclined to fi.x upon D. Findlayanum and D. aureum as its parents, if there were no other evidence to go upon. And singu- larly enough, four plants from the same seed-pod are all different. One has been called var. oculatum, and has a large maroon blotch on the yellow disc. Another has the large yellow disc totally absent, and the maroon blotch reduced to a few very short light purple radiating lines. The two remaining ones are about intermediate in character, though not both alike. Hybrids are usually more or less intermediate in character between their parents — sometimes rather less than more, and certainly such cases as the above are extremely curious and inter- esting. R. A. Rolfc. BCLBOPHYLLOTI srAVISSIJICM, Rolfc, ». Sp. A very sweet-scented Bulbophylhim has been sent long, by five-eighths of an inch broad. Racemes many- flowered, secund, arching, about 6 inches long, on a slender peduncle of similar length. Bracts minute, pedicels (including ovary) two lines long, flowers primrose-yellow, with canary-yellow lip. Sepals lanceolate-linear, sub-obtuse, three lines long. Petals proportionately broader, one line long. Lip recurved, linear, obtuse, fleshy, with a shallow grove down centre, two lines long. Column very -short, with a pair of prominent obtriangular fleshy wings on either side of the stigma, their apex abruptly and obliquely apiculate, or sometimes tridenticulate, with the central tooth longer and the outer one broader than the rest. The four poUen-massea seem usually adherent in two. It is a neat little plant, and, though not showy, of very graceful appearance, and very sweetly scented. H. A. liolfe. The Oxford Carnation and Picotee Union. — The annual exhibition of this body will take place as usual at Mr. Dodv.ell's garden, Stanley Road, Oxford, on Tuesday, August 6, 298 THE 0ABDENER8' CHBONICLE. [JfiLECB 9, 1889, CYCADS AND THEIR CULTURE. An interesting and ornamental group of plants, varying considerably in habit, some being tall and arboreal, while others are dwarf, but all agree more or less in having graceful and mostly arching, feathery leaves of various shades of green, which spring in a wliorl from the crown of the root or the stem. Some species, however, are not so regular in their growtli, but keep on jirodacing a few leaves at a time, such as may often be seen in the Macro- lamia Fraseri ; but a whorl all produced simulta- neously from the crown-bud is the general mode of growth, and Cycads usually present the handsomest appearance when the leaves are young, at which time some species have the rachis coated with a woolly substance, in some cases whitish, in others of a brown colour. As decorative plants for large houses they are as effective as Tree Ferns and Palms, but do not require so much water, at least when resting. Although so full of use to the gardener, Cycads do not appear to be generally grown, one reason being the high price charged for them by the nurserymen, and another is that they do not admit of being rapidly grown to a large size in this country. Those wishing to go into their cultiva- tion can obtain imported seeds, but many years elapse before the plants are of much decorative Talue, and probably would require fifty years to become so. Therefore, it is a more sensible plan to buy imported stems or import them, which can be done with very little risk of loss. It would seem that the importers do not meet with much encou- ragement, judging from the prices realised at auction sales, where it is not uncommon to see choice col- lections of suitable sized stems sold for a few shillings. The stems when bought are both rootless and leafless. The chief agencies to induce a resuscitation are a moderate amount of moisture and warmth ; some growers prefer to repot them on arrival, while others wait until the stems show signs of recom- mencing growth at the root or the crown. Tlie great point is to keep the stems moistened but without allowing them to be kept wet constantly — a condition of things which would cause decay. Should decay show itself it can be arrested by putting the stem into a drier house, and thereby only causing considerable delay, which, if it occur when the leaves are pushing, will probably much injure them, and the reserves of food in the stems being exhausted, it becomes diihcult for them to make a second start, a good plan to stop decay is by using dry Portland cement or plaster of Paris. When the plan is that of at once potting (he stem, the pots should not be much larger than the b.ase of the stem, and should not be deep, and the soil only sufficient to fill in any spaces between the stem and pot-side. Good drainage is very necessary at all times, if the plants are to be kept healthy. At this first potting the compost may contain more sand than subsequently, and good turfy loam. Any soil that soon sours, such as many kinds of peat, should not be employed, as repotting would frequently be needed, and this is work attended with difficulty, and the chance of injuring the roots. In the case of the loam being heavy, a small quantity of well decayed leaf-mould may be added to lighten it, and if the drainage keeps good, and the soil used is of the kind indicated, it will be found that Cycads will not often require to be repotted. Unless a plant has attained large dimensions, be careful not to overpot it, and to ram the soil firmly about the roots ; and as roots of Cycads grow upwards as well as downwards, rather more than the usual space should be left for watering, for when this matter is overlooked, the pots soon become so full of roots that there is not room enough left to hold sufficient water to moisten the roots. Touching the watering of these plants, a considerable amount of discretion is required ; when they are pushing forth new leaves a large quantity of water is re- quired by them, or crippled fronds will result ; but when the growth is matured, the plants should be gUowed to get drier at the roots before affording water, and the lower the temperature of the house they stand in the drier they may be allowed to get between each watering, but when water is applied it should be enough to wet the ball throughout. In summer heavy syringings with the garden engine in the case of old plants, will cleanse the leaves, and if much force is applied it will go a long way toward keeping tliem free from insects, scale of all kinds being their special enemies. Sliould they require cleaning by hand, the jiinn.'e should not be scratched, for if the skin be injured the pirt in a short time dies back. Where the insect is scale of a very adherent species it is a good practice to paint the plants over with a thick lather of soft soap, and leave it on for twelve hours, by which time it will have so loosened the scale that it may be sponged off without injuring the leaves. Unless when fi'esh leaves are sprouting, shading need not be employed, but if the sun come out suddenly at that period and much ventilation be required in the house, the fronds are apt to flag, and this rarelv occurs without leaving its mark. Other- wise a sunny position, with a brisk, buoyant atmo- sphere, are the conditions best suited to their require- ments. The distinctions on which the various genera of Cycads are founded is of botanical rather than horti- cultural interest, and need not be fully entered upon here. In most cases it is based on the fructification, which is of great interest. In some of the genera the terraijal bud ends in a cone, yet when that has passed away the stem grows on again as if its growth had not been arrested. A slight division of the genera m.ay be made by means of t!ie venation, thus, the nerves in Zamia are slender, parallel, and equal, whereas in Cycas they are in the form of a prominent ridge or midrib on the pinuie, or in Stangei'ia tliey are parallel and branched, pinnate from the midrib ; in Bowenia the pinnse are bipinnate, a character which clearly separates it from all others; and in Encei>halartos the pinna; are deeply toothed, indeed, spiny, very much so in E. horridus. Dion seems to be about half-way between Cycas and IMacrozamia, but there .s. The rules in ventilation, damping down, &c., are the same as for tbe permanent vineries. I have tasted most varieties of Grapes in pots, and have come to the conclusion th.it Black Ham- burgh and Foster's Seedling are the two best for early forcing (and in fact for all pot-work), giving much better returns— on an average, taking the house through, I crop about 8 lb. to a pot, sometimes 10 lb. Excellent pot Vines are supplied by th(3 trade, and I consider it quite as che.ap to buy as to grow them, if all labour and expense be t.akon into account. Those who propagate their own should procure the eyes from Vines tljat were fruited early, and each eye should be put in singly in a small pot in December. Tow.ards the end of January place the pots in a forcing-house, with a temperature of 55° at nights, plunging into fermenting materijil at about 85° or 90°. When the young Vines are up 3 or 4 inches, repot into 5-inch pots, and replace in bottoiu-heat. When the roots have reached the sides of the pots they should be lifted out of the bed. In about a fortnight they should be shifted into 8-inch pots, and should not be plunged after this stage. The next shift should be into the fruiting pots, the best size being 11 and 12 inches. The Vine luxuriates in rich porous loam with crushed bones .added. When the Vines are in active growth they require plenty of tepid-water both to the roots and overhead. The temperature may be run up to 05° after the house is shut up in the afternoon. A. Evans, Lijthe Hill, Haslempre, Orchid Notes and Gleanings. AUSTRALIAN ORCHIDS. The third part of the second volume of iSfr. Fifz.- gerald's very valu.able publication has just b.>en published at Sydney. It is a publication to rejoice the heart of the botanist, and, although it will be le."s to the taste of the gardener, that arises from the fact that the Orchids of Australia, looked at from a gardener's point of view, are less interesting than those of some other countries. A new genus, Corona- stylis of i'itzgerald is as extremely interesting as uniting the Apostasiffi with other Orchids, and thus furnishing one missing link, the discovery of which re- joices the heart of the botanist. The species of Diuris, with their linear leaves and butterfly-like yellow flowers, would be welcome introductions. Dendro- bium undulatum is a tropical form from Queensland, with large spikes of brownish-fellow flowers. Thely- mitra fasciculata is another Orchid, the regularity of whose flower titillates the botanist, but in this case the beauty of the flower is such that the florist also would rejoice. It is a tuberous terrestrial Orchid, with a long erect spike of nearly regular blue flowers. The flower-spike has a curious general resemblance to that of Eichornea. Other species figured are T. canaliculata, T. ixioides flexuosa and urnalis. Mr. Fitzgerald has laid botanists under a heavy obligation by the care and fidelity he shows in the delineation and description of a very remark- able set of plants. Oncmns at Stddlev House, Shepherd's Bosa. The rich collection of F. G. Tautz, Esq., reflects credit on his taste as a collector as greatly as it does on his grov/er, Jlr. Cowley, for his cultural skill in coun* teracting the evil effects of the London atmosphere. Scarcely have the fogs departed than a visit here dis- closes houses well furnished with flowers ofgood qualitv. There were Dendrobium Wardianum, with h.alf of their 3 feet long stems covered with bloom ; Lycastes in profusion ; Odontoglossums, scarlet Sophronitis, Ccelogyne cristata, the still rare C. c. alba, and Cdttleya Triana?. Baby (Jrchids seem to thrive here too, as witness the seedlings of the hybrid Cypripes diuras, which are to be seen springing up not onlv where they were sown, but also on the staging, and underneath it too. Among the rare things in bloom a glance disclosed a plant ofVanda Parishii Mar- riottiana, V. Amesiana, Lycaste ivieasuresiana, Den- drobium Wardianum album, D. macrophyllum Eichardi (with many spikes), SaccoUbium bellinum, 300 THE GARDENEBS' CnBONTCLE. tillAECH O, 1S89. Odontoglossum Humeanum, O. blandum, O. cris- pum flavidum, 0. Edwardi, &c. The Cypripediums, which are the pride of the collection, have in bloom among them : — C. villosum anreum, the true variety, with dorsal sepal almost entirely yellow ; C. Dau- thierii, C. Sallieri, C. gemminiferum, C. Boxalli atratura, C. Measuresianum, C. barbatura O'Brienii, C. callosuui, and scores of rare species and varieties in bud, Cypripedidm Elliottianum. Tliis grand introduction of Messrs. F. Sander & Co. has flowered in the Duke of Marlborough's col- lection at Blenheim, and proves to be even better than was at first represented ; the labellura is larger and of a curious and distinctive shape. On Thurs- day last the plant was offered for sale at Mr. Stevens' auction rooms, Covent Garden. J. O'h, Cattleya Trian.e Tautzii. This fine variety, which is now in flower in the Studley House collection, maintains its character as one of the richest coloured of the Trianies. It appears to be nearest related to C. T. Osmani, the rich velvety-crimeon colour on the front portion of the lip quite equaling that of Osmani, and its beauty is further enhanced by the clearly defined demarca- tion between the crimson and the pure white and yellow of the basal portion of the lip. OnCIDIUM TETRAPETALmr. This elegant species is now in bloom with K. J. Measures, Esq., at Cambridge Lodge, Caraberwell. Its spike (1 foot in length) bears a score or so of handsome flowers which may be likened to those of O. Phalicnopsis. The labellumis purewhite blotched with crimson at the base : sepals and petals whitish barred with brown. It belongs to the neat-growing section comprising 0. pulchellura, O. triquetrum, and O. variegatura, all of which thrive well in the Cattleya- house, and grown in baskets with fitting peat. J. O'B. BARNADESIA ROSEA. This is a South American Composite, as peculiar as it is beautiful in appearance. It has spines at the base of the leaf, and the inflorescence is lengthened into long cylindrical heads, thickly beset with shining dark brown lanceolate scales, which sur- round the true flowers (see fig. 55). These latter are of a deep pinkish-violet colour, and are remark- able for being two-lipped ; but in some instances we have seen the central florets with five distinct regular petals. It requires warm greenhouse treat- ment, with a light but rich soil, plenty of water when growing, but at other times very little. It is rarely seen out of botanical gardens, and used to be well done by Mr. Baxter at Oxford, though it well deserves the attention of those fond of flowers. For our specimen we have to thank Mr. Burbidge of the Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin, who has a plant of it 10 feet in height. The Apiary. HEIGHT OF HIVES FROM THE GROUND. This matter has exercised the minds of many, and there are many different opinions about it. Home people say hives ought to be close to the ground, and the alighting board made to reach to the ground, so that tired bees may, if necessary, fall down in front of the hives, and then crawl up into them afterwards. There may be a little in this as in most other things, but we do not fall in with the notion. In our own experience the case seems to be somewhat different. The best way appears to be to discover what a swarm would do in a state of Nature. If a swarm flew away and fmmd an abode for itself it would not, as a rule, seek a home near the ground, but high up in the air. How often do we hear of a swarm seek- ing refuge in a church steeple, and there remaining for a number of years. It is within the memory of all how a swarm a year or two ago took refuge in a signal on a railway, and thus darkened the light, and for a few minutes detained the royal train. In a wood bees get up into high trees, and in some countries men who are good at climbing ascend them to get some honey down. There must be a reason for these things. Sir John Lubbock thinks that ants and bees are next in the order of intelli- gence to man himself. It seems that the bee desires to remove its stores far away from man and animals, hence it chooses a remote place. Of course, it would be very inconvenient to support hives on legs as high as lamp-posts, but we think that 18 inches, or even 2 feet, would not be too high. Hives ought to be dry, and we cannot see how they can be dry if they are quite close to the ground. We have frequently seen bees die when they are close to the ground when they are surrounded with stores ; and, on the other hand, there has been much less mortality when the hives have been supported on some stout legs of a reasonable height. Even when a colony does not completely collapse, the reduction in numbers is greater when the hives stand low than when they stand high. Take care also that hives are not draughty. They always make their homes as snug as they can, and are very careful to plug up holes with propolis whenever they have a chance of doing so. Try them this way. Suppose their Is a circular hole in the top of a hive for feeding or supering. Just lay a piece of glass over the hole. The bees will immediately ascend, and stick the glass so firmly down, that it will require a knife to remove it. Bee. Tree Stems as Hives. In the forest-covered parts of Eastern Europe, the country folks — who.bythe way, are great beekeepers, and are satisfied with a return of 5 per cent, on their outlay annually — keep their bees in rather peculiar contrivances The one which is the most in use is a narrow shed — perhaps of 5 or 6 feet in width made of the rough outer slabs of hardwood trees, and which is made high enough for a tall man to pass comfortably along it. The front, which always faces south, consists of pieces of tree trunks, perhaps of 8 to 9 feet in length ; these are placed in the soil to a depth of 2 ftet in a closely fitting row. These butts of trees are hollowed out with a chisel, the aperture being about 2 feet in length, and the width varies with the diameter of the butt as a wall of wood must be left of at least 2 inches in thickness. A hole for the bees to enter, fitted with an alighting board, is made on the rounded side of the butt at the bottom. The excavation is furnished with a rabbet of about an inch in depth into which a thick slab of wood is fixed, and is fastened with two wooden buttons, or is hinged. The writer has seen from fifteen to twenty of such hives in one shed. When the precaution is taken of filling up all crannies and openings between the tree stems and the shingle roof where it impinges on the side and end walls, and the tops ot the butts, which are usually sawn off at the same angle as that of the roof, the bees do not enter the shed, it being then quite dark within. The entrance-door is some- times at the end, but more generally it is in tlie back of the shed, and it is best in the latter place, as the bee-tender can enter in the daytime in summer without encountering any of the bees, whereas with numerous free standing hives that would be an extremely risky venture. The bee- keepers there find these hives extremely durable if the precaution be taken to employ only thoroughly dry butts for the purpose ; Oak lasts, perhaps a life- time, and Alder which grows there to a very large size, almost as long. A kind of supering is adojited by dividing the inside space with a thin horizontal partition of wood put at any given height, according to the strength of the rolony. A hole is left in this partition, which is covered until wanted with apiece of tile. Where supers are used, the closing slab of wood, which is really the back and door of the hive, is made in two pieces, one for the main hive and one for the upper part or super. It is usual to put a bit of glass into these doors, so that the work going on inside may be watched, and a dab of clay is employed to shut out what little amount of light could enter. The dimensions of the hives, supposing the tree stems to measure 8 — 9 feet, will present 7 feet or thereabouts as the height of the stems above ground ; 2 feet the depth of the excavation intended to serve as hive, and 1 foot of solid timber at the top of the stem, which would put the entrance to the hive at 4 feet from the ground. At this height marauding mice cannot enter the hives in the winter, and the hive is secure against snow entering it, as it is also against severe cold. In Poland, Russia, and Servia, and perhaps Galicia and parts of Hungary, bears are still common, but these well known robbers of honey can do nothing with a stout tree stem standing 2 feet deep in the ground, and we doubt very much if a bear ever had the chance in his native country of bolting with a straw skep. as our artists always represent him as doing. Timber has too great a value in this country ever to be employed for beehives of this pattern, although there is much rough timber which could be so used, and we mention its use in the countries named on purpose to show the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle that plenty of honey cheaply produced can be obtained with rough appliances. When swarms have to be hived in these wooden hives it is usual to sweep tliem with the hand gently into a bucket, and carry them in the evening to the hive. In our country the adoption of the protecting shed would doubtless be attended with many advantages, and as our bears have been long since extinct and the winters mild in comparison with those of Russia and the other countries named, the fittings need not be quite of so substantial a kind. F. M. NURSERY NOTES. JAMES CARTER AND CO., FOREST HILL. Primulas at this nursery have been very fine this season. Large quantities of plants of uniform height, and bearing fine trusses of flower, filled the houses recently erected there. In one are eeveral thousand plants in 4S's, which made a truly pleasing display. The Holborn Blue is improving in its colour, and there is also the double form which is very pretty, and an advance on the single. The varieties named Blush, of compact habit, white, with a suffusion of pink ; Carmine, robust, and of a rich bright carmine colour; Venus, pure white, with crimson frecklings ; and the fine pure white Elaine are all well known, and still show themselves worthy of attention. Of the others, Magenta must receive a first place on account of the peculiar colouring — the rich magenta-red ground, and which seems to have a varying shade of purple suffusing it irregularly, and a mass of bloom of this variety has a most lively and pleasing effect. One of the finest of the white flowers is to be seen in the Holborn White, which bears very large-sized blooms in good numbers; the corolla is snowy-white, flat, and prettily fringed. Very distinct, too, is Holborn Salmon, tlie colour of the flowers being well described in the name; more- over, as the variety is very free flowering, it is almost certain to secure admiration. Holborn Ruby has Fern-leaf foliage, with trusses of carmine-red flowers thrown well up above the leaves ; tliere is a pretty spotting on this flower at the base of the corolla incisions. One other single variety is yet to be named — it is Pear], which is also a Fern-leaved variety ; the flowers in this case large and flat, white with just the faintest suspicion of a blue tinge over- shadowing them— to which fact it probably owes its name. Double varieties were nut very numerous; one of the niopt noticeable was th'' double bine already mentioned ; and in addition there were : — Snowflake, which is one of the best whites, making a good decorative plant ; Princess of Wales, vigorous, and of a rosy-crimson colour, which is very pleasing; Carmine Empress is of stiff habit, compact, and Makch 9, 1889.] THE OABDENERS' CHBONICLE. 801 small in the leaf, and has (lowers of a fine rich and blight carmine, and is one of the prettiest of the red double Primulas. Tinted Venns must not be forgotten, although its colouring (white, freckled with pale red and pale reddish-brown) will probably not commend it to all people, but it is, neverthe- less, a distinct form, and serves well as a relief. Okchids in Flower at Messrs. Backhouse's Nurseries, Yokk. There was a fine lot of Cattleva Triauic in bloom crispum, 0. maeulntum, O. sceptrum, O. Edwardi, and O. nebulosum. Tliei-e were also observed among.'^t Cypripediums— Lowii, Maiilei, Sylhelense, Sallierii, caluiuni, gemniiniferum in Hower ; and in the same house a fine plant of Cadogyue cristata alba. //. /. C. STEAM-HEATING, kc. History has been said to rejieat itself, and this raay possibly be said to be the case as regards the Fig, 55, — babnabde?ia bosea: flowers rosy-lilac, (see p. 300.; recently in the Cattleya-hoase at the above-named nurseries, many of them were very fine varieties, broad in petal and sepal, and with the labellum richly coloured. Of other Cattleyas noticed were C. amethvstoglossa, C. Enchantress, C. tricolor insignis, C. Backhousiana. C. eboracensis, C. aperta, and C. Nonpareil. In the same house were some very fine well sheathed lot of plants of Lselia purpurata, from which fine varieties are expected later on. As showing the strength of the plants I may meotion, on measuring some of the leaves, I found them to be fully 18 inches in length. In the cool houses there were numbers of Odontoglossums in variety in flower, including fine varieties of O. heating of horticultural structures by steam. Many years ago steam heating was introduced as an improvement upon heating by the old fire flue, which it was expected to entirely supersede, but it never did 80 ; while in the course of time hot water effectually superseded both the former systems of heating ; but now, strange to say, steam heating is again, by some writers on the subject, recommended as an improve- ment upon hot water. In a large garden establish- ment many years ago I had some considerable experience in heating by steam — enough, at all events, to induce me to regard it as the most expen- sive as regards fuel, and demanding also an amount of labour and attention which would hardly be sub- mitted to at the present time; and I would vastly prefer tht> old smoke flue with all its faults to any system of heating by steam that I have seen. It is hard to say whore the march of improvement in the matter of warming glass structures, as well as in other matters, may stop ; but it is at the same time diflicult to conceive any system of heating likely to supersede our most improved hot-water apparatus, with boilers so constructed as to require only a minimum amount of fuel as well as of attention. There still, however, exists a consider- able diversity of opinion as to what is the best and most economical fuel to use for the purpose of heat- ing the same, some giving preference to coke or anthracite coal, others preferring the ordinary furnace coal. For very small boilers either of the former may be preferable to ordinary coal, but for small greenhouses or conservatories attached to or in close proximity to dwelling-houses in towns I am inclined to consider gas as much to be preferred to the use of any kind of fuel. Owing to the fact of stoking being but imper- fectly understood by the persona most likely to be entrusted with the performance of this necessary duty, great wasi.e or extravagance, as well as instances of total neglect, not infrequently occur, large fires being frequently used when little or no fire is required, which tends to the injury rather than to the benefit of the plants, &c., which such structures may contain ; while, on the other hand, as fires cannot be lighted without some little trouble, it is consequently sometimes not done at all, even when most required, and the result is the injury if not the destruction of what the structure may con- tain. Fuel, of whatever kind, can hardly be used without creating something like a nuisance, in the form of dust and ashes, &c, which in proximity to a residence is, to say the least of it, objectionable, while the employment of gas for heating purposes necessitates nothing of this kind, and it can be lighted or extinguished instantaneously with little or no trouble. Of course, the necessary expense of gas will render its use for the purpose of heating large structures out of the question ; and it is only for the warming of small or comparatively small structures that it can be reasonably recommended. And what is known as the " cross tube gas boiler " can be obtained at any ironmonger's establishment at what, I think, may be considered as a very moderate cost, or about 50s. for a boiler which will heat upwards of 40 feet of 4-inch pipe, or double that length of 2 inch pipe, while gas boilers of increased^dimensiona, which will efficiently heat a greater length of piping, may also be obtained at a proportionately increased price. In all cases, however, where a gas boiler is used it is imperatively necessary that the same should be placed outside the structure it is intended to warm, and at the same time it must not be placed in the open air, where wind or rain might extinguish the gas flame, but it may be placed in any convenient outhouse or shed, or, as no litter results from the employment of such boiler, a small structure for its protection can be placed in any convenient spot without being in any degree unsightly. A ther- mometer for consultation should be placed in the open air, and where the structure to be warmed con- tains only ordinary greenhouse plants, it will seldom be necessary to light the gas until the external tem- perature falls under 40°. P. G, Cultural Memoranda. « BROWALLIA ELATA. Plants of this half-hardy annual raised from seed sown at any period during this month will make pretty furnishing stufFby the time September arrives. The seed may be sown in almost any kind of light compost, be lightly covered with fine sandy soil, and, after being carefully watered, placed in a mild heat. When the seedlings can be handled prick them out 2 inches apart in a pan into a mixture of three parts light sandy loam and one of leaf-mould ; water the pan to settle the s il, return to the warm frame or pit, and shade from sunshine until the roots 302 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maecb 9, 1889. of the plants hare taken to the soil. The plants should be potted singly into 3-inch pots, or three may be put into larger pots, before they touch, afterwards shifting them into larger pots as more space for the roots is needed. The plant should not be allowed to get root-dry, or the leaves fall off. Eed-spider is partial to the Browallia, and must be kept in check by syringing the plants daily before the flowering time. H. W. W. RAISING ALPINES FROM SEED. In reference to Mr. Jenkins' article on this subject Mr. Ewbank quotes from me. The system I sup- ported, and that which I consider to be the only reliable one in our cold and dry climate, is one which is employed by Nature. When once ripe the seeds are, as is well known, scattered on the surface of the ground — on the Alps as well as in the plains below. I have often endeavoured to observe the course of procedure of these seeds in the moun- tains, and this is what I have found. As soon as they are ripe the seeds fall on the ground, and as that generally happens during the dry period of the year these seeds do not germinate, but remain dormant. The autumnal rains (September on the Alps) wash the seeds into the ground and bury them there, often to a very slight depth, but sufficiently. The rains are soon followed by snow, and the buried seeds are rarely able to germinate before winter; although germination does take place with some plants, as, for instance, Caryophyllaceous plants in general and all annuals. Gentiana tenella and G. nivalis also often germinate before the winter, while G. gerraanica only germinates after about eight to ten months, and passes through the winter as small plants, one year after the maturity of the seed. Biennials, and even certain plants which live for a longer time, as the Edelweiss, sometimes germinate in September in the lower regions, but such cases are rare. In the great majority of instances the seeds of alpines fall on to the ground, pass the winter in a dormant state, and germi- nate in the spring. But one important factor, which plays a part during the winter season, and which maintains the seed in a state of constant moisture and uniform temperature, must not be forgotten. This is the snow, which, however, is absent from some of the regions, and particularly from some places in England. The snow forms a nice soft covering for the seeds, which, under its protection, germinate in a surprising manner. As soon as the snow disappears the seeds commence to grow. Under the influence of continued lieat and moisture the seedlings develope with an astonishing rapidity, and soon yield nice plants. Thus, after a long sleep under the snow, and sheltered from abrupt changes of temperature, the seed finds itself suddenly exposed to circumstances favourable to its germination, and, thanks to the length of the winter here, the seedlings are under the kindly influences of summer, as soon as the snow melts. Tliis takes place generally from about May to June, and it is then owing to the long davs, which immediately follow on tlie long winter, that the little plants are aulgected from the earliest periods to those conditions of heat, light, and moisture, which are most favourable to their development. Tliis is what passes in Nature. Under cultivation we must endeavour, as far as possible, to imitate the natural conditions. For this reason I sow the seeds late in the autumn, in order that their germination and development may not take place before the winter. Then I cover them with branches of Fir, so as to get as nearly as possible to the conditions of moisture, and to maintain a uniform temperature I cover the branches with snow. These are propitious conditions for the seeds, as they are covered in and put on a bed as thick as possible. Then on clear nights the snow is watered, and the surface frozen into a sheet of ice. I have often re- marked that seeds which have been covered by snow, if only for a few days, germinate and develope better than tiiose which have been left uncovered. I had two lots of seeds of the same species, and from the same head. One lot was placed on a cold bed protected by a light ; the other on an open bed, covered with Fir-branches and snow. There was a marked difTerence between these two lots, for while the second lot grew remarkably well, those under tlie light yielded meagre results. They were, more- over, both sown on the same day and in the same soil. Now, as the English climate is damper than ours, and the winter much milder, it may be that the system advocated by Mr. Jenkins is preferable — of this I cannot judge. H. Correvon, Jardin Alpin d'Acclimatation, Geneva, The Rock Garden. PLANTS SUITABLE FOR liOCKWOIiK. Thrqe are many plants well adapted to furnish rockwork, but the following, which I purpose to notice, will be found to be among those which are the best generally. First, I would notice Daphne cneorum, a great favourite witii me — a plant which is admired by all who have seen it. It has lovely pink flowers, coming in trusses, which are produced in great freedom at the end of almost every shoot, and the perfume they exhule is delicious. It appears that some gardeners Hnd a diiliculty in growing or keeping this plant alive, but here at Woolverstone it grows with the utmost freedom in all situations, the most suitable place, however, appearing to be where there is partial shade, as those we have at the end of a span-house form dense masses of shoots that in early spring are always covered with flowers. The soil that these have is sharp and gritty, and lies a foot or 18 inches -above the level, forming a bank about 2 feet wide, which has a retaining bank of rough stone hidden by the trailing branches of the Daphne. These stones also serve another purpose, for they retain moisture in dry weather, and thus encourage the roots to go beneath thera, where they iorm quite a mass. We have the Daphne cneorum doing remark- ably well in peat and in the ordinary loam of the borders ; and here propagation is efiected by layering any of the side branches, which in a year or so emit roots, and are then, if wanted, taken off at any time in the winter or spring. A splendid companion plant to this Daphne is Phlox Nelsoni, which has a still more prostrate habit of growth, as it is only 6 inches or so in height. The plant bears numerous pure white blossoms, each of which is about the size of a sixpence. The Phlox appears also to like sharp soil, and the aid of lumps of stone, on to which it climbs, and its roots run- ning underneath them, make it independent of any weather. I find the readiest way to increase this Phlox is to lay small pieces of stone on to the top of a shoot after a little sand has been thrown over the part, and under which roots soon form ; but plants may also be raised from cuttings put on under a Iiandlight kei)t shaded and close for a time. For planting uext to Phlox Nelsoni there is nothing, perhaps, so etl'ective as Lithospermum prostratum, the intense blue of whose flowers outlive those of the Gentian. A plant of it we have here has so spread itself out as to be nearly 4' feet across, and wlien in bloom it is a sight to behold, for although the individual flowers are small, each spray is full of them, and they continue to open for a long time in succession. This Lithospermum is a true rock plant, and trails in a most graceful manner. It will root if layered, or will strike from cuttings made from the half- ripened shoots, put in under bell-glasses, and placed in gentle heat to give them a start. The perennial Iberis, I. gibraltarica, is another striking plant, and forms a good contrast to the last one mentioned, the spikes of bloom being clear white; they are borne in profusion. The plant grows with freedom almost anywhere and in any kind of soil, and the shooti will root readily under a handlight, or the plant may be divided by cutting it through, an operation which may be carried out at any time of the autumn or winter. Aubrietias, again, are never seen to greater advantage than when they are planted in elevated positions. They are amongst the first harbingers of spring, for no sooner do we get a little sunshine than flowers begin to open, and the plants to form cushions of beauty, Alyssum saxatile and argenteum are likewise splen- did things for rockwork, with their masses of golden blossoms and silvery foliage. These plants and the Aubrietias do not aeem to mind how hot and dry the site is, for although the first-named are shallow rooters, they shade and keep the soil about them moist with their close dense growth, and the Alyssums send down their roots to the depth of a foot or more, and thus are unable to defy dry weather. The Geraniums must not be forgotten, as they, too, are just in their proper place on rockwork, most of them being prostrate and spreading in habit. The best are : — G. ibericum, G. platypetalum, G. armenum, G. Endresii, and G. sanguineum, all of which are strong growers. Among shrubs the finest is Berberis stenophylla, the habit of which is pendulous and trailing, and in spring the branches are loaded with floral beauty. Unfortunately this, like other Berberis, is rather difficult to transplant or move, and it is best, if possible, to get plants in pots, for if they have to be lifted from the open, the safest time is just when growth is commencing and the dry winds of March are over and gone. J. S. [Other good rockwork Berberis are dulcis or buxifolia, a very dwarf species; and Darwini, which has numerous orange coloured flowers. Ed.] PLANT PORTRAITS. Aster Amellus ; A. linahifolius, Garden, Febru- ary 23. Batemannia iiELEAGBis, OrchiilophUe, February. LlLIUM MaRTAGON ATItOSANODINEnM, BuU. SoO» Tusc, de Orticultura, February. OxERA PCLCHELLA, lUiitit ration Horticole, t, 76. Peusea GRATissiMA — fruit, thc Avocado Pear — Illustration Horticole, t. 75. llosA HUMiLis VAR. TRILOBA, Garden and Forest, February 13. — Petals 3-lobed at the apex. Tulip Guakd Ddke of Russia, Revue de I'Horti- ciiltiire Beige. Plants and Their Culture. • To Plant Flower and other Hanging Baskets. — It is now a good time to make up and renew plant baskets. These are very effective when suit- able subjects are chosen to fill them, and the requi- site numbers are in readiness for the work. The plants should be grown for the purpose in email pots, so that they may be easily transferred, and will not flag, but start into growth at once, and furnish the baskets in a short period of time. Baskets in a lialf-filled or starved condition are not very pleasing objects. Achimenes stand in tne front rank as basket plants, and make beautiful objects when well grown, and especially if some of tlie baskets are filled with mixed colours. A. longiflora major, A. putens, A. longiflora alba, A. grandis, and A. Aurora I'ink Perfection, A. Ambroise VerschaflVlt, A. Mauve (^iieen, are among the many varieties most suitable for tills purpose. The rhizomes or tubers sliould be grown in pans in sandy peat and leaf-mould bt-fore being placed in the baskets, which should be ready for them when they have shoots an inch or two in length. Aclimienes requiie j>lenty of heat during the growing season, and not an over-abundance of moisture in the air ; and as the plants increase in strengtii occasional waterings with weak liquid man- ure may be afl*orded them, putting the baskets in the coolest and driest parts of the house when in bloom. Euiphyllum and truncatum in variety may also be used as basket fillers, and coming into flower at a period of the year when other subjects are at rest, assist to fill up the places occupied by the Acliimenes. The plants are easily propagated, and should be liberally treated when growing, to induce them to make plenty of flowering shoots, which should be well ripened before winter arrives. These plants should now be placed in a warm-house in f Mabch 9, 1889.] THE OABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 303 their baskets, and grown on, removing them to a cooler and drier house to ripen their wood after their growths are made. Other good basket plants are Hoya belln, and the different species of J-ischynanthus. These become beautiful objects in a warm house, delighting in a moist atmosphere. They are grown with little trouble. Given plenty of rough tibrous peat in their compost, with a little sphagnum moss and pieces of charcoal, the plants grow witli but little trouble. G. Wi^tlies, Sion Noit^f Gurtlt m^, Jjirn/foi-J, The Flower Garden. Planting Beds. — The rules to observe in planting beds in unlimited mixtures are, that the various colours shall be distributed evenly all over the bed, and this can only be accomplished by the planting of one species or variety before any others are put out ; next, incongruity of colouring must be avoided by selecting only such colours as will harmonise ; and lastly, a distinctive tone of colour, that is, light, dark, or medium, should be aimed at in the arrangement of each bed, for by this means only is it possible to obtain a balance of colour over the entire garden. As regards the arrangement of sub- tropicals my opinion is that these all look best in mixtures, and when planted much more thinly than we are wont to see them. The whole of each plant should be visible, and if the ground be not sufficiently covered owing to such thin planting, then fill it in with low growing plants of any kind there may be to spare. A contrast as to colour is desir- able in plants used as undergrowth, though this does not greatly matter, but edging plants should always contrast as to colour with the plants in the bed. I have left the most difficult part of my subject till last, namely, carpet pattern arrangements. The difficulty lies in my inability to describe intelligibly my own ideas and manner of arranging plants after the so-called carpet fashion, and therefore readers will have to be content to accept generalities for particulars. First, tlien, I never either approved of or practised carpet-bedding in the strict sense of the term. In all our dwarf foliage arrangements of bedding plants the prevailing characteristic has been first their undulated form, caused by using plants of varying height, and next the free use of suitable plants as standards throughout the entire arrangement : in fact, there has been no carpet work because there has been uo flatness of surface. Now as to arrangement : simplicity of design is the lirst consideration, hence no pattern is more telling than one in which circles and ovals predominate. The designs decided on, the next move is their bold definition by the planting of wide bands of surfacing plants such as Herniaria glabra, Sedum glaucum, S. acre elegans, &c., accord- ing to colour desired. The central plants for small beds are then the next consideration, and the best we have yet found for such small beds are plants of the succulent order, such as variegated Agaves, variegated Sempervivum, Echeveria metallica, E. Peacockii, E. farinosa, and others. Small Yucca recnrva, and Diacoenas are also suitable. Alter- nantheras of various colours are suitable for the outer lines of these small beds, and inside round central plants, any of the smaller growing tricolor, or variegated Pelargonium, variegated Mesembryauthe- mum, Gold-feather, Leucophytou, and, if flowers be preferred, blue Lobelias are appropriate. Supposing that the outline plant be the green Her- niaria glabra, the small angles formed by cutting out the larger figures may be planted with the white Antennaria tomentosa, Sedum acre elegans, or any other light foliaged plant, and if the outline plant be of a light colour then of course the angles must be filled with the darker plants — reversal of the position of the plants being really all that is required to insure variety of arrangement. }K Wildsmith, HecJcfidd, Winchfield. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Seasonable STemoranda. — The recent hard weather will have put a stop to any planting of fruit trees which may have remained to be done, and so long as frosty weather prevails this work must remain in abeyance ; but advantage should be taken of a break to get all planting completed by the end of the month ; and I would mention that, however well the ground may have been prepared for the trees, if, when planting the soil, is in a sticky condition, an additional shovelful of fine soil, moderately dry, should be scattered among the roots, if only that from the potting-shed be used ; and it is bttter to defer treading the soil firmly about the roots till it is in ft much drier condition. Those treeg which were planted in the autumn ugainst walls, and have been left untrained, may now be made properly secure, but before doing so a good treading of the soil above the roots may be given them. Be careful not to pinch the shoots with the fastenings, be these shreds, bast, or twine, but give ample space for the season's growth. Orchanh. — Young standards should be staked afresh, and those planted last autumn may now be finally fastened to their stakes, placing a soft pad of hay, moss, &c., between bark and stake to prevent injury to the former. For fastening orchard trees stout tarred twine or Willows twigs are the best materials. The labeling of all trees should not be overlooked, and where the system of hanging the labels with wire to the branches is carried out. the wire must not be allowed to cut into the bark. In these gardens lead labels are employed, the names being stamped thereon; the label is attached to a stout stake is inches long, driven into the ground a few inches away from the stem, so that no difficulty is experienced in finding the names in summer when the trees are in leaf. But in what- ever way the labelling is done, tln're should be a list of all the trees,their names, and position, kept for purpose of reference. //. MarJchaiii, Mfirworth Castle, Kent, Fruits Under Glass. The \Vork in the FonciNG Pits. — Tomatos should now be growing freely and showing bloom ; therefore maintain a growing tempera- ture of 50° at night and (10° — 70 with air by day, keeping all growths well tliinned out, and tying in those retained. As a means to destroy the white- fly on Tomatos I find Calvert's carbolic soft-soap much more deadly in its eflects than tobacco-paper. It should be used at the rate of 1 oz. dissolved in 3 gallon of warm water, and after it has dissolved the plant should be syringed with it. It will also destroy the eggs of the aphis without the slightest injury being done to the plants. Shut up with sun- heat in the afternoons, the plants being lightly dewed over with the syringe two or three times a week. Plants from seed sown in February may be potted oft' into 7-iuch pots, two plants in a pot, ])laced near the glass in stove-heat, and shifting them into 10 or 12-inch pots when large enough. The stems may be trained round three or four stakes, about 3 feet high, stuck into the soil ; the plants will then not take up much space, and may be stood at the ends ot vineries or such-like places. Seeds should be sown this month for summer and autumn supply. Pot ofi* into (iO's as soon as they can be handled, place near the glass in a Cucumber-house, and when the pots are filled with roots pot off into 7-inch pots, gradually hardening ofi' until planted out in June against a warm wall. Figs.— The early-house may be afTorded a night temperature of 65°, with a rise of 10*^ by day, shut- ting up with sun-heat, sprinkling the paths and walls with manure-water. Stop the young shoots when they are 6 inches in length, or say at the fifth or sixth leaf, cut out any superfluous shoots, and thin the fruit if it is found to be tliickly placed. Examine the plants in pots with regularity, giving tepid manure-water occasionally when the pots are full of roots. If the Figs in the succession house are planted out, the inside border will require close attention in the matter of watering ; and thin out the fruit where it is too abundant, remembering that a second crop has to be provided for. A night temperature of 60° may be maintained if the weather be not frosty, and one of 65° to 70° by day, giving air on the morning of mild days, shutting up at an early hour in the after- noon, syringing the trees, and dampingthe paths and borders. Hints on Melon Growing. — These come on very slowly, in fact slower than I can remember them to have done before. Theearlyplants have made but little progress ; the occasions on which air could be given have been but {qv*'. The growth is weakly, although it is encouraged as much as possible in the daytime by a moist, genial temperature, and the plants are moistened at shutting-up time, when a tempera- ture of 80° to C0° is obtained, the night temperature being 70°, a little higher or lower, according to the outside temperature. The he?,t of the bed is 85*', Generally speaking Melons should not be stopped at the points of the shoots till they have almost reached the top of the trellis, but yet it is desirable, in order to get a few small early fruits, to stop one or two of the plants when somewhat less advanced. Plants raised from seeds sown in January and February should be planted out to keep up the succession, Employ strong loam for the hills, make firm and press the soil well around the plauts when planting them, but without disturbing the roots. Some of the plants from these sowings may be put into 10-inch and still larger pots, leaving space for top- drf^ssing. Continue to sow a few seeds, singly, in fiO's, for succession. In jilanting. or in any way working among those in frames, be very careful not to expose the jjlunts on cold or windy days, as a very slight cliill will cause irretrievable injury whilst they are in this tender state. Always keep a good heap of stable-dung and leaves constantly turned over, where hot-water pifs or houses are not in use, so as to have the materials for making up new beds, and renewing the linings of others, as they lose heat. Keep the heaps covered up witli some dry litter, to preserve the heat as much as possible, (live the plants a gentle dewing over with the syringe, and shut up for an hour, with sun-heat, putting on a little air to the fiames when covering up for the night. W. Bciinctl, Hangeniorc, Burton-on- Troif. [In hot-water pits there is no danger from hot steam or ammonia, but even in those some amount of night ventilation has its advantages, Ed,] The Kitchen Garden. Aspaeaqds. — This vegetable does not succeed on some soils, especially on damp heavy land. The best soil for Asparagus is a light deep loamy soil with a good proportion of sand. It, however, requires abundance of manure to secure heads of good size, also to ensure rapid growth, else it is lacking in succulence. "Where the right soil exists it is most economically grown in brakes 2 feet between the rows and 12 inches between the plants; this allows of ample space for the full development of the shoots, which gain strength and sturdinesa to resist the winds and rain, and thus the crowns grt sufficiently matured. Damp is very injurious, but where the soil is of a light kind little danger is to be apprehended on that score. It will be found good practice to run a row of stakes down the rows and stretch a strong string or two, to which to tie the " grass " ; this of course takes up a great deal of time, and some ordinary Pea sticks placed between the rows will answer the same purpose, only that they will not have such a neat appearance. AVhere the ground is not suited to Asparagus much may be done towards securing good results, by planting on elevated beds, the alleys being filled up 2.V to 3 feet deep with stones, clinkers, or other porous materials, with a drain at the end for the escape of water. In some instances it is necessary to put in deep drains, and place beneath the beds a layer of drainage material, and to bring in fresh soil. Young plants are secured by sowing seed about the end of March or beginning of April ; if sown earlier it may be injured by late spring frosts. The ground should be prepared in advance, by well trenching and mix- ing with the top spit a heavy dressing of well-rotted manure. The seed should be sown in drills about 9 inches apart, and if the plants come up too thickly they should be thinned, leaving the plants from 4 to 6 inches apart; the following spring the plants are ready for transplanting. This operation should be deferred until such time as the young growth has pushed about 1 inch, when the plants should be lifted. The best system of planting is to place the line on the spot where the plants are to be set, and with a spade take out a notch on each side of the line, regulating the depth to the length of the roots. t)n the top of this saddle-shaped ridge place the plants with one half of the roots on each side — the soil being returned and firmly pressed against the roots, care being taken not to injure the young shoots. After t-tanding for two years it will be fit for lifting, forcing, or cutting. Old plantations sliould now receive attention, the covering, which haa been on them for the winter, should be removed, a dressing of 3 inches of rich, rotted manure substituted for it, and a slight surfacing of soil placed on the top of all. Where suitable manure is not at command blood manure, or some other artificial, should be given, and a surfacing of soil placed on the top of itf Wm. M, Baillie, I^uton I£oq, 304 THE GARDENEES' CHE ON I CLE. [March 9, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper he yuaran- teed for adoertisements occupyiny less space than an entire column. SUBSCBIBEB.S TO rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE who experience any difiiculty in obtainijiy their Copies reyularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded loith complaint). W. RICBARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Btrand, W.C. GASDEKERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrains is "GARDCHRON, LONDON." APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MONDAY, TDESDAY, MONDAY. MEETINGS. Mab. 11 — Cliumbre Syudicale of Ghent. Min. ui Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, Floral, and Scientific Committeee. SUB. SALES. iJapnnese and Englisli-grownLilies, Japanese Iris, &c., at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. i First Portion of the Sunbury House Collection of Orchitis, at Pro- theroe &. Morris' Rooms (two duys) Rosea, Conifers, Fruit Trees, Sec, at the City Auction Rooms, by . Protheroe & Morria. WEDNESDAY. Mar. THURSDAY, Mab. ■J Roses, Fruit Trees, ( Rooms, Shrubs. Border at Stevens' at FRIDAY, SATURDAY. MlB. Mar. Orcliids in Flower and Bud Stevens' Rooms. Nursery Stock from Sample, Lilium rntum, &c , at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Imported and Established Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. {Roses, Fruit Treea, Shrubs, Border Plants. Bulbi, Sec, at Stevens' Rooms. \i( Nurst i aui I Mc CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOB THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDITCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK-42".2. Since January 1, 1670, when this The Adulter- j^gf passed in the previous autumn, (ition of Seeds '* . , _ ' , , ,.,,, , ;^i,t^ came into force, out little has been heard of it, and it might have been hoped that the necessity for its enactment had passed away. The crop of rogues is probably not smaller than before, but it was hoped, from the general silence, that the Act in question had sufficed to banish them from our fields and gardens, to find refuge in some other quarter less well protected from their incur- sions. Two circumstances, however, militate against this hope. Thus, in 1878, it was found necessary to introduce an amending Act, specify- ing with greater precision than before what "dyeing seeds " sigrilies within the meaning of the Act. We shall do well to repeat this : — " The term to ' dye seeds ' means to apply to seeds any process of colouring, dyeing, or sulphur-smoliing." The passing of this second Act looks as if the practices it was intended to suppress were at that time still carried on, perhaps because the wording of the original Act left a loophole, by .speaking of giving the doctored seed " the appearance of seed of atiother hind." It is clear that, as a general rule, no amount of turmeric or sulphur- smoking would do that, and, indeed, that is not ordinarily the object of the malefactors. The other reason which forbids us to hope that the crop of rogues is extinct is the inade- quate penalty inflicted for a first oiTence. According to the Act "anyone who kills or causes to be killed any seeds ; or dyes or causes to be dyed any seeds ; or sells or causes to be sold any killed or dyed seeds, shall be punished" for the first offence by a " penalty not exceeding five pounds." "When the cost of obtaining a convic- tion is considered it will be admitted that while the Act is clear enough in its terms, aud whilst not more than the usual number of coaches and six can be drawn through it, yet that the cost of setting it in motion is so great that not many private individuals will care to incur it. It is rather work for some such body as the Xursery and Seed Trade Association to take up. Be this as it may, the case recorded in a recent issue (p. 217) shows that the nefarious practices are still carried on to the detriment of the honest merchant and the loss of the consumer. It must be admitted that the farmer in his search for cheapness, and with his usual apathy and neglect of even the very simplest experimental trials, lays himself peculiarly open to the machinations of the rogues. There is no power of adequately protecting people who will take no pains to protect themselves. The merchants, however, have their reputation at stake, and as they were the prime movers in securing the passing of the Act, so on them may fairly be laid the burden of putting its pro- visions into action, and of still further amending the Act by such additional sections as m'ay be shown by experience to be desirable ; such for instance, as the imposition of increased penalties recoverable at the discretion of the magistrate, in the case of first offences ; the inti'oduction of clauses forbidding the admixture of dead seed, securing the punishment of those who knowingly buy, as well as of those who, with fraudulent intent, sell doctored seed, providing the means of obtaining search-warrants in suspicious cases, etc. It is alleged we know not with what precise amount of truth, that, owing to the little use that has been made of the Act, the practice of selling doctored seed has again reached large proportions. The profit to be made is so large as to be a great incitement to the rogues. We have been told of cases where old red Clover seed, bought at 8s. per cwt., after manipulation was sold for 3.").?., the cost of doctoring being estimated at about 2s. Qd. per cwt. Of course, after a season like that of last autumn, when good seed — as we have already had occasion to remark — was, in most eases, very scanty in quantity, and in some cases non- existent, the temptation to doctor old worthless seed, to make it reseml)le new, is greater than usual. The ordinary practice of dyeing consists in the use of indigo or turmeric, and especially in the exposure of the seeds to the fumes of burning sulphur. When seeds so treated are mixed with good seed, detection is diflicult to the inexperi- enced by the naked eye; but the germinating power is easily tested, while soaking iu water or still better in spirit will reveal the presence of adventitious colouring matter, and sulphur can be very readily detected by the chemist. The purchaser, rather than allow himself to be tempted by the low price of the wares offered him, would do well in all cases to secure his supplies from some house of acknowledged repu- tation. Now-a-days dealers in coal, dog biscuits, petroleum, or firewood often trallic in seeds also. Of course, they have a perfect right to do so if they choose, so long as they conduct their busi- ness honourably ; but what knowledge of the seed-business can such men really have I' They buy and sell with scarcely any knowledge of the commodities in which they deal. How can such people be expected to kuow that English red ^ Clover seed is better than French or American ? How can they know the different values of American, Canadian, or German seed — and how can they recognise the probable source of the seed in which they deal ? As a matter of fact, we believe it is generally recognised that English Cow-grass or broad-leaved Clover comes first in point of (juality, as better adapted to our climate ; then, in successive order, English red Clover, Canadian, or that derived from the Xorth of France ; while Clover seed from the South of France is of comparatively little value in this country. Even from different counties in England the variation in growth and hardihood is great ; the cold clays of Essex and Somerset have the repu- tation of producing the hardiest Clover plant. Suffolk, a sunny county, has a good reputation for its seed. Welsh seed is well thought of, a proof of which is offered in the circimistance that large quantities of AVelsh seed have been offered on the market, though little or none has l;een grown in Wales for the last two years. So, too. Lowland Dutch Red Clover or Maas Red, appre- ciated in Norfolk, is being offered, though where it can have come from is a matter of speculation. There is no question that good English seed is often mixed with a certain percentage of that from other countries and which is not actually bad, or dyed seed, but still seed of inferior quality. The class of dealer we have alluded to above is more likely than not to be unaware of these differences. It is a cjuestion, therefore, whether the Seed Act might not be so extended as to render illegal any such mixture as has been alluded to, unless the fact be duly announced on the label, though we fear the difficulties in the way of accomplishing this would not be slight. The very great value of English seeds of a good stock over all other growths, foreign or other- wise, as regards the produce from them against the produce of the other kinds, should in e\-ery way Ije protected and encouraged ; and taking, into consideration what the loss of a " plant " in a crop of hay or seed means to a farmer, prompt measures should le adopted to meet the case, to protect the producer and consumer from the wiles of the unscrupulous. From what has been said, and especially from the results of the recent trial, it is evident that, although the Seed Adulteration Act, is not quite a dead letter, yet that its pro\-ision3 require to be more often put in force, and if that were done it might not be found ne-.essary to further amend or extend it, as the multiplication of offences and penalties is in itself undfsiralile. The Conservatory at Castle Ashby.— Theline gardens of the Marquess of Northami'ton at Castle Ashby have been repeatedly noticed in these columns, and notably at considerable length in our issue for September 25, 187.^, when two jiretty views in the grounds were given. It was, and is a charm- ing garden, and at that time aflbrdcd one of the best examjtlea of bedding-out in s])ring and summer; for the harsh contrasts of colour then jirevnlent in gardens, and which wei-e then beginning to be con- sidered not the end-all and be-all of flower garden- ing, had already made way at Castle Ashby to har- monies in sober tints. Tlie garden was great in mono- grams and quaint devices in Box aud other dwarf- growing slirubs, and also in the natural style of gar- dening, now rather unhappily designated the " wild garden." The structure shown in our illustration (fig. March 9, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 305 56) is an architect's conservatory, and our readers will know what that means. It is a place of handsome pro- portions, good workman.ship, and an ornament to the garden ; but the gardener aboniiuates it, for do not his best plants lose their leaves and lower branches, and become attenuated objects of no decorative value, often readily falling a prey to insect enemies ? The building, which was designed by Sir DiGiiv Wyatt, stands near to the church, and is 140 feet in length by 30 feet in width ; the pillars are monoliths of Bath stone, and support iron girders. The middle of the hoHse is surmounted by a dome of massive legacy of £,5tX) left to it by the late Mr. Johx livLANDs, of Manchester. We are requested to state in response to numerous inquiries addressed to the Secretary that the collieting-cards for this, the ■Jubilee year of the Institution, will be in the hands of its patrons and friends early in the next week, and that those persons who may fail to obtain one, should communicate witli the Secretary, at 50, Par- liament Street, London, S.W. Royal Horticultural Society. — The Scientific Committee of tlie above will meet for the Association was held on the ."ith inst., at 5, St. Andj-ew Square, Edinburgh, the President, Mr. Alex. McKiMNON', in the chair. The number of members present on this occasion e.vceeded that of any former annual meeting. The Secretary, Mr. Kobeutson Monro, read the annual report, which showed that the progress and intiuence of the Association was extending. During the year fifty-two ordinary members and three life membi-rs had been added to the roll. Mr. McKenzie, in the Treasurer's report, stated that the income from '2s. ftZ. subscriptions during the year was £40, and the expenditure, which Fl(_+. 50. — VIEW IX THE CONSERVATOnY AT CASTLE ASHBV, NORTHAMl'TOXSHIRE, proportions, and it is just at this point that the view was taken. This dome is 40 feet in height ; under- neath it is a fountain. As will be seen in the view, beds are reserved for flowering plants of a dwarf character, others being filled with Musa ensete, Aralia, Colocasia, Phormium, Drac^na Veitchii and others. Tree Ferns, Clianthus puniceus, Ruscus androgynus, Lapageria, Clethra arborea, Hibbertia, Clematis, &c. Many Orange trees in tubs stand about, one being 200 years old, but these are not seen in the view. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— We are informed by Mr. E. E. Cotlek that the above Institution has benefited recently by a future at 4 p.m., in the Library, at 117, Victoria Street, S.W. The meetings in ilarch take place on tlie 12th and 26th. Dutch Horticultural Society.— it may not be generally known that such a Society exists in London for the sake of bringing together the young Netherlands gardeners, who are picking up knowledge in this country. Belgians cognisant with the Dutch language are also admitted members. Mr. GoEMAXs, 23, Gloucester Boad, Kew, is the Secretary. The Scottish Horticultural Associa- tion.— The twelfth annual general meeting of this was exceptionally heavy, was £39. The income from the Chrysanthemum show was £131 9«. 6rf. with an expenditure of £l.'tl. The Duke of BoccLEUCH was re-elected honorary President, and Professor Bavley Balkour was elected President for the coming year. Mr. James Greibe, Pilrig Nurseries, Edinburgh, in room of Mr. Malcolm Dunx, Dalkeith Palace Gardens, and Mr. A. McKinnon, Scone, in room of Mr. Georoe McKinnox, Melville Castle Gardens, were elected 'Vice-Presidents. It was announced that the Duke of Buccleuch had sent a donation of five guineas to./ards the prize fund of the Centenary Chrysanthemum Show, and that the Lord Provost and Town Council of Edinburgh inti- mated that they would subscribe £100 to the 306 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [March 9, 1889. guarantee fund of the Chrysanthemum show, and a cup, not to exceed £20, to the prize List. The guarantee fund now amounts to about £250. A new seedling Rhododendron named Hiawatha, a cross between Princess Alice and ciliatum, was ex- hibited by the raiser. Mr, Cabter, of Carterbank, Edinburgh, an enthusiastic amateur. It was seven years' old and occupied a .'>-inch pot, and was about 1 foot high, with an erect branching twiggy habit. The leaves are from ^ to 2 inches long, about 1 inch broad, acutely oval, clothed denst-ly and ciliated with short reddish hairs. The flowers are broadly campanulate, of great substance, white, tinted rose. Messrs. Laihd & Sons, Edinburgh, exhibited an ex- cellent plant of Pancratium guianensis in bloom, which was the first of the species which had been seen in flower in this part of Scotland. Mr. Fiuser, Ardarroch Gardens, Lochgilphead, exhibited cut blooms of Cattleya Trian;\\ including a superior form of alba, also some fine Dendrobiums, and a dark form of D. nobile, unnamed, and a beautiful truss of C'clogyne cristata alba. ]\Ir. AftMiLLAX, Trinitv Cottage, Edinburgh, sent a collection of semi-double Camellias of great size and substance. French Gardeners' society.— We are also informed that a number of the young French gar- deners around London have formed themselves into a Mutual Improvement Society for the promotion of good-fellowship and mutual assistance in the study of gardening, for the formation of a library, &c. Young English gardeners desirous of acquiring a colloquial knowledge of the French language will be cordially welcomed as members, and will enjoy the same privileges as those of French nationality. The meetings take place on the first Saturday of each month. Every member has a right to the use of the library, while books and gardening papers are lent to applicants for the space of one month. M. Ch. ViLLARD, Kew, is the President; M. C. Page, Vice-President ; M. Zimmerman, St. Albans, Treasurer ; and M. L. Charton, Eythrop, near Ayles- bury, Secretary, to whom all communications should be addressed. The meetings are held at .3, Maccles- field Street, Shaftesbury Avenue. AVe heartily com- mend the principle of these societies, but would sug- gest inquiry as to the possibility of federating these societies under one common association. Each nationality might preserve its own individuality and independence, but might at the same time reap the advantages of co-ojieration and union at a diminished cost. Minister of Agriculture.— in this country we have not, as yet, had one Minister of Agricul- ture. We are promised one, however, who is to look after Horticulture as well. May we ho])e that we may not have so many as our good neighbours, the French, who have had twenty-two since 1871, and 73, since the organisation of the office in January, 1828. For these statistics we are indebted to the Mot} //cur d'Horfic/iitinr. Swellings in the Olive and the Aleppo Pine. — M. Prillieux has ascertained that certain small cellular swellings in these trees are due to the presence of bacteria. At first composed of loose cellular tissue, the tubercles subsequently become woody. Nicholson's "Dictionary of Gardening." — The completion of this book, invaluable to gar- deners, demands attention as a bit of news, but it is not necessary to say more than has already been said as to its utility. That the book has faults both of commission and omission is only to say that the labour has been heavy and exacting. It is the idlers and do nothings who never make mistakes. Of all the compilers who of late years have undertaken a similar task Mr. Nicholson is by far the best, both from his own qualifications and the favourable cir- cumstances under which he is placed. We hope then that the publisher (L'pcott Gill, 170, Strand) will meet with sufficient encouragemant to com- mission Mr. Nicholson' to go over the whole work again, correcting such things as are needful, and specially adding those things which ar^ desirable, and in the course of a short time reissue the book so annotated, or publish an exhaustive supplement every few years. Useful features in the present volume are the supplements contributed by the Kev. Phrcv Mvlks, and dealing with the pronunciation of the names of plants. Mr. Mylks, we are glad to see, has adopted the Continental method of pronouncing Latin, which, indeed, has always been the practice in Ireland and Scotland, and which is destined to become general in Kngland also. Mr. Mvlks also gives us a list of Greek words frequently used in the construction of generic names. A list of synonyms and cross references is also given. With Bkn'tham and Hooker's Genera for the genera of flowering ])lants, and this work fur the most important species grown in gardens, we have now a standard as authoritative and excellent as it is in the nature of circumstances ])0ssible to have, and to it horticul- turists should loyally conform. We do not mean to deny the right of any one to put whatever names he likes to his plants, so long as he does not publish them, but if he does so, then he should either use Knglish names, concerningthe nature of which there can be no doubt ; or at any rate he should not employ such names as by their construction imply that the plants have been properly described and registered by a competent botanist. Half the diffi- culty in nomenclature is caused by the unauthorised use oi names botanical in appearance, but purely horticultural or commercial in substance. Canadian Plants.— In 1878 there was pub- lished by Professor Macoun a check-list of the plants known to occur in Canada. This list has for some years been out of print, and since it was issued many new species have been discovered, and the names of many more have been changed. At the request of botanists both in Canada and the United States. Professor Macoun has published, and now offers for sale, what is believed to be a complete list of the Phffinogamous and Vascular Cryptogamous Plants of Canada. The price of the list is .")0 cents per copy. Those wishing to possess it should write to .Jas. M. Macot.s-, Geological Survey, <.)ttawa. Ontario, Canada, National Chrysanthemum Society.— The adjourned general meeting of members took j)lace at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, E.G., on the 28th ult. Mr.E.C. Jukes, Vice-Chairman of Committees, in the chair. Lord Brooke, M.P., was unanimously elected the President of the Society ; and the follow- ing noblemen and gentlemen Vice-Presidents : — The Earl of Lytton, Lord Ebury, Sir G. Hunter, Sir Lewis Pelly, Sir Edwin Saunders, Leopold de RothschiUl, Esq., J. Wormald, Esq., Dr. Hogg, and the late President, Mr. E. Sanderson. The Treasurer, Mr. J. Starling, submitted the Trustees' account of the Reserve Fund made up to December 31, 1888, showing the amount invested in Government Stock to be £08 'M, 5d., and of the balance at the close of the year 1888, the sum of £14 lOs. 7d. had been invested in New Three per Cents., bringing the total up to £112 14*'. The Hon. Secretary brought up an estimate for the i)re8ent year and recommended that the sum of £70 Kfe. should be awarded in prizes at the September show ; £195 at the November show, £50 lit the Hull Provincial Show, in addition to the prizes offered by the Hull Society ; and £50 lOs, at the mid-winter show in January, 1800, These sums all show an increase upon last year. Pelargoniums at the Home of Flowers. Florists deserve much praise for the improve- ments they have effected in Pelargoniums of the zonal and plain-leaved sections, and no one more than Mr. Hy. Cannell of Swanley, and Mr. Pearson of Chilwell, and MM. Sisley, Lemoine, and other continental raisers. Time was when a Tom Thumb, a Basilisk, or a Pink Nosegay were all that we could show in the way of zonals, and these only in summer ; but now, owing to constant selection of fine types with rounded petals possessing much substance, and by having an eye to beauty in colour, we have a pretty constant race of scarlet, crimson, pink, salmon, and white-flowered Pelargoniums, with and without eyes, and borne in enormous trusses, and which by our improved methods of culture can be got to flower in early and mid-winter, as well as they do under a diffe- rent treatment in late summer and autumn. Many an amateur's conservatory is made gay after the Chry- santhemums have passed out of fiowtT by zonals alone; and a pretty sight it is when the owner or bis gardener knows rightly how to choose the colours of the plants. We are reminded of tlie importance of the Pelargonium by the receipt of a boxful of splen- did pij)s from Mr. Cannell. Bakeria TILLANDSIOIDES.— Under this name the Bcviii' Horticok of February IG, 1889, flgures a plant described by M. Andee as forming a new genus of Bromelias allied to Brocchinia. The plant bears a rosette of numerous linear lanceolate acuminate entire leaves, covered with silvery scales, from the centre of which proceeds a long erect leafless scape, terminated by a loose branching panicle of numerous small pale lilac star-shaped flowers. The whole inflorescence measures 40— .50 cent, in length; each flower is about 8 mill, across {:|- inch and upwards). The plant is supposed to be a native of Brazil, and flowered in the collection of M. A. de la Dlvan- &AVE. Barbary Plants.— M. Cosson has published tlie third fascicle of his lUvhtrationesFlorcEAilantU-a, comj)rising a series of quarto lithographic plates of representations of the floras of Algiers, Tunis, and Marocco. The present part contains plates 31 to 73, and is devoted principally to the Crucifene and Kesedaceo?. Among the former is figured Iberis gibraltarica from Marocco (Tangier). It is not uncommon in cultiva- tion, but appears to be rare as a wild plant, being only known from Gibraltar, and the opposite coast of Tangier. This is an illustration of the value of gardens to the botanist, a value not always appre- ciated at its true worth. In cultivation it does nut usually produce seed-vessels, but these are figured in the present work. Seed Lists. — In addition to those previously mentioned we have received exchange lists from the Iloyal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin ; the Cambridge Botanic Garden, the Koyal University of Claudio- polis (Klausenburg), Hungary, every page of which is surrounded with a very deep black border, pre- sumably on account of the late Prince Podoli-h. Narcissus in the South of Ireland.— Mr. Hahtland sends us, in illustration of the fact, that there is an opening in that district for the estab- lishment of a trade in bulbs and in cut flowers of Narcissi, a selection ot cut blooms from the open, comprising Rip van Winkle, Ard Righ, Golden Spur, maximus, nobilis, Golden Plover, Scoticus, Tenby, Trewianus, cernuus. Pseudo-Xarcissus, in varieties ; Henry Irving, pallidus-priecox, Leda, Bishop Mann, cyclamineus minimus, all well developed fine flowers. Cheap Quinine.— It is, perhaps, worth record- ing that at the drug sales during the week ending February 2.1, 15,000 oz. of German manufactured quinine were sold at is. \d, per ounce — the lowest price on record. Quinine at 1«. an ounce seems to be not far off — a very rapid decline, when it is re- membered that less than twenty years ago it sold for a guinea an ounce. Vegetation at Falmouth.— We have been favoured with the inspection of a list of wild plants which blossomed in the neighbourhood of Falmouth in the month of December. The list was submitted to the Falmouth Naturalists' Society, and comprises no fewer than eighty-eight species — a number that tells a tale as to the mildness of the winter up to IUech 9, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 307 that date, and which precludes our enumerating them at lengtii. The orders represented are : Ranuncuiacea*, one species ; Fiimariaceaj, two ; Cru- ciferie, eight : ViolaccK, two ; Caryoplijllaceffl. seven ; Ilyperioacvai. one ; Linaceie, one ; Gera- niaceiE. six; Leguuiinosiu, four; Rosacea", five; Umbellifera;, tliree ; Araliace.T, one ; Rubiaceie, one ; Valerianace:e, one ; Composita.*, eigliteen ; Campanu- lacea;, one ; I'lumbaginacea;, one ; I'rimnlacea', one ; Boraginace.T, two; Solanacese, one; Scrojjhulariacea', five ; Labiat;c, eiglit ; I'lantaginaceas, one ; Ohenopo- diacea;, one ; PoI_vgonacea\ three ; Kuphorbiaceaj, one : Urticacea?, two. No Monocotyledon was observed in flower. The Decimal System.— Only an infinitissimal fraction of the civilised world (W millions) now dispense with the decimal or metrical system, or both. The metrical system of weights and measures, according to a report presented to the French Academy, is now obligatory among 302 millions of the population of the civilised world— a gain of 53 millions since 1877. The same system is optional among 96 millions of people (Great Britain, Canada, United States) — an increase of 19 millions. It is n partial use (Russia, Turltey, India) among 39.5 millions — an excess of 54 millions over 1877. The metric system is now legalised among more than 794 millions, or more than GO per cent, of the popu- lation of the globe — an increase of 126 millions over 1877. Cliina, Japan, and Mexico have decimal but not metric systems. As to coinage, 255 millions of people adopt the monetary system of France, and the circulation is international ; 5G millions have a similar coinage, but not an international circulation. Emigration to Washington Territory.— The amusing letter in our last number has been tViVen au grand s?n>Ha' by a considerable number of lads who wish to be adopted. Under all the circum- stances, we must decline to accept any responsibility in the matter. Publications Received.— TAe Best Forage Plants, By Drs. Steqlkr and ScnnoTER, translated by A. N. McAlpixe, B.Sc. (London : D. Nott, 270, Strand, W.C.). — The Adoertisers' Ouardian (London ; L. Colli.ns," 16, Great Marlborough Street, ^V.). — Carters' Practical Gardener. Edited by E. J. Beale, E.L.S. (London : James Cahtee & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn.) — IXc Cruise of the Marchcsa to Kamseliatka and Kcw Guinea. By F. H. H. GoiLLEMABD, M.D., &c. ; 2Qd edition. (London : John Mchkay, Albermarle Street.) Useful Inventions. Messes. Hoopee & Co. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C., send us a specimen of their cheap Plant Protectors, and we extract the following remarks from a circular accompanying it;. — "This protector is a cone of wood, turned out of the solid trunk of the tree, and, unlike the inverted flower- pot so often used, it admits abundant light and air. The open side being placed towards the south or south-west, the plant covered by it is perfectly pro- tected from winds and frost, so destructive to young vegetation in the spring, so that tender and half- tender subjects may be planted out much earlier than hitherto, and with safety. Those subjects which will be benefited by the use of this plant protector will at once occur in great numbers to the mind of the gardener or amateur, whose greatest difficulties have hitherto been in the season when plants, more or less tender, are first put out into the open. "A stick thrust into the ground through the centre of the protector suffices to keep it in position, and secure it from removal by the wind. Their conical form and the cross-grain cut of the wood causes rain and sunshine to harden and strengthen the protectors, so that if taken care of they will last many years. They also pack away in a very small compass." A Novelty in Canal Tkanspoet and Con- struction. The usual methods of transporting goods by means of canal boats are well known, but Mr. Arthur I'ickard, of Leeds, proposes to furnish the motive- power in the water itself. To this end he would divide a canal longitudinally, and at one end of a given length he would place a fan-wheel driven by an engine of 10-horse power, which engine would, if it were placed where the alteration of level re- quired the hauling or lowering of the canal boats answer lor that purpose also. The fan is placed in an aperture of the dividing wall, and by its action drives the water along the canal, and through an aperture in the dividing partition at the opposite end of the canal — the water maintaining the same level throughout in both conduits. The beats, which are in reality tanks, witli or without covers, have flat bottoms and rectangular ends, are thus carried at the rate of 5 miles per hour up or down the canal, as may be required. If necessary, the boats may be furnished with flanged wheels, so that they may run on rails on inclines and level roads to load and unload ; or they may be raised bodily by means of a crane. Docks for loading or unloading are readily made by enclosing a space parallel with the canal, and patQent [NKSTR-JCriB[£ Fig. .57.— new copper label. allowing the water to flow into it, merely shutting it off from the canal by solid gates, so that the flow of water in the canal itself may not be diverted, or its force dissipated. There are many purposes to which the system appears applicable, notably the carriage at a very cheap rate of garden and farm produce, such as Potatos, Apples, Hops, grain, fodder of all kinds, and, in fact, anything which will not spoil by a short delay in transit. The following are the advantages claimed by Mr. Pickard for his invention : — 1. One power to carry any load any level distance. 2. Dispensing with haulage and attendance. 3. The use of truck boats, which may be bodily lifted from the waterway, to load or unload, and may also be instantaneously transferred from one current or level to another, dispensing with the tediousness of locks. 4. Can be adapted to present canals, by dividing the waterway and providing guide rails in the mid stream. 5. "Where present canals have use of an existing stream, it can be utilised in forming a current, and where they have no natural supply of water, they at present have a pumping engine, which engine may be used for forming the current. 6. May be made a great saving for conveying pro- duct from colliery, or works, to a railway or canal, or as a feeder for any class of traffic to or from a railway or canal. 7. May be adapted for relieving goods trallic on railways, by forming current in each side of per- manent way. 8. In forming new canals, they may be constructed of continuous iron tanks, wliich may be supported over valleys, roadways, or other waterways, and levelled by c.-ceavation tlirough liigh ground, thus reducing the number of locks or new levels to a minimum. 9. One set of macluuery will form current in two or more distinct levels or courses. 10. Tlie current being constant, prevents any delays or stoppages of ice, and if the canal be of new formation, its bed will always be kept clear. 11. The sj)eed of present canal traflic may with ease be doubled or trebled, and the cost of carriage immeasurably reduced. 12. It may in many cases be with advantage used for conveyance of passengers usefully, or as means of amusement or recreation. We understand a company is being formed to work the patent. New Lauel, Mr. Chandler, of the Devon Rosery, Torquay, sends us a sample of his newly-devised label, of which — as we think it likely to be useful — we have had an illustration made (fig. 57). It is made of thin copper, with a tag at the end for attaching it to the plant. It may be written upon with an ordinary pencil or pointed style, which indents the surface of the copper, the inscription being thus practically indelible. Obviously it must not be attached to galvanised {i.e., zinc) wire, or the galvanic action would be injurious both to plant and metal. FLORISTS' Flowers. PELARGONIUMS (GREENHOUSE). Now that the days have lengthened so much, the plants begin to look healthier, and by rights they ought to have been repotted before November last into the pots in which they are to flower. If this has nut been done it should be seen to at once. They do not require a very large shift at one time, and specimens large enough for any purpose may be flowered in G-inch and 7#iuch pots ; indeed, large exhibition specimens, forming a mass of bloom no less than -1 feet in circumference, have been grown in 8-inch pots. All plants intended to flower early — say in May — should be established in their flower- ing pots before the winter, and will now be showing their bloom-buds in the centre of the growing stems. After this period frequent applications of weak liquid-manure water is good for producing well coloured foliage and richly tinted flowers. It is necessary to place sticks to the flower-stems of most of the large-flowered varieties, in order that a regu- larly arranged head of bloom may be produced. The decorative, or Covent Garden Market type, produce larger trusses of flowers, and in greater abundance, than the old-fashioned florists' type, and many of them do not require sticks. 'I'he small-flowered, or fancy varieties, are also very pretty, and produce a mass of bloom, but they require no sticks to support them. The plants must be kept perfectly clean, well exposed to the light, and in an airy position. They do not suff'er much from insect peats, except greenfly, but that can easily be destroyed by tobacco smoke. J. Douglas. Foreign Correspondence. Violet Cdltuee. — Among the varieties of sweet double Violets, mentioned by your correspondent J. Heath, in his interesting articles on " Violet Culture," I find that while he refers to the Count Brazza, white, he makes no a'lusion to the beautiful blue or deep purple sort which is cultiv.tted in Italy under the same designation. A few years ago there appeared in the Gardeners' 308 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE, [March ft, 1889. Chronicle a figure of this blue or purple variety under the name of De Brazza, flowers of which had been sent to the Editor by the late Marchese Corsi Salviati of this City. I now enclose a few flowers of this Violet gathered from plants presented to me a few years ago, which came direct from the gardens at Saleschiano, the seat of Count Brazza di Savorg- nan, near Udine. Unfortunately it is so late in the season that the Eudine specimens do but scant justice to this beautiful variety, since the flowers which I have been gathering, during the whole winter from these plants, from the month of October, have, as a general rule, been more than double the size of those sent; but they will probably be sufficient to show whether your correspondent has referred to this variety under some other nomenclature. If so, I should very much like to know what, as this variety is, at any rate here, very rare and difficult to cultivate to perfection. I should, if he would care to have them, be glad to forward a few sorts to your correspondent, to see what he would say about them, and their method of culture. It is reported that at Udine the special perfection to which these Violets attain is in some measure due to the use of artificial manures. As to the employ- ment of these your correspondent says nothing, and I have not as yet tried their application. Could your correspondent or any of your readers supply any hints on this subject ? With the present growing taste for Violet culture, they would doubtless be very acceptable to a large circle of cultivators. T. C. H. THE SHIRLEY POPPY ITS HISTORY. In the summer of (I think) 1879 or 1880 I noticed in a wilderness corner of my garden, among a patch of field Poppies, one bloom with a narrow white edge. I marked it with a bit of wool, and saved the seed-capsule. The seed was sown the next year, and I obtained varieties with deeper white edges, and some of a paler scarlet colour. Of these I marked and kept the best. The next year the flowers got still paler colours and wider white edges. In 1883 I began to see that the presence of black, either at the base of the petals or in the stamens, was a great disfigurement ; I therefore pulled up and destroyed every plant having black in it and in order to get the black out of the strain I used to get up a few minutes before the bees were about (4 a.m.); and have continued this work of selecting the most beautiful flowers for seed, and have ruthlessly de- stroyed all plants which showed even a symptom of black, however lovely they might otherwise be. This absence of black blood it is which gives ray strain of the Poppies their wonderfully light, bright, tissue- paper-like appearance, and constitutes the whole and sole merit of the strain. I now get very few rogues, but still every year one or two will run back to the old black blood, and nothing but patient perse- verance in destroying them will keep the strain pure. The colours go from absolute white with yellowish stamens through pink of all shades, to glowing scarlet — but a scarlet without black. Some are red with white edges, others white with red edges ; and a few come veined and streaked from the centre towards the edges, I am now trying to increase the proportion of those veined and flaked varieties, but my great ambition is aome day to get a yellow Papaver Rha;as. A pure white P. Khreaa was found last year wild in a cornfield near Lowestoft. I have tried hybridising with yellow nudicaule, but hitherto with, I think, no success. I say, I think, because I obtained last year some distinct salmon-coloured ones, and this may be due to yellow nudicaule influence, but I think it is not. I saved all the seed I could of these salmon shades, and this year I hope to have the colour still more decided. Culture. — Sow early in September to stand through the winter, to give early blooms ; and in early February, for main crop. Sow very thinly on well manured soil. I sow in a square bed broadcast. When the seedlings are up I push a Dutch hoe through the bed, leaving a row or line of seedlings standing every 5 inches, destroying all the rest as weeds. The lines are then thinned out in a few days, leaving the plants 4 inches apart in the lines. The bed must be watered in hot weather, and liquid manure improves them, as it does everything else if not used too strong. In gathering for house decoration it is most important to take a jug of water out to the bed, and as each flower is cut at once to drop it into the water, else, if the white viscid juice is allowed to become dry at the cut end the flowers are sure to fade. They should, too, be gathered, early in the morning, and only the newly opened or opening ones plucked. Treated thus they last in water two or three days well. N.B. Every plant that gives a single black-blooded flower should be destroyed. W. Wilks. [For the block illustrating this article we are indebted to Messrs. Hurst & Son. Ed.] Trade ICES. THE NURSERY AND SEED TRADE xVSSO- CIATION (LIMITED), 25, OLD JEWRY, E.C. The report for the past year contains sevpral matters of great interest to commercial horticul- turists, and some of which we extract. The Asso- ciation is not so well supported as its utility warrants. The President is Mr. Sherwood (Hurst & Son), the Treasurer, Mr. C. Hooper ; the Trustees, Mr. Harry J. Veitch. Mr. T. A. Dickson; Covent Garden Market, W.C. ; Mr. J. Hayes ; (Messsrs. J. & J. Hayes), Edmonton. Solicitor, Mr. Charles Butcher, 25, Old Jewry, E.C. Secretary, Mr. F. C. Goodchild. Long Firms. — The year has been remarkable for the numerous attempts on the part of persons (pre- tending to belong to the trade) to obtain goods fraudulently from members of the trade. In some in- stances they have been successful, and it has sub- sequently been discovered that the goods so obtained have been sold either by public auction or privately on the first opportunity. The course usually adopted is to write or tele- graph, requesting the immediate dispatch of the goods ordered, and intimating that a cheque has been posted. Occasionally, a more deliberate course is pur- sued, and a small order, accompanied by cash, is followed by a larger order, for which credit is desired, and too frequently given. The amounts of the orders vary from a few pounds to a few hundred pounds, and in one case it amounted to over a thousand pounds. Your committee would strongly recommend members in such cases to communicate with the Secretary the names of all such persons before, executing the orders, as a safeguard against bad debts. The Secretary, through the information given by members, and otherwise obtained, has enabled members to avoid dealings with such persons. Payment on Account. — As much loss is sometimes occasioned to members by their using cheques sent by customers for amounts less than those due, your committee wish to call their attention to the subject. If a customer sends in payment of an account a cheque (or other negotiable instrument) for an amount less than the account applied for, and states that it is sent in settlement of the account (or words to that effect) and if it be not the intention of the member to accept such cheque, &c., in settlement, he must at once return it, otherwise he cannot re- cover the balance of the account. It is not suffi- cient for him to acknowledge it on account of the amount due, as by so doing, and by using the cheque &c., the customer is released in respect of the balance. Members, therefore, must either accept it in full discharge or return it. Bating. — The question as to the assessment of nurseries to the poor's-rate has again received the attention of the committee. The opinion of an eminent counsel has been taken on the subject, and the following were the questions submitted to him, and his answers thereto : — Q. Should the assessment be made on the amount of the rent reserved by the lease, as representing the " annual value?" A. No ; the annual rent is only evidence in the case as to the proper "annual value," which is that named in the 6 & 7 William IV,, cap. 96, sec. 1, and no other. Q. Does the lessor's right (under the Agricul- tural Holdings Acts, 1865 and 1SS3) of purchase, in priority to others, of greenhouses erected by the lessee, affect the question as to the annual value ? A. No. Q. Should the " annual value " be taken as appli- cable to the lessee only ; if so, by what means should the " annual value " be ascertained ? A. The proper test is, what would be the rent which the hypothetical tenant mentioned in the Act of William IV., would give for tlie premises such as they are and used as they are. The deductions to be made are also named in the Act. Q, Are greenhouses to be considered as imple- ments of trade, or as trade fixtures ? A. In my opinion they are clearly trade fixtures (See Penton v. Robart, Woodfalls' Landlord and Tenant, chap. 16 ; sec. 8 ; and refer also to 14 and 16, Vic. cap. 25; sec. 3). Q. What is the proper amount at which the assessment should hf- made? A. The question of amount is a pure question of fact, and must be fixed in accordance with the Act of William IV. It is quite clear that chattels and trade fixtures cannot be rated as such (see 3 and 4 Vic, c. 89. and Chidley v. West Ham Local Board;, but it is quif ■^ another question whether they should not be taken int > nccount as enhancing the value of the premises or tenements. In my opinion the greenhouses must be taken into account for the pur- pose of arriving at the ratpable value of these nursery gardens, and taken into account as enhancing the value of the heriditaments in question. And the question will be (subject to the statutory deductions to be made), what might the premises with these greenhouses upon them be reasonably expected to let at from year to year, free of all usual tenants' rates and taxes. This point is completely concluded by authority (see Tyne Boiler Works v, Tyneraouth Union ; Laing v. Bishopwearmonth Local Board ; Regina v. Lee ; Rpgina v. Quest ; Regina v. Haslam and Regina v. \^A\s). The fact that the land is partially consumed in the process of gardening, and selling, makes no diffV^rence (see Regina v. West- brook). And the fact that such consumption has to be replaced is important only as bearing on the question of deductions. As the £50 (the rent of the nursery in question is paid for the grounds, without the greenhouses, it is obyiously not the rateable value. Local Bates. — With regard, however, to the local rates, the matter stands on a diff'erent basis. By the Public Health Act, 1875, "the occupier of any land used as market gardens or nursery grounds, shall be assessed in respect of the same in the proportion of one-fourth part only of the nett annual value thereof." It has been decided by the Court of Appeal, that land with greenhouses upon it used for the purpose of growing fruit, vegetables, &c,, for the market, constitutes a market garden or nursery {;round within the meaning of the Act. Notwithstanding this decision, however, it is still the practice of several local authorities to assess nurserymen on the full net annual value. Vour committee recommend the members who are thus assessed to communicati? with the Secretary, in order that steps may be taken to reduce the assessments. To illustrate the matter, assuming the assessment of the poor to be £50, and the local rate Qd. in the pound, the nursery grounds should be assessed at one-fointh of the assessment to the poor (£50),ZT„ £12 10.>:., and the rate levied at 6d. in the pound on that amount. Home Correspondence. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTI- TUTION.— This is tlie Jubilee Year of the Institu- tion, and the noble way in which the Coramittee of the Institution propose to celebrate the event is, I think, deserving of all praise, and more than that, of the practical aid also of every gardener in the king- dom. If my brethren of the spade will but carefully read the advertisement at p. 259 of your last issue, in which it is stated that if but £3000 can be raised by June 13 next, liie whole of the unsuccessful can- didates at the last election (seventeen in number) will be placed on the Pension list at once. I am quite 8ure that we shall — poor as we are as a class — resolve that the money shall be forthcoming. The first subscription list shows such a maf;niflcpnt result that every gardener should look upon it Maech 0, ISSO.l THE GABDENEliS' GtinONICLE. 309 ns n duty he owes to himself, subscribe little or much, rtccording: to his means. The Secretary has a Impjiy knack ill obtaining these big amounts, ami 1 know nothing is more encouraging to him in his efforts in this direction than the assurance of the practical help and sympathy of gardeners. I know many gardeners, good men and true, who hold aloof from this Institution on the ground that sometimes candidates who have never subscribed a penny to its funds get a pension before others who have subscribed, and with this objection I have a good deal of sympathy. If every one of us had some of the real sympathy which is borne out in piactice the notmal juices only need a slight chemical change in order to turn them into yellow, red, br blue. " The colour&d Substances in the petals are in many instances exactly the s.-tme as those, in the foliage from which the chlorophyll has disappeared, so that the petals are often exactly like leaves which have turned yellow and red in autumn, or tlie very yellow or red leaves of early spring." Thus we see that all coloured ])etals are due to oxidisation or othiM- chemical change in the usual and normal consti- tuents of ordinary green leaves. It thus becomes evident that this subject is one of great and practical interest to the florist and the gardener, since we may times " larger and heavier," which is of course quite a different thing, for no one would argue that sine and weight were always to be taken as evidence of a plant's being either robust or hardy, a young Oak sapling, for example, being quite as robust as its older parent of far greater size and weight. " A. t).'* thinks the colour of Potato tubers as compared with the colour of their leaves and flowers is capricious and chimerical (j). 277), I maintain that there is no caprice, no chance, no accident, and no " exception," in plant-colour or in Nature gener- ally. Of course, tliis and many other questions con- cerning plant-life are wholly, or in jtart, " myste- Jr'lG. qS. — SHIRLEY FOPIIHt-: UHITE TO (jLOWING SCARLET. (sEE P. 308.) remedy for this apparent injustice would be in our own hands, because by our subscriptions we could outvote the richer subscribers, who, though not gardeners, are entitled by their subscriptions to nominate for election bond fide gardeners, whether they have been subscribers or not. If we look at it fairly, this is only just and right, and those who think otherwise {as I myself once did) now know what is the remedy, namely, to subscribe in grpater numbers, and vote accordingly. W. Wildsnnth. PLANT COLOUR.— Mr. Sorby, who has chemically studied the question of plant colour, tells us that the various pigments of bright petals are already con- tained in the ordinary tissues of the plant, whose hope that at no distant date the chemists may further help us on to a more enlightened state than "chance" or "accident" in the development of floral colouring. Now it is conclusively known that all plants have the elements of all colours in their composition, we are not without hope that the blue Rose, Chrysanthemum. Dahlia, and Paeony, may ultimately be facts, in our gardens. It is simply a question of time, and I think even "A. D." will admit that plant colour is an important practical question and one in which all gardeners are deeply concerned. "A. D," persists in misquoting me. I never said or wrote that green Cabbages were more *' robust " than red-leaved ones. What I wrote at p. 244 was that the green Cow Cabbage was some- ries," as " A. H." says at p. 277 ; but we must never forget that " Order is Heaven's first law," and plant- colour is in strict accord with physical and chemical laws, even although at the present moment these laws may seem capricious and unintelligible, more or less, to us all. "A. H." (p. 277) says that " cultiva- tion rather tends to fix colours," and I should like to point out that it can fix them on the one hand by isolation and self-fertilisation, or it can vary them on the other hand by cross-fertilisation. Cross- fertilisation occasionally gives strength and variety, but if once a particular variety, such as the white Snapdragon, or a blue Chinese Primula, is obtained, we must not fertilise '.hem with pollen from other coloured varieties if we want them to " come true " % ^ 310 THE GAIiDENERS' CHnOKIGLE. [March 9, 1889. from seeil. I ag.iin saj that, by cultivation and cross-fertilisation in the garden", colour may be transposed to, or driven from, one part of a plant to another, or, what is practically the same thing, chemical changes once confined to the root, or stem, or leaves, may be induced to take place in the floral leaves or petals of the flower. If " A. D.". and "A. H." will carefully examine the evidence I have produced in these pages, they will find that there is nothing erratic or very wide of the mark. Colour chemically varies from green, through yellow and white to pink, red, purple, and blue ; and no flower can be blue until all these grades,^ or stages, are successively passed. Colour "sports," as reversions, of course, varv in the opposite way. F. W. BiirOi'ltje. BEGONIA MANICATA PLANTED OUT.— We have some plants of this species tied to a trellis on a wall in a dark corner of the plant-stove which have been full of flower for several weeks past. They are planted out in a well-drained narrow border com- posed principally of loam. Several of the panicles of bloom have stems 5 feet high, and are so light and graceful in appearance as to seem to be hanging unsupported in the air at first sight. The foli.age of this species of Begonia is very ornamental when the plant is well grown. I know of no other plant which would give such yood results as regards flowers in such a dark uncongenial corner. W. H. Divers. Ketton Hall, Stamford. RUNNER BEANS. — The summer .and autumn of 188G proved one of the worst character for harvest- ing Runner and dwarf French Beans experienced for vears past. The plants did not make a start into growth until the season was somewhat advanced, and v.'hen there were hopes of a crop, frost set in, and destroyed much of the promise of it. So scarce are Runners, excepting, perliaps, the Giant White, which is not in such large demand, that since January 1st prices of Scarlet and Painted Lady Runners have advanced from 50 to 75 per cent., while the well- known dwarf variety, Canadian Wonder, shows a slight advance. Runner Beans, 1-year old, invari- ably show a good growth, but the difliculty lies in keeping the sample fresh and bright, and this is best done by double sacking them, and keeping them in a dry place away from the light. Owing to the late- ness of our springs, some of the market gardeners who grow Runner Beans for picking for market largely sow in pots, and then transplant to the open ground as soon as the weather permits. Time was when it was done much earlier than now-a-days; at present it does not appear to be safe to put Runner Beans out into the open ground until the second week in June. Then a fine warm, growing summer is required to produce a crop sulticient to remunerate the culti- vator. B. D. HAZEL CATKINS.— 1 can corroborate the ob- servations uf W. Earley with regard to the sparsity of Hazel catkins this season. In this district (West Yorkshire) they are only just arriving at maturity, and this in unusually small numbers. A fortnight ago I noticed scores of pistillate flowers on at least a dozen shrubs in hedgerow and woodland, the cat- kins being altogether absent, or, in some instances, about in the same state as one sees them at Christ- mas. We had a severe frost on October 1 last year — a time when the Catkins would be in course of de- velopment. Perhaps this has had something to do with it. S. VIOLAS AT THE TEMPLE SHOW. — I trust the paragraph from Messrs. Dobie & Sons, so kindly furnished by them in reply to my query, found on p. 245, will be brought to the notice of the .appointed judges when the competition takes ])lace. It is now m,ade evident that the object of the competition is first, to popularise Violas as a section of hardy flowers, distinct from the Pansy ; and, second, to exhibit their value as cut flowers. Messrs. llobie & Sons think that the distinctions which are so well understood in the North, with respect to Violas and Pansies, are as fully understood generally ; but here, in the South, where many of the beautiful northern Violas do so indifferently well, we mix Pansies and Violas very considerably. Still farther, for that reason we have here very much less range of variety to select from, so that it looks very much as if the prizes to be competed for at the Temple would go North. I should be very much pleased to be found wrong in the matter. I am afraid that the botanical distinctions referred to are not quite so easily under- stood as may be desired. We have intermixed the bedding Viola with the Pansy so thoroughly, that wonderful nicety is required to tell where one section ends and the other begins. As Messrs. Dobie & Sons will hardly be competitors, they may, perhaps, should the appointed judges get befogged, act as referees, and still farther may put up collections of Violas recognised as such in Scotland, and Pansies so recognised also, and thus help the public to determine what the trade regard as being the one or the other. We had last year a grand season for Violas and Pansies, and some little encou- ragement may thus have been aftbrded to Southern gardeners tired of the eternal bedding stuff to try some of the lovely things found under the designa- tion of bedding Violas and Pansies. I cannot but regret that we have no class for these things in broad pans, showing natural habit and fioriferousnees. A. D. CHOISYA TERNATA. — In the southern parts of Hampshire this plant will flourish in the open air, and is very satisfactory as a wall plant, growing freely. With the aid of a little manure as a mulch- ing to the roots, the leaves assume an intense green colour ; and as a bush in the shrubberies it also does well. ^Vs a covering for the back walls of cool houses the plant is a capital subject, growing with freedom, and flowering in profusion — a fact which is much appreciated in the spring. The shoots may easily be kept close to the wall l)y tying them to wires fixed to the wall, or by nailing, and in this way the foliage forms a dense covering. Cuttings of the half-ripened shoots taken in the spring strike readily under a hand-light on a mild bottom-heat, and quickly grow into bushy little plants. As the foliage of Choisya is liable to be disfigured by red- spider in the summer mouths, the foliage should be liberally syringed, and the roots kept uniformly moist. M, GINKGO ADIANTIFOLIA (p. 261).— It would add to the interest of the notice of this tree if the writer could say whether there are in England both the male and female trees, and if so, where ? I understand that we have only the male tree. Any notices also of the recent flowering of the tree in England would be interesting. I have never seen the flower nor heard of any tree in flower. The only notices of flowering that I can find are that Miller states that the male tree flowered at Kew in 1795, and in Watsons Dcudrolugia thei'e is a plate (168) of one in flower, of which the " flovation " is said to be "8th May, 1824, against a wall at Kew, ".and "place" "Mrs. Simpson s. Parser's Cross, Walham Green." Henri/ N. FJhcomhc, Bilfon J'icarcti/e. Among the beautiful trees to be found at Brocklesby Park, the seat of the Earl of Yarborough, Lincolnshire, is a splendid specimen of the Maidenhair Tree, whose dimensions almost equal those of the Kew tree given in the Gar- deners' chronicle, p. 264. S. Scott. [Perhaps Mr. Tillyard would kindly furnish particulars, Ed.] STOCKS FOR THE PEACH. — I find the incon- venience caused by budding on weak growing stocks may sometimes be remedied to a certain extent by slitting the bark the whole length of the stock in three or four places equidistant on the circumference, and in doing so to allow the point of the knife to penetrate as far as the hard wood. I do not say this would be of any benefit when the trees have got into as bad a state as the one figured on p. 213. I slit the bark as soon as undue swelling appears about the pointof union; the cut bark opens gradually, but fills up again with new growth in a short time, thus giving more freedom for the motions of the sap. 1 should not hesitate to repeat the operation after a few years if it appeared to be advisable to do so, but the cuts would be made in fresh places, There would seem to be much to be learnt about the various stocks employed by nurserymen for the Peach, Nec- tarine, and other fruits. Unfortunately, those who see the most of the results of unsuitable wildlings as stocks seldom have the opportunity of ascertaining the kind of Plum on which the variety is worked. W. H. Divers. IRIS PERSICA.— It is exactly two ye.Trs over the century since the Persian Iris was figured in the Botanical Magazine, whore it has the place of honour —tab. 1. The colour of the flower, the spots and blotches, are the same now as then, and although it has been largely cultiv.ated ever since, it shows no signs of breaking away. However that may be, its great beauty, earliness, and sweet fragrance, mark it as a plant to be grown even more largely than it is at present. It is perfectly amen- able to warm treatment and a month at least may be gained in time of flowering by potting early. We are told that it may be grown in glasses like a Hyacinth, and if so, it would be certainly worth a trial on account of its fragrance alone. Parkinson tells us that in his time (1629) it was a rare bud, and seldom flowered. A native of Persia, flower- ing in the open now. D. DOUBLE CINERARIAS.— The double flowered Cineraria can be grown just the same as the single, the same treatment holding good. 1 find the double ones more useful for cutting, as the flowers last much longer in water and are also very useful for button- holes. Mine were raised from a packet of seed, and I .am not disappointed with them. Although the double varieties are useful they are not lil^ely to take the place of the single ones. G. Howes, Merlon. [Some very fine double Cineraria blooms came with this note. Ed.] ©bttttatfi. Colonel A. M. Jones.— We regret to have to announce the suddpn death, from apoplexy, of Colonel JoxE:5, of Clifton, ageJ sixty-three. He was widely known and greatly respected. He held a coiumission in the 75th Foot, and was with that regiment in India, afterwards exchanging into the 27th Foot. For twenty-eight years he was in the Bristol Rifle Corps, but we have to apf ak of Colonel Jones as a horticulturist. He was one of the most enthusiastic Fern cultivators, and his knowledge of the varieties of British species was second to none. For thirty years he was associated with Moore, Padley, Clapham, Lowe, Carbonell, Wollaston, Barnes, Stansfield, Fraser, and Wills, all well-knowQ collectors and raisers of new varieties; but during the last few years death has removed many of these men. WoUaston, Lowe, Barnes, Stanslield, and Fraser alone remain. A few years ago Colonel Jones published a series of excfllent plates, with brief descriptions of varieties of British Ferns, and last September he was joint author with Mr. Lowe in a paper on " Hybrid Ferns," read before the British Association, and published in the Anmiis of Boiany. He established a British Fernery at the Clifton Zoological Gardens that is a credit to the neighbourhood. Here of late years he spent most of his time, taking gi-eat interest in the gardens. He has raised some of our finest British varieties of Ferns, his favourite species being Polystichum angulare. Any one who knows his varieties in the divisilosum section of this Fern will agree that they are as elegant as Todea superba. At the Floral Fife at Bath during the meeting of the British Association last autumn Colonel Jones undertook to construct a rockery and plant it with a magnificent collection of varieties of British Ferns in order to show what had been accomplished by labour and a knowledge of the subject, and perhaps we may never again see such an interesting display. He and Mr. Lowe took all the first and second prizes and some thirty First-class Seedling Certificates. Some years ago a petition was presented to the Director of the Koyal Gardens, Kew, asking that a British Fernery might be established for which specimens were offered. This was signed by Jones, Carbonell, Fox, Lowe, and others. The fernery was formed and a number of Ferns forwarded to Kew, Mr. Carbonell, who took great delight in his plants, promised that at his death, his collection should be given to Kew, and his collection is now in conse- quence at Kew. Colonel Jones was of a liberal disposition, and gave his jdants to all those who took an interest in the subject, and by this means he in- duced a number of persons to study this beautiful class of plants. Before studying Ferns Colonel Jones devoted himself successfully to making a collection of sponges and corals, and many of these are now in the Oxford Museum. Rev. John Wood,— We regret to announce the death of the Kev. John George Wood, ^t,A., F.L.S., the well-known naturalist, who, while on a visit to Maech 9, 1889.] THE GABDENEHS' CHIiONICLE. 3n Coventry, died there on Sunday from an attack of peritonitis. The deceased gentleman, who has done much to popularise the study of natural history, was the son of a surgeon who practised at Oxford, but who was at one time chemical lecturer at the Jlid- dlesex Hospital. He was born in London in 18-7 and was educated first at Ashbourne Grammar ychool, and afterwards at Merton College, Oxford, which he entered iii 1844. After being attached for two years to the Anatomical Museum at Christ Church, Oxford, he w^as ordained in 1852 as chaplain to the Boatmen's Floating Chapel. The Bulb Garden. TRITELEIA UNIFLORA. AiTHOcoii this little bulb is hardy it is also worthy to be grown in pots for the greenhovise, and it is thea, I thinli, prettier than when in the garden. For several years I have grown a small number in pots with very satisfactory results. The flowers come nearly white, with just the faintest tinge of lavender at the tips of the petals. It has a one-flowered scape, but so many spring from a root that the pots are nearly smothered witli them. Plenty of foliage is produced, and as it hangs over the pots together with the flowers the pots are nearly hidden. Its culture is of the simplest kind. In the beginning of August the bulbs are repotted, (i-inch pots being used, the compost being light and porous. The pots are filled with bulbs, and are tlien plunged in coal-ashes in a cool frame, and receive no more attention than that of giving abundance of air to the frame. They begin flowering iu January if the season be mild, and without being in any way forced. If the potting be delayed till late in the autumn the bulbs have a long enough season to get well rooted before flowering, and when grown indoors the bulbs ripen early, and should be baked in the sun — laying the pots on their sides. When brouglit forward in the way mentioned the flowering season lasts for a long time. They are very showy when used as front- row plants in greenhouse or conservatory, but they are not suitable for bouquets, owing to their Garlic- like odour when rubbed or bruised. There is a variety called lilacina, with a deeper tint of blue in the flowers, and which succeeds under exactly the same conditions as the other. We have seen the plant under the name of Leucocoryne alliacea ; the specific name is unfortunate. This Onion-like characteristic is in some respects a drawback, but it is the only one which may reasonably be urged against them, F. Boss. LAW Notes, OUTGOING TENANTS. Un'til a decision was given the other day in the Doncaster County Court, the claim, of an outgoing tenant to the payment guaranteed to him under covenants in accordance with the " custom of the country," or even under the custom without cove- nants, was deemed almost as secure as a draft upon the Bank of England. For generations incomer after incomer, without demur, has paid the quitting tenant the amount of the valuation of emblements, tillages, manure, hay, and other things varying in number in difterent counties ; or if there has been no incoming tenant the sum has been paid by the landlord, who is the person really liable. But in the now notorious Lambcote Grange case the farm was mortgaged beyond its value, and the mortgagees foreclosed and seized the land and everything upon it, except the moveable property and live stock of the tenant. They sold his growing crops and kept the money, and refused to allow him a penny for his manure or his hay. Then they advertised the farm for sale, with full Yorkshire tenant-right. Mr. Fawcett, the tenant, made a claim under the Agri- cultural Holdings Act for certain improvements, as well as for the sum due to him under the custom of the county, and the amount due to him was decided by arbitration in the usual way. But the mortgagees refused to pay the amount awarded by the umpire, £1018. The case was taken to the Doncaster County Court, and.Iudge Bristowe decided that ^Ir. Fawcett had no legal claim against the mortgagees. Under the law as it stands the mortgagees, if they have a right to take possession of a farm, can seize the property on whidi the tenant-right is due and refuse to pay a penny for it. AgrkiiUitral Ga::Htc. Monro v. Knowles. This action, which was heard at the Westminster County Court, before liis Honour Judge Bayley, on March 6 last, was brought by Mr. George Monro, commission salesman, of Covent Garden Market, against the defendant, a grower, of Broad- water, Worthing, to recover an amount — the balance due for baskets sent by the plaintiff to the defendant, and not returned. Mr. Charles E. Jones, instructed by Messrs. John C. Button & Co., appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr. W. F. Burrell, of Worthing, for the defendant. From the statement of the plaintiffs counsel it appeared tliat it was the custom of salesmen, upon request, to supply growers and senders with baskets, boxes, and other utensils for the purpose of conveying produce to the market for sale. The plaintiff, in this case, at the request of the defendant, had at different times forwarded to him a large number of baskets, &c.. each consignment being accompanied by an invoice, at the foot of which appeared " please note that these empties are booked to you at above prices, and will be allowed for when returned." The price charged is of nominal amount, and does not in any way represent the value of the baskets. The parties had dealt with each other since 1883 until the month of October 1888, when the defendant discontinued to send goods to the plaintiff, who thereupon wrote for the return of his baskets. At that time there was standing to the defendant's credit an amount in respect of goods sold by the palintiff for the defendant, and after taking credit for the value of the baskets belonging to the plaintiff and not returned by the defendant, a small balance was due to the defendant, for which the plaintiff forwarded his cheque. This the de- fendant returned, demanding payment of his amount in full, statingthat the plaintiff wasnotentitled to stop the value of the baskets. The plaintiff, acting under his solicitor's advice, paid the defendant's account, and instituted these proceedings. Mr. Jones re- marked that the plaintiffs object in bringing this action was to establish conclusively the right to the return of the baskets (by the Judge: " Or be paid for them.''). The plaintiff' was called, and bore out the opening statements of Counsel, and in the course of his evidence he stated that he was called upon to lay out about £1000 per annum to provide and replenish his baskets for the purposes of his business, and that it would be utterly impossible for any salesmen to carry on his business unless the baskets consigned to senders or growers were either returned or paid for. Evidence was also given to prove the custom of the trade, and by a Brighton salesman in reference to the receipt of baskets from the defendant bearing the name of the plaintiff. After hearing the evidence for the defence His Honour, without hesitation, held the plaintiff was entitled to recover, and gave judgment accordingly. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 4, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather has been fairer than of late at our extreme northern and western stations, but in most other parts of the kingdom the sky has been gene- rally cloudy or overcast, and slight falls of snow or sleet have been very prevalent. In some parts of Scotland and over our south-western districts, how- ever, the falls of snow towards the end of the period were heav}'. *' The temperature has been much below the mean in all districts. The average readings for this period have been considerably lower over the kingdom as a whole than any recorded during the present winter. The deficit has ranged from 9° in ' Scotland, N.,' and the 'Channel Islands,' and 7^ in Ireland and the greater part of Scotland to as much as 0° or 1U° over Kngland. The highest of the maxima were registered during the eai-jy part of tl>o period, and ranged from 41' over the north of England and the west of Scotland to 44° in 'Ireland, X.,' and 50° in ' Ireland, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands.' Un most days the maxima were far below 40°. The abso- lute minima, which occurred generally either on March 'i or 4, were as lov," as H° in ' Scotland, 10.' (at liraemar), 11° in ' England, N.E.' (at Durham), and batween 14° and 21° in most other districts. In • England, S.W.' the lowest reading was '25°, and in the ' Channel Islands ' \jl'. " The rainfall has slightly exceedi-J the mean in ' England, N.E.,' but has been less elsewhere, espe- cially over eastern, central, and north-western England. " Uriijht sunshine has been rather more prevalent than it was last week in most districts, the per- centage of the possible amount of duration having ranged from 11 to 45 in Scotland, from 22 to 33 in Ireland, and from 14 to 30 over England. In the ' Channel Islands ' the percentage was 44." [flv tlie term " uccumuluted temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as wi-ll as the dnra- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below ■12° Fahr. for tlie period named ; and this combined result is explained iu Day-degrees—a "Day-degree" signifiying l" continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperatuke. Rainfall, Bright Sun. u £?.' ACOUMULATKD a » 1 f? T'3 .s n s H m S-^ (D s s . T-s '3 " S-^ s S t2 >■ 1 ^ . 1 1 s * i|i •=.3-: IF i-S 1 i a 1 3 ff as |-i jl Day- Deg- Day- Dav- loths deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. "'■ U 67 — 15 -t- 58 2 — 43 10.1 45 17 2 7 — 0 77 - 19 4- 40 2 — 38 3.5 26 24 3 8 - 0 74 - 39 4- 52 I 4- 34 2.0 20 21 4 10 — 0 79 — 68 4- 136 3 — 34 2.6 30 : 20 6 9 — 0 73 - 68 4- 105 4- 30 2.8 20 ] 18 » 10 - 0 67 - 74 4- 106 3 - 1 32 3.3 14 ; 17 7 7 - ■0 67 - 13 4- 21 7 - j 38 7.8 11 21 8 9- 0 68 — 40 4- 30 6 - ! 33 4.0 23 21 9 10 — 0 69 — 72 4- 86 1 - 1 .32 6.2 21 1 23 10 i - 0 52 — 16 4- 8 5 — 45 6.4 22 18 11 7 2 38 - 23 i- 11 4 — 41 7.1 33 24 12 "■ 1 1 26 -26- 7 2 — 41 4.7 44 1 28 The districts indicated by number in tlie first column are the following : — Principal Wlieat-prodiicing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. j 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 6, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Prinoipal Gra:ing, fjc. Districts — T, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. lARKETS. COVENT GARDEN, March 7. [We cannot accept anyeditorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, ■which, however, are furnished to ua regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must bo remembered that these quotationa represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the qualityof the samples, the supply in the market, and they tluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken a.-j iudicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken aa guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Market quiet, with prices practically unaltered, Jame^ Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Pbioeb. s. d. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0-40 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Cobs, 1001b. ...100 0-110 0 Qrapea, per lb. ... 16-4 6 s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ...13 0-21 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb, 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Strawberries, per lb.l2 0-14 0 3T2 THE GAnDENEtiS' C^POl^iCLE. [^iABCH !^, 1889. Veoetables.— Average Retail Prices. s. d. s. d. Asparagus, Euglish, per 100 12 0- ... — French, bundlelS 0- ... Beans, Jersey and French, per' lb. ... 3 &- 3. d, 9. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 ."i- ... Parsley, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Peas, t"rench, per lb. 1 0- ... Beet, red, per dozen 1 0- 2 0 I Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- ."> 0 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... ' — kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 0 3- ... i — new French, lb. 0 (5- ... Cauliflowers, eaeh Celery, per bundle .. Cucumbers, each .„ Endive, per dozen .. Green Mint, bunch,., Herbs, per bunch ,,, Leeka, per bunch ,,, Lettuce, per dozen 1 e- 2 0 Rhubarb, bundle 1 0- . 3 0- . 1 0- . 0 6- . 0 4- . 1 6- , Seakale, punnet ! Shallots, per lb. Spinach, per bushel,. 1 Tomatos, per lb, f Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- 0 (j- , 2 B- . 0 6- , 5 0- , 2 0- . Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- PoTATOS. — Beauty of Hebron, 80s, ; Imperators, 70s, ; Mtij num Bonums, 80s. ; and Dunbar Regents, IlOs. per ton. Plants iw Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldi, doz, 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozeu 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Draceena terminalia, per dozen 30 — Tiridis, per doz. 12 Erica, various, doz.l2 Kuonymus, in var,, per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Ferns, in var., doz, 4 Cut Flowers,—, s. Abutillons, 12 bun.... 3 Anemone, Fr,,12bun. 2 ArumLilie9,12blooms 3 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, white, 12 blooms 2 — red, 12 blooms.,. 0 Carnations, 12 blms. 2 Chrysanthemums, dozen bunches ... 2 Datfodila.dbl. 12bun. 4 — single, 12 bun.... (j — French, 12 bun. 2 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias, 12 blooms 15 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths, Roman, 12 sprays 1 Lilac, white Fr.,buu. 4 — lilac-coloured, p, buncti 3 Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. 0 d. s. d. 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 s.d.s.d. Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Ficus elastica, each , 16-70 Genista, dozen .., 9 0-18 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 Lily-of-Val.,doz. pts.l2 0-24 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanums, dozen ... 6 0-12 0 Tulips, dozen pots ,,,6 0-9 0 ■Average Wholesale Prices. d. s. d. s. d. s. rf. 0-6 0 Marguerites, 12 bun, 3 0-60 0-6 0 Mignonette, 12 bun, 2 0-40 0-6 0 Narcis., paper-white, 6-10 (French), 12 bun,.. 2 0-60 9-10 — double. 12 bun... 16-30 Pelargoniums, 12 upr. 10-16 0-4 0 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 6-09 9- 2 0 Primroses, 12 bun.... 10-16 0-3 0 Primulas, dbl.. 12 sp. 10-16 Roses, Tea, per doz, 2 0-60 0-4 0 — coloured, dozen, 2 0-40 0-9 0 — red,perdozen ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 — Safrano, dozen... 2 0-40 6-4 0 Satrano (Fr.), doz. ... 10-30 0-6 0 Snowdrops, 12 bun... 10-30 0-30 0 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 2 0- 4 0 6-10 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 8-10 Violets, 12 bunches... 10-16 0-16 — dark, Fr.. bunch 10-20 0-6 0 — Parme. Fr.. bun. 2 6-36 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 0-60 0-6 0 — French, 12 bun, 10-20 6- 1 0 SEEDS. London : March 6. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, of 37, Mark Lane, report to-day's market thinly attsnded. Choice Canadian Clover seed, now obtainable on very moderate terms, meets with con- siderable favour, 'Values for Trefoil are firm ; Alsike and white, however, are dull. There is more business doing in both perennial and Italian Rye- grasses. Sainfoin also meets an improved inquir}'. i"or Tares full prices are realised. Scarlet Runners continue in eager request at advancing rates ; the total rise now exceeds Mbs. per bushel. Bird seeds are slow. There is noalteration in Peas or Haricots, For Linseed there is a better feeling. OOBN. Avercu/es. — OIBcial statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending March 2 : — 'Wheat, 2f», 'd. ; Barley, 26s, Id. ; Oats. 16s, Sd. For the corresponding week in 1888 : — Wheat, 30s. '>d. ■ Barley, 258, U. ; Oats, 15s. lOd. FBUII AND VEQETABLES. SpiTAi.riELDs, March G.— Quotations:— Savoys, 25, to is. Gd. per tally ; Greens, 6s. to 10s, do, ; Cauli- Howers, Gd. to Is. 3d. per dozen ; Sprouting Broccoli, 9rf. to is. per sack ; Brussels Sprouts, 9d. to Is. 3d. per half-sieve ; Turnip-tops, Is. 'Jd to 2s. 3d. per sack ; Spinach, Is. 'Jd. to 2s, per bushel ; Parsnips, Gd. to dd. per score ; Beetroots, Gd. to lOd. per dozen; Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet; Radishes, 4d. to M. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. G<1. do. ; Carrots, Is, Gd. to 2s 3d. do, ; Parsley, 7s.to 10s. do. ; Rhubarb, Is. Od. to 2s. per dozen bundles ; Celery, lUs. to 14s. do. ; Horse- radish. Is. to Is. id. per bundle; English Onions, 6s. Gd. to 7s. per cwt. ; .Spanish do., 7.'. to Os. per case ; Bordeaux do., 4s. Gd. to fis. do. ; Dutch do., 3s. to 4s. Gd. per bag; Belgian do., 3s. Gd. to 4s. do. ; Endive, 2s. per doz. ; American Apples, Os, Gd. to 15s. per barrel; English, 3s. Gd-. to 7s. per bushel ; ditto, Is. Gd. to 3s. per half-bushel ; Carrots, 20s. to 26«. per ton ; Mangels, 16s. to ISs. do. Sthatfoeb: March 5. — Supply has been good during the past week, and fair trade was done at the following prices ;— Cabbages, 25. to ,35. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. to Is. OV. per dozen ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to3s, per dozen bunches ; Carrots, household, 20s. to 30s. per ton ; do., cattle feeding, 1.5s. to 20s. do. ; Parsnips, 40s. to 60s., do, ; Mangels, Us. to 17s. do. ; Swedes, 12s, to I65. do. ; Onions, English, 120s, to 140s. per ton; do., Dutch, 3s, Gd. to 4s. Gd. per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 5s. to 5s. Gd. per case; Apples, English, 3s. to js. 0'/. per bushel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Celery, Gd. to Is. per roll ; Cress, 2s. per dozen baskets ; Rhul>arb, Is. '.)d. to 2s. per dozen bunches. POTATOS. BoBOCGH AND Spitalfields : March 5. — Supplies adequate, and demand is not pressing. Scotch Regents, OOs. to 120s. ; English, 65s. to 100s. ; Hebrons, itOs. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonums, 60s. to lOOs. ; Scotch, do., 90s. to 120s. ; other varieties, 60s. to 90s. per ton. Spitalfields: Starch 6.— Quotations : — Cham- pions, 55s. to 60s,; Regents, 75s, to 110s.; Imperators, 75s. to 8O5. ; Hebrons, 30s. to 65s. ; Magnums, 65s. to 90s. ; Scotch do., 90s, to 110s, per ton. Stkatfoed : March 5.— Quotations :— Scotch Re- gents, 80s. to UOs. ; do.. Magnums, 705, to 110s.; English Magnums (light), 60s. to 90s. ; do. (dark), 60s. to 655. ; do., Regents, 60s, to 80s. per ton. Imports. — The imports into London last week consisted of 20 bags from New York. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, old prime, 1265, to 144s. ; do., best second, 85s. to 120s. ; do., inferior, 365. to 70s. ; prime old Hay, IftSs. to 126s, ; best new, 90s. to 105s. ; inferior, 50s. to 70s. ; old straw, 42s, to 48s. ; new, 28s. to 42s per load. Notices to Correspondents. < — Intelligent Readeks, do please Note thai kitrrs relating to Advertisements, or to the supptt/ of the Paper, should he addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such communications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. Adiantdji Fronds Turning Brown and Wither- ing : C. H. E. It may be that the plants stand too near the hot-water pipes or flue, or they have been watered overhead — a dangerous proceeding with these Ferns at any time. No particulars having been given, we can but surmise the cause. Books : W. McUes. In The Imj, by Shirley Hibberd (London ; Groorabridge & Sons, 5, Paternoster Row), you will Hud what you require. FtTrtiKriTs Not Bearing : Irish Correspondent. We suspect the Nuts have never been pruned in. The bushes often produce nuts when two years old, but they require to be pruned basin-shape to get large nuts, and the centres kept open. The bushes in your case may have been growing naturallv, and are crowded with wood which has not ripened. It would be advisable to prune the bushes severely now, so as to form them ; the end bud left on a shoot to be an outer one, so that in time the desired shape will be obtained, Messrs Geo. Bnn- yard & Co., Old Nurseries, Maidstone, supply a photograph of a properly pruned Filbert bush at a small cost. Fundus: J'. W. Dry-rot fungus, Merulius lachry- mans. Insects : J. H. A species of cockroach, very de- structive. Trap them. MrsHROOM-OROWINO IN AN I'nheated Ckllar : 6'. M. If the cellar is large enough to hold several beds- each, say, 12 feet long by 4 feet in width — jirepared materials for one bed may be made into abel, and moi-* Mable-tiung may be introdi>Ce4 in qu.1,ntity sufficient for one or more beds, to be tliere turned over and allowed to lose its rankest heat ; and by 50 doing the temperature of the cellar will be kept up to the desired degree of warmth— 5.')° to 60^. It is generally found to be an easier task to keep a cellar up to that point than an above-ground building. The proper amount of materials necessarv to obtain this degree of warmth will readily" be found by ob- servation. Names of Plants: C. H. 1, Abies pectinata; 2, Cupressus torulosa; 3, Abies Nordmanniana ; 4, A. Pinsapo; 5, Pinus excelsa ; 0, not recognised! — G. Mantin. 1, Oncidium (not recognised); 2, not found ; 3, specimen insufficient and decayed ;' 4, probably Oncidium cornigerum (brown var.). — B. S. 1 and 2, Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 3, Thui- opsis borealis ; 4, Pinus sp. ; 5. Thuia gigantea; 6, Ligustrum sinense.— C. B. 1, Cypripedium barbatum ; 2, Pandanus graminifolius ; 4, Rivina humilis.— /". W. TheGuava (Psidium pomiferum); fruit edible.— fV. Sortey. Odontoglossum Rossi majus, a very fine variety ; JIasdevallia ignea and M. i. grandidora ; Oncidium abortivum ; Lycaste Skinneri, a very large flower ; Adiantum hispidu- lum (the hairy one) and A. setulosum.— .4. J. Correa alba,— T/ws. Findlaij. Arundo conspicua, Gynerinm argenteum differs from Arundo in having dioicious flowers,— i'''. Taylor. An Indigo- fera, which we are unable to name without more ample materials.— IF. F. and S. Narcissus Pseudo- Narcissus var. moscliatus. ScLEHOTiA IN Maple Leaves : &'. Sclcrotium com- planatom of Tode. I am not aware that it has ever been successfully cultivated, or that it has been ascertained what pel feet fungus is developed from it. It has no connection whatever with the Rhy- tisma acerinum, which forms the large pitch- coloured patches on the leaves of Maples. MC. C. Unheated Peach-house : S, .V, Keep the house as cool as possible short of the freezing-point. Do not force the trees by syringing and closing early in the afternoon. Treat it rather, whilst hard frosts are imminent, as you would a Peach-wall case. Give abundant air during the day, except when frosty winds are blowing. In the event of hard frost, cover the roof and ends with Frigi Doino or mats. Thoroughly water the borders, or the bloom and wood-buds may drop. Unheated 'Vineries : S. M. Give all the ventila- tion possible day and night, and when the buds show signs of renewal of growth it will then be time enough to shut up the house. See that the borders are in a sufficiently moist state, or the buds may break weakly. If water be necessary, give the soil a thorough soaking. Works on Grasses : W. E. M. None of the books you mention can be bad now, except by chance at book-sales and at second-hand booksellers. There are now some good modern books which may answer your purpose. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Brown & Wilson, 10, Market Place, Manchester- Farm Seeds. DiCKSONs (Limited), Chester— Farm Seeds, Clark & Co., 85, Bedford Street, North Shields- Seeds. RoDKHT Veitch & SoN, 54, High Street, Exeter- Agricultural Seeds. DicKbONs & Co., I, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh — Farm Seeds. TooiiOOD & FiNLAvsoN, Southampton —Agricultural Seeds. Thomas Kennedy & Co., lOS, High Street, Dumfries, N.B. — Agricultural Seeds. William Watt, Cupar-Fife and I'erth, N.B.— Farm Seeds. 'V'ii.morin-Andrieux & Co., 4, Quai de la Megisserie, Paris— Seed of Trees, Shrubs, and Greenhouse Plants. John Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, London, S.E.— New Chrysanthemums. CoMMl'NICATlnxs RKCEnT.n. — Ch. v.— W. n. H., Cork,— P. N. — Dr. Costerus, Amsterdam. — T. H., — II. J. R., Flo- r.nce.— R. V. S.— A. C— .1. H.— H. II. D'O.- B. D. J.— W. Sill, -Dr. S.— F. W, B.-W. W.-Tho Horticultural College, Swanley.— G. H.— S. B.— E. B.— O. S.— O. B.— .1. W.— A. McK.— Ct. E. W.— E. N,-A. S.-E. W.— W. M. B. — (i. Baker — E. Mawlev.— W. S.— B. A.— F. A.— O. B, 8 .1. R. .T.— T. n.— .T. o. li.-W. W.— .1. S.— H. March 9, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 313 SANKEY & SON'S WORLD # FAMED GARDEN PO Confine themselves " solely " to the manufacture of "GAR- proper materials to be mixed with the clay In order to produce a " Garden Pot " In which all plant life will flourish. This Is acknowledged by the trade ; and the result Is that their " Garden Pots " are used by all successful growers from Aberdeen to Penzance, also In the Channel Isles, Ireland, New Zealand. &c. No Waiting. Millions In Stock. Through the study of half a century, they have ac- quired the secret of the s, Pima us CXEANES' -1. CHEAPEST Press Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. '* A marveUoiis contrast to the ordinary (janlen Pot in .strength. Ijfj;htnes9, brilliant colour, and finish." — Glcnm/n Annvnl. '* The testimonials underrate their excellencv ; they are the lightest (yet strong, porous, and well burnt) pots we have ever seen."— iVorMern Gardener, "Scientific process of manufacture — fireing perfect. Market Pots capital; favour close packing, utmost economy in space under glass.— Crarrfeners" Magazine. " Excellent Garden Pots. Show careful making and burning, with the employment of first-rate materials."- Gfirrfe«ers Chronicle, " We cannot but apeak in the highest terms of them. The Pots have a firm metallic ring, are elegant and light. &c."—Joitrtial of Horticvltvre. " Well deserve their high character. Impregnated with a sufficirnt amount of siiline matter to prevent mossing or becoming dirty." — Gardening World, Trade Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. Messrs. Fisher, Sox. & Sibray. Sheffield, write ;— " We have used your Pots over twenty-five years, and found them everything that could be desired." Messrs. Wood & iNGRiM, Huntingdon, write :— " Your Pots are light and strong ; firstrclass colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a quarter of a century." Messrs. Marshall. Bros. & Co.. Bognor. write :—" They are light and very durable. We save over £50 per annum by using them instead of local garden pots." Messrs. Hahley & Soxs. Dundee write :— ■■ Your Pots make the plants look and sell better. Not only superior to others in colour and shape, but not half their weight, yet strong.' THE NEW INSECTICIDE. LIHLE'S ANTIPEST """-POISONOUS MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself the Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' TJse. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUART, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. THE C Entered at Stationers' Halt. DRESS FABRICS ANY LENGTH CUT. -i ALL PARCELS CARRIAGE PAID J "TAKE THE LEAD. 11 [lirfe Pres3 Opinions. should send at once for our NEW SAMPLE BOOKS, containing PATTERNS* in our NEW Shades, Special Designs, and New Mixtures, of our SERGES, COURT CASHMERES, AMAZON CLOTHS, and a PLEASING variety of FANCY DRESS materials (many of which are ALWAYS in season), from 4^d, to 4/11 and upwards PER YARD ; also of our SPECIALLY manufactured HEALTH Flannels and Shirtings. EVERY LADY C7 \/ C* D V I A r^ V^ reader ia invited to send her name and addresa. together with name of this paper, that & V & rV I t^r\LJ I patterns, &c., may be sent to her at once, and jtwrf-yree, by THE YORKSHIRE manufacturing go., LEEDS. ♦ MOST OF THOSE made of All- Wool are manufactured in LEEDS, such as the so-called Devonshire, Estamene, and other Serges. The "LEEDS" are ai,l Fast colour, and will STAND any rough wear or usage. Indeed we Guarantee the "LEEDS " the best wear-resisting fabrics ever produced. In dealing with TJ9 the purchaser saves the profits of agents, warehouse- men, carriage, and other incidentals, which add considerably to the general cost. M/^ I A r> Y ^''""^'' therefore miss sending for our patterns, and comparing, when she will un- ' ' ^^ L_AM.y I doubtedly find them the cheapest and best obtainable from the seat of manufacture. New Edition, Corrected up to Date. PAXTON^S CALENDAR. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (T"WO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late Sib JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free SJd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 6s. ; fifty, lOs. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W,C. i THE BEST CUCUMBER. SHARPE'S EPICUREAN. 2s. per Sealed Packet. THE MOST PROLIFIC. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST [N QUALITY. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. HAS BEEN GROWN 84 INCHES LENGTH. IN CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. S K E D S, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAREFULLY SELECTED, AND FROM WHICH MAT BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NTmSEBTMEN, WORCESTER. SPECIAL OFFE R.— 10,000 GOOSE- BERRIES, White Smith, Largest and Earliest tor Market Gardeners, good bushes, £4 lOj. per 1000, 10s. per Hid ; sample dozen. 2s. 20,000 Dwarf ROSES, cheaper than ever, fine plants, my selection, 215. per 100 ; sample dozen, 35. Paclting free, for cash with order. JOSHUA GREENACRE, Nurseryman. Seedsman, and Florist, Stone Hills, Norwich. A few Large Healthy lalms. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, LATANIA BORBONICA, CHAJLEEOPS EXCELSA and PHCENIX RECLINATA, 3 to 6 feet high, from 105. per pair. GARDENER, HoUy Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. CARSON'S PAINT PatroniBed by 16,O0lJ of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kiod^ of OTTTDOOB WOBK, CONSEBVATOSIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and OU Ulxtara, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Consenratories, &0. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-freo. LA BELLE BAUVAQB YARD, LUSOATB HILL, &a BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.- Discomt for Cath. 314 THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBONIGLE. [MABcn 9, 1889. SHARPE'S SELECTED INTERMEDIATE CARROT. The best Market Garden Stock in cultivation. SPECIAI. OFFER ON APPLICATION TO CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Farmers and Merchants, SLEAFORD. s UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIEECT FROM SUTTON AND SONS. READING. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. —Now ready; price Is., post-free. Beautifully Illua- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Sutton's Tomatos, and a Photopraph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables. Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment. Reading. ERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE of " FLORAL GEMS," free by Post to all applicants, VERTEGANS AND CO.. Chad Valley Nurseries. Birmingham. ERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the GAitDEN. free by Post on applica- tion to VERTEGANS and CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. ERTEGANS' Illustrated CATALOGUE.— Those who have not received one of our Speciality Catalogues should lose no time in obtaining it. Free by Post. VERTEGANS and CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. ORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the largest, best, most reliable and complete ever isssued on Florists' Flowers. It consists of 112 pagesof clo-^ely-printed matter, ■\vith Prices aud full descri ptions of all the newest and best Pansies, Violas, Phloxes, Pentfltemons. Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks. Delphiniums, Pyrethrum, Potentillas, Auricula=<. Dahlias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias. Petunias.Begonias, Perennials, Stoveand Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c., all of which are made a leading speciality and can consequently be had better than anywhere else. The CATALOGUE itself is a most useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application, JOHN FORBES, Buccleuch Nurseries, Hawick, Scotland. New Tea Rose. SOUVENIR DE S. A. PRINCE. A pure white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami. This ia undoubtedly the finest white Tea Rose that has been offered to the public of late years. It has all the good qualities of Souvenir d'un Ami, in addition to which it is of more robust habit, the foliage being of a dark glossy green. As an exhibition variety. Souvenir de S. A. Prince will super- sede Niphetos. it always being of good shape, and not having the latter's bad tendency of opening quartered and green- centered. Three First-class Certificates. Grafted Plants, ready in .Tune, price 105. ^d. each. GEORGE PRINCE. Rose Grower. Oxford. Fruit Trees. ^A AAA PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard 0\J»,\j\jyj and Dwarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, aU fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. UCHSIA CUTTINGS.— Best ieadkig new sorts, rooted, 12 varieties, 1*. 6d. ; 8s. per 100. Regal and Show, rooted PELARGONIUM CUTTINGS. 2s. do/.., 10,';. 100. forcash.— MANAGER. SandygateRos-i Nurseries. Sheffield. OUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS, varieties "Anemonaeflora " and " Soleil d'Or," Ihe former having a yellow Anemone-flowered flat and frilled centre, with the outer florets or guard-petals exended, and known in English gardens as nudtiflorns plenvs. Plants, eachflrf. ; post-free, 3d. extra. The new plant, or "Quilled form," is bright orange in colour, and the outline that of a Cactus Dahlia, the A. W. Tait type ; and, to prevent confusion in the term "plenus." designated by me as "Soleil d'Or," this I call the Irish plant and Quilled flower. Each, Is, 6rf. ; extra size, 2s. 6rf., post-free. Illustrations of both flowers, as drawn by Gertrude Hartland, can be had for a Btamped envelope ; and lam glad to observe at last that dis- tinctions are for the first time observed byPngliflh florists in their Catalogues; but if you want the true Irish plant, better have it from the introducer. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. OR SALE, a quantity of FIR STUBS, for Ferneries or Rockery Work.— Apply, Mark Oak Cottage. Bookham Common, Great Bookham. Surrey. J. R. PITCHER & W. A. MAHDA, THE UNITED STATES NURSERIES. SHORT KILLS, NEW JERSEY, U. S. AMERICA, Have established a branch of their Nurseries at East Dulwich. London, S.E.. for the convenience of their British aud European patrons, and especially for growing and distributing their wonderful, charming, and unique CHRYSANTHEMUM, **MRS. ALPHETTS HABDY." Plants will be sent out in April at 6s. each, £3 5s. per dozen, post-paid. Special terms to the Trade. Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing all the best American- raised varieties, will be sent on application. Also ORCHIDS, CYPRIPEDIUMS, and HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS. Please'address all communications^to A. J. M A N D A {Agent for Europe of the United States Nurseries), 139, BAKEY ROAD, EAST DULWICH, LONDON, S.E. ARNATION, Souvenir de la Malmaison, splendid strong plants, in 3-inch pots, (V?. per dozen for cash with order, or would EXCHANGE tor ORCHIDS. T. J. HART, Castle Gardens, Parsonstown, King's Co. RIMULA OBCONICA (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, per packet, 6d. and Is. Large Trade packets, 2s. 6d., 5s.. lOi. 6rf.. and 2U. each. Primrose. Old Double Crim son Pompadour : see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct., 1888, Magnificent plants. 155. per dozen, ls.6rf.eacli. See Hartland "s "Year Book " of Rare Seeds for 1889. Post-free. W. BAYLOR HABTLAND, Seedsman and Florist. Cork. HEAP OFFER of PALMS to clear.— Phoenix reclinata, from 4 to 6 feet high, good stuff, price from 10s. to 30s. each ; Areca lutescens. in iS's, £i 10s. and £5 per 100. packing free for cash; Latania borbonica, in thumbs, 165. per 100 ; do., in stores, 65. to 8s. per 100. H. TITE. Nurseryman, Hampton-on-Thames. C AA MADAME CROUSSE IVIES, autumn- *Jyj\/ struclt, out of stores, lOs. perlOO. or £2 tlie lot. 300 KASPALL, out of thumbs, 12s. per 100. 300 QUEEN of the BELGIANS, out of thumbs. Us. per 100. .500 CiCTUS DAHLIA CONSTANCE, strong ground roots. 3s. per dozen, or 20s. per 100. 1000 HUMBOLDTII BOUVARDIA, strong stuff, out of stores, 8s. per 100. Open to an offer for the lot. C. JOHNSON AND CO.,Tangley Park Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. JAPANESE LILIES.— EIGHT LOVELY KINDS. — Carter's Case of 50 fine Bulba, as imported from the .Tapanese Bulb Farms. Price 2bx.. sent packing and carriage free to any Railway Station in England and Wales on recept of Postal (.)rder for 23s. 9rf. Full names of the eight varieties on application to CARTER'S, Royal Seedsmen, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adap'ed for all pot plants. In bags : llli lb.. 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. Sd. • -JS lb.. 6s. 9rf. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb.. 2s. 3d. In tins. Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited). 9. Bull Ring, Birmingham . NATI\^ GUANO: Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden use, NATI\*E GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 c^vt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection ofJieports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, ^^:GETABLES. FRUIT, &c.— C. FiDLER, Beading, used it for Potatos. and says :— " I found your Manure give very satisfactorj- results." C. J. Waite. Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot , says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it Ihave gained over 660 prizes." NATI\'E GUANO, for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley. used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — "I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says: — "With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO.. Limited, 29. New Bridge Street, Blacktriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), iOs. : 4-bushel bairs. 4d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. U. per sack ; 6 sacks, BLACK 'fibrous PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22j. ; sacks, 4d. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 15s, per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bnshel bags, 4rf. each. TELLOW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VTBGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. To Market Gardeners, &c. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by b.'ing watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, post free. Price, free on rail at Sheffit-ld. 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lbs. — Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. SILVER SAND ! ! (Bedf^shire coarse and fine) — best in the market. 20.000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32. Polygon, London. N.W. Ef-fablished nearly 30 years. Telegrams — " Alloquy, London." Trade supplied. WORKS OF AUTHORITY ON BOTANY. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY. With Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, price 9«. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND (ECONOMICAL BOTANY. With numerous Illustra- tions. 8vo, cloth, price 5s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price Is., sewed. SIB JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History, and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Explanation of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25«. BOTANY FOB BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwrll T. Mastebs, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. 6d. London: BEADBURY, AGNEW, & CO., Bouveri© Street, B.C. March 9, 1889.] THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE. 315 GROMPTON & FAWKES, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS. CHELMSFORD. NEW BOOK of Photo-Litho- Rraphed Sketches of Winter Gar- dens, Ran^f^s of Hothousea, Vintr- ies. Architectural Conservatories, &c., of various Designs nnd Sizes, recently constructed, erected, fitted, and heated I'omplete by us in differ- ent parts of the country ; with par- ticulars of the most succeflsful Hot- water Heating Apparatus of the century. Post-free on application. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. All Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. R. HALLIDAY 8c CO., HOTHOtrSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class of work, and that the vert best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the larp^t^t. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with reaily reliable Boilers, erected, andsuccess guaranteed In all cases. Mclou Frames, Sashes, Hofbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON. W.C. _1889. Please send me " Thb Gabdenebs' Chboniclb " for _Months, commencinff_ _,for which 1 enclose P.O.O.. g° Please Note that all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. ,» THE UNITED KINODOM :— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. id. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9(1, ; Post-tree. FOSEIGN SUBSCKIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, I7s. M. tor 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6d Beceipts for less than six months' subscription -will not be sent unless specially asked for. P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DBTTRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be orossed " DRUMMOND." O C, Marob 9, 1889. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE. Certain and Sudden DEATH to Insects on Plants. g CLEANLY IN USE. 2 HARMLESSS TO TENDER FOLfAGE. » E Highly recommended by — ^ (Ij Mr. irxumsON, Or. to Earl of Derby, Kiiowslpy. 3 ^ Mr. liENNKTT ,, Lord Burton. RanRemore. alMr. Flaok ,, Marquis of Cholmondelcy. 2 fllr, AsHTON ,, Lord Howard of Olossop. j^ fMr. MiLNH ,, Lord Delaraere. Vnlo Royal. ■** Mr. Brotiierston ,, Earl of Haddington, Tyninp- S ham, and many others. P a PRICES ;— .g J Gallon. 1 Gallon, 4 Gallons. 3 BS. I 9b. 34:8. g Ask'your Seedsman for it. or we will send sample tins ^ free on receipt ct price. SON, OMFIELD NUESKKY, ALTRINOHAM ; 10 and 12. MARKET hTREET. MANCHESTER. Pints. Is. 6d. W M. Quarts. 2s. 9d. C LI B R AN &, BONES!-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns. Potting, Gratis Lands. Sec. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES and FERTILIZERS for all purposes. For Prices, apply to EAKBISON. BARBER & CO. (Limited), QAKRETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, test brown fibrous ... 5s. per sack, 5 sackafor 22s. 6d. PEAT, beat black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ., 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST J Is. per bush., .3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6rf. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIERE. best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3s. per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S"PERFECT"FER-'\ In Bags. TILIZER (the Best Food for f * ^ all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 14lb. 281b. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruita, Vegetables, &c. ...J 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANT:S, PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &.C. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Hordes and Cattle, £2 per ton . Extra large Sample Bales. 6s. each . Also prepared for Poultry Pens, Rabbits, &c., in Sacks, Is. 6r/. each; 10 Sacks. 12.';. 6'/. ; 'JO Sa^-ks. 2.3s. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. 4rf. each; lOsacks, 12s.6d.; ISsacks, 17s.6d.; 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6rf. each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers. Agriculturists, Market Garden-^TS. and other.'^ ("concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S "PRODUCTIVE" MANURE, in bags, £3j)ertpn (bags included); sample 1 cwt. bag, 4s., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any other manure, no matter what price. CHUBBS " COMPOUND SOOT and^EWAGE " MANURE, in bags. £2 per ton fbiigs includod); sample 1 cwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash icith order . Bankers. Union Bank of London. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Milwall, London, E. _^ GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, best quality. Is. 3d. per sack; 10 sacks, 10s.; 20 for 18s.; 30 for 25s.; sacks included; truck, containing more than two ton, 28s., free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. Gd. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. Qd. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6d. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Mos-s, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; Gs. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. tjd. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf. Pure Leaf Mould. Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3 per sack. Sacks and Bags. id. each. Specialitg Tobacco Paper, lOrf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Finest TobaccoCloth, lOrf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. 6f/.; 56 lb.. 10s. ; 1 Cwt.. 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange, Southwark Street. London. S.E. (mar London Bridge). ENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promoto and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Gjuaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSENakdCO., (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and T-reenhouse uee. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA. PE;AT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hante. 316 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 9, 1889. B E N T L E Y'S I N S E C T I C I D E Is now used and highly recommended by nearly all the leading Gardeners. Bottles, 25., 35. m. ; Half-Gall.. 5s. ; One Gall., 9s. From the Trade, or sent direct by JOSEPH BENTLEY CHEMICAt. WORKS, BARROW-ON-HUMEEK, HULL. BONE FERTILISER. FOR FLOWERS, LAWNS. EASILY USED. VINES, AND VEGETABLES GIVES SPLENDID RESULTS. J lb. Tin, Slrf. By Parcel Post. Is. 2 lb. Tin, Is. id. Do. Is. Wd. 28 lb., OS. ; 56 lb., 10s., Free to Carriers. Order from Florists, or direct from the Makers, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO., BELFAST. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FEKNS. HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, aa above, of firnt-class quality, at lowest prices. Send for Samples, Price List and Teiitimonials. Dep6t for HOKTICULTUKAL SUNDRIES. LOAM, SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Bingwood, Hants. BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular cODtaining the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sjld in Tins. Is., 2s. 6rf., bs. 6d., and 10s. Gd. each, or I cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3j., and 10s. Gd. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. Greatly Reduced in Price. SILVESTER'S PATENT TRENTHAM BOILER Is the BEST, CHEAPEST, and MOST ECONOMICAL BOILER EXTANT for all heating purposea. and is only supplied by the PATENTEE. All other kinds of BOILERS, PIPES. VALVES, HEATING and VENTILATINQ APPA- RATUS manufactured by F. SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFFORDSHIRE. Full Particulars on application. ^ PATIENT '^i proMgatorm Made in superior earthenware, 14 in. long, 6J in. deep,and6in. wide. Inside, 2| inches from the top, is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttings or seeds is placed, the lower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot- water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each ; glass shade for top. Is. 6d. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. Garden Pots I '^"^ ^'^ un?»urpassed by any in the Trade. * I They are well bumf, porous, and of a splen- did colour and ehape. Samples carriage free, Orchid Pottery of every description. Sendfor Price List.— THOS PASOALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, B E THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price 5'9« P®r doz. For Ca.sh with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE. For training Peas instead of sticks. Training plants towalls, &c. In Panels. 6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 feet by 4 feet ... 3''. each. 6 fett by 5 feet ... 4^. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 5s. each. Made any size to order at following prices : — 3 in. 2 in. Ik in. mesh. 3^rf. 4d. 4frf. per foot super. Illustrated Catalogue on Application, J. J. THOMAS & CO., 87, QOEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. C H EAP FRAM ES. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RIIALLIDAY AND GO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are maile of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. \ a^ 3-ligiit frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 caS 6-liglit frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FREE. Larger sizes at proportioiwte prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, P.oyal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c., 2, Holloway Hoad. N. ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, lid. per yard ; 10s. per 100 yards ; '25 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free, 4s. ; 4 yards wide, Sd. per yard, 20s. per lUO. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh, 1 yard wide. 2d. ; 2 yards wide, 3^.; 4 yards wide, 6rf. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees, &c.). PILCHARD NETTING, 12 yards wide, J-inch mesh, 9d. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127. Field Road. Forest Gate. London. E. The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers. : STOVES, and HEATING AI'PAIIATITS. H^NDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL. Tne UNITED ANrHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited), supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles alxjut the size of a man's fist) delivered in truckloads to any Railway Station. This coal is absolutely/ smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of Fuel, burning for 12 hours, at least, without any supervision, and giving from 6 to 10 degrees more heat than Coke. Quotations can be had on application to the Company's Offices. 2;j, Lime Street, London. K.C'. STOCK 1 ill ^1 ^'^^^ Inches. WjI Inches. uxia ■J 20X16 ' 20X16 16X13 ill i8xia 't 1! 22X16 aoxia -M' 34X16 16X14 18x14 lA nT^ 20x18 ■4.^ 22X18 20x14 i ^ 34X18 21-OZ. and IB-OZ. Foreign, of abov.- 8i/cH, in hoxes of 100 feet and 20u feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY," Own Special Manufacture. GEORaS FABMILOE & SONS, Lf.ad, (ii.Ass, oil, nnd Coloiir MEnriiANTs. 34, Bt. John Street, West Smlthfleld. London, E.O. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. BOULTON & PAUL, ^b'SESe^S:"" noewich. No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This Frame is strong and very handy to use. Plants grow very strong and quickly in this form, owing to is ample light and ventilation. The sides of the Frames are 14 inches high. the ridge is 2 feet 3 inches. Lights turn quite over. Glazed with 21-oz. English glass, and painted four times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 5 ,. „ 20 „ by 6 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to Duiilin, Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations Casli Prices, Carriage and Packing FREE. \ £2 17 6 4 7 6 5 17 6 7 7 6 8 17 6 10 7 6 equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. ARCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia Mats and Raffia at lower prices than supplied by any other firm; also all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Can e«, and other Sundries at Whoh^sale Prices to the Trade only. MARENDAZ Aim FISHER, JamesStreet. Covent Garden. W.C. ATS, NETTING, TIFFANY, RAPFIA, Yellow Fibrous LOAM, Brown Fibrous PEAT, CoarAe and Fine SAND, &c. Gardeners, &c., will save 25 per cent, by sending for our LIST (post-free) before ordering elsewhere. BRINKWORTH AND SONS. Rending. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool ; a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS FRIGI DOMb ,«.IGI5TERED ■ "^ TRADE MAP For price list a particulars Addrej RENJAMIN]?DGINGTON KM 2 Duke ST*1lA London B/j/oce HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute tor oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Qardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. 6fj. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, li. %d. per gallon in casks ol 36. 3U, or 10 gallons. yv J -rr rrt T r\ -Kt Every Cask bears the abovs ij A U 11 O JS . Registered Trade Mark. Bowars of cheap imitations. HILL & SMI TH Brierley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, BLO. ; 47. DawBon Street, Dublin. Makch U, 1889.] THE GABDENEB8' CHRONICLE. 317 Qarden Nettings. Hothoase Sliadliigs, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SH.iDINGS. TIFFANY. RtGBY. W.MNWRIGHT iSD CO.. Manufacturers, Neptuue Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDING tor Florists. GLASS. — CHEAP GLASS. 8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 or. 13x10. 18x13, 18x14, 24x14. 14 X 13, 20 X 13, 18 X 16, 34 X 16, 12b. per 100 feet 31 oz. ... 16x13. 16x14, 30x 16. 34 x 1», &o. Putty, 6*. 6d. percwt.; White Lead, genuine, 31s.; Our Speciality, 17J.6if. percw-t. ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone OoUre 20*.; Oxford Ochre. 345.; Green, 16^.; Black, 16s. per i-wt. ; Varnish, from M. ARDENER (Single or Undeh),— Age 33 ; v_J twelve years' Inside and Out in Private Gardens. Total abstainer. Distance no object. Good references. — C. SUTTON, 9a. Beech Road. Sevenoaks. ARDENER (Second or Single-handed). — Age 24 ; nine years' experience. Inside and Out. Good character, — W. VISE, Potters Bar. nearBarnet. Middlesex. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Age 23 ; seven years' experience Inside and Out. Good character,- H. M., Franklin's Cottages, 14, Park End, Bromley, Kent. ARDENER (Second), — Age 22; under- stands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Nine years Inside and Out. Good references, — T. PKGLER, 63. Zennor Road. Rnlham, Surrey, S.W. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Six years' experience Inside and Out. Bothy preferred. Good character.— A. SHRUBB. Pullenh:im, Guild- ford. Surrey. GARDENER (Second), in the Houses, where two or more are Itept. — Age 27, married ; has been in good establi^^hnu'nt-'', and can be highly recommended frompreaent and prcviouH employers.— D. JONES, The Gardens, Tilgate, Crawl. 'v. Siisi^rx. _ GARDENER (Under) ; age 18.— A Gentlk- MAN has to recommend a lad, who hnn been in his service two years as Assistant in the Garden, for the situation of ITnder Gardener.- Mr. PINNEY, Gardener, Little St. Anna, I Englefield Green, Staines. Mabch 9, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 319 GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; six years' experience. Oue year's good character. Bothy pre- ferrea.— -^. B., Staiuej* Koiul. Upper Sunbury. AUDENEK (Under). — Age 18 ; three years' experience. Good character.— E. A., Glebe Faini, Hauworth. .MiclJlesex. G GARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; six years' pnictice. Can be thoroughly recommentied. — HEAD GARDENER. Carlton House. Uirclifield, Birmiugham. GARDENER (Under), where three or more are kept. — Age 20 ; four yeans" good character, strong and williuf;. Abstainer. Bothy preferred.— K., Camberley Nnrseries, Camberley, Surrey. " GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's EatubU.-.limeut. — Age 21 ; live years' good character from last pluoe. Total abstainer. ~F. JANAWAY, Prison Quarters, Winchester, Hants. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; five years' experience m Houses aud Out. Good character. — W. SLADE, The Gardens. Warren House, Kingston Hill, Surrey, ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age 22; six years' experience; two years' good cha- racter from present employer. Bothy preferred. — J. T., 9, Lyndon Road, Belvedere, Kent. GARDENER (U'nder), Inside or Out.— Bothv preferred; five years in present situation. Good character.—' G. C, Rose Cottage, Cross Street, Faruborough, Hauls. f^ ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Esta- vir hlishment. — Age 21; three years' good character from p.e-ent employer. Abstainer. — C. HEAD, London Hill, Harrow-on- 1 he-Hill. Middlesex. G"! ARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside T and Out.— Age 21 ; strong and a-tive. Five years' experience. Good character. — A. C, Woodlands Lodge, Vanbrugh Hill, Blackheath. S.E. ARDENER (Under), or as IMPROVER in Xursery. — Age 23; nine years* experience in good ei'tablishment^, w here Stove and Greenhouse Plants are I ro vu ; \'ines. Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Lawns and l-:0W-T-bed9. &,c.— W. ASHBY, Bugbrooke, Weedon, North- amptonshire. 170REMAN, in the Houses in a good establish- . ment.— Age25; good character.— A. JB., The Gardens, Kcmpshott Park, Basingstoke, Hants. T?UREMAN, Inside.— Age 26 ; twelve years' r experience in Fruit and Plants. Floral Decorations. Good references. Six years' character from last situation. — DAVIES, Handsworth, Sheffield. rrOREMAN ; age 27.— W. P. Roberts, Gar- X: dener, Cuerden Hall, Preston, would be pleased to recommend his late Foreman to any Gardener in want of a man well-up in his work. T70REMAN, in the Houses, where two or r three are kept. — Eleven years' experience, five years in present situation. Good references. — C. BROWK, Syon Gardens, Brentford, Middlesex. OREMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out. — Age 27 ; twelve years" experience. Two and a half years' good character from present place.~J. TUCKER, Caldy Manor Gardens, Birkenhead. FOREMAN, in the Houses ; age 25. — Chas. MacMath, Gardener. Holm View, Lowestoft, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman to any Gardener in want of a thorough good man. FOREMAN ; age 25.— G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to sir Henry Bessemer, Denmark Hill, S.E., can with confidence recommendhis presentForeman, who has been with him two years, to any Gardener requiring a trustworty man. FOREMAN. — Age 27 ; thirteen years' expe- rience in first-class places. Good knowledge of Plants Decorations, &c. Well up in Early and Late Forcing. Can be highly recommended. — Address, with full particulars, A. B. C, 1, Playfair Terrace. St. Andrew, N.B. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23 ; eight years' experience. — Mr. HtTNTLEV, Powis Castle Gardens Welshpool, can recommend Benjamin Wood as above. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in a good situation.— Age 'i2; good character from present and previous places. — R. WEBB, Brixworth Hall Gardens, Northampton^^ Trade. FOREMAN, or responsible GROWER of Choice Cut Blooms in quantity a specialty. Good kno-wled^e of Pot stuff. Fruit. Palms. &c. Three years' reference" from first-class firm.— BROOKS, Rose CotLage, Bexley Heath. Kent. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR, Soft-wooded, and GROWER. Ferns, Bouvardias, Double Primulas, Callas, Eucharis, Tea Roses. Carnations. Poiosettias, Pelargoniums, Ficus, &c.— S. W,. -11. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Assistant), and GROWER. —Well up in Ferns and Palms ; nine years' experience. WM. WRIGHT, Leyland'3 Nursery, Kidleaton Boad, Derby. ORCHID GROWER and GENERAL FORE- MAN. — Age 27 ; three years' at preseut place. — R, LO\'ELUS, The Gardens, Arnot Hill, Notingham. To the Trade. ORCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN.— Single ; nine years' experience in all Glass Departments, especially Orchitis, for the last twelve mouths Iiaving had sole charge of (he Barvins Park Collection. — Apply by letter to R. HARBOROUGH, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. ORCHID GROWER and PROPAGATOR. — Age 32 : sixteen years' experience. Best references oE the largest firms in England, Germany, France, and Belgium. — SCHULT, Belmont Villa. Swanley. Kent. To Nurserymen. GROWER, of Stove and iSoft-wooded Stuff.— Young man requires situation as above. Best references from previous employers in England and France. — R. IVENS, 11, Mead Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex. OURNEYMAN, in a Bothy preferred; or as UNDER GARDENER, where two are kept.— Age 22 ; eight years' expeiienc. Can give six years' good character. — Major JONES, 54, Woodstock Road, Oxford. OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 22 ; seven years' experience ; good character. — A. SMITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Tottou, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19.— T. KEYN0LD3, Stotefieming, Dartmouth, Devon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; nine years' experience. Good hand at Making-up. — S. WOOD, meld Mills, Crawley, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; nine years' experience. — H. V., EnviUeGardcns, Stourbridge. OURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a good establishment. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience. Good character.— H. H., 138, High Street, Putney, S.W. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 22; Good character.— G. WOODHATOH, Hook, Fareham, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 23.— H. Porter, Gardener at Studley Castle, near Redditch, can with contidence recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Willing to Assist Outside if required. Three and a half years' good character. Five years' previous. — W. T. FRl'ERNING, Iiigate- stone, Essex. OURNEYMAN, Inside or Out, if required.— Age 24; good reference. Good experience among Plants and Outside Gardening. — P. B., 13, Tylney Road, Widmore, Bromley, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, Indoors, in a good estab- lishment. — Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. — F. FRANCIES, Stanage Park, Brampton Bryan. Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN; age 21.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend a young man as Journeyman Gar- dener; four years' excellent character from preseut situation. — R. FRASER, Esq., Densworth Cottage, Chichester, Susses, OURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, where there is a Kitchen Garden. — Age 22; good references. Nine years' experience. Bothy preferred. — R. BARFOOT, 1, Lily Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington, W. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out. — Age 20; five years' experience. Over two years in present situation. Inside and Out.— OWEN DAVIES, Tim- berhurst Gardens, Bury, Lancashire. OURNEYMAN.— Age 18; three and a half vears' experience among Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c. Total abstainer.— E. PAESLOW, Barvins Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 21; height 5 feet 5 inches. Can be strongly recommended by present employer. Six years' character. Abstainer. — S. H. COWPER-COLES. Estate Agent. Builth. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; three years Outside, and three years under Glass. Highly recommended. Total abstainer.~W. PHILLIPS, Bicton, Devon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; seven j'ears' experience ; three in present place. Strong and active. Well recommended.— C. LONGMAN, Byam's Gardens, Marchwood, Southampton. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 22; seven and a half years' experience ; four and a half years in last place. Good character.— F. BENGOUGH, Harpton Lodge, Kington. Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, in a good establish- ment.—Age 22; six years' experience.- Mr. Miller, Romley Lodge, Esher, Surrey, is pleased to recommend a really sober, honest, and industrious young man as above. Bothy preferred. To Market Growers. JOURNEYMAN, able to take Charge of one or more Houses.— Age 22; experienced in Pelargoniums, Bouvardias. Carnations, Tomatos, Cucumbers, &c. Must be a first-class establishment. Abstainer.— H. HENDEESON, 1, Staten Gardens, Twickenham. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Can be recommended by J. Evans, Gardener to Lady Louisa Ashburton, Melchet Court, Romsey, Hants. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18; four J- years' guod character.— A. S., The Gardens, Bramblety, East Griubtead. I MROVER.— Age 22 ; strong, active, and -1- anxious to learn the Profession. Good references. — CHARLEa POLLARD, Easton, Stamford. TMPROVER.— Age 19 ; three and a half years' X experience in the Houaea and in the Kitchen Garden.— F. J., Warcombe Park, Shaftesbury, Dorset. IMPROVER, Indoors ; age 18.— G. Ringham, llhickmore Park, can confidently recommend a young man aa ahove. Catholic. Five years' experience. Bothy — A. MURUIS, Blackmore Park, Hanley Castle. TMPROVER.— A youth (age 18), tall and ■X. strong, seeks a situation where he could Improve himself, Inside and Out. Good character,— A. HUMPHREYS, Little Roake, Kenley, Surrey. TMPROVER; age 18.— H. Paerish, Head A Gardener, Framptou Gardens, Dorchester, can recommend a young man as above Indoors. Four years' experience. Bothy preferred. Total abstainer. To Head Gardeners. IMPROVER, Indoors and Out; age 18.— J, Stuart, Gardener, Offingtou, Worthing, Sussex, would be pleased to recommend a Lad as above ; four and a half years' experience. Small Premium offered. Bothy preferred. IMPROVER, in the Houses.- Age 18; two and a half years' good character. ludustrious.'and anxious to learn. Premium offered. Bothy preferred. No Nursery- men need apply.— C. KITCHINGS, The Brondries, Beddington, near Croydon. TMPROVER; age 18.— J. V. Smith, Head JL Gardener to R. E. Egerton Warburton, Esq., Arley Hall, Northwich, wishes to recommend a respectable youth. He has been engaged for twelve months in the nurseries of the Messrs. Clibrau, Altrincham, who will be pleased to answer any inquiries. A Premium given if required. SSISTANT; age 30.— C. Fulcher, Gar- dener to J. Schofield, Esq., Little Heath, Potter's Bar, wishes to recommend a young man to any Gardener wlio may require an active, intelligent Assistant. Bothy preferred. ''PO MARKET NURSERYMEN. — Young JL man seeks situation in Market Nursery ; well up in Soft- wooded Plants, Roses, &c. ; expert in Budding and Grafting. Seven years' practical experience. Good references.- N. B., 5, Station Road, Swanley Junction, Kent. ''PO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young JL man, age 22, wants a situation in the Houses, under a Foreman. Seven years' experience. Good character. — E. B., 1, Kent Terrace, Swanley, Kent. 0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation under Glass; used to General Nursery Work. Age 22, Seven years' experience. — E. H., 6, Princess Terrace, Link- field Road, Isleworth, Middlesex. O MARKET NUI^ERYMEN.- Situation wanted as above (age 19). Used to Soft-wooded Plants. State wages. Three and a half years' reference from present employer. — KNIGHT, Shedfield Cottage, Belmont Street, Southsea. 0 MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young man (age 20), situation in a Market Nursery, Quick at Watering, Potting, and Tying. Four years' expe- rience.—J. KENT, Chithurst, Petersfield. Hants. TO FOREMEN.- Wanted by young man (age 22) a situation under a Foreman in the Hou-ies, or Inside and Out. Two years' good character.— J. TAYLOR, Woodslde, Horley. 0 MARKET NURSERYMEN,— Young Man seeks situation in a Market Mursery. Quick at Potting and Tying. &c. Age 24.— J. BROWN, 32, Cantor Road, Enfield, Middlesex. TO GARDENERS.— Lad, strong and active, age 15, to work in Garden under good Gardener; no objection to paying small Premium of £5. Has worked two years in Garden. Good character. — 1, Eawdsea Terrace, Halifax Road, Enfield. Middlesex. LEARNER.— A Lad (age 18) wants a situa^ tion with Head Gardener, as above. Time given for board and lodging.- W. WOOLDBIDGE, 96. North Street, Sudbury, Suffolk. _^_^, SHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30 ; tho- rough knowledge of Seed, Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East Grinstead, Sussex. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS. — Prostration of strength.— When from known or undiscovered causes the system is weak and the nerves unstrung disease is certain to present itself, unless some purifying or strengthening means be resorted to to arrest the threatened mischief. In such cases no treatment can equal these excellent Pills. No other plan can be pursued so well devised for ejecting all impurities from the blood, without straining or weakening the constitution. Holloway's Pills so fortify the stomach and regulate the liver that they raise the capabilityof digestion, and thus create new power, raise up a barrier against the deteriorating influence of noxious vapours, and throw a great protection against illness arising from exposure to cold and wet. 320 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 0, 1889. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1889. The Winners of every First Prise in all cases of competition, and then are the onhj Mowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Boyal Horticultural Society's Gardetis, South Ken.'inffto?!. i Hoyal Patronised by— HEK MOST GKACIOUS MA.IKSTV THK QITEEN on many Occasions, HIS ROYAI, HIIIHXESS THE I'RINCE OF WALES, THE KINU OF THE BELGIANS. The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, And most ot the Nobility, Clergy, anj Gentry of the United Kingdom Royal Hortlciiltural Society's Show, Soutli Eensinston, London, June 3 to 7, 1881. The '• Jounuil of Horticulture," oj June 9. aaijfi: — ".MOWING MACHINES.— After a critical ex£imination the Silver Medjif was granteil to tlie old lirm of world-wide fame. Me^irs. T. Gbek?j & Son. of Leeds and Ixindon. A^ tin- .Ma( liiiii..j are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished, it is Quite unuei. s-:iry tu f:i\e any der.cription of them." Upwards of 145,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first Introduced in the year 1866, And thousands of unsoliciteii Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. They have tern submiUed to numerous practical tests in PMic Competition, and in all cases have carried off the Highest Prise that has been given. The following are their Advantages over aU others :— l3t Simnlicity ot Construction— every part being easily accessible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out ot order. 4th. They make little or DO noise in working. 5th. They wil '" 1 cut either sliort or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. DOUBLE-HANDED To cut 16 inches, can be worked by one man ^ £^ iq q on even lawn ... J To cut 18 inches, do. man and boy... 7 10 0 To cut 20 inches, do. do. ... 8 0 0 These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. To cut 6 in., cau be -worked by I £i 15 n a Lady ... ) To cut 8 in., do. do. 2 10 0 To cut 10 in., do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 To cut 12 in., do. by a man ,., 4 10 0 To cut 14 in., do. do 6 10 0 LAWN MOWER. *To cut 22 iDches, can be worked by two men £8 10 0 "To cut 24 inches, do. do. ...9 0 0 * If mi\i\e stronger, suitable for Donkey, 303. extra. Of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. , Prices of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Box, or Side Delivery, with Cross-stay complete, suitable for attaching to Ordinary Chai.'^e Traces or Gig Harness : — DONKEY and PONY To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inches To cut .30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pony MACHINES. £14 0 0 16 0 0 18 0 0 10 0 14 0 HORSE To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inches Leather Boots for Horse 3ffiACHINES. , £23 , 26 . 30 , 31 The 26 and 28 inches can easily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse; and as the Machine makes little noise in working, the most spirited animal can be employed without fear of it running away, or in any way damaging the macliine. Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. GREEN'S PATENT MULTUM LAWN MOWER. Highly Rkcommrnded Small Law.ns. .-^^SSSS PRICES, ^ith Gra&shox. 6 in. JEI .'i 0 7 in. 1 13 0 Sin. 2 5 0 10 in. 3 0 0 GREEN'S Patent LAWN COtTRT MARKER. No. L'412. The Best Marker made. Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. TENNIS GREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 ijuhei wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 168. Packing Case, 35. Specially designed to meet a want which lias long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c., and do away with the tedious operation of cuttiug ^vith shears. iT" A very useful and serviceable MacMne. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLIiERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for H;ind or Horse I'owtT. Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam. Length £ s. d. 16 in. by 17 in 2 5 0 20 in. by 22 in .15 0 24 in. by26in 4 10 30 in. by 32 in 7 10 Sppcial quotations m ule for Rollers, 1 ft 1 1 Ji feet, and If ( r D iimeter, fitted \Mili sliifts for one GREEN'S PATENT STEAM ROAD ROLLERS A3 upplied tu Ihe C:miber\vt-U ^'e-try. :iii.t fnlliiuiii;; Cnr; or- ations, vi/„ ; HiiiKlerslield, Soutliport, .slirllit-Ki, iMorley, Flict- wood Commissioners, Municipality of Trieste, Calcutta, imd other places. Refi;hencks if Requirkd, Small Bag of Marking Composition, Orf, W.i^Iit Emit\ — U» tons 12^ tons 15 ton-;. Weight in WorkiiigTrim willi Watcriind Km-l;— 12j tons, loton-s, Istons. Delivered Carriage Free at aU the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The largest UntK of Mu!nn Kstnhlislunnit, SI /!/{/:' i' WOUk'S, lU.ACKh'Ul ARS HO A I), whcrr I Purchasers can make selection out Of seocnil hundred Machines of Hand, Poni/, and //'IJ■^■',■ I'ou-lt, and have tlu-ir Onlcrs siipp/icd the xantc daij as thci/ arc received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B. — Those who have Lawn Mowers wliich rt-quire repairing ahould send tlicm Ijj cilluT our Leciiy ur ]x>udon Establishment, where tlu-y wiU have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Worknu'ii is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS. AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENT.S OF EVERY DESCRII'TION, WIRE NETTING, &C., &C. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communications should bo addn'-^sL-d to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The PubliHher," at the Olhce, 41, Wellington .Street. Covont Garden. L iidnn, W.C Printed by Willia.m Richxrds, at the OfTine of Messrs. Bkaddurv, Agnkw, & Co., Ix)mbard Street, Precinct of Whitefriiirs, City of London, in tlie Courty of Middlesex, and published by tlie said Wiu-iiM Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's Covent Garden, in the said County.— Sat ukday, March 9, 1.S89. Agent for AIancbct.tcr— John Hicywoou. Established i84i. No. 116.— Vol. V. / Thihd 1 \Skkies.j SATUKDAY, MARCH 16, 1889. /ReRt. 03 a Newspaper. /Pr 10 E 3d« \WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FREE, 3Ji. Iris atro-purpurea 330 Xtl Kitchen- Garden ;«,i 339 Oakwood, plants in flower 311 at... Obituary :— 310 ■.m Radnor. Earl of ;ti:i 337 Sankey. Dr :iui Orrhid notes liW Orchids at Bexley 331 ;«ii ,. at Hutton Park ... xm ,. hybrid 341 338 Passiflora.Eyneqford Gem .■)4» MO Plant portraits .■i'i» 341 Plants and their culture :«4 3J1 Pleurothallis Roezlii ... xm .■m Portulaca. the 333 3:13 Poultry manure 340 338 Rose crowing, American Rose shows in 1889 331 ,-«7 333 Royal Horticultural So- ciety 3;« ;a7 Saxifrages, alpine Scotland 329 x» ■Mn :«s Societies — Linnean .343 3:!i Royal Horticultural ... 342 3:i7 Stocks, surface- rooting... 340 3io Stock-taking. February... 337 ■.a; Table decorations 334 Vegetables .339 337 Williams' nursery 338 CONTENTS. Agaves at Paris Exlii- Dition Artichoke, the Globe ... Arum, white Botanic Ganlens, Pieter- maritzburg Blenheim Palace Gardeiis ; Book; — Cactus Culture for Amateurs Calanthcs iitThe Hentlre. Monmouth Canarina ci\mpanula Clay for light soils Clianthus puniceus Coburgia iiicaroata Colonial notes Crocuses Double llo^\'ers caused hy mites English gardening, a his- tory of Flower garden Fruits under gla^.^ Gardener, education of the Gardeners" Orphan Fund Hardy fruit garden Horticulturists, famous... Journal of the Roi/al Hor- cultural Society Illustrations. Garden of a nobleman in the thirteenth century 328 Hendre, the, Monmouth, the conservjitory at. (Supplement.) Saxifraga Burseriana var. major | ... 333 „ cuscutiformjs 329 ,, Maweana 3 12 „ media ... 329 „ pyrenaica var. surperba 3tl Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can a7iy particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire colutnn. rpRE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -L IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 54.30 for Twelve Months. Agent far America :—E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden." 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. OYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY Gardens, Regent's Park. N.W. EXHIBITIONof SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 20. Gates open at 2 o'Clock. The Bund will play from 2,30 to 5.30. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellonsof the Society, price 2s. Gd., at any time. R Y S T A L PALACE. A>'XUAL SPRING EXHIBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS. SATURDAY, MARCH 23. Entries close March 16. Schedules of Prizejs for this and all the Exhibitions of Plants, Flowers, Fruit, &c., to be he'd during 1889. sent postrfree, on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Departtnent, Crystal Pabce. S.E. OYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTU^ BAL SOCIETY. VEITCH MEMORIAL PRIZES AT AUTUMN SHOW. For Best 6 BUNCHES of GRAPES.— 1st Prize. Veitch Memorial Prize, consisting of Bronze Medal and £^, to which the Society adds. £i ; 2nd and 3rd Prizes, £i and £2, given by the Society. (Instead of sums printed in Prize List). For Best Collection of 12 Distinct Varieties of A'EGE- TABLES. — Ist Prize, Veitch Memorial Prize, consisting of Bronze Medal and £o, to which the Society adds £2 ; 'Jnd and 3rd Prizes, £2 and £1, given by the Society. The above are Open to Amateurs and Gentlemen's Gardeners only. s UTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON and SONS, READING. SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE for 1889. — Now ready: price l5., poat/-free. Beautifully Illus- trated with Coloured Plates of Sutton's Gloxinias, Sutton's Primulas, Suttou's Tomatos. and a Photograph of a House of Sutton's Hero of Lockinge Melon (grown from Sutton's Seed by Mr. J. H. Goodacre, The Gardens. Elvaston Castle). The book contains also the most complete List, with accurate descriptions of the best Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, including many Novelties of proved merit. SUTTON AND SONS, Royal Seed Establishment, Reading. T^^IOLETS and VIOLAS (2 acres).— The V largest, most complete, and cheapest stock in the country. ThouKinds in pots full of Hower. CATALOGUE and full particuliirs upon application. H. CANNELL and S(.'NS. Swanley. Gladioli, Dalilias, Begonias, and misceUaneous Hardy Plants for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Special Spring CATALOGUE of the above for 1889, containing all the new Varieties, is now ready, and will, as usual, be sent post- free, on application to themselves or their Agents, Messrs. MERTENS &C0.,3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C. NOTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnersliip, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. Alhlebts due and payable wilt be received and discharged by Henry Squelch; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Ibices. Account Sales fur- ni^hed daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. pHOICE FRUIT and FLOWERS.— Highest \J Market Prices Guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman. Covent Garden, W.C. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), are in a position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for EUC HARTS, LILY of the VaLLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS, ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers, Com- municate with Commission Department. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C. ESSRS,"^REGbRY and EVANS, NURSERVMEN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SDICUP." W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON CO>niISSION. GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. OINSETTIAS.— WANTED, a few dozen old Plants. State lowest price to WM. CHARLES, Harlesden Park Nursery, Harlesden, N.W. To Gardeners. WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in Mixture, by the luO, &c. ; also named Show Pinks, Eucharis. Melon Seeds, Daphne indica, alba, and rubra; Gloxinia Bulbs, Greenhouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named Gold-laced Polyanthus, named Auri- culas, Tree and other Peeonies, small Oleanders, Asparagus plunosus nanus, Plumbago rosea. Lowest Trade, cash with order to FLORIST. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, Fruiting, Succession, and Sucker PINES, state lowest cash price to H. BULL, Rose Cottage, Elliot Park, Lewisham, S.E. L ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN - RAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in cases containing 50 tine Bulbs, at 26s. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23*. 9d. ; Cases containing luO fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and souid Bulbs, 4.'-'., tjs., 9s., 12h., and 18s. perdozen. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 23S, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. K M O C ELLY AND WALSH (Limited), Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £5 upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. EGONIA SEED.— Box's Jubilee varieties are the best both for quality and quantity; of Singlea perpacket, 6d. and Is. ; of Doubles, lOrf. and Is.tirf. Collections and larger packets, also tubers, as per list, post free with seeds. — JOHN R. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner), Seedsman and Begonia Grower. Croydon. AIDENHAIR FERN. —Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. RCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE ttee on application.— KICHAKD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchanta, Worcester. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. EOEMER, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to th* Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. Grape Vines. BS. WILLIAMS has some good Fruiting • and strong Planting Canes left. Sorts and prices on application. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, Loudon, N. SELECTED SEED POTATOS. — The best varieties for Table use. The best varietiesfor Exhibition. Delivered free. Lists Post-free on application. DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGS UE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, and Hand-lights, post-free, for 0 stamps, to be deducted from first order.— CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, Is. 6d., 3s., 5s. 6g£. ; Tins 15s. tit/., 25s., 95s. All Seedsmen and Flcists. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid, London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Gala.'ihiels. N,B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags: 1121b., 19s. ; 56 lb,, Us. 3d, ; 28 lb., 6s. 9d. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb., 2s. 3d. In tins. Ls.each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARBISAKDCO.(Limited), 9, BullRing, Birmingham. Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. JB. THOMAS, Covent Garden Market. • Telegraph Address, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. See large Advertisement, p. .329. L 322 THE OAEDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Mahch 16, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Kext. 3000' grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, in splendid condition ; about 5000 various imported and Enpliah-grown LILIES, comprising unusually ime Bulbs ot Liiium rubrum cruentum, album Krtetzeri, rubro-vitta- tum. auratum virginale. platypbyllum. Brownii, and otheri; 1000 LILIUM LONGIELORIIM for forcing, a selection of named hybrid JAPANESE IRIS, producing immense flowers, and awarded many First-class Certifi- cates ; these Iris are perfectly hardy, and easily grown. The Sale will also include an assortment of other HARDl BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E.C., on MONDAl NEXr, March 18. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. Named CARNATIONS and PICOTEES, in pots ; Standard and Dwarf Roses. FRUIT TREES. E^•ER^iREENS, CAMEL- LIAS, and AZALEAS from an English Nursery. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above bv AUCTION, at the City Auction Rooms. 38 and 39. Gracechurch Street, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, March 19, at half-past 12 o'clock. ()n view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 5000 LILIUM AURATUM from Japan. A chice collection of hardy English-grown LILIES, including very line Bulbs of most of the principal varieties. IRIS. GREENHOUSE PLANTS. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, GLADIOLI. See. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.G., on WEDNESDAI NEXT, March 20, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning ot Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CYPRIPEDIUMS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, March 22, a few choice selected CYPRIPEDIUMS from a well known collection, including C. Sedeni porphyreum. S. can- didulum, Spicerianum nigrum, Dauthicri. melanopthalmum, Schroderje. grande. and others, many of them being specimen plants in excellent condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Kext, CYPRIPEDIUM Hn'.SUTHSIMU.M, in perfect health, gr.nnd specimen : Uic tiin-st \ariety ever llowered. MESSRS. PROTliiatOE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on FRIDAY NfXT, March 22, 18>9. Friday Next. Imported and Established ORUHIDS, mostly for Sale without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.G.. on FRIDAY NEXT. March 22. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of Imported and Established ORCHIDS, including the following : — ODONTOGLOSSU.M ALEXANDR.I;, a grand importation of the best type, and in line condition, together with other Orchids, from Messrs. Shultleworth, Carder & Co. CYPRIPEDIUM EOTHSCHILDIANUM, 60 good plants. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, a small private Collection, comprising 150 Cattleya Dowiana, 120 Cattleya Skinneri, and about 800 other Orchids. Also a quantity of Imported DENDROBIUMS. ON- CIDIUMS, ODONrOGLOSSUMS, CATTLEYAS, ORCHIDS in FLOWER, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale.— Tuesday, March 26. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de- sire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of OR^'lHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for which they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE ENTRIES in due course. Sample Sale.— March 28. IVfESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS 1t-1 desire to announce that their next SAMPLE SALE will take place on THURSDAY, March 28. The Sunbury House Collection of Orchids. SECOND and BEMAININii PUKTION, by order of Major Leudy. who is rclin.iui.-liiDg llicir cultivation in conse- quence of ill-health. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE. IITESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are llX favoured with instruclions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.G., on TUESDAY. April 2, the SECOND and RE.MAININO POR- TION of this well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Further particulars will appear. Prellmloary Notice. By order of the Executors of the late Mr. J. H. Bath, of Manor Farm. North Cray. 8000 ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. For Sale without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.G., on TUESDAY, April 0, the whole of this extensive Collection of ORCHIDS, comprising ."^000 Odontoglossum Alexandrx-, Pescatorei,and triumpnans, mostly unttowered ; 3000 Cattleyaa, Cypripediuma, Dendrobium, &c. Wednesday Next.— (Sale Ko. 7893.) Choice Named Standard. Half-Standard, and Dwarf ROSES, from a well-known English and French Grower ; Pyramid, Standard, and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES to name; Hardv Ornamental EVERGREENS, SHRUBS, and CONI- FERS CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and other BORDER PLANTS in variety; DAHLIAS, GLADIOLI, LU.IU.MS, FREESIAS. and otlier Hardy Bulbs; LILY of th.- VALLEY Crowns, SPIR.EAS, &c. MR, J. 0. STEVENS will SELL the aliove by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. .38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 20, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Wednesday and Thursday Next. 10.000 Grand Bulbs ot LILIUM AURATUM, and other LILIES, just received from Japan, in splendid condition. R. J. C. STEVENS will include the above M^ in his SALES by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Strtet, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY NEXT, March 20 and 21. On view mornings of Sales, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7894.) A choice lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and End. A1>0 a small collection of DRAC.^NAS DAVALLIAS. PALMS, FERNS, and other STO'S'E and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY, March 21. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thvirsday Next.-(Sale No. 7894.) DENDKOBIUM WARDIANUM. IXfR. J. 0. STEVENS will SELL by ItX auction, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, March 21, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, imported plants of DENDRO- BIUM WARDIANUM, best vars. ; D. CRASSINODE, D. THYRSIFLORUJI. D. RRY.MERIANUM. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had^ Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7894.) Six cases of Indian ORCHIDS, received direct, comprising A'anda Parishii, V. species, Dendrobium suaviasimum, Aerides crassifolium, Soccolabiums, Cypripedium Gode- troya?, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in bis SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THUSBDAY NEXT, March 21. * On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. The 'Valuable Collection of Orchids formed by H. J. El'CHAN. Fsq. IV/fR. J. C. STEVENS has received iiistructioDs ItX from II. J. Buchan, Esi|., of Willou House. South- ampton (in consequence of the land having been bought for building), to offer for SALE, without the least Reserve, the SECOND WEEK in APRIL, his celebrated COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, comprising, amongst other fine things :— Cypripedium caudatum ro- 1 Dendrobium stratioles seum ,, Sanderianum ,, Spicerianum ,, Druryi Leelia flava ,, autumnalis Buchauii ,, anceps alba „ elegans ,, ,, Schilleriana ,, ,, alba Odoutoglosumx Ruckeriana ,, polyxanthnra ,, cuspitatum platyglossun Besides all the leading Lowii ,, nobile nobiliiis Cattleya Schroderii Epideudrum prismatocarpnm Angriecum sesqnipedale ,, Dubuyssonii Ca'logyoe cristata alba Trichopilia crispa marginata (true) ,, suiivis alba Maxillaria Sanderiana „ Hub^hii Masdevallia Bull's Blood irieti.'S of other things. lie Tomklns. St. Albans. MR. W. DORANT will S]';LL by AUCTION, on THURSDAY, March 28, 1889, at 12 noon, upon the Premises 20 George Street, St. Albans, Herts, the valuable largeStock-in-Tradeof SEEDS (FLOWERand VEGETABLES), all in choicest varieties, ready for immediate sowing, also Bales of Rallia, Sacks, Bags, Cases of Flower Sticks, Labels, Tallies Pockets, Weighing Machine, new Seed Winnower, Sieves' Measures, Borrows, Trade Fixtures. JIahogany Counters and Nests of Drawers. Show Ciuses. Shelves. Gas Fittings Pulley Chains, Office Furniture, and other items, together with the valuable Lease of the above extensive Premises. . - c i r, . On view four days previous, and on morning of Sale. Cata- logues obtained of the Trustee, F. C. QOODCHILD, Esq., 25 Old Jewry, E.G. ; of A. EWEN. Esq.. Official Receiver, Luton, Beds ; or ot W. DORANT, Auctioneer, ^•ictorla Street, St. Albans. WANTEll, on Lease, about an Acre of LAND, with Glass. Also DWELLING HOUSE. Address HORTUS. Gardmas' Chronicle Office, .11, Welling- ton Street, Straud, W.C. YorksUre, West Riding. Ou the coufines of an important and thriving Market Town. ''1^0 BE SOLD, as a going concern, and at a X great sacrilite, to ensure an early Sale, a very Old-estab- lished NURSERY and FLORIST'S UUSINESS. The Premises comprise about 6J Acres of capital Land, held at a very moderate rental and well stocked with useful Stuff. With Foreman s Cottage. Packing Harn, 3stall Stable and Coachhouse. Slone- built Offices »nd Storeroom. The Glass Erccl.ons comprise 6 useful Greenhouses, efficiently heated with Hot tt uter, also numerous Cold Frames, mostly covered with movable t.lass Lights. Well supidiedwith Water. The Nursery is situate abSut 2 miles from the Town, and within I mile of a Railway Station. Satisfactory reasons will be given for Disposal. A splendid opportunity for acquiring R Genuine Business on exceedingly reasonable terms. The \'endor will be open to consider any reasonable offer to effect an early Sale. For furtherparticulara apply to Mr. F.CARTER, Accountant, (tc, Nelson Chambers, Cloth Hall Street, Huddersheld, FOR DISPOSAL, the LEASE of a SMALL NURSERY. S.E. District. Seven Glasshouses, Pits, Sheds, good Six roomed Cottage. Stock at ^'aluation. Rent, £56. Suit Working Man with Small Capital. J. B., 4, Bedford Gardens, Campden Hill, Kensington, W. To Grape. Fruit, Tomato Growers, ■MARKET GARDENERS. &c. TO BE DISl'OSED OF, an Old-established BUSINESS in the Channel Islands in full work, suitable for a Partnership. Capital required about £1000. — Apply in the first instance by letter addressed to A. R. C.H., Bedford \'illa, Teddington. Middlesex. Principals ouly dealt with. CUT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c.— Best class of customers in district for good flower-. Sales. WEDNESDAY ami FRIDAY Ni^^ht all the year round. Daily, wheu required. Lurget-t and most centrally situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham.— POPE and SONS, 6, Phillip's Street (clo.^e to Market Hall). Birmingliam. ROTHEROE and MORRIS, Hobticul- TURAL Market Garden and Estate auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.G.. and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL GO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received fine importations of the following, and many other ORCHIDS:— ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDR.ffi (Pacho type). LELIA ANCEPS (White), dlstinct-Iooklng type. „ ANCEPS MOKADA. CATTLEVA GUTTATA LEOPOLDI. MILTONIA MORELLIANA. DENDROBIUMS and Other ORCHIDS, In quantity, from the East Indies, Full pariirnhirs. Post-free, en application to THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL, -■p 0 BE SOLD, CHEAP, to clear ground for annual transplanting. RIIODODENDROX FONTICUM, nice bushy plants, 1 to IJ feet liif^'h, SS,-;. per 100. KUODODENDRONS, hybrid stViUing^ from the best varieties, mixed colours, I to Ij feet high, 6«. per d07... i-jJ. per 100; 1 J to 2 feet, 10s. per doz., 75s. per 100 ; 2 to i|- feet. \6S. per doz. RH(.)DODENDRONS, selected seedlings, colour labelled on each plant, fine bushes, mostly well filled with flower- buds, 3 to 4 foet high. 24s. to 3cs. per dozen. These would make an effective display this summer. RHODODENDRONS, the best-named kinds, IJ to ;j feet high. For description and prices see Catalogue. HOLLIES, Common Green, fine stuff, well rooted, 2 to SJ feet high, 6s. per doz., 40*. per 100; 2^ to 3 feet, Ss. per doz., 505. per 100. HOLLIES, Silver, well rooted. 2 to 3 feet high, 18s. per dor. ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA. dense bushes, Ij feet high. and as much across. V2s. per doz. ; 1^ to 2 feet high, 2Ui'i\ feet across. Its. per doz. DAPHNE MEZEREUM, in flower and bud, very biidhy, reds, 3i<. per doz. ; whites. -Is. per doz. HARDY HEATHS, of sorta (including " cinerin superbu " and " herbacea alba"), good plants. 4s. per dozen. LILIUM AURATUM, home-grown flowering bulbs, Ss. per dozen ; hOs. per luO. HANDSWORTH BOX, green and bushy, 2J to 3 feet high, 6s. per dozen ; extra large bushes, 4 to 5 feet high. Is. 6rf. to 2s, 6(/. each. COMMON LILACS, large bushes, 5 to 7 feet high. Is. 6d CO.. Covent Garden ... 5 5 0 Mr. A. PLUMMEB, Seedsman. Staines 4 4 0 Mr. R. H. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Heversham, Milnthorp 7 7 0 Mr. JOHN CROOK, Gardener, Farnborough ... 8 5 0 Mr. EDWARD MITCHELL, Gr., Bolton Lodge, Leeds 10 10 0 Mr. W. R. HODGES, Gardener, Copley Dene. Highgate 10 10 0 Mr. E. GILBERT. Tbe Gardens. Old Charlton, Kent 115 0 Mrs. VINCENT NICHOLL, Red Hill 2 2 0 W. J. BROWN. Esq 110 Miss CiTTLEY. Clayden. Edenbridge. Kent ... 2 2 0 BOBEET HOGG, Esq.. LL.D.. Vice-President ... 10 10 0 BICHARD CHRTMRS. Esq., Rotherham 21 0 0 Messrs. NUTTING AXD SON, Southwark Street ... 10 10 0 Mr. WM. COLLINS, Gr., Chios House, Clapham Park 10 10 0 Mr. WM. WILDSMITH, Heckfield Gardens ... 110 Messrs. WATKINSiJSD SIMPSON, Eiet«r Street... 5 5 0 Mr. H. E. TILLMAN. Covent Garden 3 3 0 Mr. S. E. KAY. Fiuchley 2 2 0 Messrs. DICKSON, The Nurseries. Chester 10 10 0 Mr. GEORGE MONRO. Covent Ciarden 10 10 0 Messrs. BARR AKD SON. King Street, Covent Garden 2 2 0 Mr. W. S. JOHNSON. St. Martin's Lane 6 6 0 Mr. J. C. STEVENS, King Street, Covent Garden ... 5 5 0 Messrs. CUTBUSH akd SON, Nurseries. Highgate... 5 5 0 Mr. J. ROBERTS, The Gardens. Gunnersbury ... 10 10 0 Mr. B. WADDS. Birdsall Gardens, York 110 Mr. G. WTTHES, Syon Gardens. Brentford 110 Mr. W. DENNING. Nurseries. Hampton 110 Mr. J. WALKER, Whitton, Hounslow 2 2 0 Mr. PETER BLAIR, The Gardens, Trentham ... 110 Messrs. H. & A. TURNER, Royal Nurseries, Slough 10 10 0 Mr. W. C. LEECH, Albury Gardens, Guildlord (annual) ' 110 Miss OSBOBN. Streatham 3 3 0 Mr, W. BROWN, Merivale Gardens, Atherstone ... 2 2 0 Mr. THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham ... 2 2 0 Mr. PEARMAN, Salmon's Garden, Chiselhurst ,.. 10 10 0 Messr;. JACOBWKENCHA-NDSONS.LondonBridge 5 6 0 Messrs. HOWCBOFT AKD WATK1N3, Hart Street, Covent Garden 6 5 0 DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS, \'nrietie9 " Anemomefloni " and * '*SoI*'il d'Or," tht- former having w yellow Auemone-tloweml flat and frilled centre, with the outer florets or guard-petals extended, and known in English gardens us mxdtiflorm plenns. riiinl^, each9'V. ; post-free. 3rf. extra. The new plant, or *' (juilh'd form." is bright orange in colour, and the outline Unit of u CiiCtus Dahlia, the A. W. Tait type ; and. to jirevent confn-.ioii in the term "pleiuis," designated by me as "Soloil d'Or," this I call the Irish Quilled flower. Each, Is. Gd.; extra sm\ 2s. 6d., post/rvc. Illustrations of both forms, as drawn by OertruJe Harthmd, can be hail for a staraped cuveloiie. I have been instrumental in getting di.^tiuctions for tJie first time observed by English tloriata iu their Catttlog\le«; but if you want the Irish pUnt, better have it from the introducer. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old EsUblishsd Garden Seed Warehouse. ;.'-l. Patrick Street, Cork. Fruit Trees. ^0 000 PLUMS and DAMSONS; Standard ^yJ^yfyfy/ and Dwarf-trained Morello CHERKIES, all fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHEK BROS.. Ottcrshaw Nursery. Chertsey. Surrey. FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the largest. be.st, moat reliable and complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It consists of 113 pages of closely-printed matter, with Prices and full descriptions ot all the newest and best Pansies, Violas. Phloxes, Pentstemons. Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks. Delphiniums, Pyrethrum. Potentillas, Auriculas, Dahlias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Petuuiag.Begonias, Perennials, Stoveand Greenhouse Plants. Ferns, &c.. all of which are made a leading speciality and can consequently be had better than anywhere else. The CATALOGUE itself js a moijt useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Bnccleucb Nurseries. Hawick, Scotland. The Finest Main Crop P O T ATP. SHARPE'S DUKE OF ALBANY. Dnke of Albany is a Whit-e Kidney; it has a short haulm, with a pule, flat leaf, is ijuite as early as Myatt's Prolific, as large in size and as heavy a cropper as Magnum Bonum, than whicli it is eight weeks earlier; it is ripe early in August, and will keep until spring, being a good first-class Potato from the middle of July until the month of March. The crop is immense, and the tubers are of a perfect shape, with no eyes, so there is no waste in paring ; the skin is slightly rough, and the quality of the flesh un- surpassed, being white, mealy, and of the most delicious flavour. Price 2s. 6d. per Stone. Price per Cwt. or Ton on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Growers and Mercliaiits, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. PRIMULA OBCONICA, greatly improved strain (crop 1888) for Present Sowing, perpacket, Gd. and Is. Large Trade packets, 2s. Qd.. 5s.. lOs.Gd., and 2ls. each. Primrose. Old Double Crimson Pompadour : see coloured plate in the Garden, Oct,, 1888, Magnificent plants, 155. per dozen, ls.6rf. each. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, Cork. A. A. Lletze, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, LIETZE'S NEW CALADIUMS, ORCHIDS, and PALM SEEDS. Price LISTS of above Post-free to all applicaatg from Mess-s. ADOLPH v. ESSEN A.XD CO., 73, Or. Reichenstr., Hamburg, Germany. 1AA ALPINE and HERBACEOUS AVV/ PLANTS. 26s. Descriptive CATALOGUE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (contaiuiog much interestiDg information). Post-free. 9a. STANSFIELD BROS.. Southport. To tlie Trade. POTATOS FOR SEED. 30 Tons of BEAUTY OF HEBRON. Fir3t-cla?3 stuff, and Grown on the best of Warp Soil. Free on Rails at 80s. per ton. B. CLEOG. Adlingfl^et Grange, Qoole, ^/"ERTEGANS" NOVELTY CATALOGUE V of " FLORAL GEMS," free by Post to all applicants. VERTEGANS AND CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. ERTEGANS' NOVELTY CATALOGUE of SEEDS for the GARDEN, free by Post on applica- tion to VERTEGANS AKD CO.. Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. ERTEGANS' Illuatrated CATALOGUE.— Those who have not received one of our Speciality CatalogTiea should lose no time in obtaining it. Free by Post. VERTEGANS AND CO., Chad Valley Nurseries, Birmingham. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. nn H R SECOND ELECTION, -*- FIVE CHILDREN to be Elected to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of 5.<. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July I'J next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.G. All applications must be made on a proper printed Form, copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon, Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY', April 20, 1880. A..F.. Bariion, Hon. See, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick. W. POLY'ANTHUS.— Hahdy's finest selected gold laced show (lowers, strong plants, 55. per 100; 45,s. per 1000. POLYANTHUS PREVIROSE.— " Hardy's New Novelty." about 8 colours mixed, magniticent trusses, strong plants, .^9. per 100; 45s, per lOuO. PRIMROSE.— " Hardy's Novelty Hybrids,'"about 30 beautiful colours, from pure white to dark crimson And maroon, strong plants, bs. per 100; -1.^5. per 1000. VIOLA CONUTA, Queen of Blues. 5*'. per 100; ios. per 1000; White Virfjin, ^s. per 100 ; ihs. per 1000. HOLLYHOCKS, tint-st double, mixed, lis. do/... los. per 100. LILY', old English, pure wtiite. tine hnlb^, i-sMJoz, lbs. per do?. CARNATION, choii;e Dovible (Border), hirRe plants, splenttid mixed colours. 3j. per doz., 20s. per 100. CLOVE, tine old crimson, 2.?. t^d. per do/.., 18a-, per 100. SIN'KINS PINK, Mrs. Sinkins. 15.f. per lOO. PY'RETHRUM, double and single, named, '.is. do/., 1^05. per 100. Packing fref. Extra Plants for Cari'iaRe. Cash. H. I. HARDY. F.R.H.S.. Stour Valley Nurseries, Bures, Suffolk. CHRISTMAS HOSES.— 12 distinct varieties of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 12s. HEPATICA ANGULOSA, 3s. per doz., Single Blue, 2s. ; Double Blue, ISs. ; Single Pink, :is. ; Double Pink, 2s. ; Single White, 3s. One flowering-plant of each free by post for 2s. i)rf. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LoatTE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. To Market Gardeners and Others. THE TWO BEST POTATOS for Present Planting are ALBERT VICTOR, £6 per ton, and BEAUTY OF HEBRON, Si per ton. Free on Rails. All Grown on Warp Land. , J. S. JOHNSON, Ousefleet Pasture Farm, Goole. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties. Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, liJ named varieties, separate, 5s. Gd.; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12.5. to 42s. per doz, ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz; Bedding, clioicest, 6s. and 9.-;. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 425. per doz.; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers, Forest Hib, S.E. BIES DOUGLASII GLAUCA, 3 to 4 feet, ISs. per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet. 24s. ; 5 to tJ feet. 3Gs. ABIES MENZIESII, 3 to 4 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet, 9,9. ABIES PARRYANA, 1^ to2feet, 2Is. perdoz.; 2 to3 feet, .?6». PINUS EOLANDERI, 2 to 3 feet. 9s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, 12a. PINUS CEMBRA, 3 to4feet. 4.f. perdoz.; 5 to 6 feet. 6s. PINUS CONTOKTA. 2 to 3 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 fert, 6s. ; 4 to 5 feet. 9s. All are from well-rooted, healthy plants ; one plant of each variety for 6s., or one plant of each size for 18s., securely packed in mats. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. MDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUUS, CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to Loudon is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street. London, E.G. Carriage Paid. DAHLIAS.— Sound Pot Koots are the best to buy. You get earlier and stronger flowering plants : — 12 Choice CACTUS DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice SINGLE DAHLIAS for 4s.. distinct. 12 Choice DOUBLE DAHLIAS for 4s., distinct. 12 Choice POMPON DAHLLlS for 4s., distinct. For Cash with orde', carriage paid. CHARLES BURLEY, Nureerieg, Brentwood. 324 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 16, 1889. BE G 0 N I A S. — Tuberous-rooted, ot best quality, by the 100 or 1000. See the best Deachptive and Illustrated CATALOGUE pu'jlished. ASPAKAOUS PLANTS, 2-yr. and 3-yr.. in quantity. Good and cheap. B. R. D-VVIS, Begonia Grower. Yeoril Nurseries, Yeovil. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. 0 S I A H n. BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf : White Elephant Rivers' Royal do. Early Rose Myatt's Prolific do. Magnum Bonum Mona's Pride I York Regent Snowdrop Scotch do. Adirondack I Imperator Village Blacksmith I Red Bog Early Beauty of Hebron i Schoolmaster Dalmahoy I Early Don And other leading varieties. Prices on application to York Street. Borough Market, S.E. ILIUM AUKATUM.— Special Offer. Extra fine hard heavy liowering bulbs, measuring 8 to 9 inches round 12, 3s, lod.-. 50, lis. le. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 to 16 feet. CHESTNUT. Horse. 14 to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet, 12 to 16 f,^et; Spanish, 13 feet. ELJIS. English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey, 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAR, 8 to 10 feet. 5IAPLE, Norway. 14 to 16 feet. OAK. English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet ; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA. 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE. Common, 14 to 16 feet ; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS. Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common. 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH. Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet ; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards. 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards. 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping, Pyramids, 8 to 10 feet. OAK. Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHOBA JAPONICA PENTJULA, Standards, 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. THE BEST PEAS. SHARPE'S QTJEEN. A grand Blue Marrow ; height, 2 feet. Pods, hirge, deep green, with large, green, deliciously flavoured Peas. It ia bO continuous a cropper that a constant supply m:iy he maintained by it alone, after the first crop is ready. 2H. 6f/. pf;r pint packet; I.';. Qd. per half pint packet. SHARPE'S TRIUMPH. A fine Dwarf BIu- Wrinkled Jlarrow. fine flavoured, and heavy cropper — .sixty-nine pods, with nine to eleven Peas in each, gathered from one plant. 'Js. per quart packet ; Is. per pint packet. SHARPE'S SIRF.A.MILBANK A magnificent, large. Blue Wrinkled Marrow. Peas extra large — deep green. Very hardy. Height, 5 feet. '23. per quart packet ; 1^. per pint packet. Collections of Seeds in Bo.vcs, arranffed to produce a Continuoits Snppli/ of Vegetables all the I'eai- roimrf. No. 1. No. 2. No. '-i. No. 4. No. 5. No. *?. 63s. 42a. 30a. 21a. 16s. 10a. 6d. SHARPE'S Illustrated and Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1889, post-free on application to CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED FARMERS and MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD. SHIRLEY POPPY. Per Packet, la. Post-free. SEED POTATOS-SEED POTATOS. DUNBAR REGENTS . . „ MAGNUMS „ IMPERATOES .. LINCOLNSHIRE HYATT'S PROLIFIC . . MAGNUM BONUMS . . BEAUTY or HEBRONS . . EARLY ROSES. 90«. per Ton. 905. „ 90s. „ 80s. 80.9. 80s. Apply to W. N. WHITE, Fruit and Potato Broker, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. LONDOK, W.C. BuyJJirect from the Grower, my Seed having been selected from finest flowers only, as grown at my Shirley Nursery. ; _ Price to the Trade oQ application. .j ^ ».>1^ THOS. BUTCHER, Seed^Merchant, George St., Croydon. C H E A L S' DAHLIAS. CELEBRATED STRAIN OF SINGLES, CACTUS, POMPON, and S H O W varieties, iS:c. NStV DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, now ready, containing a beautiful Coloured Plate of new varieties, post-free. J. C H E A L & SONS, CRAWLEY. PTOSES, grand robust plants, thousands to select from. Special PRICES on application. DIGKSONS, (fjinited.) The Nurseries, CHESTER. FERNS A SPECIALTY The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting Collection in the Trade. HOO species and varieties of Stove, Greenhou"e, & Hardy Ferns. Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application. Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra- tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of Ferns, Is. 6rf. post-free. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MAITCHESTEB. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR OII^ROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white ektn. It ia one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. All the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHN WATKINS, Potato Grower. Pomona Farm, Withing- ton, Hereford. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THE NURSERIES, SAWBRIDGEWORTH HEBTS. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Pest in i\\f Market, as none but genuine, good, new se.i--on'-i seeds are >upplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most COmplGtd and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VABIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Il/ast rations) gratis and post-free, BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. 326 THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 16, 1889. SUTTON'S NEW MELON, ■941 ^^'r<^^' "EMPRESS." We introduce this uew Melon with every confidence, and feel Bure it will become a great favourite. It is the result of a cross between Sutton's Masterpiece and Sutton's Hero of Lockinpe. Shape, globular ; skin, light green changing to orange, thickly and evenly netted ; flesh pale orange colour, most excellent in flavour. Stock of seed limited. Per Packet, 3fl. 6d., post-free. SUTTON^SEEDS ::5Cenuime;.omi,y direct FROMBEADINC. . = Orders value 20s. cam-i'je fren. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market In the World for FORCED FRUITS, FORCED VEGETABLE, FLOWERS (CHOICE) and NOVELTIES in FRUIT and VEGETABLES of all kinds, and from all climes. The Best Medium from whom to obtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS. SALiBSi — -Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS.— Weekly, or when desired. GROWING CROPS.— Advances made on. MARKET REPORT S.— AVeekly, on application. EMPTIES. — Arrange early for supply. COMMUNICATIONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season on a sound basis to en.sure satisfactory results. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Address, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. References : Ask Anyone. BEAUTIFUL LAWNS TENNIS GROUNDS BEST OBTAINED BY SOWINQ VEITCH'S FINEST MIXED LAWN GRASS. Carefully prepared from the finest dwarf perennial Grasses only. Per Pound, Is. ; per Bushel, 22s. 6d. VEITCH'S FINEST MIXED LAWN GRASSES AND CLOVERS. Per Found, Is. ; per Bushel, 22s. 6d. JAMES VEITGH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, LONDON, S.W. March 16, 1S89.] TEE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 327 WEBBS' NEW HYBRID PRIMROSE, Is. and 2s. 6d. per Packet, post-free. Fnjm Mr. J. CLAEKE. Gardener to Afiss Guthri , The Pooh : — " Your Now Hybrid Primrose is well worth grow- ing, a-i it produces a quantity of ?howv flowers." WeBB'S spring catalogue, Beautifully Illustrated ; post-free. Is,, gratis to CnMomers. AEKIDGED EDITION, Gratis and post-free. 'WEBB&SONS^ORDSlEmdUBBRlME SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Faim, CAKEFULLY SELECTED, ASD FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTAIXED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER THE BEST CUCUMBER. SHARPE'S EPICUREAN. 2s. per Sealed Packet. THE MOST PEOLIFIC. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST tN QUALITY. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. HAS BEEN GROWN 3i INCHES IN LENGTH. CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATAXOGTTES POST-FKEE. B.S.WI LLI AMS' Superb and Choice Strains ASTERS, Mixed, per Packet, 63. to Is. 6d. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. CYCLAMEN. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 28. 6d. BEGONIAS, Per Packet, 1 ■. 6d. and 2s. 6d. GLOXINIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. CALCEOLARIAS, Per Packet, Is. 63. and 2s. 6d. PRIMULAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 23. 6d. CINERARIAS, STOCKS, Mixed, per Packet, 6d. to la. 6d. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. Illustrated Seed C'ata,logue for 1889, Gratis and Post-free nn application. B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. Per Packet, 1b. 6cl and 23. 6d. ECONOMY IN THE GARDEN. SEEDS. SEEDS. SEEDS. A SAVING of 15 to 20 per Cent, may be effected by Purchasing your Season's Supply at " Stores' BARNES' GREAT EASTERN COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, f'°- 63/- 42/- 30/- 21/- 10 6 7/6- 5/- 2/6- 1/2-. Package and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. The "Guinea" Collection Co NT A INS- IS pints Peas 2 packets Cucumber 4 ,, Beans, Broad 1 „ Endive IJ ,, Beans, French 1 „ Gourd 1 ,, Beans, Kunner I „ Leek 1 packet Beet 3 „ Lettuce 1 ,, Borecole 4 ounces Mustard 1 ,. Brussels Sprouts 1 packet Melon 3 ,, Broccoli 3 ounces Onion 3 „ Cabbage 1 packet Parsley 1 ., Savoy 2 ounces Parsnip 3 ounces Carrot 4 ,, Radish 2 packets Cauliflower 3 „ Spinach 2 ,, Celery 3 „ Turnip 1 ,, Couve Tronchuda I packet Vegetable Marrow 4 „ Herbs 4 ounces Cress, Plain ] packet Cress, AustraUan 1 ,, Tomato 1 „ Cajisicum Any sorts not required can be omitted, and others to value may 36 selected. PRICED CATAL DGUES GRATIS. J. E. BARNES (IG years Manapiug-Aasiiitant at Meisrs. PixitLS'), WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEEDSMAN, THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. Neio Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Past-free S^d. W. RICHAItDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready. In cloth. Us. 6d. rVHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. rv.. Third Series. JULY to DEC, 1888. W. RIOHABDS. 41, WellinKtOD Street, Strand. W.C. THE ^mkuM ^hmtlt SATURDAY, MARCS 16, 1889, A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENING. (Continued from p. 264.J 'T^HE preceding notes on thegardens of England -*- at the time of the Norman invasion, it must be said, are few and scanty, but they give all that is at present known, or, indeed, is likely to be known, respecting the gardens of our Anglo- Saxon ancestors. After the Norman conquest we begin to tread on firmer ground, and find traces of horticultural knowledge among monastic writers. Brithnold, the first Abbot of Ely, A.D. 1107, we learn from his Chronicle, was celebrated for his skill in horticulture, and that he planted gardens and ^xten-sive orchards around his monastery.* AVilliam of Malmesbury, writing in the twelfth century, refers to the culture of the Vine in England, particularly in Gloucestershire. In a Bull of Pope Alex- ander III., dated 117.5, confiscating the property belonging to the monastery of Winchenby, in Gloucestershire, the town of " Swireng, with all its orchards " is noticed, and in a charter of John, granting property to Lanthony Priory, is likewise mentioned the church of Herdesley, " with its twelve acres of orchard adjoining." From Fitzstephen's Chronicle we get a glimpse at the gardens of London at the end of the twelfth century. " Adjoining to the buildings of that city," he writes, " all round lie the gardens of those citizens who dwell in the suburbs which are well furnished with trees, are spacious and beautiful." t The earliest English author who has treated of horticulture, and that only incidentally, is Alexander Neckam. This old chronicler lived in the latter half of the twelfth century, and was first a mastor of a grammar school at St. Albans, and afterwards Abbot of Cirencester. His work, entitled De rerum Natura, was pub- lished many years ago, from the original MS., by Mr. Wright, for the Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain series. His observations on ' Q»l«. Hist. Bty, il. 3. t Ea:.iTr3rp.«j;~ 328 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. iMabch 16 1889. gardening matters, however, must be received with some caution. Thus his description of what a nobilis hortus should contain is evidently, in a great degree, purely rhetorical, since it enume- rates, besides trees and plants indigenous to or those probably acclimatised in England, others which are even now, with all our improved methods of cultivation, extremely difficult to grow in this climate. He mentions, for instance, the Pomegranate and Citron, both of which it is very doubtful were ever cultivated in this country in Anglo-Norman times. It should be remembered, nevertheless, that both had been grown in Italy and the South of France from the time of the Romans, and that speci- mens may have been introduced as curiosities by some one or other of the travelled or alien churchmen of Neckam's time. We know from the memorials of the early abbots of St Alban's preser\'ed by Matthew Paris, that they fre- quently visited Italy on the affairs of their house, and they may have imported from thence horti- cultural rarities for their gardens, just as they were accustomed to bring over precious materials for their churches. Several otht^r writers of the twelfth cen- tury incidentally notice horticultural matters, but it is not until the commencement of the next century that we have much material to work upon. In 1223 we read of Pear and other fruit trees being imported from France,* and Stowe mentions that he found it recorded that " Henry III., in the forty-sixth year of his reign, wrote to Errard of Westminster, commanding him that he should buy certain Perie (Pear) plants, and set them in the same, and in the place without his Tower of London, within the wall of the said city."t Thi.s monarch, in fact, ap- pears to have been a great patron of horticulture, and many interesting entries relating to his gar- dens are to be found in the Liberate Soils. In all, six royal gardens are mentioned. They were situated at Winchester, Kennington, Wood- stock, Evereswell, Clarendon, and Guildford. The one at Woodstock seems to have been the most extensive. It was surrounded by a ditch, and divided into three areas ; the King's garden, the Qaeen's, and the " vivary." The Queen's garden, we read, was surrounded by a " good and high wall," and contained a "fair turfed arbour," in which the " Queen may walk." It also had a " fountain " and many gravel " walks." The vivary was surrounded by a hedge, with a gateway on the side of the King's garden. Large quantities of spices and other articles of consump- tion were, during the early years of the thirteenth century, imported from abroad. Among these articles were Pepper, sugar. Cumin, Almonds, Ginger, Cetewale, Figs, Raisins, Anise, Dates, Chestnuts, Olives, Rice, Cloves, Mace, Saffron, Nuts, and Walnuts. Wheat and woad are also mentioned among the imports. Onions and Garlic^ are spoken of as being brought to England by merchants of Amiens, Corby, and Nesle in Pioardy. Apples, Pears, and Walnuts are noted as having been brought on pack horses or in carts to the London market ; as also Garlic, Onions, and Leeks of home growth. Several choice kinds of fruit, as Grapes, Cherries, Peaches, Mulberries, Quinces, and Medlars, are also recorded as having been grown in England in the time of Henry III., but these were only to be found on the tables of the opulent.§ • 7 Hen. III., m. 9. t Stowo'8 Stireey, ei. 1698, p. 48. This writ is etiU pre- lerved. I These two vegetables formed the staple food of the lower classes. B&e Relig. Anti^., i, 4^, ^ Liber Atbus, Intro., p. 84. " In 1257," writes Matthew Paris, describing the bad season of that year, " Apples were scarce and Pears still scarcer, while Quinces, Cherries, I'lums, and all kinds of vegetables and shell fruits, were entirely destroyed." These latter were probably the common Hazel nuts, Walnuts, and perhaps Chestnuts. The latter appear to have been much esteemed by our Anglo-Norman an- cestors and on the Pipe Rolls are several interest- ing entries which refer to them. In 1150 Henry II. ordered a quantity to be conveyed to his queen at Salisbury." In 1256 the Sheriffs of London were ordered to buy some 2000 for the King's use.t These last were imported from France, but that the Chestnut was extensively grown in England in early times is proved by an entry given in Rogers' Agricultural Prices, which records that in 1287, some fifty shillings' worth were sold from the trees at Middleton, in Norfolk. In the same work is given a number of entries relating introduce many fruit and other trees from abroad, but also laid out several gardens in England. An interesting entry refers to one of these in his Wardrobe Accounts, and runs as follows: — "To Master Robert de Beverley, Keeper of the King's woods, £07 17s. 7^d., to make mews at Charing, and likewise to make the King's kitchen garden there." The earliest of the fruiterer's bills is dated 1276, the second 12S6, and the third 1203. From the names applied to the various fruits in these accounts we gather that France bad the honour to supply those which were held in most esteem. Among the purchases for the Royal Gardens at Westminster we find enumerated plants, or sets, of Pears called Kaylewell, or CalswelI,Rewel, or De Regula, and Pesse-pucelle ; these are rude versions of the names of French varieties formerly in great repute. Besides these varieties of Pear, several others Fig. 50. — a nobleman's garden and orchard, thirteenth century, from a ms. in the eodleian fiurarv. to the gardens of the thirteenth century. At Woodstock we read of " 150 plants for the garden " being bought in the year 1265. At Ibstone, in Buckinghamshire, appears to have been a large garden. In 120.3 some eighteen plants were bought to plant in it. In the following year thirty ditto were bought ; in 1 206, twenty-one ; in 1207, sixty-six ; and in 1208, thirty-six. At Hampstead, Kenet, Cambridge, Cheddington, Stoke and Cusham, are also preserved accounts referring to gardens that existed at those places in the thirteenth century. By far the most interesting documents, how- ever, which tlirow light on the i^arly history of English horticulture are a series of bills whioli were delivered liy the Fruiterer of Edward I. into the Treasury, and which are now preserved in the Record Office. Edward I., like his father, also appears to have been a great patron of horticulture, and not only did he " Pipe Rills, i.. 2.5. t Clmts., 40, /fen. III., ra. 11. are mentioned in these bills. Among them may be noted varieties called Martins, Dreycs, Sorells, Gold Knobs, and Cheysills. Two varieties of Apples are recorded as having been grown at Westminster; the Costard and Pearmain. Goose- berries, Peaches, Quinces, Medlars, and Nuts were also cultivated. No flowers are mentioned except Roses. Another set of bills — bills unique of their kind — are preserved among the papers of the Duchy of Lancaster. They form the accounts which were rendered by the bailiff of the Earl of Lincoln of profits arising from, and expenditure upon, the Earl's garden in Holborn, in 1206. We learn from these curious docu- ments that Apples, Pears, large Nuts (P Wal- nuts), and Cherries were produced in suffi- cient (juantities not only to supply the Earl's table, but also to yield a profit by their sale.* The vegetables cultivated in this garden were Peas, Beans, Onions, Garlio, Leeks, and * £9 2s. 3rf. (about £13S present rnliip) was received in the year from the sale of fruits alone. Mabch 16, *•! *rnE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 329 some few others, which are not specially named. Hemp and Damsons were also grown there. The stock purchased for "replenishing" the garden comprised cuttings or sets of S. Keglc, Martin, Caillou, and Pesse-pucelle Pears. Apple and Cherry trees were also bought. The only flowers mentioned are Roses, a quantity of which were sold, producing 3*. '2d. It appears there was a pond or vivary in the garden, as the bailiff expended 8?. in purchase of small fish, kc, to feed the pike that were in it. The accounts further show that the garden was enclosed by a palina or fosse ; that it was managed by a head gardener, who had an annual fee of 525. 2ii., together with a robe or livery ; his assistants northern counties even planted orchards in the southern ones, where the climate was more favourable for the cultivation of the fruits. Thus we read of Bishop Swinfield, whose monastery was situated in Gloucestershire, planting an orchard in ^^'est Kent.' F, E. N. C To be eontinued.1 SAXIFRAGES. The section Knbschia of Engler may be said to contain the cream of the genus — as fur, at any rate, as regards true alpines — including, as it dues, such charming species as Burseriana, media, aretioides, squarrosa, marginata, and others, all of which are lighting on the position most suitable to a new- comer; but this act is the result of long experience, however simple it may in itself appear to the out- si ier. Following the order in Dr. Engler's Monofjraphie der Gaftunij Sa.vifraf/a [see (jardcncrs' Chrunidc, LS(1(3, p. HOB], iS. media, is the first of this section. This plant has long been in cultivation, and is known in many gardens under the name cal^'ciflura. It is a dwarf species, rarely more than 1 — 2 inches, the neat stifT-looking rosettes composed of spatulate leaves, usually blunt, but in some forms pointed, and with 3—5 pits on each side of the cartilaginous margins; flowers purple, medium-sized, borne in a paniculate or racemose inflorescence, the whole glandular-hairy. Pyrenees, flowering June — July. It is a very slow Fig, 60. — saxifraga cusctJTiFOBMis. Fig, 61. — saxifbaga media. seem to have been uumerous ; they were engaged in dressing the Vines and manuring the ground; their collective wages for the year amounted to £5. The arrangement of the gardens and orchards round a thirteenth century nobleman's mansion may be well seen in fig. 59, which is taken from a manuscript of that period, pre- served in the Bodleian Library at Oxford. Very little is recorded of the monastery gardens of the thirteenth century. In the Household Accounts of Bishop Swinfield, 1289, however, a few fruits and vegetables are mentioned as having been grown in the Gloucestershire monastic gardens. These were Apples, Pears, Almonds, Figs, Onions, Garlic, Leeks, Peas, Beans, Cabbages/ and a few varieties of pot- herbs. Several monasteries in the western and * See entry dated March 17, 1289. highly prized as decorative rock-plants, Taken as a whole, it is no doubt the prettiest group, but it is also the most diSicult to manage, and success to a large extent is only to be gained by experience and a study of their several requirements. An indica- tion of the exact locality, and the conditions under which they flourish in their native habitats, together with a knowledge of the means employed in other gardens where they have been grown well, are cer- tainly useful ; but they do not ensure success, even where the exact position, soil, &c., have been care- fully copied. Local influences have a great deal to do with the good or bad behaviour of alpines generally ; and this, as we consider it, the most important agent, is in nine cases out of ten entirely over- looked, and the fault laid to want of proper atten- tion, &c. Of course, in gardens where a collection of alpines is grown, the cultivator is not long in ' See his HoitsehoH Accounts, Dor^. grower, rarely ripening seed, and in consequence at present extremely rare. S. Frederici-augusti, Biasoe (not of gardens) is placed as a variety; it has also purplish flowers on a spicate inflorescence. It is not in cultivation. The plant being distributed under this name is luteo-purpurea, Lap. S. antoidcs, is of quite a ditf"erent stamp to the above, and next to Burseriana is the most com- mon in gardens. It forms small dense cushions of linear obtuse leaves, the short glandular hirsute stems bearing 2—5 yellow fljwers. W. and C. Pyrenees ; flowering now. S. a. prjsecox, an early form of the above sent out by Paul & Son, Cheshunt, is a fortnight earlier, but otherwise similar. S. a. primulina has larger flowers of a pleasing primrose- yellow. S. scardica, resembles media more than the above, forming distinct rosettes of short oblong acute leaves, white with calcareous secretions. The margins with from 9—15 pits. The short S30 mt: &Aii DENE US' cui^oNidLR [JlAtca 16, 1839. sturdy stems carry a corymbosp head of from 3—11 rosy-white flowers J inch in diameter. Mount Olympus ; Schar Uagh, &c. ; June and July. S. Rochdiana, together with the variety corio- phylla, are very common plants in the garden, very free flowering, and useful on exposed rockeries. The type form large patches of neat rosettes ; the leiives spatulate obtuse, glabrous, the margins 7—9 pitted; flower-stems numerous, bearing 3— 9 large pure white flowers. The variety differs chiefly in its smaller oblong obtuse leaves. S. marqinala. This pretty species was rein- troduced a few years ago by Mr. Maw, of Crocus fame, and the following year figured in the Botanical Maga:ine, t. Ii7ll2, from specimens collected on Mount Tiiygetus. We have also seen plants from Abruzz.i, in Italy, and the mountains abjve Araalfi, at 3500 feet elevation. It forms a dens:- cushion of mat rosette; the leaves obovate-cune.^te, and ob- tuse, usually ciliated at the base; flowers white, 5— 7 in a loose corymbose inflorescence. June. S. dHpoiioidcs is still a rare plant, though easily managed, and useful for sheltered nooks on the rockery. It forms a dense cushion of linear oblong obtuse leaves, the base ciliated, and the whole surface more or less crusted with lime; flower-stem corymbose, bearing 2 — 3 largish white flowers. Dauphiny, &c. ; June — July. S. squarrosa, habit somewhat like the above ; leaves denser, linear lanceolate, obtuse ; flowers white, 2—3 on a stem. Tyrol, &c. ; July— August. S. ciesiti is a very old species, and has been in cultivation for very many years. Of the very dwarf compact lot this is doubtless the best; the flowers are medium-sized, and are produced in great abund- ance ; leaves linear, oblong acute, in neat rosettes ; the corymbose inflorescence bearing 2~(i largish white flowers. Pyrenees, &c. ; June and July. S. valdcmis. There seem to be several forms of this species in cultivation, one of them pass- ing current as S. ciiosia major. It is a fine plant for the rockery, soon covering large areas, and pro- pajated by division with great facility ; leaves nar- row, spathulate, obtuse, almost white with calcareous crust; inflorescence corymbose, bearing G— 10 pretty white flowers. Mont Cenis ; July. 3, Tomheaneiisis h.as somewhat the habit of S. diapensioides, with larger flowers and more robust habit. The erect stems rarely exceed 3— t inches in height, bearing 1—3 large pure white flowers ; leaves ovate lanceolate. S. Tyrol, &c. ; April— May. S. Burscriana is too well known to need detailing at any length. It is perh.aps the most useful of the whole group. It is amongst the earliest to flower, its large white flowers being alw.ays a welcome sight in early spring. (See fig. 63, p. 333.) Others of this section in cultivation are the well known S. sancta, yellow ; S. juniperifolia, yellowish ; S. pseudo-sancta, citron-yellow ; and S. imbricata, lioyle, whitish with violet anthers. The FoupnvinoN vinoui'. This group includes all those nearly related to S. oppositifolia, such as S. biflor,% retusa, &c., all of which are of the greatest possible interest for the adornment of the rock garden in early spring. The cultivation of the oppositifolia set is not so easy as it appears to be, and many experiments will have to be made before all that the plants are capable of doing will be brought out. AVe have tried them in all kinds of places, and the strongest and best flowering piece we have is on a small rockery with a western exposure. The great secret is a cool bot- tom, minus the usual accompaniment of stagnant moisture, and, in consequence, our plants are always placed several feet above the walk level, and as near large stones if possible. S. oppoeitifolia has been largely imported of late years, and many fine varieties selected ; these have been given such varietal names as maxima, splendens, pyrenaica (lig. (54 ), alba, &c., all of exceptional merit for spring decoration. S, Budclfhiaiia is I'laccd as a variety by Dr. Engler, and may be readily recognised by its shorter stems, more dense habit, nearly orbicular 3 — 5 nerved petals, the whole plant glandular ciliated. High Alps, Tyrol, &c., flowering April. Two other forms are named by Dr. Engler — alternifolia and grandifiora ; but we have not seen them in gardens. *S'. hijlura is very rare, and we only seen a few specimens alive. It differs chiefly in its narrow lan- ceolate 3-nerved petals, and more numerous deep violet- purple flowers. It grows in the granitic regions of the Alps, flowering iu June and July. 6'. retitsa, of which specimens were on the exhibi- tion table on Tuesday, is a beauty of another stamp, and equally useful in its way, with long, lanceolate- triangular leaves, 3—5 pitted on the upper surface ; the ll'jwers, are numerous, rich purple. Pyrenees, &c. ; June and July. The only hybrids in this group are Kiohii and Huteri both between oppositifolia and biflora. TiiK HiHCDLus Group. The species in cultivation belonging to this group are essentially aquatic in their requirements, and although they may do well in shady spots, they are always seen at their best in a bog or other marshy situation. S. Ilirculus itself is well known, but is quite surpassed by the variety grandiflora introduced from Kew a few years ago. The flowers are much larger than the type, and of a rich yellow. In addition to this, S. diversifolia may he noted. It is a Himalayan species, the flowers rich yellow, over an inch in diameter, and very easily managed. It flowers in August and September. To the above maybe added S. ai/.oides, though belonging to another group ; it requires the aquatic treatment and forms a lovely patch from June to August. S. peltata is a very fine species, but requires so much room for development, as to be unsuitable for small gardens. The AsPEttA Group. TrachyphvUum of Engler's monograph contains, besides Ai/.oides, only five species cultivated in gardens — S. ilagellaris, aspera, tricuspidata, tenella, and bronchialis, none of the latter four being worth troubling about unless for complete collections. S. flagellaris, a curious and very pretty little species, does not seem to be more than a biennial, repro- ducing itself by small Sl^rawberry-like runners, which root and form independent plants for the next year's flowering. It is widely distributed over Europe, Himalayas, &c. Flowers yellow. EuAIZOONIA. This group, next to Dactyloides, is the best repre- sented in gardens, and perhaps, as a whole, the most generally useful. It includes .S. longifolia, lingulata, crustata, ilostii and its variety Macuabiana.allissimn, aizoon, of which there are numerous good forms ; cotyledon (pyramidalis, &c.), and mutata. These form a section of dw.arf alpines that can ill be dis- pensed with, however small the collection may be, and p.irticularly in the case of pyramidalis, which may be grown in a cold frame [and also on the lockei-y]. Its great beauty is unrivalled by any in the genus. The Dactyloides, Robertsonia, Diptera, sec- tions are well represented in good collections ; the former includes most of the mossy species, of which S. C.amposii (Wallacei), cajspitosa, and hypnoides may be taken as types, and which are very useful for rockeries and borders, the two first being specially adapted for edgings. The second group includes London Pride (S. urabrosa), S. geum, and S. cuneifolia, all of which are well known. Dip- tera includes sarmentosa, Fortunei, cuscutiformis (Hg. CO), and cortusaifolia, charming plants, but requiring .slight protection. Other groups repre- sented in cultivation are Cymbaliiria, tridactylites, nephrophyllum (S. granulata, irrigua, &c.), Micro- petalum (S. rotundifoliaand its varieties), Boraphila (S. stellaris, Clusii, virginiensis, integrifolia. Sic), the latter group especially being largely represented, and many of the species of rare merit. /*, D, New or Noteworthy Plants. IRIS (Sect. OXOOCVCLUS) ATROPUR- PUREA, n. ep.* Tuts new species of Oncocylus has been imported from Syria in some quantity by Mesi=irs. Daraman & Co, of Naples. In leaf, habit, and inflorescence it closely resembles I. Sari var. luriJa, Bof, Mat/., t. (iUGO, but the segments of both rows are a uniform unspotted purplish-black, the outer more decidedly sm:\ller than the inner, and furnished with a thick, dirt'used beard down the broal claw of yellow hairs, minutely tipped with purplish-black. From the living plants forwarded by Messrs. Daniman, roots have been obtained for growth at Kew, a specimen for the Herbarium, and a coloured drawing for the Collection of Drawings. Uootstock moderately stout, oblique, furnished with long, lleshy, cylindrical fibres. Ltaves linear, glaiicescent, filcate, S foot long at the flowering time. Stem one-headed, erect, 4—5 inches long. Spathe one-flowered ; outer valves green, erect, lanceolate, 3 inches long. Perianth-tube green, cylindrical, longer than the ovary; falls oblong- cuneate, 2 inches long, 1,} inch broad, with a short unspotted, purpli->h-blatk limli. and a dense diffused beard down the broad claw of yellow hairs, tipped with purplish-black ; standards orbicular-unguiculate, erect, 3 inches long. 2 inches broad, also unspotted, purplish-biack. Style-branches an inch long; crests small, ovate. J. G. Baker. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. -• — - PLEUROTHALLIS UOEZLII. A spEciMKN of this handsome and rare specirs is now in flower in Messrs. Seeger & Tropp's nursery, Lordship Lane, Last Dulwich. It has an arching spike of drooping rich claret-red flowers, each flower over an inch in h-ngth, and an oblong form — a singular and striking plant. There are many among tlie Pleurothaili quite decorative enough for ordinary culture, and all are beautiful when seen in a mass. Many of them are not inferior in beauty to some of the Masdevallias which have been so eagerly taken into collections, and their turn will doubtless come in time. CaTTLKTA LlNDLEYANA. Very few examples of this distinct species have ever been in cultivation and consequently it is not well known. From a horticultural point of view, however, it is one of the Cattleyas that could best be spared, as its flowers, although pretty, are neither so large nor so showy as most others in the genus. It is figured at t, 5."tiU in the V'>(avi'-,jl. Ma.(ja:inc, and a healthy plant is now flowering at Kpw. The flowers are 4 inches across, with narrow sepals and petals, usually of a pinkish-white, but in the Kew plant they are irregularly spotted with bright rosy-purple. The lip is broad and spreading, the base enclosing the column ; it is blush-white, marked with rose- coloured radiating veins. The scapes bear one or two flowers. In the Botanical Maga::ine it is stated that the plant was received from Bfthia, but, as is pointed out in Vcitch's Manual^ it was probably only shipped from there, and most likely grows in the more central parts of Brazil W.B. Phal.t.nopsis at Hutton Park, Bubntwood. These thrive admirably in the Cattleya house of G. H. Baxter, Esq., which is a light span-roofed structure, about 50 feet in length, and which runs north and south. The plants are grown in baskets * fris {Onrori/chfs) ntropurpwea, n. sp. — Rhizomnto obliqiio. foliis lincaribus falcntis glaiicescentibiis ; caule monoco|>linlo semipednli ; spiithre valvis magnis laiiccoliitis ; perinnthii tiil'O ryliiidriato viridulo ovario loiiRiori, limbo r.tropurpurco iin- mucuhtto ; ^iejiniftitis extorioribus miiioribu'i obIiingu-rnin?ati« biirbii diffusa liitea nigro-cnpitata prtcditif. interioribus coii- coloribus orbinilari-unmiiculatis ; ^tyli rnmi« (»ppendirih"9 parvis ovati«. J. G. B. MAttcH IC, 1889.] TSS GAiibENEBS' ClttiOi^tOL^. S31 sasp-'iiiled near tli' riol ; anil the prcspiice of a large rain-water tank in tlie house explains much of the success attending the culture of these plants. One fine example of Phala'nopsis Schilleriana bears V2C) expanded flowers of large size. Many others, viz., P. aniabilis, P. Sanderinna, and P. Schilleriana, are almost as good as the above. A handsonie marbled variety of the last-named, from the Philbrick collection, was superb. There is also a line display of Cattloyas and other Orchids ; and most things seem to thrive in a marvellous degree. It is needless to say that the Cattleya-hnuse con- t^iining the Phalwnopsis is carefully shaded. BROrCHTONIA LUACINA. This pretty and interesting Orchid is now in flower at Kew. It is the Ladiopsis domingensis of Lindley, of which a rigure is given in Paxton's Flower Garden, t. lOj, and its aflinity with Broughtonia, Cattleya, L:vlia, and Epidcndrum, is discussed: — " A Cattleya in all respects, except that the flowers are mem- branous, and the veins of the lip bearded." It has only four pollen masses, otherwise it might have been included in Livlia. llenfrey described it in the GartlfHTti' Mar/ft:iihc under the name preferred now at Kew, the slight diflerence between it and the other three or four Broughtonias being insufficient to constitute a genus. The late Mr. Day grew and flowered it at Tottenham a few years ago, his plant having larger pseudobulbs than those on the Kew plant, which are much larger than those represented in Paxton's figure here referred to. These pseu- dobulbs OR the Kew specimen are ovate, '2 inches long, irregularly ridged, with two apical oblong leathery leaves, 8 inches long, and H inch wide. The scape springs from the top of the ripened pseu- dobulb, and is a foot long, erect, slender, with small brown sheaths 2 inches apart, and nine flowers, which are clustered on the topmost 2 inches. The pedicels are 1 inch long, slightly curved, the sepals narrow, pointed, 1 inch long, the petals twice as broad ; the lip is folded 1 inch across in front, two-lobed, wavy, and slightly denticulate, the marginsrecurved. Colour rosy-lilac, with darker lines running from the front to the base of the lip, white inside. The plant has been in bloom a fortnight, and the flowers are still fresh. It is cultivated on a Teak block in a moist stove. According to Paxton, this species was first found on trees in St. Domingo, and again on Logwood trees in woods near Miragoane. The Kew specimen was obtained from the Jamaica Botanic Gardens. W. JVatson. MlLTOXIA CUXEATA. Like the other species of Miltonia, the flowers of this are very handsome, and the foliage has not that yellow tinge which many regard as a disadvantage in the spectabilis gronp. It is also one of the most easily grown. During the growing season it delights in abundant moisture at the root and in the atino- sphere. It should be potted in a compost of peat- fibre, sphagnum, and soft broken brick, and occupy a position in the intermediate-house. The erect apikes of six to ten flowers begin to push from the base of the pseudobulbs about the new year, and are in full beauty about the end of February. The flowers are 3 to 4 inches across, with the spreading yellow sepals and petals nearly covered with blotches of reddish-brown, against which the rosy-tinted white of the wedge-shaped lip forms a most effec- tive contrast. The vigorous habit of the plant, and its green foliage, render healthy specimens present- able at all times. It was introduced from Brazil in 1843. SABCOcniLrs rsxEoioEs. Two Tery pretty species of Sarcochili — S. Fitz- geraldii and S. Hartmannii — although far from com- mon under cultivation, are occasionally met with in select collections. Of quite a different habit is the species under notice, of which a number of plants were imported in 18S7, and which last year flowered in several places, amongst others at Kew, where it is again in bloom. It proves to be a pretty and free flowering little Orchid, and as far as may be judged at present — an easily grown one. The flowersi whii'h are borne thickly on spikes 4 or 5 inches long, measure half an inch in diameter, and are yellow, spotted with brown, all the parts being broad and rounded. It is not, as has been suggested, a leafless Orchid, for it produces lance-shapf'd purplish leaves in the spring, which, however, die away in a few weeks. A feature of the plant is the abundance of roots it forms. In a wild stale it clings by these to the smaller branches of trees, but under cultivation it succeeds best in a basket of spliagnuni, and reriuires an intermediate temperature. Miis. AunuTiiKor's OfiCUiDS. A t\ni:- display of Orchids in flower is now to be seen at Jlrs. Arbuthnot's garden, Bexley, amongst which were noticed a iilisnt of Dendrobium Dtvoni- anum, with sepals and petals very highly coloured ; another of D. crassinode, with ninety-s€ven flowers; one of D. Wardianum, with ll.'i flowers, and another with monster flowers A plant of D. barbatulum was furnished with three racemes having 104 of its lovely flowers. It grew in a 4-inch basket. Ladia harpophylla, with numerous bright, orange-vermilion flowers, was most effective. Odontoglossum crispum and Cattleya Triamc were in great variety, and well flowered. Mr. Mitchell, the gardener, manages the orchids in a skilful manner. J. Carvill. THE EDUCATTOX OF THE UAKDEXEU. We are so accustomed to hear of the shortcomings of our gardeners, and to find in gardening literature unfavourable comparisons made between them and their Continental confreres, that it was quite refresh- ing to read Dr. J. E. Weiss' jeremiad in a recent issue of tl-e Illuslricrte Monatshcffe fur die Gcsammt Infcrcsscn dc^ Garten Bancs concerning the general want of knowledge exhibited by the craft in the German Kmpire, and the steps which should be taken to correct this state of things, together with a curriculum of suitilde studies. It is supposed by many persons in tiiis country that the German gar- dener of the present day is greatly in advance of the Englishmen in scientific acquirements, but it would now appear that this impression is an erroneous one, and that, taken generally, he is not much better, if not worse, than our own countiwman. In practice, that is as a mere workman, whether we judge him by the quality of his work or the quantity which he is capable of supplyiug from his thews and sin^-ws, he is decidedly behind the latter; and now Di-. Weiss caps his charge by declaring him to be scantily etjuipped with scientific know- l»^d;;p. We must now take heart of grace and try to keep our position, for there is Utile room for dtniht that when the Vr/i/srher iias had his short- comings so pointedly brought home to him as is done by Dr. Weiss, he will endeavour by all the meauo in his power to head his rivals— the French, English, Dutch, and Belgian gardeners. In the article mentioned there are various reasons given why German gardening stands at the present day at a low level, and foremost amongst these are want of internal communications, scarcity of money to cultivate the land as it demands in successful gardening, good soil for the same purpose, and Ia5tly, suitable persons to carry on such business — most of the persons following it being educated in a practical manner, but not scientifically. The course of study recommended by Dr. Weiss is, with certain differences due to school arrangements peculiar to the country, very similar to that which has been from time to time advocated in the columns of the Gardeners' Chronicle. The entrance to the proposed horticultural schools, would take place at the age of fourteen to sixteen years, that is, after the boys had completed three to five classes in the Latinschule. Before that age few boys would be capable of under- going the scientific discipline of the school. A certain acquaintance with Latin is demanded ; the principles of chemistry, of physics, a knowledge of soils, zoology so far as to diagno.se the various and numerous enemies of cultivated plants. Besides these subjects the student should acquire a knowledge of accounts, nnd learn how account-books are kept. He mn^t know how to lay out grounds, large or small, in a ta^trful manm'r, and draw plana for the same; a knowledge of two foreign languages is desirable (in the case of German lads, French, and English). It will be seen from the above that the course of study must be extended to at least three years, and after that time the student has still to be taught the practical part of a gardeners' business. For nurservmen and others likely to fill the front ranks of horticulture in our country such ]irotracted studies may be necessary, it they are not really in- dispensable ; but for the ordinary gardener who, ot the best, may get a .€100 a year as wages, and often has to be content witii half that sum. the game is not worth the candle. Nor will many parents spend so much money on tlit-ir sons' training as the whole course will cost (without reckoning the previous schooling), when the chances of getting even a bare livelihood are so meagre as at present. Much better prospects await the boy in other occupations, and with far less special training and its inevitable expense. One Who Knows, American Notes. HOSE GROWING AND FORCtXG. Thk American States, in which are found the most advancement in hurticuUure, are undoubtedly New Yorlc and New Jersey, the former, jierhnjis, taldng precedence. New York city is assuredly the largest market for cut flowers, of which the Kose heads the list, it being found there from year's end to year's end, fabulous prices being paid for the blooms during the Christmas season. It is somewhat curious to note that there is no "Covent Garden" in America (a fact much lamented by the producer), the whole of the stock being placed in the hands of a few commission salesmen, who, at such times as Christmas continue to keep up high prices whenever an opportunity presents itself, which oftimes places the middleman in an awkward position, as the retail customers also combine too, and leave him with a quantity of the perishabln article unsold. The main objects of the grower, and ttiat which he strives ift attain, are economy in production, size, and colour of blooms, and good prices. The Henderson Company (late .John Henderson) of Long Island, New Vork State, is one of the largest growers of the Hose for cut blooms, and it was through tlie courtesy of the manager that we were permitted to view this part of their nursery. Flushing is a small country town, about 12 miles north of New Vork city, and it is here that the thirty-seven houses, ranging from lUO to .^Ull feet in length, are situated, the whole being devoted to the growing of Roses. These are built in the American style, and heated with hot-water, with benches or stages for the plants, of various heights, all being so arranged that they stand at about an equal distance from the glass, and are ensured the utmost amount of light. The following is a list of the few varieties of Teas and Perpetuals which have been tried and proven as to their amenability, to forcing, and in regard to their value when sold. Perpetuals are a specialty in this nursery, and are grown as well as possible : — Teas. — I'erle des .Jardins, Niphetos, Cornelia Cook, Catherine Mermet, Souvenir d'un Ami, La France, W. F. Bennett, Papa Gontier, Madame de Watteville, LadySIary. Perpctiiah. — Jacques, General Jacqueminot, Paul Neron, Baroness Rothschild (or Gloire de Paris), Anna de Diesbach, Mabel Morrison, Magna Charta, Ulrich Brunner, Madame Luizet, Mrs. Sikes Laing. American Beauty and Mareci.al Niel are not much grown, and on enquiring the reason, we were told that while they were able to force such Koees m 332 THE GARDENERS' CHROKlCLE. t^AHtH 16, 1889. Ulrich Brunner and Magna Charta, the Beauty had no value, although the majority of growers give it preference owing to the high prices which it realises. Marechal Niel is rarely seen in the market, and is but little grown, owing to the 8hy flowering habit which characterises it here. Papa Gontier is a Rose of French origin, and was introduced by the Company, and one of the fashion- able Tfa Roses. It is a charming flower, with long pointed buds of glowing carmine-crimson colour, and which are of good substance. It has the reputation of keeping longer when cut than any other Rose. Although this is one of the largest Rose-growing establishments, there are nnt more than twenty men employed to do the work, which must necessarily be very heavy. To give some idea of the magnitude of the business, we may state that two men are solely employed in cutting the blooms, which, when cut, are placed at once in cool cellars, where they remain till the next morning before being sent to market. In answer to my queries, the following answers were given : — Do you tind by experience that plant- ing out in shallow benches is superior to growing in pots ? — Yes, for the reason that it is a saving of labour, and is more economical, and the plants have a better chance of forming roots. How many plants does a house, say, 200 feet long contain? — About 2500. What is the average produce of one plant, taking Teas and Rerpetuals ? — From fifteen to twenty. And the average price obtained for them? — From 50 to 75 cents apiece. Then, undoubtedly, Rose forcing pays? — Well, yes, in the end it does — considerably ; but there are many obstacles to con- tend with, and heavy expenses to meet. Do you advocate steam or hot-water heating ? — Decidedly steam — for which our houses were originally intended, but owing to some defect in the apparatus we abandoned it in favour of the hot-water system. It ensures a great saving of fuel, and the temperature can be more easily regulated. We noticed a new white Rose of robust habit, but the flowers nowhere approached in quality a Niphetoa or a Bride. This Rose originated here, and is a sport from Souvenir d'un Ami, and was named Flushing; but it was never sent out. A climbing sport from Perle des Jardins will prove an acquisition if it flower as freely as does its parent. As a few remarks concerning the treatment of forced Roses may afford an insight into new methods, I will endeavour to give in these a brief outline. It must be understood, in the first instance, that when the plants are grown on what is termed the " bench " system, they are thrown away every year, and the beds planted wiih others, but I was told that a bed of Perle des Jardins— Perles, as they are called — had been left for five years ; but it is rare to leave the plants so long, it having been proved that young plants give most returns as regards the number of the flowers and better colours. The Tea-scented Roses are either grown from cuttings or are worked on the Manetti, but the former is preferred. The perpetuals are invariably from England, and I may state without hesitation that there is a splendid market here for the grower of really good stuflf, which is not always the case with importations, some of which were IndiflTerent. For those grown from cuttings the wood is selected during the month of January from tlie plants which have served their turn, and are soon to be thrown away. To be perfection it must not snap when bent. The shoots are cut into 3-inch lengths, and between two buds in a slanting direction, one leaf being left; and if in any case this is lost the cutting will scarcely ever make a good plant, and will most likely die. These are placed in the propagating- house in pure sand, which is kept at a temperature of 60°. In three weeks they are rooted, when they are potted, repotting being carried out until June, when they are placed on the raised benches which have been prepared to the depth of 5 inches only with good loam and rotted manure (in some cases bone-dust is added), in lines 1 foot apart, the dis- tance between the plants being immaterial — 6 inches in some cases : planting diagonally is not advocated here, as the facilities of cleaning, &c., are not so good ; they are then kept constantly growing in a temperature of 55°. Watering is done sparingly at first, as the moisture from syringing is sufficient, and liquid manure is afforded when the beds are full of roots, not sooner. The greatest plagues to the Rose forcer are mildew and aphis ; the former is kept down hy means of sulphur, as in England ; the latter by the use of tobacco stems or cigar manufacturers' refuse, which can be bought at the nominal price of 1 cent per pound; these are either tied in small bundles and laid on the benches or strewn in the jiaths, being renewed from time to time as the good qualities evaporate. We have never seen this form of Tobacco used in England, but it may be recommended as decidedly more economical than fumigation, and as effective. John Reid, of Jersey, City Heights, U.S., is another large Rose grower, possessing a well-kept establishment, comprising many thousand feet of glass. All the choice forcing Roses are grown, including American Beauty, La France, and the malpractices followed in regard to them, it may be supposed that the wrong treatment adopted is due to a belief in their hardihood. For example, seeds will lie in the ground during our winters, and ger- minate in the spring, occasionally growing into plants and blooming in the following summer; and because it is possible to sow them in sunny aspects, with the result that in fine seasons a meagre display is obtained. But Portulacas are not to be relied on under this kind of treatment, and it is unnecessary to follow the subject. Another mistaken practice is to sow the seeds in pans or boxes, the seedlings to be transplanted straight from thence into the open borders, although in a favourable season, and with good treatment, a good display sometimes result. To achieve success in their culture, however, the minute seeds should be sown in fine sandy soil in March, putting the seeds into a moderately warm pit or frame. When large enough to be handled prick out the seedlings into well crocked shallow pans or i'lO. 62. — SAXIFBAGA MWVEANA. pretty Madame Cusin, which is one of those pushing to the fore. Besides Koses Mr. Beid forces bulhs and Lily of the Valley, to which some twenty houses are devoted. Narcissus and Tulips are his specialties. Smilax Asparagus is grown largely for the New York market, and several houses were allotted to the above. It is grown in beds and trailed to the roof on strings. In one house there were noted some 2000 plants. It realises from 15 to 20 cents a string. Several houses are allotted for Carnations, the following varieties being grown : — Hintze's White, Grace Wilder, Philadelphia, &c. From our Kcw York Correspondent. THE PORTULACA. Portulacas, when well grown upon sunny borders, are, probably, not inferior in jilfasing effect to any other plants. Though easily grown, the plants are rarely st^en at their best, and for no valid reason they have been pushed aside to make way for other less beautiful plants. Reverting to the culture of these plants, and the boxes of sandy soil, and place them in a sunny frame or the greenhouse. When the young plants begin to grow and to crowd each other they should lie potted in thumb-sized pots, keeping them still in the sunny frame until about the first week in June, when they may i^e planted out. Probably Portu- lacas have most beauty when planted in rows, a few inches apart, so as to give a wide band of colour. A dry soil suits them ; and when they are to be planted in clumps in mixed borders, small hillocks of sandy soil should be prepared for their reception, taking care that these are trodden firm before planting, besides making the soil firm about the roots. It is advisable to give the plants no water, the moisture in the soil sufficing for their needs. By this means an early and continued summer show may be assured. Portulacas are suitable for the margins of vases for window boxes and rockeries, &c., although they are rarely utilized in that way. One fact remains to be added in favour of these plants, and that is, they generally come true to colour from seeds, however much the quality of blooms may vary, W, Earley, Iljord. Mabch 1Q. 1889.] THE GARDENEB8' GIinONICLE. 833 Colonial Notes. BOTANIC GARDENS, MARITZBURG, NATAL. >rn. Adlam, a valued correepondent, has bei^n appointed as Curator of the above Institution, and from his intelligence and energy is likely to rendtr good service to horticulture and botany. The JIaritzburg Botanii*. Gardens were first enclosed and planted in 1874, and are 100 acres in extent, situate in the Zwartkop Valley, 2 miles from town. The site is very diversified, consisting of a gently sloping piece of ground in extent about 30 acres, whicii is watered by two perennial moun- tain streams, the remainder consisting of a steep hillside rising to a height of some 300 feet above the rest of the garden, the sides of which are being plan.ed with Pinus insignis, Acacias. &c. The local temperature is frequently over 80° in the shade during summer, and sinks to 3° and ■i° of frost in ttate of repair, and not a glass frame of any kind ! The collections of Ferns, Ileatiis, Begonias, Fuchsias, Orchids, Caladiunis, Carnations, Palms, Cannas, Rhododendrons, Cacti, Dracaenas, Crotons, and Coleua do not exist, and the Curator ventures to ask his friends' help to collect the above-named plants wliich lie stands so mucJi in need of. There is very much to be done, and the institu- tion in some sort is like St. Edmund's Abbey when Abbot Sampson was installed {vide Carlyle). It may be added that the Government grant ia only £3r)0. and the public subscription list for last year only £28. Few plants are sold, but a considerable number of young trees are granted free to the railway and other Government institutions. OODEYPOttE. The annual report of the garden of H.II. the Maharana for 1888 has been issued. It is a record of steady progress, and aO'ords evidence that the Fig. 63. — saxifeaua burseriana vah. major, (skk p. 330.) the winter— severe enough to cut back Brugmansia auaveolens. The lower part of the garden is about 2300 feet above the sea, and is planted with a selection of trees and shrubs which, considering their age — none over seventeen years — it would be difficult to match elsewhere for vigour and size. Taking the girth of a few of the largest at 5 feet from the ground we find Casuarina tenuissima to be 5 feet 3 inches ; Acacia dealbata, 7 feet; A. melanoxylon, 4 feet; Capressus macrocarpa, 5 feet ; Pinna canariensis, 4 feet ; P. pinaster, 4 feet ; P. insignis, 5 feet 6 inches ; GreviUea robusta, 3 feet 9 inches; Cupressus Law- Boniana, 3 feet ; Eucalyptus globulus, 5 feet 6 inches ; all in fine health. There is a fair collection of flowering shrubs. Azalea indica vara., and double Camellia 8 feet high and half as much through. Large bushes of Lagerstrdmia indica vara., Gardenia florida, Oleanders, Brugmansias, Hydrangeas, Mag- nolias, and a large number of Tea and other Rosea, mostly antiquated varieties. Of glass-housea there is scarcely a vestige. The garden of the capital of Natal contains but one iron conservatory, 18 feet by 9 feet, in a wretched garden is appreciated by the inhabitants. The Date Palm has been introduced, and seems likely to thrive, while there is a good demand for grafted Mangos, Oranges, and Loquats. The Victoria regia grows to an immense size, and flowers freely. Of course no sooner do horticulturists feel their feet than they begin to think of a flower-show, and so we learn that the first show of the kind was held, with au encouraging amount of success, on February 23 and 24 last. Mr. Storey, the superintendent, may be congratulated on the success of his efforts. DOUBLE FLOWERS CAUSED BY MITES. A LARGE number of experiments has been carried out at Innsbruck by Professor Peyritsch, tending to show that double flowers may be artificially pro- duced by the agency of a mite (Phytoptus). It aeema that the Professor was examining a wild double flower of Valeriana tripteris, and discovered that it was infested with the mitea in question. He trftnsferred these mite; to oth^rpi^nta, chiefly of the orders Valerianacea; and Cruciferm, and a ffw Scro- phularineic, CDnunelynaceas, and even others, but the best results were obtained in the first-named. Various kinds of doubling were producnd. such aa petalody of the stamens and pistil, prolification and duplication of the corolla, &c., as well as torsions and fasciations of the shoot. The leaves were also affected, the margin showing teeth like those of a comb. By infecting the plant at different times either the leaves or the flowers may be influt-nced, and it appears that the parasite must attack thn organ in its earliest stages. Professor Peyritsch thinks that there are certain mites which produce double flowers in certain plants, as the mites in which he was par- ticularly interested were always most abundant in certain species and less so in others. The experi- ments are recorded in the Transactions of the Imperial Academy of J'ieniia.vol.xcvii., I., p. 597. The plants of Valerianaceio e.Kperimented upon include Vale- riana (twelve sp.), Valeriaoella (three sp.). Fedia, Centranthus (three sp.), Patrinea. Abnormal leaves were induced in ten species of Valeriana, all of the Valerianellas, two of Centranthus, and in Fedia. Double flowers were produced in Valeriana in six cases, three times in Centranthus, and once each in Fedia and Valerianella. Among the Crucifers Professor Peyritsch worked on Biscutella, Brassica nigra, Capsella bursa pastoris, Cochlearia officinalis Eruca, Lepidium, ^falcolraia (two sp.). and Sisym- brium Sophi.a. Various were the results ; in many of the cases (Cochlearia, Eruca, Lepidium. Sisymbrium, Bi'assica, Capsella) bracts were formed, resembling the leaves, but of smaller size; proliferous flowers were formed in Brassica and Biscutella; petalody of stamens occurred in Cochlearia and Eruca. In Linaria cymbalaria peloriate flowers and other changes were found. Professor Peyritsch says that the results are effec- tive or not according as the plant is a good host-plant f )r the mite — a good host-plant being quite crippled. Among the Valerians, those plants with their leaves were more easily affected than others with more substance. The Phytoptus infesting the buds of the Hazel, Corylus, and which causes malformations in it, was transferred to plants of Brassica, Sisymbrium, Cap- sella. and Myagrum. Bracts were, in consequence, developed in Sisymbrium, Capsella, and Myagrum, in which as in most Crucifers, the bracts are generally wanting ; and in the last-named double flowers. Bellis perennisgave the same results when infected by the mites from Valeriana, Campanula, or Corylus — viz., the production of very hairy leaves but not toothed, the disc florets ^een, and the involucral bracts elongated. It was observed that after infection growth in length was slow, but lateral bud development was accelerated unless other abnormalities appeared, l/do Daintner, Berlin. Plant Notes. COBURGIA INCARNATA VAR, TRICHROMA. The Coburgias are not common in garden?, and even where cultivated they do not often flower. At Kewseveral species have flowered recently, the above- named being now nicely in flower in the Cape plant- house. The bulbs and foliage resemble those of the smaller Hippeastrum, and the scape, which ia developed along with the new leaves after the winter rest is 18 inches long, hollow, two-edged, and about 1 inch through. It bears an umbel of six flowers which when in bud are enclosed in dark green spathe- valves. Each flower is 3 inches long, the tube curved, widening gradually from a narrow base, and then dividing into six oblong pointed segments which open out fiat and form a limb 1.} inch across. The colour of the whole flower is bright salmon-red with a broad green stripe on the back of each segment and two green stripes on the front. The flowers remain fresh for a long time. This is one of the best of the Coburgias, though all of them are worth growing. It was introduced from lima in 1S38, and was described by Dean Herbert who wrote, " The true S34 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [March 16, 1689. Coburgias are shy flowerers with us, and also in their native country, having a great disposition to waste their stren|9;th iu producing offsets. They like strong alluvial and manured soil, and are often found wild on inaccessible rocks, on the ed^^e of a precipice, and Bometimes deeply inbedded in the drift soil." The species cultivated at Kew are C. fulva, C. iiicarnata, and its varieties trichroma and peruviana; C.lineata and C. luteo-viride, with several unnamed kinds. They are treated as for Illppeastrums, except that during summer they are kept in a sunny greenhouse, and in winter rested in a dry house where the tem- perature does not full belov/ 45°. In February they are removed into a warmer house and watered. They are repotted if necessary in February, and all the small offset bulbs are removed, single bulbs proving the most likely to bloom. Mr. Baker reduces Coburgia to Stenomessun. W. IVatson, PlNGDlCULA CAUDATA. This Mexican species is the finest known repre- sentative of a small genus of stemless heibaceous plants (Butterworts) belonging to the Lentibu]ariacea3, a group of plants characterised by bearing close above the roots a tuft of leaves of membranous texture, in- curved at the edges, and {greasy to the touch. The colours of the flowers vary in different plants from light to a very deep pink, and these blooms are solitary upon leaflessstems ofaboutO inches in height. This interest- ing plant merits a position in every garden, and is one which should be more commonly grown, inasmuch as the individual flower lasts several weeks in perfection, and the flowering stage of the plant lasts over a con- siderable period. It is of easy culture, succeediog well in a cool-house, if given a plentiful supply of water. It should be potted in a compost made of equal parts of peat, loam, and leaf-mould, with a pinch of eilver-sand added to these. F. Athlon. TABLE DECORATIONS. At the present time ornamental foliage plants are extensively employed in all kinds of decorative work. The most effective way of setting up foliage plants for table and other indoor decoration is to stand the pots in shallow dishes or trays (these may be about 10 or 12 inches across), then form a groundwork by embedding the pot iu moss, and if the moss is not fresh and of good colour, Selaginella denticulatamay be used to cover it. The moss should be well moistened and pressed fairly firm ; it should be worked up so as to entirely cover the pots, and in this a few flowers and foliage may be arranged. It will require a sharp-pointed stick to make holes for the flower-stems, and when properly managed the flowers will stand up well, and a light and elegant arrangement may be made with but very little mate- rial. Where several stands are used for a table, a distinct colour may be used for each. Cyperus alternifolius isa useful plant forthiskind of arrange- ment, especially for such flowers as Daffodils, Lily of the Valley, Tulips, &c., and the moisture required to keep the flowers fresh will not be injurious to the plants. Many other plants may be used for the same purpose, with equal effect, but in the case of choicer plants, they should not be allowed to remain in the wet moss too long. Of Palms, Cocos Weddelliana, Geonoma gracilis, Eutt^rpe edulis, and Areca lutescens are some of the most effective. The Kentias are rather too heavy, except where large jdanls are required. Aralia Veitchii. A. V. gracilliina, A. leptophylla, and the beautiful A. clcgantissima are all among the most elegant of table ])Iants, and if properly cared for, the same i>Iants will do service for a considerable time. The gieat ])oint is to avuid u.sing tliem in cold, draughty jiositions. Casuarina equisetilolia is al^o very pretty. Of hardier i>lants, Grevillea robusta and Dracaina indivisa may be recommended. For plants with colouied foliage, such as Crotona, Dracrenas, &,c., small Ferns may be bedded in the mods. Instead of u.9iDg flowers, cut foliage of various kinds may also be used with great effect. In arranging plants and flowers together, as recom- mended above, one great advantage is that it does away with expensive pot stands, which are not always elegant, whereas an ordinary flat dish or tray may be used with moss, and, when properly done, the stand will be entirely covered by moss, foliage, and flowers, //. Plants and Their Culture. Basket Plants. — Many species and varieties of Ferns make beautiful objects when planted in baskets, and to grow them in such receptacles shade and abundance of moisture are wanted. Weak growers will not require large baskets, and quite small ones will answer for species of Adiautum, of which amabile is a type. This species grows quickly, soon covering the sides. D^va'lias are also nice basket Ferns, which grow with freedom ; ]-). bullata, D. dissecta, D. elegans, D. Mariesii, Yi. cauariensis are some of the best for this purpose. Phitycerium alcicorne is a useful plant, as is P. grande, but it requires more warmth than the former. For very large baskets the Goniophlebiums are very eflective ; also the beautiful Woodwardia radicans, when plenty of space can be given to it. Many other species of Ferns will grow equally as well as those named, and are t-fffctive in basktts. All Ferns should be put into their baskets as soon as possible ; those having creeping stolons should be kept pegged or otherwise secured to the outsides of the baskets. Do not let any I'Vrns in baskets become dry, and most of those era- l>Iuyed will take copious supplies of water when the soil is tilled with their roots. When large baske-ts are made use of other plants look pretty when grown in them, such as Thunbergia alata, Clitoria ternata, and Maurandya Barclayana. Seeds of these plants should be sown early, so that strong plants in pots can be transferred to the baskets before they are made use of in greenhouse or conservatory. Convolvulus mauiitanicus is a very attractive basket plant for a cool conservatory, the flowers lasting a long time if the plant be well treated. It produces a long succes- sion of its light blue flowers. Torenia Baillonii and T. Fournerii may also be sown or propagated from cuttings for basket furnishing. These plants require a warm bouse in the early stages of their growth, and rather small baskets. The Work in the Stove. — Potting, cleansing, and rearranging the inmates should now be brought to a close, when a slight rise in tlie temperature may be made— 65*^ by night and 15° to '20° higher by day during mild weather, being suthcient if the houses have been kept at the minimum point during the winter. In the use of top ventilation much caution must be exercised, and the houses kept closer to encourage the plants to grow. The shading blinds should now be put into their places, and these will be found useful as a means of keeping the houses at a steady temperature during frosty nights, and will be wanted shortly for shading during strong bursts of sunshine. The stock of Selaginella deuticulata may now be increased, and small pots and pans of the plant are always useful. Cuttings of Gymnostachya Pearcei and Fittonia argyroneura, Tradescantias, Panicum variegatum and P. sulcatum, and Ficus repens should be propagated, as all these trailing and graceful plants will be found serviceable in many ways. The early sown Gloxinias will now be ready to prick off, using in the pans a rich light sandy compost. The plants should be placed near the light to )»revent drawing. Plants of Cissus dis- color may now be pruned-in and allowed to break treely before being repotted or top-dressed. Cuttings will strike readily if taken from the parent-plant with a heel attached. Pitcher-plants are often grown in baskets in the stove, and any old plants requiring it should be shifted, and any which have become leggy may be cut down and induced to form new roots by giving the plants bottom-heat. The pieces ot old stems may be rooted in a brisk bottom-heat. Young jihints should he top-dressed. Cuttings of Thyrsacuulhus rutilaus may be propagated when cuttings can be procured, putting them in a light sandy soil in small jiots. Scale is a great enemy to the jtlant, and soon dis- figure it if the leaves be not frequently sponged. The plants when potted from the cutting pot should be potted into 3-inch pots, finally sliifting them into 5-inch, and plunging them in a mild bottom-heat till the pots become full of roots, and always keeping the plants near to the glass. In giving the plants their final shifc, a large proportion of ioam, and a small quantity of well-decomposed cow-manure, should be found in the compost. Hints for the Greenhouse. — A sowing of Primula sinensis should now be made for early autumn flowering, also a small sowing of Cockscombs and Celosias in a hotbed frame, and some seeds of Gom- phrena globosa (Globe Amaranth) for conservatory decoration during the summer. ImpatiensSultani may now be sown, giving the plants plenty of heat and moisture through the earlier stage of its growth ; the same remark applies to Balsams and Petunias if grown from seed. If a good variety of Petunias has been ke[)t for stock— which is the best plan, and cuttings have been struck, the old jdants may be thrown away. Libonias, Salvias, Solanum capsicatum, Tree Carnati(»ns, and Bouvardias, and other winter-blooming ]ilauts, bliould be propagated. The early struck Fuchsias, if ready to pot off into small pots, may be grown on quickly. Shade the young plants when potted, not allowing them to droop. The old plants may be shaken out, repotted, and kept close till they bre.ak, when they may be cut back. The hist shift should be given to IVlargoniums and herbaceous Calceo- larias ; those intended to flower late should be stopped for the last time, and tied out neatly. A few of the best varieties of (\clamen should be picked out and placed on a shelf, and have their blooms fertilised, if seed be required, allowing half- a-dozen or fewer blooms to remain on each plant. Primulas required for the same i)urpose should also be placed in a dry position, and somewhat reducing the trusses in size. Plants of Cinerarias wanted for late blooming should be placed in a pit facing north, to retard them, liquid manure being frequently aflorded them. The stock of tuberous-rooted Begonias should now be started in an intermediate-houseorpit ; these plants should never be given much heat or long weakly shoots and small flowers will result. Early sown seedlings will now be ready to prick off into small pots or pans, always keeping them near the light and repotting as required. The seed pan will produce a few more plants after taking out the large ones, and should be taken care of. Plants of Fupatorium and White Arum coming into bloom should receive liquid manure and aliundance of water when their pots are full of roots, tr. Wythes, Sion Ganlcns, Brentford. The Flower Garden. General Work. — Indoors this will mainly con- sist in the propagation of tender soft-wooded bedding plants. For my part, autumn propagation is only carried out so far as to secuie su^Kcient stock to supply cuttings in the spring, thus saving the labour of attending to them, and also the space they would occujiv during winter. Ptlargoniums are an exception, for it is only autumn struck plants of these which will ensure a good result in the beds. Certainly it is possible, by taking strong cuttings now and putting them into heat, to have moderattly good plants by jdanting-out time. Calceolarias, Violas, Gnaphalium, Leucophyton, Eoheverias, and all kinds of half-hardy plants that winter well in cold frames must, as a matter of course, be jjrojia- gated in the autumn, and now tliat these plants are starting into active growth they will require atten- tion daily, more especially in respect of ventilating the frames freely whenever the weather is favour- able, so as to prevent a weakly growth. The points of Calceolarias and Violas will require to be pinched out so as to cause the shoots to branch out at the bottom, and if the cuttings were put in closely together every alternate plant should be lifted at once and planted in other frames. The plants left in the frame will not need to lie removed, for if the holes made by the removal of the plants are filled in with a little fieah soil the former will soon recover any slight check that they may have received by the removal of the other plants. Kepot old plants of Fuchsias, Cannas, and also T^alilia rnnta of such sorts US it ia desired to propagate. They will do March 10, 1889.] THE fiAnDKSEH^' CHBOKICLE. 335 fiflfrwuriU in any puiiiliun llitit is warm, but nut necessarily light until growth begins, when light must be artbnled them. Out-of-doors. — Cut back the shoots of Ivy on buildings and screens, and it is important that the cutting be done before new growth is made, which may now soon occur if the weather becomes a little milder. The edgings of grass verges aliould be cut and regravellingof walks comjdeted whilst the under-soil and gravel are still wet, and therefore better to roll down tirmly. Sow seeds in the open borderof Sweet Peas and Mignonette. The ground for the latter cannot well be too lirmly pressed down previous to sowing. Antittal Fioweis. — At the instance of an unknown correspondent my two last notes have had reference to arrangements of bedding plants, I now wish to supplement those notes by references to such annual plants as Stocks, Asters, Zinnias, Everlastings, Phlox D.-ummondii, Salpiglossis, Sweet Scabious, &.C. A summer flower garden without these would to me be hicking in an important feature, and that being 80 I opine they should be specially mentioned. I concede that these plants are not well adapted to take the |>lace of "bedding plants" proper, and it is uut Ub such tliiit I advocate their employment; although I think that plants of I'hlux Drummondii, Sweet Scabious, and Salpiglossis, by due attention to pinching, pegging, and, in the case of Salpiglossis, of tying up, make as lasting summer flower beds as may be obtained by aught else ; but their employment in this way is not the most effective way, and I would rather see them in large clumps standing amongst herbaceous plants, or in the beds of Koses where these are planted thinly ; in fact, I think it desirable to plant the Koses a good distance apart, with the view of planting such annuals between them, Stocks in particular, because tliese are just in the height of their perfection when the Roses are done, and they furnish a continuation of (lowers. As clumps amongst perennial plants they are all well suited, and if pains be taken to plant them close to the earlier flowering perennials, the dis])luy will last to the very end of the season. The com- moner mode of emj)loying them — ^and a very excellent one too — is to plant them on any spare border having a southern or western aspect to supply flowers for cutting. In many gardens they may be employed in all the various ways mentioned. The sowing and raising of annuals is most simple. I do not wish to boast, but failure to have a good plant has never yet been my lot, and why ? — because the same pains was taken with this simple operation as was bestowed on thinning a bunch of Grapes. Frames in which to sow are desirable, but we cannot spare these, and must ex- temporise frames by using the lights of the late vinery laying them on bricks. On the hard ground under- neath loam, leaf-soil, and sand is laid r> inches thick and made firm, then small drills are made with a sharp-pointed stick, and the seeds are sown thinly and covered by the hand. A slight water-ing is then given, and the lights are put over and not removed till the seedlings are seen peeping through the soil ; then air is afforded them freely, and as soon as the lights must be put on to the vinery root a framework of sticks is constructed, and over this canvas is laid when the nights are cold. The seedlings are pricked out when big enough to handle, and the canvas covering is used so long as the nights remain cold. W. Wildsmith. Fruits Under Glass. Grape Vines. — The earliest Vines which are in pots will now be swelling after the stoning process and nmst be well suppliRd with manure water — ex- amining them two or three times a day. Top-dress when the roots appear on the surface — usingawarmed soil and sprinkling a small quantity of Thomson's or other artificial manure upon the surface of the soil every alternate day before giving water. A night temperature of 70° should be maintained, pushing the plants on as much as possible in the day-time. Afford a modicum of air on mild bright days, and shut up early. As soon as colouring commences less moisture must be employed in the house, and more air be afforded ; still care must be exercised vo. this matter so as not to starve or check growth. The Second Hoiue. — The bunches will now have had their berries thinned out, and the shoots tied in and properly distributed over the trellis, it will there- fore be a proper occasion to afford a good watering to the inside border, and if the border is not made of very rich mati'riiils manure water may be employed. Keep a night trniperature in the house of 65°, damp the paths and walls twice on fine days, shut- ting it up with sun-heat, and allowing the warmth to reach Sb'^ or UO^ on bright afternoons. A close watch must be kept for red-spider, and if it appear, at once sponge the aflected leaves, using a soft sponge with a very light hand. The Succcedliuf Jlousc.—lleve tire Vines may be in flower, demanding that a somewhat drier atmo- sphere should be the rule, damping down the paths once on brigiit mornings only, and not at all in the afternoon. Give air whenever it is mild outside. Keep the shoots stopped to a couple of leaves beyond the bunch, and keep them free of the glass. Let the temperature at night be 00^— (w*^. If the house be a mixed one save the pollen from the Hamburgh and Foster's Seedling Vines to impregnate the flowers of the shyer setting Muscats and others. In the later vineries some Vines will be ready for dis- budding, and the late houses may now be closed, following in all cases earlier directions as regards syringing, &c. Sfrau'firrrh's. — Keep introducing these in batches for succession ; those Colouring and ripening can be kept in a more dry and 'airy house to give them flavour, but do not check them with cold draughts. It is advisable to support the fruits by a few forked sticks stuck in the pots ; thin the fruit where required, and water twice a day if necessary, especially when very bright. Syringe on bright mornings, and keep down all insects, &c. Plants in bloom should have a night temperature of 55° to (10° ; those with fruit swelling from 60° to 70°, with air given on suitable days, shutting up between *2 and 3 o'clock, when the sun will be able to run up the temperature for an hour or so, damp the house two or three timts a day. fK. Beuiiitl, Ranijcynore, Burlon-on~Trcnt, The Hardy Fruit Garden. WouK OF THE Week. — As soon as the nailing of the Peach and Nectarine trees is brought to a close, the borders should be loosened on the surface by being forked over, care being taken that the top roots are not injured. Old trees which bore heavy crops last year will be the better fur having a top-dressing of moderately heavy loam, mortar rubble, and bone meal ; and in warm localities, if the soil is light and well drained, a heavy mulch of cow manure should be applied at once. It is better to do this now than later, as I have repeatedly proved by results, and the trees greatly improve in their early stages of growth. But where the soil is naturally cold and heavy, it is much better to defer the mulching till a much later date. As the blooming period approaches no time should be lost before getting the blinds and other means of pro- tection in readiness. Get everything ready, but do not cover up till the flowers are just about to expand. Apricots being the first to suffer In some districts, the protectors should be fixed early to prevent loss, but they should not be hung over the tree on fine warm days, or more harm than good will be the consequence. Damsons. — Probably no fruit trees get so small an amount of attention as these, pruning being seldom done, and the trees are untouched, but those who give a little timely pruning annually will reap the reward of their labour. In this county, wher-e Damsons are grown largely, and where pruning is the usual practice, excellent crops of very large fruit are secured. The main point to be observed is in the formation of the heads in young ti-ees, and when this is properly done at starting, very little requires to be done afterwards, with the exception of keeping the branches from crossing each other, and from being crowded. In commenciag with trees newly planted, there should be from four to seven shoots selected at e(|ual didtances to form the main branches ; these, if strong, should be shortened back to within 12 inches of the stem, and to an outside bud, and as the head gets larger, others may be left as occasion requires. All gross shoots in the centre of the head must be cut away to allow the smaller fruit- bearing wood to develope. Damsons grow best in an open position, and should never be planted among other fruit trees where they are likely to get crowded. The outside of an orchard is a very suitable place for them, and as the trees get up they will act as a ■helter to the tenderer sorts. Pvepai'utiuus fo>' G rtfjh' /iij.— When the men can- not work out-of-doors, clay may be prepared for grafting by mixing two parts of cow-dung to three parts of clay ; or heavy loam, and chafl', and horse- droppings instead of cow-dung. The clay or loam must be free from all stones, and be thoroughly beaten before use. 1 prefer cow-dung in preference to chafl', 6i.Q., as it not only helps to prevent cracking of the clay, but it retains moisture. Until the clay is re(|uired it should be kept in a cool, moist place, or be covered over with some wet material to prevent it from getting drv. //. Markhuin, Mcrcworth Castle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. Hints ik Season,— Globe Artichokes are much in request where French cooks preside over the kitchen. Coming from the Mediterranean region the plant is not quite hardy in this country, although in certain favoured localities in the British Isles it requires no protection from frost. It likes a deep liglit loamy soil full of rotten manure, and where sea-weed is procurable a slight dressing annually will improve the size of the heads. An open site fully exposed to the sun is needed for its successful cultivation. The soil should be trenched to a depth of about 2 feet G inches; and the manure should be mi.Ked with the sta^de as it is being dug. In order to keep up a succession of heads as long as possible, a fresh plantation should be made every year, and three years is quite long enough to allow the plants to remain in one place. When the plants have made about ■"> inches of growth the ortsets for fresh plantations should be secured ; remove these carefully with as much of the parent root as possible, and plant three in a clump a yard apart in the row, and 4 feet (i inches between the rows. The older plants, which have stood more than one ytar, should have all the weaker shoots removed, in order to concentrate the flow of sap into five or six of the strongest. Artichoke plants can also be raised from seed, and fair heads cut from them the same season. The seed should be sown in heat, in February, planting out on well prepared ground, in May. I have, however, never been able to secure the true variety in good proportions in this way, most of the seedlings turning out to be small, prickly, and worthless. The sort best liked is the Green Globe. Mtishroo/ns. — After this date it is not advisable to grow these in the i\I us h room -house proper, as the warmth rises to a degree which is inimical to the cultivation of fleshy Mushrooms, and after May they are liable to attacks from a maggot which renders them unfit for use. An open shed, with a northern aspect, will bfe found a more suitable place in which to make the beds, and failing a suitable shed they may be quite successfully grown in the open. Vv'here beds are made under a roof they may be made flat on the top, about 1.5 to IS inches deep, but in the open air the beds should take the form of a rounded ridge, with a base of 3 feet 6 inches, and height 3 feet. The materials must be beaten to a firm consistence as the work goes on. and some straw should be placed over the bed to defend it from rain. When the warmth of the bed has fallen to So^ it will be time to put the spawn into it. the soil being put on immediately afterwards. ]\Iaiden loam, rather heavy in its nature, is the best. This should be laid on evenly to a depth of 3 inches, and beaten smooth with a spade. iV)/i, M. BaUlie, Luton Hu.t, Beds. Wheat in Great Britain,— The ofticial report of the Agricultural Produce Statistics of Great Britain for 1888, says : — "Estimators report, in re- ference to the deficiency, that the outcome is due to the absence of sunshine and the excessive rainfall during the summer, and they almost unanimously refer to the indiflferent quality of the grain, some of them adding that much of that grown on high lands was unfit for milling purposes, the best samples even, exhibiting very generally, poor condition. It is stated that in most districts the Wheat contained a large proportion of light Corn. The crop in some few districts was attacked also with mildew, and occasionally it was harvested in damp condition, with, in such instances, the ordinary results. Great variations are reported in yield, frequently in the same district, the deficienc} being, it is generally said, in the average weight of the cereals. 336 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Maech 16, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. ~ SUBSCBIBEBS TO 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ■*■ who experience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher fin cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be fonoarded with complaint ). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENERS' CHRONICIX OFFICE TELEGBAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " OARDCHRON, LONDON." NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-ojpce Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SHOWS. TUESDAY, TiT.ti iQ ( Manchester Royal Botanical and MAR. 19^ Horticultural. WEDNESDAY, MiH, r (.1 ^Royal Botanic Society First Spring Show. 1 Preston and Fullwood (two dnys). I. Bath Bulb Show (two days). THURSDAY, Mas. 21— Richmond, Surrey (two days). SATURDAY JlAK. 23— Crystal Pulaoe. MEETING. THURSDAY, MiK. 21— Limn an Society. SALES. 1 LiliLim auratum. and a large As- Mae. 18/ sortment of other Lilies, at Pro- ( theroe & Morris' Rooms. ^Carnations, Picotees, Roses. Fruit Trees, &c.. at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and ;}9, Gracechurch Street, by Protheroe & Morris' /-Roses, Fruit Trees. Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulbs, &c., at Stevens' Rooms. lO.UOU Lilium auratum from Japan, at Stevens' Rooms (two days). Lilies. Irises, Carnntions, and Pico- tees, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. MOSD.iY, TUESDAY, Mae. 19. WEDKESDAY, Map. 20 ( Imported and Established Orchids, THURSDAY', Mah. 21.J Stove and Greenhouse Plants, at ( Stevens' Rooms. FRIDAY, Mitt 00 S Imported and Established Orchids, — .j j^j Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 43'.2. The meeting on Tuesday last was H^rticuUural ^" interesting one, not only on Society. account of the exhibition then got together, but by reason of its presenting a welcome practical indication of the improvement in the organisation of the Society which has been inaugurated with so much success by the Council. An account of the objects exhibited at the meeting will be found in another column ; in this place we may allude to some of the proceedings which gave special importance to the meeting. In the first place, we may note the proposal, which will, we believe, be carried into effect, of instituting a special sub-committee for the purpose of dealing with Orchids. The Floral Committee, it is felt, is too large and too heterogeneous in its composition to deal pro- perly with the Orchids, which nowadays form so important a feature of the Society's work. A new section will, it is probable, be formed to deal with Orchids only— a proposal which will, as we think, be far more acceptable on general grounds than the institution of a special Society, of which there are already too many. A special feature of the meeting on Tuesday was the issue of the new number of the Journal now edited by Messrs. Monnis and Wilks. We are so pleased to see this fresh evidence of the realisation of this item of the programme that we do not care to criticise what is virtually a first number. From long experience we know that first numbers, by reason of the difficulties in preparing them, are, as a rule, by no means equal to those that follow them. The publication of the Journal is specially important to those Fellows who, from their residence at a distance, are precluded from availing themselves fully of the privileges of the Society. Hitherto the Journal has only appeared at spasmodic intervals, and, although its contents have been such as any society might be proud of, yet its irregular issue has deprived it of the value it would otherwise have had. In former times the Journal was only delivered to those who cared to ask for it, and the result was that, with certain exceptions, very few took the trouble to avail themselves of their privi- leges. Now, we believe the Journal is to be sent to each of the Fellows — a far better ar- rangement, and one which, with the greatly enlarged number of Fellows, will become, let us hope, of great value to the Society. The regular publication and transmission of the Journal will keep the Fellows informed of the doings of the Society, and will relieve the ordi- nary horticultural journals of the necessity of reporting the proceedings of the Society at such length as heretofore — a matter which the pressure on their space will render not a little acceptable. For these reasons we shall devote but little space to the papers read at the last meeting by Mr. J. G. Bakeb and Mr. George Paul. We hail with great satis- faction the revival of these afternoon meetings, which are likely, if properly conducted, to con- duce to the welfare of the Society. Mr. Baker is so willing and so ready to come to the aid of the horticulturist — so thoroughly imbued with that most important of great principles, that horticulture and botany should play into one another's hands and assist the one the other, that we are sure a hearty " Thank you ! " will be as cordially given to him as it is thoroughly de- served. Having said so much, neither he nor the Society will think us guilty of ingratitude or of want of appreciation if we say that his paper on Tuesday last was one better fitted for the Scientific Committee than for the mixed audience to which it was delivered. As the paper in question will be published in the Society's Joxir- nal, we may limit ourselves here to a general out- line of Mr. ]'>akeb's discourse. He started by sketching the geographical distribution of the genus in geological time as well as at present, pointing out the numbers of species which occur now in the different regions of the globe, and alluded to the probable but still speculative reasons for their presence in certain countries, and their absence from others. To obtain answers to the many (juestions thus brought under notice he sought the assistance of the horticulturists. They should be able to say why the London Pride, S. umbrosa, which in Nature is so re- stricted in its habitat, should yet have endurance enough to live even in the slums of Westminster within a few hundred yards of where he was then speaking. A problem of a similar character was raised by us only a week or two ago in speaking of the Ginkgo tree, and the remarks we then made are in a measure applicable also to that Saxifrage. Mr. Bakeb then proceeded to point out the groups into wbicb this large genus of 180 species has been divided by botanists. In so doing, Mr. Baker adopted the classification of the species propounded by Professor Exqler, and of which a synopsis was given in our columns as long ago as December 1.5, 186G. Mr. Baker, by the aid of specimens and diagrams, explained the peculiarities upon which these groups are founded, peculiarities so obvious, that the veriest tyro would have no difficulty in understanding them. Unlike Primula, upon which Mr. B.vkkb descanted upon a previous occasion, there are relatively few hybrids in this genus — a circumstance which again gave rise to a series of speculations difficult to substantiate, and to questions not easy to solve, though any one with an eye in his head may do good service by adding to our stores of information useful for these purposes. Mr. George Paul's paper was of a more directly practical character. His competence to deal with it was attested by the excellent series of well-grown specimens with which, in spite of the season, he was enabled to illustrate his paper. y^& shall not attempt to forestall the Journal, in which Mr. Paul's paper will be printed in full, but we may say to all lovers of alpine plants, " look out for it." These two papers fully occupied the hour allotted to them, so that little or no time was available for discussion, and Sir. Eeuthe's paper was not read at all, although announced for publication. It is on these grounds that we suggest to the Council the propriety of request- ing the authors of papers to prepare an abstract beforehand for publication in the ordinary weekly journals, and for circulation among those likely to take a part in the discussion, and to request the authors also to confine them- selves to an abstract when addressing the Society, reserving the full text for the Journal. Mr. Baker's paper, for instance, as was noted by the Chairman (Mr. W. T. Thiselton Dyer), i-aised questions for which a whole week would be none too much for an adequate discussion. The meeting of the Scientific Committee was remarkable for two things ; first, the hour of meeting was changed to 4 p.m., to allow of the meeting being held in the library, occupied till that hour, and next for the number and scientific status of the members present. No Society of the same kind could, we are sure, bring together for a similar purpose, such a remarkable gather- ing. It would thus seem that apart from other considerations the later hour is preferable. The proceedings of this committee are, from no fault of its own, too much like those of a private club, and means should be taken to render the results of the decisions more useful to the Fellows at large. Here again the Journal will do good service. The work of the committee should be largely based on what is submitted to it as a committee of reference by the Fellows, and not be so dependent as it is on the good nature of individual members of the committee in bringing or forwarding matters for exhibition and discus- sion. New plants (species) should be submitted to a sub-committee of this body with power to avail themselves of outside assistance, and questions of nomenclature should also be submitted tothem, so that as far as possible no recognition should be given by the Society to a faulty name such as the application of a botanical name to a mere garden variety. In this way, also, to mention only one instance by way of illustration, the glaring anomaly of giving the same award to a garden variety of Primrose as to a newly introduced species from the Himalaya, never seen before in this country, might have been n o 2; en W 1 o w w :zl a » § o c: H MAHcn 10, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 337 avoided, AVe do not in the least wish to dis- paraj^e the so-called l?lue Primrose, but we do say the two things are not fairly comparable. In onr opinion, the one should have had a Botanical Certificate awarded by the Scientitio Conunittee in default of a New l*lant Com- mittee; the other an ordinary I'irst-class Certili- cate from the Floral Committee, as being best qualified to act as judj^fes. A little more time, and a little more judgment in arranging the work of the several Committees, would obviate these inconsistencies. The judgment is not lacking, but the time wherein to exercise it, is lamentably too short for the work that is to be done. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— A largely attended meeting of standholders of the Whole- sale Flower Market, Covent Garden, convened by the comniittee of the Fund, took place at the " Hummums " Hotel, Covent Garden, on Friday, the 8th inst., Mr. George Deal, Chairman of the committee, presiding, a considerable number of the executive being also present. The Hon. Secretary, Mr. A. F. Barron, having read the letter of His Grace the Duke of Bedford, giving his permission for holding a second Floral Ftte in the Wholesale Market in aid of the funds, the Chairman thanked the growers for their attendance, and said their numbers afforded a striking instance that their in- terest in the Fund had not flagged. He had recently witnessed a satisfactory illustration of the value of the Fund when calling upon the mother of Kate Harriett Brooks, one of the children receiving benefit from the Fund. Her widowed mother had ten children, only two of whom were earning anything, and when he called upon her she appeared inca- pable of expressing her gratitude for the great assistance she received from the sum granted to her daughter. Mr. Messer, Edmonton, then moved, and Mr, Hawkins, of Twickenham, seconded the following resolution: — "That this meeting, consisting mainly of standholders in the Wholesale Flower Market, Covent Garden, cordially endorses the proposal to hold a second evening floral fite in aid of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund ; and having heard that His Grace the Duke of Bedfobd has kindly granted the use of the market for this purpose, hereby pledges itself to render the best assistance in its power to successfully carry out the same, and to co- operate in general with the Executive Committee of the Fund." Proposed by Mr. Assdee, seconded by Mr. Strocd, Leyton; and carried unanimously — " That the following gentleman be appointed as a committee to represent the standholders for the purpose of co-operating with the otlicials of the Gardeners" Orphan Fund, in making the necessary arrangements for the fi-te,'' Messrs. Messer, Lewington, Hawkins, H. B. May, E. Rochford, T. A. Dickson, Geo. May, J. W. Baker, Cattaneo, and G. Poulton. It was resolved that the joint com- mittee should meet at the " Caledonian '" Hotel, Adelphi, on Friday, March 22, at 6 p.m. A cordial vote of thanks was passed to the chairman for pre- siding. Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. — The new number contains articles on Hungarian Grapes, Burmese Potatos, reports on the remarkable collection of Tomatos at Chiswick, on the China Asters, Rhubarb and Stocks grown for comparison and trial at Chiswick, together with an account of the keeping of fruit in cold chambers ; the proceedings of the meetings since January of this year, and other matters of detail. The Botanical Magazine.— An unfortunate accident, in consequence of which, although the numbering of text and of the plates in the March number is the same, there is no other relation of analogy or homology between them, has created a sensation, especially among some of its and our foreign readers. This in its way is flattering to our venerable contemporary, and to those who liave addressed us on the subject we may reply that the rei^uisite corrections and explanations will be made in the ensuing number. As it is, we seem to have the jdates pertaining to one month associated with the text proper to another. We defer our usual notice till the error has been set straight. Royal Botanic Society of Belgium.— At the last general meeting ^I, le Comte Oswald de Kerchove de Denterouem was elected President ; MM. Ehrera, Gravis, and Wesmael, Vice-Pre- sidents. It is a curious but very satisfactory coincidence that the Botanical Societies of France and of Belgium should now both be presided over by distinguished horticulturists. Blenheim Palace Gardens, Woodstock. — His Grace the Duke of Marlrorougu has given his permission for the gardens of Blenheim Palace to be thrown open to the public for the two days upon which the County of Oxford Agricultural Show is to be held at Woodstock; and Mr. J. Williams, His Grace's gardener, informs Mr. A. F. Barron that a charge is to be made lor admission, the pro- ceeds to go to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. The " Book of the Farm."— The last " divi- sion " of this standard book, just published by Messrs. Blackwood & Sons, is devoted to the cultme and preparation of food substances for stock, and to their most economical and judicious use. Manures are also treated of, as well as other matters of agricul- tural practice carried out in the winter season. The Cultivation of Plants.— A lecture was delivered on Thursday, March 7, in the Provi- dence Schoolroom, Uxbridge, by Mr. J. M. Jeffrey, of Field Heath Nursery. Hlustrations of the dif- ferent kinds of trees and plants referred to were ex- hibited, both in drawings expressly prepared, and by living specimens. It is a pity that many such lectures are not given in country towns and villages by com- petent persons. AnthuRIUM AndreANUM— The Gartcnjiora for March contains a coloured plate wi'ih representa- tions of Anthurium GrusoniX, IvolbiiX, Witt- mackiiX, Ortgiesii, and AUendorfii. L'Horticulteur.— Though rather late— a cir- cumstance for which we are not wholly responsible — it is our pleasant duty to welcome a new horticul- tur.al journal, published under the auspices of the Central Society of Horticulture of the district of Mons. The articles are chiefly cultural, but those interested in trees will be glad to learn that M. Wes- mael has prepared an alphabetical list of the species and varieties of Maple (Acer). The form known as Acer colchicum rubrum is considered by M. Wesmael a hybrid between A. campestre and A. Lobelii. We do not know upon what authority this statement is made, our own impressions being that the plant in question was a form of the Oriental and Himalayan A. pictum, with which A. ln?tum is synonymous. M. Wesmael may thank us for reminding him of the articles on this genus by Mr. Nicholson, pub- lished in our columns 1881. Rose Shows in isas.— The Hon. Secretary of the National Rose Society, Mr. E. Mawley, has kindly furnished us with the following list of fix- tures for the coming season : — "June 24th, Ryde ; 26th, Richmond (Surrey); 27th, Farningham ; Winchester. " July 2nd, National Rose Conference at Chiswick ; Sutton. 3rd, National Rose Conference at Chis- wick ; Bagshot ; Croydon ; Maidstone. 4th, Bath ; Canterbury; Hitchin ; Norwich. 6th, Crystal Palace (National Rose Society). 9:h, Diss; Hereford. 10th, Dursley ; Ipswich ; Tunbridge Wells, llth, Glouces- ter. 16th, Birkenhead. 18th, Sheffield (National Rose Societv) ; Helensburgh. 19th, Ulverston, 20th, Manchester, 23rd, Tibshelf. "This preliminary list gives the dates of all the Rose shows that I have up to the present time been able to ascertain as having been definitely decided upon. I have also included in it the dates on which a National Rose Conference will be held by the Royal Horticultural Society in their Gardens at Chiswick, as this Conference, although dilVering in many respects from an ordinary Rose show, will, no doubt, be the leading event of the coming Rose season. For insertion in future lists I shall be glad to receive any Rose show fixtures not appearing above as soon as they are finally settled." Stock-taking : February.— The subjoined table is extracted from a summary account of the imports into this country from British possessions and foreign States for the month of February last, compared with February, 1888. The increase in the imports for the two past months over those for January and February last year is placed at the large figure of £6,001,887 — the increase being greatest in §l[. (A.) — "raw materials for textile manufactures " taking next rank (food and work). The " summary " is as follows ; — 1888. 1889. Difference. Total value of imports 29..i32,778 32,311,877 £. -f2.779,101 511.— (A.) Articles oi food aud driuk — dutyfree 7,90.3,709 9.312,9:10 ■H ,349,246 (B.) — do., dutiable 1,869,IJ15 1,8-12,833 —16,783 §vr.— Raw materials for textile manufac- tures (including l''lax. Hemp, and Jute) 7,412,2.'J3 8,411,385 -f 999,152 J VII. — Raw materials for sundry industries and manufactures (including wood and timber, hewn, sawn, split, dressed ; vege- table materials, for paper-making, &c.) 2,120,470 2,353,142 4-232,672 ^IX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass. Flax, Rape, Linseed) 1.160,237 1,164,674 -5,663 The appended extracts from the complete returns possess their usual interest : — { II. Fruit:— Apples, raw 1888. 1889. Difference ... bush. 118,591 370,785 •f 252,194 Unenumerated, raw 9.453 9.921 4463 Onions 187.166 341,038 -H53,83J Potatos ... cwt. 39,869 23,345 —16,521 Vegetables, r.iw, ated unenumer- ... Value £37,194 £41,186 -f £3,992 Agaves at the Paris Exhibition. — Le Kaiiiraliste coutaias a notice of some Mexican Agaves wliich are to be sent to the approaching exhibition at Paris. Fifty-six Magueys have been chosen from the Calpulalpan district by M. Josii C. SEonnA. These Agaves are of unusual sizes. The diameter of each is more than 22 feet ; they are about H feet high, and the leaves (there are 150 on each speci- men) are more than 4 feet long. Each of these plants weighs nearly 6 tons. Famous Horticulturists -.— " Hawohtu, Adrian Hakdy (1768—1833) : b. Hull, 1768; d. Queen's Elm, Chelsea, 24th Aug., 1833. Entomologist, F.L.S., 1798. Lived at Cot- tingham, near Hull, 1812—1817 ; at Little Chelsea, 1817_183,3. A founder of Hull Bot. Garden. Dis- covered Cyperus fuscus at Chelsea. ' Observations on Mesemljryanthemum,' 1794. ' Synops. pi. suc- culent,' 1817 — 1819. ' Saxifragarum Enumeratio,' 1821. Fritz., 138 ; Jacks., 556 ; Mag. Nat. Hist., vi., 562 ; ix., 447 ; Cott. Oard,, vi., 157 ; R. 8. C, iii., 235 ; Gent. Mag., 1833, ii. Faulkner, Chelsea, ii., 11. Litho. by Weld Taylor, from bust. Herbarium in Fielding's Herbarium at Oxford. Haworthia, Duval." " Baepcb Ckewb, Rev. Henby (1830—1883) ; b. 338 THE GAIiDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [March 16, 1889. 1830; d. Drayton Beauchamp, Herts, 7th Sept., 1883. B.A., Camb., 18.31. M.A., 1855. Rector of Drayton Beauchamp. Entomologist. Cultivated Crocuses (' the richest collection in Europe,' Bot. Mag., t. 6168). Entomol. Monthly Mug., 1883, 118; Jouni. Bot., 1883, 381. Crocus Crewei, Hook, f." " Henderson, Joseph (d. 1866) ; d. Wentworth Woodhouse, Yorks., 22nd Nov., 1866. A.L.S., 1842. Superintendent of Earl Fitzwilliam's gardens. ' Ger- mination of Ferns,' Mag. Zool. Bot., i. (1837), 333. ' Stigma of Mimulus and Diplacus,' Ann. and Mag., vi. (1841), 51. ' Equisetum,' Linn. Trans., xviii., 1841, 567. Pritz., 140; Proc. Lin. Soc, 1866-7, XXXV. ; R. S. C, iii., 273 ; Gard. Chron., 1866, 1138. Hendersonia, Berkeley." "Hesshall, John (fl. 1845). Gardener to J. 11. Schroder, Tooting. Ctdtiration of Orchidaceous Plants, 1845. Fritz., 141 ; Jacks., 138." " Herbert, Hon. and Rev. William (1778 — 1847) : b. li;th Jan., 1778; d. Hereford St., London, 28th May, 1847. B.A., 1708. M.A., 1802. D.C.L., 1808. B.D., 1840. M.P., 1806-1812. Rector of Spofforth, Yorks., 1814. Dean of JIanchester, 1840. ' AmaryUidacece,'1837, with plates by author. ' Cro- corum Synopsis,' .ffo^ 7?£'(/is('cr, 1843 — 1845. Fritz., 141 ; Jacks., 558; i?. S. 'C, iii., .305. ; Gard. Chron., 1847, 372; Garden, xxviii., p. 400; Froc. Munch. Lit., Phil, Soc, XXV., 43. Ilerbertia, Sweet." " Hewabd, Robert (1791—1877) : b. 1791 ; d. Wokingham, Berks., 24th Oct., 1877. F.L.S., 1836. In Jamaica, 1823 — 1826. ' Ferns of Jamaica,' Mag. Nat. Hist., 1838. Fritz., 143; Jacks., 370; Journ. Bot., 1877, 380; R. S. C, iii., .342: Lasi-gue, 266, &c. ; Gard. Chron,, 1877, ii., 571. Herbarium at Kew. Hewardia, J. Sm. = Adiantum Hewardia, Hook. From 'Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists.' By James Britten, F.L.S. ; and G. S. Boulger, F.L.S., The Journal of Botany, March, 1889, p. 81, 82, 83. The Coltsfoot.— The first Coltsfoot noticed in bloom near London was on March 9. Has any- one seen it earlier ? LiNNEAN Society. — An evening meeting will be held on March 21, at 8 p.m., when the following papers will be read : — 1, " On the Botanical Collec- tions from the Christmas Island," by W. B. Hemsley, A.L.S. ; 2, " On the Sexual Forms of Catasetum, with special reference to the Researches of Darwin, and others," by R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.S. ; and, 3, "New Cape Plants," by Professor T. MacOwan, F.L.S. Primula obconica as an Irritant.— The Garden and Forest of February 20 contains an account of severe irritation of tlie skin caused by handling Primula obconica. The correspondent, apparently a medical man, speaks confidently as to the cause of the irritation, but we are inclined to be sceptical as to the real cause of the malady. Has any one had any experience of the kind on this side of the water ? The "Canadian Horticulturist. "— The excellent typography and more substantial quality of the articles in this publication afford an indica- tion of the progress of horticulture, and especially of fruit culture in the Dominion of Canada. Both the Dominion and States have this season overdone the export of Apples, and are gaining little in conse- quence. The Canadian Horticulturist is published at Grimsby, Ontario. BrOMELIADS. — M. Witte, the Curator of the Leyden Botanic Garden, has compiled an alpha- betical list, with .synonyms of the species cultivated in that garden. No fewer than 224 species are enumerated. Publications Re.Ct.\^E.O.— Proceedings of the Agricultural Research Association. (Aberdeen : 173, Union Street). — Revision of the North American Umbellifera. By Coulter and Rose, Wabash Col- lege, Crawfordville, Ind. — A Handbook of Crypto- ffomic Botany. By A. W.Bennett, M.A., &c., and G. Murray, F.L S. (London : Longmans, Green, & Co.)— Villa and Cottage Gardening (for the North). By A. Sweet. (London ; Walter ' Scott, 24, War- wick Lane.) CROCUSES. No garden seems to be quite furnished for the late winter and early spring months if without the gay, cheerful, abundant blooms of early flowering species of Crocus. The late flowers come after one is satiated with the abundance of summer flowers, and although they are as fine as the early flowers, they are less thought of by all except the ardent amateur. Mr. J. Douglas, writing of Crocuses in his garden, says, " They are ray favourite flowers. Quite in the open, and merely sheltered from north winds by a bank of grass, C. alatavicus is well in flower. It is a pretty thing. The flowers pure white, except where the outer surface of the outside segments are, is thickly marked with purplish-brown, this colour being quite dense at the base; the throat is yellow. Mr. Maw, in his monograph of the genus, says it flowers 'freely in cultivation during the latter half of February.' I find the time of flowering of Crocus varies much, especially those which expand in winter. Mr. Maw further says that, with the exception of C. Korolkowi, this is the only species that occurs east of the Caspian. " C. biflorus and its varieties. — Mr. Maw gives March 10 as the dates of their flowering, these opened well with ua before that ; but they were grown in a cold pit. It is better known as Cloth of Silver. We have a form of it with clear, lilac- blue flowers — it is charming as a variety. C. bana- ticus is distinct and very pretty, the outer segments of the perianth are deep purple, the inner ones rather paler. It is difiicult to get at the true form of this species, as it has had no less than nine different names, and it is here that the value of Mr. Maw's work is acknowledged, and the truthful- ness of the coloured figures of the flowers of the greatest assistance. Here again the time at which our Crocus flowers does not agree with his, thus showing that there is something very exceptional in the present season. Mr. Maw says, ' C. banaticus is a valuable plant for garden decoration ; it is of robust habit, and flowers freely in March, in the cold frame, and open border.' Ours are under glass. The same remark applies to C. imperati ; this is recorded as having flowered on March 4, whereas our in the cold pit was open a month ago. The perianth segments of this species are of a lovely shade of purple ; the outer surface of the outer segments only being buff", feathered-purple. This is an excellent garden plant. "There are three very distinct yellow, or rather orange-coloured, species in flower. C. ancyrensis with self-coloured flowers, is rather weak in growth, and does not increase freely. Maw gives February 7 as its time of flowering, which is nearly in accord with my own experience. C. Balansaj I admire most of all, it is in about the same stage of develop- ment as the other, and yet Mr. Maw gives March 2o as its time of flowering. The colour is rich orange, and the outer perianth segments are riclily chased with purj>li3h-brown ; the form of the flower, too, is exquisite. Tiie other yellow form, C. clirysanthus fusco-lineatus of Baker, is quite distinct. The colour is golden-yellow, except on the outer surface of the exterior segments of the perianth, which are of a bronzy colour. There are lilac and sulphur- tinted forms, which in their way are distinct and pretty. Maw notes its time of flowering as on March 6, but states that C. chrysanthus in its wild state flowers from January to April ; and that it produces its flowers as early as February in the open border. This shows that no definite week or i-ven month can be given as the flowering time of llifse pretty border plants." Trade Notices. — * — Mr. James Cole, late Jfanager at Messrs. Ireland & Thomson's Craigleith, and New Golden Acre Nurseries, Edinburgh, has been appointed indoor Manager to Messrs. Standish & Co.'s Royal Nurseries, Ascot, Bucks. The Late Charles Fbazrb. — We are requested to state that the business of the late Charles Frnzer, Horticultural Builder, Norwich, is still being carried on as usual by the executors under the will. CALANTHES AT THE HENDEE, MONMOUTH. [See SUPI'LEMENTABY ShEEI.] The view which is depicted in our supplementary illustration in the present number affords an idea of the manner in which Orchids — Calanthes in this par- ticular instance — may be utilised in a natural way on rockeries under glass. Mr. T. Coomber, the gardener to .1. A. Rolls, Esq., The Uendre, Monmouth, who kindly furnished us with the photograph of the con- servatory, sent the following notes concerning the plants : — Every one ought to grow the Calanthes, as they are of easy cultivation, and when well grown they blossom freely, and last in good condition for several weeks at a season of the year when flowers are scarce. Like many other subjects there are various ways of growing such species and varieties as C. Veitchii, C. vestita oculata rubra and C. T. 0. lutea. Composts alone differ widely, and growers are not agreed as to what is essential Inr their well being, si me preferring sphagnum and charcoal ; others a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and decayed cow manure; whilst I give my pre- ference to a large pi (portion of fibry loam mixed with cow-dung. Position near the light is an import- ant point in their culture, and I find they grow best when they are grown upon shelves near to the glass in the stove, and are duly shaded from bright sunshine, and liberally watered with some kind of liquid manure. Owing to their being deciduous they have a naked look when in bloom, unless associated with other plants with heavy leaves. During the late floweriui; season of Calanthes there was a house full of the plants here. The Calanthe plants upon the rockery in the conservatory are intermingled with the per- manent occupants. No plant is better adapted lor this purpose than are these. There were upwards of 150 flower-spikes with expanded flowers on them at the time of taking the photograph. URSERY NOTES. CYPRIPEDIUMS AT iMR. B. S. WILLIAMS'. In the houses where Cypripediums are grown at the ■\lctoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper llol- loway, amid the beautiful foliage of the well-grown plants the flowers of some very fine species and varieties of these jilants were noticed on the occa- sion of a recent visit, and many more are in bud. Those in bloom were the handsome bizarre, C. Dauthierii raarraoratam, C. Williamsii, C. Mtirax, C. Fitchianum, C. Charles Canham, C. Measures- iauum, C. Sedeni candiJuluni, C. lo grandis, C. politura, C. Sallierii aureuni, C. Amesiauum, C. Harrisianum superbum, C. selligerum rubrum, C. vernixium, C. grande (a noble specimen), and other fine hybrids, the species being represented by C. tonsum, C. hirsutissimum, C. Argus, 0. javanicuin, &c. In the same range are many Dendrobium Ainsworthii, D. Fytchinnum roseum, D. luteoUim, D. nobile nobilius, Aeranthes Leonis, Lycaste ful- vescens, Phalivnopsis Sanderiana, and Liclia albida bell a. ZvaOPETALUM ClAVI SUrERUDM. X It is not clear to many what Z. Clayi really is, and often a bad variety of Z. Mackayi has to do duty for it. Those who would like to see this distinct and handsome jilant, wliioli was fil•^t distributed by Mr. B. S. Williams, will find a large plant of a superb variety of it in bloom in the Orchid-houses of the Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper llol- loway. It was raised by Colonel Clay, of Birken- head, with whom it first flowered in 1877. Its flowers have much the form of those of Z. maxillare, which, with Z. crinitum. was one of its parents ; sepals and petals purfilish-brown, marked with green, lip deep violet, paler at the edges. The rare Odontoglossum Ilumeanum, O. facetum, O. lanceans baphicanthum, Reich, f.; 0. mirandum, 0. cuspi- March 16, 1889.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 339 datum, and other rare Odoutogiossums and otlier plants, will be iound in bloom in tlie cool-houses. SpRING-ri-OWKRINtJ CaLANTUES. In one of the fine groups of Orchids in flower which adorn the entrances to the Orchid-houses at Upper Ilolloway, these form a very fine feature, their arching sprays of flowers being very elective, curving over larger and more Btiff-growing plants. They consist of the differ- ent varieties of 0. Regnieri, white, with rose to purple eye, the variety C. K. fausta, introduced by Mr. Williams, being the best; C. nivalis is the finest pure white ; C. Williamsii is a great beauty, with white and pink sepals and petals, and deep crimson lip; C Stevensi is also very handsome, and the older 0. Turnerii still a good plant. Coming in after the 0. Veitchii and C. vestita varieties are done, the value of these spring flowers cannot be over-estimated. In the same group several strong plants of Cu'logyne cristata alba, C. Skinneri alba, Platycycnis glumacea, witli twenty-one spikes; the large white Cymbidium eburnfuni, 2 feet across; C. Lowianum, with six spikes of 150 flowers, and others are iu bloom. J. O'Brien. PLANT PORTRAITS. Berberis Thcnbehgii, Garden and Forest, Janu- ary 30. BiLLUERGiA TUYHsoiDEA, Gartcujlora, t. 1291. BcRLiNGTOxiA FR-iORAXs, Orchid. Album, t. 363. Catti.kva JIassaianax, Onhid Athitm, t. 362. CoLOCAsiA INDICA, Garieujlora, p. 67. Irex AiiEL.ixciiiER, Garden and Fvrcst, January 23. MiLTOxiA sPECTABiLis, Ore/lid Allium, t. 364. NvMPH-^:A 5IARLIACEA CHROXOLETTA TOLIIS MAR- MORATis, Le Jardhi, February 20. — Very pretty ; but what are we to call it ? It is alleged to be a seedling from X. alba with canary-yellow flowers and spotted leaves. Saccolajjium ccELESTE, OreJiid Album, t. 361. ScABiosA caucasica, Garden, February 9. Snsu.v AXTHELiiixTicoM, Bcvue Huriicole, February 16.— A Sumatran plant of Drac.Tna-like habit with the i II florescence of Xerotes, and a profusion of stuall red berries. It is interesting as forming a link between numerous natural orders, and is not to be despised as an ornamental plant. It is figured from a plant flowering in the Jardin des Plantes. Vaxda tricolor, Lindenui, t. 567. Notices of Books. Cactus Culture for Amateurs, &c. By w. Watson. (Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.) We hail this volume with the more pleasure in that it atfords us a surprise. Cactuses had, as we thought, so far fallen out of favour that the publica- tion of a book upon them might have been regarded as a Quixotic enterprise. Nevertheless, within a short time, two volumes on the subject have been issued, that of Mr. Castle, already noticed, and that of Mr. Watson now before us. The enterprise of the publisher is further shown by his not waiting for a demand, but creating one. Thinking that the general absence from gardens of these plants was due to the circumstance that their cultivation and management were little known, the publisher suggested to Mr. Watson that a series of articles on the subject in the Bazaar would be useful. That the publisher's forecast, extraordinary as it seems, was justified is shown by the publication of this volume, wherein the articles in question are republished with the requisite additions and modifications. " The whole is now offered as a thoroughly practical and descriptive work on the subject." Botanical details are but slightly touched on, but a brief description of the most important genera and species is given, together with directions for their cultivation and propagation. The cultural require- ments are, speaking broadly, full exposure to the light, moderate heat, an ample aupply of water in the period of giowth, and either none at .ill at other times, or only so nnich as may serve to keep the plants clean. The soil recommended by Mr. Watson is a rather stiff loam, mixed with a sixth part of small brick rubble. As to the admixture of lime rubbish, Mr. Watson tells us that its use has been discontinued as unnecessary, and then goes on to make the assertion that in good loam lime in the state of chalk is always jiresent — a statement which limits the definition of good loam to that which overlies a chalky subsoil. Small pots well drained, and with the soil firmly pressed in, are recommended for these plants. If we may judge from our own experience, the great difticulty with cultivators, professional as well as amateur, is to get them to flower. This absence of flower prejudices the cultivator against the plants which he begins to dislike for the persistent mono- tony of their appearance. Of course, if the grower has the Jeii. sacre in him or her, these plants, with their quaintness and their extraordinary structure, are as full of interest (only more so !) as the grandest Tulip that ever expanded beneath a canvas awning, and the absence of flower is not so much felt. Never- theless, for the benefit of the weak-kneed — and even Cactus lovers do like to see their plants bloom some- times ! we extract what Mr. Watson says on this subject, particularly as the blooms, when they do appear, are often of the most gorgeous character : — '• It is possible to preserve most Cactuses alive by keeping them constantly growing, but with very few exceptions, such treatment prevents the plants from flowering. The following is what is practised in the gardens where Cactuses are successfully cultivated : — For the genera Cereus, Kchinopsis, Echinocactus, Mamillaria, Opuntia, and Melocactus, a moist, tropi- cal house is provided, and in April the plants are freely watered at the root, and syringed overhead both morning and afternoon on all bright days. This treatment is continued till the end of July, when syringing is suspended, and the water supplied to tlie roots gradually reduced. By the end of August the plants are placed in a large light frame, with a south aspect, except the tall-growing kinds, which are too bulky to remove. In this frame the plants are kept till the summer is over, and are watered only about once a week should the sun be very powerful. The lights are removed on all bright, sunny days, but are kept on during wet or dull weather, and at night. Under this treatment many of the species assume a reddish appearance, and the thick, fleshy-stemmed kinds generally shrivel somewhat. There is no occasion for alarm in the coloured and shrivelled appearance of the plants — on the contrary, it may be hailed as a good sign for flowers. "A common complaint in relation to Cacti as flowering plants is that they grow all right, but rarely or never flower. The explanation of this is shown by the fact that the plants must be properly ripened and rested before they can produce flowers. On the approach of cold weather, the plants which were removed to a frame to be ripened, should be brought back into the house for the winter, and kept quite dry at the roots till the return of spring, when their flowers will be developed either before or soon after the watering season again commences," There are a certain number of species which may be grown out-of-doors, especially in the drier parts of the country. Our own experiments in this way have not been either numerous or extensive, but such as they are they have been rather depressing in their results, more, as we believe, from the moisture of the atmosphere than from any other cause. We shall do well therefore to cite what Mr. Watson says on this subject also, particularly as he bases his statements on the trials made for the past few years in the her- baceous ground at Kew, " The most successful plan is that followed at Kew, where a collection of the hardier species is planted in a rockery composed of brick rubble and stones. During summer the plants are exposed but when cold weather and rains come, lights are placed permanently over the rockery, and in this way it is kept comparatively dry. No fire-heat or protection of any other kind is used, and the vigorous growth, robust health, and proliferousness of the several species are proofs of the fitness of t!:e treatment for this class of plants. " In any garden where a few square yards in a sunny well-drained position can be afforded fur a raised rockery, the hardy Cactuses may be easily managed. To make a suitable rockery, proceed as follows : -Find a position against the south wall of a house, greenhouse, or shed, and against this wall construct a raised rockery of brick rubble, limn rubbish, stones (soft sandstone, if possible), and fibrous loam. The rockery when finished should be, say, 4 feet wide, and reach along tlie wall as far as retjuired ; the back of the rockery would extend abuut 2 feet above the ground level, and fall towards the front. Fix in the wall, 1 foot or so above the rockery, a number of iicoks at intervals all along, to hold in position lights sufliciently long to cover the rockery from the wall to the front, where they could be supported by short posts driven in the ground. The lights should be removed during summer to some shed and brought out for use on the approach of winter. Treated in this manner the following hardy species could not fail to be a success : — *' Opuntia Kafinesquii and var. arkansana, 0. vul- garis, O. brachyarthra, O. Picolominiana, 0. mis- sourienais, O. humilis, Cereus Fendleri, C. Engel- manni, C. gonacanthus, C. pho;niceus, Kchinocactus Simpsoni, E. Pentlandi, Mamillaria vivipara." We may add that the book is copiously illustrated with woodcuts mostly from well-known, tiiough un- acknowledged sources, and provided with a sufficient index. Vegetables. D K. HOGG PEA. Although this variety was very favourably re- ported on at the Chiswick trial last spring for its earliness, it is not fit to take the place of the round- seeded early Peas. In order to give it a fair trial, I sowed some of it on November 10 by the side of our standard early varieties — Veitch's Extra Early, Laxton's Earliest of All, Carter's First Crop, Standard, and Ne Plus Ultra, and I notice that the frost has cut Dr. Hogg so severely that, scarcely a live plant remains, while the other varieties have scarcely any plants killed ; it is therefore a Pea with a tender constitution, and not adapted for autumn or early spring sowing. The other varieties named, now 2 inches high, are well protected with coal- ashes placed over the roots, and boughs of ever- greens on the most exposed side, and weathered the severe frost well. W. H, Divers. The GtonE/AiiTicHOKE. Artichokes are in request as an adjunct to the dinner-table, and are to be found in most gardens. They grow best in a sandy loam, and" in an open situation. The ground to be planted should be trenched to a depth of two spits or more, a liberal quantity of manure being put into the soil in the process. Where the natural soil is clayey it is a good plan to open trenches at it feet from centre to centre, 2 feet wide, and at least 18 inches deep, and to fill them with a mixture of manure, leaf-mould, and any waste soil at command. As soon in April as offsets having leaves 9 or 9 inches long can be obtained slip off two or three of these from stools which have the greatest number, securing them with a heel and a few roots. These should be at once planted in triangular clumps at from 7 to 9 inches from plant to plant, in rows at a distance of 3 feet apart, and at the same distance from clump to clump in the rows. Plant the suckers about 4 inches deep, and take care to make the soil firm aboat them with the hands. Water after planting if no rain fall, repeating the application at short intervals, according to the weather, until they have taken hold of the soil. The ground between the rows and plants should then be forked over, and a mulch of short dung be laid on. New plantations yield a good supply of heads till late in the autumn, and long after those which have been planted a year or two, have cease to produce any. It is, therefore, a good plan to destroy a row or two of the old plantt annually, planting an equal number of new ones. Any vacancies existing 340 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 16, 1889. in old rows may be filled up in the manner indicated with young suckers. In the South, Artichokes are fit to cut in ordinary seasons at the end of June, and in the North ten or fiteen days later. The heads should be cut while the scales remain closed, otherwise they will not be fit for table. When the Artichokes have been all cut, the stems may be cut down and all dead leaves removed. In early November a good thickness of stable litter should be wrapped round each stool from the ground to within a few inches of the top of the leaves, following this with a good surface-dressing of rotten dung between the rows as a protection from frost. H, W. W. Scotland. NORTH OF SCOTLAND HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The monthly meeting of the members of this Association was held in the Christian Institute, Aberdeen, on Wednesday, the Gth inst. Mr. D. M. Smith, Vice-President, in the chair. The principal business was a paper on the ''Cultivation of Hardy Fruit," by Mr. A. Chisholm, gardener, Duffus House. At the outset, Mr, Chisholm referred to com- plaints which had been made that the Apples now-a-days were inferior to those gruwn in former times. He stated that his employer, who had given special study to the subject for years, was of opinion that there was no falling off in the quantity, though some varieties had not ripened so readily. He thought that the want of attention to the growth of this kind of hardy fruit was attributed to the impor- tation of large quantities annually from Ame- rica and elsewhere. He also indicated that probably our forefathers in former days had not the disease of canker to contend with. Though he did not recom- mend the planting of extensive orchards in Aber- deenshire, it was not too much to expect that Apples and Pears could succeed in Aberdeenshire. He threw out the hint to those who were growing Apples for the market that, as that fruit was never in better perfection than in September and October, they might take that fact into consideration and get their fruit sold off before the foreign fruit glutted the markets. A model of a fruit protector, by Mr. Fair- greave, Dunkeld, was exhibited and created a good deal of interest. A Cultural Certificate was awarded to Mr. Auld, The Firs, Murfcle, for beautiful speci- mens of Cinerarias and Cyclamens. Glasgow : Messrs. Austin & McAsland's New Warehouse. After the disastrous fire in Buchanan Street this firm has succeeded in finding new premises on a very large scale in Mitchell Street, fitted up with every modern convenience for the carrying on business on a large scale. Honour to a Scottish Botanist. The Senatus of Aberdeen University on Saturday resolved to confer the honorary degree of LL.D. on, among others, Mr. John Roy, headmaster, Dr. Brow's School, Aberdeen, and President of the Natural History Society of Aberdeen. The University Senatus conferred the LL.D. degree upon him mainly in respect of his scientific attainments. In connec- tion with the Dunecht Observatory (near Aberdeen belonging to the Earl of Crauford and Balcarres), lie did much valuable work which was only known at the time to a very limited circle, as the results were printed for private circulation, and did not have Mr. Roy's name attached to them. In Aberdeen he has long striven to promote and foster a taste forthe study of natural history. It is understood that the results of his investigations into the general botany of the North-east of Scotland will very shortly appear iu the form of a "Botanical Guide," the joint production of Mr. Roy and Rev. John Ferguson, formerly of New Pitsligo, Aberdeenshire, now parish minister of Fearn, Forfarshire. Mr. Roy has chiefly, though not exclusively, engaged himself in the ex- amination of the Desmida of this and other countries. Home Correspondence. CANARINA CAMPANULA: THE CANARY BELL- FLOWER. — There is a figure of this plant in the Bot. May. t. 444, which is by no means overdone, as might have been judged from a few flowers exhibited at the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 12th inst. The plant is a greenhouse herbaceous perennial, of a semi-scnndent habit, with a thick fleshy rootstock, from which the slender, much branched, annual stems arise. The leaves are fairly large for a Bellflower, hastate, heart-shaped, and light milky green, nearly white on the under side. The flowers are produced singly in the foiks of the branches — or, rather, the flower terminates the branch, which then divides into two from the axillary bud so on, for a month or two in the early months of spring, thus giving a succession of flowers, each one of which lasts in perfection on the plant for a week or two. They are also useful for cutting where select single blossoms are appreciated. In form the flowers are distinctly bell- shaped, and their colour is reddish, yellow, or orange, with (in their earlier stages) a tinge of purple, the venation having a distinctly, well-marked, feathery appearance, and much deeper in colour. They have a drooping habit, and when well grown the plant is a pretty object. AVe are told that it was cultivated in Hampton Court Gardens as long since as 1696 ; it is, therefore, no new-comer, and its long existence in the country is proof that it has been deemed worthy of preservation, although it is not commonly met with now. Its cultivation is simple. At any time during growth it may be easily struck from cuttings, in the usual way, and these, in the second year, will make flowering plants. Division of the root-stock may also be practised. A rich and rather sandy, loamy soil answers well, but almost any compost will do if it is not too poor. The best time to part the roots is in early summer, soon after the growth has died down. They should then be plunged in a cool frame, but not shaded, and allowed to remain there until it is time to house them, in autumn, to protect from frost. At all times they should have abundance of air and light. As the plants rarely exceeds 4 feet in height it makes a nice subject to train up the front of the greenhouse, in which position the flowers are prob- ably seen to the best advantage. After growth is completed very little water is required until growth is again well advanced, when liberal supplies should be given. F, H. POULTRY MANURE. — As nearly every estate has a poultry-house, and the question is being frequently asked as to the value of manure, it may not be without interest to consider some recent analyses with wliich we have been furnished. The excre- ment of iowls is one of the most invigorating fertilisers, and is worthy of greater consideration than is often bestowed upon its collection. The diff'erence between the excrements of fowls and that of cattle is that the former contains in solid form all the fertilising ingredients of the food except what is retained in the body for growth or goes into the eggs; while a very considerable portion of the fer- tilising value of the food of cattle is excreted in liquid form, and is easily lost even in the stalls and farm enclosures. The following table gives the comparative value of 1 ton of poultry manure and I ton of an average mixture of horse, cow, and pig manure, giving four of the moat important manurial constituents : — Selected Chemicul Constituents in 1 ton of Poultry Munura and ] ton of Cattle Manure, in Pounds. Nitrogen. Potash. Phosphoric Acid. Lime. Poultry mauure... Cattle mauure ... I.li. 13 Lb. 11 11 I.h. iO 8 Lb. ■17 10 Poultry in excess of cattle tniiuure 17 3 13 31 These results show that poultry manure contains more than double as much nitrogen, two-and-a-half times as much phosphoric acid, a little more potash, and three times as much lime as cattle manure; and it is easy to see why the dung of fowls is the richer ma- nure. The food of fowls is very concentrated, and con- sists chiefly of grain, insects, and worms, and the dung contains both the urinary and bowel excretions. On the other hand, cattle consume immense qualities of woody fibre in their food, and their excrements accordingly consist largely of undigested fibre, with what of the urine may have been absorbed and re- tained by it. Poultry manure, being so concentrated a fertiliser, and coming quickly into action as plant- food, should be applied only in moderate quantiti**8 at a time, and not be dug too deeply into the soil. It may be mixed with charcoal-dust, soot, or cinder- siftings. and applied with great advantage to Vine borders and Rose trees. It forms a capital dressing for lawns and pleasure-grounds, especially those in- fested with moss. In all cases it should be rendered small by breaking up and sifting previous to use. In France poultry manure is extensively used as a manurial dressing to Orange, Mulberry, and Olive trees ; and in Belgium it is used as a manure for the Flax crop. J. J. Willis, Harpcjiden. PASSIFLORA EYNESFORD GEM.— This new form, which is being distributed by Messrs. H. Cunnell & Sons, and by them denominated a " perpetual flower- ing Passion-flower," is now in flower in one of their stoves, where it is an object of beauty. Uf its parentage nothing appears to be known, except that it was raised near the sea-coast in Devonshire. It has been planted out in one of the stoves at Swanley for two years, and it has scarcely ever been out of bloom. The flowers are of the size of those of P. ccerulea, the ground colour red, shaded with rose ; and it is a free bloomer. It appears to partake of the character of P. kermesina to some extent. Whatever its character, its persistency of bloom is a main recommendation. It is to be regretted that reliable information respecting its origin is not forthcoming ; its characteristics could be better determined if something were known of its parentage. E. D. PLANTS IN FLOWER IN MR. G. F. WILSONS GARDEN. — At Oakwood there are many beautiful flowers in bloom notwithstandingthe late very trying weather. Early Cyclamens liave been in great beauty I am now sure that they thrive best in full sun ; Narcissus minimus has been out for more than a month ; a large Hoop Petticoat — I believe Corbularia sulphurea — is in fine flower, and also a smaller pretty one. Hybrid Hellebores of many shades of colour are finer than we ever had them before ; these have some simple sort of shelter in hard frost, and in very rough weather. Some Helleborus niger I had from Bath, and planted late, continue to throw up good flowers. Scillas and Chinodoixas are be- ginning to bloom ; some species of Snowdrops are out, Galanthus plicatus, G. imjterati, G. Redoutei, G. Elwesii, and some others ; some varieties I had given me before we learned the best places to grow them in, alas I are lost. Many of the species of Crocus are most beautiful— one a purple, much richer in colour than any of the garden varie- ties I know. Hepaticas are coming out well ; some of our best are in a mossy bank, which adds to their beauty ; the single pink and blue have endless shades of colour. Primroses of all shades have been beautiful, many of the descendants of Scott Wilson have beautiful shades of plum-blue and blue-purple, and some are of a pale greyish-blue, more like the colour of the old Blue Primrose. Iris reticulata cterulea, a gem, is nearly over, but the type is in beauty ; a few hardy Heaths, both pink and white, are out, and large plants of Andromeda floribunda. Peta- eites has not much beauty, but looks well in a mass [and is fragrant]; Snowflakes also are especially beautiful in large clumps. Anemone buds are slow in coming out. I have enumerated all the flowers I remember ; but not writing on the spot some may have been left out. George F. Wilson. SURFACE-ROOTING STOCKS.— Will Mr. Runyard kindly tell us bow the wild Pear and the Crab stock (figs. r)0 and fi-S, pp. 290 and 207) were propagated ? Of course, it is not quite a fair test to take seedling Pears and Crabs, and compare their " anchor " roots with the " fibrous " root* of Quinces and ForadisQ IfAtJCH 111, 1.S89.] TllE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 341 Apples increased by cuttings aud layers, and I do not expect that such an experienced tVuit cultivator as Mr. Bunvard is will have compared stocks raised in widely different ways, but it will be in- teresting to know the facts of the case. My own experience of Crab and Pear stocks is that, when increased from cuttings or hillock-layers, they do not produce the deep prong-like or "anchor" roots that seedlings do, and even seedlings properly lifted and root-pruned the season before they are grafted or budded have thick and bushy roots quite as numerous and as surface-rooting as the Quince and I'aiadise as liguied, but of course neglected seed- lings will not do so. We cannot be too careful of the manner in which our fruit tree stocks are pre- pared previous to their being " worked." F. W, BurbidffC. HYBRID ORCHIDS.— Some hybrids of Phaius grandifolius x Calanthe Veitchii have been raised here. The seed, which was very good as regarded intention to treat in this way. I have some Catt- leyas whose flowers have been fertilised now some twelve months; also Cypripediums and Livlias. Moreover, I have Oncidinm fertilised with Odonto- glossum, the capsules being now ripe ; and likewise Zygopetalura Mackayi and Calanthe vestita fertilised with Phaius grandifolius. These facts are alluded to to show that hybrids may be raised from seeds with- out having special treatment. ^K. Sniythc, Basing Park, Alton. CLAY DRESSINGS FOR LIGHT SOILS.— Few who have to do with light soils exclusively have any idea what good a dressing of clay does, especially if put on during the winter at a time of hard frost, when it can be got on the land easily, and the frost shivers it into powder. In the garden here we are able to tell to a yard, by the look of the crops, where the clay was put ; and one quarter that has had several dress- ings always carries better Strawberries and culinary vegetables than either of the others, which have will bring it up on their roots. For mixing with light loam for potting Strawberries, clay is of great value, and so it is used, in the same way with manure or leaf-mould for growing Melons, which like stiff soils, but in either case it should be such of it as has become ameliorated by exposure to the weather. Some gardeners, no doubt, have too stiff and un- workable a kind of clay, and long for the lighter mateiiul, but the remedy in their case lies the other way, and road scrapings, leaf-rakings, and rubbish- heap ingredients, properly and continuously employed , will soon effect an improvement in the staple. -/. S. CLIANTHUS PUNICEUS.— This fine old plant has been in bloom here for six weeks past, at the eastern end of the conservatory, where it covers a large trellis. The plants may continue to bloom for six weeks longer. It is about 30 feet high, is a very free grower, a most abundant bloomer always, and is well suited to train over and round the window- openings, or on any bare place, the foliage being Fig. 64. — saxii-'raga pyeenaica vah, superba. (see p. 330.) vitality, grew quickly on being sown. P. grandifolius, which was the seed-parent, was fertilised on January 1, 1888, and the seed capsule was ripe on June I, and was at once sown. A nice let of young plants came up about the end of September, and some of the plants are now \h inch high, and look promising. The foliage is very much more like that of Calanthe Veitchii than of Phaius grandifolius. I may men- tion that the seed was sown on the soil in which the plant of Phaius was growing ; and before sowing the seed the soil was loosened on the surface, and the old plant placed on a shelf in the stove, where the treatment adopted was that usual with Phaius. I think that this is by far the easiest and most certain way to raise any seedling Orchids, and I feel quite sure that seeds of many of our best Orchids, if they can be obtained, would come up well, and grow much better thus raised than if they are specially treated. I have proved that Odontoglossums and Cypripediums will succeed in this way. I have several other Orchids which have seed capsules upon them that will soon be ripe, and these seeds it is my not had any. The laud on the first-named quarter is more holding of moisture, the clay taking in moisture from dew and rain, and which it retains better, and absorbs more of the juices of the manures used than the undressed land. This winter I have dressed a large piece of ground with stiff blue clay, that is at this moment crumbled all to pieces. I wait for drying winds to render it less sticky, and render it fit to tread on and dig. Some years ago the Pear trees were in a bad state, and I treated them to about eighty cartloads of clay ; and this was done by removing a commensurate portion of the gravelly subsoil, and trenching in the former, the trees being left standing on a base of about 3 feet square, and the roots were laid into the fresh mixture as the work went on. By so managing the work the trees were not disturbed sufUciently to check them much, and there was soon a great improvement visible in their appearance ; and to-day they bear fine crops of clear-skinned fruit, where before, all of it used to crack, and be scarcely worth the gathering. Roses like it, too, as I have found on lifting them that they neat and elegant, and its scarlet-crimson, pendent, pea - like flower hangs like drapery round the windows. I received the seed from Australia about eight years ago. The plant was planted in the conservatory border in turfy loam and leaf-mould, with a liberal quantity of sand. In the summer months it gets abundant water and much syringing — three times a week — and it is always thoroughly syringed after the flowering period is over. It is pruned at that time, and tobacco-powder is well shaken all over it whilst wet from syringing. Cut- tings will root in any light soil, if placed under glass. 1 have seen it doing well, on a south wall, in warm situations out-of-doors, but it needs protection in winter. This is the best species of Clianthus I have hitherto seen, it growing and flowering much more freely than some other seedlings. Wm. Smytke, Basing Park, Alton, Hants. WHITE ARUM. — My experience with this plant coincides with that of Mr. T. Coomber, and, like him, I think that a season such as the last one 842 TBS GAUDENilRS' Ctmo^lCLB. [MaSch 16, 1889. was is just what suits the plant. My practice is to plant out the the roots in June in trenches 3 feet apart, prepared as for Celery. Last season after planting out and giving a good soaking of water no further attention was required until the beginning of September, wlien with a sharp spade the roots were cut round about the size required. In about a fort- night afterwards the roots were potted in 10 and 11-inch pots, and placed on the north side of a wall till the commencement of October, when they were removed to a warm greenhouse, and by the end of October they had begun to throw up many line spathes, which they have continued to do up to the present time, and will continue to do so for some lime yet. Periodical dressings of Standen's manure are afforded the plants, and a copious supply of water to the roots at all times; light fumigations are given often to kill aphides. Some of the spathes measured from 5 — 'J inches across. It is well known to gardeners that a mode of treatment that may be satisfactory in one district will be just the reverse in another, and it is only by observation that the gar- dener will find out the requirements of the plant in different localities and in diverse seasons. B. Asktoii, Glossop Hall, Derbyshire. Societies. ♦- ROYAL HOE.TICULTTJRAL. Tuesday, March 12. — " A very interesting gather- ing," was the verdict of those who were present at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on Tuesday last. Narcissi were abundant, but not excessively BO. A few Orchids, some of them new and choice, put in an appearance. Primula sinensis, P. Poly- anthus, trade groups of Cyclamen in pots, and of Camellias and miniature Roses were met with in quantity, and a line group of Nepenthes from Messrs. Veitch. Floral Committee. Present; J. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. R. Dean, H. Herbst, B. Wynne, W. C. Leach, G. Nicholson, J. Walker, Y. Koss, W. Holmes, L. Castle, G. Paul, J. Laing, J. Fraser, P, Blair, T. Baines, E. Hill, H. M. PoUett, R. B. Noble, J. O'Brien, J. Douglas, J. Dominy, H. Turner, T. W. Girdlestone, E. Mawley, Shirley Hibberd, M, T. Masters. The showynovelty, Cypripedium Rothschildianura, described in these columns on April 14, 1888, and imported by Messrs. Sander last season, was exhi- bited by Mr. E. Hill, gr. to Lord Rothschild, Tring Park. It is a singular and beautiful flower. The leaves were broad and long, bright green in colour, and the plant bore one spike with two flowers, that is one less than the normal. Cypripedium Elliottianum,by the same introducer as the first-named, was shown by Mr. Williams, gr. to the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim. The plant carried only one flower. A description by Professor Reichenbach and a figure of it may be found in our issue for November 10 last year. The flower resem- bles more the Selenepediums in the lengthy tails of the petals, and is altogetlier a remarkable acquisi- tion. A magnificent plant of Dendrobinm nobile Wallichi was sent by Mr. C Beckett, gr, to T. B. Bryant, Esq., Juniper Hill, Dorking. The whole was a mass about 4 feet through, and laden with finely-coloured blooms. Messrs. Heath & Sons, Cheltenham, showed a vigorous specimen of Odontoglossum luteo-purpureum var,cri8pata,with three good spikes of blooms, heavily marked with coffee-brown on a yellow ground. The segments were prettily undulated and the lip fringed. Prom the same firm there was Masdevallia Heathii, stated to be a hybrid between Veitchii and ignea rubescens. The flower was of good size, rich scarlet, with lines of scarlet purple. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, showed Den- drobinm Schneiderianum, whose flowers measured 3 inches across, and are semi-transparent white with pink suffusions at the extremities of the petals and the lip; the throat is of orange colour, with purple stains at the base. Also Cymbidiura eburneox Lowianum, a three-flowered spike; colour of the flowers pale fawn, set off by a crimson line at a short distance from the edge of the sepals and petals. Messrs. Veitch's other exhibits consisted of well- grown Nepenthes, which included the striped variety of N. Veitchii, in which the voluted edge of the pitcher is green with red-brown stripes crossing it at an acute angle ; the lid is green, much striped with red, and is greatly larger than in the ordinary form of Veitchii, and the sinus is smaller and less hairv. N. Dicksoniana is a fine red pitcher. A few beau- tiful Hippeastrums (Amaryllis) came from this nur- sery— John Buskin, an immense deep crimson trumpet, excels anything yet produced for size com- bined with regularity of outline ; A. Acquisition is a bright scarlet-coloured variety, with white lines and reticulation within the flower. Mr. B. S. Williams, Paradise Nursery, Upper Hol- loway, showed a mixed group of plants in flower, amongst which we noted small examples of Odonto- glopsum Humeanum, O. baphcanthum, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Cypripedium melanopthalniura, a three-flowered plant; C. Sallieri, C. hirsutum, C. Measuresianum, C. Argus, Ljelia albida bella, Azalea indica Princess of Teck, a beautiful and large double variety, white; Ochna multiflora, and cut blooms of Sparmannia afrlcana, fl.-pl. A plant of Genista Oweniana (Everestiana X elegans) was exhibited by Mr. R. Owen, nurseries, Maidenhead. The plant, which was 2 feet in diameter, was robust of habit and was covered with spikes of bright deep yellow flowers. Primula sinensis fl.-pl. Imperial shown by him, is one of the best double Primulas ever raised — the petals are such as to give a circular form to the bloom, and are numerous enough to constitute a fairly double one ; they are dentate at the edge and mostly flat. It is a French- white, and the foliage is of the usual character. Primula sinensis blooms in considerable variety and fine quality ; and a mauve-coloured Chrysanthemum of the Japanese section, Mrs. J. N. Gerrard, origi- nating in the United States were comprised in the exhibit. Some boxes of excellently grown Violets came from W. C. Leach, gr. Albury Park, Guildford, the exhibit consisted of De Parme, Neapolitan, I\Iarie Louise, and Swanley White, the latter looking very like Corate de Brazza. Mr. J. l^ouglas, gr. to Mrs. Whitbourne, Great Gearies. Ilford, showed Hyacinthus azureus (Baker), a cuTulean blue flower-spike, standing on a foot- stalk 3 inches high, a pretty thing planted tiiickly in a pot, and useful for jardinieres. He also ex- hibited Iris Rosenbachiana, a dwarf species of some merit. Primulas were shown by Mr. K. Manning, gr. Manor House, Gunnersbury, and by Mr. Coleman, gr. Camella Lacey, Dorking. A magnificent Ciivia miniata var. Lady Wolvertou, a seedling shown by Mr. P. Davidson, Iwerne Minster, Dorset. The truss was of great size, as were the flowers individually, which were cinnabar-red, with the throat a vivid golden yellow colour ; Primula Blue Gem, which, if we err not, has been shown recently under another name, came again from Mr. R. Dean, and this time it received its Cer- tificate. The colour is blue-purple, nicely set off by the yellow eye. Hardy I'rimroses, cardinal- crimson, and Lady Sandhurst maroon-purple, were shown by the same florist. Many show-boxes, filled with cut-blooms of Ca- mellias, came from Messrs. W. Paul & Son's nursery, Waltham Cro^s. The exhibit consisted of the cream of the old and new varieties, and well showed what a wealth of colour and variety of form exist in the Camellia. The St. George's Nursery Company, Hanwell, W., made an excellent show with Cyclamen giganteura in variety. The plants, which w^re growing in 48's, were of comparatively large size, and very well bloomed — the colours pure, and the blooms above the average in size. Some hybrids of Polyanthus, consisting mainly of yellow flowers, cflmc from the nursery of Mr. H. B. May, Dyson's Lane, Lower Edmonton, useful deco- rative greenhouse plants at this season. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, exhibited a small collection of fairy and polyantha Roses chiefly as dwarfs, although there were a few Ptandards. The new Roses also shown were The Bride and Puritan, white flowers ; in Lady Castlereagh, jdnk ; Colonel Felix Breton, very dark, a nice full flower ; and Lady Alice, pink. Rosa rugosa was shown in bloom. The collection of Saxifrages in pots shown by this firm was very extensive, and among the mis- cellaneouB plants shown were Galanthus plicatits, Androsace Laggeri, Chionodoxa sardensis, Iris reticulta, Iberis stylosa, Hepatica triloba, Ranunculus anemonoides. Two pots of the pretty Saxifraga Burseriana in full flower were shown from the Society's CJardons, Chis- wick ; and a single plant of Primula petiolaris, from Profeflsor M, Foster, Cambridge, Thia is a low- growing plant with large flowers, lilac, with a white tube. Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley, contributed four interesting plants in cut specimens ; they were Mutisia clematitis, a scarlet Composite, with a long tube. It is of a trailing nature, and its large bright flowers and light green leafage make it a very desirable plant for training along rafters, &c. Calliandra Tweediana, which, with its crimson flowers makes a very conspicuous object; Canarina campanula, an old plant rarely seen, but which is most worthy of cultivation. The bell-like flowers are large, about 1 inch or more across, purplish- orange, veined with a deeper hue. It does well with Mr. Ross in a cool greenhouse. The last to be named is Hardenbergia Comptoniana, the violet and white flowers of which are wery freely produced. An extensive collection of cut Daffodils was staged by Mr. T. S. AVare, Hale Farm Nurseries, Totten- ham. The display consisted of the generally popular varieties as Horsfleldi, ornatus. Golden Spur, mos- chatus tortuosus, Telamonius, &c., relieved by bunches of Anemone fulgens, and Cyclamen Atkinsii, in red and white forms. A collection of Narcissi, in pots, was sent by Messrs. Barr & Son, who also had a good selection of Crocuses, with Chionodoxas and Irises. Among the last-named Iris Rosenbachiana was to be s'::en. This has a flower of a generally pale dull-blue colour, which is very pleasing, the falls purplish-blue at the lips, with a bright yellow crest, and lined white and blue below. The growth is about 6 inches in height. Of the Crocuses shown by Messrs. Barr, C. Sleberi var. versicolor is deserving of notice ; it has the outer face of the outer segments prettily marked with a maroon feathing on white, and the rest of the flower is quite white, with a zone of golden-yellow at the base of the perianth. C. biflorus Weldoni, white, with the outer segments coloured, with a purple-grey exteriorly, was also prominent. From Mr. A. J. Manda, 131), Barry Road, East Dulwich, was a painting of the American new feathered Chrysanthemum, Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. We have heard and read much about this novelty, and shall be glad when the time arrives when it is to be seen. Awards. First-class Ccr/ijicatcs. Amaryllis John Ruskin, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Ciivea Lady Wolverton, from Mr. Davidson. Cymbidium eburneox Lowianum, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. Cypripedium Rothschildianum, from Mr. E. Hill. Iris Rosenbachiana, from Messrs. Barr & Son. Iris Rosenbachiana, from Mr. J. Douglas (U— 5 votes). Primrose Blue Gem, from R. Dean (12—11 votes). Primula (double) Imperial White (to the strain), from Mr. Owen (1.3 — 3 votes). Award of Merit, Primula petiolaris, from Professor Foster (13—6 votes). Amaryllis Acquisition, from Messrs. J. Vfitch & Sons (10 — i votes). Cyclamen Prince of Wales (to the strain), from St. George's Nursery Co. Small Silver. —'Mr. C. Beckett, for Dcudrobium nobile Wallacei. Silver Banksiaii. — Messrs. W. Paul & Son, for cut Camellias; Mr. T. S. Ware, for a collection of Daffodils; Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for a collection of Nepenthes. Bronze Banksian. — Messrs, Barr & Son, for a collection of Daffodils; St. George's Nursery Co., for Cyclamens. Fruit Committee. Present: R. D. Blackmore, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. W. Bates, H. J. Veitch, J. Cheal, G. Cliffe, G. W. Cummins, P. Barr, C. Koss. J. Smith, W. Warren. J. Willard, J. Roberts, G. Wythes, J. Burnett, W. Denning, P. Crowley, F. Q. Lane, W. Wildsmith, W. Coleman, and H. Weir. The exhibits here were very small. Mr. Blair, gr. to the Duke of Sutherland, Trentham Gardens, Stoke, had a dish of wonderfully fine Calville Blanche Apples from trees grown in 11-inch pots. The fruits were y^ry large, clean, and of generally fine appearance, Maech 1(5, 18S9.] THE GABDENEIiS' GMHONICLE. §43 Mr. Divert, Wierton House Gardens, Maidstone, had about a dozen dishes of Apples, some of which were well kept. King of the Pippins, Winter Queen- ing, Kibston, Winter Ilawthornden, and Northern Greening were the finest. LINNEAN. March 7. — A papar was read by the Kev. Pro- fessor Uenslow, M.A., F.L.S., "On the Vascular Systems of Floral Organs, and their Importance in the Interpret.ition of the Morphology of Flowers." The author drew attention to tlie importance of this class of observations, as supplementing development and teratology; fur by referring all organs back to their "axial traces," their real urigiii.s could gene- rally be discovered. Taking the words metaphori- cally as "Uoral units," he explained how they can, as it were, give rise to axes as well as to all kinds of floral appendages. Quoting Van Tieghem's definitions of axial and foliar characters, the former was shown to be subject to exception?. After describing the arrangements of the cords in ]ieduncles and pedicels, in which endogens olten have the cords as regu- larlv placed as in exogens, the author explained thedifferent w.v.s by which j'edicels of umbels are formed in e.ach c'aw respectively. The " chorisis " and union of cords were illustrated, and the ellects produced. Considerable light was thrown upon the cohesion and adhesion of organs, and the interpretntion of the " receptacular tube ' and " inferior ovary " was shown to depend upon the undifferentiated state of the organs when in congenital union. The true nature ol a.xile and free central placentas was revealed, so that in the case of the former, with scarcely any exception, the axis takes no part in the structure, all " carpophores," "stylopods," &c., being simply the coherent and hyp'ertrophied margins of carpels. Similarly the free central placenta of Primula received its inter- pretation as consisting of the coherent and ovuli- ferous bases of five carpels which have the upper parts of their margins coherent in a pariet.al manner. Illustrative diagrams were exhibited of nearly seventy genera typical of about thirty orders. The paper was favourably criticised by Dr. U. II. Scott, Mr. A. W. Bennett, and Professor Marshall Ward. ©Ijitttars. The Earl of Radnor. — In the death of the Earl of Kadnor, at noon, on Jlonday, March U, in his seventy-fourth year, his dependents have lost a kind and just master, the poor a kind and generous friend, and horticulture a liberal patron. He was a Fellow of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies of London, and Pre- sident of the Wilts Horticultural Society. He took a great interest in the latter, and subscribed liberally to its funds. He spent a good deal of his leisure time in his gardens at Longford Castle, visiting them almost ever;- day. He was a very good judge of all kinds of fruits and flowers. He is succeeded in the title and estates by a most worthy son. W. H. O. Sankey, M.D. — We regret to announce the death of William Heney Octavius Saxket, M.D., at Boreatton Park, Shrewsbury, on the 8th inst. The deceased gentleman was an enthusiastic horticulturist, much devoted to florists' flowers and the raising of seedlings. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 11, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The wmther has varied considerably at different times during this period. On some days the sky was comparatively clear clear, but on others it was densely overcast, and rain, sleet, or snow were ex- perienced. During the 6th, 7th, and 8th, the rain- fall was unusually heavy over the south-western parts of the kingdom ; on the 8th very large amounts were also measured in some parts of central England. "The ?!?'»/'CJ'fl!'«r? has continued below the mean, but the deiicit has been much less than that of last week. The highest of the maxima (which were re- corded on somowliat irregular dates), ranged from 47^ in ' Scotland, \V.," to r>4" in ' England, S ,* ' Ire- land, S.,' and the * Channel Islands." The lowest of the minima were generally registered on the 5t,l), when the thermometer fell to lO'^ in 'Scotland, E.' at (Aberdeen and Hraeniar),'and to between 15° and l*o^ in the other ' Wheat producing' districts in the western parts of the kingdom. The minima ranged from L*4^ to 'At^, while in the 'Channel Islands' the lowest reading was 2'J^. " The Rainfall has been more than the mean over I'iHglish, but less in Ireland and Scotland; in the nortli-east and south-west of England the amount has been nearly three times as much as the mean, and in the ' Midland Counties' almost four times. The largest amount recorded at any of our stations during twenty-four hours was 206 inches, at Lough- borough on the -sth. "Bright sunshine shows an excess on that of last Week in most districts. The percentage of the pos- sible amount of duration ranged from ^0 to 38 over Great Britain, and from 4^1 to i33 in Ireland." [Hv tht" term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the ugii^regate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below ■\2° l''ahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours ] Is? II Temi'Eratuke. I Rainfall. Ekight Sun. Accumulated XI 8 a a : possible Dura- ^he week. : possible Dura- Jan. 1, 1889. „• « s i = 2!f ^ o 3 no; !i •-a 5 = 5 5 .2^ > 3 3 o 6 c 3 « o P H ^ h Day- Dag- Day- Ddy- i lOths In. deR. ieg. deg. deg. Inch. 1 2 — 1 39 — 21 + 87 2 — 53 10.9 33 19 2 .1 — 2 45 — .10 + 9i 3- 42 3.8 30 25 3 4 - 0 42 — 61 + 73^ 7 + 37 3.6 31 22 i 3 — 9 41 — 89 + 155 3 + 37 3.2 34 22 0 4 — 4 42 — 94 + 126 14 + 34 4.7 30 19 e 3 — 11 29 - 95 + 118! 36 4.3 32 1 19 7 3 — 4 31 - 29 + 37| 2 - 43 8.9 33 23 8 4 — 3 31 — 58 + 45 1 + 37 4.6 31 23 9 4 - 12 29 — 90 + 106 12 + 37 8.0 37 25 10 2 - 14 30 - 28 + 26 2 — 50 6.8 43 21 11 3 18 35 - 38 + 35 2 — 44 7.6 53 27 1-' 1 - 25 7 — 36 -68 + 47 6.0 ■39 29 Tlie districts indicated by number in the lirst column the following : — Principal Wlicnt- producing Districts — 1, Scotland. L>, Scotland. K. ; 3, England, X,E. ; 4, Enghmd, o. Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Priiunpal Grazing, iVc.. Districts — 1, Scotland, W. England, N.W. ; 9, England. 3.W. ; Ift. Ireland. 11. Ireland, 3. ; 12, Channel Islands. E.; Markets, COVENT GARDEN, March 14. [W^e cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kimlnew of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It mu.st be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the Bamples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Now we are in Lent our market is very quiet, and hothouse goods are dull, with the exception of well- kept Grapes, which maintain their value. Janics Webber, iVholesale Apple Marl:et. Fruit.— Average Wholesaie Prices. s. d. s. d. Apples, halt-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Orapea, per ib. ... 1 ti- 4 6 s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apple8,Eng.,lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 3 0-80 Strnwb 0 0-lJ II 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-18 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 Cut Flowers. Abutillons, 12 bun,... Anemone,Fr.,12bun. ArumLilies.l2blooms Azaleas, 12 sprays ... Bouvardias, per bun. Camellias, white, 12 blooms — red, 12 blooms,., Carnations, 12 blms. Daffodils.dbl. 12bun. — single, 12 bun,,.. — French, 12 bun. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias. 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 epr. Lilac. wJiite Fr.,bun. — lilac- coloured, p. bunch Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. Marguerites, 12 bun. Mignonette, 12 bun. —Average Wholesale Prices, s. rf. s. rf. s, 3 0-60 Narcis., paper-white, 2 II- 6 0 (French), 12 bun... 2 3 0-60 — double. 12 bun... 1 0 6- 1 0 Pelargoniums, 12 apr. 1 0 9-10 — scarlet, 12 spr,... 0 Primroses, 12 bun.,., 1 2 0-40 Primula.s. dbl.. 12 sp. 1 0 9-20 Roses, Tea, per doz. 2 2 0- .'J 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 4 0- 9 0 — red.perdozen ... 6 6 0-12 0 — Safrano, dozen... 2 2 6-40 Safrano (Fr.), doz.,.. 1 3 0-60 Snowdrop?, 12 bun... 1 9 0-15 0 Tuberoses, 12 blms.... 2 0 6-10 Tulips, 12 blooms .., 0 4 0-60 Violets, 12 bunches... 1 — dark. Fr,, bunch 1 — Parme. Fr., bun. 2 Wallllowers, 12 bun. 4 — French, 12 bun. 1 3 0-50 0 6-10 3 0-60 2 0-40 rf. s. rf, 0-6 0 6- 3 0 0- 1 fl 6-0 9 0-16 0- 1 6 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-9 0 0-4 0 0-3 0 U- 3 0 0-4 0 8-10 0-16 0- 2 0 6- 3 6 0-6 0 0-2 0 SEEDS. London: March 13. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, write that the saturated state of the land still limits the sowing demand for field seeds, values in the meantime remaining without any alteration, white stocks are moderate and arrivals light. Kather more inquiry for Peas, Haricofe neglected ; Rape seed moves upward ; Mustard remains unchanged ; Scarlet Ilunners continue in brisk request, but seeds meet with a meagre sale. COBN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending March 9:— Wheat, 30a. Id.-, Barley, 2(55.; Oats, 16s. lOf/. For the corresponding week in 1888 : — Wheat, 30s. 6rf. ; Barley. 20s. 7d. ; Oats, 10s. U. EBXHT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields, March 13. — American Apples, 9s. 6(^ to 155. per barrel; English, do., 3s, Qd. to 7s. per bushel; do., Is. ^d. to 3s. per half-bushel; Cauli- flowers, Sd. to Is. ijd. per dozen ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is, 3f^. to Is. ^d. per sack ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. Zd, to Is, i)d, per half-sieve : Turnip-tops, Is. 'dd. to 2s. Sd, per sack ; Spinach, Is. Qd. to 2s. per bushel ; Parsnips, ^d. to Is. per score ; Beetroots, ^M. to Is. per dozen ; Seakale, Is. Sf^.to Is. M. per punnet ; Turnips, Is. Qd. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, Is. *M. to 2s Qd. do. ; Kadishes, Ad. to ^d. do. ; Parsley, 7s. to 9s. do. ; Rhubarb (forced), Is. ^d, to 25. 'Sd. per dozen bundles ; do. (natural), 3s, Qd. to 3s. do. ; Celery, 10s. to 135. do. ; Horseradish, Is, to Is. 'dd. per bundle ; English Onions, 65. to 7s. per cwt. ; Spanish do,, os. &^. to 7s. per case ; Bordeaux do,, 4s. Qd. to 5s. do. ; Dutch do., 2s. ijd. to 25. 9fZ. per bag; Belgian do., 3s, to 4s. do.; Carrots, 'JOs. to 20s. per ton ; Mangpls, 16s. 6^^. to 19^. do. Ui THE OABDENEHS' CSl^ONTCLK [Mabch 1G. 18$!». Stratford; March 12. — Supply has been good daring the past week, and a brisk trade was done at the undermentioned prices : — Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. 6d. to 3s. do. ; Greens, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen ; Cauliflowers, la. 9d. to 2s. 3d. do.'; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, household, 20s. to 3os. per ton ; do., cattle feeding, 18s. to 20s. do. ; Parsnips, 40s. to 60s., do. ; Mangels, 12s. to 18s. do. ; Swedes, 12s. to 17s. do. ; Onions, English, 120s. to 140s. per ton ; do., Dutch, 3s. dd. to 4s. Qd. per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 5s. to iys. per case ; Apples, English, Ss. to 6s. per bushel ; Watercress, 6d. per dozen ; Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 25. per dozen bundles ; Cress, 2s. per dozen baskets ; Celery, 6d. to Is. per roll ; Carrots, 25. to 2s. Qd. per dozen bunches. FOTATOS. BoEOUGH AND SpiTALFiELDs ; March 12. — Fair supply and slow trade, prices about steady. Scotch Regents, 80s. to 120s.; English, 65s. to 100s. ; Hebrons, 705. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonnms, 65s. to 100s. ; Scotch, do., 905. to 120s. ; other varieties, 60s. to OOs. per ton. SpiTALFiEtDs : March 13. — Quotations ;— Cham- pions, 55s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 65s. to 80s. ; Regents, 75s. to 110s. ; Hebrons, 555. to 70s. ; Magnums, 50s. to 80s. ; Scotch do., 70s. to lOOs. per ton. Stratford : March 12. — Quotations : — Scotch Magnums, 70s. to 1055. ; do., Regents, 805. to 110s. ; English do. 60s. to SOs. ; do. Magnums (light), 60s. to 90s. ; do. (dark), 60s, to 65s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, old prime, 126s. to 144s. ; do., best second, 86s. to 120s. ; do., inferior, 365. to 705. ; prime old Hay, 108s. to 126s. ; new, 905. to 1055. ; inferior, 50s. to 705. ; old straw, 42s. to 48s. ; new, 28s. to 405. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do please Note that letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such communications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. Apple Seeds Rattlino: E. C. CD. 1, some do so, but not all ; 2, it is a question of ripeness. Books : F. V. D, Elementary Lessons in Botanical Geoijraphy, by J. G. Baker (London : Lovell, Reeve & Co.) ; Cape Flora (Harvey & Sonder) ; Flora Capensis, unhappily incomplete ; Australian Flora : and Bentham's Flora Australiensis, in seven volumes.— IT. S. The only book under the title Practical Gardener that is worthy of the name is Jas. Anderson's, published by Mackenzie, 22, Paternoster Row. It may now only be met with at the old book-stalls. Camellias : A Siihscriher. Please do not mix up four different inquiries on one sheet of paper. Probably the buds have fallen from excessive watering and too high a temperature. Corrections.— In report of Scottish Horticultural Association, p. 306, col. 1, line 3, read £350 for £250 ; and at line 6 read Mr. Calder, of Calder- bank, for Carter, of Carterbank. Cdpressds torulosa : B. The figure in the Garden is the same that was given in Paxton's Flower Garden, 205. It represents C. macrocarpa, rather than tomlosa. CvPRipEDioji Lawkenceanum : 0. S. W. The finest flowers of this species which we have seen for a considerable time. DODBLE-FLOWERED CiNERARIA : il. if. As gOod as could be wished. Names of Plants : B. S. I, Pernettya mucronata ; 2. Prunus serotina ; 3, Ceanothus azureus ; 4, Pedilanthus tithymaloides ; 5, Lysimachia num- mularia ; 6, Thuia (Biota) orientalis. — W. B. Valeriana Phu. — G. H. G. 1, Ruscus racemosus ; 2. Rubus rosajflorus ; 3, iEsthynanthus grandi- florus. We cannot explain the appearance of your Yew in the absence of further particulars. — H. B. 1, 2, 3, Helleborus seedlings; 4, Miltonia cuneata. — A Siihscriher. Anthericnm lineare variegatum, Oncidium volvox. Odontoglossum pulchellum has a thin, erect spike, bearing from two to seven white, wax-like, flat flowers.— £. C. 1, Pteris cretica albo-lineata ; 2, Adiantum pubescens ; 3, A. hispidulum ; 4, A. Capillus-veneris ; 5 and 6, Pteris serrulata ; 7, Doodia caudata. NOMENCLATCRE OF GARDEN VARIETIES: X. The rule adopted at the International Congress in 1867 runs as follows :—" Art. 40. Among cultivated plants, seedlings, metis [crosses] of doubtful origin, and sports [bud variations], receive fancy [arbi- trary] names in the vernacular, and as different as possible from the Latin names of species and varieties." Garden varieties of any kind should not be confused with wild or newly introduced species or varieties, as they inevitably are if the nomenclature proper to the latter class is applied to garden varieties. No one questions the pro- priety of the law, but unfortunately, owing to mere thoughtlessness, it is oftener observed in the breach than in the observance by horticulturists. Odontoolossdm Roezlii ; F. S.M. The many changes of temperature to which the plant has been sub- jected, are no doubt accountable for the appear- ances seen. Snowdrop : H. Frank, Leipzig, The common form ; not Galanthus imperati. Strawberries and Soot: A. W. G. If you put 1 inch of soot at the bottom of the pots, the result will be disastrous. A sprinkling of the soot is all that is necessary. Vine Leaves : ViniiM. The leaves are covered on the under-surface with warts, an indication of a want of proper balance between heat, moistuiT, and ventilation. Probably enough attention has not been paid to the ventilation. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Ketten Brothers, Luxemburg — New Roses. Thibadt & Ketei.eeb, 107, Rue Houdan, Sceaux — General Plant Catalogue. Harrison & Sons, Leicester — Farm Seeds. J. R, Pearson & Sons, Chilwell, Notts— New Zonal Pelargoniums. Dobie & JIason, 6(), Queensgate, and 22 Oak Street, Manchester — Farm Seeds. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, 73, Nethergate, Dundee- Farm Seeds. R. W. Proctor, Ashgate Road, Chesterfield — Florists' Flowers. Kent & Brydon, Darlington— F^arm Seeds. Hogg & Wood, Coldstream, N.B.— Grasses, Clovers, and Manures. H. W. Hales, Ridgewood Floral Nursery, Kidge- wood, New Jersey, U.S.A.— New Chrysanthe- mums. J. M. jEFrnEv, 16, High Street. Uxbridge— Seeds. CoMMUXiCiTIONS BlccElVED.— 0. D. S.— GardeiKT.— L. I'libsl. \V, W.— H. Pike— \V. Ley.— R. R — G. Dnuks.— W. Dowi.es (many thanks; no).— J. C. W.— Arthur Frv.— G. Brumell— W. B. and W. \V. (neit week)- F. Asliton.— N. E. B,— C. B. G.— J. R.— .T. S.— G. B. B.— J. C- E.— B. A.-G. B.- J. O. E.— .T. F. I).— VV. Moody-J. D.— W. G. S.— K. A. Eolte. —J. E.— J. Veitch & Sons. E^ Correspondents sending plantK or fruits to hf. named, or askmij fjuestion^ demanding time and research for their tolution. mttst not expect in all cases to obtain an ansiocr to their en- quiries in the current ivee/i. DIED, on the 2nd inst., Jessie, wife of Phil. Garcia, of Covent Garden, respected by all who knew her. On the 28th nit., Charles Fbajer, of The Horticnltural Works, Palace Plain, Norwich. e THOUSAND PRIMULAS THE FINEST STRAIN IN THE WORLD NOW IN GROWTH AT CARTERS' NtTKSEBIES, FOR SEED PURPOSES. Pronounced hy tlic Horticultural Press to be the Finest Collection in e.ristence. SEED FOR PRESENT SOWING. Price, in Sealed Packets, 2 6, 3/6, 6 -, post-free. Royal Seeds.mkn" by Sealfd Wakrakt, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. KELWAY & SON. Now is the time to plant : — GLADIOLI, of which we grow 20 acres. P.EONIES. do. do. 6 „ PYRETHRnis, ,lo. do. 3 „ BELPHINIIT.MS. do. do. 3 „ GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 ,, " The largest collection in the world," for which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies of London have been given. See our MANU.4L for 1889, Gratis and Post-free. LANGPORT, SOMEBSET. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PARTICULARS ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Nurseries, CHESTER. (Limited) . TREES, FLOWERS, AND SEEDS PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, For the Best ROSES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, For tlie Bcsl SEEDS, BI'LIiS. &c. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, For the Best FRUIT TREES and GRAPE VIXES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM GROSS, For the Best EVERGREENS, Park and Roadside TREES. PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, clof^c to tlio Walthnm Cross Station. Grcnt Eastern Railwiiy (haU an hour from Loinion.> INSPECTION INVITED. Prices low as possible. Priced Catalogues firee. Gooilfi J'lic/.al by cxfieriencr.il. h,ind>i for all pfirts of the World. Obserm- the C/irL^t1>i)i nmne. WM. PAUL & SON Rose Growers by Appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, Tree, Plant, Bulb, and Seed Merchants. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil IHlzture, Free to all Statlona Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatohee, &0< Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free. LA BELLE 8AUTA0B TARD, LVDOATB HILL, E.a BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN.— Oucoim! for Cash. I Mabch 16, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 345 SANKEY & SON'S WORLD # FAMED GARDEN POTS. Conflne themselves " solely " to the manufacture of "GAR- DEN POTS." n(l/ta/tc(4chtfie(^/&^ Wt/3 Through the study of half a century, they have ac- quired ihe P proper materials to be mixed with the clay In order to produce a " Garden Pot ' In which all plant life will Sourish. This is acknowledged by the trade ; and the result is that their " Garden Pots " are used by all successful growers from Aberdeen to Penzance, also In the Channel Isles, Ireland, New Zealand. &c. No Waiting. Millions In Stock. poaoua rnjSCEANEST -: -: ; CHEAPEST _ ^-^ -^R ICESS Press Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. , ^, . . " A man-elIou3 contrast to tlie ordinary Garden I'ot in stHMi^lIi. liphtm'sa, brilliant colour, and finish. —GUnny s- AnnitnL •' The testimonials underrate their excellency ; they are the lightest fyet strong, porous, and well burnt) pots we have ever seen. '—Aiirthei-n Gariiener. " Scientific process of manufacture— fireing perfect. Market Pots cnpitjil ; fnvour close packing, utmost economy in space under glass.— Gart/eJicr-s Mftganni:. " Excellent Garden Tots. Show careful making and burning, with the employment of first-rate materials."*- Garrfeiicr.s- CVtronic/c. " We cannot but speak in the highest terms of them. The Pots have a firm metallic ring, are elegant and light, S(.c."—J.t. FIGS from 3s. 6^. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation. Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning. Lifting, Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms. Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh, Flavour. Use. Growth, Duration, Season. Price. &c., free by post. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well knoim to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extro per bushel for package), or 6d. per cake ; free by parcel post, 1«. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages ana printed cultural directions enclosed, w^'^h oursignatureattached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchant!, Highgate NorserieB, N. 346 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabcb 16, 1889. O R C H I D SI Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c., to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE, Special care given In packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. CHOICE HARDY FLOWERING PLANTS. Special Cheap Oflfer for Clearance. All good strong stuff for blooming next summer. Packing and carriage free at prices quoted for cash : — Per doz. CARNATIONS AND PIC0TEE3, fine seedlings s. d. from a splendid collection, will produce some grand flowers, per 100, 155 2 6 CANTERBURY BELLS. Dean's Hybrids, strong pLints, per lOu, 10s. 6d. 1 6 HOLLYHOCKS, Chater's superb strain, per 100, 2.5s., six for 2s. 6d 4 6 PANSIES, strong seedlings from a grand strain of biot<:bed flowers, sown last .Tune.lper 100,10s. 6rf. 1 6 ., Blue King, per 100, 105. 6rf 1 6 POLYANTHUS. Gold-laccd, very fine, per 100. 16s. 2 6 PHLOXES, herbaceous, established plants, in beau- tiful variety to name, per 100, 305.; six for2j. 6rf ■» 6 PYRETHRUMS. single-flowered, strong plants, in beautiful named sorts, per 100, 30s. ; six for 2s. Gd i 6 STRAWBERRY PLANTS. LaxtOn'B Noble, the grand new eurly prolific (true) per 100, 25s 4 0 1000, in ten superb varieties, 35s. 100, in ten „ „ 5s. 6rf. DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, NORWICH. THE FINEST BLUE MARROW PEA. SHARPE'S QUEEN. 2s. 6d. per Pint, Is. ed. per Half-pint. Sealed Packet. Post-free. THE HEAVIEST CROPPING VARIETY. THE FINEST POD. THE FINEST IN COLOUR. THE FINEST IN FLAVOUR. THE FINEST IN EVERY WAY. CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD. CATALOGUES ON APPLICATION. SEEDS VEGETABLE I FLOWER SEEDS, SEED POTATOES, GARDEN TOOLS I SUNDRIES. All of finest quality. Prices Strictly Moderate. Delivered free by Rail or Parcel Post Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No- 353, POST FBEB ON APPLICATION. (Limited) The Royal Nurseries 4 Seed Establishments, lettebs'S'teleobaiib: r DlCKSODS, CD6St6r. A Good Thins to Use. We have pleasure in drawing the attention of Plant Growers to LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— A first-class article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Easily used and low in price. Aui/ierojis Testimonials, Prices:— Pint, Is. 6f/.; quart, 2s. 9rf. : ^gallon. 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s.; 4 gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply lo WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery. Altrindiam; 10 — 12. Market Street, Manchester. BEESON'S MANUKE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is,, 23. 6rf., 5s. 6rf., and 10s. M. eaoh, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or npplv direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheflield. SILVER SAND ! I (Bedfordshire coarse and fine) — best in the market, 20,000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lota. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32. Polygon, London, N.W. Established nearly 30 years. Telegrams- " Alloquy, London." Trade supplied. To Market Gardeners, &c. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied eitluT separately or mixed with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, post free. Price, free on rail at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt.. or 7s. per 56 lbs. — Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER. Sheffield Ga9 Company. Sheffield. ]VA-TIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest -Ll JVUnube for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts Jrom Thirteenth Annual Collection of Heports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c.^C. FiDLER, Reading, used it for Potato3, and says;—" I found your Mauure give very satisfactorj' results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailev, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Rosea, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — "I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says : — " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited. 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. QULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A 0 certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons ot wlution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.(Limited). 9.Bull Ring, Birmingham. For Green and Black Fly. American Blight, Camellia Scale. Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Erown and Wliite Scule, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. ^ i D T /^ t> C M A " THE UNIVERSAL r^lVy riCilXrlj INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL- EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. /»'y 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good as send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strenuth, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°. seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectuallv dissolves Mealy Bug, and to far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer te.st of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or ^pray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methveu & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London, Jamiaryl, 1888. " Gkntlemen— I liave given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. 1 am plefused to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything wo have ever usp il. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Floriats, in Bottles at Is. 6rf., 2s. 6rf., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. 6rf. and 205, each; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared onh/ by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., CliemlBtB tO the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S, WILLIAMS, ^'irtoria nrnl Puradisfi Nurseries, Upper HoUoway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS AND SON. 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. BONES !-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawn?. Potting. Grass Lauds, Sec. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feoding, GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES. Special MANURES and FERTILIZERS for all purposes. For Prices, apply to HARRISON, BARBER ft 00. (Limited). GARRETT LANE, WANDSWORTH. SURREY. fl.W. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Sii Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J, JENSEN and CO.. (Limited), 109. Fenchurch Street, London. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refu-se, best quality, Is, 3d. per sack; lu sacks, 10s.; 20 for 1S.S. ; 30 for 25s.; sacks included; truck, containing more than two ton, 28s., free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d.; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. Qd. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. Gd. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. Qd. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia. Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. Gd. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3 per sack. Sa«ks and Bags, id. each. Specialite Tobacco Paper, lOrf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Finest Tobacco Cloth, lOrf. per lb. ; 28 lb., 21s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality. 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb., 5s. 6rf.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.- W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange. Southwark Street, London. S.E. (near London Bridge). GARDEN ~ REQUISITES. __ Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Maxket. (AU sacks included.) PEAT, best bro^v^l (ibrous ... 6s. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. 6rf. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. Gd. ,, 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST lis. per bush., Ss. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush.. Us. half-ton, 24,. ton. RAFFIA FIERE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb. ; 28 lb., 27l. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 3^. per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S"PEKFECT"FER-'l IM Bias. TILIZER (the Best Food for ( . ' , all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. I41b. 281b. 661b. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bono Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/- SUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES, PERUVIAN GUAJiO. NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales. 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultry Pens. Raboits, &c. , in Sacks, Is. 6d. each ; )0 Sacks. 12s. 6o!. ; 20 Sacks. 23s. COCOA-KUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. 4rf. each; lOsacks, 125. 6rf.; ISsacks, 17s.6rf.: aosacks, 20s. : 26 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s. : Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. SFEClAl MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists, Market Gardeners and others (concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S " PRODUCTIVE " .AIANURE. in bags, £3 per ton (bags included) ; sample 1 c%vt. bag, 4s., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any other manure, no matter what price. CHUBBS " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANIRE, in bags. £2 per ton (bags included); s,imple lc"t.bag. 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictlij Ciisk with order. Bunkers. L'nim Bank of Ijvidon . CHUBB, FOUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Milwall, London, E. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE Is now used and highly recommended by nearly all the leading Gardeners. Bottles, 2s.. .3s. 6(^. ; Half-Gall., 5s. ; One Gall.. '.»s. From the Trade, or sent direct by JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS, BARROW-ON-H UMBER, HULL. PEAT for ORCHIDS, AZALEAS, HEATHS, FERNS, RHODODENDRONS, &c. The Best In tbe World. A, .JOHNSON A»r CO.. 23. Lendenhall Street, London, E.C., continue to receive the highest of testimonials (unsolicited) from largo Orchid Growers, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J. & Co. is by far the best they have ever u.sed. Samples can be Been at above address, or forwarded on application free of charge. BONE FERTILISER. FOR FLOWERS, LAWNS. EASILY USED. VINES, AND VEGETABLES Qn-ES SPLENDID RESULTS. By Parcel Post. Is. 1 111. Tin, 9d. 2 lb. Tin. Is. 6ii. Do. 1». lOii. 1'8 lb., 5s. ; .56 lb.. 10s.. Free to Carriers. Order from Florists, or direct from tbe Makers, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO. BXLF AiT. Mabch Ifi, 1889.] THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE. 347 THE NEW INSECTICIDE, LITTLE'S ^]N[XIPEST»PO'soNOUS mXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itae If the Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUART, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATAIiOGTTE of Greenhouses and Heating: Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of whieh it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. pOSt-fTCe. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by OS enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very begt style, at pries which defy competition, Sur\'ey3 made and ■gentlemen -waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone— No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their NEW PATENT (No 9090, I888) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, Wliich. is^ witliout. doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market. /( combines all the ad' vantages of its class so well known, and bi/ the improved method of forming the joints — ri^., n'ith India- rvbber Washers, the Old and too often Ineffect- nal way of caulking tbe Joints Is entirely dispensed with. /( can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thoroughly sound and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every possible rvay. more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result has been highly satisfactory. 'CTION OFPATTHTJOtKT - • THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &C. rNSPECTIOy INVITED. PRICE II.SX ON APPLICATION, ILLUSTRATED CATALOOITE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON^^S,E. LINDLElf S SCHOOL BOTANY. A Complete Manual of Rudimentary Botany for Students, o.ii:-#> 400 Illustrations 8vo, cloth, price 5s. 6d. ' .^■^~.r.!\ .snaoItiiO !:.t<>Hp::L°'"^°° i Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bonrerie Street, E.C. ..^ .,:5ii .v GLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS IVIITE KILLER. A CURE AT LAST FOR TillS DREADFUL PEST. This iLSsertioii will probably be doubted, but if living mites are examineil under a powerful microscopo, and a drop of solu- tion i,s applied, it will bt* soen that death i.s inatautjvneous, and if the Solution is let down accordinj^ to tlio directions, it kills in from h to 10 minutes. IL may be objected that when unhealthy Eurharis are watered with the violation, it cannot touch the mitea between the mialcH. Prautice, however, haa proved that it does ; and tlie most unhealthy Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. ^xtmcrous Testimonials. Prices; — J pint. Is. flrf. ; 1 pint, 'Js. Qd. ; I quart, 4*. 6d. ; j- gallon, 75. dd. ; 1 gallon, 12s. tSd. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurnery, Altrincham; 10—13, Market Street, Manchester. RCHID PEAT, best quality ; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON Biiil AZALEA, PEAT. Samijles and Prices to WALKER AND CO., FarnborouKli, Hants. SAVE HALF THE COST. G A R S I D E'S BEDFORDSHIRE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal siipeii'ision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all part8. GEO. GARSIDE. Jun.. F.R.H.3.. Leighton Buzzard. Beds. HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an Insecticide, it kills effectually all parasites aud insects whifh infest plants whether at the roots or on the foliage, without injury to tender plants^ such as ferns, etc., it used as directed. Used as a WASH it imparts the gloss and lustre to the foliage which is so desirable on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without itt It makes a Bilky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action; kills fleas, and iq excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be without it I Usecl with ordinary household soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTAlirr, BLEACHER, &.CLEAN'ER OF FABRICS. It kills insect life on man, animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, whorevor parasites may appear. Sold by Seedsmenand Chemists. Is. 6d.,2s. 6d. & 4r. 6d.; Jgallon/s. 6d.,l gallon 12s. 6d.,rfr less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISlOE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. Wirr>i,KSALR from-all the lAjndon Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK— RoLKBE & Sons. IBHURST COMPOUND, used by leadT^ Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet groiind. Boxes, Gd. and \s., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. Garden Nettings. Hothouse Shadings, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS, TIFFANY. RIGBY. WAINWEIOHT and CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works. Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists. ETTING, Tanned and Waterproof, of all kinds, for Garden purposes. Cheapest house in the Trade. Write for samples and prices before ordering elsewhere. Numerous testimonials. SPASHETT AMD CO., Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BEST QUALITY ONLi'. Pit Lights, 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either 3 or 4 bars for 8 in. or 10 in. glass, 4j.9(/. each ; or, by the 100, is.Qd. «ach. IJ X y Rafters. 75. per 100 feet. }} X 2J ., 6s. per 100 feet. All other materials at equally low prices. Free on Rail. Cash with Order. «end for Quotations. RICHARD TAYLOR, '*^ '^ HORTICULTURAL WORKS, EDMONlX^jy'^f^^*)!-/' 348 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 16, 1889. FT^ire: SHOW ROOMS THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price 5^' per doz. For Cash with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES D AFTER MADE. For training Peas instead of sticks. Trainingplantstowalls, &c. In Panels. 6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 feet by 4 feet ... 3s. each. 6 feet by 5 feet ... 4s. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 6s. each. Made any size to order at following prices :— 6 in. 4 in. 3 in. 2 in. li in. mesh. 2rf. 3rf. Z\d. 4rf. 4|rf. per foot super. Illustrated Catalogue on Application. J. J. THOMAS & CO., 87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. LONDON. E.O No. 81. GAI. VANIS ^^m: ^ <^ AA ^ swi/BBRwm. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8B. Gd. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12b. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... Putty, 6s. 6rf. per cwt. ; Speciality, 17s. &i. per cwt. ; 30s. ; Oxford Ochre. 24s. ; VamiBh. from 6s. 6rf. per i 12 X 10. 18 X 12, 18 X 14, 24 X 14. 14X12.20X12, 18X16,24X16, 16x12, 16X14, 20X16, 24x18, &0. ; White Lead, genuine, 21s. ; Our ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre, ; Green, 16s. ; Black, 16s. per cwt. ; Sal. — Full Price List on applica- D COMFANT, 95, Biehopsgate Street Within. London. E.G. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the T^argest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. C. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRnRY LANE. W.C. ARCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia Mats and Raffia at lower prices than supplied by any other firm ; also all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Canes, and other Sundries at Wholesale Prices to the Trade only. MABENPAZ AKD FISHER, Jaine8Stre«t,COTeHtG&rdeD,W.O. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. All Goods (lelirered carria^/e paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AMD AT 118, QUEEN VICTOEIA STKEET, LONDON, E.G. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &G. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. t4£ _^-3^' ^^ Si>*ii 1 1 ^t1m Its (3^ V en for Larpp Contr cX-^ in Fencing, Rooting, &r. IVrsonal Surreys of Estates made, ami practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock always on Hand. Special quotations for quantities. GLASS. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At Imoest possible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. : PROTECT YOUR PLANTS m Gl DOMQ ,,^EGI5TE:RED ■ '^ TRADE MAF IFOR PRICE LIST*. PARTICULARS AoDRE! RENJAMINRDGINGTON 13 2 Poke S^'Ki Lonoon Bh/oge \ TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, IJrf. per yard ; lO.t. per 100 yards : 25 yards. 3 yards w:di', post- free, 4j. ; 4 yards wide, 3rf. per yard. 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1-inch mesh, 1 T«'d wide. 2rf. ; 2 yards wide. 3i.; 4 yards wide. M. per yard. COTTON NETTINO, 54 inches wide. 19 meshes to square inch. 7a!. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees, ic). PILCHARD NETTINO. 13 yards wide, finch mesh, W. per yard.— W. OULLINQFOW). 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London. E. Made in superior earthenware, 14 in. long, 6^ in deep,anil6in. wide. Inside, 2\ inches from the top, is a perforat«d movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttines or seeds is placed, the lower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-iDch hot^ water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price 35. each ; glass shade for top. Is. 6rf. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application, raT-HoTi Pn+a I Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade. uaraen rois. | r^^^^ ^^^ ^.^jj j^^^^^.^ porous, and of a splen- did colour and shape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pott«ry of every description. Send for Price List.— THOS. PASCALL « SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, 8.E CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet „ 4 feet „ .2 feet „ 4 feet „ 6 feet „ 5 feet „ i2 feet „ 5 feet „ Larger siz^ at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Hoyal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, Sec, 3, Holtoway Road, N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Buildkrs and Heating Engineers, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapelii, Shoi^iting Lodges, TfmiiH Courts, CottJJges, Sec. Hot - water Apparatui for w&rming Building of every description. Illustrated Circutart Post-free. Oomplet* OatalOffU*, Sa. JiAiicu IG, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. S49 "DARLINGTON" Miuli tlittii iiiiy OtIUT. .nullity pimnui- tee.l. CouipKtf |iroti'.-- tion witli tliortiu^li ventila- nppli- L'iition. GLASS WALL-COVER ISVKXTOKS AXD SOLE MaKKKS : — W. RICHARDSON&CO., Borticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. STOCK ^^ m ^'^^' Inches. ^ Inches. UxU M 20X16 16X13 MiM W 20X16 18X13 l^ 23x16 30X13 '£ ^ r 24X16 16 XU ^ 30x18 18x11 *^ 22x18 30x14 . - 34X18 21-OZ. and 16-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEOBOE FAKlfflliOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants, S4. St. Johu street. West Smlthfield. London. E.C. stock Lists aud Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. BOULTON&PAUirNORwfcr ^^^i^ No. 74.— THBEE-aXJARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turnover, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best 2I-0Z. English glass, and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.\ /'£2 1.5 0 2 ,, 3 „ B hv 6 Casn „ 12 „ by fa „ Carriage J 4 7 6 6 0 0 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 ,, and ^ 7 12 6 5 „ 6 „ 20 by 6 P^^l^iS 9 5 0 Uo 17 6 CARRIAGE is paid to any station in EnpHnd and Wales, to Dublin. Cork Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stati ns equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Hcnd Line charged as two. 4 6 6 7 8 e 10 11 12 13 14 Lines £0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Lines 16 „ 17 ,, 18 „ 19 . „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ £0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE, If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be II set across three Columns the lowest chartre will Page, £8; Halt Page, JM 10s. ; Column, £3. 8 6 9 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 6 20j. be 301. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations, 26 words, including name and address. Is. 6d., and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned agaimt having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-o/fices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kinqdo.M: 12 Months, 158.; 6 Months, 7S. 6d. ; 3 .Months, 3b. 9d, Foreign (excepting India and China): including Postage, 178, 6d. for 12 Months; India and China 198. 6d, Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE, W.C. to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advehtisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ""rOBACCO FIBRE, CLOTH, and PAPER. -L Best in the market, is. per pound, on receipt of remit- tance and postage. W. DaULI.NGTON, Cross Street, South Hackney, N.E. yoR SALE, at about One-third Cost Price, -C a nearly new EXHIBITION PLA.NT VAN. 15 feet long, 6 ftet broad, and 6 feet higli. Price and full particulars on application. GEO. COOLING AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bath. ARDEN NETTING.— 100 square yards in one piece, or 200 yards, odd pieces, 2s. 6rf., cash with -E. A. NORTHEY. Auctioneer. Plymouth. G G ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats. Bamboo Canea. Rustic Work, Blanures, Ac. Cheapest Prices of WATSON Aim SCULL, yu. Lr.w«r Thamea Street. Ix>ndon. E.O. GREENHOUSES. Inte^iding purchasers should send for our revised Illustrated Catalogue for 1889, post-free. We < lialleuf^e the Trade for price fijinbineilwith quality. Sati>*fac- t ion guaranteed. — OVEREND'S Horticultural Works, WestGreen, Tottenliam, London, N. 8vo, Sewed, price 153., THE ORCHIDS of the CAPE PENINSULA. Ity H ARKV Bolus. F.L S. With m Plates, partly Coloured. Cape Town. 188S. R. A. Rolfe. writing in Nature, says :— "The thirty-tix, partly-coloured plates, which represent the rarer or least known ^ipecie.^, are drawn by the Author, and the dissections and botanical details are admirably portniyed." The Gardeners' Chronic'e says: — "The author haa carefully consulted the requirements of students by hupply an index, and, best of all, by supplying a series of thirty-six partially- coloured lithographic illustrations, in which the botanical details are clearly given." W. WESLEY AND SON, 23, E-;ses Street, Strand, W.C. Recently Published, Post-free for eix Stamps. W WESLEY AND SON'S Natural History • and Scientitic Book Circular; No. 92 (Eighteenth year of Publication) containing over 2000 valuable and im- portant works on BOTANY, including Local Floras, Herbals, Phanerograms. Economic Botany, Physiology of plants, Bo- tanical Microscopy, forming a portion of the Stock of W. WESLEY AND SON, Scientific Booksellers and Pub- lishers, 28, Essex Street, Strand. W.C. OW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A popular explanation of thp best Method of Culture. By William Earley. Price Is. stitched. HO W^ TO GROW MUSHROOMS. By William Earlev. Price la. stitched. London : BRAUBURY, AGNEW, axd CO., 9. Bouverie Street, E.G. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH includes : — THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. and HORTICULTURIST «ndYear. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year United in ONE, Making the Largest. Best, Oltest. Liveliest, Handsomest Gurderiirig Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNALFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, lOs. E, H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A, Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip- tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for lod. (stamps). LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. For Self-Instruction and the Use of Schools. Price Is. sewed. London : BRADBURY, Street, E.C. AGNEW AND CO., 9, Bouverie SEED TRADE, — Advertiser, 15 years' ex- perience, seeks PARTNERSHIP or position of trust In sound business, where £500 (which might be increased) and services would meet with fair return. — A. D., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a WORKING MANAGER (Single-handed). Three houses and ; acre. Wages and Commission. —A. HALL, The Vinery Nurseries, Forest Moor, Knare^borough, Yorkshire. Gardener (Head). V\/'ANTED, for India (N, W. Provinces), T T an energetic, well-educated young MAN. Single pre- ferred. Mustbewellup in English Fruit Growing, aud able to Keep Books and Accounts in a business-like manner. Character must hear the strictest investigation as to sobriety, &c. Liberal and progressive salary, with a live years' agree- ment to a suitable person. — For further particulars, apply to Messrs. DANIELS BROTHERS, Norwich. ANTED AT ONCE, GARDENER. Salary, 20s. a week, and 10 per cent, on protlts. Residence found. Well-up in Fruit and Vegetable Culture for Market. — Apply by letter to K., Mr. S. Morgan, 21, New Bridge Street, or personally to Mr. Morgan. ANTED, a GARDENER, with Wife to be Laundress Must be both well recommended. Abstainers preferred. — Address, with particulars and reftTL-ncej*, Rev. G. HAYTON, Charlton Rectory, near Oxford. ANTED, a FOREMAN for the Houses. Good knowledge of Fruit and Plants. Wages I8s. per week. Bothy, milk, and vegetables. Total abstainer preferred.— J. BOVVERMAN, rfackwood Park, Ba^iu-'styke Hants. WANTED, ORCHID GROWER, to take charge. Must be well up in Potting, Watering, &c,, of East Indian, Mexican, and Cojl Sections. Wages, \ls. per week to start. Bothy, milk, vegetables, &c.— State age, experience in the above, with copies of testimonials, to A EVANS, Lythe Hill. Haslemere. To Market Gardeners. WANTED, a MAN, to take the Management of 150 Acres of Land, which is mostly under Fruit and Vegetable Cropping. Must be steady, energetic, and pushing man. Exceptional reference required. — Apply to JOEL GOODWIN, Swineshead, Boston. Wanted. HOANNELL AND SONS are anxious to • meet with a thoroughly respectable, intelligent young Man who has had a good practical experience, and fond of Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c.. for a permanency. Also a similar MAN for the Hardy Plant and Uulb Depart- ment. Particulars, in first instance, in own handwriting. — Swanley. Kent. ANTED, a MAN, thoroughly well up^Ii^ Rose Growing under glass. None need apply without first-rate character aa to ability, honesty, and sobriety. — ROBERTS BROS., East Grinstead. ANTED, a young MAN, for the Houses, under Foreman ; not under 23 years of age. ilu-rt have good experience, and be well recommen'ied. Wages 21e. per week, no bothy. State full particulars by letter, or call personally after 4 P.M.— J. ANDERSON, The Gardens, Streat- ham Grove, Norwood, S.E. ANTED, a young MAN, for GeneTai Nursery Work and .lobbing. — Apply, DRING and SON, Burnt Ash Hill, Lee, S.E. THE ADVERTISER will be glad to correspond with an intelligentand industrious young MAN who can GROW POT ROSES, and who would be willing to commence with 20.T. per week wsges. — Apply, S. W. K.. Gardeners' Chronicle OtUce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. 350 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [MAEcn 16, 1889. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Bestante" to initials or to Acit'wwi names are Tiot forwarded, but are at once returned to th: writers. ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, at present NOTICE TO ADVERTISEUS.—In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond tht postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. _ Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiatiiig it. N.B.— The best and safest meaJis of Remitting is by POST- OFFICE MONEY ORDER. BS. WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register Bome excellent Men. competent either to fiU the situation of HEAD GARDENER. BAILIFF. FOREMAN, or JOURNEY- MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will pleaae send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities wi I be made. — HoUoway, N. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic &. Postal Address— "DICKSONS, CHESTER." ICH ARD SMITH and COl beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that tbey will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. vT single; fifteen years' experience ; five years in present situation. — Mr. WHEATLEY, The Gardens, Wellhead, Halifax. G't ARDENER (Head). —Married ; thirteen T yearp' experience in first-class places. Good character. Subuibs preferred.— JAMES CURLE, 24. Oldfield Road, Stoke Newington, N. GARDENER (Head), where one or two others are kept.— Married, (1 child) ; fourteen years* practical experience. Good references. — F. STROUD, Waltliani St. Lawrence, Twyford, Berks. GARDENER (Head). — A Gentleman wishes to recommend the above to any Lady or Gentle- man requiring the services of a practical hard-working man.— GERALD, 4, Peterborough Place, Peterborough Lane, Fulham. S.W. GARDENER (Head).— R. Gray, twelve years Head Gardener at Cheveuing Park, desires re-engagement. Successful Gardener in all branches. Grapes, Roses, Fruit. Flower, and Kitchen Gardens. Highest references. — Stratton Terrace, Westerham, Kent. GARDENER (Head). — Age 33, single; thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches. Tomatos, Cu- cumbers. Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— W. G., 3, The Nursery, George Lane, Lewi^am. S.E. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman who is reducing his Gardening Establishment wishes to re- commend his Head Gardener. He is thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profe.-<^ion, and has held his present position for ten years.- Address, H. G.. Street & Co.. 30. Cornhill, E.G. GARDENER (Head), where two are kept.— Age 26; married when suited. Twelve years' practical experience; Grapes especially. Satisfactory reasons for wishing to leave. Six and a half years' previous.— GARDENER, Wynnstay, Burgess Hill. GARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married; many years Head Gardener where every branch has been thoroughly carried out. Twenty years' reference. Four years' in present >ituation. — T. DEACON, Fern Ci,ttage. Herbham, Walton-on-Thames.^ GARDENER (Head), where others are tept; single. — Advertiser, a Farmer's Son, seeks re-engngement as above ; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. Understands Management of Poultry, Slc. Highe.st refer- ences. Abstainer.— H. G., 3ti. Bell Street, Edgware Road. W. ARDENER (Head); age 34, married.— A Gentlk.man giving up his garden wishes to highly recommeud a thoroughly practical, trustworthy, energetic man ; first-class Fruit, \'egetable, and Pl«nt Grower. Twenty years' experience in good establishments.- G. WARRINGTuN, 135. Dulwlch Road, Heme Hill. S.E. ARDENER (Head), where Gardening is carried on in all its branches.— Late Gardener to Sir J. H. H. Amory, Bart., Knightshayes, Tiverton, for five yearw; previous. Mrs. ;Ellice, Invergarry, luverness, seven and a half years. Highest testimonials.— J. PEEBLES, 4, Richmond Terrace, Dairy Road, Edinburgh. GARDENER (Head) ; age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a thoroughly competent man, they can be accommodated by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghley Gardens, Stamford. ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, two children.- A. Gooden, Offchurch, Bury, Leamington, would be pleasnd to engage with any Lady or Gentk-maii requiring a good all-round Gardener. Seventeen years* expe- rience in some of the best establishments. Can be highly recommended. GARDENER (Head), where a thorough practical man is required.— Age 35, one boy (age 9) ; thoroughly understands the profession in all its branches, Land and Stock. Twenty years' experience in good establishments. First-class character for honesty pnd sobriety.— Please state wacps to A. A.. 35, Dartrey Road, Chelsea, S.W. ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Advertiser desires to meet with Lady or Gentleman taking interest in Garden. Good knowledge of Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and Herbaceous Plants, and Fruit Culture. Five years in present place as General Foreman; six previous at Pendell Court.— W. RUSSELL. The Gardens, South Lodge, Horsham, Sussex. ARDENER (Head); age 31, married.— Thomas Stagey, Foreman in the Gardens at Bearwood, Wokingham, during the last five years, and three years pre- viously in the Gardens of the late Viscount Eversley. Heckfield, Wiuchfield. .seeks a situation as above; unexceptional testi- monials from Mr. Tegg, Gardener at Bearwood ; and also from Mr. Wildsmith, Gardener at Heckfield Place, Winchfield. — T. STACEY, The Gardens, Bearwood. Wokingham. ARDENER (Head WoiiKiNG).-Age 30; fifteen years' practical experience in all branches. Highest references. — W. L., Buckland Filhigh, Highampton, North Devon. ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Twenty years' experience in all branches of the profession. Excellent teitimonial.~W. TURNELL, 9, Constance Road, East Dulwich. S.E. ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 42, married, no incumbrance ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession; also Lund and Stock. Wife Poultry. — S. C, Broomfields, Matlock Lane, Ealing Dean. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 25, single; nine years' experience in all branches. Under- stands Beekeeping, Abstainer. Excellent reference?. — R. E. RICHARDSON, Hardriding, Birdon Mill, via Carlis-le. ARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 28, single; thoroughly experienced in the Growing of all kinds of Flowers, Plants, Fruit, and Vegetables. Abstainer. Four years' character. — H.\MMOND, Dunmow, f^ ARDENER (Head Working).— In the \~K^ prime of life ; single, and an abstainer. Trustworthy, and thoroughly competent to undertake the Management of a good Garden. High character. Town or country. — M. M., 283. King's Road. Chelsea. S.W. G GARDENER (Head Working).— Married W when suited ; sixteen years' experience in Vines, Pines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, Early aud Late Forcing. — G. McLEOD, 6, Glen Cottages, Holly Road, Hounslow. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44; thoroughly experienced. Fruit, Plant, Vegetable Grower aud Forcer. Land and Stock. Highly recommended; excellent character. — Please address RAWLE, Crosspark, Shephay, Torquay, Devon. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 28, married, no family; well- experienced in Fruit, Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good references.- E. RIMAN, 66. Lime Walk, Headington, Oxford. GARDENER (Head Working; age 32.— The Hod. A. Talbot can highly recommend his Head Gardener, as well qualified in every way for the above. First- class references. — H. D., Little Gaddesden House, Berkhamp- stead. G^ARDENER~(Head Working) ; age 28.— W. HoLAH, Redleaf Gardens, Penshurst, Kent, strongly recommends H. Bickerstaff as above, who has been at Redleaf six years; thoroughly understands Orchids. Early and Late Forcing, Kitchen Garden. &c. — Apply as above. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — The Advertiser seeks re-engagement in a good establishment, where a thorough practical man auclass. — Age 30; has been as above in several large and good places, extending to eighteen years. Highest testimonials as to character and abilitie*. — X. M,. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Stnind. W.C. FOREMAN. — Age 25 ; eleven years' expe- rience in good establishments, including nearly two years as Foreman in present place. Excellent references from present and previous emfloyers. — F. CUBBERLEY, The Gardens, Mulgrave Castle, Whitby, Yorks. FOREMAN ; age 24.— Mr. James Douglas will recommend Henry Lane as above. Five years' character from present situation. Knowledge of Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse. Fruit Forcing, and Florists' Flowers. — HENRY LANE, The Gardens, Great Gearies, Ilford. Essex. I'^OREMAN ; age 25. — G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to sir Henry Bessemer, Denmark Hill. S.E., can with confidence recommend his present Foreman, who has been with him two years, to any Gardener requiring a trustworty man. Ij^OREMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept. — Mr. W. Stevens would be pleased to recommend J. Jones as above. — The Gardens. Stanage Park, Brampton Brian, Herefordshire. ___ FOREMAN (Working), or MANAGER.— Age 3-'?. married; abstainer. Experienced in Plants, Cut Flowers. Fruit. Wreaths. Bouquets. Sprays, and General Decoration. Good Private Trade or Market. Six years in preset place.- -FOREMAN. 2.5, Catherine Street. Gloucester. Vj^UREMAN (Working). — Thoroughly ex- JL perienced in all branches of Outdoor Nursery Work. First-class references. — T. HARDWICK, 13. Lowesmood Terrace. Worcester, Xj^OREMAN (Working), inNursery. — Age 35, -1- married ; abstainer. Thoroughly understands Manage- ment of Fruit Trees, well up in Roses, good Budder and Grafter. Highly recommended.— Plejise state wages given to G. O. 21. Paddock Street. Nottingham. ^To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, GROWER, or SALESMAN.— Age 30; thoroughly experienced. Well up in Crosses. Wreaths, and Bouquets. Good references. — T. WARES, 4, Zuriel Place. Old London Road. Hastings. OREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estah- lishment. — Age 24 ; eight years' experience, two years in present situation. — C. BEST, The Gardens, Norman Court, Dean, near Salisburj-. To Nurserymen. GROWER of Ferns, Foliage, and Sof1> wooded Sti;Cf. — Twenty \eard' experience. Eight years in present place.— J. SOLOMON, 10, ElythSlreet, Mapperieyj Nottingham. GROWER, of Stove and Soft-wooded Stuff.- Young man requires bituation as above. Best references from previous employers in England and France. — R. IVENS, 11. Mead Road. Uxbndge. Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— 'Age 23; seven years' experiepce; good character. — A. SMITH, Testwood Park Gardens, Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young nmn as above. OURNEYMAN (First).— Age 24, married: good experience in Palms. Ferns. Tomatos. and Soft- wooded Stuff. — ADVT., m. North Street, Mare Street, Hackney. E. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, or Inside and Out.— J. Knight can highly recommend a young man (age 21) aa above, and having a thorough taste tor Gardening. — "The Oaks, near Epsom. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; five years' practice in Flower and Kitchen Gardens and Glass Department. — S. A. JAMES. Coed Coch. near Abergele. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment, — Age 22 ; six years' good character. — W. DAVIS, The Gardens, Dinluim House, Ludlow, Shropshire. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age aO ; good experience. Bothy; preferred. Four and a half years' good character. — Apply, stating wages, &c., to E. LACEY. Hayes Place Gardens, Hayes. Kent. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Willing to Assist Outside if required. Four years' good character. Bothy preferred.— H. SARGEANT. Cedar Cottages. Ashurst Wood, East Grinstead. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ; has good knowledge of Fruit. Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Now in large estsblishment. Good references. A. B., 98. Rhodeswell. Salmon's Lwne. Limehouse. E. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19.— Mr. Wakd, Stoke Edith Gardens, Hereford, would be pleased to recommend a young man as above. Three years' good character. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 19; good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Fruit Houses. Good recommendation. — H. DAVIES, Lang- ford Park Gardens. Maldon, Essex. JOURNEYMAN; age 20.- C. Fitlcher, The Gardens. Little Heath Road, Potter's Bar. wishes to recommend a strong active young man as above. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age sTj abstainer. Five years' character from previous and three from present employer, Knosvledge of Vines, Melons, Cucumbers.— J. SH13RL0CK, Adhurst Gardens, Petersfield. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age li).— A. McRODlE, The Gardens, Goldwell House. Newbury, Berks, can highly recommend a young man, as above. Bothy preferred . JOURNEYMAN, Indoors, in a good estab- lishment. — Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Can be well recommended. — F. FRANCIES, Stanage Park, Brampton Bryan. Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 21; height 5 feet 5 inches. Can be strongly recommended by present employer. Six years' character. Abstainer. — S. H. COWPER-COLES. Estate Agent. Builth. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 23; seven years' experience. Two years' good character from present place.— C. W., The Gardens, Oakley Hall, Basingstoke, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.- Age 22 ; seven and a half years' experience, four and a half years' last place. Good character.— F. BENGOUGH, Harpton Lodge, Kington, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— Mr. Jaques can highly recommend W". Dodwell to any Gardener requiring the services of a good Journeyman. Seven years* experience. — W. DODWELL, Waddes.-OQ, Aylesbury. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21 ; good knowledge of Inside and Out. Five years' good character from pre- sent employer. Total abstainer, — H. W., St. Mary's, Walling- ford. Berks, OURNEYMAN (Good), in the House^^ Nine years' experience ; can be highly recommended by present and previous employers. — J. HURN. Catton Park Gardens, Norwich. Norfolk. OURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; highly recommended by present Gardener. Three years' excellent character. Abstainer. — WM. COI-E- MAN, The Priory, St. Helen's, Ryde. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, if required. — Age 24 ; good reference. Good experience among Plants and Outside Gardening.— F. B., 13, Tylney Koad, Wid- more. Bromley. Kent. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or SECOND, where three or four are kept. — Age 23; seven years' experience— four years last place. Good character. — TOM CROOK. 16, Hampton Street, Leamington. TMPROVER, Indoor and Out— Age 18 ; thr«e JL years' experience. Good character. Small Premium offered.— C. A., B, Barford, Greengrocer, Twickenham Common, Middlesex' TMPROVER.— Age 21 ; willing and active, and -L anxious to learn. Good references. — T. SIMPSON, Kavenawood. Weatoliffe Road, Southport. TMPROVER; age 18.— II. Fabrish, Head -I- Gardener. Frampton Gardens, Dorohester. can recommend a young man as above Indoors. Four years' experience. Bothy preferred. Total abstainer. IMPROVER, Indoors and Out.— Age 20; strong and active man. Two years' good character from present place. Bothy.— MANAGER. Freythesdeu Gardens, Berk- bampstead. To Head Gardeners. TMPROVER, indoors and Out; age 18.— -L J. Stuart, Gardener. Otliugtoii. Worthing, Sussex, would be pleased to recommend a Lad as above; four and a hall years' experience. Small Premium offered. KNIFEMAN.— Single ; good Budder, Grafter, and Tree Trainer. Used to Pruning. Wull Nailing, and General Nursery Work, Could Manage Fruit Department. Abstainer. — 72. Ash Grove, Ilkley. ILLIAM ALLEN, Gardener to Lord Brassey, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, James Barnard, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring u good Gardener. Eight years' good character, with good testimonials from present place. — Normanhurst Court, Batile, Sussex. 0 ORCHID GROWERS, &o.— A young man (age 20) seeks a situation in Orchid or other Glass Department ; six years' experience. Good testimonials. — W. ASKEW. 7. Hospital Road, Lepden Road, Colchester, Essex. O NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a young man (age 26). understands Budding, Grafting, and General Routine of Outdoor Work. Ten years good refer- eoce.— J. JOHNSON, 65, Tamworth Street, Lichfield. 0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, a situation under Glass; used to General Nursery Work. Age 22. Seven years' experience. — E. H., 6, Princess Terrace, Link- field Road, Isleworth, Middlesex. 0 GENTLEMEN and GARDENERS.— Situation required by a young man (age 21) to work in the Houses under a Foreman, or Inside and Out, "Three years' good character. Abstainer. — C. HEAD, London Hill, Harrow, Middlesex. 0 NURSERYMEN.— A young man wants a situation in Nursery, used to Erica-. Palms, Cucumbers, and Tomatos. M''ell acquainted with Book-keeping. Good references,— A, B,, 8. Wood's Villas, Swanley Junction. Kent. 6 FOREMEN.— Wanted by young man (age 24), a situation under a Foreman in the Houses, or Inside and Out. Two years and eight months' character in present situation. Abstainer. — W.S., The Gardens, Shawfield, Bromley. Kent. 0 FOREMEN.— Wanted by young man (age 22) a situj'tion under a Foreman in the Hou-es. or Inside and Out. Two years' good character.— J. TAYLOR, Woodside, Horley. 0 GARDENERS.— Wanted, by a Youth, a situation in a Gentleman's Garden. Age 17^ years. One and a half year's good character and experience. — W. 11. SOTTING, Swavesey Koad, Billinghurst. Sussex. 0 GARDENERS.— Wanted, for a strong, active youth of 18, a situation in the Garden. Under a Journeyman preferred. — GARDJINER, Esher House, Esher, Surrey, SHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30; tho- rough knowledge of Seed, Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references. — WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East Grinstead, Sussex. SHOPMAN, in Corn and Seed Trade.- Married ; eighteen years' experience. Groom and Gar- dener. Caretaker, or any place of trust. — A. BOXALL, Little London. Chichester. (SECRETARY, CASHIER, or ACCOUNT- O ANT. — Advertiser is open to engage as above. Thirteen years' good experience. Excellent testimonials. Total ab- stainer.—G. N., Hurst & Son. Houndsditch. E.G. SEED TRADE. — A respectable young man requires a situation as Junior Assistant in the above.— W. T. W., E. Rush. Seedsman, Chester. PACKER. — Thoroughly experienced. Nearly twenty years in the Nursery Trade, with good character. —J. T , 18. Brook.Xane. Chester. SITUATION W^VNTED, by Nurseryman's y~J Daughter. — Age 27; eleven years' experience in Seeds, Wreaths. Bouquets, Sprays, &c. Good references. — H. M. STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. HOLLOWAYS OINTMENT and PILLS.— Colds. Coughs. Shortness of Breath.— These maladie-i require early and unremitting attention, for if neglected they often end in Asthma. Bronchitis, or Consurapt on. The Oint- ment well rubbed upon the chest and back, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and carried directly to the lungs, whence it dispels all impurities. All the blood in the body is perpetually passing through the lungs, and there all noxious particles tending to disease can be quickly, thoroughly, and permanently neutralised, rendered harmless, or ejected from the system. Holloway's Ointment and Pill^ perfectly accomplish this puri- fication ; and through the blood thu?* cleansed, the influence o£ these wonderful medicaments reaches the remotest part of the human body, and thuacurea all disec'ed action, whether iutemal or external. 352 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 16, 1889 GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1889. The Winners of even/ First Prise in all cases of competition^ and the/j are the only Mowers in constant tise at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society s Gardens, South Kensint/to?i. Patronised by— j. ^^ -^.^ Royal Hortlciiltural Society'a Show, South Kensington, London, HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN on many occasions, £ffe_?*-^ ^^^ June 3 tO 7, 1881. Tlie "Journal of J/orticultun-,- o/ Jtuie 9. says:— HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WAXES, ^^^^i'^^-Ia^Ke* "MOWING MACHINES.— AfU-r a critical examinatiuu the Silver Medal was THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, ^n^S^f^'^^^^iMy^^i,,.^ granted to the oUi firm of worUi-wide fame, Messrs. T. Grken & Son. of Leeds and The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, **^^^^^'''P^^^*^?** London. As the Machines are known in alUands where good lawia are cherished. And most of the Nobility. Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. it is quite unnecessary to give any description of thera." Upwards of 145,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first introduced In the year 1856, And thousanda of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests tn Public Competition, oTid in all cases have carried off the Highest Prize that has been given. The following axe their Advantages over all others :— 1st Simplicity of Construction every part being easily accessible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 5th. They will cut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. To cut 16 inches, can be worked by one man \^ ^^ .„ on even lawn ... J To cut 18 inches, do. man and boy... 7 10 To cut 20 inches, do. do. ...8 0 SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. To cut 6 in., can be worked by ) n, ic a Lady ... f *^ *^ To cut 8 in., do. do. 2 10 To cut 10 in., do. by a strong youth 3 10 To cut 12 in., do. by a man ... 4 10 To cut 14 in., do. do 5 10 DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. *To cut 22 inches, can be worked by two men £8 10 *To cut 24 inches, do. do. ... 9 0 * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 303. extra. These Mowers are the "Ne Plus Ultra" and "Acme" of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. Prices of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Box, or Side Delivery, with Cross-stay complete, suittible for attaching to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness : — DONKEY and PONY To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inches To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pony MACHINES. £14 t) 16 0 18 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 HORSE To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inclies Leather Boots for Horse MACHINES. , £23 . 26 , 30 . 34 The 26 anJ 23 inches can ea-sily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse ; and as the Machine makes little noise in working, the most spirited animitl can be employed without fear of it running away, or in any way damaging the machine. Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. GREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVO LAWN MOWER. GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels. 17a. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. Small Bag of Marking Composition, 9i/. GREEN'S PATENT GRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 inches wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 16a. Packing Case. 35. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c.. and do away with the tediou!) operation of cutting with shears. It' A very useful and serviceable Machine. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, fee. Suitable for Hand or Horse Power. Prices of Rollers In 2 parts. Diam. Length £ s. d. It) in. by 17 in 2 6 0 20 in. by 22 in 3 5 0 24 in. by 26 in 4 10 0 SOiu.byaSln 7 10 0 Special ijuotations made for ItoUer*. 3 feet. 3J feet, and 4 feet Diameter, fitted with Sliafts for one or two horses. GREEN'S PATENT STEAM ROAD ROLLERS As -upplit'd to the Camberwell Vestry, and fullu« ing Corjxjr- ations, vi/. : HuUderstield. Southport. Sheflield, Morley, Fleet- wood Commissi one r-». Municipality of Trieste, Ciilcutta, and other places. References if Required. Weifiht Kiupty ; - WorkingTrim uilh W lull-', IL'^ tons, lo tons. Weight id crand Fuel; — 12^ tons, 15 tons, 18 tons. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports In England, Scotland, and Ireland. The largest stock of Moivers kept by any miuinfacturer is tn befoimd at our London /''sdiblishment, .SC'JiJiL'V WORKS, liLACKFIilAIlS JiOA/). where Purchasers can make selection out o/ several huwLrtd Machcnus of Haml, Pony, and Horse Power, and liave their Orders supplied the same day as thvy are received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B. — Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS. AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. WIRE NETTING. &c.. &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLAGKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kinf^dom. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Onice, 41, Wellington Sfroet. Coven t Garden, L ndon, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Aqnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richakd9. at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish c( St. Paul's Covent Garden, in the said Couuty.— Saturday, March ItJ, 18S9. Ageut for Mauch est ^t— John Heywood. Established i84i No. 2617. No. 117.-V0L. V. g^^} SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1889. [Regt. asaNewapaper./Pf'C^ 3d . " i- i- ^ Post-Fbee, 3id. CONTENTS. Abies Eichleri Aerides vaodarum Apiary Arum, the white Azalea, two-shapeil Books: — Cruise of the Marchesa Villa and Cottage Crar- deuiDg Botanic Garden, Buiteu- ?org Burlingtonia fragrans ... Cucumber disease Cultural memoraDda Disa tripetaloide3 Flower garden Flower-pot. the standard Forefathers, our Foreign correspooUeuL-e... Forestry ... Fruit culture, olden Fruits under glass Gardening appointments Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution Grape Madresfield Court Hardy fruit garden Hops, spent Kitchen- Garden Madras Botanic Garden Cucumber disease Flower-pot, the Standard Pinud Jeffreyii Saxifraga ciliata 373 Muy'9 Nursery ;M2 3«;i Miltonia spectabilis 364 37a National Chrysanthe- 374 mum Society .368 370 Orchid'houses 366 „ notes 3:« .171 Orchids atWoolton Wood 363 Parsley 371 370 Pinus Jeffreyii Plant growth, experi- 360 37(1 ments ... 368 Xfif Plants and their culture 366 Mi Plant portraits 362 37a Roses, Tea. are they hardy 359 ■.m Roxburch, Dr Saocolahium ceeleste 368 3rt7 363 373 Saxifrages, ... 364 , 3V4 370 Scotland 372 372 Sea-sand 374 3fi« Societies — 373 Royal Botanic 37.') 3H7 Royal Horticultural ... 374 382 Streptosolen Janiesoni ... 374 Telopea oreades 371 373 Tobacco in Aberdeen 373 362 Vegetables 371 3li7 Veitchs" Nursery 361 374 Violet culture 37.S .3ti7 Wedding Lily, the 371 371 STB Weather, the ATI0N8. 3V6 364 373 3« . 369 365 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. n^HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. IV., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. EICHAKDS, 41, Wellineton Street. Strand, W.C. HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is $4.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America: — E.H. LIBBY, "The American Garden," 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. E W C A S T L E - U P 0 N - T Y N E SPRING FLOWER SHOW. APRIL 10 and 11, 1889. For Schedule apply to JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secrelar>'. N FOR SALE. Three years' "GARDENERS' CHBONICLES."from 1885 to 1888. Complete. What offers?— Address, D. RODMAN. Drybridge, Monmouth. OA nnn ferns, Major cristata, in 60's, 145. Jd\J»f\)\j\j per 100; ditto, in thumbs. 12s. per 100, for Cash. , _ - - ^ — . per 100, for —J. PAXTON. 31. Green Lanes, Stoke Xewington, N. A FEW GOOD CATTLEYAS.— Three or four flowering growths ; Crispa, Eldorado, Amethystina, Amethystoglossa, 105. 6d,, Ltelia x anthina, Limpophyllia, Slc. Some other Orchids. — Address, North Lodge. Addiscombe. BEGONIA SEED.— Box's Jubilee varieties are the best both tor quality and quantity ; of Singles perpacket, 6d. and Is. ; of Doubles, lOd. and Is. 6a. Collections and larger packets, also tubers, as per list, post free with seeds. — JOHN K. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner), Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon. T ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN- -Li RAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in caaes containing 50 fine Bulbs, at 2bs. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales ou receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9(/. ; Ciisea containing luO fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and souf d Bulbs. 4s., 6s.. 9s., 12s.. and 18s. per dozen. CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. W.C. SEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collections at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &c., are of the best possible quality. f^OR SALE, or EXCHANGE for cool ORCHIDS, the lot:~.l Crotons Weismanni. in 7-inch pots; 1 Croton variegatum, in 7-inch ; 3 ditto in 48"s; 1 Pan- danus Veitchii. in 9-inch; 12 Draewna Cooperi, in 48*3; 12 Dractena indivisa, in 48's; 6 Eucharis amazonica. in 8-inch, free from mite ; 1 Franciscea calycina major, in 9-inch. GARDENER, Capel Manor, Horsmonden, Kent. W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEH^ES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287, 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden, London, ^.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION. SITCUP." Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes, &c.. supplied.— Address. Commission Depart- ment. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C. IVTOTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM Xl having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. HENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- niehed daily, and ac<:ount3 settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. HOICE FRUIT and FLOWERS.— Highest Market Prices Guaranteed. Prompt Cash.- HENRY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman. Covent Garden. W.C. ANTED, strong and healthy PLANTS of following, free from Bug, &c.:— 1 Allamanda Hendersoni, 1 BougaiuviUea glabra, 1 Eu- phorbia splendens, 2 Tabernuemontana flore-pleus, 6 Gar- denia intermedia, and 3 dozen strong- flowering bulbs of Eucharis amazonica. State price, &c , to G. A., Ash Tree Cottage, The Mount, Sydenham Hill, S.E, To Gardeners. WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in Mixture, by the lOO, &c. ; also named Show Pinks, Eucharis. Melon Seeds, Daphne indica, alba, and rubra; Gloxinia Bulbs, Greenhouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named Gold-lac^d Polyanthus, named Auri- culas. Tree and other Pteonies, small Oleanders. Asparagus plunosus nanus. Plumbago rosea. Lowest Trade, cash with order to FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. Strawberry Plants. WANTED, TO PURCHASE, 100,000 "SIR JOSEPH PAXTON."— Apply, stating lowest price, to W. T. CLINCH, Rowes Farm, Hayes. Kent. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — Stanstead Surprise, Mrs. AlpheuH Hardy, Thoa. Stevenson. L'Aii- tomoe. Miss X'iolet Tomliii. Miss Hagga.s, H. Shoeamith, Mr. F. Jameson, Stausteud White, Sunflower, and other Novelties, Descriptive Priced LIST free on application. JOHN LAINll AND SONS, Chrysanthemum Orowers, Forest Hill, S.E. 0 LARGE PLANTERS of THORN QUICKS.— I to 1} toot, 9s. per 1000, £40 per 100,000; IJ to 2 feet. Us. per 1000. £iO per 100,000: 2 to 2J feet, 1.3j. per 1000 ; 2 to 3 feet, l.^s. per 1000 ; :! to 4 feet, I8s. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. Barr's Deacrlptlve List of SEEDS for I'UKSENT SOWING for the Flower and Kiteheu Garden. Free on application to BARE AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. EDRUS DEODARA.— The largest and best stock in the country. Fine handsome well-traii'-planted Trees, from 7 to 12 feet and upwards. Price moderate. H. LANE AND SON. Nurseries. Berkhamsted, Herts. ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the leading kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Brealau. Germany. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. AIDENHAIR F E RN. — Bunches always ready. Terms cash. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Walton-on-Thames. M T.'^ELLY AND WALSH (Limited), ■1\ Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £.b upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. SPARAOUS ROOTS.— Conover's Colossal fine strong, 'is. t«r 1*^0 ; 2Ss. per 1000. W. SIMS, Grove Nursery, Tooting, Surrey. HAMPAGNE RHUBARB. — From the Original Stock. Warranted true, finest in colours, and best in flavour of all Rhubarb, and also the earliest. First-rate single eyes, Is. per dozen. E. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford. SELECTED SEED POTATOS. — The best O varieties for Table use. The best varieties for Exhibition. Delivered free. Lists Post-free on application. DICKSONS {Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).- A certain cure for Mildew on Plants. Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3(i. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited), 9,Bull Ring, Birmingham. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10. Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. HRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.— Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivalled for this purpose ; in tins. Is.. 2s. Qd., bs. 6(f., and 10s. Qd. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- eators, and Hand-lights, post-free, for 6 stamps, to be deducted from first order.— CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables. JB. THOMAS, Covent Garden Market. • Telegraph Address. "Thoma-IES. London." Telephone, No. 2822. See large Advertisement, p, 359. 354 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 23, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next.-(Sale No. 7898.) An extensive collection of choice LILIES, comprising some of the rarest varieties in culti%'ation ; 1000 tirat-class name-i Stanfiard and Dwarf ROSES, from French and English Growers; Pyramid, Standard, and Dwarf -trained FRUIT TREES to namo ; Ornamental SHRUBS and CONIFERS ; CARNATIONS. PICOTEES, and other BORDER PLANTS in ereat varit-ty; Hardy JAPANESE IRIS. SPIR.EA JAPONICA, LILY Of the VALLEY Crowns. NARCISSUS, and other Roots. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March :37, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely. Thursday Next.-CSale No. 7899.) CHOICE ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, comprising Odonto- glossum ntevium majua in 9-inch pot, with nearly 30 bulbs and 6 growths; O. Alexandrae, a magnificent variety; Dendrobium Brvmerianum, Cattleya Schroderte, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will incUide the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at hisGreat Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 28. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.-(Sale No. 7899). 10,000 grand Bulbs o£ LILIUM AURATUM. in splendid con- dition, just received from Japan; also 300 tine Clumps o£ CYPRIPEDIUM SPECTAEILE from New Jersey. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 28. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. ' Thursday Next.-(No. 7899.) IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS received direct. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .13, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, March 23. fine imported plants of : — CATTLEYA MOSSIiE, C. LTBIATA, C. MENDELII. C. GASKELLIANA, C. SANDERIANA. C. CRISPA, RODRI- GUEZIA SEOUNDA. DENDROBIUMS, EPIDENDRUMS. ONCIDIUM ROGERSII, O. CRISPUM, L.'ELIA PURPU- RATA, L. PERRINII. &c. On view mornirg of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Valuable Collection of Orchids formed hy H. J. BUCHAN, Esq. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from H. J. Buchan. Esq., of Wilton Hou^e. South- ampton (.in consequence of the land having been bought for biildin") to offer for SALE, without the least Rt-serve. on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, April 10 and 11. at half- pist 12 o'clock precisely each day, his celebrated COLLECTION of Orchids, comprising, amongst other fine things :— Cypripedium caudatum ro- ^ "' '■—'--'- — snum „ Sinderianum ,, Spicerianura ,, Druryi Lselia flava ,, autumnalis Buchanii ,, anceps alba ]\ ., 'Schilleriana „ „ alba Oii.niiutilusumX Rnckeriana „ p .'yxanthum „ cispitatum platyglossum Besides all the leadiu,~ Dendrobium stratiotes ,, Lowii ,, nobile nobilius Cattleya Schroderii Epidendrum prismatocarpum Angrsecum sesquipedale ,, Dubuyssonii C(.elogyne cristata alba Trichopilia erispa marginata (true) ,, guavis alba Maxillaria Sanderiana „ Hubshii Masdevallia Bull's Blood varieties of oilier things. On view morning of Sale. and Catalogues had. Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and Bud. Mil J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms. 3.8, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. on WEDNESDAY, April 17, at half- cast 12 o'Clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for this SALE will SEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. _^__ ' Re Tomkins. St. Albans. MR. W. DOKAIST will SELL by AUCTION, on THURSDAY. March 28, i:^.S9. at l;i noon, upon the Premises 20. Georgia Street, St. Albans, Hi-rl-s, Ilie valuable largeStock-in-Tradeof SEEDS (FLOWERand VEGETABLES), all in choicest varieties, ready for immediate sowing, also Bales of P^ffia, Sacks, Bags, Cases of Flower Sticks. Labels, Tallies, Pockets, Weighing Machine, new Seed Winnower, Sieves,' Measures, Borrows. Trade Fixtures. Mahogany Counters and Nests of Drawers. Show Cases, Shelves, Gas Fittings. Pulley Chains. Office Furniture, and other items, together -with the valuable Lease of the above extensive Premises. , , - r. i ,-. * Oq view four days previous, and on morning of Sale. Cata- logues obtained of the Trustee, F. C. GOODCHILD, Esq.. 25 Old Jewry. E.C. ; of A. EWEN, Esq., Official Receiver, Luton, Beds ; or of W. DORANT, Auctioneer, Victoria Street, St. Albans. " For Sale, tlie Large Conservatory, 240 feet long. 60 feet wide, and lr> feet high, on the south side of tlie Alb. rt Hall, South Kensington, with glazed span roof adioining. „,,___, MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS- FIELD are instructeiUo prepare for SALE by AUCTION, in MAY the whole of (he BUILDINGS in the Grounds formerly'occupied by the Royal Horticuliural Society at South Kensington, including the mflgniticent Conser\'atory, well adapted for a Winter Garden, and suitable for any public Pleasure Grounds, and which may be treated for by Private Contract previous to the Sale. The valuable PALMS and ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and PLANTS and out-door effects will be sold on the Premises on APRIL 9. , . V u On view one week previous by Catalogues only, to be ob- tained of Messrs, HORNE, SON AND EVER3FIELD, 17, Great George Street, and 84, Basinghall Street, E.C, Monday Next. IMPORTANT SALE of HARDY PLANTS, BULBS, and LILIES, consisting of the new Convallaria prolificans. BOO Iris species and varieties, 1000 choice Lilies, including colchicum, Humboldtii, giganteum, Wa^hingtonianum. Wallichianum, speciosum and many others ; 1000 Hardy Plants, comprising Carnations, Picotees, Phlox and Pieonies, Chrysanthemums and Dahlias in great variety, Begonias, Gloxinias, Gladiolus, 5tJ0 choice Double Holly- hocks-, Cypripedium spectabilis, Disa grandiilora, Sarra- cenia purpurea, together with 2000 Lilium auratum from Japan. MESSRS. PROTHEROE anc MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Auetion Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on MONDAY NEXT, March 25, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday Next. Named CARNATIONS and PICOTEES in pots. Standard and Dwarf ROSES. FRUIT TREES, EVERGREENS, CAMEL- LIAS, ami AZALEAS, from an English Nurserv. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Rooms, 3S and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on MONDAY NEXT, March 25, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view moroinR of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next.— OrcMds in Flower. SPECIAL and IMPIIKTANT SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELLby AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E,C., on TUESDAY NEXT, .March 26, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, about 300 lotsof ORCHIDS in FLOWER— the larger portion from private collections. Amongst the numerous lots will be found hue plants of Cypri- pedium vermixum, Cymbridium Lowianum (large specimen.^), C. eburneum, Denbrobium Wardianum (grand varieties), D. Ainsworthii, and D. a. roseum, D. nobile nobilius. D. n. Cook- soni, Masdevallia cucuUata, Pleurathallis Roezlii, Ccelogyne cristata alba, Cattleya Wagnerii, C. Reicheuhiana superba, C Arnoldiana. Oncidium Brunbesianum, Oduutoglossnm Alex- andrie and Pescatorea (fine varieties), Cattleys, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Cattalogues had. Wednesday Next. 6000 LILIUM AURATU.M, fine bulbs, from Japan ; a large assortment of English-grown LILIES, choice FERNS. PALMS, and other Plants; Dwarf ROSES, named FRUIT TREES, and a great variety of Hardy BULBS. l\/rESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will ItJ. sell the above bv AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside. London. E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 27. at half-pa^t 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next, Marcli 28. IMPORTANT to the TRADE and PRIVATE BUYERS. SALE of NURSERY SrOOK and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, from Sample, HARDY BULBS. LILIUM AUR.ATUM, .tc. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and IjS, Cheapside, EC, on THURSDAY NEXT. March 23. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, large quantities of NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE PLANTS from Sample ; 5000 LILIUM AURATUM, from Japan, and a great variety of HARDY BULBS. Samples will be on view the morning of the Sale. Catjilogues may be had of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C. Friday Next. ANGR.TilCUM PALLIDUM (RiclCH.). MESSKS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT. March 29, by oriler of Messrs. Horsmau 8c Co., a fine importation, just to hand of ANGR.FICUM PALLIDUM, a truly handsome species, producing drooping spikes of flowers 13 inches to 2 feet ni length, with as many as 50 flowers on a spike. Also other ANGR.ECUMS and CRINUM species, the latter probably new. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Friday Next. LiELIA GRANDIS, L.«LIA ELEGANS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside. E.C, on FRIDAY, -March 29, 18S9, at half-pa-t 12 o'clock precisely, a liirgo Iniportiition of the grand and showy golden-llowered L.a?:LIA GRANDIS, all of which are offered. Also a very fine lot of C'Y.MBIUIUM EBURNEUM, in splendid condition. A small consignment of L.ELIA ELEGANS. coming from the same district whence we have obtained those marvellous varieties as prasiata. Turneni, &c. A quantity of Brazilian ORCHIDS, the whole in splendid condition, including some fine ma.saea of Cattleya intermedia ond Loilia purpurata. Indian ORCHIDS, in fine order, com- prising the rare Dendrobium Gibsonu, D. ludyosmum, D. Dearii. D. Frecmanii, D. Purardii, Pleione maculata and P. Wallichiana, and many other rare imported Orcliids ; with 50 lots of rare and beautiful ORCHIDS in FLGWER. Also a few selected Established ORCHIDS from a jinvate collection. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next, Marcli 29. EPIDENDRUM INDIVISUM, all in grand order, with sound unstarted buds for growth. A grand species, never before introduced, Cattleyalike in growth, and with stoutsprays of about 20 large snow-white, wax-like llowers, with small yellow spot in the centre. Uniuiie grand floriferous plaut for Cattleya-house. Splendid masses of 12 to .W bulbs. EPIDENDRUM BICORNUTUM, immense compact leafy masses, collected in trees, some with over 100 bulbs. ONCIDIUM PAPILIO MAJUS, the best type; and a fine lONOPKIS and ONCIDIUM LANCEANU.M of the free- M'ESsiiS.'pilOTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, March 20. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Bamet, In the High Court of Justice : Chancery Division, Cornwell », Cornwell. LMPORTANT TO BEGINN'ERS. At a Nominal Reserve to close accounts — the old-established NURSERY EU.SINESS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. The Hadley Nursery. High Street, Barnet, on TUESDAY, April 2, at 1 o'clock precisely, in two lots, the Beneficial Interest in the Lease of the NURSERY', known as the Hadley Nursery, High Street, Barnet, comprising 5 Acres of capital Land, 8 Green- houses, Dwelling-House, and Seed Shop, held for 11 Y'ears at a Nominal Rent, also a Valuable Plot of Freehold Building Xand fronting the High Street. Particulars obtained on the Premises; of Messrs. HOUGH- TONS AND BYFIELD, Solicitors, ,S5, Gracechurch Street, E.G.. and Barnet ; of Messrs. SCOTT ASD BAKER, Solicitors, 10, Grays Inn Square. W.C. .'and Hatfield ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Tie Sunbury House Collection of Orchids. SECOND and REMAINING PORTION, by order of Major Lendy, who is relinquishing their cultivation in conge- quence of ill-health. IMPORTANT UNRESERVED SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E.C, on TUESDAY. April 2. 1SS9. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, the SECOND and RE.MAINING PORTION of this well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in- cluding a large number of fine Cattleyas, in variety ; Lielia ele- gans \Varnerii, Odontoglossums, including several very strong pieces of Alexandras, Cattleya Skinneri alba, C. aurea grandi- ilora, Cymbidium Lowianum, Cypripediums, ^laxillaria San- deriana, Oncidiums, ^'andas, and many other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Preliminary Notice. By order of the Executors of the late Mr. J. H. Bath, of Manor Farm, North Cray. 80O0 ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. For Sale without Reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and ti8, Cheapside, E.C, on TUESDAY. April 9. the whole of this extensive Collection of ORCHIDS, comprisiing oUOO Odontoglosjum Alexaniirte, Pescatorei, and triumphant, mostly urtllowfred; 3000 C attlryas, Cypripediums, Dendrobium, &c. Highly Important Sale. The Unrivalled Collection of SUCCULENT PLANTS, formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Estj., and enjoying a reputation probably \inequalled in Europe' MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Suilbury House, Hammersmitli, \V., on WED- NESDAY and THURSDAY, Maylaiidli, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely each day, Without Reserve, the «hole of the A'aluable COLLECTION of SUCCULENT PLANTS, including many speciesthat are unifjue. and others of extreme rarity, including the Entire Stock of the beautiful new Cereus, J. T. Peacock, Gaateriaa, Hawarlhias, Agaves, Phyllocaetus. Sempervivums, Mesembry anthem urns, Opantiantiay, Yuccas, Echiuocjictus, Sec. Also 120 fine plants of Todea superba, several large Camel- lias, Lapaf*eria alba and rosea, and other plants. No plauls will be sold privately prior to the Auction. Catalogues may shortly be obtained of Mr. VICKERY, Head Gardener, on tlie Premises ; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Age^t.■^, 1)7 and UO, Cheapside, London, E.C. PreUminary Notice. Tht' far-famed SIDlirKV IIol'SE COLLECTION of ESl'AHLiyHED ORCHIDS, Formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Es(}. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favonted with instructions from the Executors of the late J. T. Peacock. Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, Sudbury House, Hammersmith. W., on MONDAY", May i:i. and four followiiifj days, at half-past 12 o'clock each day, the ENTIRE COLLECTION of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS, being the contents of twenty-three Greenhouses, comprising; — 308 Odontoglossum vexillariem, mostly specimen plants, in splendid health. 102 Cypripe'iuim insigne, comprising n large number of gpet'imeiis useful for cut (lowers. 100 ,. Syicerienum, mostly large healthy plants. 100 Ca'logyne cristata, chiclly specimen jihints. 51) Cymbiilium eburueum, line hirge pieciM. 2.S0 Odontoglossum Roezli and Pliaiivnopsi?'. '6b0 Phalienop^is Schilleriana, amabilis, StuartJana, grandi- flora, and tetraspis. 210 Lreliu autumnalis and majalig, fine pieces, 5:i(H> Odontoglossum Alexandrie and Pescatorei. lliO Oncidium macrauthum and Edwardii, iucluding several grand pieces. 1000 Caltleyas, principally Mendclii. GaskelHana, Mossiie, Triaure, nobilior, Warnerii, and citrina. 75 Odontoglossum citrosmum, beautifully-grown plants. 8000 other Orchids in great variety. No Plants will be sold privately prior to the Auction. The Collection may be inspected any time by cards, to be obtained of the Auctioneers. Catalogues may shortly be obtained of Mr. ^T^CKRRY, Head Gardener, on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, G7 and OS, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C. WANTED, TO PURCHASE, a SEED and NURSERY BUSINESS. Nursery not to exceed 6 acres in extent, or a good Seed Business, with or without Nursery, Good connection iuiispeu^ible. Full particulars to P. F., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ANTED, TO RENT or PURCHASE, Small NURSERY, not less than .100 feet of Glasa. W. R., L'W. Orandison Rond, New Wandsworth, S.W, w Mabch 23, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 355 To Grape Growers. Rare Opportunity. ^PO BE SOLO, on exceptionally favourable X terms (most satij-factory reasons for Disposal) IhorouBhly genuine and compact PROPERTY, numerous VINERIES, sub- stniitiiiUy built and stocked ^vith the be^t Vines. Every facility. Good returns have been obtained. EuH particulars on application to Messrs. PROTHEROE ANI> MURUIS. 67 and tv-^. CUeapMdc. London, B.C. Yorkshire. West Riding. On (he coiilines of mi important and tliriviog Market Town. TO BK SOLD, as a going roncern, and at a fireut sacrilice, to ensure an early Sale, a very Old i-stab- lislied .NUKSERY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS. Tlie Premisca comprise about -"ij Acres of capital Land, held at a very moderate rental and well stocked with useful Stuff. With Foreman's Cottage. Packinc IJaru, S-stall Stable and Coach-house. Stone- built Officca and Store room. The Glass Erections comprise 0 useful Greenhouses, efficiently heated with Hot Water, also numerous Cold Frames, mostly covered with movable tJlass Lights. Well supplied with Water. The Nursery is >itn!ite about 3 miles from the Town, and within 1 mile of a Railway Station. Satisfactory reasons will be given for Disposal. A splendid opportunity for acquiring a Genuine Uusinc-^s on exceedingly reasonable terms. The Vendor will be open to consider any reasonable offer to effect an early Sale. For further part iculars apply to Mr. F. CARTER, Accountant, &c.. Nelson Chambers. Cloth Hall Street, Hnddersfield. To Nurserymen. TO LET, at Midsummer, Brighton Road NURSERY, near the Station; Six Houses, 1 lar{;e front Show House, Potting Shed, and Ground. Apply, '2'i, Great Charles Street, Birmingham. Buckhurst Hill, Essex. TO LET, an eligible plot of LAND, of nearly an acre, witli southern aspect. Good comfortable House within two minutes' walk of Railway Station. Suitable for Florist. Capital soil for Rose Growing. For particulars, apply to DALWHINNIE, Norwich Road, Forest Gate, Essex, pUT FLOWKRS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c.— V> Best class of customers in district for good flower:^. Sales, WEDNESDAY and FRID.\Y Night all the year round. Daily, when required. Largest and most centraJly situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham. — POPE and SONS, 6. Phillip's Street (close to Market Hall), Birmingham. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received fine importntion^ of the fu'llowiofj;, and many other OKCHIDS ; — CATTLEYA TRIAN^ ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDER (PachO type). LfiLIA ANCEPS (White), distlnct-looldng type. ,. ANCEPS MORADA. CATTLEYA GUTTATA LEOPOLDI. MILTONIA MORELLIANA. DENDROBIUMS and other ORCHIDS,- in quantity, from the East Indies. Fitll particirltirs. Post-free, en application to THE VINEYAED AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. B I G SALE. UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, FROM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY. RENTS REGULARLY PAID. THE ABOVE ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to offer the Nursery Stock at Half Price. Buyers must book t^i Sunoicgdalc Station, S. W.E. CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY DIRECT FROM SUTTON AIO) SONS, READING. Orders value 20s., carriage free. CUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS for O PRESENT SOWING. — Asters, Balsams, Carnation, Hardy Annuals, Lobelia?, Mignonette, Pansy, Phlox Drum- mondii. Poppies, Stocks, Sunflowers, Zinnias, and others. For full particulars see SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE, Price Is., post-free. SUTTON AXD SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, Reading. ILIUM AURATAM, good bulbs, 2d. each, 4^c/., post free — 25. per dozen. 25. 9rf. post free. FIELD JASIES FIELD. Upper Market, Norwich. HRYSANTHEMUMS, true to Name, Buyer's Selection, plant? from 25. erf. per doz., 16.1. per 100 ; cut- tings. Is. 6rf. per doz.. 10s. per 100. W. E.'s Selection, plants, lis. per 100. 2s. per doz.. post-free. Catalogue2 stamps, of WM, ETHERINGTON, Ctirysanehemum Grower, Swancombe, Kent. CORNER'S SWEDE.— For SaU^ about 300 bnahels. Tho finest Sweile in cultivntion. Selected nufl grown by Advertiser for many years. Noted prize-winner whenever exhibited. Address SWEDE. 0. Victoria Street, Bristol. IVIES.— Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied. 5 iwi, ti feet, nnd 7 ff<'t high. FRANCIS R. KINGIIORN. Nurseryman, Richmond. Snrr.y, and Flower Murliet, Coveut (inrden, W.C. Sl'ARAGUS.— This delioious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. For direction see Illustrated Seed List. tree. Strong Roots, 2s. titl. per 100.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Worcester. SMALL SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 13 inches, 50s. per 100 ; Abies Douglasii, 1-yr., 4s. per 100 ; A. orientalis, 1-yr., 30s. per lOOO ; American Arbor-vitip. 1^ foot, 60s. per 1000; Sweet Bay, 1-yr., ;«)s. per 1000 ; Scarlet Chestnut, 1-yr., 6s. per 100 ; Cnpressus macrocarpa, 1-yr.. 'Ms. per 1000 ; Lawsoni. 18 inches, tiOs. perlOOU; erecta viridis, 4 inches, :Ws. per 1000; do.. 1 foot, 125. per 100; strictti, 1 to IJ foot. 12s. per 100; Allumii, 1 foot, 14s. per 100; Cedrus atlantica. 1-yr., 1-yr. transplanted, 10s. per 100 ; C. Deodara, 1-yr.. Is. per 100; Escallonia macruntha, pots. 14s. per 100; Portugal Laurel, 1-yr. transplanted. 20s. per 1000 ; Colchic Laurel, 1-yr., 25s. per 1000 ; Laurel rotnndi- folia, 1-yr., 255. per 1000; Limes, 1-yr. transplanted, 16s. per 1000; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., extra, 16s. per 1000; P. inaignig, 1-yr., 3s.6-D SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E. REES and SHRUBS for Game-covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. HITE BEAUTY of HEBRON POTATO. —This is probably the finest early POTATO yet in commerce, equally good for Exhibition purposes and Table use. Having a large Stock, can offer it at following low prices for cash ; — 2s. per peck. 10s. per cwt.. £S per ton. Free on Rail. Kendal Station. Cwt. bags, 3rf. each extra. WILLIAM N. CRAIG. Seedsman, &c.. Kendal. AKGE SHRUBS and CONIFERiE. — Aucuba japonica. 1| to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet, 40s. per 100. Berberis aquifolia, 1 J to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; Box tree. IJ to 2 feet, 125. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet, 20s. per 100. Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 3^ feet, 10s. per 100; Deutzia crenata. flore-pleno, strong, 4s. per dozen ; Grislinia littoralis. 1^ to 2 feet, 35s. per 100 ; Irish Ivy, 4 feet, &s. per 100; Laurel, common. \\ foot, 6s. per 100; 2 feet. 10s. per 100 : 3 to 4 feet, 165. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet. 165. per 100; 3 to 3^ feet, bushy. 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel. 1 to 1^ foot, 16s. per 100 ; IJ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticuro, 1 to IJ foot, 22s. per 100 : IJ to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet. 35s. per 100 ; 3 feet. 50s. per 100 ; 4 to 4^ feet, bushy. 80s. per 100. Abies Douglasii. 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. per 100; do., 6 feet. "Os. per 100. Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3^ feet, 48s. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 60s per dozen. Cupresaus Lawsoniana, 2^ feet, 20s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta, 2 to 2\ feet. 40s. per 100 ; 5 to ti feet, extra fine, IS*;, per dozen. C. erecta viridis, 1| to 2 feet, 25s. per loO ; do., 2 to 2^ feet. 35s. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, 1^ to 2 feet, 305. per 100; do.. 2 to 2^ feet, extra, 40^\ per 1^. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inches, 25s. per 100; IJto 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per 100. R. squarrosa, 1^ foot, busby. 30s. per 100 ; Thuia Lobbii, IJ to 2 feet. 12s. per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet. 24s. per 100 ; 4 feet, 50s. per 100 ; 6 feet, ISs. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis. 2^ to 3 feet, 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot, 30s. per 100; IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per dozen ; 2J to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. G.A-RLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. Grand New Japanese Chrysantliennini. THOMAS STEPHENSON." A beautiful bronzy -crimson sport from "Criterion," indispensable for exhibition. A grand, full show flower; broad petals, slightly incurved at the tips, a lovely yellow shade on the reverse of the petals. FIVE FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Orders booked from all the principal Chrysanthemum Growers. (See E. Molyneux's opinion. The Garden, 890, &c.) Rooted plants ready end of March ; 7s. 6rf. each, 3 for 15s. CATALOGUE of new and rare varieties, post-free. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery. Altrincham. STANDARD TRAINED PLUMS and O CHERRIES, fine fruiting trees ; FRUIT TREES in Pots. GRAPE VINES. FIGS, ASPARAGUS, SEAKALE, STRAW- BERRIES. LIST free. WILL TAYLER. Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. ■^PHE GLENFIELD BLACK RASPBERRY. -L —A first-class novelty, 20s. per 100, strong; Red Perpetual, 30s. per 1000. Also strong planting GRAPE VINES at low prices, on application. The Chambery Nurseries, New Hampton, Middlesex. CABBAGE PLANTS, Autumn Sown, Shil- ling*8 Queen. Early Rainham, Drumhead, Savoy. 2s. 6rf. per 1000, 4.5.'. per 20.000. packed ; 100. free. Is. M. King Co,i, Bath Cos LETTUCE, Aigburtli Brussells Sprouts, 4s. per 1000. packed; 100, free. Is. 6. are the chief characteristics of the variety. The dorsal sepal is mainly white, with almost confluent purple-bro\Tn spots distributed all over it. Two or three form? were observed of C. Schliniii, differing in the more or less intense rose-pink colour of the upper portions of the small globular pouch, and which contrast prettily with the white petals. The flower has the downy coverinj; and pink com- plexion of some Teaches when ripe. Among many other Cypripeds noticed in bloom Avere C. politum, C. villosura, and C. vernixium. Miscellaneous. — Odontoglossums, IMiah^nopsis of many species, Dendrobiums and ICpidendrums, a few ; Angraicum citratum, and Cuidog^'ne holo- leuca, &c., were observed in the various houses. The Pitcher-house was exceedingly well furnished with pitcher-bearing plants. The flower-house at this nursery is very gay with all kinds of everybody's plants. Lilacs, Staphyl^-a, colchica, Dutch bulbs, Lachenalia pendula, Lily of the Valley, Cytisus, Hoteia japonica, Roses, Erica perspicua and E. p. nana (both neat- growing, charming species witii light pink club- shaped blossoms, freely shown) ; Khododendron Early Gem, Azalea obtusa alba (one of Maries' "finds" in Japan, and which flowers early natur- ally) ; A. ama;na ColvilH is another small flowered early kind. Mh. H. B. May, Edmonton, N. Reineckia carnea variegata is a pretty plant, introduced nearly a hundred years ago under the Dame of Sanseviera, or Sanseviella, carnea. The plant comes from China and Japan, and is hardy in favoured localities, but it is better when grown indoors, as a batch of it in this nursery showed. It has a decumbent root-stock, from which rise tufts of green-white striped grassy leaves, about half-an-inch broad and 12 inches long, when fully grown, and gracefully recurved. I may compare it, as regards habit, with the well-known Ophiopogon Jaburan variegata, to which it forms a good com- panion. The spikes of flesh-coloured flowers are not attractive, but when these are in contrast with the variegated leaves their eflect is pleasing as a whole. Propagation is by division. It succeeds in any porous loamy soil, and is equally at home in the greenhouse frame, in all cases enjoying abundance of light and moisture. Another variegated leaved hardy plant, which is here forced in large quantities for use in ordinary bouquets, is the common Ribbon-grass, Phalaris arundinacea variegata, the cream-whice and green of the leaves coming out clearly when the plant is forced. It is a cause for wonder that this species of Grass is not more grown for cutting, as clumps of it taken in from the outside scarcely require to be forced, the warmth found in a greenhouse being Bufficient. Tree Perpetuals, or winter-flowering Carnations, are now grown here in enormous numbers, and pre- sently will outnumber the Perns, for which tliia nursery is almost unrivalled. These Carnations are struck and grown as freely as Ageratums, and the great number of 6-inch pots full of pipings in all stages of growth showed that the percentage of loss in propagation was very low, it being rare that a blank was observed in a pot. When potted off into thumbs and GO's, the Carnations occupy many ranges of long low-roofed pits, and when the plants nre shifted into 48'3 and 32's they are brought into roomy span-roofed houses. Judging from the quan- tities of flowers found of certain colours, it would seem that some sorts are greater favourites than others; for instance, Miss Joliffe, a rich salmon- coloured flower, was conspicuous. This is, without doubt, one of the best of its class. Then, of the dwarf-growing, pure white Mdlle. Carle was very fine; and the good old variety, Andalusia, with its large fringed yellow flowers. Others noted in large numbers were Pride of Penshurst, Lucifer, Dr. Ray- mond, and Mrs. Keynes, these well representing the scarlet section. There was also a large stock of Empress of Germany, a pale rose-and-red striped ; La Zouave, White Swan (a robust grower). Indian Chief, A. Alegatiere, Vulcan, Pink Pearl, and many other good and useful Carnations, all in the best condition, and growing in all siiies, from the cutting to the full-sized flowering specimen. Hardy Primroses are now in fine condition, mostly selected seedlings of elatior or ofKcinalis. They vary in colour from yellow in various shades to scarlet-purple, purple-brown, maroon, lilac, and some other almost indescribable shades. Of those called the Calycanthema section, or those in which the calyx is of the sd,me colour as the corolla, there were many fine forms, and a? seen in the mass they gave a good idea of the value of these early spring flowers for decorative work, /■'. li. PLANT PORTRAITS. Aster Stracheyi, Garden, March IG. — A creeping species, with glaucous oblong leaves, and violet flower-heads on erect stalks, 3—4 inches high. A little gem fur the rockwork. Fendlera nap. cola, Garden and Forest, March 6. — Saxifragese; hardy shrub, 2—4 feet; flowers 4-petaUed, white, 1 in. in diameter. LoURVANA campanulata, Bevtic Horticole, March IG. — Very like Tupistra, but constituting a distinct genus, according to M. Baillon. A stove plant from Cochin China. MoRMODEs luxatum, Rcvuc Hortlcolc, March 1(3. THE MADRESFIELD GHAPE.^ In this paper, it is my intention to confine myself to results, practically worked out, by my own close observation and experimental study, plain practical facts, proved beyond doubt, or question, in my own mind. It will be sufficient fur our purpose to deal ^\iLl^ Vines and Grapes, as we find them developed about the year 18GL). The earliest recorded attempt at artificial heating was at Belvoir Castle, by means of lioUow-flued walls, about 1718. Now the Madresfield Court Grape is a cross, the result of crossing AV'hite Muscat of Alexandria with Black Morocco (,the Kempsey Alicante of some), and which was performed at Madresfield Court Garden, by the late Mr. \V. Cox, then gardener at that place. It was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Ivoyal Horticultural Societv in 18G8, and was introduced to commerce by Messrs. Lee, of Hammer- smith. Naturally, seeing that both parents were late kinds, everybody assumed that the new comer would be late also, a most unfortunate incident for its reputation, and great was the disappointment caused by its being treated as and planted with late varieties. This went on for years and the Grape was loudly condemned by reason of the cracking of berries and its failure to colour well, mostly in mixed vineries, be it observed. Ultimately it dawned upon some growers that the second early and mid-season bouses would suit the Vine better, and the new Grape rose accordingly in public estimation as being one of the best black Grapes extant. This Grape may be had in good condition from May to December inclusive. The last bunches were consumed at JIadreslield on .Jaiiuaiy 'J., and we shall probably have forced ones ready for the table by the middle of the month of May, and were I confined to one variety, it would be this one. I understand that growers for market, finding the commercial value great, are taking up its cultivation vigorously, because they, doubtless, believe that the demand for it will increase, at the expense of its rival, the lilack Hamburgh, the quality being far superior. I maintain that a Grape grower's triumph consists in a nice, evenly finished, and well ripened crop, free from anything sensational in huge bunches, which, * Extract from a paper reail at a gcnenil meetiDR of tho Birmingham ani Midlaud Couiiti''^ GaniL-ners' Mutual Im- provfraeut Astociatiou, by Mr, W. Cnuup, of Madre^li'-ld Cuurt Gardens, on January 'Si, ISSH, after all, are not desirable objects except to exhi- bitors. How to best achieve this is the question before us. It may be superfluous to enter into details of border making, notwithstanding the fact that making Vine borders at the present day is a very different matter generally compared with the practice of twenty years ago. I recollect being told by a very old garden labourer how he once helped in his early days to plant a house of Vines, and how the roots of every Vine plant as planted were most carefully wrapped up in large pieces of flannel. These were truly the primitive days of Vine cultivation in England, and the owner of these glass-houses where this was done has not been dead quite a month yet. The size of a Vine border often has to depend on circumstances, but whatever its size it should alwavs be kept for the roots of the Vines. The maximum breadth should not exceed 10 or 12 feet inside, and the same width outside, indeed, less width would do ; but whenever the roots have occupied the greater part of the border, if planting is done in the month of September or early in October it is astonishing how the roots of the Vines extend in good soil. A portion of the exhausted soil may be removed even to the extent of a moderate disturbance of the roots, and replaced with good compost, making the soil firm as the work proceeds. This may be done annually or biennially. My own practice is to concrete the bottom of the border some 3 inches in thickness, giving the con- crete a gentle slope for drainage purpose, for if this is not done there is always the risk of some of the roots striking down into the less genial subsoil, with its attendant ill consequences, even under the best management. I prefer a border which is elevated and made piecemeal, commencing with a 3-feet breadth next to the house, and a turf wall for a boundary, adding to it as required ; the width inside may be the same. For very early forcing inside borders are to be preferred, but for general purposes a combination of inside and outside, made firm and solid, is to he recommended. The best kind of compost consists of good holding loam of a turfy and fibrous nature, enriched with potash and phosphates, half-inch crushed unboiled bones, wood-ashes, and old mortar rubble, the proportions of each ingredient being varied to suit the nature of the loam — the more retentive and fibrous the loam the more fertile it is, but it will as a consequence require more of the porous rubble to prevent cohesiveness than a light or sandy loam. I have sometimes employed horns and hoofs of animals, and rags, rabbits' and sheep's feet, and other refuse from the bone mills, the two latter in the raw state — with excellent and last- ing effect. There are some who recommend an admixture with the soil of a highly concentrated artificial manure, as Thompson's Vine manure, but I prefer to employ this later on, as a top-dressing. For planting we jirefer one-year old canes (cut-hacks) which have made a few inches of new growth after having been previously shaken out. May is con- sidered to be the best month for planting permanent Vines, and the distance not less than 4 feet apart ; at this time the roots are the most active and ready to seize upon the good soil provided. Give plenty of moisture, heat, air and light, then the leaves will be built up of good substance to stand the sun, whereas if grown under too close and badly venti- lated an atmosphere, scorching of the foliage and insect attacks will follow. Encourage laterals in every direction, but beware of an excess in this matter — the crowding of foliage ; judiciously water the roots, and give a good mulching. I may here mention, although it is not new, an advantageous, and expeditious method of renewing Vines that we have lately practised. Being anxious to furnish as quickly as possible a certain vinery with ,^Iadrcs- fields, we took down an old rod in an adjoining viTicry, nmde an ojicning through the dividing wall, and so layered its full length on the inside border ; in due course it threw ujj a shoot or two from every spur, which were disbudded and trained u Wakch 2;l 18S9.] niE GARDEn^nS' tmitONICLE. S63 required. The growth made was highly satisfac- tory, it going to the top of the house, whilst a per- fect wig of roots was formed all along the border. the old rod b^ing gradually cut through at the base as these new roots extended. As regards pruning. I am an advocate for exten- sion pure and simple, therefore it is most essential to thorougly ripen the wood in the autumn, and herein lies a great secret, and any half-measures or neglect at this point will be irretrievable, whilst thoroughness and cleanliness will bring success, for without ripeness extension pruning would be quite a failure, abundance of tire-heat and ventila- tion being absolutely necessary — the amount of each being regulated by the season — to accomplish this. By the extension system the additional young rods on a Vine impart great vigour, whilst the crop of bunches on a Vine so pruned and trained would be greater than that on several Vines occupying an equal amount of space. IVIoveover extension is certaiuly favourable to longevity in the Vine, whereas the reverse exhausts the vital energies of the plant with more rapidity; and if it were not that the Vine is an exceedingly manageable subject and has quick recuperative power, this result would become more generally apparent than it is. Moreover, extension of growth is certainly more in unison with its natural habit than restriction. Upon training I need not comment, as every operator has his own fancy, and the same may be said of disbudding, although, if all has gone on aright, and the Vines at this stage have broken strongly and well, considerable care must be exercised, for the better they are doing the more brittle and liable the shoots are to snap off. I now reach the setting of the Grapes, a matter upon which considerable diversity of opinion exists. Jly practice is to keep up a brisk, bracing, and buoyant temperature of about 65*^ to 75S U-tQ from draughts, whilst the Vines are in flower, occasionally, during the day, removing the exudation from the stigma, by drawing the dry hand down the bunch gently, or by lightly tapping the shoots to disperse the pollen. In dull weather this roust be frequently done, or small and seedless berries will form, for the Madresfield Court inherits som«=' of the faults of one of its parents — the Black Morocco — which, by the way, is a notoriously bad setter, and ia subject to cracking. It is the warm buoyant air, together with sunlight, which induces the proper dispersion of the pollen, and the fertilisation of the flowers. (To he continiud.) Orchid Notes and Gleanings. THE PLANTS IX FLOWER AT \YOOLTOX WOOD. Thehe is, at the present time, a fine display of flowers in Mr. Ilolbrook Gaskell's collection. The Masdevallias Ilarryana, ignea, and Lindenii, of which there are very large masses, are now push- ing up their numerous spikes, and will, a few weeks hence, be worth going a long distance to see. Of Odontoglossums, in the cool house, a great number are in flower or bud, and Oncidium raacranthum, 0. serratura, and Odontoglossum Edvvardii are especially noticeable, others in flower being O. crispum, 0. Pescatorei, 0. luteo-purpureum, U. Halli, 0. triumphans, 0. Ilossi majus, and others; and overhead hang magnificent examples of Afasde- vallia chima^ra, which are at times well furnished with flowers. The somewhat scarce M. bella is a grand specimen, clothed with abundance of foliage. Plants of ililtonia vexillaria, which are in the finest condition, almost monopolise one house, the other occupants being Oncidium crispum, 0. mar- sballianura, O. Forbesii, and splendidum, Odonto- glossums, 0. Harryanum, 0. pulchellum, and O, citrosmum, La;lia harpophylla and Ada aurantiaca — plants quite at home in a warmth midway between that of the cool Odontoglossum-house and that of the Cattleya-house. Loeliae in great variety, including examples of L. anceps, its varieties, alba. Duwsonii, Sanderiana, Williamsi, Hilli, Barkeriana, and Percivalliana were observed in another house well grown, the plants being mostly large ones. Great pieces of Ctelogyne cristata were in full flower ; the fine variety Lemoiniana, as flne a plant as any in the country, had seventy-six spikes. The yet rare variety C. c. alba was likewise in flower. A group of Dendrobium Palconeri forms quite a thicket in a snnny corner of this house, and will when in flower be a remarkable object. I observed in bloom Cypripedium Boxallii superbum, and a very dark form of C. villosum, which had fifty open flowers, were observed. A large plant or collection of jilants of the shy- flowering Odontoglossum coronarium is developing some very fine growths. This ])laiit has been brought from its former home — the Masdevallia- house — into that in which the Ladias are grown, with a view to flowering it there, it being thought that the stronger heat would induce the plant to flower ; the result of the change of quarters will be watched with interest. The Cuttleyas are very gay, C. Triana?s being now at their best. There are plants of C. Mossise and C. Mendellii, C. Percivalliana. C. Walkeriana, of which I noted two plants, each with about 20 pseudobulbs ; C. Lawrenciana, C. Warneri, C. crispa, C gigas, C. Sanderiana, C. Gaskelliana, Lxlia elegans, L. amanda, L. purpurata, L. Perrinl, and others too numei'ous to be mentioned here. The chief interest is furnished by a plant of L:clia superbiens var., which has this season deve- loped two flower-spikes, with thirteen and eleven flowers respectively. A description and figure of the plant will shortly appear in the Bck-hciibackia and the Orchid Alham. Cypripediuras occupies a large portion of a warm house. 0. Spicerianura appeared to be the favourite. Many line things in large examples were observed. Several of the Leeanum type, raised here, have this season flowered for the first time. Amongst Dendrobes in flower are large masses of the old and most useful nobile and its var. nobilius, and D. Ainsworthii. Several plants of Vanda Araesiana are flowering freely. Vanda gigantea, the most majestic of Vandas, has a nine-flowered spike. This Burmese species is seldom seen in flower. The flowers are of large sixe and good substance, the colour yellow, with brown blotches and crimson sports. Calanthes Williamsi, C. Turner!, Lycaste lanipea, AngfLCCum Leonis, Dendrochilum glumaceum, help to swell the display. A number of Orchids, generally found difticult to manage, are quite at home in the stove ; these are Cattleya Eldorado and its varieties, C. Dowjana and C. D. aurea, C. superba, C. speciosissima, Oncidiums Lanceanura and 0. ampliatum, and Brassavola Digbyana. F. Ashtun. Saccolabium CaXESTE is a new and lovely species, evergreen, and com- pact in growth, with foliage 6 inches long. The plant attains to a foot or more in height, and is slow in growing to this size. The inflorescence proceeds from the axils of the leaves on either side of the stem, and the spike is erect, some 6 or 9 inches in height, the raceme being dense. The bltint cuneate-oblong sepals and petals are tipped with skv-blue, and the compressed blunt recurved spur has a blue tint on both sides of centre ; the interior part is also sky-blue, while two falcate, subulate bodies rise from the apex inside the spur. The blooming season is July and August, and the plant continues in full beauty between three and four weeks, if kept in a fairly warm house, and the flowers shielded from the effects of damp. This plant requires the temperature of the East India-house to maintain it in proper condition, and should be grown in sphagnum moss, with ample drainage. It is of slow growth, and requires a con- siderable time to attain to the dimensions of a specimen ; nevertheless, when strong it produces lateral growths, which, as they increase in size, tend to iMJike the plant compact and dense, whilst as its young shoots produce flowers in abundance, it cannot be ranked as a sliy bloomer. From the natural habitat of the ]dant it probably will occur to growers in this country that it requires strong heat, an abundance of atmospheric moisture, plenty of sun, as well as light and air ; yet it will be found advan- tageous to shade it from the hottest sun in this country, as, being beneath glass, the foliage is apt to become yellow or burnt, which would not occur in the open air. As before remarked, this species during its period of growth, requires an abundance of water, and even when at rest, it should be kept free from drought. We find iSaccolabium succeed best as basket plants, suspended near the roof, and yet not too near the glass during the cold nights, as the leaves are apt to become yellow, and in this ca^e the beauty of the plant is much diminished, as nothing detracts more from the appearance of a p!ant as yellow and brown foliage. Insects are not very troublesome, yet the white scale sometimes makes its appearance, which should be at once removed, or otherwise they will speedily cause the foliage to assume an unhealthy hue, to the great detriment of the health of the plant. " Orchid Atbicm,' Januai'i/, 13^0. Cymuidium eburneoXLowiantm, n. hyh. The work of hybridisation among Orchids pro- ceeds apace, and we have now to record another genus that must be added to the list of those in which artificial hybrids have been obtained. The present instance is, moreover, one of especial in- terest, for up to the present time by far the great majority of the hybrid Orchids that have flowered are included in the tribes Epidendreas and Cypri- pedcio, whereas Cymbidium belongs to the Vandeaj. The hybrids obtained in the last-named tribe are still few in number, and previous to the flowering of this Cymbidium were confined to four genera, viz., an Aerides raised by Dominy many years ago, three or four Zygopetalums, the bigeneric Zygo- colax, and the beautiful Phalajnopses described in recent volumes of the Gardeners' Chronicle, From a horticultural point of view, too, this new acquisi- tion has been accredited with marked favour, a First- class Certificate having been awarded to it at the meeting of the Koyal Horticultural Society, on March \'l. Indeed, sprung from two such noble species as Cymbidium eburneum and C. powianum, the progeny could scarcely be otherwise than exceptionally inter- esting. As indicated by the name, C. eburneum is the pollen parent ; the cross was we learn effected about nine years ago. The following is a description of the plant: — Vegetation nearer that of Cymbidium eburneum than ofC. Lowianum. Pseudobulbs ovoid, compressed, 2.}— 3 inches long, with 3 — 4 equitant leaves on each side, gradually longer upwards, and an apical one, all broader than in C. eburneum, but narrower than in C, Lowianum, and with the characteristic pale basal band of the last named species. Raceme shorter than the leaves, as in C. eburneum. but shorter, and covered with long, narrow, and very acuminate bracts, as in that species. The raceme in the present instance, is three- flowered, but the number will probably be greater as the plant gains strength. Flowers equal in size to those of the best C. eburneum forms, and delightfully fragrant; sepals and petals similar, and sub-equal, light nankeen- yellow, almost ivory-white, oblong-lanceolate, the petals and lateral sepals spreading, the dorsal sepals bent forwards; lip nearly as in C. Lowianum, ivory- white on the inner side, with a V-shaped red-crimson blotch on the reflexed front lobe ; lamellte of the disc bright yellow. Column ivory-white, with a reddish crimson stain next the anther case. BurtLINGTONIA FBAGRAN3 blooms during the months of April, May, and June, and continues in perfection for fully three weeks. This species, like all the Burlingtonias, is not diflicult to ujaintaiu in vigoious health if just 364 THE GAliDENEJ?S' cniiONlCLE. fMARCH 123, 1S8D. the necessary care is bestowed upon it. It thrives well upon a block of wood, or in small baskets or pans; these should be drained well, and a very email quantity of potting material should be used, as the plants thrive best when their tliin, white, wiry roots can escape from the basket or pan, and hang freely in the air. It enjoys an abundance of light, and should be suspended from the roof, some 18 inches from the glass; in this position, during the hottest days in summer, slight shading will be necessary, but during the autumn and winter months it will require all the sun that shines. We lind the temperature of the Cattleya-house suits this species admirably, with an abundance of moisture in the atmosphere during the growing season ; in the resting season its roots must be kept moist, for its small bulbs or leaves, if once allowed to shrivel, do not readily swell up again ; indeed, the same rule applies to all those kinds of Orchids with small bulbs. Burlingtonias thrive best when undisturbed, but if it is absolutely necessary to increase this plant, it may be effected by division, choosing a vigorous subject for the purpose, just before growth com- mences. White scale is apt to infect this plant, which secretes itself in the sheathing bases of the leaves ; these insects must be eradicated whenever seen, as they rapidly cause the plant to assume a sickly hue and cast off its leaves. " Orchid Alhicm" January, 18S9. MiLTONIA SPECTABILIS. The cultivation of this plant is very easy if its wants are carefully supplied. M. spectabilis and M. spectabilis Moreliana succeed under the same treat- ment, as they necessarily would do, being found in the same localities Ln a state of Nature, growing on the branches of trees, where they get partial shade, but the full benefit of light and air. Their creeping stems spread rapidly in the rainy season, which is their time of growth and flower. After the flowers are past the dry season follows ; but even at this time there is a considerable amount of moisture rising during the night, and they also derive nourishment from the decaying leaves that fall amongst them. We find them succeed well in baskets or in pans, as their creeping stems require a large amount of sur- face-room. They require good drainage, but not a large amount of soil, as they do not root deeply, the best material being rough peat fibre, or living sphag- num moss ; and the proper time to repot or re-basket them is in spring, just as they bpgin to start into growth. The warmest end of the Cattleya-house, or the cool end of the East India-house, will supply them best with the necessary heat, and the baskets should be suspended near the roof-glass in such a position that the plants can be shaded from the sun during the hotter part of the day. They require a liberal supply of water to the roots, and an atmosphere well charged with moisture during the period of active growth. White scale appears to be one of their natural enemies, as it is frequently imported with them, and if not eradicated thrives apace, to the great detri- ment of the plants. It is, therefore, essential to keep these— and all other insects— from injuring them in health and appearance. " Orchid Album,'' January, 1880. FUNGUS ON CUCUMBER PLANTS. DIDYMIUM U/EDALEUM, B. and Bn. Some time rro a correspondent sent to the office of the Gardeners Ckronick examploa of Cucumber stems and leaves badly infested witli a fungus. The fungus growth presented such a peculiar appearance, that the correspondent naturally doubted whether it really belonged to the vegetable kingdom at all. The fungus was a rare member of the Slime- fungi or Myxomycetes, so called because they are slimy in their infant state. The plant forwarded was an example of Didyraium dadaleum, B. and Br., which is, as far as I know, confined to Cucum- ber plants. It -was first observed by Mr. Berkeley in 1843, and I have no record of its re-appearance till last year (1888). Mr. Berkeley described this fungus as growing in great abundance in a Cucumber frame at Milton, in Northamptonshire ; on writing to Mr. Berkeley as to this habitat, he replied that the Milton fungus was really infesting Cucumber plants, and so exactly agreed iu habit with the plant lately sent to this office. Didymium dicdaleum is remarkable for its possession of one name only ; it is not involved in a labyrinth of ■fr Fig. 6i3.— cuciL'MiiicR Di.'sKAsi: : DinvMiu.M d.i:uali:l'm. (FOR REFERENCliS, HJiK TE.XT.) involved synonomy. Some mycologists, as the readers of this paper know, delight in re-naming fungi, and it is probable that no fungi iiave more synonymous names than the Myxomycetes--several have more than twenty different names, llow much longer Didymium d;edaleum will escape it isdilhcult to say ; possibly it:^ rarity has saved it from mycological verbosity. The accompanying illustration (fig. GO) will give an idea of Didymium dreJaleum, which has, I believe, not been illustrated before. The figure at a shows part of a stem and leaf-stalk of a Cucumber plant, natural size, covered with the Didymium ; the leaves sent were spotted in a similar manner, much in the style of Hollyhock leaves when ba ily attacked by Puccinia malvacearum. At n and c, a top and side view of a single growth, or sporangium, is shown. The sporangia are often confluent. The name may here be referred to; the name Didymium was not invented by Jlr, Berkeley; it refers to two supposed membranes of the sporangium. In the illustration (d) only one membrane is shown, and this would seem (to a beginner) to disaccord with the generic name, but mycologists kindly tell us the walls of Ditlymium are '* single or double ; " white, too, is sometimes black ; " dcedaleum," as given by Mr. Berkeley, is very good ; it describes the intricate convolutions of the sporangium itself as seen at B and ^c enlarged 20 diameters. The illus- tration at D shows a vertical section through a sporangium ; the darker portion shows the interior compacted mass of millions of dark- coloured spores ; the colourless granules outside the sporangium are amorphous grains of lime, these grains of lime give the fungus (as seen by the un- aided eye) a curious greyish-white mealy appearance. At the lower part of the illustration at d the singular reddish-brown or orange-coloured stem is seen per- forated with many comparatively large openings. The microscopic structure of this fungus is not cellular as in fungi not belonging to the Myxo- mycetes. At E, the minute violet-black spherical spores are illustrated enlarged 400 diameters. When these spores germinate they do not give rise to a mycelial thread as in most fungi, but to a minute mobile fragment of slimy protoplasm. These slimy fragments soon be- come confluent, and a mass of the conjoined frag- ments is termed a plasmodium. The sporangia illustrated spring from the slimy plasmodia much as other fungi spring from thread-like spawn or my- celium. The Didymium acts injuriously on Cucum- ber plants, for although the fungus is superficial every sporangium scars the host plant. The examples illustrated have been given to the Department of Botany, British Museum, South Ken- sington. Worfhin.ijfon G. Smith, Dimstabk. S.iXIFRAQES. The Megasha Section. — The Megasea group, which includes crassifolia, ligulata, Stracheyi, &c., is a very interesting one, and of great value for spring decoration. Unfortunately they are not proof against our early spring frosts, and in five cases out of ten the bunches of fiowers, though p'roduced in the greatest profusion, are blackened and destroyed to the distress of all concerned. S. Stracheyi has been singled out specially as being most tender, but in our experience all are more or less tender, and none more so than S. ciliata, though one of the freest flowering and most useful of all the Megaseas. Beginningwith S. ligulata, perhaps the best known of the group, we have a plant suitable for all climates, however severe they be, because, if planted against a north exposure, which was suggested for S. Stracheyi, it rarely begins to flower until the worst of the danger is over. The flowers are produced in a dichotomous panicle, pale red or almost white, and always in great profusion; leaves subcordate, obnvate, and ciliated only on the margins. — Native of Nepal. &c., forming large imposing masses. Figured in Bof. Mio/., aiOG. S. ciliata, of which a figure is given (p. SIk'i, fig. G7), is now placed as a variety of S. ligulata, although for what reason -we are quite at a loss to understand, unless it be that of geographical distri- bution, S. ligulata being in every way more closely allied to cordifolia and crassifolia than it is to ciliata. It differs from S. ligulata in being de- ciduous, the leaves copiously hairy on both surfaces, and the flowers closely resembling those of S. vStracheyi, figured also But. Mag., 4015. Nepal and Kuraaon. S. thi/mnodcs {Bot. Reg., 1816. t. 43) we have March 1889.] THE GABDE NEBS' CHI? ONI CLE. 365 always looked upon as a synonym of S. ciliata, and it would be difficult to draw a distinction. In tlie Dictionary of Gardeniiuj it ia placed as a variety of S. Straclieyi. 5. crasMfolia is a Siberian species differing from S. ligulatft in its fleshy oval leaves with serrulated margins, Bot. Mai/., lllfi. S. c. var. cordifolia has orbicular leaves, cordate, and with serrated margins ; flowers in bunches, red. Siberia, intro- duced 1770. 5. Stnic/iti/i is a useful plant, many forms of which are in cultivation in gardens, besides those of different coloured flowers. The most notable of these forms is one that retains its large obovate spathulate leaves all through the winter; flowers pink or white. "Western Himalayas. B^'t. Mat/., 5;x;7. S. /mrpurasoeiis. — Another Himalayan species, and when in a flourishing condition bv far the showiest whatever colour contrast well with the light green of the leaves. The plants have the merit of blooming freely in the mouths of February, March, and April. I have already suggested well-enriched, deeply-prejiared soil as being requisite for their successful growth, but it is also a fact tiiat the plants will live a long time in poor soil, and when once they have taken possession it is ditlicult to extirpate them, lieing gross feeders, they are, unless well manured, too prone to form roots near the surface, with the result that they suffer during dry summer weather; hut when aided by occasional waterings during the months of July and August, they form fine crowns, and by carefully transplanting them they may be made to do excellent duty as spring bedders. As some species are natives of Siberia, there need be no question of their perfect hardiness. The best species are M. purpurascens (Himalayan Fia. .07.— S.VXIFB.\QA CILIATA. (sEE P. 364.) of the group. The flowers are produced in a loose panicle, rich purple, almost an inch in diameter, leaves oblong. Hot. Mag., 5066. Amongst the hybrids of this class S. Milesii and S. speciosa are perhaps the best known, both of which are largely indebted to S. Stracheyi. Some others have been introduced lately, but we have not had time yet to test their merits. B. Megaseas, when well grown upon rockwork, or in herbaceous borders, stand out boldly where suitable provisions have been made. Of very dwarf growth, Megaseas produce very large leaves, broad, or heart- shaped, of a pleasing shade of green, and which maintain their freshness throughout the year. The, comparatively speaking, large spikes of flower, standing 8 or 10 inches high, resemble short-stalked Hyacinths, and possess pleasing tints of colour, as rose, ro-ev-purple, rosy-red, pink, and white, with some intermediate shades. The flower-spikes of form) ; M. cordifolia purpurea, a grand variety of a very popular species, and perhaps the best of all ; M. Stracheyi, the flesh-coloured species ; M. ligulata (strap or tongue-leaved species) ; M. crassi- folia, and crassifolia sibirica, the thick-leaved forms. IV. Eailey, it/onl. Hybrid Saxifragas. The paper by J. G. Baker of Kew Herbarium on the genus Saxifiaga, read at the Horticultural Society on the r2th inst., is almost sure to raise an important discussion with growers of these popular alpines. The subject was well chosen, and .all who are acquainted with the genus know that it requires nothing short of a master-hand to cope with such great confusion as exists at present. The only un- fortunate part of it was the fact that the genus could not be well represented in living specimens. Indeed the mossy group, except perhaps, with the exception of S. Camposii, could hardly be represented at all ; and the show consisted chiefly of the opposili- folias, ,S. Burseriana, sancta, and a few of that class. The sections that are most confused are the Aizoon and mossy varieties, the garden names of whicli may he counted by the hundred. Apart from the truo species there arc several hybrids hardly known at all in gardens, iiltliough of sterling worth as rockery plants, and as easily managed as the species. It may not he out of ]ilace to name a few of these hybrids, ns S. lutea-purpurea is a cross between aretioides and media, and is exactly intermediate between the above two species. It was introduced from the Continent, and is now oft'ered in the German lists, under the erroneous name of S. Frederici-Augusti, and under which it was certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society. S. luteo-purpurea was first described by Lapey- rouse, in Fl. Pi/i:, 2'.), and also in DC. Fl. ds Fr., iv., 397. It is a very charming plant, with much the habit of S. sancta, but snjiorior in point of beauty. It rarely exceeds 2 inches in height, forming a dense tufty mass of small rosettes, the leaves lanceolate acute, with cartilaginous margins, and distinctly seven-pitted on the upper surface. The flower-stem glandular, hairy, corymbose, flowers numerous, me- dium-sized, and of an agreeable primrose-yellow. S. Frederici-Augusti is quite a different plant, and we are doubtful if it is in cultivation at all. It was found by Bassoletto ( Viaqi/., fig. 199), in Dalmatia in 1841. It is close to S. media, and maybe a form of that species; the lower leaves are narrow, linear- lanceolate, obtuse. The inflorescence is spicate, ns in S. media, and the flowers purple. We have seen specimens from the highest cone of Parnassus, and from the high mountains of Firirc. It is doubtless hardy, and would certainly be an acquisition. S. ambigua DC Fl. Fr., v., 517, is a hybrid betv/een the same jtarents, but nearer to media — S. medio-areti- oides, Godr., Fl. Fr., i., 657, differing from both by its obtuse linear leaves. It has a neat habit, and is easily managed. S. miitataxaizoidfs. Renter, Lagger in Flora, 1.S37, p. 622. — This cross gives rise to three hybridp, two of which, S. Hausmanni and Regeli, are in cultivation. S. Hausmanni, Kerner, in (Est.Bot. Zdt., 1863, p. 105, is exactly intermediate between the two parents ; habit dwarf and compact, leaves linear- oblong, rigid, with slightly cartilaginous margins ; flowers numerous, citron and pale orange-coloured, Tvrol. &c. 'S. Regeli, Kerner, (Est. Bot. Zeit, 1870, p. 107. This form is nearer to ^izoides ; flowers large, orange, leaves oblong-linear, mucronate, with ciliate margins. S. inclinata, Kerner, we have not seen. S. GeumX Aizoon give ns two, one of which, the well-known S. Andrewsii, Harvey, Hook. Loud. Joiirii, of Bot., vii., 570, is in cultivation ; S. Guthrieana is a synonym. S. Aizoon Xcuneifolia gives S. Zim- meteri, Kern. QHst., Bot. Zeit. It is nearly intermediate between the parents, having the flowers of Aizoon and the neat habit of cuneifolia. S. cesia X aizoides also gives a fine hybrid, S. patens (Gaud, Fl. Hdu., iii., 92), intermediate between the parents ; leaves oblong lanceolate, obtuse ; the margins at the base ciliate, and 5—7 pitted on the upper surface. S. tyrolensis, Kerner, Bot. Zeit., 1870, p. 140, ia a rare hybrid between S. ciesia and squarrosa, with habit of squarrosa. S. Kochii, Hornung, an interesting hybrid between oppositifolia and biflora. The habit resembles the former parent, more straggly, the leaves wider apart, and the branches weaker; the flowers are 'about 1 inch in diameter, with a distinct purple ring round the base of the lilac-purple petals ; anthers deep orange, every alternate one opening first. Another form from the above parents, called Huteri, we have not seen. Another hybrid, Aizoon X crustata, called S. pectinata, Schott, is well known in gardens ; the rosettes of Aizoon-like Iraves are very neat. Bot. Zeit., 1870, 145. Others are pedemontana, capitata, Mureti, hy- brida, &c. D. 866 THE OABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makcb 23, 1889. Forestry. The Scotch Pine.— Dr. Schlich has published (through W. H. Allen & Co., Waterloo Place) a series of " Yield Tables," calculated from the detailed measurements in 351 Pine woods made in various parts of Germany by Ilerr W. Weise, Dr. Schlich has translated this document and reduced the German measurements to their English equivalents. The tables show the progressive amount of increase of a wood of a definite area, during the progress of the trees from early youth to maturity and the returns which may be expected from it. Separate yield tables are, of course, required for the different species, as also for the different methods of treatment as standards or coppice, or a combination of the two. The following passage will enable the reader still further to realise what is aimed at :— "When standing trees have been grown in the open at such distances that they do not interfere with each other, they show a varying rate of incre- ment, and the cubic contents must be ascertained by measuring each individual tree. When trees have been grown on fully stocked areas, in so-called crowded woods, the increment per unit of area (acre) follows certain well defined laws, which caa be ascer- tained once for all, and applied to the measurement of the volume of other growing woods. This was recognised many years ago, and several eminent foresters have from time to time given tables which show what volume certain species can be expected to produce if grown on a locality of a certain quality. Such yield tables were originally prepared for certain distiictfi only, but they were soon found to be applicable to lands situated at a distance, so that gradually the idea developed of preparing general yield tables, for instance, for the whole of Germany. *' About twenty years ago an association of Ger- man foresters for experimental investigation and the collection of statistics was formed, which, as part of its work, devotes its attention to the investigation of the laws of increment of growing woods. In the year 1873 this association agreed upon a systematic method, according to which all measurements were to be made, and the results arranged. Since then numerous measurements have been made, and by 1879 sufficient material was available to prepare a set of general yield tables for the Scotch Pine. This WPS done by OberfuTster Wilhelm Weise, who was at that time connected with the experimental station at Ebereswalde, in Prussia. " Similar sets of tables have been prepared and issued for various other species, such as Spruce, Silver Fir, Beech, &c., while others are under pre- paration, so that within a limited number of years all important species will be dealt with." Dr. Schlich tells us that he has tested the tables with a view to their applicability in this country, and has found that the volume of growing wood can be calculated by their aid with wonderful accuracy. By their means it will be possible to obtain a close degree of approximation to the returns that our woods may be expected to yield within a certain period— a point concerning which we have, at pre- sent, little else than more or less shrewd guesses. Of course the ideal way of constructing such tables would be to stock a selected area of definite size and in which all the conditions should be as nearly uniform as possible with trees of the same species and age, and to measure them annually. But individual life is too short fur such procedures, and therefore a mean or average result has been attained by measuring woods of tlie same age in different localities and by comparing them with corresponding observations in other woods of different, but known ages. To avoid the confusion and uncertainty arising from varia- tions of soil and consequent differences in growth. Dr. Baur constructs a table based on the following considerations: — A good locality will produce good growth in height, an inferior locality the opposite, hence all woods which at the same age show the same mean growth in height must grow on soil of the same quality as far as the growth of timber culture is concerned. In this way a body of evidence is procured from a large number of woods of varying ftges, and the facts so collected are grouped into divisions according to height. A graphic represen- tation or diagram is then constructed in which the abscissa denote the various ages, whilst the height of the woods is indicated on the ordinates. Thus, woods showing a height, in from eighty to ninety years, of 90 or 100 feet are placed in the first division ; those in which during the same period a height of only 40-50 feet is noted, are considered of fifth-rate quality ; and so on. Of 306 woods thus reported on, 45 were eliminated as inconclusive from some cause or another. The remaining 3.")1 woods were divided into five classes, according to quality, thus : — Mean height of wood at the ageqf^ years. Over 81 feet 1st quality From 72— 84 feet 2mi ,. tJO— 72 ;tril ,. •'^O-BO 4th ,. Below 50 ,, 5tli ,, Accordingly the 351 woods were thus ultimately classed ; — To the tirst quality ,, second ,, „ third ,, fourtli ,, ,, fiftli 102 «2 2U Having gained these data, tht^ analysis is pursued still further by means of a series of tables, the con- struction and use of which are duly explained, and which show the mean height of a number of Fine woods according to height and quality; and the number of trees and size of the timber on an acre of ground of the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth quality respectively. These tables show the number of trees, their diameter, their mean height, the volume of wood in cubic feet and in faggots, the average annual increment, and other particulars. Similar tables show the returns per acre at regular intervals— 20— 25, 25—30 years, and so on, up to 115—120 years. It is difficult to give a clear idea of those tables in the form of a short article. Foresters and estate managers should, however, mako it their duty to master their contents, and, as far as possible, to act upon them. We can, however, imagine the dismay of the ordinary forester or bailiff at being confronted with these tables, and can sympathise with the forest officer of botanical or natural history tenden- cies, who has to subordinate his proclivities to the elaboration of statistical details of this character. Dr. Schlich, however, deserves the acknowledgment of those who wish to see the art of forestry based upon accurate scientific principles. Plants and Their Culture. Gkneral Dirfxtions: Thk Oreenhouse.— The hard-wooded plants will require now more attention as many of them will be nearing their flowering stage. Aphelexis plants should be freely watered to assist them to develope their flowers, and alwavs using rainwater. Many kinds of plants wmU now take more liberal supplies of water, and especially Cape Heaths, and this fact should be borne well in mind. Many plants suffer by being allowed to get too drv, whereby the water cannot permeate the ball of earth when it is afforded them. It is therefore good prac- tice for the same person to attend to them regularly rather than that several persons should do so. Newly potted plants should receive great attentinn, all over- watering being avoided. Erica. Cavendisliiana and several other varieties will now be coining into bloom, and should be allowed to get all the light possible. The same remark applies to Darwinias, which should be kept close to the glass, to give colour to the flowers. Epacrises which bloomed early and have broken freely after being cut back, should be repotted and kept at the warm end of the house, and ratlier closely for a short time. The late flowering varieties, such as Eclipse and E. miuiata splendens, should be kept in the coolest part of the house so as to retard their flowering. These require a little thinning out at times, and not close pruning like the erect-growing varieties. Boronias, Acrophyllum venosum, and Leschenaul- tias should be placed in favourable positions in the drier parts of the house, where they will be free from draughts of cold air, and be watered carefully. Chorozemas will now, or soon, be at their best, and should be transferred to the conservatory, and well supplied with water at the root. C. nenchraaai, which is liable to mildew, should be carefully watched for that malady. Chorozemas are useful plants to grow in small pots, as they are then avail- able for many decorative purposes ; it is therefore advisable to propagate some of them annually. Kalosanthes should be placed in sunny positions to form their trusses, and to keep them dwarf — a shelf near the glass is excellent. The plants may be given more water at this season. Pimeleas are most useful greenhouse plants, and easy of culture if care be taken of them after the plants are potted. They are very impatient of being over-watered at that stage, and should be afforded a little more warmth than that of a greenhouse to assist them in the formation of new roots. Small plants may now be repotted, and plants required to bloom late should have the points of the shoots pinched out. Statices that require repotting should have a shift, if it be found necessary on examination. These plants should have abundance of water when in active growth, and they will be benefited by liquid manure in liberal quantities as soon as the flower- spikes appear. Tremandras (Tetrathecas) should get all the sunshine possible, so that substance may be given to the flowers. Soft wooded Plants. — Chrysanthemum cuttings may now be potted into small pots, and kept close for a few days, a cold frame will then be the best place for them. Carnations early struck may be repotted, and more cuttings propagated ; the cuttings being taken from the plants in the greenhouse that have made new growth. A few of the early sown Stocks will now be coming into bloom, and may be afforded liquid manure occasionally. iMany other autumn sown annuals will be found valuable for cutting and decorative work, and a few of them may be brought on gently. Pumigate the greenhouses to destroy apides and thrips. Conservatory. — Hardy plants that have been forced and are going out of bloom should have a place in pits for a time. Deutzias may be repotted, growing them on in an intermediate-house, to make strong new growths, placing the i)lants into a cool frame in May, before standing them out-of-doors in June. These plants flower better under this kind of treat- ment, and are easier forced, lioses in pots should be examined often for the Rose-maggot and for mildew. Liquid manure must be frequently afforded the plants. Camellias will be now in bloom, and should not be allowed to suftVr from dryness at the root. All the permanent plants in this structure should have been repotted or top-dressed, creepers trained and regulated, and the house be often rear- ranged to prevent monotony. G. Wyihes, S'ton House Gardens, BrcntJ\ird. The Orchid Houses. Hints fob the Month. — In no matter connected with the Orcliid-houses is diligence better rewarded than in that of kee]iing down obnoxious insects. Fitful cleaners who clean a plant here .ind there and then leave it until they think its turn has come round again only make room tor a rising generation of insects, of which a crop is sure to follow in a short time, let the cleaning be ever so carefullv done. Freipient inspection and sponging of the 'plants either with clean water, or, in the case of tliose especially which have insects ou them, with weak tobacco-water or with some other properly mixed insecticide, is the best, and by careful continuance the insects may be almost stamped out. The insects in our Orchid-houses which must he faced in all collections may he enumerated as scales of many kinds, thrips, and aphides. These are found every- where, and must be colitinusilly dealt with. Mealybugs are rarely found on Orchids, unless these are grown in mixed plant stoves, and red-spider only when there is some defect in the health of the plants or the management (excessive dry-heat generallv). There is no doubt that fumigating as a means of keeping insects on Orchids in check is bad, no matter how cai-efully it is performed. It can never be done, I think, without injury to the plants, which might easily be avoided by hand-cleaning ; and, after all. Aphides are the only insects injured to any extent by fumigation. However, ifbyany meanstlie insects have got ahead to an alarming extent, it may be the lesser of two evils to fumigate lightly for three nights in succession, and afterwards to keep the 8pon';e or tobacco water or other insecticide in use. It should be borne in mind that the more closely the insects are kept in check the less is the work, and the more they are allowed to establish themselves the harder is the task of stamping them out. With March 23, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 307 this fact in view a specimen sIiouKl never be passed through the hands without being examined to see if it be clean or not. Wood-lice must be hnnted ; slugs, which are especially troublesome in the cool houses, looked after sharply, and the houses visited with a lamp at night. Cockroaches, whicli are most ravenous pests, should be killed with phosphor-paste placed on pieces of paper and spread about dry places in the houses every evening for a week ; then leave it ntl" for a week and re-commence, and so on until none remains. Uoot-galls and swollen buds (the work of the Isosoma Orchidiarum) should be ruthlessly cut otfand burnt, and general cleanliness of pUnts and houses diligently enforced. Jonies O'Brien. The Flower Garden. Prksknt OpKnATioNs: riANTiNu n.A.ia>v Carpet- iNo Plants. — The planting of hardy plants in beds not occupied with spring-flowering plants should be done now, with a view to the success which follows early planting, and of disposing of all the work pos- sible before the more busy season arrives. Our bedded-out garden is in winter filled witli small evergreen shrubs, Sedums, and Saxifrages, and these are now transferred to their summer quarters, and the beds occupied by them are being prepared for the reception of the summer bedders in due time, and when this is finished, the work of planting the edgings, marginal lines, and ground-works, of hardy plants, will begin. Nearly all our edgings consists of Herniaria glabra, a plant that needs no clipping, and nothing beyond an occasional pressing down with the hand, and cutting otf encroaching margins when they are likely to spoil the designs in small beds or figures. Rooted pieces are not at all wanted, as the smallest bit of shoot, if made firm in the soil, does just as well as rooted pieces. Hardy Succidoits. — Sedum, glaucum, S. lydium, and S. acre elegans, which are all that we use for bedding, take root in the same way, and rooted plants are used on upright edgings only, so as to get these edgings furnished quickly. Antennaria tomentosa, one of the best of carpet plants, is an exception, and will not do unless rooted pieces are planted. In wet or heavy soils this plant does not thrive, but damps otT when the growth becomes dense; in light soil, on the contrary, damping-oft' never occurs. We use the plant principally for clothing the ground beneath the small shrubs employed in the centre ot small beds, and in these positions it is very satisfatory. When the beds intended to be planted with hardy succulents and carpet plants are dug over, tiie designs should be marked out, the shrubs planted, and the otlier plants put into their properplaces; and then by the time that it is safe to put out the general stock of bedding plants, these hardy kinds will make a show, and tiie garden look furnished at once. We have occasionally allowed Sedums to stand a second year without transplantation, but the plan cannot be recommended, for the reason that owing to their not being disturbed, they flower so per- sistently as to cause the plots to look shabby, from midsummer onwards. j\[y advice, therefore, is to replant every year, and not only the Sedums but all the other hardy groundwork plants. Shrithhen/ borders. — Now that the clumps of bulbs and herbaceous plants — which are sometimes planted near the margins of these— are visible, the borders should be put in order. I may say that I have great objection to digging such borders, because many surface roots are destroyed by the spade or fork, thereby injuring the plants. A better way is to add an inch or two of fresh soil, and by this means the plants are supplied with nutriment, and neatness is secured. The outer margins may of course be dug over, and the vacancies filled up with suitable subjects. Lilies always seem at home in such positions, so do Tritomas, Spir^^as, Foxgloves, and Funkias ; and. amongst smaller plants. Primroses, Snowdrops, Daffodils, and Crocuses. Indoors. — Proceed with the propagation of needful plants. Seeds of all kinds required for the summer garden should now be sown. Prick out plants of which seed was sown a few weeks ago, and pot singly such things as Castor-oils, Fishbone Thistles, Euca- lyptus, variegated Maize, large- foliaged Solanums, and Hemp. Divide, pot, and place in frames where there is slight warmth herbaceous Lobelias, and Cannas. All tuberous Begonias and Dahlias should now be gently started into growth. If cuttings of the latter are required give them strong heat. }V, Wildsmith, Hcckjield Place, Hants. Fruits Under Glass. SEASONAnLE OPERATIONS: PlNE- APVIES. — The autumn started fruiters will now be swelling, and some of them to commence to colour, and they must be artorded air and less moisture than hitherto. Keep the roof-glass as clean as possible, so as to admit all the ligiit possible, as the colour of the fruits will depend very much on attention to this ]ioint, and be very careful with the waterintr, just merely keejiing the soil moist and no more. Those wliicli started to fruit early in the year and should be ripe in May and June, and which will now be just past tlie flowering stage, may now be syringed lightly over on bright days at clo.sing time if all the i)ips are set. The temperature at night may reach 70°, and bottom- heat 00^. Give air in the morning when the tem- perature has risen to 80°, and gradually increase it if the temperature gets warmer until noon, shutting up whilst the sun shines on the house, and letting the temperature rise for a time to between 85° and Oir. It is good practice to have manure-water in the evapor- ating troughs and sprinkled on the paths, a genial atmosphere being maintained without the excessive use of fire-heat. Occasionally use guano or sheep's dung water at the same temperature as that of the house. Provide each plant with two stakes to support the fruit, keeping the top string tied a little higher on the stakes than where it is fixed round the base of the crown. Any succession fruiters should be brought on with a rise in the temperature, and the soil kept rather dry to cause the fruit to throw up. Late fruiters should still be kept cool, moderately moist, and unexcited. Any suckers not potted in February should now be potted, plunging them afterwards in a bottom-heat of 85° ; the night temperature may range from G0°— 65°. Give the pots a watering to settle the soil, and a slight dewing over with the syringe daily when the sun has been very bright. The jdants should be kept close but not very warm for a few days, and when the leaves begin to prick up more air should be afforded so that there shall be no drawing of the leaves. Cucuiuhcrs. — These plants will now require liberal supplies of manure- water in some form, as well as top-dressings of fresh stable-dung and turf in equal proportions, choppfd up roughly. Keep the evaporating troughs filled with weak manure-water, and afford air to the house or pit when the morning temperature has risen to 80°, beginning to lessen the amount of ventilation at noon, syringing, and closing early at ^b° to 00°. Stop and tie in the young shoots, cut off daily a few of the old leaves. The night temperature may range from 68° to 70°. Under this treatment neither red-spider nor thrips will be troublesome, and attacks of mildew need not be feared. Do not crop too heavily. W. Bennett, BaageiHorv, Burton-on- Trent. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Graiting. — Any grafting to be done should now be carried out, beginning with the most forward kinds. For standards, which were headed back at an earlier date, crown grafting is the best, the trees making in three or four years, if properly done, fine bearing hf ads. For dwarfs and pyramids, &c., if the shoots are not thick, tongue or whiji grating is to be preferred, and it is one that is very extensively practised by Kentish growers. In carrying out tiiis mode, and in order to allow for any portion of the stock or branch dying back, which not unfrequently happens, the top of the branches to be grafted should be cut in a sloping direction terminating, if possible, just above a bud, and the scion should be placed on the lower side of the slope. In preparing the scion a slice should be cut off obliquely, and from I to 2 inches in length, using a very keen knife for the work. A thin tongue should be cut in an upward direction, about half an inch from the top of the first cut, and the stock should then be cut in a corresponding manner. Let each cut be made as clean and as evenly as possible on both sides, so that, when placed to- gether, they will coincide. When the stock is much thicker than the scion, and which is a very common condition, the latter may be placed on one side, so that the two barks come in contact with each other, so that an union is effected on one side of the stock. Having placed the two together as accurately as possible bind them moderately tight with some soft tying material. Broad Raffia or soft matting snaked in water answers (his purpose well ; over which ]dace some grafting wax. and encase the whole with properly prepared grafting clay. Crown, or, as some call it, rind grafting is best performed when the sap is sufficiently in motion to allow the bark to part fieely from the wood. The branches — assuming that they were cut back a month since— should, before inserting the grafts, be pared at the edges. Then make a lon<^itudinal cut throujih the bark downwards about ."{ inches in length. Take the graft, wliich nhouUl be from 5 to 7 inches in length, and cut it in an obli([ue direction, the same length as the cut in the stock, pare ofl' the bark on one side of this tongue-shaped cut, raise one side of the bark on the stock and insert the scion, taking care that the pared edge of the scion joins the hark of the stock. One or two scions may be inserted on each stem intended for their reception according to size and thickness. Tie them fast but not too tightly, and cover the cut part and the top well with clay, &c. This method is very suitable for hori- zontal trained Pear trees on walls, placing the scions on the upper side of the branches to allow of their being more readily trained. The varieties to use as grafts depend much on the localities and aspects, and for what purpo.ses they are intended. H. Markham, Mrreii'orth Castle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. Mushroom-beds in thk Open. — In continualiou of my remarks in the issue for March 16 on Mush- room beds in the open air it should be stated that the straw should be replaced to prevent a too rajiid loss of heat and too great dryness. Should heavy rains set in, a covering of mats must be thrown over the ridge. Should, however, the straw get wet it must be replaced by dry. When the materials are being prepared for making up beds of this descrip- tion, some kind of covering should always be em- ployed to prevent rain or snow falling on it, and more straw should be left in the manure than is usually done. A good guide as regards the slate of the material is to take a handful and squeeze it, and if it remain in a lump it is too wet, and if it falls to pieces it is too dry for making up. Tomnfos. — Do not let the plants get pot-bound, it being advisable to repot them as many as three times prior to placing the plants in their fruiting (11 and 12-inch) pots, rather than that a check should occur from there being too little space for the roots. Tie them up to their supports regularly, cut out all lateral growths, and confine the fruit to the stem only. When the fruits are set, thin out all tlie small ones, or where they are too thickly placed, retaining only those which are about of a size, and of good shape. Plants in bearing will require feeding with dung- water and Thomson's Vine manure at alternate waterings, but guarding against strong doses of either, or disease may set in. Pick the fruit when it is a little short of being quite ripe, when they have to be sent to a long distance, but for home use they may be quite ripe, the flavour being then best. French Beans may now be sown in 9-inch pots, care being taken not to water the soil much at this season ; advancing crops sticked and earthed up, giving no manure-water before the pods are set, and syringe the plants twice a day in bright weather, for red-spider is a great scourge to them, and syringing will help to keep away these insects. A sowing may now be made in a warm pit or hotbed, and failing these a quantity may be placed on strips of turf, as was recommended for Peas and Beans previously, keeping them in a Peach-house or similarly warm house until they are of suHicient size and strength to be turned out into a cold pit, where protection at night can be given. The same means may be adopted when Beans are planted out under protectors on a sheltered and warm border outside. Toraatos for planting out-of-doors should be sown without delay ; also Radishes, Lettuces, Little Pixie Cabbages, and round Spinach, about once a fortnight. It is better to sow often and plant frequently than to run the risk of a number of plants bolting. A pi^ce of ground should be got in readiness for sowing a few weeks hence the main crops of Winter Greens — the 27th of this month for the Midlands and the North, and the second week in April for the Southern Counties. The ground should have a liberal dressing of soot and charred soil — the former as a preventive of disease, and the latter for the production of abundance of fibry roots. All arrears must now be brought forward as fast as possible. tV/n. M. Baillie, Luton Hoc. 368 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. IMaech 23, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire cohwin. SUBSCBIBEBS TO fTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* icho e.vperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to comtnunicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with coniplaiiit). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENERS' CHRONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAMS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is "GARDCHRON, LONDON." APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY THURSDAy, TUESDAY. SHOWS. Mar, 27— Glasgow and West of Scotland, Mar, 28— Paisley (two days). Fruit, Commit- WEDNESDAY, Mak, 27 . M E ETI NG3'. i Roval Horticultural Society Mar, 26 .J Floral, and Scientific C { tees. SALES. Hardy Plants and Bulbs, at Pro- 1 tlieroe & Morris' Rooms, Mm 9t y Named Carniitions, Picotees, Roses, lUAK. ^o <, ^^^ ^j. ^,jg Q.^^ Auction Room?, I :j8 and 39, Gracechurch Street, ' E.C., by Protheroe &. Morris. AIar 5(1 5 Special Sale of Flowering Oichids, ( at Protlieroe & Morris' Rooms. /Lilies, Hardy Eulb>^, Greei:Iiouse \ Pliiut-*, &L-.. at Protheroe & Morrii' Rooms. Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, and Biilbs, at Steveaa" Rooms. THURSDAY, FRIDAY, /Nu \ I Nursery Stock and Greenhouse Plants from Siiraple, at Protheroe Mar. 28 ■; & Morris' Rooms. j Imported and Established Orchids, S at Steveus' Rooms. ATift 9qJ Imported and E^tiblished Orchids, niiK. _t.-^ ^^ Protheroe & Morris' Rooma. CORRECTED A^^RAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING "WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 44°.4. Gardeners have only relatively C^'cnmTanc's. ^'"^^^^^ opportunities of control- ling the circumstances and con- ditions under which plants grow. If they can regulate the amount of heat or moisture they cannot simultaneously adjust the light or the ventilation, and so they are at the mercy of cir- cumstances. Their skill is therefore shown in the manner in which they contrive to make their plants adapt themselves to these circumstances. Slavish imitation of natural surroundings must always result in failure, because impossibilities are thus attempted. The botanist in the laboratory has often much better means of accomplishing his ends; he can, to some extent, isolate his plant and make it grow under what conditions he pleases, but the results, though more or less satisfactory from a scientific point of view, are rarely such as would commend themselves to the gardener. The laboratory proceedings, there- fore, exact and definite as they may be, are no more to be imitated by the cultivator without modification than are the natural conditions. Are the teachings of Nature, then, to be disre- garded ? — are the lessons of the laboratory to be ignored by the practical man ? Assuredly not. The best type of practical man is he who, having made himself acquainted with facts and the general principles deduced from them, profits by his experience and exercises his judg- ment in applying the knowledge he has gained to his every day work. Take the question of manures as an illustration : the gardener or farmer who purchases and applies artificial manures with- out knowing, beforehand, something definite as to their composition and the results he is likely to obtain from their use is likely to purchase his manure very dearly. He will probably apply to the soil matters of which it already contains sulHcient; matters which will throw the plant into flower when he wants foliage or rice versa. The waste in the use of these manures arising from defec- tive knowledge must in the aggregate be enor- mous, and says little for the perspicacity of the practical men. Some experiments lately made by M. JuMELLE in the laboratory of tlie Sor- bonne are worthy of attention from this point of view. The object of the experiment was to ascertain the effect of mineral substances on the structure of plants. For this purpose a number of Lupins were grown in distilled water, and a corresponding series in water to which various salts in duly regulated proportion, were added. At first little difference was observable but after the production of the fifth or sixth leaf, marked differences became observable. The plants grown in water became lanky and drawn, the leaves small and deep green, while those in the solution had short-jointed .stems and relatively large leaves of a yellow colour. Microscopical examination of the two sets of plants revealed corresponding differences in structure. The plants grown in the solution developed the succulent cellular tissue to a greater extent, and the woody fibrous portions to a less degree, than in the case of the plants grown in water. Analogous differences were found in the structure of the leaves of the two sets of plants. The changes that occurred in the plant when subjected to the action of the solu- tion were similar to those which have been noted as the results of growing plants with defective illumination. When dried, it was found that the plants grown in the saline solution contained more water than the correspond- ing plants grown without mineral matters. This larger proportion of water is due to the attraction for water which the salts exercise. The absence of salts, therefore, concludes M. Ju.MELLF,, notably modifies the structure of the plant, but these modifications are due less to the deficiency of the salts themseh'es than to the relatively smaller quantity of " water of consti- tution" which the plants so grown contain. If this were the only result of the application of such fertilisers, it is obvious that the mere in- crease in the amount of water in the plant would be rather a costly one. Another interesting series of experiments is that devised by M. Gaston Bonnieii, who has been culti\'ating various plants, some on the slopes of Mont Blanc, above the I'ierre Pointue, at an elevation of 2300 metres, and others in the valley of Chamonix, not only of the same species, but offsets from the same plants. The principal differences observable are, that at the higlier elevation the stems are bent down to the surface, or quite prostrate, and much shorter than at the lower level, so that the leaves are more tufted and less exposed to the effects of radiation or wind. The leaves and flowers are also much smaller at the higher elevation, but the colora- tion of the flowers is deeper. Some of the plants during the last summer did not flower at the higher elevation. Among the most curious illustrations of the effects of diverse circum- stances may be mentioned the Jerusalem Arti- choke, which at the higher station was repre- sented by tufts of small leaves resting on the ground and entirely destitute of stem or flower; while below plants derived from the same original tubers developed stems 7 feet high. On microscopical examination the palissade tissue of the leaf, or that which is more especially rich in green colouring matter, is found more abundant or better developed in the plants at the higher elevation. This latter appearance is naturally couuected with the amount of work effected by and in the leaves. This was shown by the fol- lowing experiment. Leafy twigs were taken from the same species, gathered at the same hour, at the upper and at the lower stations respectively. Those gathered at the high level were immediately put into a tin box, wrapped in moss and carried down into the valley. A\'hen simultaneously exposed to the same amount of light, the two sets of leaves invariably gave the same result, viz., that for the .same leaf-area the amount of oxygen given off was always greater from the leaves gathered at the upper than from those collected at the lower station. It results, then, according to M. Bonnif.1!, that alpine plants which cannot, during the short summer, develope their leaves and stems to the same degree as plants of the same species at the lower altitude, are, nevertheless, by a pro- cess of compensation, enabled to do more work in the way of forming and storing nutriment in a given time, by reason of the superior organi- sation of their palissade, or special chlorophyll- producing tissue. This of course is just what happens in the case of plants grown in high as contrasted with low latitudes. Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— We are pleased to learn that tlie sum of £i31 Os. Gd. has been paid over to this Fuml, as the result of tfie concert recently held at Edmonton, under the direction of Mr. H. B. May and his brother florists. Dr. Roxburgh.— The East India Company had not long been in occupation of territory before, like prudent merchants, they took stock of their pos- sessions. If they wanted a survey of an unknown tract of country tliey usually employed military engineers for the woik. If they desired to know what the country could produce, either above or below the surface, they souglit for men wliose educa- tion had included certain branches of natural science ; and in this way the Medical Department was often indented upon to furnish a "special duty" man. The need of special advisers was obvious when we are told that certain wiseacres of the Madras settle- ment took it into their heads that they could grow Pepper on the eastern coast, and commenced e.xpe- mental Pepper gardens at .Samulcottafi, in wliat is now the Godavery district. They could not ha\f known the peculiarities of the Pepper-vine, and its love of moisture and sliade, or tliey would never have thought it worth while to attempt raising a Pepper crop in the dry and scorching climate of the Coromandel co.ast. But the errors of judgment into which well meaning oflicers were led by their want of scientific culture had the useful effect of encou- raging the Company to fiud scope for the exercise of scientific tastes and training wlien tliey were found to be possessed by some of its servants, and thus it was tliat KoxntTROH came to be the " fatlier of Indian botany." Procrcdings of the Agri-Horticul- tnral Society of Madras, January, 188'J. National Chrysanthemuivi Society.— The usual meeting of the general committee took jdaco at Anderton's Hotel, Pleet Street, E.C., on the ISth inst., Mr. It. Ballantine in the chair. Previous to their meeting the members of the Floral Committee of the Society Iiad field a meeting and revised tlie rules regulating their procedure. The Hon. Secre- MAticH -iC, 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE. 369 Fib. 68.— pikcs jeffeeyi ; & habdt ciiiFOKUiAU pine, (ssb p. 360.) 370 THE GA RDENEIiS' CHBOKICLE. [March 23. 1889 tary announced that Messrs. J. Jensen & Co. offered £5 in special prizes for Chrysanthemum blooms at the November show. Three new members were elected, incUuling one Fellow ; and the Derby Chry- santhemum and Green Street District Cottage Garden Society were affiliated. The schedules of prizes fcr the September, November, and mid-winter (January) shows, which had been prepared by a sub- committee were then considered and passed. It was arranged that conferences should be held in ron- jnnctinn with the September and January shows; and alro in connection with the provincial show at Hull in November. A suggestion was made that a siipplemput to the Chrysanthemum Catalogue, bringing the record up to date should be prepared, and the matter was referred to the schedule sub- committee. It was resolved that a new design should be obtained for the Society's Certificate of Merit. The matter of the celebration of the centenary of the introduction of the Chrysanthemum was men- tioned, and a sub-committee, consisting of Messrs. llarman Payne, Briscoe Ironside, G. Gordon, L. Castle, R. Dean, J. Laing, and B. Wynne, with power to add to their number, was appointed to prepare a scheme and submit the same to the first meeting of the committee held in the autumn. The lion. Secretary was requested to make arrangements for an annual outing during the summer, and the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman. The interest of the meeting was enhanced by a contribution of cut blooms of Japanese Chry- santhemums from Mr. Kipling, Knebworth Gardens ; and of Primula sinensis, from Mr. R. Owen, Maiden- hea'l. Our Forefathers.— The following items are taken from the Parish Hooks of Holy Cross, West- gate, and St. Peter's, Canterbury, which have lately been investigated and published by Mr. Cowper : — '' 1053. Michael Terry, for a nursery, paid rates at 4//. per acre. Wiixtam Dunn, for an orchard, .V. per acre. RrcHARD J.\rman, for a Cherry-garden 4'^. per acre." " Paid James Mead, for letting goodwife Bessux's blood in ;y'- foot, 0 1 0." '■ 1708. In funeral accounts for Rosemary, Is.; also for Komery (lIospniary\ 4f/." " 1(100. Paid for a Palm tree to set in the church- yard (West^ate), U. (r?." The "Palm tree" was doul>tless a Willow. " At a 'visitation' of St. Peter's (date no'^ given) the expenses included rum punch, brandy punch. Tobacco, Cabbage and Carroots, Colleflowers, and Sallett, and other Eatables, Dressing, and sass." Ghent Chambre SYNDICALE.—At a meeting btdd on March II the following award>^ were made : — First-class Certificates to Lycaste lassoglossa, from Mr. I.(5on Poelman-Maenhout ; to Cypripediura beliatulum var. ]\Iaria?, from Mr. J. Ilye-Leysen; to Clivca (seedling), from Mr. A. Peeters, Brussels; to Clivea (seedling), from Messrs. Ph. Blancquaert & Ch. \'ermeire ; to Calanthe gigantea, from ^Ir. A. Van Geert ; and to Cypripediura villosura auremn var., from Mr. G. Vincke-Dujardin, Bruges. Dr. LtNDBERG. — Students of mosses have much reason to regret the decease of this gentleman, on February 20, in his fifty-third year, after a short illness. Dr. Linduero was Professor of Botany at Helsingfora, and was known in this country as much for the extent of his knowlege as for his kindness in communicating it. Two-shaped Azalea.— A correspondent from Cambridge sends us a head of flowers of Azalea mollis bearing flowers of two descriptions. Some of the flowers are of the usual funnel-shape, about 2 inclies long, and of a fawn colour, the posterior lobe of the corolla somewhat larger than the others, and faintly marked with yellowish-brown spots, with five or six curved stamens of unequal length, but all with the anthers upturned, opening by pores at the top, and a long declined style, upturned at the top, and slightly exceeding the stamens in length. In these flowers the upturned stamens, with their anthers opening at the top by pores, and the similarly upturned style, are so placed as to be in a direct line with the spots on the upper petal, so that an insect visiting the flower, and guided by the spots on the flower, must needs come in contact first with the stigma and then with the anthers ; and as the flowers ripen their stigma before the anthers (pro- togynous), they would deposit upon the stigma the pollen gathered from a flower they had previously visited. Mixed with these flowers, which were quite of the ordinary character, were a number of others with much shorter pedicels, corollas white, or faintly flushed with colour, not exceeding an inch in length, with narrow segments, the posterior one somewhat larger than the others, and showing a trace of colour but destitute of spots. The stamens here are five in number, quite straight and short, the style is ilso straight, and but little exceeds the stamens in length, being, like them, inclosed within the corolla-tube. The ovary and ovules were perfectly developed. These smaller, nearly regular, pelorioid flowers illus- trate a relative arrest of development. Whether that arrest is to be considered as a reversion to an ances- tral condition is hypothetical, but at least it is a plausible conjecture. Howards Patent Combinare Knee Pad. — Mr. Howard. !:_', (iray's Inn Road, 'W.C, has sent us a specimen of a pad composed of indiarubber and thick felt, and bound with leather. From its plia- bility and softness it is a great improvement on the old leather pad. The Botanic Garden, Buitenzorg.— We learn from a statement of M. Treuu in the Coynpics' Rendus that " The Botanic Garden of Buitenzorg, founded at the commencement of this century, is divided into three sections. The Botanic Garden, properly so called, at Buitenzorg, in which 8000 or 9000 species of plants are cultivated ; the Botanic Garden at Tjibodas, situated in one of the most mountainous parts of the district of L^reanges, at an altitude of about 2000 feet; the Experimental Garden at Buitenzorg, in the Tjikenmeuh district, contain- ing plantations of tropical economic plants. In the first section there are, besides the garden-office, a museum, herbarium, large library, chemical labora- tory, a photographic studio, and a laboratory for botanical research. The experimental laboratory was instituted four years ago, for the purpose of enabling botanists coming from Europe to pursue their studies of tropical vegetation. The directors of the Garden desired to render the scientific insti- tution of Buitenzorg as useful for botany as is the zoological department at Naples for zoological purposes. The annual revenue jdaced by the Go- vernment of the Dutch Indies at tlie disposal of the directors is £600, The Botanical Gardens of Buitenzorg have been visited by Dutch, Russian, German, and English naturalists. The Director of the garden considers it both a duty and a pleasure to render as much assistance as possible to foreign botanists who go there for purposes of study. He considers that researches in a well- managed tropical garden will have a most beneficial influence on the investigations being carried on of the vegetation of the extensive French territories in the extreme East." " Villa and Cottage Gardening" (Ai-tx. Sweet, Svo, pp. 2H.'} ; Walter Scott, li4, Warwick Lane),— This is an excellent little book, ostensibly written for amateurs in Scotland and the northern parts of England and Ireland, but much of it is applicable to residents further south than liie Humber. It is evident that the writer is a man who has practised what he teaches, and knows how to handle garden tools and implements with skill and precision ; and he knows, moreover, how to give all the needful directions for doing the work in an amateur's garden in concise language that is alwaj^i to the point, and which is often made more readable by touches of ft dry humour savouring of the land beyond the Tweed. The lists of flmists' flowers, of hardy perennial*, biennials, annuals, house plants, window-boxes, alpines, of Apples, Pears, and other fruits that succeed in the Xorth, are sufficiently full, without loss of variety. The book is provided with a calendar of operations and an index. Cyclamens. — A i-orrespondent sends us a speci- men in which the flower-stalks, instead of proceed- ing directly from the corm, are raised upon an herbaceous stalk. Such caulescent Cyclamens are not u.icommon. The peculiarity was complicated in this case by the congenital union of two stalks and the leafy state of some of the sepals. ROATH Park, Cardiff.— The Corporation of Cardiff recently offered a prize of £7'i for the best design for laying out l.'iO acres of land which the Marquis of Bltk has ]iresented to the town of Cardiff" for a public Park. The Parks Committee has awarded the prize to the plans sent in by Messrs. William Barron & Sox, Landscape Gar- deners, Borrowash, Derby. The site of the proposed park is a valley nearly two miles in length, with a considerable stream running through it, which will be utilised in the formation of a lake of about "0 acres in extent, besides several lakelets and waterfalls. Ample provision has been made fur out- door games, and an open-air swimming-bath and gymnasium are also provided. University Scholarship.— I\Ir. Alfred Ber- nard Badger, li.A., Xew College, r>xford, was yesterday awarded a Piiirdett-Coutts Scholarship, of the value of about £115 per annum, tenable for two years. Mr. BADfiEn was educated at King Edward's High School, Birmingham, and obtained a first-class in the Final School of Natural Science last Trinity Term. The Burdett-Courts Scholarships are given by the Fniversily of (Oxford " for the promotion of the study of Geolrgy and of Natural Science as bear- ing on Geology." Crocuses.— Wl.f re llnse have been planted " wild " in about the grass plots tliey are bursting out in all their beauty. In Kew and Regent's Park they attract much attention, and give a gay and lively grace when all else is quiet. Snowdrops treated in the same way are to be seen in Regent's Park, and they attract by their quiet grace and elegance. Nottinghamshire Horticultural and Botanical Society.— Tiie monthly Exhihition uf the above Society will be held at the Arboretum Rooms, Nottingham, on Wednesday, March 27, at 7 P.M. A paper on the History of " Bramley's Seeding Apple " will be given by Mr. J. Jarmell, Carrington. Those Salesmen again.— We oft« n htar complaints of the uiatket salesmen, and not unfre- quently of the Post Office authorities. A case that has just been brought uuder our notice shows how neither of these classes of individuals can be always held responsible far the disappointments of which growers and would-be vendors complain. Two boxes of Daffodils were sent by Parcels Post to a well-known eaUsman in Covent (iarden. They arrived on the morning of the iJlst, there being no market till the 22nd. Kach box was smashed and reduced to its elements, and each mipht have contained a couple of dozen Daffodils. Now what return could the sender expect from driblets of this kind, packed in thin cardbomd boxes, with the stamjis carefully adjusted on the boxes to rrceive the full force of the oliliteratii.g stamp, and sent a day too soon for the mark) t ? almost as bad as a day too late. Clearly neither the salesmen nor the Postal authorities arc to blame in this case. The sum paid as postage, viz.. Or/., mutt have considerably exceeded the market value of the blooms. Wolverhampton Horticultural Society. — This Society's show and floral J\'(c is fixed to take place in the public park on July 10, 17, nnd IS. March 23, 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE. 371 Notices of Books. The Cruise of the ■' Marchesa to Kams- chatka and new guinea, &c. by f. ii. ii. Guilleniard. Maps and Illustrations. Second edition. (John Murray.) This is a book which we rejoice to see in a new and cheaper edition. It is, indeed, a work which should not only be read by every one interested in travel and natural history, but one which should be placed on one of the most easily reached shelves of the student's library of reference. It contains the record of a crnise to Formosa, the Liu Kiu Islands, Japan, Kamschatka, China, the Sulu Archipelago, North Borneo, the Dutch Indies, and New Guinea, not to mention the well known places ot call on the route. Wallace's Malai/ Arehipelaqo, Burbidge's Gardens of the Sun, and the now very numerous books upon Japan, not forgetting Jliss Bird's inter- esting volume, contain abundance of information for the general reader and the naturalist ; but as to the Liu Kiu Islands and Kamschatka, or even some of the Dutch Malay Islands, the botanist and gar- dener have comparatively little information. These deficiencies are largely supplied in the present volume. Perhaps the most important, certainly the most novel, part of this volume is that devoted to Kamschatka. The general impression, we suspect, would be that this was a dreary, fog-begirt, ice-bound region that the traveller would be glad to quit as soon .as possible. Dr. Guillemard tells quite another tale. He and his companions visited the east coast and made a long excursion from north to south along the Kamschatka river, thus traversing a large extent of the peninsula. The entrancing beauty of the scenery, the exquisite outlines of the numerous snow-capped volcauos, the birds, the fishes, the insects, the plants render the place, it is evident, a veritable paradise for the traveller and the naturalist — a paradise not without drawbacks, it is true, but drawbacks which only serve to accentuate the pleasure and secure its memories the more firmly. The reader can gain some faint impression of what the loveliness of the scene must be by consulting the beautiful woodcuts with which the volume is illustrated, but how is it possible to give an adequate idea of a cluster of mountains whose peaks rise from 8000 to nearly 16,000 feet, in a page 9 by t>i inches ! We will not spoil the reader's pleasure by citing further detail respecting this peninsula. The Sulu Islands south of the Philippines are better known to horticulturists from the researches of Jlr. Burbidge, from whose investigations it appears that the flora is more like that of the Philippines than of Borneo. British North Borneo is one of our most recent acquisitions ; it is a region of Mangrove swamps, and fertile, but insanitary river banks. Higher ground does indeed occur, for, in addition to maritime cliffs, the haunt of the edible swallow, whose nests are an object of earnest quest by the Chinese, the mighty Kina Balu itself, with its glorious pitcher plants, is now British territory. A temperature of 95^ along the river, wi'.,h a saturated atmosphere, must make the slopes of Kina Balu a welcome refuge, and before many years are over we may hear of a sanitarium there and of a " Royal Nepenthes " hotel. From Borneo we are taken to Sumbawa, Celebes, the problematic source of "thy renowned oil. Macassar," and thence to the Spice Islands and Western New Guinea, where birds of paradise formed the chief objects of solicitude on the part of the travellers. Amboina was next visited. In this island is a memento which may justly form an object of interest to all those who appreciate the work of their predecessors, and venerate the memory of a brave and indefatigable worker, for here, " In a garden to the south, fittingly overshadowed by the wealth of tropical verdure, which in his lifetime he loved to describe, stands the tomb of Rumphius." Our author's predilections are evidently in the direction of ornithology, but a well - informed traveller knows how to make his book interesting, not only to students of other departments of natural history, but to the general reader also. When we add that the book is copiously illustrated with excellent woodcuts, and useful maps, we vindicate our assertion that this is one of the best and most important books of travel it has been our good fortune to have to commend to the notice of the reader. INDIA. MADRAS. TiiK I'uKbiuKNTS "EAniv Te.\." at thk Uotanic Gardens. — Read the following account, from the MaiJnis Mail of the 14th inst., of an " early tea," given by His Excellency the Preaident at the Botanic Gardens : — " Early this morning His Excellency Lord Conne- mara, President of the Agri-Horticultural ^Society of Madras, entertained members of the Society and their friends at ' early tea ' at the Botanical Gar- dens. Tlie entertainment was prompted by Ilis Excellency's desire to strengthen the hands of the committee by stimulating the members to take a personal interest in the extensive alterations that are now being carried out with a view to increase the attractiveness and popularity of the gardens. The committee feeling that the rearrangement of the gardens was expedient in the interests of the Society and of the public, requested the Superin- tendent, Mr. J. W. Gleeson, to submit a plan for improvements. The Superintendent promptly com- plied, and his plan was approved and sanctioned by the committee on January 20, on which day active operations commenced. "His Excellency arrived at the chief entrance of the gardens at 7 a.m., and was escorted round those parts of the gardens which have undergone altera- tion. Turning from the broad central path His Excellency proceeded to the large fountain, past the Baobab tree to the pillared water tower, turned to the left, and entering the arcade formed of fifty granite slabs roofed over by the luxuriant climber, Bauhinia diphylla, he reached the lawn to the west of the office, passed down the new curved walk, stopped to notice the beauty of Oreodoxa regia Palm, the common Date Palm, and Sandal- wood, then entered the new walk that goes from end to end of the Cocoa-nut tope, and reaching the collection of conservatory plants at the north-east corner followed the new paths, and expressed warm appreciation of the rearrangement of the many rare and beautiful plants that are dis- played at this point. Then re-entering the broad path he pursued it to the Kigelia pennata opposite the eastern side of the office, and was soon met there by those who had followed him on his tour of inspection." Abridr/cd from Proceedings of the Agri- Horticidturat Sociefi/ of Madras, January, 1889, p. IS. The Alpine Garden. HEPATICAS. In my collection are two single white varieties, both bearing large flowers of fine form and pure white; but one is altogether white, even to the stamens ; the other has these coloured— a kind of pale pinkish-rose. It is not a question of develop- ment, because the flowers open in this way and remain so until they fade. Both are seedling varieties, and perhaps owe their fineness of petal to this fact, though I have been informed that seed- lings, as a rule, show a tendency towards degenera- tion. Among the single blues I observe variations in the form and colour of the flowers, but all are very pretty indeed, and most winsome because they are so early to flower in the open air. The single blue, the single white, and the double red, do well with me planted out under a west wall, where they get plenty of sunshine; and they are frequently top-dressed during the summer, and kept well watered in dry weather. They flower as early in this position as they do in a cold glass-house. B, D, Colonial Notes. THE VICTORIAN WAUATAII (TELOPEA OREADES). This magnificent and comparatively hardy plant is almost confined to Eastern Gippsland, passing — so far as known — only into the most southern part of New South Wales, it having been found by Mr. W. Baeuerlen at an elevation of about ,'1.500 feet at the southern sources of the Shoalhaven River. During a recent tour of some members of the Vic- torian Field Naturalists' Club, undertaken at the suggestion of the writer, Mr. Charles French saw exceptionally fine trees, 00 feet high, with a con- siderable stem diameter. Mr. James Stirling also saw trees in the valley of the Ben River fully 60 feet high. This superb species descends to valleys with Dicksonia Billardieri, Alsophila australis, and Senecio Bedfordi, as does Telopea truncata in Tasmania, from which species it is quite distinct in its always glabrous bracts, and some dif- ferences in the leaves and seeds. T. oreades was discovered in 1860 in the highlands at the sources of the Genoa, where some snow lies during the winter months, th^; elevation being about 4000 feet. What a splendid acquisition this plant would be in mild regions of England for outdoor culture. F. v. M. Tbuk Weddinq Lilv. Mr. Bull, in his catalogue for 188.5, p. 72, denomi- nates Crinura pedunculatum pacificum as the Wed- ding Lily of Lord Howe Island. From conversation with the islanders during their visits to Sydney — which are rare from want of communication — I doubted Mr. Bull's statement. I was fortunate enough through the kindness of W. E. Langley Esq., who was v isiting the island, to obtain specimens of C. p. pacificum and also of an Irid, which has since flowered in my garden. My friend Chas. Moore, of our Botanic Gardens, thus writes me: — " Itisnodoubt MoreaRobinsoniana, which I discovered on Lord Howe Island some years ago. On the island it is known as the Wedding- flower ; why, or wherefore, I know not." I consider it so named for the purity of the white petals, con- joined with the three little golden horseshoe on three of the petals. I am sorry to hear this beautiful plant is now becoming very scarce, i?. B. Ri:ix(1, Coogee, K. S. Wales. [A figure and a full account of this plant were given in our columns, March 23, 187-, by our venerated correspondent Dr. George Bennett of Sydney. Ed]. ' Vegetables. Pabslf.y. — Whilst reading my Gardeners Chronicle this evening the miscellaneousnotes of your able corre spondent, Mr. W. M. Baillie, caught my eye on p. 239, particularly his remarks concerning the difficulty experienced of cultivating Parsley successfully on light soils. On taking charge here in the spring of 1885 I was told by the kitchen gardener that it was no use to sow Parsley, my predecessor having tried it over a period of fourteen or fifteen years. Various plans had been unsuccessful, and they had to depend on a neighbouring garden for a supply. Not liking this to continue, 1 set about me to devise some means to compel success in growing Parsey, and amongst other devices was that of sprinkling gas-lime liberally round some of the vegetable quarters which had been previously dug, digging in the lime, afterwards sowing the seed in drills in the usual way, and where- ever this was done we obtained by the end of June some excellent rows of Parsley, and by following out this practice each year there has never been any failure in the supply either summer or winter. As a precaution, however, against loss in severe winters it is my invariable practice to sow a three-light frame full on a spent dung-bed, using the gas-lime in the soil. 1 may here state that it is both con- venient and safer when t!-e lime is passed througli a quarter-inch meshed sieve before being used, as large 372 THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE. IMabch :i3. 1889. lumps are death to all root that comes in contact with them. It is applied at the rate of about 1 bushel to 100 square yards. Last season I ha4 the curiosity to try sowing a bed in the kitchen garden without applying the lime, and the result was that every root was eaten up by the small worms (wireworma) just as the plants were getting nicely into the rough leaf, and this season we are applying a dressing of gas-lime to each quarter as fast as it is dug, by which means I hops to have more success than hitherto with Carrots and Parsnips, both of which get very much crippled by wireworm. If any of your readers has to deal with a light soil, and has found that Parsley grows with difficulty, if he will give gas-lime a trial in the manner described he will And that good results will follow. I may just mention that I find the plants grow better and stronger if just thinned in the rows in th« ordinary way than when transplanted. B. Ashton, Glossnp Hall. Deax's Sxowball Cauliflower. This is a very useful early variety, and should be given a trial by all desirous of having an early supply. It is beautifully white, firm, and in flavour mild. Owing to its exceptionallv dwarf habit, and the leaves being very small, 1 foot apart in the row gives ample space for it, and if seed be sown now, good heads may be expected by the middle of June, if the weather prove warm. Diver's Pl'rple SpROUxiSf; Bkoccoli. Where these Broccolis are esteemed this variety is much to be recommended for its earliness. 1 have grown it for the last three years by the side of the old varieties, and it is usually fit for use at least three weeks sooner than white-headed Broccolis. It is \evy sturdy, and produces many very fine sprouts, AspARACius Kai.e. For supplying abundance of greens from the beginning of March and onwards, for tenderness when cooked, and for flavour, this variety of Kale surpasses all others with which I am acquaintetl. It is also \evy hardy, and stands the cutting winds, which as a rule do more harm to the Brassica tribe than do sharp frosts. //. Mar/.hn,n.. Foreign Correspondence. ABIES ElCHLEHl. The home of this beautiful Abies is a wild romantic valley near Daba, not far from Borjoni, in the Caucasian mountains. About the year 1870 Director Lauche procured for the first time the fresh seed of this plant, through the instrumentality of a Russian oflicial in Tiflis. The few specimens of this plant that help to ornament the Koyal Gardens in Potsdam are thp fruit of this importation. Last autumn I had the ojjportunity of seeing and admiring some very fine specimens in Fisclibach, iu Silesia, on the charming estate of Marshall v. St. Paul, where they had attained to a ht'ight of 5— tJ metres. This beautiful Abies, in my opinion, equals the Abies nobilis glauca. It was illustrated for tlie first time in Wittmack's Garifin::c it it iiq for 188:3, p. 63. It is distinguishable from A. Nordmanniana by : — 1, the bluish-green colour of its young shoots; 2, by its leaves being somewhat shorter, and more bent upwards ; .'_>, by the lower parts of the haves being of a bright silvery colour; 4, by its small bluish- black cones, those of the Nordmanniana being green, and twice as large as those of the A. Eichleri. A. Nordmanniana displays a dark green colour, but A. Eichleri charms the eye by its bright silvery colour. Many fruitless endeavours were made about the beginning of this decenniura to obtain fresh seed, iu order to introduce this beautiful plant into our country, and to bring it within the reach oi the public. After endless negotiations with the Russian Government, permission was at last obtained for the collection of the seed of the tree on its native soil. The seed arrived safely in a healthy condition, and I am able to supply healthy seedlings. Wilhelm Hans, Herrnkut, Saxony, March, 1889. The SociExr of American Florists. At the annual meeting of the executive committee of the above vSociety at Buffalo, with John R. May, Summit, New Jersey, in the chair, besides the matters usually discussed at such meetings, were some essays which will be read at the next conven- tion by competent gentlemen, The subjects of the papers were: — "Education;" "The Establishment of an Experimental Garden in this Country on the Plan of the one at Chiswick, England ; " " The Rela- tion of the Horticultural Press to the Florist ; "' " Roses ; " " Summer Cut Flowers ; " " What can be Done to render Horticultural Exhibitions more Popular and Profitable ? " " Landscape Gardening." Cultural Memoranda. BALSAMS, If well grown, are splendid summer plants, and the first sowing should be sown towards the end of April, which is quite soon enough to have them in fine condition, as Balsams require plenty of sun and light, and a brisk temperature to keep them growing freely till they come into bloom. The way to have them dwarf and stocky is to keep potting them lower at each shift they receive till the shoots are brought level with the top of the pot, and as the shoots pro- gress, they should either be pegged down or tied out, and the plants will take a pyramidal form. If these are wanted of extra large size, it will be neces- sary to pick off the first flowers that show, and per- haps tlie second, and what came after are generally finer and more fully developed. Balsams 'cannot have too rich a soil, provided the manure given is decayed and mild, in which state they will take nearly equal parts with loam and liquid manure after they have filled their pots with roots, and begin to show bloom. Celosias. As decorative plants for the summer these stand almost unrivalled. It is a matter of importance that a good strain be obtained, as many poor ones are about, and seed should be sown at once thinly in pans, and just covered with soil. Place the pans in brisk moist heat and the plants will soon be up. When large enough to handle they should be potted off* singly into OO's, and placed on a shelf near the glass, in a stove. During May and June, and as long as they are growing, a pit with a bed of ferment- ing materi.al in which to plunge them suits them best, as there they can more easily be kept free from red-spider, and to prevent its attacks the plants should be heavily syringed before closing the pit or frame in the afternoon. Celosias, like Balsams, re- quire rich soil, and plenty of liquid-manure, but they do not need much pot-room, pots of from G to 8 inch being quite large enough for them to bloom in. Mdiulus. These plants seed freely, and have been greatly improved of late years, and the fine flowers with their wonderful markings one sometimes sees, create quite a suprise. For baskets or pots in shaded windows, greenhouses, or conservatories, these Mimulus are unrivalled, and being such moisture-loving subjects they must be supplied with abundance of water. The seed is very small, and the best way is to sow it on the surface of a pot of finely sifted soil that has been watered, and gently press into it or strew a little silver sand over it, and afterwards sprinkle slightly, without a cover with a sheet of glass. The seeds will soon germi- nate and the plants will make rapid growth in a warm house or pit, if frequently sprinkled and kept damp at the roots. Petunias. It is not many years since that the first double variety made its appearance, but now they are quite commonly grown, and come fairly true from seed saved from single flowers furnished by pollen from the doubles. The single, too, of some of the best strains are yery effective, the ground colour and markings of the flowers being often very fine. To have good plants seed should be sown at once in ])repared pans or pots of fine light soil made smooth and firm. After watering the pots and allowing the surface to get dry, the new seed should be scattered thinly and just covered, and if stood in a moist, gentle hotbed the plants will soon appear, and when large enough to handle they should be potted singly, to grow on in a warm house or pit till the end of May, after which they best plunged out in the open, unless they can be kept cool and have plenty of light under glass. To have them bushy they need frequent stopping, and neat stakes should be used for the support of the branches, and to train the plants into good specimens. ScnizANTUtrs. Too much can hardly be said in praise of this beautiful annual, the flowers of which resemble butterflies in shape and exquisite markings. By sowing at once flowering plants may soon be grown if the seedlings are brought on in a warm house on a shelf near the glass. The finest show is made by by having three plants in a 6 or 7-inch pot. To have Schizanthus in flower early in the spring seed should be sowa towards the end of August, and the plants wintered on a shelf in the greenhouse. J. S. The Apiary. ♦ — — Bees are at last flying pretty freely. On March I') I saw some of them brineinc in pollen. I fear, however, that the mortality has been great. I know cases where bees seemed to be very well up to the end of February, but the snow and the frost of the first week in March caused them to succumb. Towards the end of this month, if the bees are fl}ing every day (or most days), syrup may be given if required. Do not grudge the trouble, as it will repay you. Care must now be taken to prevent robbing. If you see bees flying about aimlessly round a hive, you may know that the occupants of it are dead, and those flying about are seeking their property. Therefore contract the entrances at once, whether robbing is going on or not. No time ought to be lost now in preparing for the summer. At the very best the honey season cannot last many weeks, and the only way to secure a good harvest is (1), to see that the bees are brought up to their full strength by the time honey is ready for collection ; and (2), to see that bees are not waiting for goods to arrive from dealers, but get them in now, or much honey may be lost. It appears that Minorcan queen bees will arrive pretty plentifully this season. I hope they will answer expectations. Doubtless much good has resulted from judicious crossing, but I think there is a limit. After a great deal of patient investigation, I .come to two conclusions. The first is, that our English bee is undoubtedly a good one, if well treated; and the second is tliat the Carniolian^bee is at any rate the next best, and for docility and good temper is unapproached. lice. Scotland. NORTH OF SCOTLAND ROOT, VEGETABLE, AND FRUIT ASSOCIATION. The prize schedule for the show proposed to be lield under the nuspices of this Association at Inverurie, N.B., in November next, has already been printed. Additions have been made to the prize money, and even at this early period there are signs of an unusual amount of preparation and enthusiasm, wliich augur well for the success of the ne.\t meeting. The catiilof;:'.!, contains three more classes than last Makcii ir,. issn.] THE OAlibENEES' CHRONICLE. 373 year, and .iltn^otiier, judging from the catalogue, tlie show of 18S"J inomises, with a favourable season, to he one of the best of recent years. In the section for garden produce some splendid prizes are oflered. Among those from a distance otlering prizes are Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Keading. The Secretary, Mr. William JIaitland, is working hard to make the show a success, and it is to be hoped his efl'orts will be crowned with success. Thk Ccltiv.vtios' of Tobacco in AsEnDEENSHiRK. Among the experiments conducted during the past year by Mr. Thomas Jaraieson, Lecturer on Agri- culture in Aberdeen University, on the experimental farm at Glasterberry, Cults, by Aberdeen, has been that of Tobacco culture. From the results of the experiments it has been proved that the soil of Aberdeenshire \vill produce Tobacco of a quality which when manufactured meets with the apprecia- tion of smokers. From the results obtained Pro- fessor Jamieson concludes that Tobacco might be easily grown, ripened, and cured in this country, and that with the skill that comes by experience, even the finer varieties might be successfully made. Plants were grown upon an experimental plot, and on a larger scale in the field ; they were late in being planted, yet the produce is described as being heavy, and though not thoroughly matured, it wa=! manu- factured into three forms of tobacco and "smoked with appreciation." The trouble entailed to the grower and the Inland Revenue officers, however, by the frequent inspection of the crop, has led to the abandonment of the experiments. W. K. THE "STANDARD" FLOWER- POT. (Tigs. 60, 70.) TuE above name has been given to the latest American novelty in the way of flower-pots. The advantages claimed for them are that they are stronger, less liable to be broken in carriage, and that they are easier to stack away. The rim, which is characteristic of the kind of pot, is furnished to all sizes from the thumb upwards, and is made pro- portionate to the size of the pot ; the concave bottom is also an advantage, by allowing the moisture to more readily reach the outlet. The form of pot has been adopted by the Society of American Florists; it is now in common use. The Whilldin Pottery Company, Philadelphia, are the manufacturers. Home Correspondence. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTI- TUTION.— Please permit me to echo Mr. Wild- smith's remarks (p. 308) as to the desirability of all who are interested in horticulture doing whatever they can towards raising the necessary money so as to enable the committee to place the late unsuc- cessful candidates on the pension list of the Institu- tion. My reasons for calling attention to this matter are mainly as follows: — In the first place I think it the duty of all who are able to do so to help those who, from causes beyond their control, require assistance: secondly, as Mr. Wildsmith says, if more gardeners became subscribers they would as a body wield more influence at the elections. For instance, they could give their votes to those candi- dates who, having been subscribers, have not been so suflriciently long to enable them to be put on with- out an election. I find from private correspondence there are com plaints as to some of the candidates at the late election being placed on the pension list who had never subscribed a penny, whereas others who had sub- scribed for several years were not elected. Personally, I am acquainted with one of the unsuccessful candi- dates who had subscribed several years and who, when he began to do so, little thought that he would ever require its assistance ; yet he had to stand on one side for some who had never subscribed at all. I have for some time had an idea that the committee should have power to allot a certain number of votes to each bona fide subscriber according to the number of years he has subscribed — these votes to be added to the ones he gets at the election. I am of course alluding to those candidates who have not subscribed the requisite time to enable them to be put on with- out an election. I also venture to suggest that more gardener subscribers should be placed on the committee by choosing one or more from each county according to the number of subscribers in it. Kven if they were not able to attend the meetings very often they would form the nucleus of a local committee in future, and would, in the meantime, often be able to give useful suggestions in writing. I-'IG. 69.— NKW FORM OF FLOWKR-eoi'. They would also indirectly benefit the Institution by creating more local interest on its behalf. In support of this I think I may fairly quote the local secretaries of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, "which most of your readers who are interested in that Fund will agree with me in saying, have had much to do with its success. In conclusion allow me to quote the following pithy remark from a noted trade cata- 70.— XEW FOIt.M OF FLOWER-POT, .STACKED O.NE WITHIN THi: OTHER. logue, viz., " Many can help one, but seldom can one help many." H. J. Clayton, Gri>mfon, Tadcaster. FRUIT CULTURE 168 YEARS AGO.— The Paradise stock was not used for grafting upon in this country in 1721, and there is no doubt that it first appeared here with Continental varieties of Apples grafted on it about the time 3'our correspondent " R. I>.'" mentioned in the Gardeners' Chronicle, February 9. I have before me a volume, entitled " T/ie Whole Art of Hushandry, by J. Mortimer, F.R.S., printed by Robinson & Mortlock, at the Golden Lion, and at the Phoenix in St. Paul's Churchyard, 1721." I do not know if it is a rare book. The writer seems to have had a good knowledge of gardening as it was then carried on, and had numerous correspondents, and was well versed m contemporary writings of the period. He does not mention the Paradise stock, which he probably would have done if it had been employed in Kngland in his time ; he gives several kernel or seedling stocks, such as the Peach-stoni's, Phim-stones, Cherry-stones, ^c, but recommends the tiuince for Pears, and for the Apple Crab stocks, and one called Gannet-moyle, or Cydodine stocks. As to the knowledge displayed in fruit culture in the good old times, 1 fancy some of the practice of 17-1 would make our present day fruit-growers rub their hands and smile, especially those amongst us who are troubled with hares and rabbits gnawing the bark off their trees. As at p. 'ISb in his book he describes how Apple growers in Nortlianiptonshire managed their trees in hia time, he says, " Old trees that grow mossy the owner at the beginning of April disbarks the trees from near the bottom almost up to the part of the tree where the head divides into branches, and these trees bear every year afterwards, not one of them missing. And one in Essex told me of a Pear tree which he barked, and it occasioned it to bear every 3'ear, though it never bore before." At p. 278 he states that "many trees run altogether to wood, and neldom bear fruit. To remedy this incon- venience some propose hacking of the bark, others propose to bore a hole through the body of the tree, others cleaving the roots, and some drive stones or wedges into their trees, but the best way is to prune off some of the branches in summer, when the sap is in them, which is the best way to abate their luxuriancy." In his book he describes over seventy- five varieties of Apples. Many of the Apples appear to be of quite as good a quality as those grown in England at the present day, except that they were rather small. He describes some ninety- five varieties of Pears, some of them of excellent quality, as the Bergamots. Some of the Perry Pears were very small, as at p. 296 he says, " A poor man in Hertfordshire brought me 4 bushels of Pears which were very small hardly so big as the smallest Crabs." Yet apart from those out-of-date practices the book contains a great deal of information, and some curious contrivances s-nd suggestions for improving plants, flowers and fruits. His directions for Grape growing in the open air are really good, and altogether show that there was some active minds in the horti- cultural world nearly 200 years ago. A. Fecney, THE COLTSFOOT. — Quite three weeks ago, on February 27, our foreman brought into our otlice a beautiful specimen of the Coltsfoot, with two flower- heads fully developed, which he had found in one of our gardens. This beats your London record on p. 33S— at least for this^eason. Dobbie tf- Co., Uothcsay, Scotland. [Another correspondent writing from Brympton sa3's that he picked some blooms of Coltsfoot in the last week of January and sent them with other flowers to St. James's Palace, London. Ed.] VIOLET CULTURE. — In accordance with the expressed wish of " T. C. H .," in his note on the above (p. 30J). that some of your readers having experience in the use of artificial manures in the cultivation of Violets should supply a few hints on the subject, I relate the following method, which is our usual mode of growing these favourite flowers. First of all, I maybe allowed to state that all crops here aie grown with the aid of artificial manures, and the soil (herein so-called for convenience) is slaty stones varying in size between the extremes. Having selected a brake or brakes (for Violets are largely grown here) on which Cauliflowers or other well- treated gross-feeding crop had grown, we commence preparing for the Violets as soon as the plot is cleared, by bastard-trenching it as early as possible, leaving it rough until late in s])ring, when a heavy dressing of Beeson's manure is given, and with fork thoroughly mixed with the surface soil and left to pulverise until May, when it is levelled and slightly trodden, and is then ready for the plants. Young single crowns are selected, and planted a foot or so each way, a thorough soaking of clear water being then given to the whole, and if material is available we mulch heavily with decayed leaves, almost bury- ing the crowns in so doing. Little further atten- tion is given them until they commence growing freely, when occasional dressings of Beeson's alter- nately with soot or similar manure is applied, and, if the weather and soil ^e dry, watered in. We also find a good syringing on dry evenings up to about the end of August is most beneficial. In October we 374 THE GARDENERS' GRRONlCLE. [iifAHCH 23, 1889. remove them to their winter quarters, viz., sunk con- crete pits facing south, giving them light soil again, highly impregnated with our panacea (Beeson's), which suits Violets admirably— as, indeed, some other crops. With such treatment we have splendid clumps o( clean prominent crowns, buds and flowers, and are seldom without the latter throughout the year. We have cut down our varieties to four — ' Marie Louise, Comte de Brazza, Victoria, and odora- tissima (single), the two former vastly outnumbering the two latter. Victoiia, being comparatively new, is suffering at our hands from over-propagating, but have hopes it will prove a boon companion to the others. Odoratissima is grown chiefly for its foliage for bunching the other blooms. J, B. I did not notice the remarks of " T. C. H." concerning Violets until it was too late to reply in the Gardeners' Chrvnide of last week. I do not know the variety he refers to. I have a few plants of a dark Neapolitan, not so deep a colour as Marie Louise, which seems to be quite as hardy as the light blue variety, I shall be veiy glad to accept some plants from your corre- spondent, and will give them a fair trial alongside of my own. For a number of years I grew nothing in frames except the old Neapolitan ; a few years ago I added Marie Louise and Comte de Brazza (white), and I intend this season to give a trial to two or three others. Having an abundant supply of farm- yard and stable manure, I do not use any artificial manure whatever, and it has never entered my mind to do so; but, on reflection, I think some readily soluble chemical fertilisers would be an advantage, especially in such an unfavourable summer as that of last year. I was tempted by the only fine weather we had in September to allow my plants to remain out a fortnight longer than usual, thinking that they would grow to a larger size, when suddenly frost and snow came upon us, and I was fairly caught— a warning for the future. Comte de Brazza suffered most, Hiarie Louise next, while the old Neapolitan was but little injured. If your correspondent would kindly send me some plants, it will be quite soon enough for me to get them the first week in May. I hear a deal about the De Parnie variety, said to be largely grown in France, but any I have Iiad sent to me (blooms) from that country are just the old Neapolitan. [It is like, but darker. Ed.] I have always considered perfume the leading feature of a culti- vated Violet, but colour seems to have great weight with others. Be that as it may, I would give one point to colour and three to perfume. J. Heath, S(Je/ewic/i, KemhiJ, HYBRID SAXIFRAGES.— In the notice of Mr. Baker's lecture on Saxifrages (p. 336) I read with some surprise that hybrids in the genus are rare. Perhaps the statement refers only to wild hybrids, or perhaps Saxifrages of the longifolia class are exceptions. I am under the impression, however, that some Saxifrages, for instance, S. longifolia and S. aizoon, cross and produce intermediate forms very readily. I have noticed these two species where they grow intermixed on the perpendicular rocks along the " Koute thermale " in the Vale of Gavar- nie in the Pyrenees, and in several places have found what I believed to be hybrids between them ; in fact, whenever S. longifolia was growing in com- ]iound rosettes, of smaller size than the ordinary type, I suspected a mixed origin. I brought many of these supposed crosses home with me, and believe they are growing still on my rockeries, but, unfor- tunately, I cannot identify them. Besides these wild forms, I sow seed saved in my garden from the best types of S. longifolia every year. The plants from which the seed is saved gi-ow mixed up with such kindred species as S. Hostii, S. lantos- cana, &c., and the progeny vary in such a way that I am in the habit of considering the parentage doubt- ful, though I have never tested them by any definite botanical characters. It is sometimes stated in nursery catalogues that the true S. longifolia never pioduces a multiplied or compound rosette, though I cannot find this mentioned as an essential character of the species on good botanical authority. Those which form a single rosette generally flower in cul- tivation in the fifth year from seed, after which they die. If the centre of the rosette is cut out in the third or fourth year, small and imperfect rosettes grow out of the axils of the leaves, but are not per- sistent, and I never succeeded by this operation in producing lateral rosettes in a plant of confirmed single liabit. C. Wolley J)od. STREPTOSOLEN JAMESONI.— This Very striking plant has been in flower with me more or less since ChristmaR. It is of simple culture, and cuttings of it root with freedom during the spring in warmth, and in a cool frame in the autumn. It delights in abundant moisture at tlie root when growing, and is much benefited by liquid manure ; in point of water- ing this is not likely to be overdone in summertime. Tile same kind of soil that will grow a Fuclisia will suit this plant, and a warm greenhouse is the best place in which to flower it. Its flowering is not confined to the winter season, for I have had it ia bloom from July to September, at whicli season the reddish-orange colour of the flowers is more intense and attractive than in the winter time. J. THE WHITE ARUM.— I notice that some cultivators find fault with or quite condemn the planting out of Arums in summer time, and tliat some of those who do so dry their plants od* instead. Surely the drying of Arum roots is against the nature of the plant altogether, it being almost an aquatic, and therefore it cannot well have too much water at the roots during its season of growth. Tliat Arums are cultivated well in pots I admit, but to do so they require more attention than when turned out in the garden, as when there, a soaking of water lasts some longtime, but wiien in pots, watering has to be often rejieated. Notwithstanding, much may be done to save some of this labour by plunging the pots in the soil or in coal-ashes and mulching them, but as the feeding area of the roots is circumscribed, they soon absorb all the available moisture. Those who object to planting out Arums say that the roots are injured by taking them up, but that matters but little, as the plants have then completed their season's growth, and are only biding their time to come forth into flower, which they must do when warmth is applied, and other conditions are favouraljle. The way that I manage them is to stand tliem away in some deep pit or spare place under glass when they go out of bloom, and about the end of May, the roots are divided by pullling them apart. The strongest crowns are at once put into a trench, mauured, and' got ready as for Celery, except that it is not so deep when finished, the plants stand about IS inches apart, and are mulched with short littei-y manure, and a heavy watering is given them and repeated whenever it ai^pears to be necessary. My mode of potting, &c., in early autumn does not diti'er in any essentials from that pursued by other growers. J. S. - - I, like Mr. Coomber, prefer the method of planting out Calla a;thiopica in the summer time to keeping the roots in the pots all ttie year round. The plants are grown here in pots of various sizes, the smallest being (5 inches, these contain single crowns, which are more useful for decorating an apartment than plants in larger pots would be. These small crowns are furnished with three and fourspathes each, and, being in small pots, room can be readily found for a good number even in a limited space. My method of dealing with them in pots of various sizes is as fol- lows : — The plants in small potsare planted out entire, and without removing any side growths, these throw up additional shoots towards the end of the summer, and at lifting time, which is towards the end of Septemljer, in southern Hampshire, they are potted in 10 and 1 1 incli pots. The plants in these pots are at the end of May or the first week in ,lune divided and planted as single crowns, which, on being lifted, fill our 6 and 7-inch pots. Three parts loam to one of partly decayed stable manure, witli a small quantity of dissolved bones, are the materials employed in which to pot the jilants, and a good space at the top of the ball is allowed for water. After being jjotted the plants are stood in a pit and kept close for a few days, shaded from bright sun, and syringed daily for a week or so, air is then given the plants more and more fieely, and they are finally removed thence to a cool vinery or greenhouse to bloom. The plants commence to throw up spathes towards the end of October, continuing to do so until the end of May. When the pots have become full of roots tepid liquid manure is frequently aii|died, and at other times water — lack of moisture is very injurious. Our roots are planted on a west border, where the soil is of a retentive nature, and it is manured and dug, and left in a rough state in the autumn, more manure being added at planting time. In dry weather copious su])plies of water are given the plants. A'. SPENT HOPS. — In answer to your correspondent in issue of March 2, as to what use spent Hops could be put and also the manner of using the same I would state that having used a great quantity I have found them answer best for both zonal and show Pelargoniums which take very kindly to them used in the soil in place of leaf-mould and they are benefited in foliage and flower ; many kinds of Ferns do well with spent Hops mixed with the soil used in potting, more especially Adiantums, including A. Farleyense, and I have never seen the young fronds attain such rich colouring from the use of anything else. I use it in the proportion of two of good loam to one of spent Hops with a good addition of sharp sand. Lomaiias and Pterisea do equally well with Adiantums. For Cucumbers it is likewise applicable, using in the ratio of one-third Hops to two of loam. 1 have had some 500 to (300 yards of frames under my hands in a season, but I have never found any- thing better in restoring the declining vigour of an old bed than a top-dressing of spent Hops direct from the brewery laid on about an inch thick. In a week from the time of putting on the dressing it would be a mass of roots; and when this stage was reached a sprinkling of loam with an occasional dusting of some fertiliser would carry them on for another two or three months. G, B. Basieit. SEA-SAND. — I see in your replies to correspondents that sea-sand may be used for most things, and as I use a large quantity of it my experience of the substance may be of use to your readers. For pro- pagating all kinds of soft-wooded plants I prefer sea-sand, as the cuttings root more vigorously than in silver-sand. Of Bouvardias and Tree Carnations just struck scarcely a cutting failed to grow ; Crotons, Drac;cna8, and such like plants do equally well in it. and in potting soils I use it in rather large pro- portions—for Hyacinths, Tulips, &c., one-third sand ; for Gladiolus also, which I place upon a good handful of the sand. Cucumbers grow in it, and a layer 3 inches thick placed over an Asparagus bed after raking over in the spring for a splendid top- dressing. Half a peck of soot to one barrowful of se.a-sand, well mixed and spread over the ground intended for Carrots 3 inches thick, and forked in, is the best dressing for that crop which I can use. Azaleas, Eiicas, and the finer rooting jdants from New Helland, do not like sea-sand. The sand found on the be.ach hereabouts is mostly from mountain limestone and water-stone which is shaly. It may interest some readers to know how expensive silver- sand is here. I have just received twenty bags, or li tons 2 cwt., at a total cost of £4 VJs. ! inches iu circumference, and 1 foot 10 iuches in diameter. To such an extent was the roadway covered with dihris that the maiket carts were greatly impeded Oaks, Willows, and I'oplars also suffered ; but Ashes and Scotch Firs escaped Several jihotographs and broken branches wei"e sent as illustrations of the way in which the damage was effected, for Mr. I'lowright noticed that fracture without falling was a distinct feature of rime-injuries to trees, excepting to Willows and Poplars, the vast majority of whose branches fell to thp ground. It was a remarkble sight, for Makch 23, 1889.] THE GAB DENE US' CtinoNlGLE. 375 example, to observe the broken but slill jiemleiit branches ot" the Oaks upon the Ilillington Koail, hanging on them for some weeks afttrwards and all on the south side. Mr. \V. G. ^mith recorded and figured in the Ganhning World for March L'O, 1S86 tp. 4.'t7^ a very similar occurrence at Dunstable, due un that occasion to frost, fog, and wind, combined. The ice from sheets as thin as ])aper, about "i inches wide, and attached to the leeward sides of the boughs, but at intervals only to tlie wood; thus forming a series of arches. He attributed this fact to the warmer tempeiature of the living shoots which melted the ice throughout the greater part. These blades of ice were about 1* feet long. Any little extra wind caused a stir among the branches like the sound of breaking glass. For several days previously the trost had been very severe, the hills at the same time being continuously hilden by wet fog, which was driven gently along by a biting wind from the north-east. liarlt-y Sinuf. — A communication was recieved from Mr. Plowright with specimens of Ustilago segetum, showing, in accordance with M. Jensen's opinion, two forms or species — one, the commoner, U. nuda, so called because the sj>ores are almost naked ; the other, U. tecta, because the spores are enclosed in a membranous capsule. They form, moreover, much more compact masses, and resist the disintegrating inHuences of the weather for a much longer period than do the spores of U. nuda. M. Jensen has also arrived at the conclusion, on biolo- gical grounds, that the smuts of Wheat, of Barley, and of Uats are distinct species, and incapable of infecting other than their proper host plant. Brefeld concluded that the spores of U. segetum formed yeast colonies in sterilised farmyard manure, and concluded that cereals became infected by farmyard manure. Mr. Plowright was unable to confirm this view. Teiiiperatures in the Engatlin. — A communication was received, through Professor M. Foster, from Mr. Worsley, recording temperatures iu and below the snow. He observes that "the main point seems to be that whereas the surface of the snow varies with the air, the temperature about 1 foot down is pretty constant at about y° C, and that the surface of the ground beneath 3 feet of snow, although frozen per- fectly hard, remains about 3^^ C, I think it seema pretty clear that plants beneath snow have not to stand more than a cold of 4° C. at the outside, if they are not more than 2 or 3 inches high.*' While thus corroborating the well known fact that the tem- perature is always higher on the surface of the ground under snow than on the surface of the snow ; since the earth temperatures are higher than air temperatures in winter; it was thought that the number of observations taken were insufficient for deducing any further conclusions. Gahnfki/s Elwcsi, Diseased. — Professor Marshall "Ward reported upon the specimens forwarded by Mr. Barr to the last meeting. It appears that the fungus infesting the plants was a different species from the " Lily disease, " and proved to be a form of Sclero- tinia (Peziza), of w-hich the parasitic state was the so-called " Botrytis " stage. Professor Ward has succeeded in infecting the common Snowdrop. Lib/ "■Botrytis," Culture of , — Professor Ward ex- hibited specimens of his culture of this fungus. They were obtained from single spores, one in each of thirty flasks. The spore had produced a large quantity of mycelium until the nutrient fluid was nearly exhausted, when an immense quantity of black sclerotia was formed. Ahics hradeita Cone. — Dr. Masters exhibited a cone of this tree from a tree grown under the care of Mr. Coleman, of Eastnor, Castle Gardens. It is remarkable for the long linear bracts accompanying the scales. Questions were raised as to the use of them, and how they could assist in the dispersion of the seeds. The cone when ripe is said to fall to pieces, S/ciid/uia Japoniva. — Dr. Masters has reinvestigated this plant, and finds that it is not known in Japan, but is really of Chinese origin. Mr. Fortune first brought it from the latter country. The true S. japonica as is the plant known in gardens under various names, oblata-fragrantissima, &c. Witlov:, Creeping. — Dr. Masters exhibited a long, whipcord-like, creeping stem of some species of Willow (probably fuaca or repens), taken from the smd hills of Southport, by Rev. C. W. Dod. It ex- tended over 12 feet in length. Crocus with " Ephoneral Boots.'' — Dr. F. W. Oliver exhibited some Crocus corms with tuberous roots. In this case the small corms, developed at the top of the old one, are provided with thick, fleshy, spindle or conical-shaped roots, in direct prolongation of the axis of the young conn. They act as reservoirs of nutriment, in addition to the young corm itself. As tliey serve a temporary purpose only Mr. G. Maw gave them tlie almve name. Dr. Masters observed that they are ipiite dillerent from the so-called "droppers'' connnon in Tulips, &c., which consist of a bent leaf-scale with an attached bulbil. Croton-wood, iSccnfrd. —^tlr. llenslow exhibited a block of this wood called "Aladagascar Sandal- wood," uhich Mr. Morris said had lately been inves- tigated at Kew, and found to be referable to some species of Croton. It is very highly perfumed. Hibiscus {Abisliiwschi(^) I'ticidentu-ii " Cojfec." — He also showed specimens of seeds, natural and roasted as well as ground, which had been sent to Mr. Christy as a sample of the " coffee " made from it by the natives ot Guatemala, hence called " Indian Coffee." '* Katila" Guhl — He exhibited specimens received from ]\lr. Christy of a new gum, somewhat like gum Ti'agacanth, but less " flaky ; " the pieces were in curious snake-like rolls, and hollow tubes, and ball- like pieces. It swells up into a mucilage with water, like Tragacanth. It was received from tlie central provincs of India, as Jubbulpore, ice. Sir J. D. Hooker thought it might possibly be the gum'of Coch- lospermum gossypiuni, ol which he says, "The bark abounds in a transparent gum, of which the white ants seem fond, for they had killed many trees." {Him. Joura., i,, 53). Drury, Useful Plants of India, describes the gum of this tree "as a substitute for Tragacanth in the North-west Provinces. This gummy substance exudes from every part of the tree if broken." He gives the native name as Cuteera, of which perhaps katila is a mispronunciation ; but Drury also mentions Sterculia trees as yielding from the bark a gum resembling Tragacanth. This is known in Bengalee as /i-«r(m— which would seem to be a nearer approximation to Jcafila. Lari,v $ibirica,Gu ai-resi n {?). — Mr. Christy also sent a large lump of reddish-brown gum, received through the Botanic Gardens, St. Petersbug. It is used as a " chew-gum " by the inhabitants of Siberia, but nothing at present is known of its qualities. ROYAL BOTANIC. March 20. — At this, the first spring show of the Society, the exhibits were numerous and pleasingly varied. Azaleas were shown well by the amateurs, where Mr. II. Eason, gr. to B. Noakes, Esq., Hope Cottage, Highgate, led with neat, well-flowered specimens of Koi d'Hollande, Model, ane Jean Vervaine. ^Ir. J. Clement, gr. to L. H. Hicks, Esq., Springfield House, Muswell Hill, was a fair 2nd with smaller plants. Mr. Henry James, Castle Nursery, Norwood, was the only exhibitor in the nurserymen's class, and was placed 2nd. Cyclamens in the competing division were best from Mr. D. Phillips, Langley Broom, Slough, who took the leading prizes for them with really very fine plants, with numerous large flowers ; Mr. Odell, Gould's Green, Hillingdon, being a good 2nd in the open class. Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearries Gardens, llford, was a successful exhibitor of the bulbous plants ; with Mr. Eason he divided the honours in the amateur division for Hyacinths and Tulips, — Mr. Eason leading for Tulips ; and the order was reversed for Hyacinths —each having brightly coloured samples of general favourite varieties, which made a gay display ; the Tulips being on the whole the better. Mr. Douglas was to the fore with twelve pots of Crocuses, having a magnificently flowered lot, with a good 2nd in Mr. R. Scott, gr. to Miss Foster, The Holme, Kegent's Park, W. For twelve Amaryllis, Mr. Douglas again led with very fine plants, bearing richly coloured flowers ; the best were— Dr. Masters, ( ireat Gearies, and Emperor, which is a vigorous variety rich carmine with white nerves. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, were 2nd, having a conspicuous plant in Dark Beauty, very dark red with a green centre. The same firm led for a collection of bulbous plants, with Iris reticulata, Chionodoxa sardensis, Bulbocodium vernum, &c. In the classes for Tulips, Lily of the Valley, Hyacinths, and Narcissus, either open or nursery- men's, Messrs. H. Williams & Sons, Fortis Green, Finchley, were 1st, showing fine lots of Narcissi and Tulips. Mr. Douglas followed closely for Narcissi, with a well grown lot. Hardy Primulas from Mr. J. Douglas gained him another 1st place. Besides P. rosea, P. viscosa, P. cashmiriana, &c., he had a new Auricula named Marcus Aurelius, which is a deep claret self, with a good paste. Chinese Primulas were shown by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, who took 1st ; and Messrs. H. Williams I's: Son, wlio were 2nd, both having large heavily fiowercd plants. Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Totten- ham, had 1st foi' a collection of hardy herbaceous plants, which consisted of Narcissi, Lilium longi- florum, Primroses, Dielytra spectabilis, Jlyosotis dissitittora, &c , a large specimen of Narcissus maxi- mus being conspicuous. Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, with an interesting collection of Saxi- fragas, &c., were 2nd. Forced Koses from Messrs. I'aul & Son were excellent, and included some well known favourites, and the Mignonette, Paquerette Koses, too; also Paul's Single White and berberidifollallardii. Besides showing these in competition JMessrs. Paul had a nice group for exhibition (Large Bron/.e Medal). Deutzias were best from Mr. Eason, with Mr, Douglas as a good 2nd. Miscellaneous. — ^Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, Herts, showed a number of Orchids, in which were Cymbidium Lowianum, Neottia coral- lina, Cattleya Trianai splendens, and C. T. ampliata, which is pale rose all over, with a yellow throat ; and Odontoglossum Edwardii (Silver Medal). Jlessrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Koyal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W., had a group of Amaryllis and other plants. The best Amaryllis, viz., Optima, Lustrous, and Mirabella are referred to on p. 361. Other plants were: — Amorphophallus Uivierii, Nepenthes Dicksoniniana, Boronia heterophylla, Uhododendron Princess Beatrice, a warm greenhouse hybrid, with salmon-yellow flowers, the lobes expanding and reflexed ; and Dendrobium Schneiderianum, petals and sepals white, with rose tips ; lip projecting, white, with rose tip and a large yellow blotch with brown lines at the throat. Messrs. Barr & Sou received a Large Bronze Medal for a group of Narcissi, Hepaticas, Crocuses, &c., in which C. vernus leucorhyncus, blue, with a white tip, was prom'nent. Mr. Ware had a Bronze Medal for a large collec- tion of cut Daffodils, &c. Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross. Herts, were awarded a Large Bronze Medal for twelve boxes of cut Camellia blooms in variety. Bionze Medals were given to the St. George's Nursery Co., Hanwell, W. ; to Mr. J. Odell, Hilling- don, for collections of Cyclamen. Mr. Odell had a Cyclamen named striatum, which is red, with a broad band of white or rosy-white right up the centre). To Mr. Scott for a group of Cliveas and hardy Azaleas ; to Messrs. J. Carter & Co. for Chinese Primulas. Mr. T. Jannock, Dersingham, Norfolk, arranged in a tasteful manner pyramids of Lily of the Valley, for which a Large Bronze Medal was awarded. He also had Adiantum c. v. grande, dwarf, with large cuneate pinnai, undulate at the edge ; a similar award being given to Mr, J. James Woodside, Farn- ham Royal, Slough, for Cinerarias, the best of which were : — Advance, purplish-magenta, very large and broad rays with a white zone and purple disc ; Wonder, purple, large white zone and purple disc, medium size; Sybil, clear blue, white zone, blue disc, medium size. He also had Cyclamen Faust, very rich, and bright red. Messrs. H. Williams & Son sent a large col- lection of bulbous plants, in which Hyacinths were very fair (Silver Medal) ; and Messrs. Cutbush & Son, a group of Hyacinths and Tulips, arranged in a bauk of moss (Small Silver Medal). A varied col- lection was shown by Mr. B. S. Williams, Paradise and Victoria Nurseries, Upper HoUoway. Cliveas were very fine, and Amaryllis and Primulas were also well shown (Large Silver Medalj. C'KRririCATES AWARDKD. Floricultural, To Cinerarias Advance, Wonder, and Sybil, from Mr. J. James. To Cyclamen Faust, from Mr. J. James. To Nepenthes DicksonianaX, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. To Amaryllises Lustrous, Mirabelle, and Optima, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. To Rhododendron Princess Beatrice, from Messrs, J. Veitch & Sons. To Auricula M:ircus Aurelius, from Mr. J. Douglas. To Iris Rosenbachian«, from Messrs. Ban & Son and Mr, Ware. 37G 2':SE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 23, 1889. To Crocus (vernus) leucorhyncus, from Messrs. Barr & Son. To Amarvllis Dark Beauty, from Messrs. Paul & Son. To Cyclamen striatum, from Mr. J. Odell. Botanical. To Adiautum Capillus-A'eneris var. grandis, from Mr. T. Jannoch. To Dendrobiura Schneiderianum, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Son. To Calanthe vestita oculata gigantea. from Messrs. J Veitch & Son. To Cattleya Triann; ampliata, from Messrs. F. Sander & Co. To AngrKCum Sauderianum, from Mr. .J. Douglas. The Weather. [By the term " accunmlated temperature" ia meant a figure represeuting the aggregate amount, as ^Yell as the dura- tion, of the exce33 or defect of temperature above or below ■12'' Fahr, for the period named ; and this combined result i3 explained iu Diy-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degro'.'d for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Tem •EHATUHE. Rainfall. Bright Su*. ^u> » d f T? a 3,.r. 4.-S o s s T'i -■ 3 a) 3"", 5 •2 a IB a a a «> 00 W ^ ^ i! 4 II 9. (3' ►5 a 1 -1 1 r 1 6 r 0 ^ Day- Des- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. des. deg. 1 deg. Inch. 1 1 + 8 23 — 29;+ 62 6 — 59 11.7 9 18 2 4 + 26 IS — 32 + 47 2 — 46 4.1 12 23 3 a + 28 17 - 57 + 62 3- 39 3.6 24 22 4 1 — 17 35 — 103 + 161 3 - 88 3.2 16 21 6 2 + 33 16 — 93!+ 114 4 - 35 4.8 26 20 6!l- 22 21 — W+ 118 3- 37 4.3 21 19 7 -1 r 2li 4 - 2241+ 19 6- 48 9.2 19 23 8 1 + 20 8 — 61+ 35 4 — 41 4.8 16 21 9 1 + 30 10 — 90+ 102 6- 40 8.1 22 2i Ifl 4 + .30 0 - 22+ 6 4 — 65 7.0 9 19 11 4 + 37 0 — 30 + 21 4 — 47 7.9 20 27 IJ 0 av. 27 6 -43- i 5 — 49 6.1 40 31 The districts indicated by number iu the lir^t cohimn are the foUowJDg : — Principal Wlieat-prodacing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland. E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5. Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Pruicipal Grazing, tVt;., Districts — 7, Scotland, W.; 8, England, N.W.; 9, England, S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following aummary record of the weather for the week ending March IS, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The 7i)cather has been very cloudy or dull in nearly all parts of the kingdom. Slight falls of rain have occurred in the west and north, but in most of the English districts the condition has been dry. " The temperature has continued rather below the mean in 'England, E.,' and 'England, S.," and has about equalled the normal in the ' Channel Islands,' but in all other districts it has been above ; in Ire- land and the east and west of Scotland an excess of 4° is shown. The highest of the maxima were generally recorded on the 13th, when they ranged from 53° to 50° over Great liritain, and 57° to 59° in Ireland. The lowest of the minima, which were registered on the 16th over our south-eastern counties and on various dates elsewhere, ranged from 24° in 'England, S.,' to 35'-^ in 'Scotland, W.,' and 'Ire- land, N.' A thermometer exp )sed on the grass at Ingatestone fell to 10*^ during the earlv morning of the 16th. "The rainfall has bepn less than the mean in all districts ; over England llie fall has been very slight. " Briijht sunshine has been much less prevalent than it was last week, the percentage of the pos- sible amount of duration having ranged from 9 to 19 in Scotland, from 9 to 20 in Ireland, and from 10 to 26 in England. In the ' Channel Islands,' however, the percentage was 40." ARKETS. COVENT GARDEN, March 21, [We canuot accept any editorial responsibility for the suhjoined reports, -which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that tliese quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply iu the market, and they fluctuate, not ouly from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Market quiet ; no alteration. Wholesale Apple Market, James Webber, Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- Q-rapea, per lb. .,. 1 t3- 4 6 s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-applea,Eng.,lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, eanh 2 0-80 Strawberries, per lb. 8 0-12 0 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices, s. d. s. d. Asparagus, English, per 100 12 0- ... — French. bundle21 0- ... Beans.Jersey French, per lb 3 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 t>- ... ~ ■ • ' ,0 3- ... ,16-20 , 1 0- ... .3 0-... , 1 0- ... 3. d.s. d. Cauliflowers, each .. Celery, per bundle ,. Cucumbers, each ., Endive, per dozen .. Green Mint, bunch.. Herbs, per bunch ... 0 6- . Leeks, per bunch ... 0 4- , Lettuce, pfr dozen... 1 6- . Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- . POTATOS.— Beauty of Hebron, 70s. to 100s. ; Imperatorg, 75s. ; Maguum Bonums, 130s. ; and Dunbar Regents, 120s. per ton. Plants i» Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. ■.d. s.d. I s.d.s.d. Mustard and Cress, punnet Onions, per bunch .., Parsley, per lb. Peas, French, per lb, Potatos, per cwt. ... — kidney, percwt. 4 0- — new French, lb. 0 6- Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- Seakale, punnet ... 2 6- Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- Spinach, per bushel... 5 0- Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- 0 4- ... 0 5- ... 1 0- ... 1 0- ... 4 0-50 0 Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, do;en ...24 Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz.l2 Erica, various, doz. 12 Buonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Ferna, in var., doz. 4 Cur Flowers.— s. Abutillons, 12 bun.... 3 Anemone, Fr.,12bun. 2 ArumLilie9.12bloom9 3 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Camellias, white, 12 blooms 2 — red, 12 blooms... 0 Carnations, 12 blma. 2 Daffodil9,dbl.l2bun. 4 — single, 12 bun.... (} — French, 12 buu. 2 Eucharis, per dozen '.i Gardenias. 12 blooms li Heliotropes, 12 apr. 0 Lilac, white Fr., bun. 4 — lilac- coloured, p. bunch ... ... 3 Lily-of-Val.. 12 spr. 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-18 0 0-15 0 0-42 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Ficus elastica. each .16-70 Genista, dozen ... 8 0-12 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Lily-of-Val., doz. pts.lO 0-18 0 Marguerites, doz, ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 9 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Solanums, dozen ... 6 0-12 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0- 9 0 Average Wholesale Prices, s. Narcis., paper-white, (French), 12 bun... 2 — double. 12 bun... 1 Pelargoniums, 12 »pr, 1 d. s.d. u- ti II ()- « 0 II- « (1 6- 1 0 9- 1 0 0- 4 0 «- 2 11 0- a 0 II- !l 0 (1- la 0 R- 4 (1 0- K 0 0- 15 0 1 «- 1 0 0- 6 0 0- 5 0 li- 1 0 0- n 0 0- 4 0 scarlet, 12 spr, Primro^Ms, 12 buu..., Primula.-*, dbl., V^ ap. Roses, Tea, per doz. — coloured, dozen, — red, per dozen ,. — Safrano, dozen.. — do., (Fr.). doz... Snowdrops, 12 ban.. Tuberoses. 13 blma... Tulips, 12 blooms .. Violets, 12 bunches.. — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme. Fr., bun. 2 Wallflowers, 12 bun, 4 — French, 12 bun. 1 d. s. d. 0-6 0 6-3 0 0-16 6-0 9 0- 1 6 0- 1 6 0-6 0 0- 4 C 0-9 0 0-4 0 0- 3 n 0- 3 0 0 4 0 8- 1 0 0- 1 6 0 2 0 6- 3 (i 0-6 0 0-2 0 SEEDS. London: Manh 20, — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, K.C, report more doing. The Canadian Clover seed, previously noted as exceedingly good and cheap, meets with increasing favour ; white unchanged. Trefoil steady and scarce. Kye-grass is slow ; Alsike from Ontario, bcdng now exceedingly moderate in price, and of choice quality, is inquired for. Winter Tares are cheaper, foreign spring firm. Peas improving ; bird seeds continue temptingly low ; Haricots still neglected; Linseed hardening. COBN. Averages. — Olhcial statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending March 16:— Whtat, oih. 2d.; Barley, 255. 10(/. ; Oats, 175. 2(K For the corresponding week in 1888 :— Wheat, SOs. 6d. ; Barley, 305. 3d. ; Oats, 155. 8d. FBUIX AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields, March liO. — Savoys, 05. to (i^-. per tally ; Cauliflowers, Sd. to Is. 4rf. per dozen ; Turnip- tops, Is. \}d. to 25. 6d. per sack ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is, yri. to '2s. do; Brussels Sprouts, Is. Sd.tols.Gd. per half-sieve : Spinach, I5. ijd. to 2s. per bushel ; Parsnips, Qd. to Is. per score ; Beetroots, Od. to Is, per dozen ; Seakale, Is. Sc^to Is. ijd. per punnet ; Greens, 25. to 3s. ijd. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 25. do.; Carrots, Is. ^M. to 2s Gd. do.; Radishes, -id. to Od. do. ; Parsley, 4s. 6(?.to os. Gd. do. ; Rhubarb (forced), Is. 9^, to25. 3c?. per dozen bundles; do. (natural), 2s, to Ss. do. ; Celery, 12s. to 14s. do. ; English Apples, 3s. Gd. to 7s. per bushel ; do., Is. Gd, to 3s. per half-bushel ; American do., Os. to 15s. per barrel ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. 'Sd. per bundle ; English Onions, Gs. to 75. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 5s. Gd. to 75. per case; Bordeaux do., 45. 6f^. to 5s. do,; Dutch do., 2s. 6c/. to 3s. dd. per bag; Belgian do., 3s. to 45. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen; Carrots, 205. to 26s. per ton ; Mangels, 16s. Gd. to li)5. do. Stratford : March 19 — Supply has been good during the past week, and with a fair attendnace of buyers a brisk trade was done at the following prices: — Cabbages, 25. to 3s. per tally; Savoys, 25. to 3s. do. ; Turnips, 25s. to 35s. per ton ; Carrots, household, 24s. to 32s. do. ; do., cattle feeding, ISs. to I85. do. ; Parsnips, 40s, to dos. do. ; Mangels, 12s. to 17s. do. ; Swedes, lis. to 16s. do. ; Onions, English, 120s. to 140s. do. ; do., Dutch, 3s. Gd. to 4s. Gd. per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 4s. to 5s. per case ; Apples, English, 3s. Gd. to 65. Gd, per bushel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 25. per dozen bundles ; Carrots, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Celery, Gd. to Is, per roll ; Radishes, Gd. to 9d. per dozen bunches; Cress, 2s. per dozen baskets. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : March 19. — A good demand prevails for best qualities, but the trade continues very dull for inferior, Scotch Regents, 805, to 1205.; English, Q5s. to 100s.; Ilebrons, O'Os. to lOOs, ; Magnum Bonums, Gos. to lOOs. ; Dunbar, lOOs. to 120s.; other varieties, 60s, to SOs, per ton. Spitalfields: March 20. — Quotations : — Cham- pions, 55s. to 65s. ; Imi)erators, G5s. to SOs. ; Regents, 70s. to 110s, ; Hebrons, 6O5. to 70s. ; Magnums, 505. to SOs. ; Scotch do., 705. to 100s. per ton. Stratford : March 19. — Quotations : — Scotch Regents, SOs. to 105s, ; do.. Magnums, 70s, to 110s. ; English Magnums, 60s. to 80s, ; do. Regents, 65s. to 80s. per ton. HAY. Averages, — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the principal metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, old prime, 126i. to 1445. ; do., best second, SOs. to 1205. ; do., inferior, 365, to 7O5. ; prime old Hay, lOSs. to 126s.; new, 90s. to 1055. ; inferior, SOs. to 70s. ; old straw, 42s. to 48s. : new, 24s. to 40s per load. Notices to Correspondents. • * Intellioknt Readers, do please Note that letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Pudlisuer, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor, Sucli communications should be written on one side onhj of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. A NonLE Sluo : C. X. A huely marked form of Limax maximus. How magnanimous you are to send it with its dinner. How diH'erent from the cruelty practised by another correspondent, who sent his enemy alive with a pin stuck through it I Ants in Plant-tuh : L. 1). There will be no harm done to the Lemon tree by your sprinkling quite f March 23, 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' CEBONICLE. 2,77 a small quantity of carbolic acid in the inlet to the ants' nest. The same substance placed on a piece of paper on the soil, and encircling the stem of the tree, would prevent the ants climbing into the head. Beds of Shrubs in Flower PARTEBaB : B. C. What is planted should be slow-growing.or naturally dwarf in mature age. Small specimens of gold, silver, and green Hollies ; Retinosporas in variety ; green and variegated Box ; Irish Yews ; Japanese Euonymus in green and variegated leaved varieties ; Skimraia japonica, and Eurya latifolia. These plants should be put at a distance apart sutKciently wide that the contour of each plant is well within view from any point; and they look best when tall and short are intermingled, still with a certain gradation being observed from the middle of the group to the outside. Transplanting is necessary in good soil every fourth year, generally speaking. Another method : — Plant with Berberis in variety, which may include B. aquifolium, B. dulcis (B. buxifolia), B. stenophylla, B. aristata ; B. nepalensis will do out in Ireland, and should be included. On the outside of the beds dwarf growers like B. Darwini, B. empetrifolia, and B. nervosa might be planted. Pyrus japonica makes a showy mass, and when clipped with the shears when the plants have reached the desired height it flowers very profusely. Tall species of Heath are effective when planted in masses, but these plants grow very slowly. If an evergreen plant is wanted, which may be clipped, and thus kept at any desired height, the Phillyreas are very suit- able— better, in fact, than Yew, the foliage being shining and pleasing, instead of sombre, and thp plant grows as slowly as the Yew. Garrya elliptica would do, as would small and large leaved Myrtles, and Fuchsia Riccartoni. Books ; A'. J'. Messrs. Carter & Co., seed merchants. High Holborn, London, publish a cheap cultural work called The Fractical Gardener. CCCLOOYNE CRISTATA WITH FoRTY FlOWER-SPIKES : G. M. A very fine plant indeed ; but we dpcline, with thanks, your proposal that it should be figured in our columns. It is a pleasure for us to know that you have been a subscriber to the Gardeners' Chronicle for so long a time ; nevertheless that fact does not constrain us to figure the plant, although it shows that information and profit have been derived by you from our pages. Grafting Wax, to Use Warm : T. T. A tin pot with a night-light underneath to keep the wax warm and plastic when being used, is first wanted. The wax is made as follows : — First melt together resin, 2 lb. 12 oz. ; Burgundy pitch, 1 lb. 11 oz. ; at the same time melt suet, 9 oz. Pour the suet, when melted, into the first mixture, stirring it well while doing so, then add 18 oz. red-ochre, dropping it in gradually. It may be put on to the grafts with a piece of rag or a brush. Grape Dtke of Buccleuch : A. E. G. Under its title the variety has been mentioned since the year 1S7S in our pages, as follows : — Vol. x., 1878, pp. 89, 154, 280, 314, 346, and 399; vol. xvii., 1882, p. 149 ; vol. ii.. 3rd series. 1887, in " Grapes at Clovenfords," p. 377 ; vol. iii., 3rd series, 1888, p. 807 ; and in many other volumes under a variety of headings. The Grape, a Sweetwater, has a white round berry, and it is well suited for early use. " Illustrationes Florj; Atlantica:" G. M. We believe the publisher is M. Gustav Masson, but no publisher's name appears on the cover. Marechal Niel Rose. — The "cancerous" growth is partly due to nnsuitability of stock and scion, resulting in a tumour or overgrowth, which has been injured by frost, and perhaps by fungus. Names of Plants : C. B. 1, Polypodium vulgare ; 2, Pimelea decussata ; 3, Sedum cameum variega- tum ; 4, Henfreya scandens ; 5, Begonia Ingrami ; 6, Eupatorium riparium. — P. D. You must send good specimens when in flower ; 5 and 6, Panicum variegatum and its variety zebrina. — 0. Cain. Bryophyllumcalycinum. — C.C. Lockhartialunifera (S. America). Grow in the Cattleya-house in a small basket, or, if strong, in a pot. — F. BenTutt. 1, Cymbidium chloranthum ; 2, Cissus discolor. Narcissus tbiant)rus : C. W. D. A Puccinia, most most probably P.liliacearnm. Please send further specimens later on. The sulphate of copper in this case is, we fear, useless. Orchid Spot : N. B. It is the work of a fungus, for which we can at present not name any remedy. Palm Leaf Diseased : .V. Probably the immature state of some fungus. Paradise Apple : C. B. G. In ISM the naturalist Tragus asserted on the authority of the Latin poets (although what they could have known of the matter is not clear) that the Apple which Adam and Eve ate with so much gusto was this variety, which was afterwards called the Paradise Apple. We decline to be responsible for the correctness of these statements. Stepii.\notis flokibunda BorniiT at a Sale: W, W. If the soil was mucli disturbed, repot the plant, removing all loose and impoverished soil, replacing it with sandy peat, loam, and leaf-mould ; and let the drainage be good, but not excessive. Cut back the longer branches somewhat, and place the plant in a warm house, where the temperature at night is about 65°, coiling the shoots for the pre- sent round a few stakes. Shade slightly from the sun when it is very bright, and syringe the plant two or three times a day. Water thoroughly after the repotting, and be careful not to over-water afterwards. If bottom-beat of 80'^ — 85° can be afforded it, the plant can hardly fail to recover from its removal. Strawherry Plants : Gardener. The soil appears to be suitable, but the plants show indications of their roots having been in contact with deleterious substances. It may be the soot, which was used too liberally in the soil, or in the water supplied to them. If the soil be from a pasture, and the top spit, it is not likely to contain, as you suppose, an injurious quantity of iron in its composition. Summer Shading. — Mr. Masterson, Weston House Gardens, Shipston-on-Stour, writes to recommend the use of a particular shading, easily applied, and as easily removed, but as his communication is of the nature of an advertisement, we cannot say more about it in this place. The Orange Tree : R. E. Thomas. First intro- duced at Beddington, in Surrey, by the Carew family before 1595. The Orange came here from Italy— probably. Vines : W. Walker, There are several points in your management of the Vines that would account for your failure. Does it not occur to you that a dressing of cow-dung 6 inches thick, laid all over the border, is rattier too much ot a good thing? No plant has roots which could manipulate such a quantity of crude stuff, and there is no garden plant that needs it. The hotbed 18 inches thick, which overlies the border which is outside, may have been too warm for the roots ; and then to give front ventilation as well as top is a dangerous proceeding for Vines in bloom in March. The roots are probably in a bad state, but you can hardly do anything with them till the autumn. The aerial roots on the canes are a proof that the moisture in the house is in excess of the needs of the Vines. We think you cannot do better than call in some good gardener and ask for his advice in the matter. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Farm Seeds. John Perkins & Son, 62, Market Square, North- ampton— Agricultural Seeds. John Jardine, Jitn., 4, Gilmour Street, Kilmarnock — Florists' Flowers and Bedding Plants. Charles Sharps & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire — Farm Seeds and Com. Communications Received.— T. W. G.— F. .T. H.— T. S.— H. M. T.— R. D. F., Sydney (received).— C. Woolford. —W. T. T. D.— Dr. Beck, Vienna.— W. T. Tarvit.— J. B.— J. T.— W. G. S.— Baron von Mueller, Melbourne.— J. M.— Epping Forest.— Vivrand Morel, Lyon.— S. A. B.— Protheroe &. Morris.— C. N.— F. R., Peodell Court (with maiy thanks). —J. R.— H. M. W".— T. W. G. (in progress).- C. W. D.— G. & P. B.— N. B.— G. M.— Uxbridge.— W. H.— E. M.— W. B.— A. D.— H. M. W.— J. J. W.— J.— W. H.. Herrnhut. J. R.— Editor of Horticultural Times. Enquiries. " ffe that qitestionetk much shall learn mucA."— Baoon. Old Orange Trees. — Will any of our corre- spondents furnish the following information? — Where is the oldest Orange tree to be found, and what is its age? What 'is the age of the Orange trees at Hampton Court Palace ? PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizca, great qiiniititiefl. and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGUORN. Nuraeryninn, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C. Gladioli, Dahlias, Begonias, and MlsceUaneouB Hardy Plants (or Spring: Planting. ANT. ROOZEN AND SONS' Sppoial Spring CATALOGltE ot the nbove tor 18Sil. containing all the nPW Varieties, is DOW ready, and will, as usual, be sent post- tree, on application to themselves or their Af^ents, Messrs. MERTENS &C0.,:(, CrossLane, St. Mary-atHill. London. E.G. Cheap Bedding Plants.— Special Offer. WILLIAM BAUMAN offers as under, from stor« pot'«, all welt rooted, nnd (it for pn^sent potting. The present is a ^^ood time for niiiking up losses sustained during the winter :- VERBENAS, Purple, White. Scarlet, Crimson. Rose, 6s. per 100 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per IdO. LOBELIA. Bluestone, puniila magnifica, Brighton Blue, 35. per 100. CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem, 6s. per 100; Camden Hero, floa dark, 10s. per 100. HELtOTROPE. .Taun d'Amonr, Miss Nightingale, 6.s. per 100. AGERATUM. Imperial Dwarf, blue. .=.s. per 100. COLEUS VERSCIIAFFELTI. bedding crimson, 8^. per 100. IRESINE LINDENII, dark crimson, good bedd.-r. 8s-. per 100. PELARGONIUM, Vesnvius. finest bedding .scarlet. 8s. per 100; MasterChristine, Mrs. Levers, .Teuny Dodds. beatpinks. 12«. per 100 ; Henri Jacoby. be^t crimson. 12s. per 100 ; Madame Vaucher, Niphetos. white, 12.?. per 100 ; Queen of the Belgians, finest white, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100 ; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, .Tean Sisley, White Vesuvius, John Gibbons. 12.s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED. M;iy Queen (Turner's), Princess Alex- andra, Flower of Spring. Little Trot, Prince Silverwings. Lady Plymouth. 12s. per 100. GOLDLEAF. Crystal Palace Gem. Happy Thought, 13s. per 100. BRONZE, McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, best bedders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR. Mrs. Pollock, l.'is. per 100; Sophia Dumaresque, Lady Ciillum, Sir R. Napier, 18,t. per 100. DOUBLES, F.V.Riispail.finestscarlet; Madame Thibaut, pink; Madame Baltet, Le Cygoe, white, 12s. per 100. TR0P.T:0LUM. Vesuvius, Coccinea elegans, lO.s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in 12 good named varieties, 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUMS. Show and Decorative, from single pots, 3s. ])er dozen, 20s. per 100. Note. — Not fewer than twenty-five of any one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nurseries. Gravesend, S.E. SPECIAL OFFER to the TRADE.— SEED PEAS, consisting of Little Gem, Triumph, Yorkshire Hero, and Ne Plus Ultra, all good stocks, and carefully hand- picked. SEED POTATOS— Sutton's Early Ashleaf and Early Regent, Snowdrop, Queen of the Valley. Beauty of Hebron, Adirondack. Imperator. and The Doctor. For samples and prices, apply to GEORGE ELSOM. Seed Grower. Spalding. Lincolnshire. To the Trade. SELECT LIST of i'erennials, Biennials, and Choice Florist's Flowers, just published ; and also AGRICULTURAL SEED CATALOGUE, which may be had free on application to WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand. W.C. SHIRLEY POPPY. NEW and very lovely ; invaluable for Table Decoration. No garden should be without this charming flower. Sow at once. Is. per packet. THOS. BDTCHJR, Seed Merchant. CROYDON. Tr 1 pnOCQ ( A grand stock, in .5-in. pots, 12s. & IBs. doz. I LA nUOu0 1 A grand stock, in 7-in. pot^, 24s. & 30s. doz. C Black Hamburgh and other varietiea. PDADE UIUCQ J ^"''*'''''^°''^™'''''?'°p°'°' "*"•*''• *'"^'' UnArn ff I nLOj Suitable for planting vineries, 6s. and (. 7s. 6rf. each. Fr n U Q y A fine stock, in 5-inch pots, 12s. per dozen. L n n 0 't A fine stock, in small pots, 4s. per dozen. Catalogues on application. THE LIVERPOOL H0BTICX7LTTIB.AL COMPANY (JOHN Cowan), LIMITES, THE VTNEYARD AND NURSERIES. GARSTON, NEAR LIVERPOOL. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. AI?o collections of same in 12, 18. and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application. WATKINS AlfD SIxMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street. Strand. London. W C. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OTTTDOOB WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greeiihouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Ulzture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonoua Paitita for inside of Conservatories, &o. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Fost>fre«. tA BELLE BAUVAOB YAilD, LUSQATB HILL. B.a BACHELOR'S WALK, D1TBLIN.— Discount for Cash. 378 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 23, 1889. SANKEY & SON'S WORLD Confine themselves " solely " to the manufacture of " GAR- DEN POTS." {{(eftatdmn/ie^f^^ mt/3 FAMED proper materials to he mixed with the clay in order to produce a " Garden Pot " In which aU plant life will flourish. This is acknowledged by the trade; and the result is that their " Garden Pots " are SmSBr:' used by all successful growers from Aberdeen ;irAPE,^ to Penzance, also in the Channel Isles, _ B EST CDtoi Ireland, New Zealand. &c. Sire'^-'^^il No Waiting. MUllons In Stock. lOfegsa:^-^— . Press Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. Through the study of half a century, they have ac- quired the 'dtn secret of the ^^BSSKMglstSrraZt " A marvellous contrast (o the ordinary Garden Pot in strength, lightness, brilliant colour, and finish." — Glenny's Annual. " The testimonials underrate their excellency ; they are the lightest (yet strong, porous, and well burnt) pots we have ever seen.'' — Northern Gardener, "Scientific process of manufacture — fireing perfect. Market Pots capital; favour close packing, utmost economy in apace under glass. — Gardeners' Magazine, " Excellent Garden Pots. Show careful making and burning, with the employment of first-rate materials."— Carrfcners Clironicle, " We cannot but speak in the highest terms of them. The Pots have a firm metallic ring, are elegant and light, &c." — Joiimal of Horticiilttirc. " Well deserve their high character. Impregnated with a suthcieut amount of saline matter to prevent mossing or becoming dirty." — Gardening World, Trade Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. Messrs. FISHER. Son, & SiBRAY, Sheffield, write :— " We have used your Pots over twenty-live years, and foimd them everything that could be desired." Messrs- Woop & Ingram, Huntingdon, write : — " Your Pots are light and strong ; first-class colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a rjuarter of a century." Messrs. Pearson & Sox. Chilwell Nurseries, Notts, write :— " Have always found them thoroughly satisfactory in every way ; we may especially congratulate you ou the improvement you havi made the last year or two." Mr. W. Bull. .^3t), King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes :— " For nearly thirty vears now I have been using your pots, and still find them the best and cheapest.' Try the New Patent VICTORIA" LAWN MOWER. Simple, well made, durable, easy to work, reasonable in price. It possesses unifiue advantages over any Mower yet introduced. FOLLOWS & BATE, Limited, Patentees and AManufacturersof the "Climax," "Manchester," " Tennis," and • ' Royal Prize Medal ' ' Lawn Mowera. 70,000 sold since. 1869, GORTON, MANCHESTER. (^ To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom; or, if nuy difficulty is experienced, direct from the manufactory. FUCHSIA-S, in 50 best and new varieties. — strong and \Vell-roote<*- Cuttings. 8s. per 100 for Cash. S. MORTIMER. Swiss Nursery, Faruham, Suirey. 0 T A T O S f^T SEED. MYATT'S PROLIFIC. 5s. per cwt. D. WALLER, Bridge Street, Peterborough. ARDENIAS.— We have some splendid large plants, from 2 to 4 feet high, good bushy stuff, well set with bloom buds, price os., 10s. and 15s. each. The best HO^t^ in cultivation. EUCHARIS AMAZONIOA, in 10 and 12-inch pots, full of fine flowering bulbs, with clean dark healthy foliage, lOs. and 12s. 6rf. per pot. GLOIRE DE NANCY CARNATION.— Rooted Layers of this grand White Clove-scented Carnation, 3lJs, per 100; t5s. per dozen. COLLINS AND SONS. Cumberland Park Nuraery. Willesden Junction. LEICHENIA SPELUNCyE and OrHERS. — For Sale, a most magnificent Specimen of the above, in jjerfect health and condition. Tliia plant is supposed to be the finest in the kingdom. Also two gr.niid specimens of G. MENDELII, also six very choice specimen CROTONS. Apply Mr. BLAYDES, Epworth vtd Doncastcr. EESON'S MANUP.E.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardencra' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, \s., 2s. 6(/., 5s. 6rf., and 10s. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apptvdirect to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Milly. Sheffield. BONES !-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting, Grass Lauds. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, GARDEN GUANO. DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANUEES and FEKTILIZEKS for all purjioses. For Prices, apply to HAKRIBON, BABBER ft CO. (Umltea), OAKKETT LANE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY, S.W. AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. NO FEES for PEELIMINARY ADVICE and INFORMATION. CORKESPONDENCE SOLICITED. THE TRUE POSITION OF PATENTEES. By H. Moy Thomas. London : SIMPKIN and MARSHALL, U. 9 and 10, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, LONDON, W.C. THE NORMAL FERTILISER. For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. A highly-concentrated Fertiliser, consisting chiefly of human excrement and blood, which has the following recommeniia- tions : — It is moderate in price. It is safe to use. It is not a chemical manure. It is profitable to the user. It is clean to handle. It has high fertilising properties. It contains no needless matter, p ■ 7 lb. U lb. 2tf lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. ^■^'^^ ■ 2s. 3s. 6(f. 5s. 6d. 9s. 14s. And in 6d. and Is, packets. To he had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.G., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Ueuil Trade Discounts. CONWAY C. WARNE (Successor to ,IOHN MATTHEWS), THE ROYAL POTTERIES, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. 21 Gold and J Horticultu- Silver Medals ^ ral Pottery forexcellence .Sr^ ^ Established in Garden >:= '■1-. 1836. Pots, 1 to 40 ft "h Terra Cot tft inches in di- \ Vases. Orchid ameter.areof ^-w Pots. Pans, s u p e r i 0 r ■-^' m' &(:. Patent quality, and 'i,,' ■ Pl;intimd(ir- do not turn ,-J tl' I'hid Protect- fjrppti .Sfrnn- r^, ors, Foun- gcrand better \ tains. Statu- sliape tnau V — P nry, &c. made pots. Vn '\ and sami»li'8 / st-ntfrce. A test of \ Large Book over 50 years \v. of Designs has proved \ Is. 6rf. that Weston \ Colonial Pottery is the \\\ Orders of any best. \| description uxecuted See Testi- M with care and menials. l| dispatch. Mote, -Th9 Largest Flower Pot Manufactury In tbe World. Preient Stock over 7,000,000. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 135, Commercial street, Lonilon. — The best ami cheapest house for RUSSIA MtTS, RAFFIA. SHADING CANVAS, GARDEN NETTING, and other HOKTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern, Price 5'^* P®^ doz. For Cash with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE. For training IVns instejul of tii'li-4, Tniining plants to walls, iti'. In PaNKLS. 6 fi'it bv 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 Cei't by 4 fL-et ... 3s. each. 6 f.-'^l by 6 feet ... 4'. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 6s. each. Made any size to order at following prices : — 6 in. 4 in. 3 in. 2 in. 1* in. mesh. 2d. Zd. Z)d. 4rf. 4^/f. per foot super. Illustrated Catalogue on Afplicatio:?. J. J. THOMAS & CO., 87. QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Pkpss Gi'iur.) ADVERTISING AGENTS. 162. PICCADILLY, London, W.. RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial, Continental, Colonial, and American Newspapers nnd olher Publications, for one or any number of ins^Ttions, imd arc pre- pared to open nccouut-i with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Special advantages to Large Advertiaera. Established 1S.'>0. Only Addres*— 162, PicoADiLLY. London. W. Mahch 23, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 379 NON-POISONOUS THE NEW INSECTICIDE. LITTLE'S ANTIPEST MIXES INSTANTLY WITH "WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself the Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUABT, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the porfection of growiup hoiises. aud for practical utility, ecouomy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one clasa of work, and that THK VERY BEST. , . i t * * c Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct T\'ithout the assistance of any one out of our hrm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable BoUers. erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. ^ i _. . plans, Estiinates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part oj the Kingdom, Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, & C. AH Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, w.c. _1889. Fkate send me " Thb Gaedenehs' Chboniclb " for . ^ Months, commencing_ _,for which I enclose P.O.O.. ®" Please Note tliat all Copies sent Direct from this Oflco must bo paid for In advance. J0 THE UNITED KINGDOSI :— 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. M, : 3 Months. 3!. 9ii. ; Postrfree. FOEElSN SUBSCWPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. W. for 12 Months. India and China. 19s. 6a Beceipts for lees than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. No. P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DBUBY T.AWE, London, to VT. BICHABDS. Cheques should be crossed " DRUMMOND." March 23,' 1889. MANURE A Good Thing to Use. We haveplea3uro in drawinp^lhe attention of Plant Growers to LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— A firat-claas article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Easily used and low in price. Numerous Testimonials. Prices;— Pint, Is. 6(/.; quart, 2s. 9i/. : i gallon, 5s. ; 1 Rnllou. Vs. ; i gallons, 'Ms. Ask your seedsman for it, or ap]ilv lo WM. CLIBR.VN AND SON. Oldlield Nursery, Altnmham; llj— 12, Market Street, Mnncliesttir. STANDEN'S Established Over 20 Years. Exceeds all others in (jeneral ferlilising properties and staying j^owcrs. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture. The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its money value, in comparison with other manures, at least double ; and users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable and lasting results. Sold in Tins, 1/-, 2/6d, 6/6, and 10/6 each ; and in Kegs (free) at Reduced Prices, 28 lbs., 12/6; 56 lbs., 23/- ; 112 lbs., 42/- each. SOLE MANUFACTURF.nS : CORRY,SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LiMITKD). 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. .SOLD Jiy ALL SEEDSMEN AND NUJtSERi'MEN. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Sii Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO.. (Limited), lufl, Fenchurch Street, London. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In baga : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. 3(i. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9rf. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb., 2s. Zd. In tins, Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHJLIPHARRISAJ?fDC0.{Limited),9,BullRing, Birmingham. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medai^. Quality. THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... 55. per sack, 5 sacks for 2'2s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 45. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for 205. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 85. 6d. „ 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST ) Is. per bush., .3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ( (sacks included), SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6(i. per bush., 14a. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb. ; 28 lb., 27l. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, 35. per bush., 85. per sack. CHUBB'S"PERFECT"rER-'\ iK BAGS. TILIZER (the Best Food for ( . ' all kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 6«lb. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 6/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CEUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/3 2/- 3/9 6/- 12/- VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- ,V8 10/6 17/- EUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES, PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, Sec. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra lareeSampleBales. 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultry Pens. Rabbits, &c., in Sacks, Is.Gd. each; 10 Sacks, 12s. 6d. ; 20 Sacks, 2.35. COCOA-NTJT FIBRE EEFDSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. 4rf. each; lOsacks, 125. 6(f.; I53acke,I7s.6rf.: 20 sacks, 20s. ; 2.5 sacks, 245. ; 30 sacks, 27s. : 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, tree on rail. 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in Backs only, 25. 6d. each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists, Market Gardeners, and others (concentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S " PRODUCTIVE " MANURE, in ba«s, £3 per ton (b;ies included) ; sample 1 cwt. bag. 45., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any otiier manure, no matter what price, CHUBB'S •' COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags. £2 per ton (bags included) ; sample I cwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizLng agents. Terms strictly Cash with order. Bankers. Vnion Bank of London. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., WeBt Ferry Road, Ullwall, London, E. nn. .(ui'Mm 380 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 23, 1889. BOIME FERTILISER. FOR FLOWEKS, LAWNS, EASILY USED. VINES, AND VEGETABLES GIVES SPLENDID RESULTS. 1 lb. Tin, 9i. By Panel Post. Is. 2 lb. Tin, Is. 6ii. Do. Is. Wd. 28 lb., 5s. ; 56 lb., 10s., Free to Carriers. Order from FlorisU, OT direct from the Makers, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO., BELFAST. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. id. per bushel ; 100 for 2.5s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons), 40s. : 4-bu9bel baeg. 4rf. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. (,d. per sack ; 6 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, 4d. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 15s. per half ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-hu3hel bags, id. each. rELLOW FLBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNlfM MOSS. 8s. M. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIEOIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write tor Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Dniry Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. BENTIiEY'S INSECTICIDE Is now used and highly recommended by nearly all the leading Gardeners. Bottles. 2s.. Zs. ^d. ; Half-Gall.. 5s. ; One Gall., 95. From the Trade, or sent direct by JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW- ON- HUMBER, HULL. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS, FERNS, HEATHS, AZALEAS, &c. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT, as above, of first-class quality, at lowest prices. Prices on application. Depat for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES, LOAM. SAND, LEAF-MOULD. SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIRRE REFUSE. CHARCOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Bingwood, Hanta. GUBRAN'S EUGHARIS MITE KILLER. A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DREADFUL PEST. This assertion will probably be doubted, but if living mites are examined under a powerful microscope, and a drop of solu- tion ia applied, it will be seen that death is instantaneous, and if the solution is let down according to the directions, it kills in from o to 10 minutes. It may be objected that when unhealthy Eucharis are watered with the solution, it cannot touch the mites between the scales. Practice, however, has proved that it does ; and the most unhealthy Euchari.-i, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials, Prices: — I pint. Is. 6rf. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6rf. ; 1 quart, 4s. 6rf. ; J gallon. 75. 6rf. ; 1 gallon, 12s. 6rf. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12, Market Street. Manchester. NATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in ■^ngland on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c. — C. FiDLEB, Reading, used it for Potatos. and says: — " I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a lirst-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS, &C. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO.. Limited. 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. To Maxket Gardeners, &c. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use CULPHATE OF AMMONIA. VJ? — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixf-d with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, pont free. Price, free on rail at SheflSeld, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per f.6 lb.-*.— Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. Twelve Awards of Merit. #4# l^ BEST and CHEAPEST GUANO for all horticultural purp ses. The largest niimbiT of Awards for any Plant Manure. REGISTERED. Wholesale of W. COLCHESTER, Ipswich. SILVER SAND ! ! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine)— best in the market. 20,000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32, Polygon. London, N.W. Established nearly 30 years. Telegrams— " AUoquy, London." Trade supplied. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA, PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AN!) CO., Farnborough, Hants. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, MiMew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for A'ines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6rf. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, ^id. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. AECHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia Mata and Riiffia at lower prices than supplieil by any other firm; also all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Canes, and other Sundries at Wholesale Prices to the Trade only. MARENDAZ AXE FISHBE, James Street. Covent Garden. W.C . ETTING, Tanned and Waterproof, of all kinds, for Garden purposes. Cheapest house in the Trade. Writ«for samplesand prices hefore ordering elsewhere. Numerous testimonials. SPASHETT AtiB CO., Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft. Garden Nettings, Hotliouse Shadings, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS, TIFFANY. KIGBY, WAINWRIQHT AKB CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDINU for Florists. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork. Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lnw«r Thames Street, London. E.O. ARDEN NETTING.— 100 square yards in one piece, or 200 yards, odd pieces, 2s. %d., cash with order.— E. A. NOETHEY, Auctioneer, Plymouth. To Nurserymen. Seed Mercbants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade ; also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Pricea free. — 1 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.G. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS! "FRIG DOMO' REGISTERED ■ "^ T^ADE mark! For price list*, particulars Address- LMINUDGINGTON f<£: S^ Ki London Br/dg£\ The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, STOVES, and HEATING APPARATUS. Hendreforgan Anthracite Smokeless Coal. Tne UNITED ANTHRACrTE COLLIERIES (Limited), supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fiat) delivered in truckloads to any Railway Station. This coal is absolj/tely smo/idess, an yards, 2 yards w;di', post- free, 4s. ; 4 yards wide, M. per yard. 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1-inch me.sh. 1 yard wide, 2d. ; 2 yards wide, .v.: 4 yards wide, tirf. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch. Id. per yard (beat arttile to protect fruit trees, &c.). PILCHARD NETTING, 13 yards wide, 3-inch mesh, Prf. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127, Field Road. Forest Gate. London, E. '^ "1 STOCK 1^ d SIZES Inches. M Inches. 14X13 / 30X16 lexia 8 20x18 i8xia ? 33X16 30x13 34X16 16X14 ' 30x18 18X14 If 33x18 20x14 J 34X18 21-OZ. ind 15-OZ. Foreign, of above si/.cs, in boxes of 100 feet ami L'oo iect, super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered fi-rr i/i)d sniind in flic country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY."" Own Special Miuiufacture. GEORGE FAB.MILOE & SONS, Lead. Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchant."!. S4, St. John Street, West Sxnlthfleld, London, E.C. stock Liste and Prices on application. Pleaiie quote Chronicle, March 23, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. 381 C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • s[)eoial tittentioii to their Cucumber Frames, of wliidi they ulwuys have a large stock, ready glazed aud painted. They are made of the best materials, and cau be put together oud taken apart iu a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 3-light frame, V2 ft. bV 6 ft. ") ^j 6-light frame, lU ft. by 6 ft. ( f iMrgtr sizes at profx^irtionatd prices. R. HALLIDAY &. CO., Hothouse Builders aiiii Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Uiddleton, Manchester. London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c.. 2, HoUoway Koad. N. HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Reglatered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. Gd. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station. Is. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 20, or 10 gallons. j~i A TT m T /^ TiJ Every Cask bears the above UA U 11 U Jy . Registered Trade Mark. Beware of ^eap imitations. HILL & SMITH, Brierley IronworkB, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; 47. Davson Street. Dublin, GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8S. 6d. per 100 feet 15 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14. 24X14. 14x12. 20x12, 13x16, 24x16, 12s. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12, 16x14, 20x16, 24x18, &c. Putty. 6j. 6d. percwt.; WTiite Lead, genuine, 21s.; Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre, 20s.: Oxford Ochre, 245.; Green, 165.; Black, 16s. per cwt. ; Varnish, from bs.6d. per gal. — Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 95, Bishopsgate Street Within, London. E.G. LONDON OFFICES " /39 4 vo/f / C^A//V OAf S^L. OfVDO/V. JE. C ^ PA"PENT '^ PROPAGATOR Made in superior earthenware. 14 iu. long. 6^ iu. deep. and 6 in. wide. Inside. 2^ inches from the top, is a perforated movable fnlse bottom, upon w hie h the soil for cuttings or seeds is phued, tlie lower half being tilled with wuter. wliicli is replenished «lu'n reiiuired through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price3s.each; glass shade for top. Is. 6rf. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on appliaition. Garden Pots I ^^^^ ^^^ unsurpassed by any in the Trade. I They are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and -tiape. Samples c^irriage free, Orrhid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List.— THOS. PASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S,E MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S G R A T E F U L- C O M F O R T I N G . COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. CAMOMILE PILLS. Areco)iJidently rt/coDiuieiiih'J as a simple but certain remedy for ^;UNDIGESTION*^ See TeBtimonial, selected from hundreds:— CROYDON, 1885. " Having been a sufferer from Indi- gestion for many years, 1 am happy to say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by using Norton's Pills, and confidently recom- mend them to all suffering frojn the same. "7. WILKINSON." For other Testimonials, see Monthly Magazines. Sold everywhere, price is. j\d., 2s. gd. and lis. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS AKK HKST KEI'KESKNTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDES : THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY SOtti Year. and HORTICULTURIST 42iidYear. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17tli Year. United In ONE. Making the Largest, JBest, Oldest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America, THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries iu the Uuiversal Postal Union, 103. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4. Sprinsi Gardens, Charing Cross. London, S.W., to whom Onlprs for Advertisements and Subscrip- tions may be s*?nt. A Specimen Copy post -f rii-e for \(id. (stamps). Belgian. BULLETIN d'AKBOKICULTURE, de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE ALUIAI- CHERE. A mon1 hly horticultural work, with auperb Coloured Plates and niuatratiods. Published since lb65, by F. Burve- i NlCH. F. Paynaebt, E. Rodigas, and H. J. van Hulle, Prcfesiors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern- ment at Ghent. Post-paid, 10s. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLE. Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. Lin«a £0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Lines 16 „ 17 » 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 £0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 11 0 11 0 12 0 12 0 13 0 13 AND SIXPENCE FOB EVERT ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will he 20a. If set across three Columns the lowest charjre will be 30f. Page. £8; Half Page. £4 10s.; Column. £.•!. Gardeners and otnera Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address. Is. 6d., and 6rf. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPOKTANT NOT I CM. -Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post.ojfices, as ail Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender, BIRTHS, Deaths and Marriages, 6s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current weeh must reach the Olfice by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance, The United Kinudom ; 12 Mouths, 15b. ; 6 Moathe 7s, 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China); including Postage 173. 6d, for 12 Months; India and China 198. 6d. ' Post office Orders to be made payable at the Post OIBce 42, DKURy LANE, W.C, to W. Riohabds. PoBLisHiNQ Office and Office for Advehtisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. CiENTS WANTED, for the Sale of NATIN'E GUANO : the best and cheapest Manure for Garden Use. -The NATIVK GUANO CO., Ltd., 29, New Bridge Street. Blackfriars, E.C. GARDENER REQUIRED, to go out to the Canary Islands. Must have practical knowledge of Semi-tropical Gardening and also of Fruit Raising. Strictly sober. With good references and personal character.— Apply in the first instance by letter, stating wages requireil, to Messrs. SWANSTON AND CO., 1, Lawrence Pouuttiey Hill, K.C. ANTED, a GARDENER ; Family to do Household Washing. All found ; Laundry, :iDs, a-week, house, firing.— Write G.X., May's Advertising Olhces. Ili2. Piccadilly, London, W. W anted; under gardener, for Normandy, France. Wages, las.— Write, stating full particulars to J. K., 2. Avenue, Hoche, Paris. ANTED, a FOREMAN Cucumber Grower. Permanent to a useful man,-*-H. DICKINSON, Shard- low, near Derby. WANTED, a MAN, to take a leading part where Grapes are grown extensively. Must be well up in PlauU and Cut F'lowers for Market, also Wreaths, Crosses, Sec. Permanency to suitable man. — State wages, which will be progressive, to E, CKUMP, Ranelagh Gardens, Leamington. VI/'ANTED, a MAN and WIFE (with^ T T famil\), Man to attend to Small Garden and Green- house and make himself generally useful. Wife as good Plain Cook. Two in family. House parlour-maid kepL — M., Gardeners' Chronicle OtHce, 41, Welhugton Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, for Indoors, with a good experience of Market Work. &c. ; also of Growing Cucumbers and Tomato3. — Apply, with particulars, to CIj. N., Gardeners' Chronicln Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ANTED, a young MAN, for Cucumber Growing. — Only those who have been growing for Market ueeil apply. — State age, wages, and reference to FIELD AND ANSTED, Brunswick Gardens, Leamington. ANTED, IMPROVER, Indoor.— Age about 17 ; one with experience in Ferns preferred. — St. George's Nursery Company, Hanwell. ANTED, TWO young MEN, strong and good workmen — one principally for Kitchen Garden; the other for Grounds and to Assist Inside and House Decora- tion. Must be perfectly sober.— E. BURTON, The Gardens, Ben Rhydding Hydropathic, near Leeds. WANTED, a strong young MAN, age not under 22, for General Garden Work. Wages 17s. per week. —WILLIAM ROGERS, Capernwray Hall Gardena, Carn forth . WANTED, several young MEN, accustomed to Potting, Tying, Wateimg, &c.. for Market Nur- sery ; also one used to Budding and Grafting Rosea, Clematis, &c. — LADDS' Nursery, Swanley Junction. Kent. 382 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 23, 1889. WANTED, to Assist in Shop (General Seed and Nursery Business), a young MAN, who has had some eiperience. Wages to ^""■"'TA^nv'BinTmr'SS' —References and fuU particulars to LAXTON BROTHERS. Bedford. To Lady Florists. , t 3 WANTED, a respectable well-educated Lady, of good .address, not under 2.5 years of age, as FORE- WOMAN, where a brisk and first-class business is done ; a good taste in the general arrangement of Flowers indispensable. Applicants must have filled a similar situation with ability.— Address, stating full particulars, with photo., which will be returned, to A. Z., GiirJmers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. 0AB,D£NING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. G. Cook, late Gardener at Roughwood, Bucks, has been appointed Gardener to Major Smith, Elkington Hall, Louth. Mr. W. Pottle has been appointed Gardener to J. II. G. Newton, Esq., Barrells, Henley-in- Arden, Warwickshire. Mr. James Jeffrey, late Gardener to W. T. Crawshay, Esq., at Cyfarthfa Castle, Merthyr Tydvil, has been transferred to Mr. Crawshay's residence at Caversham Park, Reading. Mr. James O.swald, late Gardener at Hoddam Castle, Dumfriesshire, has been appointed as Head Gardener at Cyfarthfa Castle. Mr. John Martin, late " The Dell Gardens," Englefield Green, as Head Gardener to P. Saillard, Esq., Buchan Hill, Crawley, Sussex. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Jiestante " to initials or to fictitious Ttames are not forwarded, but are at once returned to tks writers. NOTICE TO AIJV ERTISEHS.—In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat AdvertLseme7its are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this in ail cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested tvhen Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIKD AND SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified ag GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17. Fredericlt Street. EJinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS. Or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Cart.-r. Enquiries should be made to 2:i7 and 238. High Holborn. W.C. Scotch Gardeners, Foresters, and Bailiffs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), has at present on hia Register several very superior MEN whom lie can recommend with every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par- ticulars given on application.— 144. Princes Street, Edinburgh. ICH ARD SMITH and CO". beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic 8c Poatal Address- * ""' ■ DICKSONS, CHESTER." GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Married ; thirteen years' experience. Ab- stainer. Good references.— JAMES CURLE, 24, Oldfield Road, Stoke Newington, E. , GARDENER (Head) ; age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a tlioroughly competent man, they can be accammodatpd by applying to Mr. R. GILIJERT, Burghley Gardens, Stamford. GARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married, two children.— Mr. C. J, Goldsmith, Kelsey Manor Gardens, Beckenham, will t e pleased to recommend a thoroughly practical man as above. ARDENER (Head). — R. Gray, twelve years Head Gardener at Chevening Park, desires re-engagt-ment. Successful Gardener in all branches— Grapes, Roses. Fruit, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Highest references. — Stratton Terrace, Westerbam, Kent. ^. . GARDENER (Head). — Age 33, single ; thoroughly understands Vine.i, Peaches, Tomatos, Cucuro- bera, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse Pl.inta, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— W. G., 3, The Nursery, George Lane, Lewisham, 9.E. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman who is reducing his Gardening Establishment wi&hfs to re- commend his Head Gardener. He is thoroughly experienced in all branches of tlie profession, and has hehl his present position for ten years.— Address, H.G.. Street & Co., :{U. Coriihilt. E.G. GARDENER (Head). — Age 42, married; twenty-eipht years' practical experience in Scotland and England; eighteen and a half jears in present pl^^^- Leaving through reduction in garden. Highly recommended. ~W. DUNCAN. Newton St. Cyres, Exeter. GARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married; many years Head Gardener where every branch has been thoroughly carried out. Twenty years' reference. Four years in present situation.— T. DEACON, Fern Cottage, Hersham, Walton-on-Thameg. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 28, single at present; good experience in Vines, Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good references. Two years' good character from present employer.- W. MANSFIELD, The Gardens, Coghurst Hall, Ore, Hastings, Sussex. pi ARDENER (Head); age 34, married.— A vIT Gentleman giving up his garden wishes to highly recommend a thoroughly practical, trustworthy, energetic man ; first-class Fruit. Vegetable, and Plant Grower. Twenty years' experience in good establishments. — G. WARRINGTON, 135, Dulwlch Road, Heme Hill. S.E. GARDENER (Head); age 30.— Advertiser desires to meet with Lady or Gentleman taking interest in Garden. Good knowledge of Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and Herbaceous Plants, and Fruit Culture. Five years in present place as General Foreman ; six previous at Pendell Court.- W. RUSSELL, The Gardens, South Lodge, Horsham. Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working).— Understands his profession in all its branches ; several years' good character. Well recommended by present employer.— E. W.. Parkfield Gardens, Potter's Bar. Middlesex. GARDENER (Head "Working).— Age 28, at present single ; experienced in all branches. Good references, and well recommended by present employer. Abstainer.— G. JONES, Cbildwickbury Gardens. St. Albans. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Thirteen years' practical experience in all branches. Highest references. Abstainer.— P. W., 5, Laura Place, Holland Park Road, Kensington, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 25, single; nine years' experience in all branches. Under- stands Beeket-ping. Abstainer. Excellent references.- R. E. RICHARDSON, Hardriding. Bardon Mill, via Carlisle. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 28.— W. HOLAH, Redleaf Gardens, Peushurst. Kent, strongly recommends H. Bickerstaff as above, who has been at Redleaf six years; thoroughly understands Orchids, Early aud Late Forcing, Kitchen Garden, &c.— Apply as above. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 39, married ; thoroughly pracfical. Twenty-five years' experience in good establish- ments; good references. — J., Wilhams' Nursery, Upper HoUoway, N. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 32.— The Hon. A. Talbot can highly recommend his Head Gardener, as well qualified in every way for the above. First- class references.- H. D., Little Gaddesdeu House, Berkhamp- stead. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married when suited ; sixteen years' experience in Vines. Pines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Early and Late Forcing— G. McLeod. ti. Windmill Street. High Road, Chiswick. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 45, marrietl, no family; experienced in Vines, Peaches, Melons. Greenhouse, Orchids, &c. Four and a quarter years in last place, seventeen in previous; good testimonials,- W., Butler's Hill Station, Nottingham. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married, two children ; thoroughly understands. Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Four and a half years' good character.- J. MASON, Swalcliffe, near Banbury. GARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married, no family.— W. H. Divioits. Head Gardener, for J. T. Hopwood, Esq., Ketton Hall, St^imford, will be pleased to recommend a man to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a honest, industrious, and efficient Gardener.— The HurehiUs, near Leeds, Yorkshire. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept; age 25, single. — A. Bahkeb, Gardener, Adare Manor. Limerick, will be pleased to recom- mend, as above, his Foreman (W. Watts). He has been here three and a half years, aud is a thoruughly reliable, hard- working man. Abstainer^ GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married ; sixteen years' experience. Has a thorough knowledge of Plants, including the Culture of Orchids, Forcing of Vines. Melons, Peaches, Cucumbers. Toroatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen Garden.— THOMAS WOOD. 31, Torakinson Street, Chester. GARDENER (Head Working).— Thirteen years' practical experience. Four years in present situation.— H. ADAMB, The Gardens, Basing Park, Alton, Hants, To Noblemen and Gentlemen. GARDENER ( Head), or WORKING manager.— Age 42. married, no family; successful Grower of Grapes, Wall Fruits, Tomatos. Vegetables. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Orchids, Ferns, &c.— S. C, Broom- field's, Mattock Lane, Ealing Dean, W. GARDENER (Head Working or good SlNGLi:-HANDED).— Age 29, married ; fourteen years' practical experience in goow wages accepted.— WILLIAM GUNN. Mount Road, Braintree. GARDENER ; age 37, married, two in family. A Ge.n'tleman c^in highly reoommend his Gardener, Head or Single-handed. Thoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening. Leaves on account of change of residence, where a Gardener is not required. — COLE, North Holme, Highbury Park, N. GARDENER (good SiNGLE-HANDED),orwhere assistance is given. — Age 27. single at present; two years and eleven months' good character, three years' previous. Mr. H. Downing, Norbury Park Gardens, Dorking, can with confidence recommend young man as above, and will be pleased to answer any inquiries.- E. NEAL, Norbury Park, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where one or two are kept. — Age 28 ; married when suited. Ten years' practical experience.- GEORGE HARRIS. 9, Bonsall Road, West Derby, Liverpool. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 27, single; has had experience Inside and Out. Three years in present situation. — W. C, Bellefields, Engletield Green. GARDENER (Single-handed or otherwise). —Age 29, married, one child. Total abstainer. Four- teen years' experience in Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Three and a half years' previous aud present character.— R. W., 104, Highgate Road, Kentish Town, N.W. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). — Age 24 ; nine years' experience, Inside and Out. Good character.— W. OLDER, 6, Half Moon Lane, Dulwich, London, S.E. GARDENER (Second) in the Houses.— age 2-'{; eight years' good character. — S. THOMAS, The Gardens, Haddon Hill, Christchurch, Hants. GARDENER (Second), or under Foreman in the Houses.- Age 25, single ; good cliaractor. Bothy preferred. No objection to a little Outside Work.— A. SHR-ABB, Puttenham. Guildford, Surrey. GARDENER (Second). — Age 25; a good practical knowledge in all branches, including Orchids. Total abstainer. Good recommendation.— G. COLTISLEE, Steym, Bembride, Isle of Wight. GARDENER (Second).— Inside and Out, if required.— -Age 24 ; good references. Good experience among Plants and Outside Gardening. — F. B., 13, Tylney Road, Widmore. Bromley, Kent. GARDENER (Second, Inside), or KITCHEN and FLOWER GARDENEK.— Nine years' experience. Can be well recommended,- State wages and particulars to J. MAJOR, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking. GARDENER (Second, or Under), where two or three are kept ; Private Situation or Market Nurtwry. — Age ;J4 : strong and willing.— S1MMOND9, East Viev^ Cottages, New Town, Staiiwell, Middlesex. GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; eight years' experience. Four years' good cbarftcter. —A. REYNOLDS, North Lane Teddington. GARDENER (Under).— Age 18; used to Glass and Ivitcheu Garden. Good references. Abstaiuer. —A. C, 52, Bathhurst Mews, Paddington, W. GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; can be highly recommended by present employer.— H. HAL- LETT, Douhead St. Audrew, Salisbury. GARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Ago 22, single; six years' uxperienoe. Two years' gOOd character from present situation.— J. TREAUWELL, Tho Oaks Lodge, Belvedere Park, Kent. ARDENER (Under); age 23. — A Gardknkr wishes to recommeud a yotuig man to Work Inside ami Out.— H. LAW, 28, Shellon Street, Folkestone, Kent. i Mahch 23, 1889.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 383 GARDENER (UNDRn).— Age iO; five years' Rood character from last employer. — R. C, 61, Roseberry Road. Clnpham Park, S.W. GARDENER (Under), where two or more are kept. — Age 20; has had live years' experu-iu-e. Good cliarncter.— W. Y., 13, Farm Avenue, Streatham, Siitrey. ARDENER (Under). — Age IS; three years' good character.— D. BROWN, Newton House, Ueckenham Lane, Shortland^, Kent, ARDENER (Under), Inside.— Age 22 ; six years' experience. Total abstainer; pood testimonials. —J. B.. 27, The Avenue. New Southgate, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; live years* fxperieuLC, Inside and Out. Good character.— W., 11, Archbishop's Place, Brixton Hill, S W. ARDENER (Under) in a Gentleman's Establishment, where three or four are kept. — Age 21 ; three years' good character. Abstainer.— C. HEAD, London Hill, Harrow, Middlesex. /?1 ARDENER (Under). — Age 20 ; seven V^ years' experience Indoors and Out. Vegetables. Fruit, Hardy Flowers, Alpines. Good character.- A. FANE, Mrs. Jekylls, Munstead, Godalming. Surrey. ARDENER (Under), Insiae and Out, or good Outside.— Age 24. single; ten years' experience. Good references from present and previous employers. — E. SMITH, 74, Carthew Road. Hammersmith. W. ARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Age 24 ; five years in pre,>;ent situation. Good character. Bothy preferred.- G. C, Rose Cottage, Cross Street, Farn- borough, Hants. GARDENER (Under), where three or four are kept.— Personal character if desired. Bothy pre- ferred.- JOHN POWELL, 21, Thomas Street. St. John's, Tunbridge Wells. ARDENER (Under), or PLEASURE- GROUND FOREMAN. — C. J. Goldsmith. Kelsey Manor Gardens. Beckenham, will be pleased to recommend a young man who has lived with him two years. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good estab- lishment.—Age 2b ; good character.— A. B., The Gardens, Kempsholt Park, near Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN, in a good Private Establishment. — Age 27; well up in all branches. Good references. T«o and a half years Foreman in present situation. — E. BELL, The Gardens. Coleshill House, Highworth. Wilts. FOREMAN. — Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Over two years exuellent character from Mr. Barham, Gardener to Earl of.Sefton, Croxtexth Hall, Liverpool.— Apuly J. EASTWELL, as above. FOREMAN, where two or three are kept ; age 24.— T. Goldring, The Gardens, Chilgrove, Chichester, can coutidently recommend a young man, as above, who has lived with me five and a half years. Table Decoration. f^OREMAN, Indoors, where two or three are kept; age 24.— Mr. Stevkss would be pleased to recom- mend J. Jones as above.— The Gardens, Stanage Park, Brampton Brian, Herefordshire. FOREMAN; age 25.— G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to sir Henry Bessemer, Denmark Hill, S.E., can with confidence recommend his present Foreman, who has been with him two years, to any Gardener requiring a trustworty man. FOREiLAN. — Age 25 ; eleven years' expe- rience in good establishments, including nearly two years as Foreman in present place. Excellent references from present and previous employers. — F, CL'BBERLEY, The Gardens, Mnlgrave Castle. Whitby, Yorks. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, GROAVER, or SALESMAN.— Age 30; thoroughly experienced. Well up in Crosses, Wreaths, and Bouquets. Good references.— T. WARD, 4, Zuriel Place, Old London Road, Hastings. "r"'OREMAN, or good SECONII.— Age 25; -L two years' good character, nine years' experience Dis- engaged.— W. PRATT, 2j,. East Parade. Horsham, Sussex. OREMAN, or SECOND, in a good estab- lishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience, two years in present situation.— C. BEST, The Gardens, Norman Court, Dean, near Salisbury. To the Trade. GENERAL FOREMAN and SALESMAN. —Age 40; first-class Propagator and Plaatsman, twenty years' extensive practice as above with leading firms requires situation where Plants, Cut Flowers, &c., are wanted in quantities for Market or Private Trade. ~A. B., Mr. Burks Cross Street, Sale, Manchester. RCHID GROWER, or FOREMAN, in a good establishment.- Nine years' experience in all Glass Departments, especially Orchids, for the last twelve months having had sole charge of the Earvios Park collection — Apply, by letter, to R. HARBOROUGH, Sispara. West Hill Putney, S.W. ' ROPAGATOR. — Young; has had good experience in a large firm, and been very successful in the Propagation of Roses in Pots. Rhododendrons, Clematis &c. : is also well up in Hardwooded Plant Propagation - good Budder and Grafter.— Partictilars can be had bv aonlvinir tji V. O., Clayton Nursery, London, E. ' J-^'i'-B w PROPAGATOR, or Charge of a Small Nursery. J- — Age 25 ; «eU-up in all branches. Good characters and recommendation.— T. ROGERS, Helton, Varniouth. S„ „ „ To the Trade. OFT- woo DEI) PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Pelargoniuma, Geraniums. Forna, Ficns, Rouvardias, Cyclamens, Curiuitiona, Tree roinaettia.s, Chry- santhemums, Euclmris, Oardenina, &c. Well recommended.— G. W., U, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. JOURNEYMAN (First), or as SINGLE- JUNDED GARDENER,— Age 24 ; nine years' expe- rience. Three years' good character from hist employer.- W. VISE, Potter's Rgr, near Riiriiet. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses; age 23.— H. PORTER, The Gardens, Studley Castle, Redditch, can with conlidence recommend a trustworthy young man as above. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, or t/ Inside and Out.— J. Knight can highly recommend a young raau (age 21) as above, and having a thorough taste for Gardening.- The Oaks, near Epsom. "JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— fJ Age 22 ; seven years' experience; good character.— A SXHTH, Testwood Park Gardens. Totton, Hants, wishes to recommend a young man as above, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses or Out.— Age 28, single ; nine years' experience. Good references. —A. GORRINGE, ElHngham. Leatherhead, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Can be well recommended by J. Evans, Ganleuer to Lady Ashburton, Metchet Court, Romsey, Hants. JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, in a good establishment.— Age 22; eight years' experience. Good references.- J. E., Hollybaiik Gardens, Emswortli, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Gentle- man's establishment.— Age 21 ; highly recommended.— GARDENER, Kempshott Park, Basingstoke, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 10; good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plants and Fruit Houses. Good recommendation.— H. DA VIES, Lang- ford Psrk Gardens. Maldon. Essex. OURNEYMAN, Inside; age 21.— J.Thigger, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, can highly recom- mend Samuel Watkins to any Head Gardener requiring an active and industrious young man. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; five years' experience in Plants and Fruit Houses. Good character.— J. GRIFFIN, Bishops Offley, Eccleshall, Staf- fordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22 ; seven and a half years' experience, four and a half years' last place. Good character.— F. BENGOUGH, Harpton Lod^e Kington, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out,— Seven years' experience. Good character The North preferred.— \V. BROWN, 16, Bridge Place, Gloucester Road, Croydon, Surrrey. JOURNEYAIAN, Inside and Out, where there is a Kitchen Garden.— Age 21; good reference. Nine years experience. ISothy preferred.— R. BARFOOT 1 Lily Terrace, Warwick Road, Kensington. W. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; seven years' experience. Good references from last and previous employers. — W. CHANDLER, 2, Oldtield Road. Wimbledon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19 ; three years in present situation. Excellent references — H. M., Abel Hunt, High Street Green, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; abstainer. Five years' character from previous an.I three from present employer. Knowledge of Vines iWelons Cucumbers.— J. SHERLOCK, Adhurst Gardens, Pete'rsfield. ' JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19.— Mr. Wallis. Hartwell. Hartfield, Sussex, can highly recommend a honest, respectable, trustworthy, young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out, in a good establishment.— Age 22; seven years' experience. Good chancier. Eothy preferred. Apply, 138, High Street Putney, S.W. * JOURNEYMAN.— A^e 22; experienced in fJ stove, Orchids, Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, &c. Well recommended ; two years in present place.— G. M., 5 Albion Terrace, Child's HiU, Hendon, N.W. JOURNEYMAN; age 22. - Mr. Jaques ^ (Head Gardener to Baron F. de Rothschild, M P ) can highly recommend W. Dodwell to any Gardener requiring the services of a good Journeyman. Seven years' exoerience W. DODWELL. Waddes. on. Aylesbury. perience. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 22 ; seven years prao- ^ tical experience in Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers Tomatos, Autumn and Winter blooming Plants, Stove, Green- nonse. First-chissreference. Gooil character. — W.FLETCHER Kinnersley, Severn Stoke, Worcester. TMPROVER, in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's -i- Garden.— Aged 17: three years' experience. Good cha- racter.—GABDENEK, Sunneyfield, Hampstead Heath. N.W. TMPROVER, Indoors; age 18.— Mr. Dover, -*- High Leigh, Hoddesdon, Herts, will be pleased to recom- mend a young man as above who has been with him four years. —J.DAY, IS, Hints- Loid Street. Hoddesdon. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— -*- Age 111; abstainer. Good knuwicdgu of Indoors Work, liothy preferred.-Apply, stating wages, to A. I.ANGRIDGE, ilayes Place Gardens, Hayes, Kent. TMPROVEH; age 18,— H, Parrisii, Head -*- Gardener, Frnmpton Gardens, Dorchester, can recommend a young man as above Indoors. Four years' experience. Bothy preferreil. Total abstainer. TMPliOVER. — A Gentleman wishes to rocom- w ,,"'^'"'' " >'<""h ("go 18); has been with him three years. Well accustomed to Glass Work. Abstainer.— S. S., Brook- land House, Market Harborough. TMPROVER, Indoor and Out.— Age 18 ; three -■- years' experience. Active and willing. Good character and reference.-E. WHITTLE, Langley-Burrell, Cliippenham, Wilts. TMPROVER, in the Houses.- Age 18; over ->- three and a half years in present situation. Can be well recommended by employer. — E. M., The Gardens, South Belmont, Doncaster. I,,„„ To Head Gardeners. MPROVER, Indoors and Out; age 18.— J. Stuart, Gardener, Oliington, Worthing, Sussex, would lie pleased to recommend a Lad as above ; tour and a half years experience. Small Premium offered. Bothy preferred. '"FO 0RCHIUGR0VVERS,&c.— Mr.E. Bland, -L Seaber House, Fordham, Soham, can with confidence re- commend his late Foreman, F. Hopkiiison, where Orchids Fruit, and Choice Cut Flowers are in reiiuest. 'TO GARDENERS, &c.-A young man -*- (age 22) requires a situation in Garden, Inside or Inside ?? tSI'J; „^"'* y""'"'' Sood character. Bothy preferred.— McLean. Coworth Park, Sunninghill, Ascot. TPO NURSERYMEN.-A young man (age 21), J- seeks a situation in a Nursery. Has a Knowledge of Tomatos. Sott-wooil. &c. Good experience and references — H. B., 41, Stamford Terrace, Stoke Newington, E. -yO MARKET GROWERS.— A young Man -L (age 21) seeks situation. Six and a half years' experience in Market Work.— T. J., 39, Cable Villa, Blenheim Grove Peckham, S.E, •yO NURSERYMEN.-Situation wanted, under X Glass. Three years' experience in one of the leadin.^ Nurseries. Well-up in Hard and Soft-wooded Propagating Grafting, &c., and thoroughly understands the Management of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Age 20.— G. L., Mr. Hillier Newsagent, North Finchley. ' ' yO " GENTLEMAN^^^ IjARDENERa^ -L Situation required by young man (age 20) to Work In- side or Out. Two and a half years' good character.— LOVELL Stuckeridge, Tiverton, Devon, yO MARKET NURSERYMEN,— Wanted, a -L situation ill a Market Nursery or otherwise. Can act as Salesman. Good Penman, and has thorough knowledge of Greenhouse Work (age 24).— GEORGE STEVENS Mr F Godfrey, High Street, Henley-in-Arden. npO GARDENERS.— A young man (age \S) J- wishes to place himself in a large garden under a good Gardener. Will pay a Premium., Has been in the Acton Burnell Gardens two years.-JOHN EDWARDS. Acton BuincU Gardens, near Shrewsbury. ASSISTANT, Herbaceous Department pre- ferred.—Good references from Mr. T. S. Ware o' Tottenham, where he has just terminated a term of four years" Apprenticeship.— C. H. REA, 10, Cunningham Road, Totten- ham, London. CHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30; tho- kJ rough knowledge of Seed, Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references.— WM. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East Grinstead, Sussex. SALESMAN and CLERK desires re-engage- ment. Six years' London experience in Plants Seeds and Bulbs. Practical knowledge of Book-keeping and Short- hand (Pitman's).- J. Y., Fox & Co.. 33, Marlborough Road Dalston, E. To Nurserymen and Florists. SALESMAN.— Thorough knowledge of Flower, Seed, and Bulb Trade, Wreaths, Crosses, &c. — S. T Bathwick Nurseries, Bath. ' * ' TO FLORISTS.— A young Lady, experienced, with good references, requires re-engagement (West End preferred),— Apply by letter to E. H., 10. Waverton Street, Berkeley Square, W. HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Indigestion and Liver Complaints.— The digestion cannot be long or seriously disordered without the derangement being perceptible on the countenance. These Pills preventboth unpleasant conse- quences ; they improve the appetite, and with the increase of desire for food, they augment the powers of digestion and assimilation in the stomach. HoHowaya Pills deal most satis- factorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the many organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our Iwdies from our various diets —as the liver, stomach and bowels, over all of which they exercise the most salutary control. By resorting at an early stage of this malady to these purifying and laxative pills, the dyspeptic is speedily restored to health and strength, and his sallownsss gradually vaniahep. 384 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 23, 1889. CADBURY'S COCOA sustains against Fatigue — Increases Mus- cular Strength — Gives Physical Endurance and Staging Poiver. It is ahsolutclg Pure. CADBURY'S COCOA is easy to digest, delicious in flavour, and full of health-imparting properties. It is absolutelg pure Cocoa, un- tampered tvith. A few of the many Good Reasons why CADBURY'S COCOA enjoys such World-wide Popularity. It is guaranteed to be Pure Cocoa. It can be made instantly with boiling Milk or Water. It is not reduced in value by the addition of Starch, Sugar, &c. It is specially rich in flesh-forming and strength- sustaining principles. It contains all the delicious aroma of the Natural Article, without the excessive proportions of fat. It is delicious, nutritious, digestible, comfort- ing, and a refined Ijeverage suitable for all seasons of the year. It is a gentle stimulant, and sustains against hunger and bodily fatiguti. In th(^ whole process of manufacturing Cadbury's Pure Cocoa, the autoniatio machinery employed obxiates the neces- .sity of its being once touched by the human hand. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Atjvertisements and Business Letters to " The Publislier," at the OJTico. 41. WellinKtou Street. Covent Garden. L iidon \V C Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bhadburv, \unew, St Co., Lombard Street, Precinct ot Whitefriurs, City of Loudou. in the C6unty of Middlesex, and' nublished by the said W1X.L1A.M Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's. Covent Qarden, in the said County.—SATURDAy, March 23, 18B9. Agent for Mauchostcr— John Heywood ■ ESTABIJSHED l84l. No. 118.-Y0L. V. g^^} SATUEDAT, MAECH 30, 1889. fRegt. as a Newspaper, f Price 3d* (^WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FbeE, 3jli. CONTENTS. American not^s ... Anoigauthui breviflorus Asocogeton distachyoQ ... Apple. Ribston Pippin ,., Apples aud Pears, pre- serving Auriculas, edged develop- ment of Begonia Scharffii Book:— Best Forage Plants ... Bulbs. Dutch Catasetum Darwinianum Continental notes Cultural memoranda ... Cutbush. W., & Sons' Nursery Cypripedium robustius Sedeni longifolium ,, Sehlimii , . V e r n u 9 1 o-Spiceri- anum x Dendrobium Jeukinsii ... Die£f,.*iibachia Eppic:: Forest Fern- terns Flowti-r garden Fru'ty under glass Ganit^ning appointments Garileners* Orphuu Fund Ganeners' Royal Beue- vcleut Institution GoiUvinia gigas Gripe M:adre.-tield Court Hardy fruit garden W6 Hyacinth, the ;J9S India 394 Kitchen garden 404 : Life in Continental uur- I series 404 ' McArthur's nursery i Moss, new, for Orchids.,, 40.5 \ Odontoglossum Hume- I'iSS anum Orchid exhibitioo, Ame- 403 rican 401 ,. notes 394 Orchids of Jamaica 396 Plant portraits 396 Plants and their culture Rail. -tree, the 396 Rose Marechal Niel, colour of 394 Royal Horticultural So- 395 ciety Seeding of plants 394 Shortia galacitolia 395 Societies — 402 Crystal Palace 402 Edinburgh Botanic ... 404 Linnean 399 PrestOQ 399 Reading 414 Richmond 401 Royal Horticultural ... Violas as bedding plants 401 Wellesley, terrace garden 398 I at 403 ■Williams' H. & Sons" nur- 399 sery Illustrations. Fein stems, as illustrative of Art-evolution 405 Hyacinth bulbs propagating 396 Sho.tia galacifolia 397 Stork's nest, a 400 Terrace garden Wellesley, Mass., U.S.A. (Supplement.) Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, binder no circujnstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vert isetnents occupying less space than an entire coluynn. Now read7. In cloth, lis. 60. 7 HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV., Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1883. W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. E AV C A S T L E - U P 0 N - T Y N E SPRING FLOWER SHOW. APRIL 10 and 11, 1889. For Schedule apply to JAS. J, GILLESPIE, Secretary. BUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY O DIRECT FROM SUTTON and SONS, READING. Orders value 205., carriage free. BUTTON'S FLOWEK' SEEDS for O PEESENT SOWING. — Asters, Balsams, Carnation, Hardy Annuals, Lobelias, Mignonette, Pansy, Phlox Drum- mondii, Poppies, Stocks, Sunflowers, Zinnias, and others. For full particulars see SUTTON'S AMATEUKS GUIDE, Price Is , post-free, SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, KEAMNG. UT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c,— Best cla'*s of customers in district for good flower-. Sales. WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Night all the year round. Daily, when required. Large&t and most centrally situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham. — POPE and SONS, 6, Phillip's Street (clo^e to Market Hall), Birmingham. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserj-men and Seed Merchants. Worcester. Barr's Descriptive list of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWIN'G for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARR A.N-D SOX, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. PRICE AND CO. Solicit Consignments of really Choice Cut Flowers for Sale on Commission. 60, Castle Street, Long Acre, and Covent Garden Flower Market, London, W.C. Telegraphic address, " Adiantum. London." HOOPER AND CO. (Limited), are in a position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for EUCHARIS. LILY of the VaLLEY, ROSKS, ORCHIDS, ARUM ULTES. and every description of Cut Flowers. Com- municate with Commission Department. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Covent Garden, London. W.C. N^^OrfCET^ SQUELCH'and barnham having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Emptiesand Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup. and 2S5, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent Garden, London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION. SIDCUP." W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMfSSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, aud other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. HOICE FRUIT and FLOWERS.— Highest Market Prices Guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, well-rooted Cuttings of CHRY- SANTHEMUMS, Madame Des Granges, yellow and white Boule d'Or, Elaine. Price per 100.— A. HIGGOTT, Kempton Park Nursery, Hampton. ANTED, — CHRYSANTHEMUMS, Avalanche, Putney George, Cannell's Sunflower, Mrs, Falconer Jameson, Mrs, H. Cannell. Mr. Mathew. FUCHIAS, Mrs. E. Bennett, Madame Corneillson. MIMULUS MOS- CHATUS RUBRA. DIPLAllEXIA BRE.ARLEYANA. BIG- NON'IA GRANDIFLORA. Double MARGUERITE AURORA, TROP-EOLUM, Canariense Improved, Bedfont Rival, The Moor. CARNATIONS, .John Barnet, King of the Yellows, Lady Middleton. PINK. Souvenir de la Malmaison. VER- BENA, Lady Laugle.sbury, H. CANNELL Axn SONS. Swanley, Kent. To Gardeners, WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in Mixture, by the 100, &c. : aUo named Show Pinks. Eucliaris. Melon Seeds, Daphne indica, al'oa, and rubra; Gloxinia Bulbs, Greenhouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named GoM-Iaced Polyanthus, named Auri- culas, Tree and other Paeonies, small Oleanders, Asparagus plunosus nanus. Plumbago rosea. Lowest Trade, cash with order to FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To the Trade. ANTED, 100 Black Hamburgh VINES, 1-yr.. in ])ot9. Apply with lowest price to E. POND. The Vineries. St. Lawrence, Jersey. ANTED, an extra large Fruiting PEACH, on about 4 feet stem and 9 feet wide, not Royal George. Bellegarde, or Barrington. Pnceand full particulars to The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (.Tohn Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, Liverpool. ANTED, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES and SHALLOTS. Send Sample and price to ,T, W. BARNHAM, Fruit Salesman, Covent Garden Market, London, W,C, w w T ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN- -L.^ RAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in caues containing 60 fine liulbs, at 25,'j. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 2'is. 9d. Cases containing 100 fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs, 4s., 65., 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. 237 and 236, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C, EAV CHRYSANTHEiMUMS. — Stanstead Surprise, Mrs. Alpheu^ Hardy, Thos. Stevenson. L'Au- tomne. Miss Violet Tomlin. Miss Haggas, H. Sboeamith, Mr. F. Jameson. Stanstead White. Sunflower, and other Novelties. Descriptive Priced LIST free on application. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Chrysanthemum Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. FUCHSIAS, in 50 best and new varieties. — Strong and Well- rootef*. Cuttings. 8s. per 100 for Cash. S. MORTIMER. Swiss Nursery, Famham, Surrey. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOS, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking. Surrey. QEEDS.— Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, KJ beg to draw attention to the Low Prices of individual articles (Peas especially), and the liberality of the Collectiona at Fixed Prices as set forth in their Illustrated SEED LIST, which will be sent Free on application. All Seeds, &.C., are of the best possible quality. BEUOjSIA seed. — Box's Jubilee varieties are the best both for quality and quantity; of Singles per packet, 6t^. and Is. ; of Doubles, lOd. and Is.Gd. Collections and larger packets, also tubers, as per list, post-free with seeds. — JOHN K. BOX (for ten years J. Laing's sole partner), Seedsman and Begonia Grower, Croydon, i "IX) LARGE PLANTERS of THORN JL QUICKS.— 1 to 1} foot, 9s, [ler 1000. £40 per 100,000 ; IJ to 2 feet. Us. per lOUU, £bO per 100,000; 2 to 2^ feet, l^s. per 1000 : 2 to 3 feet, 15.s-. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000. QARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman. Stranraer, FOR SALE, a Ton of ARTICHOKE SEED. Mr, J, CAUDWELL, Holbeach Marsh, Lincslnshire, ICKSON'S IMPROVED MUSHROOM SPAWN, mo.'*t superior, now reduced to Ss. per bushel of 14 cakes. Circular with Cultural Notes and LiatofTeati- monials post-free on application. DICKSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. O END FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of O Conservatories, Greenhouses, Garden Frames. Propa- gators, and Hand-lights, post-free, for 6 stamps, to be deducted Irom first order.— CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradic-'m- of all insect pests affecting plants, without njur/ to foliage. Jars, Is. 6rf., 3s., bs. 6d. ; Tins 15s. 6d., 2bs., vos. All See Ismen and Flc-'stg, HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.B. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags: 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis, 3rf. ; 28 lb.. 6,?. 9d, ; 14lb.. 4s.; 71b., 2s. 3d. In tins. Is. each. SoleManufacturers, PHILIP HARRISand CO. (Limited), 9, BullRing,BirminEham. Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. THOMAS, Covent Garden Market. Telegraph Address, "Thomases. London." Telephone, No, 2822. See large Advertisement, p. 393. 380 THE GAEBENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [MiBCH MO, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Monday Next. .3000 Grand Bulbs of LILIII.M AlFK-iTl'M. from Jap;iii, in splendid condition, and about 3100 various imported and Engli-ih grown LILIES, comprising unuiunlly fine Bulbs of Lilium rub rum. Cruenfum album, Kruetzeri rubra vittatum. Platyphyllum longitlorum, and many others. A selection of hybrid JAPANESE IRIS, producing immense flowers, and awarded many First-cla^g Certifi- cates; a very tine collection of various IRIS, DAHLIAS, and about 1000 HARDY PLANTS and BO'LBS. MESSRS. rR(rrHEROE AND MORRIS will SELL bv AL'CTION. at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 ani 6S, Cheapside. London, E.G., on MONDAY NEXT, April I, at half-pa&t 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. The Sunbury House Collection of Orchids. SECOND and REMAINING PORTION, by order of Major Leudy, who is relinquishing their cultivation in conse- quence of ill-health. IMPORTANT UNRESERA'ED SALE. MESSRS. PROTPIERUE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, at tlieir Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TL'ESDAY, April 2. 1889, at half-past 1:3 o'Clock precisely, without reserve, the SECOND and REMAINING PORTION of this well-known Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in- cluding n large number of fine Cattleyas, in variety ; Ltelia ele- gans Warnerii, Odontoglossums, including several very strong pieces of Alexandrte, Cattleya Skinneri alba, C. aurea grandi- rtora, Cyrabidium Lowianum. Cypripediums. Maxillaria San- deriaua. Oncidiums, \'and:is, and many other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next, DENDROBIUM SPLENUIUISSIMUM GRANDIFLORUM, 12 Bulbs. '■^ new growth'?, 4 flowering Bulbs, with upwards ■ of 100 flowers. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above VALUABLE PLANT in their SALE on TUESDAY NKXT. April J. The Hadley Nursery. Barnet. NOTICE Oi' niSlPoNEMENT. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that the above Property, advertised to be offered for Public Auction, on the Premises, on Tuesday Next, April 2, is unavoidably POSTPONED FOR A SHORT TIME. Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 6'. Cheapside, B.C, VPednesdav Next. A CHOICE COLLECTION of id.oiit Suu FERNS; 500 Named CARNATIONS anrl PIC0TEE3 from an English Nursery, and other STOVE and GREF.NHOUSE PLANTS; a great variety ot English-grown LILIES anil HARDY BULBS; 2000 LILIUM AURVTU.M from Japan ; IRIS, DiHLIAS, TUBEROSES, BEGONIAS, FREESIAS, ANEMONES, GLADIOLUS, Hardy ORCHIDS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April '.i, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. STANDARD and DWARF KOSES. FRUIT TREES, EVER- GREENS ; choice CARNATIONS and PICOTEE3 in pots; CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS from an English Nursery. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Au^^tion Rooms, ;^S and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on THURSDAY NEXT April 4, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, Catalogues had at the Rooms, and ot the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.G. Friday Next. The remainin"- portion ol' tlie celebrated COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late .lohn South^ate, Esq., of :^elburne, Streatham Hill, S.W. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room*. tj7 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, April r.. :it lialf-p;ist V2 o'Clock precisely, the remaining portion of this wH!-knu\vn loll-clion, including CATTLEYAS, ODONTOtiLOSSUMS, ONCIDIUMS. &<■.. in variety. On view morning of Sale, and Cataloguea had. ' Friday Next. ESTABLISHED and IMi'OKTEU ORCHIDS, including the remaining portion of the well-known Collection of Esta- blished Orcliids formed by the late .lohn Southgate, Esq., of Streatham. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and 3I0RRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, at half-pa^t 12 o'Clock preciselv. on FRIDAY NEXT, April .5, direct IMPORTATIONS of ORCHIDS, for Sale without reserve, including 3 cases of Epidendrura bicornutum, in very fine order ; 5 cases of Sncco- labium coeleste, 2 cases of Aerides mitratum, 2 ca-se^ of Vanda Parishii, 2 case^ of anew kind of Vanda, Saccolabiums, and Aeride'*. a quantity of Dendrobiums. Odontoglos-ums. and Oncidiums. Also about 200 lots of various ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including many line Cypripediuras, in flower. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, April 9. UNRESERVED SALE, bv order of the Executors of thclato Mr. .T. H. Bath, of Manor Fin-m. North Cray. aOOO ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Important to the Trade and lnrge buyers. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 'iK. (, ai)->Hle, E.C, on TUE:^DAY. April 9, at half-past \i o'clock pFfLisely, the first portion of this pxlrnsive Col- lection. Tlie entire Collection comprises about .5000 Odonto- glonsum Alexandrie, Pescatorei, and trinmphnns, mostly imrtowered; 3000 tattli-yas, Cypripediums, Dendrobium, &c. Ou view morning of Sale, and Cataloguea had. Friday, April 12. IMPORTANT SALE of unusually ^^ell-gro\v^ ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from Messrs. W. Tliomson & Sons, of Clovenfords, to SELL by AUCTION, at tlieir Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 08, Cheapside, London. E.C, on FRIDAY, APRIL IJ. at half-pa 1 12 o'Clock precisely, a magniticeut lot of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in splendid con- dition. Amongst the plants may be mentioned several espe- cially fine Odoutoglossum Pescatorei, many in spike, with 80 flowers; a very hue lot of Cypripedium, including grande, MorganiEe. Schr6der£e. Wallisii (true), Measuresianum, Arthurianum, CEnanthum superbum, and others ; Cymbidium eburneum, grand specimen; Parishii ttrue). elegans', Cattleya labiata, autumn flonering; Ccelogyne cristata alba, LEcUa anceps Dawsouii and anceps alba, Oucidium macranthum, large plants; Dendrobium Leachianum, Vandas, Odontoglos- sum cTispum, very line plants ; Aerides Lawr-:-nce;e and Sanderianum. On view morning of Sale and Catalogues had. Streatham HUl, S-W. By order of the Exeuiitors of the late John Southgate, Esq. UNRESERVED SALE of the whole of the well-grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, many fit for exhibition. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Selborne, Leigham Court Koad. Streatham Hill, S.W.. ;t minutes' walk from Streatham Hill Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY, April 17, at 12 o'Clock precisely, in consequence of the large number of lots, the whole of the well- grown STOVE and GRKENHOUSE PLANTS, grand specimen Camellias, trained Azaleas, two magnificent Lapagerias (alba antl rosea rubrum), a large quantity of Decorative Plants, Palms, Crotons, and DricEeaas. a capital collection of Chrysan- themums, a magnificent strain of Herbaceous Calceolarias, Cyclamen, and Cinerarias; also the GARDEN RE(^UISI1E3, comprising Garden Seats, Vases. Mowing Machines, Patent Thanatophore Fumigator, and other items. May be viewed the dav prior, and morning of Sale. Cata- logues liad of Mr. SALTER, the Head Gardener, on the Pre- mises ; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapsitle, London, E.C. Wednesday Next.— (Sale No. 7902.) A COLLECTION of LILIES, comprising some of the finest varieties in cultivation; Hardy .Japanese IRIS, in great variety; :ilso lUUO Standard and Dwarf ROSES, to name, from French and English Growers; Stanilard. Pvranud. and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and CONIFERS. STdVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CARNATIONS. PICOTEES. DAHLIAS, ai^l other BORDER PLANTS, CHIONODOXAS, SPIR.T:A JAPONICA. &c. ll/f R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the atove 1>X by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Coveut Garden. W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 3, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Saie No. 7003.) Consignment of ORCHIDS, from Brazil. Received direct. 100 tine pieces of LJELIA FLAVA, on blocks; 140 CATTLEYA LABIATA, on wood; ONCIDIUM O'BRIENIANl'M, O. FORBESI GRANDIFLORUM. SOPHRoNITES GRANDI- FLORA, WARKEA TRICOLOR, STAPELOIDES, LEP- TOTES BICOLOR, &c. Also a fine Lot of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and Bud, comprising Vanda suavis, with 22 leaves and 3 spikes ; and many other fine things in Flower and Bud. MK. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, t'ovent Harden. W.C.. on THURSDAY NEXT, April i. at half-past \2 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7903.) 6000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. and other LILIES, in extra tine condition, just received from .Japan. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, aS. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. on THURSDAY NEXT, April 4. On vieM- mornin,f of Sale, and Catalogues liad. Thursday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPIJM, be^t Ivpe. MR. J. C. STEVENS will inolude in his SALE by AUCTION, at his great Rooms, :iM. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THUR.SDAY NEXT, April 4, a grand importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM (best type), just to hand in fine order from Messrs. Shuttle- Morth, Carder & Co. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Tne Valuable Collection of Orchids formed by H. J. EUCHAN, Esq. MR. .T. C. STEVENS has received instructions from H. .1. Buchan, Esq., of Wilton House, South- ampton (in consequence of the land having been bought for building), to offer for SALE, without the least Reserve, ou WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. April 10 and 11. at luilf- past 12 o'clock precisely each day, his celebrated COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, comprising. amouRSt other fine things : — Cypripedium caudatum ro- Dendrobium stratiotea seum „ Sanderianum ,, Spicerianum ,, Druryi LiBlia Hava ,, autumnalis Buchanji ,, anceps alba „ ele^^iins ,, ., Schilleriana ,, ,, alba Odontoglossumx Ruckeriana ,, polyxanthum ,, ru'fpitatiim platyglopsum Lowii ,, uobile nobilius Cattleya Schroderii Epidendrum prismatocarpum Angrpecum sewiuijicdale „ Dubuyssonii Cuelogyne crisiata alba Trichopilia crispa marginata (true) ,, suavis alha Maxillaria Snndcriana „ Hub.hii Masdevnllia Bull's Blood Besides all the leading varieties of other things. On view morning of Sale, and CatalogueB had. Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and Bud. JVIR. .}. C. tSTEVEAS brfjs to announce that -i-»X his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Uarden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, April 17, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentleman desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for this SALE wiH SE^D LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Preliminary Notice. PHAIUS TUBERCULOSUS, ( Two of our grandest HUMBLOTI. ( discoveries. ATR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions -i-'X from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, ys. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C. shortly, the above two extraordinary ORCHIDS. Collector has just arrived with a sptemlid COQ- Bignment at Marseilles, and ihe plants are expected home in a few days, Further particulars in next advertisement. Erantingham Thorpe, near Brough, East Yorkshire. IMPORTANT SALE of SPECIMEN and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, Cabinets of LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS. BOOKS on GARDENING, &c , by order of Christopher .Sykes, Esq., M P. MESSRS. HEPPER and SONS (of Leeds) are favoured with instructions from Christopher Syki-s, Esq.,M.P., to SELL by AUCTION, at Brantinglmm Thorpe, near Brough, East Yorkshire, on WEDNESDAY. April 10, commencing at 12 o'Clock prompt, his A'alnable COLLECTION of SPECIMEN and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c.. com- prising : — Odontoglossura crispum, Pescatorei, vexillarium, vexilla- riumCobbianum,Lindleyanum, gloriosum, Hallii, triumpliau<, cirrhosum, Rossi majus, tripudiaos, roseum, maculalum. Siiii- derianura, Phalsenopsis, pulchellum, grande, &c. Cattleya Gaskelliaua, Mendelii, virgiualis, Mo!-siee, Triaine, Percivaliana. chocoensis, gigas imperialis, crispa -iuperba, Waraeewic/.ia delicata, &c. Dendrobium speciosum, crassinode, cariniferum, W*aniianuiii. pulchellum, &:c. Oncidium unguiculatum, flexuosum, tigrinuni, aiiro-uiii, Forbesii, Phaltenopsis. Cypripedium insignis, purpuratum, moniliforme, clirvso- toxum, Robelenii, S:c. Lielia autumnalis. atrorubens, albida, Dayana. purpurala, anceps Sanderiana, &c. Acineta, Acropera, Ada, Anguloa, Aerides, Angru'cum. Kni^- sia, Burlingtonia, Camarotis, Calanthe, Cataaetum. Cu-lognr, cristata.Colax, Cheilanthes, Cliysis, Cymbidium, Cyrtochilum, Epidendrum, Galeandra, Haipophylium, Lycaate, Masdevallia, Maxillaria, Miltonia, Mormodes, Peristeria, Phaius. 1 lia- henopsia, Pilunina, Pleione, Saccolabium, Sarracenia, SobraliM, Sophronites, Stanhopea, Thuiila, Tricho?-ma, Tricoi>hili:i. Vanda, Zygopetalum, &c. ; also a collection of splenoi.l Ne- penthes (Pitcher phmts), Anthunum, -Echmea, Aloca^ia. &.■, A Slate Tank containing one of the finest pliints in the country of the rare Ouvirandra fenestralis (or Lattice Plain t ; a number of rare Ferns, &c. Two Cabinets containing TAl specimens of Lepidopterou-* Insects. Herbarium of dried plants, about 60 volumes ot books on Gardening, and two volumes of Stainton's Moths atti Butter/lies. The collection is in fine healthy condition, and most of the plants are suitable either for public exhibition or privntf decoration. Catalogues will be ready one week before Sale, and miy he had of the Auctioneers, East Parade. Leeds, and 12, Piccadilly, Bradford ; or of M. R. C KINGSTON, at Brantingham Thorpe, and the plants may be seen on Monday and Tuesday, April S and 9. For Sale, the Large Conservatory, 240 feet long. tiO feet wide, and lb feet high, on the south side of the Albert Hall, South Kensington, with glazed span roof adjoining. MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS- FIELD are instructed to prepare for SALE by AUCTION, in MAY, the whole of the BUILDINGS in the Grounds formerly occupied by the Royal Horticultural Society at South Kensington, inclurling the magnificent Conservatory, well adapted for a Winter Garden, and suitable for any public Pleasure Grounds, and which may be treated for by Prtvaie Contract previous to the Sale. The valuable PALMS and ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and PL.A,NTS and out-door effects will be sold on the Premises on APRIL 9. On view one week previous by Catalogui^s only, to he ob- tained of Messrs. HORNE, SON AXP EVERSFIELD, 17. Great George Street, and 81, Hasinghall Street, E.C. filPORTANT SALE of ORCHIDS, Speci- X men AZALEAS, and other GREENHOUSE and STOVE PLANT;), and GARDEN EFFECTS, on FRIDAY. April 12. 1889 (12 o'clock), at Westbonrne House. Chelti-nham, by order of the Executors of John Walker, Kst\., deceased. CATALOGUES post free of the Auctioneer, JOHN 0. VILLAR, Chelteuham. WANTED, a General NURSERY lU'SI- NESS (or Flower and Seed Shop).— Apply, H. R., 42, Clifden Road, Lower Clapton, E. Yorkshire, West Riding. On the confines of an important and tnrivuig Market Town. '"PO BK lSi)LD, as a going concern, and at a JL great sacrifice, to ensure an earlv Sale, a very Olti-eslab- lished NURSERY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS. The Premi^-s oompriseabuut oj Acres of capital Land, held at a very nioderiite rental and well stocked with useful Stuff. Witli Foreman's Cottage, Packing Burn, .1-stall Stable and Coach-house. Stone- built Olfices Jiiid Store room. The Glass Erections compri»ie 6 useful Greenhouses, efficiently heated with Hot Water, also numerous Cold Frames, mostly covered with raoviibie Glass Lights. Well supplied with Water. The Nursery is situate about 2 miles from the Town, and witliin 1 mile of a Railway Station. Satisfaclory reasons will be given for Disposal. A splendid opportunity fur acquiring a Genuini! Kusiness on exceedingly rcjisonalih' terms. The \'endor will be open to consider any reasonable offer to effect an early Sale. For furl her particulars apply to Mr. F.CARTER, Accountant, &('., Nelson Chambers, Cloth Hall Street, Hudderafield. >rABCH 30, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONTCLE. 387 To BE DISPOSED OF, FLORIST'S V,\]^\- NESS, very cheap.— Shop well litted ; Woodstock. Olil- estAblished ; improving neighbourhood. Present business sasily doubled. Cnuse ot leaving, husband deceased. Tncc. nil at £100. , ^ Apply. I.=i4. Barking Roiid. CauuinR Town, London. K. To Florists, Gardeners, and Others. TO 1?E SOLI), with immediate possession, at Great Sacrifice. Long LEASE of nearly 3 Acres of Lund, with Valuable Ranges ot Glasshouses all thoroughly Healed, and ready for immediate work. A chance seldom met with for energetic man. Six miles from Oovent Garden. W. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. OR SALE, FLOUIST and FRUITERER'S BUSINESS.- For particulars write to HORTO, 60, Gibbon Road, Nunhead. S.E. SMALL NURSEKY and CUT FLOWER BUSINESS, in Northern Suburb (6 miles from King's Cross). No opposition. Good opening for Setiis and Jobbing; suit a beginner. Price low, and immediivte possession. Address X.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41 Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. ^ Faxntorougb, Hants. TO BE LET, on LEASE, for a term of years, ft most desirable w(\lle.i VEGETABLE and FRUIT GARDEN, of about 2 acre.-*, well stocked with ■n-ell-tniined fruit trees. Contains :— Tank-house with wrought-iroii tank and pulsometer engine, with furnace, *e.; tool shed and loft over engine-house, with Riders Patent Hot Air Engine, w illi appanitvis iiiui tank : Potato and Boot -house; 2 Greeuhous-'H, \ span, U6 feet by 1(5 feet, and 26 feet by 12 feet; Poltinj; Sheds; Propagating House, span roof, about 31 feet by 11 feet ; Early Peach House. } span, iu two divisions, 100 feet by K! feet, with well-trained trees in full bearing; Melou and Cucumber-house, span roof, in three divisions, 60 feet by U feet ; a span Vinery, in four divisions, with outside frames on each aide, SCO feet by aj feet ; a similar Vinery, 200 feet by lit feet. The Vines are in full bearing: the glasshouses are of modern construction, iron-framed, with sliding glass, and an* supplied with heating apparatus and piping, long open pot and soil shed. This property has singular advantages, being on the high road to AlJershot, about J mile from Farnborough Station, L. and S. W. Railway. The whole ot the produce has been readily disposed of on the spot, thus saving cost of trans- port to market and risk of loss. The expanse of glass admits of large increase in the cultivation of fruit and flowers, and more land can be rented if required. Enquire HILL, SON, and RICKARDS, 39, Old Broad Street, E.G. B I G SALE. ITNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, FROM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR TEAKS' TENANCY. RENTS KEOULAELY PAID. THE ABO\'E ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to offer the Nursery Stock at Half Price. Buyers must book toSunningdale Station, S.W.E. CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT. South Shields and Westoe Banal Board. TENDERS are Invited for Supplying about Ninety Plain IKON TREE PROTECTORS. Particulnrs may be obtained from the imdersigned, to whom Tenders (indorsed " Tender for Tree Protectors ") must be delivered by 12 oClock, Noon, on FRIDAY. April .1. The Board does not bind itself to accept the loweit or any Tender. By order, JAMES R. WHELDON, Clerk to the Board. 74, King Street, South Shields, March 26. 1889. ORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the largest, best, most reliable and complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It consists of 112 pages of closely-printed matter, with Prices and full descriptions of all the newest and be-st Pansies, Violas. Phloxes, Pentstemons, Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks. Delphiniums, Pyrethrum. Potentillas, Auriculas, Dahlias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsi.i!=, Petunias. Begonias, Perennials. Stoveand Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c., all of which are made a leading speciality and can consequently be had better tlian anywhere else. The CATALOG-UE itself is a most useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all. and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application. JOHX FORBES, Buccieuch Nurseries. Hawick, Scotland, A. Lietze, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil, ALIETZE'S NEW CALADIUMS, • ORCHIDS, and PALM SEEDS. Price LISTS of above Post-free to all applicants from Messrs. ADOLPH V. ESSEN AXD CO., 73, Gr. Reichenstr., Hamburg, Germany. RIMR0SES.~12 distinct varieties of Double Primrose, one fiowering-plant of each for 8s. The common varieties of Double Lilac, Double White, and Double Tellow, 25. per dozen. PRIMULAS.— 50 distinct varieties of Primula, ' one flowering- plant of each for 2hs. CATALOGUES free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, NurseriM, Aberdeen. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER. DERBYSHIRE, Tiegx to infnrm the renders o/ this Paper that he i^ pre- pared to execute Orders for the /o lion- ing Plants, c^l"/ H'hich are of the vert/ finest strains that mone^ ■cnn but/. Thgy have all been groicn on the Derbyshire hills, and are hardy and strong. Carriage free. Cash with order. Di-scri/jtii^e L/iSr 4d., free to custonters. PANSIES A GREAT SPECIALTY.— Five Silver Cups and other Pri/i'S awanled during 1887. Probably the best collection in Eiiglnnd. The cream only of the most noteii niiser ; the Iiiti-^l ii.w sorls ; and the winners at all the greut shows. Good Phuity. correctly named, show or fancy, lli for S.-;., 25 for 5s.6(i., free; also Seed from above, Is. and 2s. Qd. per packet. PHLOX (Special Culture).— The cream only ; from Downie, Laird & Son, Kelway, Ware, and other first-class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s. : 12 for 3s., true to name. Strong stools to bloom well, 100 in 60 varieties for 20s. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— V_^ Strong layers, to bloom well, finest named varieties, V2 distinct colourw for 4,^. ; 25 for 7s. tirf. Also seed from aV-ov, l5. and 2s, tirf. per packet. OLYANTHUS and PRIMROSE.— Hybrids, Jack in the Green, Hose in Hose, and other rare and curious forma; splendid, mixed colours, finest strain grown, 12 for Is. 6d. : 25, 2s. Gd. ; 100. 9s. ; all good blooming plants. Also seed from above. Gd. and Is. per pocket. ELPHINIUMS, in all the colours found in this deservedly popular class of border plants. Strong plants to bloom well. 6 for Is. 6rf. ; 12, 2j. lirf. Also seed from above, Gd. and Is. per packet. HE beautiful pure White and Pink "M ALVA MOSCHATA, one of the best h;irdy, border plants in cultivation, strong 2-yr. old plants, 12 for Is. 6'^ ; 2.5. 2s. 6rf. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Grand new colours and new forms, double and single Telescopes, Cup and Saucer, and other varieties, 12 plants, to bloom well. Is. 6rf. ; 25. 2s. 6rf. Also seed from above. Gd. and Is. per packet. PRIMULA CORTUSOIDES. — A grand spring flower (hardy). Gardening pipers say it would be difficult to find a more beautiful plant for the rockery, greenhouse, or window, than this, 4 for Is.; 12, 2s. HOLLYHOCKS.— Double- named varieties, 6 for 2s. 6d., 12 for 4s., free ; also seed from above. Is. and 2s. 6d. per packet. f'^ANCY PANSIES (Unnamed).— Six for Is., 12 for Is. 9d., 25 for Ss., 100 for IDs. ; all different, and first-class sorts. ___^^^^_^___^^ AQUILEGIA.— Three splendid varieties of this deservedly-popukir hardy border plant. Sibirica, double blue, glandnlosa (Grigor'-;). blue sepals, while corolla; and graudiflora. the largest pure white; 1 each. Is.; 3 each, 2s. ; good blooming plants. OLLY HOCKS .—Warranted double (Chater's;, fine select strain; 12 varieties for 2s. 6^/., 6, Is. 6rf. H pARNATlONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES. V-/'— Strong plants from finest varieties only, including many new sorts. Will give a mass of bloom ; 12 beautiful varieties for 2s. 6rf. ; 6. Is. M. ; 100. 15s. POLYANTHUS.— The beautiful pure white Snowdrift ; 6 good plants for Is. ; 12. Is. Gd. ; 50, 5s. ARMERIA ALBA.— Fine white, spring flowering plant, suitable for edging, 6 for Is. ; 12, Is. Gd. '^rHE NEW DOUBLE SCARLET GEUM.— -L Hardy, free bloomer, strong 2-yr. old plants, 12 for Is. 6rf. : 25. 2s. 6rf. IRIS (rivals of the famed Orchids).— Selections from germanica, sibirica, and palida, three distinct varieties, for Is. ; 6 extra, 2s. FOXGLOVES, Gloxinia-flowered.- Dean's grand new, large spotted varieties, very fine, 12 for Is.Gd., 6 for Is. ; also seed from above, 6d. and Is. per packet. PYRETHRUMS, Double and Single.— One of the best hardy border plants in cultivation, and for cut flowers a gem ; 3 varieties. Is. ; ti extra. 2s., named. TOMATOS.— The three best sorts in cultiva- tion. Abundance, Perfection, and Favourite— see Chiswick Great Tomato Trial ; 3 plants of each for Is. Gd.; 6 each, 2s. 6d. RIMULA CASHMERIANA.— Splendid, hardy, mauve-coloured fpring-tiowering plant. 2 for Is. OLLECTION OF 12 HARDY BORDER PLANTS, distinct and useful for decoration and cutting purposes for 2s. COLLECTION OF \2 VARIETIES OF SHOWY, FREE-FLOWERING, and other WINDOW PLANTS for 2s. STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— Selected Crowns for fruiting this yor. Black Prince, Eriti^Ji Queen, Pauline, Sabreur, Viscomiea . H. I'eThury. Duke of Edinburgh, King of the Earlies, The Capiain, and other new and extra ports, 3s. per ICO. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, BELPEB. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. JUBILEE YEAR. To celebrute the .SOtli year of tliis Institution the Committee will place on the Pension List the whole of the tInsuccesBful Candidates at the late Election, Seventeen iu nvimber, upon the exprens understanding that the sum of £3000 be realised, in order to provide for the great Extra Annual Expense ttuis entailed, without trenching on the Reserved Funds. JUBILEE FESTIVAL, iT The " ALBION," Aldersgate Street, JUNE 13, 1889, LEOPOLD DE KOTHSCHILD. Esq.. In the Chair. Donations and Collections already ]ii-omised or sent towards the Jubilee Collection of 1889: — £ s. d. LEOPOLD DE KOTHSCHILD, Esq., I'liairniBii ... lo.i 0 U The DUKE ot \VE.ST.MI.NSTER, K.U., PiesiJeiit ... lOIJ 0 U Tho DUKE ot BEDFORD, K.O. 100 0 0 The EARL ot DERBY, K (i 21 (I U Huron HENRY SCHRODER, Vlce-Preiideiit ,,. 10,i 0 0 Messrs. ROTHSCHILD iMi SONS 105 0 0 Lord REVELSTOKE 52 10 0 JAMES MCINTOSH. Esq., Vice-President, 6'i 10 0 N. N. SHERWOOD. Esq. (Hurst & Sou), Trustee ... 62 10 0 H. B. MILDMAY, Esq., Berkeley Square 52 10 0 HERBERT J. ADAMS, Esq., Vice-President ... 20 fi 0 HARRY J, VEITCH, Esq., Treasurer 20 5 0 C. CZARNIKOW, Esq., Efflngham Hall, Dorkiug... 21 0 « A. A. SILLEM, Esq., Sydenham 10 10 0 J. F. TIARCK, Esq., Chialehurst 10 10 0 JOHN LEE, Esq.. Kensington (Trustee) 10 10 0 THAMES BANK IRON CO., Upper Ground Street 10 10 0 J. H. VEITCH. Esil.. Chelsea 10 10 0 ARTHUR J. VEITCH, Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 THOMAS MANNING, Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 Mrs. H. J. VBITCH. Redcliff Gardens, S.W. ... 10 10 u B. S. WILLIAMS, Esq., Upper Holloway, N, ... 10 10 0 Mr. C. W. BUCK, Covent Garden ^ 5 u Mr. E. R. CUTLER. Secretary 1" 10 U Messrs. JOHN LAING AXD SON. Forest Hill ... .1 5 0 Messrs. WEBBER AND CO., Covent Garden ... 5 .'. u Mr. A. PLUMMER. Seedsman. Staines 4 4 0 Mr. R. H. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Hcversham, Milntliorp 7 7 0 Mr. JOHN CROOK, Gardener, Farnhorough ... 8 5 0 Mr. EDWARD MITCHELL, Gr., Bolton Lodge, Leeds 10 10 0 Mr. W. R. HODGES. Gardener, Coidev Dene. Hiphgate 1" 10 0 Mr. E. GILKERT, The Gardens, Old Cliarlton, Kent 1 15 0 Mrs. VINCENT NICHOLL. Red Hill 2 2 0 \V. .L BROWN, Esq 1 1 0 Miss CATTLEY, Clayden, Edeubridfie. Kent ... 2 2 0 ROBERT HOGG, Esfi., LL.D., Vice-President ... 10 10 0 RICHARD CHRIMES, Esq., Rotherham 21 0 11 Messrs. NU'lTING AN'D SON, Southwark Street ... 10 10 0 Mr. WM. COLLINS, Gr., Chios House, Clapham Park 10 10 0 Mr. WM. WILDSMITH. Hecktield Gardens ... 110 Messrs. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Eietcr Street... 5 6 0 Mr. H. E. TILLMAN, Covent Garden 3 3 0 Mr. S. E. KAY'. Finchley ...' 2 2 0 Messrs. DICKSON, The Nurseries, Chester 10 10 0 Mr, GEORGE MONRO, Covent Garden 10 10 0 Messrs, BARR AND SON, King Street, Covent Garden 2 2 0 Mr, W. S, JOHNSON, St. Martin's Lane 6 5 0 Mr. J. C. STEVENS, King Street, Covent Garden ,,. 5 5 0 Messrs, CUTBUSH ANI> SON, Nurseries, Highgate.,, 6 5 0 Mr. J. ROBERTS. Tlie Gardens, Gunner^bury ... 10 10 0 Mr B. WADDS, Birdsall Gardens. York 110 Mr, G, WYTHES, Syon Gardens, Brentford 110 Mr, W, DENNING, Nurseries, Hampton 110 Mr, J, WALKER, Whitton, Hounslow 2 2 0 Mr. PETER BLAIR, The Gardens, Trentham ... 110 Messrs. H. AND A.TURNER, Royal Nurseries, Slougli 1(110 0 Mr W. C. LEECH, Albury Gardens, Guildford (annual) 110 Miss OSBORN, Streatham .13 0 Mr. W. BROWN, Merivale Gardens, Atherstone ,.. 2 2 0 Mr. THOS. S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries. Tottenham 2 2 0 Mr. PEARMAN, Salmon's Garden. Chislehurst ... 10 10 0 Messr-. JACOBWRENCHANDSONS.LondouBridge 5 6 0 Messrs. HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, Hart Street. Covent Garden 5 5 0 Messrs.THOMSON AND SONS. Nurseries. Wimbledon 2 2 0 Mr H J. CLAYTON. Grimston Gardens. Tadcaster 110 Lord CALTHORPE 10 10 0 Messrs SAYNOR, COOKE AND RIDAL, SbefBeld... 110 Sir JULIAN GOLDSMID, Bart., M.P 10 10 0 Mr. W. CHAPMAN, Hawk's Y'ard Gardens, Rugeley 3 10 0 Mr. C. SHEPPARD, Great Glenham Gardens, Sax- mundham 0 10 6 Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Somerley Gardens, Ringwood 0 10 6 Mr] KINDALL, Templeton Gardens, Roehampton 10 10 0 Mr WILES. Unsted Gardens, Godalming 10 10 0 Messrs. JOHN PARKER AND SON, Nurseries. Northampton 5 5 0 CUTHBERT E. PEEK. Esq.. Kousden 10 10 0 WILFRED PEEK. Esq.. Rousden 10 10 0 Mr. A. J. LONG. Westwood Gardens, Droitwicb... 10 10 0 The Rev, W, WILKS. Shirley Vicarage. Croydon (annual) 110 Mr, LOUIS VAN HOUTTE, Ghent 2 2 0 Messrs F HORSMAN and CO,, Colchester (annual) 110 Sir TEEVOK LAWRENCE, Bart,. M.P., Vice-Pres. 21 0 0 388 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 30, 1889. C H E A L S' DAHLIAS. CELEBKATED STRAIN OF SINGLES, CACTUS, POMPON, and SHOW varieties, &o. NEW DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, DOW ready, containing a beautiful Coloured Plate of new varieties, post-free. J. C H E A L & SONS, CRAWLEY. TEA SCENTED CHINA ROSE, MAY RIVERS. Report of the Royal Horticultural Society, April, 1, 1883, when a Firetrclaaa Certificate was awarded : — "May Rivers is a Tea Rose, with large and deep blossoms, the outer petals creamy white, centre clear lemon-yellow." Stong plants ready May Ist, Ss. each. THOMAS RIVERS &: SON, Sawbrldgeworth. FRUITING VINES & FIGS. Thoroughly ripened Canes and Trees, to fruit this year. PAKTICULAES ON APPLICATION. DICKSONS Royal Kurseries, CHESTER. (Limited). SEEDS, Vegetable, Flower, and Farm, CAEEFULLY SELECTED, AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVER YET ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NURSERYMEN, WORCESTER. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white skin. It is one of the heaviest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- taker. SEED POTATOS. Ail the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for varioun pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in the Trade. JOHK WATKINS, Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withing- ' ton, Hereford. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free, BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. DANIELS' SPECIAL STRAINS The following have been grown specially for our retail trade, and are recommended as the verj' tineat strain! pro- curable for exhibition or decorative purposes ; — THE BEST ASTERS. DANIELS' IMPROVED VICTORIA, Large, beautifully imbricated flowers of the most splendid form and colour : — s. d. An assortment of 16 distinct varieties 12 „ 8 „ Choicest mixed seed, per packet, Qd. and Is. THE BEST STOCKS. DANIELS' LARGE-FLOWERED TEN-WEEK. Magnificent strain of beautiful double flowers, very highly recommended : — An assortment of 24 superb varieties 18 „ 13 6 „ Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6rf. and 1*. PANSY, DANIELS' PRIZE BLOTCHED. A grand strain of large and most beautifully blotched and coloured flowers. Very choice mixed seed ... per packet, 1j. 6d. and PHLOX DRUMMONDI GRANDIFLORA, A highly improved strain of large, brilliantly- coloured flowers ;^ An assortment of 12 splendid varieties Choicest mixed seed, per packet. Gd. and Is. ZINNIA ELEGANS, NEW GIANT DOUBLE, A grand, new strainof magnificiently-coloured large double flowers : — An assortment o£ 8 superb varieties Choicest mixed seeds, 6d. and Is. y b 6 4 6 3 0 DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS and NURSERYMEN, NORWICH. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d, par cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AHD SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, filKheate Nurseries. N. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN INSPECTION FROM INTENDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight stems, fine heads, ajtd splendid roots. All have been transplanted within wo tjears : — ACACIA BESSONLANA. 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPEKFLO- RENS. 12 to 14 feet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 fe«t; A. DASYCARPUM WIERH LACINIATA. 10 to 14 feet; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards. 8 to 10 feet; A. LEO- POLDII. 12tol4feet; A. REITENBACHII, 12 to 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERII. 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYII. Standardj, 12 to 14 feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple, Pyramids and Standard.^, 10 to 16 feet. BIECH, Silver. 12 to 16 feet. CHESTNUT. Horse, U to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet, 12 to 16 ft-et; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey, 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 fe«t. LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English. 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet ; PLANES. 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA. 10 to 16 fe«t ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety). 13 to 16 fe«t ; SYCAMORE, Common, 14 to 16 feet ; Purple. 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 fe«t. WALNUTS, Common. 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH. Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weeping. Pyramids. 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, Englinh, Staudards. lu to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping. Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDULA, Standards, 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKCKO. SURREY. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named viirieties. Also collection.'^ of same in 12, 18, and 24 sorts. Liat of Names free by post, ou upplicatiou. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchuuts. Exeter Street. Strand, London, W.C. SHIRLEY POPPY. NEW and very lovely ; invaluable for Table Decoration. No garden ehould be without tliis charming flower. Sow at once. 1 J. per packet. THOS. BUTCHEK, Seed Mercliant, CROTDON. VERBENAS.— Strong, healthy, well-rooted Cuttings, in choice varieties, Soarlet. White, Purple, Pink, &c. ; 05. 6d. per 100, 45s. per 1000, carriage free, for Cash with Order. LAWS AND SONS, Nurseries, Beccles. UKE OF ALBANY POTATOS (by some advertised as White Hebrons), 10 ton3. The best Early White Round Potato grown. Also White Elephant. Old Ash- leaf, Red Bogs, and Dalmahoys, all fresh from Scotland la-it year. Fidler's Reading Giant. Perfection, and Bountiful— seed direct from raiser; also Mona's Pride and Magnums. Bushel of each, 45s. ; pack of each, 15s. ; free on rail. Send for LIST. 75 tons in all. WM. STANDRING, Auctioneer. Epworth, Doncaster. FRUIT TREES, SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPLES. PEARS. PLUMS. OHERRtES, PEACHES, NECTARINES, APRICOTS, and other FRUIT TREES, aa Standards, Dwarfs, Pyramids, Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. VINES, excellent Canes, 3s. id., bs., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d. Orchard House Trees in pots. PEACHES, APRICOTS, NEC- TARINES. &c.. from 5s. FIGS from 3j. 6d. DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation, Soil. Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment under Glass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size, Form, Skin. Colour, Flesh, Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c. , free by poat. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock ia now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogae of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, THB miBSERIES, SA\yBRrDOEWORTH HERTS. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glaes covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. A GRAND EARLY POTATO. EARLY WHITE HEBRON. A white sport from the weU-kno\^^l Beauty of Hebron, the finest First Early Potato in the world. Very early, enormously productive, and of splendid cooking quality. This is a most valuable variety for Market Growers. Price, 2s. Qd. per peck. 8x. 6rf. bushel, 14s. cwt., £10 ton. Orders value 20s. carriage free. Illustrated POTATO CATALOGUE gratia to allapplicanU. DANIELS BROS., Seed Growers, NORWICH. O R C H I D SI Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c., to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with reinittanoe, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER AVILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE, Special care given In packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. FERNS A SpTcIALTY. The finest, most varied, clioice, and interesting Collection in the Trade. 14U0 species and varieties of Stove, Greeuhouae, & Hardy Ferns. Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application. Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), coutHiuing 120 Illustra- tions, and much valuable information ou the t'ultivatiou o( Ferns, Is, 6rf. post-free. W, & J. BIRKENHEAD, lEKN NUKSKKV. SALE, MANCHESTER. Mabch 30, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' GERONICLE. 389 LAWSON'S FIELD ROOT SEEDS. PETER LAWSON &10N, Limited. WHOLESALE SEED G H 0 AV E R S AND MERCHANTS, EDINBURGH, Will be glad to send, upon application, Special Offer* of their Selected Stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW, HYBRID, & WHITE-FLESH TURNIP SEEDS. Also their Superior Stocks of MANGEL WURZEL SEEDS, All of which usually give much satisfaction to their Constituents. G SPECIAL OFFER to the TRADE.— SEED PEAS, oonsistinsof Little Gem. Triumph. Yorkshire Hero, nod Ne Plus Ultra— all good stocks and carefully handpicked. SEED POTATOS— Sutton's Early Ashleat and Early ReRent. Snowdrop. Queen of the ^'alley. Beauty of Hebron, Adirondack, Imperator, aud The Doctor. For samples and prices apply to GEORGE ELSOM. Seed Grower, Spalding. Lincolnshire. PELARGONIUM~"ZONAL LILLIPUT— PRESIDENT AUG. VAN GEERT. Beautiful novelty, with large flowers, lovely double white, colouring towards the centre in strong carmine ; golden foliage. Price : each 45. ; six plants. I6s. ED. PYNAERT. Ghent, Belgium. JAPANESE LILIES.— EIGHT LOVELY KINDS.— Carters' Case of 50 fine Bulbs, na imported from the Japanese Bulb Farms. Price 2hs.. sent packing and carriage free to any Rriilway Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 2Zs. 9d. Full names of the eight varieties on application to CARTERS'. Koyal Seedsmen, 237 and 238, High Holbom, London. W.C. POD 1-yr. old ASPARAGUS PLANTS, in large quantities, very cheap. J. A!tD R. MASON. East Greenwich. 9.E. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. HRISTMAS ROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 12s. HEPATICA ANGULOSA, 3s. per doz., Single Blue, 2^. ; Double Blue, 18s. ; Single Pink, 3s. ; Double Pink, 25. ; Single White, 3s. One flowering-plant of each free by po«it for '2s. 9d. MOPJilSON BROTHERS. Nurseries, Aberdeen. Qf) Ai)A CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the ^yj^yjyjyj finest DouWe and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into Scinch pots, 2s. 60. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6rf. each. Descriptive LIST onapplication.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Kurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman. Richmond, Surrey. OINSETTIA CANES or EYES. Large quantity for sale. Address, GARDENER. Mr. Cobb. Seedsman. Sunderland. SPARAGUS.— This delicious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. F&r direction see Illustrated Seed List. free. Strong Roots. 2s, 6d. per 100.— RICHARD SMITH asd CO.. Worcester. A few Large Eealtby Palms. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, LATANIA BORBONICA. CHA3I.ER0PS EXCELSA and PHCENIX RECLINATA. 3 to 6 feet high, from 10s. per pair. GARDENER. Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill. London. N. ORNER'S SWEDE.— For Sale, about 800 bushels. The finest Sirede in cultiration. Seleeted and grown by Advertiser for many years. Noted prirft-wiMMer whenever exhibited. Address SWTIDE. 6. Victoria Street. Bristol. REES and SHRUBS for Game^overs asd Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on appli/^ation.— RICHARD SMTTH AKS CD., Niirserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. EGONIAS.— Very choice, single, 4s. do?., 28s. per 100; extra fine, ."is. doz., 36s. p«r 100; fiB« mixed, 3s. doz.. 21s. per 100. CATALOGUES Tree. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Tsoril, RALIA SIEBOLDI SEED.— Fresh berries, at very cheap price* by the pound. H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau. To the Trade. Choice Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make • special low offers of their exceptionally fine Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1888 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and further particulars may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbeach. OBERT NEAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth. S.W.. bogs to call the attention of Gentlemen and others Planting, t« ]i is large and varied stock of FOREST and ORNAMENTAL TKEES, also FRUIT TREES. SHRUBS. ROSES, and CLIMBING PLANTS. &c., which are in fine condition for transplanting, and being gro^-n near London, are especially adapted for Town and Suburban Plant- ing. Also RHUBARB for Forcing. All goods delivered free by own vans within a radius of 6 miles. CATALOGUES free on application, and a personal inspec- tion of the stock solicited. GORDON, Immense Stocks of ORCHIDS ; • best value and cheapest house in the Trade. The best cut, of ORCHID PEAT in commerce; selected turves, 1 bushel 2s., 3 bushel sack, 5s., carriage forward. LILIES. Enormous Importations, Silver Banksian Medal, Silver Medal, National Chrysanthemum Society, 1888. LILIUM AURATUM, Imported Bulbs, 4rf., 6rf., 9d., Is., each; 20s., 30s., 50s., 60s., per HX). Home-grovra bulbs, 9rf., Is.. Is. 6d.. 2s. each, Carriage Free. Special Trade quotiition for quantities. JAPANESE MAPLES, Silver Banksian Medal. TREE PEONIES, 7 Fir-it-class Certificates. ,. IRIS, most gorgeous. 4 First-class Certiflcatea. CATALOGUE of the above on application to The Nurseries. Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • special quotation for their fine selected stocke of home- grown MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS of 1888 growth, and raised from picked bulbs. The growth is strong, and the prices will be found very reasonable. Samples may be had on application Seed Growing Eetablishment, Wisbech. REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AWD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double Vdrieties, Is., 2g. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate, os. Gd.; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12*. to 31s. per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; •hoicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz.; Unnamed, very choice, 24«. and 30s. per dor. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia. Growers, Forest Hill, S.E, ARTLAND'S DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS, varieties "Anemonffiflora" and "Soleil d'Or," the former having a yellow An em one- flowered flat and frilled centre, with the outer florets or guard-petals extended, and known in English gardens as mvHiflorys plenus. Plants, eacii 9d. ; post-free, 3d. extra. The new plant, or "Quilled term." is bright orange, and the outline that of a Cactus Dahlia, the A. W. Tait type ; and, to prevent confusion in the t«rm "plenus," designated by me as ''Soleil d'Or," or the Irish Quilled flower. Each, Is. (id.; extra size, 2s. 6d., post-free. Elnatrationa of both forms, as drawn by Gertrude Hartland. can be had for a stamped envelope. I have been instrumental in getting diitinctions for the first time observed by Engliih iiorists in their Catalogues. Trade price on application. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 34, Patrick Street. Cork. OSES ! ROSES 1 ! ROSES 1 1 1— The best and cheapest in the World, 40 choiee Perpetuals for 21s. Purchaser's selection from 400 beat variefciea. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten aeres ri Rosei, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower. Exeter. IVIES.— Irish Ivy, very fine, in pot«, neatly staked and tied, b feet, 6 feet, and 7 feet hiah. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Riehmcmd, Surrey, and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. 'piIE SECOND ELECTION. -*• FIVE CHILDREN to be Elected to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of 5.s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July 10 next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.C. All applications must be made on a proper printed Form, copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY, April 20, 1889. A. F. Babbon, Hon. Seo. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, W. To tliR TrS-dfi SELECT LIST of Perennials, Biennials, and Choice Florist's Flowers, just published ; and also AGRICULTURAL SEED CATALOGUE, which may be had free on application to WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENIAS.— We have some splendid large plants, from 2 to 4 feet high, good bushy stuff, well set with bloom buds, price 5s., 10s. and 15s. each. The best sort% in cultivation. EUCHARIS AMAZONTCA. in 10 and 12-inch pots, full of fine flowering bulbs, with clean dark healthy foliage, los. and 12s. Hrf. per pot. GLOIRE DE NANCY CARNATION.— Rooted Layers of this grand White Clove-scented Carnation, 30s. per 100 ; 65. per dozen. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction, To the Trade. SEED POTATOS HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unusually low this season, and may be had on applioation. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Cheap Bedding Plants.— Special Offer. WILLIAM BADMAN offers as under, from store pots, all well rooted, and fit for present potting. The present is a good time for making up losses sustained during the winter :- VERBENAS, Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, Rose, 6s. per 100 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per 100. LOBELIA, Bluestone, pumila mflgnifica, Brighton Blue, Zt. per 100. CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem, 6s, per 100; Camden Hero, fine dark. 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE, Jaun d'Amour. Miss Nightingale. 6s. per 100. AGERATUM, Imperial Dwarf, blue, 5s. per 100. COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 8s. per 100. IRESINE LINDENir. dark crimson, good bedder, 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUM, Vesuvius, finest bedding -carlet, 8s. per 100; Master Christine, Mrs. Levers, Jenny Dodds, best pinks, 125. per 100; Henri Jacoby, best crimson, 12s. per 100 ; Madame Vaucher. Niphetos, white, 12s. per 100; Queen of the Belgians, finest white, 3s. per doz., 20s, per 100 ; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, Jean Sisley, White Vesuvius, John Gibbons, 12s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED, May Queen (Turner's), Princess Alex- andra, Flower of Spring, Little Trot, Prince Silverwingi, Lady Plymouth. 12s. per 100. GOLD-LEAF, Crystal Palace Gem, Happy Thought. 12s, per 100. BRONZE, McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, best bedders, 1.5s. per 100. TRICOLOR, Mrs. Pollock. 15.?. per 100; Sophia Dumaresque, Lady Cullum, Sir R. Napier, 18s, per 100. DOUBLES, F.V. Raspail, finestscarlet; Madame Thibaut, pink; Madame Baltet, Le Cygne, white, 12s. per 100. TROP.^OLUM, Vesuvius, Coccinea elegans, 10s, per 100. FUCHSIAS, in 12 good named varieties, 8s, per 100. PELARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, from single pote, Za. per dozen. 20s. per 100. Note.— Not fewer than twenty-five of any one eort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nurseries, Gravesend, S.E. ABBAGE PLANTS, Autnmn Sown, Shil- ling's Queen, Early Rainham, Drumhead, Savoy, 2«. M. p&i 1000, 45s. per 20,000, packed ; 100. free, Is, 3rf, King COfl, Bath Cos LETTUCE. Aigburth Bruesells Sprout*, is. per 1000, packed; 100. free. Is. eoT Strong FLOWER PLANTS— Wall- Sower*, dark Red, Purple, Brown, Yellow; Sweat Williams, Papavera, Pyrethrums, Dianthus, 3s, per 100, Mi. per 1000, packed; Is. per dozen, free. EDWARD LEIGH, Oranleigh, Surrey, N B — Few hundred Early London CAUXTFLOWUt PLANTS, 3j. per 100, free, RED CABBAGE and TRIPOLI ONIONS, Is. 6rf. per 100, free. STANDARD TRAINEa) PLUMS ^ CHERRIES, fine fruiting trees ; FRUIT TREES in Pote, GRAPE TINES, FIGS, ASPARAGUS. SEAKALE, STRAW- BERRIES, LIST free. ^^WnX TATLER, Osborn Nursery. Hampton, Mlddleiei. 390 TEE GARDENERS' CRRONIGLE. [Mahch 30, 1889. DANIELS' LIST OF CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS Our collection of these includes all the newest and most beautiful varieties in culti- vation, and Customers ordering from^ the following list may rely on only the finest sorts being sent. The plants are strong and healthy, and in nearly all instances from single pots : — Post or Carriage Free at Prices quoted. ■ Per dozen. ^s. il. ABUTILONS. in beautiful variety, to name, 6 for 2/6 4 6 ANTHEMIS PALLIDA, the beautiful hardy Margue- rite, 3 for Is. 3ed wut i'ut-. o\'t t \\ enty-tive year.^. and found them everything that could be desired. Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon, write ;— " Your Pots are light and strong ; first-class colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a quarter of a century." Messrs. Pearson & Sox. Chilwell Nurseries. Notts, write :— " Have always found tliem thorouehly satisfactory in every way ; we may et-pecially congratulate you on the improvement m:ide the ia-«t year or two." Mr. W. BuLL, .531). King's Road. Chelsea. London, writes :— " For nearly thirty years now I have been using your pot ■ — -^ '-" ■^•~'' " **'■■ '- * ■^"-^ " you have and still tind them the best and cheapest." THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. Feom To W. RICHARDS, Please send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" commencing , for which 1 enclose P. 0.0 for 41, Wellinqton Stebbt, Stband, LONDON, W.C. 1889. Months. (^^^ Please Note that all Copies Sent Direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. ^^^ THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, los. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Mouths. 3s. 'Jd. ; Post-free. FOliEIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17«. 6d. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19«. 6rf. B«ceipts for less than six months' subscriptiou will not be sent unless specially asked for- P.0.0. to be made payable at the Post Office, M. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Chequef should be croited " DRUMMOND." G. C. march 30, X889. 392 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 30, 1889. SUTTON'S IMPROVED TELEGRAPH CUCUMBER. Undoubtedly the finest type of Telegraph Cucumber in cultivation, quick in growth, of handsome shape, very small neck, and un- usually prolific. Valuable for exhibition, and we know of no Cucumber more suitable for general use. " Cucumber for Exhibition. — Sutton's Improved Telegraph is a firatrrate variety, and has good credentials as an exhibition Cucumber.— GEORGE POTTS, Jan."— " Gardening World,'' January 28, 1888. Mr. J. HOWARD. Gardener to T. G. Robinson, Esq. " Your Improved Telegraph Cucumber is the best I have ever grown. I cut 338 from the first week in May till the last week in November, They were from 18 to 24 inches long, and I cut the lot from five plants." Per Packet, 1/6 and 2/6, Post-free. Sutton'sSeeds CENUIHE ONLY FROMSUTTONISONS, READING. Orders value SO,-;, carriage free. ECONOMY IN THE GARDEN. SEEDS. SEEDS. SEEDS. A SAVING of 15 to 20 per Cent, maybe effected by Purchasing your Season's Supply at " Stores' BARNES' GREAT EASTERN COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, f'°- 63/- 42/- 30/- 21/- 10/6- 7/6- 6/- 2/6- 1/2-. Package and Carriage Free tor Cash with Order. The "Guinea" Collection 12 pints Peas 4 ,. Beans, Broad li ,, Beans, French 1 ,, Beans. Runner 1 packet Beet Borecole Brussels Sprouts Broccoli 1 1 3 3 1 ,, Savoy 3 Ounces Carrot 2 packets Cauliflower 3 ,. Celery 1 ,, Couve Tronchuda 4 ounces Cress, Plain 1 packet Cress, Australian 2 packets Cucumber 1 ,, Endive 1 ,, Gourd 1 ,, Leek 3 ,, Lettuce 4 ounces Mustard 1 packet Melon 3 ounces Onion 1 packet Parsley 2 ounces Parsnip 4 ,, Radish 3 ,, Spinach 3 „ Turnip 1 packet Vegetable Marrow Her^i 1 „ Tomato 1 ,, Capsicum Any sorts not required can be omitted, and others to value may be selected. PRICED CATALOGUES GRATIS. J. E. BARNES (16 years Managing-Assistant at Messrs. Daniels'), WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEEDSMAN, THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. BEAUTIFUL Velvet Lams IS 8 TO 12 WEEKS. Vide Carters' Pamphlet upon the Manageinont of Laums and Laum Tennis Grounds^ post-free. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN GRASS. PRICES— CABRiir.K Free. Per lb. Per bushel. Perpkt. For newly-formed Lawnsl/3 25/- I . ,_ For Tennis Grounds . . 1/- 20/- \ j g^ g ,g For repairing old Lawns 1/3 25/- ) Seedsmen by Rovai. Sealed Warrants. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. V Tbe Beat Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post>free 55. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. ttABCH 30, 188'9.] ^BE GARDENEBS' CUB ONI CLE. 393 WEBBS'SEEDS BRUSSELS SPROUTS. Webbs' Matchless.-Krt-ly. rubu-t. ami i.'t -ujiTiur 11 .vour. Tlie bf^t varit ty for g>>neral u-e or exhibition. Gd. aud 1^. per Packet, pi^st-frei*. CARROT. Webbs' Market Favourite— A haiHisome variety. inuispeiiMiMi' ur early use. ami a spleiitiid keet>er. 1>-. yt'r ()iiiiL'e, p,i^t-free. CABBAGE Webbs' Emperor.— The best variety for (leiieriil use. .Vwanle I First Pri/,e9 at tlie leading shows. 6/. and lv. per Pai-ket post-free. CUCUMBER. Webbs' Stourbridge Gem.— a cross b.twoeu Prince ul Wale^t niul Telef^raph, a free setter, and very prolitic. !>. 6 /. and 2--. 6'/. per Packet, post-free. WEBBS'SEEDS LETTUCE, Webbs' New Exhibition. -This new Cos \arieiy is of strong hu! compact habit; splendid quality. Is. per Packet, post-free. ONION, Webbs' Banbury. — The fiuest mnin crop \ ariety ; uuequalled for exhibition. 6i. and Is. per Packet, post-free. PEA, Webbs* Wordsley Wonder. — The best early blue wrinkled marrow in the world. 3*. 6^- per Quart, post-free. PEA, Webbs' Chancellor.— Unequalled for the main crop or exhibition purposes. 3s. per Quart, post-free. WEBBS'SEEDS WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE, Beautifuily lUustnited ; post-free, l?., gratis to Cu-'tomers. ABRIDGED EDITIOX. Gratis and post-free. WEBB&SONSWORDSLEYSTOURBRIDCE' KELWAY & SON. Now is the time to plant : — GLADIOLI, of which we grow 20 acres. P.EONIES. do. do. 5 ,, PYRETHRUMS, Jo. do. 3 „ DELPHINU'.MS. Jo. do. 3 ., GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 " The largest collection in the world," for which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Eoyal Botanic Societies of London have been given. See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free. LAN GP CRT, SOMERSET. VEITCH'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. The Finest in Cultivation. AMARYLLIS, VEITCH'S HYBRID. Saved from tlie m \i;niliceut collection grown :.it our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 2s. 6d. CALCEOLAHIA, International Prize Strain. L'n urpas ed for -i/e, ^Ii:ipe. and substance of llower-. Per packet, 23. 6d. CARNATION, FINEST DOUBLE, Saved from our uneijualli^-i collection of all th- tine-t varieties ; likely to produce many new beautiful sorts. Per packet, 2s. 6d CINERARIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Flowers of lar^e si/-e, circular form, ^'e-it -.ubstance, and mos* brilliunt colours. Per packet, 23. 6d. GLOXINIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Saved from the mii-initii'pnt collection gxoivn at our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 28. 6d. PRIMULAS, VEITCH'S. Red, White, and Mixed. These are the liueit in ridtiv.ition. ami were awarded a First-class Certificate by the Roval Horticultural Society for superior quality. EaCh, per packet, 2S. 6d. ror fj'U descriptioTtsof the above and other Choice Seeds, see CA TA LOGVEfoT lS89.forwardid post-free on application . JAMES VEITCH & SONS, RO'iAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W SPECIAL NOTICE. B. S. Williams' COLLECTION or PRIZE FLOWERING AMARYLLIS, CYCLAM EN, HIMANTOPHYLLUMS, ORCHIDS, &c., &c., />S' JV 0 W ON VIE W, AMI Open for Inspection Daibj,from 9 a.m. to 6 p.ni. This Collection was honoured with the Highest Award at the Hoyal Botanic Society's Show on March 20. VICTORIA AND PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON, N. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Mxrket in the World for FORCED FRUITS, and VEGETABLES, FLOWERS (CHOICE) and NOVELTIES of all kinds, from all climes. The Best Medium from whom to obtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS. SALES. — Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS.--Weekly, or when desired. GROWING CROPS. — Advances made on. MARKET REPORT S.^Weekly, on application. EMPTIES. — Arrange early for supply. OOMMUNIO AT IONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Address, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. References: Ask Anyone. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price Sd., Post-free S^d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strana, London, W.V. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. TBE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV,. Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1888. W. RICHARDS. 41, WelliiiKton Street, Strand, W.O. THE SATURDAY, MARCH 30, 1889. THE TERRACE GARDEN AT WELLESLEY, MASSACHUSETTS. [See SuPPLBMENTiEY SHEET.] 'I'^IIE Terrace Garden at Wellesley, Massa- -^ chusetts, which is shown in our Supple- mentary Sheet, is by far the finest example of an " Italian garden " with clipped trees and hedges that exists in America. Indeed, as far as we know, it is the only important example of this style to be found here. In the year 18.51, we may read in Downing's Landscape Gardening, Mr. H. H. Hunnewell. of Boston, selected a por- tion of an old family estate of many hundred acres on the bank of Welleiley Lake, and laid out a country place of some 200 acres, about forty of which were devoted to ornamental grounds in the vicinity of the house. These forty acres consisted of a " flat, sandy, arid plain, which . . . was more or less covered with a tangled growth of dwarf Pitch Pine, Scrub Oak, and Birch, all of which were out down and ploughed up." The ground was then prepared for planting, a nursery was established, for which the stock was chiefly imported from England, and the place quickly assumed a cultivated aud pro- mising aspect. " The house . . . was then built, having ... on one side a fine extent of simple and dignified lawn, and on the other a French parterre or architectural garden with fountains, bordered by heavy balustrades, surmounted at intervals by vases, with steps leading through a series of terraces to the lake — a fine sheet of water of about a mile in extent having a peculiarly varied and beautiful outline. From thi-i French parterre stretches off on the right the ornamental or English pleasure-grounds, a part of the same view. . . . From this we pass along the lake to the Italian garden. To Mr. Hunnewell, we believe, is due the merit of having first attempted to clip our White Pine, and the result shows that it Ijears the shears quite as well as the Hemlock or Yew ; though in this garden are equally suc- cessful specimens of cli^jped Norway Spruces, 394 THE GARDENEBS' CHIiONICLE. [March 30. 1889 Balsam Firs, Arbor-vitrc, the English Maple, the Beech, and Scotch Firs. From the Italian garden we cross the avenue into a wood through which winds a walk, planted on either side with a very extensive and satisfactory pinetum, con- taining all the rarest and newest Conifers and evergreen shrubs, which, with the slightest pro- tection from the winter's sun, seem to thrive exceedingly well. Among other features of this place . . . are various vistas through different avenues planted for this purpose — some of Purple Beech, others of White Pine — all of which will in a few years become very interesting and effective." It is indeed a wondernil place to have been wholly created in less than forty years, and no strongpr evidence of its owner's devotion to it could be cited than the way in which the Italian garden has flourished. Perfect resnlts are absolutely necessary if topiary works arc to be anything but ragged and hideous deformities. To fail to produce absolutely svmmetrical full and luxuriant fornn is to spoil the trees that Nature had designed, .and leave nothing but ruins in their stead. But at Wellesley there are no failures and no ruins. A great variety is shown in the formal shapes, as well a^ in tiie species of trees selected ; but in each case the form has been aimirably attained, and the species has been made absolutely docile beneath the shears. It is hard to Biy wliicii tree gives tiie best result, clipped thus to a smooth wall of green ; but the White Pine, most interesting from its novelty in such a shape, is, perhaps, paramount also in soft delicacy and beauty of surface. Thi?, in its natural estate the most picturesijue of our native trees, seems the tenderest and mobt charming when it assumes the form of a solid mass of foliage. Admirable results, strange as it may seem, have been obtained by clipping the European Larch, which had nut before been used in this way. In early spring the compact masses of pale tender green of this tree are particularly charming. The imme- diate vicinity of the lake, and the classic sha]ie of the boat-house, give somewhat the illusion of a real Italian scene, and its effect as one comes upon it in the midst of characteristic New England scenery, is very striking. Whether it is an entirely harmonious effect — whether such a garden is a thing to be desired in a rural s'ituation in America — is a ques- tion that may be left to individual tastes to decide. Such gardens certainly should not be used every- where or very often ; but those who have seen Mr. Hunnewell's garden must be glad that one exists in this country. The pinetum, of which so much was expected tliirty years ago, has more than fulfilled all that was hoped of it. It is now by far the most interesting collection of Coniferous trees cultivated in America. The sandy subsoil is admirably suited to the growth of these trees, ^vhich have flourished wonderfully under Mr. llunnewell's generous treatment. The collection is interesting on account of the large number of fine specimens which it contains, and more especially for the lessons about trees which it has taught those persons who have been privileged to watch its development. Where trees are con- cerned a record of failure is not less valuable than one of success. The collection contains many specimens of great beauty and interest. Some of the finest and the largest specimens of the Douglas Fir, raised from seed collected by Dr. Parry in ('olorado, may be seen at Wellesley. There are fine specimens of Abies concolor, Picea polita, Abies Nordmanniana, Picea orientalis, Abies brachyphylla, A. Veitchii, A. cilicica (a tree too rarely seen in our gardens), Picea ajanensis (the P. Alcockiana of most gardens — a tree, by the way, which Mr. Ilunnewell considers one of the most promising of all Conifers), Thuia japonica, Pseudolarix, and, indeed, every Conifer which has been found capable of supporting the New England climate. Garden and Fora^t. [The following letter is from one of our corre- spondents who visited these gardens last year. Ed.]: — "When in America I called on Mr. H. II. Ilunnewell, Wellesley, near Boston, U.S.A. I had heard a great deal about his place, as it is certainly the most interesting of the kind in the United Stales. Mr. Ilunnewell is a very enthusiastic horticulturist, and far some forty years past has done much to encourage horticulture in America. lie has a fine collection of Palms, Ferns, Orchids, water plants, &c., and grows fruit under glass remarkably well. The old gardener, Harris, is a Yorkshire man, and has been with him for thirty years, and takes prizes at almost all American shows. He is honest, clever, and hard- working. But the grandest things I saw were tiie Conifers. The seat lies on the shore of a big lake and I suppose the moisture rising from it, and the soil just suit them. I saw magnificent Picea ftfenziesii, Blue and White Spruce, Picea poUta, Pinus Korai- ensis, Abies Donglasii, A. Lowiana (Parsonsi). lleti- uospora squarrosa, and giant Liquidambar styraciflua. There is also a superb Japanese garden. Mr. Ilunne- well has collected for many years past the finest things he could get in Europe, and is decidedly in the fore- front of American liorliculturists of the present day." New or Noteworthy Plants. CYPRIPEDIUM X ROBUSTIUS X SEDENI X BONGIFOLIUM, n. hyb., Vindub. This was raised by Mr. Horn, the zealous grower of Orchids, for Baron Nathaniel von Rothschild, Hohenwarte, near Vienna. It is Sedeni X longi- folium. The green leaf is 2 inches broad by 1^ foot in length. Peduncles very strong, branched, 'dark brown, hairy. Bracts nearly or quite equal to the dark purple downy ovaries. U|>per sepal triangular, purple outside, whitish, bordered and striped with purple inside. Side sepals navicular, inflated, oblong- acute, outside purple with a white part, white with purple margin on the inside. Petals purple, with a white central space on the inside, longer than the upper sepal much narrower, and undulate towards the apex, bent downwards. Lip with two broad involved basilar lobes, with one argute blunt-compressed lobe on each side over the mouth, with a broad, nearly retuse sac, whose border is toothed (I), jjurple, involved part white with numerous purple spots. Staminode transverso-pandurate, white, with purple freckles, bearded on the outer border. This is the inverted hybrid of Cypripedium calu- rura, raised by Mr. Seden, and very well represented in Warner and Williams' Orchid Album, vol. iii , pi. 136 (April, 1884). This has the crenations of the mouth of the lip blunt retuse. The staminode is quite distinct. Our new plant has also good alllnity with the stately Cypripedium Lemoinierianum, which has the narrow tips of the petals ascending, and the border of the mouth of the sac of the lip entire. It is, no doubt, a very decorative plant. H. G. Bchb.f. Catasetum Darwinianum, Rolfc, n. sp. At p. 473 of the last volume I described, umler the name C. fuliginosum, Lindl., a very interesting plant, then flowering in the Kew collection, which produced, on one side of the pseudobulb a raceme of male flowers, and on the other side, a second raceme, of quite different, female ones. The determination was based on a comparison with a dried sjiecimen in Bindley 's Herbarium, the female only of the species being known. But on the specimen being dried, fur preservation, it looks somewhat different from Lindh-y's jdant, and I think the determination must have been a wrong one, so that I propose to call the plant C. Darwinianum, in recognition of the work of our great naturalist in investigating the phenomena of sexuality in this curious genus. Whence Lindley'a plant came is not known, but the plant flowered at Sion House many years ago, and may possibly be the female of some species then cultivated. It pro- bably died out many years ago, and there is no evidence that it ever proluced flowers of the other sex. The females of this singular genus are remark- ably alike, so much so that no less than three have been confused under the name }IunacIiantliu5 viridis, as I have pointed out in a recent paper. Comparing the two plants above-named. C. Darwinianum has proportionately narrower segments, a smaller, nar- rower lip, and the raceme had only three instead of eight flowers, so that it seems as distinct as others already known. The male flowers I fail to identify with anytliing hitherto described, its nearest affinity being perhaps E. callosum. The plant was intro- duced by Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, and is under- stood to have been obtained in Biitish Guiana, Roraima region, or else nearer the coast. B.A. liof/e. CvPRivEoiuM venusto-Spiceriaxum X, A new variety, the result of crossing C. venustura with the pollen of C. Spicerianum, is now in flower with its raiser, Drewett O. Drewett, Esq., Riding Mill-on-Tyne, and flower and leaf from Mr. Keeling, his grower, exhibits it as a desirable kind. The general appearance and habit is that of C. Spicer- ianum ; leaf greyish-green on the upper side, mottled with purple on the under; bract coloured like the leaf, marked with purple; flower nearly 4 inches across the petals, which latter are yellowish -green, with lines of ciiocolate dots, the most prominent being the middle line ; petals tinged with red on the outer half; upper sepal formed much as in C. vennstum; green at the lower half, white on the upper half, a purple band running up the middle nearly to the apex, and purple dots on the green at the base; pouch larger than in C. Spicerianum, dull creamy yellow, veined with green and tinged with purple, the inside beautifully and densely spotted with purple; staminode white, tinged with purjile, and veineil in the centre with bright green ; lower sepals pale gi'eenish-yellow, with green lines, unspotted. In this particular, as well as in others, it differs from a supposeil cross of the same parentage, raised by R. H. Measures, Esq., and named C. polystig- maticum, that variety having '' the lower sepal wliite, with a lightish ochre base and with lines of brownish- purple spots." James O'Brien. The Aquarium. • APONOGETON DISTACHYON. PoPULAnr.Y known as the Cape Pond Weed or Winter Hawthorn. Both of these names nre un- suitable, as they convey no idea as to its beauty. In our country it deserves a higher position than that generally assigned to weeds by us. The ]daut is a very beautiful white flowering perennial aquatic, which is perfectly hardy, and flowers nearlv the whole year round, and doubtless would perform the circuit were it not for the frosts which check its attempts. When the weather prevents its flowering outside, a few plants should be taken up and potted, and placed in the aquatic tank, which is never very bright during the winter. A better way is to take up a few plants some time before they are wanted ; pot them, and put them back into a suit- able position, so that they may be taken in when required. An old paratlin-tub, cut into two at about the middle, make suitable receptacles for accommo- dating the plant; they should be exposed to as much light as possible. When introducing the plant into the bog-garden, or where it is thought desirable to plant it, some means should be arranged for sinking th« plant to a suitable depth, such as tving the ])lant up in a good turfy fibrous jdcce of loam, or it may be potted, the ]iot aft -rwards being broken, and secured by means of a tie or two. It succeeds well iu a depth of 2 feet, and will grow in even a greater depth, though not so well. The scapes are divided into two spikes ; along the axis of these the essential organs are arranged, being placed in the axis of white bract. The llowera are deliciously scented, and have been compared to those of till' Hawthorn. iV. Harroiv. Mabch 30, 1889.] THE GAI?DENEI?S' CniiONICLE. 395 Orchid Notes and Gleanings. DENDKOBIUM JKNKIN-SII. This charming; little phiiit is ono ot tlie smnllest Dendrobiuma in cultivation. Tlie l^nj^th of leaf and psendobulb combined is only froin '2 to ."{ inclies. The whole plant, with its four-sided jisendobulbs and solitary leathery leaves, might be taken for a small 1). agcregratura. The flowers are produced in pairs, on pseudobulbs one or more years old. They are an inch wide and slightly pubescent, with a large and spreading lip, which, like the rest of the flower is of a beautiful soft yellow. The species is fairly abundant in some p.arts of India, where it grows in large masses on the trunks of trees, but it is not much grown in England, probably because of the large number of showier kinds available. For its size, however, it is very free-flowering, and de- serves to be grown where small Orchids are not excluded. Imported prices slionld be firmly fastened on to blocks of wood or Fern -stem, and suspended in a warm house, giving them the usual Dendrobium treatment. Ctpripedicji SciiLiaiii. As one of the parents of a most useful group of hybrid Cypripediums— of which C. Sedeni is the best known — this species is well known to fame. As a rule, however, it does not succeed by any means so well under cultivation as its offspring do. I have learnt from one who has collected it in a wild state that it grows with its roots immersed in, or very near water, and it is probable that plants at home do not have enough given them. It also fertilizes very freely without artificial aid, and produces seed — a circumstance which is apt to weaken the plant if not prevented ; it is therefore advisable to remove the ovaries after the flowers have decayed. Its strap- shaped, pointed leaves are 10 to 15 inches long, and bright green. The flowers are 1.^ to 2 inches across with the sepals and petals white, flushed with rose. Tiie pouch of the lip is rounded and also white, with a patch of deep rose surrounding the very small aperture. The flower is enlivened by the bright yellow of the staminode. The species is a native of the New World, being found in New Grenada, Columbia, &c., and therefore belongs to the Seleni- pedinm group. It should be potted in a mi.xture of fibrous peat and loam, with a sufticient quantity of broken brick to keep the whole porous. To enable the copious waterings to be given without deteriorating the soil perfect drainage is necessary. A healthy specimen is flowering in the cool bouse at Kew. Odoktoglosstjm Sandehiakoi. A very fine form of this sweetly scented Orchid is now flowering in the Kew collection. Although ranch superior to the old O. constrictnm, it greatly resembles it, and indeed, by Xlessrs. Veitch, has been reduced to a variety of that species. It flowers with great freedom, and is easily managed under the same treatment as 0. crispnm. The flowers on the plant under notice are over 3 inches across, with the pointed lance-shaped sepals and petals yellow, blotched with reddish-brown. The lip is white, with one rosy-purple spot on the centre, and has a toothed margin. The fragrance of the flowers has been com- pared to that of the Hawthorn. Another similarly scented species is 0. gloriosum, also in bloom. This has branching racemes of flowers, with pale yellow sepals and petals, spotted with brownish red. The lip is much smaller, and is of the same colour marked with a single blotch in the centre. Both these species are natives of New- Grenada, and deserve to be grown in e\eyy cool Orchid-house. W. B. Jasliica Orchids. Our native Orchids are not so gorgeous as the wonderful Cattlevas, La:lias, Dendrobiums, Vandas, &c., found in other parts of the world, but neverthe- less, we have several really pretty species that are well worth growing. It must be borne in mind that the showy Orchids mentioned above are often valued at scores of guineas. As a rule our native Orchids require little or no cultivation ; if fastened on a Calabash, JMangn, or Ginep tree, and given a little water occasionally during dry weather till they throw out fresh roots, and take hold of the tree to which they are fa.stened, little more is required. Those that may be treated in this way ore: — Epiilendrum fragrans, with its sweet-scented flowers; E. cochleatum, E. jjolybul- bnm, IJroughtonia sanguinea, with blood-red flowers ; Oncidium luridum, O. tetrapetalum, O. triquclrum, Schoniburgkia Lyonsii, Brassavola cordata, Aeran- thus funalis, Iono]isis utricnlarioides, a charming, profuse-flowering species ; Brassia maculata, B. can- data, Pleurothallis longissima, &c. Species that grow in the woods at 4000 to .WOO feet elevation should be kept in cool, shady places, and the atmosphere should be kept moist. Tliose requiring this treatment are :— Oncidium pnlchel- lum, without a doubt one of the most beautiful little Orchids known ; La?lia monophylhi, a jdant that hns been much sought after of late years by connoisseurs in orchidologv ; it produces orange- coloured flowers nearly an inch across ; Epidendrum jamaicense, Ornithidium confertum, Maxillaria pal- mifolia, Comparettia falcata, another beautiful species, but seldom seen ; Macradeaia lutescens, &c. Of terrestrial species, Phaius grandifolius is un- doubtedly the best we have. This Orchid is said to be a native of China, and is supposed to have been introduced to Jamaica, but I have found it at all elevations, from 500 to 5000 feet, growing in ravines, and m virgin forests, miles away from any habita- tion, so tliat I am inclined to regard it as a native plant. If not native, it certainly has become thoroughly naturalised, and is very plentiful, Bletia Shepherdii, B. purpurea, B. verecunda, and Cyrto- pera Woodfordia. All these should be grown in pots in a good loam, and they should have plenty of w.ater till they flnish flowering, then they should be kept rather dry till they begin to make fresh growtii W. Harris, ill BiiUdiii. Botatiical Lejiartment, Janiaica. Cattleva Massaiana is a splendid evergreen form, which resembles C. gigas in habit of growth. Its flowers are pro- duced from the newly-made bulbs just before they are fully developed, several flowers appearing together upon the spike. The sepals and petals are similar in form to C. Dowiana anrea, and are rose-coloured, beautifully mottled with white, and flushed with white towards the base ; lip large, 2.^ inches across, enclosing the column at the base, the edge beauti- fully fringed and lobed, the colour being rich magenta-crimson ; the throat is striped in the centre with brownish-crimson on a yellow ground, and bears at the side two large eye-like spots of bright orange-yellow ; the convolute portion of the lij) is streaked on the outside in a similar manner to C. Dowiana anrea, whilst it yields a perfume similar to that of C. Dowiana itself. It blossoms during the months of August and September, but doubtless it will vary according to its season of growth, in like manner as do both of its supposed parents, C, Dowiana aurea and C. gigas. This Cattleya requires the same treatment as C. gigas, C. Dowiana, and C. Dowiana aurea, but we have never seen these plants grown in better style or flower more freely than at the Due de Massa's (Chateau de Frauconville, Luzarechez, France), under the superintendence of M. Talkie, tlie Duke's gardener. At the time of our visit nearly every plant of these kinds in the collection was showing its sheaths, giving great promise for a magnificent display of flower in a short time. The plants were growing in a very light bouse, near the glass; they were allowed a decided season of rest, bnt receiving just sufiicient moisture to keep their bulbs and foliage in a plump condition — thus afford- ing the same sustenance as the dews, in their dry season, in a state of Nature. This system, indeed, will be found to suit all Cattleyas, for, although a decided season of rest is highly beneficial, the bulbs should never be allowed to shrivel. In the growing season these plants are subjected to heavy rains, but under cultivation the supply of water must be regulated with caie. " Orchid Album," January, 1889. LULIA ( = BnASSAVOI.A) OLACCA. Tills desirable Mexican Orchid has of late years been neglected, probably on account of its having been found dillicult to manage. The mode of culture which I have found to suit its requirements is to suspend it in the full sunlight at the coolest part of the Liclia or Cattley.a-house, to put very little material about the roots, to water sparingly even whilst the plants are in active growth, and to all'onl it little or none after the cessation of growth until the flowers begin to show. It is an evergreen of compact growth, about 4— U inches high. The large flowers are solitary, and proceed from a sheath at the apex of the pseudobulbs ; the sepals and petals are iiale green and the lip is white, and the throat slightly streaked with pink. A number of the plants are now flowering, at tlie Vineyard Nurseries, Garston, Eiverpo'il, F. A^/i/"ti. OuoXTOriLOSSU.M IIcMEANUM AND 0. ASPEIiSCM. The former is a supposed hybrid betv/een O. Kossii and O, cordatnro, and the latter between 0. maculatum and O. Itossii, and the botanical features of the two resultants seem to well bear out the theory. There is great variety, liowever, among them, which was, perhaps, never so well exemplified as in three now in flower in Messrs. Seeger & Tropps nursery. East Dulwich. The handsomest, a variety of O. Ilumeanum, has a flower equal in size to that of O. Kossii m.njus, but with the peculiar Indian yellow and brown spotting of 0. cordatum ; the lip and petals are French white; the petals tinged with yellow, and the lip having a yellow- crest. Another variety is similar in form and colour, but it has more of the features of aspersum ; the whole flower is tinged with buff. The third is O. aspersum violaceum, an exquisitely lovely thing, with a liglit violet lip and petals, pale yellow crest to the lip, and yellow sepals blotched with chestnut- red —an interesting and pretty trio. DEXDnOBltlJI CUASSINODE. Now in these days of large importations, speci- mens of the Burmese Dendrobiums especially are easily made up, but they never compare in the matter of beauty and gracefulness witli a plant well grown on from a single piece. Such an one is the above mentioned species, now in flower with Regi- nald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool — a very charming specimen, with 108 blooms. A plant of the grand high-coloured strain of D. nobile, also out of the importation of the Liverpool Horticultural Company, is very fine, the flowers being larger, brighter, and on longer foot-stalks, than the old forms, and more like D. n. nobilius. O.N-CIDIDM UNOUICITLATUM. As an instance of the dur.ability of the flowers it may be remarked that this showy yellow-lipped species is still in flower with Dr. Richard Neal, at 60, Boundary Road, N.W. Despite the London fogs, it has been in bloom four months, the first flowers on the spike having opened in November last. The still handsome O. tigrinnm has also proved almost equally lasting, even when used as a table plant, as it is here. Cattleya Loddioesii. A noble v.ariety of this, with two spikes each of four flowers, is in bloom with T. Palmer, Esq., at Kingston Hill. Each flower is 4 inches across, the sepals as broad as the petals ; flowers rose coloured with a yellow stain in front of the white tube of the labellum — quite a superb florists' flower. Several who have seen it have named it C. Harrisonx superba, but reference to the illustrations of both species from plants which flowered at Kew {Gardeners' Chronicle January 25, p]). 108 and 109;, will easily settle the question. J. OB. 396 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March SO, 188^. NURSERY NOTES. MESSRS. H. WILLIAMS & SONS. Messrs. Williams' nursery at Fortis Green, Finch- ley, is essentially a market establishment, whence large quantities of Rhodanthes are turned out each season, one house at the present time being entirely devoted to them. But the feature of the work here at present is to be found in the bulbous y)lants, of which enor- mous quantities are grown, and out of the stock a few bulbs find their way to some of the exhibitions of spring flowers, where the firm is very successful. The effects of a bad season in Holland were to be seen here among the Hyacinths, but, notwithstanding, a number of good solid spikes could be detected. The favourite red varieties are Koh-i-noor, Macau- lay, Marina, Princess Amelia, Fabiola, Cavaignac, and Garibaldi. Blues: King of the Blues and King of the Blacks, Princess of Wales, an improve- ment on Starlight, as the spike is heavier; Sultan, Lord Derby, Charles Dickens, Czar Peter, Grand Maitre, &c., and a great number of the various shades of blue are disposed of. Of yellows the best were to be seen in Ida, Obelisque, and King of Yellows, while the best white was La Grandesse. Tazetta Narcissi are largely grown. Princess of Wales, white, with a good orange cup, and fairly large, is a striking variety ; and others noticeable are Bazelman major, Her Majesty, Isaac Newton, Presi- dent Garfield, Belle Aurore, Laura, pale cinnamon, with a bright yellow cup, Jaune supreme, and Grand Monarch, Among Tulips there were several very fine samples of popular varieties. Pteris cretica received atten- tion, and zonal Pelargoniums, Hydrangea Dr. Hogg, and Crassula coccinea complete the large subjects at this nursery. McArthub's Nursery, Maida Vale, W. Under new and liberal management this estab- lishment, honourably known for over a century, puts off its old garb, and energetically accommodates itself to the brisk habits necessary to do business successfully in our times. The whole of the houses have been remodelled, and new ones added, the heating and ventilation being put more in accord- ance with modern views of the requirements of plants. It will be known to most gardeners that the special feature of this old nursery was that which is called "town work," such as that included in supplying plants for balls and parties, cut flower- work. &c., and in this branch of the trade it was supported by some of the best families. The old trade, therefore, is retained, and more commodious quarters are erected for showing off the plants and cut flowers of the season, especially those which are most attractive. The collection of good and cheap Orchids which has been added to the stock of plants already on the placi?, and to which some of the new houses are devoted, is a specialty in accord- ance with the taste of the times. In these houses a number of good species have been got together, the presence of the new Vanda Kimablliana showing a desire to keep up to date ; some good forms of Odon- toglossum crispum are in bloom, one very large form, with Indian yellow blotch on the lip, being especially distinct ; O. Rossii majus, a very large O. triumphans, and other Odontoglossums, are in bloom in more or less quantity; also Sophronitis, Cattleyas, Cypri- pediums, &c. A very fine lot of plants of Azalea indica is just going out of flower. Fine Palms and Ferns are noticeable features, Wm. CuTiiusn & Son. At their Highgate nurseries this firm has its annual exhibition of Hyacinths now open. The plants are staged on a bench in the show-house, and each variety is massed, the interval and edging being of Crocuses and other dwarf flowers, the whole being arranged on an undulating mossy bank, which hides the objectionable pot. Novelties in Hvacinths this year did not turn out well, and the display is com- posed of old favourites, as Macaulay, which is one of the finest reds ; King of the Belgians, La Grandesse, Obelisque, Grand Master, Von Schiller, &c., which are represented by numerous fine spikes. There are also banks of Tulips, which are very fine ; and here, again, the old varieties are retained, and, indeed, are quite worthy of it. Jliscellaneous plants comprise Dielytra spectabilis, Azalea mollis, Staphylea colchica, and Lily of the Valley, among the chief. Hyacinths, it may here be said, are not generally so fine as they have been in recent years, the season in Holland having been somewhat unfavourable. have a spare suitable place this species may be recom- mended as one that few can be disappointed over. The flowers are of a dark purplish-crimson, with dark venation ; both the stem and under-side of the leaf are covered with short brown hair. When the plant has finished flowering it should be pruned in closely and a new growth produced, to take the place of the old. If it has a large place to occupy, the pruning must be regulated accordingly. It some- times goes under the name of A. igneum. It is a native of New Grenada. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden^ Cambridf/e. Cultural Memoranda. EXACUM AFFINE. The simplest way to have a stock of this plant is to sow seeds. It strikes freely enough from cuttings, but plants raised from seeds are more shapelv. If two sowings are made, one in the beginning of the year, and the other about the month of August or September, a succession of flowering plants may be American and Continental. ARUNDINELLA AXOMALA. This is the Japanese Shiba-grass, and is employed in Japan as an evergreen lawn grass, which is cat twice in the year. It is said to make an excellent turf in a short period of time, and in this manner it is propagated, good seed being but rarely produced, and when obtained it does not produce the true grey-green grass. The plant grows from 3 inches to 5 inches in height. Gartciifiora. Figs. 71, 72. — hyacinth bulus, showing methods of phopagation. (see p. 400.) kept up. It would be difficult to find a plant with a freer disposition to make flower, as it blooms pro- fusely up to the time that its constitution is on the wane. Pot in a compost of fibrous loam, with the addi- tion of some leaf-soil, not too far decayed, rubbed through a half-inch mesh, adding some crock which have been finely broken, and some sand, as the pl.ants do not like stagnant water. During winter they should be grown in a warm house, but in summer they are well adapted for the embellishment of the greenhouse. E. macrantliura and E. zeylanicum are both well worthy of attention. They are stronger growers than the above. E. macranthum produces flowers 'i inches in diameter. AnOTILON INSIONE. The arrangement of the flowers and the Invbit of growth render this plant most attractive and suitable for training to the rafters, or similar places, wlicre the pendulous flowers can be seen to the best advantage ; when trained in any other way the flowers become partly hidden amongst the luxuriant dark green foliage. It will succeed when grown in pots, but the maximum of success is gained when it is planted out into a compost of good loam with a slight addition of leal-mould and sand, using the two former in a rough lumpy condition. To those who Castanea japonica. A tree of moderate dimensions, with bright green leaves regularly denticulate, witli prominent nerves, the underside being intersected by white veins. The tree is peculiar in appearance, is hardier than the common Sweet Chestnut, as well as much more prolific. The first fruits which the young trees carry are larger than the Italian Chestnuts, and the tree begins to bear in the tliird year. Gartcnjiora, Benthasiia japonica. A deciduous tree whioli is said to be perfectly hardy. Under this name a shrub bearing yellowish red flowers, and rising to a height of from 6 feet to 7 feet, was introduced in 1S47. This new species is said to be a high and Iiandsome tree, whose extra- ordinary durable and hard wood is employed for the best kind of cabinet-work in .lapan. It is said to carry numerous flowers resembling those of a single- flowered white Clematis. Another novelty offered, and which succeeds the best in half shade, is H. j. foliis variegatis. GoHcn- Jlora. SriLVWDERUY Dn. VEiLiAnt). A large-fruited novelty of great earliness, coming into use fourteen days before May Queen. It is a very hardy plant, very fruitful, the last blossoms setting their fruit. The colour of the latter is dark red, the flesh rose-red, juicy, and perfumed. The Maech 30, 1889.J THE GABDENEBS' CIIBONIGLE. 397 plant forces well. The Horticultural Society of Orleans gave it the Society's Medal on accouut of its unusually good qualities. M. Bruant, in Poictiers, iVance, is distributing the plant. Garfcttjlora. Hydrangea stellata. A new double Hortensia, in the hands of Peter Henderson, New York, U.S.A. The flowers are in colour deep rose-pink, and overlap each other like roof-tiles, their diameter being 1 1-lOth inch, whilst the flower-head is of enormous proportions. The plant is quite hardy, Gartcvflora, An American Orchid ExHininox. At the Eden Music and Winter Gardens, situated in the west end of New York, the third annual Orchid exhibition, under the superintendence of pieces of Lujlia anceps Percivaliana, L. Dayana, the whole, with others too numerous to mention, inter- spersed with graceful Palms. .las. K. Pilcber. and \V. A. Manda, the United States Nurseries. Shoit Hills, N.J., of Cypripediura fame, had over 100 species and varieties in their exhibit ; also flne Cattleya Trianic in variety. Of the amateurs W. S. Kimball, Esq., Uochester, was well to the fore with an interesting col- lection of cut blooms of Orchids. Frederick Man, Weehaukeen, N.J., showed, amongst other Orcliids of note, a fine collection of blooms of Cattleya Triana3 and La.^lia albida A fine piece of Cattleya Trianie alba was exhibited by Mr. H. de Forrest, Summit, N.J. It had twenty well formed flowers, and over 100 pseudobulbs. From the collection of John Eyerman, Esq,, Easton, Pa., came gome fair represeotativea of Jersey, together with portions of the article published in our columns on May 7, 1881— an article founded on the communications of the late revered Asa Gray. " The history of this plant is little short of romantic. Originally found by Michaux in the mountains of North Carolina nearly one hundred years ago, it was described by Dr. Asa Gray more than forty years since, from imperfect materials in the Paris Herbarium, transmitted by Michaux. Till lately it had never been met with again, so that it had come to be looked on somewhat as a botanical 'Mrs. 'Arris.' Meanwhile, Dr. Maximowicx sent from Japan specimens of a plant which he called Schizocodon uniflorus, but which Dr. Gray at once recognised as the same as his Shortia galacifolia ; or, if not the same, then its brother. " The occurrence in Japan of the same, or a very closely allied North American species, furnishes Fig. 73. — shortia galacifolia : hardv perennial : flowers white, flushed with rose. Messrs. Liebrecht & Wadley, New Kochelle, was held recently, and from a horticulturist's point of view, proved a great snccess, considering that Orchid culture is yet young in the United States. There was no competition, it being a purely business enterprise. Being the first horticultural show that I had ever witnessed in the United States of America, I was somewhat desirous of observing in what points it would vary from one in the Old Country. It was astonish- ing to note so great a diflference in the methods and manner of exhibiting the plants, there being none of that stiff formality 80 characteristic of the English flower show ; but all was grace and elegance, even to the tables, which were not over-crowded, or in straight lines, showing off the exhibits to advantage. The largest and most meritorious exhibit was that of the firm of Liebrecht & Wadley, which met the eye directly on entering the hall, the greater part of which was displayed on the centre table, and which was decidedly oneof the chief features, Several large Cattleya Trianre, a good variety of C. T. alba, and some well grown Calanthe vestita ocu'ata gigantea, and Phala;nopsis SchiUeiianum was conspicuous. Altogether there were some GOO or 700 species and varieties exhibited, the majority being Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Oncidiums, and Dendrobiums. From our Ketv York Correspondent. SHORTIA GALACIFOLIA. Foe many reasons this was the most interesting plant shown on Tuesday last at the Royal Horticul- tural Society. It was exhibited for the first time in this country by Mr. Elwes, and was sufficiently attractive to win the a.vard of a First-class Certifi- cate. It has, however, much higher claims on the attt ntion of a society than this award would indicate, so that a Botanical Certificate would have been more appropriate. As the plant is one of so much interest we reproduce (fig. 73) the illustration originally sent us by Messrs. Woolsoa & Co., of FassaiCi New another to the already numerous list of plants com- mon to the Atlantic States and North America, and to Japan. So close is this resemblance in the flora, that Dr. Gray lays it down as a general rule that any plant special to the temperate regions of the Atlantic States, is represented in Japan or the neighbouring parts of North-east Asia by the same, or by a very closely allied representative species. There is, further, a close correspondence between the flora of the Miocene epoch and that of the existing north temperate zone. Around the Pole in Miocene timea existed a flora, traces of which are still found fossil, closelv analogous to what is now found much further south, both on the eastern and the western conti- nents, having been driven down by the increasing cold of the North. '■ The Shortia, then, is not merely a pretty herba- ceous plant, but it furnishes one of the clues to the understanding of a remarkable fact in botanical geography, and to the interpretation of one phase iu the past history of the globe. That such a plant 398 THE GARDENEBS' CHBCNICLE, lMarch 30, 1889. should be tlyinj out, that it shouM be found in small numbers, is not surprising. Knowing what we do now it netd not have surprised us if MJchaux's spe- cimen bad proved to be the last. But, leaving aside the Japanese specimens, the Shortia has again been discovered in North Carolina. A specimen may be Been in the Kew herbarium, entitled ' Hyams* spark- ling Shortia,' the lucky finder, Mr. M. E. Hyaras, having detected it in 1877 in McDowell County, growing in a solitary patch, a few feet sqnare, and nowhere else so far as known at present. No one who compares the Japanese Schlzocodon uniflorus will doubt their identity. "Botanists have a not unnatural dread of rarities like the present becoming exterminated by the greed of collectors for commercial purposes, and we do not wish to minimise the danger. On the other hand, it may be pointed out that by introducing the plant into cultivation a much better chance is afforded of perpetuating it than if it were left in its original fastnesses, all unprotected by the care which the loving cultivator bestows on bis pets. Again, if the plant is to die out, as it may do even in gardens, it will not vanish till it has been made to tell its history to the botanist, till it has been registered in his archives, and depicted in this gallery of plant portraits. It will be interesting to see whether the plant will thrive under cultivation, for it is just possible that a plant which seems to be dying ont, or to find its necessary requirements in a very restricted locality, may baffle the gardener's art. We prefer, however, to think that the gardener, will be the means of perpetuating the plant for generations to come. "Shortiagalacifolia is a dwarf herbaceous plant with a creeping cylindrical root-stock, from which issue numerous fine rootlets, and tufts of long-stalked, ever- green, leathery, glabrous cordate, roundish, remotely toothed leaves, which in the dried specimen are rather broader than long {\h by IJ inches). The flowers occur singly on the ends of leafless stalks or scapes, emerging from among and exceeding the height of the tuft of leaves. The bell-shaped flowers have three small bracts close to calyx. They are about an inch in diameter when expanded, pure white, shading into rose colour as they wither. The botanical structure is interesting by reason of the imbricate calyx, the verticillate petals, and the curious row of petaloid staminodes representing probably a second row of stamens. Por further details on these points we may refer to Dr. Gray's paper,* merely adding that Shortia has a fallacious superficial resemblance to Primula or Pyrola, but is included with Galax and others in the order Dia- pensiaceiB, of which the best known species is Dia- pensia lapponica. Diapensiaceie are usually placed near Ericacea;, but it seems clear that so many links are missing, that this little group in its present state is not very close to any other group." India. ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA. We have received the oflicial report of this estab- lishment for the year 1887-1888. The report shows that steady progress was made during the year. Among the plants cultivated in the garden, the largest demands were made for the Rhea and the Rain-tree (Pithecolobium Saman). Mahogany trees were also propagated and distributed to a great ex- tent. Many valuable contributions from well-known botanists were made to the Herbarium during the year. Among these, the set of plants of the large natural order Euphorbiaceai, which were placed at the disposal of Sir Joseph Hooker, are of special value, as they have been returned by him bearing in his own handwriting the names given to them in his Flora of British India. The library of the Botanic Garden also received a valuable acquisition in the transfer to it from the Royal Gardens at Kew, through the courtesy of the Director, Mr. Thiselton Dyer, of the correspondence of Dr. Wallich, extend- ing from 1704 to 1849. The annual report of the Government Cinchona plantation and Cinchona factory in Bengal for the year IS87-1888, was submitted by Mr. Gamuiie, the acting Superintendent, at the same time, and from which we take a few extracts :— *' The policy of replacing the red bark, or Cin- chona f*.*brifuge-yielding plant, by the Ledgeriana and hybrid varieties, which yield quinine, was steadily adhered to." " The number of Cinchona plants, including the nursery stock, at the Government plantations on April 'l, 1888, was 5,335,504, of which ;i,IS2,0()0 were of the kind known as succirubra, or red bark, and 2,050,200 were hybrid and Calisaya Ledgeriana. The crop of the year amounted to 200,410 lb. dry bark, of which 221,090 lb. were red (succirubra), 62,241 lb. were Calisaya, and 6010 lb. were hybrid bark. The attempts to naturalise the species of Cinchona which yield the hard Carthagena and cuprea barks have hitherto been unsuccessiul ; but the three new varieties — verde, morada, and xamba morada— which were procured from South America and sent out to this country by the Secretary of State in 1883, have been cultivated with success. The quality of the bark yielded by these plants is greatly inferior to that of the Calisaya Ledgeriana, and the introduction of these varieties is considered to be one of the most important and promising experi- ments which have been made at the plantation." " The year was marked by the discovery of a process fur the manufacture of sulphate of quinine, which is expected to produce a permanent reduction in the price of tiie article." " The out-turn ot medicine at the factory, which is regulated by the demand, was 6016 lb. of ordinary Cinchona febrifuge, 1 lb. of crystalline febrifuge, and 331.} lb. of sulphate (luinine." Plant Notes. " A. Gray, in Proc. Arner. Acad., 1870, Jinn. Se. Nat,, aer. i, t, 7. tab, 16. 213; et In BEGONIA SCHARPFII. Sir J. HooKEK, in But. Mag., t. 7028, says that this Begonia is one of the most magnificent of the of the genus, and we might add that this will be generally cultivated when better known ; when once seen to perfection it is sure to be desired. To those who are unacquainted with it, or have not seen a figure, we might contrast it with that of B. metallica, though it is in every way superior to that species. It bears enormous fine heads of flowers, which last a long while in perfection, and has a good strong constitution. Cuttings should be inserted when the growth is somewhat firm, and taken ofl* about 4 or 6 inches in length. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cambridge. ANOrQ.\NTHUS BREVIFLORUS AND CyRTANTHUS LUTESCENS. Some time ago I noted in the Gardeners' Chronicle the flowering of the Anoiganthus at Kew for the first time in Kurope, and I then stated that this plant had been distributed in England as Cyrtantliua lutescens. The Kew plant was obtained under this name. Within the last fortnight three possessors of plants of the former have applied to Kew for an explanation of the name Cyrtanthus lutescens as applied to their jdants, and to another quite ditferent Cape bulb ; and, as the Anoigantlius is certain to become a popular garden plant, it may be worth while to again jioint out that all tlie plants sent to England from Natal by Mr. Adiiim as Cyrtanthus lutescens are, so far as I can ascertain, Anoiganthus breviflorus. The characters of this plant are : — Bulb and foliage almost as in Vallota, but longer ; scape stout, a foot to a foot and a half high, bearing from four to eight funnel-shaped flowers on atalka 1^ inch long, the ovary three-angled, i inch long, the-limb IJ inch long, gradually widening upwards, and divided almost to the base into six oblong seg- ments; stamens and pistil hidden inside the corolla; colour rich canary-yellow. The plant is almost hardy, and is very free-flowering. It is in flower at Kew now. and a figure of it will shortly appear in the Botanical Magazine. Cyrtanthus lutescens, also in flower at Kew, is a smaller ])h\nt, the leavea linear, the scape slender, supporting an umbel of stalked, narrow, tubular flowers, \h inch long, with spreading, reflexed segments, the anthers showing at the top, and the stignia projecting a quarter of an inch beyond. The colour is lemon-yellow, paler on the segments. Although a pretty plant, this is not so good as the Anoiganthus. It was introduced by Wilson Saunders, throujj;h his collector, Mr. Cooper, from the Cape, and flowered in 1863. COFFEA BENGALENSIS An interesting, free-flowering stove shrub, for many years cultivated at Kew, where it now flowers in one of the stoves. It is a yard high, copiously branched, deciduous, the new leaves developing with the flowers. These are in clusters at the ends of all the branchlets, and are formed like the flowers of a Jasminum, but much larger, being nearly 2 inches across the obovate lobes ; they are pure white and sweet scented. This species, although of no value economically, is entitled to a place in all collections of stove plants. It was, according to Roxburgh, cultivated for some time in India under the idea of its being the real Colfee plant of Arabia. C. tra- vancorensisaud C. myrtifolia are also pretty flowered, fragrant stove plants, which are cultivated at Kew, where they flower annually. The last named is almost unknown in English gardens, but is not uncommon in Belgium. It is dwarf and compact in habit, the leaves are small, as in Gardenia radicans, and the flowers are clustered and pure white. It is catalogued by Makoy & Co., from whom the Kew plant was obtained several years ago. GODWINIA GIOAS. A plant of this remarkable Aroid is now in flower in the "p-range at Kew. Like all the Aroids of the section to which Godwinia belongs it has a large fleshy tuber, a single leaf from 6—10 feet high, the stalk stout, erect, beautifully mottled, and supporting a blade which spreads all round, umbrella-like. This blade is divided into three main branches, and these again branch into numerous pinnatifld divisions. The leaf is of annual duration, and the flower is developed immediately after the leaf dies. The peduncle is about a foot long, stout, mottled like the leaf-stalk, and supporting a large boat-shaped spathe, which is open only near the top, and is deep vinous-purple in colour, yellow at the base. The spadix, which is enclosed, is club-shaped and covered with numerous small flowers. This plant is a native of Nicaragua, from whence it was introduced and flowered for the first time by Mr. Bull in 1872. [This plant was figured and described in the Gardeners" Chronicle, January 18, 1873. Ed.] Godwinia is a near ally of Dracontium and Amor- phophallus. It ranks next to A. Titanum in its dimensions, the last-named being the largest of all tuberous-rooted of Aroids. There is a fine example of it in the Kew collection, as well as life-size drawings of the entire plant in the museum. Another species, new to the collection, has just flowered at Kew, namely, A. Eichleri, it is com- paratively small, but has a powerful and most oflensive odour. A figure of it has been prepared for the Bot. Mag. W. Plants and Their Culture. Some Bdluovs Stove Plants. — Hymenocallis raacrostephana is a useful bulb, whicli should be grown in quantity where cut flowers are much in request, on account of its fragrant jmre white flowers, and the long time they last after being cut. It requires much the same kind of treatment as Pancrutium frngrana, but it is freer blooming than that allied species. Tlie plant is a valuable decora- tive plant in the warm conservatory, in which house it blooms freely three or four times a year. AV^ith annual repotting, done in the spring, and a liberal supply of liquid manure when growing, and the pots are full of rooti, it floweri well. It i> adviaabU Mapch 30, 1880.] THE GAB DENE BS' CHBQNICLE. 399 to have the bulbs sorted when repotting them, the la^fje nnes bein^ put into (i inch pots sin;^ly, aiul the smanfi* ones ht-in^ put in thivvs into S-inch pots; and the sma'l oO'sots in )ians to prow on. In many cases small pots will he prffcrred to larjje ones ; and when it isdesiifd to retantany part of the stock tiiey mav b»» removed to a cooler house and kept dry. A suitable compost for them consists of two parts turfy loam, one of peat, and ont* of decayed cow or sheep manure, and sullicii-nt snnil to keen the soil open. Water must be sparinijly applied until the jilants cnm- mence to grow freely, and if the pots are plunged in a warm bed it will be found greatly to assist tliem. Onr i)lants are plunged in cocoa fibre over the hot- water pipes, in a house set nimrt for them, shade being atTorded them during bright sunshiup. syringing being done twice a day. and the paths kept damped down. In winter less tuoi^tu^e, and all the light and sun possible are afforded the plants. Thrips are troublesome, but these insects sliould not be allowed to gain headway or the plants will not make much progress. It will be found advisable if the bulbs should not flower satisfactory, to give less manure water, and a rather drier treatment for a time. Winter-hlooming Bcfjouias. — Cuttings should be taken as early as possible, as they strike very readily now. Insert the cuttings in 3-inch pots, using a light sandy compost, and placing the pots in a gentle bottom-heat, and wlien struck they should be potted singly into 3-inch pots, and finally shifted into 5-inch, nsing loam, peat, leaf-soil, and silver-sand, liquid manure being applied twice a week when the ]iots appear to be full of roots, and the points shoula be pinched out several times during the season so as give a bushy habit. They require rather careful watering during the early stage, and sliould get plenty of heat in a forcing-house. Eegmiias which flower in the winter time, when the proper kind of treatment is adopted, are fuchsioides, nitida, erecta multi flora, Ingrami, Pearcei, manicala, insignis, semperfiorens, dichotoma, Wagneriana, and Knowsleyiana. It is nectssary that the plants get all the light possible in the autumn to ripen their shoots, and if after blooming the plants are kept drier at top and root, for about one month, they will produce bloom and continue to flower till the spring. It is the best plan to propagate annually, as it is found that young plants bliom better than old ones in large pots. G, Wythcs, Sion House, Brentford. The Flower Garden. Needful Notes for the Week : Climhers. — Vnder this head I include not only climbing plants proper, but all plants adapted to the furnishing of walls, trellises, or screens, such as Berberis Darwinii, Ilex Fortunei, Escal Ionia macrantha, Ceanothus americanus and C. azureus. Euonynms radicans varie- gata, and Magnolias, all of which, though not climbing plants in the strict sense of that term, are BulHciently so as to be amenable to that mode of treatment, and in places where there are many walls, trellises, and verandahs to be furnished, it is desirable, by way of variety, that at least some of them should be of use. Berberis Darwinii we have covering a wall of east aspect, and it is always beautiful, and when in blossom it is, I think, unequalled by any climber, not even excepting Roses and Clematises. Ilex Fortunei is a first-rate plant for a north aspect, and only requires its main branches to be occasionally nailed in. so that the plant shall grow flat against the wait. Escallonias, Ceanothuses, and Magnolias are all of them excellent for furnishing walls which are sheltered from cold winds and are sunny, and no other, as they are not quite hardy, and, indeed, in the northern parts of the country slight protection in winter ia necessary. Tiie small-leaved variegated Euonymus radicans is the perfection of a plant fur covering low walls, and it really requirfs no training, as after the first tacking to the walla the new growth clings with all the tenacity of Ivy, At this season, before new growth commences, all of them, if they are used as climbers, require to be looked over to see that their main branches are ■well secured, after which all out-growing and fore- right shoots should be shortened back with the shears, in the same way as it is usual to cut Ivy be- fore it commences to grow. This trimming up of Ivy should be done forthwith as I note that it has already began to grow. My plan is to clip off the young shoots and leaves close in to the stems, and by that means ensure the exclusion of all vermin, and an entire new leaf growth In a short time. The common, and Veitch's Virginian Creepers— the latter usually taking care of itself as legards training, need no further attention than to remove strong shoots here and there, and to see that they do not encroach on other plants, choke up water-spouts, &c. All this kind of work ^^-U attention paid to it. wtien Ivy cutting is in hand. Wistaria sinensis and Clematises difler from the foregoing in tliat they need a considerable atnnunt of summer training, and are, I think, better adapted f\»r furnishing trellists, arched and otherwise, tlian anv of the foregoing. If there is sjiace to be covered all voung shoots of the Wistaria should be tied in af. their full length, and any that are not required should be cut close back ; the spurs thus formed throw out innumerable weak shoots, which, hanging loose, look very graceful. To some growers the pruning of Clematis simply means to cut them down to the ground line. How sutdi persons ever hope to get a big trellis well furnished, I am at a loss to imagine. The only pruning the Clematises require is tlie cutting out of any dead shoots, the twining shoots being trained in such a way that they will most readily furnish the trellis. It may be that when the plants get old and the shoots raucli matted together, severe cutting back may be desirable; but timely attention paid to summer training will avoid the necessity tor it. Climbing Roses of all sections should now be pruned, the borders top-dressed with rich manure, and if the borders are made arid by overhanging projections from leceiving the full amount of rainfall, they should be watered to the saturation point. W. Wild- smith, Hccl-field, Hants. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Fruits Under Glass. Peaches. — The trees in the first house will be stoning; it is now time to see there are not too many fruits left. In thinning let the fruit stand about 10 inches or a foot apart, according to the strength and the size of the tree, and variety, always saving, however, the finest and best placed. Give, whenever possible, full exposure, and after the stoning remove any leaves that may shade the fruits, and place short pieces of lath under those that hang apex downward, so as to bring the upper part of the fruit up to the light. The borders, if shallow, should be watered once a fortnight with warm manure- water; tie in any shoots needing it, but keeping them awav from the fruit; take the points out of those which are too strong, and which are robbing the weaker ones. A night temperature of 60*^ to Qo"^, and by day 70° to 75°, can still be kept up, and when the stoning is completed the temperature may be raised, but on cold nights, rather than make the inpes too hot, the thermometer need not rise so high. Give air in the morning after syringing when the tempe- rature rises towards 70°, gradually increasing the amount admitted till midday, shutting up with the thermometer at 7;")°, so that with sun-heat alone the temperaturewill be maintained flt80°,and syringe the trees. In very early houses, planted with the Waterloo and Alexander Peach, more air will be necessary as soon as the fruit shows colour, and the syringing must then be stopped. Avoid cold draughts. Second House, — The fruit in this house will be swell- ing rapidly ; keep, therefore, a growing atmosphere, syringing twice a day, closing the house early in the afternoon. Look over the trees for a few stray fruit that may still be spared, or for shoots that may require regulating ; see if the border wants watering, and keep a temperature of 60° by night, a little higher or lower according to the weather; and G5° to 70° by day when the sun shines, giving air gradually as the temperature rises, and as gradually reducing it. Third House. — The ?arae remarks hold good here as in the earlier house, the thinning, syringing, and watering being carefully attended to. A night tem- perature of 55° to 60°, and 60° to 65° by day, and a few degrees higher with sun-beat, but without fire- heat. In later house disbudding and pinching the shoots, thinning fruits, &c., and otherwise bearing in mind previous instructions, will all that need be mentioned here. The temperature may be 55° at night and 60° by day, a rise of 10° with air with sun-heat. The late house for September and October fruits should be kept as cool as possible. Give air early in the morning, keeping it on till 5 or 6 o'clock in the afternoon. If the weather be very mild both top and bottom ventilators may he opened to their fall extent. W. Benmtt, Bangemore^Brnton-on-Trent, Hints in Skason: F/V/.*:.— Where Figs are t:rnwn out-of-doors on walls the pruning ami nailing of the trees m.iy now be proceeded with, the slioots wliith are likely to proiiuce the most fruit, being now readily ascertainable. In cold localities, assuming that protection has been afforded the trees in the winter, the pruning may not take place for anothfr fortnight, but first gradtuilly remove the material used, and so expose and harden the branches and fruiting-shoots. In pruning the trees much depends on the condition of the roots and the nature of the soil in which they are growing. If the roots are mucii restiieted— or are close to a hard walk or road, which the roots cannot penetrate to any distance, the trees are less apt to make unfruitful wood and the pruning may be more severe. But if, on the contrary, the roots have an unlimited run, less pruning of the branches should be done, and the lilting and shortening of the roots should then he practised instead, so that a check may be given to growth and short, hard, fruitful wood induced. Do not shorten back any of the young shoots, as it is on th.ese tha^ the fruits are produced. Keep the wlude of the trees well furnish'.'d with these young growths, and replace some of the oldt st of the branches annually, but not by means of suckers, as more fruitful wood may be obtained from the proper branches of the tree. Standards in bearing should be very sparingly pruned ; in fact, the less the knife is use'd the better it will 1)0 for the trees, so long as they are kept within bounds. All rank, sjiongy growths springing up in the centres should be cut out, as also all suckers from about the roots. If inclined too rank- ness, they should at once be checked by cutting asunder some of the roots. Planting may now be successfully carried out, and wliatever is to be done in this respect, avoid by all means the use of rich soils, otherwise strong, un- fruitful wood will certainly result. A nice sunny spot should be selected for the trees; an abundance of drainage is requisite, and the soil, if possible, should be a moderately heavy loarn, with plenty of old mortar or chalk added. The roots are best con- fined to a somewhat narrow border, and the trees do exceedingly well when planted .almost close to the sides of walks, when the surrounding ground is eo hard that the roots can scarcely enter it. H. Mark' ham, Mereworth Castle, Kent. The Kitchen Garden. Operations to nE pEnronMED: Pulatos. — The main crop of these should n^w or soon he placed in the ground, and if the land be heavy a liberal dress- ing of charred soil and wood-ashes will be found of great benefit in keeping away slugs and wireworms ; but on loamy soil this dressing may be dispensed with. The best preventive of slug ravages is deep cultivation, as then the creatures are buried deep, and perish. The greatest foe to successful Potato cultivation is undoubtedly the blight, and although many methods of cure have been recommended, but little benefit has arisen from the adoption of any of them. There is no doubt that the crop when on maiden loam is freer from its ravages than when growing on land which has been often cropped with Potatos. and that is one cogent reason why on farms where the Potato does not occupy the same ground for three or more years the disease is less virulent ; and this can in a measure he accounted for as the germs are in less force, or their energies are in a meaaiire impaired by the absence of a suitable host plant. Early planting and early harvesting of the tubers is doubt- less the soundest practice, strong rank manures being avoided. Thomsons manure I have found very safe to apjdv to the crop, and good results are secured by its emplovment; and a liberal distance apart when planting the sets, so as to secure a robust growth. A common practice is to plant Greens between the rows of Potatos, but this practice cannot be con- demned too severely, as it cannot be accomplished without lessening the amount of sun and air which should reach the Potato plants. Adequate measures for the protection of early planted tubers will be necessary where they are just coming through the soil, and the readiest way to give it, is to draw the dry soil over the tops, but where the plants are so far advanced that this cann t be done, hoops and mats or dry bracken will be found necessary it frosts threaten, IVm, M, Baillie, Luton Soo, Bed$, 400 THE GARDENEB8' CHRONICLE. [Maech 30, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed fur advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. StTBSCBIBEBS TO 'TSE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE '- who e.rperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made pai/able at the Post Office, No. i-2, DRURY LANE. Now ready, In clotU, lla. 6d. frHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. IV., Third Series. JULY to DEC 1888. W. EICHAiiDS, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SHOW. WEDNESDAY, APRIL3| ^"yj'^.g^';;;^^"^';'''"' "' Edlnbursh MEETING. THrRSDAY, April 1— Linuean Society, SALES- MONDAY, APRIL 1 ' !''';'■'• .I?"'''*' ''<'■' "' P™th»roe & ' . «. -^ Morns Rooms, ( The Second and remaining Portion I (Unres^tved) of tiie Sunbnry TUESDAY, April 2.^ House Collection ot E-tablisliai j Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris' ' Kooms. ' Lilium nnratum. and vaiious other Lilies ; Carnations, Pico- tees, Ferns, and Greenhouse Pldnts. at Protheroe & Morris" Rooms. Rosea, Fruit Trees. Shrubs. Border Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. ^Roses. Carnations. Picotees. Fruit Trees, &c., at the City Auction Rooms, ys and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., by Protheroe & Morris.' Imported and Established Orchids, Lilies. Sic, at Stevens' Rooms. . . ( Established and Imported Orchids APKIL o J jjj Protlieroe & Morris' Rooms. WEDNESDAY', APRIL 3 laUKSDAY, April 4 CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FRO.M THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS. AT CHISWICK— 45'.9. It is right and proper to fit the „ .",. programme to the season, but if Hyacinth. ^ <= 4. i i lu 4. we cannot adapt the season to the programme the result is not so satisfactory as might be desired. The Royal Horticultural Society is not to be blamed for the fact that the sunless and wet skies of the last autumn inter- fered somewhat with the brilliancy of the display of Hyacinths on Tuesday last. This was not so good as usual, though there was quite enough of beauty and interest in the other plants shown to compensate for any deficiency in the Hyacinths. Moreover, it was arranged that two gentlemen from Holland were to address the meeting on the subject, and their remarks were to be sup- plemented by a paper on the cultivation of the Hyacinth in England by Mr. Douglas. The Hyacinth, therefore, was duly honoured, and the programme was properly carried out. Mr. Egbert Kersten, introduced by Mr. Morris, the Chairman, opened the proceedings with a paper in which he dealt with the natural history of the Hyacinth, its treatment, its growth and preparation for the English market, as well as for exhibition purposes in Holland. Some 5000 men are employed, it appears, in the neighbourhood of Haarlem in the bulb culture, and four sizes of bulb are selected — first-class named sorts, bedding sorts, named mixed sorts, and miniature bulbs. The methods of propagation followed are the natural formation of new bulbs or offsets, and the artificial methods of inducing the formation of new bulbs by the processes of sooopingf out the base of the bulb or by slicing FlQ. 74.— TUF, OUABDIAX of the Bl'LB-FIKLDS. it, as shown in our illustrations (Hgs. 71 and 72, p. 396). A period of six years is required to produce saleable bulbs in this way, while the reproduction by seed is even a slower process, requiring eight years. The seeds do not, as a rule, reproduce the variety, and the process of raising from seed is little used except by the few who raise new seedlings. Double Hyacinths produce no seed as a rule, but in this country, at any rate, double Hyacinths are not now in favour, the greater elegance of the single flowers deservedly giving them a higher place in popular estimation. Mr. Barxaart travelled over part of the same ground as his fellow-countryman, and dealt largely with the history of the subject, but was imperfectly heard. ;Mr. Douglas followed with some remarks on the Hyacinth, its history and culture. Some reference was made to the cultivation of the Hyacinth in England for commercial purposes, and Philip Miller was quoted as a strenuous advocate for the English culture of the Hyacinth. It was stated that the main difficulty the English cultivator had to contend with was, not the climate — which was much the same in England as it is in Holland — but the soil, which is totally distinct, being in Holland, a loose, deep sand, of a very uniform degree of moisture. The culture of the Hyacinth out-of-doors was described, and suggestions offered as to the planting of the bulbs in beds, or clumps, in the borders of distinct and decided colours, whether they be pale blue or deep blue, pale rose, pink, blush, or deep red ; whilst a goodly number of bulbs of really good varieties is to be preferred to the same number in many varieties. The bulbs should be planted with the crowns 3 inches under the surface, with a little sharp sand under and over each bulb; the soil should be deep and rich. Each spike requires to be supported with a neat stick, as they so readily snap in a high wind. For pot culture, the soil should be prepared a month or six weeks before using it; the bulbs, after being planted in their pots, should be plunged well over the rims out-of- doors ; the early-flowering varieties should be potted in September, the latest in October. Stress was laid upon the fact that Hyacinths, like other bulljs and plants, should be forced by starting them in a low temperature, to be gradually in- creased. A pan of a single dark red Hyacinth exhibited by Mr. Robert Sydenham, of Bristol Road, Birmingham, was alluded to as illustrating a very simple method of culture pursued by him for several years. Six bulbs are planted in a shallow pan, in a mixture of two parts cocoa- fibre refuse to one of shell shingle, there are no holes in the bottom of the pans for drainage so that not much water is needed, and the compost is kept sweet by lumps of charcoal being placed between the bulbs. Tulips, Scillas, and Crocuses were also stated to do admirably in these pans. Instructions were also given as to culture in glasses ; water from a well was recommended in- stead of rainwater ; a few pieces of charcoal being added to the water, and the bulbs should not be immersed in the water ; the glasses should be filled to that extent that the base of the bulbs scarcely touches the water. It was further ob- served, that the glasses with the bulbs in them should be kept in a dark place for four or five weeks ; and by the end of that time the roots would have touched the bottom of the glasses. As all these papers will be published — speedily, we hope — in the Journal of the Society, we forbear from making any further extracts from them, but as all three to some extent covered the same ground it will be for the Editors to consider how far this repetition can be avoided in the printed record. In the meantime those interested in the subject will find an excellent article in our columns on the subject liy Mr. Polnian Mooy, so far back as May 15, 1841, on which occasion we gave an illustration of a double Hyacinth such as were then fashionable, and which shows how little variation has been introduced in essentials since that time. Further- more a series of articles in the Gardeners' Chronicle for 18G3 from the pen of the late Maech 80, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 401 Robert Fortune detailing the methods of cul- ture and propagation which have not undergone any material change since that time. In IStU, at p. 348, we gave a full report of Mr. William Pai-l'.s lecture before the Horticultural Society which, as report says, •' was repeatedly cheered." Similarly the history of the Hyacinth was treated of in our columns in lS/1 by the specially com- petent hand of Mr. Krelaoe, and those inte- rested in the subject cannot do better than consult the article at p. 874, 1871. The history of the Koman Hyacinths was in like manner given iu our columns on February 1, 1870, p. 14.3. Further particulars are given in the number for April i'8, 1877, at the time of the last great Amsterdam International Exhibition. In the course of a visit we made to the bulb fields at this time, we made the sketch of the bulb grower's friend (fig. 74) and his habitation, such as may be seen in many a bulb-field in the vicinity of the very charming city of Haar- lem— ihe metropolis of Dutch bulbs — where the visitor will find no small amount of interest of varied character quite apart from the bulbs. The Royal Horticultural Society :— Orchid Scb-Committee. — The first meeting of this body took place on Tuesday last, under the presidencv of Sir Trevor Lawrence, who briefly ex- plained that the sub-committee was organised with a view of meeting the requirements of the Orchid growers. The course of procedure is to be the same as at the other committees. We have heard some doubts raised as to the necessity for this step, but judging from the first meeting, it seems likely to work well, and if this instalment of Home Rule will save any further disintegration and " dissipation of energy," we shall in the interests of horticulture be glad. Mr. James O'Brien was appointed Secretary to tlie Committee, Coltsfoot. — Some wag exhibited a small pot of the common Coltsfoot at the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday. The wonder is that no one has thought of growing this brilliant harbinger of spring before. Grown in large pans it would assuredly prove very ornamental. London Fog. — Mr. Dyer initiated at the Scien- tific Committee an interesting discussion on the effects of fog as witnessed in the Royal Gardens, Kew, where it had become necessary to wash the roofs of the houses by hand, no mere play of the hose being sufficient to remove the greasy deposit. The effect on flowers, especially Orchids, was dis- cussed by ilr. Dyer and Mr. Yeitch, and eventually it was arranged that the chemical members of the committee should furnish a brief statement as to the reasons why " London fog " is so particularly injurious. Probably a sub-committee may be formed to collect information as to the extent of damage, and the particular plants affected. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution. — We have pleasure in publishing the following reminder from the indefatigable secretary of the above institution a propos of the fiftieth year of its existence: — " Your readers are by this time aware that the year 18S9 is the year of the Jubilee of the Institu- tion, and also the manner in which it is proposed to celebrate its foundation. The committee have not entered into the matter lightly, but they have consulted many of the subscribers, who have pro- nounced in favour of the proposed manner of its celebration. "The committee are fully alive to the many difficulties that surround them, but they are not without hope of ultimate success ; and they, in con- junction with the Treasurer, are sparing neither time nor trouble to secure it, and the staff of the Insti- tution—that is, one man and one boy ;— is trying its utmost to second them, but whose united exertions will be of no avail unless the co-operation of the gardeners, lor whose benefit the Society was founded and exists, is secured. ■' We have ])roinises, as the advertising colunuis of this journal show — of over £10tK), provided the balance be forthcoming on the 13th of June, other- wise the £1000 will be lost, and our efforts and trouble will be of no avail. We have just eleven weeks for work. The time, in view of what there is to do, is short, but it is still long enough if all who have the Institution at heart, and possess feelings of sympathy for the sutfering of their fellow]creatures, will assist the committee, bearing in mind what Mr. Clayton in his letter of last week truly observed, ' the many can assist the few.' "Let us unite on this special occasion to assist iu making seventeen poor souls, who now, in the sere and yellow leaf of life, have through no fault of their own, fallen into distress and want, happy and comfortable for the remainder of their days. Many of these poor people have stood two or three elections. " Let any one picture to himself their distress at hearing they have been again unsuccessful ; the old proverb is very appropriate, ' Hope deferred maketh the heart sick." Again, I say, let us one and all join hand in hand to coramemo;?ate this our fiftieth year. The shillings of the employed will be as welcome as the pounds of the employer. Surely through the length and breadth of glorious Old England, the land of the charitable and the good, there is enough esprit du corps among the ' brethren of the spade' (following Mr. Wildsmith) to show that there will be no trouble incompleting this grand undertaking. " The majority of us will be gathered to our fathers long before another fifty years roll over us, but that the Institution will survive that time I have not the slightest doubt, and it will be a grand thing for our survivors when they celebrate the centenary (as I am sure they will) to turn to our archives and say that the horticulturists of England nobly did their duty fifty years ago. " I am always to be found at No. 50, Parliament Street, and shall be pleased at all times to afford any information, and show our books to any one who will favour me with a call. Edw. R. Cutler, Secretary, Gardeners' Eoyal Benevolent Institution." We are informed that a committee has been formed at Manchester, consisting of Messrs. Broce FiNDLAY, R. Tait, F. Robinson, and E. Griffiths Hughes, to collect subscriptions for the forthcoming Jubilee Festival. The Gardeners Orphan Fund.— A nume- rously attended meeting of the united committee to carry out the floral fete at the Wholesale Flower Market, Covent Garden, in aid of the Fund, took place at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, W.C, on Friday, the 22nd inst., Jlr. Geo. Deal presiding. Tlie Hon. Sec, Mr. A. F. Barron, reported that H.R.H. the Duchess of Teck, the Duchess of Bedford, Lady George Hamilton, and Lady Goldsmid had been pleased to have their names announced as patronesses of the fete. It was resolved that the fete should take place on Wednesday, May 22, the price of the tickets of admission to be .5s. each, and the number limited to 2000. A New " Moss^' for Orchids.— Readers in- terested in Orchids may like to know more of a new Orchid fibre, of which a sample has been sent to Kew, by Mrs. P. L. Chekry, of Astora, Oregon, along with the following memoranda ; — " I send a sample of moss, which is found here in abundance, and is getting to be quite an industry here. It is called ' California Eureka Orchid Fibre,' but it is all found on the Colombia River bottom lands. It varies in thickness, but the sample sent is about the average." The sample is a brick-like piece, 8 by 4 inches, and 8 inches in thickness. It is composed entirely of the roots of Ferns and grass, and a large proportion of sphagnum moss, all woven tightly together and forming a spongy mat. It smells sweet, absorbs and holds water like a sponge, and, being ])erfectly natural it ought to prove durable. Until it has been teste.! we cannot be certain that Orchid roots will like it. Apparently it is used for Orchids in America, and we sliould be glad to learn what Orchid growers there think of it. The cost of good peat in England is becoming almost as prohibitive to many people as is the cost of many of the Orchids themselves. Exhibition Fixtures.— The spring show held by the Bath Floral Fc/e Committee will take place on May 15, the Rose show on July 4, the autumn show on September 4 and 5, and the Chrysanthe- mum show on the 1.3th and 14lh. The summer show of the Ealing, Acton, and Hamwell Horticul- tural Society will take place on July 10, and the Chrysanthemum show on December G. Society of Arts.— a paper on "Fruit Culture for Profit in the Open Air in England "will be read by Mr. Wm. Pacl, F.L.S., at the meeting of the Society of Arts, John Street, Adelphi, London, on Wednesday, April 3, at 8 p.5i. The OrcHIDEENNE.— The sixth meeting of this Society took place on Sunday, March 10, 1889, when the following awards were made : — First-class Diplomas of Honour, for Odontoglos- sum Wilckeanum var. albens, to M. Vuylsteke, of Loochristi (unanimously conferred) ; for Odonto- glossum Lucienianum var. cordatum, to M. Linden, of Brussels ; for Odontoglossum Pescatorei var, Lindeni, to M. Warocqu^, of Mariemont. Second-class Diplomas of Honour, for Odonto- glossum Rossi var. Mommi, to M. Charle, of Forest. First-class Certificates of Merit, for Odontoglos- sum Anderson! var. Warocqueanum, to M. G. AVarocqu6, of Mariemont ; for Odontoglossum Halli var. leucoglossum, to M. Peeters, of Brussels ; for Odontoglossum President Zhaldua, to M. Vuylsteke, of Loochristi. Second-class Certificates of Meiit, for Odonto- glossum Pescatorei var. maculatum, to M. Halkin, of Brussels ; for Cypripedium bellatulum var. Maria;, to M. J. Hye, of Ghent. First-class Cultural Certificates, for Dendiobium Hilli, to M. Linden, of Brussels (unanimously con- ferred) ; for Cypripedium villosum, to M. Peeters, of Brussels (unanimously conferred). Second-class Cultural Certificate, for Cattleya amethystoglossa, to M. Peeters, of Brussels. I Amaryllis at Messrs. Veitchs. — The houseful of these gorgeous bulbs is now quite ablaze with bloom, nearly the whole of the large number occupying the central space having expanded their flowers. Some new things come out each day, and amongst them some very rich colours, combinations of colour, and distinct markings are observable. The display will probably last in perfection for about four weeks longer. Royal Botanic Society.— a meeting of the above took place on the 23rd inst., I. J. Gassiott, Esq., in the chair, when a trade sample of Coffea arabica, from the island of St. Thomi5, West Africa, was presented by Mr. E. W. Parsons, manager of the West African Telegraph Company. Dutch Bulbs.— Our friends, the Dutch, smile confidently the while they tell you that although the climate of Holland in the bulb district is substantially the same as our own, and we have abundance of the requisite kind of soil, they have no fear of our wresting the trade from them. The Dutch have long experience, which goes for a great deal, and they know full well how conservative is the course of trade. Neyertheless there are acres and acres of soil on our eastern coasts, just opposite Holland, exactly suited to bulb culture. We do not venture to recommend our distressed agriculturists to effect " the salvation of agriculture " by bulb-growing, because we believe it can be done cheaper in Hc'land ; and, moreover, we know by family tradition of an experiment of this kind having been undertaken some fifty years ago near 402 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 30, 1889. Sandwich, an admirable locality. Excellent bulbs were raised, comparing well with Dutch samples, but the grower was too conscientious to call them Dutch bulbs, and so the wholesale dealers would not bu}' them. We have an impression, thougli we are not by any means sure, that some of those bulbs eventually found their way to the nursery of the late Mr. Van Hoctte, at Ghent ! Eppinq Forest.— a deputation from the Leyton Local Boaid recently waited by arrsingement on the Epping Forest Committee to represent to that body various complaints that had been made to the Leyton Local Board with regard to the state and condition of that p.art of the forest in Leyton, and to suggest some improvements which would tend to make it more attractive as a place of recreation and amuse- ment. Mr. Gallajiek exhibited a map of the forest in Leyton, and summarised his views thus: — 1. To drain some of the damp marshy parts where the water lies stagnant. 2. To make the " hollow ponds " near Whipps Cross Koad ornamental pieces of water. 3. To place here and there a number of seats. 4. To make a patliway across from Whipps Cross Road, to the Woodford Road, to be passable in winter as well as in summer. 5. To have one of the keepersof the forest continually in that part during the day. Mr. Monuis said, during the winter months, and after heavy rainfalls in the summer, water collects, and becomes stagnant, to the injury of health. He would simply ask the conservators to have the holes filled up near the end of Leyton- stone, the land surf.ace drained, a few seats provided, and rendered a little more attractive by planting a few trees and shrubs, judiciously selected, in keeping and harmony with those now existing in the forest. The next portion of forest that requires attention is of much larger area, possessing a frontage from A. to Forest Lodge or to Whipps Cross Road, of about .5000 feet, as well as a frontage fi-om Whipps Cross to the Eagle Pond of upwards of o.'iOO feet. This portion of forest is unsurpassed for its natural picturesque beauty, and being of easy access, would prove a greater .acquisition to the general public than portions of the forest more distant. These portions of the forest are principally of gravelly sub- soil, therefore the greatest care must be exercised in not draining deeply, or excessively, otherwise the magnificent Oak and other trees, the result of more than a century's growth, and which now luxuriate in the greatest perfection, will die for want of moisture. Mr. Mouris suggested that Mr. McKenzie should make an inspection and report upon the matter. An Alpine Garden.— Under the auspices of the Swiss Alpine Club, and the Association for the Pro- tection of Plants, a garden has been established and named Linnasa, for the purpose of growing alpine plants, and inculcating the necessity of protecting them from ruthless destruction. The garden is situate at Fionnay, at an elevation of 1,500 metres in the Commune of Bagnes, Val.ais. A start has been made, but in addition to seeds, the addition of the fertilising ingredient called money is required. We shall be happy to forward any subscriptions to M. CoiiREVOK. The Rain Tree.— This tree, says Mr. Prain, the acting Superintendent, Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, is a native of America, the history of whose introduction is narrated in the Garden Reports from 187S— 1881. Its timber is not valuable, but it grows rapidly, gives excellent shade, and is a useful nurse if planted with slower growing trees, to be cut down when the latter are sufiiciently established. The reason for the suddenly increased demand was the statement that the Rain-tree will grow on Usar soil, and that such soil can thus be reclaimed. L'sar soil is barren : what is apparently meant is that the tree will grow on soil impregnated with reh salts. Such soil is not necessarily infertile, though without special treat- ment it may not afford crops except during the rains. The effect! of the presence of trees may easily explain the absence of efflorescence of the reh salts, without much improvement in the nature of the soil, nor would it be surprising to find that after a serit-s of years of Rain -tree cultivation analysis of the soil sliowed little change. But the cultivation of the tree is simple, and must increase the amenity of such districts, while its piofuse crop of sweet pulpy pods, which cattle greedily eat, ripening as it does in April and .May, supplies a valuable fodder when usually fodder is most scarce. Dieffenbachia,— Mr. Ehnest Bergman has published in the Journal of the Horliailtitral Society of France an account of the varieties of Dieffenbachia in cultivation. The sixty-three varieties, according to a note of M. Duciiartee, are referable to five species only, according to Engleb's classification : — 1, D. seguina; 2, D. picta; 3, D. humilis ; 4, D. CErstedtii; 5, D. macrophylla ; and 6, D. imperialis. M. Bergman gives a descriptive catalogue of the varieties, with directions for their cultivation and propagation. What about the Filbert Crop? — The failure of this crop is often due to the fact that the male and the female flowers respectively flower at different times instead of simultaneously. About London the male catkins are unusually late in flowering this season. Early Narcissus Poeticus.— Mr. Baylor Hartland, of Cork, sends us a handful of the sweet- smelling Narcissus Poeticus pra^cox. He states that it had been in full flower since the end of February out-of-doors, and that it grows .T feet high. He thinks it to be distinct from either N. ornatus or N. angustifolius (angustifolius and ornatus will not flower for three weeks), and came to him five years ago from Lower Italy, and has remained true to character ever since. Linnean Society.— At the evening meeting, to be held on Ajiril 4, at 8 p.m., the following papers will be read ; — 1. " On Myxomycetes," by A. Lister, F.L.S. ; 2. " On Helcion pellucidum," by R. J. Habvey Gibson, F.L.S.; 3. "On the Deep-water Fauna of Firth of Clyde," by W. G. Hoyle. Flowers in Seasons.— As flowers of spring Violets rank deservedly high in everyone's esti- mation, and none more so than the varieties of which Mr. D. Wadds, gardener, Birdsall, York, sent some flowers for our inspection. These consisted of Lady Hume Campbell, a strong-growing double flower, lasting longer in perfection than Marie Louise, which itself is a very beautiful Violet. The former is lighter in colour than the latter, and approaching near to that of De Parme. Marie Louise is, as everyone knows, of a beautiful purplish- violet colour, double and large; White Queen, like Cannell's Swanley White, is a pure wliite double flower, which should always be grown where white Violets are liked. The Czar was e.xcellent, large, and delicious of perfume. Orchids at the Bath Spring Show.— The Orchiils formed the chief attraction at the show held in the Assembly Rooms, Bath, on March 20. Messrs. Cypher, of Cheltenham, staged (not for competition) a grand group composed of over 200 plants in bloom tastefully arrangi^d with graceful Palms, Ferns, &c. Perhaps the two most remaik- able ]i]ant3 in the whole show were a magnificent specimen of a fiuevarietyof Dendi-obium Ainsworthii, with over a hundred blooms, in a fine collection sent by Mrs. Studd, of the Royil Crescent (a new exhi- bitor), and a magnificent plant of Oncidium macran- thum, with which the Rev. E. Hnndley took 1st prize for a single specimen ; and the 2nd prize was secured by Jlr. R. B. Cater, for a fine specimen of Cattleya intermedia. Messrs. Cooling & Son, Bath, had also in their group of plants arranged for effect (Ist prize) some good Orchids and Amaryllis. In the class for •ix Orchids the Rer. E. Handley wai Ist, and Mr, J. S. Holmes 2nd. In the three Orchid competi- tion Mr. R. B. Cater was 1st, and Mr. J. .Jolly was 2nd. The Rev. E. Handley was 1st for a specimen Orchid, and Mr. R. B. Cater was 2nd. Mrs. Studd also received certificates for a fine Masdevallia Veitchii grandiflora and a good form of Cypripe- dium Regnieri, and altogether a noteworthy display of these favourite plants were got together. Watford Chrysanthemum Society.— We are informed that at a meeting held on the 12th inst., it was decided that the annual exhibition of Chrysanthemums should be held at Watford on November 19 and 20. Preston and Fulwood Horticultural Society. — The eleventh spring show of this Society was held in the new public Hall, Preston, on the 20th and 21st inst. As an exhibition it was quite a success, and the best show which the Society has yet held. The sum of .£110 was ort'ered in prizes ; and there were seventy-nine classes, very few of which had less than three entries each. The most valuable prize — one of £5 5s. — was that for a group of Orchids mixed with Ferns, and which was taken by Mr. Beddoes, gr. to E. G. ^VnIGLEY, Esq., Howick House. It consisted chiefly of Cattleya Triana; in variety, there being a good display of flowers on a base of Fern. Groups of plants staged for effect on a space not exceeding 100 feet were well contested in both nurserymen and gardeners classes. The classes for Azalea indica, both in the case of nurserymen and of gardeners, were better than they have been before at Preston. There was a good show of Hyacinths, though, in former years, these have been quite as good if not better in quality. The same remark may be applied to Tulips. A splendid specimen Orchid, Dendrobium nobile, was sent from Howick House, which could not have had less than .TOO flowers. Glasgow and West of Scotland Show. — This was held on the 27th inst. Nurserymen showed well and extensively. Cyclamens were largely con- tributed. Azaleas, although good, showed signs of being touched by the frost during removal to the ex- hibition ; Orchids, alpine plants, and bulbs formed the remaining features, vegetables being only sparingly shown. Botanic Garden, King William's Town-— The annual report shows a greatly improved condi- tion of the garden, and of the conservatory. The Curator, Mi*. Leiguton, announces bis intention to resign — a circumstance wliich the committee greatly regret. South Kensington.— We notice that the plants in the Conservatory at South Kensington, tlio late property of the Royal Horticidtural Society, are to be sold by auction on Tuesday, April 9, by order of the Commissioners. Messrs. Horne Son & EvERSFiHLD, 84, Baslnghall St., E.C., are the auctioneers. Publications Received.— jYo?Krafcrs' Voijage Round the World. By C. Darwin, F.R.S. (London: John Murray, Albemarle Street.) — The Vansy, and How to Crow it. By James SiaiKiNS. (London : SiMKiN, Marshall & Co.) Trade Notices. BURNT ASH LANE NURSERIES. TnK partnership hitherto subsisting between B. B. JIaller, T. J. JIaller, and H. F. Mailer, has been dissolved so far as concerns Thomas John .Mailer, by mutual consent; and Messrs. B. B. Mailer and H. F. Mailer will continue to carry on business under the old style of B. Mailer & Sons. We learn that Messrs. Thompson and Uff have taken over the seedsmens' and florists' business lotely carried on at " The Rosarium," Ashbourne, Derbyahire, by Meair«, A. W. Godwin & Sona. March 30, 1889.] THE GA UDENEBS' CHBONICLE, 403 Book Notice. The Best Forage Plants, &c. iJy Dr. F. a. Sttbler and Dr. C. Schruter, translateil by A, N. Mc Alpine. (London : David Niitt, 270. Strand.) 4to, thirty plates. This 18 a work which may be confidently recom- mended to the notice of our agriculturists. It was prepared by Dr. Stebler, the Director of the Seed Control Station at Zuricli, and it has been copiously Uustrated by Dr. Schroter, of the same city. The introduction comprises a description of the orders Graminea; and Leguminosa;, but no special reference is made to the miscellaneous herbage which plays so large a part in mixed pastures— a rather serious omission, as their relative prevalence and power of growth so materially influence the development of the grasses and LeguminosiXi. The varying ertects of wet or dry seasons, and the influence of various manures are manifested to the fall as much in the cose of the weeds of the pasture as in the other plants. Xo adequate idea, indeed, can be obtained of what takes place in pasture or meadow-land from the study of isolated plants or species of plants. It is necessary to study the plants of our pastures not only singly but also in combination, as they occur under ordinary circumstances. ]Most important is the study of the structure of the roots and stems in combination with their mode of growth wlien isolated, but more especially when growing in association with other plants. At the present moment an old controversy is being revived as to the value of Hye-grass. While some condemn it on the ground that it speedily dies out, others point triumphantly to the fact that the grass in question forms a large proportion of the best pastures. We do not doubt either of these statements. We know the last to be true, and we have every confidence in the correctness of those who allege that the grass in question dies out" after a few years. lioth statements, however, require testing in order to get an answer to the question why the Kye-grass dies out in the one case, and how it is that it is so abundant in the other? Mr. Faunce de Laune tells us that it is so prevalent in some pasture because the animals eat other grasses first, and only fall to on the Kye-grass and the Dutch Clover when the supplies of other herbage fall short. This is a point for the grazing farmers to investigate ; for our parts, we should think such an assumption about as reasonable as the opposite one, that the animals reserve these particular plants as a bonne bouche after satisfying their hunger on the other I The real secret, we believe, lies in the mode of growth of the plants, and the particular time at which it occurs, as modified not only by climate, soil, and season, but by association with other plants, and the compulsory adaptation of the habits of one to the habits of others. When such adaptation becomes no longer possible, the weaker plants disappear, and the others takes its place. The records of the Kothamsted meadow experiments, begun in 1S56, contain a fund of infor- mation on this subject, and if the full record in the Fhilosophical Transact ivyin of the Boyai Society, for 1882, is somewhat inaccessible to most readers, an abstract may be found in the useful summary of the Rothamsted experiments made by Professor Fream (Horace Cox), or in the volume devoted to Plant Life in the late ilr. Morton's series of Agricultural Handbooks (Bradbury & Agnew). The coloured plates in the present volume do give some indication of the mode of growth of the several plants, but the root-development which is so im- portant, is inadequately treated as indeed it is in all similar works. One useful feature consists in the woodcut illustrations of the principal impurities. Mention is made of some ingenious Hamburgh seed doctors who mix small stones of the size and shape of Clover seeds with the genuine article, colouring them appropriately to heighten the illusion. The book, originally written for Swiss pastures, many of an alpine character, would have been improved by the omission of some details of little importance in this country and by the addition of fuller references to the circumstances of Knglish agriculture and to the recent literature of the subject, so far as this country is concerned, but it contains so nmch that is calculated to be of great value and importance that we do not hesitate to commend it strongly to the notice of our readers. THE MADRESFIELD GRAPE. (Concluded from p. 363.) Wu have yet to cleiil witli the most critical period, and where so raany fail— amateurs especially— that is, when the berries just begin to change colour— it is at this stage that the skin of the berry sometimes cracks, rendering the berries useless. Now, wluit is the cause of this pernicious cracking, and by what means can we prevent it ? These are all-important questions, and many ai-e the remedies suggested. Some will tell you that boring through each shoot with a gimlet between bunch and rod is a preventa- tive and cure; others say, cutting a notch half-way through the shoot will so check the flow of sap that cracking will cease ; others, again, advise the with- holding of water to the roots during this period ; some advocate a free unrestricted run of laterals, and others attribute the cause to soils— all of which I have proved to be fallacious and misleading. Barron, in his book on J'iiies and Vine Culture, say : — " If allowed to hang long, the berries are somewhat liable to crack," Now, this is a most remarkable error, by such au authority, seeing that cracking (if any) takes place just as colour changes, and long before ripeness, wliereas, if the Grapes are kept very long after being ripe, the opposite - shrivelling— actually takes place. Thompson says, in TItc Gardeners' Assistant, "If mildew be allowed to vegetate for even the short space of three days, the berries are rendered in- capable of natural distension, and cracking follows ; but of this I have no experience, and desire to have none," In point of fact, none of (.uir *' books on the Vine " give any definite information upon so important a detail, still a good deal has appeared in the gardening papers, and many conflicting opinions have been expressed, from time to time, nevertheless, I adhere to the old maxim that " prevention is better than cure," and I am prepared, and do boldly and fear- lesly assert that the cracking of Madresfield Court berries is wholly and solely due to atmospheric influences completely witiiin the growers' own con- trol, which he can and should avoid, by the follow- ing timely precautions. It frequently appears to be overlooked that there is such a thing as an atmosphere out-of-doors which is at times, close, stagnant, and heavily charged with humidity. It may be for a few hours only, and is followed rapidly by a dlHerent temperature, such as is often noticeably in thundery weather, when we have known large quantities of Plums, Cherries, Gooseberries, and other outdoor fruits crack whole- sale. It is during the prevalence of such atmospheric conditions out-of-doors, or similar conditions in- doors, artificially obtained at this critical period, that the mischief may be done, \&Ty quickly, indeed, and almost unawares, unless the grower is prompt in using the counterbalancing precautions, with the help of the hot-water pipes and the judicious admission of air night and day. This liability to crack can best be avoided by the gradual reduction of atmospheric moisture a few days previous to, and in anticipation of, the first berry commencing to colour, by maintaining a gentle circulation of dry, warm air, and by keeping up the necessary temperature night and day (bright sunshine excepted) by warmth in the heating apparatus, thus promoting a genial, buoyant, and enjoyable atmo- sphere, seldom quite closing the top ventilators. It is really astonishing, if the Vines be healthy and the leaves of proper substance, what a comparatively dry and airy atmosphere they enjoy from this stage onwards without danger. It is at all times desirable to follow Nature as far as possible, and if the foliage has liitlierto been allowed to become dry at least once in the twenty-four hours, the leaves will now possess that texture and strength that will enable the Vine to finish off to perfection its crop of luscious fruit. It is advisable to grow Madresfield Court Vines in a house by themselves, and allow them to extend but on the other hand veiy good Grapes can be, and are, produced in houses of mixed Vines. Defective ventilation has much to answer for notably in the excrescences on the under sides of the leaves, and very frequently in the attacks of certain insects. Shanking, too, may to this sometimes be partly attributable, although this is more generally a root question— or it is the result of over-cropping, and its conseipient debility. Plants in vineries are always objectionable and lead to compromises which are in many cases and in these days oi nudliim in parpo perhaps inevitable, but are none the less unsatisfactory. As regards manures a good deal has been said lately about the value of artificial fertilisei's, especially nitrate of soda (probably of the greatest advantages to makers), but my present opinion is unfavourable to their use being sceptical in respect of any permanent gain accruing to the Vines. Where it is get-at-able and can be applied without its being a nuisance I prefer ordinary house sewage or liijuid farmyard manure. I am unaware of any complete experiments or whether it is possible by grafting, inarching, or other means to improve this fine Grape, although I am aware of several incomplete cases of inarching Madrefield Court Vine on to other varieties of Vines, but I am a believer in the influence o*f stock on the scion generally. Possibly others may be able to throw some light upon so interesting an experiment. I have now in hand a small case in point, where Madresfield is inarched on to a layered Muscat, which, by the way, makes the very best o stocks. I bliall watch the results with curiosity and will report them to the members of the Associa- tion. The beauty of the foliage of tiiis Vine deserves a word in passing, notably the deep serrations, the coating of white down on the under side of the leaves, and the brilliant colour taken on by them when maturing. When quite ripe this luscious Grape may be cut and kept fresh and good in bottles for two months in a cool dry room in the usual way, whilst if a tables|)ounful of syrup be added to the water in each fjottle the flavour of the Grapes will remain unimpaired. The substance of ray experience may be summed up thus : — Given moderate-sized inexpensive vineries, simply but perfectly heated and ventilated, roots may be inside, outside, or both, as convenient laborately made borders are unnecessary but should be made piecemeal, the soil firm, and the whole under the control of the grower ; moderate extension and renovation of rooting area yearly, using every available means to encourage roots near the surface ; abundance of water always, and liquid-manure during the season of growth (colouring j)eriod excepted), sound mulchings of spent Mushroom manure, care- ful and judicious ventilation, as detailed; extensive pruning and training, and thorough ripening of the wood, early and careful stopping, thinning and dis- budding, using due discretion in cropping. These are some of the most salient points in successful cultivation, and I can safely predict that whoever will intelligently follow out the hints here given will assuredly be rewarded with satisfactory crops, and free from cracking. PLANT POETEAITS. GoDETiA Fairy Queen, Illust. Monatshefte and Moniteur d' Horticulture, March 10. Masdevallia Tovarensis, Lindenia, t. 171. Odontoglossum Cervantesi lilacinom, Lindenia, t. 172. Oncidium iRiDiFOLicM, Lindenia, t. 169. Papaver L.T;viOATDM, Illust. Monatskeftc siXiA Moni- teur d' Horticulture, March 10. FoLYSTACHYA PUBESCEN3, Lindenia, t, 170, 404 THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE. [March 30, 1889. ART EXERCISED ON FERN STEMS. M. GoDEFfiOY, we suppose, fears to satiate his reaJeis with the quaint forms and charming colours of Orchids, and so deems it advisable to lay before them occasionally a foil to so mach beauty which shall serve to rest the eye and enable it the better to appreciate the beauties of Orchids after a short diversion. At any rate, he published some time ago illustrations of some figures rudely carved out of Fern stems by the natives of the New Hebrides. Those of our readers familiar with the old Pcu7ii/ Magazine must remember the queer figures from Easter Island therein depicted ; and, moreover, they will be astonished to find under the portico of the British Museum at the present day the real originals, but in those long past days, the woodcuts gave no idea of the colossal dimensions of the figures. Pos- sibly the size was mentioned in the text, but while the memory of the illustrations remains that of the text has vanished. AVe allude to them now to point out the resemblance there is between these colossal stone figures and the rudely carved Fern stems which we have taken the liberty of copying from the pages of M. Godefroy Lebeuf 's Le Jardin (fig. 75). "When we say that thej are carved in Tree Fern stems we have given sufficient indication of their size. In Messrs. Veitch's museum at Chelsea there are several really elegant vases made from Tree Fern stems. Home Correspondence. VIOLAS AND PANSIES AS BEDDING PLANTS.— The wet summer of L'^SS served to illustrate in a remarkable manner the usefulness and the effective- ness of the tufted Pansies as bedding plants. While many of the ordinary subjects usually employed for summer bedding had a woe-begone appearance owing to the wet and lack of sunshine, the Violas were already gay and eftective alike in sunshine and rain. I saw beds of them in many parts of the country, and the same testimony could be borne whatever the locality in which they would be found. But varied and effective as they undoubtedly are, somehow many gardeners appear slow to recognise their usefulness as bedders. The late Mr. John Fleming, as far back as thirty years ago, recog- nised the great usefulness of bedding Pansies, which in their days would probably be more properly termed Violas or tufted Pansies, and his Cliveden Blue and Cliveden Yellow, both of which are now superseded by others of the same habit and shades of colour, while his old Cliveden purple is still worth growing for the purpose of forming effective masses. With these Mr. Fleming made excellent effects in the spring garden. The improvement in the Violas within the last ten years has been wonderful, and such lovely shades of colour have been produced, combined with a dense short jointed habit of growth, good constitution, and free- dom of bloom, that a flower garden might be formed wholly of Pansies, and not be either formal or want- ing in diversity. But success with Violas depends to a large extent upon planting at the right time, and treating the plants properly when planted, and where these two points get attended to their value as decorative plants would be greatly enhanced. They flourish best in a rather deep stiflish soil, with some good manure at their roots which should be placed 9 inches or so below the surface, to induce the roots to travel down in search of it. The soil having been prepared by deep digging and the laying down of this dressing of manure, planting can be done in March, if the weather be suitable, or in April. Plants divided in the autumn and the young rooted pieces planted up in nursery beds, make excellent stuff for planting in beds in spring. At the time the flower beds are planted with Hyacinths and Tulips for the spring display, Violas can also be planted as a carpet, and to succeed the bulbs, but it is necessary the plants be strong, and that they be placed in the ground long enough to become thoroughly established before the winter sets in. Mulching for the winter should be effected with leaf-soil, well decomposed manure, or cocoa-fibre refuse. Planted at this time of the year Violas come into bloom early, following the Dutch bulbs ; and when the latter have gone out of flower, and ripened their bulbs, they may be lifted without disturbing the Violas much, and others that will last through the summer may be put in their places. In this way a good display can be maintained from April until the fall of the year. Those who have not seen a bed of the blue and white blotched Viola Countess of Kintore mixed with silver variegated Pelargoniums, can have no idea of the chaste beauty of such a com- bination ; or Mrs. Gray, White Viola, with a rose or pink-coloured Pelargoniums or Viola Queen of Lilacs, or Viola elegans, with yellow Calceolarias or dwarf yellow Tagetes. A comprehensive list of good varieties would number about sixty, so that there is a large choice. Among some blooms sent from Mill Lane Nursery, Solihull, during the past summer, I was particularly struck with the brightness and beauty of the colours of such varieties as Ethel Baxter, Pytho, Sir Joseph Terry, York and Lancaster, Blue Cloud, Spotted Gem, and others, mainly new introductions, which supply colours undreamed of a few vears ago. The summer treatment of Violas consists in afford- ing the plants good waterings in dry weather. As some of the old shoots cease to flower they can be cut away, and thus space is left for the young growths to rise and yield a succession of bloom. Cuttings may be put in on a cool shady border in the open ground, during July and August, to be in readiness for the planting in October. In a bed of light soil and plenty of sand the cuttings strike readily. To grow Violas and Pieonies successfully it is essential the plants be taken up any autumn, or second season at most, cut well back, then parted, removing all old roots and stems, planting them out in nursery beds close together, for early and spring use. /?. D. THE RIBSTON PIPPIN.— I have two trees of this kind growing against a south wall which are very fine specimens, covering many square yards, and producing many hundreds of fine fruit annually, weighing from 6 to 0 oz. each, and as beautiful in form and colour as it is possible for Apples tu be. The Ribston appears to have been known to the monks in the monasteries of Normandy and Brittany, and who called it the Reinette de Bretagne. I have also heard it called the Normandy Pippin. I think Mr. W. H.Rogers — see recent numbers of Gardeners' Chronicle — is right in supposing it was originally introduced from France. I offered you the evidence of having seen it at Mont St. Michel, in Normandy, some time ago. This seventh wonder of the world has, at different stages of its existence, been a monas- tery, a military garrison, and a state prison. I saw a large tree there of the variety some years since, which was possibly phanted by the monks who once inhabited the mount, for within the outward austere conduct of their lives there is a germ of discretion which generally leads them to select the best of everything, and that may be the reason that they selected the Reinette de Bretagne Apple, i.e., our Ribston Pippin, as the best of its kind, and we must allow that their judgment was not at fault in this particular, the different features of growth, pro- ductiveness and flavour being considered. True, the trees are subject to canker, but not more so than many other varieties. This fell disease and its cure remain a riddle to this day. It too often happens that the subsoil of gardens where Apple trees thrive best is clay, and I have noticed that as soon as the roots get down to it the trees begin to lose their branches and get disfigured, the decay gradually going on until the trees are only fit to be rooted out. I have stayed it by transplanting the trees so affected and removing them to a more congenial site, or by trench- ing down under the roots, removing the clay, and replacing it with coal and wood ashes or other loose material as will constitute a good drainage, thus removing the cause and reinvigorating the trees. It is not moistuie which injures the trees, as is too often supposed ; but it is essential to their well doing that moisture should not be stagnant, as this will certainly cause the decay of the fibrous roots from which the feeders spring. I have the evidence of a row of Royal Russet Apple trees grow- ing near to a cart-road, which, two years ago, were much disfigured by canker, whole branches being destroyed by it. I adopted tlie plan named above by cutting a drain 5 feet deep parallel with the line, "1 feet at the bottom being composed of strong yellow clay, filling the bottom with loose mate- rial, replacing the soil and connecting the drain with another running at right angles. Looking at these trees now I am pleased to see tliat the decay is arrested, and a number of vigorous shoots have started from the main branches, whilst the spurs have a healthy look, and give promise of a fair crop of fruit. It is an old and a true adage that health casts off disease, and by using the best means to pro- mote the health of the trees, we also assist to restore them to vigour and health. If very fine fruit is required, it is necessary to keep the branches thin and to remove all superfluous growth, as well as thin out the frait as soon as it is fairly set. C. B. Saunders. THE COLOUR OF M. NIEL ROSE BLOOMS-— X would like to know if any reader of these pages, especially those who have had long experience of the above-named Rose, have remarked the paleness of colour in the flowers on very young plants? So far as my observations go, I have not observed the deep rich canary gold of its flowers on very young plants, whatever may have been the stock on which they were worked, or on own roots. On year-old plants the colour is not what we expect to find at all, and is much nearer to that of Gloire de Dijon. Three years ago 1 planted some two-year-old plants, which furnished only pale-coloured flowers for two years after planting ; this season, however, the blossoms are deeper in colour, and are more like those which a Marechal Niel should be. I know of one very large plant in the Midland Counties which is said to be nearly forty years old, and which still produces annually about L")00 or 2W0 well- formed blooms of a rich canary-yellow. Another very old plant occupies an unfavourable position just outside the town of Kidderminster. This, unlike the last- named plant, is planted out-of-doors against the wall of the dwelling ; in winter time the roots and a portion of the stem are frequently under water, but this does no apparent harm, for the tree produces quantities of richly coloured flowers every year. My blooms are this season of a deeper colour than usual, owing probably to the plants having been well supplied with sewage. J. WHITE ARUMS. — I have been watching with interest the remarks on Arum culture which have appeared in these pages, but so far as I can remember, Mr. Ashton is the first one to mention size of pot, and as he seems to value large spathes and I do not, I should like to know if smaller pots would reduce the size of the spathes without diminishing their numbers. Why should not healthy blooming plants be grown in 7 or 8-inch pots for the winter ? There is also one other point not touched upon yet ; I think some strains produce flowers more freely than do others and I have started an experiment to find thia out, but if the ground has already been gone over, I should like the conclusions others have found on the subject. S. J. S. RHEUMATISM AND THE STINGS OF BEES.— A very nice supply of bee literature is furnished from week to week in the British Bcc Journal. Amongst other wonderful disc(;veries of the present day, it appears to have been reserved for Dr. Tere to have discovered a cure for rheumatism in the sting of a bee. Those who have hands which refuse to catch hold of a thing properly through that painful disease, listen. He says he has tried his remedy upon 173 patients and been uniformly successful. As we have ■ no means of contradicting him, his word must be I accepted till we can disprove it. Hear ye, therefore, the words of the learned doctor. Herr Tere says, to the above 173 patients he applied 39.000 stings. The number seems to us rather appalling, but the doctor endeavours to inspire courage by say- ing that after the first sting, the pain is felt less and less, till at last it is gone. When the pain of the sting is gone, the rheumatism departs with it. Though I have had no experience of rlieumntism, and therefore no need of cure, I can vouch for the pain getting less and less, after each sting in my own case. Before dismissing the subject we might say that we have frequently heard cottagers who have had rheumatism, and been stung accidentally, say that as the pain of the sting subsided, so did the rheumatism follow suit. W. ChiHij. A METHOD OF PRESERVING APPLES AND PEARS. — Apples and Pears will often be turning in too ra|iidly, and my aim is to keep them in first-rate condition some months longer than can be done on fruit-room slielves aud on warm, dry, boarded floors in spare rooms, and such like places. I prepare a mixture ns follows : — 2 or 3 bushels of cocoa- nut fibre, 1 lb. of powdered charcoal, 1 oz. of powdered sulphur, and .} oz. of salycylic acid, all duly mixed. Place a layer of this about 1 inch thick on the damp bricks or stones in as cold a cellar as you have— temperature, say, 35° or 40° at this time March So, 188^.] THE GABbENi;i?S' CHUONTGLE. 405 of the year — then spread out the fruit evenly, then more of the mixture just to cover the fruit, and another layer of fruit, and so on. The fruit must be liaiid-picked. and treated as tenderly as eggs. My Jargonelle Pears are picked just before they begin to spoil on the trees, and before the birds spoil them. The ripening of the fruits will be retarded by their being placed iu these antiseptics, on the cold, damp floor of bricks or stones ; the materials must be damp but not wet. The smaller unripe Jargonelles will be left on the trees a little longer, and when picked I shall treat them in the same way. These small Jargonelle Pears, like other small ones, have been liable to shrivel, and were usually thrown away, until I adopted this plan, which prevents their drying-up, as they absorb the moisture from the damp mixture, and come out with good flavour months after the larger ones here disposed of. I consider this is following Nature as nearly as can be. All growers have noticed that those Apples and Pears which have fallen from the trees often only partly ripe, and which have got covered with dead leaves or litter, have been found to be iu a good state of preservation in the spring, although generally grub- eaten. I send you this that other fiuit growers may try, or improve upon the mode. Wm. Moody Bell. THE SEEDING OF PLANTS.— When a healthy plant is perfecting seeds its vigour is spent in that direction until the seeds are ripe, but when that is accomplished the force of the plant goes in other directions. It is in the nature of all perennial plants to do this, and 1 have no hesitation in asserting that the efl^ort to produce seeds does always leave a weak- ness that is seldom overcome, although an unhealthy plant or one declining in vigour may be permanently injured in this way. As an instance of this the following case affords a good illustration. It was stated in my hearing that it is not advisable to take more than two pods of seeds from a Hippeastrum, or the plant would be permanently injured by over seeding. This remark was made ten years ago, and the same season I selected five flowers from a healthy half-grown bulb with two spikes, and each flower produced a large seed-pods ; the five pods contained upwards of 7W seeds. Next year the bulb was of large size, and produced three spikes with fifteen flowers. I saved five pods again from the same plant, and the bulbs produced offsets and sixteen flowers the following season. I have the bulb now. It is the largest in our collection, and it is at the present time producing three spikes, as it has done every year since. J, Boiiglas. LIFE IN CONTINENTAL NURSERIES.— In these days, when so much has been said and written as to the desirability of raising the standard of the gardening profession, I believe that one factor which would contribute in some degree to that end is but little thought about. I refer to the advantages that are to be derived by a sojourn in some good Continental nui'sery or garden. Judging from my own experiences in a French nursery, where I was treated with the greatest kindness and courtesy, I am strongly of opinion that the rising generation of gardeners should make it one of the objects of their ambition to spend some time in Belgium, France, or Germany. While abroad in any of these countries, not only do you have an opportunity of observing the methods and ways of working of our Continental confreres, but, if a man cares to apply himself, he can also become profflcient in another language besides his own, which is an accomplishment not to be despised. And even apart from these advantages, travel is generally beneficial, and it must be confessed that we Britons have need of this to help to brush away our insular prejudices and improve our manners. At the present time it is a fact, that for every Briton you meet who can speak any language besides his own, you will find a dozen amongst our Continental neighbours. I have met many young gardeners in France and Belgium who could speak and write two and three languages. The question which naturally arises is, Why do so few of our young men go to the Continent, and what is the nature of the influences ■which deter them ? First in importance I think we may put the question of expense. If a young man be fortunate enough to get an appointment where special qualifications are wanted, he will probably be as well paid on the Continent as at home ; but as an ordinary hand in a nursery the pay is small — insuffi- cient, indeed, to enable the greater number of young men to live as they have been accustomed to do in their native country. Therefore, it is necessary before going abroad to have a few pounds to spare for current expenses after leaving sufficient to pay the expense of the journey. With many this ques- tion of expense is a serious one, and I have often thought that it might be a good thing if some of our horticultural associations were to give a few money prizes, to take the shape of travelling scholar- ships, to he competed for by young gardeners. Comparing Belgium and France, the former is the cheaper country as regards the cost of living. It is also more home like, the general habits of the people being more like our own than those of the French. The pay in Belgium, however, as a rule, is a little lower than in either France or Germany, but not- withstanding the smaller pay you can live better and cheaper in Belgium than in either of the otiier counti'ies above mentioned. Good and comfortable lodgings can be olitained in a Belgian town in private houses at from 5U to GO francs per month, the franc being equal to 9,_k^ The ordinary wage in the nurseries is about 12 francs per week for a Fig. 75,— the j-voLL'Tmy of art as FERN STEMS. PRACTISED 0.\ THEE working day of from eleven and a half to twelve hours in summer, and from daylight till dark during the winter months. In Belgium there is no regular Sunday work, other than the usual necessarv work of watering, airing, &.c. In Germany the pay is about 40 marks per month with board, the mark being equal to ll|f/. The working hours are much the same as in Belgium, with the addition of regular work on Sunday's until mid-day. In France, the usual pay is about 15 francs per week, for a working day of eleven and a half hours, and regular work until mid-day on Sundays. From the above statements it will readily be seen that a Con- tinental nursery is not a "bed of Roses," the long hours of labour being exceedingly wearisome at first until you begin to get accustomed to it. These long hours with so much Sunday work, are against the British workman, but where a special arrange- ment cannot be entered into, it has to be made the best of, and on the whole, the time will be found to pass both pleasantly and profitably, there being so much of interest to see and hear. Certainly it is true that for a time after going to a foreign country where one does not know the language there is a con- siderable isolation, but this also has to be borne and it is a drawback which gradually, and in most cases S])eedily disappears. In Belgium and especially in Ghent — that great and prosperous centre of horticulture — you find many imlividuals who speak English, and a new comer will generally find some one to assist him to procure lodgings. Ghent, of all the Continental towns, is the place to see nursery work, but if a man wishes to ac([uire proficiency in a useful language then Belgium is not the country to go to, as the prevailing language is Flemish, which is of little use elsewhere. Certainly the commercial and educated classes speak French, but in a nursery one is sur- rounded all day by Flemish speaking workmen, which makes it likely that Flemish will be learnt before French. France has numerous horticultural establishments, many of which have world-wide reputations, and in most of these nurseries much that is interesting and useful mav be learnt. If German is the language that it is desired to acquire, there are many good estalishments in that country, and in Austria, in Berlin, Hamburgh, and Erfurt, and Vienna, and elsewhere. As 1 men- tioned previously, the social conditions of France difi'er very considerably from our own, and conse- quently residence there is a great change to a Briton. There is hardly such a thing as private lodgings, as we understand the term, the system prevailing savouring more of the boarding-house. Generally a young man lives in a caf^. or hotel, and has a bedroom to himself, all meals being taken at the common table. Others prefer to have a bedroom in a private house, but take their meals at the most convenient cafC. In a respectable cafe board and lodging (chambre a coucher et pension) cannot be had below 60 francs per month, and even at that figure the living is not by any means luxurious. For 80 to 00 francs per month you can obtain quarters of a superior kind, but at the first-named figure you can live com- fortably. The early part of spring is the best time to get a situation on the Continent, at that season men being in greater demand than at others. It is also the pleasantest time of the year, and the time when most can be seen of the work carried on. J. Wilson, Jan., Grccnsidc Nursery, St. Andrews. NB. EARLINESS OF THE SEASON.— In passing through Cockfield (Suffolk) last week, March 13, I was delighted to see the Coltsfoot in full bloom on the sunny side of the railway embankment, making it, look quite gay with its bright heads of yellow flowers. I was told on inquiry that it had been in bloom quite a fortnight, that is rather earlier than it was first seen near London, viz., March 9. It is said that in this village a wild Primrose has never been found growing. I have qo doubt that those who are iu possession of Dr. Babbington s Flora of Suffolk (now lately published, I believe) will be able to find if such be correct. C. Cuiid.y, THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDGED AURI- CULAS.^I have lately received an interesting letter from Mr. Philip J. Worsley, who is spending the winter in the Engadine, Switzerland, in which he in- forms me that, as every piece of evidence as to the date at which the edged forms of show Auriculas first appeared, has its value to those who are interested in the question of their origin, he mentions, at the risk of restating a well-known authority, a work on botany in Latin and German, containing a series of copper-plate illustrations of sixty-two pips of garden Auriculas, hand-coloured, besides two pages of illus- trations of trusses and leaves of Auriculas, published in the year 1737. The title runs — "Phytanthoza Iconographica, sive conspectus aliquot millium Plantarum, A. Joanne, Guilielmo Weinmanno Di- casterii ratisbonensis Assessore Collectarum quorum denominationes explicantur a D. Joanne Georgie Nicolas Dieterice. Ratisbonic mdccxxxvii." Mr. Worsley goes on to say : — " The Auriculas illus- trated shows selfs of yellow, crimson, and brown colours, with well-defined circular white paste. Several of the pipa are most irregular in outline, and have angular pastes. A large number are brindled, that is to say, the body colour is variegated in a radial direction, in lines, spots and dashes, the colours being mixed of red, yellow, green, and white. Among these there is but one edged flower — a green edge, of large size ; the edge is wide and clean, the body colour is crimson. There is no grey or white-edged flower among the whole sixty-two, althougn many of the selfs are shown to have the body-colour thinly sprinkled with meal, chiefly about the inner edges. Apparently the 40G TEE GAIiDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [March 30, 1889. white and grey-edged Auricula? were not known at this date in Bivaria, although so near to the probable original source of the garden Auricula." The book above mentioned is in four large volumes. The arrangement of the plants is alph.ibetical. There is also an interesting series of Pinks, wild and cultivated. It would appear from the foregoing that the green-edgfd Auricula is the older form, and perhaps the one at th.at time cared for. But one can understand that the meal would persist in appearing upon the edge, and in course of time it came to be a recognised type ; while the thickening of the meal gradually led' to the selection of what are known as the white-edged flowers. B. Scan. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. M.^RCH 26.— The meeting on Tuesday last was of a very interesting nature, exhibits being numerous and varied. Orchids were largely shown, and the new Orchid section of the Flor.il Committee which met for the first time, had its time well occupied. In the afternoon papers dealing with the Hyacinth were read by Messrs. Egbert Kersten and Jhr. A. E. Barnaart, two well known Putch growers. Mr. J. Douglas followed with a paper on Hyacinth cultiva- tion in England ; all three of which will appear in the Journal of the Society. It is to be regretted that, owing to the unfavourable season last year, that bulbs were not up to the general exhibition standard ; and Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, S.W., alone were exhibitors of a collection of Hyacinths. Floral Committee. Present at the Floral Committee : W. Marshall, Esq.. in the chair; and Messrs. R. Dean, J. Laing, H. Herbrt, J. Walker, T. W. Girdlestone, G. Nichol- son, R. B. Lowe, J. Eraser, P. Blair, and G. Paul. — At the Orchid Committee : Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in the chair; and Messrs. II. J. Veitch, J. Douglas, G. Hill, C. Pclcher, J. Dominy, II. Bal- lantyne, H. M. PoUett, J. Baines, .1. O'Brien, M. T. Masters, J. Roberts, F. Sander, and F. Moore. Sir Trevor Lawrence. Bart, JI.P., had a very interesting collection of Orchids, embracing several good plants, all well grown and in excellent con- dition. There were the new hjbrid Dendrobium melanodiscus. described in our issue for March '.), p. 2'J ; Oncidium superbiens, the flowers of which are about 1.^ inch across, glossy. The petals and sepals triangular, with a long claw, deep brown, with a yellow apex, and a yellow median band on the outer surface of the sepals, the petals whitish, with several large bro^vn spots, the lip bearing a pro- minent lilac crest ; Cattleya Trian;c eboracensis, with ten flowers, was a good centre-piece ; Cyrabidium devonianum, with a spike of dull brown flowers; the bright yellow Spathoglottis Kimballiana, and several Odontoglossums, such as O. crispum vars., 0. Ruck- erianum, O. Pescatorei, and Dendrobium Wardianum, with Masdevallias and others, were also prominent. A pretty object was Oncidium bifolium mnjus, of which a good specimen came from Messrs. E\ Sander & Co,, St. Albans. The numerous bright clear yellow flowers were very striking. Cyrtopodium puncta'tum was shown by J. Hudd, Esq , Gordon House, Blackheath Park, the plant carrying a vigorous spike of clear yellow flowers, the petals being just tinged with green. From the Rev. E. Handley, Bath, came a plant of Oncidium macranthum, with a spike of twenty-six flowers of good si/.e ; and a mass of Cymbidium eburneum, with twenty good flowers, was sent by Mr. .1. Douglas, Great Gearies, llford. AV. C. Pickersgill, Esq., Blendon Hall, Bexley, con- tributed three very large and clean flowers of Lycaste Skinneri varieties with delicate colourings; and a good spike of Odontoglossum crispum prettily marked. The peculiar lookingCyrtopodium Saintlegerianum (illustrated for our issue for August 18, 1SS8) was re- presented by a large well flowered spike from Mr. Cummins, gr. to A. H. Smee, Esq., Wallington, who also ccntributed under the name of Odontoglossum rigidum, a spike about 2J feet or more long, bearing a few yellow flowers about three-quarters of an inch long, the petals and sepals small lanceolate, and the lip spreading; also Masdevallia Chestertoni, green with purple-brown spots and a prominent ten-a-cotta lip, for which this species is remarkable ; a bloom of Cattleya Schroderii? alba was also shown. From Jlr. Bruce Findley. Manchester Botanic Gardens was a plant of Cattleya Triana: variety, with the two petals streaked with a crimson line for about li inch from the apex downwards. The lip too, was of a good deep colour, the ground colour being a good rosy-lilac. Finely marked and coloured r)ncidium triumphans were contributed by S. B. White, Esq. ; and Sir Charles W. Strickland, Bart., Hildenley, Vorkshire, sent a specimen of Cattleya citrina with three bright flowers. An unnamed Cvrnbidium came from ]\Ir. W. Swan, gr. to G. C. Raphael, Esq., Castle Hill, Englefleld Green ; it was a fine vigorous plant with Iris-like leaves of deep green colour, with spike IS inches long, bearing smallish green flowers, the lip more yellow than the other segments, and the throat purple- brown. The plant is of a very pleasing ap- pearance. An exhibit attracting much attention was that of H- J. Ehves, Esq., Preston, Cirencester, who had a specimen of Shortia galacifolia, which he had brought over from North America, having col- lected it on the Alleghany Mountains last year, and it has now flowered in a cold frame. (See fig. 73. ]i. 397.) There was also a flower of Tulipa Kauf- manniana, a native of Central Asia. The segments are about 3 inches in length, and f inch wide, erect, deep orange-yellow at the base, and lor about one- third of the length fading into a pale sulphur-yellow. It will doubtless be a welcome addition to the border, as it is said to be quite hardy. A bunch of Fortune's yellow Rose, was a con- spicuous object, receiving much notice. The brownish colour should find much favour now-a- days. This Rose is an excellent one for training in a house, as could have been seen at Chiswick twenty years ago. It is a very free flowerer ; a wall also is a very suitable position, An effective group of miscellaneous plants, occu- pying half the length of the Hall, was staged by Mr. George Phippen, The Nurseries, Reading, Hyacinths, Tulips, Lily of the Valley, and Primula obconica being the chief flowering plants, and these were varied by Geonoma gracilis in profusion. From Messrs. J. Laing 5: Son, Forest Hill, S.E., there was a gracefully arranged group of Cliveas, with Orchids, Crotons, and Geonoma gracilis, edged with Adiantums. The Cliveas were very fine, especially Jlrs. Laing, which has a good heavy truss, the individual flowers being large, expanding, full red-orange and a yellow throat ; and .lohn Laing, very deep scarlet-orange, full truss, and flowers of good substance; Sulphureum,. pale salmon, with a sulphur-yellow throat, showed well in contrast. The Orchids in the group comprised CattleyaTrianse, Cymbidium eburneum, Dendrobium Wardianum, Odontoglossum Rossi majus, &c. A few brightly coloured hardy Primroses were shown by Mr. R. Dean, Ealing. W., and of these the most noteworthy were: — The Mik.ado, red- chocolate ground, with a fringed white edging and yellow eye — a very pretty object; Prosperine, rosy- magenta, with a streak of white through the centre of each petal, giving it a very singular look. Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley, showed Franciscea calycina and F. grandiflora, and and magnificent flower heads of Brownea grandiceps, B. coccinea, and B. c. hybrida, these last making a bold show, especially B. grandiceps, which was I! inches across, and not fully open ; B. c. hybrida is a supposed hybrid between the others, and has trusses of inter- mcdi.ate size, with the fine colour of B. grrvndiceps. B. coccinea has numerous small trusses. All have crimson or deep rose-coloured flowers in globular heads, and have bold pinnate foliage. A group of a varied nature was sent by Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, in which forced Polyantha Rose Mignonette, fringed Musk Rose, the York and Lancaster, and the green-flowered liose were prominent ; also fine examples of forced Lilac Marie Louise, small plants, with a profusion of flower. Alpines were largely contributed and included Saxifraga Malyi, which has tufts of clear yellow flowers borne on scapes 2 or 3 inches long, and well above the foliage ; S. oppositifolin minor, and S. o. major, the flowers of the latter being three times us large as those of the former, and making a very attractive rock plant, with its conspicuous deep rosy-pnrple flowers. Other plants were S. corio- phylla, S. lutea purpurea, Hepatica triloba vars. Anemone Pulsatilla, Scilla bifolia rosea. Iris reticu- lata. Sic. A large collection of hardy herbaceous plants was contributed by Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., numerous favourite N.arcissi, including cyclamineus, nanus and minor, formed the major part of this display. There were also Mvosotis dissitiflora alba, pure white ; Erytlironiums, Scillas, Cyclamen Atkinsi vars., Crocus vernus vars., and Anemone coronaria in bright colours. A number of Cyclamen of medium quality in pots were shown by Mr. Hibburt, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Kingston ; and Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Ilolborn, had plants of the quilled Cineraria Emperor Frederick and cut blooms of good size and colour from their collection. Messrs. .1. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea exhibited the only extensive group of Hyacinths in the Hall, and although these were pronounced to be a little less robust than those shown by them and others last season, there were many flower spikes of much ex- cellence amongst them. It need hardly be said that the collection consisted of single flowered varieties. They were shown, for greater ease in comparing the bloom in groups of three each, and this is decidedly an improvement on the usual mixture. In whites there were Mont Blanc, a large spik-e ; Alba superbissima, a medium-sized spike; Lady Derby, great breadth and length of spike : La Grandesse, still one of the best; Snowball eciually asgood as the last named ; Madame Van der Hoop, a new variety ; has full bells; Christine Henrica — a fine blush-white; Mrs. Goschen has a short and compact spike ; and Llnnncence has a fine spike. In light blues may be mentioned Duchess of Edin- burgh, a broad, compact, and long spike of porcelain tint ; Grand Maitre, a spike of closely set small bells, and long and narrow ; De Candolle, a tall and narrow spike, lilac blue; Lord Derby, a fine broad truss, with enough bells, but not crowded with them. Of dark blue varieties, mention may be made of The Sultan, a close, compact, flower, darker than King of Blues, yvhich last was also shown in medium sized compact spikes ; William III., a fine dark, with closely set bells ; King of Blacks, is very dark, and had a large spike with compactly set bells ; Prince of Wales is a tall spike of medium width and of a pleasing deep tint, the white eye being a distinct feature. In purple or some shade of it were James Watt, with a small but compact spike; and L'Esperance, magenta coloured, smallish bells, a nice, compact spike. The red or pink coloured varieties consisted of Macaulav, an excellent full spike ; Koh-i-noor, one of the best of its colour, and a splendid spike. Charles Dickens (there was also a blue variety of this name shown) was well known, and it is still good enough for a show-flower ; Garibaldi had a fair spike, rather narrow : the whole plant is low in stature, and the color of the flowers a shade of crimson ; King of Reds is paler than the last named, but is pleading; it had a compact spike ; Salmon King had a com- pact full truss; La .Toyeuse ; Princess Helena had crum])led bells, and compactly set, the colour being a shade of rose. Von Schiller has a stripe in the petals more distinct than that in Koh-i-noor, which variety it resembles in other points ; General Pelis- sier is a good crimson; Vuurbaak is well known; Etna is red with a paler edge to the petal, and has a short compact spike; Challenger is am.iranth coloured, and has a full compact spike. Yellow varieties were Bird of Paradise and Ida, both old — spikes long and narrow, but with bells compactly set together; Autocr.at (new) has a full compact truss of a lemon colour, an improvenrent on the last-named. Yellow Hammer (new) is paler than Autocrat, and has bells closely set — it is a good one for a yellow variety. The new varieties of Amaryllis shown were Teren- tian, a beautifully formed brilliant, but yet dark crimson — it dilfers from most in having no other colour interiorly ; Faust, a crimson with white stripes ; Ceres, same colour banded white ; Juvenal. Roscrea. A^nlida, and others. Messrs. Veitch also had plants of the very decora- tive Boronia heterophylla, and a hybrid Dendrobium named D.micans ; the parentage of the latter is stated to be I>. Wardianum and D. lituiflorum. The plant shown had a j)seudo-bulb in appearance like that of Wardianum, which is about 3 ft. long, surmounted by some balf-do/en flowers resembling a fine D. nc- bile in form and colour, the lip, however, is more expanding; the throat is very deep purple, the rest white with a purple suflTusion on the median lobe. The sepals and petals are white with purplish suffu- sion at the apices. The growth of the plant strongly recalls that of D, lituiflorum. V Mabct 30, 1889.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 407 Awards. First c'.ass Certlfwatea. To Clivea John Laing, from >tpssrs. J. Laing & Sons (7 votes). To Aiuarvllis Terentian, from Messrs. .T. Veitch & Sons (unanimously). To Saxifiiiga Malji, from Messrs. Paul & Son (7 votes). To Primrose The Mikado, from Mr. R. Dean (5—4 votes). To Shortia g.ilacifolia, from H. J. Elives, Esq. (unanimously). To Oncidium superbiens, from Sir Trevor Law- rence. To Dendrobium micau3X,from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons (unanimously). Aimrd of Mrrit. To Hyacinth Yellow Hammer, from Messrs J. Veitch & Sons. To Dendrobium melanodiscusX, from Sir Trevor Lawrence. To Cattleya Triana; var., from Mr. Bruce Findlay. Bofanicxl Cerfljica/e. To Masde^allia Chestertoni, from A. H. Smee, Esq. Medals. Sihvr-gi/l BaitKsinii, to Mr. G. Phippen, for a group of Hyacinths, Tulips, &c. Sili-er Ban /.Stan, to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for a group of Hyacinths ; to Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, for group of Clive.as, &c. ; to Messrs. IJarr & Son, for group of Daffodils. Fruit Committee. Present : Sir C. W. Strickland, Bart., in the chair; and Messrs. R. D. Blacktnore. 11. Weir, Ph. Crowley, .T. Willard, V. y. Lane, G. Wythes. A. H. Pearson, T. J. Saltmarsh. \V. Warren, G. Bunyard, C. Ko.ss, Oh. Ilavcock, J. Hudson, .T. Clieal, J. Wri.ght, P. Ban-. R. Hogg, and G. W. Cummins. This committee had only two exhibits to engage its attention, the chii-f being a dish of Black Ham- burgli Giapp. well coloured, and the bunch of good siie and fitrm. from \V. F. Hume-Dick, Esq., Thames Ditton Park igr. Mr. \V. Palmer), for which a Cul- tural Commendation was awarded. Messrs. W. & J. Brown, Pet-rborongh, showed a dish of Shillaker's seedling Apple, which was passed. Horticultural appliances were shown by Messrs. Chas. Toope & Co., Stepney Green, London, E., who had their Simplex Fumigator, which consists of a copper pipe like an ordinary smoking pipe with a cap over it, to wliich a tube is attached for blowing down. The Asbestos Hot- water- pipe Propagator is a Kinc box to fit over the ordinary heating pipe, and in it is a Layer of asbestos shreds which are kept moist and so evolve a vapour to the seeds, and placed on a shelf above. The Sphincter Grip Armoured Hose Co., Limited, 63, Fore .St., E.C;, bad a sample of their hose which has a casing of wire externally. CRYSTAL PALACE. March 23. — The first spring show was held under mo5t favourable conditions of weather, last Saturday being bright and warm. There was a good attend- ance of visitors, but whether the floial display or the photographic exhibition was the chief attraction cannot be said. The exhibition was rather modest in size, and the general quality, perhaps, a trifle below last year's standard. Cyclamen formed a strong feature of the show, Mr. D. Phillips, Langley Broom, Slough, leading well in the amateurs and tlie open classes ; Mr. J. Odell following well in the latter case. In the non- corapeting exhibits they figured well, Mr. B. S. AVilliams, Victoria and Paradise Nursery, Upper Holloway, X., having a good .-election of his fine strain ; there were also Primulas and some well- flowered Cliveas in tiiis group. Mr. .James, Farnham Royal, Slough, also sent some good Cyclamens and Cinerarias; and from Mr. Hibburt there was a quantity of rather small specimens with bright flowers. Cinerarias from Mr. J. Ford, gr. to Sir C. Piggott, Bart. Wexham Park, Slough, were large and pro- fusely flowered good greenhouse decoration plants, with which he led in the open class. This exhibitor was a good 2nd in the amateurs' class for twelve, following on ^Fr. A. Carter, gr. to Alderman Evans, E^vfll Grove, E^vell, who made a good show with well- flowered plants. Messrs. H. Williami S: Sons, Fortis Green, Finchley, swept ofl'tlie leading prizes in the nursery- man's section for Hyacinths, Tulips, and Narcissi (Ta',(etta), with good sp.*cimens of each for this season, all being of the most popular varieties. They were 2iul for Lily of the Valley with good samples, but in pots of too large a size, i^Iessrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., receiving Ist with well-flowered compact lots. Mr. T. Penfold, gr. to Rev. Canon Bridges, Beddington House, Beddington, had an excellent evenly-flowered lot, which won the leading place in the amateurs' class. Mr. W. Monk, gr. to J. R. Higgins, Esq., E.ast- lands, Dulwich, was the best amateur exhibitor of Tulips and of Narcissi ( Tazetta), his Tulips being of fine quality. The Narcissi were of medium size, but well coloured. The best twelve Hyacinths from an amateur were those of .Mr. J. Kodbourne, gr. to Baroness Heath, Coombe House, near Croydon, who lead in a competition of seven. Gertrude and King of the Blues were very fine here. The same exhibitor con- tributed a non-competing group of Lachenalias in baskets, and jjlants of Primula obconica in pots. Jlessrs. -J. Laing & Sons were placed 1st for a group of miscellaneous plants for an effective and delicate arrangement of Dendrobium Wardianum. Cattleya Trian.-c, and other Oicliids, with Gloxinias, and various Palms and Ferns; Mr. H. James. Castle Hill Nursery. Norwood, being 2nd, with Azaleas, Pandanus, small Palms, and various Orchids. The leading lot of twenty-four greenhouse Azaleas was from I\[r. C. Nunn, gr. to J. Soames, Esq., Greenwich Park ; and Mr. R. Wells, Sydenham, was placed 2nd, both having small, fairly well flowered plants. From Messrs. Pa-,il & Son. Old Nurseries, Cheshnnt, came the prize lot of Amaryllis, which contained some finely formed flowers of good colour. This firm also contributed a good collection of forced Roses, and numerous prettv aljjines. A barge collection of cut Diffodil blooms from Mr. T. S. Ware. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, made a good display ; and several boxes of cut Cameliias from Mtssrs. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, were conspicuous. LINNEAN. Maech 2L — Mr. Carruthers, F.U.S., President in the chair; Messrs. H. B. llewitson, W. Narrasmore, W. .J, Rabbits, and M B, Slater, were elected Fellows. Mr. T. Christy exhibited the pod (36 inches in length), of an Apocynaceous plant received from the Gaboon as Strophanthus, but believed to be allied to Holarrhena. Mr. W. 15. Hemsley furnished a report on the botanical collections made on Christmas Island during the voyage of the Ei/cria. This includes a complete list of the plants collected, with remarks on their general distribution, the author being of opinion that the flora of this island, which lies about 200 miles south of the western end of Jav.a. was more nearly related to that of the JIalayan Archipelago than to that of Australi.a. Mr. R. A. Rolfe commented on three species of Orchids which had been brought home by this expe- dition, all of which were new. Mr. Thiselton Dver, referring to Mr. Lister's Report to the British Association on the Zoological ctdlections from this island, in which it was stated that the character of the avi fauna was Australian, considered that this was not borne out bv an examination of the flora, which was decidedly Malayan. A paper was then read by Mr. R. A. Rolfe on the sextnal forms of Catasetnm, with special reference to the researches of Darwin and others. The purport of Darwin's paper (Journ. Limi. Soc, 1862) was to show that Catasetum tridentatum had been seen bv Schoraburgk to nroduce three different kinds of flowers belonging to the same number of sujiposed genera, all on the same plant, and that the three represented respectively the male, female and her- maphrodite states of the sjiecies. Mr. Rolfe showed that Schouiburgk's remarks applied to two distinct species — C. tridentatum and C. barbatum, the females of which resemble each other so closelv that they are thought to be one and the same, namelv, Monacanthus viridis. Neither of these, however, belonged to the true plant of that name, which was really the female of another species, namely, 0. cernuuni— a fact hitherto unsuspected. The key of the situition w.is that the females of several species resembled each other very closely, and to three of them the name Monacanthus viridis had been applied. PRESTON SPRIN(J FLOWER SHO'W. Wkdxesd.vv, March 20.— The 11th spring flower show and floral ./'I'/e in connection with the Preston and Fulwood Horticultural Society, was opened in the Prestim Public Hall by the' President. The prizes given by the Society were valued at over £100, and there were a larger number of entries than was the case last year. The principal prize- winners were Mr. J. B. Dixon, Preston; Jlr. L. Rawsthorno, Hultou Hall ; Mr. R. Sjuith, J. P., Longridge, and Mr. W. P. Sinclair, M.P., Liverp:jol. READING. An- exhibition of flowei-s arranged by Mr. G. Phippen, The Victoria Nurseries, Reading, was held in tlie Old Town Hall on the 20th iust., and attracted a large number of visitors. ^Ir. Lees, gr. at The Wilderness, staged some well-Bowered Siiirxas, Azaleas, and some pots of white Cyclamen, the whole group being nicely relieved with foliage. Mr. Turton, gr. at Maiden Erlegh, had a nice group of plants, including .an Anthurium, choice Begonias, Cine- rarias. Palms, and good spikes of Hyacinths. From the Caversham Rectory conservatories came a group, including Dendrobium species, a Cattleya, and some Palms, with Cytisus in the background. All the other exhibits were from Mr. Phippen's extensive nurseries. The show of Lilies of the Valley grown in boxes was very fine; in all there were lio fewer than from GOOO to 7000 spikes. The cut Tulips numbered about .5000, and the Hyacinths in pots about 800. comprising most varieties in commerce. There was also a very choice lot of miniature and other Hyacinths. RICHMOND SPRING FLOWER SHOW. The first show of spring flowers held at Richmond, Surrey, took place on the 2 Ist and 22nd inst., at the Castle Assembly Rooms. Many varieties of Narcissus were exhibited. Hyacinths and Tulips were also in abundance, in company with splendid collections of Cyclamen, Azaleas, and Orchids. Messrs. Williams & .Sons, of Finchley, carried all before them in the classes for Hyacinths .and Tulips ; local exhibitors, however, deserve a word of praise for their productions, many of which were highly creditable. Chinese Primulas were shown by Messrs. Williams & Sons, Mr. Brown, and Mr. Bates. g The miscellaneous groups of plants were a great feature of the show, and there was a close fight for first honours between Messrs. Williams & Sons. Jlr. James, and XIr. Fordham. The Cyclamen of Mr. Henry Little and Mr. Clay were much admired, .and the same may be said of the stands of flowers and foliage contributed by Mr. Chard and Mrs. Herbert Chapman ; the bouquets of Messrs. Perkins & Sons, Mr. Bray, and Mr. Chard. For a collection of Orchids Mr. Henry Little was awarded a silver medal. Amongthe chief specimens were the Cymbidium Lowianum. Cattleva Triansc, Cypnpedium Boxalli, Dendrobium Wardianum, Odontoglossnm Alexandr.a^ with others of equal beauty. A good display of Narcissus, including some new varieties, was sent by Messrs. Barr & Son, of 12 & 1.3, King-street, Covent Garden, who also exhibited a number of hardy Cyclamen and other plants of spring flowers, and Messrs. Ccdlins Brothers & Gabriel, of 30. Waterloo-road, S.E , and Mr. Thomas S. Ware, Tottenham, showed large numbers of spring flowers Mr. W. Poupart re- ceived a prize for a very choice group of Narcissus, Hyacinths, and Tulips. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. The Society met on Thursday, March 14, in 5, St. Andrew Square, Dr. Craig, President, in the chair. Mr. William Ev.ans called attention to his find of Zostera nana at Aberlady on the Firth of Forth, Mr. A.Bennett, F.L.S.. communicated the finding of Cala- magrostis sticta var. borealis, Hartm., in Scotland ; Obituaries of Dr. Boswell, of Balmuto, by Dr. Cleg- horn; of Dr. Crichbon, of Arbroath, by W. BeU; 408 THE GABDENERS' GHSONiCLk [March 50, li^. and of John Allan, of Tanhill, by Dr. McFarlane, wpre read. Mr. Lindsay gave in his report on temperature and Vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden for February, which was as follows: — " During the month of February, the thermometer was at or below the freezing point on twenty morn- ings, indicating collectively 103° of frost, as against 121° for the corresponding month last year. The lowest readings were on the 10th, 18° ; *llth, 18°; 12th, 20°; 16th, 24°; and 24th, 24°. The lowest day temperature was 33° on the 9th, and the highest 55° on the 1st of the month. Slight falls of snow occurred on seven days and rain on four days. A good many spring plants have come into blossom, but vegetation generally, is making slow progress. There is no perceptible change on the buds of de- ciduous trees. A few hardy shrubs are fairly well advanced such as species of R-ibes, CratiEgus, and Nuttallia. Flowers of Rhododendron priecox and Nobleannm were injured by frost on the 10th, but so far, extremely little injury has been done by frost this winter, many half hardy plants are still quite safe in the open borders without protection of any kind having been afforded them. The following spring plants annually recorded, came into flower, viz.: — Scilla pra;cox. on February 1 ; S. sibirica on Feb. 3; Eranthis hyeraalis, on Feb. 3; Rhodo- dendron Nobleanura, on Feb. 6; Tussilago alba, on Feb. 14; Crocus susianus, on Feb. 14 ; Bulbocodium vernum, on Feb. IS ; Sisyrinchium grandiflorum, on Feb. 20 ; Corylus Avellana, on Feb. 22 ; Symplo- carpus foetidus, on Feb. 22; Crocus vernus, on Feb. 23; Iris reticulata, on Feb. 25; Sisyrinchium gran- diflorum album, on Feb. 26; Tussilago nivea, on Feb. 27. On the rock garden twenty-seven species came into flower during the month, amongst which were — Corbularia nivalis, Corydalis angustifolia, Cyclamen Atkinsi, Crocus annulatus, C. Olivieri, C. suaveolens ; Galanthus Elwesii, Leucoium carpa- ticum. Narcissus minimus. Ranunculus anemonoides, Saxifraga Burseriana." Mr. Bullen communicated his " Record of Tem- perature, Vegetation, &c., in the Botanic Garden, Glasgow, for February, 1889 " : — " On the second day of the month the almost unbroken record of mild weather for the time being came to a close with a sharp snowstorm from the west, accompanied by a high wind and 4° of frost at night, yince then frost has been registered on twenty-one nights. The lowest readings were 20° and 21°, or 12° and 11° of frost during the nights of the 9th and 10th respectively ; these were the only days on which the temperature did not rise above the freezing-point, 1° and 3° being registered at noon each day. The day temperature was fre- quently high, with bright sunshine, 40° to 48° being frequent in the shade during the third week of the month. The total night readings were 98°, or 10° more than the total readings for the same month last year. If we except the snowstorms of the 2nd and 8th, the rainfall has been light. One of the most striking features of the season has been the sudden changes of temperature and of weather; but frosts and snow showers have been so frequent vegetation has been thoroughly retarded. The plants recorded as being in an advanced state of growth during February last year are this year com- paratively dormant." Exhibits were as follows: — From the garden: Brownea coccinea, in flower; Eugenia dysenterica, in flower and fruit ; Grevillea biternata, pot of Galanthus Sharlockii, and a cut flower of the double-flowered Sparmannia africana, H. E. Hole, Esq.. of Quorn Lodge, Loughborough, sent flowers of Snowdrop, Snowflake, Cineraria, Lily of the Valley, and Tobacco, which were coloured in a remarkable way by the absorption of aniline dyes. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 25, is furnished from the Meteorological Offlce : — "The weather has been in a cloudy and unsettled condition very generally. A good deal of rain has fallen in most parts of the kingdom; in the E. of England, the S. of Ireland, and the Channel Islands, the fall has been less heavy than elsewhere, in the two last-named districts the fall has been less than the average. " The temperature has been rather below the mean in 'England, S,W.' and the ' Channel Islands'; in most other parts of the^kingdom it has been above, and in 'England, E.' an excess of 3° is shown. The highest of the maxima were registered generally on the 24th, and varied from 54^ in the ' Channel Islands * to G3° in the 'Midland Counties,' and to 06° in ' Scotland, E.' (at Aberdeen). In ' England, E.' (at Rothamsted), a reading of 66° was recorded on the 25th. The lowest of the minima occurred on the 22nd, and varied from 25° in Scotland, and the 'Midland Counties ' to 30° in 'England, E,,' and to 33° in the 'Channel Islands.' " Rainfall has been rather less than the mean in the S. of Ireland and at Scilly, but more in all other districts, espncially over the \V. of England. " Bright sitnshiiie has been more prevalent than it was last week, but the percentage of the possible duration has continued low generally ; in some parts of England 29 per cent, has been recorded, but in * Ireland, AV." the per centage was only 15, and in 'Scotland, W.' 12.'' Plants in Pots.— Avkraqe Wholesale Prices. [Bi* the term "accumuUiteJ temperature" is meaot a figure represeating the aggregate amount, a 3 well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below ■i2° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Diy-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1'^ continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. i Rainfall. Bright Sun. is Accumulated d s 4 k o 2 S 1 s g h m Co-; i! >.* 3| _22 3 . s ""a q 1 1 •3 g"! S-^ ■2 2 1 S i 1 C.9 II li <'' < n •^ H Day- Deg- Day- Day- lOths In. deR. deg. deg. deg. Inch. 1 Oav. 10 26 - 24 + 60 3 + 66 13.4 13 17 2 3 + 17 23 — 25 + 34 2 + 50 4.7 23 23 3 2 + 23 13 — 45 + 4- 7 + 43 4.8 29 23 4 3 + 37 14 — 84 + 142 I + 43 3.6 29 22 5 1 + 33 IS - 78 + 96 4 + 39 6.6 28 21 6 Oav. 28 13 - 98 + 107 2 + 43 4.9 24 19 7 1 + 20 10 - 17 + 3' 2 + 51 10.3 23 23 8 Oav. 23 11 — 52 + 20 1 + 46 6.0 22 22 9 1 — 26 13 — 86 + 99 2 + 45 9.0 29 26 10 1 + 23 8 — 18 — 10 4 + 61 7.9 15 19 11 Oav. 28 9 — 28 + 13 2 — 61 8.3 22 26 12 1 — 26 2 — 7 1 — 55 6.6 23 30 The districts indicated by numhir in the lirsi column are the following :— Principal WJieat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing, ^c. Districts ~7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W.; 9, England. S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12. Channel Islands. Markets. 28. COVENT GARDEN, March Trade still dull. Good samples of Grapes realising better prices. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Cut Flowers. Abutillons, 12 bun..., Anemone, Fr., 12 bun. ArumLilies,12bloom8 Aziileas, 12 wprays ... Bouvardiaa, per bun. Camellias, white, 1:^ blooms — red, 12 blooma... Carnations, 12 blms. Daffodila,dbl.l2bun. — single. 12 bun.,.. — French, 12 bun. — various, 12 bun. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenia.", 12 blooms HeliotropeL, 12 apr. Lilac, white Fr..bun, — lilac coloured, p. bunch Lily-of-VuL. 12 spr. Mar^erites, 12 bun. ,— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s, d. s. d. s. d. 3 0-60 Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-40 1 Ij- 4 0 Narcis., paper-white, 2 0-40 (French), 12 bun... 20-60 0 6-10 — double. 12 bun... 1 t^i- .■} 0 0 9-10 Pelargoniums, 12 spr. 10-16 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 1- 0 « 2 0-40 Primroses, 12 bun.... 09-10 0 9-20 Primula-H. dbl.. 12 sp. 10-16 2 0-30 Roses, Tea, per doz. 20-60 4 0-60 — coloured, dozen. 20-40 :} 0-6 0 — red.perdozen ...4 0-9 0 2 6-40 — Safrano, do/en... 20-40 4 0_ 9 0 —do.. fFr.), doz.... 10-30 ;j 0- 6 0 SnowdroiH. '2 bun... 10-30 4 0-90 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 20 40 0 6-10 Tulips. 12 blooms ... 06-10 ■10-6 0 Violets. 12 bunches,.. 10-16 — dark, Fr.. bunch 10 2 0 3 0-50 — Parme, Fr.. bun. 26-36 0 6-10 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 0- 6 U 3 0-60 — French, 12 bun. 10-20 Aralia Sieboldi, dor. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per do/,en 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracsna terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica, various, doz. 12 Euonymus, in Tar., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 d. s. d. 0-18 0 0-15 0 I 0-42 0 ! 0-12 0 I 0-12 0 . 0-60 0 j 0-24 0 0-30 0 I 0-18 0 0-24 0 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 3 Ficua elastica, each . 1 Genista, dozen ... 8 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 Lily-of-Val.,doz. pts.lO Marguerites, doz. ,.. 6 Palms in var,, each 2 Pelargoniums, dozenl2 Primulas, per dozen 4 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 d.s.d. 0-18 0 0-10 0 6- 7 0 P-12 0 0-9 0 0-18 0 0-12 0 6-21 u 0-18 0 0-6 0 0-9 0 Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prioes. s. d. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 16-5 0 Vegetables.— Average 3. d. s. d. j Asparagus, English, per 100 12 0- ... — French, bundle21 0- ... Beans,Jersey French, per lb 3 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... ~ "- "0 3- ... 16-20 1 0- ... 3 0- ... 1 0- ... 0 6- ... 0 4- ... 1 6- Cauliflowers, each . Celery, per bundle .. Cucumbers, each .. Endive, per dozen .. Green Mint, bunch.. Herbs, per bunch .. Leeks, per bunch .. Lettuce, per dozen.. Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... PoTATOS.— Beauty of Hebron, 705. to 80s. ; Imperators, 60*. to 65s.; Dunbar Magnums. 130i\ ; Lincoln, do., 70s. ; and Dunbar Regents, 110s. to 120.?. per ton. s. d, s. d. Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples,Eng.,lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Strawberries, per lb. 8 0-12 0 Retail Prices, 8. d.$. d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 i- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Peas, French, per lb. 1 0- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 5 0 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-60 — new French, lb. 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle ... u 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 5 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 0- ... Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- ,., SEEDS. London: March 27. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane. E.G., write that an active business is now passing in farm seeds. Choice samples of red Clover seed and Alsike, both grown in Canada, and excellently well suited for the English climate, are now obtainable in London on exceedingly moderate terms. The supplies of French red Clover seed are falling off. In Trefoils, on ac- count of their scarcity, a substantial upward jump is observable. Kye-grasses, both Italian and perennial, continue extremely cheap. Tares are in improved request. A sudden and considerable impiovement alike in value and demand has occurred in blue Peas ; Haricots still depressed ; bird seeds are also slow ; Kape seed advancing ; Sanfoin, too, is higher. CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ending March 23: — Wheat, 30a. bd.\ Barley, 26s. ; Oats, 17s. For the corresponding week in 1888 :— Wheat, 30s. U. ; Barley. 295. U. ; Oats, 15s. Q>d. FKUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields, March 27. — Savoys, 25. to Qs. per tally ; Cauliflowers, \s. . to Is. (yd. per dozen ; Sprout- ing Broccoli, l5. '3d. to Is. \)d. per fack ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. 6f/. per half-sieve; Turnip tops, Is, to 2s. per sack ; Swede ti'ps, Is. iSd. to 2s, do ; Spinach, Is, to Is, i^d. per bushel ; Greens, Is. to 25. per dozen bunches; Turnips, Is. Qd. to Is. Of/, do. ; Carrots, Is, Urf. to 2s. do. ; Kadishes, Ad. to ^d.. do. ; Parsley, 4s. 6f?. to 5s. Grf. do. ; Horseradish, Is. 3(/, to Is. 6. per bundle ; Rhubarb (forced), Is. to Is. Qid. per dozen bundles; do. (natural), 2s. ^d. to 3s. do,; Celery, 12s, to 14s. do. ; Parsnips, ^d. to Is. per score ; Beetroots, l.s. to Is. 'M. per dozen ; Seakale, Is. 'SdXo Is. 6f?. per punnet ; American Apples, 'Js. to 12s, 6(/. per barrel ; English do., 'Ss. Qd. to 7s. per bushel ; English Unions, 6s. to 7s. per cwt. ; Spanish do,, 45. to Gs, per case; Bordeaux do., 45. Qd. to 5*. do.; Dutch do., Ss. Qd, to 5s, per bag; Belgian do., 3s, Qd. to 4s. 3'^/. do. ; Eadive, Is, to Is. Ot/. per dozen ; Carrots, 20s. to 26s. per ton ; Mangels, IGs, 6rf, to 195. do. Stratford: March 26 — Both trade and supply have been good during the past week. Prices: — Cabbages, 2s. to 3s, per tally ; Savoys, 2s. idd. to 3a. do. ; Turnips, 20s, to 30s. per ton ; Carrots, house- hold, 245. to 30s. do.; do., cattle feeding, Ids. to 18s. do. ; Parsnips, 40s. to 50s. do. ; Mangels, 12^. to I8s. do. ; Swedes, lis. to 17s. do. ; (.)nion8, English, 120s. to 140s. do. ; do., Dutch, 3s. 'Jt/. to 4s. G'/. per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 4s. Grf. to bs. per case ; Apples, English, 35. Oc/. to Gs. Grf. per bushel ; Watercress, March 30, 1889.] TEE GABDENEB8' GHEONICLE. 409 6^. per dozen ; Celery, ^. to 1«. per roll ; Carrots, 2s. to 3*. 6(/. per dozen bunches ; Rhubarb, \s. 6(^. to 2a. per dozen bunches ; Radishes, 6rf. to Orf. do. ; Cress, 2s. per dozen baskets. POTATOS. BoHouoH AND Spitalfields : March 26. — A steady demand tor best samples; other sorts sell without alteration. Scotch Regents, SO5. to 120s.; English, 6o5. to IOO5. ; Hebrons, 6O5. to 100s.; Magnum Bonums, 655. to 100s. ; Dunbar, IOO5. to 120.-!. ; other varieties, 60*. to 80*. per ton. Spitalfields: March 27. — Quotations : — Scotch Magnums, G"^. tW. to 905. ; Magnums, 505. to 8O5. ; Hebrons, 555. to 605.; Regents, 705. to llOs. ; Imperators, GO5. to 705. ; Champions, 55«. to ^ba. per ton. Stratford : March 26. — Quotations : — Scotch Regents, 80s. to 105s.; do.. Magnums, 70s. to 110s.; English Magnums, 60s. to 80s. ; do. Regents, Qbs. to 80s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, old prime, 1245. to 128s. ; do., best seconds, 8O5. to 1205. ; do., inferior, 3a?. to 70s. ;[ prime old Hay, 108s. to 126*. ; new, 90s. to 105s. ; inferior, oOs. to 70s. ; old straw, 425. to 48s. ; new, 245. to 405 per load. Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do pleash Note that lette.rs relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed tn the Publisher, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as spt^cimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such communications should be tvritten on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. %* Photographs or drawings of gardens, or of re- inarkabU plants, trees, t^'c., are solicited. Address : E. 0. F. The Professor's address is Botanic Garden, Hamburgh. As yet nothing has reached us. Ants m a Fern-Bask.it, &c. : Gardener. Drown them out by soaking the basket in a tub of warm water. The insects on the Coleus leaves which you sent to us are mealy-bugs (Coccus adonidum). The Cocci are a rather numerous genus, and give the gardener much trouble to extirpate them — and extirpated they must be, if he is to attain success with his plants indoors. As remedies, sponging and syringing with soft-soap, water, and tobacco-water — strong solutions for leathery- leaved plants, and weak ones for those of soft and delicate texture of leaf and stem ; and remember- ing that in the resting period somewhat stronger solutions may be employed than at other times. Methylated spirits applied with a camel-hair pencil is effectual, but tedious in application. If your Coleus are the only plants affected, the most economical plan would be to burn them, and make a fresh start with clean plants. Books: E. 0. F. The Orchid Manual, 6th edition, by B. S. Williams, Paradise Nursery, Upper Hol- loway, London, N. Correction. — In our sotice of the patent Combi- nare Knee Pad (p. 370), in our issue for JIarch 23, the maker's narat should have been Mr. T. Stoward. Gas Lime : E. In onr mext issue an account of the manner in which thii is employed by a gardener will appear in the '"Home Correspondence." It may be said that it skould be dug in. How Mushroom Spawn is made : /. H. M. It would occupy too much of our space were we to enter so fully into the subject as is necessary. Buy Mush- rooms for the Million, by J. Wright, published at the office of the Journal of Horticulture, 171, Fleet Street, E.C., price Is. Hyacinth Bulbs : J. T. Smith. Such instances are common this year, owing to the bulbs not having been ripened thoroughly last year, as the weather was unfavourable. Insects : E. J. E. The leaves of Cattleya Mondelli sent us were covered on tiie underside with the burrows of the larvii; of some apparently dipterous insect. (The specimen forwarded in a dried state got smashed during examination under the micro- scope.) Owing to the solidity of the leaves the burrows made by the insects are confined to slender tubes on the under surface of the leaves, and not spread out as in most other instances of subcuticu- lar attacks ; and most of them are twisted along their whole length in a remarkable] manner, thus resembling twine, owing to the peculiar internal structure of the leaves. /. 0. W. IvT Leaves : A Subscriber. You will be quite safe in using the Ivy leaves as you propose to do. Names of Plants : J. Lunt. 1, Cupressus Law- soniana variety ; 2, Juniperus virginiana pendula ; 3, Cupressus Corneyana ; 4, Cupressus species ; 5, Juniperus species ; G, Retinospora filifera. — G. W. R, Cattleya Triana?. Schroderi ; Masde- vallia Chestertoni. — J. J. W. Narcissus minor, tme ; Helleborus, a weak plant, probably olympi- cus. — A Suscriher. 1, DavalHa pulchra ; 2, Aloe verrucosa; 3, Euoraymus radicans variegata ; 4, Sempervivum tectorum ; 5, Stachys lanata ; 6, Saxifraga umbrosa.^t/. i?. Please send an old bulb and a fresh flower, as we cannot reconcile your statement as to its growth. — 0. Orpet. 1 and 2, varieties of Dendrobium aggregatum. — T. Trol- lopc. Epidendrum cochleatum.— /. G. H. B. Odonto- glossum luteo-purpureum. Never pack flowers in cotton-wool. — F. S. M. Broughtonia sanguinea. —B. M. L. 1 and 2, send shoots with leaves as well as flowers; 3, Dendrobium fimbriatum ocula- tum ; 4, Corokia Cotoneaster ; 5, Leptospermum sp. ; 6, Brexia spinosa. Owing to being po care- lessly packed, the tickets were loose from tlie other specimens. The Fern is Adlantum cnltra- tum. The small white-flowered plant is Eupa- torium riparium. The woolly-leaved plant is Centrosolenia bullata. Why do you send speci- mens for naming to the publisher ?—il/. B. 1, Coelogyne cristata ; 2, Gaultheria Shallon ; 3, Buddieia globosa ; 4, Benthamia fragifera; 6, one of the Hemlock Spruces ; we cannot say which from the specimen sent. Odontoglossum Pescatorei : G. Palmer. A very fine variety; but not 0. P. Veitchii. Scotch Fir : H. 4' '^'- Likely to do great damage. Destroy by fire all the fallen branches, and such as you can get at. Other remedies, we fear, are likely to be ineffectual. White Rockwork. F. T. W. Make a thin wash of Roman or Portland cement, and after covering the rocks with a coat of that material sprinkle any kind of clean coarse sand over it, so that the effect of stone may be produced. If one coat is not enough, give two. CATALOGUES KECEIVED. V. Lbmoinb et Fils, Rue du Montet, Nancy, France — General Spring list. J. Cheal & Sons, Lawfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex — Dahlias. Samuel Fox Armitage, High St., Nottingham — Grasses, Clover, &c. A. M. C. Jongkindt-Coninck, Tottenham Nurseries, Dedemsvaart, near ZwoUe, Holland — Wholesale list of Conifers, Fruit Trees, Herbaceous Plants, &c. Communications Received.— E. M.— W. B. H.— E. J.— De B. a— G. W.— F. B.— C. C— W. F.— C. W. D.— W. P.— G, F. W.— M. W.— J. V. & Sons.— G. P.— Botanical Society of France.- F. S.— J. H. K.— Dr. B., Vienna.— F. A. M.— G. M.— W. C— J. W.— R. R.— H- E. A.— J. B. & Son.— C. D. (not of public interest).— J. C. & Co.— B. S. W.— R. A. R.— J. Anderson.— D. T. F.— R. B. WhiU.— W. R.— J. J. W.— H. W. W.— H. J Ross. 1^ CorresponiUnts tending plants or fruits t» bt named, er lukinff questions demanding ttme and rettareh for thwir stU^tn, mtiet not expect in all cases to obtain an answer t* tA«t> en- qmn-tes in the current it'eek. DIED, — We regret to announce the death recently of Mr. Chables Bullock, late of Springfield, Wol- verhampton. He was known in florist's circles as a cultivator of the better kinds of Polyanthus. His father was the raiser of P. Lancer. Barr'B Spring Catalogue. Now Eeady. of THE liEtiT llEKliACEOUS I'LANTS, for Bonlerfl. Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of Hian-CLASS and easily cultivated plants only. Free on application. BARR and son. 13 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. pUIMULA OHCONIGA, greatly improved -I- strain CoroplSS'^') for Present Sowing, perpncket, tirf. and \s. Larpi> 'i'rndf p;i(k.ts. 2s.iid.. bs.. lOs. 6'/., and 2\x. each. Primrose, Old Huiihli- Crimson I'ompadour: arc coloured plate in the Garden, Uct., IHSS, Magnificent plants, lbs. per dozen, Is. Qd. each. W. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman and Florist, Cork, DONTOGLUSSUM NEVADENSR.— A nice well-prown plant of this rare and beautiful Orchid for Sale. Five bulbs, and bearing just now live llowers. Price 3'J guineas. Apply to J. GARDEN, Nurseryman, 4, Avenue des BoUes Vues ; 4, Bois de Colombes (Seine), near Paris. o s I A H H. BATH Offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS Old Ashleaf j White Elephant Rivera' Royal do. Early Rose Myatt's Prolific do. Magnum Bonura Mona'a Pride Snowdrop Adirondack Village Blacksmith Beauty of Hebron Dalmahoy And other leading varieties, York Regent Scotch do. Imperator Red Bog Early Schoolmaster Early Don Prices on application to York Street, Borough Market, S.E. NEW ROSES for 1889. WM. PAUL & SON b<«g to announce that their LIST of the above is now ready, and wdl be sent post-free on application. Specially worthy of note are MARCHIONESS OF LORNE. H.P. (Wm. Paul & Son).- Plants ready in May, 10s. 6rf. each. SAPPHO, T. (Wm. Paul & Son).— Two First-class Certificates. Plants ready in May, 10.s. 6rf. each. WHITE LADY. H.T. (Wm. Paul & Son). Plants ready in May, 3.5. 6d. each. WHITE PERLE, T. (white sport from Perle des .Tardins) Plants ready in May, bs. and 7s. Gd. each. THE QUEEN, T. (white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami). Plants ready in May, bs. and 7s. 6d. each. The collection also includes other new Roses (English and Foreign) for 1889, and all the best new Roses of 1888. WM. PAUL AND SON have also a fine stock of the leading older varieties of Roses in pots, for planting out for garden decoration and cutting, 10s. 6rf. to 15s. per dozen, dB4 to £5 per 100. Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. ANEMONE CORONARIA-ST. BRIGiD. Grown from the True Newry Stock. No bettet Strain existing. { 07.. Packets with Cultural Directions, for 2s. 6f/. Postal Order. THOS. KITLEY, OLDFIELD NURSERY, BATH. ASPARAGUS, Strong plants GIANT °°^^ "''^^- and Special Prices on COLOSSAL. application. DIGKSONS, The Nurseries, CHESTER. {Limited) £300 in PRIZES, MEDALS, and OEETrFI- CATES for FLOWERS, FKUIT, VEGE , TABLES, and HONEY. Open to Members 151 of all Co-Operative Societies in the King- dom. (£100 for produce grown from " One and AH" Seed of the Agricultural and Horticultural Association. Limited). Schedules on application to THE SECRETARY, 3, Agar Street. Strand, W.C. CARSON'S PAINT PatroiiiMd by 16,000 of th« Nobility. Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OTTTDOOB WOBE, CONSEBVATOBIEfl, Qreenhouses, Frames, Ac. 1 Owt„ and Oil Mixture, Pre* to all Btattona. Liqoid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Oonservatoriea, &c. Prices, Patterns, and TestimouialB, Po*t-{r«i«. LA BELLE 8AUVA0E TABD, LUOOATE HILL, B.C. EAOEELOB'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Dt«mii»i( for Cath. 410 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 30, 1889. QUICK, stout, and abundantly rooted, trans- planted, 21s. per 1000; ditto, stro g. 27s. 6rf. and 35s. per lOiiO; ditto, extra strong. 40s. per 1000.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. R" OBERT^'EAL, The Nurseries, Trinity Koad. Wandsworth, begs to oHer, in extra quality, the following : — SEAKALE for Planting, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. KHUBARB. for Forcing, 50s. per 100. RASPBERRIES (Fastolf), 6s. per 100. SOs. per 1000. VICTORIA PLUMS. Standard.?, 75s. per 100. DAMSOy (Farleigh). Standards. 75s. per 100. PEACHES. Dwarf-trained. ISs. to 24s. per dozen. ELDERS. Golden. 2 to 4 feet, extra fine. 20s. to 30s. per 100. WILLOWS. Weeping. 8 to 14 feet. 6s. to 12s. per dozen. PPLE TREES with Mistleto growing on them, 10s. '6d., 15s., and 2\s. each. RICHARD SMJTH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. A BIES DOUGLASII GLAUCA, 3 to 4 feet, -iTA. 18s. per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet, 24s. ; 6 to 6 feet, 36s. ABIES MENZIESII, ,3 to 4 feet, 4s per doz. ; 4 to 5 feet. iis. ABIES PARR VAN A, IJ to 2 feet. 24s. per doz. ; 2 to 3 feet, 36s. PraUS BOLANDERI, 2 to 3 feet. 9s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, 12s. PINUS CEM8RA, 3 to 4 feet, 4s. per doz. : 5 to 6 feet. 6s. PINUS CONTORTA, 2 to 3 feet, 4s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feet, 6s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 9s. All are from well-rooted, healthy plants ; one plant of each variety for 6s.. or one plant of each size for 18s,, securely packed in mats. MORRISON BROTHERS. Nurseries. Aberdeen. Grand New Japanese Chrysanthemum. THOMAS STEPHENSON." A beautiful bronzy -crimson sport from "Criterion," indispensable for exhibition. A grand, full show flower; broad ijetals, slightly incurved at the tips, a lovely yellow shade on the reverse of the petals. FIVE FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Orders booked from all the principal Chrysanthemum Growers. (See E. Molyneux'a opinion. The Garden, 890. &c.) Rooted plants ready end of March ; 7s. ^d. each, 3 for los. CATALOGUE of new and rare varieties, post-free. WM. CLIBRAN and SOX. Oldfield Nursery, Altrinchara. -i(\(\ ALPINE and HERBACEOUS X.\J\J PLANTS. 265. Descriptive CATALOGUE. Dlus- trated. with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting information). Post-free, 9a. STANSFIELD BROS.. Southport. Fruit Trees. r: A AAA PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard f}\J*l\j\J\J Euid Dwarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, all fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nureery, Chertsey, Surrey. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, £tud of the best kinds. Bashes, R. S..& Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 6O5. per 100. Packing and carriage free for cash with order. .These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to ffive the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; »11 the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18«. to 36ji. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mercliants, WORCESTER. EUCHARIS MITE a Thing of the Past. HEATH'S BULB MITE EXTERMINATOR. Aft<^r many and t;xliaustive experiments eAtendin^ 0\ er a eerie? of years, Mr. Heath the celebrated Gardener at Sedg- wiek (who has often contributed articles to this Paper, notably on Violets), has at length succeeded in introducing a chemical compouni, which if used according to directions, proves fatal to this most destructive pest. His experiments have been watched by the undereigned with the utmo.'^t interest, and at the request of several Gardening Friends, he has placed it in my handa to manulacture. In TlXLB 60. Sufficient for from 50 to UX) Bulbs, according to size, with full directions of the manufacturer. B. HARTLEY, Seedsman, KendaL HEATH'S BOOK OF VIOLETS, ei. post-free. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. CHADING— SHADING— SHADING.— O Staley's unnvalled SJiadjug for Conservatory, Green- houBeB, and all kiude of Glass Eoohn^^. ft ba« been well tdet«d the last two year.-, and his given perfect ?fltiftfacfcion. It is ea&ily mixed, aad aj^ed. and dries qutckly. If is highly re- commended. Price p»r Post. 9. STALEY. Mifh^Mflan, Olou'-Mtershir*, Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in SEALED BAGS ONLY, 7 lb, 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt. 2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano, Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, in best qualities only. A Good Thing to Use. We have pleasure in drawing the attention of Plant Growers to T EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— -Li A first-class article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Easily used and low in price. Numerous Testimonials. Prices: — P1nt.l5.6rf.; quart, 2s. 9rf. : ^gallon, .5s-. ; 1 gallon, 11.^. ; 4 gallons. 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply (o WM. CLIBRAN axd SON, Oldtield Nursery, Altrinch^ni.; lu— 12. Market Street. Manchester. PEAT for ORCHIDS, A2AXEAS, HEATHS, FERNS. RHODODENDRONS, &c. The Best In the World. A. JOHNSON AND CO., 23, Leadenhalt Street, London, E.C.. continue to receive the highest of testimonials (unpolicited)from large Orchid Growers, stating the ORCHID PEAT supplied by A. J, &Co. is byfarthebe.st they have ever used. Samples can be seen at above address, or forwarded on application free of charge. Twelve Awards of Merit, <#4-^# <^ PT BEST and CHEAPEST GUANO for all horticultural purp-ses. ^1^ The largest number of Awards for any " " l*lant Manure. RECISTEREO. Wholesale ofW. COLCHESTER, Ipswich. HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed a^ an insecticide, it kills etfectuuUy u.U parasites aud in>'eets whlfh infest plants whether at the roots or on the foliage, mthout injury to tender plants^ Buch as ferns, etc., if used as directed. Used as a WASH it impiirts the gloss iind lustre to the foliage which is ao desirable on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without itl It makes a eilky Coat and produces healthy Skin Actioo ; kills fleas, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not oe without it! Used with ordinary hou Behold soap it is an effectual DISIN- FECTANT. BLEACHER, & CLEANER OF FABRICS. It kills insect life on man. animal, or plant, without injury to the pkin, wheievc'r parasites may appear. Soldby SeedsmenandCTiemiste, le,fid,,26. 6d. &4e, 6d.; i gallon 7e.6d.,l gallon 12a. 6d., or Iet>6 in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISlDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. WHULB6ALR from all the London Seed Merobante, and PaW^nt Mpdi.-ijiP Houj^ea. NEW TORK-KoMtBS & SoKl. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE Is now used and highly recommended by nearly ail the leading Gardeners. Bottles, 2s., as. iyd. ■ H^df-Gall., 5s. ; One Gall., Ps. From the Trade, or sent direct by JOSEPH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUSIBER. HULL. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Pkize Medals. Quality. THE BEST to the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown tibroua ... 55. per sack, 6 sacksfor 22s. 6d. PEAT, best black fibroos ... 4s. Qd. „ 5 sacks for 20i. PEAT, extra selected Orchid Hs. 6d. ., 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PKEPABED COMPOST I Is. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... ( (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. 6d. per bush., ]4s. half-ton, 24j. ton. BAFFIA FIEEE. best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb. ; 28 lb.. 27l. SPHAONUM MOSS, all selected, 3j. per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S " PERFECT " FEB- •) In Bags. TLLIZEB (the Best Food for { . • , all kinds of Plants. Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 28lb. 561b. 1 cwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ...) 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VTRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA. HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c, PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Horses and Cattle, JE2 per ton. Extra larpe Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultry Pens. Babbits, &c., in Sacks, 1s.6l^. each; 10 Sacks. 12s, 6d. ; 20 Sacks, 2.3«. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks.ls.4(/.each; losacks, 12s. 6d.; 158acks,17s.6d.: 20sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 36s. ; 50 sacks, 40s.; Truck-load, loose, free ou rail. SOs. Limited qimutities of G,, special ijuality granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers. Agriculturists, Market Gardeners, and others (coucentrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S "FRODUGTIVE" MANURE, in bags, £3 per tOn (ba^ included) ; sample 1 cwt. bag, is., producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any other manure, no matter what price. CHUBB'S " COMPOUND SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags, ^gjjgp_tgn (bags included): sample Icwt. bag. 3s., made principally (by special process) from Lonrton SOQt and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Termastrictly Cashu'Wiorder. Bankers. Union Bankof Lowlftt . CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MUwaU, London, E. BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sjld in Tins, Is., 2s Gd., 5s. 6rf.. and 10s. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or jipply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills. Shttfield. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers, Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO.. (Limited). 109. Fenchurch Street, London. "IVTATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest -Ll Manure for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for bs. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of lie ports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES. FRUIT. &c.— C. FiDLER. Reading, used it for Potatos. and s;iys;— " I found your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. .T. WaITE. Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, .says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 yejirs during which I have freely used it I have pained overntJO prizes." NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS. &c. — W. G. Bailev. Nurseries, Berley. used it for Rose^, Tomato*, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Bahron, Royal Horticultural Society, .says: — " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO.. Limited, 29. New Bridge Street, BIaci(friaxs. London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials. &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. ORCHID PEAT, hrat quality ; BROWN FIB1«)I'S PEAT tor Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZ.tLKA PEAT. Samples and PrioM t« WALKER iiKli CO., lariiborough, HauU. BONE FERTILISER. EASILY USED. VINES AND VEGETABLES GIVES SPLEMiID RESULTS. By Parcel Post, 1,., 1 lb. Tin, 9rf, 2 lb. Tin, Is. U. Do. I.i. lOii. '2H lb.. Us. ; .')6 lb., 10.«., Free to Carriers. Order from Floaists, or direct from the Makerd* RICHARDSON BROS. & CO., S B L F A S T . •MifecB'-30,-ifl89.] THE OAEDENEBS'- CHRONICLE. 411 CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (TelegrapWc Address -"HOT- WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice of Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their NEW PATENT (No 9090, 1888) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, . Wkiclx is, without doubt, the Best All'-round Boiler in the Market. It cottibines all the ad- tantages of its class so welt known, and by the improved method of forming the pints — t'u-., with India- rubber 'i\ inkers, the Old and too often IneflFect- ual way of caulking the Joints Is entirely dispensed with. It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thoroughly sound and good Jlot-xvattr Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every possible way, more especially with regard to power and dura- bility, and the result has been highly satisfactory. 'ACTION OF PATENT JOINT THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c. ISSPECTION INVITED. PKICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. All Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. GROMPTON & FAWKES, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, CHELMSFORD, NEW BOOK of Photo-Litho- graphed Sketches of Winter Gar- itt'ii^*, Ranges of Hothouses, Viner- ies, Architectural Conservatories, Sec, of various Designs and Sizes, recently constructed, erected, fitted, and heated complete by us in differ- ent parts of the country ; with par- ticulars of tl.e most successful Hotr water Heating Apparatus of the century. Post-free on application. THE NEW INSECTICIDE, LITTLE'S ANTIPEST NON-POISONOUS MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself tte Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUAST, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. TRY THE NEW PATENT "VICTORIA" LAWN MOWER. Simple, well made, durable, eaay to work, reasonable in price. It possesses un ique advantages over any Mower yet introduced. Prices cumpletic with Grass-Boxics:— y inches, 11 inches. 13 inches. 16 inches, 28b. 328. 6d. 38s. 46b. FOLLOWS & BATE, Limited, Patentcos and Manufacturers of the "Climax," "Manchester," " Tonnis," and " Royal Prize Medal" Lawn Mowers. 70,000 sold since. 1869, GORTON, MANCHESTER. L^ To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom; or, if any difficulty is experienced, direct from the manufactory. Every Gardener without exception should drop a ii Post- card for j; HOW TO USE PARAFFIN IN THE GARDEN Parafljn is iiirontestably the be^t Insecticide. Milduw De- stroyer and Cleanser when properly used, and must supersede the high-priced fancy-named nostrums which hare for 60 long held the field. POST-FREE on application, from DEIGHTON AND CO., Agricultural Cliemitjts, BRIDGNORTH GLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER. A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DKEADFItl PEST. This assertion will probably be doubted, but if living mites are examined under a powerful microscope, and a drop of solu- tion is applied, it will' be seen th&t death is instantaneous, and if the solution is let down according to the directions, it kills in from o to 10 minutes. It may be objected that when unhealthy Eucharis are watered with the solution, it cannot touch the mites between the scales. Practice, however, has proved that it does ; tii\d the most unhealthy Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. JVumerous Testimonials. Prices: — | pint. Is. Gd, ; 1 pint, 2s. Qd. ; 1 cjuart, 4.';. 6rf. J gallon, 7s. 6d. ; 1 gallon, 12s. 6d. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldtield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12. Market Street. Manchester. To Market Gardeners, &c. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use SULPHATE OF AMMONIA. — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, post free. Price, free on rail at Sheffield. l^s. per cv*t., or 7s. per 56 lbs,— Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. ^ULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A O certain cure tor Mildew on Plants. Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 'S2 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphidtj of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. a.imit€d),9,Bull Ring, Birmingham. THE NORMAL FERTILISER. For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. A highly-concentrated Fertiliser, coneisting chiefly of human excrement and blood, which has the following recommenda- tions :— It is moderate in price. It is safe to use. It 16 not a chemical manure. It is profitable to the user. It is clean to handle. It has high fertilising properties. It coDtain? do needJees matter. 7 lb. 141b. 28 1b. o6ib. 1 cwt. 2s. 35. tirf. Ss. M. 9a. 14s. And .n 6d. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedemen and Florists, or the NOBMAX aiAKURE COMPANY. Ltd.. 121, Bishopsgat* Street WltUn, E.C., ana Farnham Road, Guildford. Utul trade Diecounti. Price ;■ 412 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [MisoH 30, ISM, (( NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. >> Haa an open steel roller. A. man can work a 24-inch machine, cutt- ing grass 5 inches high. There is no easier working, no better fiuished, no stronger, no more durable mower in the market. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do fine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. To he obtained through all the leading Ironmon- gers or .Seedsmen, or CUTS 24- INCH tkS^M from the Hole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 86, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as sup- ptied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, best quality, 1 sack. Is. 3(i. ; 10 Backs for 12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; sacks in- cluded ; tru('k, containing more than two tons, 30s., free on rail. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, 5,5. per sack; 5 for 22s. 6rf. ; 10 for 3ns. Best Black Peat. 4s. 6(i. per lack ; 5 for 203. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14.?. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s, per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6d. per bushel: 6j. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6a. per bushel; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpaiuted ; 'Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb., 26s. Finest Tobacco Cloth, Is. per lb. ; 28 lb., 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb.. 5s. 6rf.; 56 lb., 10s. ; 1 cwt., 17«. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange, Southwark Street, London. S.E. (near London Bridge). SAVE H ALF TH E COST, G A R S I D E'S BEDFORDSHinH SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in tbf Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pils, which contaip a practically in- exhaustible sujiply of Siilen(lLnppR to put do^Ti, TlluxtraUd Catalogue Free by Post. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden ■hould possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedge*, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — £ «. d. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide / '\ 2 0 0 6 feet „ 4 feet „ Packing 2 10 0 .2 feet „ 4 feet „ \ Cues V 4 7 6 6 feet „ 5 feet „ FREE. 3 10 0 i2feet „ 5 feet „ I J 5 17 6 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Hoyal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manch9st»r. London Agent — Mr. H. Skeltos, Seedsman. Ac, 2. Hollovay Road, N. THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price 55. per doz. For Cash with order only. Two end pieces included ■with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. ^S^^^i » 5 ,. „ 12 16 20 24 brG 1^76 „ by 6 „ by 6 „ 1\T 6 „ Oaah Prices, CarTla«« and Packlns FREE. - £2 ]" 4 7 5 17 7 7 R 17 10 7 CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and VVnle^, to Dublin, Cork, Dorry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or itations equivalent. CATALOOUES POST-FREE. Mabch 30, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 413 SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP BY rsiNO GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above iizes, in boxes of 100 feet ami 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyerrs' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity, "HORTICULTURAL PUTTY.'" Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass. Oil. and Coloir Merchants. 34, St. Jolin Street, West Smltlifield, London. E.G. stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronic/e. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Euelukks au'I Heating Englneehs, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapel f, Shooting Lodites, Cottages, Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &c. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Chiirchea, Schools, Public Buildings, Mansions. Hame,s3 Rooms, Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free, Complete Catalogue. 3s. '-I^-^ HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock /^ T A Q Q always on Hand. VJ J_i xV iO )^ ■ Special quotatioiis for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possil/le prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL INTERESTS ASE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, Made in superior eartheo ware. 14 iu. long.ti^in. deep,and6in. wide. iDside, 2J inches from the top. is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttings or seeds is placed, the lower halt being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each; glass shade for top. Is. 6rf. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. Garden Pots. I rr?"^^ "" '^'^■■Passed by any in the Trade. » >,. . I ,j.(,jy j,|, „g„ l,^rn|.^ porous, and of a splen- did colour and ihape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pottery of everydescription. Send for Price List. — THOS PASCALL & SOKS, BoutH Norwood Pottery, SHirey, S.B "^"^^ " WHICH I.\(.-LUDES : THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30tll Year. and HjRTICDLTURIST 42nd Year. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17tli Year. United in ONE. Making the Largest, Bc^t. 01 !est. Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening M'Lga~rne in America, THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNALFOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10a. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES. 4. Spring Gardens, Charing Cross. London. S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscript tions may be sent. ASpecimen Copy post-free for lOrf. (stamps). 83. 6d. per 100 feet 16 oz. 12x10, 18x12, 18x14, 24X14, 14 X 12, 20 X 12, 18 X 16, 24 X 16, 128, per 100 feet 21 07.. ... lUx 12, I6x 14. 20x 16, 24x 18, &0. Putty, 6s. ftd, per cwt. ; Whit« Lead, genuine, 21s. ; Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. per cwt.; Paints ground in Oil, Stone Ochre, 20s.; Oxford Ochre, 24s.; Green. 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt. ; Varnish, from 6s. 6rf. per gal.— Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 95, Bishopsgate Street Witliin. Loudon. K.C. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BUyr QUALITY ONLl'. Pit Lights, 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either 3 or 4 bars for 8 iu. or 10 iu. glass, 4j. 9rf. each ; or, by the 100, 4s. ^d. each. 14 X 3 Rafters. 7s. per 100 feet. Ij X 2J .. 6j. per 100 feet. All other materials at equally low prices. Free on Rail. CaHh with Order. Send for Quotations, BICHABD TAYLOR, HORTICIILTUKAI, WdUKS, EDMONTON. To Nurserymen. Seed Merchants, and Florists. T BLACKBURN and SONS areofferingAroh- fj • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade ; also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags. RafBa Fibre. Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. E.G. F''OR SALE, at about One-third Coat Price, a nearly new EXHIBITION PLANT VAN. 15 feet long, 6 ftet broad, and 6 feet high. Price and full particulars ou application, GEO. COOLING and SONS. The Nurseries, Bath, Garden Nettings, Hothouse Shadings. Tiffany. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS, TIFFANY, RIGBY, WAINWRIGHT iuD CO., Minufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. COTTOW WOOL and WADDING for Florists. BECKETT BROS., CHELMSFORD. Thorouglily Practical Hothouse Builders andHeatingEngiiieers. Glaiubouees of every denicription erected in any part of tlie liingdom. First-class workmanship and the very beat materials at the lowest posbible prices. Price Lists. Plans, and Estimates Kne. '•PANNED NETTING^, 2 yards wide, \^d. per J- yard ; 10s. per 100 yards ; iJ5 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free. 4s. ; 4 yards wide, M. per yard, 20s. per loO. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1-inch mesh. 1 yard wide. 2d.; 2 yijrds wide. 3^.; 4 yards wide. tirf. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, Id. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees, &,c.). PILCHARD NETTING, 12 yards wide, finch mesh. 'dd. per yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, ll'T. Field Road. Forest Gate, London. E. ARDEN NETTING.— 100 square yards in one piece, or 200 yards, odd pieces, 2s. St/., cash with order.— E. A. NORTHEY. Auctioneer, Plymouth. NETTING, Tanned and Waterproof, of all kinds, for Garden purposes. Cheapest house in the Trade. Writefor samples and prices before ordering elsewhere. Numerous testimonials. SPASHETT ANU CO., Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft. ARCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA.— Russia ■L^ Mats and Raffia at lower prices than supplied by any olher firm; also all kinds of Shadmgs, Nettings, Canes, and otliiiT Sundries at Wliolewale Prices to the Tnidc only. M ARENDAZ AND FISHER. James Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, «c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON ANX> SCULL. »U. Lnw^r Tham^^s Street. London, E.C. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Press Guide,) ADVERTISING AGENTS. 162. PICCADILLY. London. W.. RECEIVE ADVERTISEMENTS for all London. Provincial, Continental. Colonial, and American Newspapers and other Publications, for one or any number of insertions, and are pre- pared to open accounts with Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Special advantages to Large Advertisers. Established 1850. Only Addreas— 162, Piccadilly, London, W. 414 THE GABDENEFS' CHRONICLE. [Mahch .-(U, 1889. (iAS.T3ETSlINa APPOINTMBNTS. Jlr. H. I'iKE, late Foreman at Givon's Grove, Leatherhead, has beeu appointed Gardener to A. D. Kleinwoet, Esq., The Glebe, Grove Lane, Camberwell, S.E. Mr. W. Stephens, as Gardener to William HoLcnOFT, Esq., Prescot House, Stourbridge, Worcestershire. AGENTS WANTED, for the Sale of NATIVE GUANO : the best and cheapest Manure for Garden Use. —The NATIVE GUANO CO., Ltd., 29, New Bridge Street. Blackfriars. E.G. TTITANTED, GARDENERS to act as Agents Vt (good Commission), to send full particulars of forth- coming Shows, Fetes, &c . to Manage Flower Show Enter- tainment, Dep6t, 75, Nile Street, London, N. ANTED, a thorough GARDENER, who understands Palms, Ferns (and if Orchids also, pre- ferred). Permanent place for suitable miin.— Apply, Cumber- land Park Nursery, Willeailen Junction, W. ANTED AT ONCE; good GARDENER. Wife Laundress. Abstainers preferred. Must both be well recommended. Church people. Xarge family objected to.— Address, with all particulars, Kev. G. HAYTON, Charlton Rectory, near Oxford. ANTED, UNDER GARDENER, for Normandy, France. Wages, 18s.— Write, stating full particulars to J. R., 2, Avenue, Hoche. Paris. WANTED, goo(i, reliable, and kind-hearted WORKING FOREMAN, to take Sole Charge of a Glasshouses and 7 Acrei^ of Stiff Land. Must be good at Chrysantheuaums and other Flowers, Strawberries, Mush- rooms. Tomatos, and other Vegetables, and thoroughly under- stanti producing Outdoor Rose plants. Wages, £5 5s. a month, and Vegetables. Also TWO strong and steady IMPROVERS, able to Bud and Graft Roses, and willing to work Indoors or Out. Wages, £2 o.f. a quarter, Board and Lodging. Also TWO strong and steady YOUTHS, able and willing to Dig Stiff Soil, or Drive Horse and Van, or do anything. Wages, £2 L's, a quarter. Board and Lodging. Also TWO ORPHAN BOYS, strong and willing. Wages: Clothing, Board and Lodging, and Christmas-box. — Address, stating age, height, and inches round the chest. The Rosaries, Englishcoom be, near Bath. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR (Softwooded), well-up in Greenhouse Work, Growing Roses in pots, and accustomeil to Making Bouquets, Wreaths, &c. Must be well recommended. — Apply, with references, stating age and wages required, to JAMES COCKER, and SON. Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Aberdeen. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced WORKING FOREMAN. Cut Flowers, a specialty for Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. Best references for ability, honesty, and sobriety required. Also Young Man as Soft-wooded PROPA- GATOR.—Address, with references, age, and wages expected, to \V. TROUGHTON, Nurseryman, Preston. WANTED, a young MAN, to take charge of a Small Nursery to Grow Plants and Cut Flowers for Retail Trade, wages 20s. a week. Full particulars, references, age, &c., to HILLIER and CO., Cambridge. WANTED, a practical MAN, to Grow Roses under Glass in qu[intity. None but thoroughly good hands need apply. —ROBERTS BROS., East Grinstead. WANTED, a young MAN, to Grow Plants and Cut Flowers for Market. Wages about £1 per week. Board and lodging (about two minutes walk from work) about 10.?. — ROBERT GRAHAM. The Newmarket Nursery, Newmarket. Cambs. ANTED, a young MAN, for In and Out- doors, with a good experience of Market Work, Grower of Roses, Ferns. Cucumbers, Tomatos ; also to Bud and Graft, JIake-up Wreaths and Crosses, and act as Salesman. State age. wages, and references.— HENRY MATTHEWS, Stockton Brook Nurseries. Stanley. Stoke-on-Trent. ANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN, for the Houses, used to Cucumber Growing, and quiuk at Potting and Tying.— ARTHUR MATTHEWS, The Nur- series, Waltham Cross, N. WANTED, a young MAN, of good appear- ance and character, with a good knowledge of Palm and Fern Growing, to help in a Fruit and Flower Shop, and do a round, and make himself generally useful, A knowledge of the Seed Trade preferred. Wages to commence at 18s. — WALTER T. JAMES, (late Trowbridge) 66, Marland Place, Southampton. ANTED, a young MAN, used to Tying and Potting. —Mr. ORPWOOD, Florist, Tangley Park, Hampton, Middlesex. WANTED, a young Man (age about 21), as JUNIOR CLERK, and to Assist in Seed Shop. One who ia experienced in the Nursery Trade preferred. — Apply, by letter, stating wages required, and to whom reference can be made.— T. W., Gardmers' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. WANTED, a MAN, thoroughly experienced in Packing Cut Flowers for travelling. None need apply who cannot produce unexceptionable testimonials as to ability, honesty, and sobriety.- Address by letter to VERITAS, 7326, Junior Army and Navy Stores, Waterloo Place. S.W. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitiom names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to thi writers. Gardeners. Farm-BaUiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thorough/y practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic & Postal Address-" DICKS0N3. CHESTER." IC H ARD SMITH and Oa beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, seeking eituations. and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. ^. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. ADVERTISER wishes to treat with a Nursery- man requiring a practical MANAGER with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Highest refereuces given and required. — Apply, F. M. P., £90, Mare Street, Hackney. N.E. - - GARDENER (Head); age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in want of a thoroughly competent man, they can be accommodated by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghley (Jardens, Stamford. G'l ARDENER (Head).— Age 39, married, no r family ; thoroughly experienced in all branches cf Fruit Growing, Flowers and Kitchen Gardens. First-cluss re- ference.— J. L., Lucombe Pince, Exeter. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman who is reducing his Gardening Establishment wis-hes to re- commend his Head Gardener. He is thoroughly experienced in all branches of the prof ession, and has held his present position for ten years.— Address, H.G., Street & Co., 3U, Cornhill, E.G. GARDENER (Head). — Age 31, married; seeks re-engagement with any Lady or Gentlemen. Well acquainted with the Management of a good Garden, and House and Table Decoration.— J. R.. The Gardens, Holme Grange. Wokingham. GARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, two children. — A. Goode. Norton, Atherstone, would be pleased to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good all-round man ; can be highly recom- mended. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 45. married, one daughter ; greatexperi- ence in Gardening, an well as Management of Stock ; highly recommended; excellent personal character. — M. C. M., Shepperton Rectory, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, Married,_two children ; twenty years' experience in Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Gardens ; successful Grower of Fruits. Flowers, Vegetables; experienced in Table Decoration. Laying out of New grounds. &c.— J. HAINSWORTH, 34, Learn Terrace East, Leamington. GARDENER (Head). — Age 30, single. — A Gentleman would be pleased to recommend Adver- tiser to any lady ur Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of Gardening. Three years in present place.- T. H. WREN, The Gardens. Barlboro' Hall, Chester- field. . GARDENER (Head), where another is kept. —Age 28, married, no family; sixteen years" good experience Inside and Out. Strictly sober and trustworthy. Two years' excellentcharacterfrom present situation. Suburbs of London preferred.- J. THURGOOD. The Gardens, Loud- water House. Rickmansworth, Herts. ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Advertiser desires to meet with Lady or Gentleman taking interest in Garden. Good knowledge of Orchids. Stove, Greenhouse, and Herbaceous Plants, and Fruit Culture. Five years in present place as General Foreman ; eix previous at Pendell Court.— W. RUSSELL, The Gardens, South Lodge, Horsham, Snssex. ARDENER (Head Working); age 30; fifteen years' practical experience in all branches. Highest references.— W. L., Buckland Filhigh, Highampton. North Devon. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age~44, married, two children ; good practical experience in all branches. Good references.— T. A., E. Willes. Bassett, South- ampton. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 28, at present single ; experienced in all branches. Good references, and well recommended by pre.sent employer. Abstainer.— G. JONES. Childwichbury Gardens. St. Albans. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Thirteen years' practical experience in all branches; hit;hest references. Abstainer.- P. W.. 5, Laura Place. Holland Park Road, Kensington, W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Successful in all branches; Peaches. Melons. Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fruit. Flower and Kitchen Garden.— T. DAVIES, Honeys. Twyford, Berks^ ARDENER (Head Working). — Married when suited ; sixteen years' experience in Vines. Pinea. Peaches. Stove anti Greenhouse Plants. Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Early and Late ForciDg.— G. McLEOD, 6, Windmill Streeet, High Road Chiawick. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married, two children ; thoroughly understai'd^ Vines, Peaches. Stove and Greenhouse Plauu, Flower and Kitchen Gardemng. Good character. —J. MASON, Swalcliffe, near Banbury. GARDENER (Head Working), where several are kept.— Married, no family; twenty-five years' experience in well kept Gardens. Land and Stock. Good testimonials from former and character from last employers.— GARDENER. 25, Highgate Hill, N. G~ GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 28, H single; thoroughly experienced in Glass. Flowers and Vegetables, Melons and Cucumbers. First-class references; four years' character. Abstainer.- HAMMOND, BentHeld End, Stanstead. (f GARDENER (Head Working).- Age 40; \Jf thoroughly practical in all branches, including Carpet Bedding, Land, and Stock. Twenty-two years' good experi- ence ; eight years' good character from last employer, and seven previous — R. t., Potter's Bar, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 28.— W. HOLAH, Redleaf Gardens, Penshurst, Kent, strongly recommends H. Bickerstaff as above, who has been at Redleaf six years; thoroughly understands Orchids, Early and Late Forcing, Kitchen Garden, &c. — Apply as above. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 39. married, two children; twenty-five years' thorough practical experience in all branches of the profession in large establishments. Highest reference-^ as to ability and charucter.—W., 23, Salisbury Road, Upper Holloway, N. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept; age 25, single. — A. Barker, Giirdener, Adare Manor, Limerick, will be pleased to recom- mend, aa above, his Foreman (W. Watts). He has been here tbree and a half years, and is a thoroughly reliable, hard- working man. Abstainer. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age44; no young children. Thorough practical man ; five years' first-class character ; experienced in Vines. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Garden. Southern counties preferred.— J. COPPER, Bryn Edwin Hall. Flint. ARDENER (Head Working), Scotch.— Wanted, a situation, by an experienced married man. where two or three are kept, who thoroughly understands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Forcing, &c. The Advertiser is fond of his profession, and has had large experience in Laying-out Gardens and Planting Fruit Trees. Sixteen years in last place. Can be highly recommended. Strictly sober, honest, and industrious.— W. RIACH , 3, Spring Cottages, Liss, Hants. GARDENER (Head AVorking or Single- handed), — Married ; seven years and nine months good character. Abstainer. Could be well recommended. — F. SPICER, 17, Cowley Road, Wanstead. Essex. GARDENER (Head or Single-handed).— Age 33. single; understands Vines. Peaches, JMelons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— W. G., 3, The Nursery, George Lane, Lewisham. S,E. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed), where help is given. — Age 30, single; well up in all its branches. Eight years' good character. — S. KERRISON, Ormesby, Yarmouth. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- HANDED); age 26. — John Chesher. Gardener to J. M. Heathcote, Esq., Connington. Peterborough, can with confi- dence recommend H. Knightley. who has been under him four years as Foreman.— H. KNIGHTLEY, Connington, I'eterbo rough. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — Age 50; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good Fruit, Vegetable, and Flower Grower, and capable of doing the best with large or small garden ; the highest references. Low wages accepted.- WILLIAM GUNN, Mount Road. Braintree. GARDENER. — A Gentleman removing in June wishes to recommend his Garden»rr. who has gixen him unqualified satisfaction during the five years he was in his employ. Would not object to iillowing his prottgt to leave at once if a suitable vacancy should occur. Wife superior Laundress.- For full particulars address P. HAR- BORDT, Seedsman, 50, Great Charlotte Street. Liverpool. ARDENER (Working).— Age 30, single; well up in nil branches. Sixteen years' experience in Forcing Grapes, Melons, Peaches. &c. Understands Kitchea and Flower Garden. Orohidn, and Stove and Greenhouse Plants. — F. ENAL. 5, Warren Road, Keigate, Surrey. GARDENER (good SiNGLE-HANDED),or where assistance is given. — Age 27, single at present; two years and eleven months' good character, three years' previous. Mr. H. Downing, Norbury Park Gardens, Dorking, can with confidence recommend young man as above, and will be pleased to answer any inquiries.— E. NEAL, Norbury Park, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where another is kept.— Good knowledge in all branches.- Apply, 16, Avenue Road, North Finchley, N. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Under- stands Gardening in its various branches. Good expe- rience. Inside and Out. Wife good Laundress.— F. K., The Gardens, Manor House, Richmond. March :tll, 188i*.] THE GAIiDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 415 GARDENEU (Sinolk-hanped'), or where help ia given. — Mr. Rus^sell, Gimlener to E. Wjitney, Esij., l>i:*t.llery lloit^e, Wnn-lnworth, S.W., can highly n-coiii- mend C Coborn, ^vho has Ihtii \wth him five yenrs, to miy Lady or Geutlemiiu retiuiriug a mnii as above. GARDENER (Single-handed) ; age -7. — George Thomson, Ganlener, Easneye, W«re, Hert^, would like lo reoomniemi his Foreman, Charles Sinimoiii^, to auy Lady or Geullerann. Thoro\ighly experienced, sober, honest, mid obliging. Three years iii present situation. GARDENER (Second, or Single-handed). Age 22 ; eight years' experienee, two years' pood character. Can have good testituouials. — F. MILLS, The Gardens, Sudbury Hall. Derby. GARDENER (Second), in the Houses. — Age SA ; eight years" ehuracter.— S. THOMAS, The Garilens, Haddon Hill, Christchurch, Hants. GARDENER (Second).— Inside and Out, if re"CL.\IR. E-q.. New York. Lincolnshire. ARDENER or ELORIST.— Age 27, mar- ried ; well up in Box Filling and Furnishing. Willing to make liimseif generally useful, — W. R., 13, Woodfield Crescent, Harrow Road, PaddiJ gton, W. ARDENER (Under), or PLEASURE GROUND FOREMAN.- C. J. GOLDSMITH, Kelsey ilanor Gardens, Eeckenham, will be pleased to recommend a young man, who has been with h m two years, FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; nine years' experience. Good references. — E. GLO\'ER, IS, St. Hugh's Road. Anerley, S.E. FOREMAN, in the Huuses, in a good estab- lishment : age 25.— A. B., The Gardens, Kempsholt Park, near Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN, where two or three are kept ; age 24.— T. Goldrisg, The Gardens, Chilgrove, Chichester, can confidently recommend a young man as above, he having lived with me five and a half years. Table Decoration. — T. GOLDEING, Chilgrove, Chichester. IPOREMAN.— Age 24; runce. Excellent character.- Grange, Warwick. seven years expe- -W. T. DOUGLAS, Wyton FOREMAN ; age 25. — G. Yearnsley, Gar- dener to Sir Henry Bes'iemer, Denmark Hill, S.E., can with contiilence recommend his present Foreman, who luis been witJi him two yetirs, to anv Gardener requiring a trustworthy man. Ij'OREMAN, under Glass. — R. J'ennkll & Son, JL Nurseries, Lincoln, can confidently recommend » young man as above. Thoroughly experienced in all branches, including Floral Work and Orchids, Capable, steady, and industriou-s. To Nurserymen and Market Growers FOREMAN (WoRKiN'o).— Age 33, married; sixteen yeirs' experience as Grower of l^lauts. Grapes, Cucumbers and Toraatos, Cut Flowers, &c.— W. S., 27, East- field Road, Enfield Highway, Jliddlesex. OREMAN, or SECOND, in a good establish- ment. — .\ge 24 ; eight yeiirtt' experience, two years in present situation. — C. BEST, The Gardena, . Norman Court. Dean, near Salisbury. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Under l.^Good Propagator, Grower, and Salesman ; sixteen years' experience in London and Provincial Market and otlier Nurseries. — R. N., 9. Lower Swainswick. Bath. To the Trade. C'OFT-WOODED PROPAGATOR and O grower. — Pelargoniums. Geraniums, Ferns, Ficas, Bouvardias, Cyclamens, Carnations. Tree Poinsettias, Chry- santhemums, Eucharis, Gardeniii-, A:c. — Well recommended. — G. W,. 41. Wellington Street. Stran, Albion Terrace, Child's Hill, Hendon. N.W. JOURNEYMAN,Inside; age 21.— J.Tbiggeb, The Gardens, Milton, Peterborough, can highly recom- mend Samuel Watkins to any Head Gardener requiring an active and industrious young man. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER.— Respect- fj able, young; goo*l appearance. Three years' experience in Plant and Frmt Houses. Strong, active, and willing. Can be highly recommended.— HEAD GARDENER to Sir VV. H. Salt, Maplewell Hall, Loughborough. Leicester. TMPROVER; age 18.— H. Pabrish, Head J- Gardener, Framptoo Gardens, Dorchester, can recommend a young man as above Indoors. Four years' experience. Rothy preferred. Total abstainer, I" MPROVER, Indoors and Out.— Age 20 ; strong and active man. Two years' good character from present place. Bothy.— MANAGER, Freythesden Garjens, Berkhampeitead. IMPROVER. — A Gentleman wishes to recom- mend a youth (age 18) ; has been with him three years. Well accustomed to Glass Work. A bstainer.— S. S., Brook- land House, Market Harborough. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 18 ; has been with present employer nearly four years. Can be well recommended aa trustworthy and industrious. — E. M., The Gardens, South Belmont, Doncaster. TMPROVER, Indoor, or Indoor and Out.— X Age 19; four years" good character. Highly recommended by Head Gardener.- T. UK'llARDSON, Siuglewell, Gravesend. ''IX)~C{ARDENERS.— Mr. Rarham, Croxteth, JL Liverpool, is anxious to plaro his Son (age 21) in a llrst- classtiarden. ns .lourneyman. Plants preferred. Seven years' experience, chielly in Fruit DepartmenlH and Out-doors. '■po NURSERYMEN,— Situation wanted, in a -L good Nursery by a young man (age 19) ; well-up lu Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Propiigating, &c. Five years' experi- ence in good establishments ; strongly recommended. — L. J. P., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C, 'VO HEAD GARDENERS. —Wanted by a JL young man (age 24), a situation under a Foreman in the Houses, or Inside and Out, Two years and eight months' character in present situation. Abstainer. — w, S., The Gardens, Shawlield, Bromley, Kent. '^rO GENTLEMEN.- Wanted, a situation in X the Houses. Gentleman's I-^tahUshment preferred, Eiglit years' experience. Four years in present situation. Excellent character. State wages.— R. BRADSHAW, Farm- ing Woods, Tlirapston, Northiimptonshire. 'T\) "NURSERYMEN. "Young man seeks X situation under Glass, Seven years' experience in general work; good character. — P., 5, Springfield Cottages, South- gate, N. ^ro NURSERYMEN.— Young Man unde'r- X stands Ericas. Palms, Ferns, Cucumbers and Tomntoa ; well-up in potting and tyeing,— H., 5, Springfield Cottages, Soutligat«, Loudon, N. 'VO NURSERYMEN.— Two young Men want X situations. Well used to tlie General Routine of a Jlarket Nursery or Fruit Growing Establishment. Good references,—.!. N., 12, Station Road, Swanley, Kent. '■po FOREMEN.- \Vanted, by a young man X (age 21), a situation under a Foreman in the Houses. Two and a half years' good character. — J. VYSE, 39, Wells Road. Sydenham, S.E. '^ro'NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, for a strong X Youth (age 18), a situation to Learn the routine of General Outdoor Nursery Work. Two years' experience. Small Premium.— H. BARNARD, Chase Side Nursery, ^outhgate. N, LEARNER.— Age 23 ; good character, with several years' average experience in Gardening, desires a situation where lie could Leurn.— GEO. .TAMES, Mill Place, Chislehurst. ''FO FOREMEN.— Wanted by young man (age X 22) a situation under a Foreman in the Houses, or Inside and Out. Two years' good character. — J. TAYLOR, Woodside, Horley. ''pO GARf)ENERS, &c.— AHiENTLKMAN re- X commends a respectable Lad (»gel6), who has l)pen three years in his service, for a situation in a Large Garden where several Young Gardeners are kept. — Address FRANK GAYLOR, Sherrards. Welwyn, Herts. ''TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a X young man (aged Ifi) in a Nurserv. — Apply to Mr. MARSLEN. The Nurseries, Wood Lane, Isleworth, who will recommend the above. TO GENTLEMEN and GARDENERS.— Situation required by yoiAg man (age 20) lo Work In- side or UuL Twaaud a half yearjs' good character. — liOV^iSL, StucVeridge, Tiverton, Devon. CHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30; tho- O rough knowledge of Seed, Bulb. Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references. — WJI. HARRIS. Hammer wood, East Grinstead, Sussex. Nursery or Seed. CLERK or SHOPMAN, in above.— Well up in the execution of orders, &,c. Speaks Italian fluently, and has a fair knowledge of tlie Trade.— Y.Z., 10, Itield Road, London, S.W. SALESMAN and CLERK desires re-engage- ment. Six years' London experience in Plants, {■'eeds, and Rulbs. Practical knowledge of Book-keeping and Short- hand (Pitman's).—,!. Y., Fox & Co., S.*?, ."\Iarl borough Road, Dalston, E. To Nurserymen and Florists. SALESWOMAN.- Thorough knowledge of O Flower, Seed, and Bulb Trade. Wreaths, Crosses, &r. — S. T., Bathwick Nurseries, Bath. FLORIST, indoors. — A young Lady with ex- perience in first cla'^s trade, and having excellent refer- ences, desires engagement as. — A. N., Messrs. Drover Bros., Floriala, Fareham, HOLLOW AY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Coughs, Influenza. — The soothing properties of the medicaments render them well worthy of trial in all diseases of the respiratory organs. In common coMs and influenza the Pills, taken internally, and the Ointment rubbed over the chest and throat, are exceedingly efficacious. When influenza is epidemic, this treatment is the easiest, safest, and surest. HoUoway's Pills purify the blood, remove all obstacles to its free circulation and through the lungs, relieve the over-gorged air tubes, and rendered respiration free, without reducing the strength, irritating the nerves, or depressing the spirits ; such are tne ready means of saving suffering when anyone is afflicted with colds, coughs, bronchitis, and other chest com- plaints, by which eo many perso. -S are seriously and per- manently afflicted in most countries. 416 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mahch 30, 1889. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1889. The Winners of every First Prise in all cases of competition., and theij are the only 3Iowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, June 3 to 7, 1881. The ''Journal of Horticulture," oj Juiie it. stiys:— ".MOWING MACHINES.— After a criticiii examination the Silver Medal was granted to the old tirm of world-wide fame. Messrs. T. Okkmn & So:*, of Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all laniis where f^ood lawus are cherished. Patronised by— HEE MOST GKACIOI'S MA.IESTV THE QUEEN on many occasions, HIS ROYAX HKillNESS THE PRI.NCE OF WALES, THE KI.NG OF THE BELGIANS. The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSLA, And most of the Nobility. Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. it is quite unnecessary to give any description of them." Upwards of 145,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1866, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried oJJ the Highest Pri:e that has been given. The following are their Advantages over all others :— 1st. Simplicity of Construction — every part being easily accessible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order, 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 6th. They will cut either sliort or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. GREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Trice. To cut 6 in., can be -worked by i o, ic a Lady ... J *^ '^ do. do. -2 10 do. by a strong youth 3 10 do. by a man ... 4 10 do. do 6 10 To cut 8 in. To cut 10 in, To cut 12 in, To cut 14 in, DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 16 inches, can be worked by one man (. «(. in n on even lawn ... f *** ^" " To cut 18 infhes, do. man and boy... 7 10 0 To cut 20 inches. do. do. ... 8 0 0 These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and *' Acme ' "To cut 22 inches, can be -worked by two men JES 10 •To cut 21 inches, do. do. ... 9 0 * If mude stronger, suitable for Donkey, 309, extra. Of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. Prices of Donkey, Ponj-, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Box, or Side Delivery, with Croaa-stay complete, suitable for attaching to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness : — Size and Price, 7 inches wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 168. Packing Case. 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c., and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with shears, '" A very useful and serviceable Machine. DONKEY and PONY To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inches To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pony MACHINES. , £11 , 16 , 18 1 1 HORSE To cut 30 inches To cut 36 inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inches Leather Boots for Horse MACHINES. The 26 and 28 inches can easily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse ; and as the Machine m.ike3 little noise in working, the most spirited animal can be employed without fear of it running away, or in any way damaging the machine. Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. GREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVO LAWN MOWER. Highly Recommended for S.MALL Lawns. PRICES, With Grasshox. To cut 6 in. £1 & 0 To cut 7 in. 1 13 0 To cut 8 in. 2 5 0 To cut 10 in. 3 0 0 GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size witli 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 148. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1, SmiiU Bag of Marking Composition, 9d, REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLL.EE,S» For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Path^, &c. Suilable for Hand or Horse Power. Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam. Length £ s. d. 16 in. by 17 in. .. 20 in. by 22 in 3 5 0 24 in. by 26 in 4 10 0 30 in. by 32 in 7 10 0 Special quotation'^ made for Rollers, 3 feet. 3J feet, and 4 feet Diameter, fitted with Shafta for one or two horses. CREEN'S PATENT STEAM ROAD ROLLERS As -upplied to the Camberwpll \'estry, iin.l futkiwtiiK Corpor- ation*, viz. : HudderafifU. Southport. ^Sheflield, Morley, Fleet- wood Commisaioiiers, Municipality ot Trieste, Calcutta, aud otlier place*. Keferekces ir Required. Wcixlit Empty : — 10 toiL<, 12} tons, 16 tons. Weigllt in Working Trim wilji Watcrnnd Fu.'h— 12} tons, IStoris, ISlon.. DeUvered Carna^-e free at aU the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Lon.bm listablishinent, .SlltltliV WORKS, liL.iCKFHI .ills KO.il), ii-herc I'urchasers am make selection out of and Horse Power, and have thtir Ord<:r^ ^iijjpUr.d the daij US they are rereivetl. The largest stock of Mowers kejit bi/ any manufacturer IS to be found at our ^ several hundred Machines of Hand. Pony, and Horse Power, and have thtir O. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N B -Those who Imye Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or Loudon E.tablishmeut, wliere tliey will have prompt attention, as an ElBcient Staff ot Workmen is kept at both places. HORTICULTI'KA L IMPLEMENTS OF EVEKY DESCKIPTION, WIRE NETTING, Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIUS, AND &c. THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communication, should b, addressed to •• The Editor;" Adrertisement, and Business Letters to "The Publisher," .t the Office, 41 Welti ngt^m Street CoTent O'''^/''' I" '■J",;';,^^^.^, Printed by William Richards, at th. Office ot Me»r>. BRiDBURV, Aonew, & Co.. Lombard Street, Prec.nct of Wh.tefn.r,, Cty of London^ .u '^e Co" "ty of Middle'e, au^^ U. .aid William BIOHAEDS at ths Office, 41, W.UingtOB Strt.t, Parish of St. Paul's, C»r«i.t Qardm, iu th. Mid County .-Saturbay, March JO, H«9. Agent for Manch.,t r-JoK.-( HnrwooB. Established No. 2613. No. 119.-V0L. Y. g::^,} SATUEDAY, APRIL 6, 1889. [Regt. as o Newspaper. /PR'OE 3d< l Post-Fkee, Sid. CONTENTS Adulterated seeds ... 434 Aerides vandarum ... i-'ii.! Agricultural researches... 4.15 ADoiganthus breviiiorua . 437 BleCia hyacitithina ... 430 British Fruit Growers' Association 437 Camellia, the 425 Cattleya Lindleyana ... 437 Congresses at Paria ... 433 Cryptomeria elegans * ... 430 Cypripedium T. B. Hay- wood 42S Drug Sales 436 Eucalyptus Staigeriana . 437 Flower garden, the ... 431 Fruits under glass ... 436 Fumigating Orchid- houses 43S Gardeners' Orphan Fund 434 Gardening appointmeut-s 446 Gas-lime for Union grub 438 Hardy fruit gardeo ... 431 Horticultural Club ... 432 „ sundries 429 Impatiens Rodigasi ... 4Si Inventiooa, useful ... 436 Kitchen garden, the Market requirements ... Mushroom disease Odontoglossum Harrya- num pavonium Oncidium undulatum ... Orchid fertilisation „ houses, the ,, notes Paris exhibition... Phylloxera in Asia Minor Plants and their culture Pot, the scientific ... Railway rates Rose, Marechal Niel Roses, Teas on walls Societies : — Aberdeen AVorlcing Men's Botanical Glasgow and West of Scotland Royal Caledonian Royal Horticultural ... Scottish Horticultural Trees and Shrubs Violets Weather, the 431 432 434 428 430 438 436 430 43;J 434 435 436 432 438 428 439 439 439 440 430 437 440 Camellia Donckelaari ,, miniature white ... Camellias, types of Eucalyptus Staigeriana ... Pot. the scientitic Illustrations. 429 428 4a3 437 436 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, UTider no cirewnstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d, r'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV., Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1888. W. RICHARDS, 41, WeUington Street. Sbrand. W.C. rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J- IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is g4.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America :— E. H. LIBBY, "The American Garden," 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. 0 Y AL BOTANIC SOCIETY GARDENS, REGENT'S PARK, N.W. EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 10. Gates Open at 2 o'CIock. The Band will play from 2.30 to 5.:iO. Tickets to be obtained at tha Gardens only by Vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 2*. 6d. each. ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN- BAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in ca.ses containing 50 fine Bulbs, at 255. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 235. 9rf. Cases containing luO fine Bulbs, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs. 4s,, ^ds., 9s., 123., and 18s. per dozen. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. 237 and 23S. HIGH HpLBORN, LONDON. W.C. NEW AVHITE GLOXINIA VIRGINALE. — This is a sterling Norelty. Flowers are large, erect, and of good substance. Pure white. Strong bulbs, just starting, 2s. 6rf. each ; 24s. per dozen. JOHN LAIXG ASD SONS, Stanstead Park Nurseries Forest Hill. S.E. UT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c.— Best class of customers iu district for good flower-' Sales. WEDNESDAY and FRIDAYNight all the year round. Daily, when required. Largest and most centrally situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham. — POPE and SONS, 6, Phillip's Street (close to Market Hall). Birmingham. CUT LILIES OF THE VALLEY, or with their Roots for making up Pots, can he supplied in any quantity at lowest market prices. Extra supply for Easter Week. Are now being booked. T. JANNOCH, The Lily Nursery, Dersingham, King's Lynn. W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287. 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.O., are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — ■* COMMISSION, SIDCUP." Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes, &c., supplied. — Address, Commission Depart- ment, HOOPER AND CO. (Limited). Covent Garden. W.C. HOICE FRUIT and FLOWERS.— Highest Market Prices Guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES. Fruit and Flower Salesman. Covent Garden. W.C. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats. Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouj^e Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. ANTED, PINUS RESINOSA, one or two good Specimena. State size and price. JNO, JEf FKIES AND SON, Cirencester. ANTED, MAIDENHAIR FERN, in Small Pots. State Lowest Cash Price per 1000. Also DRAC.ENA TEEMINALIS and COOPEEI, Old Cut-backs. Lowest price per dozen. HY. PHUN, Thomas Wild. Sipson, Middlesex ANTED, LIGUSTRUM OVALIFOLIUM, 5 to 6 feet high. F., BOX 30, Post Office. Hull. W WANTED, large PALMS, as Latanias, Pha-nix, Corypbaa, Chamferops, and other furnishing Plants.— Slate price, &c., to E. S., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Gardeners. WANTED, various small STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in Mixture, by the 100, &c. ; also named Show Pinks. Eucharis. Melon Seeds, Daphne indica, alba, and rubra; Gloxinia Bulbs, Greenhouse Pelargo- nium Cuttings, named Gold-laced Polyanthus, named Auri- culas, Tree and other Paeonies, small Oleanders, Asparagus plunosus nanus. Plumbago rosea. Lowest Trade, cash with order to FLORIST, Gardeners' Cliromcle OfBce, 41, WeUington Street, Strand. W.C. To the Trade. w ANTED, 100 Black Hamburgh VINES, l-yr.. m pots. Apply with lowest price to E POND, The Vineries. St. Lawrence. Jersey. WANTED, JERUSALEM ARTICHOKES and SHALLOTS. Send Sample and price to J. W. BARNHAM, Fruit Salesman, Covent Garden Market, London, W.C. ANTED, a few thousand Root Cuttings of Lilywhite SEAKALE. State lowest prices to B. WELLS, The .Martyrs Gardens, Craw'ey. w M Barr's DeBcrlptlTO List of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARS AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. REES and SHRUBS for the Sea Coast. CATALOGUE free on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 6 tcet, ,, Variegated, 3, 4, 6, and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and tinely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. FUCHSIAS, in 50 best and new varieties. — strong and Well-rootC'' Cuttings. 85. per 100 for Cash. S. MORTI.MER, Swiss Nursery, Famham, Surrey. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C EGONIA SEED.— Box's Jubilee varieties are the best both for quality and quantity; of Singles per packet, e erection of a gentleman's resi- dence, and having extensive froatage to 2 Roads of 8J0 feet offers every liicility for immediate profitable develop- ment as a Building Estate. It is also very suitably placed for persons reLiuiriiig a Poultry Farm. IV/rESSUS. FRANCIS PITTIS and SON will ■ 'ZjT^^^-h}' by AUCTION, at the Bugle Hotel in Newport. , on VVEDNLSUAY, April 17. Ib89. at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, ' J^tp^wn'? I.^Do'^fn?."'"'''"' ^■■- ^^O"'*^' ^^^ ^bove VALUABLE JTRHiiHULD PROPERTY, with possession. Vendors Solicitor. R. ROACH PITHS. Newport and Cowe8. Monday Next. 2000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. from Japan, in splendid condition, and about 3000 various imported and English-grown LILIES, comprising unu^uallv fim? bulbs of LILIUM RUBRUMURUENTUM, ALBUM KKfETZERI RUBROVITTATUM.PLATYPUYLLUMLONGIFLORUM. and many others : awarded many First Class Certificates. A very fine coileotion of various IRIS. DAHLIAS, and about 1000 HARDY PLANTS and BULBS. ]VTESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS will 1"X SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and US, Cheapside, London. E.C., on MONDAY NEST, April 8. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues^had. Tuesday Next, April 9. UNRESERVED SALE, by order of the Executors of the late Mr. J. H. Bath, pf Manor Farm, North Cray. 8000 ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Important to the Trade and large buyers. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MOHRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and is, Cheapaide, E.C., on TUESDAY, April 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the first portion of this extensive Col- lection. The entire Collection comprises about .5000 Odonto- gloasum Alexandra, Pescatorei, and triumphans, mostly undowered ; 3000 Cattleyaa, Cypripediums. Dendrobium, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. SALE BY SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT. April 10, a large quantity of SPKINO FLOWERS, HEBBACEOUS PLANTS, HOLLYHOCKS, PANSIES, &c.. from Sample. Samples will be on view morning of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C. Wednesday Next. A choice Collection ot about .500 FERNS ; ,500 named CABNA- TIONS and PICOTEEStroman English Nursery; and other STOVE and GBEE.N'HOUSE PLANTS; a great variety ot English-grown LILIES and HABDY HULBS ; L'OOO LILIUM AUBATUM, from .Tapnn ; IBIS, DAHLIAS, TUBEROSES, BEGONIAS, FREESIAS, ANEMONES GLADIOLUS, Hardy ORCHIDS; 10,000 fresh seeds of CORYPHA AUSTBALIS; also a quantity of HOLLY- HOCKS, PANSIES, and other Spring Flowers and Herbaceous Plants for SALE from Sample. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and 5I0RRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 10, at halt-past lii o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDE.K. Xf ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will -Lt_L inchide in their SALE by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, on FRIU.W NEXT, April \2, by order of -Messrs. Shuttleworth, Carder & Co., a very line lot ot ODONTOGLOS- SUM CBISPUM (.ILEXANDBiE) of the best type, including several extra masses. Also a quantity of Established CYPRI- PEDIUMS, ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDK.E, and other ORCHIDS. On view morniuf of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY, April 12, by order of Messrs. Secger & Tropp, the following ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS :— CYPRIPEDIUM SEEGERIANUM, fine plant. CYPRIPEDIU.M GRANDE, with flower-spite, best variety. CATTLEYA CALUM.MATA, Eleu's Hybrid. ODONTOGLOSSU.VI A.-iPERSUM VIOLACEUM, in flower CYPRIb-ElJlUM JAVANICO SUPEKBIENS, Bleu's Hybrid. PLEUROTHALLIS ROEZLI, fine plant. MASDEVALLIA MACRUEA. ODONTOGLOSSUM ASPEE- SUM-Sl'ILOGLOSSUM, Rchb. flls, the rose-coloured lip is heavilv spotted with pink. CATTLEYA MOSSI.E ALBA (WAGNEEI), splendid plant, 2 flower sheaths. On view morning ot Sale, aud Catalogues had. Friday Next, April 12. IMPORTANT SALE of unusually well grown ESTABLISHED OECHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from jMessra. W. Thomson & Sons, of Clovenfords, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C, on FRIDAY, April 12, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a magniticent lot of well-grown ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in splendid con- dition. Amongst the plants may be mentioned several espe- cially fine Odonfoglossum Pescatorei, many iu spike, with 8.5 flowers; a very Hne lot ot Cypripedium, including grande, Morgania?, Schrodera', Wallisii (true), Measuresianum, Arthurianum, (Euautlium superbum, and others ; Cymbidium eburneum, grand specimen; Pnrishii (true), elegans, Cattleya labiata, autumn llowenng; Cielogyue cristata alba. Lielia anceps Dawsonii and anceps alba, Oncidium macrauthum, large plants; Dendrobium Leachianum, Vandas, Odontoglos- sum crispum, very fine pinnta ; Aerides Lawrenceie and Sanderianum. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, April 16. ORCHIDS IN FLOWER. Special Sale for Easier Decoration. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that they will hold a SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS IN FLOWER, for Easter Decoration, on TUES- DAY, April 16, for wliich they will be glad to receive Notice of Entries NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT. Bamet, In the High Court ot Justice ; Chancery Division, Comwell ^K Cornwell. IMPOBTANT TO BEGINNERS. At a Nominal Reserve, to close accounts, ihe Old-estaMi-hed NURSERY BUSINESS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Th • Hadlev Nursery, High Street, Burnet, on TUESDAY, April 16 a't I o Clock precisely, m three lots, the Beuehcial Intereet in the LEASE of the NURSERY, known as the Hadiey Nursery, High Street, Haruet, compnsiug 5 Acres of capital Laud' 8 Greenhouses, Dwelliughouse, and Seed 6hop, held for II years at a Nominal Bent ; also a valuable PLOT of FREE- HOLD BUILDING LAND fronting the High Street aii.1 the LEASEHOLD NURSERY of about 2 Acres at llarnet Common: Particulars obtained on the Premises; of Messrs HOUGH- TOSS AND BYFIELD, Solicitors, 8o. Gracechilrch street, E.G., and Bamet; of Messrs. SCOTT ANli BAKER, Solicitors 10, Gray's Inu Square, W.C, and Hatfield ; and of the Auc- tioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Streatham Hill, SW. By order ot the Executors of the late John Southgate, Esq. UNRESERVED SALE ol the whole ot the well-grown STOVE and GBEE.SHOLSE PL.4N1S, many fit for exhibition ]V/IESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are J-TX favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION on ^•"r, ''J^'f,''"• Selborne, Leigham Court Road. Straat'ham Hill, S.W., 3 minutes' walk from Streatham Hill Railway Station, on WEDNESDAY, April 17, at 12 o'clock precisely in consequence of the large uumtier of lots, the whole of the well- grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, grand specimen Camellias, trained Azaleas, two magnificent Lupugerias (alba and rosea rubrum), a large quantity of Decorative Plants, Palms, Crotons, and Dractenas, a capital collection of Chrysan- themums, a magnificent strain of Herbaceous Calceolarias, Cyclamen, and ciuerarias,_aud other items. May be viewed the day prior, and morning of Sale Cata- logues had of Mr. SALTER, the Head Gardener, on the Pre- mises ; and ot the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. HigUy Important Sale, The Unrivalled Collection of SUCCULENT PLANTS, formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Esq., and enjoying a reputation probably unequalled in Europe. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, Sudbury House, Hammersmith, W., on WED- NESDAY and THURSDAY, May 1 and 2, at U for 12 o'clock precisely each day, without reserve, the whole of the Valuable COLLECTION of SUCCULENT PLANTS, including many species that are unique, and others of extreme rarity, including tile Entire Stock ot the beautiful new Cereus, J. T. Peacock Gasterins, Hawarlhias, Agaves, Phyllocatus. Sempervivums' MesemDrjanthemunia, Opuntias, Yuccas, Echinocactus, &c Also 120 hue plants of Todea superba, several large Camel- lias, Lapageria alba and rosea, and other plants. No plaats » 111 be sold privately prior to the Auction Catalogues may shortly be obtained of Mr. \'ICKERY Head Gardener, on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers and Eslnte Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Preliminary Notice. The tar-famed SUDBURY HOUSE COLLECTION ot ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, Formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Esq. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Executors of the late J. T. Peacock, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, Sudburv House, Hammersmith W on MONDAY. May 13, aud four following days, at half'-p'is't 12 o'clock precisely each day, the ENTIKE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, being the contents ot tweutv- three Greeuhouses. For description of plauts, see Gardeners' Cnrontcle, March 23 last. No Plants will be sold privately prior to the Auction. The Collection may be inspected at any time by cards, to be obtained of the Auctioneers. Catalogues may be had when ready of Mr. VICKERY, the'Head Gardener, on the Premises; and of . the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside London, E.C. ' Preliminary Notice. The well-known COLLECTION ot ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late Edwin Wright, Esq., of Gravelly Hill,' Birmingham. Unreserved Sale, by order of the Executors' l\,f ESSKS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are i-fX favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C on TUESDAY', May 21, the well-known COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late Edwin Wright, Esq. Further particulars will appear. The Celebrated Downside Collection of Orcblds PRELIMINARY NOTICE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured With iDstructioua from W.Lee, Esq. ofDou'ii- Bide, Leatherhead, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, (37 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.G., on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, June 4 and 6, the remaining portion of the above celebrated Collection of ESTABLISHED OKCHIDS. Further particulars will appear. London, £. (t58bl). FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL. FREE- HOLD NUKSERY situate in main road. Seven capital Greenhouseg, all heated. Substantially built houae, «even room^^, stable, and outbuildings. Triiie £Si)0; part can remain Apply PROTHEKOE ami MORKIS. t>7 & 08. Cheap>^ide. K.c". 1"'0 DE SUED, as a Going Concern, an Old Entablished N'URSKRYand FLORIST BUSINESS, near Leeds. Established .il yvnrs. The Nur,M-ry consists of S acres of clioice Nursery and llerbuooous Slock and fuur or hve Plant Houses. Fi^o^clas^ opening for a pushing mau. Best locality in Yorkshire, no other Nursery within tJij miles. Satisfactory reason for leaving. D. Q., Gardeners' Chronicle Offici?, 41, Wellintftou Street Stroud, W.C. ° Apeil 6, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. 419 South Kensington, S.W. CLEARANCE SALE of the PL.mTS and OUTDOOR EFFECTS in and about tlie Conservatory and Grounds o£ the Horticultural Gardens. MESSRS. HORNE, SON, and EVERS- FIELD are iDstructed by the Royal Commissioners o£ 1851 Exhibition to SELL by AVCTION, on the premises. Exhibition Koad. S.W., on TUESDAY, April il, at 10 for 11 o'clock, the valuable OREENHOl'SE I'LANTS. I'ALMS, EVERGREENS, TREES. TURF, Terra-cott» and other V \SES. FIGURES and PEDESTALS, a pair of handsome MA.IOLICA VASES. Wire BASKETS, Iron ARCHWAYS, ROLLERS, and other GARDEN IMPLEMENTS, and a quantity of other elfecta. May be viewed by Catalogues only, to be hiid of Messrs. HORNE. SON AXD EVERStlELD, 17, Great George Street, S.W. : and S4, Basinghall Street. E.C. Note.— The handsome CONSERVATORY. 240 feet long, 64 feet wide, and T.t feet high, with wrought -iron framing, also the Glass Roofs and Materials of the adjacent Buildings, WILL BE SOLD THE FOLLOWING MONTH, but in the meantime Offers to Purchase the Conservatory, in one lot, for re-erection, may be made as above. Brantlngham Tliorpe, near Brougb, East YorkBhire. IMPORTANT SALE of SPECIMEN and ESTABLISHED OKCHIDS, Cabuu'ts of LEPIDOPTEROUS INSECTS. BOOKS on GARDENING. &c. MESSRS. HEPPER Atro SONS are favoured with iustruofiona from Christopher Sykes, Esq.. M.P.. to SELL bv AUCTION, at Brantingham Thorpe, near Erough, East Yorkshire, on WEDNESDAY. April 10, commenciuK at 12 oCIock prompt, hia \'aluable COLLECTION of SPECIMEN and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, &c., com- prising : — Odontoglossum crispum, Pescatorei, vexillarium. vexilla- riamCobbianum.Lindleyanum, ploriosum, Hallii.trfumphans, cirrhosum, Ros-^i mnjus. tripudians," Sanderianum, Phalce- nopais. pulchellum, Roezlii, citrosmum, &c. Cattleya Gaskelliana. Mendelii. virginalis. MosaiEe. Triante, Percivaliana, gigaa iraperiatis. crispa superba, Warseewiczia delicata. Sanderii, Dowiani Eldorado, maziniu, Leopoldii, &c. Dendrobium Wardianuni, aureum. Eeusoniro, nobile nobilis, Lowii, Jamesianum. Dearei, &c. Oncidium unguiculatum. tigrinum, auro9um, Forbesii, Papilio majus. Gardneri, praitextuni, &c. Cypripedium insigne, purpuratum. Robelenii, Spicerianum, caudatum. Icevigatum, hirsutisstmum, &c. Leelia autumnalis, atrorubens, albida, Dayana. purpurata, ftDcepa Sanderianum, &c, Acineta, Ada, Anguloa, Aerides. Angnpcum Leonis. Camaro- tis, Calanthe, Coilogne. Colax. Cyrabidium, Cyrtochilum, Harpophylium. Masdevallia, MaxiUaria, Miltonia, Mormodes, Peristeria, Phalrenopsis, Pleione, Saccolabium, Sobralia, Stan- hopea. Vanda, Zygopetalum. &c. ; also a collection of splendid Nepenthes (Pitiher plants), Anthunum, Alocasia, Sec. A Slate Tank, containing one of the finest plants in the country of the rare Ouvirandra fenestralis (or Lattice Plant) ; & number of rare Ferns, Sec, Two Cabinets containiug 737 specimens of Lepidopterous Insects. Herbarium of dried plants, about 60 volumes of books on Gardening, and two volumes of Stainton's Moths and Butterflies. The collection is in fine healthy condition, and most of the plants are suitable either for public exhibition or private decoration. Catalogues will be ready one week before Sale, and may be had of the Auctioneers, East Parade. ILeeds, and 12, Piccadilly, Bradford ; or of M. R. C. KINGSTON, at Brantingham Thorpe, and the plants may be seen on Monday and Tuet^day. April 8 and 9. WANTED, a General NURSERY BUSI- NESS (or Flower and Seed Shop).— Apply, H. R., 42, CUfden Road, Lower Clapton. E. Torkshire, West Riding. On the confines of an important and thriving Market Town. TO BE SOLD, as a going concern, and at a great sacrifice, to ensure an early Sale, a very Old-estab- lished StJRSEBY and FLORIST'S BUSINESS. The Premises comprise about .t| Acres of capital Land, held at a very moderate rental and well stocked witti useful Stuff. With Foreman's Cottage. Packing Barn, S-stall Stable and Coach-house, Stone- built Offices and Store room. The Glass Erections comprise 6 useful Greenhouses, efficiently heated with Hot Water, also numerous Cold Frames, mostly covered with movable Glass Lights. Well supplied with Water. The Nursery is situate about 2 miles from the Town, and within 1 mile of a Railway Station. Satisfactory reasons will be given for Disposal. A splendid opportunity for acquiring a Genuine Business on exceedingly reasonable terms. The Vendor will be open to consider any reasonable offer to effect an early Sale. For further particulars apply to Mr. F. CARTER, Accountant, &c.. Nelson Chambers. Cloth Hall Street, Huddersfield. To Market Gardeners and Others. TO BE SOLD, with Possession, a ROOT CROP of 2 acres, 5 perches, of RHUBARB adjoining the Holbom Estate Almshouses at Tooting. Tenders for the same on or before MONDAY, the 8th inst., lo the CLERK of the Holborn Estate Charity, 16, Houghton Street, Strand, W.C. IRST-GLASS WEST-END PREMISES^ one door from Piccadilly, of the net annual value of £tJ10, and held direct from the Freeholder for a long unexpired term, together with or without the goodwill of the Old-established Seed Business of Thomas Gibbs & Co., or Offers for the Trade and Use of the Name, apart from the lease, might he enter- tained. Apply, on the Premises. 26, Down Street, Piccadilly, W. ; or to Messrs. EDWIN FOX and BONSFIELD, 99. Greaham Street. Bank. E.C. TO LET, or might be SOLD, in North Lancashire, The HOMESTEAD, Melling, an Old- fashioned, substantial and commodious House, with good Garden, small Glasshouse, Cottage, Stable, Coach-bouse, and Field, all in good condition. Situate near Church. Station, and Post-office. Apply to G. H. PBITT, Estate Agent, Lancaster. TO FLORISTS.— Excellent site in prominent and fashionable po'-iiion ; neighbourhood of Show Oardons. TO BE LET on LEASE. Agents. GEO. BERRY. SON. and HISCOX, 82, Brompton Road. S.W. Famborougb, Hants. TO BE LET, on LEASE, for a term of years, a most desirable walled VEGETABLE and FRUIT GARDEN, of about 2 Acren, well stocked with well-trained Fruit Trees. Contains :— Tank-house with wrought-iron tank and pulsometer engine, with furnace, &c. ; tool shed and loft over engine-house, with Rider s t^ntent Hot Air Engine, with apparatus and tnnk ; Potato and Root-house; 2 Greenhouses, * span, 26 feet by 16 feet, and :6 feet by 12 feet ; Potting Sheds ; Propagating House, span roof, about 31 feet by 11 feet ; Early Peach Hou*ie. J span, in two divisions, 100 feet by 13 feet, with well-trained treos in full bearing; Melon and Cucumber-house, span roof, in three divisions. 60 feet by 14 feet; a span Vinery, in four divisions, with outside frames on each side. 200 feet by 20 feet ; a similar Vinery, 200 feet by 16 feet. The Vines are in full bearing; the glasshouses are of modern construction, iron-framed, with sliding glass, and are supplied with heating apparatus and piping, long open pot and soil shed. This property has singular advantages, hfing on the high road to Aldershot, about J mile from Farnborough Station. L. and S. W. Railway. The whole of the produce has been readily disposed of on the spot, thus saving cost of trans- port to market and risk of .loss. The expanse of glass admits of large increase in the cultivation of fruit and flowers, and more land can be rented if required. Enquire HILL, SON. and RICKARDS, 39, Old Broad Street. E.C. Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. IV/rESSRS. PROTHERUE and MORRIS' XtX HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be ohtiiined, gratis, at 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E.C. B I G SALE. UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT FROM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY. RENTS REGULARLY PAID. THE ABO\'E ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY ST. .TOHN'S COLLEGE, CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to offer the Nursery Stock at Half Price. Buyers must book to Sunningdale Station, S.W.R. CHARLES N'OBLE, BAGSHOT. ARTLAND'S DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS, varieties "Anemonffiflora" and "Soleil d'Or," the former having a yellow Anemone-flowered flat and frilled centre, with the outer florets or jijuard- petals extended, and known in English gardens as multt/lorus plenits. Plants, each9(/. ; post-free. 3rf. extra. The new plant, or "Quilled form." is bright orange, and the outline that of a Cactus Dahlia, the A. W. Tait type ; and. to prevent confusion in the term "plenus," designated by me as ''Soleil d'Or." or the Irish Quilled flower. Each, Is. ^d. ; extra size, 25. 6rf., post-free. Illustrations of both forms, as drawn by Gertrude Hartland, can be had for a stamped envelope. I have been instrumental in getting distinctions for the first time observed by English florists in their Catalogues. Trade price on application. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties. Is., 2s. Qd., and 65. per packet. Collections — Single. 12 named varieties, separate. 5s. 6d. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to ■I'-'s. perdoz, ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 2\s. per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. perdoz.; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz.; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPENS Special Priced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unusually low this season, and may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. SMALL SHRUBS a^^d CONIFERS. — Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 12 inches, 505. per 100 ; Abies orientalis. 1-yr., 30.?. per 1000 ; American Arbor-vitoe, 1| foot, COS. per 1000; Sweet Bay, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000; Scarlet Chests nut, 1-yr., 6s. per 100; Cupre^ssus macrocarpa, 1-yr., 30*. per 1000; Lawsoni, 18 inches, 60s. per 1000; erecta viridis, 4 inches. 30s. per 1000; do.. 1 foot, 12s. per 100; stricta, 1 to IJ foot, 12s. per 100; Cedrus atlantica, l-yr., 1-yr. trans- planted. 10s. per 100 ; Escallonia macrantha, iKJts. 14s. per 100; Portugal Laurel, 1-yr. transplanted, 20s. per 1000; Limes, 1-yr. transplanted, 16s. per 1000 ; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., extra, 16s. per 1000; P. Strobus, 2-yr., 2j. per 100; Scarlet Oak, 1-yr., 3s. per 100; Privet ovalifoliura. 8 to 9 inches, 10s. per 1000; Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches. 10s. per 100; Thuia dolobrata. 8 to 9 inches, 805. per 1000; do.. 10 inches, fine, 125. per 100. T. Ellwangeriana, 6 to 8 inches, 65. per 100; Veronica Traversii. 6 to 8 inches, fine, 6s. per 100; English Yew, 1-yr., l-yr. transplanted, 20s. per 1000; do., 8 to 10 inches, 7s. per 100. Irish Yew, 6 to 9 inches, lOfi. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. £300 THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. rpiIE SECOND ELECTION. -*- FIVE CHILDREN to be Elected to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of 5s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July 19 next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.C. All applications must be made on a proper printed Form, copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY, April 20, 1889. A, F. Babron, Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardeoa, Chiswicic, W. PRIZES ] MEDALS, and CERTIFI- CATES tor FLOWERS, FRUIT. VEGE TABLES, nnd HONEY. Open to Members of all Co-Operative Societies in tiie King- dom, C£10U for profluce grown from " One and All " Seed of the Agricultural and Horticultural As.sociation, Limited). Schedule.s on application to THE SECRETARY, .1. Agar Street, Strand. W.C. FOR SALE, Specimen Plants ; ERICAS, ALLAM4NDAS, DIPLADENIA3, BOUGAINVILLKAS, and CKOTONS. Apply, C. F,, 46, Cliff Road, Leeds. Yorkshire. STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4». per 100 Plants in small pots. 16j. per luO; ditto, in large pots' 25«. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.— RICHARD SMITH AND- CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester, Fruit Trees, C A (\f\(\ PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard 'J\Jl\j\J\J and Dwarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, all fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. -lAA ALPINE and~Hl5'RirACE0US XUV/ PLANTS, 25s, Descriptive CATALOGCE, Illus- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting information). Po9t>free. 9o. STANSFIELD BROS., Southport. Grand New Japanese Chrysanthemum. THOMAS STEPHENSON." A beautitul bronzy -crimson sport from "Criterion." indispensable for exhibition. 'A grand, full show flower ; broad petals, sligntly incurved at the tips, a lovely yellow shade on the reverue of the petals. FIVE FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Orders booked from all theprincipal Chrysanthemum Growers. (See E. Molyneux's opinion. The Garden, 890, &c.) Rooted plants ready end of March ; 7s. 6d. each, 3 for 15s. CATALOGUE of new and rare varieties, post-free. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham. PPLE TREES with Mistleto growing on them. 10s. 6rf., 155., and '2ls. each. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. 100 Herbaceous and Alpine Plants for 26s. RICHARD SMITH and CO.'S SELECTION, as above, contains a most interesting and valuable assortment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Bockwork, which produce flowers and render the garden attractive all through the year. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free for 6 stamps. RICHARD SMTTH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. New Tea Rose. SOUVENIR DE S. A. PRINCE. A pure white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami. This is undoubtedly the finest white Tea Rose that haa been offereil to the public of late years. It has all the good qualities of Souvenir d'un Ami, in addition to wliich it is of more robust habit, the foliage being of a dark glossy green. As an exhibition variety, Souvenir de S. A. Prince will super- sede Niphetos, it always being of good shape, and not having the latter's bad tendency of opening quartered and green- centered. Three First-class Certificates. Grafted Plants, ready in June, price lOs. 6d. each. GEORGE PRINCE, Rose Grower, Oxford. E L L y AND WALSH (Limited), Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £o upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. K A. Uetze, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, ALIETZE'S NEAV CALAPIUMS, • ORCHIDS, and PALM SEEDS. Price LISTS of above Post-free to all applicants from Messrs. ADOLPH y. ESSEN AXD CO., 73, Or, Reichenstr., Hamburg, Germany, 420 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AfBiL 6, 1889. ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such magnitude that, irithout seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented eitent. Inspection Intited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW «& CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, N. FRUIT TREES SEVENTY-FOUR ACRES. APPIFS PEAKS PLUMS, CHEKRIES. PEACHES. NECriSES ^licOTsT^d other FRUIT TREES. ^ Standards. Dwarfs. Pyramids. Bushes, Cordon, and Trained Trees in great variety. ^ , ,. „ aj ■\n> aj VINTi'S excellent Canes. 35. 6rf., 5s., 7s. 6a., lus. tja. OrcS HoCie Trei in pots, PEACHES, APKICOTS, NEC- TAEINES. &c.,from5s. FIGS from as. 6(i. , ,t. „^„„„ DESCRIPTIVE LIST, containing a sketch of the various forms of Trees, with Directions for Cultivation. Soil, Drainage, Manure, Pruning, Lifting. Cropping. Treatment^under G ass ; also their Synonyms, Quality, Size. Foma. Skin, Colour FlejA. Flavour, Use, Growth, Duration, Season. Price, &c. , free by post. RICHARD smith" & CO., WORCESTER. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Fenny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES^ CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, jMiBOROUCHJilCESTERSHIRE^ THE^REAlTwHITE ELEPHANT OR IMPROVED WHITE ELEPHANT POTATO. This is a sport from Daniels' White Elephant Potato, but has the great advantage of having a pure white skm. It is one of the hea% iest croppers grown. Cooks splendidly. PINK PERFECTION. The handsomest coloured round yet raised. A sure prize- t^er SEED POTATOS. All'the best of the old and new varieties in commerce. Over 200 varieties to select from, at moderate prices. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, containing lists for various pur- poses and other useful information. The most complete in JOHN WATKINS. Potato Grower, Pomona Farm, Withing- ton, Hereford. S^E^ D S, Vegetable, Flower, and Faim, CAREFULLY SELECTED, AND FROM WHICH MAY BE EXPECTED THE BEST RESULTS EVEK YKT ATTAINED. ILLUSTRATED LIST, Containing Copious, Interesting, and Reliable Information, Free. To the Seed Trade. » „ ^ x-. /CHAMPION YELLOW GLOBE \J MANGEL WURZEL. MALDEN AUD SON have a few tons more than they require for their retail trade to dispose of. It is a first-class sample, and grows over 100. Mr. Motfatt. nurseryman here at Biggleswade, tried 5 pots, 50 seeds each, giving the following results:— Ist pot, 69 plants; 2nd, .58 ; Mrd,56; 4th. 53; 5th, 50. MALDEN AXD SON have also a few Sacks of the following SEEDS to dispose of;-PRIZE DRU-IIHEAD or CATTLE CABBAGE; THOUSA-N'D-HEADED CABBAGE or KALE; nud CHAMPION GREEN TOP KOHL RABL— For samples and price, apply. The Square, Biggleswade, Beds. SPECIMEN CONIFERS.— Trees for Avenues, Evergreens, and Forest Trees in great variety. CATA- LOGUE free on application. — RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester, ORCHIDS.— Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Eiotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. RICHARD SMITH & CO., SEED MERCHANTS & NTTRSEBYMEN, WORCESTER. TEA SCENTED CHINA ROSE, MAY BIVEBS. Report of tlio Royal Horticultural Society, April, 4, 18S8, when a First-class Certificate was awarded : — " May Rivers is a Tea Rose, with large and deep blossoms, the outer pttals cieainy white, centre clear lemon-yellow." Stong pi iiiIh rciidy M ly 1st, 5^\ e ich. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, Sawbrldgewortli. CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. DANIELS' SPECIAL STRAINS The following have been grown specially for our rf tail trade, and are recommended as the very finest strains pro- curable for exhibition or decorative purposes; — THE BEST ASTERS. DANIELS' IMPROVED VICTORIA, Large, beautifully imbricated flowers of the most splendid form and colour : — ■''■• "; An assortment of 16 distinct varieties -1 ti 12 „ , :f ^ \\ „ 8 „ 2 6 Choicest mixed seed, per packet. 6d. and Is. THE BEST STOCKS. DANIELS" LARGE-FLOWERED TEN-WEEK. Magnificent strain of beautiful double iiowers, very highly recommended : — An assortment of 24 superb varieties ^^ 6 18 , 4 ^ 12 3 0 6 , 1 *J Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6rf. and Is. PANSY. DANIELS' PRIZE BLOTCHED, A grand strain of large and most beautifully blotched and coloured flowers, Very choice mixed seed ,,. per packet, Is. 6rf. and 2 t PHLOX DRUMMONDI GRANDIFLORA, A highly improved strain of large, brilliantly- coloured flowers : — An assortment of 12 splendid varieties 3 t 8 ., 2 i Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6d. and Is. ZINNIA ELEGANS, NEW GIANT DOUBLE, A grand, new strain of magnificiently-coloured luriie double flowers :— An assortment of 8 superb varieties - ' Choicest mixed seeds, Gd. and Is. DANIELS BROS., SEED GKOWERS and NURSERYMEN, NORWICH. NEW HOSES for 1889. WM. PAUL & SON beg to announce that their LIST of the above is now ready, and will be sent post-free on application. Specially worthy of note are MARCHIONESS OF LORNE. H.P. (Wm. Paul &. Son).— Plants ready in May, 10s. 'id. each. SAPPHO, T. (Wm. Paul & Son).— Two First-class Certificates. Plants ready in May, 10s. &d. each. WHITE LADY, H.T. (Wm. Paul & Son). Plants ready in May, 3s. 6d. each. WHITE PERLE. T. (siwrt from Perle des Jardins). PlanU ready in May, 5s. and 7s. 6d. each. THE QUEEN, T. (white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami). Plants ready in May, 5*. and 7s. Gd. each. The collection also includes other new Roses (Engli&h and Foreign) for 1889, and all the best new Roses of 1688. WM. PAUL AND SON have also a fine block of the leading older varietie^i of Roses in pots, for planting out for gardea decoration and cutting, 10s. 6d. to 15s. per dozen, £4 to £3 per 100. Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. ROSES-20 ACRES, Well-rooted, many-shooted, truly named, of matured vigorous growth, and of the best kinds. Bushes, R. S. & Co.'s selection, 8s. per dozen ; 60s. per 100. Packing and carriage tree for cash with order. These World-famed ROSES cannot fail to give the greatest satisfaction. ROSES IN POTS; bU the best New »nd Old English »nd Foreign sorts, from 18». to 36s. per dozen. Detcriptive List free on application. RlCHARDlwiiTH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. FERNS A SPECIALTY. The I'mest, most varied, choice, and interestioR CoUectioo in the Trade. 1400 TOecies and varieties ot Stove. Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns. Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application. Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra- tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of Ferns, Is. Qd. post-free. w. & jT^irkenhead, FEBN NUKSEUY. SALE, MANCHESTER. ANEMONE C0R0NARIA-8T. BRICID. Grown from the True Newry Stock. No better Strain existing. 1 oz. Packets with Cultural Directions, (or 2s. 6(i. Postal Order THOS. KITLEY, OLDFIELD NURSERY, BATH. KELWAY & SON. Now is the time to plant : — GLADKILI, of which we grow 20 acres. P.EdNIES, do. do. 5 ,, PVUETHRUMS. do. do. 3 „ DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 .. GAILLAUDIAS, do. do. 3 ,. ■■ The lamest collc.lio i in the world," tor which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botan.c Societies of London have been given. See our MANUAL for 1889, Cratis and Post free. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. C H E A L S' DAHLIAS. CELEBRATED STRAIN OF SINGLES, CACTUS, rOMPON, and SHOW varieties, &c. NEW DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, now ready, containing a beautiful Coloured Plate of new varieties, post-free. J. C H E A L & SONS, CRAWLEY. LILIUM AURATUM. Very Special Trade Offer. Owing to the many thousands consigned to me this sea-son I make this special sacrifice to make room for fresh arrivals. Extra line hard hea> y flowering bulbs, meiusuring S inches round, 1 dozen. 3s. Brf. ; .=.0, lis. ; 100, £1 ; lm>. ii^. Sl.Kb.AL QuiUTV.-Every bulb selected tin" very best, measuring 9} inches round. 0. 'is. M. ; 1.'. 0.<. ; oO «1; 100 JBI \^s. Better bulbs impossible. All carnage paid. Packed in cocoa-nut fibre. Every bulb warranted sound Diri^ct. Japanese Importer, . „ ,, , t j W H. HUDSON. West Green Road, Tottenham, London. Mention Garifwiers' CAronic/.. UEGONIAS.— Choice mixed single, all colours, grand Con- tin nW prize strain, fine tubers. 12. 3s. M. : 60 1 Is ; lOO 18s. | double and semi-double, nuied, 12, lis. ; JiO. 1I..S. Worth do"ble. All carriage paid.-?W. H. HUDSON, Tottenligin. ASPARAGUS, strong plants now ready, and Special Prices on COLOSSAL. application. Nurseries, UlltulLn. (/.i»ii(..0. DIGKSONS, ArsiL 6, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 421 Q UICK, stout, and abundantljr rooted, trans- planted, 21s. per 1000; ditto, strong. 27s. 62 10 0 H. U. MILDMAY. Esq., Berkeley Square .■12 10 0 HERHERT .1. ADAMS. Esq., Vice-President ... 26 5 0 HARRY .T, VEITCH, Esq., Treasurer 26 5 0 C. CZARNIKOW, Esq., Effingham Hall, Dorking... 21 0 0 A. A. SILLEM, Esq., Sydenham 10 10 0 J. F. TIARCK, Esq., Chislchurst 10 10 0 ■TOHN LEE. Esq., Kensington (Trustee) 10 10 0 THAMES BANK IRON CO., Upper Ground Street 10 10 0 ,1. H. VEITCH. Esq.. Chelsea 10 10 0 ARTHUR J. VEITCH, Emi., Chelsea 111 Jo n THOMAS MANNING, Esq., Chelsea ... 10 10 0 Mrs. H. .T. VEITCH. Redcliff Gardens, S.W. " 10 10 0 B.S. WILLIAMS. Esq.. Upper Holloway.N. '... 10 10 0 Mr. C. W. BUCK. Covent Garden 5 6 0 Mr. E. R. CUTLER, Secretary 10 10 0 Messrs. .lOHN LAINO AND SON, Forest Hill . 5 5 0 Messrs. WEBBER AND CO., Covent Garden ... .ISO Mr. A. PLU.M.MEB. Seedsman. Staines 4 4 0 Mr. K. H. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Hcversham... 7 7 0 Mr. .lOHN CROOK. Gardener, Farnborough ... 8 5 0 Mr.EDWARDMITCHELL.Or..l)oItonLodge.Leeds 10 10 0 Mr. W. R. HODGES, Gardener, Cojjley Dene. H'BhEate jq 10 0 Mr. E. GILBERT. The Gardens, Old Charlton, Kent 1 15 0 Mrs. VINCENT NICHOLL, Red Hill... 2 a 0 W. J. BROWN, Esq ' 1 J 0 Mi.ss CATTLEY. Clnyden, Edenbridge, Kent ' "220 ROBERT HOGG. Esq.. LL.D., Vice-President ... 10 10 0 RICHARD CHRLMES. Esq., Rotherham ... . 21 0 0 Messrs. NUTTING AND SONS, Southwarlt Street... 10 10 0 Mr. WM.COLLINS,C.r..ChiosHouse.ClapbamPark 10 10 0 Mr. VVM. WILDSMITH. Heckfield Gardens ... 110 Messrs. WATKINS AND SIMPSON. Eieter Street .. 5 5 0 Mr. H. E. TILLMAN, Covent Garden 3 3 0 Mr. S. E. KAY. Finchley 2 2 0 Messrs. DICKSON. The Nurseries. Chester ... ' 10 10 0 Mr. GEORGE MONRO. Covent Garden 10 10 0 Messrs.BARRANDSON, King Street, Covent Garden 2 2 0 Mr. W. S. JOHNSON, St. Martin's Lane 6 5 0 Mr. J. C. STEVENS. King Street, Covent Garden ... 5 6 0 Messrs. CUTBUSH and SON, Nurseries, Highgate... 5 6 0 Mr. J. ROBERTS. The Gardens, Gunnersbury 10 10 0 Mr. B. WADDS, Birdsall Garde«s, York ... 110 Mr. G. WYTHES, Syon Gardens, Brentford 110 Mr. W. DENNINf}. Nurseries. Hampton 110 Mr. J. WALKER, Whitton, Hounslow . 2 2 0 Mr. PETER BLAIR. The Garden.s. Trentham ... 110 Messrs. H. akd A. TURNER, Royal Nurseries, Slough 10 10 Mr. W. C. LEECH, Albury Gardens, Guildford ... 110 Miss OSBORN. Streatham 3 3 0 Mr. W. BROWN. Merivale Gardens, Atherstone ... 2 2 Mr. THOS. S. WARE. Tottenham 2 2 0 Mr. PEARMAN. Salmon's Garden, Chislehurst ... 10 10 0 Messrs. JACOB WRENCH AND SONS. London Bridge 6 5 0 Messrs. HOWCROFT AND WATKINS, Hart Street, Covent Garden 5 5 0 Messrs.THOMSONAN-DSONS.Nurseries, Wimbledon 2 2 0 Mr. H. J. CLAYTON, Grimaton Gardens, Tadcaater 1 1 0 Lord CALTHORPE 10 10 0 Measrs. SAYNOR, COOKE and RIDAL, Sheffield... I 1 0 Sir JULIAN GOLDSjnD. Bart.. M.P 10 10 0 Mr. W. CHAPMAN, Hawk's Y'ard Gardens, Rugeley 3 10 0 Mr. C. SHEPPABD, Great Glenham Gardens, Sax- mundham ... 0 10 6 Mr. G. H. RICHARDS. Somerley Gardens. Ringwood 0 10 6 Mr. KEND.ALL. Templeton Gardens. Roehampton 10 10 0 Mr. WILES. Unsted Gardens. Godalming 10 10 0 Messrs. JOHN PERKINS AND SON. Northampton 5 6 0 CUTHBERT E. PEEK, Esq., Rou.sden 10 10 0 WILFRED PEEK, Esq., Rou«den 10 10 0 Mr. A. J. LONG, Westwood Gardens, Droitwich... 10 10 0 The Rev. W. WILKS. Shirley Vicarage, Croydon 1 1 0 Mr. LOUIS VAN HOUTTE. Ghent 2 2 0 Messrs. F. HORSMAN AND CO., Colchester (annual) 1 1 0 Sir TREVOR LAWRENCE. Bart.. M.P.. Vice-Pres. 21 0 0 Received since last week:— Mr. GEORGE BUTT, Kensington 2 2 0 Mr. GEORGE TIFFEN. Cannon Street 2 2 0 Mr. WILLIAM GREEN, The Grange Gardens, Bishops St^rtford 110 Mr. JNO. BIRD. Nurseries, Downham 2 2 0 Mr. HUGH ACTON, Messrs. Hur8t& Son, Houndsditch 5 5 0 The YOUNG MEN, Syon Gardens, Brentford ... 0 12 6 The Hon. EVELYTI ELLIS, Datchet 10 10 0 The UNDER GARDENERS, Mote Park, Maidstone 2 13 3 Mr. G. WILLIS, The Gardene , Hollowmead, Bishops- teignton 5 0 0 Jlessrs. WIMSETT AND SON, Nurseries, Chelsea ... 2 2 0 Mr. W. RAYSON. Royal Exotic N irsery, Chelsea ... 0 6 0 J. S. MORGAN. Esq.. Dover Road. Roehampton 105 0 0 Jfr. H. DOWNING, Norbury Park Gardens 110 422 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 6, 1889. To the Trade. MANGEL WUBZEL anj TUENIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to give • Bp.'cial quotation tor their fine selected stocks of home- (jrown MANGEL WURZEL and TUKNIP SEEDS of 1888 growth, and raised from picked bulbs. The growth is stronR. and the prices will be found very reasonable. Samples may be had on application Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. REES and SHRUBS suitable for Towns and Smoky Districts. CATALOGUE fre» on application.— BICHAKD SMITH HtD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. 9n (\(\(\ CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, i-fl/^VV/V PINKS. — AU true from layers; grand double well-marked flowers (not seedlinfo), spleadidly rooted, named, for eihibitiOQ or borders. All the good varieties of the moat noted raisers. 13 fine sorts, CARNATIONS, 65. ; 12 PICOTEES. 6s. ; 12 PINKS, 3s. 6d. ; 6 of each, 8s. Zd. Fine Border Carnations, 4 dozen. See new CATALOGUE of these and all wanted for a garden, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham, 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. To the Trade. Choice Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make • special low offers of their exceptionally fine Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1888 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and further particulars may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbeach. RALIA SIEBOLDI SEED.— Fresh berries, at very cheap prices by the pound. H. DAMMANN, Jud.. Brealau. BEGONIAS. — Very choice, single, 4s. doz., 28s. per 100; extra fine, 5s. doz., 36s. per 100; fine mixed, 3s. doz., 21s. per 100. CATALOGUES Free. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil. REES and SHRUBS for Game Covers and Underwood. Intending planters should send for CATA- LOGUE, free on application.— RICILARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ORNER'S SWEDE.— For Sale, about 300 bushels. The finest S-wedc in cultivation. Selected and ^rown by Advertiser for many years. Noted pri/e-winner rt henever exhibited. Address SWEDE, G, Victoria Street, Bristol. A few Large Eealtby Palms. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, LATANIA BOREONtCA, CHAIIjEBOPS EXCELSA and PHCENIX RECLINATA. 3 to 6 feet high, from 10s. per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill. London, N. SPARAGUS,— This delicious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. For direction see Illustrated Seed List, free. Strong Roots, 2s, 6d, per 100.— EICHAKD SMITH and CO., Worcester. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINOHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s.. post-free bs. 6d. A. F. BAKRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. V Cbeap Bedding Plants.— Special Offer. WILLIAM BAUMAN offers as under, from store pots, all well rooted, and fit for present potting. The present is a good time for Diaking up losses sustained during the winter :- VERBENAS, Purple, Wliite, Scarlet. Crimson. Rose, 6s. per 100 ; 12 choice named varietiej?. 8s. per 100. LOBELIA. Bluestone, pumila magnifica, Brighton Blue, 3s. per 100. CALCEOLARIA. Golden Gem, 6s. per 100; Camden Hero, fine dark, 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE. Jaun d'Amour. Miss Niglitingale, 6s. per 100. AGERATUM, Imperial Dwarf, blue, hs. per 100. C0LEU3 VERSCHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 8.s-. per 100. IRESINE LINDENII. dark crimson, good bedder, Sv. per 100. PELARGONIUM, Vesuvius, finest bedding -carlet. Ss. per 100; Master Christine, Mr:^, Levers, Jeuny Dodds, beat pinks, 1 '2s. per 100; Henri Jacoby, best crimson, l^s. per 100 ; Madame Vaucher. Niphetos, white, 12s. per 100; Queen of the Belgians, finest white, 3s. per doz. , 2Qs. per 100 ; Waltham Seedling, Lucia^, Jean Sialey, White Vesuvius, John Gibbons, 12s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED, May Quc-en (Turner's), Princess Alex-. andra. Flower of Spring, Little Trot, Prince Silverwings, Lady Plymouth. \2s. per 100. GOLD-LEAF. Crystal Palace Gem, HappyThought. 12s. perlOO. BRONZE. McMahon. Black Douglas, The Czar, best bedders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR, Mrs. Pollock. I5s. per 100; Sophia Dumaresque, Lady Culliim. Sir R. Napier 18s. per 100. DOUBLES, F.V.Raspail.finestscarlet; Madame Thibaut,piuk; Midame Balt^t, Le Cygne, white, 12s, p-r 100. TROPiEOLUM, Vesuvius, Coccinea elegans, 'Os. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in 12 good named varletieti, 8fi. p^r 100. PELARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, fro-D single pots, 3s. pur dozen, 20s. per 100. Note.— Not fewer than twenty-five of anj one eort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms c*J(h. Cemetery Nur';erit'>f. Gravesend S.E. OR SALE, 7 Specimen Balloon Trained CLEMATIS. Apply, SAMUEL HARTLEY, Headingley Nursery, near Leede. LAWSON'S FIELD ROOT SEEDS. PETER LAWSON & SON, Limited, WHOLESALE SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS, EDINBURGH, Will be glad to send, upon application, Special Offers of their Selected Stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW, HYBRID, & WHITE-FLESH TURNIP SEEDS. Also their Superior Stocks of MANGEL WURZEL SEEDS, All of which usuaUy give much satisfaction to their Constituents. THURSDAY, APRIL 18. PHAIUS TUBERGULOSUS PHAIUS HUMBLOTII Also the new and splendid PHAIUS HENRYI. Three of our grandest discoveries. ME. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY, April 18, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, THE- ABOVE EXTRAORDINARY ORCHIDS. Collector has just arrived with this splendid Consignment, and the plants are in the finest possible order. 0« vievj morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. LARGE SHRUBS and CONIFERS. — Berberi3 aquifolia, IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 100 ; Box tree. 1 J to 2 feet, 12j. per 100; Cotoneaster Simousii, 3 to 3^ feet, 10s. per 100 ; Deutzia crenata, flore-pleno, strong. 4j. per dozen ; Grislinia littoralis, Ij to :! feet, 35s. per 100 ; Irish Iry, 4 feet, 6s. per 100; Laurel, common. Ij foot. 6s. per 100 ; 2 feet. 10s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 2 to 2^ feet, 165. per 100; 3 to 3J feet, bu?hy. 20s. per 100. Portugal Laurel, 1^ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticura, 1 to IJ foot, 22s. per 100; li to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet, 3os. per 100; 3 feet, 50s. per 100; 4 to 4j feet, bushy. 80s. per 100. Abies Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100; 4 to 5 feet, 50s. per 100 ; do., 6 feet, 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3J feet, 48s. per down ; 3 to 4 feet. 60s per dozen. Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2* feet, 20s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta. 2 to 'Z\ feet. 405. per 100; 5 to 6 feet, extra fine, 18s. per dozen. C. erecta viridis, 1^ to 2 feet, 255. per lUO ; do., 2 to 2^ feet, 355. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, ij to 2 feet, 30s. per 100; do., 2 to 2J feet, extra, 40s. per 100. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inches, 255. per 100; IJto 2 feet, 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra, 40s. per lOO. R. squarrosa. 1^ foot, bushy, 305. per 100 ; Thuia Lobbii. IJ to 2 feet, 12s. per 100; 2 to 3 feet, 24s. per 100; 4 feet, 50s. per 100 ; 6 feet, 18s. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2^ to 3 feet, 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata. 1 foot, 30s. per 100; Ij to 2 feet, 12s. per dozen ; 2J to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nuraoryman. Stranraer. FORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the larpeat, beat, most reliable and complete ever issued on Florists' FloM'ers. It consists of 112 pages of closely-printed matter, with Prices and full deicnptiitusoi all the newest and best Piinsies, Violas, Phloxes, Pentatemoos. Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks, Delphiniums, Pyretlirum, Potentillas, Auriculas, Ualiliaa, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Pf tunias, Begonias, Perennials. Stove und Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c., all of which are made a leading speciality and can consequently be had better tlmu anywhere else. The CATALOGUK itself is a most useful and convenient reftTence book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be iu the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Buccleuch Nureeries. Hawick, Scotland. N ACRE of PYRETHRUMS, POTEN- TILLAS. P^ONIAS, PHLOXES, PENTSTEMONS, PANSIES. VIOLAS, propagated from cuttiupi or divihioos from the finest-named sorts catbererl from all raliere, not inferior seedlings. See CATALOGUE of thfpe and all you -want for a garden. Out or ioside, free for Z stamps. Undernamed, all in 12 sorte.-— 13 Pyrethriims, 4s. ; 13 PotentiUae, 6s. ; 13 Phloxes. 3«. %d, ; 13 Pentstemons, 3s. 6rf. ; 33 Pansies. either Show or Fancy. 3s.; 12 VioI;is. 2s.%rl.; 12 Pftoniea. 9.-;. ; 12 Hollyhocks, fieed- linga, from five named sorts, 4s. ; Delphiniumf, seedlings, from fine nam^d hortji, li. Wm. CLIBRAN AJJD SON. Oldfield Nureery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12 Market Street, Manchfeter. EUONYMUS (Green).— 50,000, all nice bushy well-grown Specimens, 9 to 36 inches, £1 to JEIO per 100. J. J. CLARK, Goldstone Farm, Brighton. EED POTATOS. — Myatt's and Rivers' Kidneys, fine quality, 70s. per ton, or 4s. per cwt. GARLIES MITCHELL, Stranraer. S^ SPECIAL OFFER OF GERANIUMS, &c. 500 Madame Crousse Ivies, autumn scruck, out of stores 85. per 100. 2000 ditto, good stuff, 6s. per 100. 200 Joau of Arc Ivies, white, out of stores, 10s. per 100. 1.50 ditto, out of thumbs, 12s. per 100. 300 Raspail, out of thumbs, 10s. per 100. 3000 ditto, out of stores, Ss. per 100. 300 Queen of Belgians, true, out of thumbs, 14s. per 100. 1000 ditto, out of stores, 12s. per luu. ^'esuvius. 8s, per 100. Jacoby and Queen of Whites, 10s. per 100. 500 Dahlia, Cactus, Constance, ground roots, 3s. p«jr dozen, £1 per 100. 500 Dahlias, ditto, pot roots, 3s. 6ti. per dozen, 16s. per 100. 1000 Humboldtii Bouvardia, out of stores, extra strong, 8s. per 100. 2000 Wliite Pinks, Qs. per 100. or 60s. per 1000. Free on rail, including package, for cash with order. C. JOHNSON & CO., TANQLEY PA/.K NURSERY. HAMPTON, MIDDLESEX. HOLLIES, RHODODENDRONS, LAUREL, AND OTHER EVERGREENS. Now is the best time for Transplanting. HOLLIES, for Fencing, 1, 2, to 3 feet. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, for Parks. PlABtatioos. aod Covert?, of aU sues. LAUREL — rotondifoHa, oaacasjouia, &o. LOWEST QrOTATlONfi O.V APPLICATION TO JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. April 6, 1889.] THE GAUDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 423 BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. PLANT HOUSES, PEACH HOUSES, VINERIES, ORCHID HOUSES, ETC. MIXED QUEEN PINE- APPLES.— FOR SALE, 20 of the above, large, clean, and healthy, in consequence of a change in the garden ; £5 the lot. Addreas, V. LIOT. Head Gardener, Charles Bathurst, Es(i., Lydney Park, Gloucestershire. ENCLOSE Post-Office Order for 2s., and by return you v.\\i get 1 packet of MELOX, 1 packet of MAKROW, and 1 packet of TOMATO SEED. Warranted besteitant.— K. GILBERT, High Park. Stamford. TANDARD and HALF - STANDARD Autumn-budded TEA ROSES (Brides and Nipheto?). just started, from Dormant Buds. 12s. per dozen, iWs. per 100. Larger Trees, nice Heads, in Bloom-buds, 18s. per dozen. MANAGER, Sandygate Rose Nurseries. Sheffield. BUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS f^ O SOWING in APRIL.— A splendid Collection of Sutton's Asters, including a packet, mixed colours, of 10 beautiful varieties, post-free, for 10s. 6rf. A similarlv excellent assort- ment of Sutton's Ten-week Stocks, 6 packets, mixed colours, is offered for 4s. 6rf.. post-free. For full particulars, see SUTTON'S AMATEUE'S GUIDE, Price Is. SUTTON A.\D SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. 90 C\OC\ FERNS, Major oristata, in 60's, lis. ^\J'l\jyj\) per 100; ditto, in thumbs, 12s. per 100, for Cash.— J. PAXTON. 31, Green Lanes, Stoke Newington, N. CHRYSANTHEMUMS, true to Name, Buyer's Selection, plants from 25. Brf. per doz.. 165. per 100; cut- tings, Is. lod. per dbz.. 105. per lO'O. W. E.'s Selection, planta. lis. per 100.25. per doz., post-free. Catalogue 2 stamv*. of WM. ETHERINGTON', Chrysanehemum Grower, Swancombe, Kent. TMMENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS.— Best value J- in the Trade; must be cleared to make room 'or fn^sh mportations. Great opporiunity ; splendid order for potting. Rarest and loveliest of LILIES, Auratum Rubro-vittatum, true, lovely white, intense band of carmine, no markings or epots or yellow : truly dazzling. AURATUM VIRGINALE. pure ivory white, no markings or spats; chaste and beautiful. These two Lilies will take the lead in any group and secure prizes. Ucually sold at 21s. each — will take 5.-;. each, to clear, po>t-free. JAPANESE MAPLES. Stiver Eanksian Medal. TREE P.a:omE3. 7 First-class Certificates. IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to W. GOPJ)ON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Tn-jckenham. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied, 5 feet, 6 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurservman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. BENTLEY'S INSECTICIDE 6 now used and higUy recommended by nearly all the leading Gardeners. Bottles, 2a., Z$. (d. -. Half-GaU.. hs. ; One Gail.. 9i. From the Trade, or sent direct by JQ^PH BENTLEY, CHEMICAL VrORKS, BARROW-ON-HITMBER, HULL. A Good Thing to Use. We have pleasure in drawing the attention of Plant Growers to LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— A first-class article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Elasily used and low in price. Numerous Testimonials. Prices :— Pint, Is. 6rf. ; quart, 2s, 9rf. : J gallon, 5s. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4 gallons, 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10—12, Market Street, Manchester. >^ REGISTERED USE V TRADE HARK. ^^UITS, feVECETABLETS: " Write for Analysis arid Testimonials to the Manufactwers — ADAMS, WEBSTER & ADAMS, CLAPTON, LONDON, E. Sold by every Seed.sman and Nurseryman throuRhout the Kingdom, in 3d,, 6d., Is.. and \i. 6d. Canisters. 28 lb. Tins, Ss. ; 66 lb. Bags, 7s. 6d. ; 1 Cwt.. 14b. SILVER SAND. — Best coarse and fine PEAT, best, for Orchids and Plants. LOAM, best, for Fruit Trees and Plants. For Sale in any quantity. W. SHORT, Horticultural Co., Midhurst, Sussex. RCHID PEAT, best quality ; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO.. Farnborouffh, Hams. FREDERICK L. MAY & CO., (Publishers of May's Pbess Guide,) ADVERTISING AGENTS. 163, PICCADILLY, LOSfDOiT, W.. RECEIVE ADVERTISEMiaJTS for all London, Provincial. Continental, Colonial, and American Kewtpapers and other Publications, for one or any number of ineertions, and are pre- pared to open accounts mth Solicitors, Auctioneers, and others on approval of references. Specif ailvantagei to Large Advertieers. iStabUfilied 1660. Only Address — 162, Piccadilly, London, W. A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition. NOW READY. VINES AND VINE CULTURE: THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES EVER PUBLISHED, BY ARCHIBALD F. BAKBON, Superintendent or the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Secretary of ihe Fruit Committee, &o. CONTENTS. Chapter. I. Historical Sketch. II. Propagation of the Vine. III. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. IV. Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &c. V. Structures for Grape Growing. VI. Heating of Vineries. Vn. Planting Vines: when and how to do it. VIII. The General Mana§;ement of Vineries. IS. Pruning and Training the Vine. X. Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots. XI. Setting the Fruit. XII. Thinning the Fruit. Xm. Keeping the Fruit. XIV. Packing Grapes. XV. Pot Culture of Vines. XVI. Fruiting Vines in Pots. XVn. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. XVIII. Ground Vineries. XIX. The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick. XX. Vines on Open Walls. XXI. Commercial Grape Culture. XXII. Diseases and other Injuries. XXm. Noxious Insects. XXIV. Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. XXV. The Classification of Grape Vines. XXVI. The Varieties of European Grapes. XXVn. The Varieties of American Grapes. Plates I.— XXX. : Illuatrations of the best kinds of Grapes. "JOURNAL OF HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171. FLEET STREET. LONDON, E.G. To be had also of J. F. BARRON, Roijal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, I^tdon. W. Demy 8vo, HandBomely Bound In Clotli. Price 58. ; Post-free, 6b. 6d. DVERTISEMENTS Inserted in the DAILY NEWS rucI in all LONDON, PKOVmCIAL. and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. Exceptional Terms for a Series. CONTRACTORS for thft SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS On PAGES a, 3, and 6 of the GLOBE. The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING STANDARD. And tbe SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the PEOPLE. Sole Ae*mts for all Advertisements in the OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE. WILLING'S, 136, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Telegraph Addreia—" WILLING'S, London." Telephone No. 2773. 424 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 6, 1889. WEBBS'SEEDS EXCELLENCE COMBINED WITH ECONOMY. WEBBS' CHOICE DOUBLE PINK. Our strain has been saved from the finest show varieties, and la unsurpassed for the large size and beauty of its flowers. IB. and 2s. ed. per Packet, post-free. WEBBS' BOXES OF FLORAL GEMS. Containing Seeds of Beautiful Flowers, easy of Cultivation, for the Gardens of ladies and amateurs, 2s. 6d., 6s., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d.. 16s., and 21s. each. I "aTT i'egetable and Flower Heeds delivered free. I I Illustrated CataloffTte, Is.; Abridged Edition, gratis. \ WEBB&SONS,WORDSLEY.STOURBRIDCE ORCHIDS! Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &c., to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE, Special care given In pacUng. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. VEITCH'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. The Finest in Cultivation. AMARYLLIS, VEITCH'S HYBRID. Saved from the mignificent collection grown at our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 2S. 6d. CAIiCEOLAS.IA, International Prize. Unsurpaseed for size, shape, and substance of flowers. Per packet, 2s. 6d. CARNATION, FINEST DOUBLE. Saved from our unequalled collection of all the finest varieties ; likely to produce many new beautiful sorts. Per packet, 2s. 6d. CINERARIA, VEITCH*S SUPERB. Flowers of large size, circular form, great substance, and most brilliant colours. Per packet, 2s. 6d. GLOXINIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Saved from the magnificent collection grown at our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 2S. 6d. PRIMULAS, VEITCH'S. Red, White, and Mixed, These are the iiucst in cultivation, .and wore awarded a Firat-class Certificate by thy Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. Each, per packet, 2s. 6d. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, EOYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA, S.W. DANIELS' LIST OF CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS Our collection of these includes all the newest and most beautiful varieties in culti- vation, and Customers ordering from the following list may rely on only the finest sorts being sent. The plants are strong and healthy, and in nearly all instances from single pots:— Post or Carriage Free at Prices quoted. Per dozen.— s. d. ABUTILONS, in beautiful variety, to name, 6 for 'ij^ 4 6 ANTHEMIS PALLIDA, the beautiful hardy Margue- rite. 3 for \s. 3d 4 6 BOUVARDIAS, in charming variety. 6 for 2s. 6d. ... 4 0 CAMPANULA isophylla alba, beautiful variety for pots. 3 for Is. 3d. 4 6 COLEUS, the newest and most beautiful, 6 for 2s. 3 6 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, a very large collection, in- cluding all the best of the Japanese, In- curved, Reflexed, and Pompon varieties, 2s. 6rf., 3s. Gd. and 6 0 CYCLAMEN persicum giganteum, strong seedlings, autumn-so^^Ti, 6 for 2s. 6d 4 6 DAHLIAS, a magnificent collection : — ,, Show and Fancy, 6 for 2s. Gd 4 6 „ Pompon, 6 for 2s. 6d 4 6 ,. Cactus-flowered, in splendid variety, including the newest, 6 for 2s. 6(i 4 6 ,, ,, Mikado, new, beautiful, terra cottarfawn, very distinct, each. Is. Qd. ,. Single-flowered. 6 for 2s 3 6 FUCHSIAS, seven superb new varieties, a charming set, 10s. 6d. ,. beautiful sorts, our selection, 6 for 3s. 6rf. ... 4 6 HELIOTROPE, White Lady, splendid for pots, de- liciouslyscented, each id 3 6 MARGUERITES, or Parisian Daisies, in variety, 6 for 2s. Qd. 4 6 „ Cloth of Gold (New), very fine, each 9rf., 3 for 2s. MUSK, Harrison's Giant, each 4d 2 6 PELARGONIUM, single-flowered. Zonal, a set of 9 superb 'new varieties of 1888, 10s. Gd. ,, „ very choice sorts, our selection, 6 for 2s. Bf:^. 4 6 ,, Double-flowered Zonal, 3 superb new sorts for 1889, 8s. ,, „ in splendid variety, 6 for 2s. 6rf 4 G ., Double-flowered, Ivy-leaved, magnificent for pot culture, a set of f> superb new sorts, very fine, IDs. Qd, ,, ,, ,. most beautiful sorts, 6 for 2s, Gd. ... 4 6 PENTSTEMONS. in beautiful variety. 6 for 2s. ... 3 6 PHLOXES, Herbaceous, very fine sorts, 6 for 2s. ... 3 6 PETUNIAS, New Double Fringed, superb named sorts. 6 for 3s. 6rf 6 0 ,, Double White (alba maxima), each9rf., 3for 2s. „ ,, Crimson King, each Gd., 3 for Is. 3d. STREPTOSOLEN JAMESONI, beautiful plant for pots in the greenhouse, each, 9d., 3 for 2s. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. TO THE TRADE. PERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. Also collections of same in 13, 18. and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. SHIRLEY POPPY. NEW and very lovely; invaluable for Table Decoration. No garden should be without this charming flower. Sow at once. Is. per packet. THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, CROYDON. UTBUSH'S MIlT- TBACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to retjuire descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for packnge). or 6d. per cake ; free by parcel jx)st, 1«. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enrlosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON. Niirneryroen and Seed Mercbanta. Highgate Nurseries. N. ui^y BEAUTIFUL Velvet Lawns 8 TO 12 WEEKS. Vide Carters' Pamphlet upon the Management of Lawns and Lau-n Tennis Grounds, post-free. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN GRASS. PRICES— Cabhiagf, Free. Per lb. Per bushel. Per pbt. For newly-formed Lawnsl/3 25/ For Tennis Grounds . . 1/- 20/- } , iRt'oia For repairing old La\vns 1/3 25/- I ' "*' " Seed.smen by Koyal Sealed Warrants, 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. SPRING, 18 8 9. CHARLES TUBNER'S GENERAL and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c., I9 now ready, and \vill be sent free on application. THE EOYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. ECONOMY IN THE GARDEN. SEEDS. SEEDS. SEEDS. A SAVING of 1.5 to 20 per Cent, may be effected by Purchasing your Season's Supply at " Stores' BARNES' GREAT EASTERN COLLECTIONS OF VEGETABLE SEEDS, f-- 63/- 42/- 30/- 21/- 10/6- 7/6- 5/- 2/6- 1/2-. Package and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. The "Guinea" Collection Contains— 13 pints Peas 4 ,, Beans. Broad IJ „ Beans, French 1 ., Beans, Runner 1 packet Beet 1 , , Borecole 1 ., Brussels Sprouts 3 ,, Broccoli 3 ,, Cabbage 1 ,, Savoy 3 Ounces Carrot 3 packets Cauliflower 2 ,, Celery 1 ,, Couve Tronchuda 4 ounces Cress, Plain J packet Cress, Australian 2 packets Cucumber I ,, Endive 1 „ Gourd 1 ., Leek 3 ,, Lettuce 4 ounces Mustard 1 packet Melon 3 ounces Onion 1 packet Parsley 2 ounces Parsnip 4 ,. Radish 3 ,. Spinach 3 ,. Turnip 1 packet Vegetable Marrow 4 .. Herbs 1 ,, Tomato 1 ,, Capsicum Any sorts not required can be omitted, and others to value may be selected. PRICED CATALOGUES GRATIS. J. E. BARNES (Iti years* Managing- Assistant at Messrs. Danikus), WHOLESALE and RETAIL SEEDSMAN, THE GREAT EASTERN SEED STORES, 9, EXCHANGE STREET, NORWICH. Apeil 6, 188D.] THE GA1?DENEBS' CHBONICLE. 425 B.S.WILLIAMS Superb and t'hoice Strains nf ASTERS, Mixed, 6d. to Is. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 43. BEGONIAS, Per Packet, Is, 63. and 2s. 6d. CALCEOLARIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 23. 6d. CINERARIAS, Per Packet, Is, 6d. and 23. 6d. CYCLAMEN, Per Packet, is. 6d. and 2s, 6d. CLOXINIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. PRIMULAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. STOCKS, Mixed. 6d. to Is. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. ZINNIAS, Mixed, 6d. to Is. 6d. In Collections, Is. 6d. and 23. Illustrated SEED CATALOG UE for 18Sd, Grntis and Post-free on application, B- S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market in the World for FORCED FRUITS, and VEGETABLES, FLOWERS (CHOICE) and NOVELTIES of all kinds, from all climes. The Best Medium from whom to obtain Hatisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS, SALKSi — Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS — Weekly, or when desired. GROWING CROPS.— Advances made on. MARKET REPORTS. — Weekly, on application. EMPTIES. — Arrange early for supply. COMMUNICATIONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegrapb Address, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. Jteferendff; A»lr Anyone. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER. DERBYSHIRE, Begx to inform the re-nlers of this Paper that lie i.-i p'-c- pared tu ej:tciiie Ororts ? Quite true, but the sports do but support our case. The majority of the sp;irts of Ihe C.imellia are simply due to a little more or a little less colour, a stripe in this petal, a blotch in that. Barring colour the amount of change is relatively Blight. Looking through Messrs. Paul's collection with this object in view this fact was apparent. If we are to look, as we may reasonably do, for new varieties from sports, we must take care to secure more material from which the sports can originate, that is to say, we must first effect a cross, and then leave Nature to disentangle our mixtures in the shape of sports. The Cause of Variation. Next as to the varieties that we have. What do they mean ? How are they produced ? The abund- ant supply of blooms furnished us by Messrs. W. Paul & Son enable us to answer that question. Excluding the single flowered varieties for the moment, though they have special merits of their own, the varieties fall into one or other of two classes, the imbricate and the Anemone-flowered set, with various semi-double and intermediate or mixed forms not numerous enough to invalidate our general statement. It goes without saying that the exjdanation of these forms turns upon the construction of the flower, and therefore some slight amount of botanical detail must be entered into, but not of so abstruse a character as to deter anyone reasonably fond of flowers from considering it. while for the floral critics or the judge at a flower-show, such knowledge is absolutely essential, unless his decision is to be purely empirical. The CoNFonjiATioN or the Flower. In most flowers the distinction between the bracts, the sepals which constitute the calyx, the petals which form the corolla, .and the stamens, is obvious and well defined. Bu; in a Camellia, even in a single one, the lines of demarcation do not exist ; and so, looking at a Camellia one continuous spiral series may be traced ascending from the lowermost or outermost brown scale or bract at the base of the flower to the most gorgeous petal, and it is not possible to say precisely where the bracts end or the petals begin. Similarly in the double and semi- double varieties, it is impossible to say here ends the corolla, here begin the stamens. In most Camel- lias the numerous stamens appear to be in one rintr but if they be examined in a very early stage all this multitude of stamens will be seen to proceed from five or six original tubercles, which sulisequently branch into numerous subdivisions, each bearin" an anther. Hence the stamens, instead of being in one continuous ring, are really in five or in six bundles. Tliese bundles are often visible in the fully developed flower, as the flowers, when they fall to jiieces, sepa- rate into their constituent petals and bundles of stamens. C. Donckelaarii (fig. Ti), japonica var. con- spicua and C. reticulata illustrate this. In e.ach group of stauieus most of the filaments are normal, but one is represented by a petal, so that when the flower falls to pieces the bundles of stamens, each with a petal attached, separate one from the other : we use the word attached, but re.ally the petal here forms part of the bundle. In some varieties, as often in Lady Hume's Blush, the flowers are star-shaped, the petals being arranged in five or six imbricating series, radiating from the centre. This arrangement is due to the fact that the constituent stamens of each bundle are in this case all petaloid. Classh'ication of Vaeieties. Double and semi-double Camellias may, therefore, be divided into the imbricate series and the anemone- flowered series. In the imbricate group of Camellias — the petals are increased in number to the approxi- mate or complete exclusion of the stamens and pistils ; figures 7G and 78 illustrate this series. Petal follows petal in imbricating symmetry, pro- ducing that regularity of form and disposition so dear to the heart of the florist. Where this sym- metry is a normal characteristic of a flower, as it is in the Camellia, the florist's canon is justified. Where it is imposed upon a flower whose hereditary April B, ISSb.^ THE GABDENEIiS' CHRONICLE. 427 and normal cliaracteristics are dillerent, then tha florist's canon becomos arbitrary and offensive to good taste. But tliis by the wav. In the Anomone-tlow-ered group, of wliich the Waratah is a conspiouou? illustration, tir* true petals are hardly if at all increased in number, but the stamens in the centre of the flower are more or less replaced by petals, producing? a more or less confused centre. Such flowers may be compared to those of the Hollyhock, in which the true petals form the guard-petals of the florist, while the central ones are made up of stamens partially assuming the characters of petals. We have spoken of" confused centres," but, strictly speaking, there is no confusion in the flower; the confusion lies with tlie si>ectator. who is not in a position to unravel its meaning. The botanist who makes himself familiar with the origin and mode of growth of the stamens of this plant will soon recog- nise the symmetry and method even in the veriest tangle, of the half-petaloid stamens. The further explanation of this, however, would demand greater space than we can give it, and a deeper plunge into technicalities than would be agreeable except to professed botanists. Suflice it to say, that it depends upon the degree of bi-anching of the stamens, upon their relative position and time of development, and upon the extent to which they have assumed the appearance of petals. The specimens sent us by Mr. W, Taul may be grouped as follows: — I. Flowers imbricate. Of these the flowers vary from pure white to pale rose, pink, or v.arious shades of red, whilst the striped varieties have a red ground and a white stripe, or a white ground striped with red. Further subdivisions maybe eft'ected by noting the shape of the innermost or central petals, which in some cases are rounded, hooded, or notched, whilst in others they are sharply pointed. In ![., the Anemone-flowered sections, the varie- ties are less numerous, and may be arranged accord- ing to colour. We may thus group the specimens before us, but the reader must be careful to remember that our groupings are one thing, Nature's variation quite another, so that our groups are to be con- sidered as true only for the particular flowers before OS at the time of writing, and at the best only indicali''n5 of general tendencies. Of course only a small number of varieties are here noted as illustrations of types, but it is believed that all the known varieties might be grouped under these headings. Separ.ite subdivisions, to include the singles and the semi- doubles, like consp'cna, &c., here classed with the Anemone-flowered series, would be desirable, but we had not sufficient material in hand to accomplish this. Section I. — IjinniCATE 'VAntETir.s. A. Flowers white. a. Inner petals entire. J!ba p/oia. — Flower medium-sized, flat; petals spreading, regnlarly imbricate. Leaves broadly elliptic, acuminate. Still the best of its class. Xi/inpli Egcria. — Flower medium, outer petals spreading regular ; inner erect, rounded, snow-white, rather thin in substance. Leaves oblong-ovate with a long acumen. Faiini/ SaiicAioi'!.— Flower of moderate size, .3 inches across, flattish. petals white faintly striped and flushed with rose ; outer spreading, inner erect. Leaves broadly ovate, shortly acuminata. h. Petals fringed. Fimbriaia. — Flower medium, flat; petals spread- ing, fimbriate at the edge, inner ones narrow. Leaves oblong, shortly acuminate. B. Flowers red, a. Inner petals rounded or hooded. Marchioness of Exeter.— Y\o^-QT large. 4 — 5 inches across, rose-coloured, flat, with a funnel-shaped centre, regularly imbricate, inner petals notched. Leaves roundish-ovate, pointed. Mathotiana. — Flower large, i\ inches across, rosv- crimson, full, regular, inner petals hooded; of loose straggling habit, adapted to wall or pillar culture. Leaves narrow, ^ery pointed. V. II. IIin'i'ii.—V\nv!ev modeiate, 2J inches across, fldttish, rich crimson, lull, petals regular; spi-eading. Leaves obovate, shortly poirrtcd. I-/1 /i'f/rrf'. — Flower '1\ inclns across, somewlrat globular ; |)etals regirliu-, rosy-crimson, thinner in substarrce than some others. Sea/eii. — Flower cup-shaped, 2\ inches across, crimson ; full, well formed. Leaves roundish, with short, bluntish point. Bealcii rosea is similar, birt has rose-coloured flowers. C .V. Ilooey. — Flower expanded, .'J inches across, crimson ; petals regular, leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Ii. Inner petals shai'ply pointed. i?«A"rz,— Flower expanded, nearly 3 inches across ; petals crimson, sometimes white-tipped, regular. Leaves elliptic, acuurinate. Madame Lclmis.— Flower .'i inches across, flattish, deep rose; petals spreading, regular. Leaves oval, shortly pointed. B.B. Flou-ers pale rose to pink, a. Inner petals rounded. Augtisliiia snperha.—Flov:er 3 inches across ; petals rose-coloured, regular. Leaves roundish ovate, shortly pointed. Princess IhspiffUnsi— Flower medium sized, cup- shaped, petals rose coloured, regular. Leaves broadly elliptic, shortly pointed. 4. Inner petals sharply pointed. Countess of Be rh;/.— Flower .". inches across, flat- topped, pale rose-pink ; petals regular, gradually diminishing in size. Leaves broadly oblong, shortly pointed. Cu;) of Beaiiti/.— Flower "!, inches across, ex- panded ; petals regular, grndrrally diminishing in size, white, flushed witli rose. ' Leaves obovate- oblong, acuminate. Countess of Ha inau/t.— Flower 4 inches across ; petals gradually diminishing in size, flesh coloured. Leaves sub-orbicular, with a very short point. L'Acenir. — Flower 3 inches across, flattish: petals spreading, gradually diminishing in size, regular in form, jiale rose, very beautiful. Leaves lanceolate acuminate. C. Flowers striped. * Stripe red on a white ground. «. Petals rounded. lioiiianiensis.— Flower medium-sized, flattish ; petal s regularly diminishing in size, shell-like, hooded, white, streaked with rose. Leaves roundish, acumi- nate. ^rfamo.— Flower medium-sized, flattish ; petals regularly diminishing, outer ones spreading, inner erect, pale rose, mottled and sti-eaked with crimson. Leaves oval, acuminate. Adclina Bcnvemdi. — Flower medium, flattish: outer petals spreading or i-ccurved, inner ei-ect white, streaked with crimson and flushed with rose. Leaves elliptic, acuminate. Princess C/otilde.— Flower medium, flattish ; petals loose, flaked like a Carnation. Leaves small, lanceolate-acuminate. b. Inner petals pointed. Tricolor inibricata. — Flower medium-sized, cup- shaped, compact; petals regular, imbricate, flaked with crimson. Leaves oblong, lanceolate, acuminate. ** Stripe white on a red or rose ground. a. Inner petals rounded, or even hooded. L'Insuhria. — Flower medium-sized ; full, outer petals recurved, inner erect deep rose, tipped with white.- Leaves broadly oval, acuminate, Maria Kicolais. — Flower moderate, full, form good, cup-shaped ; petals regularly imbricate, erect, rosy-crimson, tipped with white. Leaves roundish- ovate, acuminate. Belle Jeajinette. — Flower medium-sized, full, cup- shaped ; petals hooded, deep rose, with white edges. Leaves broadly elliptic, acuminate. Bella d'Arligmone. — Flower medium-sized, flat; petals spreading, diminishing regularly, deep rose, with a central white stripe, inner petals hooded! Leaves lanceolate-acuminate. Leopold Beniieci. — Flower regular, mid-sized ; outer petals reUexed, gradually diminishing, rose coloured, with a central white stripe. Leaves broadly oval, acuminate. Mrs. Anne M. Hoi-ey. — Flower moderate in size, regular ; petals incurved at the edges, shell-like, deep rose with a central white stripe. Said to "vary from pure white to deep carmine." Leaves oval acuminate. Stonji.— Flower moderate, regular; orrter petals recurviii, inrrer diruiriishirrg very gi-adriallv, erect, hooded, deep r-ose, with a cerrtral white stripe. Leaves br'oadly obovate, oblong acuminale. Archduke C'nci!.— Flower medium-sized; petals re- flexed, gi-adirally diminishing, central ones hooded, di'ep i-ose with a broad white stripe. I>eaves br-oadly oval, acuminate. b. Inner petals pointed. Beautij of Ilornsr;/. - Flower of medium size, full ; outer petals recurved, deep rose, centrally striped wiMi white. Leaves broadly oval, shortly acuminate. Mada.nc dr. f) of the same work, jMiller records the discovery of the i\Iezereon growing in some woods near Andover, in Ilamp- ehire, and states that a great number of plants had been taken up for cultivation during late years. So much was thought of this shrub in Miller's time that a whole column is devoted to it ; and he dwells on the beauty and fragrance of the flower, which were produced at a season when there was nothing else in bloom. Kespeeting its claim to be regarded as indigenous in England, Watson expresses very strong doubts, though it is now found in a wild ttate in many counties, and several writers of local Floras treat it unquestionably as a native. Watson, of course, discussed the point from the position of one thoroughly versed in the distribution of plants, while some of the others, at least, would be more influenced by the conditions under which they found it growing in the woods of England. I have seen it here and there in the woods of Sussex, but never in sucli quantity as to impress me with the idea that it was truly native, but ralher the direct result of seeds conveyed by birds or descendants from Euch. After all, however, it is of small importance whether it is aboriginal in this country. My object is to direct attention to a neglected plant. Passing a few days ago along the riverside at Strand-on-the- Green, Chiswick, between Kew Bridge and the railway bridge, and very near tlie latter, I was much struck with the beauty of a fine specimen of Mezereon, the only occupant of the very small forecourt or garden of a cottage. It is certainly much the largest plant I ever saw, though, from Miller's dimensions, it is not so phenomenally large as I at first believed. It is of tree-like form, and fully 6 feet high, with two or three stems that appear to have tied up together when young. The plant looks as though it might be fifty years or more old. I daresay some readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle may know of the existence of other equally large specimens. W. B. H. The Flower Garden. What to Do with Carnations and Picotees ? — We have a large border of these, and the layers, owing to late layering and a sunless autumn, were not well rooted, and I dreaded to leave them attached to the parent plants, and a lucky thought this has proved, because, having been able to apply protection to them, scarcely a layer has died, whilst many others, in parts of the borders where it was impracticable to afford them protection, have been killed. The rooted layers are now being detsched, and after giving enough to furnish a new border, there are enough left to replace all those that jiave died. Our soil being a very light sandy loam I mix with it the stiflVst loam that can be procured, and this with a liberal dressing of decayed cow- dung and a sprinkle ot soot, completes the mixture ; and as it is not less than 2 feet deep, the plants grow well and flower finely. I may add, that, when planting either these plants or Pinks in TOixed flower borders, the same p.ains are taken that each clump of three or five plants shall, in respect of soil, have the same advantages as the plants put into beds, and to this preparation of the soil I owe in a large d'-gree my success. I should add that imme- diatelv alter planting and for some time — in fact till the plants are established; water is afforded them if the weather is dry, and as entire borders are readily mulched this should also be done. As a mulch, I prefer cocoa fibre to any other, as it is neat and clean, and keeps all slugs away so long as it remains rough— that is for a considerable time. Hollyhocks. — For several vears the growing of hollyocks ceased in this garden owing to the prevalent disease, but last year they were reinstated, and their cultivation was quite a success, not a trace of rust being visible, and many attained a height of 8 feet. They began to flower early in August, and continued in good bloom till October. Tlie plants were raised from seed sown in November of the year before, and had been grown on in hiat continuously throughout winter and spring, and jihiiited out al)out the middle of May in so'l that Iiiid hpen deeply trenched and heavily manured, and in adilitinn to this dressing they wei'e mulched in the month of July with decayed manure. I have been i)articular to describe my mode of culture, because it wouhl seem that it is to the generous treatment tiie plants got that their freedom from rust must be attributed. The plants were wintered wliere they stood, only five have died, and the remainder are now growing vigorously, iu spite of many cuttings having been taken Uom them. Those persons who have strong Hollyhock plants would do well to plant th«-ru out at once, and seed- lings should lie grown on in frames as rapidly us is consistent with obtaining density of growth. Gladiolus and Liliam auratum. — I usually make two plantings of these, with a view of securing a long succession of flowers. The first and main planting was done five weeks since, and the last will be done at the earliest opportunity. Eiittre beds of these flower roots are not fancied, but both kinds are planted in groups of lhre(- lo twelve in the mixed flower borders, according to the space which has to be furnished. To ensure protection from severe frost, the bulbs of the fir.'-t planting are w^ell sur- rounded with a mixture of sifted leaf soil, coca fibre, and chaicoal, and then covered to a depth of ii inches with soil, and those yet to be planted will also have some small quantity of the same about the bulb, but it is not necessary at this season to wholly cover them with it. and 4 inches is quite deep enough for the covering of soil. It is an excellent plan when planting to place sticks to support the future flower- stems, as by so doing the spot where the bulbs lay is indicated, and their mutilniiun bvlatestakingavoided. }V. Wildsmith, Ilcckjield, Ilan/s.' The Hardy Fruit Garden. Inducing Dormant Buds to Break, &c. — Where late planted bushes and trees are not yet pruned, the operation should be finished off without delay, before doing it the soil over the roots should be trampled firm when it is in a state of moderate dryness. After the pruning is finished tlie fruit trees or bushes should be made secure, and some kind of mulch- ing placed over their roots. Young trees in- tended for pyramids, or to be horizontally trained, must liave all the buds which appear likely to bring ill-placed shoots pinched off, thereby directing the energies of growth into branches which will form in the end the crown or head of the future tree, and any well placed buds which appear likely to remain dormant should be made to break by practising what is called notcliing and which con- sists in making incisions just above the bud that is required to break, and deep enough to penetrate to the young wood, the same operation may be made to strengthen weak lateial shoi>t3. On the contrary those shoots which appear likely to grow very strong may be checked by having incisions made on the underside of the shoot. Where coriesponding tiers of branches are required on older trees, dormant buds may also be made to break, and which will quickly form bearing branches by cutting the bark just above the bud that is required to break, using a taw for the purpose so that the incision made may not heal over so quickly as one made with a knife. Pcaclics, tje. — The weather has been very waim latelv in this part of the country, and it has had the effect of pushing the growth of Peaches, Nectarines, and Apricots, some varieties being on the point of bud-bursting, and it is therefore necessary that pro- tection from frost and cutting winds should at once be fixed over them. Canvaa blinds which may be raised and lowered by means of ropes and pulleys should be kept rolled up on all favourable occasions, and let down only when there is likelihood of frost ; or when kfen winds blow. Fish-netting of three thicknesses if placed on light polfs at a short distance from the wall, affords a considerable amount ol pro- tection, and is a very cheap protector, it being sold at the low price of oOs. per 400 square yaids. The Kitchen Garden. Beetroots. — The ground should be trenched, if not alieady done, and a dressing of salt, soot, and slaked lime mixed with the soil, wliich will be found of great bent-fit in keeping insects in chnck which disfigure the appearance of the roots. Where the ground is unsuitable for the growth of good Beet it is a good plan to use two boards nailed longitudinally, 80 as to have a V-shape, and as the ground is being trenched this trough may be placed where the rows are intended to be, the ground made up to the sides ; and when it is lifted out the space may be filled in with old potting-shed soil, leaf-mould, and charred soil which has been passed through a hall-inch sieve. In late districts the crop should be sown in the second week in April, but in more favoured localities the end of the mouth or beginning of May is soon enough. Carrots. — A larger breadth of Carrots, consisting mainly of Horn varieties, may now be sown. The main crop should not be put in before tlie middle of the niontli of April or tiie commencentent of May. When the plants are grown to a height of 3 or 4 inches thin them out to a distance of a few inches apart. Carrot's in hotbi-ds or under protectors should always be thinned before they become drawn. The IIiiHD Boeder. — Mint. — In order to keep up a constant supply a fresh plantation should be made every spring, for if allowed to stand more than three years it is liable to die off; a damp or moist soil is the most suitable for it. Well manure and trench deeply as possible the ground on which it ia to be planted; draw drills about G inches apart, and lay the runnei' roots along these, covering them with a few inches of fine sharp soil to promote rapid root action. Spearmint is the kind used for culinary purposes, 7ar/-a^o?t likes a sheltered spot to grow in. The soil should be ligiit and porous. Propagate by division, the plants being set out at a foot a[>arfc, A good plantation should be made every spring from March to May, as it is necessary in order to keep up a continuous supply all the year round to lift a con- siderable portion at short intervals during winter to place in heat. Sac/e requires a light rich soil, and is propagated by cuttings, but a small packet of seed sown every spring will be found to give the best results. Sow in shallow drills 1 foot opart, and thin out the plants to be transplanted or not the following spring. Swcd Basil. — In many places it is necessary to rear this plant on a slight hotbed, hardening off and planting out into well prepared soil in a sunny situation in May. Bash Basil. — This is more hardy than the pre- ceding, and seed sown on light rich soil in a warm situation in April will succeed well enough. Borage is very accommodating, any soil or situa- tion suiting it. When once sown and allowed to seed it manages to show itself every season, but to get it as late in the season as possible seed should be sown in July, August, and September. Sweet and Put Marjoram. — The former is an annual, and seed must be sown in April every year; the latter is propagated by division, an open situation and light loamy soil being necessary. Thyme. — Several varieties of this herb are used, the common, the broad-leaved, and Lemon. They can be perpetuated by cuttings, by division, and the common by means of seed. A light situation and free soil are most suitable U*r their growth. Summer Savory is an annual, and requires to be sown in spring. April is the best month in which to sow, and a nice tree soil and open situation should be given. Winter or perennial Savory is propagated bv cuttines, or by division of the roots in spring. Wm. M. Baillle. Antwerp Exhibition of Geographical AND Commercial Botany. — In connection with this exhibition, already noticed, it is proposed to celebrate, in 1890, the tercentenary of the invention of the microscope by the display of microscopes and microscopical apparatus of all kinds, and by the holding of lectures, with illustration, concerning I he history and use of the microscope and its applica- tion to the structure of animals, plants, and minerals, the detection of adulterations of all kinds. &c. The President is M. 0. DE Bosschere, the Vice-President, Dr. Van Heurck, the Director of the Botanic Garden, Antwerp; and the becretary, M. Charles van Geert, of Antwerp. 432 THE GAfiDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 6. 1889 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper he guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. ' SX7BSCB.IBEKS TO rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE who experience any difficulty iyi obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. OASDENERS' CHKONICLE OFFICE TELEGRAUS. NOTICE to Correspondents, Advertisers, Sub- scribers and others. The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " GARDCHRON, LONDON." APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. SHOWS. {Newca9tle-ou-TVDe (two days), ^'[uvo dayf)"'' "''''^"'^ C<"'"'i<'3 Royal Botanic Society. TUESDAY, TUESDAY. MEETING. C Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, I Floral, and Scientific Commit- ArRlL 9; tees meet. Lecture on "The i Narcissus," bv Mr. F. W. Bur- ' bidge. SALES. •himtcnAV Anorr o jLiHea. Herbaceous Plants, &c., at MONDAY, April 8^ Protheroe & Morris' Booms. J First Portion of the Collection of lids formed by Mr. .T. H. . of North Cray, at Protheroe ; Morris' Rooms. 1 Collection of Orchids formed by H. J. Buchan, Esq., Southamp- ton, at Stevens' Rooms (two days). Lilies, Herbaceous Plants, Green- house Plants, Ferns, &c., at Pro- theroe & Jlorris' Rooms. /"Established Orchids, by order of . W. Thomson & Sons ; and Orchids, at Protberoe ' Rooms. APRTi I'ii ^9?®^' Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border (First Po „) Orchid "■) Bath.c (. & Mori FRIDAY, (■Established „ ) Messrs. W. J Imported I & Morris' I Plants, &c,, at Stevens' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING 'WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWIOK— 47'.3. If the new London County Council Market wishes to find a useful field for Requirements, work, the appointment of a special committee to enquire into the common market accommodation and require- ments of the Metropolis may prove to be a valuable step. London, because of the lack of real municipal government, is, perhaps, worse provided with public markets, relative to popu- lation, than is any other town in the king- dom. The City Corporation has recognised its duties in this respect, and has very well supplied the area over which it rules with good market accommodation. Still, in the matter of fruit and vegetables the City has been more back- ward than it has been in relation to other things. However, there is now established a real munici- pal authority for the whole of London. It has to govern an area of perhaps 140 square miles, and a population of more than four million souls ; hence the responsibility cast upon such an authority is immense, and it is none the lighterbecause outside the City boundaries it finds what are in other towns regarded as municipal duties grossly neglected. Very distressing is it to turn from the consideration of the require- ments in the matter of garden products as food for this vast population, to the wealth of food of this description which seems to lie at their doors, and yet remains beyond their reach. When Coi.eridge'.s shipwrecked mariner, fami.shing through thirst, exclaimed, " Water, water every- where, but not a drop to driuk ! ' he did but typify the position of the metropolitan house- holder, who, metaphorically looking abroad over the market gardens and fields which surround London, realises that there is a wealth of vegetables around him which he cannot even purchase, whilst [his own locality shows nothing better than a barren waste. There must be something very rotten indeed in the condition of our market accommodation which practically compels growers of vegetables within a f^w miles of London to chop down, plough in, or feed off by sheep many acres of good Coleworts, Savoy Cabbages, white Turnips, or other useful (and this year exceptionally good) vegetables, whilst there are within reach millions of consumers who would gladly purchase them at a profit to the grower, if opportunity brought them into contact. Either the lack of market accommodation, or else the cupidity of the town distributor of garden plants, is responsible for this state of things, or both are. At present, the dealer sits upon the shoulders of the consumer like an Old Man of the Sea, as he does literally also upon the unfortunate grower. The grower has to be con- tent with 10 per cent, profit when trade is good, with some loss, perhaps, when trade is bad. . The dealer, by the range of his charges, stands to lose nothing, and usually makes of his wares some .SO to 40 per cent, profit. If, we are to believe all that is told, the profit is often at the rate of 140 per cent. Prior to the recent rainfall, which, for the few days it endured, gave a trifling bound upward to prices the returns for good clean fresh vegetables were so low as to make growers gnash their teeth in impotent rage. Marketing is a very exacting trade ; it must be followed up constantly. The man who hesitates is lost. If he has a connection, he must supply his connection regularly with what- ever it may please to take from him, or he will find others stepping in to fill the vacancy. The link is broken, the chain is snapped, and soon all is over. Then the marketing of garden produce brings with it inevitable duties. It does not do for any grower to say, " Well, I will send nothing to market for a week, in the hope that prices may improve." At the expiration of the week the custom, whether good or indifferent, would have passed into other hands, and the load of products might have to be taken home again unsold. It seems as if we had got into the region of trade burlesque, when we hear of quantities of beautiful, fresh, firm-hearted Cole- worts selling in London for 3d. per bushel ; and yet such has been the case. No wonder, then, that the grower commands that the plough should be set into the breadths of these succu- lent greens, or that the sheep should be folded over them. The dealer who purchased at 3d. per bushel, we may be sure did not exhibit much magnanimity in consequence towards his cus- tomers, and he must be credited with singular humanitarianism if he failed to clear a shilling by the transaction. The poor consumer never does get the benefit of the prevalent low market rates. The dealer reasons, " If I sell cheaply because I have bought cheaply 1 shall never get the retail prices up again ; there- fore, I must keep up the prices for my own sake." That is of course trading human nature. There seems to be no means whereby the millions of consumers of fruit and vegetables found un.Ier the dominion of the l^ondon County Council can be liberated from their slavery to the middle man, other than through the establishment of popular markets all over London. If private rights are interfered with they must be deprived of privilege by the power of the Legislature. The feeding of the people on healthy wholesome food is a matter of paramount importance, and private monopolies must fall.before that neces- sity as the grass does under the keen blade of the scythe. Hut the interests of the producer also demand the creation of numerous public or open retail markets. The grower is the cultivator of the soil which furnishes the owner with rent, the local authorities with rates, the Government with taxes, the labourers with wages, the masses with food. In the face of snch stupendous lienefits as these things are, monopolies can have no respect, no consider- ■ ation shown them. The grower of food and the J consumer of food — but especially of such perish- 1 able food as fruit and vegetables — must be brought into immediate contact, and markets which do not provide for that needful result will be sadly lacking. Garden products soon become stale and lacking sweetness and flavour. They now pass through too many hands ; they have far too much exposure. Never will Londoners know the enjoyment derivable from the consumption of really fresh vegetables, until they can pur- chase direct from the growers' waggons. ^\ E are glad to see that the sub- Railway Rates. .,/.., , ject of railway rates is exciting attention, and are pleased to give publicity to the following circular which has reached us :— " At a meeting of the Covent Garden Market Auctioneers' and Salesmen's Association, held upon March 19, 1889, the following objections and protests to the proposed new maximum rates of the railway companies under the Kailway and Canal Traffic Act, 1888, were unaniraously agreed upon, and the same were ordered to be forwarded to the President of the Board of Trade and also to the Superin- tendents of the principal English and Scotch markets : — The Association having examined some of the proposed new maximum rates, and finding that in very many instances they exceed by from 30 to 100 per cent, the existing charges, are of opinion that these new proposals will prove prejudicial to all growers residing at any considerable distance from their usual market, and in many cases ruinous and piohibitive ; and the Association consider and submit that no charge from any station should be approved as a maximum which exceeds the charges at present being made. The Association is also of opinion that the present system of making uniform charges applicable to stations at various distances from their usual markets has, on the whole, proved beneficial alike to producer and consumer, and should not be abandoned. For and on behalf of the Asso- ciation. .T. .T. Chapman, Srcrftary, 4, Russell Street. Covcnt Garden^ Lciuloii,, IV. C." The subject is of such vital interest that we hope it will receive the attention it demands. Horticultural Club.— The monthly dinner of this Club, which had been postponed from the second to the fourth Tuesday of the month in order to give an opportunity of inviting the Dutch growers who had come over to the Hyacinth show of the Royal Horticultural Society, was held on the evening of the show day, and was the largest and most suc- cessful one that had been held by the Club since its establishment in its new quarters. The chair was taken by Dr. Hogg, in the absence of the Chairman of the Club, Mr, John Lee, and besides the Dutch Aprii. 6, 1889.J THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 433 irrowers Jfessrs. Kersten, De Graaf, Biijvoet, and Tlio subject for discussion will be " The ceremony of the Congress will be held in the Exhi- Bensaud there were present the Kev. W. AVilks, nahlia," to be opened by T. W. OiRDLESTONr:, bition on August 19 at Imlf-past two; two other Messrs Harrv J Veitch Deal, Girdlestone. Cnnvlev, Esq. Mr. F. W. Bi'buidok will be the guest of the meetings will be held at the rooms of the National Harrison We'ir, H.J. re'arson,' Geo. Paul, Geo. Bun- Club, Horticultural Society of France, at 84, Rue de FlQ. 78.— TTPKS OF CAJIBLLIAS FBOM MESSRS. W. PAUL AXD SONS COLLECriOX : 1, SE1I[-DOOBLE ; 3, IIMBRI.ITE ; 3, IMURICATE. (.SEE P. 426) yard A H. Pearson, Walker, .1. H. Veitch, Francis PARIS ExHIBITION.-In connection with this Grenelle, on the 20th and 21st of August respec- Rivers, A. Moss, &c. A pleasant evening was great gathering the following Congresses have been tively, at the same hour. The questions to be spent, and the Dutch florists highly appreciated the announced :— specially treated are the following:— hospitalitv and kindly feeling shown to them by Hoeticultukal Coxobess. — This international the Club. -The next dinner of the Club will gathering will be held in connection with the 1. Is it possible to obta.n designedly, by means of take place on Tuesday, the 9th inst., at 6 p.m. general Horticultural Exhibition. The opening artificial fertilisation, certain desired characteristics 434 THE OABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Aphil 6 1889. in plants cultivated fur market purposes (inaiket gardens, orchards, fruit gardens) or in floriculture generally ? 2. Is it necessary, in order to obtain flowers with Btriped corollas, to obtain first of all flowers with white coroll'is ? 3. Consideration of railway rates. 4. Revision of the Phylloxera Convention of Berne. 5. Chemical manures, their use in horticulture. 6. Method of destruction of the enemies of culti- vated plants (insects, fungi, &c.)- M. Hardy is the President of the committee, M. Ernest Bergman is the Secretary. Botanical Congress. — This will be held under the auspices of the Botanical Society of France in the latter half of August. Any botanical subject may be brought forwards, but the committee specify two subjects in particular for discussion: — 1, The desiiability of coming to some general understanding with museums and societies in all countries, in order that accurate maps may be prepared, showing the distribution of the genera and species of plants over the surface of the globe. An exhibition of maps, books, photographs and other subjects relating to botanical geography will be held at the same time, 2. The second subject relates to the value of minute or microscopical anatomy in the classification of plants. M. H. de Vilmorin is the President ; M. Malinyaud the Secretary. The rooms of the Society are at 84, Rue de Crenelle, Paris, Agricultural Congress. — This will be held in connection with the exhibition, beginning on July 4. The programme specifies that papers and discussions will be held on the agricultural depression, its causes and remedies; the institution of loan banks, provident institutions, the transfer of land ; agricultural instruction and research, agricultural industries, sugar Beet, cider manufacture. Potato culture, textile plants, Tobacco, oil plants, dairy industry. Vine culture, and wine manufacture, the Phylloxera, silk culture, injurious and useful birds and insects, fish culture, &c. Communications should be sent before May 1 to the General Secre- tary of the Congress, M. Deherain, 63, Rue de Buflfon, Paris. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— The usual monthly meeting of the committee took place at the Caledonian Hotel on the 29th ult., Mr. G. Deal pre- siding. The receipts for the month amounted to £.83 75. IV?., including £5 Gs. lid. per Mr. Ford, the Secretary of the Richmond Horticultural Society, as the proceeds of the flower stall at the recent spring show, £.51 Os. Gd. from Mr. H. B. May, of Edmonton, and £7 Is. 6;^ from Mr. W. G. Head, obtained by means of a collecting card. On the nomination of Mr. H. J. Clayton, of Grimston Park Gardens, Mr. Lawton, of Wilton House Gardens, Brough, York- shire, was appointed local secretary for that district. The Chairman announced that the President, Sir JcMAN GoLDSiiiD, Bart., M.P., would preside at the annual dinner at the Cannon Street Hotel, on July 19, The following gave in their names as stewards at the dinner : — Messrs. Assbee, Bates, Bishop, Connell, R. Dean, W. G. Head, H. Herbst, J. Laing, W. Richards, J. Roberts, \V. Roupell, J. Walker, and Wynne. The usual quarterly allowance to the children upon the Fund, amounting to £35 15s., was ordered to be paid. The meeting closed with a vote of thanks to the Chairman. Chiswick Gardeners' Improvement Asso- ciation.—On Friday, the 29th ult, the annual dinner of this Association was held, with Mr. G. Gordon in the chair, when there was a good attend- ance. An interesting feature of the evening was the presentation of the prizes offered by Mrs. S. A. Lee. which were awarded as follows ; — For a paper on " Arrangement of the fruit garden, to produce a continuous supply of fruit without the aid of glass," 1st, Mr. S. Summers, Royal Horticul- tural Society's Gardens, Chiswick. For " Best eyetem of cropping the kitchen garden to ensure a continuous supply of vegetables, where no forcing is practised," 1st, Mr. T. Bones, gardener to J. Donaldson, K^q., Tower House, Chiiwick ; 2nd, Mr. J. Addison, gardener to Mrs. Lloyd, Merton Lodge, Chiswick ; 3rd, Mr. R. Wood, gardener to Mrs. Sanderson, Duke's Avenue, Chiswick ; 4th, Mr. R. Aitken, gardener to J. J. Ford, Esq,, Park Side, H-immersmith. And for the last paper on " How to maintain a gay conservatory throughout the year," 1st, Mr. A. Reid, The Gardens, Possingworth, Cross-in-Hand ; 2nd, Mr. J. Barry, Koyal Horticultural Society, Chiswick ; 3rd, Mr. A. Wright, gardener to E. II. Watts, Esq., Devonhurst, Chiswick; 4th, Mr. G. Beaton, High- field, The Gardens, Shoreham. Adulterated Seeds.— The London Agricul- tural Seed Trade Association have issued a circular stating that certain persons in Hamburg have been, and are, exporting to the United Kingdom and the British Colonies of Australia and New Zealand, Clover and other seeds, which have been sulphured, coloured, or otherwise fraudulently "improved " in appearance, to the great detriment and loss of honest traders and agriculturists. The Association announces its inten- tion to prosecute in the United Kingdom in accord- ance with the Seed Adulteration Act, and in Germany as far as the German Laws enable them, all persons who, after this date, shall manufacture or export from Germany any seed thus fraudulently dealt with, and to cause such seed to be seized according to law. The Association also invite allseed mer- chants and others in this and other countries to assist them in putting a stop to such dishonest practices. The circular is signed for the London Agricultural Seed Trade Association by John Pickard, Chairman ; William Neustetel, Vice-Chairman ; Thomas Thorn- ton, James S. Eastes, William Nutting, Nathaniel Sherwood (of Hurst lS; Son), and Thomas Barker, Directors ; David Allester, Secretary. Dr. Sch6nLAND, till lately Assistant to the Professor of Botany in Oxford, has been appointed Curator of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown. '* KeW Bulletin" — The March number is devoted to the subject of the fibre Industry in the Bahamas, and to various hardy species of Eucalyptus. Seed has been received of E. coccinea at Kew from Tasmania, taken from trees which were coated with icicles a foot long. It is hoped that the seedlings mav prove hanly in this country. Further infurraa- tion is given concerning the African Rubbers and their sources. Cardinal Archbishop Haynald.— The Car- dinal, who is well known to botanists, has pre- sented his extensive herbarium and botanical library to the National Museum of Buda-Pesth. IMPATIENS RODtGASI.— This is a new species, described and figured by M. Lucien Linden in the Illustration Horticole, t. 78. It was introduced fortuitously from Java. It has the habit of 1. Sultani, but with leaves in whorls of three; flowers solitary, on long axillary stalks, each about 1.^ inch diameter, reddish-purjtle, with five, rounded, two-lobed petals, and a long slender spur. It has been named in honour of ]\r. Rodigas, who has for so long a period rendered excellent service to horticulture, and who now holds the post of Director of the School of Horticulture at Ghent. Phylloxera in Asia Minor.— The last num- ber of the K'tv litilUiin mentions that the introduc- tion of this pest into Asia Minor "appears not to have been an accident, but the result of a deliberate importation of Vine plants from a country where the disease was known to exist." " P<'rsons engaged in horticultural business," continues the Jhdletin, "often complain bitterly, and sometimes with good cause, against the restrictions which the Phylloxera regulations impose upon them. But in the face of the facts d. tailed in the . . . correspondence it is dillicult to find grounds for protesting against such regulations," No one has protested against any rea-^onable regulations, and no one would more ear- nestly denounce carelessness in so serious a matter than the horticulturists. The protest is against regulations which, from the \t:ry nature of things are utterly absurd and futile. Unfortunately, evt-n in cases where some show of reason might be adduced for the imposition of restrictions, they have proved quite impotent to prevent, much less to check the progress of the plague. Emigrants' Information Office.— The fol- lowing particulars are forwarded from the office relating to this quarter's Circulars, which have just been issued. Queensland is the principal colony which gives assistance to unmarried agricultural labourers. The present time of year is the mo^t suitable for emigration to Canada. Farmers wiili capital will find openings in all the colonies; agri- cultural labourers in Canada, New South Walef, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania, and some districts of New Zealand. The Circul.ira may be obtained, free of cost, from the oftice, 31, Broadway, Westminster, S.W. Violet Culture. — Mr. John Heath has reprinted the series of articles lately contributed to this journal in the form of a pamphlet. Many readers will 1 e glad to possess them in this con- venient form. The pamphlet may be had for bi. of the publisher, Mr. W. Birkett, Kendal. Spring Flowers.— From Mr. Ware, of Tot- tenham, we have received specimens of the following interesting plants:— Iris stylosa alba, grown iu a cold frame, seems to be even freer flowering than the type. It has white, beardless flower-segments with a central yellow stripe. The rare and beautiful Iris stvlosa speciosa has just done flowering; it is much dwarfer than the type, and the flowers are of a very deep violet-blue, with rather more rounded falls, and larger. Narcissus Bulbocodium nivalis, from the Portuguese mountains, is even smaller than the smallest minimus. N. cyclamineus, of three years' growth from the open ground is quite hardy, each bulb producing from two to three yellow flowers, with reflexed segments and a long cylin- drical cup. Tecophilea cyanocrocus, grown in a cold frame, is remark.ible for its lovely blue funnel- shaped flowers. Korclkowia discolor is a great im- provement on K. Severzowi. It bears erect racemes of pendulous bell-shaped, greenish-yelbiw flowers, nearly 2 inches in length. Pushkinia libanotica is a Squill-like plant with compact racemes of erect bell-shaped flowers, each about half an inch in length with oblong-whitish segments, with a central stripe of blue. Mushroom Disease. — A correspondent has sent us specimens of Mushrooms over-run by a whitish fungus mould which destroys the appearance of the Mushrooms, and renders them useless. Dr. CooKK, to whom the specimens were referred, reports as follows: — "The ajjpearance of the Mushrooms and the condition of the bed is by no means new or rare. It has been known for many years that on some occasions a whole croj) of Mushrooms will be more or less diseased, but the canse has never been indicated, or, we think, discovered. The gills, more especially, are distorted, and covered with a whitis-h matted felt, as of a kind of mould which may spread over the entire Mushroom. In Ihe Gardeners' Chronicle for 1SS4, p. 245, this disease was referred to, and one of its manifestations determined to be a species of Saprolegnia, an ally of the fungus which pro- duces the well-known salmon disease. In the present int^tance we find the mould to be of a dilTerent cha- racter, such ns generally associated with species of llyponiyce?, ascigerous fungi, of which the mould represents the conidia. According to its scientific aspect the mould is a species of Mycogone, not unlike Mycogone rosea in many of its features, but perhaps referable to Mycogone alba. The threads are very numerous, and closely inter- twined in a matted felt; the spores or conidia are large, and consist of a larger and smaller cell united, the larger one becoming amber-coloured and April 6, 1869.] THE GARDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. 435 spinulose, the lower and smaller cell remaining hyaline and smootli. This is the furthest we have beeu able to discover at present ; a further develop- ment may take place under a bell-glass. The remedy is a mystery. There is no cuie for the present outbreak, and evei-y trace should be at once destroyed. It would hardly be i>rudent to occupy the same spot for Mushrooms for a long time to come. [The soil employed contained alargequantity of vege- table matter, and was therefore unsuitable tu cover a Mushroom bed, owing to the readiness with which other forms of fungus grow in it, especially under warm conditions. Fresh loamy soil from a pasture, and which has laid at least one year in a heap that has been kept free of all fungus growths, is the most suitable for covering Mushroom beds. F.d.] Agricultural Research Experiments.— We have received reports of the annual meetings of the Aberdeenshire and Sussex Associations, from which we extract the following particulars : — Sussex ExFERUiENXii. ** Drainage. — Different systems are under trial. The drains were carefully made before sowing out in permanent pasture. Comparatively little benefit has been gained by drainage. Highly beneficial as drainage is known to be under certain circumstances, it appears that in other cases it may be wasteful. "Where, as in these experiments, there is to be dealt with a dense deep mass of plastic clay almost imper- meable by water, no underground water is likely to trouble as a rule, and hence there may be no need for deep drainage. In such a case it would seem that the eriorts should be directed rather to dealing with surface water. " LiiH*:. — Rain falling on slimy clay mostly either runs over, or lies on, the surface; the result is— a washing oti' of useful matter, or coldness, and an unworkable state. The Sussex experiments indi- cate that while lime does not increase the crop, yet if it is applied in large enough doses (4 or 5 tons per acre), it renders the soil so friable that the rain passes so far downwards, thus avoiding both the above disadvantages, while the soil might ultimately asaurae a condition in which moderately deep drain- age might be effectual. "Improvement of Old Pasture. — In regard to old pasture in really bad state, among many plans tried to effect improvement, the best plan of improving has been found to be— to liglitly plough up the pasture, and at once resow it without taking a grain crop. " Manures. — Various artificial manures have been used, some of which have not repaid the outlay, bat others, and notably one which is now adopted as the mixture recommended by the Association, has had the effect every year during the past four years of increasing the crop by 70 or SO per cent. " E^fed of Grazing. — A novel table of a most in- structive kind, and on which much labour has been spent, brings out the debit and credit features of pasturing, both from the proprietors' and the far- mers' point of view ; in other words, the effect on the soil, and the effect in regard to profit by the different systems of using pasture-land, such as mowing V. grazing, manuring v. no manuring, arti- ficial food I', grass only, &g., the whole being brought out in diagram form as a picture, which at a glance shows the striking differences by the various systems. " Support and Direction. — The Association is up- held by proprietors of Sussex, aided last year by a State grant of £50. The experiments for the past eight yf^ars have been directed by Professor Jamie- 60K, Lecturer on Agriculture in Aberdeen Univer- sity, who also conducts similar experiments in Aber- deenshire, and proposes to carry out the same system in other counties where a similar organisation may be formed. Probably every shire might, at com- paratively little outlay, if well managed, have such an obviously useful system. ** Benefit in Practice. — The experiments are done on both large and small scales, but it is considered that large plots, as a rule, are not to be depended on, The information got on the small scale is now applied in practice widely over Sussex, and many elatements are annually volunteered of remarkable benefit being derived ; one prominent member remarking that the result was so striking and sus- tained yearly, that if he had £500 given him as a present he would lay it out on the manures recom- mended. " Annual Manure Circular.— A special feature of the report is the statement of manure mixtures recommended for different crops, the statement being adjusted yearly in keeping with current prices, new information, and new manures. While, no doubt, every county with its different soils, different climate, and different method of farming would benefit by having mixtures specially adapted for its special demands, yet it is believed that, in the absence of such information, the mixtures adjusted with care and skill as suited fur Sussex might, in nnuiy cases, be with benefit adopted in other counties. The ingredients may be obtained from most manure merchants, but it should be ensured that the character and condition of tlie ingredients are such as are clearly specified in the report as most suitable. AnERDEENsmuE Experiments. " Scieniijio Hesearch. — Much the same kind of ex- periments are conducted in Aberdeenshire, the main difference being that the large drainage and pasture experiments are omitted, and more attention given to purely scientific experiments. In that county there is a special experimental sta- tion, with equipments such as museum and la- boratory, where such work may be done, and results thus obtained that could not be got in soil, and which may afterwards be verified on small field plots, and finally brought to bear in practice on the large scale."' Show Fixtures. — The Ancient Society of York Florists announce their ordinary shows fur April 24, May 21), July 10. August 14, and Septem- ber 11; and a three days' Chrysanthemum exhi- bition, opening on November 20, when liberal prizes are offered. The Collections of M. Beaucarne of Eename. — The fine collections of plants made by this gentleman, lately deceased, will be sold at Eename, near Audenarde, Belgium, on the 20th and 30th of this month. In addition to plants of the ordinary character there are numerous special collections, and specimen plants of Azaleas, Camellias, I5ro- meliads, Amaryllids, Palms, Cypripediums and other Orchids, including a plant of Vanda Lowii, l.(J5m. in heiglit. The Azaleas and Camellias will be sold on the 29th, the Orchids on the following day. Catalogues may be had frum M. Pynaert van Geeut, of Ghent, or M, jANNyENs, notary, of Eename. To Our Masonic Readers.— An attempt is being made to secure the admission of Percy Court, son of the late Mr. Court, of the Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, to the benefits of the lioyal Masonic Institution for Boys. As this is the onlv chance that tlie lad can have of succeeding it is to be hoped that out of respect to his father's raemorv, and in consideration of the necessities of the case, uU who have votes at their disposal will do their best to secure the success of the lad at the ensuing election during this month. The case is strongly supported by the brethren among the horticulturists. Royal Microscopical Society. — At the next meeting, to be held on Wednesday, the 10th inst., Mr. G. Massere will read a paper on the " Kevision of the Trichiaceai." Drug Sales.— In the Mincing Lane reports during the past fortnight some interesting facts con- nected with vegetable products appear. Thus it is stated that six bales of Ueer'a-tongue leaves (Liatris odoratissima) were offered for sale at Zd. per pound. Some time ago it is said they were becoming popular as a substitute for Tonquin Beans. In America the plant is known as Wild Vanilla and is used for scenting cigars and Tobacco. If the plant is trodden upon tlie aroma is abundantly given off. This aroma is due to the same crystallizable odorous principle which is found in the Ton(iuin Bean and the sweet- scented Vernal-grass. It is stated that in America, many of the Havouring fruit essences and vegetable perfumes are obtained from the Liatris leaves. Under the head of (ium asaftutida, which our readers are aware is a fa'tid gum obtained from two or more species of Ferula from Kashmir and Persia, we read the following startling aunouncetnent :—" It is said that a peculiar adulteration uf this article has re- cently been observed in Hamburg, where wholesale drug firms oftered to their Swedish customers a gum from trees which wascompoKcd of crystallised gypsum coated with true asaCa'tida, the amount of adultera- tion varying from 20 to 80 per cent." Of Strophan- thus seeds, it is reported that large quantities have recently been imported and that good greenish seeds have realised 45. per pound. A good deal of un- certainty prevails as to the botanical identity of the species yielding the Strophauthus seedsof commerce, some kinds being more pointed than others or of different tints, or smooth or hairy. John Linden.— The Orchidopnile for March contains a portrait and biographical sketch of the intrepid explorer, who has done no much to extend our knowledge of plants and to bring them within the reach of horticulturists. Homage to a Brave Man.— Should any readers meet with a Begonia called Jules Bourdon, it may interest them to know that the plant has been named in memory of a gardener who was killed in the defence of his master's property by some bur- glars at Auteuil, near Paris. The Moniieur Hor- ticolc proposes shortly to give an illustration of the plant. Plants and Their Culture. Heuecliniums and EuPATORiuMs. — HebecUuium ianthinum, and H. atro-rubens are most useful, and easily cultivated winter decorative plants, and are also good for cut flower purposes. Cuttings should be put in soon, and kept well shaded for a few days ; when repotting, use good loam and decomposed manure with a little coarse river sand; 0-inch pots will be found a useful size for the final potting and as soon as the pots are full of roots the plants should have a liberal supply of liquid-manure. Old plants, as they go out of bloom, should be cut back into the old wood, only leaving two or three eyes to break, and when the plants have recommenced growth cut back the roots, repotting in fresh soil, and placing them in a temperature of 55^ to 00° for a time, and then transferring to a cool house or frame. Eupatorium riparium, E. odoratum, and K. Weinmanianum, require similar treatment as to soil and propogation, but should be grown in a lower temperature. Give copious supplies of water during growth, and plenty of liquid manure when their bloom is forming. E. Weinmanianum is an erect growing variety, and is sweet scented; it also blooms freely and the trusses are of a pure white. E. riparium and E. odoratum are compact bushes, very serviceable as conservatory decorative plants. After the plants have made a good growth, they may be planted out-of-doors for a time, and should be plunged in ashes or cocoa fibre to protect their roots, as the plants soon suffer from drought if exposed to bright sunshine and drying winds. They should never be allowed to suffer for want of moisture, and are much benefited by damping overhead in the evening during hot weather. Linnm iriyyuitm. — This old shov/y winter bloomer never fails to be appreciated if well grown and covered with its bright yellow flowers. To grow it successfully, it should through the winter be grown in an intermediate house or a stove in a temperature of 60°. Cuttings should be struck early, and gi'own on in a moist atmosphere. A 5 inch pot will be large enough for young winter stock, and when giving tho last shift, use a good mixture of loam and peat in equal proportions, adding some good coarse silver sand to keep the compost open and allow plenty of drainage. The plants should be watered with care 436 THE GABDENER8' CHRONICLE, [April 6, 1889. till well rooted, when they may be removed to a cooler house and well syringed twice daily. Old plants shnuld be cut back now, and when the buds are breaking, should be repotted and grown on in a moist warm house. Red spider frequently attacks this plant if grown in a dry house, therefore it is advisable to use the syringe freely. A cold frame suits the plants well during the summer, standing the pots on a hard coal ash bottom, and syringing them at closing time — given a warm house about the third week in September, keeping them close to the light. Before placing the plants in their winter quarters, it is the safest plan to dip in, or well syringe with, tobacco-water to destroy red spider if it be present. Geo. Wythcs, Sion Hottse, Brentford, The Orchid Houses. Growinq and rooting Orchids of all kinds should receive a plentiful supply of rain-water at the roots, and a temperature not lower than that prescribed for each section ; indeed, a good rise above it of 8° or 10*^ on sunny days is beneficial. Phal^nopsis, Saccolabiums, most Vandas (not the varieties of V. suavis, V, tricolor, and V. insignis, which are never more than cool intermediate-house plants) require a brisk-growing temperature ; indeed, it is by reason of their being generally kept too cool in spring and early summer, which is their growing season, and too hot and cloee in winter, that they so often fail in collections. All these should be in- spected to see if they require re-basketing; or, if firmly rooted, the old sphagnum working out and replaced by new, Calanthes of the vestita section, if not already re- potted, should now be attended to, using good turfy yellow loam and peat with broken charcoal or crushed bones added. Deciduous Calanthes of the Regnieri, or spring-flowering section, which have made young growths, and are over flower, may be repotted with the C. vestita and C. Veitchii, those in flower or not ready being left nntil later, Lycastes Zygopetalums, Phaius, and evergreen Calanthes, also requiring repotting may now be shifted, similar or other proved mixture being used. Growing Den- drobes require a moist warm house and plenty of water. Syringing as generally carried out I consider to be very mischievous, and the more it is restricted to only occasional use the better. If it may be safelv done at all it is in a small house containing all growing Dendrobes. The temperatures by artificial heat should hence- forth be carefully kept in check as the sun gains in power. A good warming with sun-heat, with the artificial heat kept under, is a great reviver of vege- tation under glass, while both acting together are often very harmful. From now until autumn be liberal with the water about and under the stages. The temperatures for the month of April should be : — Warmest house, 65° to 70° by day, with 60° at night; intermediate-house, 60° to 65° by day, 55° at night; and for the cool-house, 5o° to 60° by day, and 50° at night. James O'Brien. Fruits Under Glass. Melon's in the early house will now be swelling, so remove all flowers and superfluous growths as they appear. When the fruit approaches the size of a tennis ball support it by four pieces of matting, or string, tied together under the fruit, and fastened to the wire above, or pieces of board can be used, sus- pended from the four corners, a hole being bored in the centre, to let moisture escape. Stop and tie when necessary, and keep a growing temperature by damping early in the morning, at midday, and again in the afternoon, shutting up with sun, with the ther- mometer at 85°, and partly damping the plants. Fill the evaporating troughs with manure-water, and give air gradually in the morning, and continuing till shutting up time, about 3 o'clock. Have a night temperature of 70°. As soon as sufficient fruits are showing at one stage on later plants, impregnate the fully developed flowers. Maintain a higher and drier atmosphere while this takes place, and stop the growths to one leaf beyond the fruit. When a suflicient crop is swelling give a watering with weak manure-water, damping and syringing the houses as before advised. As soon as the roots appear on the surface of the pot give it a top-dressing with warm soil and a little manure. When the fruit approaches ripeness with- hold the moisture and give more air. Figs. — The early forced ones will soon be ripening gradually. Stop the damping and syringing, giving a drier atmosphere with plenty of air. Those plants in pots should be liberally treated with water, dusting and washing in a little Thomson's manure twice a week. In later houses syringe the trees botli morning and afternoon, fill the troughs with manure- water, damping down the paths and beds at mid-day when bright. Give the borders a top-dressing with manure and loam, and water liberally ; lie-in any shoots requiring it, stopping them at the sixth joint, and removing weak orovercrowded ones. The night temperature should be 60° — 65°, and in the day 70 — 85° with sun. If not already put in cuttings from last year's growth can be taken from the young shoots, leaving a heel of the old wood attached. Plunge into bottom-heat singly in 60's, and as soon as rooted potting into loara, mortar, and a few bones. Tomatos. — A few seeds may still be sown for planting out. The early ones, potted in large pots as advised last month, will be in bloom, rub off all i'lU. ?y.— ultLlUO POX AXD SEOTION. FlQ. 80.— FLOWER rOT SEEN IN Si;CTIOV. side-shoots as they appear, and give plenty of air to keep the plants dwarf. Treat them to water liber- ally when set, and use manure-water when swelling. Top-dress as the pots get full of roots. Pot off into 7-inch pots plants which are in 60's, and when estab- lished gradually harden off for planting against a warm wall in June. In the South in favourable seasons they will do on a warm border facing south, planting a yard apart, and supported by stakes. W. Bennett, Banf/cmore, Btirfon-on- Trent . HUMEA ELEGANS.— The party of the Victorian Field Naturalists' Club which went, on my sug- gestion, to the Waratah country of Eastern Gipps- land this summer, saw there H. elegana rising to about 20 feet, masses of these plants, quite impres- sing a peculiar picture on the landscape. The stems of the tallest Humeas are bare to about 5 feet. F. J''oji MuoUcr. Useful Inventions. THE SCIENTIFIC ORCHID POT. The Scientific Plant Pot Company, 21, Commer- cial Street. Leeds (London Agent, Mr. A. Pitman), have called our attention to a new pot invented by them, which seems to us calculated to be very ser- viceable. It consists of a pot or pan (fig. 70) standing on legs an inch long, in a saucer, to which it is firmly attached. In the sides and bottom of the pot are slits, which admit air, heat, and moisture, to the roots of the Orchids. The saucer being filled with water, the slits in the side and bottom of pot prevent it acting as a syphon, yet the capillary attraction of the pot draws up sufficient moisture to keep the Orchid growing until the roots strike down to the water. The advantages claimed are : More certainty of growing, better results, less labour, and greater cleanliness. The water standing in the saucer effec- tually prevents all snails and other pests from reach- ing the Orchid. To plant the Orchid, fill up the pot with broken charcoal raised into a cone 2 inches above the rim of pot ; spread on a little sphagnum moss, then plant the Orchid on the top. When finished, the Orchid should stand on a cone 2 to 4 inches above the rim of the pot. Pour sufficient water in the saucer to keep the Orchid moist ; some Orchids require the saucer full, and others only to cover the bottom of saucer. Never water the Orchid at the top of pot, or use the syringe ; wash the leaves when required ; keep no exposed water about ; give more air and light as soon as the roots have reached the water. The Orchid may be removed from house to house without detriment, as each carries its own reservoir along with it; also they will stand in the sun without flagging. In these pots Orchids will thrive in an ordinary greenhouse amongst other plants. When the Orchid requires rest, pour out the water, and fill the saucer with cotton-wool to prevent vermin attacking the Orchid. Another pot shown in fig. 80 is adapted for flowers. Ferns, &c., which may be grown with much lesa labour and inconvenience, greater cleanliness, and more satisfactory results than hitherto. In using the Scientific Plant Pot, the following directions should be observed : fill the pot as far as the top of the slits with pieces of charcoal, then add a little moss thereto to prevent the earth from fall- ing down amongst the charcoal, and, after filling the pot with earth, carefully insert the plant. The saucer should then be filled with water, and the plant placed in the shade for a couple of days. Never water the plant at the top or even syringe it, but keep the saucer adequately supplied with water. Snails, worms, wood-lice, and vermin generally will cease to exercise their damaging and deterring influence by reason of the, to them, impassable bridge of water contained in the saucer, and separating them entirely from the plant and its surroundings proper. The slits in the aides and bottom of the pot provide for and ensure perfect ventilation to the roots of the plants, preventing their cramping and decay ; and at the same time, the pot cannot, na formerly, act as a syphon by drawing up the volume of water to the plant, and, as was the fact in many cases, de- luging and destroying it; but the plant may now, by the use of this invention, be scientifically and properly reared, inasmuch as tlie capillary attraction draws up the moisture at all points alike, and the plant ia kept going until the roots strike down and obtain greater sustenance and strength. The evaporation of the water gently stimulates the plant, and it grows steadily, though vigorously, receiving no check, as in ordinary cases, by being dry one moment and deluged with water the next. One-third, if not more, of the labour attending to and working a greenhouBC may happily now be avoided, as almost all the trouble of watering is rendered unnecessary. The greenhouse with the introduction ofthis system, will be kept clean with relatively little trouble. For forcing and for gross feeding plants, sucli as Ko.sc8, Chrysanthemums, Tomatos, and Strawberrie.'^, a« well as for all Fern and fruit trees in pots, this ArBiL G, ISSd.] THE GABBENEBJ^' GlIRONICLE. 437 system will be found serviceable, as liquid manure, when placed in the saucer, will be brought into direct contact with the roots, and the plant will receive all the nourishment for its speedy and effectual develop- ment. These are the advantages claimed for these pots, which are obviously worth a trial. EUCALYPTUS STAIGERIANA. Some time since we receivei! from Mr. Thomas Ilanbury, of La Mortola, Ventimiglia, a specimen of a Eucalyptus with narrow leaves and elegant white flowers. The exquisite fragrance of the leaves was as delicious as the refinement of the flowers. Being unable to identify the new comer, we consulted the historian of the genus, feeling assured that if he did not know the plant, it was not likely that any one else would do so. We subjoin his letter, merely adding that this would be a most desirable plant to cultivate iu suitable localities for commercial pur- poses, ard if it can be got to flower when of small size, specially desirable as a warm greenhouse plant. " The Eucalyptus, of which you sent a sketch, is E. Staigeriana. A brief description of it is contained in Mr. F. M. Bailey's Synopds of the Qtieenslaml Flora, p. 170 (1883.) I first regarded it as a variety of E. crebra, holding the same relation to that plant as Thymus citriodorus does to T. serpyllum or Boronia citriodora to B. pinnata. As a variety it is mentioned by Prolessor Xaudin in the Manitel dc VAulimatcur under E. crebra. but after eliciting fuller information from Mr. Wyclifle, who lives in the only region (at the Palmer Hiver) where only this scented leaved Eucalypt has been found, I raised it to specific rank, and thus it i ccurs under the name E. Staiger- iana in the editions of 18Sj and 1888 of my Select Plants. Most of the characteristics are those of E. crebra, but now we know that the bark and wood are very distinct. The late Mr. Staigerwas Government Analyst at Brisbane, lie made the nature-prints of his and Bailey's Grasses of Queensland. He also distilled the oil from E. Staigeriana for several of the recent Exhibitions from foliage obtained at the Palmer Eanges. He died last year. The seeds were sent by me to Antibes at least once, and as yet they are very diflicult to obtain, as the culti- vated trees have not yet fruited anywhere. So far as I know E. citriodora is the only other species with fragrant leaves." Home Correspondence. ^?° Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending early intelligence of local events likely to he of interest to our readers, or of any /natters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or draivings of gardens, or of remarkable plants, trees, cf'c, are also solicited. VIOLETS. — This is a subject now occupying the attention of a good many of ycur readers, and as we are very successful herewith their cultivation, I should like to say something as to my methods. I plant them out in the last week in April on a north border, which is manured with the old mulch from the inner ■\^ine borders, and a sprinkling of Jensen's I'ish Potash Manure. The plants are put out at a distance of 1 foot apart, kept moist in dry weather and the runners vigorously pinched off. During the autumn season, these runners are pricked into boxes, where they soon strike, and these make excellent plants for planting out the following spring. I feel quite sure that this is the best way of getting plants, that is, in just the same way as one raises Strawberry plants, but then very often one has no time to do this ; hence the more usual method of increase by division. The plants should always be placed under cover in the last week in September, at not more than 9 inches from the glass, and be planted with a good ball of roots and soil attached. 'Violets dislike heat, and all that they want is the frost kept out of the frame or pit in which they are placed. I get flowers from my plants for seven months in succession, and oftentimes longer. We fancv that New '\'ork is tlie earliest variety ; then comes Marie Louise and then Swiinley White, This variety during the month of March was quite a sight with its double white blossom ; then follow Wellsiana, a grand siiiglt\ with laige blossoms and quite ft long foot-stalk ; Kawlin's White is ((uite a mass of blossom just now ; Mdlle. Bertha Barron is just opening its first blossom — it is a grand flower, and will be a favourite some day. I still grow the old tree 'Violet, but the Neapolitan I have thrown away to make room for better ones. Violets of all kinds should, in my opinion, have some kind of shelter in the spring, £o as to have them us tine as 81.— I:UCALVI'TL'S STAIGEBIANA, JLOWKHS WHITli, LEAVES EXiiUISITELY FBAGKANT. possible, and right well one is repaid for any trouble of this sort taken. J. Bust, Bridge Castle. Having been a grower of Violets for the past twenty years, I have taken the liberty to send you a few Violet blooms for your inspection. I have taken an interest from reading of the culture of Violets in the Gardeners' Chronicle. I sow only three varieties — the Neapolitan, Marie Louise, and The Czar. I grow in frames and pits, and The Czar I also grow at the foot of a south wall. I employ no artificial mannre whatever from the time that I put the plants into the frame until I take them out again, and I give them nothing but soft water. I lilaiit them in the frames in September, taking them out in May. I begin to gather blossoms iu tictober, and continue to do so until May. 1 have had every success by following out these methods iu the open ground and in frames and pots. My beds of Violets at the present time present a mass of bloom. J. Ilussey, Haines Hill, Twyford. [Capital blooms of The Czar and Marie Louise. Eo,] AN0IGANTHU8 BREVIFLORUS. — I can fully endorse the remarks made by your correspondent, " W." (p. 398), concerning the above-named plant- that it is certain to become a jiopular garden plant." This plant is described by Mr. Baker, in his valuable book on the Aiiuiryllidcie. The genus is mnnotypic. It may not be out of place to give his description : — " Bulb ovoid, 1 inch diameter, with a short neck. Leaves three to four, contemporary with the flowers, lorate, a foot or more long. Peduncles i— 1 foot long. Umbel two to ten-flowered ; spathe-valves two, lanceolate ; pedicels erect, slender, 1—1' inches long. Perianth bright yellow, about an inch long; tube a quarter to one-third as long as the segments ; stamens half as long as the jjeriauth-segment ; capsule half long, valves reflc-xing from the centre." He also records a variety, minor, which is a dwarf mountain form, with a short jieduncle, and narrow perianth segments. Habitat, mountains of Natal and the eastern provinces of Cape Colony, ascending to 5000 feet on the Sneewbergen. Flowers from October to February. The plants of this bulb which are now flowering in difl'erent parts of the country were distributed from these gardens, where the stock was sent to by Mr. Adlam, of Natal, under the name of Cyrtanthus lutescens. For some few weeks past it has been in flower in a cool house in these gardens ; the number of flowers borne on a scape in our case has been four, measuring in diameter from perianth-segment to segment U to •2 inches in diameter. From our present knowledge of the plant it is impossible to say whether it is sufficiently hardy to stand outside in our climate without protection, but doubtless it will prove itself v/ell adapted for forcing. A suitable compost in which to grow it is a mixture of loam, leaf-soil, with some sharp sand added, putting three bulbs into a 48-pot, keeping them just below the surface of the soil, giving them a light position. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Candiridye. [A good specimen was exhibited by Mr. Lynch at the last meeting of the scientific committee. Ed.] BRITISH FRUIT GROWERS' ASSOCIATION.— The above Association made a great shout in the autumn about the railway rates, and the jiroposed charges. Now these are issued, and April 12 is the last day for sending in objectipns to the Board of Trade, yet nothing is heard of the above Society. Surely there is one clause which aft'ects fruit growers, viz., that less weight than 560 lb. shall be charged as a quarter of a ton on any reasonable sum the companies may think fit. It must be to our interest to know defi- nitely what will be the charge for at least 1 cwt. from station to station. These charges are now very much increased, yet we hear of no opposition by this or any similar body. It is to be hoped that they are not asleep if we are to be enabled to compete with foreign producers. B. F. (See p. 432). CATTLEYA LINDLEYANA.— What would happen if Mr. Seden, or some of his enterprising co- workers, were to hybridise Cattleya intermedia with Brassavola tuberculata ? AVeil, it is somewhat difficult to say, as so much depends upon circum- stances. The cross might refuse to take; or the capsule, if produced, might contain no good seed; neither of Avhich are at all uncommon occurrences. Even when young plants are produced, a hungry slug will sometimes upset the most carefully devised experiments in a single night. But supposing all the perils incidental to Orchid babyhood safely passed, would the hybridist be surprised if the so- called Cattleya Lindleyana appeared, when the flowering stage was reached ? I confess I should not, on the contrary, I think it most probable that such would be the end of the experiment. There has always been something mysterious about the plant, and more than once I have looked at dried specimens and drawings, and thought of Brassavola. As a good plant hns just flowered at Kew, I thought it worth while to make a careful comparison with possible parents. The result, is, I believe it to be a natural hybrid between the two plants above-named, both of which grow in the province of Santa Catherina, 438 TnE OAnDENEHS' GsnonicLE. [Apetl 6, 1889, South Brazil, whence the plant came. It has de- cided characters of both supposed parents, and may be said to fairly intermediate between tliera, though with a balance of characters in favour of the Brassa- vola. Following the plans proposed for dealing with these bigeneric hybrids, the name Braaso-Cattleya X Lindlevana mav be adopted for the plant. /?. A. Bo(fe. ORCHID FERTILISATION. — At a time when Orchid growing occupies such a j^rorainent jjosition in the horticultural world, I think it would be of interest to many of your readers if some of those gentlemen who have been successful in hybridising would give us the benetit of their experience. Per- sonally I have been fairly successful, but have onh' once succeeded in getting a seedpod on Dendrobium Wardianum.and in this case it got accidentally broken off. This species seems to me more dillicult to fer- tilise than any of the others. What is the reason of this ? It must be easily propagated in its native habitat on account of its abundance, and we are very nearly able to imitate its climatic conditions. 1 see in a recent issue Mr. Smythe claims great success with most sorts, even to Odontoglossums, which have proved so dillicult to most of us ; perhaps he will kindly tell us if he has had success with the above-mentioned Dendrobium. B. B. Whiie. COLOUR OF MARECHAL NIEL ROSES.— I cannot agree with "J." (p. -J04) tliat the age of the plant is the cause of the difference in the colour of this flower; nevertheless the variety is certainly a very variable one, We grow and cut a large number here (from 12,000 to 14,00<;) flowers every year) and I con- sider that the two causes which affect its colour the most are the state of health of the plant and the amount of light which it receives when in flower; and, moreover, when the plants — young or old — are forced into flower by the first week in JIarch, the blooms will never attain the deep colour so much admired, but will vary from almost white to pale primrose; neither will the flowers be so large then as later in the season. And again if the plant has a badly cankered stem, the flowers will come pale on the outside and deep cojiper coloured in the centre, and when this stage is reached the plant soon dies. I should like to see the plant which " J." describes as being nearly forty years old. W. H. Divers, Ketton Hall, Stamford. Like " J.," I have noticed the pale colour of the blooms of this Hose upon young plants. Especially is this the case when the plants are grown from cuttings. Some blooms have been lighter in colour even than Gloire de Dijon. As the plants get older and the growths can be trained under the rafters close to the glass I notice the flowers are of a deeper yellow, and in some cases the blooms are tinted with pale red, this being more noticeable where the blooms were close to the glass. I have noticed that the more vigorous the plants the deeper the colour of the flowers. Plants which are weak in growth, owing to their being badly cankered, alwaya have pale blooms. Flowers ]>roduced upon plants growing out-of-doors — on a south wall, for instance — are generally dee))er in colour than those grown inside, and this is the case where the plants have not been fed with anything beyond clear water. Soil in different localities varies so much that a dif- ference in the colour of the bloonis may be attri- butable to local circumstances rather than to the supplying of liquid manures. S. " GARDENERS NEED NOT APPLY.— Through the instrumentality of the Lord Mayor of London a fund has been raised at the Mansion House for the pur- pose of sending, at least, one working representative each of some seventy to eighty different trades, prac- tised within the metropolis, to the Paris Exhibition, and to that gay capital for the purpose of enabling them to gather all the information possible with respect to their various vocations, and to finally fur- nish reports of the same, to the promoters of the fund for future publication. The list of trades and vocations published seems to include all conceivable of a mechanical kind, but the occujiation of garden- ing is entirely excluded, or it may be said, gar- deners need not apply. Probably the civic authorities would laugh at the inclusion of gardening amongst metropolitan occupations, but doing so would be to ipnore the factthat the supply of fruits, vegetables, and flowers to the metropolis is dependent upon gardening, and there are few things perhaps of which it may be more needful to gntht'r lessons from our Parisian neighbrurs, than in what relntps to the production for market of these thirgs. There is no chance now that the claims of gardening will be recognised by the Mansion House Fund ; but all the same, an admirable opportunity will ofler in a precisely similar direction for the Koyal Horticultural Society if it be so inclined, to provide means whereby a few gardeners may visit Paris and its exhibition during the coming summer, apportioning to each one according to his merits, the duty of reporting upon some special branch of gardening, amongst which the production of fruit and flowers and vegetables for market should have particular prominence. Some £100 would enable ten selected men to make very practical visits, and if qualified, to furnish admirable reports, which would be perused with interest by all not so blessed wiiii experience. A. D. ARNOTTS ELASTIC NAVE.— Kecently I saw a notice in the Ti>iirs, the Field, and other papers respecting the trial in London of a vehicle fitted up with Arnott's patent elastic nave, and it was stated that the oscillation and jerking of the vehicle are greatly reduced by its use. It seems to me that this nave should be of great benefit to nurserymen and florists, as it would ensure the safer transit of their productions, as the breakage and destruction of blooms, &c., now occasioned by frequent removals entail heavy loss upon salesmen and exhibitors. I trust some of your correspondents will be able to give some information on the subject. W. J. Fuller, Exotic ynrseri/, Headivglei/. DECORATIVE PELARGONIUM VENUS.— This use- ful vatiety serves to illustrate what is not an uncommon occurrence — that a variety of some popular flower will remain in cultivation for many years before its obvious good qualities are thoroughly understood and recognised. Venus is one of the large flowering Pelargoniums, and it was raised by Mr. J. Wiggins, twenty years ago, while gardener to Mr. W. Beck, at Worton Cottage, Isleworth. It has a singularly close and compact habit of growth, and every shoot throws out a number of laterals, that ' produce flowers which are pure white, with slight rosy stains on the top petals. The great value of this variety is as a winter bloomer. If grown in a warm atmosphere, it flowers with remarkable freedom all through the winter months. It is probably the best all-round white Pelargonium grown, and, as such, it is largely grown at the Swanley Nurseries by Messrs. H. Cannell &, Son. Cuttings of this variety, taken now, do better than when put in in May. When struck they should be grown on well, and young plants should not be allowed to bloom ; when repotting, the ball should be disturbed as little as possible, and when shifted they should be shaded and sprinkled overhead. They should be got into good growth by August, and then the plants will begin to flower in Xovember, and, if properly treated, will bloom all through the winter. A quantity of plants at Swanley, still blooming, had been flowered for three years, and they were of large size. It precedes white Volont(5 National which makes a good succession to Venus. B. D. LILIES OF THE VALLEY SENT TO AFRICA.— As an example of the possibilities of horticulture, it may interest your readers to know that Mr. T. .fannoch, of the Lily Nursery, Dersingham, Norfolk, recently despatched a small box of Lily of the Valley to Pietermaritzburg. The plants were care- fully packed in a tin box, each root being packed in damp moss, which in its turn was enveloped with lead paper. The roots were, of course, all tightly packed at one end of the box, the other end being left vacant to admit of growth being made. The crowns were just bursting their first foliar envelope, and by the time the parcel reached its destination — a journey of just twenty- four days— the buds were just breaking into bloom, and the plants were in a perfectly healthy condition. ^V. B. FUMIGATING ORCHID-H0USES.~Mr. O'Brien's remarks in the Gonhners Chrouicle f(jr March L'.'l, on pp. SGfi, '"'07, may, perhaps, lead some young Orchid growers into an error in judgment. He there advises, if we read between the lines as well as the lines themselves, the use of smoke only as a last remedy. Our experience here is of quite a dift'erent character to his, and that it can be done, and at intervals, long or short, as the case may bo, we have, I think, fairly proved; but in mir case we can see no "injury to the jilants," either ('attleyas or Odontoglossums. I do not go so far as to recom- mend all hand-clearing should be discarded for use of £ni(.ke alone ; but I eav that the use of smoke at intervals— say of six months — is beneficial; it tindd out a little thrips ])erhaps before the eye is able to see it, and our evidence would go to show that the aphis is less liable to injury hy smoke than tlie thrips. A strung aphis will stand more smoke than a thrips any day; but by a couple of successive smokings most often will be killed. H smoking is v.anted before the blooms get well formed in Odon- toglossums this is the best time to do it, or late in the year, when the spikes are few. Choice of a dull, ^unless afternoon must be studied, or harm will result. The plants here were pronounced by a north countryman who travels largely in the South for a firm of importers in the North, to be " the best lot of Odontoglossum crispum " he had seen ; and thej are supposed to know when to bloom and grow them away North. De B. Craw^hay, Bosrjk-ld, SerejioaAs. GAS-LIME FOR ONION-GRUB, &C.-I should like to corroborate all that Mr- B. Ashton has said (p. 371) as to the use of gas-lime in preventing the ravages of the wireworm and other insects in kitchen gardens. In the early spring of 1880 I took charge of the gardens here. The kitchen garden, "a little over an acre in extent," I found to be com- ]>osed of about IS inches to 2 feet of poor sandy soil, with a subsoil of gravel. I began to crop it in the usual way, and all went well till about the end of May, when the various crops one after tha other began to show unmistakable signs of clubbing. Of Onions, out of a bed of about six rods in extent none was saved owing to the ravages of the Onion- grub, Anthomyia ceparium, and nothing in the way of Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflowers, Broccolis, Savoys, or Cabbage, was fit to send to the kitchen ; but the difl>rent varieties of Kales were not affected. I was determined to see what could be done to prevent such wholesale destruction, and in the autumn and, winter I had every piece of ground trenched that could be got at, and gave it a thorough dressing of gas-lime and salt, and have continued to use a slighter dressing every season since.and am very much pleased to find that, since these dressings have been given, the crops are not molested by the wireworms or by the Onion grub. I employed the gas-lime at the rate of 2 cubic yards and about a quarter of a ton of salt to half an acre of ground when trenched ; but on ground that is only dug in the ordinary way and to be soon cropped, I give it a sprinkling of about half a bushel to the rod. Salt should be omitted from the dressing if the land be heavy. O. Woudf/ate, Warnn House, Khif/bion-on- Thames, Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. Mincii 26. — I'rcscnt : Dr. Jf. T. SFasters, in tho chair ; Messrs. McLachlan, Wilson, Lynch, Veitch, Dyer, and Morris ; Drs. Miiller and Scott, Professor Church, and Rev. G. Ilenslow (Hon. Sec). Cocoa-nut nttacJced hi/ Coccus. — Jlr. JIcLachlan exhibited leaves of a younf; nut received from Jamaica severely attacked by two species of coccus, Fiorinia pelhicida, Signoret, in abundance, and Mytilaspis buxi, Sign. (Jf. Tandani, Colustock), more sparingly. This diseased condition was prevalent in the West Indies. Mr. Morris remarked th.at Cocoa- nuts first appeared to be attacked in 1S81, after the cyclone in 18.S0. He had seen a plantation of 2o,0(J0 trees badly infested. The planters attributed their unhealthy condition in 1881 to the snapping of the roots in the cyclone of tlie previous year, whereby the vitality of the trees being affected by the injury to the roots, they becntne an easy prey to the cocci. The insect attacks the outside 'fronds in the first instance, which gives the appearance of the trees having been ."corched. The older trees were de- scribed as having " blasted fruit." The usual remedies of sulphur spray or kerosene emulsion being impracticable, it was suggested that smoke might be partially elt'ective. Whatever he the remedy applied, Mr. McLachlan observed that it should always be applied just at the time when the larval are being hatched. Kffrcts on I'foii/s of loniliin Fin/. — Air. Dyer sug- gested that statistics should be collected on the nature and effects of Lonilon fog upon jdnnts in and around the metropolis during the winter. He said that they had not much grouud for complaint at AtBii 6, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 439 Kew until tlie winter of 18S7-1888. The fog: proveJ injurious in two waj's. First, in forming an oily deposit of dirt which wa^ left, on all the ghisa huusps. This was so thick and of so intractable a character that every pane had to be washed by hand. The houses looked as if they had slate rooTs insti-ad oi being glaz^"!). The same result occurred in tlie winter of 188S-1S80. Secondly, with regard to the injury to plants, it seemed out of all proportion to the nature of the fog, especially so on Orchids. Thus, eg., when a fog comes on the inflorescence of species of Plialxnopsis breaks up, and the flowers disarticulating fall off. Many plants sutler more or less, and esppcially such as have a more tender foliage. Mr. Dyer remarked that th(i yo;in;^ foliage of a Carpenteria growing on a south wall did not euffer, while another plant under glass, with possibly tenderer fuliage, was severely injured. The fogs extended even as far as Dorking, for Sir Trevor Lawrence lost a large number of flowers in a few hours. Mr. Veitch remarked that he found inju- rious etTects to follow the two kinds of fogs, those caused by London smoke and the ordinary country white fngs. In th^* dull weather accompanying the latter tlowers would not expand properly, as, e.g., was particularly the case with early varieties of La-Iia ancpps. The yellow fogs of London had been getting steadily worse for the last twenty years. Camellias frequently los^t their buds, especially certain kinds, as dt'uble whites. A peculiar feature observed by Mr. Veitch was that the fog seemed to gum up the buds at a certain stage of development, when eith-r before or after that particular period of growth the the buds were unaffected by the fog. He mentions that 1000 flowers of Cattleyas were lost in three weeks. Gii/antlius Elwesi, Diseased. — A letter was received from Mr. Barr, who had fi>r*varded the diseased bulbs on which Professor ]\r. Ward reported at the last meeting. He attributed the presence of the para- sitic fungus indirectly to cnltivation and to too rich a soil from the following facts. In the garden whence the diseased plants had come, Mr. Barr found that they had all disappeared except from places overgrown with grass, and in a wild natural condi- tion. There they were healthy and strong. His impression is, that Snowdrops cannot stand too much cultivatinn. Whether it be the manure or the soft spongy nature of prepared soil he could not say, but with him they die out in such a medium, whereas an escape on the hard margin of a bed grows and flowers well. It is the same with many other bulbs. In the centre of the bed they will perish, while the plants on the edge which has been trodden down will thrive. In an orchard where G. Elwesi was growing they were best in a position near to the roots of trees and in the most shaded parts. Mr. Birr sus- pects that fungus diseases are therefore correlated with uncongenial conditions, and that the cure rests in more attention to Nature's laws. Mr. Wilson obseived that, in his experience, Snowdrops grew well in a rich soil. This was also Jlr. McLachlan's, except that they became double. It, was suggested that, while manure might be the source of the spores of the fungi, Mr. Dyer remarked that no variation in the soil could have had anytliing to do with the production of tlie fungus. It was observed that, like the Cocoa-nuts described, some lowering of vitality appeared to render herbaceous plants more receptive of fungi, and the causes might be various, including high cultivation, which stimu- lated the vegetative system. Rime, Phenomena of. — A communication was re- ceived from the Rev. L. Blomfield, to whom the Secretary had forwarded Mr. Plowright's account of injuries to trees by rime, and the photographs of broken trees, with inquiries if ever he had expe- rienced a similar occurrence. In reply, he said that he had only once seen such excessive rime at Swaffam Vicarage, " when all the twigs of the trees, even the slenderest, were so enveloped in long spicuUc standing out perpendicularly to the length of an inch or two at lea^t, as to resemble bottle- brushes. The effects were injurious in some cases, but not to the extent of large boughs of trees being brok'm." . . . . " Fog combined with a very low temperature and a perfectly still air, I suppose to be essential conditions." Jfr. Flowright for- warded a large bough with several branches broken through and hanging upon it, illustrating the remark- able effects of rime near Lynn. Plants exfiihitcd. — Shortia galacifolia, by H. J. Elwes. a native of the AUeghanies, flowering for the first time in Europe; it appears to be allied to Pyrola. Anoiganthus breviflorus, Baker, a new monotypic genus from Natal with yellow flowers, introduced through Professor M. Foster ; Crocus vernus var. leucorhyncua. Narcissus minimus, brought from the Asturias by Mr. Maw, flowering a fortnight or more earlier tlian tiiosi- in ordinary cultivation. Kylligia monocephala, Symplocarpus ftctidus. Sec. The preceding were brought by Mr. Lynch from t!ie Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, to whom a vote of thanks was given. GLASGOW AND WE3T OF SCIOXLA.ND HORTICULTURAL. Wednesday, March 17. — The first show of the above Society took place in the City Hall, Glasgow, and was slightly referred to last week at p. 402. Opc7t Classes. — The exhibition tables, furnished by the nurserymen and the gentlemen's gardeners, made a splendid backbone for the miscellaneous exhibits, and heightened the general effect. Messrs. Austin & McAzlan had a large and miscellaneous assort- ments, comprising Palms Crotonsand Dracicnas, with Spiraeas, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Heaths, Lilac, and some Orchids — the more prominent being Deutsche Peear, Clematis indivisa, a good Cattleya Jlendelii. Messrs. Smith & Simons had also an px^;ellently-HIIed table, on which Palms, Screw Piues, Crotons, Dracaenas, were ranged with showy sprmg-flowering subj^'cts. and Ferns in variety. Mr. G. Weston (gr. to Morris Carsewell. Esfj., Poltockshaws). bad a very good assortment of plants centred with Kentia Fosteriana, a few of the grosser growing Pandanus. Dracxnas, and Aroids, with several fairly well flowered Azaleas, some good lots of Orchids, chief among which was a very dense panicled Odontoglossum odoratum, Dendrobium Wardianum and D. nobile were also good. Mr. David Wilson (gr. to II. Stevens, Esq., West- head, Kelvinside), had a table corresponding. The plants were not so large, but the variety was as great and generally ornamental, stove and green- house subjects, both fuliage and flowering, and arranged with a capital lot of Orchids, conspicuous among which was Odontoglossum Edwardii, the best imitating violet colour among Orchids we have in cultivation, and from its numerous flowers on the panicle with the orange dash on the crest of the liibellum makes it very telling and effective flower. 0. crispum, (). Pescatorei, and 0. Rossi formed a showy collection. Spring Balhs, Cyclamens, ^^-c. — A very nice diver- sion in the matter of showing, was in the groups of spring flowering plants arranged in a circular ham- per confined to 'Z feet diameter. The competition here was close, the 1st prize going to Mr. J. Miller, Castleknock, Rutherglen, who had an Amaryllis for the centre, then Narcissus, Tulips, Hyacinths, Squills, Crocus, &c. Azaleas were largely represented. A. anicena is always well shown here, the plants being large, and quite pyramids of bloom. The best came from Mr. Hogg, gr. to John Gordon, Esq.. Aitkenhead ; and from Mr. James Miller, gr. to W. C. Stewart, Esq., Castlemilk. Orchids. — The Orchids from Mr. Hogg were excel- lent. Colojgyne cristata had at least 150 spikes of bloom ; DendrobiumVVardianum.magnificentlygrown and flowered; and agood Cypridedium villosum. Mr. D. Mackenzie, gr, to J. Pilcher, Esq., Cathcart, had a beautifully grown Masdevallia Lindeni, full of flower and foliage; also an excellent Odontoglos- sum luteo-purpureum. Rhododcndrom. — Nothing was better than Mr. Gordon's Countess of Haddington, smothered with flower, and in fine specimen size. Princess Alice was also good, and the little flowered, dense trussing, white R. muliiflora. Table plants were limited, the smallest plants carrying off chief honours. The Alpines m pots were pretty, and all well- flowered, by far the best coming from Mr. John Meiklam, Alpine Cot, Bridge of Weir, Paisley ; the Hoop- Petticoat Narcissus, the white and the rose Squills, along with the white Sanguinaria canadensi,s being among the more prominent. Mr. Peter McKenzie, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, had the best table of bulbs. The Tulips here were superb in over thirty sorts, and so were the Crocuses and the Narcissi. Mr. John Sutherland, Lenzie. took first position for IS Hyacinths, of only popular varieties. The first prizes in the gardeners' compe- tition were easily carried off by Mr. jNlcBean, gr, to Mr, Cunningham, of Craigends, who had splendid (for the season) Von Schiller, Grandeur a Merveille, William the Third, Ida, and General Havelock ; Mr. George Irvine, Strahan Villa, PoUockshields, had also a good lot. Tulips were a very large exhi- bition ; Crocuses were also large and excellent. The Chiuoso Piimroses from Mr, John Il-*nderson, gr., PowerviUe, Helensburgh, were excidlent. the plants being quite 18 inches in diameter. There was a spirited competition for plants of Primula obconica, and beautiful they were, the best being cool grown, not leggy, and smothered with tresses of etrective bloom. Vcgctahlcs were a limited show, but the collection from Mr. Donald McBean merits more than cursory notice. His Leeks were very grand, and so were his Parsnips. In addition to these were excellent Carrots, Seakale, Onions, and Rhubarb. Mr. Jas. Miller, Castlemilk, had also a creditable collection. THE ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTI- CULTURAL. This Society held its spring show in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on the cJrd and 4th inst., the show as a whole being one of the best the Society has held at this season. Hgacinths.^A. falling off in the quality was notice- able, .IS elsewhere. In the nurserymens' class of 24, twelve varieties, Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons. Edin- burgh, were placed Ist, and Messrs. Kerr & Son, Kalemouth I-Jursery, Roxburgh, 2nd, the competition being close. In the gardeners' classes, Mr. John Patersou, Millbank, Edinburgh, took first honours, and among amateurs, Mr. Barnie, of Piershill, was a very easy first. Tulips and Narcissi. — These were numerous, and above the average in quality. In the nurserymen a classes of the former, Messrs. Laird & Sons were 1st, and Messrs. Munro & Ferguson, Ahercorn Nursery, Purshill, Edinburgh, 2nd, each staging fine collec- tions. In Narcissi, these two competitors had the compe- tition to themselves, but their relative positions were reversed, Munro & Ferguson being the Ist, Laird & Sons the 2nd. A very interestingand comprehensive collection of Narcissi was exhibited by Messrs, Barr & Son of London, which attracted much attention from horticulturists and the visitors. lahlcs of Plants. — The competition in the nursery- men's class under this head, has fallen off during recent years, Messrs. Laird & Sons being left in undisputed possession of the field. Their tables are always .good, but on this occasion it was marked by much good taste in the arrangement and the dean and excellent culture of the stuff" of which it was composed. The groundwork consisted of dwarf groups of Cyclamen, Lily of the Valley, Cytisus, Azalea mollis, A. indica. Hyacinths, and dwarf Ferns, from the centres of which sprang specimens of Kenti.as, dwarf Tree Ferns, and the like, giving graceful appearance to tlfe whole. The class " A table of hardy Spring Flowers " brought only one competitor—Messrs. Munro & Ferguson, whose plants showed great variety and good culture. Of tables of plants put up by gar- deners there were only two— Mr. Grossart, Oswald House, Edmburgh, taking the first pl.ace with a well-arranged table of yery superior etutV, among which were notable specimens of Cattley aTrianx, Dendrobium Wardianum, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Trichopilia suavis, and other Orchids, tastefully interspersed with diverse flowering plants and Ferns, &c. ; Mr. Donaldson, gr. to H. E. riloss. Esq., Murray- field, I'jdinburgh, was 2nd with a good table. Nurserymen contributed, as usual, several fine tables of plants to decorate the hall, Jlessrs. Ireland & Thomson had a very attractive one of miscellaneous, hardy, and tender f^ubjects, among which Japan Maples, Rhododendrons, Azaleas, Hyacinths, and such like, along with two fine specimens of Araucaria Cookii about 5 feet high were notable. Messrs. Thomas Methven & Sons put in a table of miscellaneous plants, such as Crotons, Palms, Erica?, Acer Negundo variegata. Ferns, and forced plants in variety. Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, and Messrs. Munro & Fer- guson contributed excellent tables of greenhouse and hardy decorative plants. Two GrecenkoKse Rhododendrons. — Mr. Calder, Calderhead, Edinburgh, was a worthy 1st. Hla pair containing a well-flowered plant of a new seed- ling of his own raising— a cross between R. Dalhou- sianum and K. Gibsoni. In habit the form shows more of the characteristics of the latter plant, while the flowers resemble in size and substance those of the former, opening with the fnt of Dalhousianum, but shading to a pure white when fully open, Mr, Robert Greig, Craigend Park, was 2Qd. 440 TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONIGLE. [Apeil 6, 1889. Cape Heaths. — These were, as usual at tliis show, superior. Mr. Paterson had no rival in the class of four jjlants. Mr. Fowler, Grange Road, Edinburgh, was 1st in the class for two plants,"and Mr. McKinnon the 2nd. Orchids. — These were above the average in number and variety, and also in the display of flower. The competition was close in the class for G specimens between Mr. Grossart and Mr. Fraser of Ardarroch, Lochgilphead. The former carried otf first honours with excellent plants of Cattleya Triana?, Dendro- bium densiflorum, D. AVardianura, Cymbidium, Lowii, C. eburneum, aud others. Mr. Fraser's lot was also fine, aud the best plant was one of Den- drobium Wardianum, which was smothered in bloom. Ferns. — Entries in the various classes for these were numerous and the exhibits quite up to the average merit of these shows. First honours in the leading class of four exotic Ferns, distinct, were carried by Mr. John Forbes, Rockville ; in three Gleichenias by Mr. Paterson ; in three Adiantums by Mr. Grossart; in three ]?ilmy l>rns by Mr. Forbes ; and in six dwarf British Ferns, distinct, by Mr. A. W. Anderson, Pilrig Model Buildings. Roses. — Both pot plants and cut flowers were good under this head. Tlie 1st prize lot of twelve dis- tinct in cut flowers from Jlr. Hugh Dickson, were characterised by brilliancy of colour, good substance, and build, and was a good stand representative of Tea and II.P. varieties equally balanced. Mr. Bryson, Helensburgh, was 2nd with some excel- lent blooms of Tea varieties. Jlr. Bryson 'a twelve Marechal Niel, for which he received a 1st prize, were very fine in substance and build. Fruit. — Strawberries, a dish of thirty in number, as exhibited by Mr. Smith, of Oxenford Castle, merited the position taken by them, Vicomtesse Hericast de Thury was the variety, and such colour and finish is so rarely seen on this or any variety in forced fruit, that it was the subject of general remark. In Pines, Mr. Mclntyre, The Glen, Inverleith, carried first honours; Mr. G. McKinnon took the first place for black Grapes, Mr. Smith for white ones. Apples. — The best Apples came from Mr. Robertson, Hartrigge. The best twenty-four kitchen sorts from Mr. Day, Galloway House ; the best twelve dessert pears from Mr. Rother, North Berwick ; and the best twelve kitchen IVars from Mr. Logan. r((/rfai/c5.— There was a small display of very good vegetables, Mr. Kother of North Berwick, and Mr. Bell, of Morton Hall, being among the exhibitors of the best. Mr. Forman showed a group of Skim- mias, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. SCOTTISH HOBTICTJLTTJRAIi ASSOCIATION. The first meeting of the thirteenth session of this Association was held on the 2nd inst., at 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh. The retiring President, Mr. Alex McKinnon, Scone Palace Gardens, introduced Professor Bayley Balfour as the President for the ]jresent year, who on taking the chair expressed his thanks for the honour conferred on him. He had chosen for Ids introductory address, " Variations in Plants," which was of deep interest to horticul- turists. The topic was introduced in order to enlist their interest in observing and recording everything that came under their notice that threw light on the subject. One question much discussed in the scientific world now was :— Are acquired characters transmis- sible from one generation to another ? Many views had from time to time been held from the days of Lamarque's theory that variation was due to external causes only, down to the latest view advanced by Professor Weisman, who held that variations could only be effected by sexual intercourse. The ques- tion w.as of the utmost importance to science, and appealed very directly to the members of the Asso- ciation, because, as practical men, they had many opportunities for observing in connection with the subject. He believed that eventually evidence in favour of the transmission of acquired characters and habits would be conclusive ; but he could not at present point to a single instance in which it could be shown without doubt that it was so. In closing, he thanked the Association for the part they took in the agitation last summer against the proposal of the (iovernment to hand over the Boyal Botanic Gardens to the University. The Botanic Garden was to be retained as a national institution, and he would like to Bee it as far as [jossible a place for horticultural training. A vote of thanks to the President for his interesting address was jieartiiy accorded. Announcement of the awards to the writers of " Essays by Assistant Gardeners," was made as follows : — First Class. — Mr. Duncan Brough, Dalkeith Palace Gardens, for " The best method of securing a supply of cut flowers all the year round." f' cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. Numerous Testimonials, Prices: — J pint, Is. 6rf. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6rf. ; 1 quart, is. Bd. ; ^ gallon, 7s. 6rf.; 1 gallon, 12s. 6d. Ask \ I'tir seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRA'n axd SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12. Market Sti..ct. Mancbeater. BONE FERTILISER. FOR FLOWERS, LAWNS, EASILY USED. ,RBCo B VINES AND VEGETABLES 8IVES SPLENDID RESULTS. I lb. Tin. 9d. By Puicel Post. 1». a lb. Tin, Is. Si. Do. Is. lOd. 28 lb., 6s, ; 6S lb., 10s., Free to Cnrriera. Order from Floritt... or direct from the Makere, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO., BELFAST. Apbii 6, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 443 TRADE MARK. CUPROLENE, THE INFALLIBLE WEED DESTROYER. Tlio i'he;iite^t ftiul best Killer uf Weeib of every tle^criptioii on Carriuye Drives iiud Onrtleu Wulkg \vithout disturbing tlif pravel. U^ied extensively throughout the kinpdom. Riipidty supers i-diiig, by reason of its clieiipnes!!!, efticiioy, ami reliability, all other weed killers. Selection of 150 Testimonialtt post- free on application. Has never failed to give entire satisfaction. Messrs. RlCHAliD SMITH Si CO., A'tirsen/men. Horccffer, icn^es :—" We are pleased to say your Weed Killer is very effective, eleanly to use, and the best we ever tried." PRICES, Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station :- , ixifTKient for 100 gallons of wnter ... £0601 lij Gallona, sufficient for 400 gallons of water ., :iOO ... 0 12 0 I 40 .. ,, 1000 ,, „ ... £12 0 ...2 7 6 5 per cent, discount for cash toitk order on amounts of £1 and tiptvards. To Ireland^ Scotlaiid, and Channel Islands, carriage only paid on 8 gallon?, and over. Sole rROpniEXORS and Manufacturebs — DEIGHTON & CO. {"^"^iiiW^T"), BRIDGNORTH. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. All Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. EUCHABIS MIXE a Thing of the Past. HEATH'S BULB MITE EXTERMINATOR. After many and exhaustive experiments extendiug over a »eries of year?, Mr. Heath the celebrated Gardener at Sedg- wick (a frequent contributor to this Paper), has at length suc- ceeded in producing a chemical compound, which proves fatal to this most destructive pest. His experiments have been watched with the utmost interest, by several Gardening Frieuds. at whose request he has placed it iu my hands to manufacture. In Tins, sufficient for from 50 to 100 Bulbs, according to size, with full directions, Bs. Mamtactured by D. HABTIiEY, Seedsman, Kendal. To be obtained of aU ^ieedsiaen. HEATH'S BOOK OF VIOLETS, 6:1'. post-free. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Twelve Awards of Merit. #€#" <^ er BEST and CHEAPEST GUANO for all hoitlcultural purp ses. The largest number of Awards for any Plant Manure. RCCISTEKEO. Wholesale of W. COLCHESTER, Ipswich. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, aa sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack. Is. St/.; 10 sacks for 125. ; 15 for \~s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 2Ss. ; 2 ton truck free on rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, bs. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6rf. ; 10 for 3ps. Beat Black Peat, 4s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords* Sand, Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 26s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Mo^s, 2s. 6d. per bushel ; 6s. per sack. Charcoal, 2s. 6a. per bushel; &s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, aud Bamboos. Best Baffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3s. per saek. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and Cloth, Is. per lb.; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best nu&lity, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats. Ids. to 18«. per dozen. Virgin Cork. 28 lb.. 5s. 6rf.: 56 lb., 105. ; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HEBBEET ASD CO.. Hop Exchange. Southwark Street. London. S.E. fnear London Bridge). BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' feeporta. Sold in Tins. Is.. 2s- 6rf., 5s. 6rf., and 10s. 6rf. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 1-^. By «11 Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bona Mills, Sheffield. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In baga : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. 3rf. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9rf. ; 14 lb., 4s. ; 7 lb., 2s.3rf. In tins. Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.(Limited), 9. Bull Ring, Birmingham. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. 4^. per bushel ; 100 for 2hs. ; truck Ooose, about 2 tons), 40s. ; 4-bushel baffs. 4d. each. LIGHT BEOWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. M. per sack ; 5 sacks. 2bs. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per nuik, 6 sacks, 22j. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9i. per bushel; 16s. per half ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bu3hel ba^s, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. id. per sack. MANURES. GAEDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.B.H.S., 21, GoUamithls Street,. Druiy Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard), W.C. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of eof t- water ; 4 to 16 ounres as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s, 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 'od. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. BECKETT BROS., CHELMSFORD. Thoroughly Practical HothoTiesBuilders and HeatiDg Engineers. Glasshouse? of every description erected in any part o! the kingdom. First-class worfcmanshipandthevery bestmaterials at thA lowest possible prices. Price Lists, Plana, and Estimates Free, w. H. LASCELLES & co., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, I2i, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.G. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free, 21-OZ. and IB-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free, nnd sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTUEAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. OEOBOE FABMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West ^mltlifleld, London. E.C. stock Lists and Prices on applicationr Please rjuote Chronicle. SAVE YOUR FIRE ~ and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using "FEIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS! FRIGI DOMO'* REGISTERED TRADE MARK For price list & particulars Address* London B/^/OG£ \ The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, STOVES, aud HEATINCi APPARATUS. Hendreforgan Anthracite Smokeless Coal. Tne UNITED ANrHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited), supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nut^ being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist} delivered in truckloads to any Eaihvay Station. This coal is absolutely smokeless, aud it requires much less attention than any other description of Fuel, burning for 12 hours, at least, without any supervision, and giving from 5 to 10 degrees more heat than Coke. OuotatiODS can be had on application to the Company's Offices. 23, Lime Street. London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern. Western, and South- Western districts from Messre. G. B. CARTER A>lt SON, Coal Exchange, E.C. And for the Sffuth-Ea*tern distnct from Messrs. W. POWELL AND CO., Coal Merchants. Greenwich, S.E. T) A ? F I A.— R A P F I A. XV — The very beet material for Tying up Plants and Flowers of all descriptions, about half usual jtrice :—6d. per pound parcel, postage 3rf. firat pound, l^d. each pound after, from the great 'E^ulb Importer. - ROBERT SYDENDA*!, Tenby Street North, Birmingham, 444 THE GABDENER8' CHBONICLE. [April 6, 1889. TRY THE NEW PATENT "VICTORIA" LAWN MOWER. Simple, well made, durable, easy to work, reasonable in price. It possesses unique advantages over any Mower yet introduced. Pricks complete ivith Grass-Boxes :— 9 inches. 11 inches. 13 inches. 15 inches. 28s. 32s. 6d. 38s. 468. FOLLOWS & BATE, Limited, Patentees and Manufacturers of the "Climax." " Manchester," "Tennis," and ■■Royal Prize Medal" Lawn Mowers. 70,000 sold since. 1S69, GORTON. MANCHESTER. •CW To be obtained from all respectable Ironmoneers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom; or, if any difficulty is experienced, direct from the manufactory. PROPACATO^R Made in gufHTior carl hen warp, 14 in. lont;. 6i in. (Icep,and6in. wide. Inside, 2] inctips from tlie top, is a perforated movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttings or seeds is placed, the lower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot- water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual means of utilising them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price 3s. each ; glass shade for top, l5. 6d. extra. Price for any quantity, carriage paid, on application. Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade. I They are well burnt, porous, and of a splen- did colour and ^hape. Samples carriage free. Orchid Pottery of every description. SendforPriceList.— THOS. FASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery. Surrey, S.E Garden Pots. HILL BLACK & SMITH'S VARNISH for Freservlng Ironwork. Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parka, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price l5. 6d. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, Is. 8d. per gallon in casks of 36. 20, or 10 gallons. ^^ » TT m T r\ at Every Cask bears the above C A U 1 1 (J Is . Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMITH Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. VI, Dawson Street, Dublin. CONWAY G. WARNE (Successor to JOHN MATTHEWS), THE ROYAL POTTERIES, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. 21 Gold and Silver Medals forexcellence in Garden Pots, 1 to 40 inches in di- ameter, are oE s u p e r i o r quality, and do not turn green. Stron- gerand better shape than m a c h i n e made pots. A test of over 50 years has proved that Weston Pottery is the best. See Testi- monials. Horticultu- ral Pottery Established 1836. Terra Cotta Vases, Orchid Pots, Pans, &c. Patent Plant and Or- chid Protect- ors, Foun- tains, Statu- ary, &c. Price Lists and samples sent free. Large Book of l)esigns \s. 6rf. Colonial Orders of any descr i ption executed withcnreand dispatch. Note,— The Largest Flower Pot Manufactury in the World. Present Stock over 7,000,000. BOULTON&PAUI Horticultural Builders, ., NORWICH. No. 74.— THREE- aXTABTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13 inches high at front. 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilating. Glazed with best 21-oz. English glass, and painted four coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ ,. 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ „ 20„by6„ 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ CARRIAGE is paid to any station in England and Wales, to Dublin. Cork, Derry, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. CATALOGUES POST-FREE. /i^.s,n/-f/ C/J/V/VO/V S^ LOA/OOA/.£'.C. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florlsta, J BLACKBURN and SONS areofEering Aroh- • angel Mats lower than any other hou^e in the trade ; also Petersburg Mats and Mat Bags, Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5. Wormwood Street. B.C. T70R SALE, 1,000,000 yards of Galvanised X WIRE NETTING; 3.5 tons of BARB WIRE, 'J-pointed, 7 inrhes apart ; 10 tonw of Galvanised 7-ply STRAND ; \\m tons of Solid-d^a^^n STEEL FENCING WIRE, Nos. 4 to K. both Plain and Galvanised; also Galvanised EYE-BOLTS and Screwed EYES for Vineries.— Send for Lists to THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BEST QUALITY ONLY. Pit Lights, 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either 3 or 4 ban for 8 in. or 10 in. glass, 4s. 9rf. each ; or, by the 100, An. 6i. each. li X 3 Rafters, 7s. per 100 feet. 1^ X 2A ,, 6s. per 100 feet. All other materials at equally low prices. Free on Rail. Cash with Order. Send for Quotations. BICHABD TAYLOR, HORTICULTURAL WORKS, EDMONTON. ANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, l^d, per yard ; 10s. per 100 yards ; 25 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free, 4s. ; 4 yards wide, Zd. per yard, 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh. 1 yard wide. 2rf. ; 2 yards wide, 3rf.; 4 yards wide. 6rf. per yard. COTTON NETTING. 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, Id. per yard (best arttile to protect fruit trees, &c.). PILCHARD NETTING, 12 yards wide, 3-inch mesh, 9rf. per yard.— W. CULLINvjFORD, 127. Field Road. Forest Gate. London. E. THOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. 4-in, Expansion Joint Hot- water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4.t. 3rf. each ; 4-in. Socket Hot^water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4s. 6rf. each. /lluitrated revised Price List on application, free. THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price 55. per doz. For Casli with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen, TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE. For training Peas instead of sticks. Training plants towalla, &c. In Panels. 6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 feet by 4 feet ... 3s. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 4s. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 5s. each. Made any size to order at following prices : — 1* in. mesh. ^\d. per foot super. 6 in. 4 in. 3 in. 2 ii 2d. 3d. Z^d. 4rf, Illustrated Catalogue on Application. J. J. THOMAS & CO. 87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. « 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. (" Carriage 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. larger si:es nt proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders mid Knginpprs. RojhI TlorticuUiirni Works, Mlddleton, MancheBter. London Agent— Mr. H. J^kelton. Seedsman, &c., 'J, Holloway Bead, N. and Facklng Cases FREE :li 0 2 15 8 10 Apsil 6, 1889.] THE gasdenehs' chuonicle. 445 GARDENER'S APRONS— Sent post-free, from 'is. to as. \0d. each. They are made of serge aii.f shalloon, ami are .''9 inches Ion-;. Samples free on application. JAMES C-\LDER. 2S. Hcywood Grove, Brooklauiis, near ^fanchester (lat« of 4Sti>, Oxford Koaii). GARDEN REQUISITES, — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork. Eaffia. Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, «c. Cheai>e3t Prices of WATSON AWD SCULL. tfO. Lnw«r ThamAx Street. Txindon. K.O. RCIIANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia Mata and RiifHa at lower prices than supplied by any other firm; also all kinds of Shadings, Nettings, Canea, and other Sumiries at Wholesale Prices to the Trade onlv. MARENDAZ AND FISHER. James Street. Covent Garden. W.C. G ARDEN NETTING,— 100 square yards in one piece, 2s. 6rf., cash with oriicr. E. A. NORTKEY, AiKlionoer, Plymouth. Garden Nettings, Hothouse Sbadlngs, Tiffany. GARDEN NETTIXGS, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS, TIFFANY, RIGBY, WAINWRIOHT and CO., Manufacturers, Neptune Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDING tor Florists. ETTING, Tanned and Waterproof, of all kinds, for Garden purposes. Cheapest house in the Trade. Write for samples and prices before ordering elsewhere. Numerous testimonials. SPASHETT Axu CO.. Net Manufacturers, Lowestoft. HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c., constructed on our improved plan, are the perfeetiou of grooving houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equalled. We only do one class ol work, Uld that THE VERY BEST. ConserVEltorles and Winter Gardens dpsipned architecturally correct Tvithout the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot- water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Uelon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., always in stock. Flans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. THE NEW INSECTICIDE. LITTLE'S _^]S[XIPEST""™'"'S MIXES INSTANTLY WITH "WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself the Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Fiat Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUART, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE~& SON, DONCASTER. MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating: Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat greenhouses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses. Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the beot kind of Boilers. Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is GO a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical bintfi on the subjects of which it treats, the result- of many years" experience. PrlCfi 2s. poSt-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by u.s in various parts of thp country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by ua enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, atpricns which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. GLASS. CHEAP GLASS. 8s. Sd. per ItiO (eot 16 oz. 12X10, 18X12, 18X14, 24X14, 14 X 13, 20 X 12, 18 X 18, 24 X IB, 12fl. per 100 feet ai oz. ... 16x12, 10x14, 20x16, 24X18, do. Putty, 6.^. 6(/. percwt. ; Wliite Lead, genuine, 21^.; Our Speciality, 17s. iW. percwt. ; I'aints ground in Oil, Stone Oclire, 20s.; Oxford Ochre, 24s.; Green, 16s.; Black, 16s. per cwt.; Varniah, from ^a. 6rf. per gal.— Full Price J.iat on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY, 96, Bishopsgits Street Within, London. E.G. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE BEST REMEDY FOR INDIGESTION. NORTON^ CAMOMILE PILLS. Are confidently recommended as a simple but certain remedy for ^* INDIGESTION «^ S«9 TeBtimouial, selected from hundreds;— CROYDON, i8Ss. " Having been a sufferer from Indi- gestion for many years, I am happy to say that I have at last not only been relieved but perfectly cured by using Norton's Pills, and confidently recom- mend them to all suffer inv from the same. "7. WILKINSON." For other Testimonials, see Mojitkly Magazines, Sold everywhere, price \s. \\d., 25. gd. and 115. VOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE J- INDEPENDKNT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION. 272. Kegeat Street, London. W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. ADVERTISER wishes !o treat with a Nursery- man requiring a practical MANAGER with a view to PARTNERSHIP or PURCHASE. Highest references given and required. — Apply, F. M. P., o90. Mare Street, Hackney, N.E. WANTED, by a first-class Continental Firm, a REPRESENTATIVE to TPAVEL on COMMIS- SION in Great Britain, for Selling all kinds of Horticultural Produce. Must be experienced, sober, and business-like. Send particulars to E. G., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. LORIST AVANTED, to take charge of the Hardy Florist's Flower and Herbaceous Department, an active, methodical, and clear-headed young man, of good address, and having not les^ than eight years' practical Nursery Training. Wage?; to commence at 2\s. per week, advancing, and permanent situation to suitable party.— Apply, with full particulars of traiuing. age, &c., to STOWIE AND STOWIE, Florist?, Dundee. ANTED, a SIiNGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER.— Can any Lady or Gentlemjin recommend a Gardener that understands Green and Hothouse Work, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Dogs, Poultry. Pets; and one who is will- ing to make himself generally useful. Married. Not to live on the Premises. Wages ^8s. per week. No perquisites. Medium size Green and Hothouse, and Compact Garden of an Acre.— Apply, by letter, to S. S., Lavington, Putney Heath, Surrey. ^y ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- VV DENER, to take care of Greenhuu>*3 and Garder. — State wages and full particulars to F. li. (letters only), Mounttield. 108. Upper Tulse Hill, London, S.W. WANTED, an UNDER GARDENER, who understands Growing Flowers and Vegetables for Sale. One preferred who^e wife could Wash for the family. —J. M., 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ANTED, a FOREMAN, for the Houses] Must be thoroughly experienced in Plant and Fruit Culture and Orchids. None need ajply whose cliaraoter will not bt'ar the strictest investigation. Wages. 18,';. per week, and Bothy and vegetables.— THOS. WILKINS, The Gardens, Inwood House, Henstridge, near Blandford. 446 THE GAEDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Aphil 6, 1889. Eitclien Garden Foreman. WANTED, a strong active married man, as WORKING FOREMAN. — Apply to MANAGER, Frythesden Gardens, Berkhampstead. WANTED, a thoroughly experienced WORKING FOREMAN. Cut Flowers, a specialty for Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. Best references for ability, honesty, and sobriety required. Address, with references, age, and wages expected, to W. TROUGHTON, Nurseryman, Hreston. WANTED, a JUUKNEYMAN GROWER, one used to the London Market Trade. Married preferred. — State age and wages required, to S. HARVEY, Blyth Street Nursery. Nottingham. WANTED, a few young MEN, fexperienced in Cucumber Growing. — State wage.«, and send copies of referenoes. to A. MATTHEWS, Durant'3 Arbor Ntiraery, Ponder's End. WANTED^ a young MAN, to Gjcow. Cucum- bers and Tomatoa for Market. Used toJjondonMarket Trade preferred. — Stating particulars to A. MAWER, Claren- don Nursery, Sale, Cheshire. ANTED, FOUR quick active young MENf, where Grapes, Tomatos, and Cucumbers are Grown extensively for Market.— JOHN ROCHFORD, Page Green Nurseries, Tottenham, London. '\TV7'ANTED AT ONCE, TWO Young MEN T T in Market Nursery, one for Stove Department, with fair knowledge of Propagating, the other for General Work under Glass. Must be a quick Potter. Situation permanent to suitable persons ; wages progressive. State all particulars, ■with references, to TURNER BROS., Green Hill Nursery, AUerton. Liverpool. WANTED, a competent young MAN, experi- enced in Grafting Clematis. Roses. Rhododendrons. &c. — Apply, stating experience, references, and wages ex- pected, to EDWfN MURRELL, Nurserymaid. Shrewsbury. ANTED, a KNIFEMAN, expert Budder. Permanent situation to suitable man. — Apply, stating ■wages, testimonials, to No. 108, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, a YOUTH, used to Market Nursery Work, to mix Pottings and Tying up. and make himself generally useful.— T. BALDWIN asd SON, Edith Nursery. Burchall Road, Leyton. WANTED, a strong active young MAN, accustomed to Watering. Potting. Tying. Fires, &c. Wages. Ifjs.— GROSS. Nurseryman, Leytonstflne. N.E. ANTED, a trustworthy MAN, who under- stands Buying at Early Market and attending to Private Contracts for Plants.— .Ipplv, GOOD, I04a, Mount Street, W. WANTED, a young Man, as PORTER, accustomed to Packing Plants, &c. — WILLIAM PENMAN. 7. Catherine Street. Covent Garden, W.C. To Florists. WANTED, MANAGERESS, for our City Shop. Highest references required ; and must be really first-class hand at Wreaths. Crosses. Bouquets. Button- holes. &c. Apply personally.— WHARTON a\d CO., 65, Pall Mall, S.W. WANTED, a Young Woman, as FLORIST and SALESWOMAN, for a First-class Shop; Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables combined. — Apply, stating wages required, with references, to .T. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. QABDfiiriNa APFOINTMEITTS. Mr. fi. Braddy, late Gardener at Watcombe Park, Torquay, has been appointed Head Gar- dener to .7. H. Lermitte, Esq., The Knightons, East Finchley, Middlesex. Mr. .T. Hill has been appointed Gardener at Babraham Hall, Cambridge. Mr. V. LiOT, lately of The Lodge, Farnham Royal, Bucks, has been appointed Gardener to C. Bathubst, Esq., Lydney Park, Gloucester- shire. Mr. Nf,il Sinclaib, Head Gardener for the past iifteen years at Easthampstead Park, Berks, has been appointed as Gardener to A. Wynne COBRIE, Esq., Park Hall, Oswestry, Salop. Mr. C. A. Long, Foreman in the Gardens, Bloxholm Hall, has been appointed Head Gar- dener to Sir Thomas Wiuchcote, Aswarby Park, Folkingham, Lincolnshire. WANT PLACES. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving ftpDlicationa from Gardeners, seeking situations, and that they ■will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurscrit^s. Won-t^nter. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents. STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTEH and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 238, High Holbom, W.C. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING AND SONS can at present recommend ■with every confidence several encrpetic and practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of GAKDENERS and BAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate EsUiblishments or Single- handed Situations, can be suited and have full part'culars by applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill. London, S.E. BS, WILLIAMS begs to intimate that he • has at present in the Nursery and upon his Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEY- MAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Holloway, N. Scotch Gardeners, Foresters, and Bailiffs. JOHN DOWNIE (of the late firm of Downie & Laird), has at present on his Register several very superior MEN whom he can recommend with every confidence for Large Establishments or Single-handed places. Full par- ticulars given on application. — 144. Princes Street, Edinburgh. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB, LAIKD AND SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS. FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased tofurnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. GAKDKNER (Head).— £-.> Bonus given by Advertiser to anyone procuring him a situation as above. — HORTUS. H. Loader, Kirkdale Nursery, Sydenham, S.E. GARDENER (Head) ; age ,35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady or Gentleman who is in wjint of a thoroughly competent man, they can be accommotlated by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT, Burghlcy Gardens. Stamford. GAKDENER (Head); age 3:3, married.— A. GOODEN, Norton Atherstone. would be pleased to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good all-round man. Can be highly recommended. Seven- teen years' experience. GARDENER (Head); age 28.— Mr, John McKenzie, Linton Park Gardens, Maidstone, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, James Hughes, for the past five years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough good man. ARDENER (Head).— A Lady can confi- dently recommend her Head Gardener. Most con- scientious, and highly experienced in Growing good Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables, ami Chrysanthemums. Abstainer. — G.H., The Grove. Stanmore, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head). — A Gentleman who is reducing his Gardening Establishment wishes lore- commend his Head Gardener. He is thoroughly experienced in all branches of the profession, and has held his present position for tea years.— Address, H.G., Street &. Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. GARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married.— A Ge.vtlkman giving up his Garden, wishes to highly recommend a thoroughly practical, trustworthy, euprgetic man. First-class Fruit, Vegetable, and Plant Grower. Twenty years' experience in good establishments. — G. WARRINGTON, 135, Dulwich Road, Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Thirteen years' practical experience in all branches. Highest references ; abstainer. — P. W., 5, Laura Place, Holland Park Road, Kensington. W. ARDENER (Head WoniaNG).— Age 32, married, one boy (8 years) ; sixteen years' experience in all branches. Two years' good character, five and a half pre- vious. Good testimonials. Country preferred, — G. SOUTH- COTT, Cooper's Cottages, Pinner Road, Sudbury, Middlesex. ARDENER (Head Working). — Single ; Re-engagement desired in a place where ability and integrity would be appreciated. Tlioroughly practical in all branches. Excellent character. Abstainer. — M, M., 283, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married, no family. — W. H, Divers. Head Gardener for J. T. Hopwood. Esq.. Ketton Hatl, Stamford, will be pleased to recommend a man to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a honest, indu'^t^iou9, and efficient Gardener. /GARDENER (Head Working), where two VJ or more are kept. — Age 44, no young children; thorough practical man ; five years' tirst-class character ; experienced in Vines, Stove and- Greenhouse Plants, and Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Garden. Southern counties preferred.— J, COPPER, Bryn Edwin Hall, Flint. GARDENER (Head Working), where several are kept, — Age 30, single at present ; aixieen years' experience. Well recommended by present and previous em- ployers. Widowed mother to keep house, — HURST. The Rookery, St. Mary Cray. GARDENERr(HEAD Wobking).— Married when suited ; sixteen years' experience in \'ine''. Pines. Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower mid Kiti-hen 448 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [AfBiL 6, 1889. JAMES T. ANDERSON, 135, COMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E., Supplies, at specially low prices, the following Horticultural Requisites : — - TOBACCO PAPER and RAG, RUSSIA MATS, STICKS and LABELS, RAFFIA FIBRE, COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, HAMPSHIRE PEAT, COARSE SILVER SAND, SEED BAGS and SACKS, ROPES, LINES, and TWINES, SHADING CANVAS, GARDEN HOSE and FITTINGS, GARDEN NETTING, GARDEN TOOLS and CUTLERY, SYRINGES, PUNNETS and TRUCK BASKETS. PRICES ON APPLICATION. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. FnoM To W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Stband, LONDON, W.C. . . 1889. Please cenmieneing _ send me "The Gardeners' Chronicle" for , for which 1 enclose P. 0.0. Months, 13° Please note that all Copies sent direct from this Office must be paid for in advance. THE UNITED KINGDOM : — 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. Hd. ; 3 Months. 3s. fdd. ; Tost-free. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. m. for Twelve Months. India and China, 19s. &d. Receipts for less than aix months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P. 0.0. to he made payable at the Post Offiee, No. 42, DRURY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheoiif> nhnuld he oro»iied " DRmTMOND." April 6, 1889. SANKEY & SON'S WORLD FAMED GARDEN POTS, Confine themselves ' solely " to the manufacture of "GAR- DEN POTS." Tlirough the study of half a century, they have ac- quired the secret of 'Izi- CHEAPEST - :. .-^-P RICES S. proper materials to be mixed with the clay in order to produce a " Garden Pot " in which all plant life win flourish. This is acknowledged by the trade ; and the result is that their " Garden Pots " are "■ used by all successlul growers from Aberdeen to Penzance, also In the Channel Isles, Ireland. New Zealand. &c. No Waiting. Millions In Stock. Press Opinions of Sankey'a Famous Garden Pots. ;:vk7^s ambles fri •• A ni;irvi-lli.iis contrast to the ordiiuiry (liinl.n I'ot in streiit^lli, lij^litiiess, brillimit colour, nnd finish."— C/'riRi,M. Huntingdon, write :— " Your Pots an- liglit and strong ; lirst-claHH colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a ijuarter of Me.sirs. Pi:ah.son & Sov. Cliilv made the last year or two.' ury. nd finish. Used them for a ijuarter of a eenlu _ ■11 Nurseries, Notts, write :— " Have always found tliem thoroughly satisfactory in every way ; we may especially congratulate you on the improvement you hav. Mr. W. Bull, h'^^, King's Road. Chelsea, London, writes: — " For nearly thirty years nnw I have tieen using your pots, and still tind Ihem the belaud cUi'i ped Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Busineaa Letters to "The Publisher," at the OlTice, 41. Wellington Slj:eet, Covent Garden, L ndon. W.C. Printed by WiLLiAM RICHARDS, at the Olfice of Messrs. Bradbury, Aonkw. & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars. City of Ix)ndon, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the aaid William Richards at the OlBce, 41, Wellington Street. Parish of St. Paul'g, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, April 6, 18B9. Agent for Manchest-r— John Hicvwood. ESTABfJSHED No. 25LM. No. I2O.-V0L. V. {iZTs} SATUEDAY, APRIL 13, 1889. /Regt. as a Newspaper. /PrIOE 3d» \wiTH su PPL EM ENT.\ Post-free, 3Jii. S^ NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. I Fkiday xkxt, April 111, beini/ Good Friday, t/ie " Gabdeners' Chronicle " will be pu/i- lisheil un TmiiSDAY, April 18. Advertisements for next week must therefore reach the Office not later than Wednesday Morning, April 17. CONTENTS. Apiary, the Asparagus, evergreen ... Book :— Key to the Plants of Victoria Botanical Ma^tuine Camellia Jubilee Catasetum Bungerothi, female form of... „ sexuality ill Chlorosis Uaffodil. rot in tlit^ Daffodils, a group of Figs Flower garden, the Fog tjalanthua Fosteri txardeners' Orphan Fund 'iardeuing appuintments Garden implements, his- tory of Gardeners' Royal Benevo- lent In^titutioD Growth Hardy fruit culture ,. .. garden Hepaticas ... Kew. plants in flower at Kitchen garden, the ... Illustrations, Catasetum Bungerothi, male and female forms 461 Uaffodib, a group of. (See Supplement.) .. key plan 464 Rime on trees, effect of 469 Narcissus grown in water 460 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vert isemeJits occupying less space than an entire column. mHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -L IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84.30 for T.velve Months. Agent forAmerica:— E. H. LIBBY. "The American Garden," 751, Broadway, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. 4ii; Lawi- 4;u Bremond r. Isaac 472 Bissetu. Siora 47a Market, an impromptu... 46.5 466 Market garden notes ... 459 46.-. Narcissi, a way to grow . 46» 469 Odontoglossum nebulo- sum var. candidulum . 4SH 461 Oak tree, rime on 4.i9 460 Orcnard fruits 469 46-J Orchid notes 467 4.i9 Orchids at Chislehurst ... 4fi,'< 46.1 Plums in Bosnia 466 469 Rhododendron Princess 4B,H Alice 469 4liS Rime on trees, effect of... 461) 4.^ Rose Gloire de Dijon 469 4B.i Royal Horticultural So- 47H ciety 46.1 S.Uviu gesnerfeflora 469 457 Societies :— Linnean 472 469 Royal Bolanic 471 466 Royal Horticultural ... 4711 464 Stachys 466 46:i Stock-taking. March ... 46S 470 Tradescaotia zebriua ... 471) 4S9 Xylobium corrugatum ... 4W 463 ,, leoutoglossum 45a w OL^ERHAMPTOX HORTICULTUKAL SHOW and FLOR.AL FETE. Jl'LY 16, 17, and 18. Open to all England Classes for PLANTS and P,OSES. Gentlemen's Gardeners' Classes open to Staffordshire, Shrop- shire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. For Schedules, &c., apply to the Hon. Secretary, W. A. GREEN. Junr., Corporation Street, Wolverhampton. CLAV CROSS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ANNUAL SHOW will be held on TUESDAY, August 13. For Scheilules. apply to G. LAMB, Eldon Street, Clay Cross, Chesterfield. ILIUM AURATUM. — The GOLDEN- f RAYED LILY of JAPAN can now be purchased in cases containing 60 tine Bulbs, at 2ok. per case, sent free to any Rail- way Station in England and Wales on receipt of Postal Order for 23s. 9rf. Cases containing 100 fine Bulb3, price 40s. Fine and sound Bulbs. 4s., tis., 9s.. 123., antl 1S5. per dozen. CARTERS'. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. NEW AVHITE GLOXINIA VIRGINALE. — This is a sterling Novelty. Flowers are large, erect, and of good substance. Pure white. Strong bulbs, just starting. '2s, 6ff. each ; 24.!. per dozen. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Stanstead Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. GEORGE LEE, F.R.II.S.,has a few thousands of COUNT BRAZZA VIOLET ; runners, tine for plant- ing out, to make plants for autumn and winter frames, at 2.5jf. per 1000.— Clevedoii, April 6. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied. 5 feet. 6 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGIIORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Barr's Descriptive List of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARE AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. RGODDARD, Commission Salesman. • Several years with Mr. Buc;k. Florist, Centre Avenue, Covent Garden. All Consignments receive personal attention, and are Sold at Best Price-..— 24, Russell Court, W.C. ; and at FlowHf Market. Covent Garden, W.C. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BAKNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. Alldebts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (kte Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Muscats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans ; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H. Squelch'a trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in Lontion and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices, Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. OOPER AND CO. (Limited), are in a position to guarantee the highest Market Prices for EUCHARIS. LILY of the VALLEY, ROSES, ORCHIDS, ARUM LILIES, and every description of Cut Flowers. Com- municate with Commission Department. HOOPER ASD CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, London, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden. London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — " COMMISSION, SIDCUP." W. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Bamham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. /"IHOICE FRUIT and FLOWERS.— Highest KJ Market Prices Guaranteed. Prompt Cash.— HENRY RIDES, Fruit and Flower Salesman. Covent Garden, W.C. ANTED, rooted Layers of CARNATIONS, Souvenir de Malmaison. Old Red Clove, Dr. Raj mond, and any other best sorts, for cash at per 100, to COLLINS AND SONS. Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction, N.W. To the Trade. ANTED, 100 Black Hamburgh VINES, 1-yr.. in pots. Apply with lowest price to E. POND, The Vineries, St. Lawrence, Jer«;ey. w Barr's Spring Catalogue. Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork, and Cutting, contains a select List of HiUH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivatea plants only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and Vi, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. BUTTON'S FLOWER SEEDS for O SOWING in APRIL.— A splendid Collection of Sutton'i Asters, including a packet, mixed colours, of 10 beautiful varieties, [X)St-free, for 10s. 6rf. A similarly excellent asKort- ment of Sutton's Teu-week Stocks, 6 packets, mixed colours, in offered for 4s. ^d., post-free. For f.ill particulars, see SUTTON'S AMATEUR'S GUIDE, Price Is. SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. FLOWER. — Great Cutblooms on application. NARCISSUS now IN display — Inspection invited. DICkSONS (Limited), The Nurseries, Chester. CUT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c.— Best class of customers in district for good flower-. Sales, WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Night all the year round. Daily, when required. Largest and most centrally situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham,— POPE akd SONS, 6, Phillip's Street (close to Market Hall), Birmingham, SPECIMEN HOLLIES.— Best Green and Variegated sorta, in fine Pyramids and Standards. An Immense Stock. Sizes and prices on application, Alw Speci- men CONIFERS in great variety. Now ia the time to plant. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants. Worcester, SOLOMON AND SON, Florists, Winchmore • Hill. N. ; 22, 23, and 372. Flower Market, Covent Gaiilen, W.C. CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, 2s. per lOO-Dwarf Erfurt. Early London. Lenormand, Walcheren. CALCEOLARIA PLANTS, Golden Gem, .'is. per 100. EDINILLA MAGNIFICA, 4 feet by 4 feet, £1 lOf. Cuttings with two leaves 4'ible order. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in liiflSALE by AUCTION at hin Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent Garden. WC, on THURSDAY NEXT, April 18. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Thursday Next, April 18. PHAIUS TUBEKCULOSUa, \ HUMBLOTI. f Three of our grandest Also the new and splendid f discoveries. PHAIUS HENRYIL J MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. April 18, at half past 12 o'clock precisely, the above extraordinary ORCHIDS. Col- lector has just arrived with this splendid consignment, and ihe plants are in the finest possible order. The Sale will also coa- tein bO choice Hybrid CYPRIPEDIUMS. a fine plant of the rare Odontoglossum nevadense, several plants of the true Odontoglossum ntevium majus, La^lia grandis, about 500 im- ported CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA, lOO ANGR-ECUM SES- QUIPEDALE, 2.T A. Sanderianum, imported Odontoglossum Aleiaudrie from the best district, Cymbidium ebumeum, Vanda cuerulea, Dendrobes of sorts, and many other Orchids. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. A Portion of the Well-known Collection of Orchids. formed by Captain Huicks, of Thirsk. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Captain Huicks (in consequence of his houses being overcrowded) to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C.. towards the end of APRIL, a portion of his well-kno«n Collection of ORCHIDS, including some fine specimens and choice varieties. Date and fuller particulars in next Advertisement. Isle of Wight. To Nurserymen, Florists, Speculators, Builders, and others. The VALUABLE and OLD-ESTABLISHED NURSERY GROUNDS, known as " Shide Cross Nursery." with comfortable Dwelling House, 8 large Glass and Fetrctng Houses (with heating appliances and every convenience for carrying on a lucrative business). Stabling for 7 Horses, and enclosure of Meadow Land, the whole containing an area of about 2^ acres. This property, being in a high and healthy position on the contines of the borough of Newport, commanding fine and extensive views of the interior of the Island and the Hampshire Coast, is admirably adapted for the erection of a gentleman's resi- dence, and having extensive frontage to 2 roads of 820 feet offers every facility for immediate profitable develop- ment as a Building Estate. It is also very suitably placed for persons requiring a Poultry Farm. MESSRS, FRANCIS PITTIS and SON will SELL by AUCTION, at the '■ Bugle Hotel," in Newport, on WEDNESU.IY NEXT, April 17, IStBS, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, by direction of the owner. Mr. Gould, the above VALUABLE FREEHOLD PROPERTY, with possession. Vendor's Solicitor, K. RC-VCH PITTIS, Newport and Cowes. Horticulturists, Sundrlesmen, and Otheia. In Bankruptcy. By order of the Chief OIHcial Receiver. ESTATE ot BENJAMIN FIELD, Paragon Road, New Kent Ro.id, S.E. MESSRS, IZARD, DAWE, and IZARD, will SELL by TENDER, in Two Lots, on WEDNES- DAY NEXT, April 17, at 12 o'clock, STOCK of a HORTI- CULTURIST'S SUNDRIESMAN. with loose Trade Fitting, and Office Furniture of the estimated value of £100: also LEASE ot WAREHOUSE, 19 years to run at £50 per aniMim, with Trade Fixtures and Goodwill c( the Business. For furds to view and further liarticulnrs, apiit\ al ttu Auction Otlices, 117, Cannon Street, E.C. To Gentlemen, Florists, and Others I TO BE SOLD, as a going concern, a VALU- | ABLE FREEHOLD NURSERY and BUSINESS, contain- ing about 4 acres, 28 large and well-built Greenhouses (ill fully stocked), 2 Coach Houses, 2 Stables, large Office, 4 Sheds, 3 Vans, Cart and 2 Horses, and other reiiuisites. Situate w.ith- in 4 miles of West End. First-cKass opiKirtunity for the form- ation of a syndicate or Company. Every convenience for carrying on an extensive and jtrohtable busineas. Apply, EYD.MANN axd SON, Auctioneers, &c,, Acton, W. Hampton-on-Thames. FOR SALE, at very low reserves, LAND well adapted tor Fruit Growing, Glass Erections, &c., in large or small quautilies. Apply to Mr. J. EMBLETON, Suffolk House, New Hampton. Rodmersham, near Slttlneboume, Kent. ''r'O liE LET (with immediate possession), a X lomfortahle HOUSE, with about 3 Acres of tirst-class Fruit Plantation, tj Glass House, nnti Premises, all in good working order, held (with other Premises let off and producing £55 12.«. per annum) under Lease which c^n be renewed. Apply to Messrs, JACKSON and SONS, Valuers, &c., Sittingbourne. To Fruit and Market Growers. TO BE LET, on LEASE, about 1 acre of LAND and numerous GREENHOUSES, well slocked with FruitTrees and Vines, attached to a Private Residence. Most satisfactory terms tor renting will be made to a substtxn- tiol tenant. Full particulars on applic.ilion toMesBrs. PROTHEROE AXI> MORRIS, 07 and 6S, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C. To Nurserymen and Rose Growers. TO LET on LEASE, LAND specially adapted for Nnrsery and Rose Growing purposes, sitnate a few minntra from a main line and .luiu-tion Rnilway Station, twenty mitc4 from London. Apply to A, H,, Auction Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, City. JAPANESE LILIES.— EIGHT LOVELY KINDS.— Carters' Case of 50 tine Bulbs, as imported from the Japanese Bulb Farmn. Price IJfis., sent packinp aod carriage free to any Railway Station in England and Wales oa receipt of Postal Order for 2.1s. 9d. Full names of the eight varieties on application to CARTERS', Royal Seedsmen, 237 and 238, High Holbom, London, W.C. Apbil 13, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 451 B I G SALE. UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT FROM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE. .\FTER TWENTl-.FOUR YE.IRS' TEN.4NC'Y. RENTS REQIFLARLY PAID. THE ABOVE ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN HY ST. .JOHN'S COLLEGE, CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to clear at any price, mag- nlflcent RHODODENDRONS, 5 to 7 feet high, unequalled In the Trade. Buyer:* must book toSumiingdale Station, S.W.R. CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT. O R C H I dY. THE UVERPOOL HOBTICULTURAl CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Htivt' )ust reoeived fine importations of the folIo\\ inj^, ami many other ORCHIDS : — DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM. „ INFUNDIBULUM. „ FORMOSUM GIGANTEXIM. „ DENSIFLORUM. „ CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM. SACCOLABIUM BLUMEI MAJUS. AEBIDES CRASSIFOLIUM, and many others. Full particulars. Post-free, en appli,-attoi> !■' THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTOX, near LIVERPOOL. GRANDEST VIOLET Known.— Dark Douhl^ Violtt ^^CTORIA (three First-class Certiilcates), price reduced to 9s. per dozen, good plants, full of buds. Also my new VIOLA SXOWFLAKE (four First-class Certificates), at 12s. per dozen. Terms. Cash with order to Mr. .1. CHAMBERS, Westlake Nurseries, Isleworth, W. FOR SALE, about 50 1-yr. VINES in Pots, Planting Canes, including the best sorts, will be offered cheap. Also a large quantity of strong DAHLIAS, pot roots, including many of tlie best sorts for quotations. Apply to W. SHAND, Nurseryman, Lancaster. ''pO CYCLAMEN GROWERS.— I am offering J- my entire beautiful strain of above, of 8000 plants half of them have 10 petals on one blossom, with beautiful marked foliage and very large llowers now in blossom, and can be seen at any time.— For particulars apply to ARCHBALD STREETER. Avenue Nursery, Grays. HRYSANTHEMUMS.—Cheapoffer of Strong plants; M. Marthe, Sa>ur Melanie, Ethel, and a few others good for Cutting ; Gs. per 100, carriage paid, for Cash. .r. W. CHAPMAN, Florist, Ramsgate. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX, Green, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. Varieeated, 3, 4, 5. and 6 feet. PINUS AUSTRU.CA. 3, 4. 5, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. A>'THONY WATERER, Knap HiU Nursery, Woking, Surrey. STANDARD and HALF-STANDARD, Autumn Budde.I TEA ROSES, in pets (Bride's Niphetos, &c.), just started from dormant buds. 12s. per dozen, 90s. per 100; Larger Trees, nice heads in bloom buds, ISj. per dozen. W. DAY, Sandygate Rose Nurseries, Sheffield. CTRAA\BERRIES.— Good Plants of all the O best of the new and old varieties. One of the largest Gro-wers in the Trade. Stocks true. Prices reasonable. Send for Special Descriptive LIST free. JOHN WATKINS, Fr\iit Grower, Pomona Nurseries, Withington, Hereford. OSACANINA URALENSIS SEED.— The best and most hardy Wild ROSES for Grafting: price per 33 lb. package, 305., delivered at St. Petersburg. Orders for fresh 1889 Seed from the Orenburg Heaths are already booked by K. NIEMANN, Imperial Botanic Gardens, St. Petersburg. Eucharis Blooms for Easter. RBULLEN, Lewisham, is now Booking • Orders for any quantity ; 8.S. per dozen, packing free, ca-sh with order. OR SALE, Specimen Plant of DAVALIA CANARIENSE FERN. Price £1 lOj., or EXCHANGE for TUBEROUS BEGOXLIS. Apply to W. GREY. Mackney, Ballinasloe, Ireland. EAKALE.— Strong crowns for April plant- ..„',°A' j,''.??,'U5'*'''P"''">' Carriage paid. Trade supplied. ■WILL TAYLER. Oabom Nursery, Hampton. Middlesex. s PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many- sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS K. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrev ond Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. A WELL-STOCKED GREENHOUSE.— -TV ABUTILONS, all the beat and uewest; 12 fine sorts, lis. dd. BEGONIAS (evergreen class), fine for 'summer or winter; (3 fine sorts. Is. 9rf. HELIOTROPES (Cherry Pie), fnigrnnt and free bloomer-.. best new and old .sorts; V2 for 'Js. (Sil. LANTANAS, fire for greenhouse decoration, pretty and free; 12 sorts, 2s. 6rf. SALVIAS, distinct and pretty; li fine sorts, l.v. 6^^ Half number at same rates. New CATALOGUE of these and everything else you want for Greenhouses of Gardens, free for 3 stamps, WM. CLIBRAN andSON, Oldlield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12. Market Street. Mmiehester. TMMENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS.—Best value X in the Trade; must be cleared to make room for fresh importations. Great opportunity ; splendid order for potting. Rarest and loveliest of LILIES, Auratum Rubro-vittatum, true, lovely white, intense bund of carmine, no markings or spots or yellow ; truly da/.zling, AURATUM VIRGINALE, pure ivory white, no markings or spots; chaste and beautiful. These two Lilies will take the lead in any group and secure prizes. Ufcually sold at 21s. each— will take 6s. each, to clear, post-free. JAPANESE MAPLES, Silver Banksian Medal. TREE P.EONIES. 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGlfE of the above on application to \V. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. NCLOSE Post-Office Order for 2s,, and by return you will get 1 packet of MELON, 1 packet of MARROW, and 1 packet of TOJIATO SEED. Warranted best extant.— R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford. ORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 1^ the largest, best, most reliable and complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It consists of 112 pagesof closely-printed matter, with Prices and full descriptions ot all the newest and best Pansies, Violas, Phloxes, Pentstemons. Antirrhinums, Hollyhocks, Delphiniums, Pyrethrum. Potentillas. Auriculas. Dahlias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Petunias, Begonias, Perennials, Stoveand Greenhouse Plants, Ferns, &c., all of ^\hich are made a leading speciality and can consequently be had better than anywhere else. The CATALOGUE itself is a most useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application, JOHN FORBES, Buccleuch Nurseries, Hawick, Scotland. ARGE SHRUBS and CONIFER.^. — Berberis aquifolia, 1^ to 2 feet, 12.9. per 100; Box tree, 1^ to 2 feet, 12s. per 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii, .'J to 3^ feet, lOs. per 100; Deutzia creoata, flore-pleno, strong, 4s. per dozen ; Grisliuia littoralis, l^ to 2 feet, 35s. per 100 ; Irish Ivy, 4 feet, 6s. per 100; Laurel, common, 1| foot, 6s. per 100; 2 feet. 10s. per 100; 3 to 4 feet, 16s. per 100. Colchic Laurel, 2 to 2^ feet, 16s. per 100; 3 to 3^ feet, bushy. 20s. per 100, Portugal Laurel. 1^ to 2 feet, 20s. per 100. Rhododendron ponticura, 1 to 1^ foot, 22s. per 100; IJ to 2 feet. .10.':. per 100; 2 to 2^ feet, 3os. per 100; .3 feet, 50s. per 100; 4 to 4^ feet, bushy. SOs. per 100. Abies Douglasii, 3 to 4 feet. 35s, per 100; 4 to 5 feet, 60s. per 100 ; do., 6 feet, 70s. per 100. Araucaria imbricata. 2 to 2^ feet, 30s. per dozen ; 3 to 3i feet. 4Ss. per dozen ; 3 to 4 feet, 60s per dozen. Cupressus Lawsoniana, 24 feet, 20s. per 100 ; 3 to 4 feet, 40s. per 100. C. stricta, 2 to 2} feet, 40s. per 100 ; 5 to 6 feet, extra fine, ISs. per dozen. C, erecta viridis, U to 2 feet. 25s. per 100; do., 2 to 2^ feet, 35s. per 100. Picea Nordmanniana, 1^ to 2 feet, SOs. per 100; do., 2 to 2§^ feet, extra, 40.f. per 100. Retinospora plumosa, 18 inchirs, 25s. per 100; IJ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100; 2^ feet, extra. 40s. per 100. R. squarrosa, IJ foot, bushy, 30s. per 100; Thuia Lobbii, U to 2 feet. 12s, per 100 ; 2 to 3 feet. 24s. per 100 ; 4 feet, .50s. per 100 : 6 feet, ISs. per dozen. Thuiopsis borealis, 2^ to 3 feet, 8s. per dozen ; T. dolobrata, 1 foot, SOs. per 100; 1^ to 2 feet. 12s. per dozen ; 2^ to 3 feet (fine), 30s. per dozen. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stram-aer. ERANIUMS — PELARGONIUMS — GERANIUMS.— All the finest sorts, from English and Continental raisers, for Pot Culture for Summer or Winter, bought in every spring, tried and inferior kinds discarded. 12 fine Single Zonals, 4s. ; 12 fine Doubles, 4s, ; 12 beautiful Ivy-leaf varieties, 4s, PELARGONIUMS, the finest flowers, best habits, most robust growers, 12 fine varieties, 6s. ; 12 large Plants, 9s. or 12s. All you Mant lor a Garden may be selected from our new CATALOGUE, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Ol.lfield Nursery. Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Strtet, Manchester. A. Lietze, Eio de Janeiro. Brazil, ALIETZEVS N K ^y 0 A L A D I U M S, • ORCHIDS, and PALM SEEDS. Price LISTS of above Post-free to all applicants from Messrs, ADOLPH v. ESSEN and CO., 73, Gr. Reichenstr., Hamburg, Germany. CTRAWBERKY PLANTS, in small pots. O Splendid stuff of all best kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman. Richmond. Surrey. SPARAGUS.— This delicious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. For direction ?ee Illustrated Seed List, free. Strong Roots 2s 6d per 100.— RTCHAUD SMITH and CO., Worcester. RIMROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of Double Primrose, one flowering-plant of each for Ss. The common varietie.s of Double Lilac, Double White, and Double Yellow, 2s. per dozen, PRIMULAS.— 50 distinct varieties of Primula, one flowering-plant of each for 25s. CATALOGUES free on application. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. £300 •i. Agar in PRIZES, MEDALS, and CERTIFI- CATES for FLOWERS. FRUIT, VEGE- TABLES, and HOXFY. Op-ii (o Memberi of all Co-operative Societies in Ihn King- dom. {£l'00 for produce grown from " Oun and AH" Seed of the Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Limited), Schedules on application to THE SECRETARY, Street, Strand, W.C. W Cheap Bedding Planta.-Speclal Offer. ILLIAM BADMAN offers as under, from store pots, all well rooted, and lit for present potting. The present is a good time for making up losses sustained during the winter :- VERBENAS, Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, Rose, Qs. per 100 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per 100, LOBELIA, Bluestone, pumila magnifica, Brighton Blue, 3*. per 100, CALCEOLARIA, Golden Gem, Gs. per 100: Camden Hero, fine dark, 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE. Jaun d'Amour, Miss Nightingale. 6s. per 100. AGERATUM, Imperial Dwarf, blue. .5s per 100 COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI. bedding crimson 'Ss- per 100 IRESINE LINDENII, dark crimson, good bodder. 8.s-. per 100. PELARGONIUM. Vesuvius, finest bedding scarlet, Ss. per 100; Master Christine, Mrs, Levers, Jeuny Dodds, best pinks, 12s. per 100; Henri Jacoby, best crimson, 12s. per 100; Madame Vaucher. Niphetos, white. 12s, per 100; Queen of the Belgians, finest white. 3s, per doz., 20s, per 100; Waltham Seedling. Lucius, Jean Sisley, White Vesuvius, John Gibbons, 12.s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED, May Queen (Turner's), Princess Alex- andra, Flower of Spring, Little Trot, Prince Silverwings, Lady Plymouth. 12s. per 100. GOLD-LEAF, Crystal Palace Gem, Happy Thought, 12s, per 100, BRONZE, McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, best beddera. 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR, Mrs, Pollock. 15s. per 100; Sophia Dumaresque, Lady Cullum. Sir R. Napier, 18s. per lOU. DOUBLES, F. V. Raspail, finestscarlet; Madame Thibaut,ptnk; Madame Baltet, Le Cygne, white. 12s, per 100. TROP.iE0LUM. Vesuvius, Coccinea elegans. lOs, per 100. FUCHSIAS, in 12 good named varieties, 8s. p^r 100. PELARGONIUMS. Show and Decorative, from single pots, 3.f. per dozen, 20s. per 100. Note,— Not fewer than twenty-five of anj- one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms cj»ih. Cemetery Nurseries, Gravesend. S.E. To the Trade, MANGEL WUR2EL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SliARPE will be pleased to give • special quotation for their fine selectpd stocks of home- grown MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS of 1888 growth, and raised from picked bulbs. Thp growth is strong, and the prices will be found very reasonable Samples may be had on application Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbecli. ')() ()()() DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, Single, — V^WV Bedding, Cactus, Bouquet.. See CATA- LOGUE of the whole Family of these and everything idse you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 lovely kinds of any class, ^s. ; 25 lovely kinds ot various er dozen, carriage paid; unnamed, 2s. 9rf. per dozen, carriage paid. DAHLIAS.— ShoTi', Fancy, Single, Pompon, and Cactus. Only the best varieties grown. These always give unquuli(ie and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance, Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, Ul'l-ER AVILKIK I'.OAD, SIN(iAPl)KE, Special care given In packing. NEW VA li 1 KTI KS ALWAYS ON HANI). Apbil 13, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 453 WEDNESDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 7911.) LILIUM NEPALENSE. ll/TR- J- C. STEVENS will iuchidc iu his SALE by AUCTION, at his ■^^ Great Kooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, AV.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT- April 17, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a quantity of fine Bulbs, just to hand, of the rare and lovely LILIUM NEPALENSE. On view momittf/ of Sale, and Catalogues had, WEDNESDAY NEXT.-(Sale No. 7911.) CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSUTISSIMUM. CYPRIPEDIUM PARISH!. VANDA CCZRULEA, MR. J. C. STEVENS Avill SELL by AUCTION at his Great Eooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on AVEDNESDAY NEXT, April 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order cf Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a (juantity of choice IMPORTED ORCHIDS, in the finest possible condition, comprising a grand lot of CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSU- TISSIMUM, amongst them splendid specimens, many hundreds of CYPRIPEDIUM BELLA- TULUM, CYPRIPEDIUM PARISHI, DENDROBIUM SUAVISSIMUM, DENDROBIUM looks like an unusually strong form of 1 >. CRYSTALLINUM, D. CAPILLIPES, D. JENKINSI, VANDA AMESIANA, V. BENSONI, V. CCIORULEA, a fine lot with fresh healthy leaves, and other CHOICE ORCHIDS. On view mornmij of Sale, and Catalogues had. THURSDAY NEXT, APRIL 18. PHAIUS TUBERGULOSUS PHAIUS HUMBLOTII Also the new and splendid PHAIUS HENRYI. Three of our grandest discoveries. "IX/TR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. F. Sander ^^ & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, April 18, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, THE ABOVE EXTRAORDINARY'' ORCHIDS. Collector has just arrived with this splendid Consignment, and the plants are in the finest possible order. The Sale will also contain .50 CHOICE HY3RID CYPRIPEDIUMS, a fine plant of the rare ODONTOGLOSSUM NEVADENSE, several plants of the true ODONTOGLOSSUM N/EVIUM MAJUS, L.^LIA GRANDIS, about 500 IMPORTED CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA, 100 ANGR.ECUM SESQUIPEDALE, 2.5 A. SANDERIANUM, Imported ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANT)R/E from the best district, CYMBIDIUM EBUR- NEUM, VANDA CCERULEA, DENDROBES of sorts, and many other ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Established ibis. 55, IIONEL STREET, BIRMINGHAM. HENRY HOPE HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HEATING ENGINEER. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. SEND FOR. NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, ROSES— CLEMATIS— ROSES— all in pots, can be sent and planted any time ; the finest named sort.. See Catalogue, with colours, description.^, prices of these, and all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 fine TEA and NOISETTE ROSES, lISs. ; 12 Hybrid Perpetual ROSES, U's. ; 12 Extra-sized Tea and Noisettes to force now, 30,1. ; for Arbours, I'illars, Walls, &,■. ,•! CLEMATIS, iu li .listinct colours. 3s. tiff. ; 6 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, iSs. ; 12 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, \0s. ed. WM. CLIIiRAN and SON, Oldlield Nurseries, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ABBAGE PLANTS, Autumn Sown, Shil- ling's Queen, Early Rainham, Drumhead, Savoy, 2s. Qd. per 1000, 45s. per 20,000, packed ; 100. free. Is. 3d. King Cos, Bath Cos LETTUCE. Aigburth Brussells Sprouts. 4s. per lOOO. packed ; 100. free. Is. ed. Strong FLOWER PLANTS— Wall- flowers, dark Red, Purple, Brown, Yellow ; Sweet Williams, Papavers, Pyrcthrunis, Dianthus, 3s. per 100, 25s. per lOOO, packed ; Is. per dozen, free. EDWARD LEIGH, Cranleigh, Surrey. N.B. — Few hundred Early London CAULIFLOWER PLANTS. 3s. per 100, free. RED CABBAGE and TRIPOLI ONIONS. Is. M. per 100, free. ELARGONIUM ZONAL LILLIPUT— PRESIDENT AUG. VAN GEERT. Beautiful novelty, with large flowers, lovely double white, colouring towards the centre in strong carmine ; golden foliage. Price; each 4s. ; six plants, Itjs. ED. PYNAERT. Ghent, Belgium. Qfk AAA CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the \J\j9f\J\J\J finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of ■which become 10 inches across, and are of every Bhade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s, to 24s. per dozen, Btronp; plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inch pots, 2s. Qa. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 2s. 6d. each. Descriptive LIST onappli cation. —RICHARD SMITH and 00., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ALADIUMS, GLOXINIAS. — Lovely CALADIUMS of the finest sort^. splendid varieties, handsome foliage, clean, easily grown ; 12 sorts, (5s,, '.is., 12.i. Gorgeous GLOXINIAS, rich colours, pretty foliage, lovely flowers; 12for6.f.. 9x., 125. New CATALOGUE of these and all other plants, lUii large pages, free for .'3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, OldHeld Nursery. Altrincham ; 10 and 13, Market Street, Manchester. S^TlALL SHRUBS a^d CONIFESeT^ Araucaria imbricata, 10 to 12 inches, 50s. per 100 ; Abies orientalis, 1-yr., 30s, per 1000 ; American Arbor-vitje, 1^ foot, 60s. per 1000; Sweet Bay, 1-yr., 30s. per 1000; Scarlet Chest- nut, l-yr., 6s. per 100 ; Cupressus macrocarpa, 1-yr,, 30s. per 1000; Lawsoni, 18 inches, 60s. per 1000; erecta viridia, 4 inchejn, cSOs. per 1000; do., 1 foot. 12s. per 100; stricta, 1 to 1^ foot, 12s. per lOU; Cedrus atlantica. I-yr., 1-yr. trans- planted, 10,5. per 100; Escallonia maorantha, pots, 14s. per 100; Portugal Laurel, 1-yr. transplanted, 20s. per 1000; Limes, 1-yr. transplanted, 16s. per 1000 ; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., extra, 16s. per 1000; P. Strobus. 2-yr., 2s. per 100; Scarlet Oak, 1-yr., 3s. per 100; Privet ovalifolium, 8 to 9 inches, 10s. per 1000 ; Retinospora plumosa, 10 to 12 inches, 10s, per 100; Thuia dolobrata, 8 to 9 inches, 80s. per 1000; do., 10 inches, fine, 12s. per 100. T. Ellwangeriana, 6 to 8 inches, ^s. per 100; Veronica Traversii, 6 to 8 inches, tine, 6s. per 100; English Yew. 1-yr.. 1-yr. transplanted. 20s. per 1000; do., 8 to 10 inches, 7s. per 100. Irish Yew, 6 to 9 inches, 10s. per 100. GARLTES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. To tn^ Trade. SEED POTATOS. HAND F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unusually low this season, and may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2.?. 6*^., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. 6rf. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 43s. per do?.. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz, ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. UCHSIAS, TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. — 10.000 FUCHSIAS, just the cream of all the Fuchsia family iu flower, habit, and freedom ; 13 lovely sorts, 3s. 6^. ; 25 sorts. 6s. 6rf. ; 50 sorts, 12s. Qd. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— We have so improved the quality of our seedlings that we discarded last season all the named singles, the seedlings being much finer; 12, all different shades, large flowers, dwarf habit, 4s. ; 12 finer, 6s. ; 12 lovely double varieties — all these are named sorts, 21s, New CATALOGUE of these and all other plants for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ARTLAND'S DOUBLE PERENNIAL SUNFLOWERS, varieties "Anemonseflora " and "Soleil d'Or," the former having a yellow Anemone- flowered flat and frilled centre, with the outer florets or guard-petals extended, aud know-n in English gardens as multiflorus plenus. Plants, eacb9rf. ; post-free, 3d. extra. The new plant, or "Quilled form," is bright orange, and the outline that of a Cactus Dahlia, the A. W. Tait type ; and, to prevent confusion in the term "plenus," designatec by me as ''Soleil d'Or," or the Irish Quilled flower. Each, Is. 6rf. ; extra size, 2s. 6rf., pos(-/r«. Illustrations of both foims, aa drawn by Gertrude Hartland. can be had for a stamped envelo^.e, I have been instrumental in getting distinctions for the first time observed by Engliih florists in their Catalogues. Trade prjp? on application. * WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden S««\ Warehouse, 3-(, Patrick Street, CorV. ■- l, ' • * 454 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 13, 1889. inn ALPINE and HERBACEOUS XvU PLANTS. 25s. Descriptive CATALOGUE, niu3- trated, with Cultural Notes, 72 pages (containing much interesting iDformation). Post-free. 9a. STANSFIELD BROS.. Southport. ELIANTHUS L^TIFLORUS. CertiJkaUd in 181=8 by R. H. S. as Harpalium rigidum semi-plenum, one of the most useful and ornamental autumn- flowering varieties of SUNFLOWERS. Now being a goodtime for planting, and having the largest .stock of it in tne trade, we offer at 9s. per dozen, 50s. per hundred. Special prices to the Trade, per hundred or per tkouwid, on application. MUNRO A.M> FERGUSON. Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, &.C.. South St. Andrew Street, Edinburgh. ^ Q ACRES HERBACEOUS and HARDY O PLANTS, true to name, not seedlings (which are generally inferior to the type). Send for a Catalogue of all you want for a garden, free f or y stamps. It includes over 1000 varieties, selecfed during 15 years" careful study of this class of plant, and an annual buyiuR in'of all that seems good, and a weeding out of the poor kinds, with height, time of blooming, and other useful particular. 12 Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS £0 4 0 50 „ .. 0 14 0 100 ,, ,, 15 0 500 „ .. 5 o 0 \VM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. EW CHRYSANTHEMUM (Single), LUCY M. BOOTH. Avery pretty dwarf white variety, excellent for cutting. Awarded Certificate of Merit at the Brighton Show ; also Mr. Cullin^ord's Prize for best Seedling at Lewes. Price for strong Plants. Is. ; or 9s. per dozen. D. BOOTH, WOOD and SON, Maresfield. Uckfield. UT LILIES OF THE VALLEY, or with their Boots for making up Pots, can be supplied in any quantity at lowest market prices. Extra supply for Easter Week. Are now being booked. T. JANNOCH. The Lily Nursery, Dersingham, King's Lynn. FOR SALE, LYCASTE SKINNERI ALBA, with 6 bulbs, 2 of which are leading ones, and 1 Hower of the purest white, without the least hue of any colour. What Offers. Address, 0. WOLTER, Magdeburg, Stadtfeld, Germany. A few Large Healthy Palms. IT'im IMMEDIAT]': DISPOSAL, LATANIA V BORBOXICA, CHAALEKOPS KXCELSA and PHOLNIX RECLINATA, 3 to 6 feet higb, from 10s. per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stamford Hill, London, N. NEW CATALOGUE for 1889.— Near 130 large pages, with prices, descriptions, useful cultural and other hints, of near 7000 of the best species and varieties of plants for the Stove, the Greenhouse, or the Flower Garden, also list of all necessary Sundries ; in short, everything wanted for a garden, free for 3 stamps. SEED CATALOGUE of the finest new and the most reliable old varieties of Vegetables or Flowers, free for 1 stamp. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON. Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ORNER'S SWEDE.— For Sale, about 300 bushels. The finest Swede in cultivation. Selected and grown by Advertiser for many years. Noted prize-winner whenever exhibited. Addresi SWEDE, 6. Victoria Street, Bristol. RALIA SIEBOLDI SEED.— Fresh berries, at very cheap prices by the pound, H. DAVIMANN. .Tun.. Breslau. BEGONIAS. — Very choice, single, 45. doz., 2iis. per 100; extra fine, .V. doz., Dg-s. per 100; fine mixed, 3s. doz., 21s. per lOf). CATALOGUES Free. B. R. D.4VIS, Begonia Grower. Yeovil. To the Trade. Choice Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make • special low offers of tlieir exceptionally fin>^ Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1S88 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and further particulars may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbeacli. GAR1>1'^XL\S. — We have some splendid hirg.' ]ilnils. from 2 to l feet high, good kishy stuff, well set with liloom buds, price r..T,, 10.'!, and 15s. each. 'I'hc best sort^ in c»ihiv.ition. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, in 10 and 12-iiich pots, full of fine flowering bulbs, with clean dark healthy foliage, iOs. and 12s. M. per pot. GLOIRE DE NANCY CARNATION.— Rooted Layers of this grand White Clove-scented Carnation, 30s. per 100; 8s. per dozen. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. STOVE PLANTS, GK.EENHOUSE PLANTS, such as ALLAMANUAS. STEFHANOTIS. BOUGAIN- VILLEAS. CLERODENDRONS, and other fine CLIMBERS. CROTONS, DRAC.ESAS, and other fine foliage varieties; IXORAS, HIBISCUS, POINSETTIAS. and other flowering bii&h-habited plants, in finest varieties, clean, healthy, all umed: 12 distinct liinds, 123.. ISs., 305. per dozen. .attention is specially asked to the very fine and rare. OCHXA MULIIFLOKA. OXEEA PULCHELLA. SCHH- HERTIA GRAKTiTFLOKA, For Price; and Descriptions see ne V CATALOGUE. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, equally well selected, good and healthy; 12 so.-ts, 5;.. 123., 13-'.. half at half-price. Ne-n- CATALOGUE ol these and all you ^lant for a garden free for Ov stimoc. WM. CLIBRAN AKf SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; ani 10 and 12, MarVet Street, Manchester, LAWSON'S FIELD EOOT SEEDS. PETER LAWSON & SON, Limited, WHOLESALE SEED GROWERS AND MERCHANTS, EDINBURGH, Will be glad to send, upon application, Special Hfters of their Selected Stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW, HYBRID, & WHITE-FLESH TURNIP SEEDS. Also thfik Superior Stocks of MANGEL WURZEL SEEDS, All of which usually give much satisfaction to their Constituents. CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. DANIELS' SPECIAL STRAINS The followiDK have been grown specially for our retail trade, and are recommended as the very finest strains pro- curable for exhibition or decorative purposes : — THE BEST ASTERS. DANIELS' IMPROVED VICTORIA. Large, beautifully imbricated flowers of the most splendid form and colour : — .'■'. d. An a^ortment of 16 distinct varieties 4 6 12 „ , ;.( *.; 8 „ 2 (j Choicest mixed seed, per packet, Qd. and Is. THE BEST STOCKS. DANIELS' LAKGE-FLOWERED TEN-AVEEK. Mapnitict'ut strain of beautiful doublf flowers, very highly recommended : — An a-'sortment of 24 superb varieties o 6 IS 4 6 12 , '.i U 6 ,. , 1 (5 Choicest mixed seed, per packet. 6(/. and l.s. PANSY, DANIELS" PRIZE BLOTCHED. A grand strain of large and most beautifully blotched and coloured flowers, A'ery choice mixed seed ... per packet, Is. 6d. and 2 6 PHLOX DRUMMONDI GRANDIFLORA, A highly improved strain of large, brilliantly- coloured flowers : — An assortment of 12 splendid varieties 3 6 8 „ 2 6 Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6d. and Is. ZINNIA ELEGANS. NEW GIANT DOUBLE. A graud, new strainof maguificiently-coloured large double flowers : — An assortment of 8 superb varieties 2 6 Choicest mixed seeds, 6d. and Is. DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS and NURSERYJIEX, NORWICH. K ELLY AND WALSH (Limited), Exporters ot ORCHIDS. Siiisavoro. Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £5 upwards. CATALOGUES tree on npplii-ation. Price, 10.V. M. each. TO BE DIST soy, ^ Nurfteryraei! and Se-*fl Merchants, Higbgate Nureeriet. N. '\^\^-^ li^^eryrue; HV. RASPAEL.— This is still the best • DOUBLE GERANIUM for Cut Bloom or Decoration. 20,000 strong Market Plants now ready, 8s. per box of 2 dozen. Terms. Cash. GEO. POULTON, Fountain Nursery. Angel Road. Edmonton. ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER. Exotic Nurserie.^ Cheltenham. RCHIDS, ORCHIDS. —Distinct kinds, selected not for botanical curiosities, but their beauty, either for cutting or house decoration and the best to grow; 6 for 15s., 21s., or 30s. ; 12 for 305.. 42s., or 60s. CATALOGUE of these and all other plants free, for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN AM' SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. HRISTMAS ROSES.— 12 distinct varieties of this fine, hardy, winter-flowering plant for 13*. HEPATIC A ANGULOSA, :3.-. per doz, Single Blue, 2s. ; Double Blue, 18s. ; Single Pink, 'As. : Double Pink, 2s. ; Single White, 3s. One tlowering-plant of each free by post for 2s. !lrf. MOP.RISON BROTHERS, Nurscrii-s. AberJtcn. 100 Herftaceoua and Alpine Plants for 25a. RICUAKD SMITH and CU.'S SELECTIOX, as above, contains a most interesting and valuable' assortment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Rockwork, which produce flowers and render the garden attractive all through the year. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free for 6 stamps. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. FERNS— FERNS— SUCCULENT PLANTS. — Twelve lovely Greenhouse FERNS, good growers, fine habit for rooms or Greenhouses, 6s. or 95. ; small Ferns for planting in Rockeries &c., indoors, for fancy pots for table. 4s. per dozen; 12 distinct Stove Ferns, the best sorts for general collection, 9s. and 125. SUCCULENT PLANTS.— Handsome, singular, line for dot plants in carpet beds or for contrast with other Greenhouse Hlants. 12 varieties, all named, 6.^.. tt.^.. 12s., Igs CATA- LOGUE of sorts of these and all other plants free tor 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester. ~\ BIES DOUGLASII GLAUCA, 3 to 4 feet, 1\- I8s. per d07.. ; 4 to .'i feet, 24s, ; .■) to 6 teet, 36s. ABIES MENZIE.SII, 3 to 4 teet. 4s, per doz, ; 4 to 5 feet. 9s. ABIES PARKYANA. 1} to2feet, 24s, perdoz.; 2 to 3 feet, 3(Ss. PINirS BOLANDERI, 2 to 3 feet, 9s. per doz. ; 3 to 4 feel, I3j. PINUS CEMBRA, 3 to 4 feet, 4s. jier doz, ; 5 to 6 feet, 6s. PINUS CONTOKTA, 2 to 3 feet, 4s. per doz. ■, 3 to 4 feet. 6s. ; 4 to 5 feet, 9s, All ure from well-rooted, healthy plants ; one plant of eaeh variety for ?)S., or one plant of each size for ISs., securely iiauked in mats. MORRISON BROTHERS, Nurseries, Aberdeen. Fruit Trees. f^n C\(\C\ PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard f IWi)\/V\' and Duarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, all fine prOMn tree-*. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottersbaw Nursery, Chertaey, Surrey, =siiuiiiMiiuiriiuiiiiiniuiiniuniiiuuuiiuiniiinutnuitui:iMiniiniiii(iniiln|i= ievergreens.I I HARDILY-GFOWN. STOCK UNEQUALLED. | I Special Prices, with Catalogue, post FreeM I DlCKSONSi^^CHESTER.1 TEA SCENTED CHINA ROSE, MAY RIVERS. Report of the Koyal Horticultural Society, April, 4, 1388, " h'^n a First-class Certificate was awarded : — " May Eiders is a Tea Rose, with large and deep blossom.^. thf outer petals creamy white, centre clear leraou-yellow," Stonff plants ready Mav let, 55. each. THOMAS ftrVBRB & SON, Sawbrldgewortll. Apbil 13, 1889.1 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 455 FUCHSIAS, in 40 best and new varieties. strong and \VeU-roote<*. Cuttings. 85. per KK> (or Cash. S. MliRTIMER, Swisks Nursery, Faraham, Surrey. ORCHIDS AND PALMS ThoStCK-lc is of such mnguitude that. ii\ithout seeing it. it isuot eusy to form an adequate conception of its unprecedented eiteut. IKSPKCTION IXVITEP. The Glass covers an art-a of ajtwarils of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY. LONDON, N.E. HOLLIES, RHODODENDRONS, LAUREL, AND OTHER EVERGREENS. Now is the best time for Transpla)iting. HOLLIES, for Fencing, 1, 2, to 3 feet. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, for Parks, Plantatioug, aod Coverts, ot all si/cs, IjAUREL — rotundifoUa, caucasiciim, &o. LOWEST QCOTATIOXS OX APPLICATION TO JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, HEREFORD. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I D E'S BEDFOEDSHIRE SILVER SAND, Coarse and Fine, ' la admitted by the leading Nurberymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinan-cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Frt'f on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal svpoi'ision. Special Rail- way Rates in force t« all parts. GEO. GABSIDE. Jun.. F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. fLAif iliMliHilihiiflililliBimil Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in SEALED BAGS ONLY, 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. 2/6 4/6 776 12/6 ZOF- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON, E. C. & L. also supply Crushed Bones, Bone Dust. Peruvian Guano, Sulphateof Ammonia, and Nitrateof Soda, inbestqualities only, BONE FERTILISER. roK FLOWERS, L&WNS, EASILY USED. GH'ES SPLENDID EESULTS. 1 Ih. Tin, 9(f. 2 lb. Tin, Is. 6i/. 28 lb., 5s. ; 56 lb., Order from Florist.o. or direct from the Makers, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO., BELFAST. By Parcel Post. \r. Do. Is. 10'/. , IDs., Free to Carriers. XTATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest -Ll Manukk for Uarden use. NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in \>a^r. Lots under 10 cwt.. 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in ^ufj^land on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts p-om Thirteenth Annual Collection of Iiej>orts : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES. FRUIT. &c.— C. FiDLEB. Reading, used it for Polatos, and eaya ; — " I fouud your Manure give very satisfactory results." C. J. WAlTt:. Gr. to Col. the Hon. W, P. Talbot, says :— " I can strongly recommend your Native Guano as a tirst-nito Manure for any fruits or kitchon gnrdeinTops. also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it Uiave gained over 660 prizes." NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES, TOMATOS, &u. — W. G. Bailei', Nurseries. Ilexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I tiuil it a good and cheap article." A. F. Bakkon, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUvlNO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blaokfriars. London, E.C.. where Pamphlets of Testimonials. &c., may be obtaiued. Agents wanted. EESON'S MANURK.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing tlie Leading Garden«rs' and Market Growers' Keporta. Sold in Tins, Is.. 2s. 6f/., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. l^Js, By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield. A Good Thing to Use. We have pleasure in drawing the attention of Plant Growers to LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— A first-class article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Easily used and low in price. A'umerou^ Testimonials. Prices :— Pint, Is. 6(/. ; quart, lis. 9rf. ; Jgalloo.os.; 1 gallon. 9s. ; 4 gallons. 3-ls. Ask your seedsman for it. or apply lo WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldeeld Nursery, Altrincham ; 10—12. Market Street, Mandiester. Write for A/m/^xis and Testimonials to the Manufa-cturcrs — ADAMS, WEBSTER & ADAMS, CLAPTON, LONDON, E, Sold by every Seed-man and Nurseryman throuf^hout the Kingdom, in 33., 6d., Is., and i'-. 6d. Canisters. 28 lb. Tins, Bs. ; 56 lb. Bags, 7s. 6(1. ; 1 Cwt., 14s. GARDEN REQUISITES. _ Two Prize Medals. Quality. THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.) PEAT, best brown fibrous ... ii«. per sack, 5 sacks for 22s. Qd. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4.«. 6rf. ., 5 sacks for 20s. PEAT, extra selected Orchid Ss. 6d. ,, 5 sacks for 40s. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST ils. per bush., 3s. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD ... f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, coarse. Is. Qd. per bush., 14s. half-ton, 24s. ton. RAFFIA FIBRE, best only Is. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAGNUM MOSS, all selected, ^s. per bush., 8s. per sack. CHUBB'S " PERFECT " FER- ^ In BaQS. TILIZER (the Best Food for f * . all kinds of Plants, Flowers, (Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 66lb. Icwt. Fruits, Vegetables, &c. ... j 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- 14/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VIRGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 5/6 10/6 17/- RIISSIAN MATS, BAMBOO CANES, PERm'IAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c, PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapest and best Bedding for Hordes and Cattle, £2 per ton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for PoulfrvPi-'iH, Rttblitt^, &c., in Sacks, ls.6rf, each; 10 Sacks. 12s. 6d. ; 20 Sacks, 2:).^. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. 4rf. each; lOsacks, 12s. 6i^.; ISsacks. 17s.6if.: 20sack3, 205. ; 25 sack^, 24s.; 30 sacks, 275. ; 40 sacks, 355. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists. Market Gardeuer-*, and ulbers fconcfntnited into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S '* PRODUCTIVE " MANURE, in bags. £3 per ton (bags iii..liiili-.l ) ; M^imple 1 c"t. bag, 4s., producing extr.a- ordiiiaiy re^ull--. ;iHd \\Lirth four or five times theactu;il cost. Try it agaiii-^t any otb^^r m;muri-, no matter what price. CHUBB'S " C^MPOUND_SOOT and SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags. £2 p.er ton (bags in'lndedj; sample 1 cwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Termi strictly Ca^h ujitKzrdcT- Eanken. Vnion Bank of London. CHUBB. ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Milwall. London, E. THE CARDEHEI!$' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. JUBILEE YEAR. To celebrate the 50th year of this Institution the Committee will plHco on the Pension List the whole of the Unsuccessful Candidates at the late Election. SevrntCfMi in number, upon th(? express understanding tliat the sum o£ £3000 bt- realised, in order to provide for the great Extra Annual Expense thus entailed, without trenching on the Reserved Funds. . JUBILEE FESTIVAL, at the. " ALBION," Alder.sgato Street, _ JUNE 13, 1889, LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD, Esq.. In the Cbalr. Received since last week :— Mr. R. lit'LLEN, Botanic Garderia. Ula^KOW ... 110 Mr. J. I'EKKINS, Tliornham Gardens, Eye 110 Mr. .T. GOUGH. Hnrefield Gardens, Uxbridge ,.. 110 Mr. D. ROBERTS. Prestwold Gardens, Lou(;llborougli I 1 0 Mr. J. H. PEARSON. Beeston, Notts 3 2 0 Mr. W. WARD, Little Aston Gardens, Sutton Cold- field 10 10 0 Mr. G. TURNER. GreeMhill Gardens, Teltord. Surrey .5 14 8 Mr. J. SMITH. Mentmore Gardens, Leigliton Buzzard 110 Miss MARY DRAKE, Elm Park Gardens, S.W. (annual) 110 G. F. WILSON, Esq., Hcatherbank, Wcybridge, Vice-President 10 10 0 EUCHABIS MITE a Thing of the Past. HEATH'S BULB MITE EXTERMINATOR. After many and exhaustive experiments extending over a series of years, Mr. Heath the celebrated Gardener at Sedg- wick (a frequent contributor to this Paper), has at length suc- ceeded in producing a chemical compoun'l, which prok'es fatal to this most destructive pe^t. His experiments have been watched with the utmost interest, by several Gardening Friends, at wlio=e rt-queal be has placed it in my hands to manufacture. In Tins, sufficient for from 50 to 100 Bulbs, according to si/.e, with full directions, 58. Maxl'facturi:d bv D. HARTLEY, Seedsman, Kendal. To he obt-itned nf all .Seedsmen. HEATH'S BOOK OF VIOLETS, 6-^ post-free. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. For Green and Black Fly. American Blight, Camellia Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug. Brown and White Scale. Worms, Wood Lice, &c. ^ ' i:> T /^ t> 17 M a " THE UNIVERSAL r^ 1 V-/ ri Ci I\ rV 5 INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Pkincks Stkkkt, Edinburgh, Jti'i/ 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good as sent me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I lind it kilN Green Fly immediately. Double this strenizth, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug. aud to far as I have yet ob>erved, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a must agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied throueh common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or tpray. — I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London, Junttari/7. 1888. "Gentlkmek— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I liave fnund it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command o good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold bt/ Chemists. Nurserymen, and Florists. in Bottles at Is. 6* >» 55/, 70/, 90/, and 105/. 10 „ 12 )> . • 30 , 42 , 60 , and 84/. 3 n 50 )) 63/, 84 , 105 , and 130/. 5 „ )) M 15,21,30 and 42/. 1 jt »» )» . . 21/, 30/, 42, , and 63/. 3 „ )> )» 10 6,15,21, and 30/. 3 M 25 j> ... 21/, 30/, 42/, and 63/. 1 „ )» ,, 3 6,5,6,7,6 and 12/. Special Selections may also be had . . £10 10s. £21, £30, £40, and £50. SELECTI ONS OF INEXPENSIVE DAFFODILS To PL.\NT in GRASS, ORCHARDS, WOODLAND WALKS, SHRUBBERIES, and by STREAMS and LAKES. 1000 in 10 var. 75/, in 20 var. 105', in 30 var. 130,'. 500 in 10 var. 37 6, in 20 var. 55, in 30 var. 70/. 100 in 10 var. 8,'6, in 20 var. ll,/6, in 30 var. 15,/. Choice mixed, for naturalisation . . Fine ,, ,, ,, GREAT NONSUCH SINGLE YELLOW INCOMPABA.BILIS DAFFODILS, in mixed shades, for naturalisation 50 in 10 var. 4/6, in 17 var. 5/6, in 2.5 var. 10 6. 30 in 10 var. 3/6, in 15 var. 5 6, in 33 var. 8/6. 12 in 12 varieties 2/6, 3/6, and 4/6. per 1000, 30/; per 100, 4/6; per doz., 1/. ,, 20/; ,, 3/6; ,, 1/. 63/ ; 7/6; 1/3 CUT SPECIMEN FLOWERS OF BARR'S HARDY DAFFODILS CAN BE HAD DURING APRIL. Correctly named, and carefully packed, at the following charges : — 12 distinct sorts, 1 flower each 12 „ ,, 3 flowers each 3s. 6d. 7s. 6d. «> 50 distinct sorts, 1 flower each . . 60 ,, ,, 3 flowers each.. 25 distinct sorts, 1 flower each 25 ,, ,, 3 flowers each 12s. 6d. 25s. Od. 6s. Od. 16s. Od. Our aim in thus offering to the Public, Cut Specimens of our BEAUTIFUL HARDY DAFFODILS, is to afford an opportunity to those who cannot \'i8it our Daffodil Grounds, of acquainting themselves with the many lovely varieties we possess. The flowers cannot be sent in bud, as this would prevent us proving our " Stocks," which is done annually ; but thpy will be sent fresh, and packed so as to ensure their arriving in good condition. BARR & SON, 12 & 13, KING STREET, COVENT GARDEN, W.C. First-class SEEDS, BULBS, and PLANTS. Catalogues Free on application. Afbil 13, 1S8D.] THE GAUDENEBS' ClIIiONlCLE. 457 WEBBS'SEEDS WEBBS' Choice Double PINK. Our strnin has boen saveil from the fiiip'^t sliow vnrietie^. nnj is un^iurpasseii for thp lar^e size and beauty of its iiowers. Is. and 2s. 6d. per Packet, post-free. WEBBS' BOXES OF FLORAL GEMS, CoutaiuingSeed?of Beautiful Flowers, pa=;y of Cultivatiou, for the Gardens of ladies and amateurs, 2s. 6d., 6a., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d.. 16s.. and 21s. each. I AlWegeiaEle and Floiter CHeeds deRverea free. I I Illustrated Catalogue, la.; Abridged Edition, gratis.^ WEBB&S0NS,W0RDSLEY.STOURBRIDCE ROSES IN POTS; b11 the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18s. to 36«. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. VEITCH'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. The Finest in Cultivation. AMAHYLLIS, VEITCH'S HYBRID. Saveii from the mignitit-pnt rnllection grown ;tt our Chelsea Xiirsery. Per "packet, 23. 6d. CALCEOLARIA, International Prize. Un-urpas^ed for -i/e. shnpe, and substance of flowers. Per packet, 2a. ed. CARNATION, FINEST DOUBLE. Saved from our unequalled collection of all the linest varieties; likely to prodDce many new beautiful sorts. Per packet, 2s. 6d CINERARIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Flowers of largt_' -ize. liri.ular form, great jubstaijce, and mo-L brilliant colours. Per packet, 2s. 6d. GLOXINIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Saved from the magniliient collection g^o^^n at our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 28. 63. PRIMULAS, VEITCH'S. Red, WUte, and Mixed. These are the tiuest in cultivation, and were awarrled a First-class Certificate bv the Royal Horticultural Society for suj.erior quality. Each, per packet, 2s. 6d. JAMES VEITCH &, SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA. S.W. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market in the World for FORCED FRUITS, «"'! VEGETABLES, FLOWERS (Choice) ami NOVELTIES of all kinds, from all climes. The Best Medium from whom to obtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS, SALES. — Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS.— Weekly, or when desired. GROWING CROPS.— Advances made on. MARKET REPORTS. — Weekly, on application. EMPTIES. — Arrange early for supply. COMMUNICATIONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Address, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. Heferences : Ask Anyone. STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots, 4.S. per 100. plants in small pots. Itis. per ItlO ; ditto, in large pots. 25s. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.— RICHARD SMITH AXD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. FOR SALE, a fine Specimen Plant of CYATHEA MEDULLAKIS, about 15 feet high ; or would make an EXCHANGE. Apply. W. REEVES, Grass Farm, Fincliley, N. BEAUTIFUL Velvet Lawns 8 TO 12 WEEKS. I Vide Carters^ .Famjjhief upon the Management of Lawns and Lawn Tennis Groimds. . post-jree. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN GRASS. PRICES— CiKHiinE Fhee. Per lb. Per bushel. Per pkt. For newly-formed La wnsl, 3 25/- I ,,_ For Tennis Grounds . . 1/- 20/- > j ,g ^26 For repairing old Lawns 1/3 26/- ) ' ' Skeds.-men by Royal Sfaled Warrants. 237 & 238, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. Frai)AY NEXT, April 19, heine/ Good Friday, tlie " Gakdenees' Chronicle " will be imhliishcel on Thursday, April 18. Advertisements for next week must therefore reach tlie Office not LATER than Wednesday Morning, April 17. THE SATURDAY, APRIL I.'?, 1889. THE HISTORY OF GARDEN IMPLEMENTS. IT is a very singular fact, that one of the most important phases in the history of gardening has been almost universally neglected. No one seems to have considered an enquiry into the rise and progress of horticultural implements as worthy of attention. And yet, if we trace the question to its source, we shall discover some highly interesting particulars. There is, indeed, no positive beginning tp this subject, for it talies us into speculative regions of the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, when the primary objects of human life were practically the same as at the present moment. It is impos- sible to say in what age mankind began its march towards civilisation, or when the nomadic stage gave place to one which embraced certain ele- ments of restfulness. At our present degree of advancement in nearly every conceivable section of mechanism, it is difficult to conceive a community or a nation whose weapons of defence and tools for labour were composed entirely of stone, wood, or bone. The rate of improvement in these implements has only corresponded with that of humanity. As a matter of course the primitive articles of husbandry of different nations do not show any great variety. Professor Nilsson, in his Stone Aye in Scandinavia, has demonstrated that the implements known as " hoes " both of stone and elk horn, mnst have been suitable for the systems of land tillage. In America, chipped flint hoes, consisting of broad blades with deep lateral notches near one end, by which th ey can be attached to a handle, are not at all rare. The Delaware and Iroquois Indians are said to have used formerly the shoulder-blade of a deer, or a tor- toiseshell sharpened and fastened to a thick stick. Another class of agricultural implement known as " spades " is described in Dr. Abbott's Primitive Industry ; this consists of oval plates of flint, 458 THE GAliDENEBB' CUB 0^1 CLE. [Apkil 13, 1889 flat on one side and slightly convex on the other, the outline being chipped into a sharp edge. And many more examples might be cited. But it seems strange that the Bronze Age, which was such a rapid stride towards civilisation, should have handed down to us very few, if any, ex- amples of improvements in the implements to which reference has been made. Dr. Evans — thanwhomthereisnomore trustworthy authority — says that sickles are the only undoubtedly agri- cultural implements in bronze with which we are acquainted in this country. Passing oil to another phase in the history of the world, the earliest and most valuable contribution to our subject is that of G. Julius Pollux, a grammarian, who was born at Naucratis in Egypt, and flourished in the reign of Commodus, about A d. IT.'i. He gives us a long list of various artizans, with which he unites their tools, and describes other articles. As he writes in Greek, and quotes the denominations and characteristics given by Homer, Aristophanes, Sophocles, and others, he shows what trades and things were common both to Greeks and Romans. The only section of his work of special interest to us \i that of husbandmen, and under the general term of yfuiyoi he includes gardeners, nurserymen, mowers, venders of potherbs, woodwards, and those who had the management of Figs, Olives, and Vines. He mentions, inter alia, a three-pronged fork, a sickle, and a spade. In reference to the last (tyxiirivri), it is nijntioned by Theophrastus (Hiitory of Plants, 2, 7, 1) as an implement used by husband- men ; but Theocritus speaks of the same as being a digging tool used by athletes for exercise. Pollux also mentions a rake or hoe ((ruaXii), and Strabo refers to the same as an instrument for stirring or hoeing; and as a sort of mattock or shovel, it finds mention in Xenophon's Cyropa-dia (02, 34). A digging tool, driven with both hands, as some, or one with two prongs, as others, is also named. Another (8i«€AXa) did duty as a mattock or hatchet, or both; it had two points, is represented on a coin of Valerius Asciculas, and is referred to by Sophocles {Antigone, 250, Euripides, and others. A paitinuM was a two- pronged tool used to set plants with, or prepare the ground for them, and answers to the npiiniov ( = a bill-hook) of Pherecydes. The spades of the Saxons appear to have been, from the Bayeux Tapestry and numerous old illus- trations, about a yard long (including handle and blade) ; they were male probably of one piece of wood ; the handle was set in one side of the blade, and not in the middle, as at present. The cutting- edge was round, and was defended with a piece of thin iron, or other metal, of the shape of a horse- shoe. A capital illustration of this sort of spade is given in Caxton's Game and Plai/e uf C'hesfc (HH, " The Labourer "). The spade figured in a " maze " in Didymus Mountain's Gardener's Lah/rint/i (l.'iTl, p. b'i) appears to have the handle situated as in modern examples, but the cutting edge is round, although a square example appears on p. 2."i. The engraving of .Saxons digging out a fox with a tri- angular spade in Blaine's liiirnl .'i/iurls (i., 380) is said to be taken from an illuminated manuscript recorded in Strutl's Emjlish Sports. From Professor Kogere' valuable Histury of Prices we gleau several interesting particulars relative to the commercial value of various implements. The spade, for ex- ample, of the Middle Ages, appears to be known under the name of " vanga. " The prices of this, up to the end of the fourteenth century, varied Irom •Ihd. to ■id. and b'id. each. In 1449 a " vanga " was sold for Ad , a shovel for 4.*('., and a " garden knife " lor id. Between 1411 and 1.521 spades or vang:e varied in price from 'Id. to \\d. each, and about or shortly after the last named they became known as spades, and sold at from (id. to Is. each. Hoes have at all times played a prominent part in gardening matters, and it is to be regretted that the early history of this implement is so obscure. Professor Rogers says that before the plague of l.'j48 hoes were sold at ;'.',('. each, but afterwards the price rose to M. From 1401 to 1582 hoes sold at from Ikd. to Is. each. They were known as Hercia and Ilerpica, " Rastra," ^whicii were, perhaps, very small hoes, were sold at from 1(^ to .3'/. eacii. At about this period also " weed-hooks" were sold from 1'/. to '.id., and hedging-bills at about Id. each. Mattocks were very early in use, and it is recorded that four were sold before 1348 for a little over 8{('. apiece. From the Saxon and Anglo-Norman manuscripts engraved by Strutt in his Manners and Customs of the People of England., there is scarcely any dif- ference between the scythes and sickles of to-day and those of a thousand years ago. The ancient scythe, however, liad a long, straigiit shaft, instead of the curved handle of to-day. Up to about tlie middle of the fourteenth century scythes fetched about Wd. each, although soon after the period indicated 2s. '2d. was an average price. Professor Rogers point- ing out that it is not easy to distinguish, from the manuscript, a scythe from a sickle, the distinguish- ing adjective of tfie latter, nianualis, not being always added to the generic .fair. From 1401 to 1582 scythes were about 2s. each, and sickles from Sd. to Gd. Iron forks, hay and corn forks, appear very early in the records ot the fourteentli century, but these scarcely claim attention in tliis place. Verv little improvement appears to liave been made in garden shears until the comraenceraeut of the present century. In 181(), .lames Ogden, gar- dener to T. D. Ashley, of Dunckinfield Lodge, Ashton- under-Lyne, was awarded 10 guineas for his " com- munication ■ of tliree pairs of shears to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. The paper was published in the Transactions of the Society, and it was reprinted in the Repertory of Arts, January, 1817 (2nd se'ries, XXX., 97—8), and a plate is given in it where the shears are shown both open and shut. Ogden claimed that " the general principle of these diifers in action from that of the common cutting shears, which tend to force from them the object intended to be cut ; whereas the shears now sent are so contrived as to draw nearer to them the article to be cut vathout making a false stroke," The Gardeners Mor/a;ine of June, 1830, describes some very handsome ])runing instruments of the sliding shears description manufactured by Steere & Wilkinson. A Treatise on the Present Slate of the Maniifaclures in Metals, 1833 (ii., 44), figures three— the bough-lopping shears, of extraordinary power ; the pruning scissors with circular edge ; and the Grape and Bower gatherer, 4 feet long. They were improvements rather than novelties, and are still in use, with, perhaps, a few unimportant altera- tions. A bill for pruning, cutting, or lopping, is by no means a modern implement in England, for it is mentioned in Caxton's Reynard the l''.,.r (14S1 ), and there is even a much earlier allusion. An imple- ment of the same name, used for digging purposes, was in use in 1050, and probably more closely re- sembles our present pickaxes than anything else. If horticultural implements were few, and their- form primitive up to the end of the sixteentli century, things very quickly changed. " Merciful God : what a sort of tools have you here : " is the irreverent exclamation of the one of two " characters " in Gervase Markham's work on (iardening (IG.'i.'i). And the surprise was somewhat justifiable, for the host shows his guest, " liatchets and sithcs of all sorts, coriu- and grass sithes, stuble 8ithes,handbills, 8ickles,knives, pease-hookes, spades, shovels, wedges, draghooks. great saws, lesser saws, handawes, timber saws, pitchforks, iron liooks, iron forks, twybils, dung forkes,"tongs, shears, scissors, mattocks, files, cleavers, claspes, lancets, strings, cutting knives, gelding tools, clipping shears . . . garden-rakes, dibbles, hammers . . . rakes, single and double.' ^ Such, then, were the accoutrements of the gar- dener in the earlier part of the seventeenth century, and looking at tlie list in what way we may, it cannot » The Whale Art of JJusbandry. Sty C. Heresbacli, trnni- JatmlbyBiiriinl.y Ooogc, and onlnrRcd hy C.tv.is,. M:irkham. i., lii. he said that he had mucii to grumble about. Indeed, to compare the usual equipment of the gardener of to-day, but bearing in mind the vastly different condi- tions of gardening in the two epochs, the list must be considered as especially interesting and note- worthy. The numerous implements were called into existence by tlie exigencies of the rise and rapid progress of gardening during the latter half of tlie si.xteenth centurv. IF. Roberts. New or Noteworthy Plants, GALANTHUS FOSTERI, L'ah-cr, n. sp.* The bulbs of this new Snowdrop were imported by Professor JI. Foster, from the neighbourhood of Amasia, in the province of Sirwas, in North Central Asia Minor. So far as the flower goes, it looks most like the larger forms of G. Elwesii, but the leaves are broad and bright green, like those of G. latifolius, and the apical lobes of the inner segments of the perianth are short and erect, as they are said to be in G. gnccus, which I have never seen, either living or dried. In G. Elwesii the inner segments of the periaiitli are narrowed suddenly just below the apical lobes, which are square and much larger than in G Fosteri, spreading at the tip, and more or less crisped. In G. Elwesii the inner segments form a narrower tube than in any other species. Both Elwesii and Fosteri have a large green blotch on the lower part of the body of the inner segments. In G. I'osteri the stamens are not more than half as long as the inner segments, whilst in nivalis, lilwesii, and lati- folius they are three-quarters as long. The anthers in Fosteri have a distinct apiculus, as in nivalis and Elwesii. It is a fine plant, and no doubt will become a general favourite. I received it first from Mr. Jas. Allen of Park House, Shepton Mallet, so well known as a cultivator of Snowdrops, and since have had a boxful from Professor F'oster direct. It flowered this year with Elwesii late in March. Leaves bright green, half a foot long at the flowering time, J — 1 incli broad, simply con- cave down the face. Peduncle slender, faintly two-edged, much shorter than the leaves. Spathe- valve green, linear-convolute, 2 inches long. Pe- dicel H inch long, cernuous at tlie apex. Ovary subglobose, J inch in diameter at the flowering time. Outer segments of the perianth oblong-spathul.ate, very convex on the back, rarely tipped with green, . 1 — l-j- inch long, ^ — J inch broad at the middle, I narrowed to a claw ', inch broid ; inner segments obovate-cuneate, not so closely connivent as in G. Elwesii, .( inch long, ', inch broad, with a shallow apical indentation, tlie two apical lobes semi-orbi- cular, erect, not at all spreading nor crisped, the aoical sinus with a horseshoe-shaped green blotch under it, the lower half of the segment covered with another obovate-oblong green blotch ; inner surface all green, with white vertical lines, except a narrow white border. Stamens \ inch long : anthers with a distinct white ajiioal spur above the yellow pollen-bearing portion. Style just over- topping the anthers. J. G. linker. XVLOIJII'M T.EONTOOrOSSUM. This is, perhaps, the finest of the racemose Max- illarias, as the members of this genus were formerly called. It is the Maxillaria leontoglossa, Rchb. f, described in Bonplandia, iii., p. 07. A good plant of it has produced three fine racemes in succession, during the last few months, at Kcw. The segments are three-quarters of an incli long, very bright yellow, with numerous light maroon spots ; the lateral sepals verv strongly keeled, and broader than the dorsal » Gidmlhii! I'<»teri. Biker, n. ap.— Foiiis Iwte viridibiis simpliciter oiinilitulatis; pi'rinntliii segraeutin exterioribu« mngnis oblongo-spalluilatis, sogmeiitis iilterioribiH obovato- ciiiieatis lobis apicatibus brevibu3 rotuudatirt eroctis, ilorso a [Ai»BiL 13, 1889. It will be noticed that the majority of the broken branches are still attached to the tree — where they remain up to the time of writing (April 9). On close examination it will be seen that the fractures are many of them at the point where a small branch joins a larger one, or where a branch is attached to the main stem. This, however, was not always the case, many of the branches gave way in their en- tirety. In several instances where the weight of the rime was not sufficient to break a branch so that it either fell off altogether or hung down, the trees were injured by the branch being "sprung" or cracked longitudinally, so that when released by the thaw removing the superincumbent weight, its elasticity was sutHcient to restore the branch to its original position on the tree and to close up the cracks. A specimen exhibited at the meeting of the Scientific Committee of the Koyal Horticultural Society, March 2G, showed this very plainly. It con- sisted of a branch about 3 inches in diameter, from which three smaller branches were broken so as to hang down ; while a fourth, a somewhat smaller branch was only " sprung," and had returned to its original position, so that the fracture was only to be seen on close inspection. About twelve or thirteen years ago a similar, but by no means so severe a rime frost occurred near King's Lynn, by which many trees were broken. One noticeable feature of these rime-fractures of Oak trees is that branches of all sizes, from mere twigs to fairly-sized arms, are affected, and that in nine cases out of ten they remain attached to the trees for weeks and months. It is rare that a single branch gives way, generally there are several on each tree ; and in this particular rime they were all upon the south or south-west side of the trees. Trees of various kinds suffered — Oaks, Elms, Black Poplars, AVillows, Weeping Willows, Alders, and Birches — but the evergreens — Laurels, Hollies, Pir trees, and Yews, escaped almost entirely. The effect of rime in this respect contrasting strongly with that of snow. The Beech is not a common tree in this district, but none which I have seen were broken, neither were the Ash trees, except in one or two cases, altliough many of them were loaded with their fruit. The smaller branches which were broken off the Elms remained hanging in the trees for some days, but when a large arm gave way it fell to the ground. The branches of the Black Poplars and Willows almost invariably fell to the ground. Many persons watched the branches of these trees gradu- ally bending lower and lower under the weight of the rime until they gave way ivith a crack. C. B. Ploivright. Cultural Memorandum. BEGONIA ODORATA. At the present time this Begonia is one of the showiest pLmts we have in the warm house ; and it has grown and flowered freely here since the beginning of the month of February. It is a desirable plant to mix with others grown for their foliage, being light in habit and an agreeable relief in any position ; especially is this the case if the plants are raised slightly above a bed of Maidenhair ferns, Dracaenas, &c. It is well to have two sets of plants, large and small — the former obtained by keeping the roots for a second year. Early in May cut the old plants down to within a few inches of the aoilwhen new growth will spring from the base of the shoots, this being pinched at the points once only, so as to cause a bushiness of habit. These cut-back plants may be potted in 7-inch pots, and the smaller or second lot of plants will succeed well in 48'3, it not being so much a matter of root space as of the careful supply of water, and occasionally of liquid manure towards the end of summer and during the time that thpy are in flower. Cuttings 4 inches in length, put in singly into GO'a and placed on a mild bottom-heat, strike freely in April and May, and if these have the leading points pinclied out once, neat little plants are obtained. A compost, consisting mainly of turfy loam, a small portion of peat, and leaf soil, will grow this sweet-scented species well. H. SEXUALITY IN CATASETUM. Over a quarter of a century has elapsed since the publication of Darwin's remarkable paper on Cata- setum, in which the well-known sportive character of the genus, or its curious habit of suddenly pro- ducing different kinds of flowers on the same plant, was shown to be simply a case of the production of male and female flowers on the same spike. How that paper revolutionised current ideas is now matter of history. It showed that the flowers are normally unisexual, though occasionally the sexes are com- bined in the same individual, and that the so-called monstrous flowers are in reality quite normal in cha- p. 407 in our issue of March 30, and as the paper in question appears to simplify the matter considerably, we may here touch on one or two points in it, especially as Darwin's conclusions have on more than one occasion found an echo in our columns. The explanation offered by Mr. Rolfe, the author of the paper in question, is, that the three kinds of flowers investigated by Darwin were not only not borne on the same plant, but not even by the same species, and that Darwin's so-called hermaphrodite is in reality a male only. If this be so — and the reasons adduced for the statement certainly seem conclusive — it follows that Catasetum, although the sexes are highly different in appearance, does not Fig. 82. — effect of rime on a tree at king's lv> racter, though differing in structure and appearance, on account of the different functions they had to perform in the economy of reproduction of the species. But while accomplishing so much in clear- ing up the natural history of the genus, it also indicated a condition of things which, on a mo- ment's consideration, cannot but appear somewhat anomalous. It certainly appears curious that any plant, in which the male and female flowers are so highly specialised, should also produce a third kind of flowers of an equally specialised cliaracter, but combining the two sexes in the same flower. Vet this is the condition of things indicated by the paper in question. On this very point, how- ever, a paper was read before the Linnean Society at a recent meeting, a summary of which appeared on diflcr in any other respect from other ditpcious plants. The reason of the confusion appears to be, that the females of several species resemble each other so closely that three, at least, of them have been con- fused underthe same name. Darwin's hermaphrodite and female forms of Catasetum tridentatum are stated to be the male and female respectively of C. barbatum, the female of the former not having been investigated by Darwin at all. The effect of the paper in question appears to have been to shift the element of mystery from C. tridentatum to C. Gnomus ; for the author pointed out that Kodrigues had described three forms, corresponding to what were formerly considered the three genera, Cata- Hetum, Myanthus, and Monachanthus, all on the same individual of C. heteranthum, the Myanthus Aphil 13, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHBONICLE. 461 form of which (corresponding to Darwin's hermaphro- dite) Rodrigties had stated to be identical with C. Unomus. This plant is in cultivation at the present time, and the author stated that having examined a living specimen he imd found it to be male only, consequently what the so-called Catasetum form of the same could be, remained a mystery. Here, then, is a case where those who possess the plant may be able to assist in solving the mysterv ; the horticulturist and the botanist may go hand in hand in attempting to clear up what is certainly a very interesting question. The author appeals for assistance in the shape of materials from cultivators of these plants, and we feel sure that any examples of fio-calied sporting which may be forwarded to Kew would be duly appreciated and reported upon. Their ultimate destination would, in many instances, be the rubbish-heap, and cutting them a little before they fade, would only mean a few days less enjoy- specimen of Catasetum Bungerothi. It consists of an inflorescence bearing only three flowers, two of which are male, and the third is a female flower ! The position occupied by these three flowers is Qs follows : — The lower and uppermost flowers are male, the middle or second flower on the stem being female. In my drawing only the two lower flowers are shown, the third and uppermost flower being withei^ed when received, I thought it unnecessary to to portray it, especially as it is in all respects identical with the lowest flower. The witlieringof this upper- most male flower so long before either of the lower flowers would seem to imply that the female flower robbed it of a good deal of nourishment, or else, that having lost its pollen masses it had served its purpose, and was no longer wanted by the plant ; the lower flower, which had also lost its pollen masses, also began to witlier before the female flower, although it depth, and very obtuse ; the border of the lip is slightly pointed at the apex and quite entire ; the sac is of a good yellow-ochre colour outside, fading to lemon-chrome at the border, inside it is of a rich deep yellow, similar to tliat of the yelk of an egg, paler towards the mtirgin. Tlie column is about one- third of an inch in length and very stout, with a slender, curved, and aomewliat fiiittened horn at the apex. The stigma is a nan-ow transverse fissure. There is no trace of any pollen masses, caudicle, or gland. It is well that the female form should have shown itself so early after introduction in so unmistakable a manner, for had it been separately introduced it would no doubt have received a new name, which is undesirable, for however difl'ereut the flowers of the different sexes of Catasetum may appear, where the sexes are known, it seems to me best to retain one name for all the forms of the same species, labelling Fig. 83.— catasetuh buxqebothi : A, male (upper), and female (lower), flowers on the same spike; B, female flower from the stdh. ment, as was well pointed out by the President of the Royal Horticultural Society at the late Orchid Conference. Perhaps it is not too much to hope that some Brazilian gentleman may be able to forward dried specimens for the elucidation of so interesting a problem. And we might include the singular genus, Cycno- ches in the category. Darwin remarks that some specimens forwarded to him arrived in such broken condition that he could not examine them. Perhaps the author will now turn his attention to this sportive genus, of which Lindley remarked that he expected it would be found to sport into Catasetum. The danger of this now seems removed, but it would be of interest to have the phenomena of dimorphism investigated, as in the case of Catasetum. The Female Form of Catasetum Bungerothi, N. E. Be. (fiq. 83). To the kindness of Mr. Lucien Linden, of Brussels, I am indebted for an extremely interesting remained tolerably fresh for three days after the upper male flower had fallen. The female flower, as might be expected, is very diff'erent in form from that of the male flower, and, as is usual, I believe, with the female form in all the other species of the genus, the flower is reversed, that is, the lip is directed upwards instead of down- wards. In my drawing I have represented the in- florescence as erect, but in the natural position it is horizontal, with the lips of the male flowers directed downwards. The ovary of the female flower is curved somewhat like the letter S, and at the same time is bent to one side. It is of a much darker green, and stouter than that of the male flower, and well fur- rowed. The sepals and petals are lanceolate-acu- minate, and are shorter than those of the male flower, being Ik inch long by half an inch broad, all strongly reflexed and of a very pale greenish-white colour. The lip is helmet-shaped, and not very unlike the helmet of Aconitum vulparia, Rchb. f., in form, the saccate part being about 1^ inch in them male, female, or hermaphrodite form, as the case may be. It is a little remarkable that such a fine Orchid as this has not been introduced until so recently, as it is now known to me to have been collected upwards of thirty years ago at a place in Venezuela which I will not specify, though it may perhaps, be the same locality as that where Bungeroth found it. As the male plant has proved to be so variable in colour — there being already in cultivation beside the type, a pure white form with a delicate rosy spot in the spur of the lip (var. album), a spotted form (var. Pottsianum), and a yellow form (var. aureum)— it is possible that the female plant may vary in a similar manner, although I have no knowledge at present that distinctly female plants have been introduced, or even exist, as it is quite possible that in some species of Catasetum the sexes may not exist as separate plants, but the propogation of the species by seed may be carried on by the occasional pro- duction of female flowers on plants that are other- 462 THE GABD ENEB S' CHBO NT CL E. [April IS, 1889. wise male, or the reverse. At any rate, if the female plant is introduced, it will be found well worthy of cultivation, although not so showy as the male plant. y. E. JBrown, Herbarium, Kru\ CHLOROSIS. This word, in accordance with its meaning in the Greek, denotes a pale, sickly, greenish, or yellowish- white condition of the leaves of plants, and has long been employed in pathology. Unfortunately, how- ever, there are several different kinds of chlorosis, if we agree to separate the cases according to the causes to which they may be referred. For instance, the pale yellow colour of the leaves of a Potato-shoot growing in a dark place, is due to causes 4uite dif- ferent from those which induced the sickly yellow appearance sometimes assumed by spring Wheat ; and both these must be distinguished from the well- known phenomenon of " variegated leaves." More- over, all the above examples belong to classes of phenomena different from the one to which we now wish to draw attention, namely, the sudden pro- duction of white leaves by plants normally green, such aa is often observed in gardens, and on trees which have been heavily pruned. There are other kinds of paleness, also, such as those due to the attacks of insects, fungi, &:c. ; but of these it is not proposed to say anything further in this article. Taking the cases quoted, it is sutticient for the present purpose to point out that the formation of the small, yellowish, tender leaves, on long, pale, soft, shoots, of plants growing in places deficient in light, is due simply to the want of light, and can only be remedied by exposure to the rays of the sun, or some luminous object which radiates light of the same kind ; very often the merest streak of sun- light will do, and the previously small or aborted chlorophyll-corpuscles turn green, though a greater intensity of light will be necessary to enable them to do their proper work. This paleness, due to want of light, is called blanching or etiolation. Another kind of paleness, also due to the non- development of the green colouring matter of the little chlorophyll-corpuscles, is caused by the tem- perature being too low for its formation.^ This is often seen, as already stated, in spring Wheat ; as the temperature rises the chlorophyll-corpuscles, which are present all the time and only need their proper colouring matter to become normal, turn green in a few days. This case has nothing to do with the yellowing of leaves by frost, which is due to destruction of the chlorophyll-corpuscles. The causes which induce the foundation of varie- gated leaves are too involved to be discussed here, and it must suffice to state that the white-striped Ribbon-grass, and the white and green mottled variegated Maples, Abutilons, Richardias, Ivies, Hollies, &c., belong to a different category irom cases of true chlorosis. True chlorosis (" yellows ") as now understood, is a diseased condition in wliich the want of green colour- ing matter is simply due to deficiency of iron salts. We are entirely ignorant as to the part played by iron in the formation of the green substance called chloro- phyll, and that metal has never been satisfactorily proved to be a constituent of the chlorophyll, and yet it is very easy to prove that small quantities of iron are absolutely necessary for its development. Probably the following is the most conclusive evidence on this subject. If a seed (Bean, Lupin, Maize, &c.) is allowed to germinate, and then placed with its root in a solution consisting of 100 parts by weight of distilled water and two or three parts by weight of a few salts of potash, soda, lime, mag- nesia, phosphorus, and nitrogen, the seedling can be made to grow, with proper precautions as to air, light, and temperature ; and in a few Iweeks this "water culture" will yield a strong plant, which may even flower and bear fruit later. If every ingredient is pure, however, and no contamination * Leave3 may be pale in damp cold soila from wafer-logging and deficiency of oxygen ; improper supplies of potftssium- ialtsalso itidu''p yellow letivoH, is permitted subsequently (for instance by dust falling in) the young plant will soon cease to form green leaves, but will produce tender white ones instead, and would soon die if allowed to go on doing so. This is because there is no iron present, and the diseased condition of the leaves (chlorosis) may be set right in a few hours by adding one or two drops of a solution of an iron-salt to the liquid in which the roots are submerged, and the leaves acquire their normal green colour in a day or two. Still more conclusive, if possible, is the following experi- ment. If a few streaks of a very dilute solution of sulphate or chloride of iron are painted on a young chlorotic leaf, by means of a camel's-hair pencil, the parts so moistened (and only those parts) turn green in a few hours: the leaves absorb the solution, and the chlorophyll is enabled to complete its develop- ment at those spots. It is to be understood that in all such experiments the solutions of iron salts must be extremely dilute, as even ordinarily weak solu- tions of such minerals are poisonous. We do not know how the iron acts ; we only know that it is absolutely necessary in small quantities for the development of the chlorophyll, and therefore for the life of the green plant. Having now cleared the way to an understanding of what chlorosis properly is, as contrasted with other forms of disease— etiolation, blanching, albin- ism, &c. — I propose to consider the cases so com- monly met with in gardens, with especial reference to some recent observations by Professor Sachs, of Wurzbnrg,*, who set himself the task of devising some method by which the disease could be cured in the open — a task by no means so simple as miglit be supposed, as we shall see. Even in the best kept gardens or greenhouses it is not an uncommon event to see certain trees and shrubs bearing branches on which all, or most of the leaves are white or white and green, and Sachs says this is especially apt to occur in wet summers, such as the past season of 1888: in many cases the leaves are white to pale green. It very often happens that only one branch or one side of a tree or a sucker from the base, is thus diseased ; but here again every stage may occur. In such leaves the ohlorophvU- corpuscles may be abnormally developed, or may be wanting, and the branches are apt to die off very rapidly. In the typical case the disease is apparent imme- diately tht' leaf begins to emerge from the bud, but it frequently happens that the first leaves are nor- mally green, and the newer ones successively paler, till at last only white ones are formed. If we refiect that about one-half the dry weight of the plant consists of carbon, and that these pale chlorotic leaves are utterly incapable of assimilation, it will be understood that a tree or shrub badly affected with chlorosis may grow to death. Sachs states he has seen the disease particularly bad in Bocconiacordata, Castaneavesca, Magnolia trijietala, &c., and if a solution of iron salts can be got to reach the roots at once, as the chlorotic leaves emerge from the bud, the disease may be arrested ; or if a very dilute solution of an iron-salt is painted on the leaf whilst quite young, it will turn green. i' Hut the iron-salt must reach the leaves while quite young, and as they are unfolding ; and this explains why, in some of his experiments, where the solution placed at the roots did not reach the leaves soon enough, the branches formed several white chlorotic leaves, succeeded later by deep green ones. In many other cases the solution was not effective during the current season at all — it did not reach the young leaves in time, and results could only be obtained in the following year. It seems a simple operation to provide a solution of iron salts, and place it at the roots ; but experience shows that the matter is much more complicated than may he supposed. In the case of pot plants, where the roots are already numerous, and touching * Krfahntngcn ueber die Behandlnng Chlorotischi: GarUn- pfian^en. Wurzbiirg, 1988. t The action is purt-ly local, where the solution ia placed, as may be well seen by painting Itfttera, designs, &c., on the leaf, in iron*solution, the sides of the pot, a thorough swilling with a h to 1 per cent, solution of common ferrous sulphate in water, will usually bring about the results desired ; but it frequently fails, although a much weaker solution painted on the chlorotic leaves causes them to turn green in a day or two. The explanation of this and some other puzzling phenomena is as follows \— All ordinary soils, and particularly the more cal- careous ones, are possessed of an astonishing power of absorbing and "fixing" certain salts, eppecially those of potassium, pliosphorus, and iron. If a flower-pot is filled with such a soil, and pure water is poured on allowed to drain away, the probability is that the drainage water will show no traces of iron when chemically tested ; nevertheless, there may be considerable quantities of that metal in the soil, only it is in a condition which does not allow of its being easily washed or dissolved out. But a still more re- markable result is obtained if we now pour a dilute solution of ferrous sulphate or chloride on the soil thus washed ; for the drainage water even now gives us iron reaction — it has absorbed and fixed the salt of iron, taking it from the water, and retaining it so strongly that many washings with pure water will not remove the whole of it. Sachs gives instances where certain soils were found to thus absorb and retain what look like enormous quantities of iron salts. The general recognition of this fact of the retention of certain soluble salts by soil is well known ; but its importance in the par- ticular case we are dealing with is now to be made clear. We have seen that very little iron is needed for the production of chlorophyll, yet that most soils contain relatively large quantities of that metal, "^ but in a "fixed " condition. At ordinary times the root hairs of plants manage to obtain their very small require- ments by the solution of this " fixed " iron, at the surfaces of the particles of soil, but in the cases of chlorosis as usually met with, it is evident that either the roots are not taking up sufficient of the iron, or the solution taken up is not reaching the young leaves quickly enough or in suflicient quantitv. One of these conclusions seems inevitable, because if the soil were devoid of iron all the plants would be chlorotic ; whereas we rind only a plant or a shoot here and there so afl'ected, as, for example, among a batch of Convolvuli. Moreover, ex- periment proves that, if we can only get a dilute solution to the seat of action, the chlorotic leaves turn green. Sachs quotes a classical case of a Kobinia affected with chlorosis so acutely, that all the leaves were white ; a liole was bored in one of the branches, and a funnel-tube placed in this, so that when a dilute solution of an iron salt was poured into the funnel, it at once mingled with the ascending water-current, and was convoyed upwards in the young wood; in a few days all the young leaves placed vertically above the hole were green. A number of facts point to the conclusion that a fundamental cause for chlorosis is unduly quick growth ; the rapidly elongating shoot unfolds its leaves quicker than the rooj-hairs can dissolve and absorb sufficient iron, or than the solution can be conveyed to the rapidly developing tissues of the young leaf. This is concluded from several obser- vations, in addition to the foregoing. In the first place, it is a very common experience that young trees'and shrubs (such as Uobinia, Castanea, Quercus cerris. Q. Uobur, Spirica opulifolia, &c.), after being sharply pruned in winter, often sprout rapidly and abundantly in the following spring, and the new shoots grow so fast, that tiiey reach u length of 2 or 3 yards in a few weeks ; many of these long watery shoots arise from hidden buds, and they commonly produce first a few green leaves, and then, when the growth is most rapid, form only white ones. (I have observed a similar production of partially chlorotic leaves by the new fluahes of leaves aiter bad attacks of fungi have defoliated a plant.) This seems to be because the young shoot soon uses up all the iron * Unually many huudred times the quantities necileil by tlie plant can be extracted froqi the soil by acids, Apmt 13, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CIIBONIGLE. 463 collected in the buil, &c., and then the root-hairs cannot supply it in sullicient quantities, or the vas- cular tissues transmit it rapidly enough along the continually lengthening path. Sachs has found that such shoots can be reached by iron salts plaoedin the soil in the summer, and that their later leaves turn green. Different plants show differences in behaviour in these respects ; thus, the Elm and Vine rarely put forth such shoots as have been described, while tilycine sinensis and Splra-a opulifolia are very prone to sprout in tiiis wav. Other evidence in support of the above view is afforded by the observation that chlorosis is rare in fields and woods, &c., where growth is slow and the roots have time to gather iron ; whereas in gardens, where growth is often stimulated and hurried, the disease is much commoner. Again, a wet summer is apt to produce much clilorosis, as often seen in Convolvulus arvensis and the root suckers of Poplars, Birches, &o., and in pot plants standing in the op*Mi. Slow growing window plants, on the contrary, rarely show the disease. Enougli has been said to explain why we cannot expect to cope with this disease by simply ]>ouring a solution of iron salts on the soil at the roots of a chlorotic tree ; such a solution, unless so strong that it would kill the root-hairs and tine rootlets, would be absorbed and the iron-salt " fixed '' by the up])er layers of soil, long before it could be available for the roots. Sachs tinds. however, that if the solid crystals of ferrous sulphate (green vitriol) are dug into the soil at the roots of such trees, they dissolve slowlv, and sooner or later yield sufficient iron to the roots for the ]iur- pose in view. He points out that the roots of a five or six years old Robinia, Chestnut, Elm, Spinea opuli- folia. Silver Fir, Pine, &c., occupy at least a cubic metre of soil, and in the Wurzburg gardens this quantity of soil will retain T) or G kilogrammes of ferrous sulphate, without the slightest fear of poison- ing the roots; and in the cases ofolder trees, the roots of which traverse 5 — 10 or more cubic meters of earth, we may safely add 25 — 90 kilograms. However, it is not necessary to thus apply the maximum quan- tities, but by digging trenches along the course of one of the great roots, or one circular trench round the tree, we may put several pounds of the crystals in the neighbourhood of the " feeding rootlets," which will always be found from 20 — 50 centimeters deep. A good drenching will then wash a strong solution into the soil immediately in contact with the root-hairs, where the iron-salt will be precipi- tated on to the surface of the particles of soil, and from these the root-hairs will dissolve and absorb sufficient for the purpose in view. Sachs then gives the results of his trials with various species of Oak, Spiraea, Castanea, Magnolia, Celastrus, Chionan- thus, Carya, Robinia, Abies, Bocconia, Wistaria, Akebia, Aristolochia, &c. H. Mam/'all Ward. Fruits Under Glass. Vines. — AVhen the Grapes are cut from the early pot vinery the house can be used for Melons, or for the growing on of cut-back canes or eyes for another season. These should be potted into a nice fibry loam, with some bone-meal added, using well drained 12-inch pots. Train up to the light, and encourage them to grow freely, stopping the Vines when they attain the length of from 7 to 10 feet. Pinch the laterals to the first leaf. In the second honse Grapes will be colouring and swelling. Give a little top-dressing of loam and manure, and water well at this stage. Keep up a free circulation of warm air, and reduce the atijio- spheric moisture gradually, removing any active fer- menting materials. A night temperature of 00° to 65° may be maintained, forcing as much as possible by day, with a temperature of 70^^ to 75°, running up to 80° to 85° with sun-heat in the morning at closing time, and damp down the walls and paths. The Vines in later houses, in which Grapes are also swelling, should have attention in the way of stopping and tying the shoots. Do not overcrowd with laterals, but allow each leaf room to develop itself. Water the borders wlien necessary, and damp down when shutting up with sun-heat ; be liberal with the air, and on mild, warm days allow a free circulation from front to back. Do not let the berries get too large before thinning the free-setting kinds — Muscats should be left till later, simply removing the smaller ones now. K'_'ep a drier atmosphere where any Vines may be in bloom, and give plenty of air on all favourable occasions. Disbud in the later houses as soon as the bunches can be detected, leaving the shoots v/here possible close to the main stem. Syringe in the morning, and again at closing time. Planting Vines. — The jiresent is a good time for making up and planting inside Vine borders. I prefer the turf about 3 inches thick ; and the turves should be wheeled into the house a fortnight before making up the inside border. Allow about 6 feet in width, and 2 feet G inches in depth, which will allow for sink- ing. Lay the turves as closely as possible grass-side downwards, and on each layer sprinkle some of Thomson's manure, old mortar rubbish, wood-ashes, and a little of the finer portion of the turf to fill up all crevices, making the whole quite firm, and so on, till the border is within G inches of its proper level, and ready to receive the Vines, which should have been prepared as follows: —Having made some wooden rafts, 3 feet long, by *J feet wide, placing on these a .layer of turf; shake out the Vines, and spread the roots on the turf, covering them with a little fine soil, and finishing off with another layer of turf; cut the Vines back to the height of the first wire of the vineries to be planted, place them in a genial grow- ing temperature : leave the three top growths. When root-action has taken place, the Vints can be put on the border without disturbing them, and the turf levelled round to its proper height, they will then grow on at once. Jly experience is, that turf lasts longer when not broken and chopped up. W. Bennett. Rangcmoor, Burton-on-Trent, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Alpine Strawueiirirs. — Where these are esteemed, as they justly deserve to be, the fruits will be im- proved both in size and Havour by some atten- tion being given them during the growing season. When fruit is desired the first season from plants raised from seed, the seeds should have been sown early in February in ]ians or boxes placed in heat, and the young seedlings should have been carefully pricked off, when large enough, at 2 inches apart, in a moderately warm frame, where the heat of the fer- menting material was declining, so that by the time the young plants have made a good start, and were fit to be hardened off, the heat would have quite left the beds. By the end of the present month, or in the beginning of the month of May, the plants should be in a fit state to be planted out in the fruiting bed — planting them, if possible, in showery weather. The plants, although alpines, thrive more satisfactorily when they are planted on a rather light loam and made firm about the roots, being somewhat shaded from the sun during the hottest part of the day. The plants may be either planted in double rows, 8 inches from plant to plant, and 18 inches between the rows, or 1 foot apart each way. Young plants may also be taken from the old beds, and planted in beds at once, which will yield good supplies of fruit this season. Well decayed manure should be spread over the soil among the plants, and occasionally deluging the beds with manure-water will help them greatly. Fruit-tree Grafting. — All kinds of stock and fruit- tree grafting should be pushed on quickly, so as to bring it to a close before growth gets much advanced. At this season crown or rind grafting may be prac- tised with success, as the bark will now part freely from the wood, first giving care to the forwardest plants, following these with the latest starters. A few good Plums to work on new stocks or headed- back trees are Eivers' Early Prolific, The Czar, Belgian Purple, and Prince Englebert ; these are very heavy and constant croppers, good alike for home and market purposes. Earlier Grafted Stocks. — The grafts which were put on the slocks in March should be looked over occasionally to see if the clay has not been washed off by rain, or cracked by drought, and all necessary work in either case be done at once, as much of the success in grafting depends on keeping the grafts air-tight and moist until union takes place. Strawberry Beds which may have been unavoidably neglected should at once be put in order, otherwise the young tender growth may get injured. Remove all weeds and give the soil a good treading, espe- cially close to the plants, afterwards applying a mulching. Fruit Borders.~An examination should be made of the borders where Apricots and IVaches, &c., are planted, and the soil, if found to be at all dry, should l»e thoroughly watered. Work of this kind at this season may seem to some to be unnecessary, but recent examination has disclosed the fact that the borders are much drier than is good for the trees; examine, therefore, the borders, especially if the soil be light loam. I tliink much fruit is lost by neglect- ing to water the borders when dry at this season. H. Markhani,, Mcrcworth Castle, Knit, The Kitchen Garden. Pot Hkiuis. — Burnet. — The situation for this plant should be open, tlie soil not rich, and a dressing of lime-rubbish or chalk should be mixed with the soil. It may be raised from seed, which maybe sown in drills 10 inches apart, and when the plants are largo enough, they should be thinned out toG inches apart. It can also be propagated bv cuttings or division of the root. When the plant throws up its flower- stems, these must be removed, in order to secure a constant supply of young growths. Marigold. — The fiowers are used for flavouring A light, dry soil, with full exposure to the sun, suits the plant, but a rich soil causes the flowers to come of larger size, but accompanied by poor flavour. The deep orange-coloured flowers possess most flavour. The flowers should be gathered when of full size, dried in the shade, and stored in a dry place. Seed may be sown annually, but if some of the flowers are allowed to remain on the plants, the plant will per- petuate itself without trouble. Seed may be sown in drills 10 inches apart, and when the plants are a few inches high, they should be thinned to a like distance in the rows. The thinnings can be readily trans- planted, watering during dry weather until they are established. - Bat,u is a hardy herbaceous plant with a citron-like scent and aromatic flavour, which make by infusion a grateful drink for the sick-room. Although the plant will succeed in almost any soil, and in any situation, a clayey soil and sheltered situation are best. It is propagated by division and by cuttings. The shoots are cut with the leaves in September, and dried in the shade. Hgssop. — An aromatic evergreen shrub, a native of Southern Europe, is propagated by seed and cuttings or divisions of the plants. When struck from cuttings these shoifld have the benefit of a handlight. A light soil and an open situation are required. Cliamoinile. — There are two varieties, the single and double flowering, and both like a dry situation and a light, poor soil. The plants are mostly propagated by division, but in course of time they deteriorate and it is found necessary to raise fresh stock from seed. A few of the best flowers should be left for this purpose, and these, when properly ripened, may be rubbed out, and the seeds sown in the spring. The plants should be set at a distance of 12 to 15 inches apart. The flowers should be picked when dry and laid out thinly in the shade, taking care to dry them thoroughly or they will get mouldy. Bite. — A clayey soil with the addition of lime rubbish and an open situation should be afforded this plant. It can be raised from seed or cuttings in April. The plants require to be trimmed in spring and never allowed to form seed. Purslane. — There are two varieties grown — the green and the golden; and both these require a warm situation and a rich light soil. It has to be sown fre- quently to secure a continuous supply. In February and March it requires the aid of a slight hotbed ; but from April to August a south border will meet its requirements. IK. M. Baillie, Lttteni Huo. Primula rosea, — Several patches of this charming carmine-coloured spring flower now in bloom in the gardens of Wm. Barber, Esq., Barrow Point, Pinner, prove it to be one of the best of early flowers. Mr. Odell states that the plants have no protection, and the coldest water never injures them. The gardens are also just now beautified by a large and varied collection of Primulacete and other spring flowerg. 464 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [ApfiiL 13, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. STTBSCBIBERS TO fTHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* who experience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. frHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. IV.. Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1888. W. EICHAEDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. a M EETI NQ, THURSDAY, April 13— Linnean. SHOW. SATURDAY, April 20— Mentz International (Ave days). SALES- MONDAY Aprii I.tJ ''"''='• Hardy Bulbs. &c., at Pro- lUUHUA I. APRIL I.-i .j jjjjj.^^ ^ Morris' Rooms. 'Orchids in Flower and Imported I Orchids, at Protheroe & Morris TUESDAY, APRIL 16 L »<»""• WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17/ Carnations and other Plants, at the I City Auction Rooms, by Pro- V theroe & Morris. Orchids in flower and bud, Imported Orchids and Lilium uepalense, from Messrs. H. Low & Co.; Semi-established Deudrobiums and Cypripediuma, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies, Plants, Palm Seeds, &c., at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, at Selbourne, Streatbam (Unre- served), by Protheroe & Morris. THimdnAY Aprii igi I"nport«'i Orchids from Mr. THUKSUAI, APRIL 1»^ Sander, at Stevens' Rooms, CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FRO.M THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT OHISWICK— 48'4.. Hardy Fruit Culture. departments are as untrustworthy as is, generally .speaking, their horticultural intelligence, then the Press must be in a bad way. It is, however, not to be expected that the daily and quarterly journals should be specialists, but it is at least de- sirable that they should consult experts before giving publicity to what may be very pernicious misstatements Mr. Paul, whose competency no one can doubt, is very judicial in his remarlis. It is quite refreshing, after the flood of mischievous nonsense that has been published in the ordi- nary organs of the Press, to read the report of the paper on " Fruit Growing for Profit in the Open Air in England," which was read recently by Mr. William Paul before the Society of Arts. The Horticultural Press in general cannot be accused of having lent its columns to the " tall talk " that has been uttered on this subject. It has, indeed, opened its columns to the rational discussion of this subject. It has reported pretty fully the papers and discussions that took place last autumn. It has, when occasion demanded, pronounced its own opinion, which is, in fact, that of practical men, upon the several proposals, and while with marked unanimity, strenuously uphold- ing the reasonable development of fruit culture under suitable circumstances, it has with equal singleness of purpose never lent itself to those exaggerations and distorted views which are likely to cause so much disappointment and loss to the unwary. When the cry of disappointment comes, as come it will, the Horticultural Press of this country may well congratulate itself that it has lent no sanction to any misleading, not to say preposterous anticipations. AN'hether the daily papers can complacently say the same thing is another matter, but if their general and political to be advised to break up rich meadows, already giving a good return to owners and occupiers, to form them into orchards, even in questionable situa- tions ; and, on the other side, that England cannot compete with foreigners in the open market on account of climate, facilities of transport, and un- limited competition, seem to me to be e.xtreme views which will not bear the test of sober investigation." We quite agree with Mr. Paui , and we reconi- Fl(l. 84. — KEY rO SfPPLEUEXTAUV SHEET: A GKOCP OF YELLOW D.IFFODIL. SEE P. 46.">. 20, Blonilin e. SirWm. Harcou: 4, Guillen Plover 22. TelamoniUN (Kill berlo) 19, Captain Nelson 8, Lincolnshire Yelluu 2.'t. Abscissas l.lu. Nanus 1.3a, Minor ]8c, Minimu.s 10, Shirley Hiblj.nl 21 . Thos. Moore 2:{, Cyclamineus 2, P. R. Barr 9a, Mnximus 9b. Emperor l."i. Spurius 18, John Nelson 1. M. J. Berkeley 17. Golden Spur 7. Spurius coronatiis 14, ,, Henrv Irving 21, Obvallnris " Much," says he, " that has been said and written on this subject has about it the clear ring of truth, but statements have also been made which, i( accepted and acted on, will surely lead to disappoint- ment, vexation, and a wasteful expenditure of money. To be told, on the one, that ' the salvation of England depends on the future of its fnilt culture '— mend those concerned to consult his paper, wherein he deals with fruit culture under the following heads;— 1, climate and situation; 2, soils; H, sorts; 4, cultivation; 5, gathering, storing, and marketing ; 6, holdings ; 7, statistics. A\'e do not intend now to follow the lecturer in all these particulars. They have been of late 1 '//i / / // '/m/^'/ y/.(J''^^/iWi>//ym.i^y^M/,.y/,y.„ „,„/,„„... ■'■'■'^^,, y ^f,^ ^^y^.^f^^^A ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^jy^^^^ J^^^W.-fi-.^^^^^ ■'''^?fi<^^'fit^>yy^^^ ^fi':'.^^ j^^?r^> 464 Advertisers are spei under no drew, particular posit teed for advert than an entire SUBSC 'THE GARDI •^ who experience their Copies regular!. to communicate wit, delay in the deliven forwarded with comp W. RICHARDi Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUMS Post-office Orde be made payabl No. 42, 1 Now read- E GARDE Vol. IV., Third S W. RICHAKDS. 41. \ y^. APPOINTMENTS I M E THURSDAY, ApKlUS- ! SATURDAY, APBIl 20- E MONDAY, APRIL 16 J TUESDAY, ApkIL 16 < WEDNESDAY, APBIL 17/ THURSDAY, April 18^ CORRECTED AVERAGE '. ING WEEK, DEDUC OF FORTY-THREE Y ^CulC?'' flood that h: nary organs of the Pi paper on " Fruit Grc Air in England," w Mr. William Paul The Horticultural 1 acou.sed of having " tall talk " that haa It has, indeed, openei discussion of this sub fully the papers and last autumn. It haa pronounced its own o of practical men, upo ■while with marked un ing the reasonable d( under suitable circu singleness of purpos exaggerations and < likely to cause so mu to the unwary. When the cry of come it will, the H country may well coi lent no sanction to preposterous antioip; papers can complace another matter, but i April l.'i, 1889.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 465 treated of by specialists and others usque ad nauseam. Among those who know, thi're is really not room for difference of principle but only in matters of detail relating to particular localities and conditions. Mr. Patl, however, touches upon one or two points on which his experience as a hybridiser is specially valuable, the more so as they relate to matters which the botanist has taken note of, but which have been far too much neglected by practical men. A\'e refer especially to the period of flowering of certain sorts (Apples are specially indicated), and to the various frost-resisting ijuali- ties of the blossoms. This is a matter that has often been impressed upon the notice of cultivators in this journal by ilr. ISkrkelev and others, and various illustrations in explanation have from time to time been given from Chiswick and elsewhere. Nevertheless, it is to be feared that the subject has not been sufficiently brought home to the cultivator, who is too apt to look upon these matters as interesting subjects of observation for the botanist, but of no practical importance. Mr. Paul does not think so, nor do we. The land question is, unfortunately, so much mixed up with party polities — that most irrational and unscientific of subjects — that we almost dread to allude to it, but at any rate we may note in passing that ilr. Paul, from his calculations, concludes that the fruit-grower, except under special circumstances duly noted, should not plant under a lease of less than thirty years' duration. Lastly, we may fitlj' conclude our notice of a very temperate and judicious address by citing its conclusion, with which all practical men must be in substantial agreement : — " In conclusion, permit me to say that what I have advanced should not discourage the planting of fruit trees. On the contrary, if I have been understood as I wish to be, fruit culture in England may be judiciously extended to a very considerable degree. But it should be guarded and guided by the appro- priate selection of climate, soil, sorts, and, above all, a high system of cultivation directed by a knowledge of the business. AVith regard to the question of supply and demand, I believe that a much larger quantity of English fruit would meet with a ready sale if put before the public in a tempting state. I may also say that I am clearly and decidedly of the opinion that there are thousands upon thousands of acres of land in Great Britain, at present bringing little or no profit to owners or occupiers, which if planted with fruit trees, might be made to return a good profit to both. Not that I think large fortunes are to be made by the enterprise, but that a fair remuneration will be secured for the outlay of capital, and the application of knowledge, industry, and skill. Fruit-growing, as a recreation, or for one's own use, is one of the most fascinating and diverting of occu- pations, and may be pursued with satisfaction by the uninitiated. But fruit-growing for profit is a different thing. Here, knowledge is wanted. The possession of it, rightly applied, will be attended with success ; the absence of it with failure. It is the height of folly to suppose that this, any more than any other business or profession, can be made profitable without preliminary instruction and training." Royal Horticultural Society.— Since the beginning of the year the number of new Fellows who have joined the Society amount to lOG, and one Associate. The Su:>rfirEH Show. — We have the pleasure to announce that their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales have signified their intention of visiting the above show, in the Temple Gardens. London, on May 30. Group of Yellow Daffodils.— In the group of vellow Daffodils, engraved from a drawing by Miss Baer, are delineated many of the finest natural and garden hybrids of Daffodils bearing yellow, single flowers. There are incladed the smallest known variety — minimus — a discovery of Mr. P. Barr in Portugal ; also N. nanus, and N. minor, but little larger ; the pretty N. cycla- niineus, and such imposing-looking and tall growers as N. maximus, N. Tehinionius, Emperor Maxiinus. &c. Tlie large engraving is furnished with a key (see p. 4(11), to which is appended a list of the varieties, commencing at tin' top. Fog.— It is higli time the Scientific Committee took up the question of •' London particular " fog on plants. As we write (Wednesday) at mid-day London is enshrouded in blackness as dense as any experienced in the winter months. What the con- sequences will be to the ( )rchids and other flowers will be more interesting to ascertain than agreeable to look at. In the meantime gardeners will do a service by recording their experience of the etlects of fog. Under the auspices of the Scientific Com- mittee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and at the instigation of Mr. Dyeu, a special report will be drawn up on this subject, and for this purpose the experience of growers is solicited. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— A meeting of the combined committees to promote the fete on behalf of this Fund to take place in the Wholesale Flower Market, Covent Garden, on May 22, was held at the Caledonian Hotel on the 5th inst., Mr. Geobge Deal presiding. The Secretary, Mr. A. F. Baeron, reported that the Marchioness i;f Salisuory, the Countess Spencer, the Baroness Bordett-Cootts, Lady Bolsoveb, and Lady Dokothv Nevill had given permission for their names to be announced as Lady Patrons of the fCtv. The number of admission tickets being limited, the building cannot be at any time inconveniently crowded. BrOWNEA princeps.— Mr. Knight, the gar- dener to His Majesty the King of the Belgians, at Laeken, inform us, in a communication of April 8, that the splendid Brownea princeps there— a plant in fine health, and 12 feet high— had borne one head of flowers on a short branch or spur about i feet from the ground. The head was 28 centi- metres (11 inches) in diameter. Rose Shows in 1889.— In this, the second list of Rose shows, kindly furnished by the Hon. Secre- tary of the National Rose Society, Mr. E. Mawley, are comprised nearly all the Rose show fixtures of the current year. The few that are still missing will appear early in May ; — Reigate, June 29 ; Farnham, July 3 ; Eltliam, New Brighton, July 13 ; Carlton-in-Lindrick, July 16 ; and Christleton, July 23. " The English Flower Garden. "—A new edition of Mr. RonissoN s work, with over 1400 engravings, will be published this week by Mr. Murray. Many of our most beautiful English gar- dens are illustrated, while nearly all the plants that will bear the free air in England are figured. An Impromptu Market.— Referring to our article concerning the creation of moie public markets, a correspondent mentions that, driven by the necessities of the case, quite a large impromptu market in vegetable and other garden produce has sprung up quite recently at Kew Bridge, over which pass towards London from West Middlesex and portions of the Surrey districts immense numbers of heavily laden waggons on their route to Covent Garden Market and elsewhere. At this spot, the thoroughfare being exceptionally broad, it has become the rule for greengrocers and costermongers from all the neighbouring towns and populous dis- tricts to intercept the market waggons and pur- chase what they require for their purposes. As many as from thirty to forty loaded waggons and a hundred carts or small vans may be found collected here on a market morning early, presenting to the local police a rather difficult problem in relation to highway obstruction, yet showing in a remarkably forcible way the need which exists for the provision of market areas, in which the sale of garden produce can be carried on, both wholesale and retail. In the case above referred to, of course no fees are paid ; on the other liand, the market — if it merits such appellation— is ('arried on by the permission of the ]iolice, but at the early hour of the morning when the business is transacted, the vegetable waggons and dealers' carts form the bulk of the ordinary traffic. It is very obvious all the same that the public streets are hardly proper places in which to carry on the business of public markets. Stock-taking : March.— The following is a summary account of certain imports into the United Kingdom from foreign countries and British pos- sessions for the month of March, compared with the same imports in the month of March, 1888; — Total value of imports 511.— (A.) Articles of food and drink — dutyfree (B.) — do., dutiable $VI.— Raw materials for textile manufac- tures (including Flax, Hemp, and .Tute) §VII. — Raw materials for sundry industries and manufactures (includin{? wood and timber, liewn. sawn, split, dressed; vege- table materials, for paper-making, &c.) ^IX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass. Flax, Rape, Linseed) «,12.i,79.'i 1.9-11.919 9,.1i;,.i37 2,234,380 I,Cl74.89t 10,047,240 2,034,316 9,912,335 ■(■1.921,147 ■(-92,397 -1-5(14,798 2,698,199 I -(-168.810 l,19fl,l.'io , -f 121,2.16 The few appended excerpts are taken from the elaborate tables of imports whence the " summary " is derived : — 5 It. Fruit :- Apples, raw 1888. 1889. Difference bush. 139.449 347,398 -(-207,949 Unenumerated raw 10,323 10,069 —264 Onions 163.500 295,096 4-131,596 Potatos cwt. 48,.104 34,821 —13,483 Vej;etables, r.i ated V, unennmer- Yayie £56,181 £36,531 -£19,6.=«l Here may be noted our impression that these returns might be made of greater immediate value to both producer and consumer if a sjtecimen of precis writing, in the shape of notes to the nine sections — say, to the extent of a page, and properly grouped — were supplied by the Central Chamber of Commerce to the compiler of these tables for publication, month by month, as to the condition of British productions. Rapidity and fulness of "touch" in all departments of commerce is of great importance nowadays. The '• Botanical Magazine."— Recent num- bers contain figures of the following plants : — Liliuiu nepalense. — A handsome Himalayan Lily, with pendulous bell-shaped flowers, each more than 4 inches across, tlie segmens greenish-yellow, spotted at the base with purple ; t, 7043 (see Gardeners Chronicle, October 13, 1888, p. 412, fig. 57). Sarcochihts lunifi-rus. — A very curious Burmese Orchid, with numerous elongate roots, but no leaves ; the numerous flowers are small, in erect racemes, each flower about three-quarters of an inch across, the segments yellow with red spots ; t. 7044. Sluartia Fsmdo- Caimllia. — A hardy Japanese shrub, with flowers like those of a single Camellia ; t. 7045 (see Gardeners' Chronicle, August 18, 1888, p. 187, fig. 22). Opuntia polyacantka--A hardy Opuntia, described by ExGELMAKN' as O. missourieosis, but the name adapted has precedence. Il extends from the Sas- katchewan, in lat. 62° N., to New Mexico, and is very variable. It has flat oval joints, beset with tufts of white spines and yellow flowers, each about 466 THE GABDFNEBS' CHBONICLE. [April 13, 1889. 4 inches across. It has been grown for several years unprotected at Kew (t. 7046). Chironia pcdnncularis. — A perennial Gentianad, reintroduced from South Africa by Jlr. Watson. It has ovate, solitary, tapering leaves, flowers on long stalks, each about 2 inches across, rosy-lilac (t. 7047 ' (see Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 325, vol. iv,, 1888. Eremostachys lac'tniata. — A very handsome her- baceous perennial, native of Western Asia, with a stem about -i feet in height, covered with white flocculent down. Lower leaves 2 feet long, 1 foot broad, ovate, deeply cut into narrow partitions. The flowers are arranged in a aucoession of whorls along the upper part of the stem ; each flower is nearly 2 inches long, with a bilabiate corolla, the upper helmet-shaped, lip downy, the lower .3-lobed, lip bright red. The plant flowered at Kew in -Tune last (t. 7048). Delphinium ZaliL — A new species of Larkspur, discovered by Dr. Aitchisos in Affghanistan, where in Khorasan it is so abundant in the pastures as to give them " a wondrous golden line." Tiie leaves are very deeply divided into linear segments and the numerous yellowish-green flowers arranged in terminal spikes, each flower about one inch across, with a curved spur. The flowers are collected for export to Northern Asia to be used for dyeing, and also for medicinal purposes (t. 7049). Lis Barmcmte. — An Armenian species with linear- lanceolate leaves and purplish-brown veined seg- ments, the outer ones bearded. The plant was introduced by Professor Foster (t. 7050). Calandriiiia oppositifoHa. — A prostrate perennial with tufted Unear-spatulate leaves and flowers in cymes, each flower about \h inch across, whitish, with numerous narrow petals (t. 7051). Passijlora Hahnii. — A very pretty Mexican Pas- sion-flower (t. 7052), described and figured in Gar- deners Chronicle, p. 504, vol. xii., 1879, M. Chantin.— Visitors to the great Continental horticultural gatherings are familiar with the patri- archal countenance of M. Antgine Chantin, so well known for his introduction of various fine Caladiums. The Jardin of April 5, gives a portrait of this eminent horticulturist accompanied by a sympathetic notice of his career. ArOIDS. — The meeting on Tuesday last at the Drill Hall was remarkable not only for the display of Daftbdils and Orchids, but for an extremely inte- resting group of Aroids from Kew, including the gigantic Godwinia and a series of the elegant and interesting species of Arisjema, most of which have been figured in these columns. It is such displays as these which give an interest to these meetings that no mere trade-groups can pretend to afford. The Director deprecates any award being made to the plants exhibited from Kew, and rightly so, if the absurdity of giving the same award to these most remarkable exhibits as to plants principally of commercial interest be persisted in. The two classes are not comparable. ImpatIENS RodigasI.— Mr. Gumbleton informs us that the plant figured under this name in the Jllustratioji Horticok is the I. flaccida of the But. Mag,, t. 5270. StACHYS. — i\L Fn.vNCHET contributes to the Jardin an interesting note, in which lie gives some further information concerning the plant with the tuberous rootstock, and numerous names (all more or less inappropriate), which has excited attention of late years. The plant was described originally by BuNGE as Stachys allinis. It is a native of Northern China, where its rootstock is grown under the name Kan-lu. It has also, but rarely, been met with culti- vated ia Japan. The plant is, it appears, mentioned at length in a Chinese Encyclopedia, where its tuberous rootstocks are aptly enough compared to rings of jade connected together, and yet independent the one of the other. Quite recently, it appears, M. Delavav has sent to the Jardin des Plante?i from Yun-uan good specimens in flower and fruit of Stachys affinis. This is satisfactory, as clearing up the history of the plant, further as showing that it is not confined to the North of China. Siedold received the plant from Japan, but was not aware of its alimentary qnalities. ^L ue Maximowicz met with it as a rarity in the gardens of Yeddo, and M. Faurie, a French missionary in Japan, mentions that it ia cultivated for food in some jiarts of the last named cnuntry. M. FiiANCHET concludes that the plant is, as before said, the Stachys atfinis of Bonge {Enuni. liant. Chin. hor., n. 28'j), that it is probably of Chinese origin, M. Delavay having met with it not only cultivated, but also in woods. It has not been observed in a wild state in Japan, where it is still rare in cultivation. The plant is fully described by M. de Maximowicz in the Bulletin dc la Soc. Lup. des yaturaHsts, Moscou:, vol. liv, n. 4. Our further experience of the plant during the last winter confirms our opinion as to its hardihood in the open ground, its prolific habit, and agreeable flavour. It was first figured in the Gar- deners' Chmnicle, January 7, 1888, p. l-'i. 'We owe a partial apology to JNIessrs. Carter for disputing their proposed name of Chinese Artichoke, for it turns out that it is really of Chinese origin. When Messrs. Carter withdraw the certainly incorrect term Arti- choke, we will present them with the other half of the apology ' New Garden Plants.— The April number of the Kew Bulletin contains a list of the new plants, mentioned or described, in the various horticultural journals, the principal trade catalogues for the year 1888, in continuation of the corresponding list for 1887 published last year. These lists are most valuable. Nottinghamshire Horticultural and Botanical Society.— The next monthly meeting will be held at the Arboretum Rooms, Nottingham, on Wednesday, April 17, at 7.30 p.m., when Mr. J. D. Peakson, Chilwell House, will read 'a paper on " Dafl^odils and Narcissi." An exhibition of speci- men blooms will be held, containing many new and rare specimens of these flowers; and special prizes will be given for the best hand-bouquets, centre- piece for table, SiC. Daffodils from Cork.— Mr. Baylor Hart- land sends us nice fresh blooms of The Vicar of Lulworth, so named at the Narcissus Conference of 1887. It has a perfect bloom — perianth primrose colour, with segments about an inch lung, bluntly ovate, the corona a deep shade of yellow, short, but yet longer than the perianth, expanded, frilled at the margin. Mr. Hartland states that it is very dwarf, and the foliage broad and short. N. William Wilks, a handsome, small trumpet Daffodil, with expanded flat perianth segments standing out at a right angle to the corona, and of very pale piimrose-yellow ; the corona is l>ut little expanded at the orifice, and is pleated along the edge, tiie colour a soft shade of yellow. It formerly was known as Sabiui. N. Burbidgii is of the Foeticus section, the corona having a brilliant deep orange edge. It is very early at Coik. LinNEAN Society.— At the evening meeting, to be held on April 18, at 8 p.m., the following papers will be read: — 1, " On the comparative morphology ol the Conifenv," by Dr. Maxwell T. Masters, F.K.S. 2, " On Helcion pellucidum," by H. J. Harvev Gibson, F.L.S. Plum Culture in B0SNIA.--The most im- portant product of Bosnia is Plums, and the food in a dried state is the principal article of export. The poorest peasant (says Mr, Consul F. B. Freeman, of Serajevo) has a few Plum trees by his hovel, wealthy landowners never think of planting any other kind of tree by their country houses, and on the result of the Plum crop, more than any other, depends the well-being of the agricultural population. Accurate statistics of the crop are not available, but in a good season about 40,000 tons of dried fruit are exported, representing a money value exceeding £200,000. The fruit is not only grown for dessert, however; a large quantity is consumed in the making of a spirit commonly drunk in the country, and known as Slibovitz. The Bosnians, moreover, are great makers of jam, and they prepare from the Plum a large quantity, which is manufactured without sugar. The export of dried fruit is almost entirely to Austria and Hungarv ; it does not appear that any of it comes to this coimtry. Possibly, however, a market may hereafter be found for it in England ; for the product ia increasing, and the local Govern- ment has turned its attention to the establishment of drying ovens of a superior description to those hitherto in use. A large proportion of the crop of 1887 is said to have been lost, owing to the primitive and inefficient way in which the fruit was dried, M. Chevreul.— This grand old Frenchman, who died a day or two since in hi^ 103rd year, demands a tribute of homage as a hardworking man of science to the last— one who contributed in no small degree to the advancement of science and its application to practical ends. When the bedding-out fever was at its height, Chevrevl's book on colour was often invoked. United Horticultural Benefit and Pro- vident Society.— The quarterly meeting of the above Society was held on Monday evening last, at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, Strand. The chair was taken at 8 o'clock by Mr. E. Berry, and the usual business was gone through. Three new members were elected, making a total of nineteen for the past three months. A sum of about illl has been paid to sick members during the quarter ; but at the present time there is only one on the funds. Birmingham and Midland Counties, April 10 and 11. — This was the tenth annual spring show, and the display compared favourably with that of former years. Orchids were a good feature, Messrs, Kenrick, Wvan, and ^Marriott being the leading exhibitors; and it is to he remarked that there was no contribution of Orchids from the Highbury col- lection ; spring bulbs were, however, shown well from that place — other prizes in this section being taken by ^Messrs. Showkll, Woollev, Millwauo and BitowN and Mrs. Marhjold. Auriculas and Cyclamen were very good from Mr. Clements, and miscellaneous non-competing groups of good quality were sho\\n from Messrs. Pope & Sons, ^'ERTEUA^^, XiEMAXD & Thomson, all of Birmingham. Sheffield Horticultural Society.— At a meeting held on ord inst., a jiaper on " The Axalea,' dealing with its cultivation, Sec, was read by Mr. C. CooKE, Itotherham. There was also a nice suuiU exhibit of plants by various members. Notices of Books. Key to the System of Victorian Plants. By Baron Ferd. von Mueller. (Melbourne, 1887-88. We hold it almost as an article of faith that the botanical tyro should begin his education by making himself acquainted with the plants by which he is surrounded. It is the natural i>lan, the way in which thechild is familiarised with everyday impressions and becomes enal>led eventually to analyse them, trace[thent to their source, and turn them to account. To proceed from theknown to the unknown is the safest plan, and involves less unlearning in the (uture. We know this is not the most popular plan now-a-days, when a student is set to work at the microscopical struc- ture and the microphysics of the cell before he is aide to recognise the dill'erence between a Butter- cup and a Sunflower, or, at any rate, before he is able to convey any intelligible account of those diiTerences to any one else. The system of teaching by the in- vestigation of selected "types" is excellent, but it is open to the risk thut the- pupil looks to his April V\ 1889.] THE GABDENEFS' CHBONICLE. 467 " types " and to nothing beyond them, lie does not, as he should do, take them tis illustrations and ex- amples to be com pared \Yithothers,but he con tines him- self to those particular plants an' to none other. The consequence is that in the examiiiatiun room, if one of the said types is put bf fore the candidate he generallv gives a pretty good account of it and often in the very words of his text-book, but if some other nearly allied plant be submitted to him, he is often unable to apply what he has been taught to the new com- bination be fore him, and he will make tlie excuse "I do not know anything about this specimen, because it is not one of the types," A little preliminary know- ledge of the wild plants of his own neighbourhood, or of the orders represented by garden flowers, would secure a wider and Jirmer nucleus than the student now gets, around which to gather the details of minute anatomy and life-history. But botany un- diiubtedly oflers ditliculties to the beginner; it is undoubtedly very hard to make out the name of a plant from the descriptions given in books ; illustra- trations are often misleading, and at best are evasions. Any plan, therefore, which renders the preliminary labour easier and less irksome is wortliy of praise. It may not be the mo>;t philosophical method, but it will sometimes prove the means of starting a naturalist on his career who would be completely deterred by more philosophically correct ]>rocedure3. Bentham, the greatest pure systeraatist of our times, began by the study of the analytical method of Lamarck, and how greatly he remained influenced by it, is shown by the series of Colonial Floras, in which he always employed analytical keys to facilitate the researches of the student, and especially in his Handhook of the Bri/ish Fhra. Baron von Mueller, who has already done so much to foster and develope all branches of botany in his adopted country, now presents us with a key to tlie system of Victorian plants. The title is perhaps a little ambiguous, but an inspection of the book shows that it is appropriate. An analytical table or key, being framed wholly on grounds of convenience, may, ofcourse, be purely artificial orarbitiary in its arrange- ment. A natural system, the aim of which is to secure an arrangement which shall most closely represent the real or assumed allinities or degrees of filiation and descent, shuuld, could it be perfected, liave nothing more arbitrary about it than a genea- logical pedigree ; each plant should be in its proper place, and its exact relationship to all other plants should be precisely defined. Unfortunately thia ideal has not been reached, and many circumstances concur to render it impossible that it ever will be realised. Nevertheless, it is capable of constant improvement, and every new fact is a step to perfec- tion. Baron von Mueller, in the work before us, com- bines the purely analytical and the purely genealo- gical methods with great skill. The principle is purely logical. A plant possesses certain character- istics or it does not ; hence an alternative is otiered to the student for his choice. He begins with two alternatives — a plant, for instance, has floral organs. Or it has none : if it has, the venules of the leaf are mostly divergent, or they are mostly parallel. And proceeding exactly in the same way, with a choice of successive alternatives, the student at length arrives at his goal ; he has ascertained, first, the name of the main division to which his plant belongs, then the order, then the genus, and lastly the species ; and in so doing he has incidentally, but of necessity, learnt much of the characters of the order, genus, and species — information which will be increasingly serviceable as he goes on and compares one plant with another. Baron Von Mueller's book is pro- fessedly adapted for the colony of Victoria only, but it will prove nearly as serviceable for Tasmania, and, indeed, for a large portion of the Australian conti- nent south of the tropic, and east of the centre. Its use to plant collectors and gardeners who have to deal with Victorian plants will be very great. The least satisfactory part of the volume — or, we should rather say, the one that will give rise to the greatest differences of opinion — is the terminology adopted. Barou vou Mueller, struck with the incon- sistencies, inaccuracy, and misleading character of some of the botanical terms which have been handed down to us from our forefathers, sometimes from veiy ancient times indeed, makes an eflbrt to correct them or to replace them by others more in accord- ance with the knowledge of the times. We greatly sympathise with the JJaron's desires, but in the case of an elementary book of this character, professedly artificial in its treatment, the balance of convenience will probably be found in tiie retention of many of the old terms, and in the very cautious and carefully considered substitution of new ones. For an advanced treatise, intended for experts, the case is different — then the terminology should be in accordance with the knowledge of the day. The Baron may well plead in favour of the course he had adopted the circumstance that he is writing in a new country, and for students not habituated to old world methods. By substituting where requisite, a new terminology, the teacher obviates the necessity of thp pupil having to unlearn much tiiat he has learnt. The terms iilbumen, rilt, nerve, vein, ovary, and many others in common upi-. are all incorrect; and the juipil would make serious blunders if he confounded them with parts of the same name in the animal kingdom. Nevertheless we do not think any thing would be gained by substi- tuting albument for albumen when we have " peri " and "endosperm" already — nor do we think the abolition of the word " beaked," because it applies also to zoology, would be compensated by the adop- tion of " upwards much attenuated." Incidentally we may mention an error into which many botanists fall in the use of the word attenuate when they mean narrowed or angustate, or i-ice versa. The " epidermis " is not replaceable by '" cuticle " in botany. "Facial" is not necessarily equivalent to anterior, and botanists would certainly expose themselves to ridicule if tliey spoke of a tail as a " basal attenuation." To the writer's views on nomenclature and priority there will probably be fewer objections raised, in spite of a tendency in some of the moderns to undo the sim- plicity and convenience of the Linuean nomencla- ture and the CandoUean laws. The few changes made by the Baron in the allocation of the orders will mostly be welcomed as more fully expressive (than older arrangements) of the real relationships of the groups in question. Professed liotanistssliould read the author's paper, entitled "Considerations of Phytographic Expres- sions and Arrangements," read before theRoyal So- ciety of Xew South Wales before using, particularly before criticising the " Key to the System. " Indeed, it is unfortunate that this paper was not added to the volume as part of the introduction. In a previously issued volume, of which the present is the fellow and the complement, the names of the orders and genera are given in their usual sequence, without descriptive detail, and a series of woodcut illustrations of great value is given. Altogether, Baron von Mueller amply merits the congratulations and the gratitude of his fellow-workers and of students on the suc- cessful completion of what must have been a tedious and difficult task. The Apiary. Wk had just completed painting a long row of beehives, and made them look quite smart, when melancholy news reached us from Scotland. One of the craft in that country has invented (so he says) a hive which is not only going to eclipse every hive which has gone before it, but which will cause every beekeeper in existence to chop up his hives for fire- wood and take to the new one for ever. I, of course, take this with a grain of salt, and do not think I shall chop mine up this season, after the bad sea- son we had in 1888, and after the paint mentioned above. Scotland has lately lost a great beekeeper in the person of Mr. William Raitt, one of the editors of the Boekeepcf's limord. He was a very clever man, and, like others who are really clever, very humble. Originally a successful schoolmaster in a Scotch elementary school, he gave up that drudgery for Strawberry growing and beekeeping. He was very successful with the Strawberries, but competition at length caused him to give them up, and he kept to beekeeping and the manufacture of comb-foundation. He was the first to introduce a lomb-foundation machine into the British Isles from America, and was very proud of it. llis comb-foundation was iu great repute. Ho died suddenly and painlessly iu the early part of -January. The Uoyal Agricultural Show at Windsor is raising great expectations, and it is hoped that beekeejiers will put forth their full strength, and send what appli- ances and honey they can. It is too early in the year to expect much of the latter unless we have a very extraordinary season. Bees may now be examined in the middle of warm fine days, and their wants attended to. If a hive is not very strong in bees, sometimes they will not lake to syi'up readily, much as they may require it. In this case it is a very good ])lan to take out an empty comb, and fill tlie vacant cells with syrup, and put it down amongst the cluster. This will arouse the bees, and they will be much strengthened, and led to look upon things Iiopefuliy. After this they might be fed from the top, as usual, for we do not advise the combs to be meddled with more than necessary. The spreading of the brood, advised by some, we regard as worse than useless, unless done by a very skilled hand. Ike, Orchid Notes and Gleanings. DENDROBIUM KINGIANUM. As a species that can be grown in a cool house, and as one of the distinct Australian group of Den- drobiums, this deserves recognition. It is a most variable plant, some forms being of great beauty, as the figure in the Orchid Alhuni for 188" shows. The pseudobulbs are 4 to 9 inclies long, tapering towards the top, where they bear three or four leaves, and where the flower-spikes also originates. This is 15 to 10 inches in length, and generally carries from eight to twelve flowers, sometimes considerably more. The colour of the flower varies greatly; in Bol . Mag.y t. 4.527, it is given *as jiurple ; in the Orchid. Alhuni a white variety is figured, which a plant now floweisng at Kew greatly resembles, except that the flowers have a more rosy tint, the lip being dotted with rose-purple. Each flower is 1 to Ih inch across, with two lateral sepals produced into a chin. In the matter of culture this species is a welcome contrast to the majority of Australian Dendrobes, being easy both to grow and propagate. It appears to succeed equally well either in the cool or inter- mediate-house, and may be grown in pots of peat- fibre, or on suspended blocks of wood. The latter method is to be preferred, as it accords with the habit of the plant, and enables the spikes of flowers to be shown to the best advantage. W. B, Cypripedium Wii.liahsianum. X This plant will thrive in a lower temperature than its parents (C, villosum and C. Harrisianum), as we find the heat of the Cattleya-house best suited to its requirements. It grows well iu a mixture of rough fibrous peat and turfy loam in about equal propor- tions. Cypripediums all require thorough drainage, and they also require to be kept moist at the roots at all seasons of the year, in order to maintain them in vigorous health; during active gi-owth a liberal supply is necessary, and as it is a free-rooting varietv a slight syringing overhead in summer will be highly beneficial, at which time also shading will be necessary when the sun is powerful. " Orchid Alburn,^' February. CiT-LOOYXE COSFERTA, There is quite a large group of Ccelogynes with fiowera similar in colour to those of this species, but 468 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 13, 1889. which are distinguishable by differences in habit, size, and time of flowering. A plant received from Sir Trevor Lawrence is flowering now in the Kew collection, and proves to be quite a pretty little gem — perhaps the smallest of the group. The flowers are 1.^- inch across, witii tlie sepals and petals white, and the three-lobed lip yellow except at the apex, which is also white. Several of this type of Ccclogyne, such as C. oculata, C. corymbosa, and C. ochracea, are very effective when grown on rafts of Teak on which is placed a half-inch layer of peat and sphagnum. They do well in the inter- mediate-house. W. B. DEXDnOBIU-M FIMBniArCM. I recently noted a finely flowered example of the above Dendrobe in Lady Majoribanks' interesting collection of Orchids, at Tillmouth Park, Northum- berland, and althougli the plant was only what may be termed a half-sized specimen, in a 7-inch pot, it bore sixteen nodes of bloom. When well-flowered, as was this, it is one of the showiest of the genus. Amongst a number of other fine things in flower at the same place were some splendid plants of Dendro- bium nobile, which Mr. Mcintosh, the gardener, grows exceedingly well, some of the growths made last season being quite a yard in length. J. Q. Dendhobiusi nobile var. KOniLIUS. A recent note shows that this Orchid retains its high value. Eight guineas for a plant with only three pseudobulbs is a large price ; but it is more consistent than the prices given for some hybrid Cypripediums, for few will not agree that this variety of the old D. nobile is the most beautiful of all Dendrobiums. It combines the advantages of large size and fine colour without being in the least degree gaudy. There is a plant now flowering at Kew with over twenty pseudo-bulbs, the flowers 3.} inches in diameter. The colour of the sepals and petals is a deep, glowing rosy-purple, except at the base of each, which is paler. The lip has a blotch of the darkest purple on the centre. The variety D. Sanderiana is also in flower. It appears to be very similar, and the additional name scarcely necessary. W. U. PuAL.E.NOrSIS AJLlUILIa. As you will observe, the spike herewith sent measures 2 feet 3 inches in length, with ten fully- expanded blooms, and four buds yet to open, which with two blooms that have damped off, make a total of sixteen blooms without a branch. The individual blooms measure rather more than .'iA inches in diameter. I grow the Phal.'enopsis on the north side of the East India house, and chiefly in Teak wood cylinders, with very little packing material between the roots, and this consists of charcoal and sphagnum moss, plenty of water being afl'orded the plants in the season of growth. The floor of the house is sluiced down with manure-water, or is sprinkled with guano in the evening during that period ; and I do not use any fixed shading for them. The leaves made two years ago measure .5 inches in length by 2h inches in width, and in the past season the plants made leaves 14 inches long by 4 inches wide. I consider the key to Phahcnopsis growing to be high temperature and abundance of root moisture, and in the air at the proper season, and these are far more essential than the aspect of the house or the position of the plants within it. A. Erajis, Li/thr Hill, Haslemerc. [The specimen sent amply confirms our correspondent's statement. Ed.] The Briers, Chislehtjrst. At this place the owner, Mr, Watt, has taken greatly to Orchids, and has built two houses, one being for the cultivation of Cattleyas, and the other for Odontoglossums, aud such as need a similar temperature and treatment. So far only such Orchids as are choice and rare have been purchased, and among the plants noted were Cattleya Wagneri, Cypripedium Scbrodera;, C. grande, C. bellatulum, C. CroBsianum, C. cardinale, Dendrobium Cooksonii. Of Orchids in bloom at the time of my visit were Cattleya Trianaj in variety, C. Lawrenceana, On- cidium sarcodes (this plant was carrying a branch- ing spike of 147 flowers), Dendrobium nobile, D. n. nobilius, D. barbatulum (dense clusters of pure white flowers of long duration), Odontoglossum citrosmum allium, Warscewiczella discolor, Phaius Wallichii ; also a very handsome variety of Oncidium Kramerianum, Cypripedium Godefroyie,C. Argus, the lovely C. hirsutissimum, PhaUcnopsis Schilleriana, P. amabilis and P. grandiflora, Angraicum hyaloides, A. citratum, A. Leonii, and several more. Mr. Humerston, Mr. Watts' gardener, seems to be a successful grower of these plants, W. Bobbins. ONE WAY TO GEOW NARCISSUS. We are indebted to Mr. Burbidge for the oppor- tunity of illustrating (fig. Sb) a method of growing these plants adopted by the Chinese, and indeed not altogether unknown here. The bulbs are simply placed ia a bowl of water mixed with stones, some of which are placed over the bulbs so as to prevent them from floating. The variety figured is Grand Emperor, one of the Tazetta group, and which is held in high esteem by the Chinese, especially at their new year's festivals. The water should be changed every twenty-four hours. As the growth is rapid it is very interesting to watch. The story con- nected with the Water Fairy Flower has often been told, but it ia worth repeating in Mr. Burbidge's words: — " Thus once upon a time a father left his pro- perty to his two sons with the understanding that it should be equally divided ; but the elder son seized all the tilUible land and left the younger nothing but an acre covered with rocks and water. The yonuger son, failing to obtain Justice, sat at the water's edge bemoaning his misfortune. A bene- volent fairy appeared, and giving him these Nar- cissus bulbs, told him to drop them into the water. Shortly afterwards their flowers were developed, and the neighbours crowded to see the fairy's gift. In the course of a few years the badly-treated brother accumulated a fortune by the rapid increase and sale of liis bulbs. Then the elder brother, envious of the prosperity of the younger, bought up great numbers of the bulbs — hoping to get a mono- poly by getting all of them — at so heavy a price, that he was obliged to mortgage his property to jirocure funds for the purpose. He planted all his good land with bulbs, but they soon began to die, as they cannot live long out of water. He was ruined, while his brother, who had bought the mort- gage, foreclosed it, and became possessed of the whole estate in time to replant some of the dying bulbs in the watery acre." The Flower Garden. The Tendrukr Sorts of Bkdding Plants.— To be enabled to increase the space for tender plants under glass any Violas and Pansies which it is not yet convenient to plant in their summer stations may be removed from glass structures and planted on warm sheltered borders, or at the foot of fiuit walls. These plants, and Verbenas, Calceolarias, &c., I have often treated in this way, and besides the con- venience of the arrangement the transplanting becomes of benefit to the plants, as they move without check at the final transplanting. With the exception of Alternantheras, all plants raised from cuttings may now be planted in boxes or potted, as the case may be. Alternantheras are the most readily increased of plants, and by making up slight hotbeds in frames and placing a layer of light sandy soil about 4 inches thickness, madi- firm, the cuttings may be pricked out from .'I to 4 inches ajmrt ; keep the frames close till the cuttings are well rooted, then afford air freely whenever the weather is mild. The plants may remain on these beds until they can be finally planted out in the beds. Hardy Amtuah. — Any of these may now be sown in the open border. IjupinH, Larkspurs, Coreopsis, Mignonette, and Sweet Peas are as easy to gro^v as weeds, and .seeds are cheap, so that all who are fond of the easily grown subjects, and have a little space of ground, should grow them. Sprinr/ F/oircr6,~Ot the hftU-dozen varieties of Dafl'odils that we possess, none is more beautiful than the Tenby, and none is larger, showier, or freer, than Sir Watkin, The varieties Emperor and Empress are also showy, but the two colours of the flowers do not tell in the mass as do the deep yellow of the first-named. Slugs are very destructive of the flowers and vigilance is required to preserve them from injury. Fresh lime, wood-aahes, bran, sawdust, and cocoa fibre are all of them good preventives, the latter being neatest in use, and bran the most tempt- ing bait for those to use who do not mind searching for the slugs late in the evening and early in the morning. It reall>' seems as if no kind of flower is exempt from the attack of slugs this season, for the blossom of Anemone blanda, Grape Hyacinths, Squills, and even Wallflowers, have been injured by them, and as a matter of course, such wholesale injury demands the immediate application of reme- dies, and increased watchfulness in the future. Annuals. — With but very few exceptions these are best raised in frames, or on a sunny border, by the aid of hand-lights, but I do not forget that in some gardens neither of these appliances are at command, and when tliat is the case, the varieties grown should consist only of those kind which will do well under open-air treatment from the first. This class is sufficiently numerous for any garden, and it is simply a matter of waiting two or three weeks longer for the flowers than those need to do who have the con- venience named, because sowing can be done in these structures weeks before it is advisable to sow in the open borders. The present is sufficiently early to sow in the open Stocks, Asters, Lupins, Silenes, Larkspurs, Candytufts, CoUinsias. Coreopsis, Gode- tias, Nemophilas, Sanvitalias, Salpiglossis, Sweet Sultan, Convolvulus, Canary Creeper, and any others in favour. Seeds of all these plants are so cheap, that a couple of shillings spent in the purchase of greater numbers would prove a good investment, inasmuch as all the plots required might be sown at once, and by this means saving the labour and time expended in trans- plantation, not to mention the risk there is some- times of transplanted seedlings raised in this manner not doing well. It is the best to sow seed of all the plants that are required, and which, by timely thinning out and guarding against the depredations of slugs, will prove as good as frame-raised plants, except in the matter of earliness. Stocks, Asters, Zinnias, Phlox Drummondii, and others that were sown in frames a few weeks since, will now require full exposure to the air, except during frosty or rainy weather. Stocks and Phloxes do not trans- plant well from the seed-bed, no matter how thin the seed is sown, and pricking out of these must be done as soon as they can be handled. The others, with care, may be transplanted direct from the seed- bed, but they do much better when pricked out at first. Seedling Verbenas, Lobelias, and other half-hardy bedding-plants will do in the frames used for prick- ing ofi" Stocks and Phloxes, heat for these being now unnecessary. BeihJiny Plan/.''. — Pyrethrum (Golden Feather) is invaluable, but being so easily raised and grown it has become so common that I use just as little of it as possible, and that little is raised by the aid of handlights placed on a sunny bank in the kitchen garden. The lights are taken ofi' as soon as the seedlings are well up, and, except to water them sometimes, nothing else is done to them till they are transplanted to their summer quarters. The varie- gated Mesembryanthemum is ray favourite substitute for the Golden Feather, and, except that it needs warmth to strike and grow it on for bedding, it is in other respects as little trouble to raise. If the beds are not occupied with spring flowers Calceolarias, Verbenas. Violas, and Pansies may be finally planted out ; and where Echeverias are still used as edging plants, they may now be planted out without risk. They are nearly hardy in this part of the country — ours have wintered well, notwithstandiug the severity of the weather in the early part of the year. I have got tired of them because of their artificial appear- ance, and they are now only used in the most formal cnrpet-tied arrangements. As the interest in hardy perennial plants increases, I hope that both these formal plants, and indeed formal arrangements alto- gether will disappear. Although, as a rule, Suuflowers, Kicinus, Hemp, and Tobacco, do beat when raised in heat, potted on, and planted out at the end of May, I liave successfully raised them by sowing the seeds in the beds. In dry warm positions this may be done without risk of failure, and if small bell-glasses can be used till the plants are an inch or two high, it will hasten their growth and prevent damage by slugs, IV, Wildsmit/i, Hakfidd, H<^nts, AfHiL 13, 1889.1 TUB GAnDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 469 Home Correspondence, 1^^ Corrcspvndenfs wiUgrcatty oblige by sending carfg inieUiqcncc of local events likely to he of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or dratt'ings of gardens, or of remarkahU plants, trees, ifx*., are also solicited. SALVIA GESNER>EFLORA.— This is one of the showiest of Salvias, and the plant, when not pinched much, has a nice free pyramidal habit, the branches being sufficiently stout to maintain ttieir position without staking. The flowers are large and of a soft rich shade of scarlet, and are produced in long terminal racemes which spring from the main stem and lateral branchlets. Just now it is in fine form in one of the conservatories at Great Doods, Keigate. Although the plant is ]>erennial it is generally con- sidered best to grow up fresh plants annually, and there is no difficulty in doing so, as cuttings propa- gate freely. The young plants may be placed out- of-doors when all danger from frost has passed, and be potted in their flowering pots in June. The plants flower best when grown in small pots, say, 8-inch, and when housed for the winter the exhausted soil either should be topdressed, and occasionally weak manure- water may be given, which is preferable to overpotting them. F. Boss. THE GARDENERS" ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTI- TUTION.— As so many kind friends have contri- buted liberally towards the £3000 required by next June, I think gardeners ought to do their best by way of supporting those liberal donors. I think if every gardener would give his £1 Is., and then ask the clergyman of his district for a little help on Easter Sunday — if only for a port of tiie usual col- lection— the amount might be considered secured. I have made a start in that direction myself (en- closing the list of subscriptions up to the present) in the following way : — " Sir, — As gardeners have frequently given their support to the Royal Agricultural Benevolent Insti- tution, might I ask, please, if you would kindly think of its 'twin sister' on Easter Sunday, for which we shall be much obliged ? TVe think the floral decorations will help the cause ; or, if you prefer, a small donation will be thankfully received. "TheKev. ." J. Perkins, ORCHARD FRUITS.— The gi'adual development of all hardy fruit trees is being watched with great interest throughout all our market garden districts, where a crop is a matter of such supreme importance, and may mean the making of many growers after the somewhat defective seasons which have passed, just as the loss of a crop may break many. Not only are the trees and bushes generally looking remarkably well, and studded with fruit-spurs, but the continued comparatively low temperature keeps the buds so much in check, that there is little prospect of any considerable quantity of bloom being expanded until the spring is well advanced. That is doubtless a gain, although there may be some reason to fear that too prolonged checking may weaken the bloom ; but the chief interest, after all, rather lies in watch- ing the effects of the previous wet, cold summer upon the fruit bloom. There were last year plenty of fears expressed that, with such excessive moisture at the roots, and lack of sunshine, the wood would be so indifterently ripened that it would not carry fertile fruit-bnds. Against that fear is to be set the fact that in no case was growth on trees of any description, abnormal or coarse ; indeed, it was a remarkable fact that the great drought of the pre- ceding year, and the exceeding wetness of the past year, alike seemed to exercise but little diverse in- fluence upon deep-rooting trees. Now the wood on all kinds of trees seems to be just as firm and healthy as may be noted at any time ; therefore, if a good fruit crop does not result this year, the wood will hardly be in fault. In the case of bush fruits, those look remarkably well, so far as leaf-buds are concerned, and seem full of promise. A. D. A NEW DAFFODIL.— The variety— of which a few blooms are now sent that you may observe its charac- teristics — originated in Lord Annesley's park, Castlewellan, Co. Down. It is one of the most hardy and vigorous of any Daflbdils I am acquainted with, and has been in flower since the beginning of January. The flowers \vliich are sent were gathered in the open, and the large masses of it are very beautiful. tSome of the clumps have from forty to fifty flowers open at one time. The flowers last ten days after being cut, and it should prove a capital variety to gi'ow for market. 'Slv. B. llartland says that it lasts longer in condition than any other wliich he has. T. Ryan, Castlfwcllan, Co. Down. [We have also received specimens of this fine Dallbdil from Mr. llartland. En.] HEATHS BULB MITE EXTERMINATOR.— After many and exhaustive experiments, extending over a series of years, Mr. Heath, the gardener at Sedgwick, whose article on Violet cultivation appeared recently in your columns, has at length succeeded in pro- ducing a chemical compound, which proves fatal to thi:^ most destructivejpest. 1). Hartley, Kcndai, [A sample should be sent for trial to Chiswick. Ed.] CAMELLIA JUBILEE. -To the excellent list of Camellias given on p. 4"J7, I should like to add the above-named variety. It is very free to flower, as Fig. 85.— NABCissrs tazetta (see p. 468). also to grow, and yet not too large, with foliage that is sometimes partly variegated, although I cannot say that this freak is any improvement to its appearance. The colour of the flower is white, marbled with rose, the centre nearly white, the imbricated petals broad and round — a shapely flower, which is generally admired. S. RHODODENDRON PRINCESS ALICE.— A magnifi- cent example of this beautiful hybrid greenhouse variety was noted on the occasion of a recent visit to Tower House, Chiswick, the reidence of J. Donald- son, Esq. The specimen was growing in an 18-inch pot, and was can7ing 300 trusses of its deliciously scented bell-shaped white flowers flushed with pink. It may be of value to gardeners to describe the main points of the method of culture pursued by the gar- dener, Mr. T. Bones. After flowering, the seed- pods are carefully picked off, the plant is kept rather close, and it is syringed on bright days to encourage growth. When the growth has well commenced, diluted manure water from the stable is given once a week, the plant is aflbrded water on all other occa- sions, and when it is dry enough to wet the whole of the ball. After the growth is completed, the plant is placed in the open until 'Jie end of the month of September when it is taken into a cool-house, plenty of air being given on favourable occasions. These plants are very impatient o*f frost. After the plant lias set its flower-buds, a house ranging in warmth from 40^^ to 50° is found to suit its requirements admirably. In repotting big shifts must not be given, and the soil must be made firm ; good drain- age is another essential to success, while as to soil, good tuify peat is the best, and plenty of sand should be mixed with it. Ji. ROSE GLOIRE DE DIJON.— I quite agree with what " Kusa " says (p. 4'_'8;, that the old Glory is the king of garden Roses in whatever position it is placed. The blooms cannot compare in colour with those of a Marcchal Niel at its best, but for general usefulness in any position it certainly has no^rival. I have seen splendid hedges, from ."JO to 50 yards long, of this Rose, growing 5 feet high, aud fairly smothered with blooms, in the month of September, where I have also noted it growing on the north side of a dwelling-house, rambling well; and on the south side of the same house this Rose was also planted ; and what a long succession of bloom was secured from these plants on the two diverse aspects. For flowering during March and April in the green- house, Gloire de Dijon is indispensable. It is from the strong shoots of the previous year that the finest blooms are produced. This Rose has the excellent character of rooting freely from cuttings, and being a robust grower, it soon forms good plants. When it is worked upon the Brier it succeeds admirably. S, GROWTH.— How much the weather of the inter- vening months of February and March has dis- counted the promise of mild January I Here we are in the month of April, and really the i)rogress in growth seems little beyond what was seen when January went out. All movement is so slow that much concern is aroused lest the summer-time should be upon us before the crops are forward enough to resist heat and drought, should such features mark tlie ensuing summer-time. Such very hardy things as Peas and Broad Beans make scarcely any movement. The seeds have lain dormant in the soil so long that germinative powers seem to be appreciably weakened. Those who regarded the sound advice given earlier in the year, to sow later than usual, have found themselves to be none the better for early sowing, and something the worse. Not only has the ground been exceptionally cold all along, but continuous cold nights, northerly winds, and /requent cold showers, keep it so ; hence there is no inducement on tlfe part of either seeds or plants to move freely. Very hardy things, such aa Primroses, Polyanthuses, Daffodils, &c., seem to take no heed, but Pansies, and many similar less hardy plants, are exceptionally late in showing bloom. Fruit trees seem to be very late, the bloom- buds coming on very slowly. Without doubt a week or so of really warm spring-like weather would pro- duce a great outburst of bloom on Pears, Plums, Cherries, &c., but week after week passes by, and the warmth does not come. It may be thought advantageous to have a late spring, but a late spring means a short summer, and a short summer always signifies imperfect developement and maturation in a climate where the summer is seldom too warm. A. J). FIQ8. — Of the varieties of the Figs grown in this country in the open air, none is better known than the Brown Turkey, or Lee's Perpetual, as it is some- times called. It is prolific, hardy, and of good quality. The Brunswick is another excellent Fig for the open air ; it is an abundant bearer, the fruit large and well flavoured. The Castle Kennedy Fig is a very suitable variety for a wall, although some have found it to be a somewhat shy bearer. I have not found this to be the case ; but, on the contrary, prolific and somewhat early, and quality very good. The Fig tree, in all its varieties, being somewhat tender, it ia advisable, when cultivated in the open air, to give a slight protection of some kind during the winter months, such as a slight thatching of Rye, or Wheat- straw, or reeds, which should not be altogether removed until the latter part of the month of April. The Fig may also be succssfuUy cultivated in the bush or standard form in the unheated orchard- house, or, what is still better, trained to a south wall under a glass roof with facility for thorough ventilation. Many years ago, in 470 THE GARDENEttS' GHBONIGLE. [April 15, 1889. a large garden in one of the eastern counties, where the land was very light, and also on the chalk formation, a portion of a high wall facing south, and some 120 feet in length was devoted to the Fig trees. During an exceptionally severe winter, however, when the temperature fell many degrees below zero, and altliough the hig trees were slightly protected, they were killed to the ground. During; the early part of the ensuing summer the roots of the plants thrust out many strong ihoots, the beat placed and strongest of whicli were nailed in, and the rest removed. It was then resolved to cover the whole south side of the wall with glass, wliich took the form of a so-called case, which was done at a comparatively small cost. Tills case consisted of two equal divisions, one being furnislied with hot- water pipes, and the other left unheated. The wall was more than 12 feet high, and the shoots were trained to it vertically at about 1 foot 9 inches ajiart. These leading shoots were encouraged to develope lateral or fruit-bearing branches, which were annually thinned out. and very weakly ones rubbed otF, while any leading shoot which failed to develope spurs or bearing branches was, as far as possible, induced to do so by a careful notching of the rind, to encourage dormant buds to break. It should also be stated that the roots were raised and carefully pruned, and a suitable soil freely mixed with the staple. The trees soon became very pro- ductive, and continued so for many years, and, so far as I know, up to the present time, although they must now be very old. The trees in the heated compartment ripened iheir fruit more or less early, as might be desired, and were succeeded by the trees in the unheated division, which, in its turn, was succeeded by the second crop from the trees in the early compartment, so that the season of ripe Pigs was greatly lengthened. A shelf put up in the front of this case, and extending its entire length, was found useful for bringing forward Strawberries in pots, French Beans, Tomatos, &c. All varieties of the Fig are successfully cultivated under glass, but some varieties bear better and are finer flavoured than others. The following, however, ra ay, with confidence, be recommended, viz. : — Brown Ischia, Brown Turkey, Black Bourjassotte, Grizzly Bourjasotte, Castle Kennedy, and Negro Largo, the last named considered to be one of the verv best. P. G. SNAP8 OF FROST. — The "snaps" of frost to which your correspondent, "Wild Rose," recently alluded, have, I fear, done more damage than at first appeared. At Messrs. Peed's nurseries, Mitcham Koad, Streatham, hundreds of trained Apricot trees in the open have been killed outright. I thought at first that they had been planted in the autumn, and were more susceptible in consequence ; but I learnt, on inquiry, that they had not been disturbed for more than a year. Some of the stocks, even, were injured — the julien suffering more than the JIussel stock. Peaches and Nectarines planted in .idjoining quarters were less injured than the Apricots. Kver- greens, such as Bays, Laurustinus, and Euonymus, have fared badly, and Koses of all kinds will have to be cleared of much frost-bitten wood. The damage was probably caused by the sudden changes of tem- perature which characterised the winter of 1888-0. Sharp " freezes," as the Americans say, occurred on several occasions after storms of mingled snow and rain, and the branches were more affected than they would have been by dr}' frost. I was glad to see plenty of fruit-buds on the pyramid Apple trees, and it is pretty evident that on the Paradise stocks Apple trees of even tender varieties defy the severities of our variable climate. W. It, Strcathani Hill. TRADESCANTIA 2EBR1NA. — According to the JJictionary of Gardening the proper name of Trades- cantia Zebrina is now Zebrina pendula. If there is anything in a name—and most people will assert that there is— it is certainly pertinent of this case, inasmuch as the new name is far more descriptive of the plant than the old one, as will easily be seen when we note its creeping or pendulous habit with its striped leaves. There are at least four more or less well-marked varieties, but I think they may all be referred to two — namely the green and the purple or green, and silver-banded forms. The first has a variety of creamy-yellow and white stripes, and the second a creamy-white and rose-tinted variegation. In both of these much-coloured varieties, it is not unusual for one-half of the leaves to be of the variegating colour, the other half— the mid-rib dividing it— to b<' of the ground colour, but the varie- gation is frequently marginal only, or in parallel bands. The under side of the leaves are normally either purple or green ; but in these varieties, the colouring of the leaf is nearly the same on both sides — without, however, the lower side having the frosted silvery hme of the upper surface. This marking is most marked in the purple variety. The plant can accom- modate itself to a great variety of treatment, and may be employed ibr draping hanging-baskets or planting-out to cloak ugly features in a house ; indeed, if the temperature is warm, it may be used to furnish a carpet of verdure wherever desired. A common use for the plants is to conceal the pots at the front of a plant stage. It grows well in a temperature of 5j^, but it will stand a lower one, but will make but little growth in winter, soon however picking up on the return of summer, the best plan is to propagate fresh batches, as required, filling whatever size of pots is deemed most suitable for the purpose with any porous rich compost. Dibble the pots full. The cuttings may be dibbled in quite thickly, and if pos- sible, they should be placed in a brisk growing atmosphere ; where they will soon get established. Under those conditions they will take plenty of water, but much shading is apt to make the bright coloured sorts revert to the commoner forms. Cut sprays of the plants last well in water, and if bright coloured are really handsome. F. Ross. [Where staging is employed in warm houses the plant is ex- cellent to cover the soil or gravel beneath them. Some growers of Phalcenopsis find the plant ser- viceable to plant beneath the Orchids, as by so doing, the air of the Phalxnopsis-house is maintained in an equable, moist state without the constant attention of damping down. En.l AMORPHOPHALLUS RIVIERI.— Is it not an un- common occurrence for Amorphophallus Rivieri to flower in a greenhouse ? I have one in flower at the present moment which has been grown in a green- house all the winter, and on one occasion the green- house was visited by the frost. A. J. Hcmnicnh. fit is not usual to grow the plant in a greenhouse, but as it will grow freely in the open air in warm situa- tions, we think that it will succeed with much less warmth than it is customary to aflbrd it. Ed.] HEPATICAS. — What is the typical colour of the Ilepatica? I have two old clumps (probably thirty years in the same place) of the white Hepatica, one with white, the other with red anthers. They are both gradually becoming blue, so that this year the clumps have a centre of dark blue flowers gradually jmling off into a circle of white flowers. Does this show that the type is blue, to which they are both reverting ? Hcnn/ N. Ellacomhc, Bilfuii Vicarat/r. [The prevalent hypothesis is that the blue represents an advanced condition.] EVERGREEN ASPARAGUS.— Not long ago I sent a query to the Gardeners' Chronicle for the true name of an Asparagus thus described by Duhamel du Monceau in his Traitddcs Arhrrs, 1755 : — " Asperge toujours verte, a feuilles piquantes .... Cest la seule (pie conserve des tiges I'hyver et que forme un petit arbuste. Cette sorte d'Asperge ne craint point le froid." I am now able to answer the question myself, and say that it is as he described it, " Asparagus foliis acutis," now A. acutifolius. 1 mention it again because I would recommend it to anyone who likes a distinct hardy shrub. I have had it out for two winters unprotected, and it has nut been the least injured. The feathery dark grceu sprays are very pretty, and to show you how evergreen it is, I enclose a few sprays. //. A'. K. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. TcESDAY, Apkil 9. — The meeting on the above date at James Street, Westminster, was to have been mainly devoted to the Narcissus, but the season has proved so unpropitious that many would-be exhibitors were unable at the last moment to put in an appearance, and the interest of the day had to be divided with the Orchids, Primulas, and P;conie8 of other exhibitors, and the fine miscellaneous exhibit from Kew. A good many visitors were drawn to the hall in view of the previously issued anounce- inents, and to hear ]\[r. F. W. Biirbidge descant on the genus Narcissus. Floral Committee. Present: W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. S. Hibberd, R. Dean, P. Blair, H. Herbst.T. W. Girdlestone, E. W. Mawley, J. Walker, W. O. Leach, B. Wynne, R. B. Lowe, J. Eraser, G. Paul, II. Turner, T. Baines, W. H. Williams, and F. Ross. As suitable adjuncts to Mr. Burbidge's lecture on the Narcissus, there were comprehensive collections of cut blooms of Daflbdils and Narcissi, from Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, and from Mr. T. S. Ware, Ilale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham. In the first-named group were several of the more recent introductions, Princess Ida showing up well, the brighter yellow of the fringe of the corona being very distinctive. In Mr. Ware's group were to be noticed the more well-known favourites. Both exhibitors emjdoyed Scillas, Anemones, &c., to relieve the yellow of the Narcissi. Mr. Ware also showed a plant of Convallaria majalis prolificans, in which the perianth segments become as bracts bearing some- times perfect flowers in the axils. This plant is rather of more botanical interest than horticultural value. Jlr. R. Dean, Ealing, had a few pretty hardy Primroses, including the lately certificated " Blue Gem " and Lord Roseberry, having rich velvety carmine flowers of large size ; there is a small white flake on the centre of the edge of each petal. From Pendell Court Gardens (gr., Mr. F. Ross), there were specimens of Jlutisia Clematis, which was shown at a recent meeting by the same exhibitor, and also pieces of Kennedya rubicunda, with clusters of deep maroon-red flowers of large size ; this is a very good creeping plant for cool greenhouses. Japanese Maples in small specimens and Tree Pxonies arranged together in a group were shown by Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, the fine colours of the Pa^onies making a bright display. Conspicuous va- rieties were to be seen in the following : — Ivy, with rich rosy-carmine large flowers, semi-double, and of a charming neglifiC appearance ; Lady Cordelia, pale blush, of moderate size, erect segments, semi-double; Jlont Blanc, pure white, single ; and Clementine, deep maroon, semi-double, and of medium size. Other exhibits were a white Cineraria from Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., Paris, which received a vote of thanks ; cut trusses of Rhododendrons, from Mr. R. Gill, gr. to Mrs. Shilston, Tremough, Penrhyn, Cornwall ; Rose Gloire de Margottin, which is of a fine rich rosy-carmine colour and sweetly scented, from IMessrs. H. Lane & Son, Great Berk- hamsted ; and Carnation Souvenir de la Malmaison, from Mr. H. M. Houldsworth, Wilton. The plant bore large well-formed flowers, some being 5 inches in diameter. From H. B. May, Edmonton, came a single plant of Pteris Kex, a stout growing plant, about 18 inches in height, coarsely bipinnate, and of rich dull green colour. The plants from Kew, noticed on a previous page, consisted of Arisxma pra^cox, with a trilobate leaf, light green spathe, showing pure white, with accurately defined chocolate-brown perpendicular lines, the Hd is turned over so as to close the orifice, and is brown at the edge ; A. cnrvatum has a speckled stem and a green spathe carried high above the foliage ; A. Wrayii has a brown stem, marbled palmate leaves, the leaflets number four, and are dull green, with a rather indistinct variegation, the spathe is greenish- white ; A. concinnum has a green stem, spathe, and foliage ; A. speciosum has a mottled stem, the spathe standing on a very short footstalk— the leaves are trifoliate. Others of lesser beauty were A. Lesche- naultii and A. galeatum. A plant of Godwinia gigas had a spathe 20 inches high, standing on a stem of \- inches in height, and speckled like a partridge breast. A very pretty Orchid, Diacrium bicornutum (Epidendrum, habitat West Indies), came also from Kew ; the flowers are borne on stalks 15 inches high, and numbered twelve on a stalk, either open or in bud. Individual flowers seen aj)art from the plant have much similarity to Phalwnopsis. They are entirely white, with minute red dots on the tridentate lip. Rudgea niacrojjhylla has a terminal corymb of white tulnilar Howers, densely set together, the coriaceous leaves measure 10 inches in length by .'I inches in lireadth ; Pleurothallis insignis, native of Caraccas, has fawn- coloured sepals and petals, with a Hp of a rich brown colour; Restrepia elegans, likewise from Caracas, lias flowers of a golden ground colour, with fine red- juirple lines, Various alpiiu' Primulas were exhibiti'tl April 13, 1889.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 471 ill bloom ; several Orchis ami Ophiys, llyoscyamus orientalis, with dirty purple flowers; and a very pretty foliaged Eugenia myriophylla from Brazil, a decorative plant of great value, also as material lor bouquets, and singularly like a narrow-leaved Todo- carpus, though widely difterent in reality. Messrs. J. Veitch tt Sons, Chelsea, exhibited two Amaryllis, with flowers of moderate size, vi/.., Sirocco — a flower entirely ot a shade of crimson, including the anthers — and Zephyr, a flower with a white ground, barred and stained with red. Oeichid CoMMirrt:!-;. Present : Sir T. Lawrence, Hart., in the chair ; and Messrs. .F. ij. IJrien, E. Uill, J. Dorainy, II. Ballautyne. 11. il. PoUett, Dr. ^l. T. Jlasters, L. Castle, and F. Sander. A grand show was made by a collection staged by Baron Schroder, The Dell, Eghara (gr. Mr. Ballan- tvne). Dendrobiums nobile in various forms consti- tuted the 1 irger portion of this display, and were shown in well grown and finely flowered specimens — the colouring of the various varieties ranging from a rich rosy hues to white. The forms shown included album (^Schroder's var.), with three spikes ; Cook- soni, with four spikes; fine nobilius, and a large piece of elegans. Other Denbrobes comprised very freely flowered Leechianum, sjdendidissimum, Bry- merianum, Farmeri (very flne\ the new hybrid, O. micans, with a spike of some fifteen flowers. The sweetly- scented I), heterocarpum and the white singular D. barbatulum. with tliree spikes heavily set with flowers ; andlX euosmnm leucopterum, with a chaste and elegant flowers of wjiite with a lake throat ; the plant shown liad a profusion of flowers and the delicate undulations of the perianth segments lent a very pretty effect. i)i Lrelias, L. harpophylla and L. Lawreneiana were conspicuous in large and freely- flowered pieces. Odontoglossums were also freely shown, O. Wilckeanum, in two fine varieties, being particularly striking; the one had a spike of large flowers of rich yellow ground, with a few large brown spots ; the other had more brown markings on a paler ground. These, with a fine form of O. trium- phans, with large and finely-coloured flowers, and a plant of 0. elegans, with a well-furnished spike, were the chief of the Odontoglossums. Another very interesting lot of good plants came from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans ; there were densely flowered, well-grown pieces of D. mar- moratum, D. devouianum, and D. transparens, the delicate colourings of tliese three species being very pleasing. A good centre-piece was formed in Catt- leya Skinneri with many flowers, and there was aUo a piece of C. Lawrenceana, to whicli two or three plants of Oncidium bifoliura gave a brilliancy from their bright yellow flowers. Other good subjects were to be seen in Dendrobium Dalhousianura, D. Halli leucoglossum, a fine variety, with flowers of greenish- yellow, and heavy deep brown spots, with the lip large and white, with similar white spots ; two varieties of Cymbidium Lowianum, of good quality, each with a spike of considerable length : and a piece of Cattleya Trianx superba, pale rosy-pink, with an intensely coloured broad lip, the plants bearing a number of flowers of large size. F. G. Tautz, Esq. (gr.. >Ir. Cowley), Studley House, Goldhawk Road, Shepherd's Bush, W., con- tributed a large well-flowered piece of Cymbidium eburneura, Lycaste Sanderiana, with flne flowers ; a rich lilac form of Cattleya speciossisima, named Bella Donna ; and Miltonia vexillaria leucogloasa, pale rose, the lip being lighter than the other jilants; and also a fine form of the same name, M. v. purpurea, very richly coloured all over, and the flowers of good size, rendering it a very conspicuous object. From Messrs. II. Low& Sons, Clapton, was shown a plant of Cypnpedium bellatulum, which was intro- duced by this firm : and from G. Firth, Esq., I^Ian- ningham Thorpe, Bradford (gr., Mr. F. Collins), was a cut spike of a pure white form of Phalxnopsis Schilleriana. which was very pretty. The contributions of Orchids from Sir T. Law- rence's treasure houses at Burford were, Cypri- pedium Curtisi, certificated on July 8, 1881 — a vigorous plant, with fine slippers, which got a vote of thanks: Cattleya Lawrenciana: Angr^cum Leonis, a well-bloomed small plant ; Kestrepia elegans ; Cymbidium eburneum Dayanum, with flowers larger than the type, and possessing the faintest tinge of rose colour in the white; Lycaste Schilleriana; Catasetum barbatum proboscideum, an uncommon- looking flower of a greeu colour, barred on the inside of the various parts with black-brown : white fila- ments fill up the throat of the flower. The flower- stalks are short, and the whole plant of a dwarf habit. Messrs. J. Veitcii & Sons exhibited a small piece of Dendrobium Wardiano-aureum X, in which the flowers have white petals tipped with purple — the lip faintly tipped with the same. The base ot tlie lip has a rich red-brown blotch, surrounded with an outline of yellow, which is itself bordered with white. Thk Lkcture on Narcissi's. Mr. Burbidge hinted that the Daflbdils and Narcissi of to-day had probably arrived at their pi'eseut complex state of development by Ji very gradual change from ordinary starry-flowered pri- mitive species of Amaryllids ; and he further stated his opinion, that even the whole oi'der of Amaryl- lids was merely a more complex and highly organised branch of the true Lilies. The wild species of Narcissi best suited for garden culture and hybridism, were shown to be six only, viz., N. Pseudo-Narcissus, N. Bu'bocodium, N. Tazetta, N. poeticus, N. triandrus, and N. Jonquilla and N. juncifolius, which merge into each other. These species are all wild in Europe; all come true from seed when fertilised with pollen from another individual of the same species, and they hybridise with each other with tolerable certainty ; and all our best garden kinds of to-day are the result. Diagrams and lists of these species and their hybrids were shown, together with a map showing the generic distribution of the order Amaryllidaceie. Mr. Burbidge pointed out that the anthers in Dafto- dils are uuiseriate, springing free from the base of the tubular portion of the flower. In the true Nar- cissi, on the other hand, the stamens are biseriate and spring free just below the mouth of the tube ; and it was clearly shown that the hybrids between these two main sections of the genus could be readily distinguished by their intermediate structure, the tube being shorter and broader than in true Nar- cissi, and the stamens have a medial insertion, i.e., they spring free about half-way up the tube, and appear to be in one series by reason of the anthers being equal in length, although there is, as might be expected, some slight inequality in the insertion of the filament. The lecturer objected to hybrids of the same parentage being grouped under different sectional names,'and pointed out that the N, poetico X Pseudo-Narcissus hybrids, such as N. Bernardii, N. incomparabilis, N. Barrli, N. Burbidgei, &c., were practically so near to each other that they could be included under one or at most two sectional names instead of four. The same is true of the N. Tazetta X Pseudo-Narcissus group, which includes N.Sabineii, N. Macleayi, N. Backhousei, and N. tridymus, all of which Jlr. Burbidge believes should be grouped under the one head of N. Sabineii, the hybrid first figured and described in the Bot. Register, t. 762. Remarks were made on culture and bulb growth and development, also on the nomenclature of the hybrid sections. Double forms or reversions were alluded to, and the paper included a list of all the best kinds for garden culture — a list that is likely to be of service to those beginning the cultivation of these flowers of spring. It would, perhaps, astonish our grandmothers to know that one of the best of the new seedling Daflbdils, Madame de Graafl", is priced at five guineas the bulb; and another, Gloria Mundi, one of the Peerless group, at 425. ; while the half-guinea, five-shilling, and half-crown bulbs crop up pretty frequently among the names of tlip best varieties. Culturally Mr. Burbidge deprecated the too constant use of rich and crude manures, and recommended frequent transplanting of the bulbs on all soils not naturally suited to their growth. Pure fresh meadow earth was said to be the best for these bulbs, and if on a gravelly bottom, so much the better, as in that case the roots did not suffer from too much moisture at the root during summer when in a comparative state of repose. Raised beds or sunny banks are recommended on low wet or in cold northern positions and climates, where there is sometimes a ditticulty in ripening the bulbs. AVhen- ever and wherever the bulbs appear unhealthy, or they do not flower satisfactorily, they should be marked at once for transplanting in June, July, or early in August following. The paper is to be pub- lished in c.rtefisu, we believe, in the Journal of the RoyoX Horticultural Society, and if illustrated as well as by Mr. Burbidge's diagrams and drawings, it will prove an interesting contribution to the history of these now popular and seasonable garden flowers. Mr. Engelheart followed with a paper in whicli he discussed the developments and improvements needed for florists' and market-garden purposes. Fruit Committee. Present: U. D. BUickmore, Esq., in the Chair, and Messrs. II. Weir. A. Sutton. E. Crawley, J. Cheal, J. Barnett. J. Willard. G. Norman. W. Warren, G. T. Miles, G. ClifVe, W. Bates. F. R, Lane, W Wild-, smith, J. Wright, G. Bunyard, J. Hudson, and SirC. W. Strickland, Bart. Mr. W. L'nwin, Covent Garden, showed a box uf six Cucumiier fruits, called Covent Garden Favourite, which had grown by i\Ir. Featherby, Gillingham, Kent. Tiiey were symmetrical exami)Ie8 of 20 inclies in length, and ajiparently of gooil quality. Strawben-y ll;irris" ICurly Forcing was shown bv ."\Ir. J. T. Harris, Great Lodge, Tunbridge. It has a Cockscomb shaped berry, bright in colour, is dwarf in growth, and ripening oiV from eight to twenty fruits on a plant. Deans' Early Sunrise Potatos, with good firm skin, were shown by Mr. R. Dean, Ealing. Mr. Divers, gr., Ketton Hall Stamford, showed a bedding Beet, with bright purple leaves, which had been sown last year, so that it was hardy enough to be efficient as a winter bedding or margin plants A good, close growing, sprouting Broccoli came from the same gardens. Miscellaneous,— 'S:\\e Scientific Plant Pot Company, 21, Comraeicial Street, Leeds, showed samples of their wares, see ante, p. ■l.'iii ; and Messrs. G. Smith & Co. showed samples of their tubular flower-holders, filled effectively with flowers and foliage. Awards were made as follows : — Bv ini-; Orchid CoMMirrKi;. First-class Certificate!'. To Dendrobium euosmum leucopterum, from Baron Schroder, The Dell, Egham. To Milltonia vexillaria purpurea, from F. (J. Tautz, Esc]., Studley House, IJammersmith. Butatiical Certi/icates. To Lycaste Schilleriana, from Sir T. Lawrence. To Catasetum barbatum proboscideum, from Sir T. Lawrence. Award of Merit. To Oncidium bifoUum, from Messrs, F. Sander & Co. Bv THE Flohal Committee. Award of Merit. To Rose Gloire de Margottin, from Messrs. II. Lane & Sou. Cultural Coidinendation, To Carnation Souvenir de la Malmaisou, from Mr. H. M. Houldsworth. Medals. Gold Medal, to Baron Schroder, for Group of Orchids. Silver-gilt Banksian, to Messrs. F. Sander & Co., for group of Orchids. Silver Banksian, to Mr. T. S. >Vare, for group of Daffodils ; to Messrs. Barr & Son, for group of Daflodils ; to F, G. Tautz, Esq., for group of Orchids : to Sir T. Lawrence, Bart., M.P., for group of Orchids. ROYAL BOTANIC. Ai'RiL 10. — No doubt owing to the dull wet weather this show was of smaller dimensions tiian usual, and the attendance at the exhibition was sadly interfered with by the continual rain, and at one time of the day, by the black fog which prevailed. The exhibits were fairly varied, and Roses aud Azaleas were very gooil. Certificates were not so freely awarded as on some occasions, but it is a question whether the Society is not still too liberal in this respect. Azaleas shown by Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, were the best in the show, half-a-dozen well- flowered medium-sized plants securing for him the 1st place in the nurserymen's class— Mrs. Turner, Apollo, and Due de Nassau may be named as the best, although all were very good, and the flowers large and clear. In the amateur's class there was more competition and a better show on the whole. Mr. R. Scott, gr. to Miss Foster, The Holme, Regent's Park, led with heavily flowered specimens — Alexis Dallic-re and Dame Melaine, being the best : Mr. H. Eason, gr. to B. Noakes, Esq., Hope Cottage, Highgate, was a good 2nd, with somewhat smaller plants. Roses were of good quality throughout, nine very fine specimens being staged by Messrs. Paul & Son, <_)ld Nurseries, Cheshunt, who led amongst nursery- 472 THE GA1?DENEBS' CHRONICLE. [ApEit 13, 1889. men ; the plants were evenly flowered and well prown, the leading varieties being W . Warden, Celine Forestier, Madame de St. Joseph, and La France. A few plants, not for competition, also came from this firm, and were equally tine. Mr. W. Kumsey, Joyning'a Nursery, Walthara Cross, was a close L'nd, Magna Charta, Catherine Soupert, and Madame G. Luizet being very fine. In the miscellaneous class Mr. Rumsey had a large fli'oup of bush and standard Koses, numbering about fifty, for which a Large Silver Medal was given, the varieties just named, with Mdme. de AVatteville. Souvenir d'un Ami, Miss Hassard, and other favourite varieties, were to be noticed. Cinerarias were contributed by Mr, J. James, Woodside, Farnham Royal, Slough ; Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearies Gardens, Ilford ; and Mr. D. Phillips, Slough, who took the prizes in the order of their names, 1st and 2nd lots being specially good in habit and bright in colour. A few named plants not for competition were sent by Mr. James, among which the best were Conqueror, magenta, self; Paul Jones, crimson- magenta, with a narrow white zone ; Favourite, dark purple-crimson, with a crimson zone; and Victor, a full crimson, self. Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London, showed plants of the quilled Cineraria, Emperor Frederick, already certificated as Alexander Warwick. The prizes offered for a collection of hardy her- baceous plants brought out two good groups, Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, being awarded the premier place for a collection in which varieties of the Prim- rose figured well, other plants being Helleborus hybridus, Epimedium pinnatum elegans, Megasea Stracheyi, Ranunculus fioaria vars., double Caltha palustris, Primula cashmiriana, and P. viscosa, Violets, Narcissi, &c. ; and a pretty Tulip, T. Kol- pakowskiana, about G inches high, flowers yellow, the outer segments flushed with red on the exterior face, the segments are erect, with the tips turned outwards. It is a very pretty flower. Mr. T. S. Ware. Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenam, was 2n(l, with Lilium Harrisii, Dielytra spectabilis, Spirrea japonica, Lily of the Valley in large pans, Anemone pnlsatilla, Primula pubescens nivalis, and P. cashmiriana, and Narcissi. For a collection of alpines, Messrs. Paul & Son were the only exhibitors, and took 2nd with a very large collection of well-grown plants. Varieties of Primula pubescens and of Ilepatica triloba were plen- tiful and various ; Saxifrages, such as Burseriana coriophylla, retusa, and atro-purpurea ; Gentiana verna, and the pale blue Iris persica, were also shown. Amaryllises were of fair quality, Messrs. Paul & Son leading with bright-coloured flowers, in which Vulcan, deep red, of medium size ; and Salvator rosea, deep red, with white nerves, were singled out as the best. Mr, J. Douglas was a fair 2nd, his flowers not being quite developed. This last exhibitor was in the premier place for twelve Auriculas, with very bright, clean flowers, Heather-bell, purple, grey edge, and good paste — Rev. F. D. Horner and Negro being the best; he also led for twelve Polyanthus. Mr. C. Turner, who was 2nd for Auriculas led for twelve alpines, with Pallas, Diadem, I'urple Gem, and Butterfly as his best ; ^Ir. Douglas was a good 2nd. Mr. Phillips led for 0 Pelargoniums, with well- flowered plants of medium size, and again for Mignonette. Messrs. J. Laing iS; Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., had a group of Crotons, Dracamas, some fine Cliveas, and a few Orchids, for which a Silver Medal was awarded. Large Bronze Medals wei-e awarded to Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden ; and to Mr. Ware, for collections of cut Daffodils. Messrs. Barr showing also Narcissus Her Majesty, which is like a pale Bpurius. A Silver Medal was given to Messrs. Sander & Co,, for a group of Orchids similar to that shown on Tuesday at the Royal Horticutural Society's meeting, including Dendrobiura Harveyanum, which has flowers of bright yellow about IV inch across, the petels and lip being fringed, as in Bryraerianum, only the lip is smaller. Mr, Hibbert, gr. to W. Clay, Esq., Kingston, received a Bronze Medal for a collection of Cyclamen in pots ; and for a large collection of varieties of Primula acaulis Mr. Ware was awarded a like recog- nition. \\i' also had a few other specimens of Primulas, including P, marginata crcrulea, with grey-blue flowers ; and a group of Pjconies from Mr. Gordon, Twickenham, won a Large Bronze Medal. Messrs. J. A''eitch & Sons, Chelsea, contributed a few novelties, including Amaryllis Sirocco, exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday ; hybrid Rhododendron Ne Plus Ultra, bright scarlet —very fine ; Dendrobium micansx and D. Wardio- aureumx, the latter has flowers of white, flushed rose at the tips of the segments, the lip is expanding, with a deep red-brown blotch. In iorm the flower and plant is intermediate between the parents. Mr. Firth, Bradford, had his white Phalffinopsis Schilleriana, and Messrs. Paul & Son a specimen of Lilac Marie Lemoine bearing a profusion of fine white flowers. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, Sussex, sent a collection of well-kept Apples, and received a Bronze Medal ; and very fine baskets and bouquets of cut flowers were shown by Messrs. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden (Large Bronze MedalJ. Certificates. Botanical , To Dendrobium Wardio-aureum, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. To Dendrobium Harveyanum, from Messrs. F. Sander & Co. To Phalajnopsis Schilleriana alba, from G. F'irth, Esq. FloriaUiural. To Amaryllis Sirocco, from Messrs. .1, Veitch ^: Sons. To Rhododendron Ne Plus Ultra, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. To Auricula Heather-bell, from Mr. J. Douglas. To Cineraria Emperor Frederick (Alexander Warwick), from Messrs. J. Carter & Co. To Primula marginata coerulea, from Mr. T. S. Ware. To Narcissus Her Majesty, from Messrs. Barr & Son. To Amaryllis Vulcan and A. Salvator rosea, from Messrs. Paul & Son. To Lilac Marie Lemoine, from Messrs. Paul & Son. To Cinerarias Conqueror, Favourite, Paul .iones, and Victor, from Mr. J. James. LINNEAN. April 4.— Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S,, President, in the chair. Mr, D. Morris exhibited a specimen of the hymenopterous insect, Eultena cayenensis, con- cerned in the fertilisation of Coryanthes macrantha (see Crliger, Jourii, Linn. Sac, viii., 120), and ob- tained from Mr. Hart, of Trinidad. Referring to the illustrations of the structure of the flowers given in the Gardeners' Chronicle (xvii., 1882, 693, and xxiii., 1885, 14.5), Mr. Morris explained the process carried out by the insects, chiefly bees, in removing the poUinia and subsequently attaching them on the stigma. The observations of Criiger had been verified by Mr. Hart in the Botanic Gardens, Trinidad. Law Notes. COUNTER ACTKJNS BV GARDENERS. In the Aberdeen Sheriff's Court, before Shcrifi" Dove Wilson, on Thursday, the 28th ult., William Bisset, gardener, Pitmaxton House, Aberdeenshire, sued William Slora, gardener, Bloomfield, for £12, in name of loss and damage sustained by him in consequence of the defender having poisoned two of his dogs. It may be mentioned liere that Slora was recently punished in the Aberdeen Criminal Court for destroying the dogs. On Thursday Slora lodged a counter claim for damages done by Bisset'a tlogs. The bill was as follows : — l-'i) Paiisieii (luimril), at 'M, per dozen liiO .. nO ,, (unniiraei.1), at 'is. per dozen ;« ,. 1 1(1 0 1 10 u 0 8 4 0 ij 0 96 dozen Cakeolarias, a( 1.S-. 6(/. 7 1 U 3.T StocliH fAU Uk^ Year Round), at 6'^ each n 17 'i 1 bed of white Lilies 0 h 0 .">3 aquare feet of glass, estimated at 1*'. per M|uare foot a 13 0 similar to that given at the trial of Slora for poison- ing the dogs, and was to the effect that, because pursuer's dogs had broken some of the glass of defendant's greenhouses, defender threatened to poison the dogs. Slora had shown some of the witnesses a packet which he said contained strych- nine, and he said he would give the dogs a dose of something that would keep them at home. On the day after Slora made that threat Bisset's dogs were taken ill ; one of them died that day, and the other died some days afterwards. Severalpiecesof meat con- taining strychnine were found on Slora's ground. The ground, it was explained, was not enclosed, so that any dog could wander on to it. For the defence several witnesses were examined to prove that pur- suer's dogs had done a great deal of damage by breaking glass and destroying plants, and that defender used poison for vermin. There was consider- able diff"erence as to the value of the dogs, one wit- ness declaring he would not take them for a present. Sheriff Wilson held it proved that Slora poisoned the dogs, and remarked that people who poisoned dogs had got to pay fancy prices for them, having to reckon with the injury to feeling such actions caused. £3 would be a fair sum for each dog. As to the counterclaim, it was surely rather extrava- gant, for 9(3 dozen of Calceolarias represented a tremendous amount of scraping by two dogs. It was not likely, however, that Slora would be so wicked as to poison the dogs without some excuse, and he allowed him £1. Slora must pay the expenses. If he had any complaint against the dogs, he should have sued the owner for damages. Bremond v. Lewis Is^vacs. This was an action remitted from the High Court to the Whitechapel County Court, and came before Judge Bacon on the 9th inst. It was brought by Mr. Louis Bremond, of AUioules, France, against Mr. Lewis Isaacs, of 3, Victoria Warehouses, Mansell St., Aldgate, to recover £50 \s. 7d. for goods sold and delivered, or in the alternative, for damages for non- acceptance of a bill of exchange payable six months from date of invoice. The defence was that the goods (Roman Hyacinths) were not according to order, and that the defendant had to sell the bulbs at 60s. per 1000, although the plaintiflT had charged him 80s. per 1000. The jury found for the plaintiff for the full amount claimed, together with interest and costs. £14 i;i 10 (Restricted to £12.) The evidence led for Bisset's action was somewhat The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending April 9, is furnished from the Meteorological Office :— " The iir.athcr has been very dull, unsettled, and rainy in all parts of the kingdom. Towards the end of the period the rainfall over tlie north-western and western parts of central England was unusually heavy ; at several stations on the 7th nearly 1 inch of rain was measured, and on the following day 1"5G inch fell at Ross (Herefordshire), P90 inch at Hereford, and 209 inches at Churchstoke. Thunder and lightning were experienced in difiVrent parts of England between the 4th and 6th, and again over our south-western counties on the 7th and Sth. " The trmpcrafinr has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit having been least (1° or 2°) in the south of England, the ' Channel Islands,' and south of Ireland, and greatest (T)^) in the north-east of England and east of Scotland. The highest of the minima, which were registered on somewhat irregular dates, varied from 48^ in 'Scotland, N.,' to '\ii^ in ' England, E.,"and ' England, S.' The lowest of the minima were recorded in most jdaces on the 3rd, and ranged from 28° in ' Scothuul, E.,' to 34° in ' Ireland, N.' and 37° in the ' Channel IsUinds.' *' The rainfall has been rather less than the mean in 'Ireland, S.,' and the ' Channel Islands.' but more in all other districts ; in the ' ^Midland Counties ' the fall has been nearly four times as much as the mean. " Bright sinisl/ine has been very deficient generally, the percentage of the possible duration having ranged from n in ' England, E.,' and C> in Scotland, to 7 in ' England, S.W.,' and to 35 in the ' Channel Islands.' "' April 13, 1889.] TEE GARDENERS' CHBONICLE. 473 [By the term "accumithited temperature" is meant a fipure n'preseiitiag the aggregate amount, as well as the ilura- tiou, of the esi'ess or defei.'t of temperature above or below •Vl'^ i'ahr. for the period uiimeil ; ami this combined result is explained iu Uay-degrees — a "Day-degree" siguifyiug I'' cOQtinued for twenty-four hours, or auy other number of degrees for au inversely proportional number of hours,] Tempebathke. Rainfall. Bright Sus. " a Accumulated a i A i '\^ a " S . i. 1 i. S III s II IS S-" a a ll 5 a a + s £=* o 1 If i 1 U l.i 1" Dav- Deg- Dnv- Day- ' lOths In. deg. lieg. ,c.. Districts — 1, Scotland. W. England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W. ; 10. Ireland, 11, Ireland, S. ; 12. Channel Islands. Markets. COVENT GABDEN, April 11. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoiued reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that tliese quotations represent averages for the week preceding the dule of our report. The prices depend upon the qualityof the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Markkt quiet. Strawberries dull ; a few samples of new Grapes to hand. Prices generally easier. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Vegetables.— AvERA OK Retail Prices. i. d. s. d. I J, d. $. d. Asparagus, English, ' Mustard and Cress, per 100 12 0- ... ; punnet 0 — French, bundle2l 0- ... I Onions, per bunch ,.. 0 Beans.Jersey French, \ Parsley, per lb. ... 1 per lb 3 6- ... ' Peas, French, per lb. 1 Beet, red, per dozen 10-20] Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 Carrota, per bunch... 0 6- ... i — kidney, percwt. Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... — new French, lb. 0 Celery, per bundle ... 1 &- 2 0 Rhubarb, bundle ... U Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 Endive, per dozen ... 3 0- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 Green Mint, bunch... 1 0- ,., Spinach, per bushel... 5 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 t>- .,. Tomatos, per lb. ... 2 Leeks, per bunch ,.. 0 4- ... Turnips, per bunch. Lettuce, per dozen... 1 6- ... new 0 Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... Potato.?. — Beauty of Hebron, 705. to SO.';. ; Imperators, 60s.; Duiibar Magnumi^, 130.?.; Lincoln, do., 70s, Dunbar Regents, 110s. to V2Qs. per ton. 4- ... 5- ... 0- ... 0- ... 0-5 0 a- 5 0 6- ... 6- ... t>- ... 6~ ... 0- .„ 0- ... 60 J. to ; and Plants is Pots.- s. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz. 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cypenis, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis. per doz. 12 Erica, various, doz. 12 Euonymus, in Tar., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each -Average Wholesale Prices. d. s.d. ' s.d.s.d. 0-18 0 FicuB elaatica. each .16-70 0-15 0 Genista, dozen ... 8 0-12 0 0-42 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 Lily-of-Val., per doz. 0-li 0 pots 10 0-18 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Mignonette, do^. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 u Pelargoniums, dozenl2 0-18 0 1 — scarlet, doz. ... 4 0- 6 0 0-18 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Roses, H.P.. doz. ...12 0-24 0 — Fairy, doz. ... 9 0-12 0 Spirsea. doz 9 0-15 0 Tulips, dozen pota ... 6 0- 9 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-30 0 , 0-24 0 I 0-18 0 ; Cut Flowers, Abutillons, 12 bun.... Anemone, Fr., 12 bun. ArumLilies,12bloom6 Azaleas, 12 sprays ... Bouvardiaa, per bun. Camellias, white, 12 blooms — red, 12 blooms... Carnations, 12 blma. DaCfodils,dbl.l2buu. — single, 12 bun.... — French, 12 bun. — various. 12 bun. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias, 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 spr. Lilac, white Fr.,bun. — lilac-coloured, p. bunch Lily-of-Val., 12 spr. Marguerites, 12 bun. ,— Average Wholesale Prices. s.d.s.d, s. 3 tv- 6 0 Mignonette. 12 bun. 3 1 0- 3 0 Narcis., paper-white, 2 0-40 (French), 12 bun... 2 0 11- 1 0 — double, 12 bun,.. I 0 9-10 Pelargoniums, 12 Bpr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 2 0-40 Primroses, 12 bun.,.. 0 0 9- 2 0 Primulas. dbl.,iasp. 1 2 0- 3 0 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 2 0- i 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 1 *)- 3 0 — red, j)er dozen ... 3 2 6-40 — Satrano, dozen... I 4 0-90 —do., (Fr.). doz.... 1 ;{ 0- 6 0 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 2 ;i 0- 6 0 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 0 rt- 1 0 Violets. 12 bunches,.. 0 4 0-60 — dark, Fr., bunch 1 — Parme. Fr., bun. 2 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 — French, 12 bun. 1 3 0- 5 0 0 6-10 3 0-60 d. !.rf. 0- 6 0 0- 6 0 0- 6 0 0- 1 6 1- (1 « «- 1 0 0- I 6 0-3 0 0- 4 0 0-6 0 6-3 0 0- 1 li II- 4 II 6- 1 0 6- 1 II l) 2 0 6- 3 6 0- l^ 11 0- 2 0 Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. s. d. s. d. Apples, half-sieve... 3 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 2 6-6 0 a. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ...12 0-21 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Strawberries, per lb. 4 0-70 SEEDS. London: April in. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that the late wet weather has for the time somewhat diminished the consumptive demand for farm seeds. Values all round show no material alteration, whilst stocks are getting into narrow compass. All descrip- tions of seeds, with the exception of Trefoil, which continues dear and scarce, are now obtainable in London on exceedingly moderate terms. The export of red Clover seed to France still goes on. Italian and perennial Kye-grass keep brisk and cheap. Sanfoin meets an active sale. Tares are slow. For blue Peas there is an improved trade. Bird seeds are neglected. Kape seed is firm. Mustard without alteration. Beddixg Plants in variety from 1*. per doz. ; per box, is. 6d. to2j. 6i. CORN. Averages, — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ended April G: — Wheat, 30a. \d,\ Barley, 255. -id. ; Oats, 17s. Oi^. For the corresponding week in 1888 :— Wheat, 305. ; Barley, 31s. ; Oats, 155. Sd. FBUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields, April 10. — Savoys, 2s. to 45. per tally : Cauliflowers, Qd. to l5. 3rf. per dozen ; Turnip- tops, Gd. to Is. per sack ; Swede tops, ^d. to Is. iid. do ; Sprouting IJroccoli, 'Jd. to Is. 'id. do. ; Spinach, Is. id. to Is. S(^. per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, t»t£. to 9(^. per half-sieve ; Greens, Is. &d. to is. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 25. 6f^. do. ; Carrots, Is. 'dd. to 35. do. ; Radishes, id. to Qd. do. ; Parsley, is. to 45. do. ; forced Rhubarb, Is. to Is. id. per dozen bundles ; natural do., 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Horse- radish, Is. 2d. to Is. id. per bundle ; Parsnips, 9rf. to Is. per score ; Beetroots, Oof. to Is. per dozen ; Seakale, Is. to Is. id. per punnet ; American Apples, 6s. S)d. to 8s. Gd. per barrel ; English do., 3s. &d. to 7s. per bushel ; English Onions, 6s. to 7s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 35. to 4s. per case ; Bordeaux do., 45. to 45. Qd. do. ; Belgian do., 25. to 3s. 6fi. per bag ; Dutch do., 25. to 3s. Od. do. ; Endive, Is. &d. to 2s. per dozen ; Carrots, 265. to 32s. per ton ; Mangels, 16s. to 18s. do. Stratford : April 0. — There has been an excel- lent supply of all kinds of produce at the above market during the past week, and with a good atten- dance of buyers a brisk trade was done at the under- mentioned quotations : — Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. per tally; Savoys, 25. to 3s. do.; Cauliflowers, Is. to Is. Qd. per dozen ; Turnips, 25s. to 305. per ton ; Carrots, household, 235. to 255. do. ; do., cattle feed- ing, 18s. to 20s. do. ; Mangels, 145. to 175. do. ; Swedes, 14s. to 18s. do. ; Onions, English. 120s. to 130s. do. ; do., Dutch, 3s. Qd. to 45. id., per bag ; do., Bordeaux, 4s. to 4s. to vork, reasonable in price. It possesses unique advantages over any Mower yet introduced. Prices complete with Grass-Boxes;— 9 inches. 11 inches. 13 inches. 15 inches. 28s. 32s. 6dL 383. . 46s. FOLLOWS & BATE, Limited, Patentees and Manufacturers ot the "Climax," " Manchester," " Tennis," and "Royal Prize Medal" Lawn Mowers. 70,000 sold since. 1869, GORTON, filANCHESTER. 1^ To be obtained from all respectable IronmonRera and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom; or, if any difficulty is experienced, direct from the manufactory. CLIBRAN'S EUCHARIS MITE KILLER. A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DREADFUL PEST. This assertiou will probably be doubted, but if living mites are examined under a powerful microscope, and a drop of solu- tion is applied, it will be seen that death is instantaneous, and if the solution is let down according to the directions, it kills in from 5 to 10 minutes. It may be objected that when unhealthy Eucbaris are watered with the solution, it cannot touch the mites between the scales. Practice, however, has proved that it does ; and the most unhealthy Eucharis, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. Numcrotis Testimonials. Prices: — J pint, ].^. 6rf. ; 1 pint, 2s. 6rf. ; 1 quart, 45. 6d. ; J gallon, 7s. 6d.; 1 gallon, 125. 6d. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and son. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12, Market Street. Manchester. To Market Gardeners, Sec. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use QULPHATE OF AMMONIA. KJ — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied cither separately or mixed with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants^ are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution oiiofl or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, post free. Price, free on rail at Sheffield. 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 5*5 lbs.— Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER. Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. THE NORMAL FERTILISER. For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. A highlj-concentrated Fertiliser. consisting chieflyot human excrement and blood, which has the following recommenda- tions : — It is moderate in price. It is safe to use. It is not a chemical manure. It is profita-ble to the user. It is clean to handle. It ha.R high tertili.iing properties. It contains no needless matter. 7 lb. U lb. 28 11). m lb. I cwt. 2s. ri.i. M. ^s. Q<1. 9s. 14.*. And iu M. and 1«. packet-i. To be had of Seedsmen and Florist-*, or tlie NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. INii >l Trade Di?»connts. CULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A KJ certain cure for Mildew on Plonts, Red Spider. Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons of "solution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Solo Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND C0.(Limitedl.9.Bull Ring, Birmingham. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, Ac. 1 Cwt., and Oil Hlzture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poi80DOU8 Paints for InHido of CoamTvntoriee. &r. Prices. Patterns, and Teatimonials, I\»t-fr*,*. Price :■ LA BELLB SAUVAOB TAKD, LITDOATB BIUn B.C. BICHELOK'9 WALK. DtTBLIN.— Oijcoimf fur Cash. April 13, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 475 SANKEY & SON'S WORLD Confine themselves solely " to the manufactur* of "GAR- DEN POTS." fymd4chi/ie^j^ff^ FAMED GARDEN POTS. mt/:) Through the study of half a century, they have ac- ^^^ quired the ' FimsH SHAPED ■ RFf^TCQtOR- ggWCEST. proper materials to he mixed with the clay In order to produce a "Garden Pot" In which all plant life win flourish. This Is acknowledged by the trade ; and the result is that their " Garden Pots " are used by all successful growers from Aberdeen to Penzance, also in the Channel Isles, Ireland, New Zealand. &c. No Waiting. Millions In Stock. Press Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots, *' A marvelloua coutrast to Uie oniiiiury Guntt'ii I'ot in striMij^tli, lightness, brilliant colour, aud finish." — Gkii "Tile testimonials underrate their exeelleney ; they are the lightest (yet strong, porous, and ^vell burnt) pots we liave ever seen. ' — NoTtkern Gardener. ' Scientific process of manufacture — fireing perfect. Market Pots capital ; favour close packing, utmost economy iu space uuder glass. — Gardeners' Murja^inc. " Excellent Garden Pots. Show careful making and burning, ^vitli the employment of first-rate materials." — Gardeners Ckronicle, 'We cannot but speak in the highest terms of them. The Pots ha\ c ;i linn metallic ring, arc elegant aud light, &c." — Journal of Horticulture. " Well deserve their higti character. Impreguateil w i(h a Milliri.nf amotini uf -;dinc matter to priivi iit mossing or becoming dirty." — Gardening World. Trade Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. -liessrs. Fisher, Son, & Sibrav. Sheffield, write ;-" Wc have u-^cd your I'ut^ u\ cr twenly-tive years, and found them everything that could be desired." Messrs. Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon, write : — " Your Pots arc light aud strong ; lirst-class colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a quarter of a century. CHEAPEST S A rvl P L ylililnal. Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon, write : — " Your Pots arc light aud stron,, Messrs. Pkarsos & Son, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts, write: — "Have always found them thoroughly satisfactory in everyway: we may especially congratulate you on the improvement you have the last year or two." Mr. W. Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes :— " l''or nearly thirty years now I have been using your pots, and still find them the best and cheapest." HUGHES' Soluble Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Unsurpassed as an insecticide, it kills effectually all parasites aud insects ivhiuh infest plants whether at the roots or on the foli;ige, \vithoiit injurj- to tender plants — sunh as ferus, etc., if used as directed. Used as a WASH it imp:ii-ts the gloss and lustre to the foliage which is so desir.ible on exhibition specimens. Dog Fanciers should not be without itt It makes a silky Coat and produces healthy Skin Action; kills fleas, and is excellent for washing dogs. Housewives should not be without it! Used with ordinary household soap it i-j an effectual DISIN- FECTAXT, BLEACHER. & CLEANER OF FABRICS. It kills insect life on man. animal, or plant, without injury to the skin, wherever parasites may appear. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists. Is. 6d.. 23. 6d. & 4s. Gd. ; i gallon 7s. 6d., 1 g-allon 12s. 6d.,or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTISIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. ■\VuoLESALP from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Jlcdicine Houses. NEW YORK— RoLKBB & Sonb. .v'u)"tu'Ny'qp''«iK'vvv'y- the: b ucki h >AJ»WXt»f^h^i^ EEI> ERADICATOR FOR GRAVEL PATHS &tc • QuicKSv Efficient • g/-PER Gallon - Ti ns Free. 40 GALLONS S5 CASK FREE. - CARP, [ACi£ PAID PARTICULARS JWSMiTH.A.ps CHEMIST STONYSTRATFORD Twelve Awards of Merit. ..*4^#- <^ t^ BEST and CHEAPEST GUANO for all liortlcultiiral purp ses. ^* The largest number of Awards for any *• Plant Manure. Wi:o:esale of W. COLCHESTER, Ipswich. ISHUEST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners binoe 16-59 a>;din>t Ked Spider, aiildew. Thrips. Green Fly, and other Eiight. 1 to J ounces to the g^illonoi soft-water; 4 tolSoucrcs as winter dressine for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boses, \s., 3; , and lOi. 6i. GISHUESIINE keeps Boots dry and soft on ■wet grouci. Bos??, ■ii. ajoi U*., from the Trade. Wholesale &m PRICE'3 PATENT CANDLE COMPANY iXimited). London. ORCHID TEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborough. Hants. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfeo^ Fertilisers. Promote aud Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1888. J. JENSEN AND CO., (Limited), 109. Feuchurch Street. London. BONES!-BONES!!-BONES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders. Lawns, Potting, Grass Lands. &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feediqff, GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES aud FERTILIZERS for all purposes. For Prices, apply to HAKBISON, BARBER & CO. (Limited), GARRETT LaNE. WANDSWORTH. SURREY. S.W. GENUINE GARDEN KEQUISITES, as sup- plied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free. Cocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh. 1 sack. Is. 'id.; 10 sacks for 12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truck free on rail. 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat. 5s. per sack ; 5 for 223. 6rf. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black IVat,4s. 6(/. per sack ; 6 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' Sand, Is. 6(/. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s. per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers. &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Charcoal. 2s. 6(X. per bushel ; 8s. per sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpainted ; Labels, and Bamboos. Best Raflia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for .5s, <6d. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Specialite Tobacco Paper, and Cloth. Is. per lb. ; 28 lb. for 2(.is. Mushroom Spawn, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb.. 5s. 6rf.; otj lb., 10s.; 1 cwt., 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT AND CO., Hop Exchange, Soutliwark Street. London, S.E. (near London Bridge). - SILVER SAND!! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine)— best in the market. 20.000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt Cash, Free on rail at Leightou Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lot:^. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 33. Polygon. Loudon, N.W. Established nearly .30 years. Telegrams. — " AUoquy, London," Trade supplied. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER. Mr. ElwoBTHV, Nettlccoifthe Court, writes: — " Ihavptried two factors, hut I fiiiil yours miicli thf mostdc- Btrurtive." j-„|. („ii p.rfi.uhirs .n|iply to J. BENTLEY, CHEinCAL WORKS, BAEKOW-ON-HttMBER. HULL. JAMES T 135. COMMERCIAL S' The best and Cheapest RUSSIA MATS RAFFI.A TOBACCO PAPER and BAG STICKS and LABELS HAMPSHIRE PEAT COCOA-NUT PIBRE REFUSE COABSE SIL'^'EE-SAND Prices ou ANDERSON, ITREET. LONDON', E.C. Hortii:uUural Sundriesman. SEED BAGS and SACKS ROPES. LINES, andTWINES SHADING CANVAS GARDEN NETTING GARDEN HOSE & FITTINGS SYRINGES GARDENTOOLStCDTLERY application. TANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, \^d. per yard; 10s. per 100 yards ; 25 yards, 2 yards wide, po^t- free. 4s. ; 4 yards wide, Zd. per vard, 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1-inch mesh, 1 yard wide. 2d.; 2 yardj wide, 3i.; 4 vard; -TCide. 6i. per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wid'e, 19 meshes to sauare inch 'd. per yard Ctest artifJle to protect fruittreee, &.'* j. PILCHARD NETTING, 12 yards 'w-ide. ^-inch m^3h. 'id. per yari.^W. CULLTNGFORD. 127. Field Road. Forest Gate. Lon'lon. E. THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price ^S* per doz. For Cash with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE. For training Peas instead of sticks. Trainingplantstowalls, &c. In Panels. 6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 feet by 4 feet ... 3s. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 4-5. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 6s. each. Made any size to order at following prices : — 4 iu. Sin. 2 in. li in. mesh. Zd. Z^d. 4^. 4t'^. per foot super. Illustrated Catalogue on Application. J. THOMAS & CO. . QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. LONDON. E.C. 6 in. a. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock pj AQQ always on Hand. VJXjjVOOi Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICHOLLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. 476 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 13, 1883. << NEW EASY" LAWN MOWER. Has an open steel roller. A man can work a L'J-inch machine, cutt^ ii)g grass 5 inches high. Therp ig no ea-sier working, no better tiuishfil, no stronger, no more durable mower in the market. The Front KoUer. with simple adjust- ment for regulating lioight of cut, enables the machine to cut (■ lose to the ground , and to do fine work. besides adapting it for verge cutting. To be obtained through all the leading Ironmon- gers or Seeasmen, or from the -Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 86, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The :ibove are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to auy station iu Englaud, ready glazed and painted : 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet ] 2 feet dfeet 12 feet 4 feet 4 feet 5 feet 5 feet I Paoklng Caaes y FREE. 4 3 I 5 £ s. 0 10 7 10 17 Larger si:es at projiortionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineer.'^, Hoyal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c., 2, HoUoway Road. N. SAVE YOUR FIRE and keep a fixed temperature under glass, by using " FRIGI DOMO," made of prepared hair and wool : a perfect non-conductor of cold. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS FRIGI DOMO ..cGlSTERED ■ ^ TRADE MAR For price list &. particulars Addres, BENJAMIN PDGINGTONI 2 Duke S^- KX London Bfi/oaE I 21-OZ. and 16-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, iu boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, 'ut to buyers'sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free iind ^niittd in the country, iu quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY/' Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS, Lead. Glass, Oil. and Colour MERcnANTS, 84, St. John Street, West Bmithfleld, London, B.0, Stock Lists and Prices on applieation. Please quote Chronicle. PARISIAN BLINDS. REDUCTION IN PRICE. MADE of WOOD and KIXC ONLY. AWARDED 40 PRIZE MEDALS. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Works, DARLIhGTON. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, And at 118, QUEEN VICTOKli STREET, LONDON, E.G. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. c/!r/rLoai/£s,^-^^=T: r/fse. 'RON filMO WIHt, p-'^-C'Jy^ LONDON OFFICES SHOW ROOMS Sfn-uiHl L^Limiiley given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Roofing, &o. Personal' Surveys of Estates made, and practieal advice given aa to the best and most economical Fences to put down. IllTistrated Catalogues Free by Post. GREENHOUSES & PIT LIGHTS. BEST QUALITY ONLV. Pit Lights, 6 ft. X 4 ft. X 2 in. thick, with either 3 or 4 bars for 8 in. or 10 in. glass, 4s. 9rf. each ; or. by the 100, 4.'{. 6rf. each. Ij X 3 Rafters, 7s. per 100 feet. l' X 2J .. 6-. per 100 feet. All other materials at equally low prices. Free on Rail. Cash with Order. Send for Quotations. RICHARD TAYLOR, HORTirTLTtlRAL W0RK.1. FI>MONTON. BECKETT BROS., CHELMSFORD. Thoroughly Practical Hothouse Builders and Heating Engineers. Glasshouses of every description, in Wood or Iron, erected in any part of the kingdom. First-class workmanship and the vesy best materials at the lowest possible prices. Price Lists, Plans, and Estimates Free. BOULTON&PAUL, HORTICULTURAL ■Nm-RTlt7Tr<1T BUILDERS, JNOxlWH-'Ji. Cash Prices, Carriage and Packing FREE. £2 0 0 3 0 0 '1 5 0 5 10 0 6 15 0 8 0 0 No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of the Frames ready, made of the most durable red deal, nnd are the best to be had. The Frames are of I^ inch boards. 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if reijuired. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with best English 21-oz. glass and painted four coats. Leui^th. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.N ii M » 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ br 6 „ 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 , J CARRIAGE paid to any station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Londonderry. Glasgow, and Edin- burgh, or stations equivalent. CATALOGUES POST FREE. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SF.I^D FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, '21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. '4^^' JAS. BOYD & SONS, HnKTICl'I.Tl'RAL HuiLPKns aiKi Hkatimj En(;inkkbs, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every descriptiOD, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, Sec. Hot • water Apparatus for warming BnildingKof every description. Illustrated Circulart Post-free. Complete Catalogue, Z%, Apkii. 13, 1889.] THE GAnDEXEES' CIinOXICLE. i77 ARCHANGEL MATS, RAFFIA. — Russia Mats ami Kaffia at lower prices than supplied by any other firm ; also all kiods of Siiadinps, Nettings. Canes, ami other Sundries at Wholesale Prices to the Tratle only. MARENDAZ iXD FISHER. JamesStrect. Covent Garden. W.C. GARDEN NETTINGS, HOTHOUSE SHADINGS. TIFFANY. RIGBY. WAINWRIGHT iXD CO., Manufacturers, Keptune Works, Manchester. COTTON WOOL and WADDING for Florists. THE NEW INSECTICIDE. LITTLE'S ^]\[XIPEST»PO>soNOU8 MIXES INSTANTLY WITH "WATER. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself the Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AXD IX (^UART, HALF-GALLON. AND OXE GALLOX TIXS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. CONTRACTORS TO HER MAJESTY'S WAR DEPARTMENT. THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY (Telegraphic Address -"HOT-WATER, LONDON." Telephone-No. 4,763) Have now pleasure in bringing to the notice ot Horticulturists and Gardeners generally their NEW PATENT (No 9090, 1888) HORIZONTAL TUBULAR BOILER, Which is, without doubt, the Best All-round Boiler in the Market. /( combines all the ad- vantages of its class so well knoti-n, and by the improved method of forming the joints — viz., with Indin- Tvbber Washers, the Old and too often Ineffect- ual way of caulking tbe joints is entirely dispensed with. It can be erected in a few hours, and may be relied upon as a thoroughly sound and good Hot-water Gene- rator. It has been care- fully tested in every possible u-ay, more especially with regard to power and dura- hildy, and the result has been highly satisfactory. "ACTION or PATZNT JOINT THE LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE STOCK OF HOT-WATER BOILERS of EVERY DESCRIPTION PIPES, CONNECTIONS, VALVES, VENTILATING GEAR, &c. INSPECTION INVITED. PRICE LIST ON APPLICATION. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, U. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. TRADH MARK. No. 20,528. CUPROLENE, THE INFALLIBLE WEED DESTROYER. The cheapest and best Killer of Weeds of every description on Carriage Drives and Garden Walks without disturbing the eravel. Used extensively throughout tlie kiiipdom. Rapidly supers diug, by reason of its cheapness, efficacy, and reliability, all other weed killers. Selection of 150 Testimonials post- free on application. Has never failed to give entire satisfaction. Messrs. HICIIARD SMITH ^' CO., Nursenjmen, Worcester, writes : — " We are pleased to say your Weed Killer is very effective, cleanly to use. ami the best we ever tried." PEICES, Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station :— 4 Gallons, sufficient for 100 gallons of water ... £0 6 0 I 16 Gallons, sufficient for 400 gallons of water 8 ., „ „ 200 „ .. „ ... 0 12 0 I 40 .. „ 1000 .£120 .276 5 per cent, discount for cash zvifh order on amounts of £1 a7id upwards. To Ireland, Scotland, and Channel Island^, carriage only paid on 8 yallons and over. Sole Proprietors and MANa*FACTUREES^ DEIGHTON & CO. /-MANUFACTURING \ ^. CHEMISTS J^ BRIDGNORTH. HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &,C. All Goodn delieered carria'je paid. fiend for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. RANSOMES' FIRST-CLASS AWARDS. M.'llioiiriic, IKSH. ItaliiTii. 18SS. "J liivi'iilioiia. 1>S.'>. Livcrpuul, 18.1(3,. LAWN MOWERS, The Beat In the World. In nil sizes to suit " NEW AUTOMATON." •• CHAIN AIITO.VIATON," ■' NEW I'ARIS," " EDUE CUT-IEK," " BANK CUTTER." fvfry reiiiiireraeiit. the Heat Gear Maeliine. the Heat Chain Machine. the Best Small Machine, the only one of real service the Best tor Cuttiiij; Slojiea " NEW AUTOMATON GARDEN ROLLERS. Orders executed promptly by all Ironmonj^ers. RANSOUES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. FOR SALE, 1,000,000 yards of Galvanised WIRE NETTING; :« tons ot BARB WIRE. 4-pointe,l, 7 inches apart ; 40 tons of Galvani.sed 7-ply STRAND ; .Jliij tons of Solid-drawn STEEL FENCING WIRE, Nos. 4 (o ». both Plain and Galvanised ; also Galvanised EYE-BOLTS and Screwed EYES tor A'ineries. — Send for Lists to THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). W,arrinKton. GARDEN NETTING.— 100 square yards in one piece. 2s. 6rf., ca-sh with order. E. A. NORTHEY, Auctioneer, Plymouth. ARDEN REQUISITES. — Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lowflr Thamfts Street. London. K.O, RA F F I A. — R A F F I A. — The very best material for Tying up Plants and Flowers of all description^*, about half usual price:— (J'/, per pound parcel, postage Zd. first pjuiid, \^d. each pound afler, from the great Bulb Importer. ROBERT SYDENDAM. Tenby Street North, Birminghrmi. T70U SALE, Cheap, "SHANKS' PATENT 1? :iti-inch LAWN-MOWER." Complete ; practically asgood ai new. — Particulars of Mr DEAVIN, The Gardens, Harewood Lodge, Sunninghill, B-rks. GLASS. — CHEAP GLASS. 8s. 6lL per 100 feet 15 oz. 12X10, 18x12, 18X14,24X14, 14x12. 20x12, 18X16. 24xia, 12s. per 100 feet 21 oz. ... 16x12. 16x14. 20X16. 24 x 18, &c. Putty, 6s. 6rf. percwt. ; White Lead, genuine, 21s.: Our Speciality, 17s. 6rf. percwt. ; Paints ground in Oil. Stone Ochre, 20s.; Oxford Ochre. 24s.; Green, 16s.; Black. 16s. per cwt. ; Varnish, from 6s. 6rf. per gal.*"Full Price List on applica- tion to THE CHEAP WOOD COMPANY. 95. Bishopsgate Street Within. London. E.G. Made in superior earthen war*", 1 1 m. Inn^, f5^ mi. .!,.>|.,;iii'i 6 in. wide. Inside, 2f inches from IIm- t^p, is ;i p.Tforat.'il movable false bottom, upon which the soil for cuttings or seeda is placed, the lower half being filled with water, which is replenished when required through the funnel. It fits evenly on 4-inch hot-water pipes, and will be found a simple and effectual meaon of uttlit-ing them for propagating purposes. With the false bottom removed it forms an effective vaporiser. Price ."^s. each; glass shade for top. Is. Qd. extra. Price for any iiuantity, carriage paid, on application. r'lr/lAn Pftta I Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade. taraen I-OIS. | ^^ey are well burnt, porous, :n.,i of a splen- did colour and shape. Samples carriage fn-p. (inhid Pottery of every description. Send for Price List.— THOS. PASCALL & SONS, South Norwood Pottery, Surrey, S.E MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P 8 ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. 478 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 13, 1889. aABSENiira apfointicents. Mr, C. J. Salter, formerly Gardener to the late J. SouTHGATE, Esq., Selborne, Streatham, Surrey, has been appointed Gardener to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate. Mr. John Wright, having resigned his situa- tion at Kingwell Hall, Bath, has been appointed Head Gardener to Francis Dei.me Radci.iffe, Esq., Hitchin Priory, Hitchin, Herts. Mr. Mark Hartwell, late Gardener at Glynllifon Park, Carnarvon, has been appointed Gardener to Sir A\'ir.LiAM iLvRLiNO, Bart., Stanley Park, Stroud, Gloucestershire. YOUNG LADIES who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own wav in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. ROBERTS BROTHERS, Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street. Covent Garden, W.C. hereby beg to notify to all whom it may concern, that on and after this datfi their late employes, George Fisher and J. Bridgland, will CEASE TO BE IN THEIR SERVICE. Indian Appointment. MESSRS. DANIELS liROS., The Royal Norfolk Seed EstabH^lmlent. Norwich, desire to THANK THE NUMEROUS APPLICANTS for the appointment of Manager of Fruit Gardens in India, and to inform them that a suitable CANDIDATE HAS BEEN SELECTED for the position. ANTED, AT ONCE, a thorough good MAN, no family, to take the Management of Nursery, chiefly Glass; must be good at Chrysanthemums, Tomatoa, Cucumbers, &c. ; Cut Flowers, Wreaths, and Bouquets a specialty. Wages to commence at 205, per week, with a good House, and a Commission of 5 per cent, on his Sales. — Apply, with references, age. &c., CHARLES ROBERTS, Nurseryman. Gloucester. WANTED, an experienced GARDENER (Single), accustomed to Propagate Hard-wooded Plants, and with some Botaniciil Knowledge of Tropical Plants, who would go to the Argentine on large established Estate, to take charge of the Nursery. State wages ; former engagemeota. Must be an abstainer, and ready to go at once, —Apply by letter in own handwritiag, T. CHRISTY AND CO., 2o, Lime Street, E.C. WANTED, MARKET GARDENER, with good knowledge of Glas.ihouse Work and Fruit. £1 per week, and good Cottage. Abstainer preferred. — Z., .)98, Messrs. Deacon V, Leadenhall Street, E.C. WANTED, at Barnit Green,Worc;estershire, a SINGLE-HANDED GARDENER. Must be active and well up in Fruit. Vegetables, and Flowers, and have some knowledge of Orchids, Help given at busy times. Would reside in the lodge, and tlie Wife would have to mind the gate. — Full particulars, stating wages required by letter only, to Mr. HENRY BUCKLEY. Birmiugham. WANTED, good UNDER GARDENER; thorough knowledge both Inside and Out. Wages, 185, per week to begin. No Lodging.— GARDENER, Park Farm, Sevenoaks. WANTED, a strong, active young Man, as UNDER GARDENER, competent to take charge of Vineries. Greenhouses, Pits. &c., and to assist in Flower Garden, Pleasure Grounds. &c. Age 26% churchman.— Apply to Mr. MASTERS, The Gardens, Shuckburgh Park. Daveutry. ANTED, UNDER GARDENER, where four are kept; married, not more than one child. Three large rooms, rent free. Abstainer preferred. Wages. l^,._Apply by letter to G. TURNER. Green Hills, Tilford, Farnham. WANTED, a good AVORKING FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR of all kinds of Nursery Stock, chiefly Outdoor. Single man preferred. — Apply, with refer- ences, to W. SHAND, Nurseryman. Lancaster, WANTED, a young MAN, as good General PROPAGATOR and FERN GROWER, under Foreman, in a Market Nuraery. AIho an active LAD, of M or 15 years of age, used to Potting aud Watering. Must both have good references.— MARSHALL BROS, and CO., Barnham, Bognor. WANTED, a good JOURNEYMAN, for the Houses, used to Potting, Tying, Watering, &c. — State wages required to R. OWEN, Floral Nurseries, Maiden- head. WANTED, good experienced MAN, to take charge of Nursery ; good character indiapensable.- Apply, Woodgate Nursery, Barkby. WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Grow- ing Choice Cut Flowers for Market. — Apply with references, age, and wages exiiectcd, G. BENNETT, Brent Hill Nursery, Hanwell, W. ANTED, SIX or EIGHT MEN used to Cucumber, Tomato, and Grape Growing. Permanent places Ixj suitable men.— Apply, stating age, reference, and wages expected, to Mr. JOSEPH ROCHFORD, Turnford Nur- senes* near Broxbgume, Herts. WANTED, a young MAN, experienced in Grape Growing for Market; references required. —State wages, with Bothy, to IXNES AND CO., Sunny Hill Vinery, Littleover, Derby. ANTED, a young MAN, to attend to two Palmhouses, and help in serving.^Apply, BOURNE AND UNDERWOOD. 52. High Street. Camden Town. N.W. ANTED, a ^lAN, used to PalnisTFurnish- ing, &i'.. and make himsalf useful. Constant employ- ment to a steady man. — Apply, stating abilities, &c., to S. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Ortice, 41. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. ANTED IMMEDIATELY, good SPADE HANDS, for Laying-out. &c. Wages. 21.5.— WIILLVM HOLMES. Frampton Park Nurseries. Haekncy, E. WANTED a strong active young MAN (not under 20), to work a Horse Machine, and to fill up his time under Glass. Wages 13s. per week, with bothy and vegetables.— .1. SPILSBUEY, Blankney Hall, Lincoln. ANTED, in a London Wholesale Seed Establishment, a TRAVELLKE, to take the Midland Counties and Wales. Preference given to one who has taken the journeys before. To a thoroughly competent man a liberal salary would be given. — .Vddress, with particulars, to ALFRED LEGERTON. Seed Merchant, 5, Aldgate. London. E. ANTED, in a Shop, a MAN, to Manage Cut Flower aud Plant Department and Jobbing Work. One with experience, and used to men. Married preferred. — C. PRATLEY, American Nursery, Marlborough Road, Upper Holloway, N. ANTED, a young MAN, well up in all branches. Must be good Salesman and able to make up Wreaths, Bouquets, &c. Also a young MAN to Drive \'an. Must be experienced in Packing Plants, &c., and used to Market. — Apply, stating age, references, wages, &c., to H. C. FOLL, Nurseryman, Seedsman, and Florist. 1.38. High Street. Putney, S.W. ANTED, a SHOPMAN.— One who has taste in arranging Wreaths, Crosses, &c.; must be a good Salesman, and have fair knowledge of General Nursery Stock. — Apply, stating wages required and full particulars, to H. ENGLISH, Clevedon Nurseries, Clevedon. ANTED, JUNIOR SHOPMAN, with a fair knowledge of Seed and Nursery Trade. Would be required to attend St;\ll at Markets. — Apply, with references, to VV. WRIGHT. Seedsman, Retford. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Paste Hestante" to initials or to fictiiiom names are not forivofded, but are at ojice returned to th i writers. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In jnany insta7ices Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, addrexs, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the se?u/er ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, iind frt' quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are reqtcested when Remitting to give their A'^ames and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tiiements which they wish repented. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Sjtbscribers, and Others. — Jt is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at i\'o. 42, DRURV LANE, to W, lilCHARDS. as, itnless the number of a Postal Order is hiown, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B.—The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. ICH ARD SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners, eeekiug situations, and that they will be able to supply any La!dy or Gentleman with particulars. &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. GARDENER (Head).— .£.'') Bonus given by Advertiser to anyone procuring him a situation as above. — HORTUS. H. Loader. Kirkdale Nursery, Sydenham. S.K. ARDENER (Head).— Mrs. C. Maunsell, Sparrows Heme Hall, Bushey, Herts, wishes to recom- mend her Head Gardener, who has been with her thirteen years. Leaving on account of change in her establishment. ARDENER (Head).— Married when suited; thoroughly competent Flower, Fruit, and Vegetable Grower. Hiphly recommended as above, Abntainer. — W. WRIGHT, r..5. Cotterells, Kernel Hempstead. Herts. GARDENER (Head); age 32, married.— A. GooDEN, Norton Atherstone, would be pleased to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good Gardener, Can be highly recommended. Seventeen years' experience. GARDENER (Head); age 28.— Mr. John McKknzie, Linton Park Gardens, Maidstone, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, .Tames Hughes, for the past five years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the bervices of a thorough good man. G~< ARDENER (Head) ; age .34, married.— A T Genti.rman giving up his garden wishes to hiphly re- commend a Ihorongbly practical, trustworthy, energetic man. First-class Frtiit. Vegct-able. and Plant Grower. Twenty yeiirn' eiperience in good cHtablishments.-O. WARRINGTON, 13',, Dulwich Rood, Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30 ; fifteen years' practical experience. Five years in present situation. — W. FOSTER, Mr. Wheatley, The Gardens, Wellhead, Halifax. GARDENER (Head).— Age 26, married, no children ; excellent references. — Fifteen years' experi- ence.—E. COOMBS, The Gardens, Sheen House, Mortlake, Surrey. ARDENER (Head) : age 35.— Should this meet the eye of any Lady ur Gentleman who is in want of a thoroughly competent man, thev can be accommodateii by applying to Mr. R. GILBERT. Burghley Gardens, Stamford. GARDENER (Head).— A Ge"ntleman ' who is reducing his Gardening Establishment wishes to re- commend his Head Gardener. He is thoroughly experienced in all branches of tlie profession, and has held his present position for ten years.— Address, H.G.. Street & Co.. 30, Cornhill, E.C. ARDENER (good "Working).— No family; thoroughly experienced. Wife good Laundress ; could take care of House if retiuired. Good character. — Q. C., 2, Leeson Road, Heme Hill, S.W. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where more are kept. — Middle-aged, married, no family ; thoroughly qualified in every branch of Gardening. Disengaged. — R. WALKLING, 2, Marsland Cottages, Station Road.Oxted.Surrey. GARDENER (Head AVorking).— Age 44, married, two children ; good practical experience in all branches. Good references.- T. A., E. \\'illes, Bassett. Southampton. ARDENER (Head Wouking).- A Gentle- MAN, owing to change of residi^nce, can strongly recommend hi-; Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough good all-round man. — Address in first instance, .TOHN WALKER. Waltham Hall. Grimsby. GARDENER (Head AA'orking), where several are kept. — Age A'i, married, no family ; twent>'- five years' experience in well-kept Gardens. Land, and Stock. Good character from last, testimonials from former, employer=i. — B.. Mr. Bennett. Holy Nursery, Potter's Bar. GARDENER (Head AVorking), where several are kept. — Age 30. single at present; sixteen years' experience. Well recommended by preseut and previous em- ployers. Widowed mother to keep house. — HURST, The Rookery, St. Mary Cray. ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 37, married (2 children); thoroughly understands Vines. Peaches, Stove and Greenhou'^e Plants. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character. — .T. MASON, Swalcliffe, near Banbury. ARDENER (Head Wobking).— Age 35; marrieil. no family; twenty years' experience in Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Eight years' reference from last situation. ~W. GREAVES, Ockley, Dorking, Surrey. G1 ARDENER (Head WokkingX where two r or three are kept; age 2.'>, single. -A. Uarkrh, Adure Manor. Limerick, will be pleased to recommend ;i3 above his Foreman ( W. Watts) ; he has hfeu here thne ami a half years, and is a llioroughly reliable hard-working man. Abstainer. ARDENER (Head "Working).— A Lady wisliesto recommend a man who has a thorough practi- cal knowledge of Stove Orchids, Greenhouse I'lants, &c. Good Grapes, Peaches, Figs, Strawberries, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos. Good Vegetables. Over six years. Highest of refer- ences as to ability and character. — L., 6, Waterloo Place, Leather head. ARDENER (Head W'oreing) ; age 35, married, no family.— Mr. G. WvTnRS, Syon House Gardens, Brentford, will be pleased to recommend a good practical man, thoroughly experiencsd in all departments. Ten years' excellent character from present employer. Address as above. GARDENER (Head A^'orking).— Age 44, no family; experienced in Early and Late Forcing, Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucuuiii rs. Strawberries, Mu'»h- rooras, Tomatos, &c. Excellent liro\\vrof Chrysantht-mum'), Ferns, Stove and Greenliouse Plants. Well np in Carpet Bedding and Laying out New Grounds, and the Alanagement of a well-kept Garden, Grass Land, and Stock. Wife small Dairy, if required. Six years' good character. — M. C, 3, Oak Cottages, Addlestone, Surrey. ARDENER (Head, or good Single- HANDED) — Age 40, nofnmily; thoroughly experienced. Thirteen years' character. — V., Chard Chase, Clapham, S.W. GARDENER (Head AVorking, or Singlk- iiANDKD.) — AgeaO; eight years' good clmructer. Under- stands liis profession, and can be well recommemlod. — S. KERRISON, Ormeaby, near Yarmouth. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed). — Age ;i3, single ; sixteen years' experience in Early and Late Forcing. Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetable*". — S. 0.,3, The Nursery. George Lane. Lewisham, S.E. GARDENER (Head), or good Single- nANpr.D; age L>6.— .Tohn Chester, Onrdener to J. M. Heathcote, EHfj., Conuinglon Casile, can with conlidenoe recommend H. Knightley, who has been under him four years ILS Foreman. — 11. KNIGi'lTLKY, Conuington, Peterborough. GARDENER ; age 40, married, two ohil- dren (age 7 and h).—\ Gentlicman wishes t^ recom- mend a first-rate Gardener, who thoroughly understands his work. Eleven years in last situation ; leaving through death of his master.— G. BRADNEY, Esq., Bayford Lodge, Win canton. Apbil 13, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 479 ("^ ARDENER, where two or more are kept. — X Age XJ, married, three cliiUlrcu ; niuete^u years' ex- perieuce. Viue-s, Greenhouse. Flower, imd Kitchen Gurden. Four and a half years' good reference. — H. COURSE, Ashcroft, Kiugstoii-by-Sea, Brighton. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — Age 50; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good Fruit, Vegetable, aud Flower Grower, and capableof doing the best with h\rge or small garden ; the highest references. Low wages accepted.— WILLIAM GUNN, >fount Road, Braintree. GARDENER, where another is kept, or good SlNOLF.-HANDKD).— Age 31. married, three children ; good knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse Plauts, Vines. Cucumbers. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Abstainer four and a; half years. Good character.— R. S.. 7, Star Road, Spring Grove, Isleworth. GARDENER, where two are kept (or Single- handed).— Age I'o; thoroughly experienced in Plant and Fruit Growing. Four years' good character. — E. DOLLEY, :*4, Martindale Road, Balham. GARDENER (or good Single-handed).— Age 31, married ; well up in all branches. Well recom- mended from last situation.— E. POSNETT, Belhus, Aveley, Essex. GARDENER (Single-handed), or with help. Little Glass preferred. — Age 41. married, no family. Good Fruit. Flower, anj Vegetable Grower.— M. HINTOX, Hambrook, near Bristol. GARDENER (Single), or where one or more are kept ; married. — I confidently recommend William Howell to any Lady or Gentlemuu, He is an honest, imlustrious man, and a total abstainer. Has been hero two and a half years, and hopes to better himself by a change. — JOHN KNIGHT, The Oaks, near Epsom. GARDENER (Single-handed), where help is given.— Wanted in May, by smart, active young man (age 24), re-engagement. — Eight years' experience in Gardening in all its branches. Inside and Out. Two years' good recommen- dation from present situation, and previous, if required. — G, PRICE, Second Gardener, Charman Dean, Worthing, Sussex. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second), — Age 23; ten years' experience in Houses, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Excellent references as to ability and personal character.— GEORGE BLAKE, Brincliffe, Edge Road, Sheffield. (^ ARDENER (Single-handed, or Second, J where three or four are kept.— Age 27, single; three years in present situation.— W. C. BELLEFIELD, Englefield Green. GARDENER (Second), where five or six are kept. — Age 2.'^; four years' good character. — E. A., Sprowston Hall, Norwich, Norfolk. ARDENER (Second), in good establish- ment. — Age 24 ; eight years' good references. — T. BONNER. Peper Harrow Gardens, Godalming, Surrey. ARDENER (Second), in good establish- ment.— Age23; eight and a half years' all-round expe- rience.—J. TREGENZA, Par, Cornwall. GARDENT:R (Second), or otherwise. — Age 27 ; good knowledge. Inside and Out. Good references.— E. N., 7, Laurel Grove, Paiton Park, Syden- ham, S.E. ARDENER (Second). — Age 25, single ; ten years' experience. Three and a half years in pre- sent situation. Good character. — E. REFFOLD, Stone Park, Greeuhithe. Kent. GARDENER (Second), Inside, where three or more are kept.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Five years' good character from present employer.— SKINNER, Sherrington Manor, Selmeston, near Polegate. Sussex. ARDENER (Under, or good Sinqle- HAXDED).— Age 2(), single ; thirteen years' experience in good establishments. Over two years' good character from present employer.— FRANK SKELTON, Pepper Arden Gardens, Northallerton, Yorks. ARDENER (Under), under a good Gar- dener.— Age 24 ; steady and willing. Good character — T. BRINKLOW, Horn Hill. Chalfont, St. Peters, Bucks. ARDENER (Under).— Age 22 ; four years' good character from present aituation.- W. GORRIXGE, Sunte, Lindtield, Hayward's Heath, Sussex. ARDENER (Under).— Ag^l8 ; two years' good character.— CHARLES STANTON, 8.5. Martin's Road, Shortlands, Kent. ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years' character. Leaving to improve. Steady and obliging .r. HAZZARD, Rev. J. Collin, Elmdon, Saffron Walden, Essex. ARDENER (Under).- Age 21 ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Two years' good character from present situation.— F. G., R. Cram, 134, ilaxey Road, Plumstead, Kent. GARDENER (Under), where two are kept, in a Private Place or in a Nursery Private Trade.— Good experience and references.— SIMMONS, Balmoral Cottage, High Street. Wormley, Herts. O. ARDENER (Under), Insiae and Out.— Vj Age 22. single ; six years' experience. Two years' good character from present situation. — J. TREADWELL, The Oaks Lodge, Belvidere Park, Kent. GARDENER (Under), under Glass preferred. — Age 13; four years" good character from last sitna- tion.— \V. WALKER, Mrs. Cutler, William Road, Sutton, Surrey. ARDENER (Under); age 25.— Advertiser wislies to recommend the above to any Gardener. A steady industrious young man. Has been under me fifteen months. Leaving to improve himself.— G., 4, Wellington Road, Handsworth, Birmingham. GARDENER (Under), in a good establish- inent ; age 22. — Advertiser would be pleased to recom- mend a young man as above. Seven years' experience. Can also be well rr commended by present and previous empluyers. — J. B., Gardener, ft, Jane Terrace, Beverley. ARDENER and LAUNDRESS.— Both tho- roughly practical. Ages 45 and 40. One girl (14). Good character.— THOMAS, 83, Goldhawk Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. T^'^OREMAN, in good Private Establishment.— A Age 26; well up in all branches. Three years' good character as Foreman.— JAMES DUNCAN, Rokeby Park, Barnard Castle, Yorkg. OREM AN, under Glass.— R. Pennell & Son, Lincoln, can confidently recommend above. Well up in Wreaths, Bouquets, Orchids, Ferns, and general routine of Nursery Work. Good Salesman. FOREMAN, age 25. — Mr. Cakebbead can with confidence recommend a young man as above. Has lived with him three years as First Journeyman.— A. K., Gardens, Rayners, Penn, Bucks. To Growers for Market, &c. FOREMAN (Working).— Age 44, married, no family ; good Propag.itor. Cut Flowers, Plants ; also Fruit and A'egetables in quantity. Long experience in abo\'e. Good character.— T. B., 44, Thomas Street, Coventry. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, or GROWER. — Age .34 ; Roses, Bouvardias, Ferns, Cut Flowers (Specialty), Cucumbers, Tomatos. Character will bear strict investigation.— R., :08. Moat Road, East Grinstead, Sussex. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (General), or GROUND FORE- MAN.—Age 37; twenty years' practical experience with Roses, Fruit Trees, Conifers, and General Nursery Stock. Unexceptional references as to character and ability.— QUERCUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. POREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, hi A, the Houses. — Age 2.3; nine years' experience. Gootl cliaracters,— H. WHITEHEAD, Westbury, Brackley, Nortli Hants. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Age 25, unmarried ; Cucumbers, Tomatos, Ro'^es. Ferns, Stephanotis, and Cut Flowers in quantity, for Market. —ROBERT. 50. Queen's Road, East Grinstead. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Assistant).- Age 20 ; six years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse, and Soft- wooded Plants. Good references. — W, E., Vine Cottage. Barnham, near Bognor, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses; fj age 2.T — W. Dancr, The Gardens. Gosfield Hall. Essex, can highly recommend a strong, active young man. — Ten years' experience. JOURNEYMAN (First), in " the" Houses ; age 23.— H. Pohtfr, The Gardens, Studley Castle, Redditch, can with confidence recommend a trustworthy young man as above. JOURNEYMAN {Fih.st), in the Houses.— Age 24 ; three years' (character from present situation. Bothy preferred.— C. MANFIELD, Brownsea Island, Poole, Dorset. JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. Lawley wishes to CJ recommend a young man as above, who has been under him for the last four years. — Adcote Gardens, Easchurch, Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 24; seren and a halt years' experience.— L. R., Gardeners' Chro7iicle0^ce. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; can be well recommended by present employer. Bolhy preferred.— W. HARDY, The Gardens, Wellingore, Grantham. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 23; six years' experience. Excellent character. Bothy not objected to.— E., 31. Houseland Road, Tonbridge, Kent, OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; five years' experience. Good references. — H. DA VIES, The Gardens, Langford Park, Maldon, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, Inside ; age 21.— J. Trigger, The Gardens, ]\Iilt&n, Peterborough, can highly recom- mend Samuel Watkin^ to any Head Gardener requiring an active and industrious young man. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; six years' experience in Growing Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Plant'?. Good character.- WILLIAM HITCH- MAN, Souldern, Banbury. Oxon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses ; age 22.— W. H. Masters, The Gardens, Gamons, Hereford, can with every confidence recommend a trustworthy young man as aboTe. Sevan and a half years' experience. K JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out.— Age 19; five years' experience. Good character.— G. MARLOW. Manor House Gardens, Manor Road. Richmond. JOURNEYMAN, good, in the Houses.— Ago 22 ; eight years' experience. Two years' good cha- racter. Has good testimonials.— F. MILLS, Rock Cottage, Kitesnest, Whiteshill, near Stroud. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 ; eleven years' experience. Thorough good character . Abstainer.- C. HOWELL, Shuckburgh, near Daventry, North- amptonshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; bothy preferred.— H. Tkmple, The Gardens, Kytes Watford, can highly recommend a young man as above. Five years' good character. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23; nine years' expe- rience. Stove, Greenhouse, Vines, Peaches, Melonn, Cucumbers, and Lawns. Two and a half years' good reference, -W. ASHBY, 4. Spring Field Road, Harrow. JOURNEYMAN, or SECOND, where two are kept.— Age 21 ; good references. Willing to make him- self useful.— E. ALDER, Barn Elms, Barnes. IMPROVER.— Willing, active, and anxious to learn. Good reference. — T. SIMPSON, Ravenswood, Weetcliffe Road. Birkdale, Southport. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 20 ; two years' good character. Bothey preferred.— HOARE, Woolvers, near Re i gate, Surrey. IMPROVER. — Age 19; two years' experience in first-class Nursery. Good practical knowledge of Soft- wooded Stuff. &c. Strong, energetic. Excellent references,— D., Mr. Glover, Basingstoke. IMPROVER, under Glass ; age 18.— Mr. W. E. Austin, The Gardens, Copt Hall, Mill Hill, N.W., can highly recommend a young man as above. Bothy preferred. NIFEMAN, in a good Nursery ; age 24.— Mr. James Bird, American Nurseries, Downhum, wishei to recommend a young man who has been in his employ eight and a half years. O NURSERYMEN. -Situation wanteds^ Glass. Three years' experience in one of the leading Nurseries. Well up in Hard and Soft-wooded. Propagating, Grafting, &c., and thoroughly understands the Management of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Age 20.- G. L., Fuller, Newsagent, North Finchley. 0 MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Young man Cage 23) requires situation where he can gain experience in Inside Nursery Work. [Good knowledge of Gardening gene- rally. Reasonable wages accepted. Distance no obiect.— W. T. DOUGLAS, Myton Grange, Warwick. TO GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted, Situation for a Lad (age 16). under a Gardener, has knowledge of Gar- dening, good character.- HEAD GARDENER, Hilder's Court, Chiddingly, Hawkhurst, Sussex. A DUTCH YOUNG MAN (age 23), is XX desirous of obtaining employment in London or the Provinces, as specialist in Wreaths, Bouquets, Ornamental Mounting. &c., or as General Gardener. First-cla'^s references. Been engaged eight years in Germany. Can speak French, German, and Dutch.— R.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. PUPIL, at good Market Fruit Grower's.— Age 21; quick and well educated.— A. F.. 84, Weston Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. ANAGER, or MANAGING SHOPMAN. —Owing to the amalgamation of the two firms of Dicksons', of Chester, the Advertiser (age 36), holdinLC a similar appointment to one of them, is now open to a re-engagement . Twenty years' practical experience, and possessing a thorough knowledge of the Seed and Nursery Trade in all its branches. Highest references.— L. A. W., Dicksons", Chester. ^HOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Age 30; tho- O rough knowledge of Seed, Bulb, Plant, and Flower Trade. Good references.— W M. HARRIS, Hammerwood, East Grinstead, Sussex. QHOPMAN.— Trustworthy man, well up in O Seed, Plant, and Flower Trade.— Apply, by letter, SMAIL AND CO,, 23, Lime Street. London, E.G. SHOPMAN. — Seven years' practical experience in London and Provincial Houses.— T. HURST AND SON 152, Houndsditch, E.G. URSERY or SEED. — Advertiser seeks situation in a London or Suburban Firm a.s JUNIOR GLERK or ASSISTANT in Seed Department. Has eood know- ledge of Trade.— T. O., 10, Ifield Road, London, S.W. OLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— As spring approaches a most favourable opportunity offers for rectifying irregularities, removing impurities, and erasing blemishes which have arisen from the presence of matters forbad by winter from being transpired through the pores. This searching Ointment, well rubbed upon the skin, penetrates to the deeply-seatetl organs, upon which it exerts a most wholesome and beneficial inJluence. Well nigh all the Indigestions give way to this simple treatment, aided by purifying and aperitive doses oi Holloway's Pills, round each box of which plain mstructions are folded. Bilious disorders, loss of appetite, fulness after eating, lassitude, gout, and rheumatism, may be effectively checked in their painful progress, and long suCfering eradicated by these remedies. 480 THE GAnDENERS' CHBO^K'LE. [Apeil 13, 1889. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1889. The Winners of every First Prize in all cases of competition, and thei/ are the onhj Mowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. Patronised by— j. ^j^ -^g. Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN on many occasions, ^&T.^Wx^4^ J*"*^ ^ *° ''• ^**^- ^'"^ " Jo"""'' ¥ "'"'ticiilture,- o/ Jmie V. ,v,/j,s.- mS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, ^^^'.^ISUW "MOWINU MACHINES.— AtWr a critical eianiiimtion the Silver Medal ivas THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, tj&^^^^^M^^^^iija granted to the old linn of world-wide fame. Messrs. T. GHKES & Son, of Leeds and The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, "^^S^HlS'^'^'^Sj'S*' London. As the Machines are known in all lanils where good lawns ore cherished, And most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. it is quite niiiiccessary to give any description of them." Upwards of 145,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all cjlhers. Tkey have teen submitted U numerous practical tests m Public Competition, and in all cases have carried of the I/ii/hest Prue that has been given. The following are their Advantages over all others :— Ist Simplicity of Construction— every part b.'ing easily accessible. 2n>l. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 5th. They will cut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. To cut 6 i To cut 16 inches, canbeworkedbyone man ( ^ .q , on even lawn ... \ To cut 18 inches, do. man and boy... 7 10 ( To cut 20 inches, do. do. ... 8 0 ( These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. can be worked by (. £i i^ n a Lady ... S do. do. 2 10 0 do. bya strong youth 'A 10 0 do, by a man ... 4 10 0 do. do 5 10 0 DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 2:i inches, can be worked by two men £8 10 0 To cut 24 inche3, do. do. ...9 0 0 * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, SOs. extra. Acme " 01 perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. To cut 8 in, To cut 10 in, To cut 12 in. To cut 14 in, and ' Priiea of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Dox, or Side Delivery, with Cro.ss-stay complete, suitable for attaching to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness : — DONKEY and PONY MACHINES. To cut 2ti iiuhe.i £14 0 0 To cut 2a inchea 16 0 0 To cut 30 inches 18 0 0 Leather Boots for Donkey 10 0 Leather Boots for Pony 14 0 HORSE To cut ."^0 inches To cut 3tj inches To cut 42 inches To cut 48 inches Leather Boots for Horse MACHINES. £22 0 0 26 0 0 •M 0 0 ■M 0 0 1 9 0 The 26 and 28 inches can easily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inche.s by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse; and as the Machine makes little noise in working, the most spirited animal can be employed without fear of it runninp away, or iu any way damaging the machine. Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. , GREEN'S PATENT 'MULTUNI IN PARVO' LAWN MOWER. Highly Rkcommknpkd for SMALL Lawns. GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. Tbe Best Marker made. Size with I wlicel forOrdiiiary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. Sm:ill 6:ig of Marking Composition, 9ni. liii;#Misia§>-^?l^|#%r GREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 inches wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 168. Packing Case. 3.s. Specially designed to meet a want which lias long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grasi on the edges of walks, IwrdtTS, flower-beds, &c,. and do away with the t^ediou-H operation of cutting with ^h.'ars. I V^ A very useful and serviceable Mactilne. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable fur Kami or Horse Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam. Length £. .<;. (/. 16 in. by 17 in -^ h 20 in. by 22 iu. ,. ,,35 24 in. by 26 in 4 10 30 in. by32iu 7 10 Special iiuotatiori'* made for Pulh-rs. :t feet, 3A feet, an.l 4 feet Diameter, (il ted with Shafts for uur or two horse;,. GREEN'S PATENT STEAM ROAD ROLLERS As -upplied to the Caraberwell Vestry, and following Corpor- ations, viz. : HudderafieU. Southport, Sheffield, Morley, Fleer- wood Commissioners, Municipality of Tricsti", Culcutt4i, and other places. Rkfkrencf-s if Requirkd. Wt*ij;ht Ernplv I — 10 tons. 12j to WorkiiigTrim wilh Watcran.i Kn.-l;- , Weight in tons, IM tons. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Tlte largest stock of Mowers kept b>/ am/ /nauiif,icturer is to be found at our I^mlnn K^tnblishmatt , Sl-IiUEV WORKS. lif.ACKFUlAUS ROAD, where Piirch'tscrs can maAe selection out o/ seoerat hundred Machines of Hand. J'oni/, and J/or.^e I'otoer, ami have their Orders supplied the same daij as they are received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B. — Those who have Lawn Mowers which re(|uirc ri'pjiiriiig should Hend them to either mir Leeds or London Ksfablishment, where they will hiive prompt att^-ntiun, an an Klhcient Staff of Workmen in kept at both phues. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS. AND H (> R T I C a L T U R A L IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, &c. , &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also Ije had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Busine.s9 Letters to " The PubliBher," at the Office. 41, Wellington '^ tree t, Covent Garden, L ndon, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Mesars, Bradbury, Aqnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of WhitefriarH, City of London, in the Ccliuty of Middlesex, and published by the •aid William Richards at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, April ly, 1889. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established No. I2I.-V0L. V. {s?,r} SATUEDAT, APEIL 20, 1889. /Regt. as a Newspaper. /PRICE 3d> \WITH SUPPLEMENT.\ POST-FREE, SJrf. CONTENTS. ApODOgeton distachyon... fi03 Italian caatello, Mr. Ross' 496 Aquatic plants, indoor ... 492 Keferst«inia graminea ... 494 Beetroot in Kitchen gardeo, the ... 495 Books:— Lathnea clandestina ... 498 Monograph of Primula 499 Leptoopermum ecopa- Tomato, the 4W num 49H ramelliaain Peach-houses M2 Market garden notes ... 490 Cineraria cruenta 4S17 Mutisia Clematis 500 Cinerarias at Famham- National Auricula So- Royal 502 ciety 503 Cultural memoranda ... WH) Nursery note 5U5 Dendrobium aureum 494 Obituary : — ,, chrysostele xantho- McKenzie, J. A. 505 centrum 490 Odontoglossum crispum, ., nobile Schroderia- Si evens' variety 490 num 494 Orchid notes 494 ,, Wardiox aureum... 490 Orchids from the North . ,S02 Dutch Horticultural So- Pampas plume industry. 489 ciety 5(10 Paris Exhibition 49rt Epiphvllum truucatum . 502 Passion-flower Eynsford Flower garden, the 495 Gem 492 Flowers at the Duchess Plant Notes 5f»5 of Cambridge's funeral 498 Plants and their culture 49+ Forest- of Central Africa 498 Railway rates (see Sup- Fruits under glass ftOO plement) and 49fi Gardening appointment-s 511 Shortia galacifolia 502 (hirdeu Orchids, li^t of... 491 Societies : — Giient Chambre Syndi- Birmingham 504 cate 497 Edinburgh Botanical... 504 Hardy flowers 5o:i Newcastle-on-Tyne ... 504 Hardy frmt garden 495 Royal Horticultural ... 50:i .. herbaceous plint-9... 491 Torquay Horticultural .=.05 Hepaticas changing co- Tomatos in the open ... 49'i lour iLLU 502 8TF Vine lifting rATroNS. 501 Passion-flower Eynsford Gem 49.3 Italian cjistello. Mr. Ross' 4 SON, OMiield Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. Barr's Spring Catalogue. Now Ready, of THE BEST lIERliACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders. Rockwork. and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivated plants Only. Free on application. BARE AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES, TOMATOS. and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention secutiDg highest Market Prices, Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSKS. GKEGOKY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285. 286, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent Garden. London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address — •• CO.MMISSION. SIDCUP." Surplus Cut Flowers. HOOPER AND CO. (Limited) RECEIVE and DISPOSE of any quantity of above at best Market Prices. Boxes. &c., supplitd. — Address, Commission Depart- ment. HOOPER Alfli CO. (Limited), Covent Garden, W.C. OTICE. — SQUELCH and BARNHAM having dissolved Partnership, the Business will be carried on as heretofore by Henry Squelch, on the Premises lately occupied by the Firm. All debts due and payable will be received and discharged by Henry Squelch ; all outstanding Empties belong to Henry Squelch. ENRY SQUELCH (late Squelch & Barn- ham) RECEIVES CONSIGNMENTS of good Black Grapes, Mu-scats, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and Beans; also all kinds of choice Hothouse Flowers. H, Squelch's trade being especially for First-class Hothouse Produce, and he having a connection amongst the best Houses in London and Country, is able to command highest Market Prices. Account Sales fur- nished daily, and accounts settled weekly, or as desired. Empties and Labels Supplied. Bankers' and other references. North Row, Covent Garden Market, W.C. OUJSTAIN WANTED.— Granite, Marble; nice design, 9 to 12 foot baaio. — Address, stating where to be seen, to No. 463, ROBERTSON and SCOTT, Advertising Agents, Edinburgh. ECEIPTS WANTED for the Manufacture of CHAMPIGNON EXTRACT, also MUSHROOM EXTRACTS of all kinds, SOY. SAUCES, AROMATIC VINEGARS ; and paid for accordingly.— Address to H. 1185 S., care of Messrs. Haasenstein & Vogler, Frankfort-on-the-Main. L PERMANENT and BEAUTIFUL LAWNS, with a velvet surface, can be formed in eight to twelve weeks by sowing. ARTER'B INVICTA LAWN SEEDS. Price 25s. per bushel. Price Is. and Is. 6rf., and 25. 6rf. per packet, post-free. Price Is. Zd. per pound, to sow 1 rod of ground. Carters' Grass Seeds for Tennis and Cricket Grounds, price 20s. per bushel ; Is. per pound. All parcels carriage free. AWNS and LAWN-TENNIS GROUNDS : How to Manage Them.— See CARTERS' PAMPHLET. Gratis and Post-free. ARTERS, Seedsmen by Royal Warrant (o H.M. The Queen and H.R.H. the Prince ot Wales, '>:S7 and 238, High Holborn, London. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet BOX, Green, .3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. „ Variegated, 3. 4, 5, and 6 feet. PmCS AUSTRIACA. 3. 4. 6, and 6 feet. All well furnished, and finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER, Knap Hill Nursery, Woking, Surrey. SPECIMEN HOLLIES.— Beat Green and Variegated sorts, in fine Pyramids and Standards. Au Immense Stock. Sizes and prices on application. Also Speci- men CONIFERS in great variety. Now is the time to plant. RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. INUS AUSTRIACA., 9 to 15 inches, strong and well-rooted stuff, 2.=>s. to 30s. per 1000. EVERGREEN BOX, 18 inches to 2 feet, good bushy plant, f 1 per 100. EPPS AND CO.. Nurserymen, Ringwood. UT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &c.— Best class of customers in district for good flower^. Sales, WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Night all the year round. Daily, when reijuired. Largest and most centrally situiiied Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham. — POPE and SONS, 6. Phillip's Street (clo.-'e to Market Hull), Birmingham. Barr's Descriptive List of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Coveut Garden. W.C. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied. 5 feet, 6 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGIIORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. HOICE FLOWER SEEDS.— Saved from the most refined and beautiful strains in existence, Made up in suitable collections. Priced Lists Free. DICKSONS (Limited). The Royal Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphi.-*, &c. Enough to make 33 gallons of solution, free for Is. 3d. The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Sole Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. ^Limited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham . HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only hy ii>. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be bad of all Nurserv and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carria; c paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Road. Putnev . WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.B. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Prop:i- gators, and Hand-lights, post-free, for 6 stamps, to be deducti*d from first order.— CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. HRYSANTHEMUM CULTURE.— Standen's Manure, admitted by growers to be unrivallt- 1 for this purpose; in tins, 1.*., 2s. 6d., 5s. 6rf., and 10s. Qd. each. Sold by all Seedsmen. mat, Flowers, and Vegetables. THOMAS, Covent Garden Market. TehgTaph Address. "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. See large Advertisement, p. 4S9. 482 THE GARDENEB8' CHBONICLE. [Apbil 20, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Wednesday Next.-(Saie 7913.) 5000 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. L. a. MACRAK- THUM, and other Bulbs from Japan; BOO choice named Dwarf ROSES from France; HARDY, ORNAMENTAL, and FLOWERING SHRUBS in ^reat variety; CAR- NATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, and other BORDER PLANTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogueg had. Thursday Next, April 25. L.ELIA GRANDIS, CATTLEYA LABIATA WARNERI, L.ELIA PEElRrNn, CATTLEYA INTERILMEDIA, extra large masses; MILTONIA CLOWESII and M. SPECTA- BILE. ZYGOPETALUM GRAMINCEFOLIUM ; Z. MAC- KAYII, ONCIDIITM CRISPUM, &C. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from Messrs. F. Sander & Co.. to SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King'Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. April 'lb, at half-past 12 o'Clock pre- cisely, grand importations of the above, and many other line ORCHIDS, in the best possible condition. On view moruiug of Sale, and cataloguej had. Thursday Next— (Sale No. 7914.) A Portion of the Well-known COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS, formed by Captain Hiacks, of Thirsk. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instruc- tions from Captain Hincks (in consequence of his houses being overcrowded), to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT. April 25. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a portion of his well-known COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, com- prising Cypripedium Hinclcsianum Leelia anceps. White Masdevallia Veitchii grand- flora ,, Harryana BuUs-blood „ Chelsoni ,, Crossi ,, ignea militaris ,, rosea Sobralia macrantha nana Dendrobium Brynerianum Masdevallia Harryana " Comet " ,, trochilus ,. ignea Massangeana ,, ,, Eckhardi &c.. &c. Tuesday, April SO. ? ORCHIDS in FLOWER.— SPECIAL SALE. IITESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS ItJL desire to annoimce that their next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for which they will be glad to receive notice of entries as early aa possible. Highly Important Sale. The Unrivalled Collection of SUCCULENT PLANTS, formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Esq., and enjoying a reputation probably unequalled in Europe. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Sudbury House, Hammersmith, W., on WED- NESDAY and THURSDAY, May 1 and 2, at 11 for 12 o'Clock precisely each day, without reserve, the \\ hole of the Valuable COLLECTION of SUCCULENT PLANTS, including many species that are unique, and others of extreme rarity, including the Entire Stock of the beautiful new Cereus, J. T. Peacock, Gasteriaa, Hawarthias, Agaves, Phyllocatus, Sempervivums, Mesembryanthemums, Opuntias, Yuccas, Echinocactus, &('. Also 120 fine plants of Todea superba. several large Camel- lias, Lapageria alba and rosea, and other plants. No plants will be sold privately prior to the Auction. Catalogues may shortly be obtained of Mr. VICKERY, Head Gardener, on the Premises ; and of tlie Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday, May 3. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in the above SALE, by order of Messrs, Seeger & Tropp. a splendid Specimen :i\IAXILLARIA SAN- DERIANA, with 6 fiower-spiltes, which will no doubt be open on the day of sale; 1 CYPRIPEDIUM CASSIOPE. R. H.Rolfe; only 2 fine plants of thisfine hybrid iire in existence ; 1 CYPRI- PEDIUM PAGEANUM. Rchb. f., fine plant ; 1 CYPRIPEDIUM SEEGERIANUM, fine plant. On view morning of Sale. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Thursday Next. April 26. Received direct for Sale,, without Reserve, Ten cases of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA, the well-known Pacho Variety, just arrived per s,s. Essequibo, and brought home under care of collector. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, .SS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.. on THURSDAY NEXT. April 25. On view morning of Sale, and catalogues had. Auction Rooms, East Street, Chichester. ]l/fESSRS. HOBGEN BROS, are favoured 1.T-L with instructions from G. Gatehouse, Esq.. to SELL by AUCTION, at their Rooms, East Street, Chichester, on SATURDAY. April 27, 1889, at 2 o'Clock precisely (removed thither for conveuience of sale), a very valuable Assortment of ORCHIDS and other HOTHOUSE PLANTS, comprising : — In ORCHIDS, the following choice varieties:— Cattleya Mossife, Mendeli. and Triante ; Dendrobium nobile, Pierardi, moschatum, Paxsoni, Jamesianum ; Odontoglossum Alexandne, Pescatorei. grande, gloriosum. and vexillarium ; Cypripedium barbatum, insigne. venustum. Eoxalli; Coelogyne criatata, Oncidium flexuoHum, Papilio majus; Masdevallia ignea, Harryana. and bella ; Zygopetalum Mackayi and maxillare; Cymbidium eburneum ; Lrelia anceps and majalis ; Anthurium Scherzerianum ; Aerides Fieldiiigi. nobile. and crispum ; Vanda tricolar and suavis; Cyptopodium Andersoni. In HOTHOUSE PLANTS :—Ixora3, Dractenas, Gardenias, Crotons. Caladiums, and Stephanotis; together with some Chrysanthemums and Azaleas. On view the morning of Sale. Catalogues may be obtained in due course of HOBGEN BROS, Valuers and Estate Agents, East Street. Chichester. Thursday Next. GREENHOUSE and BEDDING PLANTS. CARNATIONS. PICOTEES. CAMELLIAS, and AZA.LEAS in pots; EVER- GREENS. &c.; also a few Standard and Dwarf ROSES. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Room3, 38 and 39. Gracechurch Street, London. E.C. on THURSDAY NEXT April 25, at half-pa-st 12 o'Clock precisely, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Friday, April 26. SCHOMBURGKIA LY.SONI. in fine masses. Messrs. Veitch.in their Mmuinl of Orchidnceoits Plants, say: One of the prettiest, and at the f-ame time, one of the rarest of the genus. A stately plant, with stout, erect scape, bearing twenty or more large flowers on long foot-stalks. Flowers white, spotted, and barred with rich purple. BROUGHTON SANGUINEA. one of the finc-t of crimson rtowers, grand masses; and other rare Orchids. Also about 200 lots of various Established and Imported ORCKrDS. and 1200 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM of the best vnriety, in capital condition, collected and sent home by Mr. G. Kalbreyer. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT. April 26, at half-pa?t 12 o'Clock precisely. On vii-w morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. 12,000 ODONTOGLOSSUM cKISPUM of the best variety, in capital condition, including several large masses, collected and sent home by Mr. G. Kalbreyer, for Sale without reserve. IVTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will i.T-L include the above in their SALE, on FKIDAY NEXT, April 2S. On view morning ot Snie, and Catalogues had. Friday, May 3.— First Portion. The justly celebrated COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by C. Dorman, Esq., The Fira. Laurie Park, Sydenham. The whole of the Plants will be Sold (with a very few exceptions) without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions to OFFER by PUBLIC AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY, May 3, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the First Portion of the above justly celebrated COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. The plants are in splendid form, and include many fine specimens, the following comprising some ot the eading special species aiid varieties catalogued Odontoglossum Schroder!- anum Cymbidium Philbrickianum Aiiguloa eburnea, the true white Ciowesi variety Lffilia Perrinii nivea Cattleya Mendelii Morganse ,, Triante Backhouseana .. exouiensis ,, Trianfe magnifica ,, calumnata ., Wagneri ,, Reineckiana „ Wallisi ,. Skinneri alba Dendrobium nobile nobiliua ,, ,, Cooksoni ,, Leechianum ., Ainsworthii roseum ,, splendidissimum Vanda Sanderiana Cypripedium leucorrhodum, grand specimen with (3 growths ,, Morganee, prani. speci- men with 6 growths „ Tliibautianum, mo^t rare and beautiful „ Selligerura majus « ujaanthum superbura, grand specimen ,, euiyandruni ,, insigne Wallaci^i ,, Harrisianumsuperhum ,, vexillarium Pleurothallis Roe/li, magni- cent specimen Odontoglossum aureum mag- nificum, awarded Firj-t- class Certificate Masdevallia cucnllata Lycaste Skinneri alba Coelogyne cristata alba, several fine plants Tlie plants will be on view the morning of Sale. Catalogues forwarded, post free, on application to the Auctioneers. Gl and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. Preliminary Notice. The far-famed SUDBURY HOUSE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late J. T. Peiicock, Esq. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Executors of the late .T. T. Peacock. Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Premises, Sudbury House, Hammersmith. W.. on MONDAY. May 13, and four following day>i, at Imlf-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, the ENTIRE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, being the contents of twentv- three Greenhouses. For description of plants, see Gardeners' Chronicle, March 2.3 last. No Plants will be Bold privately prior to the Auction. The Collection may be inspected at any time by cjirds, to be obtained of the Auctioneers. Catalogues may be had when ready ot Mr. VICKERY, the Head Gardener, on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68' Cheap- side, London, E.C. The Celebrated Dovmslde Collection of Orchids. PRELIMINARY NOTICE. Alteration of Date to MAY 28 and 29. The whole for Sale absolutely without rp^erve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from W. Lee, Esq., of Down- side, Leatherhcnd (who has sold the li^statc and is relinquish- ing the cultivation of Orchids), to SELL by AUCTION, at thuir Central Sate Rooms, ((7 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, May 28 and 29 (iustead of .Tune 4 and 5 as previously announced), the remaining jiortion of the above renowned COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, the whole for Sale absolutely without the least reserve. Detailed advertisement will appear next week. FOR DISPOSAL, a Small NURSERY. Suit beginner. Well stocked with the best sorts of Plants for London Shop Cut Flower Business. Plants nt low Yaluntion. Houses small rental. Apply, B., 1, Ravensfield Villoa, Church Lane, Hendou, N.W. PLOT of FREEHOLD LAND (1 to 6 acres), partly fenced in; rich deep wiil ; suit rose grower or nurseryman; close to main-line station ; 2.^ miles out; excel- lent train service. £10 per acre. Plan and jiarliculars of J. F. HODGSON. 90, Lea lenhall Stre<-t, London, E.C. FIRST-CLASS WEST-END PREMISES, one door from Piccadilly, of the net annual valueof jE6U', and held direct from the Freeholder for a long unexpired term, together with or without the Goodwill of tiie Old-established Seed Business of Thomas Gibbs & Co.. or Ulft-rs for the Trade and Use of the Name, apart from the Lease, might be enter- tained. Apply, on the Premises, 26, Down Street, Piccadilly. W, ; or to Messrs. EDWIN FOX and EOUSFIELD, W, Gresbarti Street, Bank. E.C. ^^ To Fruit and Market Growers. TO BE LET, on LEASE, about 1 acre of LAND and numerous GREENHOUSES, well stocked with Fruit Trees and Vines, attached to a Private Residence. Most satisfactory terms for renting will be made to a substan- tial tenant. Full particulars on application to Messr-i. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London. E.C. Bodmersham, near sittingboume, Kent. TO BE LET (with immediate possession), a comfortable HOUSE, with about 3 Acres of tirst-class Fruit Plantation, 6 Glass House, and Premises, all in good working order, held (with other Premises let off and producing £55 12s. per annum) under Lease which can be renewed. Apply to Messrs. JACKSON AND SONS, Valuers, &C., Sittingboume. ^ To Florists only. TO LET, from May 1 till middle of August, FRONT of SHOP, and good Space before it, and other conveniences for a Florist. In a commanding thoroughfare, near to Covent Garden. Apply to .T., 64, Goodge Street, W. Farkstone, near Bournemouth. TO BE LET, FLORIST'S and GREEN- GROCER'S BUSINESS; very good Shop, Greenhouse, and large Garden, A Devon Poultry and Butter Business con- nected with same. Apply, ALFRED BALL, Parkstone, Dorset. NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS. — Large piece of GROUND, with 2 GREENHOUSES, in North London Suburb. Good living for industrious man. Rent moderate. Apply to Mr. ALFRED RICHARDS, Estate Agent, Lower Tottenham. (727—2.) PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural :Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. and ot Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL 00. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received fine importations of the foIlo\viu«, and many other ORCHIDS : — DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM. „ INFUNDIBULUM. „ FORMOSUM GIGANTEtlM. „ DENSIFLORUM. „ CYPRIPtDIUM BELLATULUM. SACCOLABlUM BLUMEI MAJUS. AERIDES CRASSIFOLIUM, and many others. Fidl particulars. Post-free, on applieition to THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. B I G SALE. UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT FROiM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. CAMBRIDGE, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY. RENTS REGULARLY PAID. THE ABOVE ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY ST. JOHN'S COLLEiiE. CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to clear at any price, mag- nificent RHODODENDRONS, 6 to 7 feet high, unequalled In the Trade. Buyers must book toSiinningdale Station, S.W.R. CHARLES NOBLE , BAOSHOT. EUCURY, GOOD KING HENRY, or ALL GOOD. — Tliis exeellent vegetable. s*o extensively grown in Lineolnshire, but .so little known elsewhere, deserved a foremost place in the garden. Superior to Asparagus, deli- einus, grows well on any soil, cuts from April to November. Once phuited will last a lifetime. Plant now to cut in April and all summer. Extra strong roots, :;S, 2s. ; 60, ,1s. 6£/, Seed. Is. paelict, free. ANDERSON aud SONS, Gardeners, Long Sutton, Lincoln- shire. April 20, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 4S3 A "WELL-STOCKED GREENHOUSE.— ABUTILONS. all the beat and ueweat; la fine sorts, BEGONIAS (evergreen class), fine for summer or winter ; 6 fine sorts, l.'f. Vti. HELIOTROPES (Cherry Pie), fragrant and free bloomers, best new and old sorts; lU for 2s. 6d. IjANTANAS, fine for greenhouse decoration, pretty and free; 12 sorts, 2s. 6d. SALVLA.S, distinct and pretty ; G fine sorts. Is. 6it. Half number at same rates. New CATALOGUE of these and everything else you want for Greenhouses of Gardens, free for S stamps. WM. CLTBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 13, Market Street. Manchester. V. EASPAEL.— This is still the best • DOnBLE GERANIITM for Cut Bloom or Decoration. 20,000 strong Market Plants now ready, 85. per box of 3 dozen. Terms, Casli. GEO. POULTON. Fountain Nursery. Angel Road, Edmonton. Fruit Trees. ^fi AAA PLUMS and DAMSONS ; Standard 0\Jl\J\J\/ and Dwarf-trained Morello CHERRIES, all fine grown trees. For price apply to FLETCHER BROS., Ottershaw Nureery, Chertsey, Surrey. 100 Herbaceous and Alpine Plants for 25s. RICHARD SMITH and CO.'S SELECTION, as above, contains a most interesting and valuable assortment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Rock work, which produce Howers and render the gardeu attractive all through the year. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free for 0 stamps. RICHARD SMITH ASD CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. STRAWBERRIES.— Strong Roots,4«. per 100. Plants in small pots, lt}s. per 100; ditto, in large pots, 25i. per 100. Descriptive LIST free.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants. Worcester. FUCHSIAS, in 40 best and new varieties. strong and Well-root^;'' Cuttings. S5. per 100 for Cash. S. MORTIMER. Swiss Nursery, Ftirnham, Surrey. RCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price LIST free. JAMES CYPHER, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham. EL L Y AND WALSH (Limited), Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £o upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. o PELARGONIUM ZONAL LILLIPUT— PRESIDENT AUG. VAN GEERT. Beautiful novelty, with large (lowers, lovely double white, colouring towards the centre in strong carmine ; golden foliage. Price: each is. ; aix plants, 16s. ED. PYNAERT, Ghent, Belgium. ERANIUJIS — PELARGONIUMS. — GERANIUMS.— All the finest sorts, from English and Continental raisers, for Pot Culture for Summer or Winter, bought in every spring, tried and inferior kinds discarded, 12 fine Single Zonals, 4^. ; 12 fine Doubles, is.; 12 beautiful Ivy-leaf varieties, 4s. PELARGONIUMS, the finest fiowers, best habits, most robust growers, 12 fine varieties, Gs. ; 12 large Plants, 9s. or 12s. All you want for a Garden may be selected from our new CATALOGUE, free for li stamps. WM. CUBRAN AND SON. Oldticlii Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. JUBILEE YEAR. To celebrate the 50th year of this Institution the Committee will place on the Pension List the whole of the Unsuccessful Candidates at the late Election, Seventeen in number, upon the express understanding that the sum of <£3000 be realised, in order to provide for the great Extra Annual Expense thus entailed, wittout trenching on the 'Reserved Funds. at JUBILEE FESTIVAL, t/ie ''ALBION,'" Aldersgate Street, JUNE 13, 1889, LEOFOIiD DE BOIHSCHILD, Esq., in the Chair. Donations and Collections already promised or sent toioards the Jubilee Collection o/lSSO; — LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD. Esq., Chairman ..,£105 0 0 The DUKE of WESTMINSTER. K.G., President ... 100 0 0 The DUKE of BEDFORD, K.0 100 0 0 The EARL of DERBY, K G 21 0 0 Baron HENRY SCHRODER, Vice-President ,.. 105 0 0 Messrs. ROTHSCHILD AND SONS 105 0 0 Lord BEVELSTOKE 52 10 0 J. S. MORGAN. Esq., Dover House, Roehampton ...105 0 0 JAJIES Mcintosh, Esq., Vice-President 62 10 0 N, N. SHERWOOD, Esq. (Hurst & Son), Trustee ... 62 10 0 H. B. MILDMAY, Esq., Berkeley Square 52 10 0 HERBERT J. ADAMS, Esq., Vice-President ... 26 5 0 HARRY J. VEITCH, Esq., Treasurer 26 5 0 C. CZAKNIKOW, Esq., Effingham Hall, Dorking.., 21 0 0 A. A. SILLEM, Esq., Sydenham 10 10 0 J. F. TIARCK. Esq., Chislehurst 10 10 D JOHN LEE. Esq., Kensington (Trustee) 10 10 0 THAMES BANK IRON CO., Upper Ground Street 10 10 0 J. H. VEITCH. Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 ARTHUR J. ^'EITCH, Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 THOMAS MANNING, Esq., Chelsea 10 10 0 Mrs. H. J. VEITCH, Eedcliff Gardens, S,W. .„ 10 10 0 B. S. WILLIAMS, Esq., Upper HoUoway, N, ,.. 10 10 0 Mr. C. W. BUCK, Covent Garden 5 .5 0 Mr. E. R. CUTLER. Secretary JO 10 0 Messrs. JOHN LAING aud SON, Forest HiU ,., 5 5 0 Messrs. WEBBER and CO., Covent Garden ,,. 5 5 0 Mr. A. PLUMMER, Seedsman, Staines 4 4 0 Mr. R. H. ROBINSON, The Gardens, Hevereham... 7 7 0 Mr. JOHN CROOK, Gardener, Farnborough .,, 8 5 0 Mr.EDWABD MITCHELL, Gr.,BoltonLodge, Leeds 10 10 0 Mr. W. R. HODGES, Gardener, Copley Dene, Highgate 10 10 0 Mr. E. GILBERT, The Gardens, Old Charlton. Kent 1 15 0 Mr,. VINCENT NICHOLL, Red HiU 2 2 0 W. J. BROWN, Esq 110 Miss CiTTLEY. Clayden, Edcnbridge, Kent ... 2 2 0 ROBERT HOGG. Esq., LL.D., Vice-President ... 10 10 0 RICHARD CHRIMES, Esq., Rotherham 21 0 0 Messrs. NUTTING AKD SONS, Southwaik Street... 10 10 0 Mr. WM. COLLINS, Gr., Chios House, Clapham Park 10 10 0 Mr. WM. WILDSMITH, Heckfield Gardens .., 110 Messrs. WATKINS AXI) SIMPSON, Eieter Street... 6 5 0 Mr. H. E. TILLMAN, Covent Garden 3 3 0 Mr. S. E. KAY, Finchlcy 2 2 0 Messrs. DICKSON, The Nurseries, Chester 10 10 0 Mr. GEORGE MONRO, Covent Garden 10 10 0 Messrs. BARR AXD SOX, King Street, Covent Garden 2 2 0 Mr. W. S. JOHNSON, St, Martin's Lane 5 5 0 Mr. J. C. STEVENS, King Street, Covent Garden ,,. 5 5 0 Messrs. CUTBU3H A.M) SON, Nurseries, Highgate... 5 6 0 Mr. J. ROBERTS, The (Jardens, Gunnersbury ,,, 10 10 0 Mr. B. WADDS, Birdsall Gardens, York X 1 0 Mr. G. WYTHES, Syon Gardens, Brentford 110 Mr. W. DENNING, Nuraeriea, Hampton 110 Mi, J, WAIKEB, Whitton, Hounslow 3 2 0 Mr. PETER BLAIR, The Gardens, Trenlham ,.. £1 Messrs. H. AXD A. TURNER, Royal Nurseries. Slough 10 Mr. W. C. LEECH, Albury Gardens, Guildford ... 1 Miss OSBORN, Streatham 3 Mr. W. BROWN, Merivale Gardens, Atherstone ... 2 Mr. THOS. S. WARE, Tottenham 2 Mr. PEARMAN, Salmon's Garden, Chislehurst ... 10 Messrs. JACOB WRENCH AKD SONS, London Bridge 6 Messrs. HOWCROFT A-NU WATKINS. Hart Street. Covent Garden 5 Messrs. THOMSON ani> SONS, Nurseries, Wimbledon 2 Mr. H. J. CLAYTON, Grimston Gardens, Tadcaster 1 Lord CALTHORPE 10 Messrs. SAYNOR, COOKE and RIDAL, Sheffield.,. 1 Sir JULIAN GOLDSJnD, Bart., M.P 10 Mr. W. CHAPMAN, Hawk's I'ard Gardens, Eugeley 3 Mr. C. SHEPPARD, Great Glenham Gardens, Sai- mundham 0 Mr. O. H. RICHARDS, Somerley Gardens, Ringwood 0 Mr. KENDALL, Templeton Gardens, Roehampton 10 Mr. WILES, Unsted Gardens, Godalming 10 Messrs. JOHN PERKINS AND SON, Northampton 6 CUTHBERT E. PEEK. Esq., Eousden 10 WILFRED PEEK, Esq., Rousden 10 Mr. A. J. LONG, Westwood Gardens, Droitwich.., 10 The Rev. W. WILKS, Shirley Vicarage. Croydon 1 Mr. LOUIS VAN HOUTTE, Ghent 2 Messrs. F. HORSMAN and CO., Colchester (annual) 1 Sir TREVOR LAWRENCE, Bart., M.P., Vice-Pres. 21 Mr. GEORGE BUTT, Kensington 2 Mr. GEORGE TIFFEN, Cannon Strett 2 Mr. WILLIAM GREEN, The Grange Gaidens, Bishops Stcrtford 1 Mr. JNO. BIRD, Nurseries, Downham 3 Mr. HUGH AIT0N,Messr3.Hurst& Son.Houndaditth 6 The YOUNG MEN, Syon Gardens, Brentford .., 0 The Hon. EVELYN ELLIS, Datchet 10 Collected at Mote Park Gardens, Maidstone 2 Mr. G. WILLIS, The Gardens, Hollowmead, Biahops- teignton 6 Messrs. WIMSETT and SON, Nurseries, Chelsea ... 2 Mr. W. KAYSON, Roval Exotic Nursery, Chelsea ,.. 0 Mr. H. DOWNING, Norbury Park Gardens 1 Mr. R. EULLEN, Botanic Gardens, Glasgow ,,, 1 Mr. J, PERKINS, Thornham Gardens, Eye 1 Mr. J. GOUGH, Harefield Gardens, Uxbridee ... 1 Mr. D. ROBERTS, Prestwold Gardens, Loughborough 1 Mr. J. H. PEARSON, Beeston, Notts 2 Mr, W. WARD, Little Aston Gardens, Sutton Cold- field 10 Mr. G. TURNER, GreenhiU Gardens, Telford. Surrey 6 Mr. J. SMITH, Mentmore Gardens, Leighton Buzzard 1 Miss MARY DRAKE, Elm Park Gardens, S.W. (annual) 1 0. F. Wn^ON. Esq., Heatheibank, Weybridge, Vice-President ... 10 1 0 10 0 1 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 10 0 5 0 6 0 2 (1 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 (1 10 0 10 a 10 N 10 0 10 0 5 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 « 1 0 2 0 5 0 12 « 10 (I 13 3 0 0 2 0 S 0 1 0 1 0 1 II 1 (1 1 0 2 0 10 0 14 » 1 0 1 0 10 0 THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. ry H £300 E SECOND ELECTION. FIVE CHILDREN to be Elected to the benefits of this Fund, consisting of an allowance of bs, per week (subject to the conditions stated in Bule xiii.), will take place on FRIDAY, July 19 next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.C, All applications must be made on a proper printed Form, copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon, Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries, Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to the Secretary not later than SATURDAY, April 20, 1889. A. F. Babbon, Hon, Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, W. PRIZES, MEDALS, and CERTIFI- CATES for FLOWERS, FRUIT. VEGE- TABLES, and HONEY. Open to Members of all Co-Operative Societies in the King- dom. (£200 for produce grown from " One and AH" Seed of the Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Limited). Schedules on application to THE SECRETARY, 3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is.. 2s. Gd., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Gd. ; 6 ditto. 3s. Tubera, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz; Bedding, choicest, 65. and 9s. perdoz.; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATAXOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. OA AAA DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, Single, ^yj^yjyjyj Bedding, Cactu.s, Bouquet. See CATA- LOGUE of the ^^■hole Family of these and everything else you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 lovely kinds of any class, 3s. ; 25 lovely kinds of various class, Gs.; .50 lovely kinds of various class, lis.; 100 lovely kinds, of various class, 21s. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldtield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARPE'Si Special Priced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unusually low this season, and may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. QA f\{\f\ CLEMATIS, in Pots, of all the OU^UW finest Double and Single Varieties (some of the flowers of which become 10 inches across, and are of every shade, from pure white to the darkest purple), for climbing and bedding, from 12s. to 24s. per dozen, strong plants ; extra strong plants, repotted into 5^inch pots. 2s. 60. each ; Beauty of Worcester, a magnificent purple, excellent for bedding, recently sent out by us, reduced price 25. Gd. each. Descriptive LIST on application.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Worcester. ABBAGE PLANTS, Antnmn Sown, Shil- ling's Queen, Early Rainham, Drumhead, Savoy, 2s. &d. per 1000, 45s. per 20,000, packed ; 100, tree. Is. 3rf. King Cos, Bath Cos LETTUCE, Aigburth Brussells Sprouts, 4s. per 1000. packed ; 100. free. Is. M. Strong FLOWER PLANTS— Wall flowers, dark Red, Purple, Brown, Yellow ; Sweet Williams, Papavers, Pyrethrums, Dianthus, 3s. per 100, 25j. per 1000, packed; Is. per dozen, free. EDWARD LEIGH, Cranlcigh, Surrey. N.B. — Few hundred Early London CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, 3s. per 100, tree. RED CABBAGE and TRIPOLI ONIONS, Is. M. per 100, free. OSES— CLEMATIS— ROSES— all in pots, can be sent and planted any time ; the finest named sorts. See Catalogue, -nith colours, description'^, prices of these, and all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 fine TEA and NOISETTE ROSES, lus. ; 12 Hybrid Perpetual ROSES, 12s.; 12 Extra-sized Tea and Noisettes to force now, 30s. ; for Arbours, Pillars, Walls, &c. 3 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours. 3s. Gd. ; 6 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 6s. ; 12 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 10s. Gd. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. To the Trade. Choice Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make • special low offers of their exceptionally fine Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1888 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and further particulars may be had on application. Seed Growing EitebliBhmeDt, Wisbeach, L 484 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [ApbiL 20. 1889. CALADIUMS, GLOXINIAS. — Lovely CALADIUMS of the finest sorts, splendid varieties, handsome foliage, clean, easily grown ; 12 sorts, Gs., 9.1., I2s. Gorgeous GLOXINIAS, rich colours, pretty foliage, lovely flowers; 12 for 6s., 9i-., 12s. New CATALOGUE of these and all other plants, 130 lartie pages, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SOX, Oldtield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ANTHOllY WATERER INVITES A2f UfSPEOTIOW FROM INTENDING PLANTERS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stotct straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted within two years : — ACACIA BESSONIANA, 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- KENS. 12 to 14 feet; ACER DASYCARPUM, 12 to 16 feet; A. DASYCARPUM WIERH LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A. NEGDNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, S to 10 feet ; A. LEO- POLDII, 12 to 14 feet; A. REITENBACHII, 12 to 14 feet ; A. SCHWEDLERH, 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYII, Stindards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH. Mountain. 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple. Pyramids and Standards, 10 to 16 feet. BIRCH, Silver, 12 tola feet. CHESTNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Double White. 10 to 16 feet; Scarlet, 12 to 16 f.et; Spanish, 12 feet. ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet ; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIMES. 12 to 16 and 20 feet; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAR. 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE. Norway. 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet ; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR BOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE. Common, 14 to 16 feet; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet ; White, 8 to 10 feet. WALNUTS, Common, 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees. BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet ; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH, Young's Weeping. Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 14 ft. ELMS. Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH. Weeping, Pyramids. 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet. POPLAR. Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPUNICA PENDULA, Standards, 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. SPRING, 18 8 9. CHARLES TURNER'S OENERAL and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c.. Is now ready, and will be sent free on application. THE ROY'AL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. FERNS A SPECIALTY. The finest, most varied, choice, and interesting Collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of Stove, Greenhouse, & Hardy Ferns. Partially descriptive CATALOGUE free on application. Illustrated CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustra- tions, and much valuable information on the Cultivation of Ferns, Is. 6. to 36<. per dozen, Detcriptive Litt free on appHcatim, RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. Apkil 20, 1889.] TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 485 LAWSON'S FIELD ROOT SEEDS. PETER LAWSON TSON, Limited. WHOLESALE SEED G K O W E R S AND MERCHANTS, EDINBURGH, Will be glad to send, upon application, Special^Offers of their Selected Stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW. HYBRID, & WHITE-FLESH TURNIP SEEDS. Also their Superior Stocks of MANGEL WURZEL SEEDS, All of which, usually give much satisfaction to their Constituents. Cheap Bedding Plants.— Special Offer. WILLIAM BADMAN offers as under, from store pots, all well rooted, and fit for present potting. The present is a good time for making up losses sustained during the winter :- VERBENAS, Purple, White. Scarlet, Crimson, Kose, fts. per 100 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per 100. LOBELIA, Bluestone, pumila maguifica, Brighton Blue, 3^. per 100. CALCEOLARIA. Golden Gem. 65. per 100; Camden Hero, fine dark. 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE. Jaun d'Amour. Miss Nightingale, 65. per 100. AGERATUM. Imperial Dwarf, blue, 5s. per 100. COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 85. per 100. IRESINE LINDENII, dark crimson, good bedder, 8s. per 100. PELAJIGONIUM. Vesuvius, finest bedding scarlet, 89. per 100; Master Christine, Mrs. Levers, .Teuny Dodds, best pinks, 125. per 100 ; Henri Jacoby. best crimson, 125. per 100; Madame Vaucher, Niphetos. white, 12s. per 100; Queen of the Belgians, finest white, 35. per doz., 20s. per 100; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, Jean Sisley, White Vesuvius, John Gibbons. 12s. per 100. SIL^'ER VAKIEGATED, May Queen (Turner's), Princess Alex- andra, Flower of Spring, Little Trot, Prince Silverwings, Lady Plymouth. 12s. per 100. GOLD-LEA.F, Crystal Palace Gem. Happy Thought. 125. per 100. BRONZE, McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, best bedders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR, Mrs. Pollock, 155. per 100; Sophia Dumaresque, Lady CuUum. Sir R. Napier, 18s. per 100. DOUBLES, F.V.Raspail, finest scarlet; Madame Thibaut, pink; Madame Baltet, Le Cygne, white, 12s. p«r 100. TROP.EOLUM. Vesuvius, Coccinea elegans, 10s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in 12 good named varieties, 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, from single pota, 3s. per dozen, 20s, per 100. Note. — Not fewer than twenty-five of any one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms cash. Cemetery Nurseries, Gravesend. S.E. O ACRES HERBACEOUS and HARDY O PLANTS, true to name, not seedlings (which are generally inferior to the type). Send for a Catalogue of all you want for a garden, free for 3 stamps. It includes over 1000 varieties, selected during 15 years' careful study of this class of plant, and an annual buying in'of all that seems good, and a weeding out of the poor kinds, with height, time of blooming, and other useful particulars. 12 Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS £0 4 0 50 „ „ „ 0 U 0 100 „ „ „ 15 0 500 „ „ „ 5 5 0 WM. CLIBBAN AXD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 13. Market Street, Manchester. STRAWBERRIES.— Good Plants of all the ^»3 best of the new and old varieties. One of the largest Growers in the Trade. Stocks true. Prices reasonable. Send for Special Descriptive LIST free. JOHN WATKINS, Fruit Grower, Pomona Nurseries, Withington, Hereford. RANDEST VIOLET Known.— Dark Double Violet VICTORIA (three First-class Certificates), price reduced to 9s. per dozen, good plants, full of buds. Also my new VIOLA SNOWFLAKE (four Firet-class Certificates), at 12s. per dozen. Terms, Cash with order to Mr. J. CHAMBERS. Westlake Nurseries. Isleworth. W. Grand New Japanese Chrysantbemvim. '"ynOMAS STEPHENSON." -1- A beautiful bronzy-crimson sport from "Criterion," indispensable for exhibition. A grand, full show flower ; broad petals, slightly incurved at the tips, a lovely yellow ihade on the reverse of the petals. FIVE FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Orders booked from all the principal Chrysanthemum Growers. (See E. Molyneui's opinion. The Garden. 890. &c.) Booted plants ready end of March ; 75. 6rf. each, 3 for 15s. CATALOGUE of new and rare varieties, post-free. WM. CLIBRAN asp SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham. UCHSIAS, TUBEROUS BEGONIAS. — 10,000 FUCHSIAS, iust the cream of all the Fuchsia family in flower, habit, and freedom ; 12 lovely sorts, 35. 6d. ; io sorts. 6s. 6d. ; 50 sorts, 12s. 6rf. TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— We have so improved the quality of our seedlings that we discarded laat season all the named singles, the seedlings being much finer ; 12, all different shades, large flowers, dwarf habit. 4s. ; 12 finer, 6s. ; 12 lovely double varieties — all these are named sorts, 21s, New CATALOGUE of these and all other plants tor 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN JLSD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street. Manchester. O R C H I D SI Selection of the above, from Borneo, Manilla (Philipines), Bangkok, Java, Rangoon (Burmah), &o., to the extent of £5 and upwards, packed and shipped (at consignee's risk) on receipt of order with remittance. Address, THE ORCHID NURSERY, UPPER WILKIE ROAD, SINGAPORE, Special care given In packing. NEW VARIETIES ALWAYS ON HAND. #^ Price, 10s. M. each. TO BE DISTBIBUTED IN MAY, 1889. Send for full particulars to KEYNES, WILLIAMS & CO., SAIISBXTBY. TMMENSE STOCK of ORCHLDS.— Best value A in the Trade; must be cleared to make room for frenh importations. Great opportunity ; splendid order for potting. Rarest and loveliest of LILIES, Auratum Rubro-vittatiim. true, lovely white, intense band of carmine, no markings or spots or yellow ; truly dazzling. AURATUM VIRGINALE, pure ivory white, no markings or Bp3ta ; chaste and beautiful. These two Lilies will take the lead in any group and secure prizes. Usually sold at 21s, each— will take 6s. each, to clear, post-free. JAPANESE MAPLES, Silver Banksian Medal. „ TREE P.EONIES, 7 First-class Certificates. „ IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to W. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. UTBUSH'S MILL- TBACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (1«. extra per bushel for package), or 6d. per oake ; free by parcel post, Ii. None genuine tmless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directiona enclosed, with our si gnatureattached. WM. CUTBUSH AlTD SON. Nurserymen and Seed Merohanta, Highfcate Nurseries. N. To the Trade. SELECT LIST of Perennials, Biennials, and Choice Florist's Flower Seeds, just published ; and also AGRICULTURAL SEED CATALOGUE, which may be had free on application to WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENIAS.— We have some splendid large plants, from 3 to 4 feet high, good bushy stuff, well set vrith bloom buds, price 5s.. 10s. and 15s. each. The best sorts in cultivation. EUCHAiaS AMAZONICA, in 10 and 12-iDCh pots, full of fine flowering bulbs, with clean dark healthy foliage, lOs. and 12s. 6d. per pot. GLOIKE DE NANCY CARNATION.— Rooted Layers of this grand White Clove-scented Carnation, 30s. per 100; 6s. per dozen. COLLINS AND SONS, Cqmberiand Pajk Nursery, Willesden Junction, TTELIANTIIUS L .'E TI F L ORUS. -•"*- CeHi/icated in 18P8 4y R. II. S. as //arpalium rigidum semi-plenum, one of Ibo most useful and ornamental autumn- llowenng varieties of SUNFLOWERS. Now being a good time for planting, and having the largest stock of it in tlio trade, we offer at 9s. per do!m, iios. per hundred. Special prices to the Trade, per hundred or per thousand, on application. MUNRO AND FERGUSON. Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, Kc, South St. Andrew Street. Edinburgh. TI>ALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many ^„ . "'■'*'' K'™' quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. laNGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. SHIRLEY POPPY. 'M'EW and very lovely ; invaluable for Table X-^ Decoration. No garden should be without this charming flower. Sow at once. Is. per packet. THOS. BniCHER, Seed Merchant, CROYDON. ANEMONE CORONARIA-ST. BRICID. Grown from the True Newry Stock. No better Strain exlstlug. J or. Packets with Cultural Directions, for 2s. M. Postal Order. THOS. KITLEY, OLDFIELD NURSERY, BATH. KELWAY & SON Now is the time to plant : — GLADtOLT, of which we grow 20 acres, DAHLIAS. do. ao. 2 „ PYRETHEUMS, do. do. 3 DELPHINIUMS, do. do. 3 , GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 „ " The largest collection in the world," for which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies of London have been given. See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free. LANGPOBT, SOMERSET. TEA-SCENTED ROSES SPUING CATALOGUE NOW BEADY, Containing New French and other varieties, with Descriptive List of HAK.DY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, CLEMATIS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, DAHLIAS, BEDDING PLANTS, &c., Forwarded on application to JOHN CRANSTON & CO., KING'S ACRE NTJRSERIES, Near HEREFORD. "VITAL SPARK" ...1 FERTILISER. FOR FLOWERS, FRUITS, & VEGETABLES RICH IN SOLUBLE PHOSPHATES, AMMONIA, POTASH, NITRATES, AND PERUVIAN GUANO. SOLD in 3d , 6d., Is., and Is. 6d. CANISTERS. 28 11) , Bs. ; 66 lb., 78. 6d. ; 1 cwt., 143. Inventors and Proprietors ; — ADAMS, WEBSTER, & ADAMS CLAPTON, LONDON, E. Analysis and Testimonials on application. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER. Mr. Elwobtht, iVettlec-imbe Court, writes: — '*Ihavf^ tried two factors, but I find yours much the most de- structive." for full particulars apply to J BENTItEV CHEMICAL WORKS. BARROW-ON-HUMBEE, HULL. 486 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 20, 1889. PASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admiratiy adapted for all pot plants. In baga : 112 lb.. 19j. ; 56 lb., \\s. 3d. ; 28 lb.. 65. 9d. ; 141b., 4s. ; 71b.,25.3rf. In tins, Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited). 9. Bull Ring. Birmingham. SILVER SAND!! (Bedfordshire coarse and fine)— best in the market. 20,000 tons of splendid coarse Sand at from 6s. per ton for prompt Cash. Free on rail at Leighton Buzzard. 4 and 6 ton lots. Direct from the owner of the pits. Address only— JOSEPH ARNOLD, 32. Polygon, London, N.W. Established nearly .30 years. Telegrams. — " Alloquy, London." Trade supplied. BONE FERTILISER. FOE FLOWERS, LAWNS, EASILY USED. VINES AND VEGETABLES GIVES SPLENDID RESULTS. 1 lb. Tin, M. By Parcel Post. Is. 2 lb. Tin, Is. ed. Do. Is. lOd. ' 28 1b,, 5s. ; 661b., 10s., Free to Carriers. Order from Florist.'i, or direct from the Makers, RICHARDSON BROS. & CO. BELFAST. THE B UCKINCHAMSHI RE EEO ERADICATOR FOR GRAVEL P^OTHSr&ic • QuicKdf Efficient • - S/- PER Gallon. -Tins Free. .'40 GALLONS ■lO CASK FREE. CARRIAGE PAID PARTICULARS JWSMITH.APS - CHEMIST; STQNYSTRATFORD Twelve Awards of Merit. <,^4^^^" <^ W BEST and CHEAPEST OUANO for all hoiticultural purposes. The largest number of Awards (or any Plant Manure. Wholesale of W. COLCHESTER, Ipswich. BONES!-BOHES!!-BOKES!!! Crushed Bones in all sizes for Vine Borders, Lawns, Potting, Grass Lands, &c. Also BONE MEAL for Poultry Feeding, GARDEN GUANO. DISSOLVED BONES, Special MANURES and FERTIUZEES for all purposes. For Prices, apply to EAEEISON, BARBER 6 CO. (Limited), GARRETT L4NE. WANDSWORTH, SURREY, S.W. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to. the Royal Gcrdena. All Sacks free. Coroa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh, 1 sack, Is. 3rf. ; 10 sacks for 123. ; 15 for Vis. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton trunk free on rail, 30s. Best Ero^\n Fibrous Kent Peat, hs. per suck ; 6 for 22s. 6rf. ; 10 for 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. 6(^. per sack ; 5 for 20s. Coarse Bedfords' iiiaJid, Is. 'id. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s, per too. Potting Composts, ."is. per Slick. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bone^, Fertilisers, &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bueUel ; Hs, per sack. Charcoal, 2.f. Otf. per bushel ; Ss. per sack. Flower Stitke, painted and uupaiiited ; Labels, and Bamboos, Best Raffia, Is. per lb, ; 7 lb. for 5s. 6rf. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel ; 3s. per sack. Sp6cialjt6 Tobacco Paper, and Cloth, Is, per lb.; 28 lb. for Stjs. Musluroom Spa\vu, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, 10s. to ISs. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb.. 5s. 6rf.: 56 lb.. 10s. ; 1 cwt,. 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO., Hop EKchange. Southwark Street, London, S.E. (near London Bridge). THE NORMAL FERTILISER. For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. A highly-concentrated Fertiliaer.coneiptiDg chiefly of human excrement and blood, which has the following recommenda- tions : — It is moderate in price. It is safe to use. It is not a chemical manure. It is profitable to the user. It ia clean to handle. It hag high fertilising properties. It co^tail]^^ no needless matter. 7 lb. M lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. " 2s. 3.S-. U. 5s. ^d. 9s. 14*. And in flrf. and Is. packets. To be had ftf Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopegato Street Within, E.G., and Faroham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discountg. Price ;- To Market Gardeners, &c. To Grow Fine Vegetables and Flowers, Gardeners should Use OULPHATE OF AMMONIA. O — One trial will prove the great value of this manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary stable or farmyard manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instruc- tions on application, post free. Price, free on rail at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lbs. — Post Office Orders payable to the MANAGER. Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO.. Farnborough, Hante. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Su'itain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Sis Prize Medals awarded in 183^. J. JENSEN AND CO. . (Limited). 109. Fenchurch Street, London . AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. NO FEES for PEELIMINARY ADVICE and INFORMATION. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. THE TRUE POSITION OF PATENTEES. London: SIMEKIN and MARSHALL. By H. Moy Thomas. Is. 9 and 10, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, LONDON. W.C. New Edition, Corrected up to Date. PAXTON'S CALENDAR. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late Sib JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free 3Jd. ; Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. WORKS OF AUTHORITY .ON BOTANY. LINDLEY'S ELEMENTS OF BOTANY, With Bluatrations. 8vo, oloth, price 9s. LINDLEY'S MEDICAL AND CECONOMICAL BOTANY. With uumerous Illustra- tions. 8vo, oloth, price 5s. LINDLEY'S DESCRIPTIVE BOTANY. Price 1.!., sewed. For Self-Instrnction and the Use of Schools. SIR JOSEPH PAXTON'S BOTANICAL DICTIONARY. Comprising the Names, History and Culture of all Plants known in Britain, together with a full Eiplatiatiou of Technical Terms. Medium 8vo, cloth, price 25«. BOTANY FOB BEGINNERS. An Introduction to the Study of Plants. By Maxwell T. Mastubs, M.D., F.R.S., late Lecturer on Botany at St. George's Hospital. With upwards of 100 Illustrations. Price 3s. ^. London: BRADBURY, AQNBW, & CO., Bouverie Street, E.C. ArBiL 20, 1889.] TEE GAnDEXEnS' CIIL'OXICLE, m SANKEY & SON'S WORLD. «^ FAMED GARDEN POTS. Confine themselves " solely " to tlie manufacture ' of "GAR- DEN POTS." Through the study of half a century, they have ac- the bhibhj: proper materials to he mixed with the clay in order to produce a "Garden Pot" in which all plant life wlU flourish. This Is acknowledged by the trade ; and the result is that their " Garden Pots " are ' used by all successful growers from Aberdeen =5S5>vii5S! to Penzance, also in the Channel Isles, ^rSot^^i Ireland, New Zealand. &c. xheApest No Waiting. Millions in Stock. _";J^--prices a>:i _ Press Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. ^^iztS^ampies frj-E^H " .\ marvellous loiitnist to the orilinnry Gardeu Tot in strenpth, lij^htnesa, brilliant colour, and finish." — Glcn>ii/'x Atnund. " The testimonials underrate their excellency ; they are the lightest (yet strong, porous, and well burnt) pots we have ever seen. ' — Northern Gardener. t_" Scientific process of manufacture — tireing perfect. Market Pots capital ; favour close packing, utmost economy in apace under glass. — Gardeners' Matjazme. " Excellent Garden Pots. Show careful making and burning, with the employment of lirst-rate materials." — Gardeners Ckronicle, " We cannot but speak in the highest terms of them. The Pots have a lirni metallic ring, are elegant and light, &c." — Journal of Horticulture. " Well deserve their high character. Impregnated with a piitficient amount of ..aline mntler to prevent mossing or Incoming diTiy."— Gardening World. Trade Opinions of Sankey's Famous Garden Pots. Mes.srs. Fisher. Son, & Sibray, Sheffield, WTite : — " We have used your I'fits over twenty-hve years, and fonnd them everything that could be desired." Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon, write : — " Your Pots are lit:ht and strong ; first-class colour, shape, and finish. Used them for a quarter of a century." Messrs. I'EARSOS & Sox. Chilwell Nurseries. Notts, write ; — " Have always found them thoroughly satisfactory in every way ; we may especially congratulate you on the improvement you have made the last year or two." Mr. W. Bull. .^36. King's Road. Chelsea. London, writes:—" For nearly thirty years now I have been using your pots, and still find them the be^tand cheapest." HORTICULTURAL TIMBER. SASH BARS, LIGHTS, &C. All Goods delivered carriage paid. Send for Price List to TUCKER, TOTTENHAM. THE NEW INSECTICIDE, LITTLE'S J^NXI PEST NON-POISONOUS MIXES INSTANTLY 'WITH 'WATEB. This Creamy Liquid will at once prove itself tie Handiest and Cheapest Destroyer of Filth for Gardeners' Use. Price, Pint Bottles Is. 6d. each, AND IN QUART, HALF-GALLON, AND ONE GALLON TINS. MORRIS LITTLE & SON, DONCASTER. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. _1889. Please send me " Teb Gaedknkes' Chbonicle " for _ commencing ,/or which 1 enclose P.0,0._ Months, IS" Please Note that all Copies sent Direct firom this OfBce must be paid for In advance. ^ THE UNITED KD-'GDOM ;— 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months, Is. id. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; Post-tree. FOREIGN STTBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) ;— Including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6d Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent nnless specially asked for. P. 0.0. to be made pauahle at the Post Office, No. 42, DBUBY LANE," Loudon, to "W. RICHARDS. Cheques shonld be orossed " DRUMMOND." STANDEN'S MANURE AprU 20, 1889. Established Over 20 Years. _ Exceeds all others in general fertilising properties and staying powers. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It \s a clean and dry powder, -with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable for ladies interested in plant culture. The highly fertilising properties of this Manure render its money value, in comparison with other manures, at least double ; and users will find that very small quantities will produce favourable and lasting results. Sold in Tins, 1/-, 2/6d, 5/6, and 10/6 each ; and in Kegs (free) at Reduced Prices, 28 lbs., 12,6; 56 lbs., 23/- ; 112 11)3., 42/- each. < SOLE MANUFACTUEERS : CORRY.SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (LlJIITED), 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.G. KOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN AND NUBSBRi'MEN. PARAFFIN CREAM As an Insecticide. Mildew Destroyer and Cleanser. We invite a comparison of the above with other Emulsioiig or Mixtures of Paraffin, whether sold under fancy narae-s or otherwise, as repards perfection of preparation, mi:ioibility ■with water, stability after dilution, efficacy, ."yiffty and cheap- neas. It contains thre»=i- fourths of its volume o£ Paraffin, now acknowledged to be the best remedy for the destruction of all insecta infesting plant life. One Gallon makes 160 Gallons of Insecticide. Prices, delivered free to any address : — I Pint. Is. 6rf. ; 1 Quart. 2s. ; half Gallon. 3s. ; 1 Gallon. As. 6rf.. tins free; 4 Gallons for 7s. 6d.. tin to be returned. Larger quantities at reduced rates. Sole Proprietors — DEIGHTON & CO.. Operative Chemists, Bridgnorth. PEAT FOR ORCHIDS, CHOICE PLANTS. FERNS. HEATHS. AZALEAS, fc. EPPS & CO. are now prepared to offer PEAT. a3 above, of first-class qiialitv. at lowest prices. Prices on application. Depat for HORTICULTURAL SUNDRIES. LOAJI. SAND, LEAF-MOULD, SPHAGNUM, COCOA-FIBRE REFUSE, CHAECOAL, and ARTIFICIAL MANURES. PEAT MOSS LITTER. EPPS & CO., Kingwood, Hants. EESON'S M A N U R K.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Lpading Garderers' and Market Growers" Reports. Sold in Tins. Is.. -Js. lid., 5.t. yrf.. and 10s. 'hd. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13^. By all Scedsmeo, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bon© Mills. Sheffield. L 488 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 20, 1889, To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHAKPE will be pleased to give • special quotation for their fine selected stocks of home- grown mLnGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS of 1888 growth, and raised from picked bulbs. The growth la strong, and the prices will be found very reasonable. Samples may be had on application Seed Growing Establiehment, Wisbech. SPARAGUS.— This delioious Vegetable does not require half the expense often incurred. For rJirection eee Illustrated Seed List. free. Strong Roots, 2s. 6d. p.-r 100.— RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Worcester. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. Splendid stuff of all beat kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey. ORBES' CATALOGUE for 1889 is the largest, best, most reliable and complete ever issued on riorists' Flowers. It consists of 112 pages of closely-printed matt«r, with Prices and full descriptions oT all the newest and best Pansies. Violaa, Phloxes, Pentstemons. Antirrhinums. Hollyhocks. Delphiniums. Pyrethrum. Potentillas, Auriculas, Dahlias, Pelargoniums, Fuchsias. Petunias, Begonias, Perennials, Stoveand Greenhouse Plants, Ferns. &c.. all of which are made a leading speciality and can conseyuently be had better than anywhere else. The CATALOGUE itself is a most useful and convenient reference book on all sections of Florists' Flowers, and it should be in the hands of all, and carefully perused before ordering elsewhere. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Buccleuch Nurseries, Hawick, Scotland. NCLOSE Post-Office Order for 25., and by return you will get 1 packet of MELON, 1 packet of MARROW, and 1 packet of TOMATO SEED. Warranted best extant.— R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford. BEGONLAS.— Very choice, single, 4s. doz., 28s. per 100; extra fine, 5s. doz., 365. per 100; fine mixed, 35. doz., 2l5. per 100. CATALOGUES Free. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Teovil. ORNER'S SWEDE.— For Sale, about 300 bushels. The finest Swede in cultivation. Selected and grown by Advertiser for many years. Noted prize-winner whenever exhibited. Address SWEDE, 6. Victoria Street, Bristol. A few Large Healtby Palms. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, LATANIA BORBONICA, CHAM^ROPS EXCELS A and PHCENDC KECLINATA. 3 to 6 feet high, from 10s. per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge. Stamford Hill, London, N. CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. DANIELS' SPECIAL STRAINS The following have been grown specially for our retail trade, and are recommended as the very finest strains pro- curable for exhibition or decorative purposes: — THE BEST ASTERS. DANIELS' IMPROVED VICTORIA. Large, beautifully imbricated flowers of the most splendid form and colour : — s. d. An assortment of 16 distinct varieties 4 6 12 „ „ 3 6 Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6rf. and Is. THE BEST STOCKS. DANIELS' LARGE-FLOWERED TEN-WEEK. Magnificent strain of beautiful double flowers, very highly recommended : — An assortment of 24 superb varieties 18 „ 12 ,, ,, 6 ,, , Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6d. and Is. PANSY, DANIELS' PRIZE BLOTCHED, A grand strain of large and most beautifully blotched and coloured flowers. Very choice mixed seed ... per packet, Is. 6d. and PHLOX DRUMiMONDI GRANDIFLORA, A highly improved 8train of large, brilliantly- coloured flowers : — An assortment of 12 splendid varieties - Choicest mixed seed, per packet, Gd. and l5. ZINNIA ELEGANS, NEW GIANT DOUBLE. A grand, new strain of magnificiently-coloured larpe double flowers : — An assortment of 8 superb varieties Choicest mixed seeds, 6d. and Is. DANIELS BROS., SEED GKOWERS and NURSERYMEN, NORWICH. V Tlie Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. Gd. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. AN ACRE of PYRETHRU5IS, POTE- TILLAS. P.EONIAS, PHLOXES. PENTSTEMONS. PANSIES, VIOLAS, propagated from cuttings or divisions from the finest^named sorts gathered from all raisers, not inferior seedlings. See CATALOGUE of these and all you want for a garden, out or inside, free for 3 stamps. Undernamed, all in 12 sorts : 12 Pyrethrums. 4s. ; 12 Potentillas. 5s. ; 12 Phloxes, 3s. %d. ; 12 Pentstemons, 3s. 6rf. ; 12 Pansies, either Show or Fancy, .3s.; 12 Violas. 2s. 6d.; 12 Pseonies. 95. ; 13 Hollyhocks, seed- lings, from five named sorts, is. ; Delphiniums, seedlings, from fine named sorta. 4s. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. Hartland'B New " Golden Quilled " Double Sunflower. "COLEIL D'OR."— Strong Plants, Is. ed. KJ each ; Extra Clumps, 2s. Qd. ; post-free for cash. The ilumps can be divided for quantity. When one of the leading English hardy plant collectors writes in praise of this intro- duction, words from me become superfluous. It is one of the finest things introduced to English gardens for years. For cutting purposes and harvest festival decorations superb. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND. Seedsman, 24, Patrick Street. Cork. Tnide Price special, GRAPE VINES.— Strong planting Canes of Black Hamburgh, Black Alicante, Mu-scat of Alexandria, and Gros Colmar, &c,. at lowest trade price on application. CHAMBERY. Hampton. Middlesex. TOMATO PLANTS for SALE. — Single plants in large 603 '2s. 6d. per dozen, 15s. per 100, Two in a pot Is. 6rf. per dozen) plants, 9s. per 100. about 6 inches high. The trade supplied, packages at cost price. QUERTIER, Fordingbridge, Hants. OA AAA CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, Jmd\J^\J\J\J PINKS.— All true from layers ; grand double well-marked flowers (not seedlings), splendidly rooted, named, for exhibition or borders. All the good varieties of the most noted raisers. 12 fiae sorts, CARNATIONS, 6s.; 12 PICOTEES. 6s.; 12 PINKS, .3s. 6d. ; 6 of each, 8s. 3d. Fine Border Carnations. 4 dozen. See new CATALOGUE of these and all wanted for a garden, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham. 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST of all the leadiof; kinds to H. DAMMANN, Jun., Breslau, Germany. I SOLOMON AND SON, Florists, Winohmore • Hill. N.; 22, 23, and 372. Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. CAULIFLOWER PLANTS, 2s. per 100— Dwarf Erfurt, Early London, Lenormand. Walcheren. CALCEO- LARIA PLANTS, Golden Gem, 6s. per 100. Apeil 20, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 489 CUT SPECIMEN FI.OWEKS l-AN Now BE HAD, CORnECTlV NA5IKI1. 12 Fine Xameil Sort'^, 1 Flower eacli, 3 0 12 ,, 25 ,. 25 „ 50 „ 50 ,. 3 Flowers eadi, 9 6 1 Flower each, 6 - 3 Flowers each, 15 - 1 Flower each, 11 - 3 Flowers eMh, 30/- Sent carefully packed, free by post, with Descriptive Catalogue. SEEDS, BULBS, PLANTS, &lm COVENTCARDEN J VEITCH'S CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. The Finest in Cultivation. AMARYLLIS, VEITCH'S HYBRID. Sawil from the mifinificent roHei-tioii grown at our Chelsea Xursery. Per pacliet, 2S. 6ll. CALCEOLARIA, International Prize. Un-urpas ed for size, shape, and substance of Howers. Per pacljet, 23. 6(1. CARNATION, FINEST DOUBLE. Sdved from our unequalled colleL'tion of all tli- tiiitst varieties; likely to proiiiue many new beautil'ul sorts. Per packet, 23. 6d CINERARIA, VEITCH'S SITPERB. Flowers of large size, circular form, f^'eat --ubstaiice, and most brilliant <.oloiirs. Per packet, 23. 6cl. GLOXINIA, VEITCH'S SUPERB. Saved from the raa^nifKent coUeotion grown at our Chelsea Nursery. Per packet, 2s. 6d. PRIMULAS, VEITCH'S. Red, White, and Msed, These are the finest in L'ultiv^ition, ami were awarded a First-class Certiticate by the Koyal Horticultural Society for superior quality. EaCh, per. packet, 23. €d. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA. S.W. -^;i:iiinii!i;iii!intiii;i:iiiii:iii!ni:iit:n>Miniinniniii^ iEVERGREENS.f I HARDILY-GROWN. STOCK UNEQUALLED. | I Special Prices, with Catalogue, post Free.% I DiCKSONSi^i^ESTER.| NEW ROSES for 1889. B.S.WILLIAMS Hiiperh anil C/ioirr Strai/is of ASTERS, Mixed, 6d. to 1b, In Collections, Is. 6d, to 4s. BEGONIAS, Per Paclset, Is, 6d, and 2s. 6d. CALCEOLARIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s, 6d. CINERARIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 28, 6d. CYCLAMEN, Per Packet, Is. 6d, and 2a, 6d. GLOXINIAS, Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s, 6d. PRIMULAS, Per Packet, Is, 6d, and 2s. 6d. STOCKS, Mixed, 6d. to Is. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. ZINNIAS, Mixed, 6d, to Is, 6d. In Collections, Is. 6d. and 2s, Illustrated SEED CATALOGUE for ISSd, Gratis mid Post-free on application. B. S. WILLIAMS, VICTORIA and PARADISE NURSERIES, UPPER HOLLOWAY. LONDON, N. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market in tlie World for FORCED FRUITS, ™/ERS (Choice) and NOVELTIES of all kinds, from all climes. WM. PAUL & SON beg to announce that their LIST of the above is now ready, and will be sent post-free on application. Specially worthy of note are AIARCHIONESS OF LORNE. H.P. (Wm. Paul & Son).— Plants ready in May, 105. 6rf. each. SAPPHO, T. (Wm. Paul &Son).—TwoFir5t-clas3 Certificates. Plants ready in May, 10.s. 6d. each. WHITE LADY, H.T. (Wm. Paul & Son). Plants ready in May, Zs. 6d. each. WHITE PERLE, T. (sport from Perle des Jardins). Plants ready in May, 53. and 7s. 6d. each. THE QUEEN, T. (white sport from Souvenir d'un Ami). Plants ready in May, bs. and 7s Gd. each. The collection also includes other new Roses (English and Foreign) for 18S9. and all the best new Roses of 1&88. WM. PAUL AND SON have also a fine stock of the leading older varieties of Roses in pots, for planting out for garden decoration and cutting, 10s. M. to los. per dozen, £4 to £b per 100. Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS, T/ie Best Medium from U'hom to otjtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS, SALES. — A.ccounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS — Weekly, or when desired. GROWING CROPS.— Advances made on. MARKET REPORTS. — Weekly, ou application. EMPTIES. — Arrange early for supply. COMMUNICATIONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Address, "Thomases, London," Telephone, No. 2822. Reference! : Ask Anyone, As a Supplement TO TIIIC Gardeners' Chronicle I OK Next Week, April 27, WILL UE Published an Ink Photograph OF Vli:WS IN THE GARDEN AT HECKFIELD, HANTS. THE SATURDAY, APRIL -lO, 1889. THE PAMPAS PLUME INDUSTRY. ^I'^HE Pampas Grass (Gynerium argenteum) is -*- a native of the Pampas plains of South America, and was introduced into the United States about 1848. It is not sufficiently hardy to stand the rigour of Northern winters, but is in the cold prirts of this country [United States] frequently planted on the lawn in summer, and upon the approach of cold weather is transplanted into a tub, and carried into the cellar. In California it is perfectly hardy, and a hill will sometimes attain a height of 20 feet, a diameter as great, and a weight of 2000 pounds. These would be quite inconvenient for our Northern friends to handle in the cellar. The plants are easily pro- duced from seed, but as the sex and variety are very uncertain, they are usually multiplied by dividiug the female plants, the plumes of which are much more beautiful than those of the male. For many yeai's the Pampas Grass was grown only for ornament, but in 1874 the difference in sex was discovered, and since that time the industry has gradually increased. In 1872 I planted seed ; in two years several hundred of the plants produced plumes. Many of these were sold when small plants to persons purchasing them purely for ornamental purposes, but the variations in shades and fineness were very marked. In 1874 the discovery was made that by pulling the immature plumes from the sheaths, and ex- posing them to the hot sun, the male plumes would hang heavily, like Oats, while the female would fluff up and become light and airy. We saved a quantity of the female plumes, some of which were sold in Santa Barbara, while others were sent to San Francisco in November, 1874. Samples were also sent to Peter Hen- derson & Co., of New York, Three hundred were ordered at once, and the following day instruc- tions were received to double the order and send 490 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. (Apbil ■2(>. 188U by express. This was the first lot of good plumes ever sent East from California, and was the beginning of the present Pampas industry. Jly plantation has been extended to 5000 hills, and there are a number of other quite extensive plantings in the neighbourhood of Santa Barbara. The plumes shipped from Santa Barbara have the reputation of being, and are undoubtedly, the finest sent to marliet. The crop this year is estimated at 1,000,000 plumes. The demand for the last two years has lieen good, but the prices have never been so high as they were at the beginning of the industry— 200 dols. per 1000 plumes. The d-srease in price was gradual until 18S3, when sales were slow at 30 dols. per 1000. Some of the growers did not harvest their crops that year, and destroyed their plants. In the fall of 1S87 plumes were in demand at 40 dols. per 1000, and in 1883 they were scarce at 50 dols. and 60 dols. per 1000, so this winter there will be a large increase in acreage. Pampas Grass plants should be put on the best valley land, at a distance of 10 by 16 feet apart. Some are planted closer, 8 by 10, and 10 by 10 feet ; but if they am to be allowed to become old plants, it is better to give plenty of room. Before planting, the land should be ploughed deep and put into first- class order. In selecting stock, divide only female plants that produce the finest white plumes. Young hills produce the best plants. From old hills the best plants are obtained around the outsiiie, those in the centre of the stool being mostly worthless unless planted in large clumps. They will p:oduce some plumes the first year, not first size, but worth saving. The second year they ought to produce from 80 to 150 plumes to the hill, if well grown, though not all plantations will do this well. The third year the crop will be about the same. Front that time on- ward the plumes decrease in number, but ai'e larger and finer. At this stage the plants can be improved by trinimiog or burning away the dead portions. When the plumes commeuce to make their appear- ance it is a signal for great activity among those who have large fields, and everything is put into ehape, so that there will be no hindrances. The grass should be so trimmed early in Sep- tember, before the plumes appear, that each hill may be easy of access. Young plants produce two to three weeks earlier than old ones, and some varieties are earlier than others. It requires exercise of judgment to pick the plumes at the proper time. They are generally ready when they they are ex- posed from the husk a few inches, and have a fluffy look. It is well to try a few at this stage, and if they cure well at the stem end when dry, they are all right, but if they do not fluff up at the stem end they have been picked too young. If the plume looks dark and seedy at the top when cured, it was . too old when picked. Some v.arieties, especially those producing very long plumes, should be allowed to remain somewhat longer on the plant than the plumes of the short producing varieties. By trying a few of each vaiiety that may be in your planting, the time of ripening can soon be ascertained. As the plumes are cut in the field they are taken to the husking-bench to have the husk or sheath removed. This is done in several ways; some pull them out, but if this is not cleverly done much injury results. The best way is to seta knife sufficiently high to iplit the husk, but not injure the plume; when the husk has been split, a quick jerk or strike on the table will extract the plume. From here the plumes are carried to the diying- ground, and evenly spread in long rows. This ground should be made smooth and free from any Irash liable to adhere to the drying crop. It takes three days and two nights for the plumes to cure, end they should be shaken and turned once each day while curing. They are next packed away as broad and smooth as possible, on wide shelves, in airy buildings. Xhey should lie there from ten days to two weeks, or until the stems are thoroughly dried, at which time they are ready for market. In preparing for shipment, one, two, or three grades should be made, according to the market to which they go. If shipped by express, they should be packed in bales of say 2000 plumes. A covering of canvas or burlap, and some light strips of wood at the corners, will complete the package. If ship- ping is done by freight, it does not make much difference as to the size of the boxes used, provided they are not less than 4 feet long. A good-sized box is one 4 feet long, 2 feet 2 inches wide, and 3 feet 2 inches deep. A box of this size will hold about 3000 first-class plumes. If packed smooth and straight there is no danger from tight packing, and very heavy weights can be used. They can be easily restored to their original beauty by exposure to beat and a gentle shaking. The largest demand for the last few years has been from England and Germany. The Pampas plume is used exclusively for decor- ative purposes, and when used on a large scale makes a grand display. Many are used in the making of dried grass bouquets, &c. Pretty dried grass holiday caids, in which the Pampas is the chief ingredient, are made in Germany, and sent to California to be sold as souvenirs. Joseph Se.vton, Santa Barbara, in " California Florist and Gardener," plant exhibited is still, .as it were, in its infancy and moreover the blossoms had expanded under adverse circumstances of weather, &c., they fell short of what might be reasonably expected in a progeny derived from two such fine species as Den- drobium Wardianura and U. aureum. As indicated bv the name applied to this new acquisition, D. Wardianum is the pollen parent, and its influence decidedly preponderates in the flower, while the influence of the seed parent is seen chiefly in the vegetative organs. The following is a description of the plant. Stems stoutish, at present about a foot high, erect and attenuated below as in D. aureum. Flowers with the general outline of D. Wardianum ; sepals and petals spreading, similar and sub-equal, oblong acute, v^hite with a light amethyst-purple blotch at the apex ; lip nearer D. aureum than D. Wardianum, ovate-oblong, acute with recurved tip, convolute over the colunm at the base, rich golden-yellow with a large pubescent, maroon-purple disc, the apical area white with a purple spot at the tip. Column white with a purple spot above. New or Noteworthy Plants. DENDROBIUM CHLOROSTELEx XANTHO- CENTRUM, n. h/h. The parents of Dendrobium chlorostele ought to be very thankful to Sir Trevor Lawrence. They have produced a very distinct second mule. The plant has nearly the stem of Dendrobium Linawia- num from a careful sketch well prepared by Jlr. Bickerstaffe. The inferior stalk is very slender and abrupt. The upper part of the stem has very few ioints, m doubt owing to its juvenile condition. The flower is not at all comparable to that of Dendrobium Linawianum. It is near that of Dendrobium Wardianum as to colour, but broader, shorter, aud smaller, reminding one of Dendrobium crassinode. Sepals ligulate, acute, white at the base. The rose colour has here and there some darker purple stripes. Petals white, along the base rose, mid-vein rose coloured with some pallid arched purple veins on each side. Lip elliptical, wavy, acute. Stalk and lip acute. Disc orange, with dark Indian-purple radiating lines around the -basilar cushion. Disc orange, surrounded by cream-white. Column white, with some purple lines under the fovea, apex of anther purple. This lovely plant of high biological interest first saw the light at Burford Lodge, whence Dendrobium chlorostele itself was first issued. The flower was kindly presented to me by Sir Trevor Lawrence. H. G. Rchb.f. Odontoglossum CRiSPtiM, Stevens' var. A fine raceme of this very beautiful variety, kindly sent for preservation by Baron Schroder, of The Dell, Egham, Surrey, through Messrs. Veitch & Sons, well illustrates the improvement wrought by skilful cultivation in many Orchids. The raceme bears twenty flowers, which measure 4 inches from tip to tip of the petals, and 4.J inches from tip of dorsal sepal to the tip of either of the lateral ones. Such massive and well developed flowers reflect great credit on the skill of the gardener in whose charge the plant is. There is said to be a certain amount of variation in the number of spots from year to year. n, A. Rolfe. DENononicM WaediaxoX aureum, n. hi/h. At the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on April 0, Messrs. .lames Veitch & Sons exhibited a new hybrid, Dendrobium, which promises to be an attractive member of Ihe group of artificially raised hybrids yet obtained in this genus. As the MARKET GARDEN NOTES. SiNOULARLT stationary has almost everything been out in the market gardens since the end of January. During that month we had distinctly growing weather, which, had it continued for another month, would have pushed all kinds of things into growth to a dangerous extent. Happily the lower temperature of February intervened in time and in the middle of March almost everything hardy was still resting. On fruit trees, the Plum and Pear buds are whitening, but still very slowly, Apple buds are stouter now, and generally very plentiful, indeed the Apple promise is exceptionally good, and that pro- mise is all the greater in relation to all hardy fruits that none are precociously advanced. It is very doubtful whether we shall see much bloom on Plum or Pear before the end of April. Generally all hardy fruit trees look remarkably well. They are clean and healthy, and seem to have bene- fited by the thorough watering the roots have had during the past twelvemonth, without making ex- cessive growth on the whole, and in spite of the pre- ceding cold wet sumTner fruit trees rarely start the year in better form than they do now. It is worthy of note that market growers have pruned during the past winter rather harder than usual. Probably the very open nature of the winter weather has tended to that good result, possibly the lessons enforced at the various fruit conferences during the past year in re- ference to the thinning and renovating of orchard trees have not been in vain. Then there is the instructive fact forced on growers' notice, that fine clean fruit sells better in the market than smaller uneven fruit does, aud well thinning the trees, giving them ample light and air, and the fruit plenty of room, will without doubt conduce to that end. The open weather has also enabled tlie soil about the trees to be cleaned, manured, and forked over; so th.at fruit orchards are just now in an unusually tidy condition. Bush fruits are full of promise, and none the less so that they are by no means forward in bud. Gooseberries, especially Crown Bob, one of the earliest, show the leaf-buds in a semi-green state, but not at all unduly advanced. The bushes made very good growth last summer, and in addition to giving plenty of fruiting wood, have also given an unusally large stock of cuttings. The Lancashire Lads, of which so many are grown, are still comparatively at rest. Red Currants are quite under bare poles, so hard as a rule are they pruned, but Blacks are wond- rously full of stout buds, which seem as though they would burst into rich leafage the moment a really spring day comes. We ought, all being well, to have a heavy black Currant crop ; not, however, unhappily, always an inestimable boon to the grower. Raspberry canes came up strong last summer, aud have well ripened. Strawberry crowns aie sturdy, and realy for a good start in bloom at the first April 20. tSS^.j THE GAl^DENBRS' CBI^ONICLE. An chance. Uq the whole the prospects of n general fruit bloom seem to be excellent, and beyond the mention of the bloom just now, it is not safe to go. Turning to the ground crops, it is found that all the Cabbage, Kale, or Sprouts tribe, are being fast cleared otl", and the ground is being cropped with Beauty of Hebron I'otatos chiefly, but some Early Rose are going in. So far, the Beauty la the popular favourite, and in good seasons it both crops well, and comes out iu excellent ((uality in our stilf Middlesex soil. The first sowings of early Peas are now through the ground, and two other successions have been got in. Some of our local growers sow from 100 to K>0 acres annually with market Peas. It is the great area of ground to be planted that compels the early planting of Potatos. Very few Broad Beans are sown, as these are not greatly in request, especially when Peas become plentiful. Seeds of all kinds of winter Greens, with Cabbages, Coleworts, 5;c., fur summer and autumn cuttings, Iiave been got in, the soil having been in an exceptionally favourable con- dition for that work. Wallflower seed is very often sown in February, but this year it has generally been sown later, when plants are got out so very early to produce early winterbloom ; there is great risk that they will surter considerably from frost, and, unless kept hard cut, the flower-stems are killed, and the decay, permeates and destroys nearly all the plants ; thus now some very early planted breadths are brown with killed plants, whilst later planted breadths are fresh and unimpaired. Violets have been giving but very few flowers for the past six weeks, but will bloom i)rofusely very soon. These form a very important part of the market garden in- dustry, but the price obtained in the market now too often proves to be the reverse of profitable to the grower. A. D. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. {Contintted /rum ii. ser., vol, xx., p. 831.) [SosLE few years since Mr.W. B. Hemsley compiled for us a list of garden L*rchiils, with references and synonyms, based on the monograph of all the genera as established by the late Mr. Bentham in the Genera Plantant.ii. The vast number of the species, the exigencies of our space, and the other calls on Mr. Herasley's time necessitated the publication of the list .It irregular intervals. Nevertheless, the list was complete up to date, and included SO of the 33i genera, comprising such large and important groups as Masdevallia, Dendrobium, and Epidendrum. Mr. Rolfe has now favoured us with a continuation of the list, taken up at the point where it was left by Mr. Hemsley. The same reasons which led to irregular publication heretofore are in existence now, in even increased force, and forbid the hope of carrying out the scheme, as a whole, in any reasonable time. Nevertheless, it may be possible to treat at least of some of the more important genera; and at any rate. Orchid-growers will be glad to have an authoritative list of the species of Cattleya, and of which we now print the first instalment, in the hojie of speedily bringing it to a conclusion. In the meantime, growers will be doing good service by communicat- ing specimens of any Orchid to Mr. Rolfe, Herbarium, Kew, by whom the plants will be preserved for future reference in the Herbarium. Ed.] 81. Bbocghtonia, E. Br., in Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, T., p. 217. — Pseudobulbs ovate, with one or two apical leaves. Kacemes simple or sparingly branched. Side lobes of labellum embracing the footless column, but not adnata thereto. Spur adnate to ovary, long and slender, slightly swollen towards base. PoUinia four, as in Cattleya. A small genus, of two known species, peculiar to the West Indies. Lcsliapsis, Lindl., in Paxt., Fl. GarcL., vol. iii., p. 156, a genus founded on Cattleya domingensk Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 118, must be referred here. It has only four poUinia, as Lindley states, though I cannot agree with him as to the absence of the spur. On examining living specimens, I find this organ almost precisely as in B. eangiiinea, Lindley's other three species of Lreliopsis, however, must be excluded, as will be seen hereafter. Bentham and Hooker ascribe eight poUinia to the genus, a character evi- dently borrowed from L. Liiithnii, Lindl., for which see C-\TTLE\orsis Lindemi. B. aurea, Lindl. =r Epidendhum auhantia- CUM. B. chinensis, Lindl. - EriDE\nuu5i non-chi- NENSE. B. coccinea. Hook. — B. sanouinea. (1.) B. DOMiNGENsis ; Catttcya dontingensis, Lindl., Gen. and Sp. Orch., p. 118; Lreliopiis domingriisis, Lindl., in ra.rt. Fl. Gard., iii., p. lofj, 1. 105 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alh , 1. 1 'J'.l ; Btelia domingcnsh, Uchb. f, in Walji. Ann. Bot., vi., p. 432; Broufjhtonia lilacina, llenfr., in Gard. Mag. of Bot.'. iii., p. 201, with plate ; Leraaire, Jard. Flair., t. 172; B. I'iolacea, Hort., ex Henfr. in (tard. Mag. of Bot., iii., p. 201. — San Domingo. ^Vccording to llenfrey it was found by a friend of Mr. H. Cuming, and first flowered witli S. Kucker, Esi|., at Wandsworth, in 1831. The plant figured in Paxton's Floti'cr Gardm, some two years later, may have come from the same source. From an examination of living specimens I am able to confirm the statements of Lindley, and of Henfrey, that the pollinia are four only ; a point on which later authors are not agreed. (2.) B. sAxauiNEA, K. Br., in Ait., Mort. Kew., ed. 2, v., p, 217; EpideudruM sau- guincuM, Sw., Prodr., p. 121 ; Floir dcs Serres, t. 2315; Lodd., ifui'. Cab., t. 793; Bot. Mag., t. 3076 ; B. coa-inea. Hook., Bot. Mag , ' t. 3536; Hook., Cent. Orch. PI., t. 3G. — Jamaica and Cuba. Introduced in 1793, by Wiilter Ewer, Esq., to Kew, where it flowered. The Cuban locality is added on the authority of Grisebach. B. violacea, Hort. = B. dumingensis. 81a, Epicattleya X. — Under this name may be dis- tinguished the following interesting bigeueiic hybrid :— E.' X guatemalensis ; Cattleya guaiemalcnBh, T. Jloore, Fl. Mag., ISUl, t. 61.'— A remark- able plant, sent to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, from Guatemala by Mr. G. Ure Skinner, who found it growing with Cattleya Skinneri and Epidendrum anratiacum on the stem of the same tree, and hence supposed it to be a natural hybrid between the two. C. guatc- mak'n&is var. Wlschhuscana, Rchb. f , in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, iv., p. 378, originated with the gentleman whose name it bears, and is said to differ from the original in wanting the yellow disc on the lip. The plant is so precisely intermediate in character that there can be little doubt of its origin. 82. Cattleya, Lindl., Collect. Bot.. t. 33.— Pseudo- bulbs more or less elongated, rarely ovate, with one or two, rarely three, apical leaves. Racemes simple, short, occasionally reduced to a single flower. Side-lobes of labellum generally embracing the column, but not adnate thereto, rarely flat or quite absent. Pollinia four. A genus of about twenty species (excluding hybrids), ranging from South Mexico to Peru and Southern Brazil ; but not at all continuous over tliis area, and generally occurring at a considerable elevation above sea-level. They are chiefly concentrated in three belts: — I, the maritime provinces of Southern Brazil ; 2, the Andes, from Peru to Venezuela: and, 3, from Costa Rica to South Mexico. Mount Roraima, in British Guiana, and a few stations in Central Brazil, seem to complete the known localities. Mfrlenia, Dumort, in Mem. Acad. Ii. Se. Brnx., ix., t. 10. is, according to Professor Eeichenbach, a genus founded on an abnormal state of Catt- leya Forbesii. For hybrids between Cattleya and other genera see Epicattleya X , Brassocattteya X , L,t:liocattleya X , and Sophhqcattleya X . (1.) C. Acklandi.t:, Lindl., Bot. Beg., xxvi., t. 48 ; Bot. Mag., t. 5039 ; Paxt., Mag. of Bot., ix., p. 1, with plate, p. 2, with woodcut ; Flore des Serres. t. 674; Batem , 2nd Cent. Orch. PI., t.ll9; 7«.H?r!'..t. 565; Warn. and Will, OrcA. Alb., t. 60 ; Orchidopliile, 1885, p. 366, with fig. ; Veitch, Man. Orch. PI., pt. 2, p. 29, with fig. ; Gard. Chron , n. s., xxiii., p. 644, fig. 100 (fruit) ; Epidendrum Aeklandim, Rchb. f., in Walp., Artn. Bot., vi., p. 312. — Brazil ; province of Bahia. Introduced by Lady Ackland in 1839. One of the smallest species of the genus. The side lobes of tlie lip do not enfold the column, as in tlie majority of the species. _ Var. Schillcriana, Jenn. = C. Scnn.LEniANA. C. Acklandi-Loddigesii = C. hyueiuax. V. aniabilis, Hort. = C. intermedia. C. amethystina, .Morr. = C. intkhmedia. C. amethystoglossa, Lind. and lichb. f. = C. (iDiTATA var. I'mNzii. C. amethystoglossa var. sulphurea, Uchb. f. = C. I'OUl'nYuo-LossA var. suli'Iiuhea. C. Arenibergii, Sclieidvv. = C. Loddoksii. C. nnrantiaca, P. N. Don, - Ei'idendiivm ai;- ItAN'TIACU.M. (;. aurea. Linden, = C. Dowiana var. ai'Hea. C. autumnalis, Hort. — C. Bowkinuiana. C. Uallantiniana x, Uchb. f. = C. lauiata var. Ballantiniana. C. Bassettii, Hort. = C. LAniArA var. Ludde- MAN.XIANA. (2.) C. uicoi.01!, Lindl., But. Beg., sub t. 1910; Id., Scrl. Orch., t. .'i, fig. 1 ; Bot. Mag., t.4909; Warn, and Will., Orch. All,., t. 3iH; Fpidcndruin bicolur, Kclib. f., in Walp., Ann, But., vi , p. 311.— Brazil. Introduced by Messrs, Loddiges, of Hackney, in 1838, from the neighbourhood of Banaal, in the ]irovince of Minas Geracs. The entire absence of (he side lobes of the lip is peculiar to this species. \'ar. Whigleyana, Rchb. t., in Gard. Chron., n. s., xxiii., p. 206.- Sei)als and petals grey-green, lip dark purple. C. Bluntii, Hort. = C. LAniATA var. Mexdelii. C. bogotensis. Linden = C. ladiata var. Thian-d. (3.) C. BowHixoiANA, Veitch ; O'Brien in Gard. Chron., n.s., xxiv., p. 683 ; Veitch, Man. Orch. PL, pt. 2, p. 31, 32, with figs, ; '^^'arn. and Will., Orch. Alb., t. 323. C. autumnalh, Hort., O'Brien in Gard. Chrcn., U.S., xxiv., p. 683.— British Honduias. Intro- duced by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, in 1884. Very closely allied to C. Skinneri, lint differing tlierefrom in its longer and more slender pseudobulljs, longer and narrower leaves, smaller flowers that appear at the opposite season of the ytar, and its somewhat diti'erently shaped lip. (4.) C. Bkabanii.hx, Veitch, Floral Mag., 1867, t. 360. — A hybrid, raised by Mr. IJumii']\, for Messrs. Veitch, between C. Loddigesii $ and C. Acklandiio^, aud named iu honour of the Duchess of Brabant, now Queen of th« Belgians. (5.) C. Bbymeeiana x , Rchb., f., in Gard. Chron., n.s., xx., p. 492; Warn, and Will, Orch. Alb., t. 184.— Brazil. A supposed natural hybrid, between Cattleya superba and C. labiata Eldorado, introduced by Messrs. H. Low & Co., and dedicated toMr. W, F. IJrymer, of Islington House, near Dorchester. C. Brysiana, Lem. = L^elia purpoeata. C. bulbosa, Lindl. = C. Walkeriana. (6.) C. CALUMMATAX, Audii, in Revue Hort., 1883, p. 564, with plate ; Garfcnflora, 1887, p. 88, fig. 31 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., t. 166 ; Gard. Chron., n.s., xx., p. 7.'-6 (calumniata by error) ; Id., xxvi., p. 524, fig. 104.— A hybrid, raised by M. Bleu, of Parir, from C. intermedia $ and C. Acklandia?i up and Sloriiii/ lite .Bu"^-. —Towards the end of October the roots should be taken up, choos- ing a line day for the work, when the ground and plants are di-y. In order to preserve their freshness, the roots should be packed in damp material, which will not tend to absorb tlie moisture from them. In taking up the roots avoid wounding them in any way, and then let them be taken to a dry situation, such as a border under a soutli or west wall or wooden fence. An opening from 12 to 15 inches deep, and the same width, should then be taken out at the end of the border, and the digging of the ground be proceeded with. When the trench is filled and the ground has been levelled in the ordinary way, the soil should be cut straight down the whole width of the border, and two or three rows of Beetroot placed perpendicularly in the opening thus formed, and the digging be again proceeded with until the roots are all covered, bury- ing the crowns about 1 inch under the surface of the soil. The operation is thus continued somewhat after the mode of transplanting young forest trees from the seed beds in nurseries. The leaves, which should not be removed from the crown, will afford an efficient protection from several degrees of frost ; but in the event of severe weather, dry litter or fern thrown over them will be necessary. Before the roots show signs of growth in the spring they should be taken up, the leaves with a portion of the crown should be cut clean away, and the roots laid in again. Thus treated they will keep fresh and of good colour. Any roots saved for seed, and which must not be trimmed, may be planted at the foot of a south wall or fence about the middle of April, and be watered to settle the soil about them, the flower-spikes being secured to the wall in due time. When the seed is ripe the stalks must be cut ofl' and suspended in a dry shed for a month or two, to be rubbed out and cleaned subsequently. Seed should be saved from one variety onlv at one time. H. W, W. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CYPRIPEDIUiM ROTHSCHILllIANUM. AccoBDixo to the statement in the last number of the Reichenhachia, this species grows on rocks in a hot and moist district, and should therefore be grown in a moist and shaded part of the East Indian- house. Kefersteinia uuaminea. Although now included by Benthara under Zvgnpet;iluni. this plant is SO distinct in habit and ttiwer from the true ZygopetaUims that it is more convenient to retain the name Kdchenbach has given it, and under which it is figured in the Gardeners' Chronich for May 1(5. ISR.") Like Pesca- torea, Bollea, and one or two other genera now re- duced to Zygopetalum, it difl'ers in the absence of pseudo-bulbs and in its one-flowered scapes. It is a very remarkable Orchid, as the figure above quoted shows. This drawing was made irom a plant shown by Sir Trevor Lawrence at the Orchid Conference, and judging by a plant now flowering at Kew, appears to have been a singularly deep-coloured form. Nor- mally the sepals and petals are of a dull greenish- yellow thickly spotted with reddish-brown, the broad lip being almost covered with black spots and irre- gularly toothed at the edges ; there is a black two- lobed crest at the base. The flower is l.V inches in diameter, and is borne on a slender peduncle three or four inches long. The species was discovered by the famous collector Ilartweg in Popayan, on the western slope of the Andes, and was introduced to this country in \^'u . IK Jl. Vanda San'deriana succeeds well, says Mr. Sander in the last number of the Reichcnhachia, with other Vandas, in a tempera- ture ranging from 60° to 81)°, but it is scarcely jtossible to submit this plant to too much heat during its season of active growth--April and October^ when it also reqnii-es much moisture. In winter the temperature may be reduced to I5')° to 70°, and the amount of moisture reduced. It flowers in Sep- tember. D.-:n-drohu'M crassin'ode ai.uu'i.obum. Rchh. /'. A stout plant of this chaste variety has been in flower for a long time in Jlessrs. J. I^aing & Sons' Nurseiies at Foi'est Hill, where many other good and sliowy Onhids are to be found in line health. The flowers of D. crassinode albiflorum are equal to the largest of tlie coloured variety, but the sepals, petals, and lij) are pure white, a bright yellow blotch on the base of the lip being tlie only colour in the flower. It appears to be a good grower, which is not always the case with rare varieties. O.S'CIDICSr IIACRXNTHLTM. Failure in the culture of this Oncidium is gene- I'ally attributable to its being grown in too high a temperature. It is a mouutiin Orchid, and must have a cool and moist treatment. It should be grown with such Orchids as Odontoglossum crispura and Masdevallias, with a temperature ranging from .'iO° to 60° Fahr. It delights in a spot overshadowed by a wall and near a water-tank. At all seasons it must have plenty of water, and in hot weather fre- quent overhead syringings. It does not need a dis- tinct period of rest, but in winter should be kept drier than at other seasons. It blooms in .May and June, and the best time for repotting is after the flowers are past. The compost should consist of fibrous peat with a good sprinkling of river sand, charcoal and potsherds. Bcicheiiliaclda, t. 64. DeNDROUIUM NOBILE ScHRODERTANgj!. This— now in flower at The Dell, Egham— is not only one of the finest of the varieties of D. nobile, butalso one of the most attractive of Orchids, and will probably find more admirers than the richly-coloured D. n. nobilius. Schroder's variety has tall pseudo- bulbs, profusely furnished with large wax-like flowers, the sepals and petals pearly-white, and the base of the labellum rich maroon, which makes a pleasing contrast. The flowers are also on unusually long stalks, and should the cut-flower trade ever get a supply, it will doubtless be much sought after. Desdbobium AUREU-M is an easily managed plant, and may be successfully cultivated even in gardens where no special Orchid-house exists. It requires a warm and moist atmosphere, such as that of an ordinary stove- house or East Indian Orchid-house, during the greater part of the year. Active growth commences in January, about the time that the flowers are on the wane. It nui.st then have an abundance of heat, moisture, and light . . . temperature may range from 70° to 80° Fahr., and will of course increase as the season advances. The young shoots will con- tinue to grow and swell until the end of summer . . . when the plant should be removed to a cool and airy house, such as an early vinery. They should be hung in a very light place, aad only suflicient water given to prevent the bulbs shrivelling . . . About No- vember the plants should be returned to the stove or East Indian house and a moist treatment pursued until at flowering time, which usually begins about the end of December, and continues through Januar}' ; the plants will have the fullest amount of heat possible. ReichenhcLchia, t. 63. ON'Cir)IU.M CONCOLOR. With its drooping sprays of pure yellow flowers, this is an attractive spring flowering plant when properly grown in baskets in the cool house, instead of being allowed to dwindle out its existence in heat, as too often is the case with it and its allies. A splendid variety is now in bloom in Mc Arthur's Nursery, Maida Vale, W. The plant was imported with O. Marshallianum, and the lolies of the label- lum, which is large and flat and measures l.V inches across, are peculiar, although it appears to be a true O. concolor . Plants and Their Culture. Seasonabi.k HiN'Ts OK Stove Plants. — The plants now growing freely should be encouraged by L-losing early, and paving careful attention to the ventilation, and a high day temperature may be safely maintained if there be a sufficiency of atmospheric moisture in the house. Most of the plants may now be syringed overhead twice a day, and the floors, &c., damped down frequently. The day temperature may be allowed to reach 85*^ or 90°, and that for the night 05^ to 70° iu mild weather. If, unfortunately, mealy-bug is present, it will in- crease fast with the higher temperature now maintained, and no opportunity should be lost of destroying it, as well as scale and thrips. All pUmts bought in at this season should be given a corner in a small house or pit for a time, and cleaned thoroughly before placing them with the general stock. The early potted Allamandas, Clerodendrons, and BougainviUeas will soon have filled their pots with roots, and as soon as the flower-buds appear the plants may receive occasionally liquid manure. Any shoots unduly taking the lead should have the points cut off, and to avoid drawing keep the plants close to the glass. Palms, Tree Ferns, tfv. — These and other large plants which do not often get repotted will now take copious supplies of water at the root, and the Palras will be benefited by the application of some good fertiliser once a week. Amaryllis as they go out of bloom may have a slight shift if it be necessary, employing good yellow loam, a portion of decayed manure, and a small quantity of leaf-mould and cnarse river or silver-sand. After shifting, put the bulbs in a warm house near the light, so as to encourage the growth of leaves. The Gardenias should now be at their best, and to lengthen the supply of flowers, it is a good plan to place a few plants in a cooler house. Cuttings should now or soon be taken, selecting only perfectly healthy shoots. Ixoras making free growth should be supplied with plenty of moisture, taking care to stop the shoots as required, and to give shade in bright weather. The plants for late flowering may be started into growth. Vincas should be stopped frequently to make bushy plants, as also shrubby Clerodendrons. The summer flowering varieties of Gesneras may now be started, putting them on a shelf in a warm house. These plants will produce a long succession of flowers if well treated and aflbrded plenty of weak liquid manure when the pots become filled with roots. In repotting, large pots should not be chosen, as it is better to feed the plants with manure. Gloxinias should now get as much light as possible, and as the flowers appear some kind of fertiliser may be made use of to give substance to them. The Caladiums started in small pots recently may now be repotted, before the roots liecome pot- bound. Coleus cuttings may again be taken, and the old and dirty plants discarded. Creeping and climb- ing ])lants should be regulated often, so that the fihoots may not get entangled, and it is well to keep a plant or two of Stephanotis in a cooler house, 80 as to form a succession to those in the atove. The Fervkrv. — Any plants that were shifted into fresh soil should now be progressing, and the air of the house should be kept moist, ventilation being afforded in favourable weather. Syringing the plants overhead April -20, 18S9.J THE GABDENEB8' CHBONICLE. 495 should not be done, or the young fronds will decay ; bat the walh and stages should be maintained in a moist state, and the plants liberally supplied with water at the roots when it is required. Shading will be needed in sunny weather ; movable blinds are preferable to anything that is Hxed, even for Ferns under glass. It the old fronds are infested with scale insects, their early removal should be seen to before the insects spread to the young ones. A few of the more advanced plants of Adiantum. cuueatura may be removed to a cooler house as soon as their growth is finished, so as to haragated by cuttings in spring or autumn, put into sandy soil under a hand-light. lioscmari/ likes a dry and poor soil and a sheltered situation ; the plant if grown on rich soil looses much of its aromatic perfume. It does wellae a wall ]ilant in some districts, and in others it must be grown in pots during the winter. It may bo |)ropa- gated by cuttings, layers, and seed, the latter mtthcd securing the best plants. Sorrel is in much request as a culinary dish and as a salad. The broad-leaved kind is the best. A sandy free soil suits it best, although it will flourish in any soil or situation. It is propagated by division, the plants being set out in Hues at 18 inches apart. Tlie flower-stems must be kept cut ofl' in order to secure a constant supply of succulent leaves. S/iirrt'f. — Sow in April. 12 inches apart, thinning to the same distance in the row. The roots will be fit to use in autumn like Parsnips. It requires a deeply trenched soil of moderate richness. liampion. — This requires a moist light soil, and to keep up a supply during the season it requires to be frequently sown.asthe earlier sowingssoon run to seed Sow the seeds in drills on a border with an eastern exposure, at a distance of G inclies apart, and thin out the plants to 3 inches. In dry weather it must be copiously watered. The root available as a dish cooked like Asparagus; eaten like Radishes; or sliced in salads, tiie leaves being also used. Angelica. — The stems of the plant are used in May for candying. The seed should be sown as soon as ripe — which is about September — in a muist ."Situa- tion iu drills, about 2 feet to 2 feetO inches apart, drop- ping t!ie seeds at the same distance apart in the drills. In June of the following year the plants will show flower, but they must not^ be allowed to seed or they are liable to perish; but the stems should be removed, when they will sprout afresh ; a close attention to this matter will ensure a continuance of the plants for some years. Anise. — This is a half-hardy annual, and is used for garnishing and for seasoning. It is necessary to sow seeds in pots on a hotbed, and when there is no danger from frost should be planted out on a warm border, at a distance of tJ inches apart. It will not transplant. Fennel is largely used as a fish sauce, and strewn over young Potatos when cooked. It is increased by division of the root, by oflsets. and by seeds. The seed should be sown as soon as ripe, and the otl'seta niav be planted in the spring or the autumn. Seed should be sown in drills one fu»>t apart, and the plants thinned out to th^same distance. The plant should be frequently cutdown during the season, as the pro- duction of seed greatly weakens it. If. M. Bai/lie, Luton Hoc, 496 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 20, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupyi/iy less space than an entire column. SUBSCBIBEBS TO rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE who ejperience any difficulty in obtaining their Copies regularly, are particularly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint). W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. _^ NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-ojice Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRURY LANE. Now ready, In clotli, 11a. 6d. J 'HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV., Third Series. .TULY to DEC. 1838. W. RICHARDS. 41. WelliUKtoii Street. Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. i Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, TUESDAY, April L'3- Harul. aud Scieutitic Commit- ( tec3 meet. SHOWS. {National Aurieiila Society (South- ern Section), in conjunction witli the Royal Horticultural Society. WEDNESDAY, April 34— Ancient Society of York Florists. THURSDAY, APRIL 2.5-Eoyal Horticultural of Ireland. SALES. ( Roses. Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulhs, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 24 J Lilium auratum, &c., at Stevens' { Rooms. J Established and Imported Orchids, at Stevens' Rooms. Greenhouse and Bedding Plants, , Roses, &c., at the Auction Rooms, (Graccchurch Street, City, by Pro- , theroe & Morris. FEIDAY, ossum crispum and at the Central Clieapside, by Morris. CORRECTED A'VERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FRO.M THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 49"4.. This matter is of such paramount Kailway Bates, interest to a large class of our readers — we may indeed say to all, whether engaged in commerce or not— that we gladly avail ourselves of the opportunity of laying before our readers an elaborate statement prepared by Mr. F. C. Goodchii.d, the Secretary of the Nursery and Seed Trade Association. A tev words only of explanation are needed to con- vince our readers of the great importance of the matter, and of the necessity that exists for taking concerted means to protect their own interests. In consequence of the confused .state into which the railway rates had got (mainly owing to the great number of preferential rates now in force) the Railway and Canal Traffic Act, 1888, was passed. Under that Act each railway com- pany is required to publish a revised classification of merchandise traffic, and a revised schedule, showing the maximum rates and charges applic- able thereto. The Act came into operation on January 1, 1889, and the publication of the revised schedules was directed by the Act to be made within six months. Objections were to be lodged within eight weeks from the date of the first advertisement of the submission to the Board of Trade of the revised schedules. The Companies appear to have taken concerted action in the matter, and to have issued their schedules at a very early date after the Act came into operation. The trading com- munity was consequently taken by surprise, but ultimately the time for lodging objections has been extended to .lune 1, being one month less than the limit of time fixed by the Act for the publication of the schedules. It will be seen from the table given as a supplement that the classification of articles by the Companies is the same in each case, but the distances differ in the case of different railways. The proposed rates of the lines supplying the same district are nearly the same, the result, no doubt, of the combined action of the Companies. The object of the publication of the table is to enable the reader to see at a glance the proposed rates on the various lines used by them, and its utility will be considerably enhanced if the trade will give information to the Associa- tion as to the present rates now paid by them, in order that some data may be obtained for formu- lating objections. This is necessary in conse- quence of the inability to obtain from the Companies a full list of their existing rates. This difhculty arises mainly from the huge mass of figures consequent on the many preferential rates at present existing. The table is useful also as showing the classification of the various articles used in the horticultural trade. Many of these are curiously grouped, and require re- arrangement. The questions of "terminal charges" and ''service charges " are very important, and will have to be carefully considered, especially as regards the service charges. It is doubtful whether the Act contemplated these payments as distinct from the station terminal charges, which are only men- tioned as such in the Act. In the definition clause the term " terminal charges " includes charges in respect of stations, sidings, wharves, depots, warehouses, cranes, and other similar matters, and of any services rendered in connec- tion with them. It will no doubt be contended by the Trade that service terminal charges are, or ought to be, included in station terminal charges. It is desirable that the objections to be lodged should be as much in detail as possible, and not framed in general terms only, as it is belie\-ed they will then receive more consideration by the Board of Trade. It was the complicated state in which the schedules were published that suggested the pre- paration of the table, in order that member.s of the trade may at a glance see how the propcsed rates affect their districts. The subjoined letter, to which we willingly give publicity, shows the steps which the Nursery and Seed Trade Association propose to take in the matter, and we can only urge on those con- cerned the imperative duty of strengthening the hands of the Association in the manner indicated. " SiK, — At the annual meeting of my Association it was decided to take up the question of railway rates, as alTecting the horticultural trade. I have therefore prepared a statement (see supplementary sheet), showing the classification of all articles used in the trade (and which have been scheduled by the London trunk lines) together with the proposed rates. May I ask your readers to communicate with me as soon as possible any suggestions they have to make respecting the classification, or re-classification of the various articles, and the rates proposed to be charged. If they will also favour me with the pre- sent rates per ton per mile paid by them, I shall be in a position to prepare a comparative statement showing whether the proposed rates are e-xcesaive, and if so to what extent. The time for lodging ob- jections at the Board of Trade has been e.xtended till the 1st June next. A meeting of the committee appointed to consider the question has been calltd for the liOth inst., and I wish to be in a position to lay before that committee all the information I can obtain, with a view to the preparation of objeclions which I think should deal with details, instead of being general in their terms. " A public meeting of the trade will be called in May, due notice of which will be given, and at which the objections prepared by the committee will be submitted for adoption or otherwise. — Yours truly, "F. C. GOOBCKIUU, "Secretary, The Nursery and Seed Trade Associa- tion, Limited, 2.5, Old Jewry, London, E.r. " To the Editor of the Gardeners' Cbroiiide." Castello di Poqgio-Gherardo.— The fig. 87, p. 407, represents the residence of Mr. II. .L Ross, a gentleman who is well known to our readers as an enthusijistic cultivator of Orchids, and whose collection contains many that are both rare and beautiful, one of the latest additions being Peristeria Kossiana, figured in our pages on January 5 last. He has recently purchased the Castello, and has trans- ferred thither his Orchids from Castagnolo, Lastra u Signa. The collection contains nearly 1000 species, and is the finest ever got together in Italy, not except- ing the celebrated one at San Donate, near Florence which belonged to Prince DemidofT, and which was dispersed in 1878. Poggio-Gherardo lies about two miles to the east of Florence, and stands on a pro- jecting spur of the lower ranges of the Fiesole hills. From the Via Settignanese a winding avenue ascends through Olive groves and vineyards to the dense shrubberies which screen the castle on three sides, leaving the fourth open to the south, where the hillside sinks abruptly from the high terrace-wall of the garden. Till 1341 the castle was the property of the Magaldi, who then sold it to the Baroncelli for 3100 golden florins, In 1.354 it belonged to the Baldesi family, from whom it fell to the Zati, who sold it to Gherardo-Gherardi, in whose family it has been till this day. But the chief interest of Poggio-Gherardo is the tradition that it is the spot to which the joyous company, lieaded by Boccaccio, went on that Wednesday morning when they fled from the plague- stricken city of Florence. They stayed till Sunday at the " beautiful villa surrounded by green lawns and splendid gardens," and then proceeded to the villa "de 'tre visi," now Palmieri, which belongs to the Dowager Countess of Crawford and Balcarhes. Boccaccio is said to have written several of his in- comparable tales at Poggio-Gherardo. Mrs. Ross, who is also an ardent admirer of Orchids, has made water-colour drawings of the most interesting plants which have flowered at Castagnolo. She is known in the literary world as the authoress of Three Gene- rations nf Enrjlish Women, aud other woiks, Paris Exhibition — Horticulture. — The Journal de la Sociiie Rationale d'Horticnlture dc France publishes a schedule of the forthcoming horticultural shows, to be held during the continuance of the exhibition at Paris. Each of the eleven sections will include ornamental plants and flowers, cut flowers, bouquets and decorations, kitchen-garden plants, fruits from the South, new fruits, stove plants, aud fresh fruit. The 1st and 2ud sections include fruit trees, and fresh and preserved fruits ; the Ist, 2nd, .'ird, and 4th, forced fruit and Grai)es ; the 2nd, new plants; the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 7th, and 10th, seeds and seedlings of forest plants ; the 8th, nth, 10th, and 11th, early cider fruits; the 10th, designs for forests and parks. The dates on which the exhibitions are to take place are as follows :~ For specimens of the 1st section. May G to 11 ; 2nd, May 24 to 29; 3rd, June 7 to 12 ; 4th, June 21 to 27; 5th, July 12 to 17; 6th, August 2 to 7 ; 7th, August 16 to 21 ; 8th, September 6 to 11 ; 9th, Sep- tember 20 to 25; 10th, October 4 to 9; and Uth, October 18 to 23. We read also that in every case the exhibits of amateurs and of those in trade will be arranged separately. Amateurs and horticulturists desirous of obtaining further information are requested to apply to the General Director of the Exhibition ■ ^■^„,,k,.oi c' dDRii 20.1889. Supplement ro th e'Caroencrs Chronicle',' Aoi 389 I Table Showing THE Class IF I CATIONS OF Articles used intheHorticulturalTrade, with Proposed Railway Rates. F. C. (ivvd/TliJd. Seavlary. Mirserf & Seed TmOc Assoc ^Z f April 20. 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 497 (at Pai'is) at least six weeks before they wish to exhibit. Exhibitors will be informed of their adiuission at least three weeks before the exhibition. All wishinf; to compete should mention tlieir n:\nie and address, the number, species or varieties of the products they mean to exhibit, and the space wliich they will require. Applicants should also mention the section or sections in which they intend to com- pete, and the spacethey will require on each occasion. For fuller particulars, and for :i programme of the proceedings, inquirers should apply to the OlHce of ({roup IX., Horticultural Department, Trocadero, Paris. The Royal Society.— We learn that Mr. W. B. Hfmslev, of the Kew herbarium, and bv whom of shade in retarding, and of lire in destroying growth. The excellent illustrations convey some notion of the extent to which the " lumbermen " are killing the goose that hays the golden egg ; but it is satisfactory to rtud of the measures which are being taken to stay this havoc, and duly regulate the felling of timber trees. Cineraria cruenta : A Hint.~A very pretty group of this plant is now to be seen at one end of No. 4 House, at Kew. This is known to be the origin of the garden Cinerarias ; and we may suggest to the Kew authorities that for educational purposes it would be well to place alongside the group one or more garden Cinerarias, with a label indicating the historical fact just alluded to. We gave an illu-^tra- J^ I^" f r- PT r. I Flo. 87. — A JJEliM.VAL CASTELLATED HESIDENCE NEAR TLOIiENCE. (SEE P. 4'JG. ) these columns have often been enriched by valuable articles on the botanv of garden-plants, has been selected as one of the fifteen to be proposed for election at the next meeting of the Society. As this limited selection is made annually from representa- tives of all branches of science, Mr. Hemsley may well be congratulated on the prospect of a di&tinguislied honour well won by years of conscientious labour. Michigan Forestry Commission.— A very interesting report has been issued by the State Forestry Commission, of which Dr. W. J. Beal and Mr. C. W. Garfield, of the Agricultural College, Lansinz, Michigan, are Directors. The contents are very varied, but among the most interesting are remarks upon the destruction of forests, the intluence tion of the plant at p. 657 of our issue for ilay 20, 1888. As Kew is, or should be, before all things an educational establishment, such information as we suggest should be given in all suitable cases. Botanical information is provided for in the mu- seums, why should not horticultural instruction also be given where possible in a manner that he who gazes may read and learn i Chambre Syndicale of Ghent,— At a meeting held on the 8th inst., the following awards were made : — First-class Certificates. — To Anthurium Scherzer- ianum Marquise Henri de A\'avrin and Odontoglos- 8um Harryanum nigrum superbum, from Mr. Jules de Cock ; to Clivia miniata Kubens, from Mr. Moent- jens ; to ( Idontoglossuni Albertianuni, O. Wilcke- anuin vur., and (.). ti-iuniplians var., unanimously, from Mr. .1. Ilye-Leysen ; to Odontoglossum vexil- lariura var. and to 0. Masereelianum, from Messrs. Vervaet k Co. ; to Acipliilla squarrosa, from Mr. Spae-Vandermeulen ; and to Vricsia fulgida, from Messrs. F. Desbois & Co. Mr. GolDRING.— This gentleman was selected to superintend the formation of new gardens l>y the Gaekwar of Baroda in Western Ilindostan, north of Bombay, has returned from his first visit, in im- proved health. Mr. Goldkini: speaks in glowing terms of the magnitude and importance of his work, and proposes to return to India in the autumn. Daffodils.— Mr. Hartland, of Cork, sends us fine specimens of llorsfieldii, James Walker, Michael Foster, Emperor, Empress, Vase of Beaten Gold, and others, which sliow what good culture and a mild climate will do. The bulbs and foliage leave nothing to be desired. If all Mr. Hartland's bijlbs be of similar quality it is evident that he does not know the meaning of " rot,"' Course of Horticulture,— Professor Cornd's lectures this session at the Jardin dcs Plantcs are devoted to the modification of plants by cultivation, the variations obtained by selection, cross-breeding, and hybridisation, &c. Entomology in British Columbia,— Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, Vancouver Island, has been appointed honorary entomologist of the colony. Hybrid MilTONIA.— M. a. Bled lately showed before the Central Horticultural Society of France, a hybrid between Miltonia vexillaria and M. Roezlii. Strawberries, — Dr. Stdrtevant contributes to the Transactions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Societi/ a most elaborate paper on the history of the Strawberry. Dr. Sturtevant's papers evince so much learning and research that it is to be hoped he will issue them in book form. Dr. Stdrtevant does not confine himself to the records of the past, he makes some sensible remarks as to the observa- tions to be made in the present. Forcing Flower-buds.— M. Cobno showed, at the meeting of the Central Horticultural Society of France, on February 28, some flowers of various spring-flowering shrubs fully developed. The method of procedure adopted by M. Henri, the Curator of the Jardin des Plantes, was to remove some branches of flowering shrubs set with flower-buds, insert the cut ends of the branches in moist sand, and place them in a greenhouse where the temperature was kept at from 60°— 70° F. Entomology in Canada. — Mr. James Fletcher has been appointed Entomologist and Botanist to the Dominion E.xperimental Farms. Mr. Fletcher purposes exhibiting in the Museum a series showing the insects injurious to the several crops, illustrating their modes of life, and indicating, as far as may be, means of prevention or palliation. In the Botanic (jarden, native and other plants of economic value will be grown and comparisons made. Professor Saunders has been appointed Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion, The propriety of these appointments will be heartily acknowledged in this country, Spurgeon on Rose Growing.— We have heard so much about .Sappho and the Rose that it comes as a delightful contrast to hear that Mr. Spl'rgeon is a Rose grower, and that this is the way in which he overcomes tiie difficulty arising from the intrusion of the roots of adjoining trees into his Rose beds. Mr. IIarkness is our authority, and in his re- cently published book on p'actical Rose growing he cites Mr. Spuegeon as follows : — " This is what I do : ■i feet from the hedge, where several trees are growing, I make a trench 4 or 6 feet deep, severing every root 498 THE GABDENEBS' CEBO^JCLE. [April L'n, 1889. with which I comp in i?onfaot; llii« tlone I Jill in the trench with the worst compost I can find, so as to discourage trespassing, and repeat the o]>eration nncp in four or five years." Considering that cnt Hoses can be bought of a quality better than can be raised in a town garden, we should be inclined to prefer the tree, but that is a raatter of ta-te. Next we are not sure that Mr. Spi'im:ron's plan of root- ]iruning is altogether judicious. It might be better in place of putting the worst compost he can find in tlie trench to put the best there, and so give the tree-roots no temptation to wander into the Hose beds. American Pomological Society. -The bi- ennial meeting of this famous Society was held recently at Ocala. Florida, and we are indebted to the courte.^y of the President lor a report of the ])roceedings. The business was commenced with an address from jNIr. P. .J. Bkrck^mans. the President, in which he alluded to the work and progress of the Society, the establishment of experiment stations, the ntilisation of surplus fruits and other matters, I'ight meetings were subsequently held, (ireat attention was naturally given to Orange culture, which has become so important in Florida during the last few years. Semi-tropical fiuits came in for a share of attention. Exhibition of Hyacinths and Tulips.— On the 21st inst. an exhibition, similar to those held from 1880 to 1884 by Messrs. E. H. Kbklaof. & Sox, will be opened at their Nurseries in Haar- lem, and remain open till the middle of May. In Maya show of Pearly Single Tulips is announced, which is, we believe, the first exhibition of this class of Tulip. Forests of Central Africa.— . . . From about 3° N. to about 4° S., and between the Upper Congo on the west and the lakes on the east, we have, says Nature, in commenting upon Mr. Stanley's recent wonderful journey, virtually a great blank. It is the northern part of this blank which Mr. St.\nlet has enabled us to fill in. . . . One thing is clear, the expedition passed through the northern section of what is probably the greatest forest region in Africa, extending from about '.P N. to i° S., and from about 2.'!° to .30° F,. . . . The route, he tells us, was covered with creepers varying from ^ inch to l.'> inches in thickness, swinging across the path in bowlines or loops, sometimes matted and twisted together ; also with a low, dense brush occupying the sites of old clearings which had to be carved through before a passage was possible. Where the clearings had been abandoned for some years was found a young forest, the spaces between the trees choked with climbing plants and vegetable creepers. This had to be tunnelled through before an inch of progress could be made. Mr. Stanley's description of the character and extent of this forest in his letter to Mr. BnoCE is quite worth quoting: — " Take a thick Scottish copse, dripping with rain ; imagine this copse to be a mere undei-growth, nourished under the impenetrable shade of ancient trees, ranging from 100 to 180 feet high ; Briers and Thorns abundant; lazy creeks meandering through the depths of the jungle, and sometimes a deep affluent of a great river. Imagine this forest and jungle in all stages of decay and growth— old trees falling, leaning perilously over, fallen prostrate ; ants and insects of all kinds, sizes, and colours mur- muring around, monkeys and chimpanzees above, queei- noises of birds ani animals, crashes in the jungle as troops of elephants rush away ; dwarfs with poisoned arrows securely hidden behind some bull ress or in some dark recess ; strong brown-bodied aboriyiues with terribly sharp spears, standing poised, still as dead stumps ; rain pattering down on you every other day in the year; an impure atmosphere, with its dread consequences, fever and dysentery ; gloom throughout the day, and darkness almost pal- pable throughout the night ; and then if you will imagine such a forest extending the entire distance from Plymouth to Peterhead, you will have a fair idea of some of the inconveniences endured by us from .Tune 28 to December ,5, 188", and from .Tune 1 , 1888, to the present date, to continue again from the present date till about December 10, 1888, when I hope then to say a last farewell to the Congo forest I . . . The mornings generally were stern and sombre, the sky covered with lowering and heavy clouds ; at other times thick mist buried everything, clearing off about 0 A.M., sometimes not till Ham. Nothing stirs then : insect life is still asleep, the forest is still as death, the dark river, darkened Ijy lofty walls of thick foiestand vegetation, is silent as a grave; our heart-throbs seem almost cL-imorous, and our inmost thoughts loud. If no rain follows this dark- ness, the sun appears from behind the cloudy masses, the mist disappears, life wakens up before its bril- liancy. Butterflies skurry through the air, asclitary ibis croaks an alarm, a diver flies across the stream, the forest is full of a strange murmur, .ind some- where up-river booms the alarum drum. The quick- sighted natives liave seen us, voices vociferate chal- lenges, there is a fia^h of spears, and hostile passions are aroused ! . . , Another fact of great interest Mr. Stant.kv refers to -the existence of a snowy mountain which may rival Kilimanjaro (10,000 feet), in the neighbourhood of .Mount Gambaragara, or Ciordon Bennett, between Albert Nyanza and JIuta Nzige. This may be Mount Gordon Bennett itself, but Mr. Stanley does not think so, and he is supported by the few data which he furnishes. . . . The abrupt- ness with which the forest comes to an end and the rich grass lands begin, about eighty miles from Albert Nyanza, is another point deserving special attention, and can only be explained when we have accurate observations of the rainfall and other con- ditions that go to form climate. [We most earnestly hope that good collections of plants have been made by the expedition, for there must be much that is novel and interesting in the forests so graphically described by Mr. Stanley.] Lathraea CLANDESTINA.— This lovely and very interesting plant finds no place in the DicHon- ari/ of Garcleniiifi : nevertheless it exists in cultiva- tion at Kew, and those who are fortunate enough to see it there will, we suspect, be eager to secure so charming a plant for their own collections. As it is not very uncommon in some parts of Western France, Italy, and Spain, this ought not to be a matter of great difiiculty. The pitch at Kew is at present small, but evidently thriving. It has been placed on the roots of a Willow, where it grows in the same way that our British L. squamaria grows on Hazel roots. In the British species the flowers are borne on long, erect, one-sided racemes, hut in the plant in question the racemes are short and scarcely project above the surface. The individual flowers, however, are much larger and deeper colored than in the British plant, each being about 1.4 inches long, rich lilac in colour, and two-lipped, the upper lip helmet shaped. The whole flower emerges from an ivory coloured basin formed by the bract. Patchouly Leaves and Massoy Bark Oil. — (_»ur contemporary, the Cfinnisf antl J)niyqht states that the first consignment of Patchouly leaves grown in the ^Vest Indies arrived in the London market last week from Dominica. The consign- ment consisted of about fifty pounds. It is also stated in the same journal that several hundred kilos of Massoy Bark Oil have already been brought into consumption, and the New Guinea Company has been requested to procure large supplies of the Bark, as there is no doubt that the Oil will come into successful use for many purposes, JIassoy Bark has been described as the produce of Massoia aromatica of Beccari, but our contemporary says, on this point, that Mr. Holjies, of the Pharmaceutical Society, does not believe the Massoy Bark now in commerce to be the genuine Massoy Bark. Publications Received. — Compirte Prem Diredimj fnr 188!). Third edition. (London: Shelley & Co., b, Leadenhall Street. F..C.)— 77ic Tomalo, i/s Ciilliire anil Uses', By W. Iooulden. (London: Jivirnal „f Hnrlkiiltm-r bftice, 171, Fleet Street.) — i 'J'mi/isr on Manures. By A. B. Grifi-itils, Ph. D., &c. (London : Whittakr'r & Co.), FLOWERS AT THE FUNERAL OF H.H.H. THE LATE DUCHESS OF CAMBRIDGE. This simple yet imposing funeral, which took pljice on the quiet little Green at Kew on the 1.3th inst., was remarkable for the extraordinary number, variety, and beauty of the floral wreaths, crosses, and garlands, sent as marks of respect and sorrow for the loss of one who evidently held a place in the afTections of the whole country, from the Queen to " A poor soldier's daughter." Many of these floral tributes were from unknown sources, — from people whose only wish evidently was to show respect for the dejtarted lady whose kindness and warmth of heart had become so widely known. In the village of Kew "The Duchess" was genuinely loved, for she had watched over its poor, its children, its church and schools, fur many years, rit^r love of flowers was abundantly shown by the great interest she had always taken in the famous gardens by the side of which her country house— " Cambridge Cottage" stands. And so it appeared peculiarly appropriate that her last resting- place should be in the little church on the Green at Kew, within a stone's throw of the Giirdens she had chosen to live near in her early days. As many of these flower tokens were such as one rarely sees, it may be of interest to some readers of the Gardciie}S^ Chronicle if a few of the most striking arrangements are described. Mr, Thiselton Dyer, Director of Kew, had been rei^uested, in view of the exceptional requirements of the occasion, to make the necessary arrangements for the reception of the wreaths and crosses which had been received at St, James' Palace up to the 12th inst. This was done by draping the inner hall of Cambridge Cottage with black cloth, and fixing hooks for the wreaths, Iiraceful-le.aved palms, such as Cocos flexuo!a, C, plumosa, Caryota, Phccnix rupicola, Rhapis humilis, &c,, were arranged at intervals in groups round this impro- vised chapel, whilst from the corners, and stretching along the ceiling, were several of the plume-like leaves of Maximiliana regia. The marble pillars were decorated with Phccnix leaves, large fronds of which also formed a kind of arch over the entrance from the vestibule. After all the flowers had been hung, the eff'ect of these graceful dark green leaves was singularly beautiful. Three large van-loads of wreaths, &c,, arrived at Kew on Friday evening, some of them in enormous cases, nearly all being of large size. Altogether they numbered IfiS, this number being made up of 122 wreaths, thirty-four crosses, and twelve garlands. I'nderthe superintendence of Lady Geraldine Somer- set and Mr. Dyer the whole of these were arranged in such a way as showed them ofl'to the best advan- tage. Tliey presented a really wonderful display of all that is choice and beautiful among those flowers best adapted for such an occasion. The largest and richest wreath was from the ')uchess's tradesmen. It was 5 feet in dia- meter, the frame itself being \\ feet across. The flowers were mostly in bundles, six or eight Hoses, about twenty pips of Ste- jihanotis, and so on. The flowers were arranged closely together— massed, one might say— and the efi'ect was indescribably rich. The flowers it con- tained were as follows :—Stephanotis, white Hoses, Euchnris, Odontoglossums, Lilium candidum and longiflorum, Gardenia, Freesia, Tuberose, Poet's Narcissus, Camellia, Hyacinth, Azalea, Rhododen- dron, Pelargonium (zonal), Lily of the Valley, and I>ilac. \'ery little foliage was used,— a few sprays of Adiantum and Hose leaves simply. A similar wreath, hut a little smaller, came from the hou.sehold of the Duke of Cambridge, and another like the last from the Duchess of Bedford. An anchor, .3 feet long, from the Baroness Burdett- Coutts, was one of the most beautiful and artistic in arrangement. The groundwork was of purple 'Violets, and from this sprung several irregular rows of beau- Apbii. 20, 1889.] THE GARDENEBS' GHBONICLE. 499 tiful Hose-buds, mostly Mari^chal Niel niul ft pale flesh-coloured kind, with a i^vf Niphetos blooms. A few sprays of Lily of the Valley weie scattered amongst the Hoses, and brownish Ivy leaves were visible here and there in the groundwork. In the opinion of many this arrangement was the most elective and artistic of all. A lyre, .1 feet in diameter, and composed of white Azalea, edged with Lily of the Valley, the base made up of Hoses, Gardenia, Lily of the Valley. Kucharis, Arum, &c., was very eHVctive. It came from ISignor Tosti, who was a favourite singer with the Duchess. From Lord and Lady Lnndesborongh came a rich and very artisticaUy-arraiiged cross, in which the flowers of Hancratium and large silvery leaves of Caladium were very etVective. The Band of the Cold- stream Guards sent a massive wreath composed of the liohest pure wliile flowers, across which a broad oblique band of Violets and scarlet Geranium was arranged with striking effect. The sergeants of the same regiment sent an oval shield, 2} by 2 feet; the outer circle was uf white Hyacinth ; the inner circle of Violets, whilst the centre or '" held " was of white Hyacinth pips with a cross formed of scarlet Geranium, the spikes round the margin were formed of white Gardenia and Lilac. A massive arrangement of Violets the lines and letters being of Primroses, was made to represent the Royal Toat-of- Arnis. The crown was composed of several shades of Violets. This tribute was from the officers of the Gre- nadier Guards. It was 4 feetin diameter and weighed about 2 stones. There must have been hundreds of thousands of violet flowers "bedded out" in this arrangement. A cross formed of brown moss in imitation of a moss-grown stone, and with a large bunch of crimson Cloves and Lily of the Valley tastefully arranged in the middle was original and artistic. The edges of the cross were marked out by means of single pips of Lily of the Valley. This conce])tion is French rather than English. It was easy to separate the two nations represented in these wreaths by means of the style adopted by each. Tfius the English wreath is the usual circle, with either a mixed arrangement of flowers or flowers of one kind. The crosses, too. are simple and alike in arrangement. But the French are marked by more imagination and taste. Thus, in addition to the cross last described there were two others, also by a French artist, one. sent by Lady Geraldine Somerset, was a cross 3 feet high, with arms aslant, and a three-quarter circle arranged so as to appear as if hanging across one arm of the cross. Violets alone composed the cross, whilst the circle or wreath was of white Rose-buds, Gardenia, and Lily of the Valley. The other of French design was from Princess Mary of Teck. It was a large heart, made up of choice pure white flowers, and in the middle was a small cross made entirely of the flowers of Mignonette, and upon this hung a miniature wreath of Forget-me-not. The Germans are fond of foliage for designs of this kind. The wreath from the Empress Augusta was formed of two leaves of Cycas revoluta, the base composed of light and graceful flowers, such as pink Begonia manicata, a few Gardenias, &c. A garland from the Duchess of Mecklenberg-Strelitz was com- posed of 3 Cvcas leaves springing from a huge bunch of white Roses and Camellias. From Madame Josephine came a singularly artistic design in the shape of a harp, the frame formed of white Azalea, Eucharis, Allium, Arum, and Hyacinth, whilst the strings were represented by single lines of violets. A wreath foimed entirely of the flowers of Beau- montia grandiflora set in Maidenhair and Da- vallia was one of the most effective of the smaller wreaths. It contained about thirty of these large tubular, pure white, Lily-like flowers. Growers of flowers for market ought to look after this plant. Probably the flowers which composed this wreath were grown at Panshanger, as it came from Countess Cowper. An enormous wreath, 3A feet across, was sent by the ofiicers of the Head-quarter Staff. The flowers in this were ar- ranged, each kind in a group by itself. There were Orchids, Gardenia. Arum. Lilium longiflorum. Lilac, and Lily of the Valley. A huge cross, 4 feet high, and made up entirely of the flowers and foliage of a white Carnation, was very efleetive. Some of the flowers were tied close together in bunches, whilst others were put in singly. This really beautiful arrangement was sent bv i\[r. Hugo Wemys. A wreath of Lily of the Valley and a cross of the same flowers were both very pretty, as also was a cross t'ormed of white Tulips witli single flowers of violet standing out beyond them. A rich wreath of Lilac, with a knot of Gardenia flowers, was simple and very effec'.ivc. This came from Lady Grosvenor. The Marchioness of A-hergavenny sent a heart L-nmposed of about eighty Gardenia flowers. A cross formed of Violets and tiny bronze Ivy leaves, studded ail over with single flowers of Stephanotia, was exceedingly pretty. Another cross formed of white Roses on a groundwork of bronze Ivy leaves was pretty and effective. There were many massive wreaths and crosses formed entirely of Violets, besides great numbers of th^ usual EugUsh style of wreath. From the "Women of Kew " came a very fine wreath of the choicest white flowers. There were also sonip grand wreathe, as for instance that from the Queen, and from the children of tlie Princess Mary, which were, however, taken to the church, and were not therefore on view. Altogether there would be between £700 and £800 worth of flowers at this funeral. The Duke of Cambridge, with his usual kindly consideration, gave orders that the chapel containing all the flowers here described should be shown to anyone who cared to see them. OTICES OF Books. MONOGRAPHISCHE UBERSICHT UBER DIE ArTEN DER Gattung Primula. (The species of Primula, &c.) Von Dr. Pax, Privatdocent der Botanik a. d. Universitiit, Breslau. Now that the Primula season has fairly commenced it will perhaps be of interest to lovers of these charming plants to know that a thorough and com- prehensive monograph of the genus has just been published at Breslau, Germany. The persistent cry of the cultivators of Primulas moved the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society to hold a Con- ference at South Kensington, and while we are willing to admit that it did a very great amount of good at the time, arid also that its influence may even be felt yet a little, we also feel tliat a mistake was made in allowing such an event to pass without drawing up a thoroughly reliable list of the corrected names to serve as a lasting guide to all interested in this popular class of plants. A great many names we know were corrected at the Conference, but as no record was kept the same mistakes are being again and again repeated^ — a state of matters that would certainly have been, to a large extent, avoided if such a list had been made and distributed to the Fellows and others interested in their culture. We do not, however, claim much in this direction from the book alluded to above, which, by-the-bye, has been launched on a harmless class of people with the above formidable title, and which to the average gardener has the additional disadvantage of having all the notes and historical raatterin German; although the names, descriptions, references, &c., are in Latin. The thoroughly comprehensive manner in which the work has been accomplished will appeal to all lovers of these harbingers of spring, and, if it be studied as it ought, it should in time do away with much of the existing confusion. The introductory matter is chiefly historical, and begins with Dioso- corides, and includes all the writers on the genus between his times and last year on all subjects relating to Primulas — physiological, systematic, &c., interspersed here and there with information that is extremely useful and interesting. This r^-mmi, beside? indicating what the books referred to containi gives the title with a full reference to its publica- tion, &c. The author, as may already be gleaned, liascommencedatthe beginning. and brought together in one handy volume, the gist of what is contained in probably not less than a hundred books and pamphlets. Chapters then follow on roots, leaves, flowers, &c., their functions, &c. ; the position of the genus in the system is also discussed, together with a table giving the sections under which Primulace:ii has been divided by Endlichor, Meissner, Duby, Bentham and Hooker and Pax. The chapters on geographical distribution are most inter- esting and well worthy of perusal, containing, as they du, many useful hints that could be turned to good account by the cultivator. The remaining portion of the book is taken up with a list of all the species, varieties, and liybrid Primulas known, with full references and notes. The key given with each section showing the relations of the species and varieties to each other is very sim])le, and readily understood until we arrive at p. KU, section xx., Auricula, where the key looks more like a map of the Ijondon railway system than of anything so harm- less as a Primula. This section, made more diflicult with the numerous hybrids it contains, has been very ably handled, and although not quite in accord- ance with the views of English botanists, Dr. Pax has a good claim to be considered, as he has given many years of hard work to the genus Primula, and studied most of them in a living state both in cultivation and in their natural habitats. One case in point may be given here, i.e., P. Stuartii, pur- purea, &c. Dr. Pax still keeps P. Stuartii as a species, but purpurea, Moorcroftiana lineariloba, &c., instead of being placed as varieties of that species, are placed under P. nivalis, Pall., which to us appears by far the most reasonable conclusion to arrive at. Altogether the book is well worth the attention of English growers. It is the most com- prehensive work on the genus in any language, and would certainly be worth the attention of translators as a complete Primula book is a want that has been long felt in this country. B. The TOMATO: ITS Culture and Uses. By W. Iggulden. (171, Fleet Street, London, E.G.) A VERY practical little book, containliigmuch useful information on the cultivation and uses of this most popular "Fruit-vegetable,"' as the author quaintly terms it. As a successful cultivator of the Tomato, Mr. Iggulden is well qualified to speak, and so those who may follow his instructions and directions can- not very well fail. If anything, we would say there is too much repetition, the same thing being told several times over. In the matter of watering, we should be inclined to give much less than Mr. Iggul- den recommends. By far the best crop of Tomatos we saw last year received no water from the time of planting in May until August, when the fruit was beginning to colour. In speaking of open-air culture the author says : — " The plants ought never to be dry at the roots." Our experience is, that they never require any water at all. A little more might have been said on open- air culture, although, as the author very properly remarks, it is the most precarious outdoor crop that can be tried." It should have been stated that, as soon as two or three clusters of fruit are set the plants should be stopped, and not allowed to extend further, and gradually every leaf is cut off, so that the fruit may be induced to ripen. The recipes for cooking and using Tomatos are excellent. Sacred Trees of the Assyrian Monu- ments.— Dr. Bonavia contributes to recent numbers of the Ba)tylonian Record a series of illustrated articles on the highly conventionalised representa- tions of trees on the Nineveh marbles and other similar monuments. Dr. Bonavia concludes that the great utility of certain trees caused them to be regarded with special honour, such as the Date Palm, which is frequently represented, and which is so serviceable not only for fruit, hut for construc- tional purposes. The Vine, Pomegranate, are unmistakeable ; the Fir (fig. 5) is more diflficult of recognition. 500 THE GABDENERS' GHBONICLE. [Aphil 20, 1889. Cultural Memoranda, CLIVEIA MINIATA SPLENDENS. We grow many of this gorgeous species, including the five varieties, Marie Reimers, Ambroise Vers- chaffelt. Scarlet Perfection, and Madame Van Houtte, but the above is as good as most when well grown. I have four plants in tubs, each plant is carrying about thirty spikes, two of which I send for your inspection. Some of the spikes have thirty-tliree blooms, and in the centre of some of them are three blooms on one stem, a peculiarity noticed for the first time this season. Cliveias may be had in bloom nearly the year through by retarding some, and placing others in heat as required. Relays of plants in 24 s and lo's size pots are very etfective when placed with other flowering plants. I grow my plants in loam, leaf-mould, and old mush- room manure, and I pot firmly and place them in heat to get established, and afterwards grow them in a vinery, peach, or other house. When in full growth I afford the plants a good quantity of water, and syringe the foliage to keep it free from dust. There is one more point that should not be omitted, viz., that when flower spikes are showing on plants which are in cool houses the plants should at once be shifted to a warm one, as by so doing the spikes are thrown well up, and the colour of the bloom will be better. A. E. ClNEHAEIAS IN ApRIL AND MaV. A pinch of Cineraria seed should now be sown in a pan of light mould, made firm and level on the surface. Sow thinly and cover with fine soil or silver sand, and place in heat after gently water- ing the soil. It is usual to cover the pan witli a piece of glass, over which moss is put, or with a piece of slate, not tile, as this draws the moisture from the soil. When the seedlings show, these coverings must be removed at once, and the pan placed near to the light to avoid blanching of the seedlings, Prick off when large enough into rich soil, but still keep in heat, and shade well from sun. shine until re-established, TuBERors-ROOTEu Begonias. Plants which have been recently potted and put into heat will now be making growth, and if in- crease is souglit for, cuttings having a joint or two of growth may be taken ofl" and put into pots or boxes of sandy soil, and treated as is usual with cuttings. When rooted, pot ofl' the cuttings and grow in warm frames or in an intermediate house. Abundant ventilation must be afforded the plants as the season advances. H. W. Ward, MUTISIA CLEMATIS. Amoko the many beautiful anil interesting plants exhibited from time to time at the Royal Horticul- tural Society by IMr. liossfrora Sir George MacLeay's rich collection at Pemlell Court, may be mentioned the beautiful climber above named see fig. 88. In spite of the length of time it has been known (it was first described by Linnaius the younger), it is still little known in gardens. This can hardly be attributed to any difficulty in its culture, nor to any deficiency in the production of its flowers, for Mr. lloss tells us it has been planted out in a peat bed in a cool green- house, and has been flowering freely all the winter. Having outgrown the space allotted to it, where, moreover, it shades the plants underneath it, it is proposed to remove it to the back wall of a three- quarter span house devoted to Himalayan Rhododen- drons. It is also proposed to try it out-of-doors. The latter position may not be hot enough in summer to allow it to ripen its wood, but in warmer, more sunny counties than Surrey it would doubtless succeed. It forms one of a group of Composites inhabiting the higher ranges of the Andes in tropical South America, whence it was introduced into cultivation many years since by Mr. Linden, who found it growing near Bogota at a height of nearly 8,000 feet. It is a free growing climber, more or less covered in its herbaceous portions with a dense woolly felted coating of fawn-coloured hairs not well represented in the illustration. The leaves are pinnate or very deeply pinnately divided, the leaflets consisting of four or five pairs each oblong or lanceolate, with a long terminal much branched tendril. The flower heads are terminal, pendulous, each about 1'.} inches in length, consisting of a number of overlapping, oblong, mvolucral scales, in- creasing in size from below upwards, and encircling a number of strap shaped spreading ray florets of a deep orange scarlet colour. The ray florets are structurally female only, with only traces of stamens. The disc florets are hermaphrodite and tubular, about 1.} inches long, 5-toothed at the top, the five seg- ments separating above the base and forming slits, through which the filaments and style partially pro- trude. In some cases the 5 lobes at the top do not separate, but remain closed, so that these florets must be self-fertilised (clelstogamous), while the arrangements in the other flowers are such as to favour cross-fertilisation. Hence we have in this plant arrangements, some of which favour fixity of type, while others provide for variation, facts which account for the variability of the species, and increase the difficulty of 'defining them. Other botanical details are specially interesting, but need not ^be detailed here ; suflice it to say that the plant is one which appeals strongly alike to the sympathies of the lovers of decorative plants and of those who deliglit in the study of the construction of flowers and their manners and customs. Foreign Correspondence. THE ROYAL DUTCH HORTICULTrRAL AND BOTANIC SOCIETY. This Society was founded in 1872 in Anl.^terdanl. Its object is to promote the interests of horticulture and botany in the Netherlands and Dutch colonies. In 1SS8 it had 17.J0 members, which number has ^ince been considerably increased. The members form local sections in twenty-two of the principal towns of the different provinces of the country. These sections have their special directors, meetings, shows, &c. ; while a central committee, which meets at Amsterdam from time to timl^ lias charge of the general direction of the Society. The members of the Central Committee are elected for a certain number of years. The former Presidents are lionorary members of the Central Committee. The First President was Jlr. J. H. Krelage, Haarlem; then Mr. W. A. Viruly, Verbrugge, member of the Second Chamber of Parliament, Rotterdam ; then Mr. D. Visser van Hazerswoude, member of the Second Chamber of Parliament, Amsterdam ; fol- lowed by Mr, E. A. Obreen, Leiden; after him Mr. Visser, of Hazerswoude, again took the presidential chair, and was lately succeeded as President bv the Baron W. A. van Goltstein, formerly Minister of the Colonies (the Hague). The present Secretary of the Society is Mr. H. C. Zwart, at Watergraassmeer, near Amsterdam. The Society publishes a weekly journal (Ncdrrlamhch Taitihouwhlad), which is distributed to all the members. From" time to time exhibitions are held by the Society, one took place recently at Groningen, and one at Amsterdam. Every year one general meeting is held, which takes place in different parts of the country. Every summer tJie members have a friendly rfnnion, and visit the interesting establishments, gardens, country seats, &c. In winter usually a congress is held, at which interesting objects relating to hor- ticulture are discussed. Sometimes prizes arc given for the best essays on certain questions of horticulture. Recently Mr. K. Admiraal obtained the gold medal, and received 200 guilders for a treatise on canker in trees which is in course of publication. This Society has lately taken a resolution from which good results are expected in practical horti- cultural as well as in scientific botany in the Nether- lands and colonies. In a similar way as in the case of the Royal Horticultural Society of London and the Society Nationale d'Horticulture de France at Paris, there have been established committees to meet from time to time to treat of subjects concern- ing horticulture and the kindred sciences, to give certificates of merit to new or interesting plants, Sec. There are three committees, viz., A, for flowers and plants ; B, for fruit and vegetables ; C, a scientific committee. The last number of the Society's Junrnal gives the names of the members of the committe(8 previously elected; there are twenty-four for floweis and plants, twelve for fruits and vegetables, and sixteen for scientific matters. The members tf the central committee of the Society are honorary members of the three committees, so also is the Director of the Zoological Gardens at Amsterdam, G. F. Westerman (Naturalistes Magiater). Th's insti- tution, with its usual liberality, has put at the disposal of the Society the necessary accommo- dation for the meetings, and for shows which accompany them. In the present year four meetings of the committees will be held in the months < f June, September, October, and December. These meetings are experimental, and the regulations will be [modified or] enforced in the following year. It is proposed to publish the result of the local meet- ings in some other language than Dutch for circu- lation abroad. As regards the judging of plant-^, fruits, &c., it is proposed to establish small committees of three acting members, differing according to the branch of horticulture at which they work. Tie judging committees will submit their decisions to the large committees, which will have the casting vote. Fruits Under Glass. Pines. — The weather has latelj been very bad for the early started fruit, and progress is very slowg Great care is necessary in the matters of firing, damping, and airing. Some of the Queens are very prolific in showing suckers, which should bt- reduced to two of the strongest, carefully avoiding injuring the leaves of the old plants. There is not so raucli danger of giving too much water at this time of the year sis in the winter, especially to fruiting plant?, but care should be exercised ; examine each plant after severe firing; they should be kept nicely moist with weak manure water without being overdone ; syringe the plants lightly on fine sunny afternoons at shutting-up time, running the temperature up to 85° or 00° for a time, and keep a night temperature of H5° to 70°. The early fruit w'hich is colouring should have a drier atmosphere, with a circulation of warm air. After cutting the fruit, stools of Smooth Cayenne, llothschilds, or of any scarce sort, should (after having the leaves trimmed ofl") be plunged in a good bottom-heat to induce the growth of suckers, which may be potted ofl' as they become strong enough. Plants which were put in their fruiting-pots last month should be looked over for watering, and in no case should they be allowed to become dry, or they may fruit too soon. Damp down the paths, walls, &c., two or three times daily, and also syringe the plants at shutting-up time. The troughs should be filled with mtinure-water, and a short sturdy growth encouraged by giving jdenty of air on mild fine days, with a night temperature of 00° to Go*'; bottom-heat, K")^. Shading is at times necessary during sunny weather. CucHiulnrs in bearing will require plenty of manure- water, and a light top-dressing of loam and manure should be made. The air cannot well be too moist during sunny weather. Tlnn out the shoots, stop and tie in young growtiis, and any cankered or unhealthy old plants should be replaced by young ones, at the same time adding some fresh loam and manure. A lew seeds can be sown for growing iu frames, or cuttings of favourite sorts put in. Shut up early with sun heat, well syringing the plants at that time. Temperature 7(»^'to 75° at night, and 80° to S;')" by day, with air. W, Bennett, Jianaemorc, Jiur/on-on- Trent. "^ Apru, 20. 1880.1 THE GARDENEBS' GHRONIGLE. 501 Home Correspondence. — » - AN EXPERIMENT IN LIFTING VINES. AVhal may be recorded ns a triiimpli in \'inp culture and a Tlie Vines, which were phmted more than twenty- live years ago, were lifted in July last, after the crop was gathei'ed. They had been planted in an inside liorder of 1 foot in depth, resting on layers of bricks ov"r a bed of clav. The whole of this was the roots tied up in mats and sacks; and the shading was kept on the house for a fortnight after the Vines were planted. All the ventilation possiblewas aH'orded the Vines in [September aiul October, and tlie house was closed and the Vines wei'e pruned in November, Q\V<^-'^/?- X'200- I'lo. 88. — JicrisiA cLEJiATis: geeenhocse climbeb, 1-lowees oraxge-scaelet. (see p. 500.) saving of time in fruit production is supplied by the following facts : — Mr. James Hussey, the gardener at Haines Hill, Twyford, Berks, reading in Barron's Vims and Vine Culture on the lifting of some old Vines, determined to try an experiment himself. taken out to a depth of 4 feet, the bottom was filled in with chalk made firm by being rammed, and was drained into the stoke-hole. The Vines were re- planted on the 4th of August last — the house being kept shaded while the border was being made, and fire-heat being resorted to on December 8th, and now (April 10th) Black Hamburgh Grapes fit for consumption are being cut. Although the Vines have been hard driven, still a truly quick piece of work has been accomplished. B. 502 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. (Apr([. 20. ISS9. SHORTIA GALACIFOLIA. — 111 your report of the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting of March 'I'o, you have made a slight mistake in saying that this lovely plant was collected by me. I am indebted tor it to the kindness of Profess or Sargent, of Brooklin, U.S.A., who gave it to me when visiting his charm- ing residence last June. I may add that 1 grew it in a frame, but Sii' Joseph Hooker, to whom 1 gave a piece of the plant, has succeeded in flowering it in the open air, wliere it has passed the winter without protection. To anyone who may be fortunate enough to obtain the plant, I would suggest the same open air culture which suits Epiga^a repens, though I do not think Shortia will be nearly so ditHcult to grow, H. J. Ehre^, Pn-ston, Cirrna.'.^it'r. IRON TREE-STAKES. — Isit a Suggestion acceptable to any of your readers who suffer from the nuisance of common wooden stakes so soon rotting and break- ing oft', when put to trees— that I have taken to using iron pipes for that purpose 't common gas barrel. I first drive in the ground, as far as I can get it in, a length of l.V-inch (inside measure) pipe — it stands out of the ground about 6 inches. I screw on it a " diminishing socket," and in that I screw a piece of 1-inch (or |-inch) pipe, long enough to reach as high up the tree as I want it — the standard thus made is splendidly firm — and will last many years. To aid the pipe in piercing the ground, I had a lot of round cast iron points made — and I put a similar point rather smaller, in the top of the pipe — to make a tidy finish. These cast points cost from '2d. to 3rf. apiece, according to size. The gas-barrel costs — in H-inch size {inside measure), Of/, per foot ; in 1-inch size, not quite '2^d. per foot ; and in |-inch,not quite 2d. per foot. The " diminishing sockets '" are about 3f/. or 'Ahd. each. A Subscriber froin the Comim-nce- iHcnt. HEPATICAS CHANGING COLOUR.— Mr. Ella- combe asks, What is the normal colour of Hepatica flowers ? The prevailing and almost universal colour in the Pyrenees, where they abound ever}'where, is white. I own that 1 am sceptical about plants changing the colour of their flowers on the same roots. I used to think that the common wild Prim- rose sometimes turned red when transferred to a garden ; but on close observation I found that 1 had been misled by seedlings which grow close to and gradually supplant their parent. So with Hepaticas ; I often notice here clumps with flowers of two colours, two neighbouring seedlings having amalga- mated. But Hepatica seeds have a way of coming up all the better when they fall into the middle of the old plant. I can nearly always find seedlings growing in this way. As a rule, they follow the colour of their parent ; but if they happen to be of a different colour, their flowering is more conspicuous. C. Wolley Dod, Edge Hall, April 13. TENACITY OF LIFE IN SEEDS OF POINCIANA REQIA. — Seeds taken from a pod of this plant, brought from an Indian garden fully twenty years ago, germinated here vigorously, and produced strong plants. In many instances of other plants old seeds may germi- nate well enough, but the plants may prove subse- quently to be of weak constitution, and perish after a while. F. V. M., MdhouDie. FROST AND FRUIT TREES.— In some places, fruit trees that have not been removed recently have suffered much from frost, especially Apricots. Have the shallow rooting-stocks, or rather stocks made shallow-rooted by intention, that is, by repeatedly raising them to a place just under the surface of tlie Boil, anything to do with this ? A plant with its roots near the surface must show more susceptibility to warmth than one whose roots lay deep, and if it be excited by sun-heat, it may also witli correspond- ing readiness be severely cliecked by cold when once the sap is put in motion. I may remark that it is rare that old trees of any kind, fruit, forest, or what not, ever get hurt in this way, because many of the roots are beyond the influence of spring sunshine. In colder climes than ours, Apiicots are worked on the Almond, which is a deep rooter, suffering neither from summer drought nor winter cold ; 20° below zero will not hurt them, and, owing to thtli dt-pth from the surface, the flashes of spring sunshine have no exciting eflVct whatever. It would seem that our endeavours to promote fertility in our outdoor fruits by shallow planting, and on stocks with numerous root-flbres, are not unaccompanied by evils, for if we dwarf or make our tree_8 precocious we also shorten their lives, although the Chinese artists in that line will make a Fir tree 2 feet high live for 200 years ; and again, if we plant fleet, we render the tree too susceptible to spring warmth, followed by loss of crop, from too early blooming, or the loss of the tree, and this kind of planting involves summer watering, if the soil be light or shallow, M. W, A THRUSH'S NEST IN A BUSH OF OZOTHAM- NUS ROSMARINIFOLIUS.— Is there any record of a perfectly formed bush of this beautiful Australian plant having been grown in England ? Here there can be seen at the present time a thrush's nest fully hidden amongst its foliage, and to which the chil- dren have called my attention. Next month, and before the birds aiP fu'ly fledged, tliey will have fur a blanket the myi iiids of flowers of the jjlant, and which we all call here '* snow in summer." W. Bai/hr Hartland, Cork. EPIPHYLLUM TRUNCATUM. — There are now several varieties of these, and, when well grown tliey are among the finest of stove plants and the most useful, as they come in at a time when flowers are scarce, and last for a long time in bloom. To grow them satisfactorily it is necessary to graft them on some kind of suitable stock, as when on their own roots they are too prostrate to exhibit themselves well, unless on elevated baskets, for which purpose they are well adapted. One of the best stocks is Pereskia aculeata, cuttings of which strike readily, and may quickly be run up to any desired height. Grafting may be performed at almost any time, the best, however, being just before the plant starts into growth. In grafting make an inch long incision in the stock extending just through the bark into the woody tissues, and insert the grafts, making them secure by a few turns of worsted or bast. The grafts are made by breaking them away at the joint and then slicing each side of the ends, so as to make them wedge-shaped at the point, this part being that which is inserted in the stock. To hold, it is advantageous to tie some soft moss tightly round the point of junction, maintaining it in a damp state. To have symmetrical pyramidal plants the grafts must he inserted at regular inter- vals of six inches or so up the stock, but for standards it is enough to slit the top and put in a graft; and if the stems are of diflerent heights, ranging from a foot upwards, the plants will come in most useful for table decoration while small. As soon as they go out of flower, and immediately after grafting, they should be stood in a brisk moist heat, and syringed to encourage free growth, hut after this is made a drier atmosphere is needed to induce the formation of bloom buds. This process is also aided by giving the plants plenty of sun and liglit during the summer and autumn, and reducing the supply of water at tlie roots as the season advances. The best kind of soil for Epiphylluras is a loam, mixed with some sharp sand, and the pots should have plenty of crocks in the bottom, as good drain- age is of importance. The right time for potting is immediately after tlie plants have ceased flowering, which is also the right time to prune. To have plants on their own roots shoots may be inserted as cuttings, and placed in any warm house to get rooted. As Epipliylhims require but little to feed on, the baskets to grow them in need not be more than from (i to 9 inches* or so across, and the same in depth, and plants in these hung in a house will produce a striking efl'ect when they come into bloom, ./. S. THE NATIONAL AURICULA SOCIETY.--In the rules or conditions prescribed by this Society for the guidance of exhibitors at tlie annual shows there is one number, No. 17, the which, though it is too late now for amendment, yet merits attention at the earliest moment. The rule states that in class U exhibitors may show more than one collection, pro- vided that in each at least six subjects he distinct (diverse). The cluf^s in ([uestion is one ior twelve garden single Primroses, and if so disposed it would be easy enough to make two or several dozens, uU distinct; but an odd addendum follows. It is — " Exhibitors in tliis class are invited to give the native country of the species." Of what s))ecie8, when the plants shown are garden varieties of Primula vul- garis? Surely there must be some grave error here, possibly one of the printer, who has put U for W, which is the class for twelve Primula species; but such a blunder should not have been allowed to appear in print, if blunder it be. Then there is rule No. 11, which states that " No person shall be allowed to compete as an amateur wlio publishes a list of plants, &c.," but I cannot And in any previous rule, or attached to any class, any reference to the term " amateur." Neither is there any distinction made as to growers anywhere in the schedule pre- viously. The rule is, therefore, evidently surplusage and misleading, and should not have been inserted. It seems to have been copied from the Carnation Society's rules, but in their case amateurs have classes specially set apart for them, A. 1). CAMELLIAS FOR COVERING BACK WALLS OF PEACH-HOUSES. — Owing to the construction of some Peach-houses, and in such as are narrow, and the trellises about 1 foot from the glass, irom bottom to top, when the trellis becomes covered with the trees, the wall at ttie back of the house cannot be utilised for Peach trees owing to want of light there. In such a position Camellias flourish, making an excellent covering for the wall, and flowering well when they are properly treated during growth. Where the Peach trees are staited into growth for ripe fruit in June, the heat and moisture necessary for the Peach suits the Camellias to a nicety, as does the shade aflbrded by the foliage of trees. With this kind of treatment the Camellia makes early growth, which is the means of pro- ducing an early crop of flowers. Good drainage of the border is a necessity for the Camellia, as it requires abundance of water at the roots when growing, and at no time is the plant the better for being allowed to become dry at the roots, and over- dryness after the buds are formed will result in their loss. When the plants are growing freely a vigorous syringing twice daily should be afforded to clear the foliage of dust and insects, especially the black aphis, which is a troublesome pest, attacking the tender young leaves, and per- manently disfiguring them. The best wall of Ca- mellias in a Peach-house which I have seen is that in the gardens at Liscard Hall, Cheshire. E. \V. ORCHIDS FROM THE NORTH.— A very select lot of Orchids from Messrs. Wm. Thomson Sc Sons, Clovenfords, N.B., which were sold by Messrs. Protheroe ^i Morris, at their Central Auction Kooms, Cheapside, on Friday, April 12th, gave southern Orchidists an opportunity of seeing some- thing of that excellence of culture which they have heard so much about in connection with the Cloven- fords Orchids. There were over two hundred and flfty lots, and it may be said with justice that all were in t)ie highest state of perfection, a fact wliich buyers failed not to recognise, although the average showed that only fair prices between seller aud buyer were realised. The Vandas were grand, and furnished with leaves to the pot, and umny rare species which have a reputation for being bad growers gave evidence to the contrary. It should be noted that examination of the specimens leveal an almost superabundance of root, mostof it with active points, aud hence the vigour of the stems and leaves. Fairly low temperature, and no starving for want of water or air, are the rule at Clovenfords, and an in- fusion of Quassia chips or tobacco water is used for dipping in order to keep ofl'insects, fumigation being only a last resource ; indeed, it may be said to have been discontinued. J, O'B, CINERARIAS AT FARNHAM ROYAL.— Lovers of florists' flowers will just now And two singularly delightful treats oft'ered to them if tliey will journey to the Royal Nursery, Slough, first, and there insprt't the exceedingly large and varied collection of stage and alpine Auriculas which the Messrs. Turner have now in great Ixauty. The alpines especially are singularly attractive, and worth going a long journey to see, as they are without doubt by far the largest and most beautiful collection in the kingdom. The plants are arranged on either side of a long span house, and in that position admit readily of the closest inspection. Seedlings are numerous, and seem to be constantly developing new charms, especially in tlie shade of flowers, the which promise infinite variety as well as remarkable developments. Tlie second treat will be found by travelling on some 'U miles farther to Farnham Koyal common, where Mr. James has the largest and doubtless the best collection of Cinerarias in bloom yet seen at any one place. It consists of some 3000 fine plants, two-thirds of which are seedlings, and all grouperi into batches of colours, such as self, white, blue, purple, magenta, red, crimson, &c., and also of margined flowers, in their resjiective colours. Tim flowers, in addition to exhibiting great size, are all of the finest quality — many in fact seem to have reached the highest point of perfection possible in the Cineraria. In the long, light, dry span-houses at Woodside, the fihiuts nre stout and compact, ond Apbil 20. i889.J THE GARDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 503 wonderfully healthy and clean. Some material deve- lopments in colour or in markings occur every year, as this season a pretty cerise or carmine, self, and a margined blue, ot" exijuisite colour, are specially beautiful. Euglishmea have good reason to be proud that, as with Auriculas, so with Cinerarias, we have strains which excel those ot" all the rest of the world. A. i>. HARDY FLOWERS.— iMauy of these are exceed- ingly well adapted for indoor decorative and cut flower purposes during the early spring months, re- quiring little or no forcing, but merely protection in a frame or cool-house. At Urtat Doods, Keigate, where sweet-scented flowers are much appreciated, they are largely drawn from this class of plants. Here you may see large quantities of double Uerman Wallflowers, several plants grouped together, mostly in 7-inch pots, robust specimens, throwing up im- mense spikes of flowers of many colours. Alongside of these is a tine batch of the large-flowered, dark, blood-red variety, which is more fragraut than the double, and on that account is more prized for cutting from. \'iolets are grown in large quantity, both in frames, planted out, and in pots, the favourite being Marie Louise ; Conite de Brazza has been rather extensively tried this year, but the results have not been encouraging. OMntermediate Stocks there are tine batches of the East Lothian strains. Several plants together are put into 7 and 8-inch pots — the result is tine potfuUs, with many flower- spikes. The old variety. Mauve (^ueen, was in flne form, and so persistently double doe^ it come that Mr. Brown tells me he has great ditHculty in getting sufficient seeds to perpetuate the stock. It is a grand variety, and very dwarf. Uf course, where sweet-scented flowers are in demand, Mignonette is sure to And favour. The seed, I was told, was sown last August, and now the plants are in L'4-sized pots, nearly '2 feet high, and carrying flne spikes of flower. The varieties grown are the best types of grandiflora, having been constantly selected since the introduction of the type. All these plants are allowed as little artificial heat and as much light as possible. Mr. Brown also grows a double white Mignonette — it is interesting, but hardly so showy as the other. Trimula vulgaris is also grown— in pots — many of the colours being pretty and varied. AVe noticed one good yellow form, in which the calyx was similar to the corolla, thus mimickingthe hose-in-huse Polyanthus. F. li. APONOGETON DISTACHYON.— Where this aquatic flourishes seedlings are freely produced, and during March or April they may be seen growing from seeds which have fallen to tiie bottom of the pond or basin in the previous autumn. In our pond, where we have this aquatic growing, we get lots of nice little seedling plants every spring, although the bottom is cemented. Over the bottom of the pund, which is 3 feet deep, some gravel is laid for appearance sake — the pond being overhung with trees, fallen leaves find their way to the bottom ; and amongst these the seeds spring up around the parent plant, some at a distance of 10 feet away, the seed having been wafted so far away by the wind. In one year these seed- lings grow into strong plants, and as the pond is cleared out each year the seedlings are then taken up. For the information of those who do not know the plant I may mention that seedlings of this inte- resting plant are produced freely, although " W., Harrow," in referring to it on p. 394, does not say how it is increased. E. Societies," ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. Present : Dr. M. T. Masters, in the chair ; Messrs. Morris, Dyer, Pascoe, Wilson ; Professors Ward and Church, Dr. Scott, Sir C. Strickland, and Kev. G. Henslow, Hon. Sec. Hyhrid Feriis. — Mr. Morris exhibited three sets of seedling varieties of Scolopendrium vulgare, pre- sented to Kew by Mr. E. J. Lowe, F.R.S.. of Shirenewton Hall, Chepstow. Mr. Lowe has been investigating the effect of cross-fertilisation of different varieties of British Ferns in the prothallium stage. The results have been most interesting and suggestive. If spores from different varieties are sown together tlie archegonia on the same pro- thallium are often fertilised by antherozoids derived from other sources, and thus are produced numei-ous hybrid forms. For instance, the prothallium with the archegonia may be derived from a spore of the rugose variety, while the antherozoids may be obtained from a prothallium of the digitate variety, or from one derived from a marginate variety. In the former case there would be produced a rugose-digitate variety, and in the other a rugose- marginate variety. If after fertilisation the pro- thallium is divided—as was done in nearly 500 instances bv Mr. Lowe— the plants derived from it and carefully cultivated have been found to vary considerably, and to partake more or less of tlie various characteristics of the spore-bearing plants, lu the specimens placed before the committee the conclusions sought to be attained by Mr. Lowe's experiments were apparently fully borne out. Mr. Dyer alluded to INIr. Lowe's specimens exhi- bited before the British Association as being very extraordinary in character. He observed that the prothallia of Ferns usually bear antheridia tirst and then archegonia, being thus analogous to protan- drous flowers. If left to itself it rarely produces more than one seedling, tlie whole of the energy at the disposal of the prothallium being concentrated in one individual ; but by cutting a prothallium in two, as Mr. Lowe has done, at least one, if not more, archegonia could be borne by each halt, which then retained its own individuality, each having possibly been crossed, and thus producing a different form from the other. He also referred to the fact that it was only during the lifetime of Sir Joseph Banks that the existence of the prothallium of Ferns was known. O.'-rt//*- .7>.— Mr. Morris also exhibited some bulbs covered with remarkable scales of a rich brown colour, apparently of a nt^w species of Oxalis col- lected in South Africa by Mr. Farini in 1885. The outer scales are an inch in length, entire, and of a linear pointed character. The inner scales are thread-like and wavy. In ^/V^ they are packed closely together, forming a matted cushion round the bulbs. Unfortunately, none of the latter reached this country in a living state. From the material available there can be little doubt the plant is a species of Oxalis, but different from anything represented under culti- vation. It was suggested that the spiral character of the inner scales may assist the bulbs by their hygroscopic character to rise near the surface after rains, and to descend during dry weather. Sckrotbiia on Snowtrops. — Professor Marshall Ward exhibited one of his very successful cultures of this disease raised from the fungus which attacks Snowdrops. He has worked out a very complete life history, which will be hereafter published. With reference to Mr. Barr's experience of the dying out of Snowdrops in a rich soil. Mr. Wilson remarked that he inquired of Mr. Melville, of Dunrobin Gardens, Golspie, N.B., who raises large numbers. His reply is that they do very well with him, his land being a deep, free, black loam resting on an old sea-bottom of gravel and sand. He adds that he thinks Snowdrops and other bulbs are very impatient of an adhesive, clayey, or wet and cold, as well as ill- drained soil, good drainage being imperative. The question was raised as to the meaning of the common expression "predisposition to disease" in plants. Mr. Dyer remarked upon the ambiguous and mis- leading character of this term, and emphasised the necessity of ascertaining in each case the real cause of an attack by a fungus. Thus, if a hypha entered by the stoma, a varying degree in the size of this organ might make all the diflerence as to the immunity of a plant from a parasitic attack, which, therefore, would have had nothing to do with the constitution of the plant, and so might not be in the least degree enfeebled. Sir. C. Strickland remarked that certain varieties ofPotatos had at tirst been liable to the disease, but resisted it afterwards. Hence in their case also it might have been due to some such mechanical cause as a thickened cuticle, and not necessarily to an altered constitutional character. Blue Primroses. — Jlr. Wilson exhibited a box containing three flowers of " Scott Wilson " Prim- rose and one flower each of its descendants. Most of them have a moie or less blue colour ; some having less of the blue-plum colour, and are appa- rently nearer to a true blue than has been hitherto obtained. Daffodils cuhd i?t)/'.— Kev. C. Wolley Dod forwarded some Daflodils suffering from rot, with the following remarks : — " Owing, I believe, to the cold spring and summer of last year, rot has been unusually destruc- tive, and I have lost nearly one-third of my crop. I have divided the Daffudils sent into two lots. Those in No, 1 are atiected with a rot too well known to Daflbdil growers. I attribute it to the presence of too much wet in the soil at the ripening stage of growth, assisted by coldness of soil. Vou will see that few or no new roots are made. The way in which whole clumps die ofl' has led me sometimes to think the disease may be contagious. The bulbs in No. 2 are differently affected, and I think frum a different cause. Last year I lost far more Daffodils from this aflection than I have done this year. 1 attribute it simply to tlie mechanical eflect o*f severe late frosts coming when the soil is wet, as the seat of the damage is on the surface line. The violent couitrictio!! in the heavy soil caused by tlie frost cuts the leaves nearly in two, and no further growth is made. These ' No. 12 ' Daflodils seem all to have made a healthy start." The general opinion of the committee seemed to coincide with Mr. Dod's, that both results were probably due to some defective conditions of the soil. In the flrst case, in wliich no roots were produced, most probably this was an in- surticient drainage ; and in the second the decay was due to the land being heavy and wet, and then pro- bably roughly forked over, so that clods were partially resting upon tlie growing bulbs, which could not satisfactorily raise the foliage. It will be observed that Mr. Melville strongly advocates good drainage, whether it be naturally or artirtciallv made, for all bulboua plants. Warts o/i Vine Lmws.—'Slv. J. Wright sent leaves thus affected from a Black Hamburgh' Vine, a Koyal Muscadine in the same house being unaffected. Last year the atmosphere of the house was kept rather moist, and this year much drier, but neither condition appeared to have any effect upon the state of the leaves. The cause was suggested by Professor Marshall Ward and others to be deflcient ventilation, the effect of this being to increase the humidity of the air to too great an extent ; this in turn produces turgidity of the cells, with a consequent hypertro- phied condition, resulting in the so-called " warts." UiKhrgruiind Temperature, — Mr. Henslow ex- hibited tables of curves, showing the variations in tlie maximum, minimum, air, and underground tem- peratures at a depth of 12 inches for the preceding three months, taken by him at Ealing. The features brought out by comparison were — 1, The much slighter oscillations in the subterranean temperatures than in the other three. 2, That while the sub- terranean varies with the maxima and minima when their fluctuations are great, they often remain unafiected when the latter are slight ; or (3) the curves may correspond with one or other only of them respectively. Taking the means for the three months they are as follows : — Mean Max. Mean Miu. Mean Air. Mean] Subt. o 0 ■o o January 42 ■■m ■■u .■57 February -12 .30 3.5 37 March 45 .■)2 40 39 Hence the mean subterranean temperature was in each case 1° higher than the mean between the maximum and minimum of each month. Compar- ing the subterranean with the minima on January 6th the lowest minimum was 19°, but the subter- ranean temperature never fell below 32°. On Feb- ruary 13th the lowest minimum was 18°, the subter- ranean temperature being 33^, the lowest for the month. On March 18th the lowest minimum was also IS'^, the subterranean being again 33°. Com- paring subterranean with the maxima, on January 19th and 27th the highest maximum occurred— viz., 51°, the subterranean reaching 40^* on both dat^s, while on the 31st it was 41"-. In February thtie were two high maxima — viz., on the Ist 54^, II e subterranean being 4.0° ; and on 18th 50'^, the sub- terranean being 44° on the 20th. In March a series of six maxima ranged from .JC^ on the 14th to 59® on the 2Sth and 30th ; the subterranean had five corresponding maxima, reaching 46'^ on the 30th. Injurious Ejfect of London Foi/. — Mr. Dyer laid before the committee a short scheme to indicate the line suggested for inquiries into this matter :—l. The natural history of fog considered (1) in its meteoro- logical conditions, and (2) as to its chemical and physical components; 2. The empirical effects of fog (1) as diminishing the amount of light, and (2) in its injurious effects arising from the action of its poisonous and obstructive components ; 3. The microscopical study of lesions to tissui s produced by fog; and 4. Experimental data likely to throw light on the subject. Various experts will 504 THE GABDENERS' CHBONIGLE. [Apbil 20, 1889 be invited to take part in the investigation, and a circular will be issued to cultivators askinj; for their experience. Professor Churcli furnished the re- markable fact that he had noticed how Convolvulus major growing in the Portland Koad was bleached by rain-dro])S. This was due to the presence of sul- phurous acid in addition to the usual sulphuric (in the form of .sulphates) in London rain. lie found also that when London fog was filtered the air was acid, but the soot was alkaline, in consequence of the i)resence of ammonia. Ur. Kussell has even detected arsenious acid in rain-water collected in the City. Narcissus Committee. At a meeting of the Committee held at West- minster on Tuesday, April 9th, the following varie- ties were registered ;—'S'ff?i?a Maria, a deep yellow ajax, collected by Mr. P. Barr, and grown for more than one season in this country. Camoens (Mr.Tait's Bicolor and Bicolor lusitanicus), with perianth segments shorter than the corona, which has been collected and distributed by Mr. Tait. Lady Annes- ley, .John Bright (somewhat like obvallaris), and Koslyn, a form of Princess, were deferred for further trial or information. Little Princess, StansfieUl, and Sir W. Ilarcourt, thr^e new varieties from among the Backhouse seedlings, were shown, but no opinion expressed on them. Dolly Varden, Prince George, Countess of Desmond, Richard Boyle, and Silver Bar were not considered to possess any distinct merit or superiority over other better known sorts. The following seedlings raised in this country were of interest : — From Mr. WoUey Dod a large number, varying considerably in colour, raised from J. Horsfield, but in most cases very gi'eatly inferior to the parent. Also a number from obvallaris, which differed from any shown by Mr. Wilks or Mr. Engleheart raised by them from the same variety. Mr. Engleheart brought a number of seed- lings from spurius, showing great variation both in trumpet and perianth. Seedling from a common Pseudo fertilised with pollen from Achilles, very like what is known as scoticus. Seedling from spurius, believed to have been crossed with poeticus ornatus, very like Sir Watkin. Seedling from Vicar of Lul- worth, reverting to the common pseudo. Seedling from a bicolor, crossed with a white Ajax (Hamp- shire albino), reverting to a small pseudo, A double yellow seedling from Obvallaris, fertilised apparently with polyen from Telamonius plenus, which was growing near. C. R. Scrase DicJdns, Hon. Sec. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. April 11. — The society met at .">, St. Andrew Square, S. Craig, president, in the chair. Surgeon- Major Aitchison gave an exhaustive lecture on the Botanical Results of the Afglian Boundary Com- mission. Besides other mmor communications, there were the usual weather and vegetation reports, as well as some interesting exhibits. Mr. Lindsay reported on the temperature and growth of vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden for March : — " During March vegetation made only moderate progress; the weather during the month was exceed- ingly variable. Very severe frost occurred during the first week, but the total amount for the month was rather below the average, liain, sleet, or snow fell more or less on 14 days, but the ground was in such a dry condition that little impression was made thereby. Spring flowering bulbs are fully up to the average in richness and quantity of blossom, but it is evident that many herbaceous and shrubby plants have suffered severely this winter, not so much from excess of cold as from the insulUcient ripening they received during the past cold summer. Tiie ther- mometer was at or below the freezing point on IG mornings, indicating collectively 00 degrees of frost, as against 131 degrees for the corresponding month last year. The lowest readings occurred on the 2nd, 24° ; 3rd, 22^^; 4th, 1G°; 14th, 29°; 27th, 23°. The lowest day temperature was 30° on the 1st, and the highest 50° on the 13th of the month. Of the 40 spring flowering plants, whose dates of flowering are annually recorded, the following 14 came into flower, viz : — March March Nordmaniiiucordifolia ... 1 ' Praba aizoidea '22 Scilla bifolia ij | CorydaliH solida 23 ,, ,, alba 12 j >arciysiispumilu.s ... 25 Mandragora officinalis ... 12 ; Orobiis vermis 26 SriUa bifoliataurica ... U i Hyosiyamus ^copolia ... 29 Omphalodes vernn ... 16 Ribes saueuiQeum ... 30 Arabia albida 18; Erythronium Dens-canie , 30 '■ On the rock garden sixty 8]>ecies came into flower, being four less than for last March. Am-Ongst the most conspicuous were :— Chionodoxa Lucilliii and sardensis, Coptis brachyjietala, Dentaria peuta- phylla, Draba Mawii and bruniicfolia, Daphne Blagayana, Hyacinthus azureus, Korolkowia Sewerzowi, Primula marginata and Cashmeriana, Pulraonaria arvernensis, Saxifraga imbricata, juni- perina. S. oppositifolia, and sancta ; Soldanella mon- tana, Tecophyllea cyanocrocus, &c.'' Mr. Bu'len submitted his similar repoit for the Glasgow Botanic Institute: '* The frosts which we experienced at the close of last month continued with more or less severity to and including the night of the 12th. After this date frost was recorded four times, 8° being registered during the night of the 26th ; 12° were registered at the same time at various places within a few miles from the city. The lowest reading here was 22° during the night of the 3rd. The day temperature was also low during the first week of the month, with light snow showers and heavy rain on the Gth. On the 8th brighter weather set in, and more spring- like days have been experienced since. Various cir- cumstances have combined to make the spring a backward one, but there is no doubt the frequent frosts, although not very severe — but combined with the dull weather experienced — have been the chiff cause. The total frosts recorded for the month is 07°, being 10° more than the record for January. Many hardy plants to all appearance are as dormant now as then. Various Crocus, Narcissus, Helle- borus, Dog's-tooth Violet, Daphne Mezereon, both red and white, Nordmannia cordifolia, DondiaEpi- pactis are now at their best in the open borders." The following exhibits were on the table : — From the Garden, Trollius acaulis, and Trillium erec- tum, in flower. From Dalkeith Palace Garden, Mr. Dunn exhibited cut branches in flower of Lapageria rosea, Philesia buxifolia, and the hybrid Philageria Veitchii. G. H. Potts, Esq., Fettes Mount, Lass- wade, exhibited a large number of seedling Saxi- frages raised by himself, amongst which was a beau- tiful variegated variety of the hypnoides section. BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND COUNTIES HORTICULTURAL. Aviiir, 10 AND 11. — This Society held its annual spring show, which we mentioned in our previous issue. Much rivalry was found in the bulb classes, but it was noticed that the Hyacinths were not equal in quality to the usual standard. Mr. Sydenham had a fine group of sixty varieties not for com- petition ; as also good collections of Tulips and Daffodils. The magnificently flowered Dendrobiuras and other Orchids of Messrs. Pope & Sons, King's Norton Nurseries; of Jlr. G. Barnes, Orchid grower to C. Winn, Esq , Selly Oak ; and Mr. W. 11. Powell, gr. to G. H. Kenrick, Edg- baston, were very noticeable. In the class for eighteen Hyacinths, competitors amateurs and gardeners. — 1st, Mr. Dyer, gr. to Mrs. Marigold ; 2nd, Mr. F. Cooper, gr. to C. Showell, Esq. Twelve Hyacinths (six varieties). — 1st, Mr. F. Cooper ; 2nd, N. Thwait, Esq. Six varieties of Hyacinths. — Ist, N. Thwait, Esq. ; 2nd, T. H. Woolley, Esq. Mr. J. Crook, gr. to W. Millvvard, Esq., was 1st j'or six single Tulips. Three Polyanthus Narcissuif. — 1st, Mr. E. Cooper, gr. to the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain. Six Azalea indica (distinct). — 1st, Mr. J. Crook ; 2nd, Mr. S. Gibbs, gi\ to L. Brierley. Esq. Three Azaleas (distinct). — 1st, Mr. O. Brasiere, gr. to Sir Thomas iVfarttneau ; 2nd, Mr. J. Crook. Six stove or greenhouse plants in flower (distinct). — 1st, Mr. W. Finch, with fine large specimens of Erica alhnis, K. ventricosa minor, Boronia elatior, Dracophyllum grncile, Anthurium Sclierzerianum, and an Azalea indica; 2nd, Mr. W. II. Powell. Three stove or greenhouse plants in flower. — Ist, Mr. W. II. Powell, with fine bloomed plants of Den- drobium Wardianum, D. devonianum, and D. thyr- siflorum. Three foliage plants. — 1st, Mr. W. Finch. Three Ferns.— let, Mr. G. Caldicot. Open Classes. Twelve Orchids (distinct). — 1st, Mr. G. Barnes, with CattleyaLawrenceana, C. Mendelli, C. Triana:, C. T. formosa, Cypripedium Warneri, C. villosum, C. can- datum, C. Roezlii, Cymbidiura eburneum, Odonto- glossum crispum, Oncidium sarcodes, and Miltonia vexillaria ; 2nd. Mr. W. H. Powell, who staged twelve, as follows: — Dendrobium devonianum, D. Wardianum, D. thyrsiflorum, D. crassinode, D. fim- briatum oculatura, D. Farmt-rii aureum. Cattleya Triame, C. T. delicate, C. intermedia, C. citrina, Trichopilia suavis, and Miltonia vexillaria ; 3rd, Mr. W. Finch, who showed a fine specimen of Cattleya Trianai, named delicata; also a good variety of Lycaste Skinneri alba. For six Orchids, the 1st prize was awarded to Mr. W. H, Powell ; and also for three Orchids. The local nurserymen, Messrs. Hewitt & Co., Mr. Thomson, Mr. Sydenham, and Mr. R. II. Verte- gans, assisted in making a good show, by sending good plants, tastefully arranged. Messrs. Cutbush, Highgate, London; and M. Smith & Co., Worcester, sent miscellaneous groups. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL. The spring exhibition of this Society, " the oldest in England," was held on April 10 and 11 in the Town Hall, the lower part of which was filled by a display of spring-flowering plants of much excellence, and the concert-room with table decorations, bouquets, &c. There were, as usual, three divisions — one open to all, one from which nurserymen were excluded, and one open to amateurs only. There were seventy- nine classes, and the total amount of prize-money was £122 12s. The show was decidedly better than that held in the spring of last year, although the number of exhibits was scarcely sa large ; in almost every class tliere was an excellent display. Open : Store and Greenhouse Flowering Plants, — These exhibits were of such merit that they would have been prominent objects at any good "summer show, and those of Mr. F. C. Ford, gr. to Mrs. H. Pease, of Darlington, were by far the best specimens. His Cliveia miniata superba had ten fine trusses, an immense specimen of Dendrobium Veitchianum had 300 fine blooms upon it, Cttdogyne cristata, a great massive plant, had quite as many; and of Erica Victoria Kegina there was a densely flowered speci- men. Mr. T. Methveu, gr. to T. Lange, Esq., of Gateshead, also showed well in this class. He it was who first flowered Dendrobium nobile var. Cooksoni, and exhibited it at Newcastle under the name of Heathfieldianum two years before it was named Cooksoni by Dr. Heichenbach ; a plant of this variety with seventy blooms on it was exhibibited by Mr. Methven. Mr. Mclntyre, gr. to Mrs. S. Pease, Darlington, exhibited some splendidly flowered specimen Azaleas, and won the 1st prize. Comtesse de Flaudre, rose ; Madame Iris Lefebre, a semi-double red flower; Madame Marie Lefebre, a large white; and Souvenir de I^Iadame Rudolph Abel, blush, reddish centre, had dense heads of bloom four or five feet through. liemarkably fine Chinese Primulas won the highest awards in two classes for ^Mr. F. C. Ford, most of th'i varieties being white flowered. Cinerarias were plentiful, and of medium quality; and the best came from Mr. H. J. Jackson, gr. to J. 0. Scott, Es(i., Benwell Cottage, Newcastle. Deutzias were remarkably well flowered, and exhibited, as they always are here, without any sticks. Mr. W. U. Armstrong, 122, New Bridge Street, won with four plants, and Mr. Ford, New- castle, with two, in another class. Mr. John Mclntyre exhibited remarkably fine Dielytra spectabilis. six and three plants, and was first in both competitions. Bidh. — Hyacinths were well shown, and in con- siderable numbers. The 1st prize for twenty-four was awarded to Mr. W. J. Watson, Fenham Nurseries, Newcastle ; the plants having large spikes and blossoms, and were altogether of fine quality. The best were King of the Blues, Fabiola, Marie, Von Schiller, and Koh-i-noor. Mr. Watson was also awarded the 1st prize for twelve Hyacinths. Mr. Edward Laidlaw, of Sunderland, and Messrs. Dewar & Co., 97, Grey Street, Newcastle, were also prize winners in this class. In the open class, nurserymen excepted, for twelve Hyacinths, Mr. James Wood, gr. to William Angus, Esq., Fenham Hall, Newcastle, was placed 1st, the plants having excellent spikes. Tulips and Narcissus were shown in abundance, and of remarkably good culture. Mr, W. J. Watson, in the open class, had the best nine pots of single Tulips; and Mr. James Wood the best six pots of double (four varieties). Mr. Watson was also placed 1st for very fine Polyanthus Narcissus (thre© varieties). Apbil 20, 1889.] THE GABDENEES' CHRONICLE. 505 Mr. Watson's six pots of Lily of the Valley were marvels of good culture, and deservedly were awarded the 1st prize. Mr. A. Methven, gr. to T. Lange, Esq., Ileathfield House, Gateshead, was the only exhibitor of three specimen Orchids, and was awarded the 1st prize ; the lot included, as has been noted, Dendrobium nobile Heathfieldlanum (syn. Cooksoni), a vigorous plant, which bore seventy flowers. Auriculas and Polyanthus appeared in numerous classes in the open division, but mnst of the blooms showed traces of too rapid development, and there were few really good trusses ; but it was very credit- able to the northern growers to show so well as they did at so early a date. Mr. R. Patterson, Ashburne Gardens, Sunderland, was 1st for twelve plants, and amongst them were noted Dr. Horner (Read), Imperator (^Litton), Prince of Greens (Trail), Anna (Trail), George Lightbody (Headley), and Pizarro (Campbell) were his best flowers. J. Garret, Esq,, Hindley House, Stocksfield. was awarded 1st prize for six, he having Ann Smith (Smith), Colonel Champneys (Turner), and others. Mr. W. L. Thompson, gr. to C. L. Bell, Esq., New- castle, was placed 1st for four Auriculas. The pre- mium Auricula at the show was Heroine (Horner), shown by Mr. E. Oliver, Benton. Alpine Auriculas. — The best twelve, in not less than nine varieties, were exhibited by Mr. E. Adams, of Swalwell, and were of excellent quality. Mrs. Llewellyn, Unique, Slough Rival, Dolly Varden, Queen Victoria, and Napoleon III, being the finest blooms. Fohjanthuscs. — The best laced flowers were shown by Mr. M. Stobbs, Winlaton, and which were very good indeed. The varieties shown were George IV., Cheshire Favourite, Nicholson's King, Queen of the Tyne, Formosa, and William IV. Table decorations, bouquets, cut flowers, &c., were excellent and numerously exhibited. There were two classes for vases or epergnes for the drawing- room, and the competition was keen in both. Mrs. Adams, Swalwell, won the 1st prize in class B. ; and Mr. F. Edmondson, florist, Newcastle, that in the other. Messrs. Perkins & Sons, of Coventry, were 1st both for a hand bouquet, and also for a bridal bouquet. Mr. J. R. Chard, of London, was a good 2nd in each of the classes. Cut Pansies, from Messrs. A. Bailey & Sons, Sunderland, were very fine. Camellias, from Mrs. Oliphant, Green Market, Newcastle, were excellent in variety and quality. Excellent groups of Orchids, Daffodils, and Primulas were exhibited by Mr. Edmondson, florist, Green Market, Newcastle ; choice stove and green- house plants by Messrs. Kent & Brydon, of Darling- ton ; and stove and greenhouse plants by Messrs. Fell & Son, Hexham, and by Messrs. R. Armstrong & Sons. These collections were admirable additions to the competitive exhibits, and fell in for a large amount of admiration. There were many more exhibitors and winners of prizes whose exhibits were worthy of notice, did space permit. TORaTJAY HOBTICULTTTRAL. The spring exhibition was held on the 11th inst. in the Bath Saloons. The show was a fairly good one, Orchids being the chief attraction. Mr. Morton Sparke (gr. Mr. Medland) was awarded 1st for the three best specimen Orchids, for fine specimens of Ccelogyne Massangeana, Odontoglossum Hallii, and Cymbidium eburneum. Mr. Lavers took the 2nd prize with specimens not far below. In the compe- tition for groups of Orchids, the honours were shared by Mr. Morton Sparke, Mr. Lavers, and Captain Tucker. Of Tulips, Hyacinths, and cut blooms, there was a good display, but here again the competition was by no means keen ; indeed, in the whole show, prizes went to only seven exhibitors — Lady Macgregor, Miss Loch, Captain Fane Tucker, Mr. Morton Sparke, Mr. Lavers, Mr. Kimber, and Jlr. A. ilatthew. Trade collections of good quality were sent by iSIessrs. R. Veitch & Son, and Lucombe, Pince & Co., Exeter; Curtis, Sanford & Co.. C. Phillips, W. W. Smale, and Mitchell, Torquay ; and W. R. Beachy, Kingskerswell. Nursery notes. A NEW BLOCK OF GLASS STRUCTURES AT KING'S NORTON. The revival in trade so long looked for is at last being experienced in our large industrial centres, and the hopes and expectations of the nursery and seed trades are rising with the prospect, and signs of increasing activity are manifesting themselves. Mr. John Pope, the proprietor of the King's Norton Nurseries, near Birmingham, has recently erected near to his private residence — a distance of. about h.alfamile from the home nurseries— a large block of glass-houses, at a cost of about £1600, for the growth of plants and flowers, chiefly to supply the requirements of his stall in the Market-place. There are eleven houses, each about 95 feet long, built on sloping ground facing the south, the lowest of all being 24 feet wide, with a back wall of 18 feet, against which Mar^chal Niel Roses are planted, and the beds with large plants of Camellias ; a north house of the same size is fixed against the back wall, and is filled with Camellias and Azaleas. The others are low span-roofed houses. No. 1, a propa- gating-house, 18 feet wide, with centre and side beds ; No. 2 has Tomatos planted out, and is also devoted to Maidenhair Ferns in pots, Cyperus, Richardias, Aspidistras, Palms, Dracainas, &c. ; No. 3 to Bouvardias, Maidenhair and other Ferns, Heliotropes, double Pelargoniums, &c. ; No. 4 to Roses, zonal Pelargoniums, Euonymus, Ara- lias, a fine lot of Mar^chal Niel Roses in pots ; but it is chiefly a Rose house. No. 5 is devoted to zonal Pelargoniums — a very fine lot. No. 6 is also a house of zonals. Henri Jacoby, Raspail, Le Bruante, and Gloire Lyonnaise were especially good. No. 7 is devoted to Primulas, and here can be seen the very fine varieties for which this firm is so famous, and as they were well in bloom they can be seen to the best advantage. No. 8 is occupied by young zonals and variegated varieties, tricolors being largely grown as the best among them, viz., Mrs. Henry Cox and the silver-edged Miss Kingsbury still a leading variety. There are also some good types of the bicolor section. No. 0 is filled with the white zonal Niphetos, and other fine varieties. For the heating of this large block one of Messrs. Hartley & Sugden's top-feeding, single-flued saddle boilers is used, with a G-inch main and 4-inch feeders to each house ; and there are 4000 feet of 4-inch pipes employed. There is a spacious cistern in each house for water supply, which is under the floor level. Altogether it is a fine lot of glass for plant growing. Among the new varieties of Primula sinensis might have been seen in bloom recently. Lady Ran- dolph Churchill, an improved Princess Louise, the flowers of the finest quality ; and Mr. Rose, the Primula grower here, has succeeded in obtaining a valuable cross between Webb's Purity, a pure white, but wanting in size, and Princess Louise. This new form, like Purity, is very floriferous, and retaining the pure white of Purity, but with the size, substance and excellent fringed character of Princess Louise. Mr. Rose is also making a good advance with the blue or mauve shades. Mr. John Pope has lately added to the business that of horticultural auctioneer, and for the develop- ment of this department has taken extensive pre- mises close to the Market Hall, and here cut flowers, plants, vegetables, &c., are sold by auction. Plant Notes. a whiter and more compact variety, for which they obtained a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society under the name of Opliamenus albidus, but Mr. Nicholson, in Dictionary of Gardening, gives the name as O. B. albi- dulum. This variety is exceedingly neat and much dwarfer than the otiier. Both are graceful trailing variegated grasses, and little potsful of them are useful as an edging to baskets or as a groundwork on which to arrange groups of plants. We have seen this and zebrina make a very pleasing line when mixed. They give the house a nice furnished appearance, and should be used freely. Periodical batches of it should be brought on, the pots being filled with a free loamy compost, dibble them full of cjttings, and stand them in a moist warm pit near the glass. Plant them so as to prevent flagging and in a short time they will be fit for use. They thrive best in a moderately high temperature (about 60°) ; where with a little shade, they take on a beautiful rosy-tint. If much shaded they are apt to turn green, SCIRPUS RIPARIUS is another old plant which we find rechristened and put among the sedges. As a subject for a basket it is not so good as the Opiismenus; but as a margin plant it is excellent. Its requirements are a porous soil, plenty of water, and a temperature of about 60°. The ordinary method of increase is by division. After the plant has been well grown and matured it will stand for a long time in an ordinary greenhouse ; indeed, in summer, it will grow fairly well in the cool greenhouse ; but by a little more heat finer specimens may be grown. Planted in full exposure round the edge of a watei-tank it grows luxuriantly. F. R. DiSA LACERA. A batch of specimens of this plant, which were all gathered In the same locality, has recently been brought to Kew by Mr. J. O'Brien, and from an examination of them, I find that the opinion I ex- pressed in these columns for 1888, vol. 5, p. 664, as to the variability of the lips, is most fully corro- borated. Of four specimens selected from the batch, as being the principal variations shown, one has the oblong lip almost entire, with only slight crenate fimbriations towards the apex ; another has the lip oblong and deeply fringed at the apex only; a third has a more ovate lip, and fringed all round from base to apex, with the exception of the short, broad, cuneate claw ; the fourth specimen has a longer and narrower claw to the lip than number three, and the ovate blade is much more deeply and more finely fringed all round. All the specimens have the cha- racteristic hooked petals. Although there is now no specimen of Disa lacera in Swartz's herbarium, or in that of Thunberg, there can, I think, be little doubt that this is the plant they described under that name, and the circumstance that it is an Eastern species does not invalidate this opinion, since Disa porrecta, Swartz, of which I have seen the type specimen ! is also an Eastern plant, and comes from very nearly the same district as D. lacera, and may perhaps grow in the same neighbourhood, .AT. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew. The Rabbit-Plant. — In this country we under- stand what is meant by a plant for the million, or by a market plant. It appears from Le Jardin that the corresponding French term for a plant easily pre - pagated is " herbe h lapins," OPLISMENUS BURMANNI VARIEGATUS. This is the correct name of what we have long been accustomed to call Panicum variegatum. The new name will be rather more difBcult to master, but in consideration of a recent introduction of Messrs. J, Veitch & Sons it is perhaps as well that the change should be made. Their plant is merely Mr. J. A. McKenzie. — Many of those who were associated with the International Potato Exhibitions of a few years since will learn with deep regret of the sudden and untimely death of Mr. J. A. McKenzie, son of Mr. Alexander McKenzie, the well-known landscape gardener and surveyor of Epping Forest, and who was for several years the secretary of the exhibitions. Mr. John McKenzie went to America as a landscape gardener, where he had begun thus early to fashion for himself an active career. He seems to have been seized, early last week, with pneun:,:>nia, and died the fol- lowing day, thus cutting short a bright young life, and a career full of promise. He was much liked 506 THE QARDENEBS' GHBONICLE. [April 20, 1889. by all associated with him at the Potato Exhi- bitions, and by none more than those who had the active management of them. As a member of the Honourable Artillery Company of the City of Lon- don, Mr. McKenzie made a wide reputation, proving not only one of the best shots of that popular corps, but also of the metropolis. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, April 17. Scarcely any business being done this James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Feuit.— Average Wholksale Phices. week. g. d. s. d. I Apples, half-sieve... 2 0- 4 0 — Canada and Nova Scotia, per barrel 7 0- 17 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 2 6-6 0 — new, per lb. ... 5 0- 8 0 | s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case ...13 0-21 0 Pijie-apple8,Eng.,lb. 16-20 — St. Michael, each 2 0-80 Strawberries, per lb. 2 0-40 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s, d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Mustard and Cresa, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Peas. French, per lb. 1 0- ... Potatos, per cwt. ... 4 0- 6 0 — kidney, percwt. 4 0-50 — new French, lb. 0 6- ... Rhubarb, bundle ... 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 6- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 &- ... Spinach, perbushel... 6 0- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 3 0- .., Turnips, per bunch, new 0 5- ... Asparagus, English, per 100 12 0- ... — French, bundle21 0- ... Beans, Jersey French, per lb 3 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Caiiliflowera, each Celery, per bundle Cucumbers, each Endive, per dozen , Green Mint, bunch, Herbs, per bunch Leeks, per bunch , Lettuce, per dozen . 0 3- ... .18-20 . 1 0- ... .SO-... . 1 0- ... . 0 6- ... . 0 4- ... . 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 16-; Potatos.— Beauty of Hebron, 70s. to 805. ; Imperators, 65s.; Dunbar Magnums, 1305,; Lincoln, do.,' 70s, Dunbar Regents, 110s, to I20s. per ton. 60s. to ; and Plants in Pots.—, Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, p. doz, 9 Azaleas, dozen ...24 Cineraria, per dozen 8 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 DracEena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz.l2 Erica, various, doz. 13 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 FeruB, in var., doz. 4 Foliage plants, vari- ouB, each 2 Average Wholesale Prices. rf. s.d. ' s.d.s.d. 0-18 0 I Ficus elastica. each . 16-70 0-15 0 Genista, dozen ... 8 0-12 0 0-43 0 Hyacinths, dozen ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 Lily-of-Val.. per doz. 0-12 0 pots 10 0-18 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-60 0 Mignonette, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-30 0 Pelargoniums, dozenl2 0-18 0 — scarlet, doz. ... 4 0-60 0-18 0 Primulas, per dozen 4 0-60 Roses, H.P.. doz. ...12 0-24 0 0-24 0 — Fairy, doz. ... 9 0-12 0 0-18 0 Spirrea, doz 9 0-15 0 Tulips, dozen pots ... 6 0-90 0-10 0 Beddikg Plants in variety from Is. per do/- ; per box. Is. 6rf. to 2.1. 6rf. Cut Flowers. Abutillons, 12 bun,... Anemone,Fr..l2bun. ArumLilies,12blooms Azaleas, 12 sprays ... Bouvardiaa, per bun. Camellias, «'hite, 12 blooms — red, 12 blooms... Carnations, 12 blms. Daffodila.dbl. 12 bun. — single, 12 bun.... — French, 12 bun. — various, 12 bun. Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias, 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 spr. Lilac, white Fr.,bun, — lilac- colon red, p. bunch Lily-of-Val,, 12 spr. Marguerites, 12 bun. Average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. 3 0-60 MiRnonette. 12 bun. 3 10-30 Narcis., paper-white, 2 0-40 (French), 12 bun, 0 6-10 — double. 12 bun.. 0 9-10 Pelargoniums, la spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Primroses, 12 bun.... 0 Primulas, dbl.. 12 sp. 1 2 0-40 0 9-20 2 0-30 2 0-40 16-30 2 6-40 4 0-90 3 0-60 3 0-60 0 6-10 4 0-60 3 0- 5 0 0 6-10 3 0-60 Roses, Tea, per doz, — coloured, dozen, a — red, per dozen ... 3 — Safrano, dozen... 1 — do., (Fr.), doz.... 1 Tuberoses. 1:^ blms..., 2 Tulips, 12 blooms ... 0 Violets, 12 bunches... 0 — dark, Fr,. bunch 1 — Panne. Fr.. bun. 2 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 4 — French, 12 bun. 1 d. s. d. 0-6 0 0-6 0 0- 6 0 0- 1 6 4-0 6 tj- 1 0 0- 1 6 0- 3 0 0-4 0 0-6 0 6-2 0 0- 1 6 0-4 0 6-10 6- 1 0 0- 2 0 6-3 6 0- 6 0 0- 2 0 SEEDS. London: April 17. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that the present consumptive demand is small for the time of year, owing to the still saturated con- dition of the land. Quotations generally are without important alteration. Fine Trefoil is, as nearly as possible, used up. Good samples of Red Alsike and white Cloverseeds are now obtainable on exceedingly moderate terms. Perennial and Italian Ryegrasses move off" freely at late rates. Sanfoin and Lucerne are steady. For Tares the trade is slow. There is more inquiry for Rapeseed. Mustard is without alte- ration. Large Blue Peas are wanted. Birdseeds keep slow. COBN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average pHce of British corn, imperial measure ■" **"' week ended April 13:— Wheat, 293. llrf. ; Barley, 25s. '2d. ; Oats, 17s. Sd, For the corresponding week in 1888 :— Wheat, 30s. 5d. ; Barley. 29s. PW. ; Oats, l.'is. lid. FBUITS AND VEGETABLES. Stratford : April 16. — There was a fair attendance of buyers and an average supply of vegetables, a quiet steady trade being transacted. The following were the prices : — Turnips, 2.5s. to 35s. per ton ; Carrots, household, 24s. to 32s. do. ; do., cattle feed- ing, 1.3s. to 18s, do. ; Swedes, 14s. to 18s. do. ; and Mangels, 14s. to 20s. do. ; Onions, Valencia, 4s. to 85. per case ; do., English, Gs. to 7s. per bag ; Savoys, Is. dd. to 3s. 6d. per tally ; Brocoli, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; and Turnip tops, 9d. to Is. 3d. per bag ; Cauliflowers, 8s. to 10s. per crate ; Beetroots, Gd. to Sd. per dozen ; American Apples, 12s. to 18s. per barrel. POTATOS. BoBOCGH AND Spitalfields : April 10. — Com- mon qualities are cheaper to sell, and the trade generally is dull ; best qualities are also less in demand, and prices are supported with difficulty. Scotch Regents, SOs. to 130s.; English, 60s. to 105; Hebrons, 60s. to 90s. ; Magnum Bonums, GOs. to lOOs. ; Dunbar, lOOs. to 130s. per ton. Other va- rieties, 60s. to 80s. per ton. Stratford : April 16. — Quotations : — English Magnums (light), 60s. to SOs. ; do., dark, 555. to 60s.; do. Regents, 60s. to 85s.; do. Ilebrons, 55s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 655. to SOs. ; Scotch Magnums, 705. to 110s.; do. Champions, 60s. to 80s.; do. Regents, SOs. to 105s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, old, prime, 124s. to 128s. ; do., best seconds, SOs. to 120s. ; do., inferior, 36s. to 70s. ; prime old Hay, 108s. to 126s. ; new, 90s. to 105s. ; inferior, 50s. to 705. ; hay, old, 42s. to 48s. ; new, 24s. to 40s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Intelligent Readers, do please Note ihat letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should he addressed to the Poblisiier, and not to the Editor, but that all communications intended for publication, as well as speciraens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such communications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. Correspondents sending newspapers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. the Apple Stems Without Bark in Places ; An Old Subscriber from the Commencement. So long as the trees bear well there is nothing to complain of beyond the unsightliness of the wounds, which may be disguised by cement being smeared over the surface of the wood, and when dry this cement may be coloured so as to resemble the bark. Zinc plates, cork, &c., are often used, but as these form hiding-places for insects it is better not to use them. Gas-tar is sometimes employed, and it is useful in keeping moisture from entering the wood, especially when large limbs are sawn off. Azalea indica : H. E. B. There is an A/.alea ind. in commerce named Souvenir du Prince Albert alba. The flowers are semi-double, and white. It flowers late. It is a white counterpart of Souvenir du Prince Albert. Azalea mollis ; Pride of Penshurst, and Oloirr de Nancy Carnations : Head Gardener. If these are sent before they get too fully blown, carefully packed in clean, damp moss, and in time for the Covent Garden Market Sales on Tuesday, Thurs- day, and Saturday mornings ; and to dealers in the chief towns in England, they would find a ready sale. Pride of Penshurst is not so well liked as other yellows which have the Carnation perfume. Bass Brooms and Brushes ; A Weekly Header, See " Horticultural Sundries," in Gardcmh' Chronicle for April 6, p. 429. Calceolarias : D. Tuley. Good colours, and fairly large. The- "double" flower is caused by two buds becoming joined together in a very young state. CucusiBERs AND ToMATOS ; Gardener, When Tele- graph is grown from seed true to name there is none better, and it sells for as much as any other good variety. There are various strains of it in the hands of the trade. Covent Garden Favourite is likewise excellent. Varieties of Tomatos are very numerous. Many market growers still grow the Old Red, because of its abundant bearing; Orangefield Red, Sutton's Perfection, Laxtou's Open Air, Hathaway 's Excelsior, Golden Queen, are all of them good and prolific varieties. Cyclamens : A. Streetcr. The flowers are large* and brightly coloured, and the foliage betokens well-grown, vigorous plants. The packing was quite satisfactory. Gardeners' Benefit Society : J. G. W, Apply to Mr. Collins, 5, Martinhoe Terrace, Martindale Road, Balham, S.W., who is Secretaiy to such a Society. Gardening Appointments : Mrs, P. There is no charge made. Grape Vines: Dulwich. In our "Answers to Cor- respondents" we stated last week that the abortive bunches were due to an unripe state of the shoots, and now we would add that this want of maturity may have arisen from the roots being in a deep, badly drained, and therefore chilled soil, a condi- tion further aggravated by the cool summer of 1888, and by being covered probably by a thick dressing of manure, that would prevent what little warmth there was from entering the soil. Due attention to the management of the vinery is of no avail, but the Vines must be lifted in late Septem- ber or October, a new border made of sweet sound materials, care being taken to put the water- drainage into good order, and the old Vines replanted or new ones obtained. On the cold clayey land of your district a Vine-border should in great part be made above the ground-level, and a floor of concrete, or a layer of chalk 6 inches thick, rammed hard, put at the bottom of it. Insects : F. S. M. The tube in which you had placed some minute live insects contained only one living when it reached us, namely, the one like a centipede (Julus pulchellus), which had doubtless eaten all the rest except two very minute, shining, black, round-backed mites, which were probably too hard for the Julus. The jumper was doubtless a little Podura. These feed gener- ally on decaying vegetable matter, as do the Acari. /. 0. W. Names of Plants: Henry Horsfield. 1, Adiantum cuneatum elegans ; 2, A. cuneatum var. ; 3, A. mundulum ; 4, A. Pacotti. Dactylis glomerata variegata, Nephrolepis pectinata (probably) frond immature and barren. — '/. Dayliss. 1, Lastrea glabella ; 2, Lathr.'ea squamaria, a parasitical British plant. — E. E. Undoubtedly Ccelogyne ochracea.— /F. H. A. Rhododendron Veitchi, as far as can be told from a single flower. Paint , ON Pipes: Riigosus. Judged by the smell, we think that the linseed-oil contains " driers " or turpentine. It is the fumes of this volatile fluid which, driven off by the heat in the hot-water pipes, has injured the Roses, &c. Turpentine can scarcely be called an adulteration, as it is added to ordinary sorts of paint ; but for hot-water pipes, lamp-black and boiled linseed-oil sim](ly are neces- sary. Dark blue lead paint is sometimes employed. If injury continues to be done to the plants, the paint must be burned off. Plants Flagging and Dyi'^g: G. Thomson. Pro- bably there is something A\iong with the watering, as you suggest, but in the absence of fuller cultural details we are quite uniLble to assist you. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — Soft- wooded and Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, Herts — New Roses and Florists' Flowers. Communications Rkceivf.p.— W. Wall (noxt wpdt).— F. Thompson (next week).— W. J. C— Wil.l Rose.— W. K.— R. D.— W. B. H.— A. B.— J. D.— Profpssnr Foster.— D. Roberta.— W. D— R. S. should address the Editor on euch matters, not the Publisher.- F. Ti. H.— E. M.— 0. H.— H. R. H.— .T. .T. W. (next week). Atbil 30, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 507 GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medaxs. Quality, THE BEST In Uxe Market. (All sacka included.) PEAT, best brown tibrous ... 6s. per sack, Ssackafor 2'2s. Qd. PEAT, best black fibrous ... 4s. 6rf. ., 5 sacks for L'Os. PEAT, extra selected Orchid 8s. 6rf. „ 5 sacks for 4iij. LOAM, PREPARED COMPOST ) U. per bush., .'Is. per sack LEAF, or PEAT MOULD .,. f (sacks included). SILVER SAND, cairse, Is. 6(f. per bush., 149. half-ton, 'Us. ton. RAFFIA FIBRE, best only l,i. per lb. TOBACCO CLOTH, or PAPER Is. lb.; 28 lb., 27s. SPHAQNITM MOSS, all Helected, 3*. per bush., 8s, per sack. CHUBB"S"PERFECT'*FER-") IN BAGS. TILIZER (the Best Food for f .. * s aU kinds of Plants, Flowers, f Tins. 71b. 141b. 281b. 6eib. 1 cwt. Fruits. Vegetables, &c. ... j 1/6 3/- 5/- 8/- U/- 22/- CRUSHED BONES, or Bone Dust 1/2 2/- 3/6 6/- 12/- VERGIN CORK (Best Quality only) — 3/- 6/6 10/6 17/- RUSSIAN MATS. BAMBOO CANES. PERUVIAN GUANO, NITRATE of SODA, HORTICULTURAL CHARCOAL, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER, cheapestand best Bedding for Horses and Cattle. B2 perton. Extra large Sample Bales, 6s. each. Also prepared for Poultry Pens, Ribbits. &c., inSacks. Is.firf. ejich; 10 Slicks \2s. 6(/. ; 20 Saokq, SX-i. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. 4d. each; lOsacks, 12s. tW.; 15sacks,17s.6rf.; 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail. 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality granulated, in sacks only. 2s. 6rf, each. SPECIAL MANURES, for Farmers, Agriculturists, Market Gardeners, and others (concontrated into a Dry Powder). CHUBB'S "PRODUCTIVE" -MANURE, in bags, £3 per ton (bags included); sample 1 cwt. bag, 4s.. producing extra- ordinary results, and worth four or five times the actual cost. Try it against any olhtT miinure, no matter wh;it price. CHUBBS " COMPOUND SOOT ajid SEWAGE" MANURE, in bags. £2 per ton (bags included); sample Icwt. bag, 3s., made principally (by special process) from London Soot and Sewage with other fertilizing agents. Terms strictly Cash with order. Bankers. Union Bank of London. CHUBB. ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Milwall, London, E. ETTCHARIS MITE a Thing of the Past. HEATH'S BULB MITE EXTERMINATOR. After many and exhaustive experiments extending over a series of years, Mr. Heath the celebrated Gardener at Sedg- wick (a frequent contributor to this Paper), has at length suc- ceeded in producing a chemical compound, which proves fatal to this most destructive pest. His experiments have been watched with the utmost interest, by several Gardening Friends, at whose request he has placed it in my hands to manufacture. In. Tins, sufficient for from 50 to 100 Bulbs, accordiog to size, with full directions, Bs. MamfactubeD BV D. HARTLEY, Seedsman, Kendal, To Os obtained of all A'eedsinen. HEATH'S BOOK OF VIOLETS, 6rf. post-free. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. A Good TMng to Use. We have pleasure in drawing the attention of Plant Growers to f EMON OIL INSECTICIDE.— -Li A first-class article. Certain in action. Harmless to the most tender foliage. Easily used and low in price. Numeroiis Testimonials. Prices :— Pint. 1.5. 6rf. ; quart, 2s. 9rf. : ^ gallon, 5^. ; 1 gallon, 9s. ; 4 gallons. 34s. Ask your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN AXD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12. aiarket Street, Manchester. CLIBRAN'S EUGHARIS MITE KILLER. A CURE AT LAST FOR THIS DREADFUL PEST. This assertion will probably be doubted, but if living mites are examined under a powerful microscope, and a drop of solu- tion is applied, it will be seen tli;it death i9 instantaneous, and if the solution is let down according to the directions, it kills in from 5 to 10 minutes. It may be objected (hat when unhealthy Eucbaris are watered with the solution, it cannot touch the mites between the scales. Practice, however, has proved that it does ; and the most unhealthy Euchans, treated according to the directions, and grown with ordinary cultural care, become healthy in a short time, as a trial will convince. Numermts Testimonials. Prices:— J pint. Is. 6rf. ; 1 pint. 2s. 6rf. ; 1 quart. 4s. 6rf. ; I gallon, 7s. &d.; 1 gallon. 12s. tJrf. AsJt your seedsman for it, or apply to WM. CLIBRAN and SON. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10—12. Market Street. Mancheat^r. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of 0T7TD00B WOBK, OONSEBVATOBISS, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Statlon& Liquid Non-Poisonoufl Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices. Patterns, and Testimoniala, Pwt-trM. j LA BELUa SAUVAOB YABD. LUDGATB HILL. E.C. BAOHELOE'9 WALl^. DUBLIN,— ZHscouni /&r Cash. 1 NATIVE GUANO: Best and Cheapest Manitre for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price dE.'t lOs. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bug sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts frotn Thirteenth Aniiual Collection of Reports : — NATIVE GUANO for i'OTATOS, VEtlETABLES. FRUIT. &c.— C. FiPLER. Reading, used H for Potiitos. and stiys:— " I found your Munure give very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Tiilbot, snys :— " I can strongly recommend your Nativo Guano us a tirst-nite Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crnp3, also gnis^i. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it Ihave gained over SfiO prizes.'* NATIVE GUANO, for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey. Nurseries, Bexley. used it for Koses. Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and saya : — " I find it a good and cheap article.*' A. F. Bahron, Royal HorticuUural Society, says:—" With- out doubt a very vuluiible Manure, and ejisy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO.. Limited, 29. New Bridge Street. Blaokfriars. London, E.C, where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NTJT FIBRE REFUSE. 4rf. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (looee, about 2 tons). 40s. ; 4-bu9hel baes. id, each. LIGHT BROWN FLBROUS PEAT, 6s. 6d. per sack ; 6 sacks, 25s. : B.^ck9, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22s. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 9d. per bushel ; 16s. per half ton : 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. lELLOW FLBROUS LOAM. PEATMOULD, and LEAT- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. 6d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSLA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. a. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Druiy Lane (lately caUed 17a, Coal Yard). W.C. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider. Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. I tx) 2 ounces to the gallon of sof t- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s.. and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Koxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. JAM es^tV a^ de rs on, 1.3.1, CCMMERCIAL STREET, LONDON, E.C. The best and Cheapest Horticultural Sundriesman. RUSSIA MATS I SEED BAGS and SACKS RAFFIA I ROPES. LINES, and TWINES TOBACCO PAPER and RAO SHADING CANVAS STICKS and LABELS ' GARDEN NETTING HAMPSHIRE PEAT j GARDEN HOSE & FnTINGS COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE SYRINGES COAilSE SILVER-SAND GARDEN TOOLS & CUTLERY Prices on application. A F r I A. — R A F F I A. — The very best material for Tying up Plants and Flowers of all descriptions, about hnlf usuiil prire :— 6rf. per pound parcel, postage 3d. first pound, ]-^d. each poimd after, from the great Bulb Importer. ROBERT SYDEND.4M, Tenby Street North, Birmingham. ''PANNED NETTING, 2 yards wide, l^d. per J- yard ; 10s. per 100 yards ; 25 yards, 2 yards wide, post- free. 4s. ; 4 yards wide, 3d. per yard, 20s. per 100. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1-inch mesh, 1 lard wide, 2d.: 2 yards wide, 3rf.: 4 yards wide. 6(^ per yard. COTTON NETTING, 54 inches wide, 19 meshes to square inch, 7d. per yard (best article to protect fruit trees. &c.). PILCHARD NETTING. 13 yards wide, ^inch mesh. 9rf. per' yard.— W. CULLINGFORD, 127. Field Road. Forest Gate. London, E. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE GUGUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • Bpecial attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready gla/ed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices delivered free to any station in England. 1-Iight frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. \ a^ , 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 *^ciS ' 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( p r e E. , Larger si:;es at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders .ind Engineer"". Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, MancheBter. London Acent — Mr. H. Skelto>. Seedsman. &c., 2, HoUoway Road. N. 508 THE GARDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [Apbil 20, 1889. SHANKS'S IMPROVED LAWN MOWERS THE ONLY LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE EDGED SOLE-PLATE, Knabling the Cutting Parts to last twice as long as in other Machines. These Blachines ha\e been proved by many years' experience to be the best Horse and Pony Machines in the Market for Cricket Grounds,Parks, and Large Lawns of every description. They are used in all the London Parks, Lords' and other Cricket Grounds, and almost universally, where large Machines are required throughout Great Britain. Prices and Particulars on application. SHANKS'S NEW HAND LAWK MOWER for 1889. Light. Easily Worked, and yet Substantial- Undoubtedly the Best and Most Lasting Machine yet produi'cd for Small Lawns. Price? and Particulars on application. GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. ALEX. SHANKS 8c SON, Dena Ironworks, Arbroath, And 110, Cannon Street, London, £ C. A large Stock of all siz 'S of Machines is always kept in London, where Reppirs can also be executed by experienced ■workmen. London Address for Repairs : — 44. Tenter Street East, Goodman's Fields, £. THOMAS'S PEA GUARDS. 3 feet long. Galvanised after made. Either Pattern. Price 5^' psr doz. For Cash with order only. Two end pieces included with each dozen. TRAINING TRELLISES No. 81. GALVANISED AFTER MADE. For training Peas instead of sticks. Training plants to walls, &c. In Panels. 6 feet by 3 feet ... 2s. each. 6 feet by 4 feet ... 3s. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 4'. each. 6 feet by 6 feet ... 6s. each. Made any size to order at following prices ; — 6 in. 4 in. 3 in. 2 in. li in. mesh, 2d. Zd. Zjd. ^d. 4f(i. per foot super. Illustrated Catalogue on Application. J. J. THOMAS & CO. 87, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. H 0 S. W^^ KOBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. kin. Expiiii'-Lon ,I.Miil il.,(-\\iit.-r I'lp.'^, nil-, I inn-, l .. ;i./. each ; 4-ia. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 4n. tirf. each. Illustrated revised Price List =»^' NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden I'Vamea, just issued will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. GROMPTON & FAWKES, ^niISSION. GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS, His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C. ANTED, 6 COCOS WEDDELLIANA, perfect plants, 4 to ^ feet high. Would give ORCHIDS in EXCHANGE. Particulars to IRELAND AXD THO.MSON. Nurserymen, Edinburgh. Orange Trees. WANTED, 6 or 8 Large well-grown TREES, from 6 to 10 feet high, in good health and bearing. Address, with particulars and price, to W. H. P., Irtl, Cannon Street, London, E.C. ANTED, small quantities of ACANTHO- LIMON SEEDS ^any species). Apply to .TAMES WILSON. Greenside Nursery, St. Annrews, N.E. ANTED, good strong EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS andDWARF ASTERS, for Beddingpurpoies. Price per 100. ROBERT NELSON', Hewilh House Gardens, Ravenstonedale, Kirkby Stephen. SUTTONS' FLORISTS' FLOWER SEEDS.— Sutton's Perfection Calceolaria, .3s. (5rf. and 5s. per packet; Sutton's Superb Cineraria, 2s. 6d. and 5s, per packet; SuttonS Prize Gloxinia, 2s. 6rf. and 5s. prr packet; Sutton's Prize Cyclamen. 2s. 6d. and 5s. per packet ; Sutton's Prize Begonia, 2s. Qd. aud 5s. per packet; Sutton's Superb Primula, 2s. 6^., 3s. 6rf., and 6s. per packet. All Flower Seed-a sent free by Post. Sutton's Seeds GExuixt: only Direct from SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING. Barr's Spring Catalogue. Now Ready, of THE BEST HERBACEOUS PLANTS, for Borders, Rockwork. and Cutting, contains a select List of HIGH-CLASS AND EASILY cultivated plants Only. Free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and VS, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C. RCHIDS, ORCHIDS. —Distinct kinds, selected not for botanical curiosities, but their beauty, either for cultinfj or house decoration and the best to grow; G for 15s.. 21s.. or .30s. ; 12 for 30s., 42s., or BOs. CATALOGUE of these and all other plants free, for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBKAN ANu SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; H) and 12, MarkeL Street, Manchester. IVIES. — Irish Ivy, very fine, in pots, neatly staked and tied. 5 feet, (3 feet, and 7 feet high. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. Barr's Descriptive List of SEEDS for PRESENT SOWING for the Flower and Kitchen Garden. Free on application to BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. UT FLOWERS, BULBS, PLANTS, &o.— Best class of customers in district for good flower . Sales. WEDNESDAY and FRIDAY Night all the year round. Daily, when required. Largest and most centrally situated Horticultural Sale Rooms in Birmingham.— POPE and SONS, 6. Phillip's Street (close to Market Hall), Birmingham. SPECIMEN HOLLIES.— Best Green and Variegated sorts, in fine Pyramids and Standards. An Immense Stock. Sizes and prices on application. Also Speci- men CONIFERS in great variety. Now iy the time to plant. RICHARD SMITH and CO., Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. NGLISH YEWS, 3, 4, 5, and 6 feet. BOX. Green, 3. 4, 6, and 6 feet. Variegated. 3, i, 5. and 6 feet. PINIIS AUSTRIACA. 3. 4, 5, and « feet. All well furnished, ami finely rooted. Many thousands. ANTHONY WATERER. Knap Hill Nursery. Woking, Surrey. HOIUE FLOWER SEEDS.— Saved from the most refined and beautiful strains in exi.Htencc, Made up in suitable collections. Priced Cists Free. DICKSONS (Limited), The Royal Seed Warehouse. CHESTER. SEND FOR New Illustrated CATALOGUE of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Propa- gators, and Hand-lights, post-free, for 6 stamps, to be deducted from lirst order.— CHARLES FRAZER, Palace Plain Works, Norwich. Great Reduction in Prices. ICOTINE SOAP.— An effectual eradicator of all insect pests affecting plants, without injury to foliage. Jars, Is. Gd., 3s., 5s. 6d. ; Tins 15s. 6rf.. 25s., 95*. All See Ismen and Flcists. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE. — This valuable Manure is made only by ua. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnaga paid. London Ag^nt— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords. Galashiels. N.E. ASTUPLANTA, the best Artificial Manure. It enriches the soil with the fertilisers drawn from it by plants; no unpleasant smell; admirably adapted for all pot plants. In bags : 112 lb., 19s. ; 56 lb., lis. 3d. ; 28 lb., 6s. 9rf. ; 141b., 4.?.; 7 Ih., '2s.3d. In tins, Is. each. Sole Manufacturers, PHILIP HARRIS AND CO.fLimited), 9, Bull Ring, Birmingham. Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. THOMAS, Covent Garden Market. TeJegraph Addrcsx. "Thomasf:.s, London." Telephone, No. 2822, See large Advertisement, p. 519. 514 THE GABDENEBS' CHBCNICLE. [April 27, 1889. SALES BY AUCTION. Tuesday Next. GEEEXHOir.SE and BEDDING PLANTS, CAKNATIONS, PICOrEES. CAMELLIAS, anil AZALEAS in pots; EVER- GREEN'S, &c.; also a tew Standard and Dwarf ROSES, ME,SSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at the City Auction Rooms, ,S3 and ,39, Gracechurch Street, London, E.G., on TUESDAY NEXT, April 30, at half past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sa'e, and Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Tuesday Next, ORCHIDS in FLOWER.— SPECIAL SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEKUE and MORRIS will SRLL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room>. 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, R.C.. on TUESD.iY NEXT, April -ill. at hulf-p.iit 12 o'clock ]ireci-ely, a large quantity of ORCHIDS in FLOWER from various collections, including Cypripediums, Odontoglossums,Phalii?aopsi3, Dendrooiums, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Wednesday Next. GREENHOUSE PLANTS and FERNS in great variety; 30.000 Seeds of ARECA LUTESSENS, and 7000 COCOS ■K'EDDELLIANA in capital condition; 1000 LILIUM AURATUM; 6000 GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, and a quantity of other Bulbs, together with 20 specimen PALMS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, May 1. at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning ol Sale, and Catalogues had. ElgUy Important Sale. The Unrivalled Collection of SUCCULENT PL.UfTS, formed by the late .T. T. Peacock, Esq., and enjoying a reputation probably unequalled in Europe. MESSRS. PKOTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Sudbury House, Hnmmer-smith, W., on WED- NESDAY and THURSDAY NEXT, i"\Iay 1 and 2. at U for 12 o'clock precisely each day, without reserve, the -whole of the Valuable COLLECTION of SUCCULENT PLANTS, in- cluding many species that are unique, and others of extreme rarity, including the Entire Stock of tlie beautiful new Cereua, J. T. Peacock, Gasteriaa, Hawanhias, Agaves, Phyllocatus, Sempervivums, Mesembryanthemums, Opuntias, Yuccas, Echi- nocactus, &c. Also 120 fine plants of Todea superba, several large Camel- lias, Lapageria alba and rosea, and other plants. No plants will be sold privately prior to the Auction. Catalogues may be obtained of Mr. VICKERY, Head Gar- dener, on the I'reraises; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, tJ7 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday Next, May 3.— First Portion. The justly celebrated COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, furmed by C. Dorman, Esq.. The Firs. Laurie Park. Sydenham. The whole of the Plants will be Sold (with a very few exceptions) without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions to OFFER by PUBLIC AUCTION. at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. on FRIDAY, May 3, at half-past 13 o'clock precisely, the First Portion of the above justly ci-Iebrated COLLECTION of ORCHIDS. The plants are in splendid form, and include many fine specimens, the following comprising some of the leading special species aiid varieties catalogued : — Odontoglossum Schroderi- anum Cymbidium Philbrickianum Anguloa eburnea, the true ■white Clowpsi variety Leelia Perrinii nivea Cattleya Mendelii Morgana? ,, Trianje Backhouseana „ exoniensis „ Triana; magnifica ,, calumnata ,, Wagneri ,, Reinpckiana ., Wallisi ,. Skinneri alba Dendrobium nobile nobilius ,, „ Cooksoni ,, Leechianum „ Ainsworthii roseum ,, splendid issimum Vanda Sanderiana Cypripedium leucorrhodum, grand specimen with 6 growths ,, Morganje, grand speci- men with 6 growths ,, Thibautianum, most rare and beautiful ,, Selligerum majus ,, cenanthum superbum, grand specimen ,, emyandrum ,, insigne Wallacei ,, Harrisianum superbum ,, vexillarium Pleurothallis Roezli, magni- cent specimen Odontoglossum aureum mag- nificum. awarded First- class Certificate !\Iasdevallia cucullata Lycaste Skinneri alba Cu?logyne cristata alba, several fine plants The plants will be on view the morning of Sale. Catalogues forwarded, post-free, on application to the Auctioneers, 07 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday Next, May 3. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in the above SALE, bv order of Messrs. Seeger & Tropp, a splendid Specimen M\XILLARIA SAN- DEUIAN.A, with 6 flower-spilfes, which will no doubt be open on the day of sale ; 1 CYPKIPEDIU.VI CASSIOPE, R. H.Eolfe; only 2 fine plants of this fine h\brid;ire in existence ; 1 CYPRI- PEDIU.M PAGEANUM, Rchb. f,. fine plant ; I CVPRIPEDIUM SEEGEKIANUM, fine plant. On view morning of Sale. Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUiM ALEXANDR.T!. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE, on FRIDAY NEXT, May .I, by Order of Mr. J. Charlesworth, Heatnn. Bradford, a splendid importation of 0D0NT00L03SU.M ALEXANDR.'E, in capital condition. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. TueBday, May 7. Second Portion of the Extensive Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late Mr. J. H. Bath, of Manor Farm, North Cray, For Sale, absolutely without reserve. TI/fESSRS. PROTHEKOE and MORRIS I'JL are instructed by the executors to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and tj8, Cheapside, E.G.. on TL'E.SDAY, May 7, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, the second portion of this extensive collection of Established Orchids. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Preliminary Notice. The far-famed SIDBURY HOUSE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late J. T. Peacock, Esq. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions from the Executors of the late J. T. Peacock, Esq.. to SELL by AUCTION, without reserve, on the Prt-raises, Sudbury House, Hammersmith. W., on MONDAY. M.iy 13, and four following days, at h^ilf-past 12 o'clock precisfly each day, the ENTIRE COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, being the contents of tweiitv- three Greenhouses. For description of plants, see G«rrfeners' Chronicle. March 23 last. No Plants will be sold privately prior to the Auction. The Collection may Tie inspected at any time by cards, to be obtained of the Auctioneers. Catalogues may be had when ready of Mr. VICKERY. the Head Gardener, on the Premises ; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheap- side, London, E.C. The Downside Collection of Orchids. Highly important TWO DAYS' SALE of the remaining portion of this renOAvned Collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including many plants matchless in point of rarity ; the whole being remarkable for culture and con- dition. By order of Wm. Lee, Esq., who has sold the Estate, and is relinquishing the cultivation of Orchids. Absolutely without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, on TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, May 28 and 29. 1889, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day, absolutely without the least reserve, by order of Wm. Lee, Esq., who has sold the Estate of Downside, and is relinquishing the cultivation of Orchids, the remaining portion of this extremely valuable and celebrated COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. It is difficult from such a col- lection to mention all plants of merit, but special attention is called to the following : — Cattleya Tri.inre Leeana ,, ,, Archduchess ,, ,, Normani ,, ,, Emilife ,, ,, Emperor ,, ,, Empress ,, „ alba ,, „ Dodgsoni ,, ,, niagnitica ,, Percivaliana alba „ ,, rubra ,, Gaskelliana rubra ,, Mendelii Leeana ,, ,, Selbornensis ,, ,, elegans ,^ ,, rosea odorata „ Mossia; Southgatei „ ,, fturea grandiflora ,, lab lata, autumn- flowering Lff'lia Amesiana ,, purpurala Williamsii ,, ele^'ans Dayana ,, calistoglossa ,, anceps Schroderiana Cymbidium giganteum Odontoglossums, a large and choice selection of fine plants Oncidium prsetextum Lee- anura Dendrobium Kingianum album ,, crassinode album ,, micans Cypripedium oeoanthum superbum ,, insigne albo-margina- tum ,, microchilum ,, vernixium ,, albo-purpureum ,, Walli-sii Vanda Sanderiana ,, tricolor Patersoni „ ,, plaailabris Trichopilia tortilis alba ,, suavis alba Epidendrum Waliisii Coelogyne cristata alba Masdevallia, the original Bull's Blood The Plants can be inspected by appointment at Downside prior to the Auction, and will be on View in the Sale Rooms on the morning; of Sule. Catalogues may be had on application to Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and ^''!lilll■^s, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. ~~' Wednesday Next.-{Saie No. 791mo 5000 splendid ikilbs of LILIUM AURATUM, L. A. MACRAN- THUJI, ami other Bulbs from Japan; choice named Dwarf ROSES, from France; HARDY, ORNAMENTAL, and FLOWERING SHRUBS in variety; CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, PINKS, and other BORDER PLANTS; DAHLIAS, and other HARDY ROOTS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. May 1, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Saie No. 7919.) ~ Six cases of SACCOLABIUMS from Cambodge, just received direct, in very tine order. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, m. King Street, tovent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, May 2. On view mornint; of Sale, and Catalogues had. fhursday Next —(Sale No. 7919.) Several hundr.-d lois of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and liud. including many choice varieties. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, ^a. King Street. Covent Garden. W.C, on THl'K.SDAY NEXT, May a. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next.— (Sale No. 7m».) Cousigunienr trom Brazil. Received Direct. 200 CATTLEYA LABIATA. C. BICOLOR, aio L.ELIA CIN- NABARINA and L. FL.WA. MILTONIA CLOWESII GRiNDIKLOllA, SOPHRONITFS, &c. ; also fine Im- ported Pieces of CATTLEYI MENDELII, CYMBIDIUM EBURNEU.M, CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE, COELOGYNE ASSAMICA &c MR. J. U. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Room*", .'18. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, May 2, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sa e, and Catalogues had. The Concluding Portion of the Valuable Collection of ORCHIDS formed by H. J. Buchan, Esq. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from H. J. Buchan. Esq., of Wilton House. South- ampton (in consequence of the land having been bought for building), to offer for SALE, by AUCTION, without the least reserve, at his Great Rooms, .'J8, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, May 8 and 9. at ha If -past 12 o'Clock precisidy each day. the concluding por- tion of his celebrated Collection of ORCHIDS, comprising amongst other tine things : Coelogyne Sanderiana Vanda Parishii Marriottiana Anguloa umflora ,, Ruckeri Cymbidium Lo^yi, 39 bulbiJ Dendrobium nobile nobilius Masdevallia Chimera, 32 leaves ,, Veitchii erandiflora Cypripedium Sauderianum ,, Sedeni, 3S growths ,, Harris! , 42 growths, dark var. Cattleya labiata, autumn (lowering ,, Mendelii „ Sanderiana ,, gigas Buchaniana Oncidium macranthum Maxillarta Buchaniana Ltelia elegans aloa ,, ,, Schilleriana ,, anceps alba Odontoglossum liliflorum ,, nsevium mnjus ,, polyxanthum Ccelogyne Massaugeana Grand specimens of Odontoglossum Halli, radiatum, sceptruni and Alexandra? in flower. &c., &c. Choice Hybrid Seedling Cypripediums. On view morning of Sales, and Catalogues had. Wednesday, May 16. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place at his Gretit Rooms, .'iS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY, May 15. at halt- past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of entering Plants for this Sale will send lists as soon as possible. Preliminary Announcement. THE CRAWF(IKI) COLLECTIKN OF OFCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS has received instructions from W. H. S. Crawford, Esq., to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, ."iS, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, o-i WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, June 12 and 13. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day, without the least reserve, the COLLECTION of ORCHIDS formed by the late W. H. Crawford. Esq., of Lakelands, Cork, comprising about 700 8pecimen.s, some being fine exhibition plants, all in the best possible he:ilth, and many of great rarity and value. Further particulars in future Advertisements. FOR SALE, a FLORIST and SEEp BUSl- NESS. To be disposed of, as a going concern. Freehold Premises, consisting of Dwelling House, 6 Glasshouses, Hot and Cold Pits, Frames, Sec, (about S-iUO feet of glass). A good opening for an energetic man. Part of the money could remain on Mortgage. Present owner giving up on account of age. Apply to A. H. MATTHEWS. Solicitor. Hereford. P''OR DISPOSAL, AGRICULTURAL SEED BUSINESS, Exeter. First-class connection throughout Devon and Cornwall, which with energy may be largely extended. Proprietor is retiring after 30 years' successful trading. Fixtures, Horse, and Manual Hoisting Gear, Trade Utensils, and all Fittings, with long Lense. Price £250; Stock optional. Returns about £3000; may be easily doubled. Profits average 15 per cent. Premises are extensive and con- venient. Rent £i!0 a year, rates and taxes included. This is an exceptionally good investment, and one seldom met with. Particulars of J. LETHBRIDGE, Business Broker, Fore Street, Exeter. IRST-CLASS AVEST-END PREMISES, one door from Piccadilly, of the net annual value of £tjl0, and held direct from the Freeholder for a long unexpired term, together with or without the Goodwill of the Old-established Seed Business of Thomas Gibbs & Co., or Offers for the Trade and Use of the Name, apart from the Lease, might be enter- tained. Apply, on the Premises, 26, Down Street, Piccadilly, W. ; or to Messrs. EDWIN FOX AND BOUSFIELD, 99, Gresham Street, Bank. E.C. Wimbledon. TO LET, a Semi-detached RESIDENCE, very large Garden, 2 Greenhouses, &c. — Well suited for a Florist or any person fond of horticulture. Apply to McHRIDOK. 22._Chanc.'ry Lane. WVC Rodmersham, near Slttingboume, Kent. TO BE LET (with immediate possession), a comfortable HOUSE, with about 3 Acres of first-class Fruit Plantation, tj Glass House, and Premises, all in good working order, held (with other Premises let off and producing £55 125. per annum) under Lease which can be renewed. Apply to Messrs. JACKSON and SONS, Valuers, &c., Sittingbourne. iiNT FREE to Competent Man with small Capital, a niL'c HOXTSE, and an acre or two of L.VND. Gloss erected on agroenient. OWNER, Gnrilemrs' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NEW PEDIGREE SEEDLING ROSES for 1889. CLEOPATRA, Tea, Fir.it-class Cerlilicnte, B.H.S. DULCE SELLA, Tea. MAID OF THE MIST. H.T., a wliit« sport trom Lady Mary Fit/William. MINUTIFOLIA ALBA POLYANTHA. Elrst-cluss Certi- ficotes, R.ll.S, und RU.S. Grafted Plants ready in May. NEW FRENCH ROSES (orl889. Forced Plants now ready. Descriptive LISTS iKJst-frce on application. H. BENNETT, PEDIGREE ROSE NURSERY, SHEPPKRTON, MIDDLESEX. April 27, 1889.J THE OABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 515 B I G SALE. UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT FROM ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE. CAMBKIDGE. AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY. RENTS REGULARLY PAID. THE AEON'S ACTION HAVING BEEN TAKEN BY ST. JOHN'S COLLEGE, CHARLES NOBLE Has no alternative but to clear at any price, mag- nificent RHODODENDRONS, 6 to 7 feet high, unequalled In the Trade. Buyers must book to Sunuiogdale Station, S.W.R. CHARLES NOBLE, BAGSHOT. Leek Improvement Act, 186S. To LANDSCAPE GARDENERS and OTHERS. PLANS and ESTIMATES are invited for Or- Damentallv Laying out and Draining nbout i\ Acres of Land adjoining tlie Leok Cemetery, and which is intended to form an extension thereof. The date up to wliich they may be sent in is the l3t of Juno next. The Commissionera do not bind themselves to ai'cept the lowest or any Estimate. Rejected Phins and Kstimates will not be paid for. Furtlier particulars may be obtained on application to Mr. JOHN MYATT. Town Snrveyor, or the undersijjned. By Order of the Commissioners. C. HENSHAW, Clerk. Town Hall. Leek. ITth April, 18S9. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN- COWAN), Limited, HiLve an Immense Stxjck of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, which they offer at the most reasonable prices ; and they are continually receiving fresh impor- tations from various parts of the world. Lists, icith Prices and Fail Particulars, on application. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. ERANIUMS — PELARGONIUMS. — GERANIUMS.— All the finest sorts, from Engli-h and Continental raiserg, for Pot Culture for Summer or Winter, bought in every spring, tried and inferior kimis discarded. 12 tine Single Zonals, 4s. ; 12 fine Doubles, is. ; 12 beautiful Iry-leaf varieties, 4s. PELARGONIUMS, the finest flowers, best habitsi, most robust growers, 12 fine varieties, 6s. ; 12 large Plants, 9s. or 12s. All you want for a Garden may be selected from our new CATALOGUE, free for .3 stamps. WSI. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street. Manchester. 100 Herbaceoua and Alpine Plants for 26b. RICHARD SMITH and CO.'S SELECTION, as above, contains a most interesting and valuable assortment of beautiful and Hardy Plants for the Border or Rockwork, which produce flowers and render the garden attractive all through the year. Descriptive CATALOGUE post-free for 6 stamps. RICHARD SMITH AND CO.. Nurserymen and Seed Mer- chants, Worcester. V. RASPAEL.— This is still the best • DOUBLE GERANIUM for Cut Bloom or Decoration. 20,000 strong Market Plants novp ready, 8s. per box of 2 dozen. Terms, Cash. GEO. FOULTON, Fountain Nursery. Angel Road, Edmonton. A WELL-STOCKED GREENHOUSE.— ABUTILONS, all the best and oewest; 12 fine sorts. 3s. &d. BEGONIAS (evergreen class), fine for summer or winter ; 6 fine sorts. Is. 9d. HELIOTROPES (Cherry Pie), fragrant and free bloomero, best new and old sorts; 12 for 2s. 6rf. LANTANAS, fine for greenhouse decoration, pretty and free; 12 sorts, 25. 6tf. SALVIAS, distinct and pretty; 6 fine sorts, I5. 6d. Half number at same rates. New CATALOGUE of these and everything else you want for Greenhouses of Gardens, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN AXD SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham • 10 and 12. Market Street. :Manchester. To the Trade. Choice Home-grown VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE are prepared to make • special low offers of their exceptionally fine Stocks of VEGETABLE and FIELD SEEDS of 1888 growth, and all carefully selected. Prices and further particulara may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. ELLY AND WALSH (Limited), Exporters of ORCHIDS, Singapore, Straits Settlements. Orders executed from £0 upwards. CATALOGUES free on application. K ORCHIDS AND PALMS The Stock is of such mngnituiie that, without seeing it, it is not easy to form an adequate conception of it^sunprecedented extent. Inspection Invited. The Glass covers an area of upwards of 300,000 super, feet. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, E, CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS. DANIELS' SPECIAL STRAINS The following have been grown specially for our retail trade, and are recommended as the very finest strains pro- curable for exhibition or decorative purposes: — THE BEST ASTERS. DANIELS' IMPROVED \'ICTORIA. Large, beautifully imbricated flowers of the most splendid form and colour; — s. d. An assortment of 16 distinct varieties 4 6 12 „ 3 6 Choicest mixed seed, per packet, 6rf. and \s. THE BEST STOCKS. DANIELS' LARGE-FLOWERED TEN-WEEK, Magnificent strain of beautiful double flowers, very highly recommended : — An assortment of 24 superb varieties 18 12 6 ,. Choicest mixed seed, per packet, Qd. and Is. PANSY, DANIELS' PRIZE BLOTCHED, A grand strain of large and most beautifully blotched and coloured flowers, ■\'ery choice mixed seed ... per packet, Is. Gd. and PHLOX DRUMMONDI GRANDIFLORA, A highly improved strain of large, brilliantly- coloured flowers : — An assortment of 12 splendid varieties Choicest mixed seed, per packet, Qd. and Is. ZINNIA ELEGANS, NEW GIANT DOUBLE, A grand, new strain of magnificiently-coloured large double flowers : — An assortment of 8 superb varieties Choicest mixed seeds, 6d. and Is. DANIELS BROS., SEED GROWERS and NURSERYMEN, NORWICH. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS), More than 100 named varieties. Also collections of same in 12. 18, and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application. WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W C. CUTBUSH'S MILL- TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price, 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or Qd. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- Bgea and printed cultural directions , enclosed. withouTsignatureattached. f>5 WM. CUTBUSH AND SON. ;-^ Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, y Hinhgate Nurseries, N. TEA SCENTED CHINA ROSE, MAY RIVERS. Report of the Royal Horticultural Society, April, 4, 1883 when a First-class Certificate was awarded : — " May Rivers ia a Tea Rose, with large and deep blossoms, the outer petals cieamy white, centre clear lemon-yellow." Stong plants readv May 1st, 5s. each. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, Sawbrldgeworth. Price, 10s. 6d. each. TO BE DISTfilBDTED IK MAY, 1889. Send for full particulars to KEYNES, WILLIAMS & CO., SALISBURY. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. HAND F. SHARrE'S Special Triced LIST • of the above comprises all the finest varieties in culti- vation raised expressly for Seed purposes. The prices are unusually low this season, and may bo hud on appliaition. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. 90 000 DAHLIAS, Show, Fancy, Single, WV/^VW Bedding, Cactus, Bouquet. See CATA- LOGUE of the whole Family of these and everything else you want for a Garden, free for ,1 stamps, 12 lovely kinds of any class, 3s. ; 25 lovely kinds of various class, tis.; 50 lovely kinds of various class, II5. ; 100 lovely kinds, of various class, 21s, WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street. Manchester. OEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four -i"' Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mired, Single or Double varieties. Is,. 2s. 6d., and 6s. per packet. Collections— Single. 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Qd.; 6 ditto. 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s, to 21s. per do?,; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles, from 42s. per doz, ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Ordt'r direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E. T SOLOMON AND SON, Florists, Winchmore A» Hill. N. ; 22. 23. and .372. Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. CAIFLIFLOWER PLANTS. 2s. per lOO-Dwarf Erfurt. Early London. Lenormand, Walcheren. CALCEO- LARIA PLANTS, Golden Gem, 5s. per loO. TMWENSE STOCK of ORCHIDS.-^Best value i in the Trade; must be cleared to make room for fresh importations. Great opporlunity ; splendid order for potting. Rarest and loveliest of LILIES, Auratum Rubro-vittatum. true, lovely white, intense band of carmine, no markings or spots or yellow ; truly dazzling. AURATUM ^''IRGINALE. pure ivory white, no markings or spat-i; chaste and beautiful. These two Lilies will take the lead in any group and secure prizes. Usually sold at 21s. each— will take 6s. each, to clear, post-free. JAPANESE MAPLES. Silver Banksian Medal. TREE PEONIES, 7 First-class Certificates. ,, IRIS, most gorgeous, 4 First-class Certificates. CATALOGUE of the above on application to W. GORDON, The Nurseries, Amyand Park Road. Twickenham. ALM SEEDS. — TO THE TRADE.— Write for Special Price LIST ot all the leading kinds to H. DAMMANN. .Tun., Breslau, Germany. Hartland's New " Golden Quilled " Double Sunflower. "COLEIL D'OK."— Strong Plants, l.s. 6d. kJ each; Extra Clumps. 2s. (Di/. ; post-free for casli. The clumps can be divided for quantity. When one of the leading English hardy plant collectors writes in praise of this intro- duction, words from me become superfluous. It is one of the finest things introduced to English gardens for years. For cutting purposes and harvest festival decorations superb. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Seedsman, 24. Patrick Street, Cork, Trade Price special. The Best FreBent for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 6s.. post-free 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. 90 000 CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, ^yj^ljyjyj PINKS.— All true from layers ; grand double well-marked flowers (not seedlings), splendidly rooted, named, for exhibition or borders. All the good varieties of the most noted raisers. 12 fine sorts, CARNATIONS. 6s. ; 12 PICOTEES. 6s, ; 12 PINKS, 3s. 6d. ; 6 of each, 8s, 3d. Fine Border Carnations, 4 dozen. See new CATALOGUE of these and all wanted for a garden, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham, 10 and 12. Market Street, Manchester. V^TRAWBERRIES.— Good Plants of all the O best of the new and old varieties. One of the largest Growers in the Trade. Stocks true. Prices reasonable. Send for Special Descriptive LIST free. JOHN W ATK rXS. Fruit Grower, Pomona Nurseries, Withington. Hereford. r CORNER'S SWEDE.— For Sale, about 300 \J bushels. The finest Swede in cultivation. Selected and grown by Advertiser for many years. Noted prize-winner whenever exhibited. Address SWEDE. 6, Victoria Street. Bristol. BEGONIAS. — Very choice, single, 4s. doz., 28s. per 100; extra fine, 5s. doz., 3Bs. per 100; fine mixed, 3s. doz,, 21s. per 100. CATALOGUES Free. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower. Yeoril. N ACRE of PYRETHRUMS, POTE- TILLAS. P-EOMAS, PHLOXES. PENTSTEMONS, PANSIES, VIOLAS, propagated from cuttings or divisions from tlie finest-named sorts gathered from all raisers, not inferior seedlings. See CATALOGUE of these and all you want for a garden, out or inside, free for 3 stamps. Undernamed, all in 12 sorts : 12 Pyrethrums, 4s, ; 12 Pot^ntilla.^, 5s, ; 12 Phloxes, 3s. 6rf. ; 12 Pentstemons, 3s. 6rf. ; iJ Pansies, either Show or Fancy. 3s.; 12 Violas, 25. 6d. ; 12 Peeonies. 9s.; 12 Hollyhocks, seed- lings, from five named sorts, 4s. ; i^elphiniums, seedlings, from fine named sorts. 4s. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON. Oldfield Nursery. Altrincham ; lO and 12, Market Street, MaucheBter. V 51G THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 27, 186a. KELWAY Sc SON Now is the time to plant : — GLADIOLI, of «liiili we grow 20 acres. DAHLIAS. do. do. 2 ,. PyRETKKlTMS. do. do. 3 „ DELPHINIUJIS. do. do. 3 ., GAILLARDIAS, do. do. 2 ,. " The largest collection in the world." for which the highest awards of the Royal Horticultural and Royal Botanic Societies of London have been given. See our MANUAL for 1889, Gratis and Post-free. LANGPOBT, SOMERSET. SPRING, 18 8 9, CHARLES TURNER'S GENERAL and DESCRIPIIVE CATALOGUE of NEW FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c.. Is now ready, and will be sent free on application. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. STOVE PLANTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, such as ALLAMANDAS, STEPHANOTIS. BOUGAIN- VILLEAS, CLERODESDRONS, and other fine CLIMBERS. CROTONS. DRACAENAS, and other fine foli;ige varieties: IXORAS. HIBISCUS. POINSETTIAS. and other (lowering bush-habited plants, in finest varieties, clean, healthy, all named ; 12 distinct kinds. 12s.. 18s., 30s. per dozen. Attention is specially asked to the very fine and rare OCHNA MULTIFLOEA. OXERA PULCHELLA, SCHU- BERTIA GRANDIFLORA. For Prices and Descriptions see new CATALOGUE. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, equally well selected, good and healthy; 12 sorts. 9s.. 12s., 18s., half at half-price. New CATALOGUE of these and all you want for a garden free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN AXD SON. Oldfield Nurseries. Altrinchiim ; and 10 and 12. Market Street. Manchester. ROSES IN POTS; ill the best New and Old English and Foreign sorts, from 18«. to 36*. per dozen. Descriptive List free on application. RICHARD SMITH & CO., Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, WORCESTER. LILIUM NEPALENSE. lll''.ii Low & Co. hive pleasure in offering fine sound Bvilb^ recently imported of this Rraiid LILY, which when exhibited by them last year caused quite a sensation. It is not only ex- tremely lovely, but the perfume exhaled by the flowers is delicious. It has been described and illustrated in Botanical Mnqazinc, The Garden, Gardeners' Cltro7iicle, nmi Jownal of Hoitiriilliiri'. Bulb.s are offered arcordinj,' to si/e at 42S., 603., 843. per dozen, and all are of sulh'-'ient strength to bloom. HUGH LOW CLAPTON NURSERY, & CO.. LONDON, E. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS. And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and eCOUOIUlcal system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets; also by ■weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select Liat of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. CALADIUMS, GLOXINIAS. — Lovely CALADIUMS of the finest sorts, splendid varieties, handsome foliage, clean, easily rfowu ; 12 sorts, tjs.. i's.. 12.t. Gorgeous GLOXINIAS, ricli colours, pretty foliage, lovely flowers; 12 for 6!.. 9s.. 12s. New CATALOGUE of these and all other plants. 130 large pages, free for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBKAN AND SON. Oldlield Nursery. Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ENCLOSE Post-Offioe Order for 2.s., and by return you will get 1 packet of MELON. 1 packet of MARROW, and 1 p.acket of TOMATO SEED. Warranted besteitant.-K. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford. STRAWBERRY PLANTS, in small pots. *^ Splendid stuff of all beat kinds, and true to name. Price List on application. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond. Surrey. ASPARAGUS.—This delicious ^'egetal_.Ie does not require half the expense often incurred. For direction ?ee Illustrated Seed List, free. Strong Roots, 2s. 6d. per 100.— RICHARD SMITH and CO.. Worcester. To the Trade. MANGEL WTTRZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHAKPE will be pleased to give • special quotation for their fine selected stocks of home- grown MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS of 1888 growth, and raised from picked bulbs. The growth is strong, and the prices will be found very reasonable. Samples may be had on application. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey, end Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. GARDENIAS.— We have some splendid large plants, from 2 to 4 feet high, good bushy stuff, well set with bloom buds, price 5s., 105. and 15s. each. The best sorts in cultivation. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, in 10 and 12-inch pots, full of fine flowering bulbs, with clean dark healthy foliage, ios. and 12s. ^d. per pot. GLOIRE DE NANCY CARNATION.— Rooted Layers of this grand White Clove-scented Carnation, 30s. per 100; 6s. per dozen. COLLINS AND SONS, Cumberland Park Nursery. Willesden Junction. FUCHSIAS, TUBEROUS BEGONIAS.— 10,000 FUCHSIAS, imt the cream ot all the Fuchsia family in flower, habit, and freedom ; 12 lovely sorts, 'As. 6rf. ; 25 sorts, 6.S. 6rf. ; .=.0 sorts, 12s. 6rf. TUBEKOIIS BEGONIAS.— We have so improved the quality of our seedlings that we discarded last season all the named singles, the seedlings being much finer; 12. all different shades. large flowers, dwarf habit, in, ; 12 finer, 6s. ; 12 lovely double varieties— all these are named sorts, 21s. New CATALOGl'E of these and all other plants for 3 stamps. WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldlield Nursery, Altrincham; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. ORCHIDS. — Clean, well-grown plants, at low prices. Specimen Orchids a specialty. Price List free, JAMES CYPHER. Exotic Nurseries. Cheltenham. A few Large Healtby Palms. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, LATANIA BORBONICA, CHAM.JEROPS EXCELSA and PHtENIX KECLINATA, .1 to 6 feet high, from 10s. per pair. GARDENER, Holly Lodge, Stam'ord Hill, Loudon. N. SPECIAL CASH OFFER.— French Break- fast, Wood's Frame, Long Scarlet, and Mixed Turnip RADISH, all at aer 100 for Cash. S. MORTIMER. Swiss Nursery. Faruham, Surrey. OSES— CLEMATIS— ROSES— all in pots, can be sent and planted any time; the finest named sorts. See Catalogue, with colours description-', prices of these, and all you want for a Garden, free for 3 stamps. 12 fine TEA and NOISETTE ROSES, 15s. ; 12 Hybrid Perpetual ROSES, 12s. ; 12 Extra-sized Tea and Noisettes to force now 30s. ; for Arbours. Pillars, Walls, &e. 3 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours. 35. 6d. ; 6 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 6s. ; 12 CLEMATIS, in 3 distinct colours, 10s. 6rf. WM. CLIBRAN and SON, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham : 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. T ARGE SHRUBS for SALE. — AVanted -Li offers for the whole lot. well grown mixed sorts. To view, apply 0. WHITE. Park House. Fulham, S.W. FERNS — FERNS — FERNS. — 50,000, all Market varieties, in all sizes. Price on application. J. PAXTON, 31, Green Lanes, Stoke Newington, N. IGS.— GRAPE VINES. — Fine stock, in pots. STHAWBERKIES by the 1000. LIST Free. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. A^IOLAS 1— VIOLAS !— The following twelve ^ varieties should be Rrown by every one ; some oE them are quite new :— Dawn ot Day. True Blue, Skylark, Yellow Skylark, Duchess of Sutherland, Dickson's Champion, Mrs. Garrow (new white). Clipper, Bullion, Countess of Hopeton, Countess of Kintore. and A. Grant. One of each of the above for 3s. id., post-tree; 5 of each (60) for is. id.; 10 ol each (120). 16s., free by Post. pANSIES !— PANSIES ! — Twelve first-class -*- exhibition varieties. 45. ; 50, in .^0 varieties, lbs. ; 100, in 100 varieties, Show and Fancy, for 30s., post-free, from one of the finest collections in the kingdom. M. CUTHBERTSON, F.R.H.S., Pansy Grower, Rothesay, Scotland. THE NORMAL FERTILISER. For GREENBOUSE or GARDEN. A highlj -concentrated Fertiliser, consisting chiefly of human excrement and blood, which has the following recommenda- tions : — It is moderate in price. It is safe to use. It is not a chemical manure. It is profitable to the user. It is clean to handle. It has high fertilis ng properties. It contains no needless matter. Pr,Va. 7 lb. 14 lb. 23 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. '^^^^^ ■ 2s. 35. 6rf. hs. ^d. 95. 14s. And in 6rf. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgiite Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. All Sacks free. C-ocoa-nut Fibre Refuse, fresh. 1 sack. Is. 3d.; 10 sacks for 12s. ; 15 for 17s. ; 20 for 20s. ; 30 for 28s. ; 2 ton truc-k free on rail, 30s. Best Brown Fibrous Kent Peat, bs. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6rf. ; lOfor 35s. Best Black Peat, 4s. erf.persack; 5 foraOs. Coarse Bedforda" Sand. Is. 6rf. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 25s. per ton. Potting Composts, 5s, per sack. Genuine Peruvian Guano, Crushed Bones, Fertilisers. &c. Fresh Sphagnum Moss, 2s. 6rf. per bushel; 6s. per sack. Cliarcoal, 2.t. Crf. jier bushel; 8s. |)er sack. Flower Sticks, painted and unpaintcd ; Labels, and Biimboos. Best Raffia, Is. per lb. ; 7 lb. for5s.6(/. Pure Leaf Mould, Peat Mould, and Yellow Fibrous Loam, each Is. per bushel; 3s. per sack, Specialite Tobacco P«[)er, and Cloth, Is. per lb.; 28 lb. for 26s. Mushroom Spawn, best quality, 4s. per bushel. Russia Mats, \0s. to 18s. per dozen. Virgin Cork, 28 lb., bs. 6rf. ; .56 lb., lOs. ; 1 cwt.. 17s. Write for free Price List.— W. HERBERT and CO.. Hop Exchange. Southwark Street. London, S.E. (near London Bridge). SULPHIDE of POTASSIUM (Harris).— A certain cure for Mildew on Plants, Red Spider, Aphis, &c. Enough to make 32 gallons ot solution, free for 1$. 3rf, The only kind to use is " Harris's specially prepared Sulphide of Potassium." Solo Manufacturers : — PHILIP HARRIS AND CO. (Limited), 9. Bull Ring, Birmingham. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER. Mr. ElwORTHV, A'ettlecombe Court, tvrites: — " I have tried two factors, but I find youra much the moat de- structive. Pq^ fyii particulars apply to J. BENTLEY, CHEMICAL WORKS, BARROW-ON-HUMBER, HULL. JENSEN'S GUANOS are the most perfect Fertilisers. Promote and Sustain all Growths. Do not Exhaust, but Enrich the Soil. Analyses Guaranteed. Six Prize Medals awarded in 1S8H. J. JENSEN AND CO., (Limited), 109, Fenchurch Street, London. April 27, 1889.] THE GARDENEB8' CHBONICLE. 517 LAWSON'S FIELD ROOT SEEDS. PETER LAWSON & SON, Limited, WHOLESALE SEED G K O W E R S AND iM E R 0 H A N T S, EDINBURGH, Will be glad to send, npon application, Special Offers of their Selected Stocks of SWEDE, YELLOW, HYBRID, & WHITE-FLESH TURNIP SEEDS. Also their Superior Stocks of MANGEL WURZEL SEEDS, All of which usually give much satisfaction to their Constituents. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. JUBILEE YEAR. To celebrate the 50th year of this Institution the Committee will place on the Pension List the whole of the Unsucceseful Candidates at the late Election, Seventeen in number, upon the express understanding that the sum of .£3000 be realised, in order to provide for the ^eat E-D SON, Nurseries. Highgate 5 5 Mr. J. ROBERTS. The Gardens. Gunnersbury 10 10 Mr. B. WADDS, Birdsal] Gardens, York 1 1 Mr. G. WYTHES. Syon Gardens, Brentford " " l l Mr. W. DENNING, Nurseries, Hampton 1 l Mr. J. WALKER. Wbitton, Hounslow . 3 2 Mr. PETEKBLAIB. The Gardens. Trentham ' 1 1 Messrs. H.AXD A. TURNER, Royal Nurseries, Slou^ii 10 10 Mr. W. 0. LEEOH, Albury Gardens, Guildford 11 Miss OSBORN, Streatham Mr. W. BROW.V, Merivale Gardens, Atlierstone ... Mr. THOS. S. WARE. Tottenham Mr. PEARMAN, Salmon's Garden. Chislehurst Messr-. JACOB WRENCH AND SONS, London Bridge Messrs. HOWCEOFT a.n-d WATKINS, Hart Street, Covent Garden Messrs. THOMSON axd SONS. Nurseries, Wimbledon Mr. H. J. CLAYTON, Grimstou Gardens, Tadcaster Lord CALTHOBPE Messrs. SAYNOR, COOKE and RIDAL, Sheffield... Sir JULIAN GOLDSMD. Bart.. -M.P Jlr. W. CHAPMAN, Hawk's Yard Gardens. Rugeley Mr. C. SHEPPARD, Great Olenham Gardens, Sax- mundham Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, SomerleyGardens,Ring-n-ood Mr. KENDALL, Templeton Gardens. Roehampton Mr. WILES, Unsted Gardens, (iodalming Messrs. JOHN PERKINS ANT SON. Northampton CUTHBERT E. PEEK, Esq.. Eousden WILFRED PEEK, Esq., Rousden Mr. A. J. LONG, Westwood Gardens, Droitwich The Rev. W. WILKS, Sliirley Vicarage, Croydon Mr. LOUIS VAN HOUTTE. Ghent Messrs. F. HOBSMAN AND CO., Colchester (annual) Sir TREVOR LAWRENCE, Bart., M.P., Vice-Prea Mr. GEORGE BUTT, Kensington Mr. GEORGE TIFFEN, Cannon Street Mr. WILLIAM GREEN, The Orange Gardens, Bishops St' rtford Mr. JNO. BIRD, Nurseries, Downham Mr. HUGH AITON, Messrs. Hurst& Son, Houndsditch The YOUNG MEN, Syon Gardens, Brentford The Hon. EVELY'N ELLIS, Datchet Collected at Mote Park Gardens. Maidstone... Mr. G. WILLIS, The Gardens, Hollowmead, Bishops- teignton Messrs. WIMSETT and SON. Nurseries, Chelsea Mr. W. RAYSON, Roval Exotic Nursery, Chelsea Mr. H. DOWNING. Norbury Park Gardens ... Mr. R. BULLEN, Botanic GardeDs. Glasgow Mr. J. PERKINS, Thornham Gardens, Eye Mr. J. GOUGH, Harefield Gardens, Uxbridge Mr. D. ROBERTS, Prestwold Gardens, Loughborough Mr. J. H. PEARSON, Beeston, Notts Mr. W. WARD, Little Aston Gardens. Sutton Cold- field Mr. G. TURN'ER.Greeiihill Gardens, Telford. Surrey Mr. J. SMITH. Mentmore Gardens. Leighton Buzzard Miss MARY DKAXE, Elm Park Gardens, S.W. (annual) G. F. WILSON, Esq., Heatherbank. Weybridge, Vice-Preeident 3 0 2 0 2 0 10 0 5 0 5 0 2 0 1 0 10 0 1 0 10 0 10 0 10 10 10 10 5 10 10 ID 1 2 1 0 0 0 12 6 10 0 13 3 I 10 0 < 14 8 I 0 1 0 I 10 0 Received since last week :— R. JORDAN, Llanaway Gardens, Godalming 2 2 0 E. HARRISON. St. Michael's Gardens. Garstang... 5 12 8 JOHN GtTTATT. Streatham Nurseries. Streatham 10 10 0 WILLIAM PANG, Gardr., Woodford Bridge, Essex 0 2 6 PARAFFIN CREAM As an Insecticide, Mildew Destroyer and Cleanser. We invite a comp:irisoii of the above with otlier Emulsions or Mixtures of Paraffin, whether sold under fancy iijimes or otherwise, as regards perfection of preparation, ruiscibility with water, stability aflcr dilution, ethcacy, safety and cheap- ness. It loiitaius lliree-fLiurlha of its volume of I'anillin, now iiiiiiiowlislg,.,! to lie t lie best remedy for the destriiclioii of all iDseclsiufcbting plant life. One Gallon makes 160 Unllniisof Insecticide, Prices, delivered free to any address; — 1 Pint, Is. 6rf. ; 1 Quart, 2.<. ; half Gallon, 3$. ; 1 Gallon, Is. iSd., tins free; .1 Gallons for Is. 6rf., tin to ho returned. Larger quantities at reduced rates. Sole Projinctors— DEIGHTON & CO., Operative Chemists, Bridgnorth. ORCHID PEAT, best (luality ; BROWN KIUKdUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants. SAVE H ALF TH E COST. G A R S I D E ' S BEDFORDSHIRE SAND, Coarse and Fine. ' l8 admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Befit Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Exten:^ive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supDly of Splendid Sand, and thus save halt the ordinarj- cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price. Free on Kail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal sxtpervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. OEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. SILVER Sold in Packets, 6d. and Is. each, and in SEALED BAGS ONLY, 7 lb, 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 c'wt. "PICRENA," 2/6 4/6 7/6 12/6 20/- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE MILL LANE, STRATFORD. LONDON, E. C. & L. also supply Crushed Bonea, Bone Dust, Peruvian Guano, Sulphate of Ammonia, and Nitrate of Soda, in best qualities only. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight. Camellia Scale, Red Spider. Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. THE UNIVERSAL INSECTICIDE. SAFE-ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Pbixcks Street, Edinburgh, Jtdy 15, 1887.— "Dear Sira, I have thoroughly te^ited a sample of a new Insecticide which you were po good to senl me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95° I find it kill-* Green Fly immediately. Double tliis stren'^tli. or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ; while .3 oz. to gallon at same temperature nffectually dissolves Mealy Bug. and to far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer tebt of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or iprav. — I remiiiii, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven fit Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries. Upper Holloway, London, Januart/l, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many othen, I am pleaded to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insectt than anj tiling we have ever used. It ouglit to command a good sale. (Signed) B.S.WILLIAMS." Sold by Cherimts, Nurserj/'nen, and Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. 6rf., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (I and 2 gallons). lOj. Qd. and 205. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN. FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from E. S. WILLIaMS. Victoria and ParadiES Nurseriep. UppT Holloway. London ; and from WILLUM EDWARDS A>'D SO^, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. 518 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Aphil 27, 1889, TO LARGE BUYERS OF FORGING BULBS. "\Ve are prepared to quote the following, and also all similar articles at extremely low prices, and would advise purchasers to write for our Fpecial Offer before placing orders : — TUBEROSES EXCELSIOR PEARL, LILIUM HARRISII, HYACINTHS, WHITE ROMAN, ,, EARLY ITALIAN, LILIUM CANDIDUM, NARCISSUS, PAPER WHITE, ,, DOUBLE ROMAN, LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS, &c , &o., &c. HURST & SON, SEED WAREHOUSE, 152, HOUNDSDITCH, LONDON, E. TEA-SCENTED ROSES SPRING CATALOGUE NOW BEADY. Containing New French and other varieties, with Descriptive List of HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, CLEMATIS, CHRYSANTHEMUMS, DAHLIAS, BEDDING PLANTS, &c.. Forwarded ou application to JOHN CRANSTON & GO., KING'S ACRE NURSERIES, Near HEREFORD. ANTHONY WATERER INVITES AN INSPECTION FROM INTESDINQ PLANTEBS TO THE FOLLOWING TREES, Having stout straight stems, fine heads, and splendid roots. All have been transplanted within two years : — ACACIA BESSONIANA, 12 to 14 feet; A. SEMPERFLO- RENS, 12 to 14 feet; ACER DASYCARPUM. 12 to 16 feet; A. DASYCARPUM WIERII LACINIATA, 10 to 14 feet; A. NEGUNDO VARIEGATA, Standards, 8 to 10 feet ; A, LEO- POLDII, 12 to 14 feet; A. EEITENUACHII. 12 to 14 feet ; A. SCHWEOLERII, 12 to 16 feet; A. WORLEYlf, Stindards, 12 to 14 feet. ASH, Mountain, 10 to 14 feet. BEECH, Common, 10 to 12 feet; Purple, Pyr.araida and Standards, 10 to Ifi feet. niRCH, Silver, 12 to 16 feet, CHE.STNUT, Horse, 14 to 16 feet. Donlile White, 10 to 16 feet; Sr.arlet, 12 to 16 fict; Spanish, 12 feet, ELMS, English, 10 to 12 feet; Guernsey. 12 feet. LIJIES, 12 to 16 and 20 feet ; Silver-leaved, 10 to 14 feet. LIQUIDAMBAR, 6 to 10 feet. MAPLE, Norway, 14 to 16 feet. OAK, English, 10 to 14 feet ; Scarlet American, 12 to 14 feet; PLANES, 12 to 16 feet. POPLAR EOLLEANA, 10 to 16 feet ; P. CANADENSIS NOVA (the true variety), 12 to 16 feet; SYCAMORE, Common. 14 to 16 feet ; Purple, 14 to 16 feet. THORNS, Double Scarlet, 8 to 10 feet; White, 8 to 10 feet, WALNUTS, Common. 10 to 12 feet. Weeping Trees, BEECH, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 8 to 12 feet; Weeping, Purple, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 12 ft. BIRCH. Y'oung's Weeping. Pyramids and Standards. 8 to 14 ft. ELMS, Weeping, Pyramids and Standards, 7 to 14 feet. LARCH, Weepinc, Pyramids. 8 to 10 feet. OAK, Weeping, English, Standards, 10 to 12 feet, POPLAR, Weeping, Pyramids, and Standards, 10 to 12 feet. SOPHORA JAPONICA PENDIILA. Standards. 8 to 9 feet. KNAP HILL NURSERY, WOKING. SURREY. Q ACRES HERBACEOUS and HARDY '--' PLANTS, true to name, not seedlings {which are generally inferior to the type), Send for a Catalogue of all you waut for a earden, free for 3 stampn. It iocludes over 1000 varieliert, selected during 15 years' careful study of tliis rlass of plaut, and an annual buying in of all that seeing good, and a weedine out of the poor kind^, with height, time of bloomiDg, and other useful particulars. 12 Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS dEO 4 0 50 „ ,. 0 14 0 100 ., „ 15 0 •^00 .. .. 5 5 0 WM. CLIBRAN AND SON, Oldfield Nursery,- Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Sbrept, Manchester. DANIELS' LIST OF CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS Our collection of these includes all the newest and most beautiful varieties in culti- vation, and Customers ordering from the following list may rely on only the finest sorts being sent. The plants are strong and healthy, and in nearly all instances from single pots: — Post or Carriage Free at Prices quoted. Per dozen. —5. (/. ABUTILONS, in beautiful variety, to name, 6 for 2/6 4 6 ANTHEMIS PALLIDA, the beautiful hardy Margue- rite, 3 for Is. 3rf 4 6 BOUVARDIAS, in charming variety, 6 for 25. 6rf. ... 4 0 CAMPANULA isophylla alba, beautiful variety for pots, 3 for Is. 3rf. 4 6 COLEUS, the newest and most beautiful, 6 for 2s. 3 6 CHRYSANTHEMUMS, a very large collection, in- cluding all the best of the Japanese, In- curved, Reflexed, and Pompon varieties, 2s. %d., 35. ^d. and 6 0 CYCLAMEN persicum giganteum, strong seedlings, autumn-sown, 6 for 2s. 6d 4 6 DAHLIAS, a magnilicent collection : — ,, Show and Fancy, 6 for 2s. 6rf 4 li ,, Pompon, 6 for 2s. Qd. 4 G ,. Cactus- floM-ered. in splendid variety, including the newest. 6 for 2s. 6rf 4 0 ,, ,, Mikado, new, beautiful, terra cotta-fawn, very distinct, each. Is. 6d. ,, Single-fiowered, 6 for 2s 3 6 FUCHSIAS, seven superb new varieties, a charming set, 10s. 6d. „ beautiful sorts, our selection, 6 for 3.5. 6rf. ... 4 6 HELIOTROPE, White Lady, splendid for pots, de- licioualy scented, each 4rf 3 tj MARGUERITES, or Parisian Daisies, in variety, 6 for 2s. 6d. 4 6 „ Cloth of Gold (New), very fine, each 9rf., 3 for 3s. MUSK, Harrison's Giant, each 4d 2 6 PELARGONIUM, single-fiQwered, Zonal, a set of 9 superb new varieties of 1888, lOs. Qd. ,, ,, very choice sorts, our selection, 6 for 2s. Orf. 4 6 ,, Double-llowered Zonal, 3 superb new sorts for ,, ,, in splendid variety, 6 for 2s. 6rf ., Double-flowered, Ivy-leaved, magnificent for pot culture, a set of 5 superb new Gorts, very fme, 10s. 6rf. ., ,. .. most beautiful sorts, 6 for 2s. 6rf. PENTSTEMONS, in beautiful variety, 6 for 2s. ... PHLOXES, Herbaceous, very fine sorts, 6 for 2s. ... PETUNIAS, New Double Fringed, superb named sorts, 6 for 3s. Qd ,, Double White (alba maxima), each 9d., 3 for 23. „ ,, Crimson King, each 6rf., 3 for Is. Sd. STREPTOSOLEN JAMESONI, beautiful plant for pots in the greenhouse, each, 9d., 3 for 2s. DANIELS BROS. TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. FERNS— FERNS— SUCCULENT PLANTS. — Twelve lovely Greenhouse FERNS, good growers, fine habit for room>^ or Greenhouses. 6^. or 9s. ; small Ferns for jilanting in Rockeries &c., indoors, for fancy pots for table, 4s. per dozen ; 12 distinct Store Ferns, the best sorts for general collection, 9s. and 12s. SUCCULENT PLANTS.— Handsome, singular, fine for pot plantii in carpet beds or for contrast with othir Greenhouse Plants, 12 varieties, all named. 6s., 9s., 12s., IPs. CATA- LOGUE of sortfl of these and all other plants free for .? stampn. WM. CLIBHAN AND SUN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. TO THE TRADE. ARALIA SIEBOLDII.— Fresh Seed, just harvested. Price per ounce on application. FERN SPORES (Seeds).— 100 ohoioe vanoties. List of nHmes on application. Special LIST of choice Perennial, Biennial, and Florists' Flowers. Seeds for present sowing on application. SUPERIOR GRASS SEEDS, For LAWNS, TENNIS GROUNDS, &c. Extra Select Mixed Dwarf Ever- green Lawn Grasses, excluding Ryegrass, Per poasd, is. 4d., per cwt., l4Bs. Extra Select Mixed Dwarf Ever- green La\vn Grass, with a limited propor- tion of Dwarf Ryegrass. Per pound, Is., per cwt., 1063. These Mixtures are composed exclusively of the dwarfest- growing aud finest leaved grasses, and form, in a very short time, a beautiful, velvety turf, of the finest texture and colour. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post, Circular, with hints on sowing, free on application. DICKSONS (LIMITED). THE ROYAL SEED WAREHOUSE, CHESTER. FLOWERS WHICH EVERYONE CAN GROW and wltli which Everyone wUl be Satisfied. PANSIES. — Very fine fancy varieties, true to name, from our famous collection, 4s. per dozen, carriage paid. VIOLAS — The best varieties in existence, either for Beddine or Cut Flowers, guaranteed all standard good sorts. 2s. 6a. per dozen (in 12 varieties), carriage paid ; 16s. 6rf. per ICK) (in 2.5 v.irietiesj, carriage paid. . PYRETHRUMS.— Specially strong plants, which will bloom well this summer. Fine named varieties, 55. per dozen, carriage paid. PHLOXES.— Our collection is the largest and best in Scotland. Named varieties of the Early or Late-flowering Sections, 4s, per dozen, carriage paid; unnamed, 2s. 9t-clas3 Certificate bv the Roval Horticultural Society for superior quality. Each, per packet, 28. 6d. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA. S.W. CUT SFECIUEN FLOWERS (.AN NOW BE HAD, CORBECTLV NAMED. 12 Fine Named Sorts, 1 Flower each, 3/6 12 „ „ „ 3 Flowers each, 9/8 25 „ „ „ 1 Flower each, 6/- 25 „ .. „ 3 Flowers each, 15/- 50 ,, ,, ., 1 Flower each, 11/- 50 „ ., ,. 3 Flowers each, 30/- Sent carefully packed, free by post, wltb Descriptive Catalogne. |\|| SEEDS, BULBS, PLANTS. g^ ORCHID EXHIBITION. One of the most J)cautifiil sights in London. ORCHIDS.— The Orchid Exhibition at Mr. '-' VVlLLii.M bi'LL's Establishment for New and Bare Plants, ^m. Kings Roail. Chelsea, London, S.W., will OPEN WEDNESDAY, MAY 1, 10 to 6 o'clock. ORCHIDS.— A Tision of loveliness unpa- ^^ ralleled in Europe. v Keai 1 Europe, _ H I DSi — "A scene of the greatest Orchidic beauty, baffling description, and defying exaggeration." o RCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr, William Bull's Establish- ment for New and Rare Plants, 53l), King's Hoad, Chelsea, London, S.W. NEW PLANTS FOR 1889 MR. WILLIAM BULL'S NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1889, Now Ready, Price Is. Containing Namcj, Descriptions, and Prices of many beautiful New Plants offered for the first time. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establlsliment for New and Rare Plants, 536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. COVENT GARDEN Is the best Market In the World for FORCED FRUITS, and VEGETABLES, FLOWERS (Choice) and NOVELTIES of all kinds, from all climes. The Best Medium from whom to obtain Satisfactory Prices, J. B. THOMAS, SALES. ^Accounts sent daily. CASH or DRAFTS— Weekly, or when desired. GEOWING CROPS.— Advances made on. MARKET REPORTS. — Weekly, on application. EMPTIES. - Arrange tarly fur supply. COMMUNICATIONS — Invited early, to arrange for coming season. J. B. THOMAS, COVENT GARDEN MARKET. Telegraph Addreas, "Thomases, London." Telephone, No. 2822. References : Ask Anyone. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GA RDEN OPERA TIONS. Price Sd., Post-free ah,d. W. lUCUARDS, 41, Wellinyton Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. IV.. Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1888. W. KICHAKDS, 41, WellinRton Street, Straud, W.C. THE SATURDAY, APRIL 27, 1889. SKIMMIAS. "PjUKING the past winter the general interest -*-^ in these beautiful berry-bearing shrubs was revived by the exhibition at the Royal Horticul- tural Society and elsewhere of a very fine new variety by Mr. Foreman, of Eskbank, under the technically inappropriate name of Skimmia Fore- mani. The name was inappropriate according to Mr. Foreman's own showing, fie ga\'e the history of the plant as a cross effected by himself by the pollen of .S. fragrans out of S. oblata. Obviously then the plant had no right to a Latin specific name, and the Royal Horticultural So- ciety added one more to its many breaches of the rules laid down by itself for the proper nomen- clature of plants certificated by it. Had the plant in question been .simply called Foreman's variety, or Skimmia "F. Foreman," no rule would have been violated, no confusion could have occurred, and the record.s of botany would have been encumbered with one useless synonym the leas. Breaches of this kind are of such constant occurrence among horticulturists that they are well nigh as common, if not more so, than are the observances. Nevertheless, on principle, it is as well to raise a protest against the Society for its laxity in these matters. No blame attaches to Mr. Foreman, who, as an individual, has a right to call his plant what he chooses, the error of confirming an inappropriate name rests with the registrar — in this case, the Royal Horticultural Society. Be all this as it may, the production of Mr. Foreman's beautiful variety and the circumstances connected with it brought us a shoal of letters, and nol: a few speci- mens, among the latter being, in particular, some from Mr. Rogers, of Southampton, different from Mr. Foreman's, but not less beautiful, so far as could be judged from cut specimens. The letters and specimens revealed the usual confusion of nomenclature, made more intricate in this case by thp oirnumstance that the plants are, in 520 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Aphil 27, 1889. some instances, unisexual, in others the sexes are mixed in various ways, while different names have been applied to different sexual conditions of one and the same species. In the hope of being able to clear up some of these obscurities, we were induced to look into the history of the subject, and to examine all the specimens, living and dried, that we could lay our hands upon. We have to thank numerous corre- spondents who furnished us with specimens, and, if we do not here mention them individually, we trust they will consider the abstention arises from the same cause that induces the statement " no cards " to be appended to the public announce- ments of weddings. The history is simple enough now that it is cleared up, but the process involved a good deal more labour and research than is evident on the surface. The very first stage in the history is marked by an error on the part of two very distinguished botanists, an error which, aa it seems, might have been avoided, had the native country of the plant in question been considered. As a matter of fact, the plant universally known in gardens as Skimraia japonica, and so considered by Sir William Hooker and Dr. Lindley, is not japonica at all, and for aught we know at present, does not occur in Japan, although it is likely enough that it will eventually be found there. Next, the plant (female) described in these columns by our late friend and colleague, Mr. Thomas Moore, as Skimmia oblata, is none other than the true S. japonica of Thunberg, and later of Siebold and Zuccariui. So far we feel quite sure of our ground, and we can substantiate our opinion ; but now come certain names, such as fra- graus, fragrant issi ma, rubella, intermedia, described by Carriere, on which we hold strong opinions, but of the correctness of which we cannot in all cases offer proof. As demonstrable, then, we repeat that there are two species in gardens, the one generally called japonica, but which has no right to the name, the other oblata, which is the true japonica. As highly probable (and indeed in some cases attested by the raisers), we hold that the other names alluded to represent varieties which are either seed- lings, cross-breds, or true hybrids. In discussing these matters we may pass over the Himalayan S. laureola, which is, though nearly allied to, and often confused with, the Japanese species, distinct from it. It has a bad smell, a tender constitution, and finds no favour with culti- vators— all good reasons why we should not trouble ourselves with it here. For the rest it will be convenient to follow tlie order in which the plants were first made known. 1. Skimmia japonica, Thunhcrg (not of gardens) = S. ohlata, Moore. This is a Japanese plant, originally described by Thunberg in 1784, and subsequently by Zuccarini in Siebold and Zuccarini's Flora Japonica, t. 68 (1835). Comparisons of the fresh specimens with the figures and descriptions just cited, with the illustra- tions in Japanese books, and especially with native Japanese specimens in the herbaria, leave no doubt at all that the plant called S. oblatain English gardens is none other than the female of the true S. japonica, a species characterised by its separated sexes, its berries flattened at the top and bright red, but subject to much variation from the cross fertilisation that must inevitably ensue owing to the construction of its flowers. In fact, the evidence we now have goes to show that many of the garden varieties of these are sexual forms of this species. The fiowers of the wild Japanese plants in the herbaria are what is botanically termed " poly- gamous" or "polygamo-dicecious," which, being interpreted, means that the flowers, so far as their sexual organs are concerned, exist in several modifi- cations:— (1) hermaphrodite and male flowers may exist together on the same plant; or (2) the plant may bear male flowers only ; or (3) it may produce female flowers only. It must be remembered that a flower even if pos- sessing within the same envelope stamens and pistils, and which is consequently structurally hermaphrodite, may not necessarily be — indeed, generally is not, functionally so. The pollen is not utilised on the stigma next adjacent to it, but is conveyed by insects to the stigma of another flower, or if, as must frequently happen, it falls on its neighbouring stigma, it produces no efi*ect, because that stigma has not arrived at maturity so early as the pollen. All these facts are now well known, and they were very readily observable in the flowers of Skimmias, wild as well as cultivated, from various sources, that we have examined. In short, we have in Skimmia a very similar condition of the flowers to that of the common Holly, and it would be as reasonable to consider all the forms of Ilex aqui- folium (the common Holly) in cultivation as species, and to confer upon them corresponding specific names, as it would be to bestow the badge of the same rank on the several forms of Skimmia. Un- fortunately, in the latter case, specific names have been given to some of these "forms" before their legitimate claims were investigated, and their true nature ascertained. We use the word "form" as a convenient one, precisely because it does not predicate any particular rank. A term of this description, purposely vague, and indefinite in its application, is often a great convenience, because it asserts nothing, need mis- lead no one, and has not to be unlearned in the increased light of fuller knowledge. To show the amount of variation in the sexual characteristics, we may cite the following facts : — In twenty-six flowers taken at random from separate garden plants we found the arrangements as follows ; — In four specimens the flowers had each four stamens only ; in two, there were five stamens only ; in nine, there were four stamens and as many pistils ; in one, three imperfect stamens and four pistils ; in one, five stamens and three pistils ; in four, five stamens and four pistils; in five, live stamens and as many pistils. Of course, the number of flowers examined is much too small to afford a trustworthy average, but it is suflicient to indicate the general character of the variation. It shows, for one thing, that one character relied on to separate the Himalayan Skimmia with five, from the Japanese with four petals and stamens is of no great value. Another curious point seems to be indicated, and that is a co-relation between the vigour and size of the flower, and the reddish tint and hairy edges of their coverings, and these are precisely the flowers in wliich the pistil is more markedly developed, those, in fact, which (if duly pollinated) are the most likely to produce fine berries. The evidence for or against this co-relation requires to be more fully investigated than we have been able to do. We merely allude to it as a promising field of observation. The true S. japonica of Thunberg, was introduced from Japan by Fortune into the nurseries of Messrs. Standish and Noble, of Bagshot, and was, as we have said, named S. oblata by Mr. Moore in 1864. In the Kew herbarium are Japanese specimens of both male and female plants from Fortune, and in the same institution is a drawing, apparently made for Mr. Moore, and from which our illustration fig. 90, p. 621, has been copied. The seedling variations of this plant differ from one another in stature, in the colour, shape, and texture of their leaves, the size and degree of branching of the inflorescence (the male being generally much more branched than the female), see fig. S9, p. 521, the dimensions of the flower, the size, form, and colour of the berry, to say nothing of the sexual chiiracteristics before alluded to. 2. S. FoRTUNEi. Masters (S. japonica of Hooker, Lindley, and of gardens, not of Thunberg). This is the plant first introduced into gardens in 1849. and is distinguished from the foregoing in its origin (China, not Japan) by its dwarfer habit, lanceo- late leaves of a very dark green colour, its invariably hermaphrodite flowers, its tendency to produce berries of a dull or dark crimson-red colour and obovate form, and by its seeds pointed at both ends. It is the plant introduced by Fortune, described by Lindley, Gardeners' Chrojikle, 18o2, passim, and in Paxton's Flower Gardeti, and figured by Sir William Hooker in the Botanical Magazine in 1853, t. 4719, and from which our illustration (fig. 'Jl, p. 525) is taken. The colour of the leaves and berries \s, however, not well represented in the Magazine figure, while their size is greater than we are accustomed to. Concerning this plant, Mr. Noble has obligingly furnished us with the following reminiscence, which entirely bears out our opinion : — " Skimmia japonica (hort.) was introduced from China by Mr. Fortime, and sent over under the name Ilex spec. Honan. I am unable to give the dates [1849], but the facts I am quite certain about. Only one plant reached England alive, and grew freely after it had recovered from its voyage. When it flowered I took up a small sprig to Dr. Lindley at 21, Regent Street; he looked at the specimen, and smilingly said, ' Well, 'tis not a Holly, certainly ; * to which remark I assented. 'It is a new genus,' he continued ; * I must examine it.' I may mention that in those days a considerable amount of enthu- siasm pervaded the horticultural world, and my charge of Fortune's introductions always ensured me a welcome from Dr. Lindley. In a short time Dr. Lindley pronounced the plant to be Skimraia Laureola, a native of the Himalaya. Meantime, For- tune's plant produced crimson berries. I interviewed Dr. Lindley again, and after a few days he said, ' Your plant is quite new, and is Skimmia japonica ! ' Now comes this difficulty: If Skimmia japonica, how did Fortune get it in China, for he had at that time neverset foot in either Japan or the Himalaya? However, the plant was duly propagated and sent out, I believe, in 1852, and the presumption was that the Chinese had obtained it from Japan. I am under the impression that it was a cultivated plant when found by Fortune, but of this I cannot be quite certain ; I believe, also, that we obtained Skimmia Laureola, and grew it until it was proved to be so entirely uninteresting that it was thrown away ; at any rate I can recall nothing about it further. At that time we (Standish and Noble) had never im- ported anything from Japan or the Himalaya, and Skimmia japonica stood alone, no other species was heard of, as far as I know, and there has never been any question of sexual difficulty, but always abun- dant flowers of the sweetest description, followed by a plentiful crop of fruit. Then came Fortune's visit to Japan, and the in- troduction of Skimmia oblata, but of this I know little, as I had then separated from Standish ; I remember, however, tliat he exhibited a plant which was nicely berried, and alterwards sold plants which, I presume, were seedlings. I heard nothing of Skimmia fragrans or fragrantissima or Skimmia mascula or ftumina, nor do I think anything can be found about them in the records of that time, but I remember that soon after S. oblata had been sent out complaints were heard that it would not fruit. I was myself much disappointed, and, indeed, have never had a good specimen, so I conclude that most of the plants were seedlings which had assumed this disappointing character. I wonder if the original plant of Skimmia japonica is still alive? It was bought for five guineas by the late Mr. G. Bohn, Twickenham. To the non-scientific eyes Skimmia japonica (China) and S. oblata (Japan) seem two distinct plants, bearing about as much relationship one to the other as the ppccary and the wild hog. X have never known S. japonica (of gardens = Fortunei) fail in setting its fruit by thousands. I have never known S. oblata (the true japonica) set its fruit, except in a most fugitive way, and of the original plants purchased no two appear alike. Chas. Noble" On this letter of Mr. Noble's some comment is necessary. The resemblance of the Chinese and specially of the Japanese Skimmias to the Himalayan one is close, especially if dried specimens alone be examined, but the living plants are considerably diff-'rent, and the evil smell alone, of S. Laureola, suffices to distinguish it; indeed these differences were insisted on by Lindley and others in our columns in 1852, p. 183. As, therefore, the Chinese plant grown as japonica is not referable to that species, it AvBiL I't, 1889.J THE GA1?DENBI?S' GnBONlGLE. 521 must necessarily have a name, and we there- fore jiropose to call it y. Fortune!. "We ought to state that there is no wild specimen in the herbarium from Fortune or, indeed, from China at all, nor is it mentioned in Messrs. Forbes and Henisley's enume- ration of Chinese plants, and but for Fortune's own statement there would be no decided evidence of its Chinese origin. Fortune's own account, which has generally been overlooked, is naturally of the greatest Trnportance. It is to be found in GanL Chmn., 1852, p. 730. Here we learn from the introducer himself that he met with the plant in 1S4S in a nurserv near Shanghai, and that it was introduced to Eugland by him in 1840. The Chinese nurseryman from whom he obtained it stated that tlie plant was brought from a high mountain in the interior called Wang Shang. Fortune dilates upon the beauty and hardiness of the shrub, and its distinctiveness from New or Noteworthy Plants. BAMBUSA TESSELLATA, Munro : AND BAM- BUSA VEITCIIII, Carrien: In ray list of new, or newly recorded {:;arden plants of LSSS, published ia the Kcio Bidlctiii for this month, I have stated that Bambusa Veitchii is the same as B. tessellata. I regret to find that this is an error, into which I was led by a statement of General Munro's. In October, 1887, a type specimen of Bambusa Veitchii was brought to the Kew Herbarium from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Combe Wood Nursery ; this specimen I immediately recognised as being Fig. 89. — skimjiia japonica, seedling male foem = fbageans of gardens, (see p. 520.) S. Laureola, the Himalayan plant. Fortune's plant was exhibited at the Horticultural Society's Rooms, 21, Regent Street, on October 23, 1852, when the Knightian medal was awarded it, and the plant, in popular parlance, made a great sensation. M. T. M. (To be continued.) SKIMMIA. — Did you ever hear of a " hybrid " be- tween a bull and a cow ? If you didn't, you may see something quite as absurd in your own columns at p. 709, 1888, in which Skimmia ForemanniX is spoken of as a " cross ' between S. fragrans and S. oblata ! I thought every tyro in gardening knew that these were the two sexes of one plant. I have grown the two together for the last ten years, and you have actually figured the resultant berries in your own columns ! So much for this " welcome addition I" And the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, too ! Proh pudor ! identical with specimens collected by Mr. Maries and Mr. Bisset in Japan. To Mr. Bisset's specimen Gen. Munro has appended the following note :— " Bisset's 1254 is Arundinaria kurilensis, Rupr., and my memoir, p. 17, also Schmidt Reisen. in Amut'- laiide, p. 198. As, however, I find that the flowers contain six stamens, it must be removed to Bam- busa. It is, I believe, Bambusa tessellata, Munro, Monogr. 110 = B. reticulata var. macrophylla of Ruprecht = B. Ragamowski of gardens, and I think very probably B. senanensis, Franchet and Savatier, p. 182." On another specimen of this plant, received from the St. Petersburg Herbarium, and named Arundinaria kurilensis, Rupr., var. paniculata. General Munro has written, " Perhaps Bambusa senanensis, Franch. and Savatier, and B. tes- sellata, Munro ; and B. Ragamowski of gardens." From the above, I was led to believe that as General Munro Iiad himself thought the plant to be the same as his B. tessellata, I was justified in referring it to that species, althougli at the time 1 could not find Munro's own specimen of 15. tesselhita. Now, how- ever, a specimen from his herbarium, naniL-d by him- self B. tessellata, is laid in the Kew Herbarium; this specimen is not the type of IS. tessellata (which was founded on some leaves of a Bamboo used by the Chinese lor packing Tea in), but is from a plant cul- tivated as B. Ragamowski. Some leaves of the Bamboo which the Chinese use for packing certain kinds of Tea in, have, however, been procured, and these seem to be identical with the specimen of B. Ragamowski named by Munro B. tessellata, and also with B. Ragamowski as grown at Kew ; they also agree admirably with the original description of B. tessellata. On comparing B. Ragamowski with B. 'Veitohii, there can be no doubt that they are two distinct species, and that General Munro was in error in supposing Mr. Bisset's plant, and Arundinaria kuri- lensis, Rupr. var. paniculata, Schm. (which are cer- tainly the same as B. Veitchii), to be the same as B. tessellata (B. Ragamowski). I have seej no flowering specimen of B. tessellata neither had General Munro, so far as I can discover, so that the genus of this plant is as yet only con- jectural, and I do not find any mention of it under the name of B. Ragamowski in Riviere's Les Bamhoiis. Of B. Veitchii, however, there are several flower- ing specimens in the Kew herbarium, and I find, on dissecting them, that whilst the stamens are gene- rally six in number, yet in three flowers (buds) I found only five stamens, and in one bud only four stamens. These were probably exceptional cases, for there can be little doubt that six is the usual number of stamens for this plant. But although this character taken alone would place this plant in the genus Bambusa, yet the general cha- racter of the infiorescence is not at all like that of Bambusa, but is exactly the same as that of Arundinaria, to which genus, in spite of the character of the six stamens, I believe this plant should be referred, as has already been done by Schmidt. It appears to me, however, that it ought scarcely to be considered as a variety of A. kuri- lensis, as the leaves are so much broader and more distinctly tessellated, and the inflorescence has much longer peduncles, and is much more lax, the branches of the panicle being longer, the spikes narrower and somewhat linear, and not " oblong-obovate " as de- scribed for typical A. kurilensis ; the S])ikelets also appear to be smaller, and not so closely placed to each other. Taking all these differences into consideration, I think this plant should be held as specifically distinct from A. kurilensis, I would therefore propose for it the name of Arundinaria Veitchii. From this point of view the synonymy of the two plants concerned in this note will be as follows :— Bambusa tessellata, Munro, in Transactions of tho Linnean Society, vol. 26, p. 110 (1868). B. Ragamowski, Wheeler, in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1876, vol. 6, p. 847 ; see also vol. 7, p. 50 (1877). Arundo Ragamowski, Lambert, MSS. ex Wheeler in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1876, vol. 6, p. 847. Native of China. Arundinaria Veitchii, N. E. Brown. A. kurilensis, Rupr. var. paniculata, Schmidt, Reisen iiii Amnrlande, p. 198. Bambusa Veitchii, Carriere, in Ecvue Horticole, 1888, p. 90. B. jjalmata, Hort. Latoar-Marliac. Native of Japan and Sachalin Isles. With respect to Bambusa senanensis, Franchet and Savatier {^Enumeratio Planfarum in Japonia sponte crescenfiiim, vol. ii., pp. 182 and 606), I am unable to refer it to either of the above satisfactorily, as I have not seen an authentic specimen, and can only judge of it by the description, which does not seem exactly to accord with the Kew specimens of the above plants. Mention is made of a variety albo- marginata, Franch. and Sa.at., which may possibly belong to Arundinaria Veitchii; but this is purely conjectural. N, E, Brown, Herbarium, Kew. 522 TEE GARDENisnS' CUttONtCLE, tAi^BiL 27, 18g9» THE DAFFODIL ROT. Mr C. Wolley Dod's letter on the above subject, at p 459. while coni^t^ying the reverse of good tidings for loverti of Datfudiis generally, also teaches a valu- able leesjn, which is, never to plant Daffodils ou cold, heavy, badly drained soils— without doubt the worst that can possibly be selected for many other things of a bulbous character besides Daffodils. Happily I have no knowledge, at present, of the disease referred to, which seems to be of a rather exceptional n:'.ture, and for which Mr. Walker's system of annuj.1 lifting might appear the best pre- ventive. Has Mr. Dod ever tried planting the diseased bulb3 — I mean such as are only slightly affected— on very sandy soils? This, with annual or biennial lifting, aud the addition of an abundance of burnt earth to the existing soil, might lessen the evil, which appears to have its foundation, in the soil. I have known pallidus precox from the Pyrenees disappear in a rather mysterious manner after three years' standing in one soil ; but in this case the bulbs have become less by degrees, and npon examination proved to be wasting rapidly, and to be probably but one half the size as when planted. Galanthus Elwesi disappears in the same mysterious manner in some soils. Since reading Mr. Dod's remarks I have had a search among our Daffodils, and have examined a few that have distorted stems, premature buds, or discoloured leaves, but in each esse the bulbs have been perfectly sound, and have an abundance of healthy roots ; but whether anything more serious would have resulted had these bulbs remained undis- turbed I cannot say. One thing, however, appears obvious, that the bulbs so affected could not possibly perfect the same healthy bulb and flower for another year, as might have been expected from healthy vigorous foliage. The kind thus affected was the double form of Telamonius, though it would appear to have no relation to the disease to which Mr. Dod refers. In our case the foliage is yellow, the dis- coloured portion extending only to just beneath the Burfice of the soil. While searching for any signs of disease I found some leaves evidently attacked in a similar manner, but in a more advanced stage, thickly net with a dull coloured powder, which floated in the air upon being touched. Anntht»r form of disease which affects a great many Diffodils is a dry-rot, which makes its appear- ance after the bulbs are lifted and dried, and which extend-t to even the commonest kinds in a greater or less degree, while E uperor, Einprei-f, SreUa, Prin- cep>*. Ard Ri^h. and Spurius. generally suffer most ; but these, if detected in time, and planted imme- diately, the bulbs are saved, and mostly always recover quickly. Its cause also is still unexplained, though samples have been sent to experts on the C'->ntiDent and at home. The principal symptoms are a brown, dry, decayed base at first, which if left alone becomes soft and rotten, in which case they are best burnt out of the way. It would be interesting to know whether in Mr. Dod's case the Daffodil rot is more severe than usual this spring; if so, the cold sunless season of 1888 may have bad something to do with it, as many Daffodils last year were tardy to ripen at all. J. Last week I wrote to complain of the Daffo- dil rot, which had attacked, and nearly destroyed, certain varieties of Ajax Daffodils at Edge. I now draw attention to one or two special features of the present flowering season, which, I think, ought to be placed on record. All the Incomparabilis section are flowering remarkably well. I attribute this to the cross of N. poeticus which they contain. All the varieties of Narcissus poeticus like strong moist Bdil, and suffer in 6tj seasons. Not only are the flowers of the Incomparabilis kinds unusually large and healthy, but the orange tint of the crown, which is 60 desirable a feature in some of the varieties, is more conspicuous this season than I have ever seen it, extending in some varieties to the very base of the crown. I have a great many of the earliest introductions of what are called Leeds varieties, though I have lost the names of some. I can under- take, however, to say that some varieties which before have never shown any tint of orange in the crown — at least, in my garden — are this year brightly coloured with orange. It has been generally thought when the varieties which usually show orange in the crown have failed to do so, that the failure was owing to want of sun, either in the ripening season or the flowering season; but last season we all know to have been the worst ripening season for many years, and for the last three weeks we have hardly seen the sun until yesterday (April 18). It would be interesting to know whether this preva- lence of orange crowns has been observed in other gardens. Here it is not confined to one or two situations, but appears everywhere. A Daffodil called Nelsoui aurantius, which when first intro- duced had an orauge crown, a'"terivards disappointed many gardeners. I do not think I have this kind here, but perhaps some one can tell us whether it has recovered its colour. Some other Daffodils are flowering this year better than ever before. One of them is Queen Anne's Daffodil, called Capax, or Eystettensis ; another is the citrou-coloured Hoop Petticoat. Both of these I have iu many parts of the garden, so that the circumstance is due to season, aud not to soil or situation. The Oporto white Triandrus, of which I have had for four seasons many clumps under a south wall, is also flowering very well. It is perhaps worth while to mention these results, after the very unfavourable weather of 1888 during the early sum- mer, which is thought to be the critical time upon which the flowering of the next spring chiefly depends. C. Wolley Dod, Edijr. Hall. MR. WILSON'S GARDENS AT WEYBRIDGE AND WISLEY. It is nine years since I had the pleasure of spend- ing an entire day with Mr. Wilson in his gardens, and a record of that visit was published in the Gardeners' Chr07iicle,vo\.x\v., n.s., p. 10. At that time I fancy the old garden at Gishurst Cottage was more cared for than it is now. An arrangement of rocks and stones had been made for hardy rock plants ; now the stones are moss-grown — indeed, there are traces of age all over the place. The famous orchard-house trees have aged decidedly; many of them remind one of those queer old gnarled trees one sees in some Japanese drawings ; but they have done good service iu past years, and at the time of ray visit many were in blossom, others were bristling with fruit buds. The orchard-house is light and airy, and the trees are close to the roof, and they will undoubtedly be furnished as usual with a plentiful crop of fruit. At the extreme end of the garden a bank of evergreen shrubs has been planted, and a large bed of Pernettyas, which have made wonderful growths, and will require to be replanted again soon, so as to give the plants more space. These plants have showy fruits, which are conspicuous during the autumn and winter months, when the bushes are full of white, rose, purplish, scarlet, black, and other coloured berries. The old garden would not be itself without the Lilies. A number of the best species and varieties are still grown in pots in the Lily-house ; but the most remarkable examples of Lily culture are those growing in a wood adjoining the garden. Surely no such plants are to be seen elsewhere as those in the six large beds in the Pine wood. The old stems are there to testify to their robustness, some being as thick as walking canes, and one had a height of 11 feet. The question may well be asked, How is Lilium auratum grown to obtain such remark- able results ? The old soil has been dug out to a depth of 5 feet, and the beds for the bulbs have been made up with good loam, leaf-mould, and peat, and the soil is quite free and porous, so that the feet sink into it. The old stems are left uncut, and the ground is thickly covered with the leaves of Oak and other trees. The strong shoots are now pushing up through this covering, a large proportion of the old stems still remaining. Mr. Wilson obtained his gardening experience at first hand, preferring the teaching of Nature to any other. The tree leaves form the best of all coverings, and the old stems naturally gather and retain them about the latter and over the spot where the bulb lays. Gardeners have not, as a rule, patience to wait until the stems of such plants as Lilies decay before they cut them down or pull them out of the bulb, aud this last method is the worst, as a hole is left iu the soil and in the bulb itself, into which the rain aud melting snow find an entrance, causing perhaps decay. In the " wild garden '" at Wisley, Lilies form also a great feature, and, as at Weybridge, they are left iu the same place year after year. L. Hansoni seems to be one of the most vigorous species, as it is also one of the most distinct aud handsome. The straiu of Primulas grown here is well known, and they are found in thousands and of all colours. Blue colours in Primulas are the most diflicult to obtain, and the purplish-blue Scott Wilson, one of the first, was obtained many years since, and was the first decided break in this direction. It is now surpassed by another — Alice Wilson — whose colour is a kind of deep blue, the centre being yellow. There are some beautiful varieties of the Primrose of the Polyanthus type, with rich, orange-yellow flowers — pretty forms, which have been selected from the thousands which are raised yearly from seed. These selected ones are planted by them- selves, and from these again the next group of seedlings is obtained, and another progressive step made. Auriculas seem to grow almost as well as the Primroses in the wild garden — the alpines par- ticularly ; but some of them have not yet taken kindly to their new home. It takes time to find out the right position for each particular species ; some of them, like our own Bird's-eye Primrose, succeed best on spongy bog, others on dry mountain loam ; and in respect to soil and situation for particular plants, Mr. Wilson is accumulating a mass of useful information, which must be of great future value to him. For instance, a species of Gentian had been planted close to the side of the water, another plant of the same further removed, and one more still further up the bank. The plant farthest removed from the water was the healthiest. The charming little species, G. bavarica, was growing almost in the water, and was well established there. The distinct and beautiful varieties of G. acaulis, collected by Mr. Scott Wilson in Switzerland, have also become well established, and if seeds can be obtained from them, more of the same class might be obtained. The varieties of Hepatica triloba, red, white, and blue, do well on the let-alone system. The soil and ■ position of the plants in the wild garden seem to I suit them admirably. The double blue has estab- 1 lished itself firmly, and some of its clumps were producing numerously, large flowers. The double red will grow in any garden; not so the double blue, which will always be a scarce plant. There are raauy varieties of the single Hepatica, espe- cially the pale blue. The plan of planting a genus of plants, com- posed of many species, on mounds of earth and rock is a good one. Here, for instance, is a well con- trived habitat for the Dianthus family; another position has been selected for Saxifragas, another for Cyclamens, &c. All, or nearly all, of these plants do best in sunny spots, but the Saxifrage? are likely to suffer in hot weather in summer, if they do not get a good supply of water at the roots. Indeed, this applies to all alpine plants ; even the succulent Sedums will give the best results, if grown in moist soil. Daphne Blagayana was very pretty, being in full flower. The masses of Chionodoxa Luciliro, and the variety sardensis, were very lovely ; so also were the various species and varieties of Scilla. Siayrin- I Apbil iT, 1889.1 THE GAIWENEBS' CHRONICLE. 523 cbium gramliBoruin. purple, ami the pure white form of it, are charmius border flowers at about tlie euil of Marcli or early ia April. Jlr. "Wilson is also tr^'iu};^ some half-hardy plauts iu tiie wild garden, amongst them Iris fimbriata. Todea superba was in capital condition, under a slight glass protection ; and protected by slabs ot rock, some Ferns, usually grown in hothouses, had passed safely through the winter, amongst them Pteris serrulata, Adiantum cuneatum, and Lygo- dium palmatum. A great feature here in July and August must be the masses of the Iris Kaenipferi planted close to tlie margin of the water. It may be observed, too, that the old leaves of these plants are best left alone, for the new ones will push through them, and if they are cut oft" in the spring it is not easy to avoid mutilating the young growing leaves. J. D. Plant Notes. PKOTEA NANA. This is one of the prettiest of the Proteas, and it is now in flower in the Cape-house at Kew. It is 15 inches high, and has numerous branches clothed with linear I'ine-like leaves, 1 inch long and bristle- tipped. The flower-heada are terminal, nodding, cup-shaped, and 2^ inches across ; they are composed of small imbricating scales at the base, the upper ones larger, and forming the cup, which encloses the pappus-like cluster of flowers ; the colour is deep crimson. There is a figure of this species in Smith'^ Exotic Botany, vol. i., t. 44, which was published in 1804, where, however, it is called P. rosacea. It does not a])pear to have been well known in the early days of this century, when Proteas were favourite garden plants in England, and of which numerous figures are found in the Botanical Mai/a-inc and Andrew's Botanical Repository, published during that period. Altogether about twenty-five species were in cultivation, and that they were mostly really beautiful plants may be seen by a glance at the plates in the volumes in question. They are scarcely known now in English gardens, but at Kew there are half-a-dozen species to be found, and the largest flowered of these, viz., P. cynaroides, will be in flower at Kew shortly. Host of the Proteas are as easy to grow as the Camellia ; they may be propagated from cuttings, and they flower annually ; besides this they last in bloom for several months. P. speciosa, with large cups 4 inches long, com- posed of brown bracts margined with black and fringed with tufts of white silky hairs ; P. latifolia, equally large, but coloured rose-red, with a con- spicuous fringe of white hairs ; P. pulchella, P. canaliculata, and P. virgata would create a sensation if some one conld show them in flower at one of the meetings of the Horticultural Society. They are all natives of South Africa, where P. mellifera is known as the sugar or honey plant, owing to the copious secretion of honey-like nectar found in the flower- heads. W. W. Droseha cistifloea. Whatever popularity Droseras have in gardens is due to their wonderful insectivorous propensities, and not to any particular floral or foliar beauty. There is of course the beauty of adaptability in the character and structure of the foliage for the pur- pose of attracting, trapping, and practically devour- ing insects, all of which is described and explained in Darwin's Insect ii-yrous Plants. In Drosophyllum we have a plant with pleasing yellow flowers, but owing to its "miftiness" under cultivation, one rarely meets with it. But the last addition to culti- vated Droseras Is a really beautiful flowering plant, and as it appears to be as easy to cultivate as D. capensis and the other Cape species it promises to become a valuable addition to greenhouse herbaceous plants. Miss North, to whose travels and insight we are indebted for many very fine new garden plants such as, for instance. Nepenthes Northiana, Boronia heterophylla, Protea cynaroides, &c., has also been instrumental in bringing this Drosera under the notice of English horticulturists. Her picture of it in the gallery at Kew caused great excitement and some doubt among those who saw it and knew some- thing of Capt- Droseras. But Miss North had dried specimens to show, as well as the picture, and tliere was no getting over these. Shortly afterwards seeds were obtained, but these, although they germinated freely, did not come to anything. Then Jliss North procured roots nf the plant, and these after about a year's treatment have develojied into flowering ]dants, one of which was sent to Kew in bud, and is now in flower. Jliss North had desired the plant to be exhibited at the last meeting of the Koyal Horti- cultural Society, but unfortunately the flower was not then open. An illustration has been pre- pared (ot ih& Botanical Mayaz inc. "Drosera cisti- flora, Linn., as far surpasses our native species in the size and colour of tlie flowers, as our culti- vated Pelargoniums do their wild ancestors in South Africa. On the other hand the foliage ia so like that of our long-leaved species as to be apparent to the most casual observer." This is the catalogue note to the picture painted by Miss North. In another picture a white-fiowered variety of D. ascitiflora is represented. It is a little surprising that a plant which appears to be common enough at the Cape should have remained practically unknown so long. Burman, in his curious old book on African plants, published in 1738, has a poor figure of this Drosera, and apparently this is the only publicity the plant has had. The specimens in the Kew Herbarium have not more than a single flower on each stem, but in Barman's picture there are two. The plant now at Kew, which Miss North has pre- sented to the gardens, is 5 inches high, has ten leaves each 2 inches long by one-eighth of an inch broad, and covered with short reddish glandular hairs, as in D. capensis. The flower-stalk is erect, 1\ inch long, and the flower is cup-shaped, nearly 2 inches across, the five petals being obovate, con- cave, dent.ate on the upper edges, an inch long, and five-eighths of an inch broad. Their colour is bright poppy-scarlet. The stamens are short and clustered in the centre of the flower, the anthers being yellow. The stigmas are somewhat remark- able; there are six of them, and each has a thin hair-like stalk half an inch long, curved downwards on to the petal, the branched apex pressing hard and springy ; they are grass-coloured. The flower closes in the evening and in dull weather. The development of a large bright-coloured Drosera in a region like the Cape, where the other species of Drosera have small unattractive flowers, is a question for those naturalists who delight in finding a reason for everything. Horticulturists will find most pleasure in cultivating the plant for the sake of its beautiful flowers. W. W. R.WC.VCULUS COUTDS.'EFOHOS. A gigantic Crowfoot, from the Canary Islands, with long-stalked, and slightly hairy-cordate leaves — from 15 to 18 inches in diameter, by about 12 inches from the cordate base to the apical lobe -they are three to five cleft, or lobed, the segments being deeply toothed, and incised. The flower-stem leaves are much smaller, nearly stalkless, and not so deeply cut as the radical ones. The inflorescence is a much branched corymbose head of bright yellow flowers, thirty or more in number, and rising over 3 feet high. The flowers are typical of the order, five small sepals alternating with the five petals which are large and spreading, slightly cuneate and crenate at the apex, also a deep notch on the side of many of the petals — a clear shiny yellow, with the glisten- ing appearance characteristic of the common Crow- foots ; they are about 3 inches in diameter, and sweetly fragrant, and when the sun is on the plant its fragrance can easily be detected several yards away — indeed, so powerful is it, that a single specimen is capable of perfuming a moderately large greenhouse. The plant is said to be a native of Tenerifl'e, and consequently it is not likely to be quite hardy in this country, but no doubt slight protection either outside or in a frame would be sufficient. The sub- ject of this note is growing in a 10 inch pot in a greenhouse, and was received from Lord Harrowby —who some half-dozen years ago, collected the plant in Madeira, and since then he has cultivated it in his gardens at Landon, Stone, Staft'ordshire. To those that are fond of interesting plants this giant Crowfoot has much to recommend it, and its cultural requirements are few. After flowering, keep the plant well supplied with water, to ripen the seeds and to encourage the young growths; in summer the ])Iants are best placed out-of-doors, and any )iotting required should then be done, and for that purpose any loamy soil will be suitable. Very possibly the plant may be in other gardens in this country, and it would be interestingtoknow whether it has proved hardy or not. F. Boss. NITROGEN OF VEGETATION. Hating considered in a previous article (p. 269) Sir J. Lawes' and Professor J. H. Gilbert's evidence by direct experiment as to whether the higher plants or soils by the agency either of micro-organisms or otherwise, flx the free nitrogen of the atmosphere, we pass on to consider the various modes of expla- nation adduced. Gains of Nitrogen. (a.) That combined nitrogen has been absorbed from the air, either by the soil or by the plant. (Ik) That there is fixation of free nitrogen within the soil by the agency of porous and alkaline bodies. (c.) That there is fixation by the plant itself. (d.) That there is fixation within the soil by the agency of electricity. (c.) And, finally, that there is fixation under the influence of micro-organisms within the soil. The balance of evidence recorded is considered, however, by the authors to be undoubtedly in favour of the last-mentioned mode of explanation, and that unless there be experimental error, it is pretty clear that there is fixation in the soil, under the influence of micro-organisms or other low forms. Losses of Nitrogen. Much of the investigation that has been under- taken in recent j-ears has been instigated by the assumption that there must exist natural compensa- tion for the losses of combined nitrogen, which the soil suffers by the removal of crops, and for the losses which result from the liberation of free nitrogen from its combinations under various cir- cumstances. The loss by cropping, under the usual conditions of more or less full periodical return by manure, is estimated by the authors to be about 20 lb. per acre. The loss by drainage, however, is much greater, and in some cases considerable. There may also, under some circumstances, be loss from the soil bv the evolution of free nitrogen. Such loss may take place in the manure heap, or in soil very heavily manured, as in market gardening. But in ordinary agriculture such excessive m inuring seldom takes place. Loss may also take place when the soil is deficiently aerated. But the balance of evidence is ag.ainst the supposition that there is a constant and considerable loss by the evolution of free nitrogen from arable soils, which are only moderately rich in organic nitrogen, and which are fairly drained, either naturally or artWicially. A COMI'ENS.ITION Foil SoiL ExHAtJSTIO.V. Whether we consider, say Lawes and Gilbert, the facts of agriculture generally, or confine our atten- tion to special cases under known experimental conditions, the evidence does not favour the sup- position that a balance is maintained by the restoration of nitrogen from the large store of it existing in the free state in the atmosphere. Further, our original soil-supp'ies of nitrogen are, as a rule, due to the accumulations by natural vege- tation, with little or no removal, over long periods 524 TUB GAIiDENEBS' CHBONIGLR [AtBiL 2/, 188Pi of time ; or, as in the case of many deep subsoils, the nitrogen is largely due to vegetable and animal remains, intermixed with the mineral deposits. The agricultural production of the present age is, in fact, so far as its nitrogen is concerned, mainly dependent on previous accumulations; and, as in the case of the use of coal for fuel, there is not coincident and corresponding restoration, so in that of the use or waste of the combined nitrogen nf the soil, there is not evidence of coincident and corre- sponding restoration of nitrogen from the free to the combined state. In the case of agricultural production for sale, without restoration by manure from external sources, a very important condition of the maintenance of the amount of nitrogen in the surface soil, or of the diminished exhaustion of it, is the growth of plants of various ranges and characters of roots, and espe- cially of leguminous crops. Such plants, by their crop-residue, enrich the surface soil in nitrogen. It is, as a rule, those of the most powerful ro:)t- development that take up the most nitrogen from somewhere ; and this fact points to a subsoil source. But independently of this, which obviously might be held to be only evidence of the necessity of obtain- ing water and mineral matters from below, in amount commensurate with the capability of acquiring nitrogen from the air, the experimental results at Rothamsted can leave little doubt that such plants obtain, at any rate, much of their nitrogen, from the subsoil. Inherent Fertility of Soils. Bearing in mind, however, the very large store of already existing combined nitrogen, especially in subsoils, it is important to consider in what way or in what degree this store may contribute to chloro- phyllous vegetation ? There is, in the lirst place, the question whether the roots of some plants, and especially those of certain deep and powerfully rooting Leguminosse, whose root-sap is strongly acid, may either directly take up organic nitrogen from the soil and subsoil, or may attack and liberate it for further change, the nitrogen so becoming more available. Again, so far as is known, the fungi generally derive their nitrogen largely, if not exclusively, from organic nitrogen. In the case of those of fairy rings, for example, there can be no doubt that they take up the soil organic nitrogen, which is not available to the meadow plants, and that, on their decay, their nitrogen becomes available to the asso- ciated herbage. In the case of the fungus-covering observed by Professor Frank on the roots of certain trees, it is to be supposed that the fungus takes up organic nitrogen, and so become the medium of the supply of the soil-nitrogen to the tree. More perti- nent still is the action of the nitrifying organisms in rendering the organic nitrogen of the soil and sub- soil available to the higher plants. It may well be supposed, therefore, that there may be other cases in which lower organisms bring the organic nitrogen of the soil and subsoil into a more available condition, whilst it seems not improbable that the growth and crop-residue of certain plants favour the development and action of special organisms. J. J. Willis, Har- penden. cultivator of these is rapid root growth, not only in, but through and over the surface of the compost. Give me a few roots run over the surface and frequent top-dressings, and I will almost ensure rapid and profitable production in long sue- best and the most profitable. Hence the vital im- portance of the inquiry, whether fresh or ripe — that is, mellow soil — fosters and feeds root-growth the most, and this soonest. Science and practice agree in answering, ripe or mellow soil. The feeding FRESH SOIL AND SODS FOR CUCUMBERS. The rage for maiden Boil is at times and in places carried to great excess. Early in March the writer saw a house planted with Cucumbers. The loam that formed the major portion of the compost was BO full of sod that the grass had smothered the young Cucumber pliints, the latter looking rather poor and needy under and among the long grass. Examining the roots somewhat closely, those o( the Cucumbers were conspicuous by their absence, while the roots of the grass seemed to possess the surface of the inverted sods. Thus the freshness of the loam seemed to defeat the purpose of the Cucumber grower. The first object of the most successful i'lO. 00.— SKlMjilA jArONtCA, Ft!*i.lLE = OBLAT.V Ol' GAHDENS I COPIED t'BOM A DR.\WING MADE I'ROM THE PLANT AS FIE3T EXHIBITED : DERBIES DRIOHr nED, LEAVES TALE YELLOWISH-OBEEN. (sEE P. 520.) cession of tender, sweet Cucumbers ; but apart from roots, and especially surface ones, produce becomes problematical or scarce. If this be so — and no experienced Cucumber-grower will controvert it — it follows, as a matter of course, that the soil or compost that favours root productioa the most will prove the c.lpacities of most soils or composts is in the inverse ratio of their freshness, and for this all-suflicient reason — tliat plants cannot absorb either fresh soils or ranl< manures. Decomposition is the only key that can unlock the myriad storehouses of plant- food laid up by Nature and provided by art. Tliers April 27, 1889.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 525 are few more ample, or better tilled with plant food, than our wide fields of maiden loams. But while in their natural state they may be able to support good crops of grass or grow sweet hay more or less abundantly, if it is desired to concentrate their it in such changed forms that the living roots of Cucumbers and other plants may be able to absorb and convert it into their own substance and products. All this seems to have been better understood by our fathers than by the present race of cultivators. Fio. 91. — skimmia'foetcsei japonica of gaedens : leaves daek-qeeen (see p. 520,) BEBRIE9 SULt CEIMS02t, foods into a limited area within a short period of time, science and experience would alike suggest that some previous cooking or preparation may be needed. The best, cheapest, and simplest of all preparations is the lapse of time, to enable partial and slow decomposition to set the plant-food free, and present Doubtless, many of the old gardeners carried the practice of compost-making to ridiculous extremes ; their mixtures were far too complicated, their con- stituent parts absurdly multiplied, and their mixings and compoundings tt:o numerous ; but the principle that underlies their emjiirical mixtures— and com- poundings— was sound and philosophical. It may be briefly deseriljed in a sentence, thus the ripening and enriching of plant food to such a degree and in such modes as to render a maximum amount of it available for any given crop in the shortest possible time. Seldom or never did the crops of our forefathers perish within sight and smell of rich stores of plant- food, while that food was preparing for their use. The compost heaps were to them what the fires and stew-pans are to the cooks in the kitchen. They brought tlie food into such tempting chemical and mechanical conditions, that the plants perforce and from choice could not do otherwise than at once eat abundantly and be filled tlierehy. No doubt a good many of the old composts were too rich and overcharged with a plethora of food. Almost my first recollections of a compost heap was one formed bread-and-butter fashion'; thus, two- thirds of turfy loam, the turves being 3 inches thick, sandwiched with one-third of cowdung. This after being stirred for two years, formed a stingo compost for the rapid growth of Cucumbers. Melons, Grapes, Pine-apples, and many other plants. Now in such stimulating food or dressings plants ran no risk of semi-starvation which they often do, even though being grown in soils and manures too fresh to be utilised as food. Some years ago I was called in to advise in a case of striking failure in the growth of Cucumber culture by express. Everything at first sight favoured suc- cess. Heat, moisture, general treatment seemed all that could be desired. But just as the fruit bloomed they seemed to be smitten with a sort of withering blight, and made little or any more progress. After careful investigation it was found that the fresh loam was incapable of supporting the plants under the unusual strain of express culture, though top dressings of Melon composts, frequent waterings of liquid manure, formed by soot and fowl's dung, and a drop of temperature from 8.5° to 05° furnished the plants with sufficient food, and gave them more time to utilize it. With more food in an im- mediately available form, and more time for its as- similation, the plants recovered their lost vigour, and gradually attained to abnormal fertility. Long before these fresh supplies of food were exhausted, decomposition had tapped the reserved mercurial forces of the maiden loam — and the plants and their products were as it were doubly fed — with the happy results of enormous crops throughout the season. Fresh maiden soils were doubtless the natural rebound from antiquated composts, hoary with age, close in texture, and crammed all too fully with an excess of over-rich foods. While there is no desire to return to these, the question may well be considered — whether more satisfactory results might not often be reaped in less time were our plant- foods applied in more immediately available con- ditions. It is not enough that the food and the plants are brought together. The more vital ques- tion is, can the plants absorb or assimilate the food in crude form presented to it. In many cases they cannot, and while the food is preparing the plants are starving, as was the case with the Cucumber plants referred to. To say that most of us would starve in the presence of raw meat and uncooked vegetables is greatly to understate the case. For most of us would, and all could, eat these, and also assimilate enough to keep us alive. But plants are physically and structurally incapacitated for the absorption or utilization of rank food until it is mellowed by age or prepared for their use by decom- position. S. T. F. LYCASTE. — An excellent article on these plants accompanied by a coloured illustration of L. Skin- neri var. delicatissima, is given in the current number of the Hevtte de I' Horticulture Beige, It is the work of Count De Kerchove. who passes in review the several species, and their appropriate method of culture. 526 THE GABDENEBS' GHBONICLE. [April 27, 1889. INDOOR AQUATIC PLANTS. (Continued from p. J92.) Nyjiph.^as. — These are very accommodating: plants, anj may be grown ia any plant stove in small pots plunged in fresh water ; indeed, even where there is a regular aquatic house, pots are to be preferred for them to planting them out, as they flower more freely, and ripen their tubars better. In tropical Nymph:cj,3 we get many colours, varying in shades from white, red, blue, and yellow. The two best yellows are found in N. flava, a North American species, with neat, rather small flowers and foliage ; it is tolerably hardy, and to flower it well the offsets, which it gives otf in abundance, should be kept picked off; it is a plant difficult to keep over the winter, not going so completely to rest as some others. X. marliacea chromatella is a recent intro- duction ; it has a bolder flowir than flava, but it is only yellowish in colour. Of white forms there are many in cultivation, viz., N. Lotus, N. 1. dentata, one of the freest, both in growing and flowering ; N. ampla and N'. thermalis are desirable species. Of reds there are N. 1. rubra, N. Devoniensis x , and N. kewensis x . In blues there are a great many species, varying considerably in depth of colour. One of the most striking is N. gigaatea, which is said to produce leaves in its native habitat (the Australian lagoons) nearly 2 feet across. I have never heard of them approaching to that size in this country, but it is a very distinct and desirable species. Moreover, it opens its flowers in the day, and closes them at night ; thus it behaves similarly to our hardy N. alba. And as the opposite of most of the tropical species, which close in the daytime, and open only at night, or in very dull weather ; N. Daubeneyanax beliaves in a similar manner. N. stellata is a free growing blue, with many fine varieties, of which are N. s. cyanea and N. s. zan- zibarensis, with its reddish-blue flowers— a splendid variety, N. scutifolia differing but little from stellata, unless it be in the slightly larger flowers. Nymphicas are easily raised from seeds, which should be sown early in the season, and where there is the convenience of a warm tank, flowering plants may be raised in one season, but unless in raising new sorts it is unnecessary to trouble with seedlings, as tubers are generally produced in plenty. In start- ing the tubers in spring we have frequently potted them in small pots, and transferred them to their flowering pots later on, with e.xcellent results. The system is useful where there is only a limited space of heated water. A rich loamy compost suits them admirably ; and should greenfly put in an appearance, fumigation with tobacco must be done. Keep the plants well syringed. Another interesting stove aquatic is Eichornea azurea (see Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 16, Vol. xxv., 1886), a beautiful plant, producing spikes of lovely blue flowers from the axils of the leaves of the stem or floating leafy rhizome. As growth is rapid, and as the flowers come only near the growing point, it is often a necessity to shorten back the plants, which is easily done by cutting oil' the points of the shoots and repotting the plants in 3:J's. It will flower well for about five months. A plant very similar in flower but very diflerent in habit is Pontederia cras- sipes (see Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 113, vol. xxv,, 1886). The inflated leaf-stalks float the plant, evidently with the object of enabling it to travel in search of nutriment, for when it is planted in soil the swollen leaf-stalk disappears, and if the con- ditions— temperature, light, &c., are favourable, the plant will flower. It is easily propagated from the offsets, which are freely produced. Other interesting small floating aquatics are Trianiea bogotensis, with its thick inflated leaves arranged in little rosettes ; the Water Lettuce (Pistia Btratiotes) has leaves in erect rosettes, 3 to 5 inches long and 2 to 3 inches broad, light green and cuneate ; Azolla pinnata. a minute floating plant, which, when grown in a cool temperature, assumes a nice red colour, may be grown in any water-tank out-of- doors. These last three increase freely from ottsets, and are very useful for furnishing small aquaria. Their flowers are inconspicuous. Salvinia natans is perhaps the most curious of these small aquatics, the two flattened leafy-like processes have a peculiar punctated appearance, rendering the plant very dissimilar; its reproduc- tion is somewhat different to the others, in summer it grows and multiplies freely enough — vegelatively — but on the approach of winter it produces spores, and the plant dies; when the spores are getting mature tlie plants should be put in shallow pans, filled about half full of loam, so that when the plant dies the spores will remain in the soil, which must be kept moist in winter. These on being intro- duced to heat and moisture in spring germinate, and the plant for a time goes on again multiplying itself. Another very pretty, nearly hardy aquatic, with slender trailing stems, thickly covered with finely divided feathery-like leaves — is Myriophyllum pro- serpinaloides. It is easily propagited from cuttings inserted in the ordinary way — in small pots, and s'o )d in water it will soon make nice decorative masses. There are many other aquatics well worth including in a full collection — but the plants mentioned are amongst the most distinct. A plant of recent in- troduction— Sagittaria montevidensis — is well worth growing where space can be afforded it. It some- what resembles a gigantic form of our native Arrow- head. F. R. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CVPRIPEDIUM VILLOSUM, Liiidt. rar. AUREUM. A SPLENDID form of this variety is now in flower in the collection of Mr. Tautz, Studley House, Shepherd's Bush. The flower is not so large as it sometimes is, but the colour appears to me brighter and clearer than usual. The upper sepal is of a bright light greenish-yellow, veined with reddish- brown at the base and with a narrow white border. The petals are bright golden yellow, the upper longi- tudinal half being stained with light purplish-brown, and having a darker purple-brown midline. The lip and staminode tire entirely of a bright yellow. All the colours are very bright and clear. N, E. B, Phaius macctlatos. Regarded as a foliage plant, this is probably the most effective of cool Orchids, ana is well worth growing on that account alone. Its broadly lance- shaped pointed leaves are 12 to 18 inches long, and deep green freely marked with roundish bright yellow spots. As the young leaves are formed before the old ones decay, the plant preserves its ornamental appearance throughout the year. The flowers, too, are very beautiful. The broad, rounded sepals and petals are of a soft yellow, the basal part of the lip being of a deeper shade, while the front is streaked profusely with rich reddish-brown. The spikes are quite erect, two feet high, with eight to twelve flowers towards the top, each of these being over two inches across. This Orchid should be grown in turfy loam and peat, with a small amount of silver sand added. Water should he given in less quantity after growth is completed, but being evergreen, it is not well to keep the plants quite dry, especially as no difficulty is experienced in getting them to flower. A fine plant is flowering now in the cool house at Kew. There is an unspotted form of this species in culti- vation which I have seen under the name of P. gra- cilis. It is identical with P. maculatus, except in the absence of spots on the leaves. Both are natives of Northern India. W. B. TETEA.MICKA MINUTA, Bolfc, D. Sp. This is a tiny species, a sort of miniature edition of the pretty and well-known T. bicolor ; the whole plant, pseudo-bulbs, leaves, and flowers, barely 2 inches high. A specimen has been received from Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, to whom 1 am also indebted for a view of the entire plant. Although so small three flowers were borne by the plant, and, judging by appearances, a large and well-bloomed tuft might easily be accommodated in a space about the size of the top of a tea-cup. The leaves are short, fleshy, and acute, proportionately stouter than in T. bicolor, and brownish-green in colour. Peduncles erect, slender, 1-flowered, about 2 inches long. Bract sheathing, ovate, acute Sepals oblong, subacute. Apex rellexed, 3} lines long, nearly white. Petals narrower, oblanceolate- liuear, not reSexed. Lip equalling the sepals and petals, 3 lobed ; front lobe broadly orbicular, slightly emarginate, white with a rosy-purple disc ; side-lobes rounded, convolute, white. Column short and stout, white, faintly suffused with rose, apex a pair of small acute teeth. Stigma margined with pale rose. li. A. R. D!;s'DnoDii:M dixaxtucm. Although not new, it is rare to meet with a good spe- cimen of this pretty Moulmein Orchid. The large clear yellow flowers, in sprays of from two to five, springing from the slender pseudo-bulbs, render it attractive enough to be included in small collections. Several good examples of the plant are now in bloom in Mr. Wm. Gordon's Nursery, Amyand Park Road, Twick- enham, where a specially good collection of Den- drobes is kept, many of which are now in flower or bud. /. O'B. Cultural Memoranda, AMARANTHUS SALtCIFOLIUS VAR. SPLENDiniSSIMA. This half-hardy annual is a charming plant of pyramidal growth. The leaves are willow-shaped, linear, and wavy, from 7 — 15 inches in length. In the later stages of growth the leaves are brilliantly banded and tipped with various colours — orange, light red, and bronze. Seed m.iy be sown in light sandy soil, and covered lightly and placed in a hotbed or forcing pit. When the seedlings are large enough to be handled, they should then be pricked out into bo.xes or pans in a soil consisting of three-parts of light sandy loam and one of leaf-mould, giving a little water to .settle the soil about the roots of plants, which should then be returned to heat and shaded from sunshine until the roots have taken to the soil. When getting crowded in the pans, jiot them otf singly into 3-inch pots, and treat as before. A. Ilenderi is also well deserving of being cultivated in 3-inch and 4i-iuch pots for decorative purposes. //. W. Ward. The Apiary. TiiiiUE is a very interesting account of the Kev. John Dzierzon in the British Bee JounuU for April 18. This geatleman ia a Koman Catholic priest, and has reached the age of seventy-eight. Ue has been a beekeeper ever since he was a boy, and liis father was one before him. lie has made remark- able experiments at various limes with bees, and as a consequence has not only greatly increased liis own knowledge, but has given it to the world in the shape of an excellent book in the German language. This book was translated into English several years ai;o. Mr. D/,ier/,on discovered that the queen bee can lay eggs, which will hatch into drones without pairing. This statement met with great doubt for some years, and procured him many enemies. These enemies afterwards turned into friends when they discovered Dzierzon was right, and the occurrence of parthenogenesis is now uni- versally accepted. He proved that the queen lays two kinds of eggs, which produced three kinds of bees. Without pairing it can lay drone eggs, but it requires the assistance of the drone (or male) to lay worker eggs. These same eggs also produce queens when specially treated by the bees. As in the case of many other insects, the pairing of the bees occurs high up in the air on a warm, quiet day. A \k:T)- curious performance this act ia. The April 27, 1889.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 527 queen and drone wheel about in circles, andultiiuutL'ly Ihey wrench themselves apart by twistiuj; in oppo- site directions, the consequeucc being that the dmne is mutilated, and then falls to the ground dead. The queen tlies back to tlie hive, and she never leaves the hive again except to accompany a swarm. Honours have been heaped upon Diierzon by many of the soven-ijjns of Europe, and while we write, he is a hale old man, doing nothing but attending to his bees. His huly olhce he has long since resigned on account of ecclesiastical troubles. It is very probable that many hives have been lost this winter because the queens were unable through wi't weather last summer to take their wedding flight. From one cause and another bees are very scarce, and the beekeeper will do well this year to strengthen and increase his stocks. Be«. Plants and Their Culture. pROPAaATios or Stove Flowering Tlaxts. — If increase is required the old stock plants of Poinsettias may be started for the supply of shoots for cuttings, and the soil be well watered and the plants frequently syringed. Cuttings may be taken when the shoots are two or three inches long and with a heel, insert- ing them, singly or otherwise, in small pots, in a sandy compost, and which should be put into a hot- bed and kept shaded for a few days. Plants struck last year may be shaken out of the soil and repotted, and if afforded bottom heat they will make useful plants for early autumn uses. Plumbago rosea, and P. coccinea may now be propagated, if that has not been done ; and the stock of Euphorbia Jacquinial flora may be increased by taking cuttings, as advised for Poinsettias, and allowing them to dry at the ends (or a short time before putting them into the cutting pots. Species of Justicia and Eranthemum may still be propa- gated. Any other winter flowering plants may be pro- pagated, and as soon as possible, in order to obtain strong plants this season. Plants in Flower. — Anthuriums will now be in full bloom, and when damping down care must be taken to keep the spathes dry, and shade them from the bright sun, so that their beauty may endure ; the plants of Jasminum Sambac, and J. gracilliraura, which flowered early, should now be encouraged to make growth, and to that end liquid manure should frequently be afforded them. If cuttings are required, take strong shoots with a heel, and propagate them in a warm frame. These are free- blooming plants, and very effective if well grown and kept free from red spider and thrip?, Gloriosas, started early, which have filled their pots with roots, may now be afforded weak liquid manure occasionally, and as they are liable to be infested with the first-named insect, it is well to syringe them daily whilst they are growing. If the plants are trained on a trellis, they should be removed to a rather cooler and drier house as they come into flower, so as to prolong their beauty. The whole of the Gesneras should now be attended to, the tubers carefully shaken out of the soil, and repotted in a compost of fibrous peat, a little turfy loam, leaf-mould, and plenty of coarse, clean sand, and they should receive water with care until the new roots have taken to the soil. Give the plants alight place, so that growth may be sturdy. Aphelandra aurantiaca and A. Roezlii should now be making good progress, and should be kept free from scale and mealy-bug. Some of the older plants may be cut back to a couple of buds, and started into growth ; others should be kept dormant, so that a succession be kept up. The seedlings of this season should be afforded a place on shelf close to the glass. Another sowing of Torenias may be made ; the plants raised from this sowing will be valuable in the late summer if grown in small pots. Another sowing of the useful Impatiena Sultani should now be made ; these will make succession plants for late autumn decoration when other flowering plants are growing scarcer. The plants will not require so much pot- room as plants previously raised. The young seed- lings need careful handling in the early stages, and plenty of heat and moisture. A hotbed suits them well if the shading is carefully done. A small sowing of Gloxinias at the end of the month will be found serviceable, the plants from it producing a quantity of bloom in small pots all through the late autumn mouths. Attention should now be paid to the repotting of Calanthes, a>* tluse will now have commenced to grow. In repotting the jiseudobulbs. we use yel- low turfy loam that has been stocked for some months, some decayed dry cow-manure, and char- coal broken up into pieces about the size of a Walnut. A small quantity of peat should be addnd if the loam is ot a chiyey nature. The plants should never be syiinged overhead, and be alwavs carefully watered till the pots are full of roots. ' G. Wythes, Sii/on Hotm\ Bvaitford. necessary, and where the trees are in pots, great attention must be given to the watering of tin in, examining them two or three tino's a day in bii!;ht weather. W. Bennett, liaiujenwre. Burton- un-Tnnt. The Orchid Houses. EvERORECN Terkestrial Orchids. — In many places the haiKlsorue jiiire white Calaiitlieveratrifolia will be sending up its spikes strongly, if it be not already in flower. Formerly it was a leading e.xhibition plant, and when well done it forms a telling object in a group. With it may be associated Calanthe natal- ensis, still a very rare plant, with large heads of mauve flowers, which change to yellow with age ; C. cnrculigoides, yellow ; C. Masuca, purplish rose ; C. Dominii, lilac and purple ; C. furcata, white ; C. pleiochroma, mauve ; C. Textori, white, with orange spot on the lip ; and others of like growth. My object in naming these species is to call atten- tion to the fact tliat they thrive well only when kept shaded. There are many of these plants languish- ing in sunny houses, and producing only small un- sightly leaves, ami no flowers, or very poor ones, which would rapidly become robust and rtoiiferous if potted into a compost consisting of about two-thirds turfy yellow loam broken up by hand, with a layer of crushed bones placed on top of the creeks, and the plants afterwards placed under the shade of the taller plants in an ordinary plant stove or warm Orchid house, a liberal supply of raia water being aftbrded them. The same remarks apply to Phajus tnberculosus, P. Henryi, and P. Humblotii, which have been, fortunately, again imported recently, as well as to the handsome old Phajus VVallichii, P. gr.andiflora, P. Blumei, and other plants of the same habit. Unhealthy plants should be repotted at once, but where the plants are really vigorous the repotting should be done a few weeks after flowering, unless it be decided to let them remain over till another vear. /. ffBrini. Fruits Under Glass. Peaches. — As soon as the fruit is gathered from the trees in the early house, the wood which has borne fruit should be removed, training in the young shoots, to supply the bearing-v/ood for next year. The shoots should only be lightly tied into their places, thinning them out where they are too close together, and stopping those which are too robust, and exposing the wood as much as posible to the sun. A thorough syringing will be of benefit after the late dry treatment afforded the trees during the ripening period, and if a little soft-soap and sulphur be mixed with the water it will be still better. After this time a small quantity of soot or clear manure- water may be mixed with the water used for syringing the trees, an operation which should be done regu- larly night and morning in tine weather. The borders should be thoroughly moistened, using manure- water if the trees are old ones, clear water only ii the trees are young and vigorous, and a free circula- tion of air by day and night should be kept up when the weather is not unfavourable. Later Houses. — Pinch off the laterals, and expose the fruit to the sun in houses where it is ripening, and maintain a free circulation of air, looking over the trees twice a day to gather any fruits which may be fit, and storing them in a cool room, instead of fixing nets underneath the trees for them to drop into. Houses in which the fruit is swelling should be syringed twice a day, and the borders efficiently watered ; carry out tormer instructions, and keep a sharp look-out for red-spider, especially on foli-ige which may be near the hot-water pipfs. Thr- weath-r has been the worst I Iiave experienced in the Midlands for fruit, or. indeed, any kind of forcing. The trees in the late house will now have set thc-ir fruit; give them a heavy syringing to clean their leaves, continu- ing this regularly night and morning when fine. Disbud the shoots at regular intc-rvale, and thin out the fruit gradually. A fumigation will mo8t likely be The Hardy Fruit Garden. Treatment of STniwiiERRiEs — The plants which have been furceil and after Iruiiiiig were jjlaced in u cold frame should now be planted out, and if they are iufested with red-spider or mildew, giving them a dipping in a mild mi.\ture of Gishurst Compound belore turning them out of the pot. The ground should have been well prepared by trenching and manuring some time since, and should now be hoed to loosen the soil and destroy weeds. After this is done, a good coating of soot should be strewn over it, and the ground firmly trodden, especially if it be light ; then rake it over and plant the Strawberry plants at 2 feet between the rows, and 1.^ feet IVoni plant to plant. I( dry, before turning them out of the pots water the plants thoroughly, and shake away some ol the soil from the roots, and disen- tangle them, and in planting make the soil about them very firm with a potting-slick ; give water to settle the soil, and mulch with shoit manure. Some varieties, especially the Vicomtesse H6ricait de Thury, will produce a fairly good ciop of Jruit in autumn, and to prolong this supply, if space is avail- able, some plants should be planted in cold frames, so that the lights may be placed over them to ripen the fruit when the proper time arrives. Fig Trees in cold districts, when much protected, assuming that the materials used have been gradually removed, should now be pruned. The knife should be used sparingly if the trees are inclined to grow strongly, and care should be taken not to remove much of the short-jointed wood. If the roots are con- fined to a narrow border, see that the border and the roots are in a thoroughly moist state ; and if the border is well filled with roots, manure-water may be applied occasionally throughout the summer, H, Markham, Mereworih Castle, Kent, The Kitchen Garden. Seeds to be Sown.— The main crop of Carrots should now be got into the ground, although good CaiTOts may also be secured by sowing in ftlay. Those seeds which were in a former Calendar recom- mended to be sown in pots for planting out must be carefully watered until such times as the absence of severe frosts will allow of their transference to the open ground. The last sowings ofBroccolis should now be made ; also Kales for planting out after the early Potatos. Make a successional sowing of Cauli- flower ; sow Spinach twice in a month ; and New Zealand Spinach may be sown in pots and reared on mild hotbeds for planting out when it is safe to do so. A fair substitute for Spinach, will be found in the leaves of Spinach, Silver or Seakale Beef, and a small quantity of each may be sown, and if the plants get frequent applications of manure-water during the growing season, the leaves will be but little inferior to true Spinach. Steds of ycoizonera, Salsaf\'. Whitlof Chicory, and Dandelion should be got in at once. The ground for these must be deeply trenched, and should have been manured for a previous crop; or if that cannot be done, the manure should have been placed at the bottom of the trenches. Lettuce ought to be sown fortnightly. Lettuces under protectors should have abundance of air, and some weak manure-water occasionally, being careful not to let any of it touch the leaves. Cabbage Lettuces are in favour with some persons, while preference is given to the Cos varieties by others. To have the latter well blanched they must be tied up with bast a week or more before being eaten. Radishes and small saladings should be sown fre- quently. The seed for the main crop of Celery may now be sown, and seedlings raised earlier pricked off into frames in which early Potatos were giovvn, or under fcimi'ar shelters. In the former the soil should be reruoved, and a layer of 2 inches of coal ashes placed on the manure, to be followed by a similar layer of half decayed leaves, and fini.-hi[ig off with a light compost 1 inch thick. By so carrying out the work good masses of roots will be secured. Give every attention to watering and airing the earlier plants, so as to secure a stocky growth in tiieni. Sow a small quantity of Australian, American, and Normandy Cress, W. M. Baillie, Lutun Hqo, Beds, 528 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 27, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular poaitiun in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. ~ SUBSCRIBERS TO rpHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE -* who experience any difficulty in vbtaininy their Copies regularly, are partiralarly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint J. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NOTICE to SUBSCRIBERS and OTHERS. Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. i-2, DRURY LANE. Now ready, In clotb, lie. 64. ^THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, -t. Vol. IV.. Third Series. JULY to DEC. 1888. W. KICHAEDS. 41. Wellinstou Street, Strand. W.C. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. AY, May 2— Linneau Society. SHOW. ( Royal Botanic of Ma 5l, April 30-; in conjunction. Xati ( Society's (Northern SALES. Manchester, nnd, ation.lI Anricula Section.) [ Orchids in Flower, at Protheroe & \ Morris' Rooms. April 30< Greenhouse Plants, Carnalion-. i Picotees, &c.,at tlie City Anction ' Rooms, by Protheroe & Morris. Roses, Shrubs, Border Plants, and WEDNESDAY, MiY i Roses, Shrubs, Border Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Collection of Succulent Plants of *, tKn Int.. r T Tl.i..„.,..l- C.^l...... the late J. T. Peacock, Sn