LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE no._ .°Lio .13— -DATE.-IS.rA&a.CL. ;\v Jar\ - 3 e This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a fine of TWO CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the day indicated below. AW THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE a ©Ltccklu illttstrttrt Hourna. Horticulture and Allied Subjects. [BUSHED IX 1841.) VOL. VII.-THIRD SERIES. JANUAEY TO JUNE, 1890. LONDON : 41, WELLINGTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN W.C. 1890. c \%e\o LONDON BRADBURY, AONEW, & CO. LIMD., PRINTERS, WHITEFRURS. The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX OF CONTENTS, J4NUAMY TO IVNM% 1S9Q, Aberdeen, a museum for, 056 ; Royal Horticultural Society, 265 Abies bracteata, male flowers. 578, (17- ; A. orientalis aurea, 578 ; A. Webbiana, S78 Acacia pulchella, 708 Acalyphas, 57'i Acer platanoides, 192 Achillea ptarmica, 766 Adrianople, vegetable products in, 365 JEcidium glaucis, 682, 7 16 Aerides Augustianum, 232, 326 : A. suavi8simum and it^s vars., 43 ; A. vandarum, 199 African forest, the great, 580 Agapetes buxifolia, 261 Agave rigida, 202 Age of trees, how to tell, 323 Agricultural College, Michigan, fire at the. 651; Research Association, 721 ; Seed Trade Association, 772 Agriculture, Minister of, 2(1 1 Alexanders, 401 AUamanda violacea. 7'-'7 Alpine garden, the, L75, 292, 480 Alpine regions, culture of plants in, 2118 Alpinia albo-lineata, 427 ; A. mutica, 427 ; A. nutans, 427 ; A. vittata, 427 Alstneinerias, 325 Amaryllis, see Ilippeastruui Amelancliier vulgaris, 619 Amorphophallus Rivieri, 127 ; A. Ti- tanuin. 330 Amphicaqxca monoicu. 796 Anchusas, 700 Anemone caffra, 389 ; A. fulgens, 521, 557,620; A. fulgens in Scilly, 193; A. hortensis, 424 ; A. nemorosa, II.- pl„ 675 Anemones, 522; Japanese, 523 Angrajcum sesciuipedale, 11, 136, 547 Angritcuins, 300 Ansellia africana, 25!) Anthericum liliago, 675 Antirrhinums, ,'!55 Aotus gracillima, 364 Aphis on Peaches, &c, 556 Apiary, the, 12, 167, 262, 304, 325, 356, 12ii, 185, 588, 646,718 Apple Brabant Bellelleur, 40 ; Gibbon's Russett, 210; Clolden Knob, 206; Mannington's l'earmain, 205 ; Nanny, 302 ; Sturmer Pippin, 020 Apple crop, 775 Apples and climate, 202 ; chemical constituents of, 012; Nova Scotian, 714; Tasmanian, 710 Apple-scale, 050 Apple trade in Denmark, 394 Apricot, the, 193; on walls, and in pots, 201 Araucaria imbricata, fruiting in N. England, 774 Arbours in garden-. 550 Ardisia crenulata, 270 Arenaria baleariea 675 Arisxma speciosum, 330; A. Wrayi, 329 Arnebia cornuta, 52, SO ; A. Gritlithii, 86 Arpophyllum giganteum. 578 Arums in the open air, 170 Arundinaria Veitchii (as Bambusapal- mata>. Oil Asarum, the genns, 420 Ash, the flowering, 397, ISO Asparagus, earliness of, 396 ; as a pillar plant, 59] Asphodels, the white, 7"! Aucubas, bearing at Chiswick. 1 8 '• , under trees, 620 Auricula. Buttercup, Oil Auricula, the. 326, 184, 'ill, 071 Auriculas, yellow. 675 Australian Association for the Ad- vancement of Science, 234 Australian plants, 714 Azalea indica. 051 ; A. mollis. 718 ; A. Vaseyii, '77 Azaleas, late flowering. 802 B Hun house's nurserv. 300 Baker, Mr. J. G., 770 Balsams, 355 Bamboos, treatment of, 719 Bambusa palmata.Oll (should be called Arundinaria Veitchi) ; 15. teBsellata, 578 Bananas, dried. 7 II Barbacenia species, 555 Baroda, garden of the Gaekwar of, 200 Barr, 1'., & Sons' nurserv, ."ill, 149 Baxter, Mr. W, B., 49 B pans, Scarlet Runner, 590 Beauty in colour and form, 579 Beer, service-tree, 87 Bees in Germany, 168 Begonia manicata, 427 ; B. socotrana, 73 Begonias tuberous, 380, 492 Belgian letter, 269, 363, 517 Belgium, horticulture in, in 1889, 10 Benary, Ilerr E., 49 Berberi8, the, 044 Berberis aquifolium, 20; B. dulcis, oil, B. stenophyllax,014, 619 Berkeley, the late Rev. M. ,J„ 712 Berlin, Christmas flowers in, 77 ; In- ternational Horticultural Exhibition, J 1 1, 203, 298, 489, 552, 773 Berlin letter, 267, 3J3, 452, 516, 586 Bertolonias, 325 Berwick, Shrewsbury, 709 Bignonia radicans, 115 Birds and flowers, 207, 364 Birds, preservation of small, 386 Black Currant and Gooseberry hybrid, 585 Bombay, flower show at, 077 Books, list of recommended, 14 Books, Notices or. — American Florists' Directory, 265; American Garden, the, 126; Annals of Bird Life I'. Dixon). 715; Bees and Beekeeping (Cheshire), 71 1 . Book of the Farm Stevenson), 234; Botanical Maga- zine, 5i p, 234,329, 190, 588, 707; Bul- letin de l'Association pour la pro- tection des plantes, 425 . Cultivated Oranges and Lemons of India and Ceylon (B. Bonavia), 399 ; Daffodils (llartlandi, 772; Days and Hours in a Harden (E. V. B.), 190; Eng- lish Vegetables and Flowers in India and Ceylon (D. McDonald), 18; Entomologists' monthly, 18 ; Fallow and Fodder Crops (John Wright- son), 303; Flora of British India I Hooker), 554; Flora of War- wickshire (Bagnall), 522; Fruit Trade Journal, 60; Harden, the (Putnam), 125; Garden's Story, the (l, 231. 2C3, 295, 327, 369 12:;, 155, 187,619,551,615,647, 679,720,741,769,795 Hardy, M, 716 Hardv shrubs, 616, 654, 745 Hartland, Mr. \V. 15. 's nursery, 681 Heather, the, in America, 265, 430 Heatherbank. mound caves at, 171 Heaths and clay, 303 Helicodeiros crinitus, 450 Helleborus niger var. angustifolius, 87, 114 Hemiorchis burmanniea. 797 Herbaceous border. 294; plants, 7'."'' arrangement of, 25 Herbarium, arranging plants in. 586 Heredity, 736, 7 12 Hindus, sacred trees of the, 75 Hippeastrum, the, 386 Hippeastrums, Mr. Veiteh on, 329 Holly, forced, 112 Hollyhock, (he, 483 Hornbeam, with Thorn embedded in it, 0*2 Horticulture, a hall for, 18, 19,86, 111, 142, 200, 201, 27n, 298, 361, 168, 520 Horticultural arcbseology, 650 Horticultural club meetings, 235, 360, 424,4'.«i, 520, 685, 019. 797 Horticultural College, Swanley, 771 1 Horticulture, essentials to >um- in. 592 ; in Belgium in 1889, 10; science Of, 077 Horticulturists, list of famous, 19, 203, 200, 299, 362, 120, 523, 657,715 Iloulletia Brocklehurstiana, 320 Humea elegans, 330 Hyacinths, mucous disease of, 139 Hybrid between Black Currant and Gooseberry, 586 Hybrids, microscopic structure of, 543 Hyde I'ark, 770 Ibkris corifolia, 719. 774; I. iberica paradoxoides, 618 Ice-flak. 'I, 50 lmpney Hall, 790 India, gardening in, 773; forestry in. 794 India-rubber, 651 Insect pests, to destroy, 426, 518 Insects injurious to fruits, 047 Insects, insecticides, and fruit trees, 386, 518 Insecticides (fruit pests\ 585 ; use of, 681 Iris Bakeriana, 76. 106, 292; I. Born- miilleri, 106, 206, 292; I. iberica, 646 ; I. Persica, 577 ; I. Kosenbachii, 390, 577 ; I. Sindjarensis, 364, 390 ; I. Sophenensis, 106 Irises, 708 ; at Chiswick, 741 ; spring- flowering, 292. ">7 1 Ivy, yellow-berried, 714 Ixias, 11 Jacakasda rnimossjfolia. 427 Jacobinia coccinea, 73 James, Mr. J.'s, nursery. 207. 482 Japan, plants of, 714 Japanese Conifers, 591 ; eccentricities. 8 ; plants, a catalogue of, 554 Juniperus canadensis aurea, 578; J, prostrata nana, 577 Justice or injustic- 798 Kl.MII BBIAS, 302 Kenward, Peaches and Nectarines at, 662 Kerosene emulsions, 31*7 Kew and Colonial appointment I, 190 Kew notes, 106, 330, 364, 389, 1 50, 555 Kingston Chrysanthemum Society, 395 Kitchen garden, work in the. 13, 17, 79 113, 137, 166, 199, 281, 263, 295, 327, 359, 391, 123, 155, 1-7. 519, 551, 583, 615, 0,17, 079, 711, 741, 769, 79.. Kitchen garden notes. 388 Knole, King John's Oak at, 712 Lai iiksvi [A pendnla, 162 Lackey moth, caterpillars of the, B54 Laeken, destruction at, 20 Lsslia ancepa and vars. at The Dell, 43 ; L a. Dawsonii and its vars., 198,239; L. a. Hyeana,578; L. a., white. 236; I- Crawahayana and L. iana, 78,135; L. Dormanniana, 678 L. elegans Blenheimensis. 108 ; L. flava, U9 . I., glaum, 356 ; L. Gouldiana, 42, 171 ; L. ak struck by, 105 Lilacs, double-flowered, 55 Lilium auratum, 331 ; L. Harrisii, 775 ; L. longiflorum, for forcing, 425 Lily disease, 763; flowers. 0*1 ; L. Good Luck (see Chinese sacred) Lilies, 771 ; culture of, 202, 302,335, 395 Lilv of the Valley, 402, 683 ; disease of, 643; for forcing, 115: home- grown, 366, 43o. 654 Lindley Library, the, 15 Linton Park. 639 Lisianthus, 480 Lockinge, Wantage, 40. 161 London Purple, 201, 585, 714 Longford Castle. 019 Lonicera semperflorens minor, 718 Low. Messrs. II. , & Co.'s nurserv. 299 Lycaste Skinned alba, 236, 300; a fine, 198, 121 Lychnis Lagasca, 292; L. vespertina "and Ustilago antheranim, 27 M Madras, flower show at, 716; forest department. 794 Magnolia stellata, 618, 652 Magnolias. 582 Malta, decorative wild flowers of, 611 Maltese garden?. 417. 516 Manure, green Crops a?. 335 ; liquid, in the garden. 420 Manures. 257. 557 Manure-tanks. 239 Maples a9 decorative plants, 110 Market gardeners, strike of. 586 587 Market trade, the. 298 Markets, London suburban. 257 Marnock's maxims 20 Marriott. Mr. J.'s. garden, 513 Marsdenia erecta, 74"' Masdevallia Ilarryana Kentish Fire. 644 McNab, the late Protestor, 201 Medinilla Curtisii, 291 Mr, liars. Crabs, and 1 Jinnee?. 678 Meehan's nursery. 749 Melbourne, seaside plants near. 646 Melhania melanoxylon (a survivor), 512 Mentmore. 1*9 Mereworth Castle Gardens, :;o2. T* "■ 1 M. t> -nrological stations. Scottish. 126 Mexico, notes from. 733 Mignonette. 77*'. ; early. 355 Mildew on Vines. 71* Mill, J. 8., as a botanist, 234 Miller, John, and his work, 255 Mitsuba, 790 Montbretia Pottaii, 301, 431, 192. 654 Montbretias, ■"••'•l Moth, the clothes, to kill, 518,558; I he winter, 23 Mulching, 303; fruit trees. .".40 Munstead, notes from, 133 Mushroom-beds, and lalse Mushrooms, 43G; culture, 579; growing, 690 ; house, a cheap, 302 Nant-y-Oi \ v 549 Narcissus bulbs in China, 22; N., of Knglish growth, 719; N., fly, the, 174 ; N., forced, 202 ; N., going blind. 557 ; N., history of the cultivation, 497 Narcissus poeticus, early flowering of, 329 ; N. prodigy, 549, 590 ; N. Sir Watkin, 430, 461 Natal, vegetation in, 110 National Chrysanthemum Society, 260, 396 National Footpath Preservation So- ciety, 234 National Rose Society, 361 ; and the Royal Horticultural Society, 82 Naylor, Mr. J.'s, nurserv 585 Nepenthes, hybrids, 522 New Guinea, 716 New Year's honours, 17 New York and the Orange Groves of Florida, 071, 706, 767 New Zealand, 202; Chrysanthemums in, 10 ; Exhibition, 552 Nice, fruit and vegetable growers at, 164 Nicotiana allinis, 021, 075 Nine Wells, Shelford, .".22 Nitrogen in plants, 58*, 610 Nomenclature of garden plants, 741, 772 ; of Orchids, 290, 302. 430, 04* Nova Scotia, 106 Novelties of tne past year. 7, 37 Nut blooms, 114, 139, 142, 170,174; female, 142 Nut tree, a precocious, 114 Nutrition and Sex, 25 Nymphica versicolor (= N. Dauben- vanaV 73 Oak, King John's, at Knole, 712; struck by lightning, 105 Obituary. — Affourtit, R. C, 170 ; Ainsworth. Dr. R, 336; Alexander. J . 529 ; Baxter.W. IL. 797 ; Brebner, —.112; Cauldwell. W. 400 ; Cheet- ham, J . 591 ; Clarke, J., 802 ; Cosson, M. 82; Du Breuil. A.. 681 ; Duke. John. 89; Firth, C... 529; Flood. J.. 591; Harrison. T.. 337; Hen- derson. Peter, 112; Houllet, M.. 554 Humphreys, W.. 272; Low. S. IL. 500; Maggs, 10. 272; Marshall. J . 369 ; May, J . 305 ; M'lutosh. J. M. 209; Mi.klewright, — , 209; Nasmyth, J.. 586; Parry, Dr. C. C, 125 Bawling?, J . 750; Robinson, .1 . 591 ; Thurber. G . 529; Walker. K, 400; Webster. J., 333; Wild smith. W.. 145, 171 ; Williams. B. S . Mil ; Woolley, Alderman D., 59] Young, G. W". 203 : Young. Maurice. Ochnas, 707 Odontoglossum crispum, a flne, U9; O. crispum var. Outrami, 578; O, hastilabium. 326 ; 0. hebraic.um, var. aspersum, 42; (). Ilorsmanix, 547 ; O, llumeanuni, 259, 119; O. lilii- florum, 554; 0. luteo-purpureum, var. prionopetalum, 259; O. maxil- lare, 320; I >. Pescatorei at, Red- lands, 197; O. Rossi, 520; O. Rossi majus pale var., 101, < >. Sanderi- annm,708; O. Schroderianum, r08 ; o. trinmpbans, 326; O. Wilcke- anum X , 610 Odontoglossums, culture of, 299. O, hybrid,.".! I Olearia Gunniana, 619; O. lacunosa, .",7.*; O. iyrata, 190; 0. Traversii, 41 Oliver, Prof., retirement of, 01*; 712 Olombe, 796 Oncidium concolor, 11; 0. tigrinum. 320 ( tnions at the Vegetable Conference, 558, 683; experiments on growing. 70 ; Spanish, 792 Oodeypore Gardens, report, 235 Open" spaces and the builders, 112 Orange groves of Florida, 0.71, 706, 707 Orchards, rating of. 576 Orchid catalogue, 711 VI The Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. [June 28, 1S9G. Orchid houses, %vork in the, 26, 47, 79, 109, 137, 166, 205, 230, 263, 294, 327, 359, 391, 422, 455, 487, 519, 550, 583, 614, 647, 679, 710, 740, 794 Orchid notes and gleanings, 11, 42, 78, 108, 135, 164, 198, 235, 259, 299, 326, 356, 385, 419, 451, 483, 547, 578, 610, 613,673, 708, 735, 766 Orchids at Backhouse's, 300; at the Briars, Reigate, 673 ; at Bridgen Tlace, Bexley. 4S3 ; at Mr. W. Bulls, 134, 581 ; at Burford Lodge, 43 ; at Cambridge Lodge, 643; at Mr. Can- non's, 578 ; at Castle Hill, 451 ; at Cheam Park, 517 ; at Cheriton, 199 ; nt Clare Lawn, Sheen, 419, 610; at The Dell, 419; at Glenthorn, 199; at the Orange, Hackbridge, 739 ; at Mr. T. B. Haywood'?, 766; at Howick House, 299; at The Kilns. Falkirk, 483 ; at Messrs. J. Laing & Sons', 356; at Langley Park. 385; atMessrs. H. Low & Co.'s, 299 ; at Messrs. F. Sander & Co.'s, 267 ; at Messrs. Seeger & Tropp's, 298; at Stone- house Court, 259 ; at Mrs. Studd's, 674; at Studley House, 385; at Tring Park, 743 ; at United States nursery, 390; at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons', 259, 358. 556 ; at Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons', 300, 744 ; at The Woodlands, 419 Orchids in Belgium, 78 ; in Sikkim, 516 Orchids, American ideas of, 712 ; for the florist, the most suitable. 1!) ; gigantic, 235, 265, 287 ; hardy ter- restrial. 46; list of garden, 107. 256, 333, 355; Mexican, 356; Mexican and Columbian, 791 ; nomenclature of. 296, 362, 648 ; sale of, from Blenheim, 170 Osraanthus myrtifolius, 578 P.i;onia Brownii. 746 Peonies, 736. 7i4; P. moutan, 651, 774; single-flowered, 764 Palm tree, an historical, 649 Pandauus odoratissmus, 51 Pansies, 614, 653 ; and Violas, 173 Papaver rupifragtim var. atlanticum, 329 Paris exhibition, 553; Horticultural Congress, 234 Paris green, nse of, 387 Parsley, 430 ; in winter, 366 Passiflora cwrulea, 174; P. c. Con- stance Elliott, 619 Pastures, temporary and permanent. 426 ; the battle of the, 613 Pea, Phonograph, 795 Peas. Everlasting. 174 ; sticking. 460 Peach, Dymond. 173; Waterloo. 745 ; growing at Bexley, 555 Peaches and Nectarines setting, 334, 397 ; outside. 557 Pear Leger, 460 ; P. Mansuette de Bougnies, 460 ; P. Quetier Beurr<5, 460 Pelargonium seedlings outdoors. 774 Pelargoniums, large-flowered. 054; new zonal, 654 Pentapterygium serpens, 450 l'entstenion Menziesii. var. Scouleri, 204 Peperomia resediflora. 427 Perennials, dwarfing hardy, 294; plant- ing, 54, 271, 334 Pergularia odoratissima, 576 Pescatorea cerina, 109 Petra;a volubilis, 577 Fhaius tuberculosus, 299 Phatanopsis at Elstead, 164 ; in the Philippine Islands, 459, 516 Phaltcnopsis casta X , 326 ; P. Cyn- thia X , 650 ; P. Harrietts X , 356 ; P. Sanderiana var. punctata, 78 ; P. Schilleriana, 578 ; P. Schilleriana, a grand, 356; P. S. compacts nana, 386 riiiladelphus Lemoinei X, 46 Philodendron canntefolium, 712 Phlox Drummondi, 324 Phloxes, caulescent, 559 Phcenix rupicola, 291 Photography, floral, 425 Picea excelsa Remonti, 578 ; P. e. mutabilis, 578 ; P. Omorika, 578 Picotees and Carnation?. 165 Pine seeds, edible, 485 Pinks, 52 Pinna palustris, 112 l'iuri. the source and preparation of, 432 Plagiolirion Horsmanni, 262, 303 Plan of a garden. 76, 194 Planting waste lands, the advantage and utility of, 191, 237 Plant names, 23 ; shelters, 366 ; stand, Toope's, 460 Plant Portraits, List of:— Abutilon vexillarium, 455; Aerides Houlleti, 395; A. Houlletti, 197; Allium cya- neuni, 395 ; A. Kansuense, 395 ; Anguloa uniflora, 774; Anthurium Devansayeanum x, 235; A. Scher- zerianum var. maximum album, 523 ; Apple Ribston Pippin, 423; Apricot The Peach, 455 ; Begonia adonis. 523 ; B. Attila, 395 ; B. Dr. Feltz. 395 ; B. Hemisphere, 395; B.Jean Majurel, 395 ; B. Jussieu, 395 ; B. La France. 395; B. Linmcus, 395; B. Miss White, 395; B. Mrs. French, 395; B. Notary Dubled, 395; B. Pac- tolus, 395 ; Bertolonia Madame A. Bleu. 8; Bilbergia Perringianax, 455 ; B. Saundersi, 395 ; Calanthe Veitchii, 395 ; Carnation Madame A. Warocque, 395 ; Cassinia fulvida, 589 ; Cattleya intermedia var. Can- dida, a splendid form, 197 ; Chry- santhemum Rose Laing. 107 ; Clian- thus Dampieri var. marginatus, 523, 589 ; Clivea miniata Mad. Paul Bri- quet, 774 ; Coburgiatrichrorna, 395; Ooli'ea liberica, 395 ; Cudogyne cris- tata, 523 ; Coreopsis tinctora. 395 ; Croton variegatus var. Marquis de Guadiaro, 395 ; Cupressus Lawsoni, Westerman's golden var., 774; Oym- bidium Mastersii, 465 ; Cypripedium Ashburtoni:c superhum X , 523 ; C. Elliottianum, 455 ; C. nitensX, 523 ; Datura sanguinea, 197 ; Den- drobium Brymerianum, 455 ; Disa graminifolia, 455 ; Encephalartus Hildebrandi, 589 ; Eremurus Bucha- ricus, 165 ; Eucalyptus calophylla, 774 ; Hydrangea stellata rubra plena, 165 ; Hypericum calycinum, 109 ; H. MoserianumX, 589; Lalia pu- mila, 455 ; L. pumila and var. Dayana, 523 ; Lepismium dissimile, 523 ; Lilium nepalense var. ochro- leucum, 589; Lycaste costata, 395 ; L. Schilleriana var. I.ehmanni, 774 ; Masdevallia ignea, 395 ; Nigella his- panica, 235 ; Nyniphaia Marliacea, 109 ; N. zanzibarensis fl.-rubro, 774 ; Odontoglossum Boddaertianum, 523 ; O. constrictum, 197 ; O. Duvivier- anum, 423 ; O. luteo-purpureum sceptrum Masereelianum, 523; On- cidium aurosum, 523 ; O. concolor, 11; Oxalis Bowieana, 774; Peach Hale's Early, 774 ; Pear Mansuette de Bougnies, 235 ; Pear Sucree de Montlucon, 8 ; Phalamopsis ania- bilis, 197 ; Kamondia pyrenaica alba, 109; Renanthera Lowi, 423 ; K'ose Dr. Grill, 395 ; Grace Darling, 197 ; Scu- tellaria costaricana, 523 ; Sonerila Madame H. Gruson, 423; Sobralia xantholeuca, 197 ; Solanum Wend- landi, 235 ; Strawberry The Bubach, 523 ; Ursinia pulchra var. aurea, 589 ; Vriesea Gravisiana X, 423 ; V. Morreniana X Barilletiana, 455 ; Ze- phyranthes Candida, 423 Plants and their culture, 12, 47, 84, 137, 172, 199, 230, 262, 294, 326, 358, 391, 422, 454, 486, 518, 550, 582, 614, 646, 678, 710, 739, 769, 794 Plants, habitats of, and their culture (see Gardeners' Problem) ; protec- tection of, 394 : requiring a moist air, 683 Plants, New or Noteworthy, de- scribed : — Aerides augustianum, 9 ; Angraicum ichneumoneura, 38; A. primulinum, 388 ; Arisoema anoma- lum, 321 ; Arundinaria Veitchii (by error as Bambusa palmata), 611 ; Bambusa palmata, 611 ; Bar- leria involucrata var. elata, 448 ; Bulbophyllum lemniscatoides, 672 ; Calanthe Veitchii alba X, 132; Calanthes, hybrid, 73 ; Cattleya im- tricata maculata, 763 ; C. labiata var. Warocqueana, 735; Colchicum procurreus, 192; Cypripedium Ay- lingi, 792; C. Buchanianum X, 73, 142; C. Cytherax, 73; C. Hera X, 105 ; C. Leeanum var. biflorum, 169 ; C. Niobe X, 9 ; C. Northumbrian, 160; C. numa X, 608; C. O5none X , 260 ; C. Siamense, 161 ; C. Vipani, 792; Dendrobium atrovic- laceum, 512 ; D. Venus X , 608 ; Dendrocalamus Sikkimensis, 792 ; Eranthemum tuberculatum, 480 ; Eri- ogonum androsaceum, 260 ; E. ca:spitosum, 260 ; E. compositum, 260; E. Douglasii, 260; E. flavum, 260; E. heracleoides, 260; E. Jamesii, 260 ; E. Lobbii, 260 ; E. ovalifolium, 260; E. sphairo- cephalum, 260 ; E. umbellatum, 260; E. ursinum, 260; E. villi- florum, 260 ; Eucharis Baker- iana, 416; E. Stevpnsi x , 640; Eu- patorium probum, 321 ; Fritillaria canaliculata, 288 ; Iris Barkeriana, 39; Lathyrus Sibthorpii, 704; Ly- caste lasioglossa 132 ; Masdevallia Lowii, 416 ; Narcissus, hybrid, 388 ; Odontoglossum Leroyanum X , 704 ; O. Wattianum, 354 ; Oncidium splendidum, 105 ; Paulownia For- tunei, 448; Phalamopsis cynthiax, 132, 227 ; Phaius Cooksoni, 388 ; Pteris ensiformis var. Victoria;, 576 ; Tulipa ciliatula, 640 ; Tricho- phila punctata, 227 ; Xylobium Col- leyi, 288 ; Zygopetalum caulescens, 544 ; Z. Jorisianum, 704; Z. Whitei, 354 Pleiones at home (Orchids in Sikkim), 546, 675 Plovers, golden, 23 Plum crop, promise of the, 523 Plums, silver-leaf, disease of, 114 Podocarpus acutifolius, 330 ; P. dacry- dioides, 90 ; P. spicata, 177 Podophyllum pleianthum, 234 Pods and berries, ornamental, 139 Polyanthuses, gold-laced, 166; double, 642 Potato planting, 364 Potato, Richter's Imperator, 232 ; Robert Fenn, 55 Potatos, coloured, 745 ; early, 771 ; experiments on, 390, 450, 735 ; new in May, 743 Powderham Castle, 682 Prepusa Hookeriana, 420 Presentation to Mr. R. Cairns, 651 ; to Mr. W. S. Campbell, 19 ; to Mr. R. Dean, 523 ; to Rev. H. H. D'Om- brain, 797 ; to Mr. J. S. Johnson, 714; to Mr. Waters, 232 Prillieux, M., 235 Primroses, earliness of, 23 ; hardy, 239 Primula amccna, 175, 206, 271, 486; P. denticulata alba, 175 ; P. ob- conica, 175 ; P. sinensis, 203 ; P. sinensis, Sutton's, 206; P. Sieboldi, 556 Primulas at Birmingham, 419, 492 Propagation, 163 Prunus Pissardi, 614 ; P. pseudo- cerasus, 608 Pseudopanax ferox, 432 Pterocarya cancasica, 582 Pterocaryas, 614 Puya chilensis, 719 Pyrethrum, the, 43 Pyrus heterophylla, 115'; P. japonica alba, 45 ; P. prunifolia, var, 645 Q Quassia, 239 Quassia buds and flowers, 361 Queensland, flora of, 332 Quinces, Medlars, and Crabs, 678 Railway charges for vegetables, 521 Riilway rates, 83, 86, 113, 134, 168, 236, 738 Ramondia pyrenaica, 720 Ranunculus, the, 356, 388 Raspberries, autumn-bearing, 558 Rating of land in rural districts, 552 ; of nurseries and market gardens, 515 ; of orchards, 576 Rationalism v. empiricism, 298, 319, 353 ; (see also Gardeners' Problem) Redlands, Glasgow, stove at, 46 Retinospora filifera aurea, 578; R. nidifera, 108 ; Troubetzkoyana, 108 Rhododendron arboreum var. rosea, 261 ; R. Nuttalli. 558 ; R. Queen of Dvvarfs. 558; R. scabrifolium, 450 Rhododendrons at Castle Kennedy, 642 ; hybrid. 42 Rhubarb, early, 335; old variety of, 720 Rhus, the, 582 Ribes, the. 644 Richardia icthiopica. 207 Richardias, 675 Richards, Mr. W., 712 Richmond Terrace Gardens, 134 Rocheas, hybrid, 228 Rock garden, the, 166; plants on walls, 791 Rodriguezia refracta, 326 Ruezl, memorial monument to, 19, 714 Rondeletia gratissima, 675 Root-knot disease of Peach and Orange, 518 Rosa multiflora, 797 Rose budding, underground, 512 ; hedges, 202 ; prospects, 764 ; season, the approaching, 607 ; statistics, 56, 82, 175 Rose, climbing Niphetos at home, 293 Rose Gloire de Margottin, 55 Roses, 458; time to plant, 11; attar of, 44, 170; frost as a pruner of, 366; H.P., at the Conference, 323; pruning of hardy, 226 ; Tea, 292 ; Tea, and the Conference, 131 ; Tea, comparison among, 208 Royal Botanic Society, 617; lectures, 458 Royal Horticultural Society, 22, 52, 80, 85, 114, 168, 174. 200, 238, 265, 456, 590, 616, 680. 712 ; Committees, list of members of. 88. 240 ; Floral Committee of, 22, 52,85; Journal of the, 22 ; Report of the. 168, 174 ; and National Rose Society, 82 ; and the Commissioners, 746 Royal Society, 651 Rubus deliciosus. 674 Rudgea macrophylla, 450 Rural economy, 329 Saccolabium Hendersonianum, 42 Sacred trees of the Hindus, 75 Salads, 392 Salsolacere, 202 Sambucus nigra argentea variegata, 708 ; S. racemosus. (See Elder, red-berried) ; S. r. serratifolius, 578 Sander, Mr. F., presentation of, to the Queen, 648; Messrs. F., & Co.'a nursery, 267 Satyrium membranaceum, 329 Saxifraga Camposi, 675; S. ligulata, 292 ; S. peltata, 166 ; S. retusa, 486 ; S. sarmentacea, action of light on, 23fj The Gardeners' Chronicle,' INDEX. r.Tune 28, 1890. Vll Scabious, sweet, 383 Scale, to kill, 518 Scale of Apples, 650 Scaphosepalum, the genus, 709 Schizostylis coecinea, 165 Schomburgkia Humboldti, 331 Scientific Committee : — Abies no- bilis, 240; Acari in Sugar-cane, 115; Aristolochia Goldieana, 558; Canker, 240; in Apple trees, 115; Cattleya stem, growth on, 240; Ceratitis citriperda, 655 ; Citrons, fingered, 431 ; Colours of flowers, 558 ; Cypripediums, monstrous, 116 ; Cytisus Adami X , 496 ; Delphinium, diseased, 055; Ebonv. St. Helena, 431 ; Figs, scale of, 431, 496 ; Fogs, London, 240, 307 ; Galls on root of Poa, 496 ; Iris sindjarensis, 431 ; Keteleeria Davidiana, 116; Loran- thus fruit, 307 ; mealy-bug, 116 ; at Alexandria, 240 ; Moth, the winter, 1 16 ; Narcissus sport, 431 ; Narcissi hybrid, 558 ; Primrose and Blue- bells, degenerated, 655; Primula, monstrous, 655; Orange, fingered, 496: Orchids, disease of, 240; hybrid, 240; Pines from Florida, 431 ; plant-bug, 655 ; plant diseases, 558 ; Potato disease and sulphate of iron, 558 j Primrose, purple, 496; Prionus coriarius. 055 ; rosin-wash for red-scale, 11(5: Seakale roots, 115; Sugarcane borer, 240, 367; seedlings, 367 ; Vines, diseased, 496, 558 Scilly Isles, earliness of vegetation in, -H7 export of flowers from, 185, 192, 493; flower trade in. 103 Seakale, large growth of, 193 Season, mildness of the. 143, 170. 202 Sedum acre aureum. 302 Seed trade, the, 229 Seeds, trade in. with the U.S.A.. 50 Seeds, vitality of. <'•'•'■', Seedlings, pricking off, 524 Seeger & Tropp's nursery. 298 Selbourne Society, the. 112 Self-help Emigration Society, 234 Sequoia. 798; B. gigantea, 206 Service Tree beer, 87 Sex and nutrition, 25 Shaw, I linrv, 46 Show lixtures clashing, ."'.'!. -6 Shrubberi' ■-. 366 Shrubs, early-flowering, 170 Silk Exhibition. 555,618 Silphium lacinatimi. 5] Smith, Mr., Mayor of Worcester, 329 Snowdrop, earliness of,2o7; the first, so SnowdropB, giant. 2; Mackett's Orchid Bureau, 358 ; Sankey & Sons. 145, 176 ; Walker. R.. 11 Trade prosecutionp, 232, 334 Tree struck by lightning. 105 Trees in their spring attire, 584, 620 ; for street planting, 395 ; sacred, of the Hindus. 75 ; to tell the age of, .".2:; Trees and shrubs. 20, 15, 108, 197, 294 '--'. '■! i. mi. 674 71-; for chalk; soils, 270; May-flowering, 611 Trillium discolor atratum. 430, 452 Tring Park, plants at. 7 15, 7 1 1 Trinidad notes, .';- I Triteleia (see Broditea), 291 Truffles, true and false, 428, ■•!■'•, 589 Tsuga caroliniana, 578 Tuberose, 390 ; flowering twice, 58 Tuberous branches, T < ►' i Tubs, gunk for plants, 263, 302, 303 335 Tudor exhibition, the. I.'i'.i Tulip, the, nil ; \v. E. Gladstone, 586 Turner memorial prizes, 168 Turner's. Mr. C., nursery, 237 Turnips, red. 798 Turnip-tops, market returns for, 522 United Horticultural Benefit and Pro- vident Society, 80, 170, 200, I'M United States nursery, the, 890 Useful memorada, 13 Ustilago antheraruin and Lychnis vespertina, 27 Vair, Mr. J., the late, 772 Vanda Amesiann. ~* ; V. Amesiana, white form, 78 ; V. cterulea, at Mr Statter's, 17; V. Kimballiana, 11 Vandas, 132, 174, 205 Variation, iu British Ferns, 479, 514 ; the consequence of frost, 458 Vegetable Conference report, 548 ; crops, thinning of, 524 ; products in Adrianople, 355 ; products in the drug market, 432 Vegetables, 201, 294, 459, 515, 718, 791 ; cool frames for, 25 ; naming, 26 ■ new, 796 Veitch, Messrs. J. & Sons' nursery, 259, 358, 556, 577, 771 Veitch Memorial Fund, 138 ; medals, 520 Verbena, the lemon-scented, 460 Verbenas, 324 Verrii-res, horticulture at, 159 Vegetation in Natal, 116 Vienna, Chrysanthemums in, 170 Vilmorin's, M., nursery, 15!) Vinca minor variegata, 142 Vine, a prolific, 242 Vine growing, profitable, 774 Vines, mildew on, 718 ; removing foli- age from, 557 Violas and Pansies, 173 Viscum album, 239 Waddesdon, Miltonias at, 708 Walker, Mr. .I.'s nursery, 452 Wall covering, a good, 590 Wallflowers, 524, 614, 619, 714 Walnut, the Mark, 2.'il Watering, 673 Weather and fruit crops, 239 ; of 1K89, 4U1 Weather, the, 29S, 302; of 1889, 54 Weather in Dublin, 86 ; in Monmouth- shire, 719; in the North, 203; in North Wales, 744 Weather plant, the, 110 Weed-killer, the perfect, 714 Weeping-tree mystery, 592 Weigelas. 582 Welbeck, 714 Weybridge, Mr. Gladstone at, 448 Wildsmith Memorial, 266, 328, 331, 395, 458, 522, 55s Wildsmith, the late Win., 206 Wilks, Key. W., 616 Williams, Messrs. H.S.& Son's Nursery, 132,300, 714 Willows and Poplars, 650 Wireworm and oilcake, 682 Wortleberry wine, 170 Year's trade, a, 1 13 Zamia Wallisii, 329 Zenobia speciosa var. pulverulenta, 012 /Cygopetalum intermedium, 326 Vlll Tlie Gardeners' Chronicle,] INDEX. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Abies bracteata, male flowers, 673 Aerides Augustianum, 233 Amelanchier vulgaris, 621 Apple Mannington's Pearmain, 205 Aristolochia Goldieana, 521 Arnebia cornuta, 52 Aruudinaria Veitchii (as Bambusa pal- mata), 641 B Bambusa palmata, 641 Barkeria elegans, 58 Berberis stenophyllax, 619 Berlin international horticultural exhi- bition, plans of, 140, 142, 143 Bulb mite, the, 364 Cambridge Botanic Garden, Water- Lily house in the, 743 Castilloa elastica, 649 Casuarina in Malta, 453 Cattleya Skinneri, a gigantic piece of, 239 Ceratitis capitata, 655 Choiromyces meandriformis, 525 Choisya ternata, 645 Chrysanthemums at Chiswick. (Sup- plement, May 10.) Citron, the fingered, 385 Citrus japonica, 393 Cypress, deciduous, at Syon. (Sup- lement, March 15.) Cypress knee, 332 Cypripedium Aylingii X, 797; C. bellatulum, 556 : C. Curtisii, 557 ; C. Morgana1, 544 ; C. Morgana; X and C. Spicerianum. (Supplement, March 1 ) C. Stonei var. platyta1- nium, 548 Daffodil, sporting, 491 Darlingtonia californica, 84, 85 Dendrobium Devonianum grown at Arddarroch. (Supplement, May 31.1 Dendrocalaruus Sikkimensis, 793 Diervilla Middendorfiana, 581 Disa tripetaloides, 768 East Sheen Lodge, views at, 765, ' Elder shoot, swollen, 705 Embothrium coccineum, 717 Ephedra altissima. 792 Epiphyllum, a grafted, 173 Eriogonum audrosaceum,2G0; E.com- positum, 261 ; E. ovalifolium, 260 Eucharis amazonica, a fine, 193; E. Bakeriana, 417 Eupatorium probum, 321 Exoohorda grandiflora, 613 Flower-pot, OetzmanuV, 652 Galanthcjs Elwesi, 268 ; G. Imperati, 269; G. latifolius, 2G9; G. nivalis, 269 ; G. n. Scharlocki, 271 ; G. plicatus, 268 Gaylussacia frondosa, 580 Grammatophyllum speciosum, 297 Greenhouse, amateur's, Beeston, 53 H Hardy, M.. portrait of, 716 Hive, Lee's frame, 588 Hornbeam, with Thorn embedded, 683 Hylurgus piniperda, 177 Iris Bakeriana, 29.3; I. Bornmulleri, 293 ; I. persica, 577 ; I. Rosen- bachiana, 577 ; I. sindjarensis, 365 Japanese house garden, 9 Japanese Pine tree, dwarfed. 12 Jephson Garden, Leamington, carpet bed in the, 361 Laburnum branch, swollen, 7< 19; pen- dulous, 708 Laeken, the conservatory at, views of, 21,24 Liclia glauca. 357 ; L. Gouldiana, 169 Lockinge, Wantage, views at, 41, 161, 163 Lycaste Skinneri var. alba. (Supple- ment, April 5.) M Magnolia stellata, 617 Maltese Fern chatti, 461 Maltese garden views, 449. 45:'., 45 517 Marsdenia erecta, 747 Melanogaster variegatu9. 5S9 Melhania melanoxylon, 513 Mentmore, Leighton Buzzard. 4< (Supplement, April 19.) Merodon Narcissi, 118 Montbretia Pottsii, corm of. 301 N Narcissus fly, 118 Narcissus Glory of Leyden, 484 ; N. Johnstoni, 495 ; N. Macleai, 493 ; N. Madame de Graaflf, 485 ; N. prodigy, 549 ; N. Sir Watkin, 481 ; N. sport, a, 491 ; N. Tazetta, 492 ; N. triandrus var. pulchellus, 486 Natal Botanic Gardens, view in, 11 1 Oak, King John's, at Knole, 713 ; struck by lightning, 105 < Idontoglossum Pescatorei with 130 flowers. (Supplement, Feb. 15.) < Hearia Gunniana, 023 Oodeypur Public Garden, view in the. (Supplement, June 21.) ' trange fly, the, 655 ' (ranges, malformed, 397 P.eoxia corallina, 740 Paaonies, single-flowered, 737 Peach-house at Messrs. T. Burton & Son's, 553 Pentstemon Menzie9ii var. Scouleri, 204 Phaius Cooksoni x , 389 Pine beetle, the, 177 Pine tree, dwarfed Japanese. 12 Plan of garden. &c, 77, 195 Plans of the Berlin International Hor- ticultural Exhibition. 1890, 140. 142, 143 Plant-stand, Toope's, 460 Prepusa Hookeriana, 421 Prunus cerasus pseudo-Cerasus, 609 Puya chilensis at Tresco, 685 Pyrus heterophylla, 115 Redlands. Glasgow, view in the stove- house at. (Supplement, Jan. 11.) Ribes. double red. 653 Richmond Terrace Gardens, view in the. (Supplement, Feb. 1.) Rocheas, hybrid, 229 Rosa alba var. suaveolens, 44 ; R. gal- lica var. trigintipetala, 45 Saxifra(!A sarmentosa, action of light on, 237 Scleroderma vulgare, 589 Solanum macranthum, 81 Strawberry leaf, diseased, 799 Sundial at Thorpe Perrow, 677 Taxodiuji distichum at Syon, 325. (Supplement, March 15.) Thorn embedded in Hornbeam, 683 Thorpe Perrow. sundial at. 677 Tree struck by lightning, 105 Truffle, the British, 428; false, 589; the French, 428 ; the Italian. 429 ; red, of Bath, 589 ; the white, 525 Truffle-beetle, the. 429 Tuber rcstivum, 428; T. magnatum, 429; T. melanosporum, 428 Tuberous branches. 705, 708. 709 Vanda ccerulea, group of, at Mr. Statter's. 17; V. suavis. specimen plant, 133 ; V. suavis, Wingate's var., 135; V. tricolor, var. Pater- soni. 135 W Water Lily-house in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, 743 Webster, John, the late, portrait of, 333 Zenobia speciosa, 612 LIST OF SUPPLEMENTS. Chrysanthemums at Chiswick. May 10. Cypripedium Spicerianum and C. Morgans, March 1. Dendrobium Devonianum grown at Arddarroch, May 31. Lycaste Skinneri, var. alba, April 5. Mentmore, View in the Pleasure Gardens at. April 19, Odontoclossum Pescatorei with 130 flowers, Fe' ruary 15. Oodeypur, View in the Public Gardens at, June 21. Redlands. Glasgow, View in the Stove House at. Januarv 11. Righmond. View from the Terrace Gardens at, February i. Taxodium distichum at Syon, March 15. E STAB U SHED No. 158.— Vol. YIT. {£™} SATUEDAY, JAXUAEY 4, 1890. I Regt. a- a Newspaper, f PRICE 3d. (with supple«e»t.\ Post-free, 3Jrf. CONTENTS. Aerides augustianum a Horticulture in Belgium . 10 Apiarv 1.' Iiia-s II Book- Japanese ■ H Gardens Story, G. H. Journal of the H Ellwanger 1H tia'ltural Society ■21 Books suitable for gar- Kitchen garden 11 deners, List of lit Laekea 21) Botanic Garden, St. Louis ID Lsella Gouldiana rar. 11 Bulb garden, the 11 I. ipageri is .it rrentham L'.l ::< IS Chinese " 9ai n 1 i 1 Marnock, maxims of the hemnrns 'it the late R 20 Antipodes 10 Memoranda, useful 1! 1, bear; 23 Narcissus bulbs in China » Clyde disaster New dear's honours i; Colonial notes :■:; era, preservation Nutrition .". sex .■• of •'■i Orcbid-bonses i:i a N 9 ., notes ii XI i- h'ntomo' . Hants and their culture . 1-' Uagaxmt i- golden - i:i Roses, the best time to Gardening apponinients .. :il 11 i hardeners * 'rpt is Royal Horticultural So- „ problem, a 1., - Committees J! oil and shin Tomatos 20 1H Trees and shrubs •ta , mlea i; of Wi A egetables, cool fnnies uriste, ii-t ot :■■• 19 Winter moth, the ILLU8TR ATiONS. Laeken, the conservatory a 1 21 1 uiese, distorted ■ 1.' \ anda ccerulea .,' Mr. Statter's 17 Advertiser* are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstance* whatever, can any particular position fie guaranteed for ad- vertitemenil cceupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 64. 7/1 /■: (; A R D ENERS' CHRONICL E, Vol. vi.. Third Series, Jl'LY t.. uiv.. 1888. W BJCHABD9. 41, Wellington Street, 3 trend « C THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA, The Subscription to America, Including 1' Twelve id Agent tor America : — E. H. LIRHY, .Manager, "The American Qaraen," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American I ir.ler- ma NATION A], (' II i; V S A ."S T II I. \l I M SOCIETY, Mill WIN TEK KXIIIHITION, Royal Aquarium, Westmin- ster, WEDNESDAY and TH1 RSDAY, J ,,rv - and B, 1890. las, Cyclamens, fltc. Mi-cellaneous nrited. Schedules tree. WILLIAM HOLMES, Hon. Sec. Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, London, E. QUICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10s., 12s., aDd 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JoHN PERKINS and BON, •'>-'. Market Si|uare, Northampton. r.( W W W , G R E K N EUONYMUS, *}\Jl\J\J\J all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 16». to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, BrightoD. Plant Now for Spring-flowering. pLEARANCE SALE OF BULBS \J at Rehired r, HYACINTHS, TULIPS, DAFFODILS, NARCISSI. CROCUS, SNOWDROPS, CHIONODOXA, &c, lie. Priced LIST free on application, BARR iro SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. THE HARDEN ANNUAL, ALMANACK, and ADDRESS BOOK for ]-:«.. The most Complete and Accurate Reference Book for theuseof all Interested in Gardens yet published. The Alphabetical Lists of all Branches of the Horticultural Trade have been corrected up to the loth of November. The Lists of Gardens and Country Seats (contain- iug over SuOO), have been very carefully and extensively revised, and are admitted to be the most complete ever published. True Is.; post-tree Is. 3d.— Of all Bookseller-, Newsagents, Nurserymen and Seedsmeu, or from the Publishing Office, 37. Southampton Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C, SUTTON'S NEW CUCUMBER, " PRIZEWINNER." '• a splendid Cucumber, the darkest green in colour I ever saw ; \ ery prolific, good length, and covered with a fine bloom. Requires less heat than most of the frame varieties, very good indeed."— Mr. W. Pock, The Garden-. Castle. Price 8s. M. per packet, Post-free. Foi ticulara of Sutton's Specialties in Vegetables, Potato-, and -ee Sutton's •■Amateur- , plete gardening annual issued. l'rice It., Post-free; gratis to customers ordering goods value 20s. and upwards. Sutton s gi m.. o, m , .. > , ,-, [,v Dkbect Fbom SUTTON 1SD SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. To the Trade. A COPY of our WHOLESALE LIST of Agricultural. Q I iwej 8 Is lot 1 now been posted to all our Customers. In case of miscar- riage, another < lopy n ill be promptly sent on application. JACOB WRENCH am. suns, 39, King Willi. no Street, London Bridge, London, E.C. E- ENDERS' PRIZE PETUNIAS, the finest stra Grand Double Fringed, l<«rf. and 8f. per packet i Single Fringed, new, saved from tine fringe. 1 Mower., 8s. per packet ; single Striped, specialty for 40 years, Is. and is. per packet, in is tMs. Benders' Double, the finest obtain.,!: ■ i Ml "',1 l.i il ,: tySecdfreeonapplication. HEMiER am, SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. OSES ! ROSES ! ! RUSES ! ! !— The best and cheapest in the world. 10 choice Perpetual* for 81*. Purchaser's selection from (00 besl varieties, CATALOG, BS lr application, Ten acres of Roses, 100.000 grand plants toselacl horn. Plant now. Grower, Eseter. STRAWBERRIES, l..-a for 6s. 6rf., 100 for 21s. ., ,, 9 to i>J inches round, 12 for 5s., 100 for 30s. ,, ,, 10 to 10J inches round, 12 for 7s. 6rf., 100 for 80s. Better Bulbs impossible. Special Trade Prices. AMERICAN " TEARL " TUBEROSES, just arrived, 12s. tirf. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA "THE BRIDE," 6s. 6rf. per 100. „ BRENCHLEYhNSIS, scarlet, Ss.Cvl. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CROENTUM, very dark form, immense Japanese bulbs, Is. each, 10s. dozen. „ ALBUM KK.irrZEUI.purewhite.lL's.doz. „ WASHINGTONIANOM (Californian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs. 22s. per dozen. „ HUMBOL1 )T1I, gigantic bulbs, L'is.perdoz. , PARDALINUM MICHAUXIL large clumps. 2s. tSd. and 3s. 6 *_ Chester. CANT'S NEW ROSE CATALOGUE. The Best and Most Reliable Descriptive List ever published. Post-free on application to BENJAMIN R. CANT, COLCHESTER. pUTBUSH'S MILL- IE TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price 65. per bushel (\s. extra per bushel for package), or <6d. per cake ; free by parcel post. Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions i enclosed, with our signature attached. 3 WM. CUTBUSH and SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries. N. SPECIAL OFFER TO CLEAR. SO.000 Native Scotch FIR, IS to 18 inches, 8s. ,\i. per 1000. 50,000 „ „ FIB, 15 to 18 inches, 10s. 6d. per 1000. 50,000 „ „ FIB, 18 to 24 inches, 12s. 6d. per 1000. CLEA.X WELL-GROWX STIFF. WISEMAN, Nurseryman, Elgin, N.B. JARMAN'S BULBS, ROSES, FRUIT TREES, &c. Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application. JARMAN & CO., CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES, MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., of Calcot Gardens, Heading, Berks, is the largest Grower of Prize Cob Filbert Trees for Sale in the Kingdom. No garden should be without one of these most proline Trees. Price LISTS, &c, on application. THE BRUGES ORCHID HOUSES LARGE AND GOOD PLANTS AT TUT LOWEST PRTCES. Particulars on application to HRI. VANDER STBAETEN, IN BRUGES (BELGIUM). CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— We offer one of the largest aud richest collections ever grown ; embracing, as it does, all the renowned Eng- lish, American, Continental, and Japanese Novelties. Cuttings post-free, our selection, 2s. per dozen; 15s. per 100. Extra choice and new sorts, 4.?. and 6s. per do/.en. Plants ready about February. Orders booked now. A FEW SPECIALTIES.— You should send for this Small List— gratis and post-free — as wefeel sure it will interest you. In it will be found descriptions of several rare and desir- able plants that are not to be found in any other list; also, such beautiful, little-known species as "the foam flower," "the tkki-: anemone," &c; besides such Novelties as the Kelsey (Japan) Plum. &c. CLIBRAN'S EJCHARIS MITE-KILLER. —All may now grow and flower the beautiful Eucharis if only cultivated with ordinary care, and according to directions. See Testimonials, gratis and post-free. Half-pints, Is. §d. ; pints, '2s. 6d. ; quarts. Is. Gd. ; half-gallon. Is. tW. ; 1 gallon, 12s. 6rf. THE INSECTICIDE of INSECTICIDES. —"Lemon Oil" is steadily forcing its way to the very foremost position amongst all In- secticides. Nearly all the principal Gardeners and Nurserymen use it, as they find it to be the cheapest, most effective, and safest in the market. Pints, Is. 6d. ; quarts, 2s. 9d. ; half- gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9s.; 4 gallon tins, 34s. May be procured from most Seedsmen and Nurserymen ; or from Clibrana', Nurserymen, Altrincham ; Also. 10 nd 12, Marke Ma GEO.JACKMAN&SON beg to offer a large and well-grown stock Of the following: — FRt'IT TREES— Of the leading varieties suitable for Marker And Private Gardens. ROSES -Choice and Exhibition Varieties, selected Standard* and Dwarfs; also in pots for forcing. RHODODENDRONS— Of the best named sorts, well set with buds; also Hybrid, Seedling, and Ponticum, for shrubbery and covert planting. CONIFERS— A Large Collection for Lawns and Pleasure Grounds. SHRUBS — Ornamental and Flowering, adapted for Belts, Shrubberies, Screens, &c. TREES— Ornamental and Flowering, for Parks, Avenues, Streets, and Private Gardens. FOREST TREES— For Coverts, Screens, &c, all grown by thousands. CLIMBERS-Iu large variety for Walls, Trellises, Rockwork, &c, including their celebrated Clematis. G. J. & Son have also to offer a NEW CLEMATIS "MRS. BARON VEILLARD " — a hand- some variety of the Jackmanii type. It is a vigorous grower, bearing a profusion of distinct light lilac rose flowers, of medium size, from July to October. It can be highly recommended for its good qualities, aud should be added to every collection. Price on application. LANDSCAPE GARDENING— A leading feature. Plans made and Estimates given for Laying-out Estates, Public Parks, Cemeteries, Private Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds. The New Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUE, free on application. WOKING NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. Nothing so profitable and easy to grow. 74 Acres in stock. DAOCC 20 Acr«- r\ \J OuOi Bushes 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. [^ Pa-:kiug and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 16*. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Acrea. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12*., 18*., and 24*. per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. Jakbaby 4, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. SELECT GARDEN SEEDS. IRELAND & THOMSON BEG TO ANNOUNCE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE priced CATALOGUE OP VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS, FRENCH HYBRID GLADIOLI. AND OTHER GARDEN REQUISITES, FOR 1890, Is now Ready, and will he. sent Post-free on application. 81, PRINCES STREET, EDINBURGH. CHR. LORENZj german All Flower and Vegetable Se:i: ire supplied Past-tree, and arrive i NOW READY the English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE with more than two hundred ljnautiful Engravings, and exacl Cultural Direction". GRATIS and POST-FREE, on application. 2(4. I'm RGEST AND OLDEST SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. mthin 10 days after receipt of Order. lie/ore you Order SEEDS FOB THE SPRING, ILLUSTRATED fp CATALOGUE for Owners of hardens and Amateurs, of the Largest and Oldest Seed House on the Continent, CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, B lamanbySi I Warrant to HM tin ' ■ sg of Saxony, H.M the Xing of Bavaria, II. M. the King ol the Netherlands, H.M. the Kingof Roumania, II. M thi H 11.1:11. the Orand Duke of Hesse, ll.ll. the Duke of Anhalt. 100 103, JOHN STREET, ERFURT, GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS. THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (By Royal Warrant Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen) IMI'llli: THAT IHtlP. W-fPIMlVEJ CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, & c . , for 1 « 0 O, /-■ »"»' ready, and may be had I' vn application, EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Me thven'8 Choice Strain). w , i . Purple, Scarlet, Crimson, and Snow chile, Wall- leaved. In packets. Is., 2s. ■ pei Truck of I ton9; Bags, each; 10 Bat l;miu N and BLACK I IBROI 9 PEAT lis. pel Ton, or I- per Truck "i i ton Bags, each ; 10 Baa , i n \ r. for formin • Rhododendron, Bog, and ime Planl edS| |5 per Ton, or 90s. per Truck oi 6 tons. THOMAS WALKER, Tekels, Camberley, Surre] . BEESON'S MANURE.— Tho Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins. Is.. 2». M., it. Hi., and 10». id. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. VM. Bv all Se„,|..„, ..„ ,„ ,,,, lv direct to W. II. BEESON, Carbrooli Bon Hill b H! ! 1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 18'JO. GENUINE SEEDS ROYAL GREAT VEGETABLE CONFERENCE. II OR TI 0 UL T UU A L S 0 CIET Y'S GA RDENS, September 24//;, 2bth, and 26th, 1889. cm s wick, THE FOLLOWING 34 CERTIFICATES OF MERIT WERE AWARDED TO JAMES VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSE For the High-class Quality and Types of Vegetables FROM THEIR OWN STRAINS BEAN, RUNNER. Early Golden Cluster, Fillbasket. BEET. De-war's Dark Red. Eclipse. BORECOLE. Cottagers. Extra Dwarf Green Curled. BRUSSELS SPROUTS. Paris Market. CABBAGE. Early White Flat Drumhead Hardy Geen Colewort. CARROT. Long- Red Surrey. I CAULIFLOWER. Veitch's Pearl. For particulars <\f the above and other CELERY. Sandringham Dwarf White. CHICORY. Witloef. ENDIVE. Improved Green Curled. Improved Round-leaved. Moss Curled. LETTUCE. Blonde de Berlin. Lorthois. KOHL RABI. Green Vienna. Purple Vienna. ONION. Brown Globe. Brown Spanish. Genuine Seeds, see Illustrated and Descriptive Seed Post-free on application. A, LONDON, S.W., grown at their trial grounds OF SEEDS. ONION. Southport Red Globe. Queen. PARSNIP. Improved Hollow-Crowned. SAVOY. Drumhead. Dwarf Green Curled. Early Dwarf Ulm. De Vertus. TOMATO. Ham Green Favou-rite. Golden Queen. TURNIP. Extra Early Milan. Early Snowball. Veitch's Red Globe. CATALOGUE for 1890, forwarded Gratis and THE FOLLOWING 13 CERTIFICATES OF MERIT WERE ALSO AWARDED TO VEGETABLES GROWN FROM VEITCH'S GENUINE SEEDS. ONION. BEAN. Canadian Wonder Mohawk CABBAGE. Ellam's Early Spring CAULIFLOWER. Veitch's Autumn Giant LEEK, Musselburgh The Lyon Exhibited by Mr. Wythes. „ Mr, Wythes. Mr. Willard, „ Mr. Lambert. Mr. Lambert. Mr. Lambert. Bedfordshire Champion PEA. Duke of Albany Ne Plus Ultra Prodigy Stratagem Telephone TURNIP. Early White Stono . Exhibited by Mr. Wythes. „ Mr. Lambert. Mr. Goodaere. „ Mr. Lambert. „ Mr. Goodaere. „ Mr. Lambert. „ Mr. Lambert. For particulars of the above and other Genuine Seeds, see Illustrated and Descriptive Seed CATALOGUE for 1890, forwarded Gratis and Post-free on application. VEITCH & SONS, ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, CHELSEA. Jantaby 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. WILLIAMS' NOVELTIES FOR 189Q. Sold only in Scaled Packets bearing our Trade Mark. EARLEY'S HARDY CURLED SPROUT. This new variety was raised by Mr. William Early, of Ilford, from whom we have secured the entire stocfc of this valuable Vegetable. He describes it as follows: — "A cross the Brussel Sprouts aud Kale, Scotch Curled. The latter was crossed with Brussel Sprout pollen- This haa produced a robust variety with true Brussel Sprout habit, the foliage being midw.iy between the two parents. Per Packet ... 2s. 6d. NEW ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED BEET. (MCGREGOR'S FAVOURITE.) Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Horti- cultural Soelety, September 25, 1888. The leaves aiv of a rich bronzy-crimson colour, narrow, arching, about 0 to 8 inches long, and fold in^ar!-, r in habit a namra teared Dr Per Packet ... Is. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA, " FIRE-FLY." \ itiful semi-double variety. The colour is of a deep crimson, wmewhat more intense in shade than "Met*or." ery true from seed, and will be found mo-' i able for conservatory decoration. Per Packet 3s. 6d. PRIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA, " EMPRESS." 1 ' 'lour is a Dg tone. Per Packet ... 3s. 6d. Illustrated Seed Catalogue for 1800, containing descriptions, Illustrations, Testimonials, fyc.,wUl be forwarded gratis and post-free to n/t applicants B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, and BUSH HILL PARK. ENFIELD. The GLASS :,l RUCT1 II I feet, EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED TO i'1'LTUKE OF ORCHIDS, I'ALMS, and FERNS. Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering Plants in variety, Orns i I Plants, Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, K ^. Shrubs, &c. [nspeotion of the Stoca ii HUGH LOW & CO. FRUIT TREES A SPECIALTY. APPLES.- -Th,: largi • itc I. in U Dwarfs, s thiaautu PEARS, Hardy, and all sort,, lor Fruit Trees all. STRAWBERRIES. of ihe best Collections in the Trade, including Union's m Abridged LIST free, Full Descriptive CATALOGUE, con taining nnnh useful Information, id, ; free to t'orrljasers. JOHN WATKIN8, Fruit Tree Grower, POMONA Nt'ltSHKIKS, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. STANDARD SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE AND CO., SLEAFORD. Chakles Shakce & Co.'s Illustrated Des- criptive SEED LIST for 1890, has been Posted to all our Customers, and a Copy will be sent Post-fra on application. NOVELTIES. SHARPE'S " VICTORY " PEA, 2s. 6d. per pint packet. ,, " EMPRESS," 3s. per quart packet. ,, " QUEEN," .;.. per quart packet. „ "SIR F. A. MILBANK." 2*. per quart j ,, " TRIUMPH," 2s. per quart packet. ,, "PARAGON," 2s. per quart packet. ,, "STANDARD" POTATO, 6d. per p rand. ,, "VICTOR" ,, 4*. perstone. ,, " DUKE OF ALBANY," do., 2*. per stone. „ "MONARCH" BROCCOLI, Is. 6d. per packet, ,, "STANDARD" CABBAGE, K per packet. ., "STANDARD," BRUSSELS SPROUTS, 1-. 6d. per packet. ,, " EPICUREAN " CUCUMBER, 3». per ' S rpi a SEED LIST for 1890, Post-free on application. SHARPE'S SPECIAL COLLECTIONS OF GARDEN SEEDS. The bfst assorted and the most liberal collections offered. For a Large Garden Ditto (quantities proportion- ately reduced.) For a Small Garden For a Cottage Garden For a Cottager's or Artiznn's Garden The Combination Collection of Vegetable and Flower Seeds and Potatos 11 CHARLES SHARPE A CO.'S SPECIAL COLLECTION for EXHIBITION con- tains all their best Varieties of Vegetable Seeds for Exhibition, 5s., Post-free, CHARLES SHARPE and CO. offer Valuable Prizes at many Floral and Horticultural Exhi- bitions daring 1800, for particulars of which nee their Illustrated /'< scriptix < CA TA LOGUE FOR 1890, Gratis and Pout-free. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED MERCH ..NTS, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. STANDARD SEEDS. As a Supplement TO THE Gardeners' Chronicle FOR Next Week, January 11, WILL BE Published an Inlc Photograph OF A S TO V E - II 0 U S E AT REDLANDS, GLASGOW. THE (Sank itm' df hnmklt. SATURDAY. JANUARY I, L800. NOVELTIES OF THE PAST YEAB. Following the time-honoured practice of reviewing the triumphs and gains of horticulture daring the preceding year, and taking note of the novelties in plants introduced from foreign sources, or raised by our hybridists at home, we now afford our readers once more a condensed account of the last year's work. Undoubtedly the greatest object of interest which has passed under review is the Amorpho- phallus titanum, which flowered in the Royal Gardens, Kew, last June, and about, which ButHcianl was said at the time, Among the Orchids brought into notice daring the past year, .Messrs. James Veitoh & Son have, as usual, introduced many fine things, their marvellous and extensive collections of hybrids furnishing some of the best plants of the season. Their Cymbidium oburneo-Lowianum x is a noble plant, with large wax-like fragrant Bowers, with sepals ami petals delicately tinged like old ivory. The Lselic- Cattleya aurora > and L.-C. Cassiope> are both line plants, with forms of l.alia pumila as one of their parents, and whose influence aids greatly in securing plants of dwarf habit, with richly coloured flowers of great size. The beautiful I. alia Victoria X, raised by Messrs. Veitch, has during the past year, been awarded a Certificate in the case of a plant shown by Baron Schroder, as well as the chaste Dendrobium euosmum leu- copterum and I), micans, the latter a I). VVard- ianum and 1». litaiflorum x, and both of the most beautiful of recent hybrids have received honours from the Royal Horticultural Society. Lfelio-Cattleya l'allas, for which Messrs. Veitch received a first-class Certificate; on December 10, is a fine novelty, with very rich colouring in the labellurn. But the plant which attracted more attention than any other during the'ycar was the THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1890. same firm's L.-C. Digbyana — Mosshcx, that ex- quisitely formed flower with the colour of C. Mossiee, and quaint fringed lip of Lfelia (Bras- savola) Digbyana, which was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society on May 14, and for which the Orchid Committee unanimously voted a Silver Medal. Another much admired plant is the beautiful white Lfelia autumnal is alba, flowered by Messrs. Veitch during last year, and which when ex- hibited divided attention with the lovely Lrelia prrestans alba, for which Mr. William Bull the same day received a' First-class Certificate, and which is one of the finest and rarest introductions of the year. The handsome Cypripedium Tautzi- anum lepidum has flowered with Mr. Bull, its introducer, and at the same establishment several fine spotted Odontoglossums and new forms of Lfelia elegans and L. purpurata — notably L. p. rubicimda have appeared. Another worthy introduction of 1880, which ha? not yet flowered, but which was deter- mined at Kew as distinct, is Grammatophyllum Measuresianum, imported by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. ; the plants are stout growers, ornamental in habit, and when they bear the long dense spikes of richly-coloured yellow, crimson, and purple flowers, as indicated by the dried specimens, they will form fine objects. Also with Messrs. Sander during 1889 have flowered their new hybrid C. labiata Ballantineix, a good thing, which flowers when " labiatas " are scarce ; their Dendrobium nobile Sanderianum ; one of the largest and brightest-coloured forms of that favourite plant, I), transparens album, a very desirable variety. Their Odontoglossum Wendlandianum and 0. Ilunnewellianum are pretty introductions, the former very rare, and the latter plentiful, and exhibiting great variety, some of the forms being indifferent, while others are very neat and beautiful. Cattleya Brymeriana has also been certificated to the St. Albans firm, who have also late in the 3-ear flowered several quite new species, which had better, in justice to them, stand over until next season. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. scored in 1888 with the charming Vanda Amesiana and Phakenopsis gloriosa, last year the companion plants, Vanda Kimballiana and P. Schilleriana alba, certificated to Geo. Firth, Esq., were two worthy introduc- tions accredited to them. V. Kimballiana is a gem requiring a cool temperature, growing freely, and producing profusely its rich flowers with their admirably contrasting amethyst label- lums. The pretty ^specimens certificated to Messrs. Low and Sir Trevor Lawrence on August 13, took the fancy of all, and since that date the beauty and usefulness of the plant have been proved everywhere. The first of the Lowian hybrids, too, C. Claptonense x , a cross between C. Harrisianum and C. villosum ; and another distinct variety, C. de Witt Smith x , between C. Spicerianum and C. Lowii, has to be recorded from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. The Cypripediums appearing from many esta- blishments, the result of their hybridising operations, threaten to become confusing, unless some means be adopted for fixing the same names to the same crosses wherever they may have been obtained. One of the prettiest of the season is C. Niobex, which Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son obtained between C. Spicerianum and C. Fairrieanum. All the forms previously raised with the last named for one of the parents are indescribably attractive, and C. Niobe x is no exception; C. Galatea majus x, too, a cross between C. Harrisianum and C. insigne Chan- thiii, which Mr. Ballantine recently flowered in Baron Schroder's collection, is a good thing. C. T. B. Haywood, from the same collection, is fine ; and the C. nitidissimum of Mr. Norman Cookson, a cross between C. caudatum and C. conchiferum, is a fine addition to the free-growing Selenipedium section, at whose head the noble C. grande x of Messrs. Veitch yet stands. Mr. Cook- son also obtained the stately C. Pitcherianum x and a pretty hybrid in Masdevallia Courtauld- ianax ; and Messrs. Veitch two more in M. EllisianaX and M. caudata-Estradre, all of which have been duly described in these columns. In the hybrid houses of Drewett O. Drewett, Esq., at Riding Mill-on-Tyne, C. Beatrice x , a form obtained out of C. Lowii and C. Boxallii, has flowered, also other interesting varieties, the best of which is probably that resulting from the intercrossing of C. caudatum and C. Schlimii, though how it is to make way against C. Schro- rtene , which is a step in advance of it, must be left for collectors to determine. In the famous collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., two long-nursed hybrid Cypripediums flowered in 1889, viz., C. pictura- tumx, a flower somewhat resembling C. Horni- anumx,and of which the parentage is not re- corded, but in its production C. Spiceranum evi- dently took part, and C. Morgan.-c, Burford variety, a slightly varying and good form of the noble C. Morgamex, raised by Mr. Seden at Messrs. Veitch & Son's establishment; Acineta, maculata, Catasetum barbatum proboscideum, Maxillaria fuscata, and other new or rare Orchids of especial botanical interest, have been ex- hibited by and certificated to Sir Trevor Lawrence during the year ; and in the same class of plants the interesting collection of A. H. Smee, Esq., at Hackbridg--, has contributed a number of quaint and showy things. It is pleasant to note the rising interest in Catasetums, several new forms of which have lately appeared in the col- lection of Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, one new form of C. tabulare, named C. t. Ifeve, from its departure from the type, curiously enough flower- ing in a batch, and all consistently alike. The new Catasetum galeritum pachyglossum, of Sir Trevor Lawrence, gives another instance of variability in this eccentric genus. Among the species of Cypripedium, C. Roths- childianum and C. Elliottianum have both been well exhibited, the former by Mr. Hill, from Lord Rothschild's gardens, and the latter by Mr. Whellans, from the Duke of Marlborough's, from whence, also, some new forms of Lfelia elegans are reported. Other fine new Orchids which have appeared in 1889 are Sobralia xantholeuca alba, Veitch & Son ; Cypripedium Minerva x (Measures), Odon- toglossum grande, Tautz's var. ; Miltonia vexil- laria purpurea, and the pretty O. egregium 1 F. out 18 inches in height, pierced with holes, to imitate caverns, and placed in water. Little ships sail on the water, and various plants such as Bamboos, Palms, and the like are planted at the water's edge. The rock represents a landscape with houses, and little villages with little human figures placed at the foot or at a certain height on it, and planted with groves or single large trees. The imitation is carried so far that the various forms of the rocks, tufa, stalactites, limestone, &c. are all correctly represented. These " miniature rock-gardens for rooms" are so much in favour in Japan, that they mav be found in the dwellincs even of the poorest classes. M. Vallon and M, P. Maury have recently devoted interesting articles in the Bulletin of the Botanical Soviet;/ of France to a discussion of the methods employed by the Japanese and Chinese in producing the stunted trees made use of for room decoration. In some instances a Pine tree is sawn across at a little distance above the soil. Adventitious shoots are produced in consequence, and of these one is preserved, the others being cut away. The new shoot is allowed to grow for a little while, and then nearly the whole of it is cut away and replaced by a lateral shoot bent at right angles ; a new leader shoot is formed from this, and is treated in the same manner, and so on. The Japanese also cut across the main tap root, as a result of which many side roots are formed, only thetips of which are allowed to remain in the soil, so that what with the continued pruning aud twisting uf the blanches and the suppression of the main roots, a stunted growth is assured, and maintained by continuous attention and prolonged starvation. The trees made use of are mainly Coniferous; but others, such as Trachelospermum jasminoides, Nandina domestica, Japanese Maples, &c, are employed, the latter plants being grafted. Under this treatment the trunk often assumes the form of a large irregular mound, which may be of a very considerable age — a century or more — though of 6uch small dimensions (see fig. 2, p. 12). Naturally, from the amount of attention and time required to produce them, the price of these productions is high. M. Maury adds some interesting particulars wbicli he received from a Japanese botanist. The seeds are sown in very small pots, the seedliugs are allowed to grow till the pots are full of roots, when they are January 4, 1800. THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE shifted into other pots scarcely larger than before. Thus treated the greater part of the main tap-root dies, the remaining portion emitting secondary roots, which are subjected to a similar starring process, with a result that they often project above the sur- face, and support the plant as on stilts. The branches as they grow are tied down and twisted in all possible directions, something after the approved pattern of a specimen plant at a European flower show ! M, Maury states that actual pruning is not resorted to, the starving and bending of the new shoots as they are formed being New or Noteworthy Plants. AERIDES AUGUSTIANUM, Bolfe.n.sp. A species of this beautiful but difficult genus has been sent to Kew for determination, by M. Lucien Linden, Administrative Director, L'Horticulture Internationale, Pare Leopold, Brussels, which appears different from any species I can find described, and for which the above name is proposed. It is allied to A. Roebelenii, Kchb. f., but differs in certainly very elegant. The plant is about 9 inches high, and bears eight gracefully arching leaves, about 6 or 7 inches long, and 1 j in diameter, dark green, and unequally bilobed. The arching raceme is about 9 inches long, and bears about thirty flowers of a light rosy shade, and from 1 to over lj inches long. Sepals and petals roundish-oblong, obtuse. Lip three-lobed ; side-lobes falcate-oblong, rounded, or nearly truncate above, margin entire ; front lobe much longer, broadly oblong ; margins crenulate, apex somewhat bilobed. Spur decidedly longer than front lobe of lip, measuring about l'"lO. 1.— JAPANESE HOCSE-GABDBH, (bEE F. 8.) ound sufficient for the purpose. Sometimes as ft result of this incessant torture all the branches die, leaving only the stump, in the shape of a thick shapeless stock, on which buds are grafted, so that from the same stock numerous different varieties — say of Nandina domestica — may issue. The principles upon which these strange growths are produced are thus easily understood, while patience and perseverance in their application produce the desired results. As curiosities and illustrations of vegetable phy- siology they are interesting, but they cannot, to our notions, be cited as illustrations of good gardening. its longer, stouter, nearly straight spur, also In the flowers being rose-coloured, not pallid greenish- white. It was discovered in the Philippine Islands by M. Auguste Linden, who had the misfortune to lose his left leg by an accident during his travels, and after whom it is named, by request. The mate- rials at hand are a coloured drawing of the entire plant, and a living raceme, said to have been taken from a much smaller plant, which had been sent to Ghent, and the flowers somewhat damaged. The drawing shows larger flowers and brighter colours than the living raceme, but I am assured it is a faithful representation of the species, and it is three-quarters of an inch, nearly straight, and some- what stout. It is proposed to publish a figure of the plant in an early number of the Lindcnia. I may add that there appears to be a rose-coloured plant in gardens called A. Roebelenii ; whether it is iden- tical with the present species, I cannot say; but it certainly does not agree with the one originally described by Ileichenbach. li. A. Rolfe, Kew. Cyprifedibm Nioise, n. hyb. This is a new and very pretty hybrid, raised by Mr. Seden, of Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons' Nursery, Chelsea, between C. Spicerianum and C. Pairrieanum, the 10 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, latter being the pollen parent. It was exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on December 11 last, when it was awarded a first- class certificate. The flower has been sent to Kew by Messrs. Veitch, who informs me that the leaves are like those of C. Fairrieanum, only a little broader, 3 — 5 inches long, J — 1 j inches broad, and of a uniform green colour. The dorsal sepal has the shape and colour of that of C. Spicerianum, but in addition to the broad central band, there are numerous narrow purple nerves, which seem to me clearly to show the influence of the pollen parent. The petals are linear, oblong, and quite straight, whitish-green in colour, with about nine purple nerves, of which the central one is broader than the others, and all pass into rows of dots as they approach the base. The upper margin is beautifully undulate, the lower one less so and both are nearly ciliate, so that the influence of the pollen parent is seen to predominate somewhat in these organs. The lip, too, approaches that of C. Fairrieanum rather than the other parent, it being small, whitish-green, and almost suffused in the front with light purple brown. Staminode sub- orbicular, a little indented in the front, margin whitish, the centre nerved with dark green, in front of which there is a suffusion of light purple. We have now three hybrids, whose pollen parent is C. Fairrieanum. viz., C. vexillarium, C. Arthurianum,and the present one, and each of them are very elegant little plants The seed from which C. Niobe was raised was sown In 1884. if. A. Eol/e. Foreign Correspondence. Horticulture in Belgium in 1889. (Fhoji our Special Belgian Correspondent). Horticulture continues to make progress here ; commercial transactions, the introduction of new plants, the raising of seedlings, the publication cf reviews and special treatises, the number of exhibitions, are all manifestations of increasing activity. Exhibitions have been numerous during the year now closing. Their characteristic has been speciali- sation ; and on Roses, Orchids, and Chrysanthemums, the efforts of the principal societies have in a large degree been centred. The Chrysanthemum, which was somewhat depre- ciated three or four years ago, is to-day the fashion- able flower with us. The public is seized with a somewhat exaggerated liking for this pretty Oriental flower which has been a favourite of the English for so long. It does not require that the amateur — for the Chrysanthemum is before all, in Belgium, an amateurs' plant — should possess costly accessories, or phenomenal fortunes. We have not here the numerous winter gardens Which exist in England, nor the wealth of our neigh- bours across the channel. With one or two rare exceptions, our amateurs are men of moderate means and modest pretensions ; thus it is easy to under- stand the enthusiasm with which the " golden flower " hps been welcomed in our small country. The blooms which English horticulturists sent us had a decisive influence on our Chrysanthemum growers, who are striving now which shall approach the closest to the English standard. The Chrysanthemum is not exactly a plant from Which the nurseryman will realise great profits, but It has the advantage of creating amateurs, who will, pass on from the love of the Chrysanthemum to that of other plants, and will little by little reconstruct that brilliant phalanx of horticultural amateurs, of which Belgium was formerly so proud. Orchids do not appear likely to lose the position which they have enjoyed for so long a time. Our nur- serymen at the Paris Exhibition brilliantly main- tained their reputation with choice collections sent to nearly all the temporary shows. Our publications have given much prominence to charming introductions from the tropics, both in the text and in the form of coloured plates and cuts. At the meetings at Ghent and at Brussels, the chief features were, among Orchids, some new introductions, many obtained by hybridisation. Orchidias are very numerous, and nurserymen who have not, at least, a few specimens of Orchids are thinly scattered, and the salons where these fine flowers are not found are rare. A bouquet of natural flowers wherein Orchids are not included is no longer thought worthy of notice. Except for the great auction sales of Orchids which the English have established on the Continent, and especially in Belgium, there is no doubt that these flowers would never have crossed the threshold of the salon. These public sales, regarded at first with suspicion by our traders, have finally created an im- portant branch of our commercial horticulture. They have had in our country a considerable influence on science, as we will hope to show some other time. The increasing taste for flowers which has been manifested by the Belgian public has had its influence on the arts also. A couple of instances will prove this. At the recent displays of Chrysanthemums at Ant- werp, Ghent, and Brussels, especially in the first- named city, many artists showed works in which the Chrysanthemum was the chief object. Many of these pictures had a real artistic value. The tendency of our horticultural societies to attract the attention of artists strikes me as a happy one, as art may thus become the reporter of the progress of horticulture. We have in Belgium many amateur photographers' societies, and among the members a tendency is growing, which I am happy to observe — it is the portrayal of the distinctive characters of particular flowers. At a recent photographic exhibition in Ghent, two exhibitors had excellent photographs of Cypripediura. Photography may be made of much service to horticulture by at once fixing the cha- racter of flowers which only endure a short time, and for that purpose it has the advantage over painting. While speaking of pictures, I should like to mention that capital portraits of Chrysanthemums were executed for the Ghent show by an artist at Yokohama, Mr. Kumehara. The Chrysanthemum fancy has also had its eft'ect on the ceramic art. In place of the generally seen fantastic plants, we now see good representations of the Chrysanthemum. Florists' Flowers. CHKYSANTHEMUM CULTURE AT THE ANTIPODES. One of the latest Societies affiliated to the National Chrysanthemum Society is that of the Auckland Chrysanthemum, New Zealand. The culture of the favourite autumn flower appears to have taken considerable hold upon the florists there, and several of the medals of the National Chrysanthemum Society will be offered for competition at their next Exhibition at Auckland. It seems curious that their Chrysanthemum Show should take place in April, but that is an inevitable geographical difference. The Auckland Society have just published, for the benefit of its members, a pamphlet giving directions for the culture of the Chrysanthemum, and hints on exhibiting it. It would appear that open air culture of this flower is much more common than with us in this country, and exhibition flowers are had from plants growing in the open. The soil in which they are grown is rich ; it is highly manured and deeply stirred, so as better to retain moisture during the dry weather. The site selected for the bed is one sheltered from strong winds, but clear of the shade and roots of trees. Culture in the Open Ground. — Cuttings are taken during October and the early part of November. Healthy root-suckers are also utilized for making plants, and bottom heat is not so generally employed in rooting them as with us, about the middle or end of November, just when our home grown plants are at the height of their bloom. The time for plant- ing out appears to be a matter of great importance, and stress is laid upon it, as the inclination o growers is to plant out too soon. In planting, it appears usual to place three plants of any one variety in the form of a triangle G or 8 inches apart, leaving about 3 feet between each triangle. When the young plants have become established and are making growth, the main stem of each is pinched back in order to induce lateral growths, and of these, the three most vigorous are chosen, the others being cut away ; and in course of time they, in their turn, are stopped, leaving three buds upon each. In reference to this second stopping-, there appears to be some difference of opinion among the Auck- land growers. Some do not adopt this plan, but allow the lateral buds on the three shoots obtained by the first stopping to break naturally. No stop- ping is done after January. At the point of each shoot flower-buds will be developed, and of these the centre or top bud is allowed to remain, unless im- perfect from any cause. When these are securely set, all the other flower-buds and side-shoots are removed, and all the powers of the plants concen- trated upon their expansion. The number of blooms permitted to each plant should not exceed niue, or at most twelve, and of these no two blooms are allowed upon the same shoot. Any shoots not required to carry blooms are removed. From the first the young plants do not receive any check from want of water. The surface is well mulched in order to keep it moist and cool. The surface is kept loose to prevent it becoming hard and baked, care being taken not to disturb the roots. During dry weather frequent syringings are given, doing this in the evening, and copious root water- ings are applied. Little or no liquid manure is administered until the flower-buds are set. Soot- water is preferred, for it is found one of the safest to use, as it helps to preserve the foliage, and imparts a dark green colour to it. But soot-water is applied with caution, and after using it for a week or so, it is discontinued for a fortnight or three weeks, when it is again applied. Sjot is sprinkled over the surface-soil in wet weather, but somewhat sparingly, and on no account is liquid manure applied in dry weather until a good soaking of water has been given to the plants. This is applied a little at a time, weak and often, and it is found to answer better than giving strong doses at longer intervals. FVom the time the flower-buds are set, until they begin to show signs of colouring, liquid manure is employed; then it is discontinued. F'rom that time the plants must on no account be allowed to suffer for want of water. Each plant is secured to a stake, and when they are planted in triangles, the stake is at the back or outside of the plant. Culture of Plants in Fots. It would appear that the main portion of the blooms exhibited are taken from the plants grown in the open, but prizes are offered at the April exhibition for specimens in pots. Cuttings rooted by November are employed for the purpose, and when well estab- lished in 4-iuch pots and growing freely, they are stopped, or pinched back, the effect being to cause lateral or side-shoots to be put forth. F'ive or six of the strongest of these are selected— such as are. evenly distributed all round the plants, so as to form a good, shapely specimen, all the rest being removed. As they increase in length they are pegged or tied down so as to form a good bottom or framework, and are stopped in their turn. They are shifted on into larger pots as required, care being taken that there is no check through being pot-bound, for lack of water, or any other attention. They aie shifted into 6-inch pots, and finally into 9 or 10-inch to bloom. Stopping is done as required, the aim of the culti- vator being to form a good bushy and symmetrical specimen. After the plants are stopped, water is sparingly applied until the side-shoots make a good start; but on no account is the specimen permitted to suffer for want of water. The plants are kept tied out as required, only such stopping as is absolutely necessary is performed, and it is not resorted to after January. When the bloom-buds January 4, 1890. THE GARDENERS7 CHRONICLE. 11 appear, they are thinned out, the number left on a good-sized plant being from thirty to fifty. The plants are kept in a cool, airy situation out-of-doors, sheltered from strong winds, and where they will not be too much exposed to the effects of hot sun. Some place their plants in an open frame minus the lights, and half plunge thera in a suitable material. The Japanese varieties, owing to the difficulty expe- rienced in training them, are regarded as the most unsuitable for forming specimens, but that expe- rience is scarcely borne out in the Old Country, where some of the Japanese varieties are grown into admirable specimens. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. L.ELIA GOULDIANA, VAR. One of the most charming novelties that has come under our cognizance is Mr. Statter's form of Lrclia (iouldiana. It appears that the plants originally came from Siebrecht & Wadley, New Bocbelle, New York, who, by the way, were also fortunate enough in flowering a nearly pure white Cattleya gigas. Messrs. Sander, St. Albans, secured a portion of the stock, and from that firm Mr. Statter, Stand Hall, near Manchester, has acquired the five or six esta- blished plants inhis possession, all of which are either showing flower, or in flower. This brilliant form under observation eclipses that figured in the Orchid Album, and as its inflorescence expands during the festive season, when both Lrelia and Cattleya flowers are so scarce, it commands more than usual interest. It apparently is one of those hybrids that have sprung np in a state of nature, showing a large proportion of the blood of Ltuliaautumnalis atrorubens with some little L. anceps, and in fact something more which may not yet be known to commence, and the follow- ing is our diagnosis of it.* Mr. Johnson, the gardener who grows this class more than commonly well, has the plant in question in a square teak basket, and judging by the maturing pseudo bulbs, which are on the increase in point of bulk, he fully understands the mode of cultivation demanded to ensure success. J. A. Vanda Ki.mmu i iana. A charming species, with terete leaves and panicles of flowers, each measuring about 2 inches across, the segments ovate, lanceolate acute, white tipped with rose, the side lobes of the lip yellow, with small purple spots, the front lobes rich carmine. Lindtnia, t. 204. O.Ncimcst coxcoLon. Lindcnia, t. 205. ClPKIPKDITJU onMANUSt X . licllb. f. A hybrid between C.barbatum, or an allied species, and C. Druryi. The editor protests against the appropriateness of the name as conveying a false im- pression. Lindtnia, t. 206. DkNDHOIIH \'.I CIU'MKNATUM. A south Chinese and Malayan species, with pseudo- bulbs dilated at the base, and with flowers disposed " The pseudo bulbs are conic-cylindrical, about half the dimensions either as to length or circumference of those of fcelia autumna is. very smooth and shining when in tho height of growth. Matured pseudo bulbs slightly channelled, showing some 6— 8 of these channels as they gettowanl. I Leaves linear acuminate, very succulent and stiff, smooth- edged, and gathered inwards towards midrib. Flowerecapes 12 to IS inches long, two to seven flowered according to culti- t at on and to seminal variety. Sepaline segment- lanceolate acuminate; petnline segments, oblate-ovate, slightly p> nted The whole being a soft, indescribable suffusion of pinkish- purple, with their bases shading with white, t'pper portion. of the labellum enveloping the column, soft shaded, with pinkish wings. The interior is singularly lean iful, nnd differing from those with which we have associate I t parent- ni , in having three very singular and verj prominent keele.1 appendages of: undulating outline, En the interior of the en- closed labellum are lines of crimson, which show very much in the matter of transverse arrangement in the lightish surface, as the vert, brie of the skeleton of some of the mammals. The ! Ion of the labellum extends itself rather widely, and Es Oj even a ruddier tint than the concolored segments. Column linear, arching, ob'ong convex. Iu the concavity it is beautifully lined, and spotted w th j.iuk on a white; ground. in terminal racemose cymes. Each flower measures about IV inch in longest diameter, and is white in colour, flushed with rose or yellow in certain cases. The flowering of the plant is noted as taking place simultaneously over a large area. Lindcnia, t. 207. GoNGORA MACULATA. A similar species, with drooping racemes of flowers, each about 2 inches in the long diameter, the segments deep yellow, spotted with reddish brown. Lindcnia, t. 20S. Angr.ecuji sesquipedale. A healthy specimen of this white-flowered Orchid at Messrs. Seeger & Tropp's Nursery, East Dulwich, is now carrying ten blooms. The plant has a single stem at the foot, and bears three heads or growths of about equal size, and the flowers are large and have exceptionally long tails. On and about the rockery at this nursery were recently noticed varieties of Liclia priestans, Oncidium raniferum, Epidendrum pallidi- florum. Cuologyne Gardneriana, Cypripedium orpha- numx, C. Javanico-superbiens, C. bellatulum, C. callosum, and others, especially fine being a huge specimen of Vanda Sanderiana. Roses. » THE BEST TIME TO PLANT ROSES. Thk sooner after the semi-maturity of the wood the better for the Roses and all concerned. The old formula and hard-and-fast line of the sooner after the full of the leaf must be dropped, in these modern days when not a few Hoses hardly shed their leaves at all, may not do so till February or March. The fact is, the disturbing effects of Tea, Bourbon, Chinese, and other blood has been so great among our Rose*, that growth is more or less perpetual among most of them, and the time of leaf-shedding extends over many months according to soils, sites, weather, and modes of culture. As a rough guide, however, for amateurs and novices among Roses, it may be stated that the best time to plant all our hardiest Teas, hybrid perpetual*, and tip- yet. hardier Moss, Prorence, and climbing Roses is included within the six weeks from October 15 to November 30. The Rose leaves may be comparatively green, and the shootlets and branches far from a state of rest. But expe- rience proves that there is something in (hat season, and more perhaps in the condition of the Rises at that particular time specially favourable to the restoration of suspended animation in the tops, and tin' prompt, almost spontaneous development of fresh root9. Now these two are really the prime factors in commanding success on the heels of plant- ing, and hence the season that cuts down inaction alike in root and top to the narrowest limits must, of necessity, be the best ; that a certain period of sus- pension of growth must follow transplantation, is a physical and vital necessity. But why the period should vary in length so greatly at different seasons of the year, and under different conditions of growth or maturity, has never been exhaustively nor satis- factorily explained. But the logic of facts is inex- orable, and the foundation of our success in practice mostly consists in following their lead ; whereas those who attempt to foist their fancies against the grain of natural facts are bound to fail. These causes at least work together during these six weeks to command success. There is a reserve of grow- ing force in the plants, a reserve of summer or autumnal heat in the soil, and the conserving force ofa moist atmosphere generally, would most correctly, as well as picturesquely, be designated a wet blunket. Some would find a fourth reason for success in the abnormal sensitiveness and activity of the roots at this particular season, and under their special vital conditions. But this may be included under the reserve of growing force, incident to this abnormally favourable season of planting. It would almost seem as if this force were dor- mant unless waked up by root disturbance and trans- plantation. As the processes of growth and maturity approach nearer to completion, vital force becomes more sluggish, and the roots take more time to gain a grip of the soil in their new quarters. This season a collection of old-fashioned Roses, planted on October 15, were re-rooted m their new quartets by the first week in Nojember, and ate now (December 23) the forwardest, most plump-budded R)ses in the entire garden. The reserve of summer and autumnal warmth in the soil through October and November, also exerts a powerful influence in seeming the disturbed and partly mutilated roots to a fresh start. Even a powerful reserve of growing force in the plants can hardly make much progress towards root growth, in a cold and semi-frozen medium ; physical chills often prove more than a match for the energy of vital force. But when the two powers of abnormal warmth and vitality run in parallel lines or couples, a speedy and extraordinary development of root growth is the natural product or result of the two. Especially is this the case when there is associated with an unusual manifestation of energy, an abnormal conservation of vital force. What practical men so forcibly designates a wet blanket, is a perfect anti- dote to the dissipation of the energy of vegetable life, and here, as in the domain of capital, a pound saved is a pound got. Possibly in both it is more and better than this, for the frictions and loss incident to the making another pound to make good the lost one is avoided. Be this as it may, the moist earth and atmos- phere, the rains, hoar frosts, fogs, the diluted light, the low temperature, all help to husband and accu- mulate, and not expend either vital sap or growing force. It is something very much to be thus enabled to preserve plants for days or weeks as they were without sensible loss, or tangible diminution of vital strength or capacity. It may also be logically inferred, that if there is no loss, there will be some real gain, and the gain will be in the direction of life. For in the state of suspended animation natural to plants immediately alter transplantation, the tops enveloped in a wet blank, t ol moist air, can lose little or nothing. Their only outlet for force or energy is through the roots, antl any effort put forth in these directions results in the formation of new roots. The moment these begin to move on towards the tops, the safety ol the Rose or other plant is assured so far as any risks incident to transplantation is concerned, and all this is but the old axiom, perhaps a little more clearly, but, far less tersely expressed, that plants sown before or in November we must succeed plants afterwards in May. D. T. F. Trade Notice. Mk. RoniiRT Walker, formerly of the Pine-opple Nursery, Edgware Road ; Minler, Nash & Nash, Strand, W*,C. ; Clarke & Sous, Covent (iitnlen ; and the Lawson Seed ami Nursery Co., Southwark, has Commenced business on his own account, as seeds- man and florist, at Church End, Finchley, London, N. The Bulb Garden. IX IAS. Anyone interested in gardening would welcome a handful of these beautiful flowers at any season of the year, notwithstanding which they arn very rarely grown. In the matter of cultivation and cost, there is nothing to hinder anyone growing them, nor is there need for annual renewal of stock, as they naturally increase fust. Ixias may be grown in pots to brighten the con- servatory anil greenhouse in late winter nnd spring and also in the open nir on a south or south-west border, where they will furnish flowers in abundance. Although not so hardy as to be left in the ground from year to year unless under special treatment, they are sufficiently so that anyone Interested may grow them if 12 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1800. if he has a frame to put over the bed, and sandy loam, about a fourth part of thoroughly decomposed manure, decayed leaf soil, and sharp sand in which to plant the bulbs. In pot culture, put half a dozen bulbs into a 48, and cover the bulbs with about one inch depth of soil, and successional batches of bulbs may be planted from October to the end of January. No attempt to force Ixias should be made, but a temperature of 40° or 45° should be re- garded as the maximum; admit air freely whenever it is possible, and keep the plants near to the glass and in full light, or they will quickly become drawn. In the open air they may be planted in the months of December and January, and in warm localities even much earlier than the first month named. By far the most satisfactory way to grow them is on a frame with Tritonias and Babianas, and the bulbs may be planted in October or November, and 4 or 5 inches deep, but later planted bulbs should not be buried more than 3 inches deep, always using plenty of sand round about the bulbs. For the open ground, a raised border of good rich soil is the best, planting them in December or Januarv, 4 inches deep, and covering the bed with a similar'depth of cocoa- nut fibre or leaf mould partly decayed, which may be removed in March. They are best when lifted annually in July or August, and dried thoroughly In a cut state, Ixia Bowers will last a fortnight, and are invaluable to those gardeners who must furnish large quantities of flowers. J. The Apiary. THE NAUGHTY HYBRID. I will venture to say, that had it not been for the offensive end of a bee, there would have been more failures in our business than we can now complain of, which is not a small number in some places. Almost everybody would keep bees, "just a few for their own use," were it not for their poisonous little darts. This is an established and well-known law in Nature which applies forcibly to the " naughty hybrid." Had it not been for the fact that hybrids, between the black and Ligurian bees, are far more irascible than either of the races from which they sprang, these bees would long ago have been the bees of present agriculture. Now it seems a little peculiar that a fairly good-natured black bee, and a still better behaved Ligurian should produce offspring totally different to either race, but such is well known to be a fact. I have said before, that there are instances of bees crossed as above that are better tempered than either of their progenitors, but these instances are few and far between, like angel's visits. In this short article, I shall endeavour to point out the reason for these two different conditions of affairs, and how I exchanged one for the other. I began my crossings from not only the best honey gatherers of each race, but also the best behaved, viz., the leather-coloured Ligurians, and also the blacks which possessed similar qualities. It has ever been my opinion that black bees, as a rule, are better tempered than Ligurians. The latter sometimes appear to be quiet, but just as you think how angelic they are going to be, they turn out very demons. As a rule, when black bees sting, it will be found that it is not the bees that are in the hive that is being manipulated that sting — except a bee is pinched, in which case it is sure to sting— but the stings are from other bees darting about near the operator. On the other hand, Ligurians attack the operator from within the hive being operated upon, and often sting long before smoke could possibly be applied. Where hybrids have done so much mis- chief, and caused so many enemies, indiscriminate mixing has been the cause, but it seems to be capable of proof that if thoroughly pure and quiet bees of each race are taken and allowed to mix, good work- ing bees will be the result. If now and then it turns out that you get a bad tempered set remove the queen, and put in one of a gentler race, and they will, of course, soon be got rid of. Bee. Plants and Their Culture. _ The Greenhouse —Greenhouses should, at this time of year, be divided into cool, and less cool, many plants suffering if given the minimum temperature, viz., 45° to 50° day, and 5° to 7° lower night tem- perature. Statices, Pimelea spectabilis, double- flowered Primulas, Pelargoniums for winter bloom- ing, tequire a warmth of 10° higher than these figures to grow well ; it therefore becomes necessary to divide the plants if space can be afforded them, so as to give those which need it, the maximum tempera- tures. In some cases a small pit may be utilised for the purpose, and thus enable the gardener to give the cool greenhouse plants the treatment suitable to in the house, and the pot sshould be often cleaned. Tetrathecas and Leschenaultias should be placed at the warmest part of the greenhouse, and where they will be untouched by cold-air draughts. Boronias and all other kinds of hard-wooded plants should be staked and tied out, but the fewest possible stakes should be employed. Chorozemas growing freely will require efficient watering, so as to get large blooms, and any training required by the plants should be done. Clay's fertiliser occasionally given, is good for Chorozemas. Bouvardias that bloomed early will now be past their best, and should be kept rather dry for a week or two, and then cut back, when they will furnish the cuttings for the next season. Good bushy stock in 7 and S-inch pots may be obtained from these if propagation be done early. As soon as the stock of cuttings is secured, the old cut back Fig. 2. — Japanese pine thee dwarfed by art. (see p. 8.) them. Great care should be taken in watering Ericas, Epacris, and New Holland and Cape plants generally at this date, as these firmly potted subjects do not absorb much moisture during the foggy, sunless days. Rain-water should, where possible, be used, and it should be afforded in quantities suf- ficient to saturatethe whole ball of earth, and if it is found that any plant is very dry at the root, the pot should be immersed in water and thoroughly soaked ; or, if one part of the ball be dry, a basin should be formed with mould round that part, and water poured into it several times. Mildew will also be troublesome, and will spread rapidly if not checked at once. Abundance of air should be given day and night in mild weather, and when fire-heat is neces- sary to exclude hard frost, a small amount of ventilation will do no harm at the top of the house. Watering should be got over early in the day, so as to allow drainings from the pots to dry up before night. Decayed foliage should never be allowed to remain plants may be thrown away, and last year's plants retained for planting out, as these are generally found large enough for most purposes. Succession plants which have been kept in a lower temperature will now furnish a supply of bloom if they are placed in a warmer house than that which they have occupied. •Solanums may be similarly treated for an early supply of plants, cuttings being secured as early as possible, and the plants when rooted kept in small pots. Car- nations must be kept free from aphis, and cuttings may be taken from old plants that are past their best ; plants raised from these taking the place of the old stock. Herbaceous Calceolarias should not be allowed to get pot-bound, and in shifting them more loam and less leaf-mould should always be employed ; a few j-inch bones or bone-dust should be added to the compost. If aphis be present on the plants, the latter should be dipped into weak tobacco-water a short time before shifting them. A few cuttings may now be Jaxuaby 4, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 13 taken if the stock of the showand fancy Pelargoniums is low, and cuttings of them made from side-shoots which strike readily in bottom-heat, and make good plants for early autumn bloom. Some of the earliest Fuchsias should be pruned and placed in a warm house to furnish a supply of cuttings. Any Fuchsias struck late in the autumn should be shifted into larger pots, and be stopped regularly all over occasionally. The stock of Chrysanthemums should be examined, and any deficiencies made good, so as to be able to discard all the old stools, and thus give room for other Plants. Eupatoriums coming into bloom will take plenty of water and weak liquid manure. Salvias, as they get pasttheir best, should be headed down, placing them in a convenient place till cuttings are secured. The cuttings will do better if the old plants are not given too much heat. It is advisable to have young plants each season, and to propagate twice at an interval of two months or thereaboats. Geo. Wythes, St/on House, Brent/or '. Fruits Under Glass. The Early Peach-hocse. — The trees beiDg now in bloom, every advantage should be taken of fine days to set the blossom, and for the purpose use a large camel-hair pencil in distributing the pollen, and go over the trees twice daily when the sun shines— at about noon, and at two o'clock. By treating the blooms in this manner, I have not hail to complain of the loss of a crop of fruit ; the pollen clings to the fine hairs of the pencil, and yet leaves them upon the slightest touch of the bloom operated upon. The brush, it may be stated, must be dry and clean. If the flowers are very thickly placed, it will be advisable to thin out the badly placed ones, that is those on the under sides of the branches, and any which may press against the wires of the trellis, these being in a bad position for swelling and colour- ing properly. In fine and mild weather every opportunity should be taken of giving air to assist the setting, and strengthen the blooms ; shut- ting up the house with sun-heat early in the afternoon ; a temperature of 60° at night, 65 to 60 by day, and 70° with sun and air may be maintained, the paths and wall-surfaces being sprinkled on fine days. The SecondB should be syringed twice a day, and kept at -IV to 50° at night, according to the state of the temperature outside, giving air by day, and shutting up with sun-heat early in the afternoon. Later House! should be got in readiness by clean- ing, and tying the trees, and top-dressing the borders without further delay. Strawberries. — As each forcing-house is put in readiness for starting, batches of early varieties of Strawberries to come on in succession may be intro- duced—a position on a shelf near the glass, where the plants are fully exposed to sunlight, being best for them. The temperature at first should range from 45° to 50°, and as the (lowers open, fertilisation as with Peaches should be practised ; and the tempe- rature at this stage should be raised a few degrees. Keep the plants well watered, and before the blooms open, give them a fumigation with tobacco, should green- fly be present. Melons. A small hotbed should be formed in the Melon-house and close to the glass, into this some small pots (GO's) should be plunged, and two seeds sown in each pot— the weaker plant, when they ger- minate, to be pulled out. The young Melons will not require much water for some time, and when they do, pour it round the inside of the pot, and without wetting the stem. A good brisk heat will require to be kept up— say, 70° to 7")° at night, and 10° higher by day. )V. Bennett, Bangemore, Burton' on- Trent. readiness. For the early crops of these vegetables, a distance of 6 feet from row to row is very suitable where the Peas are kept to themselves, and between them early Cauliflowers and Potatos are planted, and the taller kinds stand 1 foot wider apart, and Spinach, saladings, early Turnips, are planted and sown. The trenches should be 14 inches wide and the same in depth, manure being wheeled in and placed at the bottom of the trenches when the soil is hard with frost. By due attention now and later in the matter of getting in readiness the land for crops, so far as may be done, labour will be saved at seed time. Globe Artichokes. — See to the proper protection of these plants against frost, the long litter or Fern being placed closely round the old stem and above their roots. The Asparagus beds should be heavily coated with rich dung, but the alleys need not to be, or, at any rate, only very shallow, deep digging cost- ing numerous roots destroyed in the work. Spread the manure, and make the sides good, that is all that will be required at this season. Cauliflowers and Lettuces. — Plants in frames should receive air abundantly in fine weather, keeping the lights off, excepting when there is likelihood of sharp frosts. By doing this a sturdy growth is encou- raged, and the premature turning in — buttoning— of the former will be prevented. Collect tree leaves to mix with manure for hotbeds. The materials must be well mixed and allowed to heat, when the heap should be turned outside in, and after heating has endured for a week, the hotbeds may be made up for early Carrots, Potatos, Kadisbes, Lettuces, &c. Now is a good time to sow a little Parsley seed in a moderate heat, to be pricked off and subsequently planted out when the spring comes, in a sheltered part, or in a cold frame. //. Markham, Mercworth Castle, Maidstone. The Kitchen Garden. Diooino. — At the present time the chief work consists of digging, trenching, and preparing all vacant plots for the crops of the coming season. If the ground is light, this work should be pushed forward as well as when it is heavy, so that it may become firm and solid before the seeds have to be sown. Heavy and wet soils are sometimes cultivated to better advantage if the digging be done in February, anil then they should be turned up roughly. Trenches for Peas may, whenever possible, be got in Useful Memoranda. BOTANIC GARDENS, Etc., IN THE UNITED KINGDOM. Birmingham — Curator. W. H. I,;ithani. Camiiriugk -Prof. C.C. Babington ; Curator, R. I. Lynch, Chelsea (London) Society of Apothecaries. Director, Professor Ilartog. Dum ik (G tor, r Moor,.. ["rinitj I olli ;e) - Prof. E. P. Wrighl ; P. W. Burbidge, M.A. Edinbobob -Director, Prof. J.B.Balfour; Cu- rator, R, Lindsay. Gi lsoow Prof, F.O. Bower; Curator, li. Bullen. Indian Engineering College, Cooper's Hill, Staines. — Professor o( Forestry^ Dr, Schlich; Pro- II Marshall Ward. Ki ... Director, W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G . Assistant Director, D. Morris; Curator, G. Nicholson; Assistant Curator, W. Watson; Keeper of Herba- rium, Prof, Oliver; Firsl ijsistant, J.G. Baker; • -. X. E, Brown, R. A. Rolfe, Dr. Cooke, W. i;. Hemsley, <'. II Wright, .). T. Jeffrey; M .1. K. Jackson, J. M, Ilillier. Livbbpool— Curator, J. Richardson. M iNCHESTBH i iuratoi Hi uce Findlay, NTatdbai Ui mi , Mi ,i i it, Lou "■' Ki i pi r of Botany, W. Carruthers Assistants, -l Britten, G. Murray. E. (1. Baker, A. G pp, W I'. I;, mile. Normal School of Sciescb, London — Professor of Botany, Dr. Scott ; Agriculture, .1. VVrightson. I Ixfobd -Prof. 1 »r. \ no - : I 'unit or. W, Baker. Royal Butanh No. ii iy, Uegeni s Park, London. —Superintendent, W. Coomber; Secretary, W. Sowerby. Royal Hobticoltobal Society, Chiswick— Su- perintendent, A. F. Barron. Sheffield — Curator, J. Ewing, IN THE COLONIES. BRITISH GUIANA. Bbbbicb— R. Hunt. Geobobtown — Superintendent, <;. S. Jenman. CANADA. Montreal— Director, Prof. Penballow. Nova Scotia — Colonial Botanist, Dr. Lawson. Ottawa -Dominion Botanist, Prof. MacCoun. CAPE OF (.ii(il) HOPE. CAP] Town. -Director. Prof. McOwan. Graham's Town— Curator, K. Tidmarsh, Geaaf Reinbt— J, C. Smith. King William's Town. — T. G. Sim. Port Elizabeth, Uitenhaoe — H. Fairey, CEYLON. Peradeniya — Director, II. Trimen. Curator, P, Clark. FIJI. Botanic Station— H.E. Sir J. B.Thurston, K.C.M.G. HONG-KONG. Superintendent, C. Ford. INDIA. Alipore — Belvedere Botanic Garden. Calcutta — Royal Botanic Garden; Superin- tendent, Dr. G. King, F.R S. Curator, W. MeHardy. Aqei-Hobticdltubal Society of India — Secre- tary, J. Blechynden, Calcutta. Bangalore — Government Garden ; Superinten- dent, J. Cameron. Bombay— Superintendent, G. Sarstenson. Dabjbelinq — Lloyd Botanic Garden; W. H. Kenne 1; . Guorpuai— Superintendent, \V. Shearer. Monqpoo — Cinchona Plantation ; J. Gammie. Nagpdr — Horticultural Garden. Oodeypore— Superintendent, T. II. Storey. Poona — Empress Botanic Garden ; W. Shearer, E. M. Woodrow. R lnqoon— Agri-Horticultural Society. NORTH-WEST INDIA. Cawnpobe— Experimental Station; Director, J. F. Duthie. Lahore— Agri-Horticultural Society. Lucknow— Superintendent, M. Ridley. Sahabdnpobe— Superintendent, .J. Golam, MADRAS. Aqei-Hobticci ri'iui. Society. — Secretary, Edgar Thurston ; Director of Botanical Department, Oota- camund, M. A. Lawson. MAURITIUS. PAMPELMOUSSES Dnei lor, J. Home. Di'uiian — Curator, J. Medley Wood. PiKii uMuiN/.iti i.i. Curator, G. Mitchell, NEW SOI Til WALKS. Sydnei Director, Charles Moore. NEW ZEALAND. d W. ( roldie. Wellington Director, Sir James Hector. QUEENSLAND. Brisbane Acclimatisa Society — Manager, Win Soul ti i Botanh Gabdkn Colonial Botanist, F. M. Bailey. Curator, Philip MacMahon. ROCEHAMPTON —J. S. Edgar. SOU I'll AUSTRALIA. Adelaioi Director, Dr. R. Schomburgk. Port Darwin — Curator, Mr. Holtze. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS. Malacca -Assistant Superintendent, R. Derry. Penang Assistant Superintendent, C. Curtis. Peuaic Mosedm \Vi:ii'. Singapore— Director, II. N. Ridley. Gard.,W. Fox. TASMANIA. Houart Town— Superintendent, F.Abbott. VICTORIA. Geblono — Botanic Garden. Melboobnb — Government Botanist, Baron Sir Ferdinand F. von Mueller ; Botanic Garden Director, W. R.Guilfoyle. WEST AFRICA. Lagos— Superintendent, J. McNair. NlGEB Territory Botanic Garden— G. Woodruff. WEST INDIES. Antigua— Curator, Arthur J. Tillson. Barbados— Botanical Station, J. 1!. Bovill. Dominica — Curator, Chas. M. Murray. Grenada — Curator, W. Elliott. Jamaica — Director, W. Fawcett. St, Kins -Curator, O. Plumb. St. I.i CIA -Curator, J. Gray. Trinidad Superintendi nl, J, Hart. 14 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janiaiiy 4, 1S90. BOOKS. A List op Elementary and Reference Books suitable lor Garden Libraries, and useful for Young Gardeners and Amateurs to select from :— Gknehal Suimkcts. Chemistry of the Farm. B> R. Warrington. (Lon- don : Bradbury, Agnew. & Co., Bouverie Street.) Cultivated Plants, their Propagation and Improve- ment. By F. W. Barbidge, MA. (W. Black- wood & Sons ) Floriculture, Domestic, Window Gardening and Floral Decorations. By F. W. Burbidge, M.A. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Gardeners' Assistant. Bv R. Thompson. (Blackie & Son.) Gardening, Epitome of, Moore and Masters. (Adam Black & Co.) Theory uf Horticulture. See Cassell's Popular Gar- dening, articles on "Life-History of Plants." Bkks. Beekeeping. By A. Rushbridge. (E. W. Allen.) By W. B. Webster. (Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.) Botanical, Lessons in Elementary Botany. By Oliver. (Mac- millan.) Botany for Beginners. By M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew & Co.) British Flora, Handbook of. By G. Bentham, F.R.S. (L. Reeve & Co.) Elementary Course of Botany, Henfrev. Edited bv M. T. Masters, F.R.S., and A. W. Bennett. 4th ed. (Van Voorst.) Plant-Life. By M. T. Masters, F.R.S. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Students' Flora of the British Isles. By Sir J. D. Hooker. (Macmillan.) Cottage and Amateur-Gaedening. Cottage Gardening. By E. Hobday. (Macmillan.) Garden Calendar. By T. W. Saunders. (Adams &Co.) Paxton's Cottager's Calendar, price 3d. (41, Wel- lington Street, Strand.) Dictionaries, &c. Alpine Flowers. By W. Robinson. (Murray.) Cassell's Popular Gardening. 4 vols. (Cassell & Co.) Cottage Gardener's Dictionary. (Bell & Sons.) Dictionary of English Plant Names. By J. Britten and R. Holland. (Trubner & Co.) Dictionary of Gardening. Edited by G. Nicholson. (Upcott Gill, 170, Strand.) 4 vols. Encyclopedia of Plants. By Loudon. (Longmans.) English Flower Garden. By VV. Robinson. (Mur- ray.) Treasury of Botany. Edited by J. Lindley and T. Moore. 2 vols. (Longmans.) Diseases. Diseases of Field ami Garden Crops. By W. G. Smith. (London: Macmillan & Co.) Diseases of Plants. By H. Marshall Ward. (Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge.) Diseases of Timber. By II. M. Ward. (Macmillan.) Forestry, Trees, &c. Arboriculture. By J. Grigor. (Edinburgh: Ed- monston & Douglas.) Conifers, Manual of. (J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.) Evergreens (Conifers), the Book of. By J. Hoopes. (Trubner & Co.) Grafting and Budding. By C. Baltet. (London : Garden Office, 37, Southampton Street.) Forestry, Practice of. By C. Y. Michie. (Black- wood & Sons.) Hardy Trees, Shruhs, and Herbaceous Plants, Handbook of. By Deeaisne, Naudin, and Hems- ley. (Longmans. Green & Co.) Larch, The. By C. Y. Michie. (Blackwood & Sons.) Manual of Forestry. By Dr. Schlich. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co., Bouverie Street.) The Forester. By J. Brown. (Edinburgh and London : W. Blackwood & Sons.) Tree Pruning. Des Cars. (Rider & Sons.) Willow, Cultivation of. By Scaling. (Kent & Co.) Fruit. British Apples, Apple Congress Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) Fruit Book, the Hardy. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : Bazaar Office, 170, Strand.) Fruit Culture under Glass, Handybook of. By D. Thompson. (Edinburgh and London : W. Black- wood & Sons.) Fruit Farming for Profit. (G. Bunyard, Maidstone.) Fruit Garden, the Miniature. By T. Rivers. (Long- mans.) Fruit Manual. By Dr. R.Hogg. (171. Fleet Street.) Fruit Trees, Culture of. By M. De Breuil. Lock- wood & Co.) Orchard House. Bv T. Rivers. (Longmans.) Pear Congress Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) (Macmillan.) Pine-apple, Culture of the. By D. Thomson. (W. Blackwood & Sons.) Profitable Fruit Growing. By J. Wright. (H.May, 171, Fleet Street, E.C.) Strawberries. By W. Hinds. (Gardening World, Office, 17, Catherine Street.) Vines and Vine Culture. A. F. Barron, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, W. Insects. Manual of Injurious Insects. By Miss E. A. Ormerod. (Swann, Sonnenschein & Co.) Landscape Gardening. Carpet-Bedding at Hamptoa Court. By A. Graham. (Hampton Court.) Gardens of Light and Shade. (Elliot Stock.) How to Lay out a Garden. By E. Kemp. (Brad- bury, Agnew, & Co.) Manures. Artificial Manures. By M. G. Ville. Translated by W. Crookes. (Longmans, Green & Co.1 See articles on " Manures," in Cassell's Popular Gar- dening. By J. .1. Willis. Plants, Flowers, &c. Begonia, The Tuberous. Edited by B. Wynne. (Gardening World ( lllice, 17, Catherine Street.W.C.) Bulbs and Bulb Culture. 2 vols. By D. T. Fish. (London : Bazaar Office, 170, Strand.) Cactaceous Plants. By L. Castle. (171, Fleet Street.) Cactus Culture by Amateurs. By W. Watson. (London: L. Upcott Gill.) Carnations and Picotees. By E. S. Dodwell. (Groom- bridge.) Chrysanthemum, The. By F. W. Burbidge. ( Gardt n Office, 37, Southampton Street, Strand.) Chrysanthemum, The. By E. Molvneux. (171, Fleet Street.) Chrysanthemum, Natirnal Society's Catalogue. (E. W. Allen, Ave Maria Laue.) Cinchona Planter's Manual. By T. C. Owen. (Colombo: Ferguson; London: J. Haddon & Co., Bouverie Street.) Clematis as a Garden Flower, The. By Moore and Jackman. (Woking Nurserv, Surrey : Jackman& Son.) Ferns, Choice British, &c. By C. T. Druery, Up- cott Gill.) Ferns, Select. (B. S. Williams, Holloway.) Florists' Flowers. Hardy, their Cultivation and Management. J. Douglas. Flower Garden, The Handybook of. By D. Thom- son. (VV. Blackwood & Sons.) Gladiolus Cultivation. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain. (Reeve & Co.) [(J.Murray.) Greenhouse and Stove Plants. By T. Baines. Greenhouse Management for Amateurs. By W. J. May. (Bazaar Office, 170, Strand, W.C.) Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Flowers, Handbook of. By VV. Sutherland. (W. Blackwood & Sons.1 Ivy. By Shirley Hibberd. (E.W. Allen, Ave Maria Lane.) [Lynn. Lily of the Valley Culture. By T. .Tannock, King's Lilies and their Culture. By Dr. Wallace. (New Plant and Bulb Co., Lion Walk. Colchester.) Narcissus, the, its History and Culture. By Bur- bidge and Baker. (Reeve & Co.) Orchid Conference Reports. (Royal Horticultural Society.) [way.) Orchid Growers' Manual. (B. S. Williams, Holio- Orchidaceous Plants. Manual of. (J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea.) [Windus.) Orchids, Cool. By F. VV. Burbidge. (Chatto & Orchids, their Structure, History, and Culture. Bv L. Castle. (171, Fleet Street.") Pansy, The, How to Grow. By J. Simkins. (Simp- kin, Marshall & Co.) Primula Conference Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) Rosarian's Year Book. The. (Bemrose.) Rose Garden, The. By W. Paul, Waltham Cross. Roses, List of National Society's Catalogue. By Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain, Westwell Vicarage, Ash- ford, Kent. Rose Conference Report. (Royal Horticultural Society.) Roses for Amateurs. By Rev. H. II. D'Ombrain. (Gill, 170. Strand.) Tobacco Culture. By E. J. Beale. (Carter & Co., Holborn.) Violet Culture. By Heath. (Birkett, Kendal.) Vegetables, &c. Asparagus, Culture of. By VV. Earley. (Bradbury, Agnew, & Co.) Cucumbers and Melons. By VV. .T. Mav. (170, Strand, W.C.) Farm Market- gardening. Bv C. Whitehead. (Effing- ham Wilson.) Market Gardening. C. VV. Shaw. (37, South- ampton Street, W.C.) Mushrooms for the Million, By J. Wright. (Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street, E.C.) Potatos, How to Grow. By J. Pink. (Lockwood & Co.) Tomato. By W. Iggulden. (171, Fleet Street.) Vegetable Conference Report. (Royal Horticul- tural .Society.) Vegetable Culture. By Sutton & Sons. (Hamilton, Adams, & Co.) Vegetable and Fruit-farming. By C. Whitehead. (12, Hanover Square, London.) Vegetable Garden. By Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co. (Murray.) Watercress, Culture of. By Shirley Hibberd. (4 and 5, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.) Miscellaneous. Buildings, Horticultural. By F. A. Fawkes. (Swann Sonnenschein & Co.) Date Palm in India. By Bonavia. (Thacker & Co., Calcutta.) Church Decoration. Ba-aar Office, 170, Strand. Garden Receipts. By Quin. (Macmillan.) Parks and Gardens of London. By N. Cole. (Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street.) Planting and Agricultural Review, Tropical. By J. F'erguson. (J. Haddon & Co. Bouverie Street, E.C.) Select Extra-Tropical Plants eligible for Industrial Culture. By Baron von Mueller (Melbourne: S. Brain.) Sub-Tropical Cultivation. ByR. C. Haldane. (Black- wood & Sons.) Tropical Agriculture. By P. L. Simmonds. (Spon.) Gardening in India. By G. M. Woodrow. (Trubner & Co.) Coffee, Tea, Cinchona, Cocoa, &c, see Planting and Agricultural Review. Ceylon. (London : J. Had- don & Co., Bouverie Street.) Tea, Cultivation of, &c. By Colonel Money. (Thacker & Co., Calcutta.) Tea Planter's Manual. By T. C. Owen. Ceylon. (London : J. Haddon & Co., Bouverie Street.) Indiarubber Cultivation, &c. Ce)lon. (J. Haddon & Co., Bouverie Street.) Tobacco, All About. (Ceylon, Ferguson ; London, J. Haddon & Co , Bouverie Street.) GARDENING PERIODICALS. 1787 — Botanical Magazine. Monthly. Editor, Sir J. D. Hooker. (L. Reeve & Co.) 1*11— Gardeners' Chronicle. Friday. Editor, Dr. Masters, F.RS. Publisher, W*. Richards, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C. Price 3d. Every Friday. 1S42— Gardeners' Magazine, Friday. Editor, Shirley Hibberd, Esq. Publisher, W. H. L. Colling- ridge, 148 149, Aldersgate Street, E.C. 1848— Journal of Horticulture. Thursday. Editor, Dr. Hogg, F.L.S. Publisher, E. H. May, 171, Fleet Street, London, E.C. 1871— The Garden. Friday. Editor, W. Robinson, F.L.S. Publisher, W". Robinson, 37, South- ampton Street, W.C 1886— Horticultural Times, 127, Strand, W.C. 1879— Gardening Illustrated. Editor and Publisher, VV. Robinson, 37, Southampton Street, W.C. 1884— Amateur Gardening. Editor, T. W. Sanders. Publishers, W. H. & C. Collingridge, 148 and 149, Aldersgate Street, E.C. Garden Work. Editor, J. Wright. Publisher, E. H. May, 171, Fleet Street, E.C. 1884— Gardening World. Editor and Publisher, B. Wynne,17, Catherine Street.Covent Garden.W.C, jAvrini 4, L890.] THE G. [BDENE R N ' r HE 0 XI (' L E. 15 1887— Royal Gardens, Kew, Bulletin of Miscel- laneous Information. Monthly. Eyre & Spottiswoode, East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.G. The Northern Gardener. Fountain Street, Man- chester. Weekly, \f the Imperial Horticultural Society, Vienna.) Casopis ceskych zahradniku, Prague. Editor, J. T. Thomayer. Bavaria. Illustrierte Monatshefte fur des Gcsanimt-Interessen del Gartenbaues, Editor, Max. Kolb, Munich. Bblgiuv. Lindi nia. MM. Linden and Rodigas, Brussels. L'lllustration llorticole. MM. Linden and Rodigas, r.mssels. L'Horticulteur, Mm«, Editor, J. Wanavre. Kevin- de l'Horticulture li.-lg.-. ( 'mint de Kerchove and others, Ghent. Bulletin d'Arboriculture. Editors, M. Pynaert and others, Ghent. Canada. Canadian Horticulturist. Ottawa. Cbtlon. Tropical Agriculturist. Colombo, Ferguson. France, Revne Horticole. Editors, MM. Carriere et Andre. Hue Jacob, 26, Paris. I..' Jardin. Editor, M. Godefroy. Publisher, A. I'm' ird, Argentenil. L'Orchidophile. Editor, M. Godefroy - Lebeuf, Argentenil. Journal dea Rosea, Editor, M. Bernardin. Pub- lisher, M. Goin, Paris. Joarnal de I'Horticnltnre Pratique. Pari-. Lyon Horticole. Editor, M. Viviand-Morel. Lyon. Journal de la Societd Xationale d'Horticulture. Hue de Grenelle, 84, Pari-. Le Moniteur d'Horticulture. Editor, M. J. Chanre, Rue de Revres, 1 1. Paris. Bi-monthly, Bulletin de la Societe d'Acclimatatiou de France. Paris. < iBBKANY. Garten flora. Berlin. Editor, Professor Wittmack. (Paul Parey, Berlin.) Monatsschrift des Gartenbauvereins zu Darmstadt. Rosen Zeitung. Frankfort-on-the-Maine. 1 lentsche Gartnerzeitung. Hamburger G.irtnerzeitung. Editor, Dr, Goeze. ' Hnnibtirg.) Lebl Illuatr. Gartenzeitung. BHtTtsn Gciaxa. Garden, Field, and Forest, Demerara. Holland. Sempervirens, Gronewegen. Amsterdam. Het Neederlandsche Tuinboublad. Editor, Dr. H. Van Hall. Arnhem. Italy. Bulletino della Societa Toscana d'Horticultura. Florence. Japan. Journal of the Japanese Horticultural Society. S. Yoshida, Tokio. Poland. Ogrodnik Polski. Warsaw. Porttoai.. Jornal de Horticulture Practica. Oporto. TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF CART- LOADS OF MANURE IN HEAPS PER ACRE. Disk Heaps Heaps Heaps Heaps Heaps ..( inn Heaps, , ir' load. cartload. cartload. - ■1 " - 10 Feet. Loads, Loads. Loads. I, ids Loads. 6 605 3021 201| i:.l! 121 i;1. :.|.'. ir>7'j 172 il'sv; 103 7 444.4 .,.,., 148j in; ,-:i 7'. 387J 129 'J7 77 1 - 17" 11. -1.1 83 68 - 30] 100J 75J 61 1; !l 269 134J 39 '■•7, 53 '.i' •Jll | 1 L'7, "- Co *n 311.1 11 180 90 60 15 36 IP, 164 B2 .i.i ii, .•'.•! 12 I5lj ; 50* 37 1 3o ; I3J 1194 in 30 24 16 '.'7 48 324 -'I m 16 80 m 20 16 18 67J l.;. 131 1 ■■•7; .- 19 n; i 21 19 . 161 l'K 10 22'. 43 . l.i 8i 24 38 19 \-'\ 9 7 Spbat fob Tbees, &c. — For general use make a mixture of 1 ounce of sulphate of copper (blue vitriol) to 40 gallons of water ; if ni cestary the strength may be increased up to 1 lb. of the sulphate to 60 gallons of water. TABLE SHOWING EQUIVALENT op INCHES (if BAIN IN' GALLONS AND WEIGHT PI l; ACRE. ■. Gallon i 0.1 10 J^r 0.2 20 1625 0.3 30 6787 (i I in 9049 0.6 .Ml 11 312 0.6 01 [3,574 07 71 [5.836 0.8 81 18,098 O'.l '.il 20,361 1 101 ulm;j:; C0VENT GARDEN MEASURES. Maw of these are purely local, and used only by those who frequent Covent Garden Market. They vary also in size, some according to the kind of fruit or vegetable thrv contain, and some according to the time of year and size of the articles tin \ con- tain. It is, therefore, almost impossible to convey nn accurate impression <>l these measures; lint the following will be useful to those who are interested in Covent Garden quotations : — A sieve is ninl. ist I to be about 15 inches in d i. inn i it and B inches deep, and to contain 7 imperial gallons; half-sieve, 31 gallons; quarter-sieve, I j gal- lon. A bushel basket is 17', inches in diameter at top, 10 inches deep, and 10 inches in diameter at. bottom. When heaped, it is supposed to contain an imperial bushel. Punnet: for Seakale, 8 inches in diameter at top, 71 at bottom, and 2 inches deep; for Mushrooms, 7 inches in diameter and 1 inch deep; for salads, 5 inches in diameter and 1 inch deep. A bunch of Radishes varies from one dozen to two dozen roots, according to the season. A bundle of Asparagus contains from 100 to 150 heads. A bundle of Rhubarb from 20 to 30 stems. A bunch of Carrots, 12 and upwards. A bunch of Turnips, 12 and upwards. A bunch of Leeks, li and upwards. Bundles of Greens and ot herbs vary much, accord- ing to kind, size, and season. Roll of Celery =6, 8, to 12 heads. A tally = five dozen. A Bcore of Lettuce or Endive = 22. LINDLEY LIBRARY. This, Library is held in trust for the Royal Horti- cultural Society, in whose rooms, 117, Victoria Street. Westminster, it is deposited. Under certain conditions it is open, and books may be lent, not only to the Fellows of the Society, but also to the general public. The Trustees are the Secretary and Treasurer of the Royal Horticultural Society for the time being, and the following gentlemen: — Dr, Robert Hogg, Dr. Maxwell Masters'; W. Carruthers, Esq. ; G. Maw, Esq. ; and II. J. Veitch, Esq. Dona- tions of books, &'c, are solicited, the income at the disposal of the trustees being very limited. SI/.l-s OF l'I.n\YER-rOTS— CHISWICK STANDARD. (INSIDE MEASURE.) Ins. ilium. it top. Ins. Ins. diam. at top. Ins. ilei-p. Twenty-fours deep, Thimbles .. 2 •> Thumbs ... 21 2.1 (24s) .. 8.1 8 Sixties S i x t e e n s (60s) 3 31 (16's) ... 9.1 9 Fifty - f o ur a Twelves 54's) 1 I (12's) ... 11.1 10 Forty -eights Eights (S's) . 12 11 (48.) . 4.1 5 Sims (I'i's) ... 13 12 Thirty -two's Fours (4's)... 15 13 (32s) ... 6 6 Two's (2s).. 18 14 CoNYKliSION TABLES. Length, French. Inches. Feet. Yard s. Millimetre = „;„ metre... 0-039 Centimetre = ,,',, metre ... 039 Decimetre = >u metre ... 3-93 0-32 Metre 3937 328 1 09 1 1. i inn tie 10 metres... 393-70 3280 10-93 Hectometre = 100 metres 893707 32808 109-36 Kilometre = 10(10 metres 393707 3280 8 1093-6 Mvriametre- 10,01 >h. 393707- 32808- 10986-3 Weight. Grains. ( luuces Pounds. Milligramme - - „;„ gram, Centigramme = ,',, Decigramme = ,', Gramme ... Decagramme = lOgrms. Hectogramme = 100 ,, Kilogramme =1000 „ ooi.-, 0 i;» 1 64 16 13 164 32 1543-25 15432-5 0-35 3352 3". 27 0 22 2 20 Lbs. Cwt. Tons. Quintal=100 kilogrammes Millier =1000 220.4 221 14- 1-86 19-68 OilS French Land Measure. Mi i re sq. = (eentiare) Are = 100 sq. metres Hectare ="l0,000sq. metres Arpent (of Paris) ... „ (of water and forests) Perch of Paris ' „ of water and forests . . . 107 square feet. 1 19 li square yards. 3'9 perches. 2a. Ir. SO^r perches. 3r. 15 perch. 43 vd. la. Ir. 1 perch 28 yd, 40 8 square vards. 01-08 „ " „ 16 THE GA R D E XER 8' C FIR 0 XI CL E. [January 4, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loal events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, Jlowers, trees, Sj-c, are also solicited. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munication' should be WRITTEN ON ONE SIDE only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as j/ossible. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending ?iews- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Hditor to ice. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 8HO W. WEDNESDAY, Jan. 8f National Chrysanthemum Society ( (two days). /Rosea, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Bor- \ der Plants Sec, at Stevens' WEDNESDAY, Jan. 8< Rooms (weather permitting). I Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at (. Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. / 50,000 Lilium auratum, and other I Importations, from Japan, at THURSDAY, Jan. 9 ' Stevens' Rooms. j Nursery Stock from Sample, at Pro- ^ theroe & Morris' Rooms. ( (weather permitting). CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-36°.4. We have been favoured with an Problem.™ important communication from the Director of the Royal Gar- dens, Kew, on the conditions requisite for successful cultivation. Of this communication we give an instalment this week, and will give the remainder in our next issue. In the Kew Bulletin for December is pub- lished a very important report on the tropical and sub-tropical plants actually cultivated in the open air in the South of Europe. It was drawn up at my request by Mr. Watson, the Assistant Curator of the Royal Gardens, in order to pre- serve in a convenient form for future reference the actual results of his observations. I am per- suaded that as regards the open air cultivation on the Mediterranean Littoral of plants ordinarily grown in this country under glass, it affords by far the most accurate information available. I prefaced this report with an introductory note, and inasmuch as the opening paragraph was the subject of some editorial criticism in the last number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, I re- prodnce it here :— " Horticulture is essentially an e ' liric ' art. Botanical soience can afford but it,t i ' !i .rin [tion as to the cultural condr, a; ivhich inj plant will require or will tolerate; these for the most part can only be found out by trial or experience." These state- ments, I am told, are " too absolute." It may be so ; but, as they represent a deliberate and by no means hasty conviction on my part, I trust I may be allowed to discuss the matter at some little length, and to state my reasons for thinking the contrary. The gardener's problem I take to be this : Given a new and interesting plant, with nothing but a more or less accurate indication — very possibly less — of its native country, how are you to treat it ? I reply, that you have little but the instinctive skill of the gardener to help you. He will, in the first place, guided by general experience, form some sort of provisional theory of the treatment required; he will begin with that, because he must begin somewhere. He will be very probably miles from the mark, but, as presumably, he knows his business, he will soon detect, by careful observation of the plant, that he is upon the wrong tack, and will modify his treatment accordingly. Gradually feeling his way, he will eventually, if he has some genius for the kind of work, hit upon a method which will reward him by success. Well, this is an entirely empirical way of pro- ceeding ; but it is none the less strictly scientific, for all that. It seems, however, such an ele- mentary statement of what one sees going on every day as to be scarcely worth writing down. Take, for exsmple, the case of the Amorpho- phallus titanum, which we flowered last summer at Ken-. This was grown on in rather shallow pots never much larger than the tuber ; it was fed richly, and during the period of growth the pot was placed with its bottom in the warm water of the Victoria-tank. Beccari, the dis- coverer of the plant, remarked how completely this treatment was at variance with the natural conditions under which the plant grew, but con- cluded, notwithstanding, that it was the best that could have been adopted. But what, it will be asked, is the alternative to the empirical way ? It may be summed up, we are told, as a study of geographical distribution, and of the varying conditions of growth, of anatomical structure, and of the relations of structure to function and to external conditions. As to geographical distribution, I have already pointed out that this is precisely what in the most interesting cases one does not know. That a plant comes from Brazil, for example, really teaches one nothing. The country is so vast, and it includes so great a range of physical con- ditions that, for all practical purposes, such a piece of information leaves one utterly in the dark. But there is another point of view. Granted that everything is known as to the physical conditions under which a plant grows in the Tropics, is the gardener who attempts to grow it really much better off ? How can the totality of such conditions — and from what may be called the scientific point of view, we have no right to give anything less — be imitated 6 miles from Hyde Park Corner, or, for that matter, anywhere in England ? The problem really is to grow the plant under an entirely new and artificial set of conditions, and to produce a result not inferior to that which it exhibits under those which are natural to it. We are here face to face with a biological problem of the greatest interest, and of no small difficulty. But in my judgment, it is only to be solved by empirical means. That the conditions of existence to the plant are really changed essentially when the plant is under cultivation, is indicated by two pieces of evidence. First, the notorious fact that it is extremely difficult in most cases to match exactly a cultivated speci- men of a plant with wild specimens of the same species in the herbarium. And secondly, that it is equally notorious that cultivated plants are prone to variation. We have only to look to the often-quoted instance of the flora of Egypt, to see that under uniform conditions, variation is in abeyance, while we know that it is speedily stimulated by change of conditions. I have in my mind the experience principally of cultivation under glass, but I believe that the principle equally applies to herbaceous plants grown in the open air. Let me quote a passage from Professor Michael Foster's re- cently published lecture " On Irises." He says : — " There are, it is true, more things in the plant and in the soil than are dreamt of in the latest philosophy of our newest botany, and in some happy gardens these Irises, will, I know, not only grow, but flourish and smile with content under conditions which must be wholly different from those obtaining in their native home, but which for some reasons, as yet hidden to us, are suited to the plants." This recalls to mind a principle, long ago pointed out by Dean Herbert : — " Plants," he says, " in many cases are peculiar to those soils which are not best for them, but where they can exist. Why do plants," he further asks, " which are found only in particular situations, improve under cultivation, and (as I believe to be the case) more so than those which are generally dis- persed ? and consequently, Is the soil or subsoil on which alone certain plants are found in a wild state, necessary to them, or, at least, always best for them. I think the answer must be ' No,' to the latter question : and to the former question, ' Because their most dangerous rivals, which, in a wild state, would overpower them, in richer soil are removed.' " The fact is, plants in Nature do not grow where they like, but where they can. I well remember that one of the first lessons in horti- culture I received was from the remarks by the elder John Smith, no mean practitioner, under tab. Io02 of the Botanical Magazine. I quote them now : — " We are always most desirous to pay atten- tion to information as regards the native habitats of plants ; but we have found that when too closely adhered to, successful cultivation does not always follow. In our experience, we have never found any plant thrive by retaining it in its native soil, or in soil too closely resembling it." Here is a more recent testimony in the same direction. It is an extract from a letter written by Mr. Backhouse, of York, to Sir Joseph Hooker in 1883 : — " Many Trichomanes grow wild in much stronger soil than we can cultivate them in. The great depth of soil, free wind, and huge soakings (periodical) produce a total effect which we cannot imitate. I found many of the Tricho- manes crispum group which had evidently grown in clay, or an almost clay soil, and I tried to imitate it exactly ; but the Ferns never rooted in such material, and soon languished." Or, to take one of a hundred cases from prac- tical experience : Trichinium Manglesii enjoys (?) in Nature the most arid sun-burnt situations. At Kew it is grown successfully in strong, well- manured soil, and is never dried off. Years ago, in ignorance of Dean Herbert's paper, I made a brief communication to the British Association, in which I pointed out the curious fact that many plants grow equally well on the sea -shore and on high mountains, and I worked out a similar Januaby 4, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 17 explanation to that of Dean Herbert. On the shore at Galway, I have seen Gentiana verna and Dryas ootopetala growing with a luxuriance I have never seen surpassed on the Alps. It would be hard to say what there is in common between the two positions. The fact is, not to put too fine a point upon it, Nature is at best a very poor gardener. The conditions under which plants exist in Nature afford very little real information for cultural purposes. They represent in a vast number of cases the minimum that the plant will tolerate, at the Temple Show. These are the products of skilful cultivation ; and, in my opinion, cultiva- tion and Nature deal with problems which have scarcely anything in common." (To be continued.) VANDA CCERULEA.— The Orchid collection of Thomas Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, is famous for the many choice plants which it contains, and recently there were about twenty specimens of the beautiful Vanda co?rulea in flower, the number of flowers on each peduncle varying from eight to the water that the plants receive. The plants have from one to three spikes of blossoms, and from ten to seventeen upon a spike. Our engraving was taken from a photograph by Mr. R. Banks, Manchester. New Year Honours.— We notice that the Queen has been pleased to approve the appoint- ment of Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., to be a member of her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council. The Queen has also been pleased to approve that a Baronetcy of the United Kingdom should be con- ferred upon — J. T. D. Llewelyn, Esq., of Penllergare, and to confer the following distinctions :— Fl'S. •">. — A GKOt'P OF YANDA C'U.Hl'LEA AND ABIANTDM IN TUB GARDEN OF THOMAS STATTEB, ESQ., WHITEFIELD, MANCHESTER. not the optimum at' which it will display itself to the greatest advantage. Nothing surprised M. Glazxou, in his recent visit to Kew, when he minutely inspected our collections of South American plants, more than their luxuriant de- velopment. He saw many species, he allirmed, as he had never seen them in their native homes. The same testimony is borne by other travellers. I believe we have Mr. BritisiDOK's authority for the statement that Phahenopsis is never seen in the Bornean woods as it is seen in cultivation in England. And I am persuaded that this would be found equally true of the bulk of the fine specimens of Orchids exhibited for example sixteen. Grouped with Adiantum cuneatum the plants presented a display of much beauty (see fig. 3). Mr. It. Johnson, the gardener, said in allusion to the plants, we have two dozen plants growing in a mixture of sphagnum moss and small lumps of charcoal. They are suspended from the roof of a house with a low span, in baskets varying in size from 5 to 10 inches. The house is kept during the growing season of the Vandas as damp as it is possible to keep it, and with a free current of air passing through it. Every morning each plant is taken down, sprinkled over with a sponge full of water, and replaced, and we find that sufficient water finds its way down the stem when hung up, to keep the sphagnum moss in a growing state, and this is all To be Companions of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire : — Berthold Kibbentrop, Esq., Inspector of Forests. Brigade-Surgeon George King, M.B., Bengal Medical Service, Superintendent of the Koyal Botanical Gardens, Calcutta. To be Ordi- nary Member of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George, of the Second Class, or Knights Commanders of the said Most dis- tinguished Order : Cornelius Alfred Moloney, Esq., C.M.G., Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Lagos. To be Ordinary Member of the Third Class, or Companions of the Most Distinguished Order of St. Michael and St. George : — Oswald John Frederick Crawfurd, Esq., her Majesty's Consul at Oporto. 18 77/ E G . I // T) E S E If » itober and November : — " McNab, WitllAN 17- ' l-l-i : b. Dailly, Ayr- shire, 1780 ; d. Edinburgh, I-1 Di ., 1848. Gardener at Kew from about 1800. Superintendent, Edin- b:irgh Hot. Gard., 1810 -1848; A.L.S. 1825. Pritz., _■ 0 l; s c , iv.. HO; Card. Chron., 1848, 812 Cott. Gard., i., Ilia; Proc. I. inn. Soc. ii., ,r>2 ; Hot. Gazette, i., 53. Portr. at Kew. Macnabia, Benth. 18321 ' L !. in . 1-31). " Ma.-uvk, .Iamks (fl. 1823—1830). Gardener. At Bot. Garden, St. Vincent's, 1823. Collected for II .it. Sir, 1824 1826, in Sandwich, Galapagos, and other islands, Chili, and Brazil. Superintendent, Ceylon Bot. Garden, 1827 1830. Laaegue, 455; Trans. Hort. Soc, vi., p. .'!. Maoraea, Limit. I'h'iana. Macmca, Hook. t.=Lipoph77 ; R.S.C., iv., 192; Proc.Lin. Soc, i, 303 "Ma.lcoi.si, William (fl. 1 78—1805); F.L.S., 1805. Nurseryman. Of Kensington. 'Catalogue of Plants,' 1778. Malcomia, "Mangles, James (fl. 1£ 1). Captain !!.\. * Floral Calendar.' 1839. Sent Swan River plants to Lindley. Pritz. 202; Jacks. 213. Manglesia, Endl." " Manoles, James Henri: (1832—1884): b. I*:;.'; d. Haslemere, Surrey, 24th April, 1884. on of preceding. F.L.S., 1871. (irew Rhododendrons. Proc. Linn. Soc. 1883—86, 106. "Manoles, Robert (fl. 18.39). Brother of James Mangles. Of Sunninghill. Introduced many W. Australian plants. Sent Swan River plants to Lindley. Manglesia, Endl. " Martin, John (1699—1768) : b. London, 1699; d. Chelsea, 1768. F.L.S., 1727. Professor of Bot., Cambridge, 1733—1761. Friend of Dr. Sherard, 1719. Translated Tournefort's ' History of pi. . , . about Paris,' 1720. Founded Bot. Soc, Lond., 1721 — 26. Lectured in London, 1729. ' Methodus pi. circa Cantabrigiam, 1727.' ' Historia pi. rarior,' 1728 — 1732. Herbarium bequeathed to Cambridge Univ. Pult. II., 207 ; Rees; Pritz., 206; Jacks., 578; Memoir by Thomas Martyn, 1770 ; Gorham ; Vol. of Correspondence in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus, fifartynia" The St. Louis Botanic Garden,— This establishment is provided for under the will of Mr. Henby Shaw. The whole of his estate, with the exception of a few small legacies, is now left to a board of trustees for the benefit of this garden. It has been appraised at nearly 3,000,000 dols.,and pro- duces a net income of about 50,000 dols. ; but as a large part of Mr. Shaw's property is invested in unim- proved real estate within the city limits of St. Louis, the income of his estate may be expected to increase enormously with the growth of that city ; and Professor William Trelease, the newlyappointed director, will, in all probability, says Oarden and Forest, soon find himself at the head of a better endowed establishment than any other of its kind which has ever existed. Professor Trelease, with the income now at his command, or which will be available for his purpose in a short time, will be able to lay the foundation of an establishment of such scope that it will soon make St. Louis the botanical centre of the Xew World, and draw to it students from every quarter of the globe. His early efforts, very properly, will be devoted to elucidating the botany of North America ; and he is fortunate in possessing, as a nucleus of the St. Louis herbarium the collections of Engelmann which, in certain groups of plants, are of inestimable value. Of special interest to young men who desire to be- come gardeners is the plan of offering, in connection with the Shaw Garden, six scholarships for garden pupils, for the benefit of young men between fourteen and twenty years of age, who are to be taken for six years, and who will be expected to work in the different departments of the garden, receiving, besides, theoretical instruction in botany, horti- culture, economic entomology, and as much land surveying and bookkeeping as is necessary for a gardener having the charge of a large estate. It is proposed by means of these scholarships to make gardeners, and not botanists, and a taste for the manual work of the garden will be insisted on in the young men who hold them. They will receive pay for their work, and be given, free of cost, plain and comfortable lodgings near the garden, as well as free tuition in the School of Botany of Washington University, and such other instruction as may be necessary. Notices of Books. The Garden's Story ; or, The Pleasures and Trials of an Amateur Gardener. By George Ellwanger. ( Appleton & Co., Caxton House, Paternoster Square.) Since the publication in our columns of the late Mr. Bright'a " Year in a Lancashire Garden," we have had a succession of similar works — we cannot say a surfeit of them, for the subject is ever new, and admits of varied treatment, according to circum- stances. Mr. Ellwanger writes from Rochester, New York, where the surroundings are vastly different from those in Lancashire, Buckinghamshire, or Midlothian. Mr. Ellwanger's chief design is to foster and incourage the culture of hardy plants, and his elegant little volume is appropriately inscribed to the Rev. C. Wolley Dod, " Master of f iardening." It is evident that the fullest allowance must be made for differences of taste, for after reading with approba- tion the judicious remarks on the pruning of shrubs, we lighted on this passage, which will, we think, not meet with general assent here. Probably the author 20 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Januaey 4, 1890. has been unfortunate in his selection of varieties " of the scores of Weigelas or Diervillas under cultiva- tion." I know of few to be recommended for the choice collection of hardy shrubs. For the most part, the flowers are of a displeasing colour, while the shrub takes up a large space, which, with the " rose- coloured kinds, might be occupied to far better ad- vantage." To this we may oppose our own experi- ence, by saying that we have seen no more lovely flowering shrub than a particular Weigela in our own garden, with slender, somewhat arching branches, covered in most years with a profusion of the most exquisite rose-coloured flowers. Here is another point in which the author's experience is strikingly different from that which obtains on this side of the Atlantic. " Helianthus tuberosus, the Jerusalem Artichoke, shows a fine mass of yellow, far above one's head. . . In its habit, and the size and bril- liancy of its blossoms, it surpasses II. giganteus. It comes late into blossom, and defies the frost." If the author did not expressly make mention of the tubers we should have suspected some mistake. In this country the flowers are rarely produced, and then only after specially hot summers, while it is among the earliest plants to feel the effects of frost. If the Jerusalem Artichoke flowers so freely in the States, will Mr. Ellwanger or some other enthusiast set about raising seedlings with the hope of improv- ing the flavour of this esculent ? The whole tone of the book is delightful ; it is full of practical hints, intermixed with so mauy artistic and poetical suggestions and reminiscences that it will form an excellent book to take up in a leisure moment to dispel the effects of the cares and worries of a busy life. We are sure that all lovers of their gardens will give assent to the following propositions : — "I. Whatever is worth growing at all is worth growing well. " II. Study soil and exposure, and cultivate no more space than can be maintained in perfect order. "III. Plant thickly ; it is easier and more profitable to raise flowers than weeds. " IV. Avoid stiffness and exact balancing : garden vases and garden flowers need not necessarily be used in pairs. " V. A flower is essentially feminine, and demands attention as the price of its smiles. " VI. Let there be harmony and beauty of colour. Magenta in any form is a discord that should never jar. "VII. In studying colour effects, do not over- look white as a foil ; white is the lens of the garden's eye. " VIII. Think twice, and then still think, before placing a tree, shrub, or plant in position. Think thrice before removing a specimen tree. " IX. Grow an abundance of flowers for cutting ; the bees and butterflies are not entitled to all the spoils. " X. Keep on good terms with your neighbour ; you may wish a large garden favour of him some day. "XI. Love a flower in advance, and plant some- thing every year. " XII. Show me a well-ordered garden, and I will show you a genial home." LAEKEN. The destruction, by fire, of the palace of the King of the Belgians at Laeken, near Brussels, will excite the sympathy and regret of the numerous British Horticulturists who have experience of His Majesty's courtesy. King Leopold and his Queen are great plant lovers, the collections in the great conservatory at Laeken, of which we give illustrations (tigs. 4 and 5), being under the charge of Mr. Knight, formerly the head gardener at Floors Castle. May's Northam Prize Brussels sprout is one of the best varieties of which I know. It sprouts firm, compact, but not over large, and, moreover, it ie one which is very tender, well flavoured, and of good colour when boiled. H. Markham. MARNOCK'S MAXIMS. It would be instructive if some of the numerous admirers of the famous landscape gardener who has recently passed away would give us some account of the principles on which his achievements were based. His position for many years was a very dis- tinguished one, and if it is correct that there is little sound knowledge of the principles of landscape gardening diffused among practical gardeners, it is all the more desirable that the records of a life-work of such duration should be published. Truly it must have been a natural gift that he so consummately cultivated, and a love of the beautiful, which became intensified by practice during an unusually long life. In my youthful days, I had good reason to admire his sterling character while visiting the exhibitions held in thelioyal Botanic Society's Gardens, Regent's Park, London, where he was at the time the Director ; but it is not more than fourteen years ago since I came in close contact with him, and enjoyed excep- tional opportunities of learning from bis lips and pen what were some of his distinctive views with regard to parks and gardens landscape. When I was invited to undertake the work of forming the new park and gardens at Impney, in Worcestershire, where an extensive pleasure garden in the French style had been commenced, but was to be removed to give place to a park and grounds in the English or natural style on a more extensive scale, I learned that Mr. Marnock had been there some time previously, and proposed a scheme which was, subsequently, only partly carried out, some of the best portions being cancelled. Mr. Marnock visited the scene of operations twice, and during a period of seven years I had much valued corre- spondence with him (now in my possession) which indicates the lines on which his very pleasing and attractive methods were based. But on ground like that at Impney, which bad been mutilated by other hands with totally different ideas, it was not a simple matter to form a truly " English " park, and retain the best of the former work and add it to the new. Some of the operations which were popular with some people did not meet with en- couragement from Mr. Marnock, and were to his refined tastes a great infliction. Reference to some of these which I have heard the great gardener denounce may be interesting and not uninstructive : " Formal lakes with long, meaningless curves, and studded with islands in the centre, were very offen- sive;" "rockwork of a mean, paltry character was intolerable, and anything artificial and insignificant in character was entirely ignored." Amongst other things which were not approved of by him were walks with nianv unnecessary windings, and whose crooks and bends were seen from the dwelling, his maxim being that no walk should be brought into view where it could be obscured. " The dotting of trees and shrubs on lawns like sentinels, as a clever writer lately remarked, or placing anything on a lawn at all which in any way interrupted the view or defaced the space, was not allowed;" " the planting of trees in a meaningless way, especially when views were spoiled or obscured," was treated with disfavour. " The formation of terraces or other artificial work, where no building or anything else required such aid ;" " cutting up open space for beds or borders, where a clean well-formed lawn would have enhanced the beauty of the demesne ; " " abrupt slopes ; " " planting in hollows ; " " planting young trees besides old giants of the forest, or among them ; " " covering up roots ; " " covering up with soil gnarled surface-roots of old trees; " " forming beds for flowers or shrubs among or near old trees ; " " build- ings, such as walls for gardens, stables, &c, in view of, dwelling - houses ; " " narrow strips of trees, especially if they shut out the adjacent country ; " " plantations with 'jagged ' outlines, when they could be formed into substantial masses ; " "trees planted at equal distances, showing the boundary of the park or domain ; " " formal avenues, where they could be easily dispensed with;" "roads to the dwelling- house, taking long out-of-the-way tnrns, when they could be concealed and the distance shortened," are some of the items which Mr. Marnock was strongly opposed to when the formation of parks or grounds were entrusted to him. Whatever appeared to be pleasing on paper, was accepted with caution until the levels and surroundings of the space to be manipulated on had careful inspection. Drainage and sanitary arrangements had primary consideration. He was a great admirer of cedars of Lebanon, and would say, when placing them in conspicuous posi- tions, " They would monopolise the whole position a hundred years hence." When performing the duties associated with his profession, he ma ie a long day's work. Once, when at Towyen in Wales, we started to mark trees and plan spaces for planting an old neg- lected park. The day's work was begun at daylight, and finished only as darkness set in. Rain was not a barrier to active work ; and his memory seemed in full vigour when approaching SO years of age. M. Temple. TOMATOS. The following summary is published in the Bul- letin of the Horticultural Experiment Station of the Cornell University, Ithaca, U.S.A. : — 1. Frequent transplanting of the young plant, and good tillage, are necessary to best results in Tomato culture. 2. Plants started under glass about ten weeks before transplanting into field gave fruits from a week to ten days earlier than those started two or three weeks later, while there was a much greater difference when the plants were started six weeks later. Pro- ductiveness was greatly increased by the early planting. 3. Liberal and even heavy manuring, during the present season, gave great increase in yield over no fertilising, although the common notion is quite to the contrary. Heavy manuring does not appear, therefore, to produce Vine at the expense of fruit. 4. The tests indicate that poor soil may tend to render fruits more angular. 5. Varieties of Tomatos run out, and ten years may perhaps be considered the average life of a variety. 6. The particular points at present in demand in Tomatos are these : regularity in shape, solidity, large size, productiveness of plant. 7. The ideal Tomato would probably conform closely to the following scale of poiuts : — Vigour of plant, b ; earliness, 10 ; colour of fruit, 5 ; solidity of fruit, 20; shape of fruit, 20; size, 10; flavour, 5; cooking qualities, .3 ; productiveness, 20. 8. Solidity of fruit cannot be accurately measured either by weight or keeping qualities. 9. Cookiog qualities appear to be largely indi- vidual rather than varietal characteristics. 10. The following varieties appear, from the season's work, to be among the best market Tomatos : — Ignotum, Beauty, Mikado, Perfection, Favourite, Potato Leaf. 11. The following recent introductions appear to possess merits for market : — Bay State, Atlantic, Brandywine, Jubilee, Matchless, and perhaps Loril- lard, Prelude and Salzer. 12. The following recent introductions are par- ticularly valuable for amateur cultivation: — Dwarf Champion, Lorillard, Peach, Prelude. Trees and Shrubs. BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. This plant varies considerably in the form and colour of its leaves, some being long, others short, and more or less prickly, and at this season of the year all the various forms are interesting, on account of the different tints of colour they exhibit, many being of a brilliant red colour, some of a bronzy red, and others of a deep dark green ; but they are very showy in the shrubberies and other parts of the garden, the density of growth, which is natural to the plant, fits it for planting under high [The Gardeners' Chrouide, January i, 1890. 22 THE GAL' BE NEBS' G HB ONI CLE. [January 4, 1890. and shady trees, and in such places it makes a capital covering to the soil, where little else would thrive, except it be the common Laurel, Butcher's Brooni and Pontic Rhododendron, but which do not flourish as does Berberis aquifolium. The plant bears close pruning annually, if dwarf growth is desired, and in our strong retentive soil it grows amazingly with large robust foliage, and produces its yellow panicles of flowers abundantly, if the pruning is not too hard. One way of causing a good effect is to plant this Berberis in clumps thickly together, and if a relief to the dull green of the leaves half the year is wished for, a few golden or silver leaved Hollies may be planted between or near these for the sake of contrast above. Manure added to the soil when planting is an advantage, the growth being all the more stronger for it. Although it is replanted with ease, it cannot bear long exposure of its roots to the air, especially if bare of soil, as is often the case when lifting them, the plants shrivelling in the leaf the following summer, and a whole year is required to restore them to health. A thin mulching of manure should follow the planting, and which will be of much value, especially if the following summer should prove a warm one. By pulling the plants to pieces, every bit with roots attached will grow, and in this manner a larger stock may be quickly obtained. H. Pruning Laueels. The present is a good time to set about the pruning and renovation of bushes of Laurel, which may have become untidy from loss ol branches at the bottom, and where a thick covering of young growth is desired. Much better is it to cut very bare plants down to within one foot of the soil, than to lop off the tops by degrees, in the hopes of inducing the lower buds to push into growth. By a thorough pruning at once down to the point indicated, although a blank will be made at first, the time lost will be more than made up by the increased vigour of the shoots, which will break thickly from the old stems. 8. Colonial Notes. GOVERNMENT CINCHONA PLANTATIONS AND CINCHONA FACTORY IN BENGAL FOR THE YEAR 18S8— 9. According to the annual report for the year 188S — 9, the total number of Cinchona trees of all sorts on the plantations was 4, 810, 231, two-thirds of which are pure quinine yielders. The crop of the year, which was the largest ever harvested, amounted to 373,100 lb. of dry bark, of which 207,460 lb. were red, 128,770 lb. Ledgeriana, and 3(5,870 lb. of other sorts. The whole of this crop was, with the excep- tion of a small quantity supplied on indent or sold to Government institutions, nude over to the febri- fuge factory for disposal. The outturn from the factory, which is regulated by the demand, was 8575 lb., of which 2191 lb. were of sulphate of quinine, and 0384 lb. of Cinchona febrifuge. The total outturn for the previous year amounted to 7250 lb. The issues during the year fell from 8089 lb. in 1887—88 to 7489 lb. in the current year. The decline in the issues is due to the extra- ordinary cheapness of quinine in the market caused by the development of Cinchona cultivation in Ceylon. It is anticipated that, as Cinchona gives place to Tea in the Ceylon plantations, the price of Cinchona products will again rise. Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, According to the annual report, during the year under report the Palm-house has been completed, and the continuation of the riverside road from Sbalimar Point to the Garden commenced. Some valuable additions have been made to the Herbarium, among which may be mentioned the collections from the Shan Hills, presented by General H. Collett, C.B., from the Naga Hills by Mr. Peal, and from the eastern frontier districts by Mr. C. B. Clarke. Contributions were also received from the Keiv and Perak Museums, the Straits .Settlements, and Saharanpore, and specimens were sent to most of the leading botanic museums in Europe. Dr. King has completed, during the year under report, the second part of his important work Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, which deals with the genus Ficus, and is now engaged on the prepara- tion of a new part on the Indo-Malayan species of Oaks and Chestnuts. These treatises, as they are completed, have been circulated to all the chief museums and botanical gardens in Europe and else- where, and are highly appreciated for their scientific value and accuracy. Home Correspondence. NARCISSUS BULBS IN CHINA. — Apropos of your illustration aud remarks anent Mr. Jenkins' bulb of Narcissus planted topsy-turvy, kindly allow me to quote from Fortune's Tea Countries of China, vol. i., p. 127, his observations and remarks on Nar- cissus culture in that " flowery land." " The common Jonquil, ' says Fortune, " too, comes in for a very extensive share of patronage ; and in the streets of Canton one meets with thousands of bulbs growing in small pans, amongst water and a few white stones. In this case the Chinese exhibit their peculiar pro- pensity for dwarf and monstrous growth by plan ting the bulbs upside down, and making the plants and flowers assume curious twisted forms which appear to be so agreeable to the eyes of a Chinaman." Although Fortune distinctly says the common Jonquil in the above description, yet 1 believe, he really referred to that form of N. Tazetta so commonly cultivated by the Chinese and Japanese under the name of Sacred Lily, Joss Lily, or Water Fairy Flower, albeit that N. Jonquilla really is figured in Japanese floras as a native of Japan. The bulbs of this Narcissus have this season been imported direct by Messrs. Carter and Barr, so that water culture is likely to be a fact with us again as it is still in the East, and as it used to be in Europe fifty years or more ago. Nature is very amiable and accommodating, and of course bulbs— like many, if not most seeds— possess the power of righting matters for themselves if we blunder by sowing them wrong way-up. In the case of some bulbs like Lilium Brownii, tee., I believe it is an advantage to plant the bulbs sideways, and the same is especially true in the open air culture of L. auratum and L. speciosum. F. W. Burbidgc. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S FLORAL COMMITTEE.— 1 entirely coincide with what Mr. C. Noble has said on p. 732, vol. vi. The appoint- ment of an Orchid Committee consisting of mem- bers from the Floral Committee has not only robbed the latter of something like one half of those who make a point of attending the meetings, but it has sadly weakened the personnel by taking away from its deliberations a few persons of varied and extensive knowledge, whose presence is frequently indispensable when certain plants come before us. When fellows of the society look through the recently published proceedings of the com- mittee, they, remembering that the Floral Com- mittee is rather large in point of numbers, must be surprised to find that only six or seven persons voted for a first class certificate or an award of merit, under the date of June 25, 1889. Fellows may read that in the case of one particular flower, three voted for an award of merit and two against. For some reason or the other, the numbers who voted for or against the award of the Fruit Committee are not given in the proceedings ; that doubtful advan- tage appears to apply only to the awards of the Floral Committee. If this practice is to be continued, I think it would be much better to give the names who vote for and against, and not merely the num- bers. I am almost one of the oldest members of the Floral Committee in point of time, having joined that body twenty-two years ago, but I have not sat so continuously as some others. At that time the Fruit and Floral Committees were permanent bodies ; and at the end of each year a number of the mem- bers who had attended least often were struck otf, though this practice was manifestly unfair to some members who lived at a distance from London. The committees nominated others to fill their places, and the Council, with very rare excep- tions, affirmed the nominations of the com- mittees. The time came when the practice began of disbanding the committees at the end of the year and of re-appointing them. From that time until the present day the members of the com- mittees have been deprived of the privileges they formerly enjoyed, until they have become the mere nominees of the Council, and have to submit to a tax in order to sit upon one of the com- mittees, and do the work of the Society without reward ! The permanent character of the com- mittees ; the right to nominate to vacancies ; the special ticket as a member of one of the com- mittees ; admission to special exhibitions like that of the Temple ; the power of making awards without ostentatiously referring them to the council for confirmation ; the usual luncheon on meeting days ; — all these privileges have been withdrawn, until there is practically no independence left to the members of the committees. I am one who warmly protested against the appointment of an Orchid Committee by the Council, without in any way taking the Floral Committee into their confi- dence, as it would only have been courteous to have done. We see the special societies flourishing because their management is in more active sympathy with their supporters than is the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society with theirs. Nothing can go more smoothly than the proceedings of the Floral Committee of the National Chrysanthemum Society; it is appointed by the General Committee of that Society in open meet- ing, one-third of the body retiring annually, but being eligible for re-election. No harm can come from a little honest and outspoken criticism, and in writing what I have done, I think I am also expres- sing the opinions and feelings of a not inconsiderable number of members of the Floral Committee. B. Dean, Ealing, W. "JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY."— Every one who has any knowledge of the subject must, I think, endorse your remarks as to the value of the Journal of the Boyal Horticultural Society. It appears to me that the reconstruction of the Royal Horticultural Society occurred at rather a happy moment, just when, amongst other things, the great questions of fruit culture, gardeners' educa- tion, improvement societies, gardeners' libraries, &c, were coming to the front, thus opening out a vast and legitimate field for future energetic work and usefulness. The revivified society already shows signs of settling down manfully to its work, and we may hope that it will long maintain its proper position as the great acting authority and head of the horticultural world. No doubt the renewal of the issue of the Journal is a step in the right direc- tion. But while congratulating ourselves on the more punctual appearance of the Journal, ought we not to considerthe means of rendering it a regular and permanentinstitution, conducted on a sound financial basis — a source of profit rather than of loss to the So- ciety. If, as you say, the privileges accorded to each of thenewly instituted class of guinea Fellows amounts to a money value of about 47s., it is pretty clear that the Society is giving more than it can permanently afford to do, and I take it that the cost of the production of the Journal is one of the items which helps to swell the expenditure. No one will, in my opinion, blame the Council for making an effort to popularise the Society. It is necessary and commendable, and everyone knows that it can only be accomplished by a free expenditure of capital ; 80 that should we find this year a balance on the wrong side of the annual financial statement, I take it nobody will be surprised or chagrined, but will endeavour to assist and sup- port the Council in the line of policy upon which they have now entered. Seeing that the Journal may fairly be designated as the vehicle of communi- cation, not only between the Society and its Fellows, but also between it and the entire horticultural world, I submit that it should be put upon such a footing as to make it pay. The thing is how to do this. Now, it will not be denied that one of the weak points in connection with the present— and still more of the past issues — is the irregularity and uncertainty of publication. One hears it whispered on all sides that one never knew when to expect the next number, and consequently confidence was weakened, interest flagged, and indifference as to whether it was received or not was the result. With a view then to popularising the Journal, I would suggest : Firstly, that every effort should be made to maintain the present high standard of the papers and essays ; secondly, that a properly qualified editor be appointed who JaxcAky 4, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 2'6 should be responsible for its regular appearance as a horticultural quarterly ; thirdly, that in addition to being distributed to Fellows free, as at present, it should be procurable on the bookstalls and in book- sellers shops as other periodicals are; fourthly, that ex- tracts from it should he issued in a cheap form, in num- bers or essays, at say 3d., for the benefit of the hundred and one horticultural societies, gardeners' improve- ment societies, and gardeners' libraries (should the scheme take root) established throughout the king- dom. Published in the manner I have indicated, the Journal would probably command a large circulation, and become a valuable property. Much information would be widely disseminated, the influence and prestige of the Royal Horticultural Society would be increased, and a real benefit be con- ferred upon the masses as well as the classes. In any case, I hold regular publication at stated intervals to be absolutely essential to success. There is plenty of room for a publication of this sort, and as it would contain only the papers, essays, and proceedings of the Royal Horticultural Society, it would not interfere in any way with the work of the horticultural press. Of course, all this would take time and trouble — perhaps more than the Council and Scientific Committees could undertake ; but this is only a question of proper organisation. G. Seal. I wish to endorse the latter part of the letter signed "A. D." in the Gardeners' Chronicle for Decem- ber 21, wherein it is suggested that the Society's Journal be madea monthly magazine. I believe if this suggestion were carried out it would be a great boon to the horticultural world ; it would keep us well abreast of the times, would prove an admirable vehicle both for giving and obtaining advice, and would be, more- over, a medium through which the Fellows of the Society could conveniently approach the Council. Charbs Noble, THE JOSS (= DIOS) FLOWER: CHINESE ' 8ACRED LILY," OR WATER FAIRY FLOWER — Now that this peculiar variety of Narcissus Tazetta (N. Tazetta "gloriosa," Hort.) has been intro- duced by several of our leading bulb merchants, a few words as to its practical culture may be advisable. Having grown a fine specimen last sea- son, which you kindly illustrated in these pages, what 1 know of its requirements may be useful to those who never saw the bulb before. My bulbs last season were totally immersed in water, and held firmly in position by small stones in an ordinary v, lull- bowl. They occupied a sunny window by day, and a table near the sitting-room fire at night, and my wife gave them fresh tepid water (65° Fahr.) every morning. There was no greenhouse or hot- house aid whatever in the matter, the heat and light of an ordinary sitting-room being amply sufficient for its culture. Their stems and leaves grew half an inch every twelve hours, and flowered at forty- two days from their first immersion, being then 21 inches in height. One bulb bore live spikes, and each spike bore from four to six white flowers with golden cups, the same being deliciously fragrant, and the plant formed a most delightful ornament, and it was much admired by our visitors, who had seen nothing like it before. This year the bulbs came earlier, and seem even more vigorous and promising than those of last 6eason, and I will report progress later on when they flower, t'. W, B. 3TEPHANOTI3 FRUIT. —An example of this fruit in the Museum here was produced this autumn by a plant in the gardens at Carron Lodge, the residence of the Hon. Mrs. Cheape, near St. Andrews. The same plant once bore fruit previously. No conscious aid was given in impregnation. J. Wilton, D.Sc, University, St. Andrews, N.Ii. THE electric liqht I A Correction).— In your issue of the -1st inst., you state, under the above head- ing, that the carbon of the Swan lamp " consists of the cortical fibres of the Bamboo." Is this not an error ? I think the name " Edison" ought to be substituted for that of "Swan," seeing that the filaments of the lamps of the former are similar to what you describe. The wire-like thread or filament of the Swan lamp consists of " carbonised cotton thread," or, at least, such was the case a year or so ago. ./. H. N, C. THE WINTER MOTH.— The trap mentioned in your last number (p. 705) would be practically useless, because it would attract only male moths, the females being incapable of flight. Do what you will withinsects, husbands will be found, if necessary ; it is the would-be wives and mothers that require to be trapped. 1 say, if necessary, because certain insects, and especially moths of" which the female cannot fly, manage by a physiological process (known as " parthenogenesis," or " agamogenesis") to go on comfortably for many generations without finding a husband at all. All attempts at stamping out the winter moth should be directed to trapping the newly-emerged (and nearly wingless) females. I am not aware that the condition known as partheno- genesis has been proved to exist in the winter moth. In any case, it may be taken for granted that the capture of myriads of mules would not have the slightest appreciable effect on the fertility of the untrapped females. R. McLachlan, Lewisham, l> ■'■..■. ISS'.I. CAREX VARIEGATA.— Where small elegant foliage is desired, this is a capital plant to grow. The leaves recurve, and its appearance is light and graceful. The leaves are green with a clear white central stripe running the lengthwise of the leaf. The propagation of this Carex is effected by division, each piece de- tached, if it have roots, will quickly begin to grow if placed in a moist place in the stove, and neat look- ing plants are soon obtained in 60's. A soil not over rich suits it, and if a large proportion of sand be mixed in it, the variegation is well preserved. 67, LAPAQERIA HOUSE AT TRENTHAM.— The Lapa- gerias at this noted place have been unusually beau- tiful this year. The flowers of all the varieties are each lovely, but perhaps the loveliest of all is the Trentham white variety, whose flowers are ven large, of the purest white, and produced in the greatest profusion under fair conditions of culture. Many gardeners and others will remember the original plant in the old Odontoglossum-house, and which still remains in its old quarters. The under notice is the one more generally known as the Azalea- house ; its roof is now entirely covered by four plants taken from the old one. An idea mav be formed of the magnificent sight presented in Sep- tember and October last, when, at the time of mv visit (September 30), there were about 3000 fully expanded flowers hanging in graceful festoons from the roof, and hundreds of unopened buds to follow. The house is a lean-to, 111 feet long by 1 I feet wide ; the area thus covered is over DOO square feet, the roof being longer than the horizontal width of the house. Many who saw it — travellers who see most of the "good things" in the country— say they never saw anything to equal it before. E. Oilman, Ingestrt I > i , i J, PLANT NAMES —Many years ago I was a master at St. Columba's College, near Dublin. The pupils always wore Shamrock on St. 1'atrick's Day, and it was always the Iilack Medick. On last St. Patrick's Day, several Irish MI', s sent me sprigs of Shamrock. Once more they were in every case pieces of Black Medick. The authority for connecting with Mr. George London the transference of the name London Pride from the speckled Sweet William to the Kerry Saxifrage is given in Dr. Prior's book. W, T. PRESERVATION OF CUT FLOWER8.— 1 think many ot your readers would be glad to have a short article on this subject, giving the beet method of preserving cut flowers until wanted, It frequently happens both to private gardeners and the florist that numbers of valuable blooms are wasted for want of this knowledge. For instance, after a few sunny days, a batch of Kucharis or forced Roses will open their blooms all at once ; and if after using as many of them as are required at the time, the rest are allowed to remain on the plants, they quickly wither and die off; but if it were possible to gather and preserve them, it would be a great gain. I see in your notice of Mr. May's nursery, you mention that the flowers are kept in cupboards, against a wall in a shed with a north aspect. I know a case in which choice flowers are kept for a week or more in good condition in an old chest of drawers, stood out of doors. Should the flowers be placed in vessels of water and stood in air- tight drawers, or simply laid on damp moss, or what other material? Any hints on the best method of constructing a building specially for the purpose will be esteemed by — A Novice, QOLDEN PLOVERS.— I have just been looking over Mr. Johns' delightfully gossipy and charmingly illustrated book on British Birds and their Haunts, that I might find some information respecting the Golden Plover. Only the other day, Decem- ber 21, hearing a shrill short whistle far aloft, I looked up and saw a flock of these plovers making their customary voyage southwards. The whistle is so short and " shneky," that once heard it cannot readily be forgotten. Apart from the passing note, however, the broad V-shaped form which the flight of the birds assumed, sufficed to indicate what birds they were. Mr. Johns devotes a couple of pages of descriptive matter to the Golden or Whistling Plover, which we see only in the winter, and even then usually only when the weather assumes a severe aspect. Old weather observers shake their heads and hold that the appearance of these birds signifies hard weather early. Mr. Johns mention that these birds feed largely on earth worms, and in the moist cultivated lowlands which they frequent, it is their practice to tramp the soil as if for the purpose of alarming the earth worms and causing them to come to the surface, when they are caught, and eaten. When severe wea- ther arrives, the birds, finding that it is not pos- sible to capture worms, make their way south- wards or to the muddy seashore, where the mud worms in any case are always plentiful. Mr. Johns says, '■ From their making their appearance in the rainy season, these birds have in France obtained the name of pluiviere, whenee our name plovers, which however, is supposed to be given them for their in- dicating by their movements coming changes in the weather, in which respect, indeed, their skill is mar- vellous." Here we have at once the reason for the interest rural weather observers take in the move- ments of the plovers, for there is this belief widely prevalent that the coining southward in flocks signi- fies speedy hard weather. A. D. THE SACRED LILY OF CHINA, NARCISSUS TA- ZETTA.—I noticed on p. 755, vol. vi., of the Gardem n' Chronicle some remarks on the rapidity of growth of this bulb, and it may be interesting to some persons to know how I fared with .some bulbs which I obtained from a nursery on November 25. They were placed at once— some into gravel and water, and some into mould similar to that whicli is used for Hyacinths— and, to my surprise, they were in bloom on Christmas Day, two blooms being fully open on the morning of that day, and to-day (December oO) nearly all the bulbs were in bloom, and averaged six or seven spikes, with five flowers or flower-buds to a spike. The flowers are sweetly scented, and they have been grown in the stove, fully- exposed to the light from first to last. W. I.. THE EARLINESS OF PRIMROSES. — Whilst engaged in planting ubotit '■'< miles from Penarth, and near the coast, I came across a Primrose in full bloom on December 27— a very rare occurrence here so early, or rather, so late in the season. /'. Bishop, HEAVY CLAY LAND— I noticed an answer in a recent number of the Gardeners' Chronicle to an in- quiry respecting the cultivation of land of this nature. Having had sixteen years experience witha oil of the description named, I should like to explain the treatment which I employed to bring it into a condition to produce excellent crops of vegetables. In the first instance the ground was thoroughly drained with 3-inch tile drains, over which a layer of rubble stone was placed. These drains were 7 yards apart and 4i feet deep, and emptied into a 0-inch tile main drain, which conveyed the water to a neigh- bouring stream. In draining tenacious clay-land, it is advisable to cover the tiles with rubble or some similar material, to prevent the soil from clogging the joints. [In grass land, turf is used. Ed7], I remember when a boy, seeing in Sussex, in the draining of arable fields, small fagots ofling employed for this purpose, but for obvious reasons it would not be discreet to use this or anything of a woody nature in gardens. [Why?] The value of draining clay soils cannot be over estimated, and its advan- tages are so apparent, that no explanation is here needed. In trenching, potting refuse or garden rubbish, lime rubble, ashes, or the like material, should be worked into the soil, and we have never missed an opportunity of getting possession of these materials for employment in this manner, and to the manifest improvement to the garden. When prac- ticable, I endeavour to trench the soil in autumn before it has become saturated with the rains, and my mode is that known as bastard-trenching, the bottom spit being turned over and broken but not brought to the top, and the surface is left level. All that is then necessary when sowing seeds upon such a plot is to level it with a rake, clear it of stones, draw the drills, and sow. The surface having become pulverised during winter, readily >■■■' ' ; January 1. 1890.] TH E GA I? BE XE If S ' GHR 0 XI CL E. 25 yields to raking, and is an excellent bed for seeds. It is a mistake, I think, to attempt to dig over any piece of ground in spring which has been trenched in the autumn, as by doing so the pulverized surface is buried, and the soil which takes its place, and which has not been exposed to the elements for a considerable time, is not satisfactory for seed- sowing. It is also a mistake to make clay soils very fine, as when thus treated heavy rain forms a crust, which prevents many seedlings from pushing through it, and the result is often a poor crop. I used to cover all small seeds with prepared soil, a practice which answered admirably, but the land has now improved to such an extent as to make this practice unnecessary. The mode of cultivation known as ridging cannot be recommended for clay soils, and has the disadvantage of the furrows becoming saturated with moisture, which does not readily dry up until late in the spring, and makes a not very good seed-bed. I invariably dress the land that has been trenched with gas-lime, and when it is frozen sufficiently hard to carry a wheelbarrow, a wheelbarrowful is given to each rod of ground, which is not only a useful fertiliser, but is destructive to slugs, the Onion maggot, wireworm, and other enemies to the kitchen gardener. In using ordinary lime, I prefer doing so in the spring or summer months, when it is the more beneficial to the land. With regard to manuring, large quantities of stable litter are trenched in, much of it being fresh from the stables. Plots of ground treated in this manner are cropped with Peas, Scarlet Kunners, and dwarf Beans, the soil becoming consolidated before the sesds are sown ; and the crops are usually excellent. For Cauliflower, Celery, and similar crops, the manure is, of course, used in a more decayed state. I inions, Carrots, Parsnips, Beet, &c, succeed late Peas and Beans, the ground being again trenched for them without, however, the addition of any manure. It is impossible for tillers of heavy clay soils to follow closely in the usual groove respecting the rotation of crops — for instance, I could not with any degree of success, let Onions succeed Celery, as the ground would not be properly prepared in time for sowing the seeds. That. Coomber. NUTRITION b. SEX. — In reference to Dr. Bonavia's note in your issue Dec. 21, 1 should like to say that it has long been observed that the sex of plants raised from the seeds of dioecious plants varies according as the soil is rich or poor, or as the seeds are sown thickly or thinly. Thickly sown, or starved, the proportion of male plants preponderates. Thinly sown, or well-fed, females predominate; and that this is also true of animals seems pretty well proven. But when once the sex is differentiated or decided, then an alternative course of feeding or semi- starvation seems necessary to induce the highest fertility, the females proving most fertile when under rather than over-fed ; and the males vi This point is alluded to by Virgil in his (. and is of paramount importance both in the garden as well as on the farm. It has long been known that dioecious plants now and then alter their func- tions, those formerly males producing female flowers, rid . and there now seems to be but little doubt but that altered conditions of nutriment lie at the bottom of such changes, and even the ever- changing degree of fertility exhibited by our herma- phrodite dicecious trees is, no doubt, governed by climate — i.e., by heat, light, and moisture — which regulate the supply of nutriment assimilated by such trees and plants. The intelligent gardener will, of course, always be on the alert to seize and utilise facts of this kind, but a well-directed series of experiments in a public garden would do much to put practice on a surer footing in the direction above indicated. F. W, Bnrbidge. ARRANGING BORDERS OF HtP"3«CEOU3 PLANTS. — There is a considerable diversity of opinion on what is thought to be the most effective manner of carrying out this feature in a garden, each individual advocating his pet system a* being the best. And where the individual only is con- cerned, then whatever may be the shortcomings of that plan, according to the views of others, so long as the individuals in question are satisfied that they derive the greatest amount of pleasure by following it, obviously in such cases it would be folly to inter- fere, as flowers are planted and gardens kept in order that they may be enjoyed by those who pay for them. However, the manner of planting and arrangement is generally entrusted to some other person! with, in all probability, no more instructions than that it is desirable to make those borders as interesting and effective as possible. Now, the way in which this can be done best is a matter not so easily answered, as it must always, in a great measure, be influenced by the character of the place. Arrangements which might be suitable for one of almost unlimited extent might be altogether out of place under more restricted conditions. But in either case, whether large or small, it ought to be the object of the planter to dispose his plants in such a manner as to give the borders a well dressed appearance for as long a period as possible ; and for- tunately there is now such a wealth of fine material, that by judicious selection, there ought to be no great difficulty in maintaining a good display for at least two-thirds of the year. What I mean by a good display is, that the borders should present a flori- ferous appearance from end to end. Of course this stvle would not be compatible with the pet scheme of those who champion the planting of only one or two clumps of any particular subject, whicb style I would strongly advise intending planters to avoid, unless under special circumstances, which I shall notice presently. It always occurs to me when- ever I read or hear of any one advocating this style that they seem to forget that, owing t" the widely different periods at which such plants flower, there would necessarily be comparatively little bloom on the borders at any one time, even if the clumps were extra large ; indeed, this would make matters rather worse than better, as there would be correspondingly large blanks as the various subjects went over, and this in the case of early flowering subjects would, I maintain, be a serious defect during the best part of the season, without, so far as I can see, any corresponding advantage. Only imagine any moderately long border, say a couple of hundred yards, with only one clump of Snowdrops, Daffodils, Delphinium, P.> onv, Pyrethruni, Phlox, Tulip, &c. I think there would be no gainsaying the fact that the effect would be miserably poor. Another fallacy in the argument of those one clump advo- cates is, they aver that a repetition of the same kind of plant becomes monotonous ; if continued, as in bedding-out plants, I readily admit, this is so. But they overlook the fact that in the majority of herbaceous plants the flowering period is comparatively short, rarely more than a few weeks, and whether there be one or twenty clumps, they will come and succeed one another with the same regular monotony, if they choose to designate it such! But this ever-changing character is. I bold, one of the charms of a herbaceous border ; indeed, if well planted, it ought to forma gradual sort of transformation picture right through the season. To accomplish this is no very difficult task, only sufficient numbers of one kind of plant must be used to give the necessary dominance for tip- time being not necessarily all of one variety ; ou the contrary, as many varieties of the kind used should be included as can be comfortably accommodated, or sufficient to give the border for the time being, when in flower, a distinctive character, always of course taking care to make the clumps sufficiently large to be effective. I may mention a few of the subjects useful for this purpose, all of which are to be had in plenty:— All the early flowering bulbs, Pssonies, Delphiniums, Pyretbrnms, Anemones, most of the hardy Primulacew, Phloxes, mons, Hollyhocks, Uudbeckias, Gaillardias, Asters, Aquilegias, Dianthus, Antirrhinums, lleli- anthus, Hellebores, am' some of the Campanulas, and many others equally suitable, which could be selected according to the fancy of the planter. Perhaps by this time it may be thought that there would not be much variety in such a border. But the arrangement suggested need not materially inter- fere with the number of species and varieties which the border would otherwise contain, as by judiciously planting the early and late flowering subjects next to each other, the former will generally either be cut in 01 gone down by the time the latter requires the space. Moreover, in the case of bulbous or other plants which go down early, annuals should be sown in time to take their place— indeed, some of the showiest herbaceous borders which we have seen were a mixture of annuals and perennials ; these together give a luxuriance and wealth of flower not obtainable by the line of perennials alone. Annuals also fill up "the gaps of early-flowered things, thus preventing objectionable blanks sometimes seen in herbaceous borders ; besides, the use of annuals admits of greater space being left between the per- manent occupants, which gives greater facilities for cleaning— it may be manuring or forking between — when they are cleared off in the autumn. The one group of one variety system is all very well and appropriate when a large space can be devoted to these plants, and a background of shrubs, where recesses can be formed for them in such a position, any individual species can be seen to advantage, as the shrubs will prevent the effect of those which are past, marring others which are coming on ; but to adopt this plan on an isolated border, it has a very ragged and patchy look about it. Of course, intro- duce as many single clumps of individual species and varieties as the border will hold, as that gives interest to the border, but always plant suiricient num- bers of salient things to keep up a continual change in the general appearance of the border. Where wide borders can be had — say from 15 to -0 feet — then a splendid effect may be made by thinly plant- ing it with a selection of the best foliage and flowering shrubs and dwarf Conifers. This style is particularly applicable for public parks or large gardens, and also where comparatively naked borders would be objectionable in winter. In all cases, whatever the method adopted, it is absolutely essen- tial to success that the planter should have a thorough knowledge of the plants he is dealing with. F. R. COOL FRAMES FOR VEGETABLES.— To those who, like myself, have to keep up a constant and regular supply of vegetables in variety, and who have a late cold soil to contend with, a number of cool pits are of great service, particularly during the spring months, when the disadvantages of late soils are most felt. We are fortunate in possessing a large number of these pits, and in which early vege- tables are produced in the following manner. Having command of large quantities of leaves, a portion of the pits were so constructed that a bed of five feet deep could be placed in them, and these keep a steady bottom heat for nearly twelve months, being subsequently useful for replenishing beds for Pine- apples. As soon as the leaves, which are oft ink, are procurable, they are collected and firmly trodden into the pits, so that all the warmth they engender is utilized. For Potatos, we put one foot of rich light soil on the leaves, and when it is warmed through, which is about the end of December — the sets previously sprouted — are planted 1 inches deep and i foot apart. The after treatment consists in carefully ventilating the plants to keep them robust, and attending to the watering, a matter that requires a good deal of discretion, especially in the early stages of growth, when the vapour from the leaves will often keep the soil sufficiently moist, and too much water at that time affects both quality and weight of crop injuriously. To protect from frost, mats and litter are employed, care being taken that the points of the stemsdo not get frozen. The variety we grow is Veitch's Ashleaf Kidney. Carrots as an early vegetable are always liked, and are made use of by the cook even when very small. We formerly grew French Forcing for the earliest drawing, but have since substituted Early Nantes as bring better. The beds for Carrots are pre- pared in the same way as the Potato beds. The soil is, however, worked to a finer tilth, and when wood-ashes are at command, some small quan- tity of these is added to it. The seeds are sown broadcast in the beginning of January, and lightly covered with soil, and the plants are thinned when large enough to handle to about 2 inches apart, and when drawing commences they aie taken from the bed in a regular manner, in order to afford the re- maining roots light and air. Turnips are treated in like manner, but the seed is sown at the end of January, and again at a later date, and they are thinned to about li inches apart. Early Milan is the best variety for pit culture, as it comes into use quickly, and keeps for a long time in useable con- dition. Radishes, for want of space, are sown thinly amongst the Potatos, and are all drawn as soon as they are fit for use, so that as little injury as pos- sible is done to the Potato crop. Cauliflowers. — The pits for these are shallow compared with those for the other crops, bottom-heat being unnecessary ; nevertheless, a depth of about 1 foot of tree leaves is put into the pit to ensure good drainage, and upon this is laid a layer of short manure if inches deep, and covered with rich soil to the depth of 12 inches. The seed is sown at the end of August in a warm situation outside, and the plants when they have made four leaves are potted into large 60's, and afterwards planted out in January, at 15 inches be- tween the plants. Air is admitted freely when the weather is fine ; and when it is seen that the plants have made good roots, we assist them with liquid manure. Slugs are sometimes troublesome when the plants are young, but we rid ourselves of these 26 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 4, 1890. depredators by hand-picking. It is remarkable how well Cauliflowers do when treated in this manner, and the large number that may be grown in a small space, and the quality is perfect. The varieties we grow are Veitch's Early Forcing and Early London, the latter succeeding the former. Early forcing is much the handsomer head, and a perfect model in its way. Thomas Coumhrr. 5. The term hybrid * should not be used, except in those rare instances in which the variety is known to be of hybrid origin. 6. The originator has the prior right to name the variety ; but the oldest name which conforms to these rules should be adopted. 7. This committee reserve the right, in their own publications, to revise objectionable names in conformity with these rules, The Orchid Houses. Trkparatory to the commencement of the general repotting of all the Orchids requiring it, and which should be attended to in the first three months of the year examination of all the necessary stores should be made to see that sufficient peat, sphagnum moss, clean crocks, pots, &c, are on hand, and it not, they should be immediately got in. Half-pots or deep pans are the best for most epiphytal Or- chids, and especially those of low stature. An excellent quality of these, both for suspending by hangers, and for plants intended to be grown on the stages, are manufactured at the Wood Green Pot- teries, Waltham Cross. Teak-wood baskets are excellent for Orchids, and as many as can be grown conveniently in them, or in suspended pans, should be so grown. The temperatures for January should be :— warmest house, 65° to 70° by day, 60° at night ; in- termediate-house, 60° to 65° by day, 55° at night, cool-house, 50° to 55° by day, 45° at night. James 0'Br ===== NAMING VEGETABLES. The Department of Agriculture at Washington has issued a report of the committee on the nomen- clature of vegetables appointed at a meeting of the Experiment Station horticulturists, at Columbus, Ohio, in June last. The report and the rules which they offer are here presented :— Report of Committee. The committee believe that all interests will be subserved, and that dignity will be secured by simplicity and good taste in the nomenclature ol kitchen garden vegetables Reform in this department of horticultural no- menclature should be, prosecuted as vigorously and successfully as it has been in the nomenclature of fruits at the hands of the American Pomological Society. The committee are confident that brevity, accuracy and good taste in the naming of vegetables are perfectly compatible with the purposes of trade, and therefore solicit co-operation in this work not only from all writers upon horticultural topics but from all dealers in garden seeds and supplies. A name is bestowed upon any plant solely for the purpose of designating it ; it is not the province of a name to describe the plant. All description is pro- perly a part of the text. This description should present a characterisation of the variety, rather than a mere list of adjectives intended to catch the eye L. H. Bailey, E. S. Goff, W. J. Green. Rules. 1. The name of a variety should consist of a single word, or, at most, of two words. A phrase, descriptive or otherwise, is never allowable ; as, Pride of Italy, King of Mammoths, Earliest of All. 2. The name should not be superlative or bom- bastic. In particular, all such epithets as New, Large, Giant, Fine, Selected, Improved, and the like should be omitted. If the grower or dealer has a superior stock of a variety, the fact should be stated in the description immediately after the name, rather than as a part of the name itself, as " Trophy, selected stock." 3. If a grower or dealer has procured a new select strain of a well-known variety, it shall be legitimate for him to use his own name in connec- tion with the established name of the variety; as Smith's Winningstadt, Jones' Cardinal. 4. When personal names are given to varieties, titles should be omitted, as Major, General, Queen. The Weather. ntafigur [By the term "accumulated temperature" is m representing the aggregate amount, as well » ^= tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is" explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending December 30, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather has been changeable and unsettled in the extreme west and north-western parts of the kingdom, with rain at rather frequent intervals. Elsewhere the conditions have been quiet, and the rainfall very slight. In most districts, however, much mist, fog, and gloom have prevailed. "The temperature has continued 2° or 3 above the mean in Ireland and Scotland, and has just equalled the normal in ' England, N.E.,' but in all the other English districts it has -been below, the deficit having ranged from 2° to 4°. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded in most places on the 24th, varied from 50° in ' England, N.E to 56° in 'Ireland, S.' The lowest of the minima were generally registered on the 29th, when they ranged from 15° in the 'Midland Counties,' and 17° in ' England, E.,' to between 20 and 25° in most other districts. In Ireland and the ' Channel Islands ' the minima varied from 30 to 33°. , ,, " The rainfall has been less than the mean in all districts. Over the greater part of England the fall has been very slight. . "Bright sunshine has continued very deficient. The percentage of the possible amount of duration over the kingdom generally ranged from 2 to 18, but in ' England, S.W.,' 27 per cent, was recorded, and in the ' Channel Islands ' 30 per cent. Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. 3» Accumulated. « gj s \K 11. tS a **t .s-S ■** . d. I l. d. t. d. Apple-;, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-25 0 — Nova Sootia.brl.12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, EDg., lb. 1 0- 1 6 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... I —St. Michael, each 2 0- 6 0 Grapes, per lb. ... 1 0- 3 0 | SEEDS. London: Jan. 1. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that the seed market to-day was dull and featureless. In the absence of business, slightly lower values are mentioned for red Clover seed ; the majority of English samples now offering show poor quality. Trefoil, Alsike, and white Clover exhibit no material alteration. There is rather more inquiry for winter Tares. Blue Peas remain firm. Rape seed tends in sellers' favour. Bird seeds are now at a pheno- menally low figure. Feeding Linseed is neglected. CORN. Averages, — Olficial statement of the prices of British corn, imperial measure (quarttr) for the week ended December 2S, 1889 : — Wheat, 29s. \0d. ; Barley, 30s. Gd. ; Oats, 18s. 2d. For the corre- sponding period in 1888 : — Wheat, 30s. "id. ; Barley, 20*. \0d. ■ Oats, 16s. 3d. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : Jan. 1. — Moderate supplies, with a rather slow demand, at following prices : English Apples, 3s. to 6s. per bushel; AmericanApples, 15s. to 20s. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen bundles ; Cabbages, Is. to Is. Gd. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; Seakale, is. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Par- snips, id. to 8d. per score; Spinach, Is. Gd. to 2s. per bushel ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. Gtl. to 2s. per half- sieve; Turnip-tops, Is. to 2s. per sack; Sprouting Brocoli, Is. to Is. f>/. per sieve; Greens, 2$. to 3*. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Par- sley, L», Qd, (o 2». do.; Horseradish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle ; Celery, 4s. to 12s. per dozen bundles ; Leeks, Is. to Is. (3d. per dozen ; Endive, Is. to 2s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to [2s. per dozen bunches; Mus- tard and Cress, Is. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Eng- lish Onions, 7s. to 8». per cwt. ; Belgian Onions, bs. r bag of 11011).; Hutch Onions, 6». 07. to 6s. id. do.; Spanish Onions, 6s. to Is. pel Beetroots, 'M. to id. per dozen ; Carrots, I- ■ to 28 . per ton. POTATOS. Bonouan ano Si'iTAiinii. Deo. 31. — Supplies are large, with increasing stocks, but the proportion of best qualities is not heavy, and these uphold their value, with a moderate trade. Inferior sorts, from absence of demand, are nominally urn hanged. (Quotations: — Regents, 10s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, \6s. to 105s. ; Magnums, 4.V. to 00s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: Jan. 1 — Quotations : Magnums, I .''■■'. I" 60s.; Regents, .Mis. to ii.\..; Imperators, :M k. to 60s.; Hebrons, 50s. to 60s. ; Early Rose, 40s, to 50s. per ton. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Prime Clover, 80s. to 100*. , inferior, 45s. to 75s. ; prime meadowhay, 60s. to 92*. ; inferior, 36s. to 60s. ; and straw, 24s. to 40s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents ending plant-: or fruits to be named, or ashing questions demanding time and research for their solution, must n^t expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than su should be sent at one time. African Grass: Caroline C. The grass plumes seen in the Manchester florists' shop! are those of Gynerium saccharoides from I!ra/.il. Anou.i.ccm: W. M. An attempt has been made to fertilise the flower in some way or another, the ovary has swollen up, and the flower segmc nts have become withered accordingly, just as happens when fertilisation occurs. Bordeaux Mixture : X. Take 6 lb. of sulphate of copper in powder, and dissolve them in 4 gallons of hot water. Mix 4 lb. of lime with 4 gallons of cold water. Add the two mixtures together, and add water, so as to make in Jail 20 gallons. Do not forget the poisonous nature of the solution, and exercise due care. Cattleta Chocoensis Buds Damping : G. Stollery (Chicago). This plant has a habit of behaving in the way described by you. The evil may some- times be remedied by opening the point of the sheath. Too great a quantity of water at the root while the flower buds are pushing up, or too much atmospheric moisture in the house may cause such results. Corrections. — In Mr. Wythe's Calendar, Plants and their Culture, p. 751, read Impatiens Sultani, and I. Hawkeri. The latter does not bear seed, and must be propagated by cuttings. — See May's Nurseries, Teddington, Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 721 : for Adiantum Capillus-veneris read Adiantum cuneatum. Fungus : ■/. C. The fungus sent is the mature state of the dry rot. A short practical article on the subject you mention would be acceptable. Many thanks for suggesting it. Gbai cnjG Plums and Apricots: A. P. It is prac- tised in nurseries, when it is desired to raise stock without delay, but it is fast giving way, as a general practice, to budding, which entails fewer losses, and makes a neater union. Apricots break early, and should be worked on the freer-growing Brompton or Mussel Plum stock before the Apples and Pears are touched. The last year's shoots for grafts are better when taken in mid-winter, and laid-in in soil in a cold place till wanted. Plums would follow the Apricots a little later; and grafting should be done just when the sap is beginning to move. Budding is usually done with nearly matured buds in August and September, but with care, and the nse of a little grafting wax, it should succeed in the spring. .Iasmincm officinale qbandifloruh: W. H. T. We have not previously heard of this plant fruit- ing out-of-doors, but we have occasionally seen fruits of the common variety. London Porpuc: X. This is an arsenite of copper, and is used in the proportion of 1 lb. to Ions of water. Try a small portion first, as the solution is very poisonous to vegetable as well as to animal life. After using it, wash the plants well with clear water. M \ i . ■ LNTJE1 \ ■ lND Bi Li k EUlCBURQB Vines : A. 0. W. These are sometimes grown together in the same house, but never very satisfactorily, unless there be one end of the vinery which is much warmer than the other, as will occur when the boiler is partly placed under the floor, or there is a collection of hotwater-pipes at that point, and about this part of the vinery Muscat Vines will bring very fair bunches. If your Buckland Sweetwater it in such a position, it may be replaced by a Muscat with a fair prospect of your being enabled to cut ripe fruit in August, if the house is started early in February. The treatment should be inter- mediate between that required for a Black Ham- burgh and a Muscat of Alexandria, and even then the former will be dead ripe sometime before the latter begins to colour, and must be eaten, or cut and preserved in the Grape-room. Names oi Pi ants : K. G, Bordeaux, Epidendrum ciliare. Yotoo Gardener's Status: A Header. An im- prover is usually a journeyman who goes from place to place with the idea of acquiring a fuller knowledge of his business. Are there young journeymen who have not that laudable ambition ? If there are, we should say that it were better to class them as gardeu labourers. The term improver is a misnomer, and should be dropped. Apprentice, student, or learner— one whose aim is to master the rudiments of gardening— would be better. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. J. Cuyiv, Mount Talbot Nurseries, Roscommon- Forest Trees, Shrubs, Roses, &c. Charles Sharps .\: Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire- Garden and Farm Seeds. J. R. Pearson & Sons, 2, Exchange Row, Notting- ham— Seeds. R. B. Laird & Sons — 17, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh — Forest Trees, Conifers, &c. Robert Sydenham, Tenby Street, Birmingham — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Thomas Methven & Sons, 15, Princes Street, Edin- burgh— Garden Seeds, &c. Frederick Roemer, Quedlenburg, Germany — Flower and Vegetable Seeds, &c. John Laing & Sons, i'orest Hill, London, S.E. — Seeds, Novelties, &c. H. & F. Sharpe, Wisbech, Cambs. — Seeds (Whole- sale List). Dickson & Robinson, 12, Old Millgate, Manchester- Seeds. Cooper, Tauek & Co., Limited, 90, Southwark Street, London, S.E. — Seeds (Wholesale List). Cur. Lorenz, Erfurt, Germany — Seeds. Dobuie & Co., Rothesay, Scotland — General Cata- logue. Stuart & Mein, Kelso, N. B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge — Spring Catalogue, Seeds, &c. Dickson, Brown & Tait, 43 and 45, Corporation Street, Manchester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. James Dickson & Sons, 32, Hanover Street, Edin- burgh, N.B. — Vegetable and F'lower Seeds. Peter Lawson & Sox, Limited, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh, N.B. — Seeds (Trade List). Harrison & Sons, Leicester — Seeds. J. C. Wheeler & Son, Gloucester — Select Sed List. DIED. — Thos. Freeman, for niueteen years gar- dener at Honington Hall, Warwickshire, and twenty- two years gardener to Lady Cotton Shepherd, Crakemarsh Hall, near Uttoxeter, died atUttoxeter, Staffordshire, December 26, 1889, aged seventy- one. Mr. Freeman was well-known as a practical, all- round gardener, and was very highly respected by all who knew him. He leaves a widow, aged seventy- five, to mourn his loss, also a grown-up family. Enquiries. ;' jmstioneth ■ ■ m» i." Bacon. Tuberoses. — Will any of our correspondents kindly tell A. V. if Tuberoses, Polianthes tuberosa, will bloom satisfactorily a second time ? Changes Produced in Lychnis Vesper- tina by a Parasitic Fungus.— Messrs. Magnin and Giard describe the remarkable changes pro- duced in the flower of the common wild white Cam- pion by the attacks of a parasitic fungus, Ustilago antherarum. Lychnis vespertina is dioecious, and tin mile and female plants are essentially different forms, differing not only in the presence or absence of the male and female organs respectively, but also in the size of the flower (those of the male plants being smaller), the venation of the calyx, &c. Her- maphrodite individuals sometimes occur, but are simply female plants in which stamens are produced by thi presence of Ustilago antherarum. This fungus can develop its spores only within the anthers of a flowering plant. In such plants of Lychnis vespertina its only visible outward effect is a slight deformation of the anthers and shortening of the filament. In the female plant it brings about (1) the production of stamens; (2) atrophy of the style and of the upper part of the ovary ; (3) a greater or less elongation of the internode between calyx and corolla, this being also characteristic of the male plant. It also frequently causes tetramery or pentamery of the flowers, lobing of the margin of the petals, and a change in the venation of the sepals. This observation corresponds to those made by Miss Becker, Mr. Plowkioht, and others. , imMUHICATIOB RECEIVED. L. W. I. B. W.—3. T. Prague — F. S.— W. H. T.— S. D— P. MoO., Cape Town.— Baron v. M., Melbourne. L. G., Liege, Professor Lawson, Halifax, Nova Scotia.— C. Ross.— R. It Lowe.— A. Miller — Sold mill!.- Harrison & Sons.— W. K.— J. 0. W. & Son-. — M. R.— .1. v.m Vulx.iu.-ll. A. R.— A. D.—C. Ru Men — F R— S. II. Ii.— I'. 1,'. N.— Edwards, Stamford.— A. I..— R. D.— W. II.— J. 0-U.— F. S.— O. P. L.— W. T.— Dicksons. — Q. M.— W. H. S.— J. H.-J. Weeks & Co.— Ben. Rekl & Co.— T. 8. W.— G. Y. (next week). 28 THE < h 1 E l> E NE 11 S ' ( ' HE 0 Nl ( 'L E. [Jam-auy 1. 1890. " PICRENA, SAVE HALF THE COST. PADOinC'Q BEDFORDSHIRE UHilulUL 0 C0ARSE AND FINE tSS^r SILVER oANU Quality obtainable in the Trade. ('mourners should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus safe half the onhnari/rost. N<> TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kiwis of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag senton application to GEO. GARSIDE. Jun., F.R.H.S.. Leighton Buzzard, Beds. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, is Sro. >I THE UNIVERSAL INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Pkincks Stkket, Edinburgh. Ju'y 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide ■which you were so good to sent me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 9b°, I find it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 or,, to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies sre applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a mueh severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or ipray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January!, 1888. " Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Hold by Chemists. Nurserymen., and Florists, in Bottles at Is. «d., 2s. lid., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. M. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared onlu bi/ DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWAKDS AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. TOB ACCO PAPER, best quality, 8r7. per lb. ; -L 14 1b., Els. ; do. FIBRE, much stronger and better, 9rf. per lb. j 141b., 10s. 28 lb. carriage paid to any station. Large reduction to the trade. PEIRCE AND CO., St. Andrew's, Bristol. "Nothing Succeeds like Success." UTTPUUC (SOLUBLE) IlUulllJieO INSECTICIDE Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and B'ud Fanciers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, Bleacher, and Cleanser when washing Under Linen. K. .Id bv Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. fid., 2s. Gd., &4s. 6d ; 1 gallon 7s. 6d.,l gallon 12s.fi.l., or less inlarger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of application, addressed to E, GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. "Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK.— Bui.ker & Suns. III PEAT III SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. CHARCOAL. &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREES, CONIFERS. RHODO- DENDRONS.&c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS & CO., The Old-established Peat Depot , Rmgwood, Hants CARSON'S PAINT ESTABLISHED HALF A CENTURY. OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non- Poisonous Paiuts for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN— Discount for Cash. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF FRESH AND SELF-CROWN SEEDS. English Edition is now ready, and may be had Post-free on application. Id. Pott-card. My Business is the Oldest and Largest of Erfurt, and supplies private Hardeners and Amateurs only ; its ej-tensiveness arid perpetual growth, apart from testimonials, tpeaks for its reliableness. More than 60,000 parcels are sent yearly to all parts of the World. I offer my Seeds at much lower' prices than any Euglish or Continental Seed House of good repute, and guarantee besides self-grown, genuine, and fresh Seeds onto/, grown under my personal supervision. It is an established fact, that the areater part of all seeds sold in England or America is grown in.t.ermuni/, especially in and near Erfurt, the Garden Town of Germany. Everybody should buy. therefore, direct from the Grower in Erjurt. Save money, and get the most reliable value ! The fashion of most Seed Houses is to advertise by preventing a Catalogue, printed and covered in the most expensive and luxurious style, ornamented with gold and silver. Who pays for this? The buying public! Compare !' ' 'prices, please, with mine, and you will see the difference yourself ! My Catalogue is not -o profusely orname.ited,' but it contains a most complete and well-ordered List of the best Vegetables and prettiest Flowers, including all the finest Novelties of the Season, so arranged that everybody, with the greatest facility. c*n make their own selection, simply stating the number corresponding with the Catalogue. Purchasers of Seeds in large or small quantities cannot fail to see the advantages I offer. Furnishing you with my Catalogue, I place my stores at your very door, and i no hie r a. turners ' thousands of miles a wag to obtain their supplies as safely and cheaply as if they culled in person at mi/ establishment. Ordered Seeds will arrive in Great Britain within a few days, and are offered and sent Package and Postage Free. Direct Correspondence. No Agents. Your most obedient servant, F. C. HBINEMANN, SEED GROWER, ERFURT, GERMANY. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ^r3 VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GAREATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. gENTLEY'S Insecticide. Mr. i 8s. Send ' brte or t 1 'i days jrou w ill rei ei\ e Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS axs CO., 29, Ludg ite Hill, London, E.G. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEV HILL, HEAR DUDLEY, And at lis, QUKBH eiOTORIA STBBET, London, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. COVERED WAY ESPALIERS. S &-tr3fr* — Ir *, . 1 l" IRON ROOFINC AND HAY BARNS. a Special Estimates eiven for Large Contracts in Hoofing, 8tc. Personal Surveys of Estates made, ami advice given at) to the beat and most economical Fern Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. Fencing, pr.n til i.l ea to put RICHARDSON'S HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS Fixed ia any part of (he Kingdom with Hot-water Apparatus complete. Best Work guaranteed, and at Lowest Prices. NORTH OF ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL WORKS, DARLINGTON. CATALOGUE FREE. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock p J ACQ always on Hand. V T I i /A i lil, Special quotatiiti* for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices, NICH0LLS& CLARKE, 6, HICH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above an withoul exception the moal useful kind ot frame for plant growing, and everj withagarden should po The Bashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are pul together «iiii wedges, and can be taken aparl in a few minutes, Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station tn Gnglsxd, ready glazed and painted ; \ 2 o o Packing 2 10 0 t> feet long, •'; feel wide 6 feel ,, I feet L2 feet ,, I feet „ { Cases 1-476 6 feet ., 6 feet „ free. 8 1<> 0 1 'J feet „ 5 feet ,. { ) 5 17 6 Larger n -■■■■ at proportionate prices* R. HALLIDAY & CO., Builders re, Royal Hortli ultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. Loudon A^eut .Mr. M. Ski I.Iun, s l-im.ii, ,V.\, 'J, Ilollo\v;iy Road, N. _____ ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. 30 THE <;.\ a i>r:s Ens ctilWNlCLK. [Jantakv I. 1890. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising- Had Line charged as tivo. 4 Lines . . CO 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 5 „ . . 0 3 6 16 „ . . 0 6 .. ..04 0 17 ,. . . 0 7 ,, ..04 6 18 „ . . 0 8 „ . . 0 6 0 19 „ . . 0 9 ,. . . 0 5 6 20 „ . . 0 10 „ . . 0 6 0 21 „ . . 0 11 „ . . 0 6 6 22 .. . . 0 13 „ . . 0 7 0 23 „ . . 0 13 „ . . (I 7 6 24 ., .. 0 14 „ . . 0 8 0 I 25 ., . . 0 AXD SIXPENCE FOP. EVERY AFPITIOXAL LINT If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be If set across three Columns the lowest charge will Page, £8 ; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3. 8 6 0 0 0 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 (3 13 0 13 6 Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address. Is. (id., and Orf. for every additional line (about S words) or pari of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID, This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. JMPOIiTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers arc cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Bitiths, Deaths and Makbiages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisement': for the current meek jiuST reach the Office by Th arsday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. Tin. Ukited KINGDOM: 12 Months, 15g.; 6 Months, 7S. 6d. ; 3 Months, 33. 9a. FOREIGN (excepting India and China), including Postage, 17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 193. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE, W.C., to W. RICHARDS. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. BE D S T E A I) S. — For the use of Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we sold during 1888, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS' PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE .MATTRESSES combined, 3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis- count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to THE LON'liFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington. No. 55.— Span-roof Garden Frame. The illustration shows a Frame S feet by 6 feet. Made of good redwood deal, sides and ends 1' ineh thick, painted three coats of oil colour; lights 2 inches thick, glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. Height of sides, 14 inches. Height at ridge, 32 inches. The lights are hinged and fitted with " Registered" Set-opes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c, and the hinges are 90 formed that the lighls can be turned quite over, or taken off at pleasure. Length. W7idth. 1 Light Frame, i feet by 6 feet ... .Q pKI0ESN £2 17 2 .. „ 8 feet by 6 feet ... I CAEKIA0E'I * 7 12 feet by 6 feet ... and ft 17 6 16 feet by 6 feet...] PACki\G [ 7 7 d 5 „ „ 20 feet by 6 feet... "Vdp 8 17 » t> ,, ,, 24 feet by 6 feet ... v **""-• ) 10 1 « Carriage Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales, also to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stations. New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c, post-free for six stamps. DVERTISEMENTS Inserted in the DAILY NEWS and in all LONDON, PROVINCIAL, and FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS. Exceptional Terms for a Series. CONTRACTORS for the SPECIAL CORNER POSITIONS On PAGES 2, 3, and 6 of the GLOBE. The SPECIAL CORNERS of the EVENING .STANDARD. And the SPECIAL CORNERS on FRONT PAGE of the PEOPLE. Sole Agents for all Advertisements in the OFFICIAL GOVERNMENT POLICE GAZETTE. WILLING'S, 125, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Telegraph Address—" WILLING'S, Loudon." Telephone No. 277". a A R, DEN REQUISITE S.— Stick , Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo . Rust c Work, IV anures &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON A eries, South Norwood. WANTED, AT ONCE, in a general Retail Seed and Nursery Business, an experienced SHOPMAN. —Knowledge of Flower Trade.— Full particulars, references, wages, &c, LAXTON BROTHERS, Bedford. ANTED, in a Wholesale London Seed Establishment, a young Man, as ASSISTANT SHOP- MAN. Must write a good hand, and be used to Parcelling. — State experience, age, and salary required to ALFRED LEGERTON. Seed Merchant, 5, Aldgate, London, E. ■January 4, 1890.] 77/ E GA It D E Nti It N a tilt ON J CL /.'. \\"ANTED, AT ONCE, an experienced T T PACKER of Cut Flowers. No one who lias not been accustomed to handle flowers with the care requisite for travelling loog distances, and cannot produce good references, need apply.— Address, by letter only, to L., .30, Upper Philli more Place, Kensington, W. V\7"ANTED, for a Market Nursery, a steady" T V industrious MAN, used to Hot- water Fitting, Carpen tering, &e. — Apply, with references, by letter only, to .MARKET, care ol J. W. Vickers, 5, Nicholas Lane, E.C. T ADY FLORIST "WANTED, as Second A-i Must be good Wreath Hand.— HEWITT AND CO. Florist. 177. Broa I Stro r. Birmingham. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. II. Russell, late Foreman, Tatton Park, Knutsford, has been engaged as Gardener to Lord Hindlip, Doveridge Hall, Derby. Mr. J. R. RoDBornx, for the past twelve years Head Gardener at Coombe House, Croydon, has been engaged as Head Gardener to Miss Watney, Haling Park, Croydon. Air. William Meads, until recently at Beckett Park, Shrivenham, Berks, for fourteen years, has been appointed Head Gardener to Alexander Henderson, Esq., Buscot Park, Faringdon, Berks. WANT PLACES. rs a/tdressed ''Paste Restante" to tames are not forwarded, but are writers. at POSTAL O li I) E H S.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Post that it should be Ailed in payable at i\o. 42. DRURY LANE, to \Y. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it u to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.R. — The best and safest means of Remitting is by ■ MONEY" C "■' POST-OFFICE ORDER. N Oil CI-: TO A I) VER TISERS.—In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sen in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at alt. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LETTLE am. BALLANTYNE, TheQueen'a Nurserymen and S< ftdami a, Carlisle, with Landed Proprietors, wrricea of GARDENERS, FOBBSTERSTan I FARM BAILIFFS. Their extei relations throughout the Kingdom enable thern to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recomn I C II A R D SMlYH and Cft bet,, to annoi e that they are constantly ri applicai s From Grardenera seel , and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAl.Mi and SONS can at present recommend with every confidence Bevei practical MI'.N of tested ability and first- nil e I'tntniri.T I , i,.-, and Gentleman in want ol GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for Brst rate Eatablishmenta or Single- handed S:i itted and bare full particulanby applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill, London. S.E. S. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD gaiidknfr, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the beat selections for t lie different capacities will tx m I and Paradise Nurseries, Upper SoUoway, N. GARDENER (Head), in a good establish- ment.— Highest references. Thirteen years' experienc -, five years' last place. Left through death.— J. WARD, 15, Mansfield Road, Nottingham. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' experience in % iroughly competent in all branches. Good character. Abstainer, H * '.. Tongham, near Farnham, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), in a good establish- ment.— Highest references. "I hirteen years' experience, five years last place. Left through death.— J. WARD, 15, Mansfield Road, Nottingham. GA RDENER ( UkadJ.— Advertiser is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good all-round Gardener. Thoroughly understands Cue culti- vation of all kindaof Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetable*. sixi.*.n years' experience in good places. Steady man ; unexceptional Character.— GABDENEB, Asylum Cottage, Beddlngton, Snrrey. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman wishes to recommend a first-class Head Gardener for general routine of good establishment. Prizes taken one season: — Special for Orchids— Sixteen lst's, one 2nd; one 3rd for Fruit and Plants. Three years' and ten years' excellent character and testimonials. Leaving through death of master.— M. S., 20. Pelham Terrace, New Eltham. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30; thoroughly experienced in Flower and Kitchen Garden, I'iiiiit- ;i nd fruits under gla-^ ; three vears'tirst-chiss character. — T. P., 70, The Grove, Hammersmith. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39, married, 2 children (youngest 5 years); thoroughly practical in all branches. Good character and references. — W. T.. Mr. Woods, Snake Lane, Woodford, Essex. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 30, married, no family ; eighteen years' practical experience. Good references.— W. F.. Hall Gardens, Aston, Djrby. ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 40, married, no family; thoroughly competent in all brunches, and trustworthy. Life experience. Highly recommended.— G. MORRLSS, Kimbolton, St. Neots. ARDENER (Head AVobking).— Age 33, married, no family ; seventeen years' thorough practical experience in all branches of the profession. Highlv recom- mended. Left through death.— H. MUSTOW, Xettiogton, Budleigh Salterton. Devon. ARDENER (Head Working), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy man. — Married, no family ; over I went v \e tr-' experience. I our and a hall years' good character. — BROWN, 1&, Bllora Road, Str.a1h.inl Common, S.YV. GARDENER (Head Working, or good .Sinci.i -M.iM.i lu.- Age 30, married, small family; thoroughly experienced in Fruit, Rower, and Vegetable Grow- ing. Three years' character. -W. HOWARD, Ingersoll House. Willesden Green, N.W. GARDENER. — Married ; well recommended. — W. 9., The Gardener, Clitheroc Vicarage, Chippenham. Wilts. GARDENER, where two or three are kept; Mr. PARK! B .ii Gardens, Here- ford, woul id his Foreman. J, Harris, to any Lady or (tent l.-man requiring a practical man as above. GARDENER, t.i any Gentleman wishing to make his garden remunerative, or to Market Grower wanting a trustworthy man; is a good Grape, Tomato, and Mushroom Grower, iir would like to Rani a Garden with Glass] km B . :, Weal Street, Grimsbury, Banbury. ARDENER, or GARDENER and i: mi. iff. -Tin- Liverpool Horticdlturil Co, i near Liverpool, wish t.» recommend a first-class mania the ■ -. Full particulars on appli Oomp iny. GAUDKNKR (Singi.f-iiandsd, or where help is given).— Age 33, single; Fruit, Flower, Gl Kit, h.ui Gardening. Cause of leaving, throngh fan away. Three and a hall year.' character. 9700LGAR, Harrow Gate Gardens, Dorking. Surrey. G\ IIPENER (Under). — Age 21 ; seven [n le and Out. Goo-l references. A. CLARKSON, North Hill. Roundhay, Leeds, Yorkshire. ARDENER (Under), Indoor and Out.— Age 20; three years' ntlemen's Gardens. Willing t.i learn, Good character, w. G., Chandlers' Farm. Wootton, Dorking, Surrey. ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER ,, Gentleman's Establishment.— Age 19; four years' experience, two years' good character,— 0. I.., The Firs Nursery, J.aniM, y, .Volts. GIJi ii >M and GARDENER, or to Work in Garden, -Age 22, single, respeetnhle; no objection to Cow, where one or more ure kept. Willing to be useful. Is half years in present situation. Kent or Surrey Jireferre I. A. K. F., Knowles CYdtagrs, i%ii:,k,r's I. an-', Potter's Bar. To Nurserymen and Fruit Growers. MANAGER, or FOREM VN. -Age 36 j over twenty year-' practical experiei in Large Nurseries. Twelve yean Foreman in last situation.— THOS. ELLIS, , The Nurseries, W.-st Wickham, Kent. FOKK.MAN, tinder 1 1 lass.- -Age 25; nine years' practical experience in Flowers, Fruit, and Floral ins. Two years' good character as Foreman. — THOMPSON, Blankney, Lincoln. FOREMAN. — Understands the Management of Men, also his profession. Highly recommended from first, lass Nurseries - Id >II VARDIA. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TTOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, Indoors.— JL Osed to good all-round Provincial Trade. Wreaths, Crosses. flic. Good refer.-nees, --/., 7, Tideswell Road, Eastbourne. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN GROWER, PROPAGATOR, or SALESMAN.— Age 30 ; thoroughly experienced in lead- ing Market Nurseries. Wreaths, Bouquets, Decorating, &c. Good character.— D. E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wel- lington Streel, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, private establishment.— Age 25 ; well versed in Fruit, Plant Growing, &c. ; two years' excellent character ;i s Foreman last place.— R. P., Cookliano, Berks. ARDEN FOREMAN. — Married ; expe- rienccd, seeks engagement as Head. Thoroughly reliable character. — HEAD GARDENER, Shenton Hall, Nuneaton. To Florists. GROWER, Soft-wooded, for Market.— Well up in Ferns, Bouvardias, Marguerites, Tuberoses, and general Market Stuff.— T went vine years' experience.— M.M., Margaret Cottage, F'ortis Green, East. Finchley, N. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 23 ; practical. —For reference, apply to J. SMI ill, l, CravellsRoad, Harpeuden, Herts. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a good establish- ment.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience. Good character . H. G., Hythe, Kent. JOURNEYMAN.— Age "21 : two years' cha- racter from present place. Experience Inside and Out.— G. LEWIS, Pusey. Faringdon, Berks. O U R N E Y M A N.— Mr. Ward, Longford Castle, Salisbury, can thoroughly recommend a strong, active young man as above, who has just completed an appren- ticeship of two years in the houses. JOURNEYMAN, Indoors; age 22.— E. Mayo can with confidence recommend a trustworthy young man, wanting a change. Five years' experience.— The Gardens, Rodborough Court, Stroud, Glos. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21; strong and active; five years' excellent character; six mouths in Messrs. Veitch's Nursery, London. — M. SIMONS, 8, Catherine Street, Leicester. OURNEYMAN, in good establishment, or SECOND, where four or five are kept.— Age 28 ; good testimonials.— JOHN JOHNSON, Penny Bridge, Ulverston, Lancashire. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 22; five and a half years' practical experience in present situation. Glass, Kitchen, and Flower Garden. — EDWARD M. AINSWORTH. The Gardens, lianford. lilauilford, Dorset. IMPROVER, Indoors. — Wanted to place a respeotable young man in a good Nursery as above.— Mrs. EVANS, 10, Glynd toad, Plumstead. Seed Trade. IM PRI l V ER.— Quiok at Parcelling and I Irdei'S, Three years' experience in Ural class Midland House.— 11. DOLBY, Farlow, Erdington, Birmingham. IMPROVER, in good Private Harden.— A' respectable young man (age 88) will pay Premium of £5 for situation as above. Can be well r< ■' Homefield, Worthing. ended. -.1. KOLFF, Til IIKAIl (I.VUDENKRS.— Mr. Phillips, Tli*; Friare Gardens, Newport, Mum,, strongly recommends an industrious persevering young man as Second ur Third Journeyman in ^>o-\ establishment. rpo NOBLEMEN L GARDENERS.— Wanted to Apprenli, and GENTLEMEN'S . _ Youth in the Garden. Age between 14 and IB years. A. Premium will he paid.— Apply to WILLIAM FAHL, Gardener, Peverel Court, Aylesbury, Bucks. SHOPMAN. Age L'.'i : good knowledge of Trade. First class references. Could keep lluoks if desired. Would Manage Branch Fstahlishmenl , ur Work up Seed Connection —A. Z.. Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand. W.C. SHOPMAN (Assistant). -Age 24J eight years' experience in S Is, Plants, and G nil Nursery Stock. Twelve months with present employer. — ALPHA, Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. SEED TRADE.— Advertiser is open to an engagement. Eighteen years' practical experience in all branches of the Trade. First class references. .Married, age 34. X. V. Z , Gardeners' Chronicle ollice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OEED TRADE.— Advertiser, age 31, married, O seeks engagement. Sixteen years' first-class experience ; excellent references. — PRUDKN'iTA, Gardeners' Chronicle Olhce, 41, Wellington St., Strand, W.C. CARMAN.— Age 20; can Ride, and Drive Single or Pair. Good character.— C. D., 18, liarlhorough Street, New Cross, S.E. WANTED, by a young LADY, engagement in good class Florist Business, Good references. — A. FARRAN. 2, Verandah Terrace, West Street, Colchester. OLLO WAY'S PILLS.— The sudden changes, frequent fogs, and pervading dampness, sorely impede the vital functions, and conduce to ill-health. The remedy for these diseases lies in some purifying mediVin.\ lik<- (hr-..- Pills, which is competent to grapple with the mischief at its source, and stamp it out without fretting the nerves or weak- ening the system. EEolloway's Fills extract from the blood all noxious matters, regulate the action of every disordered organ, stimulate the liver and kidneys, and relax the bowels. In curing chest complaints, these Pills are remarkably effective, especially when aided by friction of the Ointment, on its walls. This double treatment will ensure a certain, steady, and bene- ficent progress and sound health will soon be re-eBtabliahed. THE GARDENERS* CUE OX I CLE. [J-ACT.VRY (, iS90. BOULTON NO. 75.FRAMES L-Light, 4 by G 2 „ 8 by 6 ••! ., 12 by 6 I ., 16 by 6 5 „ 20 by 6 & -• n 1 Sashes | glass, and painted thrt E2 -.1 with 21-07.. English CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, in- .■Iii.Iiiil; diNSKKVAToRIES, GREENHOUSES. FRAMES, BOILERS. HoRTKTLTdRAL IMPLE- MENTS. IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING. &c. BOILERS of all makes and sizes supplied at the cheapest rates. VALVES, PIPES, and all FITTINGS in stock. NO. 74.- FRAMES. 1-Light, 4 by 6 . . . . £2 15 2 „ 5 by li . , . . "4 7 3 ., 12 by ' HEATING I HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, rtake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latesWmd most approved class, including the Have the HORIZONTAL TUOULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATINC CEAR and VALVES. UPPER I to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular B.nler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby I without the necessity of disturbing ihe brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, Telegraphic Address-"Hot-water, London." Telephone, No. 4763. effected in the < LONDON ■of a few minutes, S.E W.H.LASCELLES&CO, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. 1 WW w MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Prjtectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never More attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2S. post-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ; 25 Copies, 5?. ; 50,10s.; and 100, 20s. Parcels of not leas than 25 delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not le9S than luO Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington ^Jreet, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBURY, AgneW. & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Couaty of Middlesex, and published by the lid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 4, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywoop. ESTABEJSHED No. 159.— Vol. TIL ( Third 1 \ Series. J SATURDAY, JANUARY 11, 1S90. 'Regt. as a Newspaper, f PRICE 3d. WITH SUPPLEMENT.^ POST-FREE, 3}d. CONTENTS. Aerides suaviss its varieties ADgrsecum Amebiaeornuta, improved 52 Baxter, Mr. \V. H. ... 49 Benaxy, Herr Ernst ... 49 l-'roii table Fruit Grow- t Lockinge 43 I National Chrysanthemum [ Society Novelties of the past year ine Botanical Magazine ... 50 Botanical press, a port- able 50 Bulb season of 1889 ... 40 Burfonl Lodge, flowers at 4^ Camellia buds, dropping . 55 Cats in the garden ... 55 Chrysanthemum Mrs. S. Coleman 52 Compass Plant, the ... 51 Cucumbers, culture of ... 40 Darlingtonia californii a . 50 Field mice and bulbs ... 54 Florists' flowers 52 Garden scholarship^ ... 19 QardenerB* Orphan Fund 54 ,, problem n 48 Gooseberries, large ... 53 Greenhouse, the amateur's *' Beeston " ."■„' Horticulture, a Hull for... 49 Iris Barkerianu 5,9 Kitchen garden, the ... 47 LieliaGouldiaiia 42 Lilacs, doubl b flowered ... 55 Illustrations. Amebia cornuta. Improved Greenhouse, the amateur*! " Beeston " Locking. -, View of Badlands, conservatory at (Supplement}. Orchid-houses, the Orchid notes Orchid's, hardy tenet- Pandaaus odaroUssirans... Perennials, planting Plants and their culture . Potato Bobert Fenn Pyrethrum powder Pyrus japonica alba Badlands, Glasgow Rhododendrons, bybrl l Rose, a good autumnal ... Rose Conference, statistics of the Roses, Attar of Royal Horticultural So- ciety Saccolabiuiu Hendersoni- tie- Seeds. trade in Shaw. Henry, the late .. Societies : — Dutch Horticultural National S,i. iii-ili Horticultural Tongues in trees ... Trees and shrubs... Tuberoses ... Weather of 1*89 ... .ivcoli- . trfgintipetala Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertuements occupying less space than an entire column. THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE IS AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is jj4..*10 for Twelve. Months. Agent for America :—E.H.LIHItV. Manager, "The American Garden," III, Sprue. • Str.-.-t, N..-w York, to whom American Orders may 1»' sent. •rPHORNS.— 12 to 18 inches, Vs. per 1000; JL £10 per 100.000 j 1} to 2 feet, ll.<. per 1000; £110 per 100,000; 2 to 2J feet, IBs. per 10OO; £60 per 100,000 j -' to 3 feet, 16». |wr moo ; a to I feet, 18t. «... per 1 GAKLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. SEEDS— SEEDS SEEDS.— Select Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at Wholesale Prires. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General CATALOGUE, Gratis and poet-free. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich. Kent. L ILIUM AURATUM.— Good, plump, sound Bulbs, 6s.. 9i., 12s., 18s., and 21s. pet dozen. All other good LILIES at equally low prices. Mr. WILLIAM BULL'S Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 638, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. Trade Offer of Small Palms. WICETON has a very fine Stock of the • leading kinds of PALMS for growing on. Prices very low for large quantities. W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. RIMULA SINENSIS FIMBRIATA "EMPRESS." This is B very tine semi double variety. The colour is a delicate pink of a very pleasing tone. Per Packet, .Is. 6d. B. S. WILLIAMS AMD SON, Victoria and Paradise Nur- series, Upper Holloway, London, N. pAETER'S VADE MECUM for 1890 V> is Now Ready, and has been- posted to Messrs. Carters' Customers. Price Oke Shilling (pjst-free) to unknown correspondents. It contains six elegant Coloured Illustrations, and will be found a most thorough book of reference by all who desire to cultivate successfully the choicest Vegetables and the prettiest Flowers. JAMES CARTER am. CO., The ijueen's Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, 2.17 and 2.is, HIGH HOLBc iRN, W.C. HOOPER and CO. (Limited) beg to an- nounce that their SEED CATALOGUE for 1890 is Published, and will be forwarded on application. Covent Garden and Pine-apple Nurseries, London. AUSTRALIAN SEEDS LUCERNE. GRASS SEEDS. PEAS of sort-. PALMS EUCALYPTI. CYCADS, CASUARINA, &c, Seeds and Plants. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Drafts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seed-men's Sundries, Utensils Sec. requested. STEPHENSON ami JOHNSON. Seed Growers and Merchants 9. King Street, W., Sydney, N.S.W. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890. — We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable an 1 Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties 0< the season. May be had on applirnt Anj ..I our customers not having received < hv post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall WATKINS ami SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb .Merchants Enter Street, Strand, London, w.c. PALMS, Leading deoorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KI.ViHOKN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey and Flower Market, Covent Garden. W.C. Trade Price Current. 1890. PETER LAWSON am. son (Limited). Wholesale Bead Growers and Merchants. Edinburgh l ll.e.r tNMAL CATALOGUE of VEGKTAULF and FLOWER SEEDS to their Customers II not delivered In any case, another copy will !-■ posted onapplii at The asm w. CATALOGUE of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS published lat.r on; meanwhile, special otters will be rhenrequ ' iqoeated. made - El fC 1 1 A 1 ; I s A ,\| a ZONICA GRANDIFLORA —Sevrr^.l itrong pota In bee! possible condition, 6». to 2S». Also STEPS wins FLORIBUNDA, same nricec W FISHER, Grove Nursery, Hither Gre Lewisham. CM VRLES COOPER and CO, Wholesale Florists and Commission Aobhib, Bedfordbory, Covent Harden, u , are 01 I Ei TO RECEIVE consign. MENTS of CHOICE cur FLOWERS. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Iiarnliani) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Ai mil Sales daily, and cheques at. option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. c HOKE FLOWERS Highest Market Prices g, HENRY RIDES. Q CHOICE FRUIT. anteed. Prompt cash. in Harden, w.c. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NiRsi hymen, Bldcnp, and 2BS, 286, 287, 288. Flower Market. Covent Garden. London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied Telegraph Address— •' COMMISSION, SIDCUP." HRISTMAS TREE WANTED, by Jan. 27, 25 to 80 feet high. State price to hire or buy carriage paid. W. BURKE, IS, Ashley Road, Crouch Hill, N. ANTED, 150 PLANE TREES, Stem ID to 12 feet high, with large leads. Samples will be paid for.— R. KNoX, Clarence Nurseries, Gravesend. ANTED, a good Second-hand SADDLE TUBULAR BOILER, to heat from 1750 4-iu. piping. Price and particulars. Apply to Mr. CURRY, Milford Hill, Snlisbu-y. CUTTON'S PERFECT GEM PEA.- *~> A dwarf wrinkled second early, which has proved a great acquisition. The haulm only attains a height of 18 to 24 inches, and is almost hidden beneath a crowd of perfectly straight handsome pods, well filled with lar.e Peas of superior flavour. Testimonial : •' Fully podded from top to bottom ; large green Peas, which are surely the sweetest and most tender I ever tasted; colour perfect."— Mr. R. Gilbert, The Gardens, Burghley House. Per pint, 2s. lid. For full pai- ticulars of Sutton's Specialties in Vegetables, Potntos, and Flowers, see Suttou's "Amateurs' Guide," the most complete gardening annual issued. Price Is., Post-free; gratis to customers ordering goods value 20s. and upwards. Sutton's Seeds Genuine only Direct From SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. R I M U L A SINENSIS FIMBRIATA " FIRE-FLY." This is a beautiful semi-double variety. The colour is of a deep crimson, somewhat more intense in shade than " Meteor." Per packet, '.is. 6 '. B. S.WILLIAMS LSD SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. C Plant Now for Spring-flowering. CLEARANCE SALE OF BULBS J at Reduced Prices. HYACINTHS. TULIPS, DAFFODILS, NARCISSI, CROCUS, SNOWDROPS. OHIONODOXA, &c, &e. Priced LIST free on application. BARR AND SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. *.(", 000 GREEN EUONYMUS, ''\J^\J\J\J nil good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, lSi. to £10 per 100. free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, Brighton. QU I 0 K S— 0 U I C KS— QUICK S. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10»., 12.1., and lfw. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS and SON. .'..'. Market Square, Northampton. II O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES tree on application. FRED, ROEMEB, E I Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. ROSES — ROSES — ROSES. 30s. per loo, best mimed Dwarf H. P. 's. 7i is. per ion. best named Standard and Half St d. II. P. 'sand Tana 7.1s. per 100. LABURNUMS, 7 to 8 feet stems. Jt". per lno, Hindi Italian POPLARS. 7 to 10 feet stems, good. Cash with order. C. H. GORR1NGE, Rosalinda Nursery, Eastbourne. Cucumber " Lockle's Perlectlon." CHARLES TURNER, having purchased the Sl,„k of this sterling new variety, la much pleased lo introduce it, and ran with the greatest confidence recommend it as the U-st Cucumber ever sent out. Price per packet, Is. till, and 2s. tM. Descriptive CATALOGUE upon application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. The New Raspberry. LORD BEACONS FIELD. (A Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes lids, per loll ; 4s. per dozen. Trade supplied; Cash with order. Captain Strawberry Plants, at. [s'r 1110. Buy direct from the Grower. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungerford. V The BeBt Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The moat complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes ana their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price ?>s., post-free 5*. $d, A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. SHARPE'S VICTOR POTATO (True).— The earliest prolific Potato extant. Extra selected from original stork. Price, 28. tier stone of II lb. Cash with order. J. E. DIXON, ill and 2H. Lord Street, Gainsborough. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEand PLANT MANURE.— This valunble Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 34 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 11, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday and Saturday Next. Choice-named Standard and Dwarf ROSES, including many show varieties ; EVERGREENS. SHRUBS and CONIFERS. LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns. Pyramid and Dwarf trained FRUIT TREES, large Collection of English-grown LILIES ; LILIUM AURATUM. in quantity ; SPIR.EA JAPONICA, DAHLIAS. CARNA- TIONS, and other BORDER PLANTS ; GLADIOLI, fine sorts; HYACINTHS. TULIPS. CROCUSES. NARCISSUS, aud other DUTCH BULBS. ]\TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above 1VL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 15 and IS, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday next. January 16. Three cases of ARACCARIA EXUELSA. and 150 plants of MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA, received direct. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, on THURSDAY NEXT. On view morning of Sale, and Calalogues had. Thursday Next, January 16. EXTENSIVE IMPORTATIONS from JAPAN. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. January 16, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, extensive importations from Japan, comprising 3<).unii grand bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, I.. LONGIFLORUM, 500 L. JAPONICUM KRAMERI, L. SPECIOSUM ALBUM and RUBRUM. L. FOLIS. ALBIS MARGINATIS. and many other LILIES, just received from J-ipan in splendid condition. • On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, January 16. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 33, King Street, Covent Garden.W.C, 1 1 THURSDAY NEXT. January 10. at half-past 12 o'Clock p e;isely, a fine lot of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, from ,vell-known collections, consisting of some line specimens and varieties. On view moruing of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday Next. DUTCH BULBS consisting of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CRO- CUS and NARCISSUS, being the surplus stock of a London Seedsman, about 300 lots ,,i various English grown LILIES and HARDY BCLliS, AZALEAS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and tSS. Cheapside, E.C.. on MONDAY NEXT, January 13. at half- past 12 o'Clock precisely. On .view morning.of Sale, and Catalogues h»d. Wednesday Next. ABSOLl'TELV WITHOUT RESEliVE. 463 CASES OF JAPANESE LILIES, j 1st received from Japan (the whole of the Bulbs in previous euts having been disposed of), comprii 21,000 LILIUM AURATUM, including agreit number of exceptionally large roots, which are in grand condition, the whole to he offered iu lots of 6, 10, 50, 100, and 500. 10,100 VARIOUS LILIES FROM JAPAN onsisting of 3.400 Lilium Krameri, 1,000 L. macranthum. 2,300 L. speeiosum album, rubrum. and roseum, 1.200 L. longi- rloruni and 1,300 L. rubro vittatum, virginale, Brownii, Han- 9 mii, Leitchlini. Bateinaunia1, and concolor, 400 L. melpomene, a id 500 L. album Kreetzeri. The Sale will also include— 10,500 American Pearl Tube- roses 4,000 Double African Tube- 10.000 Gladiolus Brenchleyen- 4,500 „ Rosy Morn 1,100 Tigridia grandiflora, grandit!ora alba, and couchiflora 300 Azalea Mollis monstrosum album ,, 1 Washingti ,,-: Hunibolrlt Humboldti and par- canadeuse 250 calochorti 3.000 Montbretia Pottsii 1,000 „ crocosmiaetlon tigether with extra strong clumps of llelleborus niger, Green- house Plants aud Ferns in variety, collection of Daffodils various English-grown Lilies and Hardy Bulbs. Cypripediums from America, &c, in all about 900 lots. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, (17 aud 68, Cheapside, Loudon E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, January 15, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues post free on application. N.B. The Auctioneers desire to call the special attention of the Trade to this highly important Sale. The Japanese Lilies — in splendid condition, the large Lili been examined, and m auratum being especially fin Friday Next. CATTLEYA MENDELII and c. MOSSI.E. aud other ORCHIDS, from Mr. G. T. White. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, on FRIDAY NEXT, January 17, at half-past 12 o'Clock a line lot of CATTLEYA MENDELH. C. MOSSI.K, and other ORCHIDS, from Mr. G. T. White, together with a large assortment of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, various Properties! On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. M Sales from Sample of NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NEXT SAMPLE SALE will take place on THURSDAY. January 23. for which they will be glad to RECEIVE ENTRIES on or before the 14th inst. Mount View, Sheffield. Sale of the First Portion of the VALUABLE COLLECTION of upwards of 1600 ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late David Ward, Esq., J. P. The plants are in the best possible condition. The collection is one of the finest in the district, aud includes Specimens from several well- known Collections. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON, J-fJL respectfully give notice that they are favoured with instructions from the executors to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises as above, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, January 22 and 23, 1890, at 11 A.M. precisely each day, the First Portion of the ABOVE VALUABLE COLLECTION, comprising 500 lots in Bloom and Bud. For further particulars, see Catalogues. May be viewed (by order from the Auctioneers) six days preceding Sale, from 11 to 3 each day. Auctioneers' Offices and Sale Rooms, 2 and 3, East Parade, Sheffield. N.B.— The SECOND PORTION of the COLLECTION WILL BE SOLD about the FIRST WEEK in MARCH; and the THIRD and LAST PORTION in MAY. Channel Islands.— To Grape Growers. FOR SALE, with possession, Old-established and well-known BUSINESS, comprising over 4 acres of Freehold Land, 1300 feet of Glass, Dwelling-house and Trade Buildings. Easv terms of payment mav be arranged. Further particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. Florists and Gardeners. TO BE DISPOSED OF, an Old-established BUSINESS. Price £400 for Lease, Good-will, and Stock. Rent. £50. Conservatory and Stable. Very well situate. E. AND F. SWAIN, Agents, 82, High Street (opposite Notting Hill Gate Railway Station). W. OR DISPOSAL, a FLORIST, NURSERY, and JOBBING BUSINESS.— Price for Fixtures, Stock, and Good-will complete, £100. In present hands nine years. Nominal rent, and within 2 miles of Covent Garden. CALLINGHAM, Princes Square, Kennington, S.E. TO BE LET, on Lease, near Weybridge, about 3 acres of LAND, suitable for Nurseries, containing 16,800 super, feet Modern Glasshouies, fully heated on be-t principle, and planted with Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, Gros Colmar and Alicante Vines — mostly 4-year old canes. Productive Tomato Crop can be grown till Vines bear. Apply, Mr. G. MUNRO, Fruit Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN" COWAN), Limited, Have an immense stoc-k, to which they are constantly adding, and all are offered at the lowest possible prices. LISTS with Prices and particulars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. LILIUM AURATUM, home-grown flowering Bulbs, 6<. to 0.s\ per dozen ; a few extra, 12s. per AZALEA MOLLIS. Seedlings, mixed, good bushes, well set with buds, 6s. to 9s. per dozen. RHODODENDRONS, best named hardy varieties, 1.5s.. 24s., 30s., to 40s., per dozen ; Seedlings from the above, 1 to 1£ foot, well budded, 6s. to 9s. per dozen. Sweet-scented and other Greenhouse kinds, 2s. 6d. . 3s. 6d., to OS. each, covered with buds. General CATALOGUE free. J. DAVIES AND SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk, Lancashire. WYCH ELM, 8 to 10 feet, 2os. per 1000; English. 8 to 10 feet. 25s. per 1000. BIRCH, 10 to 12 feet, 16s. per 100. POPLARS, 10 to 12 feet, 20s. per 100. Corsican PINE, 4 to 5 feet, 75s. per 100. Extra .strong QUICKS, 6 feet, 30s. per 1000. Austrian PINES, 2}, 3J, 75s. per 100. C. BUTLER. Nurseryman, &c, Wellington, Salop. The Successful Transplanting of Large Trees and BOOK ON TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS. Post-free on application. CHARLES R. KELLY, Landscape Gardener, Tarnoiley, Cheshire. HENDEHS' PRIZE PETUNIAS, the finest strain in existence. Grand Double Fringed, Is. 6d. and 3i. per packet . j Single Fringed, new, saved from line fringed flowers, 2s. per packet; Single Striped, specialty for 40 years, Is. and 2s. per packet. BALSAMS, Henders' Double, the finest obtainable, 8 vars. 2s. 6'f. ; mixed, packets, Is. Henders' CATALOGUE of first .piality Seed free on application. HENDER and SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. To the Trade. NUTTING and SONS have now Posted their WHOLESALE CATALOGUED GARDEN aud FLOWER SEEDS to all their Customers. If not received, a Copy will be sent on application. 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E. HRYSANTHEMUMS, best sorts true to name, strong Cuttings now ready, from Is. Hd. per dozen, 10s. per 100. Many of the best prizes in the country are taken by my customers. For price of New Japanese Incurved, &c, see CATALOGUE, 2 stamps, of W. ETHERfNGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swanscombe, Kent. FOR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS in 3-inch pots, at 17s. per 100. Cash with order. T. BALDWIN and SON. Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Ley ton. FERNS. — FERNS.— FERNS .—Cheap trade offer of twenty most saleable sorts, at 12s. per 100. ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, PTERIS MAJOR, &c, packed for SMITH, London Fern Nursery, 140, Loughboro' Road, Brixton. PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion: Prices extremely moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON and SONS. ChilwelL Nurseries, Notts. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE. Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238 High Holboen, London, W.C. ESSRS. DICKSON beg leave to intimate that their CATALOGUE (No. 370) of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS has been Posted to their Customers. If not received. Messrs. Dickson will be pleased to send another Copy. Their newly issued LIST of HERBACEOUS PLANTS will also be sent. Gratis and Post-free on application. Royal Nurseries and Seed Establishment, Chester. LARCH FIRS.— 20,000, 3 to 4 feet high; 20,000, 4 to 6 feet high, extra strong, twice trans- planted, specially good, and are offered cheap to clear. Large quantities of strong FOREST TREES, including Ash, Oak, Beech, Hornbeam, Spruce Firs, and Austrian Pines to offer. COVERT Plants. Laurels. Evergreen Privet. Tree Box, Ber- beris, and strong Quicks, of which samples maybe had and Priced CATALOGUE free by post. R. TUCKER, Nurseries, Faringdon, Berks. HOOPER and CO. (Limited), beg to announce that their Wholesale Seed CATALOGUE has been published and issued, and should be in the hands of their Customers. In case of not being received, another Copy will be forwarded upon application. Seed Growers and Merchants, Covent Garden, London, W.C. O COMPETITORS, and all who require Seeds and Plants of the choicest and most reliable k n.ls we offer to send our New CATALOGUE and Conipcliior's GUIDE (128 pages) gratis and Post-free. Ten Certificates of Merit were awarded our strains of Vegetables at the Great Vegetable Conference held by the Royal Horticultural Society in 18S9. Nine First-class Certificates and "Commendations of Strains "have been awarded by the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society during the last two years to our Florists' Flowers, most of them after trial at Chiswick. DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers aud Florists, Rothesay, Scotland. Brocoli.— A Good One not Easily Got. HARTLANDS "APRIL QUEEN."— Is a sterling Novelty from South of Ireland. Certainly one of the finest in cultivation ; ready for use during the months of April and May. The heads are of immense size, and the leaves, which are most abundant and peculiar in colour, form such a thorough protection, that the outer appearance, before being stript, is that of a " high quality " Cabbage. It has been grown locally to great perfection— some heads weighing over 14 lb., from the very close protection — white as snow. In sealed packets, Is. > us to our customers only, on so ingenious a plan that all can compete on fair and equal terms, wherever they muy reside. All who can grow things Weil should see our Catalogue. i proof of our confidence that our term- 1 prices are of the best is that we send our Grand. Illustrated, Descriptive. Full Cultural note CATAJLO0UE, Post free to ■ppli RYDER & SON, SEED MERCHANTS, SALE, MANCHESTER. pARNATION, GLOIRE DE NANCY.— \J We are sending out our own strain, the grandest white, clove-scented flower in cultivation ; flowers from 6 to 9 inches round; for cutting, border, or conservatory decoration-, if bus 110 equal ; good strong rooted lavers. ready to pot up or plant oat, 80s. for 100, 16s. for 50, 3s. for 25. We have also a grand lot at the true OLD RED CLOVE layers (we never had better) at 20s. for 10U. 10s. for 50, lis. for 25; also a fine lot of the COUNTESS. bright terracotta, and ROSY MORN. striped pink, at 90s. for 100. and a grand lot of double white PRIMULA, In 5-inch pots, in flower and bud. at 10s. per doz. — COLLINS ami SONS, Cumberland Park Nurseries, Willeaden Junction, W. BECOXIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Eour Gold Medals. Seed saved from Pri/.e Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties. Is., 2s. 6J inches round, 12 for 5s., 100 for 30*. ,, ,, 10 to 10$ inches round, 12 for 7s. id., 100 for 50s. Better Bulbs impossible. Special Trade Prices. AMERICAN " PEARL " TUBEROSES, just arrived, 12s. 6d. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA " THE BRIDE." 6s. 6d. per 100. „ BRENCHLEYENSIS, scarlet, 3*.6r7. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, very dark form, immense Japun.'se bulbs. Is. each, lus. dozen. „ ALBUM KIL'ETZERI.pnre white, 12*. doz. „ WASHINQTONIANUM (Californian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs, 22s. per dozen. „ HUMBOLDTH,giganticbull>s, 22*.perdoz. „ PARDALINUM MICHAUXII, large clumps, 2s. tjt/. and 3s. 6d. each. Finest obtainable quality, at very low prices. W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, WEST GREEN ROAD, TOTTENHAM. NEAL'S NEW RUNNER BEAN "NE PLUS ULTRA." Per Packet of Fifty Beans, One Shilling, post-free. The true stock of Seed harvested by Mr. Neal in 1889, can only be obtained genuine from H. DEVERILL, Royal Sf.ed Stores, Banbury; or from those Firms H. Deverill may supply, a List which will shortly appear. Latest Proof of Excellence. " Wycombe Abbey Gardens, December 13, 1889. "My DEiR Sin,— Taking all points into consideration, Neal's • Ne Plus Ultra ' Runner Bean is unquestionably the best kind in cultivation. Its perfect form and tine appearance renders it invaluable and indispensable as a variety for exhibition purposes.— Yours very truly, GEO. THOS. MILES." "Mr. Hkhry Deverill, Banbury." CATALOGUE Gratis and Post-free. H. DEVERILL, SEED GROWER AND MERCHANT BANBURY. GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, THOMAS METHVEN & SONS (By Royal Warrant Nurserymen and Seedsmen to the Queen) BEG TO INTIMATE THAT THEIR DESCRIPTIVE PRICED CATALOGUE OF GARDEN AND FLOWER SEEDS, IMPLEMENTS, GLADIOLI, &e., for 189 0. Is now ready, and may be had Free on application. EAST LOTHIAN INTERMEDIATE STOCK (Methven's Choice Strain). White, Purple, Scarlet, Crimson, and Snow-white, Wall-leaved. In packets. Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. each colour. SEED WAREHOUSES: 15, PRINCES STREET, & NURSERY GATE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH. riUD T ADCM7 THE LARGEST AND OLD V-fAllAi i-s<, of Florence, has afforded me the opportunity of looking up the matter, and the resnlt has induced me to pen this note. Mr. Boss's specimen was labelled A. Kohanianum, Kchb. f„ but on comparing it with the description of that plant, and with several other forms which have received specific names, I have come to the conclu- sion that several described species must be con- sidered as varieties only of A. suavissimum. They are as follows : — A. flavidum, Lindl. in 1'axt. Fl. Gard. ,ii. (1851—52), p. 101, a form with the seg- ments of a very pale rose colour, which flowered in the collection of A. Kendrick, Esq. A. Kidchenbachi, Linden, in Koch & Fintelm. Wochenschrif' , 1858, p. 01, a form with the segments white, spotted with amethyst, the lip white, with yellow side lobes, and a green spur. Introduced from Borneo. Figured in Xenia Orchidaeea, ii., t. lot, also in Lindtnia, t. 1, the latter figure, however, more nearly resembling the typical snavissimnm. — A. nobile, Warner. S Orch , ser. i. 1 1802—65), t. 11, a fine form, with pale flowers very closely resembling A. flavidum. There is also a poor figure of it in O'artenflora, t. 641. — A Kohanianum, Kchb. f., in Gard. Chron , 1881, pt. 1, p. 206; a form described as having the segments white or rose, or rose-mauve, and always with a white border; the lobes of the lip white, the spur sulphur, orange-coloured, with numerous small spots ; the horns inside the lip are also said to be somewhat peculiar, but I can see no difference between them and those of A. suavissimum. Of A. suavissimum theie are figures in Paxton'a Mower Garden, ii., t. 66, and in Lemaire's Jardin Ftmristc, ii., t. 213, both of them differing as much from the form origi- nally described as do some of the above forms from each other. The form figured in Lindmia is said to have been imported from the Philippines, so that the species appears to be widely diffused. Lindley called it "the sweetest air-plant," and, in addition to its delicious fragrance, its long and dense racemes are certainly very handsome. Ii. A. Iiol/e. Ll.I-IA AN' EPS AND I l> VABS., AT " TllE DBLL." It is always a pleasure to go through Baron Schroder's Orchid houses and see the magnificent collection of plants at certain times when they are in bloom. A most effective display is made by the varieties of Ludia anceps, whose trasses of large flowers look very gay. One of the least known and most distinct varieties of L. anceps is that known as ainabilis, which was described for the first lime in the Gardeners' Chronicle, for Jan. 26, 1889, by the late Prof. Keichenbach. The flowers are lovely, the sepals and petals being of the clearest white, sometimes faintly flushed with rose ; the lip is remarkable for the conspicuous crimson streaks on the side lobes, and the mauve-purple blotch on the middle lobe in front of the bright yellow callus, which is lined with purple down the centre. L. a. Percivaliana, with its white lilac-flushed sepals and petals, and the deep magenta front-lobe of the lip, was highly attractive ; also some wonderful specimens of L. a. Dawsoni, and L. a. Sanderiana — these two last producing immense flowers, remarkable for the purity of their colouring. L. a. Williamsii has very large flowers which are almost entirely white, except for the yellow disc and purple streaks on the side- lobes of the lip. Among the other varieties that were noticed, were'L. a. Hilliana, with white sepals and petals, and a faint mauve flush on the lip; L. a. albi, with flowers wholly white were it not for the yellow disc ; L. a. rosea, with white flowers tinted with rose ; and the very distinct but rather rare L a. Barkeriana, with its very deep rose-purple flowers. Visitor. [Figures of most of these varieties were given in our 1st volume for 1887.— Ed.] NEW YEAR FLOWERS AT BUR- FORD LODGE. On New Year's Day an inspection of the gardens of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., revealed a rich display of flowers in the renowned collection of Orchids, and other departments under glass, and notably the rich collection of Anthuriums, which occupy almost all the space of two houses, and the various species of winter-flowering Begonias. The hybrids of Calanthe have been in fine order the whole winter, and still the successional plants of C. Veitchii superbaX, C. Veitchii lacteax, a clear white-flowered form, and C. Sedeni X with its rich crimson eye, oifer sufficient beauty where a selection of varieties may have to be made. With these, C. rosea X, C. porphyreaX, and others, obtained by Sir Trevor Lawrence, by crossing with Limatodes labro.«a; some good forms of C. Kegnieri, and O. vestita superba, make a very bright display. The house of Mexican Ladias has a centre of attraction, a noble plant of the new L;clia Gouldiana, with ten spikes and about forty flowers, and of which an illus- tration will appear in these pages shortly. It is richly coloured, and the best of the dwarf Lailias. The L. anceps varieties are commencing to flower with the white L. a. vestalis, and other white forms ; the true form of L. a. Percivaliana, L. a. Hilliana, L. a Dawsoni, &c, being also among those which are already expanded. The fine dwarf I,. fiirfuraci-n and a large specimen of the neat L. albida were in bloom, and in the same house was a specimen of the yellow- lipped Odontoglossum Londi'sboroughianum now so seldom seen. The Dendrobes in bloom consisted chiefly of hybrids, and many of them r;ii-*ed at Burford. Among these the crosses with I), l'indlayanum, and named D. chrysotoxusX, and I), melunodiscusx, are rery pretty; and apparently to the same section belongs D. xmthocentrumX, a pretty variety, with the large labellum two-thirds yellow, and with but the faintest brown spot at the base; the beautiful D. micansx, D. euosmum leucopterumX, D. Domi- nianum X , and D. splendidissimum X ; four Veitchian hybrids, and D. rhodocentrum, and others are in bloom. One of the most curious features among the Dendrobes is the flowering together of the varieties of D. nobile, and which offers special facilities for comparing the flowers of the different varieties which have sported in gardens, viz., I), nobile Tollia- num, which exhibits traces of trilaliellia, and further has the peculiarity of always flowering with its labellum turned upwards; I), n. C ooksonii, which is a marked case of trilabellia, the petals partaking of the characteristics of the lip. To these may be added an extraordinary form now in flower, in which the labellum has merged into the lower halves of the two lower sepals, the trilabellia being shifted from the inner to the outer plane of segments. Throughout the year there are Cypripediums in flower ; and many of those seen were the C. venus- tum crosses, which, however, they may be despised when small and weak, make fine objects when their peculiarly large, shining flowers are strong. Among these are C. pavoninum X (O. venustum and C. Boxallii), C. Measuresianum X,C. chloroneurum x, and C. politum X. Also in bloom were many plants of C. callosura, C. nitens x, and approaching it in appearance, C. insigne Mooreanum X. The cool houses have the usual Odontoglcssums just coming in, with plants of the rose-coloured O. Cer- vantesi morada of the Liverpool Horticultural Com- pany; O. Krameri, 0. Rossii majus, Oncidium bar- batum, l'ilumna fragrans, a single specimen of the orange scarlet Epidendrum vitellinum, and several fine Sophronitis grandiflora.some of them having thirty or forty flowers on a panful. The Masdevallias also give their quota, with some large specimens of M. tovaren- sis and some of the scarlet species, and the curious M. muscosa, with its moving labellum, the singular M. pulvinaris ; and with them Pleurothallis ornata, with upturned velvety black flowers, edged with white fringe, sensitive to the faintest breath of air. The warm houses have in bloom several Vanda Amesiana, Saccolabium violaceutn, S. Harrisonianum, Paphinia grandis, Spathoglottis Kegnierii, Angnecum sesquipedale, Ccclogyne lentiginosa, C. speciosa, and others; and among the odd plants none are more beautiful than a raft covered with the dwarf Epiden- drum polybulbon, whose flowers have yellow and chestnut petals, and a snow-white lip. Among these Epidendrum prestans, Odontoglossum cariniferum, Sophronitis violacea, Oncidium cucullatum, O. chei- rophorum, Cattleya chocoensis, and one of the finest forms of C. Lawrenceanura which has yet bloomed, are in flower. Tin- I'm i > ■ 1 1 i\ "i Am ni'uif.Ms, so ornamental in foliage and inflorescence, and espe- cially of the rich scarlet A. Andreanum section, have noteworthy examples in A. Laingii, with large white spathe, and dull rose-coloured spadix ; A. Ltndeni, white, delicately tipped with rose; A. Ed- wardii roseum, and A. Mortfontainense, both good ; A. Princess Clementine, a white A. Andreanum, and several unnamed Burford seedlings of rich colours. Among the Begonias, B. John Ileal, which is pretty, and always welcome in winter, and the varie- ties of B. nitida, were the most attractive. Large sp-cimens of the rich-coloured Impatiens Ilawkerii, the blue Tillandsia Lindenii, Senecio pulcher, and other winter-flowering plants, make gay the houses in which Mr. Bain, who has so long been the gardener at Burford Lodge, takes such pride. PYRETHRUM (INSECT POWDER PLANT). Tin following compilation of particulars respect- ing Pyrethram, the Insect-powder plant, will probably be interesting to those who know the value of pel 'ilei cultures in piling up little profits. During the long series of desultory campaigns kept up by the Kussian Government in the Caucasus, and resulting in the annexation of the country, the military cantonments simply swarmed with fleas Like Pharaoh's frogs, these insects were everywhere, but were not as easily kfpt at bay. The floors of some of the tents seemed to be nlive with them, and the men were at their wits' end to get rid of the pests. They so effectually banished sleep, that whole companies would prefer to lie in the open and take their chance of weather, rather than share the tents with the fleas. Some of the Tcherkess prisoners, who knew the ways of the country better than their invaders, at last lK out the secret of a plant whose smell was fatal to the lively flea ; this was the Pyrethrum roseum. It did not appear to be in commerce, hut was gathered up the mountain slopps at an altitude of 6000 to MOO ft., whenever wanted, hung up to dry, and rubbed to powder between the hands. However, before long, the collection of plants became a regular occupation among the shepherds, and a Kusso-Annenian mer- chant named Yumtikoff bought all that was brought in, and manufactured the powder. From that small beginning arose a very consider- able industry, the export tax upon which Is a valuable item in the revenue of the provinoe, 44 THE GAI? D E XEli S ' CHI? 0 XI CL E. [January 11, 1890. It is not quite clear whether the success of P. roseiira as an insecticide induced trials on other allied species, or whether the mountaineers of Dal- matia had already knowledge of the properties of a similar plant. But ere long Pyrethrum cineraria; folium was largely cultivated in the Littorale, and so anxious were the growers to keep the monopoly in their own hands, that all the seed sent out for sale to agents of other countries was carefully baked to prevent its germination. In 1856, M. C. Wille- mot commenced the cultivation of Caucasian Pyre- thrum on a large scale in France. His plants were examined by Duchartre, and, not being recognised as a slight variety of P. roseum, were called by him P. Willemotii Duch. This accounts for the two synonyms in vogue. For ourselves, it will be handiest to call the two species Caucasian and Dalmatian Pyrethrum respec- tively. Willemot recommends a somewhat open, dry soil, well-drained, and not too clayey in character, the plant being very ready to die when germinating in too much humidity, and easily killed when mature by water-logging the nursery-bed with careless irrigation. The seed is best mixed with light sandy soil, sown on the surface of a well- prepared bed, and covered with a thin stratum of sandy mould. A light rolling after sowing is bene- ficial. The bed must not be allowed to dry out to the shallow depth of the seed. In about thirty days the young plants make their appearance, and as soon as large enough to be handled, are transplanted 6 inches apart on a well-prepared bed. Three months subsequently they are re-transplanted at double the former distance. The plants bloom in the spring of their second year. Thus far for the French practice. Here the greater heat of our climate, and a little careful management, may ensure flowering the first season. The best rule will be to treat the plant in about the same way as we are accustomed to treat Asters, Zinnias, and the like. In California the cultivation of the Dalmatian plant is carried on by a settler from Dalmatia much in the same way as Mr. Willemot has directed. A fine, loose, open soil with a little old manure, form the nursery bed. The seed is mixed with sand, sown on the surface, and raked in to not more than half- an inch in depth. Too much water will destroy the seed. Weeding and transplanting in damp weather, when about a month old, concludes his directions. Of the two species, P. roseum is by far the more showy. Its flower is not at all unlike a rather poor Aster, the rays varying from pinkish-white to deep blood-red. The leaf is cut like a Fern. P. cine- raria; folium is white-flowered, and has a considerable resemblance to the Lasiospermum, or Cape white Camomile-weed, which covers outspans and road- sides, having a yellow disk and brilliant white rays, the underside of which is discoloured to a dull grey. The leaves are also Fern-like, but more coarsely divided than in the P. roseum. In the manufacture of the powder the flower- heads must be gathered in fine weather, immediately on their opening, as that is the period when the essential-oil, on which its insecticide virtue depends, is most plentiful. They are then dried in the shade, where a draught of air can be secured. Exposure to the sun, to moisture, or to artificial heat, deteriorates the produce extremely. When quite dry they may be ground at once, or preserved in tin canisters till the whole harvest is ready for manipulation. The plants themselves are also cut to within 4 inches from the ground, and after drying are ground up. Of this inferior produce, one-third part by weight is added to the powder of the blossoms, There is no doubt that the Colonial snuff manufacturers could grind a better and more saleable article than could be prepared by any foreign appliances. Of course, a coffee-mill, finely set, will somehow grind the mate- rial, but as the effect of the powder depends to a certain extent on its degree of fineness, it would be a pity to lose the advantage to be got by the special work of the snuff-mill and graduated sieves. It is not to be expected that Pyrethrum will be of any great use as an insecticide in agricultural opera- tions. Mr. Willemot, zealous to promote the new industry, proposed to protect wheat and maize from weevil by mixing ten ounces of his powder with ten bushels of grain. The effect would be scarcely ap- preciable. With bisulphide of carbon readily applied and certain in action, there is little reason to try Pyrethrum. It has been tried in the United States to destroy insects in gardens in various ways, e.g., in form of dry powder puffed over the plants, in a mixture with water, and in fumigation. In all cases there is so much loss of the volatile oil by free contact with the atmosphere that its use can scarcely be said to be economical on any but a very small scale. Hoses and Cinerarias may be cleared of aphis or green-fly by its means, but even in these cases the plan is amateurish, and presents no advantages over the old methods with tobacco water and tobacco fumi- gation. Domestic use as a safeguard against the lively flea is probably the proper outlet for the sale of Pyrethrum. P. MacOmom, F.L.S., Cape Town Botanic Garden. ■^\ abundant cellular matter in the shoots it is diffi- cult of propagation ; moreover, the petals have to be separated from the calyx by hand, which is not necessary with B. alba and E. damascena, thereby making its preparation more costly. The hardiness of the last two Eoses is un- doubted, for they come from the neighbourhood of the Shipka Pass (Anglice, wild Eose), where the Eussian soldiers died in great numbers from the effects of cold. Moreover, the plants have under- gone the rigours of a German winter last year without injury, although the temperature fell to zero, Fahrenheit. The blooms are picked in the earliest hours of the morning, and sent off without delay to the distillers, who give in Leipzig 6^. per kilogramme of blooms, inclusive of calyx ; and as between 250 to 500 of these go the kilogramme, and constitute the crop of one bush, the profits are considerable under intelli- gent care, on good soil. One Eose plant is allowed to \h square yard = forty-four on 100 square yards, and will carry 250 blooms. -R. ALBA V.\n. SUAVEOLENS, OBOWN FOR ATTAR IV GERMAN V. ATTAR OF ROSES. Through the kindness of Dr. Dieck, director of the Arboretum Zoeschen, near Merseburg, Germany, we are enabled to give figures of two species of the Eose, which, owing mainly to his endeavours, have been introduced by him into the Fatherland from Eastern Eoumelia. Our readers are aware of the fact that all, or nearly all the attar of Eoses consumed in Europe, came originally from that part of the Sultan's dominions. The exportation of cuttings or plants was rigorously forbidden by the Turkish officials, so that the ac- quirement of cuttings or plants in a living state was almost impossible ; and it was only when many of the Mahommedar, Bulgarians and Eoumelians migrated from their homes into Asia Minor after the late war, taking their beloved Eoses with them, that it became possible to hoodwink and trick the officials, and send packages of cuttings, &c, to Zoeschen. The Kazanlik Eoses — that is, Eosa alba var. suaveolens (fig. 7), and the red E. damascena var. trigini tipetala (fig. 8) — are the Eoses which stand highest as attar (oil) producers, although there are others grown by the peasantry in Eoumelia and Bulgaria. We may mention the fact that the well-known Eosa centifolia gives sparely a delicious attar, but that owing to the II.UID-WOODED GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Those of us whose gardening experience dates back long enough, can well remember how popular hard- wooded greenhouse plants once were, and how proud those gardeners used to be who succeeded in grow- ing better plants than their neighbours ; and it, indeed, was a creditable performance for a gardener to produce a collection of Cape and New Holland plants in good condition and well flowered. Fashion has changed in respect to many of these subjects, and has pushed many beautiful plants, once much grown, into the background ; but they will, I think, again come to the front when their decorative value shall be fully realised. The leading trade growers are apparently aware of this fact, and will not lose sight of the best things. Some of the old favourites are quite as popular as they ever were, notably the Indian Azaleas, which are amongst the best of the hard-wooded plants, and no one will venture to assert that they have not great beauty and are popular. Cape Heaths, with their delicate pearly blossoms, are grown in most gardens, and those which flower in winter are grown and sold by tens of thousands; but even with all the Heaths, greenhouse Azaleas, January 11, 1890. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 45 and Rhododendrons, Hippeastrums, and other popular plants thrown in, there are no truly blue flowers amongst them. There is supposed to be a blue Ilippeastrum [Griffinia?], but it will, I fear, be just such a mythical plant as the blue Chrysanthemum. H. Kayneri is supposed to be the plant, but its flowers, as coloured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5883, are more of a rose than purple tint. [Amaryllis Rayneri is a synonym of Hippeastrum procerum.] Those who have the plant find a difficulty in blooming it ; therefore, if we want blue or purple flowers, we must grow those named at the head of this paper, and to them might be added some of the beautiful floriferous greenhouse Statices, such as the robust S. Holfordii and S. pro- fusa, the last being well named, for the wealth of bloom produced by a full-grown plant is quite marvellous. Pleroma elegans, a greenhouse plant of great beauty, is of free growth, and has been in cultivation in England for more than fort) years. It was first discovered by Mr. Gardner in the Organ Mountains, care being taken that there is a little fibre in the loam peat. We must not forget that " as the twig is bent the tree is inclined," and we must set about training the plants carefully from the first. This one and mauy other of the same character should be trained in the form of a spreading bush ; and to do this, the young shoots, which will develop rapidly, must frequently have the points pinched out, and the growths be tied out laterally, and not twisted round sticks as is sometimes done, and other unnatural modes of training should be avoided. In their early stages of growth, the plants will push freely if placed in a temperature of 55°. Keep them near the glass so as to develop short- jointed shoots ; they will flower nicely on second year's growth. When well established, they require repotting once in a year, and a good time to do so is when they pass out of bloom. The repotting must be done with care, and the potting material should be of the best ; tough fibrous peat and loam torn to Fig. 8. — n. QAtXlCA ■. u i u \. QROWN roil attar id Germany, (see v. 41.) but Messrs. Veitch & Sons were the first to introduce it into cultivation, through their collector, Mr. W. Lobb. It will live and thrive in a greenhome all the year round, but we obtain the largest and linest flowers when the plants are started in an early vinery at the same time as the Vines, the extra beat afforded giving the plants a better start ; and they develop better at a later period in the green house, the plants being placed in the greenhouse just before the flowers open. The old plants are apt to have long naked stems in course of time, but they will usually, with good management, have a presentable appearance for at least six years. The plant is easily propagated from cuttings taken in July, which strike freely if placed in a pot, covered with a bell-glass, on a shelf in the greenhouse. The cuttings should be of the fame season's growth, and taken before the wood has become very hard. From six to nine cuttings may be inserted in a 5-inch pot, a compost of two- parts sandy peat, one part loam, and silver sand, if necessary, should be employed. The cuttings will push forth roots, and may be potted towards the end of September, potting being done in 3-inch pots, the compost being the same as that in the cutting pots, pieces by hand being best, some sharp sand added to the whole, and if small lumps of charcoal be interspersed through the potting material, the results are beneficial. The plants, it may be said, do not need a large shift, and a change from a 7-inch pot to ',1-inch one, or from a 0 to an 11-inch will be usually sufficient to secure good growth. The mass of soil should be in a moist state before being turned out of the old pot. I're68 the soil rather firmly in around the ball of roots, and do not water the newly potted plants for three or four days. After the repotting, the plants should be kept in a closer place for a few days, and if the air gets dry, sprinkle the paths of the house two or three times a day with water. In summer or early autumn, new roots speedily push into the new compost; but if the plants are watered at once after the re-pottiug, and the new soil should thus be made too wet, it will sometimes become sour, with the consequence that the plants will not do so well as would have been the case had the roots pushed out into the new soil before water was afforded. It may be desirable to very lightly sprinkle the plants with a syringe, if the weather be warm and dry. In growing these, or, indeed, hard-wooded plants of any kind, they should always be placed near to the glass in a house which is light and airy, not too closely together, and above all not crowded by Pelargoniums, Cinerarias, &c, or other soft- wooded plants. There is often a serious error com- mitted by persons who have but one or two green- houses, and are anxious to do as much as they can with their resources, for they not only overcrowd the plants, but mix hard and soft-wood plants to- gether in indiscriminate fashion. Failure is then certain, unless very great attention is given to them. Lasiandra macrantha has even more beautiful flowers than the above plant, but it requires a rather warmer temperature, and I am not able to induce it to make a floriferous specimen plant. The variety L. floribunda will blossom in small plants, and it is one that should not be neglected. It requires with a warmer temperature much the same kind of treat- ment as the first-named. Hovea Celsii, an Australian plant, should be in every greenhouse, for its deep purple-blue flowers on slender stems are sure to please. We have here a plant that is about thirty years old, which has flowered freely every year since the seedling state. It does not form a self-supporting bush, and when its shoots are twined round a few sticks, or are dwarfed by being bent down, the character of the plant becomes lost. I now allow the growths to run up in their own free way, cutting the plant down when it has flowered out. It is best propagated by seeds, and flowers when quite young. Another beautiful plant from the same continent is the blue- flowered Leschenaultia biloba major, a really green- house plant, and one which may be propaiated freely enough from cuttings treated like Pleroma. It used to be considered one of the choicest of exhibition plants, and I well remember Mr. J. Fraser, Lea Bridge, exhibiting a beautiful specimen at Regent's Park on almost the last occasion he sent his grand specimens for competition ; but it has gone into the limbo of forgetfulness with the Kpacrises of G and 7 feet high, and as much through. [It is still well done by Mr. Balchin, of Hassock's Gate. lie] The Leschenaultia can not be grown into an immense specimen ; but well-grown examples of U feet high and as much through were appraised at their true value, both by exhibitors and judges; no other hard-wooded greenhouse plant has such beautiful blue flowers, or is so effective for the green- house or at exhibitions. The slender growths are deep green in colour, as are the small leaves. The plant is liable to greenfly, and the shoots may be covered with them before the fact is noticed. The shoots are of more upright habit than some other species of the same genus, and require more care in training, as they are very liable to snap off. The Statices are some of the most useful plants for exhibition and the greenhouse, the small blue flowers, with their pure white corolla, being very effective. S. profusa is more to be depended upon for exhibition purposes ; but S. Holfordii is a more noble looking plant, and should be started in the warm-house in the spring with the Pleromas. Staticej require ample pots in which to grow. J. Douglas. Trees and Shrubs. TYRUS JAPONICA ALBA. I wish to put forward the claims of this plant for culture in pots in a cold-house during the winter. I am referring to the pure white variety introduced by Messrs. Veitch & Sons some time ago. A plant of it in a pot that stood out-of-doors all the summer and up to the end of November, is now in bloom, the blossoms of the most snowy whiteness, and though the plant is email, they are freely produced. It is in a cold-house, and therefore helped only by such fugitive solar heat as can be captured by the glass at the end of December and early in January. It will go out-of-doors again as soon as possible, for I find it is very subject to blight in the young foliage, if kept under glass too long. It. D. 46 1HE GAUD EN E R 5' CHRONICLE. [January 11, 1390. PuiLADELPHUS LeMOINEI X. The result of a cross between P. niicrophyllus and P. coronarius. The plant forms a compact, nearly spherical mass of foliage, as wide as it is high. The leaves, which are narrowly oval, are about one quarter the size of those of P. coronarius, and nearly five times as large as those of P. micro- phyllus. The flowers are large, with spreading petals. It is very free- flowering and fragrant. It was raised by M. Lernoine, of Nancy, and is described and figured in Garden and Forest for December 25, 1880, by Prof. Sargent. frame incites to vigorous growth, and maintains healthy longevity. During sharp frosts, it will be well to place a mat over the sashes and sides, or, as I have someti mes done with C. spectabile in a frame on a northern aspect, place a layer of a few inches of dry leaves over the roots. William Earleij. HARDY TERRESTRIAL ORCHIDS. CypniPEDiDM spectabile when well grown and bloomed always repays the cultivator for his trouble, but it is only one amongst many other easily grown Orchids. I have succeeded with this and others, potted and plunged in cocoa-nut fibre, in a cold frame, fixed to a north wall, the plants being watered when the soil got dry, and the sashes were put over them in winter and removed entirely between June 10 and November 1. The following method, whilst adhering to these lines, though it did not appear to improve the plants much, sufficed to bloom them well and many others. A cold frame 4i feet in width, 2 feet high in front, and 4 feet high at the back, made with two thick- nesses of board, with interstice of about 1J inches between the boards, was erected at the foot of a wall facing south east ; the soil was taken out to the depth of 10 inches, and at the bottom 3 inches of coarse coal ashes were placed ; then the space between the boards of the front and sides was filled up with fibre, and a layer of coal ashes was placed around the frame on the outsides, 3 inches deep, and of a width of 2 feet ; the latter to form a walk, and to aid in keeping out severe frosts. The sashes of such a frame are better if they are hinged at the back. Sufficient compost suited to the needs of the different plants is then prepared so as to give an average depth of 13 inches. This may consist of two parts turfy peat, two parts leaf mould, aud one part sphagnum moss, with about one-sixth part of silver-sand. The peat to be cut to pieces roughly with a spade, all the fibre being retained; then the longer roots in the peat and the sphagnum moss should be roughly chopped up with a bill-hook, and the whole of the materials mixed well together aud made into a bed, treading all firmly. It is in planting the roots that any difficulty will occur. Those species which have the most robust growth and tall flower spikes must be placed at the back' of the frame. The subsequent care necessary will consist during the growing season of watering each plant as may be necessary ; some, such as the Kam's-head Cypri- pediuni and the Coral-root, both from the Eastern States of America, will need careful treatment in regard to this, but the whole of the plants should be watered somewhat freely when growing, no harm following the practice if the drainage has been well done. During bright sunshine, in the forenoon of each day, and until the sun leaves the frame, some kind of partial shading will be requisite. It must not be forgotten, however, that terrestrial Orchids, hardy in this country, come from countries very dis- similar as regards conditions; thus, Cypripedium spectabile, and C. pubescens from the eastern United States perforce, will succeed well together, under the conditions here given, as also will Cymbidium pul- chellus, and our native Cypripedium calceolus. Though, therefore, I have unquestionable proof that Cypripedium spectabile, as before noted, will succeed admirably even on a cold northern site in our climate, and where a limited amount of sunshine reaches it. I know well that sunshine in proper season and in moderation is the life of plants. Hence, in that aspect, and if shading, be well attended to, the species named, and others, may be successfully grown and bloomed. The gentle heat engendered within the Fruit Register. BRABANT BELLEFLEUR. This is a most beautiful Apple in appearance, and a very desirable late kind, keeping well into May, without deteriorating to any great extent ; and it is of excellent quality, and only wants to be seen, and its all-round qualities known, to be more extensively grown than it is at the present time. As a pyramid, it is not at all suitable, but in any other form it suc- ceeds well, being a good cropper, and healthy grower, though not very strong. G. Woodward. Mrs. Pearson Grape. The white Grape next to Muscat of Alexandria in goodness, at this time of year, is undoubtedly Mrs. Pearson. Grown here in a house with Foster's Seedling. Mrs. Pince's Black Muscat, Gros Guil- laume, Trebbiana, and Muscat of Alexandria, and which were started about the middle of February last, we find that the flavour is indeed very little inferior to that of the Muscat of Alexandria. This Vine is grafted on Raisin de Calabre, and it is a good grower and a free setter. In my opinion, Mrs. Pearson is the very best late white Grape in cultiva- tion, and it should be grown in every place where white Grapes are required at a late part of the sea- son. H. W. Ward, Longford Castle. HENRY SHAW. The Board of Commissioners of St. Louis have forwarded to us a memorial statement referring to the services and munificence of the late Henry Shaw, from which we extract the following: — Henry Shaw, born in Sheffield, England, July 24, 1800, died at his residence, Tower Grove, August 25, 1889. He came to St. Louis in 1819, engaged actively in business for more than twenty years, amassed a large fortune during an active and honourable career, and retiring about the year 1840, devoted his time to travel, study, and other prepa- rations for the scientific pursuits and public work which he subsequently undertook. Returning to St. Louis in the year 1848, he commenced the execution of his matured purpose — the establishment of a botanical garden for the adornment of the city of his home, the enjoyment of its citizens, the cultiva- tion of taste, and the advancement of science. He erected his country residence within the garden grounds, and personally attended to all steps neces- sary in the development of his noble design. In a few years the garden grew into order and beauty, and finally matured into one of the most complete institutions of the kind in the New or Old World. He found his pleasure in this pure and elevating task|; but the ulterior design, steadily adhered to, was the benefit of all classes of society, and the creation for the use of the'present and future generations of an institution directly ministering to the growth of the city, and in aid of higher tastes and manners, and the spiritual elevation of society. In the year 18G8 he deeded, as a gift to the city, the land embraced in Tower Grove Park, the only conditions being that the city should provide means for the work of improvement, for the annual main- tenance of the same, and that a strip surrounding the park should be leased for villa residences, the revenues from which should go towards the support of the Botanical Gardens. The actual land so dedicated to public purposes was 276 acres ; and he designed the plan of the park, the work of improvement being carried out under his personal supervision— all these difficult and valuable services being rendered gratuitously to the public. He lived to see the park practically completed, and he also donated for its ornamentation the beautiful statues of Humboldt, Shakespeare and Columbus, and the six busts on the lawns surround- ing the Music Pavilion. His chief enjoyment was the park and garden, and the spectacle of the people of the city visiting the lovely scenes he had created was to him a bright and unfailing pleasure. In addition to these remarkable acts of philan- thropy and public spirit, he was the benefactor of various institutions of charity and learning, and an active patron of botanical science. Among his recent acts was the creation and endowment of a Chair of Botany in connection with Washington University, and the publication of the Botanical Papers of Dr. George Engelmann, edited by Pro- fessor Asa Gray, of Harvard, assisted by Professor William Tralease, of Washington University, and distributed to scientific bodies throughout the world by the Smithsonian Institution. By his last will and testament, the Missouri Bota- nical Gardens are placed upon a substantial and immutable basis. His whole estate, less only indi- vidual bequests, is created an endowment fund for their perpetual maintenance, and under the manage- ment of a Board of Trustees. REDLANDS. [See Supplementary Sheet.] In a former number we referred to the Orchids and Orchid culture carried on at Redlands, near Glasgow, and we have now the pleasure of describing in some measure the plants that come out so ad- mirably in the ink photograph which forms the special supplement to this issue. It may be stated that the house itself is 30 feet long by 20 feet wide, and 17 feet at the apex. It is span-roofed, and was constructed and used as a vinery. The border for Vine roots was all inside, and when it was remodelled for plant growing pur- poses, the soil was not removed, consequently the ground area husbands an additional supply of moisture for evaporation purposes, and it plays very successfully into the hand of the culturist — much more so than the modern stoves with stone or con- creted or composition floorage, which pleases the eye far better evidently than it pleases the plants. The principal plants in the foreground comprise Anthuriuiu Warrocqueauum, with the pitchers of N. Hookeri, dangling as it were, as ornamental appendages between it and the eye line. Then immediately in front is the old but highly effective Alocasia metallica, with Lawrence's bearded Ladies Slipper (C. Lawrencianum), as it were, peeping out among its bronzy peltate leaves. Then to the left Phyllotainium Lindeni, with its cordate- sagittate leaves, beautiful in their variegation with the sprays of pinnated foliage of the admirable Weddell'sCocos as a setting, the whole confronted with a group of the variegated form of Panicum, than which there is not a more effective grass for decorative purposes after this kind. Passing over the lesser dignified fry, all of which however help to make a picture complete, let us pay a compliment to Mr. George Russell, the gardener to Mr. J. B. Mirrilees, for the admirable manner in which he cultivates the various beautiful examples ol Nepenthes. Not even in the Veitchian estab- lishment could this be excelled, and the admir- able way in which they have been arranged to form a feature for reproduction upon paper, adds to the value of the skilled gardener in his artistic arrangement. There is even a charm about the teak baskets hanging in mid air which give a homely character to the scene. Pitcher growers will not be slow in singling out tiie species. Hookerii comes singularly well cut, and sodoMasteisiinusX.which colours magnificently near the light. We ne v. r saw this form, for instance, with such a piece of russety colouring — far more pronounced, in fact, in that way than a Royal George Jaxi-arv 11, 1890.] TH E GA B'DE NE US' CHBO XI CL E. 47 Peach grown and finished on the open wall — as in the examples shown by Mr. Lindsay from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, at the Great I'lum CoDgress ; and on inquiry we found it was due to close proximity to the glass covering, which by the way induces the pitchers to distend as well. Then X. sanguinea is also to the fore with several of intermedia, and peeping out among its fellows can be observed the handsome Veitchii. This always reminds us looking at the lid of a full trimmed fancy coat-collar. It is, as we have already described in the Northern Gardener, p. 78, " a pale green pitcher, somewhat emerald-like with a well- marked prominent fringe down the centre, the ex- panded portion showing two broad prominent wings, pinked out like the breast of a shirt, after the starch and smoothing-iron have done their work; with a tiny ovate lid." There is a large lot of plants in this bouse which fall behind those photographed — none more inte- resting] than the Kubiaceous Rudgea macrophylla, a fellow plant, so far as leaves go, to the magnificent Medinilla, only it yields great umbels of Stephanotis- Iike flowers, which, Mr. R'jssell tells us, sometimes bring as many as from 300 to -100 on one umbel- liferous head ! Little wonder that Professor Bower and his students, notwithstanding the many things to be seen in their own Botanic Gardens, make an occasional visit here. J. A. The Orchid Houses. The first three months of the year are, as I have found the best for the repotting and rebasketing of Orchids, so far as the general stock goes; but when speaking of repotting Orchids, it is not to be implied that every one of them is to be shifted as if they were zonal Pelargoniums. It should be under- stood rather that no Orchid should be disturbed unless there is evidence that it requires, or will soon require to be repotted or basketed. Soma growers repot cool Orchids at the end of the summer, but to the amateur in a small way, it is risky, as he can- not give his plants the needful extra care which their disturbed condition at that season demands, and any neglect in the matter of shading and watering, would cause them quickly to shrivel, and lose more in a week than can be made up in a year. I would advocate therefore, the commencement of the repotting in the early part of this month, clearing a space in the cool-house, where the work may be carried out, unless there is a shed adjoining, which does away with the necessity of taking the plants into the outer air. The Masdevallias should be attended to first, then the (Jdontoglossums, and afterwards the other cool- house plants ; and it is well in the case of old plants of Masdevallia, which have formed dense tufts, to break them up, and if stock is not required, to place the different pieces in the same pot or pan, leaving a space of one inch, or thereabouts, between them. I have noticed that Masdevallias, and, indeed, any other herbaceous perennials, indoors or out, which has a tufty habit of growth from the centre outwards, if left undivided too long, deterioratesfirst in the quality of the flowers, and then frequently dies at the centre, decay often carrying off" the entire plant. For the repotting a heap of sphagnum moss which has been picked over, and a separate heap of fibry peat broken up by the hands, should be kept on the bench ; the mixing of the proportions of each being done during the repotting, and not by mixing all the materials together beforehand. By keeping the materials separate, the sizes of the pieces of peat and their position in the pots and also that of the moss can be regulated at will. Duringthe operation of repotting every care should be taken that the plants are freed from insects and dirt; and it is well to have a pan of weak tobacco water, or properly- mixed Kir-tree-oil, at hand, in which to dip each plant alter it is sponged over, and before placing it in the fresh pot. In repotting those which do not require breaking up, as little disturbance of the roots as possible should take place, the old material being carefully removed, and as carefully replaced with fresh. Every damaged leaf should be removed by cutting it away just above the joint at which it would fall off naturally. As Masdevallias, and many other evergreen Orchids, bear their leaves for far too long a time when under cultivation, turning shabby instead of falling off, as they would when growing wild, these are the leaves, which should be removed from the plants. Orchids, after repotting, require muoh care in watering, so that while the materials are wet enough to preserve the plants, they are not so wet that they would be spoiled before the new roots take to them. James O'Brien. affording them liquid manure occasionally if the pots are full of roots. G. Wythcs, Syon House, Brentford. Plants and Their Culture. Stove Plants. — In continuing my notes on the inmates of the stove, my aim will be to relate as fully as the space at my disposal allows, the treat- ment which I have found to be the most successful in regard to them. It is frequently noticed in gar- dens that many plants are grown in temperatures quite unsuited to their needs, and in soils in which the roots can scarcely exist. It should be the study of every young cultivator to learn, so far as there may be necessity for his so doing, the natural habitats of each, and to adapt his practice in some measure to those conditions. [See our leader of this and last week. Ed.]. Some plants are kept in a growing state the year round, when rest would be beneficial to them. I have inculcated during the past year the cultivation of healthy. robust plants, and frequent propagation, as well as insisted on due attention being paid to small details of management for keeping large plantsjin vigour, such as frequent cleansing, good drain- age, and manuring when necessary, to encourage growth. Large plants often possess large quantities of roots, and the soil soon gets impoverished, need- ing supplies of manure in some form to get it to perform its work. The large plants at Sion are dressed with Clay's Fertiliser once or twice a month, and in the summer still more frequently ; and many of them have not been repotted for years, so that it would result in disaster if root-feeding were overlooked. The temperature of the stove should now be kept at its minimum, GO0 at night being sufficiently high, a rise of 10° during the day being permitted, and, in the event of severe frosts, a slightly lower tempera- ture will do less harm for a short time than the excessive driving of the lires. All hot-houses are the better for being covered on the lower part of the sashes and front lights, and if the whole roof could be covered it would be much better for the plants, as moisture would not condense on the glass, and the air would be moister, and less heat needed. The top ventilators should be opened a little when the weather permits this being done. Tabtri and Bulbs. — Plants at rest will require to be examined t" see that they are not suffering from over-dryness at the root. Gloxinias and other tubers should not be allowed to shrivel for want of water ; but they should be thoroughly watered and then replaced in their resting quarters. A few of the tubers which have started into growth should be placed on bottom heat near the light. Early in the month, seed may be 60wn to supply flowering plants after the old tubers are over. Amaryllis aulica if it has had a long rest in a cool house will now furnish bloom if placed in the stove, the plants being repotted when done blooming, and at that time the division of the bulbs may be under- taken. For potting soil, use loam with plenty of fibre in it. decayed cow dung, coarse sand, and adding a few lumps of charcoal. For large bulbs, 4-inch bones may be placed over the crocks, and a small quantity (if ben- dust added to the compost. Some of the hybrid varieties may be placed iu heat, those commencing to grow being first taken. We place our bulbs on a warm stage half plunged in coarse fibre, and close to the roof, and as the flowers open, the plants are removed to the drier and cooler part of the house. Bulbs which may be started at a later date may be placed in an intermediate house while in bloom. Calanthes, though classed as Orchids, may be grown in any hot house, and as soon as they go out of bloom the pseudobulbs should be shaken out, and stored in pans in dry sand or cocoa fibre, placing them as deeply as they were in the pots when growing, keeping them in the same tempera- ture, and affording them a long rest-period. By this treatment, the young tender roots will be uninjured when [lotted up, and if the latter be carefully done, I find this plan a better one than dividing arid shaking out the bulbs which have been rested in the pots. Eucharis amazonica, which may have been in bloom through the past month, should have encouragement to grow freely by keeping them near the light, and The Kitchen Garden. As soon as a change of weather takes places, and the ground is in suitable condition, a few rows of early Peas should be sown in some sheltered and dryish part of the garden, that which enjoys a southern aspect being the best. Of varieties to sow, Veitch's Extra Early, Sutton's Emerald Gem, and William the First, are excellent. Should mice be troublesome in the garden, first give the seeds a slight damping, and sprinkle red lead over them, it does no harm to vegetation, and it is seldom that mice attack them if the process of coating them with red lead is well done. At the same time a sowing either on turves or in 3-inch pots should be made, and placed in a newly started Peach house till the young plants break through the soil, when they should immediately be removed to a cold frame or pit where frost will not reach them, giving abundance of air at all favourable times so as to induce a sturdy growth. Any Peas sown in November, which may be peeping through the soil, should have a few crumbs of mould drawn up to them which will prevent damage by severe frost and wind, and as an extra precaution, a small quantity of leaf mould should be scattered among the plants. Put the stick to the rows early, and shelter the rows from wind with Spruce or Larch twigs, sticking these among the sticks. A sowing of Broad Beans may also be made, and for general use Early Mazagan and the Green Windsor are t»vo of the best for early use. A few rows at this early date will suffice, it being not advisable to sow Beans on a large scale till next month. French Beans. — As the days lengthen, these may be more successfully grown, and the best varieties to sow now are Ne Plus Ultra and Osborn Dwarf Forcing, and the first-named is a most productive cropper. If suitable pits are at command, Beans do well planted out singly at a foot apart, and they may also be sown in GO's, two or three seeds in each, and when 1 inches high, transplanted a trifle furtherapart, care being taken not to damage the roots when turning them out of the pots. A somewhat light fibrous loam, with a plentiful supply of rough, sweet leaf-mould, or spent Mushroom-bed manure, added, make a suitable compost in which to grow kidney Beans. Those who grow and fruit them in pots on shelves in vineries, &C, will experience more diffi- culty in keeping the plants free of insects than those who grow them in pits. Thrips and red- spider being the worst foes to the tender foliage, and are fostered by dryness at the roots, care must be aken to guard against this evil by copious waterings when the plants require water, and by over-head syringing morning and afternoon iu liriglit weather, or when much lire-heat is employed. Beans to be grown in pots may either be sown in small pots, and transplanted, or they may be sown in bearing pots, these being three-quarters filled with the compost, pressed moderately firm before Bowing. Pots should be thoroughly clean and well drained. A temperature of 55° to 60°, with a rise of 10° by day, with sun-heat, should be maintained. As/iiirui/us /Wis should be taken in in numbers suffi- cient to meet the demand, placing them closely together on a properlv prepared hotbed, with a bottom-heat of 80° to 85°, and top-heat from 55° to G0°. Asparagus thus treated will have shoots lit for cutting in three weeks from time of putting the roots into the bed. Sealcale will now force with ease, and when lifting the roots, all the strong thongs not wanted on the plants should be secured and tied up iu bundles, for planting at the proper season. The thickest of these, if planted on well-prepared land, will make fine heads for forcing after one season. When preparing the pieces, which should be G inches long, care should be taken that the right or upper end is kept upward, and this is best done by cutting the tops straight across, and the bottom in a slanting direction. If not already done, place some Bets of the earliest Potatos in boxes to sprout for frame and pot work. Place the boxes, which should be shallow, in a Peach- house or vinery for the present, giving the tubers a slight wetting occasionally. Lift and put in heat roots of Sorrell, Mint, Tarragon, according to the requirements; shallow boxes are preferable to pots. Onions may be sown thickly in boxes for salading. //. Markham, Mermoorth Castle, Maidstone. 48 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 11, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loal events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or ilauinjS, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pt.ges, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, #j., are a!so solicited. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and pla?its for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munication! should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETINGS. i Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, ('Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Insti- at " Simpson's," at 8ALES. MONDAY, fRoses, Fruit Trees, Border Plants, | Dutch Bulbs, &c, at Stevens' WEDNESDAY, Ji_\. l.V Rooms. j Japanese and other Lilies at Pro- " theroe & Morris' Rooms, Orchids in Flower and Bud. Arau- caria excelsa. Lilium auratum, and other Lilies from Japan, at THURSDAY, Jax ;. lo-j 1 Roses, Fruit Trees, Border Plants. Jax. 18-' Dutch Bulbs, &c„ at Stevens' ( Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-36°.7. [In continuation of his remarks in The Gardeners' , , -\r tx t Problem. our last lssue> Mr. Dyeh proceeds to discuss the question as to the extent to which the gardener may be guided in his practice by a knowledge of plant-structure, and of the conditions under which plants grow in Nature.] Neither geographical distribution nor the study of natural physical conditions appear to me to be infallible guides, when we have to begin by widely departing from them. I do not say that when information about them is procur- able, it should not be considered ; but taken by itself, it will not ordinarily lead to success in the gardening art. We grow Pleiones pretty successfully at Kew ; yet we have Sir Joseph Hooker's testimony to the fact that our treat- ment is widely different from anything that the plants receive in the Himalayas. I shall no doubt be told that such facts as I have stated prove only " that the plants in question possess greater power of adaptation than was before suspected." I believe this idea of the elasticity of plant cjnstitution obscures the real facts of the case. That adaptation goes on in Nature I do not for a moment doubt ; but I be- lieve it to be a comparatively slow process of the results of which in a given time we see but little. The real fact is that the plant as it occurs in Nature tells us but little of its innate capabilities. These it may unaided never be able to take advantage of, and they can only be revealed by experiment. The constitution of the indivi- dual species, I am disposed to consider, sin- gularly inelastic, and bounded by limits which are not readily broken down when reached. But it is evident that in a state of Nature they are very frequently not reached. The struggle for existence may have driven a plant into a position where it is little able to do itself justice ; it is not till it comes into the hands of the gardener that it will get a chance. Plumbago capensis will grow equally well in the stove, the green- house, and, in Cornwall, in the open air ; it does not get drawn by the one extreme of tem- perature, or checked by the other. Trachelosper- mum jasminoides is another well-known instance; Mr. Joad even grew it in the open air in the neighbourhood of London. It is not in these oases, to my mind, a question of adaptation, but of insensibility within wide limits to a range of temperature. An Englishman does not adapt himself to the climate of India, but he can tolerate it. On the other hand, if we try to grow a Kentia a few degrees below the tempera- ture it likes, we signally fail, because the con- stitutional limit in this case is comparatively narrow. If we trusted to natural indications, we might conclude that species of very restricted distribution would be exceptionally difficult to cultivate, yet experience rather proves the re- verse. Two of the most local of known plants are Wulfenia carinthiaca and Ramondia pyre- naica, yet neither proves difficult of cultivation. If I remember rightly, the Chilian Galinsoga parviiiora, so abundantly naturalised about Kew, is in its native locality a comparatively rare plant. Who again could predict, from the range in Europe of Saxifraga umbrosa, that it would become the London Pride of the back courts of the metropolis. There is, however, one important piece of infor- mation which we can draw from Nature, and that is the period and conditions necessary for " rest." This is, after all, rather a negative than a posi- tive fact. Rest is not growth or cultivation, but the abeyance of both. It is the hint to the gar- dener to stay his hand. But even here Nature has to be regarded sometimes with a spirit of incredulity. I used to wonder why there was such a prodigious quantity of the stems of that curious little Tree Fern, Brainea, in our museums. I found that, as long as we imitated the conditions under which it occurred on the sun-dried hills of Hong Kong, there was never any dearth of specimens for anatomical purposes. Now that we treat it in a perfectly unorthodox manner, we require the stems to carry their living fronds. As John Smith has stated in the place I have already quoted from: "The health of a general collection of tropical plants grown in a hothouse, will not allow us to put them under the influence of their natural dry season. The deviation from Nature has to be accepted." But we are recommended to look for illumina- tion to anatomical and structural characters. To say nothing of the fact that life is short, and that we want to grow our plants without waiting for the results of their post mortem examination, I am more than doubtful that if we did, we should be much the wiser. In the discussion on Pro- fessor Foster's paper on Irises, a very com- petent authority, pointed out that " the circum- stance that the common German Iris thrives so well in London gardens was readily explained by the direction and peculiar structure of its leaves." This is all very well, but as a matter of fact, these characters are shared by a large number of other species of Iris, and these do not thrive at all in London gardens, or for that matter, as regards some of them, in any. The fact is, that these anatomical and struc- tural peculiarities of plants are for the most part what are called " adaptive." They have relation to the needs of the plant in Nature in the '• struggle for existence." In cultivation this struggle is in abeyance altogether. The condi- tions of existence are for the most part entirely altered, and structure and anatomy are no longer closely adjusted to them. A knowledge of the one by no means leads necessarily to an elucida- tion of the other. Nor are the relations of structure to function and to external conditions always a safe guide. One illustration must suffice. "When describing the Bornean Rhododendrons, Dr. Lindley remarked: — -"It has been suggested to me that these fine plants will not prove cultivable because they are epiphytes. I cannot concur in this opinion. . . . Bi.ume tells us that the Java species are mostly ' parasitical on trees,' that is to say, epiphytes; and yet the Rhododendron javanicum is as manageable as Rhododendron arboreum. The probability is that they do not require to be treated as epiphytes, and that, like Orchids, they will grow better if oommitted judiciously to the earth." Here we find the skilled gardener deliberately setting aside the relations of structure to external conditions as soon as he had got hold of them. The fact is, that in dealing with plants under artificial conditions we have to go deeper — far, in fact, behind the superficial facts of structure. We come down, to use Professor Foster's words, to those things in the plant which are undreamt of in the latest philosophy of our newest botany. We come down to those inherent and inherited properties of the protoplasm of the species of which the outward structure is only the envelope. Upon the possibilities and limitations of this inner constitution the gardener plays, as Nature has played ; and the experience of each does not, in my judgment, much help the other. There are limitations of temperature, of light, of nutrition, of rest. As long as the gardener con- forms to and does not transcend these he may do what he pleases, and it is perfectly immaterial whether Nature has given the sanction of her example beforehand. But in this matter the microscope will not help us. Optically, the pro- toplasm of a plant which requires stove treat- ment does not differ from that of an alpine. But the difference is there, though it does not, and probably never will, reveal itself to the eye. Cultural experiment is the only means by which, as far as I can see, it can be explored. We have struggled at Kew, as many Orchid growers have done before us, with Orammatophvlluin. A happy inspiration led Messrs. Backhouse to try it in a Cattleya-house, where it rewarded them by growing " like a weed." Where was the hint from Nature for such a treatment? No doubt I shall be told that it is a very de- plorable thing that the Director of Kew should set himself to run down botany. I do not, how- ever, really do anything of the kind. I only rescue botany, aud in some degree myself, from a false position. I say that the data of botany afford, at best, a very insecure guide to horticul- tural practice. The fact is well known, and pro- fessed botanists gain nothing by shirking its re- cognition. Is botanical study on that account to be excluded from horticulture ? By no means. The truly successful gardener is a man of observation essentially. If his prac- tice is empirical, he is guided at every point by whathesees,and by his reflections on what he sees. He must know, then, the meaning of what he is o Q 0 W p2 H > Sosarians Year-Book. Edited by the Rev. 11. II. D'Ombbain. (London: Ubmrosb & Sons, 23, Old Bailey). The Garden Oracle. By Shirley Bibbbbd. (London: Oardeners' Magazine Office, I, Ave Maria Lane, E.C.)— The Culture of Vegetable! and Flowers. By Sutton & Sons. Fourth Edition. (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., Limited.) Notices of Books. Profitable Fruit Growing, by J. Wright. (London : E, II. May, 171, Fleet Street). This is the essay which was premiated recently by the Fruiterers' Company, and its sensible prac- tical character justifies the award. It is free from exaggerations as to the profit to be derived from fruit culture, at the same time it is not too discou- raging to those who embark in the business judi- ciously, and with knowledge of what they are about. Fruit growing is, however, not so profitable as might be imagined from the prices, &c, quoted at the commencement of each chapter. Taking, for instance, Strawberry growing : in very favourable positions, a fairly high profit may occasionally be realised ; but then there are so many things which lead to failu:e, that this is but a very speculative work. A very wet season spoils a great part of the fruit, or the bloom may get frost-bitten by late frosts; and during a hot, dry season the plants not unfre- quently receive such a check that the following year they fail to bloom at all. Again, with Apples, which take several years to grow to fiue trees that will produce a reasonable return, there are the usual late spring frosts, aud the caterpillars, which not un- frequently cripple the trees for a couple of years ; or the summer may prove a wet, sunless one, and, as a consequence, the wood does not ripen, and fails to produce flowers for the following year ; then there are storms, which may blow the greater part of the most promising fruit off early in the autumn, and this must be got rid of at any price. It will be seen, therefore, that the fruit growers have much that is unforeseen to contend with. In parts of Kent, fruit plantations consist of all the kinds of fruits worth growing, and are often the property of, or are farmed by, noblemen and others who have capital, and who can face these failures with comparative equanimity ; but those having only fruit, and who are heavily rented and burdened with tithes, no matter of what size their planta- tions may be, seldom attain independence ; whilst, on the other hand, dozens become bankrupt. Judg- ing from the accounts of fruit-farming we some- times read in the newspapers, written, as these are in some cases, by those who have been getting a livelihood by it, it should be a profitable occupation ; but is it so in reality? It is not a hard matter to make favourable deductions from exceptionally good seasons, but the real proof is in the average for a series of years. It is no uncommon thing to see in Kent much fruit of all kinds spoiled, the market price not being enough to pay for picking, to say nothing of freight and commission. Plantations in paddocks, hedgerows, StC, except of cider fruit, stewing Tears, or some kind of fruit of poor eating quality— would be subject to constant depredation, unless watched constantly. Marketing fruit is a matter well deserving atten- tion by all fruit growers. It is a fact that much fruit is sent to London of small size and inferior in quality, from old orchards; and when Blenheim Pippins fetch only Is. a bushel, it does not say much for the fruit, or the profits. As regards the cultivation and management of market fruits, the author's advice is plain and good, and growers of fruit, would do well to read, and take note of much that he has written. THE COMPASS PLANT. The ornamental value of Silphium lacinitum has, I think, been somewhat underrated ; indeed, when it is well grown it is a very striking plant, and dowering as it, does, far into the late autumn, it is the more valuable. For sometime back, its stately inflorescences have been conspicuous objects in the back line of a rather broad border of herbaceous plants, where they have obtained a height of about six feet, from which numerous racemose panicles of large, soft yellow flowers diverge. The ray florets are about two and a half inches long; but as the flowers are cup-shaped, they only measure three inches over as they grow. How- ever, it is quite a striking plant, when with over a dozen of these developed on a single inflorescence, dis- tributed over about half of its length, and clear above the radical leaves— which are about three feet high. The foliage itself is not without orna- mental value: the leaves have a stout clasping stalk, which carries a deeply laciniate blade— nearly a foot over. And they are otherwise interesting, as ac- cording to some authorities.it is owing to their peculiar behaviour that the popular name of Compass plant has been given. The late Dr. Asa Gray said they presented their faces uniformly north and south. However much this may hold good in their native habitat, I cannot say, but as observed in the garden, the most common plan is for the leaves to be at right angles to each other, with their edges perpendicular; this, 52 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 11, 1890. if taken together with the statement of others — that the flowers open to the east, then it would, seeing that that point was determined, be a veritable compass-plant, comparable, by the leaves playing the part of the card, with the cardinal points on which the magnetic needle indicates. Be all that as it may, the plant will in all probability be more in request for decorative purposes than as an auxiliary scien- tific instrument. It is of easy culture, any good, rich garden soil will suit. It may easily be increased by division, but more rapidly by seeds, which may usually be ob- tained from William Thompson, of Ipswich. There are a few other species of Silphium, which might be grown where variety is desired, the best of which are, S. terebinthaceum, a somewhat similar plant to laciniatum, but with entire, deeply-toothed leaves, and smaller, darker-coloured flowers ; S. perfoliatum, and trifoliatum are two other distinct species, but inferior to laciniatum. F. R. Florists' Flowers. PINKS. It is to be hoped that the effort being made to secure an exhibition or two of Pinks during the coming summer will not altogether fail. A revival of the culture of this fragraut flower is needed for its own sake. Its congener, the Carnation, has far out- stripped it in the race of popularity, and that not because both are in flower at the same time, and therefore a surfeit of the scented Dianthus might be complained of, for the Pink blooms a month earlier ; it is a hardy plant, will succeed in ordinary cultiva- tion, and it is not usually grown in pots for exhibition purposes like the Carnation. It is customary to plant the florists' Pink out in prepared beds at the end of September or in October. A special compost is provided, the beds are raised above the ground level to throw off superabundant moisture ; and the leading shoots of the plants are pegged down so that they may not be blown about by the wind. It is of little use leaving the purchase of laced Pinks until they spring, unless they can be had well established in pots, because the lacing on the petal edges of flowers produced by spring, transplanted plants is generally imperfect. In a suitable locality, where there is a comparatively pure atmosphere, and on an open Bpot, a bed of Pinks can be made a source of great satisfaction to the cultivator. Time was when Pink shows were fairly numerous in the South of England, but now, unfortunately, there is not one. Thanks to Mr. James Thurston, of Cardiff, who has raised some very fine laced Pinks, I have a small collection, but I am wintering them in pots, in a raised frame, where there is a free circulation of air above and below. My soil is scarcely suitable for planting out in the open in autumn ; and London fogs work such havoc, especially when accom- panied by keen frost. My plants are well estab- lished in 48-sized pots ; and at the end of January they will go into 32-sized pots to flower. They appear to do well in a compost made up of fibry loam, well decomposed manure, leaf-mould, and some road grit. The month of January is perhaps the most trying for Pinks in pots, but I am hopeful they will pass through it unharmed. I am glad to find it is not the intention of the pro- moters of the proposed Pink exhibition to confine themselves to the florist's laced Pinks only. Not that it is difficult to procure a collection, but because there are among what may be termed the forcing, border, and cutting Pinks some very fine varieties of varying colours well worthy of cultivation. I may name a few of these, viz., Ascot, soft fleshy pink, and deep carmine centre ; the highly fragrant deep rose- coloured Anna Boleyn ; Derby Day, deep pink, laced with purple ; Lord Lyon, deep rosy-purple — one of the best ; Mary Auberton, rich ruby-red ; Mrs. Sinkins, white ; and its improved variety, Mrs. J. M. Welsh ; Snowdon and Queen Victoria, also fine white varieties ; and Rose Perfection, a charm- ing shade of light cerise. This by no means com- pletes the list, but it is a useful and obtainable selection. Once the plants are had, it is a compara- tively easy matter to propagate them by means of pipings or cuttings taken about the time of flower- ing, placed in pots of sandy soil, and rooted under bell-glasses in a gentle bottom-heat. R. D. New Chrysanthemum, Mrs. S. Coleman. My attention has been drawn to an article in the Gardeners' Chronicle of December 14, on Chrysan- themum sports, by E. Molyneux, in which he says that he " fears that ' Mrs. S. Coleman,' will prove less serviceable for exhibition than any of the type." Now in the interest of growers and exhi- bitors, I think the least I can do is to contradict that part of his statement, for I have been very suc- cessful in growing and exhibiting (his variety during the past season, and I think that I may be in a position to describe it better than one who has not grown it, or very probably not even seen a flower of it developed from the crown bud, which, as most exhibitors know, is the best in incurved varieties, and are almost the only ones shown at the north of England exhibitions, and in the southern parts of the country, I shall r.ot be wrong in saying that strap-shaped, and have none of the quill-form seen in early developed flowers, and which caused so much ill-feeling to be displayed by growers. E. M. seventy-five out of every hundred blooms staged are crown buds. The colour of Mrs. S. Coleman is a rich rosy bronze, with a beautiful deep yellow centre, a very full flower, and the form quite up to the standard of others of the Princess type. Apart from the description given by E. Molyneux, another authority, Mr. George Gordon, who mentions it in the Gardeners' Magazine of December 21, p. 813, may with safety be taken. In this note he wrote, "The flowers exhibited at Brighton were well shown. The Princess family is so well known amongst exhibitors, and the fact that Mrs. S. Coleman sported from the Princess of Wales is sufficient proof of its being worthy of recommendation. It is now being dis- tributed by Mr. Robert Owen, of Maidenhead. M. Russell. Chrysanthemum Etoile de Lyon. This must, I think, be reckoned as the finest novelty of the year, but still it has received much adverse criticism owing in a great measure to the many defective blooms which have been observed, and those almost white in colour, and which con- veyed no idea of the beauty of its true colour, lilac- rose, when the flower is in proper character. The reason why so many badly coloured and formed blooms have been seen this season is owing entirely to the fact that the flower-buds formed too early ; the buds really should not be " taken " earlier than the middle of August, then the florets aie broad and Continental Novelties. ARNEBIA curnuta. This is one of the floral novelties in course of dis- tribution by Mr. Ernst Benary, of Erfurt. It is an annual, obtained through Herr Max Leitchlin of Baden-Baden, the entire stock being in the hands of Mr. Benary. It is the first annual species of this genus. The plant attains to a height of 2 feet, is much branched, and furnished with linear oblong leaves. Its curious and beautiful flowers, expand daily in succession, and are produced on each branch. They are small, rich yellow, and marked with five large black spots, the latter turning on the second day to deep maroon. On the third day the colour vanishes, and becomes of a clear pure yellow. The plant blooms with unusual freedom all the summer. The flowers, when cut and placed in water, retain their freshness for ten days. The seeds should be sown in heat in February, and the plants planted out in the open ground at the end of April. It does best in an unmanured soil. R. D. [Arnebia cornuta was described many years ago by Ledebour. It has a curious geographical distribu- tion, being found not only in Siberia, but in South Eastern Russia, Algeria, and Tunis. It is like A. echioides, figured in our columns in 1879, vol. xii., p. 089, but in that species the spots only occupy the base of the petals. Ed.] THE AMATEUR'S " BEESTON " GREENHOUSE. The kind of greenhouse best suited to the wants of the amateur who keeps no gardener, is one that is reasonable as to cost, which shall not get easily out of repair, and which, while affording the needed pro- tection to the plant within it, is readily ventilated and warmed. These points seem to us to be met in Messrs. Foster & Pearson's greenhouse, and as the top-lights are made on the old-fashioned plan, and, therefore, removable at pleasure by taking out the pin that fixes them on the iron rafters. They may be entirely taken off the roof for the full expo- sure of the plants — or for repairing and painting— a great point with amateurs. The heating arrangements seen in the figure are those of a stove or forcing-house, and may be modi- fied to fit it for any other kind of culture. It will be noticed that the air is warmed — in the winter at least — by being brought in contact with the hot- water pipes before it reaches the plants. This also admits of modifications, and for a greenhouse the pipes, as seen in the figure, would be much too near to the plants to be good. The woodwork is of red deal, and it is thrice painted. The height to the apex is 8 feet 1 inch, of the side lights 2 feet to 2 feet 3 inches, according as the house is 10 feet or 12 feet wide. Home Correspondence. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— I have been pleased to read in the Gardeners' Chronicle and else- where during the last two years the numerous grumbles, some sensible, some foolish, about the Royal Horticultural Society, as I have regarded them as evidences of the returning (may I not say returned) vitality of our Society ; but hitherto I have refrained from answering any of them. Indeed now, I do not wish to notice grumbles, but only to set right a fact or two. A correspondent last week ma le several asser- tions in your columns, which, lu.ving been inserted by, and passed without any note or explanation from the Editor, readers may well be forgiven for supposing to bear his own imprimatur, and yet he cannot possibly be unaware that many of them are .* Jakuabt 11, 1890] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 53 absolutely groundless. Your correspondent asserts that " members of the committees of the Royal Horticultural Society have to submit to a tax," and the inference obviously is that this tax has been imposed by the present Council. The assertion is absolutely groundless. It is true that at one time, when the Society was, perhaps, at its lowest ebb, outsiders who did not even belong to it were asked to help on its committees, but I trust the day may never come back again when the Society will not contain within itself amply sufficient material for its own committees. Tour correspondent asserts, that " the right to nominate to vacancies " has been taken away from the committees ; whereas, only twelve lines above, he himself proves that such " right " never existed, as he says that such pseudo- nominations had to be submitted to the Council for approval, and were not always approved. Hence it follows, that in those days, as in these, the Council nominated ; but then, as now, were only too grateful to any committee or any individual who would " suggest " suitable names for the purpose. The more interest Fellows take — and "suggestion" means interest — the better the Council will be pleased. Next he asserts that the "special ticket to committeemen has been withdrawn." This is the exact opposite of fact. It has been retained. insertion to Mr. Wilk's letter, but we demur to his conclusion that we are editorially responsible for the opinions of any correspondent. The com- plaint as to the tax, is, we believe, based on the fact that, by a comparatively recent enactment, all members of the committees are now obliged to be Fellows of the Society. Now that the subscription rate is so low, we do not think that this is a grievance worth mentioning in the case of horticulturists proper, but there are many amateurs and gentlemen unconnected directly with horticulture, whose assistance was most valuable as referees on certain points. These gentlemen gave their services like the rest of us, but with absolute disinterestedness. To refuse to continue to such gentlemen the small compliment implied by giving the privileges of a Guinea Fellow during their period of office, was to our thinking discourteous and ill-judged. As to the nominations to the several committees, the old practice, if we can trust to our recollection of a quarter of a century, was that at one of the last meetings of the year, the Chairman of each com- mitte ! was instructed by the Council formally to ask the members present to suggest certain names to fill up the vacancies occurring by rotation or other- wise. These names were then submitted to the council. This practice we venture to think was a FlO. 10.— THE AMATKru- "bBKSTOn" QREBNHOUSE, -i i. P, .''2 I Next, " Admission to special exhibitions has been withdrawn." Again, the exact opposite of fact ; every committeeman has, as such (in addition to any tickets he may have a right to as a Fellow) a ticket presented to him admitting to all the Society's shows and exhibitions, in the Temple or elsewhere. As I am troubling you, I will venture a remark on almost the only real fact men- tioned by your correspondent. He says, " the luncheon has been withdrawn. " Quite true. Imme- diately on leaving South Kensington the Council dispensed with their own luncheon, and after a year's experience, finding that the attendance at Council meetings had not in consequence fallen off, they, a year later withdrew the " luncheons " from the committees also, thinking that if the Council can one day a fortnight go without luncheon for the sake of. horticulture, so also can the committees. Since we left South Kensington, not one farthing of the Society's money has been spent on feeding the Council, the Secretary, or the Treasurer, who give far more of their time to the Society than the Com- mittees do, and though no doubt it is pleasant to be lunched at a Society's expense, yet I do not believe that a single Fellow who has the Society's real welfare at heart, but will agree that it ia far better — far more dignified— for them to work for their Society for nothing than to lay themselves open to the possible reproach of cavillers that they only do it for the sake of a luncheon. W. WUka, Shirley Vkarage, Croydon. [We very willingly give good one, as the committees are more likely to know suitable persons than are the Council, while the compliment thus paid to the committee by the Council engendered good will and sympathy. The present council has throughout proved itself so desirous of meeting the views of the fellows, and has so very readily adopted suggestions that have been made, that we do not doubt that they will readily continue to give consideration to any sug- gestion for the good of the Society that is made, and so far from objecting to criticism, they will hail it as far more satisfactory than either in- difference or indiscriminate laudation. Ed.] While agreeing generally with what Mr. ('. Noble and Mr. K. Dean say respecting this body at p. 732, vol. vi., and p. 22, vol. vii., I should further like to ask the promoters of the Orchid Committee the reason why it was instituted and separated from the main body of the Floral Committee. I hope it will not be thought that I am asking the question in any captious spirit ; on the contrary, I have every desire to see the matter settled amicably, but should they fail to adduce suf- ficient reason for its existence, then I fear that the other members of the Floral Committee, as well as those of the general public interested in horticulture, would have little alternative but to accept Mr. C. Noble's dictum as to "cliqueism and exclusive dealing." However, now that the necessity for its existence has been challenged, I hope Jthey will be able to furnish a complete answer to the charge. Touching your suggestion, that they be considered as a section of the Floral Committee, that is exactly what has been done during the past year ; they have retained all their original rights of voting and acting with full powers on every matter brought before the Floral Committee proper, thus clearly showing that they considered themselves a superior sect, inasmuch as in effect sayiDg they were competent to deal with everything brought before the committee ; but the others, in fact the large majority, were only capable of dealing with some things. If they can put any other construc- tion on their actions, I should be glad to learn how. To argue that the other members were not well acquainted with Orchids would be no answer to the charge, for surely the most rabid orchidist would at least admit that members are average horticulturists, and fairly capable of forming a correct opinion on plants in general, and therefore, if with the able advocacy of the orchidic members — together with the evidence of the subject before them— they then failed to see sufficient merit in it to justify an award. I think the Fellows and the public will be pretty well satisfied that no award was necessary. By the way, it will be highly useful if some one would point out a few of the most striking imagined miscarriages of justice before the Orchid Committee was appointed, they would be useful for comparison with the doings of the latter body since it was instituted. Frank Ross. [The Orchid Committee, we have reason to believe, was instituted by the Council at the wish of several representative Orchid-growers and others, who deprecate the formation of another special society, which otherwise would almost certainly happen. By meeting after the Floral Committee and inviting any member of that body to sit on the Orchid Committee, the difficulty, if it is one, might readily be surmounted. Ed.] A CLASHING OF DATES.— I observe that the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society in November next is fixed for the 11th of that month. On that same date the Kingston Chrysanthemum show is announced to be held, and it is also the first of the National Chrysanthemum Society's four days' Centenary Celebration at the Royal Aquarium. I think the Royal Horticultural Society will be the greater sufferer from this unfortunate clashing of dates, and I trust the Council will see its way to making its meeting a weeK earlier. So many fix- tures by affiliated Societies are dependent upon that of the lioyal Aquarium Show of the National Chry- santhemum Society, that the latter, having made public announcement of its date, cannot now alter it. Chrysanthemum shows are now so numerous, and so many have to be crowded into the small space of a fortnight, that it is impossible but that some should clash with others, jf?. D. LARGE GOOSEBERRIES. -At a in. '.ting of the Birmingham Gardeners' Association held on Decem- ber 10, Mr. J. Pope in a paper on " The Big Goose- berry," mentioned some leading Lancashire prize varieties, and the excellent qualities of many of them, and pleaded for the Gooseberry being recog- nised more than it is as a dessert fruit. The variety, Bobby, was alluded to as being the heaviest berry exhibited throughout England this year, the weight being 29 dwts. ; but larger berries of other sorts have been exhibited, notably, London, exhibited in 1852, which was of the extraordinary weight of '37 dwts. 7 grains. W. D. TUBEROSES FLOWERING A SECOND TIME.— Your correspondent, "A. 1'.," will scarcely find that the attempt to flower these bulbs a second time a success in this country, when we consider that we are not able to flower more that 75 per cent, of the average samples sent to this country. Could we induce bulb growth, then the chances would favour the attempt, but this, according to my experience, is exactly what we cannot do, and as the same bulb flowers but once, new bulbs being formed on the top of the old one annually, we are at a loss to know how to proceed. The bulbs, which usually form after the flowering is complete, are small, and flattened out, and bear some resemblance to the corms of Gladiolus The Bride, and quite different to the elongated bulbs with which we are familiar. We have nothing more thoroughly hardy than these, for I have known offsets to endure 22° of frost with impunity, fully exposed on the top of a rubbish-heap, and into which they had rooted freely. Some eight years since I planted a batch of these for trial, mainly offsets of large size, selecting a warm 54 THE GA 11 I)E NE li S" CHI! 0 XI CL E. [Jan-oaby 11, 1890. border against a south-west wall, but they never made their appearance above ground, and the bed, alter waiting several months, was planted with other thiDgs. What we lack is what the Tuberose appears to enjoy — a hot summer. The importations of these now reaching this country are of better quality than those of the corresponding season last year. •/. FIELD MICE AND BULBS.— One of our borders Bkiits the edge of a wood, and is much exposed to the depredations of field mice, which come up from the damp cold meadows in winter to the sheltered woody valley which bounds our garden. The yellow Crocus bulbs are especial tit-bits for their winter menus, and these they mine for on a very extensive scale. On this border we have had to replace two thousand bulbs t;i make good a year's depredations. You may see neat round holes all along the bulb lines where the mice have sunk their shafts, and from these they carry galleries below in true mining fashion. In tidying the wood-walks yesterday, my men noticed around hole, tunnel-like, at the root of a large Sycamore tree, where the roots forked, and here was a field-mouse's nest, which proved to be packed full of fresh Crocus bulbs from our autumn plantings. No doubt there are many such hoards in the wood, containing many hundreds of bulbs, if we could only find them. Gilbert White observed that his newly discovered field-mouse — Mus minimus — built its summer nest of grass or Wheat stalks, and in winter changed its quarters, and burrowed deep down in the soil. We have this mouse here, and it stocks these holes with our garden bulbs for use during the period of hybernation. This throws light also upon a subject that has often puzzled me — the distribution of bulbous plants over wide areas. There are places in our wood and meadows where flowers suddenly appear where we never planted them, such as Crocuses, Snowdrops, and Daffodils, and they are not likely to have come from seeds. The spread of Daffodils over a whole meadow is also frequently noted, and this cannot be wholly accounted for by seeding. I have come to the conclusion that a good deal of this transportation of bulbs is the work of the mice, rats, and moles — for their winter stores. We are constantly at war with these interesting thieves, and find the water-trap, with a revolving wheel, the most effectual. We frequently find three or four mice in one trap set over night. Spring traps are not desirable, as they catch the birds as well as mice. W. Brockbank, BrocJehurst, Didsbun/, Jan. 4. GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— It is generally understood when a man holds ideas that do not in any way coincide with the views held by the great mass of his fellows, that he must be insane, or at least that he has a mental warp ; under such con- ditions, I fear that I must be classed with the insane. I have lately received the second annual report of this Fund, and 1 must say it fills me with astonishment to think, that having in so short a time since its foundation been able to invest £2.325 19s. 10d., the managers of the Fund have displayed such unbounded prudence that they have made allowances to orphans during the year past of £139 15,s. Now what 1 want to know is this — have the managers of the Fund so little faith in the nature of the work they have in hand, that they cannot give their contributors and friends credit for any determination to go on aiding the cause, and that they must, inconsequence, in vest nearly all their funds, whilst the poor unfortunate orphans, lor whom it has been subscribed, go minus. Surely no body of men can dream that the springs of charity and pity are going to dry up ; rather let us hope they will increase, as surely they will in proportion to the amount of good that is being done ; but let it only be understood that the end in view is to raise an endowed fund, and you may say good-bye to anything approaching the same devotion which has already produced such grand results, and though in the mean- time I be classed with the insane, it will surely not be long before positions will be changed. G. PLANTING PERENNIALS IN A BORDER.— I am much indebted to those correspondents who have re- plied to my inquiries on the above subject in your columns, and have found many hints of importance which my friend may be induced to put into practice. The remarks by "J.," p. GS5, December 14, are in regard to some of them beside the mark, for he says that he would discard the border; now it was about the planting of a border that advice was needed. I do not say that beds on turf or gravel would not be effective, in fact, they would, but to be so they must partake of the nature of a border as far as regarded their contents, if not in their form. If a bed of perennials is to be always gay during the flowering season, it must contain a mixture of plants, or it would at some season or other afford nothing to look at but fading foliage and seed- vessels. Certainly, when a bed is required to be at its best at any given time, it must be chiefly filled with those plants which (lower at that season, and to plant many other things would be needless. This is a rule not often followed even in those places where the residents come and go at stated periods, the garden being as good as shut up at others. I think the whole force of a garden should be concentrated on that season, when it is enjoyed by the proprietor and his family and visitors. It is in this respect that the list of plants supplied by your able corre- spondents and their flowering time comes in so very usefully. My diamond, circular, oval, and other shaped plots do not meet with a kindly reception, but I would ask my critics how long would any one of these figures preserve its exact shape after being planted with plants having foliage the most diverse in shape, size, and mode of growth. Not one year, I think, as about all the outside lines of any figure a graceful irregularity would naturally arise. We must not look to the sky for cloud figures, these are far too irregular for our purpose, and as a garden itself is a work of the imagination as displayed in its arrangement, and should consist of well- balanced and ordered parts as a whole, so should the subordinate forms, such as beds and groups, tit into and contrast with each other in form and colour. A bed, like the example given, if planted as " J." intended it should be planted, ought to have been 10 yards long by 4 yards wide, and not 10 feet by 4 feet ; the first containing an area of 360 square feet, a respectable amount of space, as against the given example of 40 square feet, which is far too small for anything but a bed of Alternanthera, or the like. A. Y. E. THE WEATHER OF 1889.— I venture to send you a summary of the weather during the past year, taken in a very matter of fact, and not at all in a scientific way, which shows forcibly the peculiarly mixed condition of the weather assumed during the year. Very marked indeed is the fact that no continuity of character is shown for any considerable period ; the alternations being many and rapid, whilst there seems to be fairly general satisfaction with the weather. There can be no doubt but that the dull cold, which with intervals of rain or sunshine pre- vailed so considerably during the later part of the spring, and the cold fierce rainstorms of the end of August were serious drawbacks, and materially affected crops injuriously, both early and late. It is curious to find that of their seasons Good Fiiday and Christmas Day were of the finest and warmest, whilst neither of the Bank Holidays were half so pleasant, indeed the two summer Bank Holidays were wet and ungenial. The year was born in a cloudy white hoar frost, which endured several days, and as if with true phantasmagorial effects, expired in a cloudy- dense mist, fading away like a ghost in a melodrama, because enshrouded in vapour. January opened with hoar frost and fog which held till the 8th, when thaw set in, and on the 11th there was rain. The next day snow fell, then rain, and it became milder. The next day was dull, so was the 16th, the air getting softer, and then came a nice spring-like day. On the 20th, considerable rain fell, after a white frost, dull cold weather following. The weather alter- nated, fog, white frost, then after occasional showers up to the end of the month. February, open weather prevailed from the 1st, colder on the 4th with some snow, but milder next and follow- ing days with occasional cold changes and some rain. A sharp frost on the 9th and 10th, with snow on the latter 6 inches deep. Wind northerly and cold, very sharp frost on the mornings of the 12th and 13th, but thaw set in, and all snow had disappeared next day, weather becoming pleasant and mild. On the 16th was heavy rainfall, the ground now literally saturated with water. Then came a mild summer- like day, a wonderful contrast to what had just pre- viously prevailed. Open fairly mild weather con- tinued up to the 24th, when more snow fell, as also next day. Dull weather, with slight frost and falls of snow marked the days up to the 28th, when there was a sharp frost, as aiso on March 1, continuing up to ths 6th, with slight snowfalls. On the 7th heavy rain fell, the soil being once more in a very cold wet state, and unfit for seed sowing. On the 9th we had quite a lovely spring day, then the wind became colder, and some fog prevailed, with cold wind from the north-east up to the 14th, which proved to be a bright and pleasant day. This weather continued up to the 19th, when rain again fell heavily. Then followed a fine day, then a wild, cold, wet one. Next, a fine bright day, the weather keeping dry and moderately cool up to the 28th, when we had a sharp white frost; the weather kept open till the 31st. April, as becomes its traditional reputation, opened showery, but mild, then dryer up to the 4th, when it became wild and stormy. The 5th was a fine open day, but the 6th was one of rain storms. Then fol- lowed dry east wind and pleasanter weather up to and on the 8th, when followed next day a wretchedly wet morning, the rest of the day being dull. Rain and cloudy dullness pre- vailed also the next day, the soil being in a deplorably sodden state. The 11th was cold and gloomy, remaining dull and dripping up to the 15th, when it became much colder, wind veering to N.E. This continued up to the 18th, next day (Good Friday), was a delightful one, the temperature being almost hot ; then it remained open and fairly pleasant with some small showers up to the 24th, colder winds and heavy rains to the 26th, which opened fine, but showers fell towards night. This kind of weather con- tinued up to the 30th, when a very heavy thunder- storm broke in the afternoon, with drenching rain ; warmer but wet the following day, and on the 4th of May the weather was fine and warm ; this pleasing change continued up to the 11th with slight showers, but on that day it became dull and cloudy, and cooler for a day or two, then became fine, warm, and summer- like up to the 19th, when the temperature fell and rain followed. Then came some charming weather up to the 26th, when the sky became clouded, wind easterly, and heavy rain fell at night, continued till midday the next day, so that the soil was once more in a saturated state. Kain with alternating sunshine marked the rest of the month. June opened warm and sunny, a hot parching wind from the south-west on the 3rd, warm and pleasant next day; then another turn of parching wind, on the 5th, but from the east, raising dense clouds of dust. Hot again next day, followed at night by a tremen- dous thunderstorm, also more thunder and rain on the next day. Then the wind veered east and the sky became dull, cloudy and the air cooler. Whit Sunday followed, a truly cold wet day, wind north- east, everybody holiday keeping quite miserable ! It became warmer, but still dull and damp; but the 13th was fine and pleasant, also next day. Heavy rain fell on the loth and night, but was fine next day. On the 17th and on to the 26th wind and dust prevailed, then it became much warmer, and grew hot up to July 2, when clouds intervened, becoming cooler. Up to the 5th the weather became quite summerish, and on the last date was once more hot and dusty, but grew cooler, with cloud and some gentle rain up to the 9th. On the next day it rained heavily the greater part of the day, but was fine in the evening. The 11th was a pleasant day, but on the 12th we had a tremendous downpour of rain ; also a heavy rainfall on the 14th, with some intervening sunshine. The next day we had delightful weather, which continued up to the 21st, when it became showery, and next day it rained nearly all the day. It kept colder and rainy up to the 27th, when it took a dry turn, and warm pleasant weather followed up to August 5, Bank Holiday, which, again, was very wet at times, and sadly interfered with outdoor pleasures ; the 6th also was showery, but nice weather prevailed up to the 11th, when heavy rain again fell at intervals, as also on the next day ; then canre some fine weather up to the 14th, when rain again fell heavily in the afternoon ; then it took a warm and pleasant turn up to the 20th, when it became mild and windy, literally blowing great guns, whilst the next day it rained heavily, with strong wind nearly all day — terrible flower-show weather, as also for the harvest. On the 22nd, the weather was cold and unsettled, then followed better weather, cool for the season, but fine up to the end of the month. September opened rather cooler and unsettled, rain and wind alternat- ing with sunshine till the 4th, when the weather again became pleasant. With slight alternations it kept fine and warm up to the 17th, when there was an unusually early sharp frost, doing exceeding harm to tender plants. A lesser frost followed next morning, then it became duller and cloudy, cold at night, also, til! the 24th, when we had a thoroughly wet day. Dryer weather succeeded up to October 3, when heavy rain again fell ; colder weather and heavy rains followed up to the 10th, when it was fairly fine, but next day heavy rain fell again ; yet on the 12th the weather was delightful, and so it continued up to the 16th, when it was a thoroughly wet afternoon ; then we had two fine days, followed by heavy rain and wind on the 19th and following day. Dull and Januarv 11, 180(1.1 THE GA It D E NE It S ' C Hit 0 XI C L E. 55 cold on the 22nd, very wet on the 23rd, and gloomy on the 24th. Then came a warm, sunny day, and was followed by one miserably wet on the 27th. Dull weather with some showers filled up the rest of the month. November started wet but became dryer, then rain fell heavily again on the 3rd, was dull on the 4th, and next morning there was a sharp white frost and then a fairly dry day. The 6th was a remarkably fine warm day, then a colder, duller day- followed, and on the 10th came a delightful day. The weather kept mild and open up to the 13th, when it became foggy for two days, and on the 15th the weather was again very pleasant : it was dull and cooler up to the 24th, when rain fell in the morning. Milder weather followed, but on the 25th it was wild and wet. Light frosts followed, increasing in intensity on December 1, and continuing up to the 5th, when it became gradually softer, and on the 7th there was snow, which laid until the 9th, when rain fell and the snow soon disappeared ; we had then two open days, but white frost came on the 12th and following day, with fogs at night. Then the weather became open on the 14th, and kept so up to the 22nd, when rain fell, and it was a wretched day ; a fine day followed. Then came a wet morning, but fine later. Next was Christmas Day, when we had a remarkably dry, bright, soft day, extremely pleasant for the time of year. Dull, somewhat misty weather prevailed on the following day ; but on the 2'Jth there was a sharp white hoarfrost with some fog, continued in a softer aspect up to the 31st, which was a densely foggy day, till about four o'clock, when the mist lifted, and a very bright, beautiful, but frosty night followed, leading to the new year, 1890, A. D., Bed/out. CATS IN THE HARDEN— I felt interested to read in your paper of December 21 the plan of employing a captive cat to scare birds in a garden. I tried the plan some three or four years ago in the garden of my cottage at Sidmouth, and I wish to point out to your readers that if tried with a full-grown cat, it is nearly sure to prove a failure. A strong cat took up its quarters in my garden just before Strawberries ripened, and made itself a " nest " in a corner under a thick hush. She was content to stay there, but I thought a clever scheme would be to chain her up to a dog-kennel in a more open part of the garden. She became furious, however, at the restraint, and seemed likely to go mad. It was a very dangerous process to take the collar off. She then went right away, but after three or four days came back, and occupied her old nest through the summer. Of course we fed her at the nest. It is probable that the plan might succeed if a young kitten were trained up to wear a collar and chain, but my trial showed me that no full-grown puss will stand it. F.S. HEAVY CLAY LANDS.- In reply to the query respi cting my remark, " It would not be discreet to use anything of a woody nature over drains in gardens " (p. 23). My thoughts were directed to fruit trees, which, I believe, are liable to have their roots attacked by fungi if they come in contact with material of this description. It is not an uncommon occurrence to find lines of pyramids and espaliers planted in gardens for the twofold purpose of utility and appearance, and in such cases some of the trees are almost of necessity in near proximity to drains. It may be argued — if it is conceded that the trees are subject to injury from the above cause — that the roots of trees of this character should be kept near to the surface of the soil, and consequently out of the reach of harm in this way. This, in many instances, would be the correct thing to do ; there are soils, however, although capable of improvement by the process of draining, in which trees may be allowed to root deeply, and yet grow well and produce good crops of fruit. In such cases it is advisable to let well alone, and I think discreet to guard against introducing any substance into the soil which would be in any way likely to engender fungi, or be in other respects obnoxious to roots. T/ios. Coomher. I do not quite agree with "T. Coomber's" remarks on p. 23, as regards the treatment of heavy clay land. The land here is very heavy, and my experience of trenching is to get it done as early as possible in the autumn, and I find that this soil, by giving it a good stir up, say about the middle of the month of February, is put into good working order by the March winds, and numbers of wood lice, slugs, &c, also weed seeds are destroyed. If I left my trenched ground as " T. C." says, it would bake on the surface. I maintain that clay soils should be kept stirred on the surface on every available opportunity to ensure good crops. With regard to Onions following Celery, my Onions came as the next crop to Celery, and I must say that I never had an evener lot of bulbs than those of last season. The sorts grown were Reading Improved and James' Long Keeping. W. L. A GOOD AUTUMNAL ROSE.— If I mistake not, my old friend Margottin, of Bourg La Reine, has given us in the new Rose (1888), Gloire de Margottin, one of the best autumnal blooms that we possess. Some years ago he told me that he should endeavour in hybridising to go back beyond General Jacqueminot, which has justly or unjustly been the parent of all our modern red Roses of the hybrid perpetual class, and that he should take that brilliant old semi- double Rose, Gloire de Rosamon, as the mother parent. We had a very brilliant but very thin Rose in Gloire de Bourg La Reine, and now in this we have an equally brilliant and rather fuller Rose, although not, I think, full enough ever to make it an exhibition Rose ; but I have found no Rose equal to it in any small collection for autumn. For winter blooming I have but two plants of it, and yet I have been enabled to get really good blooms from it several times during the late autumn months, and have this day, January 2, cut a really good flower, excellent in shape and bright in colour. The habit of the plant is straggling, so much so, that I think it not unlikely that it will make a good pillar Hose, if so, its value would be still further increased. Wild Roue. THE HABITATS OF PLANTS AND ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION. — The interesting note, p. 16, reminds me of my old friend Dr. de Vry, well known as a chemist, botanist, and in connection with quinine and the Cinchona plant, in answer to a remark that it was always well to give a plant as nearly as possible the conditions under which it grew in its own country, he said not always ; he had to cultivate the Cinchona in .la-. a. and having studied the plant in India or Cej Ion, I forget which, he found he could give all the conditions but one, this one being impossible. He found that an entirely different treatment was that which gave the most success. This gave me a good lesson, which I have acted on. There are now in different parts of the country scientific amateurs who by experience and careful observation find out for themselves how to make plants, new or little known to them, thrive best — surely they are not em- pirics I' I have just had to do a little "empiricism" with half-a-dozen plants of Shortia galacifolia, to find where they will grow strongest they have been put in six different situations ; I hope that they will grow in all, but do not know where they will thrive best. The Pyrola, Kpigaca repens and Galax aphylla give a guide as to their probable requirements. Japanese travellers have told me that Lilium aurattim is much finer in this country than they have ever si en it at home; and at the time of the Colonial Exhibition, a gentleman connected with the Cana- dian Commission, having on a visit to our Wisley garden, passed a clump of Sanguinaria canadensis in full flower, I said, do you not notice your fellow countryman? he answered, the flowers are so much larger than ours, that I did not recognise it. George F. Wilton. ROBERT FENN POTATO.— My good friend, Mr. Robert Fenn. formerly of Woodstock, and now of Milhampstead, has informed me that a very tine looking seedling 1'otato, shown at the Crystal Palace Chrysanthemum Exhibition by Mr. Howard, of Canterbury, received a certificate of merit, and was named as above, and yet no mention of it was made in the papers. I sympathise a good deal in my old friend's complaint, that if it be some hairy or other rebel Chrysanthemum, there is no end to the noise made about it; and yet a hairy Chrysanthemum, let enthusiasts say what they may about it, is but a useful flower spoilt. On the other hand, a really good Potato comes as a valuable addition to our food supply. Without doubt, there is not much money in Potatos, whilst there is a little in Chrysanthemums ; this is due chiefly to the burst of eloquent description which comes from the pens of press critics. Many of our press men have become Chrysanthemum "connoisseurs — and have few eyes for anything else, especially such inferior stuff as Potatos. Why don t gardening press men give a fair and full notice of all the subjects that are pre- sented to them, and not make so much profession of knowledge of specialties '( However, to return to Robert Fenn Potato, I hope Mr. Howard will send some of it to Chiawick for trial next Bummer. Whatever may be the upshot of Potato tiiuls, there, at least, it is certain that everything is done to give all the same chance, and the quality of any variety is fully tested. A. D. [Reporters cannot possibly notice all the subjects presented to them, and they may be excused at a so-called Chrysanthemum Show for confining their attention to Chrysanthe- mums. Ed.] CAMELLIA-BUDS DROPPING.- I should not have ventured to add anything to the above subject, it having been discussed by far abler men than myself (with apparently no nearer approach to the solution of the difficulty ). But with the remarks of Mr. Saun- ders (p. 732, vol. vi.) "that Camellias dropping their buds must necessarily be unhealthy,'' I must certainly disagree, as I herewith forward you ocular demon- stration to the contrary, if the dark green and glossy- foliage of the enclosed shoots of Camellias are cri- terions of health. That marked a is planted out, and drops its buds when they have attained the size of the one enclosed ; side by side of these are fim- briata alba, alba plena, imbricata. Countess of Ork- ney, healthy, flowering freely, and dropping no bud. The others, marked n and c are from plants in pots, which were stood out-of-doors during the summer, and removed into Peach-house in September, and have dropped their buds. Others in pots, not so healthy in appearance, have retained theirs, and are expanding, and all of these had clusters of buds which were thinned so as to leave the terminal one. With Mr. Saunders' concluding remarks, so far as soil and treatment, I agree. But what does he deem is a proper situation ? Would the back wall of an early vinery, started in February, be suitable ? For here we have the walls about 14 feet high, clothed with Camellias, healthy, and full of buds, which have been especially useful since October. Temperate, even conditions of climate are most suitable for the Camellia, but these mentioned above have expe- rienced the two extremes, the house being now thrown wide open during the day, and the only heat at night is that derived from the house next to it, by leaving the middle door open. As far as my experience goes, I believe that if once a Camellia is allowed to get dry after the buds are fully developed, dropping will surely follow, though it does not necessarily make the plant unhealthy. I believe the dense shade of the Vines overhead counteracts the effect of the high temperature. W. H. Step/tens. [Shade is beneficial, Camellias in their native country being found as underwood in forests. Ed.] WINTER MOTH AND LAMPS.— I should be glad to know how Mr. Beach (see p. 755, December 28) proposes to catch the female winter moth on the shades he advocates I would rather catch one female than twenty males. W. Borne. DOUBLE-FLOWERED LILACS.— Double-dowered Lilacs are not generally valued at their proper worth, or they would be more commonly planted. Double-dowered Syringas are not novelties, Syringa vulgaris, alba plena, and S. v. rubra plena, being long known in gardens, but they do not seem to have prospered. Recently, however, deserving new forms of Syringa have originated on the Continent, and have from time to time been introduced into this country. Probably few spring dowering shrubs give more gorgeous displays than the single varieties, and have such delightful fragrance ; but it is urged that their bloom is too transitory, but in double-dowered varieties this objection does not hold good, the blooms being more lasting. The double flowers are larger than the single ones, and give even greater profusion. Furthermore, the single-flowered varie- ties produce masses of seed, vessels, which im- poverish the plant when its energies should be em- ployed in perfecting shoots with strong flower buds. New varieties of double -flowered Lilac already intro- duced number about a dozen, and the following are offered by the trade at the price of from Is. Bd. to 2s. Od. each: Syringa vulgaris f. p. hyacinthidora; S. v. f. p. Lemoinei, pure white ; S. v. f. p. Mathieu de Dombasle reddish mauve ; S. v. f. p. renoncule, azure mauve; S. v. rubella plena; S. v. f. p. Michel Uuchner, pale lilac, with rose margins. The follow- ing, being of more recent introduction, are higher priced : S. v. f. p. Madame Jules Finger, sa'iny rose ; S. v. f. p. pyramidal, ccerulean rose ; S. v. f. p. Le (iaulois, dark peach ; S. v. f. p. President Gr6vy, violet crimson, grand variety ; S. v. f. p. M. Maxime Cornu, rosy lilac, hose-in-hose ; and S. v. f. p. Senateur Volland, rosy pink, buds. Fuchsia reel. William Earley. 56 THE GA 7? DENE B S' CHR 0 NI CL E. [Jancary 11, 1890. Societies. NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM. Jan. 8 and 9.— The mid-winter exhibition of this Society was held on Wednesday and Thursday last in the Royal Aquarium, Westminster. The general character of the exhibits was an advance on the quality of last year's mid-winter show, but in some few instances the blooms left much to be desired. For the prizes offered for a collection of cut Chry- santhemums (any varieties) in bunches, there were several lots shown. The 1st place being won by Mr. E. Owen, Floral Nurseries, Maidenhead, with brightly coloured flowers, of which the best were Sunbeam, Mrs. F.Thompson, Beauty of Castlewood, L. Canning, Golden Gem, Mrs. H. J." Jones, and Cythere. In the 2nd prize collection, which came from Mr. J. Kipling, gr. to Lord Lytton, Knebworth, there was a very pretty blending of the colours of the flowers of Krempfer, Etoile du Nord, Duchess of Edinburgh, M. Freeman, Ralph Brocklebank, Mrs. H. J. Jones, and Comte de Beauregard. Mr. G. Bolas, Hopton Hall Gardens, Wirksworth, was a good 3rd, with smaller flowers, having A. Chantrier, Souvenir de Haarlem, Ed. Audiguier, Peter the Great, and Princess Beatrice. The finest stand of twenty-four blooms, any varie- ties, was that of Mr. Brown, gr. to Mrs. Waterlow, Great Doods, Reigate, who had some really very pretty blooms, clear and fresh ; Mrs. J. H. Jones, C. Shannan, Cythere, Mont Blanc, Sceptre, Tou- lousaine, Boule d'Or, and Sarnia. Mr. W. Gilbert, gr. to B. Ee Neve Foster, Esq., Sennow Hall, Guist, Norfolk, was 2nd, showing Gloriosum and W. G. Drover in fine form. Mr. Kipling was 3rd with Princess of Teck, Progne, and Golden Gem as his best. The same exhibitor was leading in the class for twenty-four Japanese blooms, having in this stand what were, perhaps, the best lot of blooms in the show. They were of large size and fresh. Mr. H. Cannell, Gloriosum, Mr. Freeman, striatum, Carew Under- wood, and Val d'Andorre being conspicuous. A close 2nd was seen in Mr. Sullivan, gr. to D. B. Chap- man, Esq., Downshire House, Roehampton — a neat- looking, fresh lot. D. B. Chapman, gloriosum, Mrs. H. Cannell, L'or de Japon, and Stanstead White being among those shown. Mr. Brown had the best twelve varieties Japanese, in which Hamlet, C. Sharman, Sunflower, Belle Paule, and Meg Mer- riles were the best. Mr. Gil- bert, who was awarded the second place, also had fair quality blooms in La Boule d'Or, gloriosum, Madame Audiguier. &c. There was a considerable quantity of other plants and flowers shown. Cyclamen were very well shown by all exhibitors, Mr. Clarke, of Hounslow, receiving 1st, being followed by Mr. J. May, Twickenham ; and M. D. Phillips. Slough, all running closely. In the class from which nurserymen were excluded, the last-named exhibitor was placed 1st. Primulas were another feature, and Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, made a capital dis- play of well-grown and flowered plants. One named Progress, rich carmine, large single flower, is worthy of note ; White Perfection and Improved Emperor were also good. Messrs. Cannell oft'ered prizes for twelve plants of Primulas of their own raising ; Mr. T. Mursell, gr. to Mrs. Burton, Streatham, being 1st, with rather overgrown plants. Mr. Carter, gr. to Alderman Evans, Ewell Grove, Ewell, Surrey, had a nice lot of twelve plants, and took 1st in another class. Groups of miscellaneous plants were of no special merit, and in the competition a 2nd prize, only was awarded. Collections, not for competition, were sent by Mr. W. Holmes, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney ; Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E. ; and Mr. J. G. Drain, "Southgate, N. A meeting of the committee was held on Wednes- day, with Mr. R. Ballantine in the chair. There were but few subjects submitted, as was to be expected at this season of the year. Of new Chryasn- themums, the following varieties were shown : — Mrs. Waterer, a Japanese variety from America, ivory- white, with green centre — somewhat dull looking, rough, and late blooming; the committee desired to see this again earlier next season. This came from Mr. E. Becket, Aldenham House Gardens, Elstree. And Kioto, a bright golden incurved Japanese variety, much in the way of Mr. H. Cannell ; a late variety was shown, and which the committee also wished to see again. This is another American variety, and was shown by Mr. R. Owen. THE SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The ordinary monthly meeting of this Society was held on the 7th inst., in 5, St. Andrew Square, Edin- burgh, Professor Bayley Balfour, President, in the chair. A paper, by Mr. F. W. Moore, Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Dublin, on " Experi- ments with Manure in Orchid Culture," was read by Mr. D. P. Laird. In opening his paper, the writer alluded to the difficulties experienced in the cultiva- tion of individnal species in various families of plants. The great family of Orchids had its share of intractable species. In regard to Pleiones, with the culture of which the writer had formerly had some difficulty when using the generally prescribed compost for these Orchids, to which he added experi- mentally, dried cow-manure. The success was only partial, owing to the quickly decomposing nature of the material. Liquid manure was tried, and was found to be more effectual in improving the condition of his plants. A layer of rj-inch bones placed over the drainage gave good results, but did not realise the grower's ideal of perfection. In succeeding experiments with Pleiones, the bones were intermixed with the com- post and along with them a " pinch " of fish potash guano, which worked a great improvement on the plants, enlarging the leaves and the pseudobulbs greatly. A i2-inch pan of P. maculata so treated last year gave as many as 137 blooms. Calanthe masuca, Ccelogyne flaccida, Cypripedium barbatum, C. insigne, Dendrobium nobile, Dendrochilum fili- forme were all experimented upon with the fish phos- phate guano with excellent results in every case. The effect of the manure was most marked on the last-named plant, with which till using it the writer had but indifferent success. Specimens of the inflorescence of Dendrochilum Cobbianum, taken from two separate plants, one of which was treated with the fish potash and the other not so treated, were exhibited, that of the former measured nearly 12 inches in length, while the latter was barely 0 inches long. Other species experimented on with this manure were Luddemannia Pescatorei, An- guloa Ruckeri sanguinea, and others ; Cymbidium elegans ; Masdevallias, several species; Restrepia elegans, Houlettia Brockleburstiana, Pleurothallis velaticaulis, Dendrobiums, several species, and species of many other genera, selected with the view of testing the result of its application on many diverse forms. The conclusions arrived at by the writer were, that the manure was uniformly beneficial. The proportions used were not stated, but the quantity was always small. It was given in spring while potting or top-dressing the plants, and only once a year, and it had never been supplied in a liquid state. Exhibited on the table were some very superior specimens of Blenheim Pippin Apple, sent from Mr. Barron, Old Meldrum, Aberdeenshire. The fruits were the produce of a tree fifty years old, and were characterised by Mr. M. Dunn as the finest sample of the kind he had seen of Scotch growth for many years. They were awarded a Cultural Certificate. Flowers of Rhododendron prtecox were exhibited by Mr. Foote, Parson's Green. Mr. Rushton, gar- dener, Clerwood, Corstorphine, exhibited a very fine stand of Chrysanthemums of exhibition propor- tions and quality, which were awarded a Cultural Certificate. Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons exhibited a very superior bloom of Chrysanthemum Lady Lawrence, which was much admired. Variorum, Entelea arborescens, R. Brown. — This handsome plant forms a much- branched shrub or small tree, sometimes 25 feet high, with a trunk from 4 inches to 9 inches in diameter. The foliage and flowers are striking and attrac- tive, presenting an appearance widely different from that of any other native plant. The young shoots and leaves beneath are covered with a fine white down, the leaves being of a soft deep green above, and in outline bearing some resemblance to those of the black Mulberry : they are sometimes 9 inches in length, including the petiole, which varies from 1 inch to 3 inches, and are furnished at the base with a pair of narrow stipules. The blade is drooping, produced into a rounded lobe on each side of the base, and is narrowed into a long point at the apex. It varies from 2 inches to 6 inches in breadth, and the margin is cut into a vast number of small irregular blunt teeth, or crenatures. The flowers are developed in panicles or cymes, on very long stalks, springing from the axils of the upper- most leaves : the branches of the inflorescence, the pedicels, and the narrow bracteoles are white with fine down. The large flowers are snowy-white ; the petals present a wrinkled appearance, and the sta- mens are very numerous. The fruit is very singular, about three-quarters of an inch in diameter, and clothed with hard brittle spines, sometimes an inch long, so that it bears some resemblance to a small Spanish Chestnut. It is from five to seven-celled, each cell containing numerous seeds. T. Kirk, in "Forest Flora of New Zealand." ROSE STATISTICS. [In connection with the recent Rose Conference at Chiswick, a series of questions was put to Rose growers in different parts of the kingdom. The replies to these questions have, with great labour and zeal, been summarised by the energetic Secre- tary of the Royal Horticultural Society, and are published in the last number of the Journal. From that periodical we extract the following summary. Ed.] Best Twelve H.P.'s for Snow. — Although thorough-going rosarians will, as I remarked in a previous note, revel ia the returns, to a great many humbler Rose-lovers and Rose-growers they will prove somewhat hard reading, and for such as are content to extract the honey at second-hand, I have drawn up the following lists, resulting generally from the statistical returns : — The /lest Twelve H P.'t for Shew Blcoms. (79 I'oters.) Votes. A. K. Williams ... 71 La France 69 Marie Kallmann ... 65 Alfred Colomb ... 61 Charles Lefebvre ... (flfl Ulrich Iirunner ... ) ou Gabriel Luizet ... 55 Merve.lle de Lyon ... 48 Baroness Rothschild... 39 Etienne Levet ... 37 Louis van Houtte ... 36 Duke of Edinbumh ... 27 Marquise deCastellane 22 Captain Christy ... 21 Lady Mary Fit/wil- 1 liam -20 Mrs. John Laing ... 1 Hor.iee Vernet ... 19 Francois Michelou ... 18 Dupuy Jamain ... 15 Eugenie Verdier ... i II. r \l ijesty [-12 Marie Rady Heinrich Sehultheis Countess of Oxford Duchess of Bedford Prince Camille de B han Beauty of Waltham Le Havre Camille Bernardin Earl of Dufferin E. Y. Teas Maurice Bernardin 3. Abel Carriere 3. Dr. Audrv 3. Countess of Kosebery . 3. General Jacqueminot . 3. Mons. Noman 3. Mme. Victor Verdier . 3. Senateur Vaisse 0. Duchesse de Morny ... 0. Marguerite de St. Amand 0. Pride of Waltham ... 0. Prince Arthur 0. Victor Hugo 0. Victor Verdier 6. Annie Wood 6. Clara Cochet 6. Comte de Raimband... 6. Duchesse de Vallom- brosa 6. John Hopper 6. Magna Charta .;. Reynolds Hole ^ Violet t. Uouyer tj. Xavier tllibo 5. Elie Morel ' 5. Mme. Hippolyte Ja- 5. Eugene Fiirst 5. Mme. Eugene Ver- dier 5. Edouard Morren 5. Mons. Boncenne 5. Glory of Cheshunt ... 5. Duke of Teck 5. Dr. Sewell 55. Star of Waltham ... 55. Countess Camondo ... I 55. Princess Mary of Cam- bridge 55. Baronne Mayuanl ... 55. John Stuart Mill ..J From this list it will at once be noticed that in selecting the best twelve Roses, seventy-nine growers have named no fewer than sixty-eight varie- ties ; whilst at the same time the eleven best are very clearly notified, and Duke of Edinburgh makes a very fair fight for the remaining place in the best dozen. Newer sorts are manifestly at a disadvantage in such statistics as these, some growers possibly not having yet made trial of them ; and from this point of view it is probable that, if the selection were repeated in a year or two's time, Mrs. J. Laing, Earl of Dufferin, and perhaps Victor Hugo and Clara Cochet, would stand relatively higher than they do at present. The Next Best Twelve II. P. 's. Of these I have only given the names of those obtaining four or more votes, there being no less Januaby 11, 1890." THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE 57 than sixty-seven other varieties mentioned. Here it it is obvious that the higher ones in List I. will figure amongst the lower in List II., as they have already received almost as many votes as possible. List JI. The Kelt Best Twelve II.P.s for Show. (76 Voters.) Votes . Dr. Andry Eugenie Verd: . Marquise de Castetlane 27 31. . Francois Michelon ... 25 31. . Duke of Edinburgh ... 24 34. . Camille Bemardin ... (.03 34- . Dupuy Jamain ... ( 37. . Horace Vernet ... ^09 37. Countess of Oxford ... I ~ 37. . Louis van Houtte ...] 37. . Duke of Wellington... | . Marie Verdier ... [-30 37. . Marie Rady | . Baroness Rothschild... / . Captain Christy ... ) . Duchess of Bedford . Maurice Bemardin . Merveille de Lyon . Etienne Levet , Prince Arthur... . Mme. Victor Verd . Xavier Olibo ... . Reynolds Hole . Duchesse de Vallom . Chas. Lefebvre . E. Y. Teas ... . Beauty of Walth . Gabriel Lui/et . Hrideof Wallh.it . Star of Waltham ::.r ... 17 .v.. H.P.'t gearing Tutentj or t, This list practically gives beat twenty-four ] Charles Lefebvre... 60 + 15 = La Fr Senateur Vaisse Countess of Rosebery LadyMaryFitzwilliam Le Havre General Jacqueminot Ulrich Brunner Marie Baumann Mons. Noman... Heinrich Schultheis Marguerite de St. Amand Abel Carriere Fisher Holmes Victor Verdier Alfred Colomb Charles Darwin Prince Camille Mrs. J. Laing Duke of TVi k Violette Bouyer Alphonse Soupert Her Majesty La France Mdme. Eugene Verdici Comt« de Raimbati'l... Magna Charta Earl of Pembroke Victor Hugo Rosieriste Jacobs Mrs. Baker Duchess dfl Moray ... Sultan of Zaniibar „ chen List* I. and II. 1 Marie Ban 65+ '■'- . 71+ 2 = . 60+10 = ... 61+ 8 = ... 55+U = A. K. Williams Ulrich Brunner Alfred Colomb Gabriel Luizet Merveille de Lyon 48+18 = Baroness Roths- child 39+20 = Louis van Houtt. Etienne Levet ... 87+18 Duke of Edin- burgh 27+24 = de Cas- tellane 22 + 27 Francois Michelon 18+25 = Eugenie Verdier... 13+31 Horace Vernet ... 19+22 Captain Christy ... 21+19 e lata nbined. i opinion of the voters as to t \'s for show purposes. 1'upiiy .Jam.iin 1 Dr. Andry.., I.i.i v Mary Fit/- William 20+12 = Marie Rady ... 1-' 20 Countess of Oxford 9+22 = Camille Bernanln Duchess of Bed- ford Mrs. .7. Laing ... 20+ 7 = Maurice Duke of Welling- ton Marie Verdier Prinoe Arthur Madame V Verdier Beauty of Wat thnm tor 5+18 = 0+20= 3+17 = Twelve Most Useful II.P.s as Cit Flowbrs cob Dbcobation. In this list I have omitted all receiving less than six votes, as their name was verily legion. Twelve Moit Useful H.P Votes. La France 51 General Jacquem Duke of Edinburgh ... 9 Burliness Knth-. I, lid... 21 Fisher Holmes ... ) Gabriel Luizet I'lri.h Brunner lille :::r "* £20 Boule de Neige Captain Christy Dupuy Jamain Engine Verdier . A. K. Williams Heinrich Schulthe . Charles Lefebvre . Merveille de Lyon , Marie Baumann ... j" Marquise de Castellane . John Hopper 1 7iolei be Bouyar ... !■ . Loui* Van Houtte ... , •E(' ■j. (61 Voter*.) Votes. Alfred Colomb ... 12 Jules Margot tin ... 11 Duke of Wellington... I ]ft Duchess of Bedford ... ( Dr. Andry ) Prince Arthur ... ( „ Senateui Vaiiee ... f Duke of Connaught ...) (Moire Lyonnaise ... 8 Karl of Pembroke Countess of Oxford Maurice Bemardin .Manila t'hartii Duke of leek ... | Beauty of Waltham... Mme. Victor Verdier . I Abel Carriere / Camille de Bemardin. r Mrs. George Dickson . » Here it will be noticed how facile princeps among useful Roses stands La France, the only wonder being that it did not receive the full number of sixty-four possible votes. In my own opinion, for cut Hoses for house decoration La France is a perfect Saul, not only amongst II.P.s, but amongst all Roses — a head and shoulders above all its brethren — and only approached by such as the Common Pink China Monthly Rose, Mrs. Bosanquet, Gloire de Dijon, and, if it had but a little scent, Souvenir de la Malmaison. And I cannot but think, if a little more stress had been put upon the word " useful," that Captain Christy, Churles Lefebvre, Marie Bau- mann, Marquise de Castellane, Alfred Colomb, Duke of Wellington, and certainly Earl of Pembroke, would have taken higher place than they do. I have made no list of " Next Best H.P.'s for Cut Blooms," as there are comparatively few votes, and it would have had but slight influence (and that, perhaps, not quite a fair influence) in determining the position of the leading flowers, when combined with List IV. With the " Garden Roses " I have not dealt at all, as the ideas of the voters as to what is meant by a " Garden Rose " seems to have been so very various that hardly any individual varieties have received any great preponderance of votes. I fancy Mr. Gir- dlestone's paper, on p. ISM, will be of more use to the general reader than any list I could have com- piled from the statistics. 11'. Wilis, Sec. B.H.S. (To be continued.) Foreign Correspondence. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA. This plant is indigenous in the higher parts of Belgium, about Spa and Stavelot, where it flourishes and fruits abundantly, much better than when culti- vated in the low parts of the country. The best specimens are found on sunny slopes of schistaceous shingles. It is naturally perfectly hardy in such a very cold climate. In the lowlands we find it very useful for filling the not too dense first nine woods, where no other shrub would grow readily. There is a very similar species found in Yezo, North Japan, if not the same. J. v. Volxtm. The Weather. [Br the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a " Day-degroe " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] TEMPERATURE. Rainfall. Bright Sun. 1 ¥ ACCUMULATKP a s 1 '-A H i A 2 11 1 ► § T-s i -3 g 1 1 1 1 8 - ' J" a B & +2~~ S3 SI 1 ■e. r ■5 g~*_ 0. ^9- * 8 -■ i u 1 1 -, - S % I" u H <* n — H Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. deg. fnch. i a + 15 23 + 1 — 10 4 — 5 ip.:. « 8 2 i + 5 37 + 1 — 1 2 — .1 0.6 7 7 3 5 - 0 69 — 7 + 30 4 — 3 0.2 17 17 4 7 — 0 78 — 10 . U 3 — 3 0.2 21 21 6 7 — 0 78 - ia + 47 4 — 3 0.2 8 8 8 5 — 0 SO - 13 + 32 4 — 2 0.3 23 23 7 1 + 7 25 — a - 2 1 - 5 1.9 ? ? 8 3 — 1 39 - in + 1« 1 — 4 0.7 18 18 9 4 — 6 40 + i« + 30 5 - 3 0.6 21 21 10 1 + 11 20 - i 4- i Oav. 5 0.8 23 23 11 2 + 27 10 + 4 — 1 2 + 5 1.1 20 20 12 8 — 10 20 + 15 4 — 4 o.s ' ? the first column ar« Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. 6, Midland Counties ; 6. Eoglaod, 8. Principal Crazing 4'C-. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; R England, N.W. ; 9. England, S.W. ; lu, Ireland, N. 11. Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending January 4, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather has been cloudy or dull generally in all parts of the kingdom. Over the greater part of England much fog or mist has prevailed. In Ireland and Scotland rain has fallen at rather frequent intervals, but the amounts were in most cases slight. " The temperature has again been above the mean over Ireland and Scotland, but over England it has continued below ; in ' England, N.E.,' and ' Eng- land, S.,' a deficit of 5° is shown, while ia the ' Midland Counties ' and ' England, E.,' there has been a deficit of 7°. " The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on the 4th, varied from 40° in ' England, E.,' to 52° or 53° in most other districts. During the greater part of the period the daily maxima at many of the English stations were very little above the freezing point. At Bawtry, on the 3rd, the thermometer did not rise above 2(3. The lowest of the minima were registered during the earlier days of the week, and ranged from 18° in the ' Midland Counties,' and 19° in ' England, E.,' and to between 20° and 21° in the other English districts ; in Scotland, they varied from 22° to 25°, and over Ireland, from 27° to 29°. "The rainfall has been rather more than the mean in ' Ireland, S.,' and about equal to it in ' Ireland, N.,' but in all parts of Great Britain it has been less than the normal. " Bright sunshine has again been very little pre- valent, the percentage of the possible amount of duration having ranged from (i in ' Scotland, N.,' 7 in ' Scotland, E.,' and 8 in the ' Midland Counties,' to 23 in ' England, S.,' and ' Ireland, N.' " Markets. COl'ENT GARDEN, January 9. Business very dull, and prices of imported goods much lower. Grapes realising better values. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants in Pots.— Averask Wholesale nuns. I.d.t.d, Evergreens, in var., per dozen t 0-24 0 Aralia Sieboldi, dor.. 6 AapidHtria, do/. ...IS — sl>erimen plunls, ea.li 7 A/alms. various. eai b 2 Begonias, dozen ... 4 Christlll;i* tn-.'S. do/.. -1 — — extra si/.-, each ... 6 Chrysanl b . dozen ... 8 Cyclamen, dozen ...18 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena termiualis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz.12 Epijiliyllum, perdoz.12 Kuonymus, in var., per dozen ft Kri. lis, \ urious, doz. 8 15-10 6 6-3 6 0-12 0 0-21 0 0-21 0 0-15 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-80 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 var., per Ficus elastica. eaoh .16-70 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 2 0-10 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 9 o-la o Lily of the Valley, p. do/., pots 18 0-38 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 Roman Hyacinths, per dozen pots ... 9 0-12 0 Solanunis, per dozen 6 0-12 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 0-10 0 Cut Klowkks.— Avkrauk Wholesale Prices. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... Azaleas, doz, spraya Bouvardiaa, per bun. Oallaeothtopica,12bl. Camellias. wliite.. In/. — various, por doz. Carnations, 12 bhns. Chrysimlh., 12 bun. Chrysanth., 12 Wins. Cyclamens, 12 blms. Kuchnris, per dozen Oardeniaa, 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 epr. Lilnc. whit.- ,1>. .Lull. Lilium, vnr.. 12 1.1.... Lily of the Valley, do/.. s|.n Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun Mignonette, 12 bun. — French, per bun. Marguerites, 12 bun. t.d.s.d. 2 0-40 0 9-16 0 8-10 4 0-80 2 0-40 10-20 10-20 4 0-12 0 0 6-30 0 4-09 3 0-5 0 9 0-18.0 0 6-10 6 0-80 2 0-60 0 9-16 4 0-90 2 0-40 16-20 3 0-60 Efarotss., paper-white, E ranch, doz. bun. 4 — Eng., doz. sprays 1 Peliirgonpums, 12spr. 1 — scarlet, 12 spr.... 0 Primulas, double, 12 Roman Hyacinths, Eng., do/., sprays... (I Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 — French, dozen ... 1 — red, per dozen ... 2 — Sairano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 1 Stcphiinotis, 12 spr. 9 Tuberoses. 12 bimB.... 1 Tulips, doz. blooms... 1 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 — French, bunch ... 1 — Parma, bunch ... 4 9- 1 I 0- 8 I 0- 4 ( 0- 2 I 0- 3 ( 6- 2 I 0- 1 I 0-12 I 6- 2 I 0- 2 I 0- 2 I 6- 2 I Ohohzd-bloom Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. i . .( . f. d. Beans, French, lb. ... 0 9- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle ...16-20 Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- 1 6 Endive, per dozen ... 1 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Lettuces, per dozen... 1 6- ... Mustard and Crees, punnet 0 4- ... PotatOS : — Market fi: medium, 60s. to 70s. per ton. Mushrooms, punnet 1 < Onions, per bunch ... 0 i Parsley, per bunch... 0 t Rhubarb, per bundle 0 i Seakale, punnet ... 2 i Shallots, per lb. ... 0 < Spinach, per bushel... 5 ( Hprue, per bundle ... 1 t BrusselSprouts.prlb. 0 ! Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 ( TurnipB, per bunoh, 58 THE GAB DEN EBB' CHBONIGLE. [January 11, 1890. Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t. d. t. d. I •• d- , J-sieve ... 1 6- 7 0 [ Lemons, per case . ». d. Apples, i-sieve ... 1 6- 7 0 I Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 — Nova Scotia,brl,12 0-25 0 I Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16 Cobs, per 100 lb. ...140 0- ... I —St. Michael, each 2 0-60 Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- 4 0 | SEEDS. London : Jan. 8. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report to-day's market ill attended, with almost a complete absence of business. Cloverseed of all kinds is still neglected, the great majority of the home-grown samples showing are of poor quality. In Rye-grasses there are bnt few transactions passing. Blue Peas keep steady. Kape seed is scarce, and still tends upwards. For Mustard values are firm. Bird seeds continue remarkably cheap. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the prices of British corn, imperial measure (quarter) for the week ending January 4 :— Wheat, 30s. ; Barley, 30s. bd. ; Oats, 18s. 3d. " For the corresponding period last year :_ Wheat, 30s. id. ; Barley, 26s. 9d. ; Oats, 16s. 6«i. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : Jan. 8. — Quotations : Savoys, Is. Qid. to 3s. per tally ; Cabbages, Is. to 2s. do. ; Cauliflowers, 7s. to 12s. do. ; Sprouts, <3d. to Is. 3d. per half-sieve ; Turnip-tops, Is. to Is. 3d. per sack ; Greens, Is. 6d. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, 18s. to 28s. per ton ; Parsley, Is. 6d. to 2s. per dozen bunches ; Beetroots, 3d. to id. per dozen ; Parsnips, id. to Gd. per score ; Sea- kale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Endive, Is. to Is. 6d. per dozen ; Curley Kale, Is. per bushel ; Cabbage Lettuce, ls^ 6d. to 2s. per dozen ; Mustard and Cress, Is. to Is. 6d. per dozen baskets ; Celery, id. to Qd. per bundle; Horseradish, Is. to Is. id. do.; Spanish Onions, 6s. to 7s. per case ; English do., 8s. per cwt. ; Bordeaux do., 4s. 9d. to 5s. 3d,, per case ; Dutch do., 4s. 9d. to 5s. 3d. per bag of 110 lbs. ; Belgian do., 4s. 9d. to 5s. 3d. do. ; English Apples, os. 6d. to 6s. per bushel; American do., 13s. to 20s. per barrel. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : Jan. 7. — Quota- tions :— Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 45s. to 105s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 90s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Stratford : Jan. 8.— Quotations :— Regents, 60s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 60s. to 80s. ; Magnums, 55s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 55s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: Jan. 8. — Quotations : Early Rose, 40s. to 50s. ; Hebrons, 50s. to 65s. ; Imperators, 50s. to 60s. ; Regents, 50s. to 65s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 60s. per ton. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the preceding week: — Prime Clover, 'i 6s. to '.ISs. ; inferior, 46s. to 75s. ; Hay, best, 60s. to 92s. ; inferior, 26s. to 50s.; and Straw, 28s. to 40s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Cattleya citrina, Stanhopeas, &c. : J). C. D. Employ blocks for the first, and baskets for the others ; but if you have a great number of Cattleya citrina, these might be put thinly in baskets also. The interstices at the bottom should be numerous, and large enough to afford an easy egress for the flower-spikes. Correction : Cattleya gigas Randeriana. — I find that seven flowers is the most we have had on a spike of Cattleya gigas Randeriana, and not eight, as stated m my note at p. 716 of the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, an error I hasten to correct. S. Cooke, Eosefield, Sevcnoafcs. Eucalyptus: -V. The first species described was E. obliqua. L'Heritier, a French botanist, described the species from a specimen he saw in cultivation at Kew in 1788. It is a native of New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Tas- mania, and is useful for its timber, while the bark is suitable for paper-making. See Mueller's F.vmlyptoqraphm. Fruit Trees : F. Morris. The foliage has been most probably stripped, and crop destroyed by the grubs of the winter moth in previous years. You must protect the trees by bands of brown paper smeared with cart-grease, the smearing being done several times between October 1 and end of January. Spraying in summer time with some of the arsenical mixtures in vogue will do much good, of course, it being washed off the trees before gathering the fruit. A useful implement for destroying the moths nests, which are .fixed in the twigs, is a small torch or lamp to be used at this season. Gigantic Flower in the Philippines : H. G. This time the story is correct. The plant is Rafflesia Schadenbergiana, figured in the Gartenflora for 1885. The colour is yellow and brown. Insects : G. Y. Your Daffodil bulbs are attacked by the larva; of a bee-like two-winged fly (Merodon Narcissi), described and figured by "Ruricola" in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1842, p. 204. /. O. W. Lilac for Winter: Hortus. The Persian Lilac is mostly grown. It is forced in the dark, and is scentless. It is still called French Lilac, although it is not now solely French forced. London Purple and Paris Green : R. We believe both are preparations of arsenite of copper. The term London purple does not appear to be known in this country, but Paris green is known as " emerald green," and is a compound of arsenite and acetate of copper. Planting Hollies : G. H. Undoubtedly the best time is in August and September, and the next, late in April and beginning of May. Always get as much soil and roots as possible ; water the mass when the hole is half-filled, and again finally when the filling in is done — afterwards put on a mulch. Mealybug on Vines : Young Scot. Many different substances will kill the insect, but the difficulty with all is to get the remedy in contact with it. There are clay and gas-tar, brine, methylated spirits, Gishurst soap, at the rate of 4 oz. to the gallon, as a wash, afterwards coating the steins with an adhesive mixture of clay, cowdung, &c, to smother any insects which remain hidden in the crevices of the bark. This last " remedy " is one of the best ; but the insect hides in the woodwork, brickwork, hot-water pipes, joints, and uppercrust of the border, and means must be taken to clear it out of these retreats, by painting sashes, shelves, rafters, staging, puttying np crevices, or washing woodwork and walls with carbolic soap, afterwards limewashing the latter. The surface soil should be carefully skimmed off and charred, new soil being brought in as a top-dressing. Keep a bottle of methylated spirits handy for summer use ; it is sure to be required. Mistlf.to : A. Y. There is no certain method of get- ting this parasitic plant to take to any kind of tree. There is no doubt that seeds which have been eaten by birds, and expelled undigested, do become fixed on the branches of the Apple, Sal- low, Aspen, Thorn, Maple, &c, and develop into plants ; but artificial attachment is not often suc- cessful, however apparently careful it may be per- formed. The warmth of the bird's body, and perhaps the action of the juices of its stomach may have an effect on the ripe seed of the Mistleto in aiding germination after it is stuck on a branch. Mistleto is usually found to spring from the under-side of a branch, a spot where it is shaded from the sun, and kept moister by dew and rain, both of which run round the branch, and maintaiu it in a wet state longer than is the case with the upper portions. Obtain ripe seeds, clean them in warm water, make a hole or slit in the bark on the under side of a branch, insert the seed, and secure it by a piece of thread. By passing the seeds through the stomachs of fowls in confinement better results might be obtained. Namis of Fruit : W. Campion. Pear Beurre Diel — E. J. J. $ Co: Apple Gloria Mundi. Periodicals : G. M. No snch an one exists as Land and Lahonr. Forest Flora of New Zealand, ] vol. ; price not known to us. It is published at the expense of the New Zealand Government. Planting : G. W. On the lawn a few well-grown solitary Conifers would be more effective, if the sites for them are well chosen, than fifty spotted over the grass. Groups of two or three closely planted, if of one species, look well. All these " spiky " trees should have foils from deciduous round-headed trees , and especially weeping trees in their neighbourhood. If many Conifers are planted about the garden, a gloomy effect will be given it in a few years. Plant more flowering trees and shrubs and deci- duous trees of varied form, colour, and height and density of habit. Above all, if the soil be suitable, plant American Oaks in variety, Catalpas, Tulip tree, Sophora japonica and S. pendula, Celtis occi- dentalis, Pyru's, Sorbus, Gleditschias, Ailanthus, Gymnocladus canadensis, Planes, Tilia in variety, especially T. americana alba ; Juglans americana nigra and J. a. cinerea, native trees being used as nurses, and in less dressed parts of the place, and for avenues, park' groups. There is nothing to beat our Elms, Chestnuts, Oaks, common Lime, Beech, Maple, Birch, always much of this ; a few Willows and Aspens— they make grand trees in a few years ; and Alder, the latter being kept to one stem sometimes. You will get the best effects by keeping one genus of trees by itself, or nearly so ; and surprises in landscape formed by enclosing certain areas by dense belts, and to be seen only on entering them, are more pleasing than what one sees all over a place, from, say, the platform round the mansion or a spot or two in the grounds. Terms of Agreement: S. H. G. You seem to have been cheated, but we do not think you can claim anything, or if you made the attempt to do so, that it would be worth your while. Names of Plants: 0. S. (Holland). The envelope was duly received, but it contained no plant. — T. M. Saxifraga sarmentosa — G. R. T. Barkeria elegans, a fine form. The type is given at fig. 11.— F. Briqgs. 1, Adiantum hispidulum ; 2, Peperomia argyrea; 3, Maranta bicolor ; 4, Agapanthus minor variegatus; 5, Selaginella Wildenovi ; 6, Aspi- FIG. 11.— barkeria elegans. dium falcatum— Wm. T. % S. The flower sent appears to be almost the same as that illustrated in our issue for Feb. 26, 1887, p. 280, as Lselia anceps var. Stella, but it may be the L. Schroderi of Reichenbach.— R. H. A good form of Cypri- pedium venustum. — W.P. Eupatorium gracile. — Camjee. 1, Odontoglossum Lindleyanum; 2, O. lanceans (poor form).— G. A., Ventnor. Ansellia africana lutea. — D. K. What you send is not a Lemon, but one of the cultivated Oranges, a variety of Citrus aurantium. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Black & Co., Malton and Scarborough— Garden Seeds, Plants, Trees, &c. Richard Cleaver, 47, Bore Street, Lichfield, and at Tamworth — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Alfred Legerton, 5, Aldgate, London, E. — Garden and Agricultural Seeds (Trade List). John Downie, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Garden and Flower Seeds, &c. Brown & Wilson, 10, Market Place, Manchester- Seed List. Wm. Paul & Sons, Waltham Cross, Herts- Seeds, &c. Robert Veitch & Son, Exeter —Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. Babr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. — Seeds. Communications Received.— H. E. Gribble.— D. Roberts.— .1. Brown White.- A. P.— J. R. B — Barr & Son.— F. E.— F C. H.— E. M.— R. P.— D. T. F.— .1. McK.— A. G.— T. W. —G. Lawson— J. A.— W. H.— S. H.— ,T. .1. W.— .T. S.-. .T, R. J.— W. A. Green Jantjabt 11, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 59 THE EARLIEST PEA IN THE WORLD 237 238 CARTERS' LIGHTNING. "Four Days Earlier than Ringleader." — Mr. Wilson-, Gardener to the Most Noble the Marquis of Hartington. "Ten Days Earlier than First and Best "—Mr. Rabone, Gardener to the Eight Hon. the Earl of Shrewsbury. Price In Sealed Packets, 2s. pint ; post free, 2s. 6d. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. BEGONIA SEED.— Sow now. The best and cheapest is Box's Strain — surest of germination, finest of (lowers, Single varieties, tirf. half packet, Ls. anil 2s tid. per packet; collection 8 colours. 2s. 6d. Double varieties, lOrf. half pocket, ]«. firf. and 2s. 6rf. per packet; collection 8 colours, 5*. TUUERS -Six choice Singles and tix choice Doubles, superior to named sort?, all separate colours, 81f, the U, post-free. Most complete LIST in the Trade, gratis. JOHN R. BOX ("for 10 years J. Laing's sale Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. 3,000,000 RHODODENDRONS, PoNTICUMS, 6 to pinches, Ml. per 100, 80s. per 10O0; 9 to 1.' inches, l.'tj. per 10}, 110s. per loou ; 12 to 18 inches. IBs. per 100, irtos. ,,..r 1000. CvTAWUIENNA IIYBRIDA, 6 to 9 inches, 12s. per 100, 100s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, Lis. per 100. 120s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches. 20s. per 100. 180s. per 1000; 15 to 20 inches, 24s. per 100. 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy plant-, twice and thrice trinsplnnted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, free on application to .TAMES SMITH and SONS, Barley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. ROSES. 20 Acres. Bushes 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. Iff Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 16*. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12«.( 18a., and 24*. per doz. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. THE NEW VEGETABLE (STACHYS JL TUBERIFERA). — A large quantity to Dispose of. Is. per lb. Special prices for large quantities to the Trade. Apply to Mr. HOOKINGS, The Gardens, _n«< Side, West Molewy, Surrey. CARSON'S PAINT OUTDOOR "WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt, and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. LA BEL|,E SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. CONIFERS and SHRUBS.— Abies Douglasii, 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100 ; 6 to 7 ft., 70s. per 100 ; Araucaria imbricata. 2 to 2Jft.,20s. per doz.-, 3 to 3} ft. 36s. per doz.; 4ft., 48s. per doz. ; Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2 ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 3J ft., 32s. per 100; 5 ft., 60s. per 100 ; Cupressus erecta viridis, l| to 2 ft., 30s. per 100 ; 3 ft., 40s. per 100 ; Pices. Nordmanniana, 2 to 21 ft., 50s. per 100; 3 ft., 12s. per doz. ; Retinospora plu- mosa. 1£ ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 3J ft., tine, 50s. per 100; R. squarrosa, 11 to 2 ft., 32s. per 100; Thuia Lobbii, 3 to 4 ft., 30s. per 100 ; 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100 ; T. dolabrata, 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 4 ft., extra, 36s. per doz. ; Berberis Aquifolium, 2 ft., 12s. per 100 ; Box trees, 2 to 3 ft., 20s. per 100 ; Japan Boi, 12 inch, 12s. per 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 4 ft., 16s. per 100; Sea Buckthorn. 12 to 15 inch, 8s. per 100 ; 2 to 3 ft., 16s. per 100; Dogwood, 2 to 3 ft., 12s. per 100; Escallonia macrantha, pots, strong. 24s. per 100; Laurels, common, 2 to 3 ft., 12s. per 100 ; L. Colchiaca, 3 to 3J ft., 20s. per 100 ; L. caucasicum, 3 to 3^ ft., 20s. per 100; L. rotundifolia, 2 ft., 16s. per 100; Rhododendron ponticum, 1J to 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 2 to2Jft.. 40s. per 100; 4 ft. buds. 100s. per 100; R. hybrida, 2 to 2J ft., 60s. per 100 ; 4 ft., 120s. per 100. Special prices per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. ( CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. A. HARDY, \J A grand lot of plants, extra strong, ready for 5-in. pots. 4s each 42s. per dozen ; smaller. 2s. 6d. each, 27s. per dozen. Seedling PALMS. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 10s. per 100. PH02NIX RECLINATA, 10s. per 100. PANDANUS UTILIS. His. per 100. AUIANTUM CAPILES VENERIS LE GRAND, a splendid lot of this very lovely new Fern, extra strong plants, 2s. 6d. each, 24s. per dozen. A. J. A. BRUCE, The Nurseries, Chorlton-cum-Ilardy, Manchester. " Now Is ttie Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen. Local Boards. Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES. CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, anil having teen grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra line forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries. Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. REES, CONIFER.E, for Immediate Effect All well-grown, being frequently transplanted. ARATJCARIA imiskic.vi _,3to Ifeel ... 80*. to 40t. per doz. THUIA ELLWANGERIANA, fine stuff, { M; |(, „K CUPRE381 s LAWSONl IN A, 5 ■■■• t -■■•.. i . r d,. . ,,. AHIE-i DOUGLA8U, 6 to 7 feet 20s. PLNUS EXCELSA, 6 to 7 feet 24s. .. WEYMOUTH, 5 to 6 feet 18s. THUJOPSIS BORE AXIS, 6 to 7 feet ... 30«. YEW. English, :l l.i 1 fc.-t 1."". Li -"' pcrd.,/. SCOTCH KIR. stuff, 3 to 4 feet ... 20s. per 100. LARCH FIR, do. do. 5 to 6 feet ... 20s. ,, COMMON LAURELS, 5 to 6 feet 15s. per dozen. TO THE TRADE. W. DAXS, Hi.ktu.Lii.il y. Knockholt. Kent. Fi (REST TREKS. \sh, I to 2 feet, 13s. per 1000; do.. 2 to 3 feet. 17s. per 1000 ; Beech. 1} foot. 1 Is. per lim.i. 2 feet. 16*.; 2} feet. 18s. ; 2J to S feet, 4 f..t. 21.. I ,• r 1 Horse Chestnuts, 2 feet, 20s. per 1000; Sweet Chestnuts, 1 } to 2} fee* - 18s. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, M*. perlOOO; Lanh, IS to 21 inches. I8s. per 1000; lj fa) 9 l« '. 20s. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet. 26s. pel 1000: Sprue- Kir. 1 t.. 1J feet, 12s. per 1000; 1J to 2 feet. 14s. ; 2f to3fcet, I. per 1 ; Scotch Kir. 2 yr. transplanted. 12s. per 1000 ; 2 to 2} feet, .... per 1000; Hazels, 1} feet, 8>». pet i I'inus nustriaen, 2 vr., :Vvr. transplanted, 15s. per MOO; Ulack i... I. 22s. per 1000; Sycamore, 1 to 2 feet, l.:.. Dei 1000; 2 to 2J feet. Ills. |ier 1000; 7 to 8 feet, fine, 12s. per 100; Elm, Wych. .'. to 6 feet, - per loo. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. NDRE LEBOTS LSfurseries at Angers, France, the Largest and ri. hot m Europ.- in C..11.-. turn, of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL HIKES. SHRUBS. c'A MELLIAS. HOSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Kreight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the l ., '■ .r ,i i- ■!,, i...n it i'., i :-; Orders mint be addres-ed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. LILIES and I iRCIUDS. \n immense atoab. of recently imported Plants, compels a sale of the Estate lished Plants to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice. Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bargains; see public journals for high prices recently obtained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone with glass at command, which should not be overlooked. Such plants may never again be offered to the public and trade. My first consignments of LILIUM AURATUM have arrived, prices 4r/., 6a\, M„ Is., and Is. id. each ; per 100, 30s., 35s., 45s., 55s., and 70s. Liberal allowance to the Trade. Apply for CATALOGUE to W. GORDON. The Nurseries, Amyaod Park Road, Twickenham. JE. DIXON'S " PRESIDENT CARNOT " • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D will be able to supplv this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per paeket. for season 1890. The following testimonial (one of many similar) has been received from— Mr l.i on,. K Simmers, Gardener to the Earl of Scarbrough : — "UTAH. Sill. I have grown y.eir President . Carniil Brussels Sprouts by the side of scleral other well known varieties, and have ...in.' to the conclusion that it is the hardies! and besl "Lnndou'whoiewle Agents:— HURST AND SON, 152, llounds- dltoh, E.; COOPER, TAMER and CO. (Limited), 90, South - wars Street, Borough. S.E. JOHN ETHEKINUT'iN DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23. Lord Street, Gainsborough. w E can make Special Prices for any of the following, in quantities . — ABUNDANCE AMERICAN WONDER BLUE PETER CHAMPION OF ENGLAND DICKSON S FAVOURITE EORTYFOLD LITTLE GEM SANGSTER'S SELECTED STRATAGEM TELEPHONE TOM THUMB. ONIONS. BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, SEED MERCHANTS, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. FRUIT! TREES MMENSB STOCK of rkably well-grown Tree*. Inspection invited. New descriptive CATALOGUE on application. DlCKSONS series, CHESTER. ALL WHO DESIRE TO HAVE A CONSTANT and PLENTIFUL SUPPLY OF THE BEST VEGETABLES and FLOWERS SEED S FRO MS COT LAND. Our "AMATEUR'S GARDENING GUIDE," the most inter- eating ami instructive Catalogue of the season, is now ready, and 9 ill be .sent gratis and post-free to all applicants. STUART & MEIN, KELSO, SCOTLAND. CHRYSANTHEMUMS. - We offer one of the Largest and richest collections ever grown ; embracing, as it does, all the renowned Eng- lish, American, Continental, and Japanese Novelties. Cuttings post-free, our selection, 2s. per dozen ; 15s. per 100. Extra choice and new sorts, 4s. and 6s. per dozen. Plants ready about February. Orders booked now. A FEW SPECIALTIES.-You should send for this Small List— gratis and post-free— as wefeel sure it will interest you. In It will be found descriptions of several rare and desir- able plants that are not. to be found in any other list: also, such beautiful, little-known specie9 as "the foam flower," "the tree anemone," &c. ; besides such Novelties as the Kelsey (Japan) Plum, &c. CLIBRAN'S EC'CHARIS MITE-KILLER. — All may now grow and ilower the beautiful Eucharis if only cultivated with ordinary care, and according to directions. See Testimonials, gratis and post-free. Half-pint*. Is. 6d. ; pint?, 2s. id. ; quarts, is. id. ; half-gallon. 7s. ,v A ft rCARKIAcE 4 16 ft. bv 6 ft. [-*""""■""■ '•'"I 5 10 0 5 20 ft. bv 6 ft. Packing Fb.ee. 6 15 0 6 24 ft. by 6 ft./ V 8 0 0 Carriage is Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales ; also to Glasgow. Edinburgh, Dublin and Belfast. New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Harden Frames. Poultry Houses, and Dog Kennels, post-free for six stain. ,s. I,. t„. deducted from rir-t order. T//OS W. ROB/NSON, FAWKES' SLOW-COMBUSTION HEATINC APPARATUS. ■fait J ' ' BaqoirM no sunk stokeholi setting. Will last all nlghl -.Mi1 .hi atten- tion. Will bnrahou Indera, therefore Complete Apparatus from £4 12a. SI CCSSS i.i ii:.l.\ in ii. Enormous a BEST CONSTRUCTED and CHEAPEST Greenhouses, Forcing houses, Pits, Frames, Plant Protectors, Potting Sheds, Tool-houses, &c. id Pi efr, COMPTON & FAWKES CHELMSFORD. PUBLISHER^ ^ANNOUNCEMENTS. Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Gardchron, Zondun." Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their Copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery by post, the cover should be forwarded uith complaint). Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 41', Drury Lane, London, W.C. Now Ready, in cloth, lis. Qd., " The Gardeners' Chronicle" Vol. VI., Third Series, July to Dec, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor. W. 1UC1IARDS, Publisher, 41, Wellington Street, strand, W.C. At all times a Seasonable Present. OUR CATS, AND ALL ABOUT THEM. By HARRISON WEIR. President of the National Cat (hil'. 356 pages, 7n Illustrations, l'ost free. 7s. 6d. '• Every lover of Pussy owes a deep debt of gratitude to Mr. WElltfor this, the latest, the best, most complete, aud most readable Isxik on cuts ever published." Published bv CLEMENTS ami CO., Adr.ilrrr llllice, Tunbridge Wells. London Agents, Messrs. SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMII- TON, KENT axd CO. (Limited), and all Booksellers. tTOR SALE, "NICHOLSON'S DICTION- -L ARY of GARDENING," quite new, 48s. In 8 books splendidly lound. OCCUPIER, 3, Brentwood Cottages, New Eltham. EVUE de l'HORTICULTURE BELQE et KTRANGKRK (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review)— lliih year. —Among the principal Coiitributorsare : — A. Allurd, E. Andre, O. Bultet, F. Biirvenich, F. Crispin, ii. de Eerchove de Denterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C. Jongkiii.lt Cuninck, J. Kicki. T. Moore. C. Naudin, 11. Oliveirn, 11. Ortgies, E. Pyimert. E. Kodigas, (1. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem. H. J. Veitch, A. West- in. i-l. ami I'. Wolkenstein. Tins illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month, in part- of 24 pages, 8vo, with twocoloured Plates aud numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom:— One year, 14s. payable in advance. Publishing Ollice: 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, United In ONE. THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. [ THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. , Uaking the Larot t. Best, Oldest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine m America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, lOg. E. H. LIBBY, rul.Hsh.ir, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, S.W., to whom Ordersfor Advertisements and Subscrip tionsmay beseut. A Specimen Copy post-free for lui/. (stamps). YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world. Bhould write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272. Regent Street, Loudon, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. 62 THE GARDENERS' CERONICLE. [January 11, 1890. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two 4 Lines 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 » 10 » 11 „ 12 „ 13 „ 14 „ 0 3 0 0 3 6 0 4 0 0 4 6 0 5 0 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 7 0 0 7 6 0 8 0 15 Lines 16 ., 17 ,. 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 ., 25 „ 8 6 0 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be If set across three Columns the lowest charge will Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3. GardenerB and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and M. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. idvtrtisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Mouths, 15s.; 6 Months, 73. 6d. ; 3 Mouths, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 178. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China. 19s. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C., to W. RICHARDS. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we sold during ISflfl, of our D design BEDSTEADS a»d WOODS PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES comt.i 1, 3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis- count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs, to THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highlv-tinished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. A R D E N REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. THOS. BUTCHER begs to THANK ALL WHO APPLIED to him in answer to his Advertisement for Shopman and Manager, and to say the situatiou HAS BEEN FILLED. PARTNER WANTED. — Energetic Man, good Fruit Grower, accustomed to Glass, wanted as Partner by a Market Grower. Capital required about £150.— Address, H. E., 4, Station Road, Sudbury. Suffolk. MADE WITH BOILING WATER, E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Deatb and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :— 64, Cornhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Fifty-tnird Year of Publication. No G LENNY'S ILLUSTRATED GARDEN ALMANAC and FLORISTS' DIRECTORY for 1890, con- taining the Calendar for the Year, several Original Papers on subjects of interest and Importance to Gardeners -professional and amateur. Directions for Garden Work from month to month, a List of Novelties in Flowers, Fruits and Vegetables brought out in 1888-9 ; with a carefully revised List to date of all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Fruit-growers, and Florists throughout the United Kingdom ; with Illustrations of Fruits, Flowers, Sec. London : WARD, LOCK, and CO., Sulisbury Square, E.C. Jepbson Gardens, Leamington. HEAD HARDENER WANTED.— The COMMITTEE are PREPARED to RECEIVE APPLI- CATIONS for the Office of HEAD GARDENER, the duties to commence on the 31st day of March next. Applicants must be married, the wife having to take charge of the Lodge and adjoining Kates; and the number and ages of children is required. Salary. £70 per annum, with House (the Lodge I, Coals, and Gas.— Applications, with original Testimonials (which will be returned), to be sent on or before the 18th day of February next, to WILLIAM MAYCOCK, Secretary, The Parade Lodge, Jephson Gardens, Leamington, January 8, 1890. WANTED, a thoroughly reliable MAN, to Manage a Branch Business. Must have a good general knowledge of the Nursery and Seed Trade. State age and salary required. — COUNTRY BUSINESS, E. Parsons, 24, Nicholas Street, Bristol. REQUIRED, a thoroughly experienced GAR- DENER, who understands Ferns, Orchids, Palms, and Poultry. Married without children. Abstainer preferred. Will have to live in house with wife during owner's absence. To manage 9 acres of Ground by himself for some time, later in season assistance given.— Apply, stating wages, which must be moderate, and length of character in last situation to Lady L., Shortgrove, Newport, Essex. Foreman under Glass. WANTED AT ONCE, a good GROWER of Carnations, Double Primulas. Ferns. Palms, Tomato, &c. Permanent place for a good hand. State age. references. &c, to FLORIST, Messrs, Nutting & Sons, lub, Southwark Street, E.C. WANTED, for a Market Nursery, a practical GROWER, to take charge of the Stove Department, where a Collection of Plants are grown for Foliage and Cut Flowers. State age, wages, and experience. Preference given to one from a Market Nursery. Abo Three IMPROVERS In- side. Wages 12s., with Bothy.— TURNER BROS., Green Hill Nursery, Garston, Liverpool. WANTED, a competent MAN, for Growing Cut Blooms and Table Plants. One who could act as Salesman, and can tastefully arrange a Wreath, Cross, or Bouquet. — State wages and particulars to H. ENGLISH, Clevedon Nurseries. Clevedon. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, for Glass. — Must thoroughly understand Growing of Cucumbers. Tomatos, and all Soft-wooded Plants in Pots, and Cut Flowers and Winter-flowering Bulbs for Market in large quantities all the year round. Good cottage on place. State age and wages. Unexceptional reference required.— G. A. WILLIAMSON, Smithfield Market, Manchester. WANTED, a trustworthy young Man as FIRST JOURNEYMAN for Glass Department, well up in Cut flowers; also a respectable young MAN for the Pleasure Grounds, both not under IS. Bothy and vegetables. —State age and wages expected to E. BECKETT, Aldenham House Gardeus, Elstree, Herts. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Must be well up in Growing Bouvardias, D. Primulas, Carnations, Maidenhair, Cyclamens, Solanums, &c, for Market.— Apply, stating wages, references, and expe- rience, to X. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, an industrious young MAN, to take charge of a Small Nursery in the country. Must hare a knowledge of Budding, Grafting, and the Propagation of Plants generally.— Apply Dv letter, stating wages required, with references, &c, to H. AND F. SHARPE, Nurserymen, Wisbech. ANTED, TWO smart young MEN, used to Growing Soft-wooded Plants for Market. Wages, 15s. per week.— MANAGER, Hauwell Nursery, Boston Road, Hanwell, Middlesex. WANTED, in a Market Nursery, a young MAN, to Grow Ferns, &c— C. HART, The Nursery, Beaumont Road, Leyton. ANTED, a WORKING WOODMAN, for Gringley on the Hill. Must be capable of taking charge of five or six men ; must be used to all kinds of Plant- ing. Falling. Fencing, Sec. Wages 24s. per week; character required.— W. H. JAMIESON, Welbeck, Worksop. WANTED several Young MEN, used to Nursery Work under Glass. Wages £1.— Apply to FOREMAN, Turnford Hall Nursery, Turnford, near Brox- bourne, Herts. WANTED, a young MAN, quick at potting, &c, occasionally to Wait on Customers. One capable of making Wreaths preferred.— State age, wages, references, &c., to FLORIST, Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 106, Southwark Street, London, E.C. WANTED, a young MAN, in Florist's Business, capable of Filling Window Boxes and attending to Greenhouse, &c.— Apply, stating experience, age, and wages required, to SMITH AND LARKE, 14, High Street, Kensington, W. WANTED, INVOICE CLERK, quick at Figures, and generally useful in Office— W ATKINS AND SIMPSON. Exeter Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, an ASSITANT CORRESPOND- ING CLERK. Preference given to one who can write Shorthand (Pitman); also a JUNIOR CLERK for Invoicing. Applicants must state age, experience, and wages expected, to THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, London. SHORTHAND WRITER WANTED, good, who is well acquainted with Nursery or Garden Work. Speed. 130 words per minute.— State experience, age, and salary expected to G. R., care of Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C, WANTED, as SHOPMAN, .an active young man. of good addiess. Must be well acquainted with the Garden Seed Trade, &c, and quick at Counterwork.— Apply by letter, stating Salary required, and where last em ployed.— DONALD CUTHBERT, 12, Clayton Square, Liverpool WANTED AT ONCE, in a General Retail Seed and Nursery Business, SHOPMAN, also an ASSISTANT, both with knowledge of Flower Trade pre- ferred. Full particulars.— References, wages. Sec, LAXTON BROTHERS, Bedford. WANTED, SECOND SHOPMAN, age 18 to 20, with fair know ledge of Seeds, Bulbs, and Mount- ing Flowers. Must be active, of good address, and write well, State antecedents and wages received, to JOHN R. BOX. East Surrey Seed Warehouse, Croydon. SHOP ASSISTANT REQUIRED for a large Seed Firm. North of England. Must have had good experience in Bulbs, Vegetable and Flower Seeds. A good opening for an energetic young man. State age, experience, where last employed, and salary required.— SEEDS, Gardeners' C'ronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. \\T ANTED, a YOUTH, well up in Wreath and V T Bouquet Work, with slight knowledge of Seed Trade. Abstainer preferred. State age and experience.— FLOWERS. Messrs. Nutting & Sons, 106, Southwark Street, London, S.E. WE HAVE A VACANCY in the Invoice Department for a imart, quick LAD, who writes a good hand. Preference will be given to one who has had some experience at Counter. It isa good opportunity fora Gardener's Son who wishes to Improve himself in the Seed and Nursery Trade.— Apply, in own handwriting, giving references and salary required, to JARMAN AND CO., Chard, Somersetshire. WANTED, a young LADY, to Assist in a Florist Shop. Well up in Wreath, Cross, and Bouquet Work.— Queen's Road Nursery, Queen's Road, Peckham. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Restante " to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to th; writers. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest, investigation.— JOHN DOWNIE. Seedsman, 141. Princes Street. Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Age nts STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 239, High Holborn, W.C. ICH ARD SMITH and Ctt beg to announce that they are constantly receiving R applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c.-St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. Gardeners, Foresters, Land stewards. RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with i* every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS. Fi IRESTEKS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for lare-e or small establishments, and wi.l be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street. Edinburgh. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALL ANT YNE, The Queens Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed proprietors, Agents, and others requiring the services of GARDENERS, FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. GARDENER (Head).— Age 33, married; fifteen years practical experience in all branches. Two and a half years' excellent character.— T. S., 18, Angles Road, S treatham, S.W. JM ARDENER (Head).— Age 31; sixtetn VjT years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse, Vines, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Three years' good character.— W. BINGHAM, 25, West Place, Wimbledon, Surrey. ARDENER (Head). — Age 48, married; thoroughly experienced in Stove Plants, Orchids, and General Routine of Gardening. Seven years' character.— H. W.. Shrubland's Lodge, Park Lane, Croydon. GARDENER (Head), in a good establish- ment.—Highest references. Thirteen years' experience, five years' last place. Left through death.— J. WARD, 15, Maustield Road, Nottingham. Jaotart 11, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 63 GARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly under- stands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit, Flo\ver9, and Vegetables. Also Land and Stock, if required. Eighteeu years' experience. First-class references. — T. PERKINS, Great Hadham, Herts. GA R D E X E R (Head).— A Gentleman recommends a practical man of twenty years' expe- rience. Understands Orchids. Stove Plants. Forcing. Fruit, Flowers, Vegetables. Excellent Grower.— H. >'., 81, Balham Grove. S.W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 39 ; married, two children (youngest aged 5); thoroughly practical in all branches. Land and Stock if required. Good character and references.— W. T., Mrs. Woods. Snake Lane, Woodford, Essex. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 33. married, no family; understands Vine, Melon, Cucumber, and Tomato Growing, and the general routine of Gardening. Seventeen years' experience m some of the leading places in England. — WALTER SMITH, North Fallant, Havant, Hants. GARDENER (Head).— Advertiser is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good all-round Gardener. Thoroughly understands the culti- vation of all kinds of Fruit. Flowers, and Vegetables. Sixteen years' experience in good places. Steady man ; unexceptional Character.— GARDENER, Asylum Cottage, BeddiDgton, Snrrey. GARDENER (Head).— A Gentleman desires to recommend his Head Gardener, who is thoroughly competent, honest, civil, obliging, industrious, and abstainer. Fifteen years' experience in all branches. Leaving without fault, and well recommended from several goud establishments.— Please address particulars to GARDENER, Randle, Nurseryman, &c, Exeter. GARDENER (Head). — A Gentleman wishes to recommend a first-class Head Gardener for general routine of good establishment. Prizes takeu one season :— Special tor Orchids— Sixteen let ; one 2nd; one "r.l for Fruit and Plants. Three years' and ten years' excellent character and testimonials. Leaving through death of master.— M. S., 20, Pelham Terrace, New Eltham. GARDENER (Head), married, without familv.— R. H. Smith. Head Gardener eleven and a half years to Sir Tonman Mosley. Bart., Rolle.stou Hall, is now open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, energeti.: man. Highest testimonial* from late Mil previous employers,— 175, Hormuglow Road, Burton- on-Trent. (GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 36, X married, one child; thoroughly experienced in flower. Fruit, and Kitchen Work. Sec— J. H., Stone Park. OreafihithS, Kent. GARDENER (Head Working).— Good all round. Can be well recommended, ks an engage- ment in or near London.— T. E.. i, Manor Place, High Street, Sutton, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Wohkinci); age 30.— Mr. Aim-, old Warden Park, Biggleswade, will be pleased to recommend hie Foreman, Charles Turner, to any Lady or Gentlem 111 requiring the services of a good Gardener. ARDENER Working).— Age 35, married; seventeen years' experience in Barly Forcing of Fruit, Store and Greenhouse Plants, Pleasure and Kitchen Gardens. Two years' excellent character. — W. W., Hall Lodge, Pinner, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working), to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy man.— Married, no familv ; over twenty je.irs' experience. Four and a half years' good character. — BROWN, Hi, Elloru Boad. Streatham Common, S.W. ARDENER (QKAD Working).— Age 33, married, no family ; seventeen years' thorough practical experience in all branches of the profession. Highly recom- mended. Left through death.— H. Ml'STOW, Yettiugton, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. ARDENER (Head Working). — Middle- aged, no family ; thoroughly experienced in all brunches of his profession. Good reference from present uud previous situations. No objection to superintend Land and Stock if required.— Victoria Nursery, Worthing, Sussex. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed).— Age .16, ^married ; twenty Tears' practical experience in all branches. Good references and character. — W., Cheston Cottage, Grove Road, Stamford Hill, N. ARDENER, or GARDENER arid BAILIFF.— The I.IVKKPOOL HOHTICULTl'IUL, Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. G GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Middle-aged, W married ; experienced in North and South of England. Good references. — W. S. CAMPBELL, 40, Whitefriargate, Hull. ARDENER.— Married ; well up in Growing Pelargoniums, Cyclamen, Bouvardias. Tomatos. and nben G GARDENER ( Working). — Age 20; well experienced Inside and Out. Six years' experience. Four years' first-class character.— SCHUR, The Law Nursery, Appley Bridge, Leeds. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where another is kept.— Age 25; twelve years' prac- tical experience Inside and Out.— Four and a half years' good character. — R. C., 4, Comberton Terrace, Upper Clapton, E. GARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise. — Age 25 ; understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good testimonials. — W. HUMPHREY, Langtou Road. nearTunbridge Wells, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 27, married when suited; well versed in Fruit and Plant Growing. Good character.— W. H. Q., Wyfold Court Gardens, near Reading. ,0 ARDENER (Second), in the Houses, in a ^IJT good establishment; age 20.— F. King, Gardener to A. F. Perkins, Esq., would be pleased to recommend a young man as above. Bothy preferred. Seven years' good character. — F. KING, The Gardens, Oak Dene, Holm wood, Surrey. GARDENER (Under). — Age 21 ; three years last place. Wishes to learn.— D. AGAR, Pike, Stationer, Hertford Street, Mayfair, W. GARDENER (Under). — Age 19; five years' experience. Good character.— 18, Vicary Street, Cornwall Road, Brixton, S.W. GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Age 23; eight years' experience in Stove, Greenhouse, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good reference. Abstainer. — C. BARNES, 12. Northall Street, Stockwell. To Head Gardeners. GARDENER < L'nder).— Age, 81. Willing to make himself useful ; total abstainer ; good character. —Full particulars of C. SMITH, The Gardens, Nourthcourt, Hampstead. BAILIFF and GARDENER, or STEWARD; age 44. married, no family.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend advertiser as above, as being a thorough practical Gardener in every branch; also Laud, Stock, and everything connected with Agriculture. Wife would take Dairy.— J. W., 2, Atlas Cottages, Putney, S.W. FOREMAN, in the Houses ; age 24.— W. II, IClfiTEBS wished to recommend a young man as above.— Address. The Gardens. G anions, Hereford. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Practical experience in Fruit and Plant Growing ; also Cut Flower Work. Seven yean in present situation, two years a-S Foreman. I r-t . ,,t>-. n Urences,— -J. S., Hollv Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. IA)REM AX, where two or three are kept, or -L FIRST JOURNEYMAN in good Establishment.— Age 23; eight years' experiences — rive inside and two out. — J. TIM'A I.I., Edenhull, Langwathby, Cumberland. FOREMAN, or "prTh'AGATOR.— Age 24; used to London and Provincial Nurseries. Well up in Pelargonium,, CycUman*, Primulas, Qenirtaa, Cinerarias, Carnations, Solatium*, Houvardias, Hydrangeas, Ficus. Ferns, and all Market stuff. -H. It.. Gardeners' Chronicle Offli e n WellinKt.m Street. Strand. \V (.'. PROPAGATOR (General), or PROPA- GATOR and FOREMAN -Thorough aspartate*. Well up at Hard wooded Plant*, it. w.. T, I'ruium-n Terrace DanhrouV Boad, Booth Streatham, S.W. PROPAt lATl lit, tirst-i-lass indoors, in a (food Kureery, Beat ol references. — W, llAKltls, The Institute, Baal Print tead, Sussex. "PROPAGATOR (First-class), and GROWER X for market.— Age 38; well up in Tomatos, Cucumbers, Strawberries, and Soft-wooded Stuff. &c ; Out Pitman and Market Work in general. Good references. — QARDENEB T. B.. 28, Finaburj Square, E.C. ROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Plants for market, and can take charge of a small Nursery.-J. SOLOMON, 5 Park Street, Sl..k,- N,»- ington. . To Nurserymen and Florists. PROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age 20; well up in Grafting ROMS, Clematis, Rhododendrons, &c. Good references. -II. S., \ Park Road, Wimbledon. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOREMAN GROWER, FURNISHER, or SALKSMAN.— Age 30 ; thoroughly experience 1 in lead- ing Market Nurseries. W'r.-.iths, JS,.u.|ii,-ts, Decorating, &c. Good character.— I). K.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wel- lington Street. Strand. W.C. To Gentlemen and Nurserymen. GROWER, of all kinds, Fruit, Flowers, &o , Privately or otherwise. -Management of a Small Nursery nut objected to, Good reference.— S. FERNDALE, Ouken, near Wolverhampton. ROWER, of Softwooded Plants and Cut Flowers. Would Manage Srnall Nursery. Accustomed to Growing for London Market. Good reference.— WILLS, The Liberty, Wells, Somerset. JOURNEYMAN" GARDENER^ iri ^ood place, or with Florist; young. — Good testimonials. — A. B., Walhampton Gardens, Lymington. JOURNEYMAN GARDENER, where four or more are kept.— Age 22 ; seven years' good experience. Excellent characters.— JOHN DEIGHTON, Moor Mouktou, near York. JOURNEYMAN (First), Inside or Out in good establishment ; or Second where four or five are kept. — Age 24 ; strong and active ; well recommended. — A. BICKERS, Kiinpton Hoo Gardeus, Welwyn, Herts. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21 ; live years' cha- racter. Experience Inside and Out.— H. WINUROVE, The Gardens, Rousham, Steeple Aston, Oxon. JOURNEYMAN.— Mr. Phillips, The Friars Gardens, Newport, Mon., can strongly recommend a thoroughly industrious and respectable young man. JOURNEYMAN; age 21— W. H. Masters CJ wishes to recommend a young man as above. — Address, The Gardens, Garnons, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21; willing, active, and strong. Well recommended. Five years last situation. —WILLIAM NEWNHAM, South Lodge Gardens, Crabtree, near Horsham, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; bothy preferred; three years' good character; can be well recommended.— Mr. WARD. Gardeus, Stoke Edith, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, Indoors; age 22.— E. Mayo can with confidence recommend a trustworthy young man, wanting a change. Five years' experience.— The Gardens, Rod borough Court, Stroud, Glos. IMPROVER, in a Private Establishment.— A e 19 ; three years' good character.— R. GLOVER, Orrell Lodge, near Wigan, Lancashire. TMPR0VER. — J. Coward, The Gardens, X Hiverholme Priory, Sleaford, would like to hear of a situa- tion for a Lad (age 17), been three years in these gardens, IMPROVER, under a good Gardener in bothy. —Age 19. Two years' good character— F. S.. 13, Bam ford Cottages, Harrow Weald, Stanmore, London, N.W. VfARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted by a -LtJL young Man situation in a Market Nursery. Well up in rPO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS. — A X young man (age ^:t). is anxious to meet w itli a situation in a good Nursery (Inside), near Loudon. Over two years' experience.— B., 11, Wellington Street, strand, W.C. rT"b NURSERYMEN. — Wanted situation, X well up m Potting, Tying. Watering. Su : Age 23. (iooil Character. — T. 11., Gardeners' Chronicle Otlicc, 41, Wellington. Street, Strand, W.C. rPO SEEDSMEN. — Wanted, a situation for L a Youth (age 17). in the Seed Business. Two years' M.ilton. e. tiKll. CKKSNKY, Seedsman, &c, .Market 1'lace, NURSERYMAN, SEEDSMAN, FLORIST, Sec. — Advertiser (Age 129), fourteen years' experience and references with best tirms. Well up in Wreaths, Crosses, and all Floral Work ; .it present -Managing Branch — l'TERIS, Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. VrANAGER, FOREMAN, or TRAVELLER, X»X to a Nurseryman ; or would take a Large Private Place. Age 48, married. Long experieni C. II. ('.. -Mr. WOOd, Nursery, Ha ANAGER, HEAD SHOPMAN, or TRA VELLEB,— Eighteen years' practical Wholesale and Ratal) Trade.— J. CUKNEY, Strasbourg House, London Road, St. Albans, Herts the To Florists. SHOPMAN, or SHOPMAN and SALESMAN. —Young; accustomed to Furnishing, Window boxing, fcc. a UNDERWOOD, 8, St. Martin's Place, Camden Street, Camden Town, N.W. SHOPMAN, — Good knowledge of Trade. First- dans refi remes. Could keep Hooks if desired, Would Manage branch Establishment, or Work up N.r.l <\m nection.— A. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24 ; eight years' experience in Seeds, Plants, and General Nursery Stock. Twelve months with present employer. — ALPHA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 4 1 . Wellington Street, Strand.W.C. rPO FLORISTS. — He-engagement required by JL by young Lady (18), in first-class Florist's lm-«itie-^; in- doors preferred. Good references. — H.. 35, Edithna Street, X) FLORISTS. Experienced.— L. i -Situation wanted by a Lady. I, Fortune Gate Parade, tiurlesden. HOLLOW AY'S PILLS and OINTMENT.— Colds, Coughs, Shortness of breath. — These maladies require early and unremitting attentiou, for if neglected they ofteu end in asthma, bronchitis, or consumption. The Oint- ment well rubbed upon the chest and back, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and carried directly to the lungs, whence it expels all impurities. All the blood in the body is perpetually passing through the lungs, and there all noxious particles tending to disease canbe quickly, thoroughly, ami permanently neutralised, rendered harmless* or ejected from the By stem. Holloway's Ointment and Pills perfectly accomplish tins puii- ficitioa; and through the blood thus cleansed, the influence of these wonderful medicaments reaches the remotest pari of the -human body, and thus cures all diseased action, whether internal or external. 64 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jasuary 11, 1800, FOSTER and PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS. THE "CHILWELL NURSERIES" BOILER EXPLANATION. Water passes through the return Pipe into the Box A, thence through Pipes BBBBBBBB to Box C, thence through Pipes DD to Box E, thence through Pipes FFFFFFF to Boxes HH, the, through Pipes IIIl to Boxes KK, and thence into Box L. an CONFIDENTLY RECOMMEND THIS BOILER for Heating THEY HAVE GIVEN GENERAL SATISFACTK which diminish th ad upwards. We have had a number of these Boilers at work for five years, and also made with 2-INCH WROUGHT WELDED STEEL TUBES, THEY HAVE STEEL WATER BARS. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. BONES! BONES! BONES! No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of these always ready. Made of good red deal. They are 24 inches high at hack, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.\ (£2 2 „ tt.\ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash 1 12 „ by 6 „ [ Prices, J 16 „ bv 6 20 „ by 6 24 „ by 6 i (Carriage Pali. | 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 15 0 0 0 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES. FRAMES. BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS. POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES. IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. Greenhouse Fires, Stoves, &c. MALL CUKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, I. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. s CRUSHED BONES VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, GRASS LANDS, &c, Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WAXTED AGENTS WANTED. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses, Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c„ constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equa'Ied. We only do one class of work, and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the small.-,! to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hothed Boxes, So,, always i free. Customers waited on in any part oj the Kingdon Plans, Estimates and Catalog MODERATE CHARGES. stock. Customers u Our Maxim is and always has been— FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. Editorial Communication, should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Basiness Letters to " The Publisher.'' at the Office, 41, Wellington Street Covent Garden. London, WC. Printed by William Kichirih. at the O lice of Messrs. Bradbury. AuSfiW. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the t ounty of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richard,, at the Offiee, 11, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County. -Saturday, January 11, 1890. Agent frfr Manchester— Joh.\ Heiwood. Established No. 160.— Vol. VII. {£»£} SATUEDAY, JANUARY 18, 1890. Newspaper. /PRICE 3d. I Post-free, 3'i(. CONTENTS. Arnebia cornuta 86 Law notes m Belgium, Orchids in 78 Nvmphiea versicolor U Berlin 77 Obituary : — Calanthes, hybrid 7:t Duke, J ... Chrysanthemum show at Onion experiments 7fl Edinburgh ... BO Orchideenne ..I ,, ,, dates Hti Orchid-houses, the 79 Chrysanthemums, groups ,. notes 78 of 76 Phnla-nopsis Sanderiana Coffee, Arabian VI punctata ;s Cyprip"dium Buchanan- Plan of a garden Plants and their culture . m 7:i 81 ,, Cytherax 73 Railway rates ... 8d 86 Dnrlingtonia californica... Hi Rose statistics «-' Fruits under glass w Royal Horticultural So- Gardening, a history of ciety -0 Bo English 74 Sen 1. 1 tree beer ,, appointments 94 Snowdrop 80 Gardeners' Orphan Fund M Societies :— „ problem 71 Roynl Horticultural ... 87 ,, Royal Benevolent York Florists' no Institution «a Solarium, a tree 7i Hardy fruit garden 78 Stock-taking; December. 82 Horticultural hall mi Sycamore buds ami squir Jaeobinia coccinea ;:t rels 87 Kitchen garden, the Trees, sacred, of the Lirlin Crnwshayana and Hindus 7(1 L. Uouldiana '- Vends Aui.-siuiia, white... 78 ILLU8TR ATION8. Darlingtonin californica ,. 84 MS Plan of a garden 77 Solanum macranthum 81 Advertisers are speciullt/ requested to note, that, under no circumstance! whatever, ran any particular position be guaranteed fur ad- vertisements iccupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J- Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC. 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. TbeSubscriptiou to Ametica. including Postage, is J4.30 fur Twelve Months, Agent for America:— E.H.LI BUY, Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. EGONIA SEED.— Sow now. The best and cheapest is Box's Strain — surest of germination, lineal of flowers. Single varieties, half packet 6o*., per packet tf. and as 6d. ; collection 9 colours. Si. 6d. Double rarletlee, half packet 10d., per packet Is. M. and 2s. Hd. ; collection 8 colours, 5>. TUBERS.— 81* choice .Singles and six choice Doubles, superior to named sorts, all separate colours, 21s. the 12, post-free. Most complete LIST in the Trade, gratis. JOHN R. BOX (for 10 years J. Lning's sole Partner), Seeds- man and Begonia Grower, Croydon. Cucumber " Lockle's Perfection." CHARLES TURNER, having purchased the Stock of this sterling new variety, is much pleased to introduce it, and can with the greatest confidence recommend it as the best Cucumber ever sent out. Price per packet, Is. 84. and as.iirf. Descriptive CATALOGUE upon application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. Kfk AAA GREEN EUONYMUS, t)\J^\J\J\7 all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15j. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. GoldBtone Farm, Brighton. SIIARPE'S VICTOR P< >TAT<> (True).— The earliest prolific Potato extant. Extra selected from original stock. Price, 2s. per stone of II lb. Cash with order. J. E. DIXON, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. EED POTATOS.— A few tons of Myatt's and "liters' Kidney Potntos, of fine quality, £1 10s. per ton. UAKLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. s SUTTON'S AUTUMN MAMMOTH CAULI- FLOWER.— Those who have grown this fine Cauliflower are delighted with its superior quality. The crop comes into use about a fortnight or three weeks in advance of the well- known Autumn Giant, but the heads are larger and of finer texture. Mr. R. Lye. T ha Gardens, Sydmonton Court, says:— "Autumn Mammoth Cauliflower is a valuable additioo, coming in some time before and is whiter than Autumn Giant. I like it better than any I have grown this season." Price of seed, 2s. 6rf. per ounce, post free. For full par- ticulars of Sutton's Specialties in Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, see Sutton's "Amateur's Guide," the most complete gardening annual issues). Price Is.. Post-free; gratis to customers ordering goods value 20s. and upwards. Sutton's Seeds Genuine Only Direct From SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING. ROSES — ROSES — ROSES. 80s. per 100, best named Dwarf H.P.'s. 70s. per 100, best named Standard and Half St.l. H.P.'s and Teas. 75s. per 100. LABURNUMS. 7 to 8 feet stems. £o per 100, Black Italian POPLARS. 7 to 10 feet stems, good. Cash with order. C. H. OORRINOE, Roselands Nursery, Eastbourne. HOICE GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. i t l U.oi.rES free on application. FRED. RciEMKK, Seed Grower, Quedlinbnrg, Germany. c QU I C K S— Q U I C K S— Q U I ~C K S. Strong transplanted Quicks, largo quantity. 10s.. 12s.. and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS AND SON. M, Market Square, Northampton. VPKIPEDIUM INSIGNE, four fine large plants, in tl-inch Sowar pota— good variety. Abo bulbs, e*tr.i strong and large, ol CALAK lilt: \ T itch II. HENRY erskine. Seedsman and Florist. 80 a. George Street, I Imburgh. Plant Now for Sprlng-flowerlng. CLEARANCE SALE OF BULBS at Reduced Pri, as, HYACINTHS. TULIPS, DAFFODILS, NARCISSI, 0E0OU8, SNOWDROPS, CHTONODOXA, &c, &c. Priced LIST free on application. BARR and SON, 12, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. T AXTON'S VEGETABLE NOVELTIES, -i-i forTabteand Exhibition, have received moreCert id. ates than those of any other raiser. LISTS ol Hew Peas, Beans, Onions, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Carrots, Potatos, and Jerusalem Artichokes, also of Swc. i peas I best Floral Novelties, free from THOMAS LAXTuN, Seed grower, Bedford. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NllisEHVMEN, Sitlcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Ch.ice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address— •• COMMISSION, SIDCUP." ilTulCE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY BIDES, Covent Garden, W.C. CHARLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale Florists und Commission Aoents, Bedfordtmrv Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN To RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Boxes forwarded. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. c JW. B A R N II A M (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS: also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, Large Plants of IMATOPHYL- LUM MINIATIM. ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS. EUCHARIS AMAZON!! A. and EUPHORBIA JAC- QUIN.Kr'LORA, In EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS. Apply F. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. WANTED, MANETTI or SEEDLING BRIAR STOCKS for immediate working.— Price, &c, to P. BOULTON, Beechenlea Nursery, Swauley, Kent. CARTER'S VADE MECUM for 1890 is Now Ready, and has been posted to Messrs. Carters' Customers. Price One Shilling (post-free) to unknown correspondents. It contains six elegant Coloured Illustrations, and will be found a most thorough book of reference by all who desire to cultivate successfully the choicest Vegetables and the prettiest Flowers. JAMES CARTER and CO., The Queen's Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, 2.37 and 238, HIGH HOLHORN, W.C. Trade Price Current. 1890. PETER LAWSON and SUN (Limited), Wholesale Seed Growers and Merchants. Edinburgh, have Posted their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS to their Customers. It not delivered m any case, another copy will be posted on application. The ANNUAL CATALOGUE of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS "ill be published later on; meanwhile, special offers will be made when requested. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizeB, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890.— We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties uf the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WA1K1NS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand. London, W.C. OOl'ER and CO. (Limited) beg to an- nounce that their SEED CATALOGUE for 1890 is Published, and will be forwarded on application. Covent Garden and Pine apple Nurseries. London. JAMES BACKHOUSE and SON'S Illustrated niul Descriptive CATALOGUE of SEEDS and AMATEURS' GUIDE to GARDENING (60 pp.), will be sent Free on application. It contains a full List, with descriptions of the best and most useful Garden and Flower Seeds, and is particularly rich in Choice Perennials and Alpine Plants suit- able for cultivation on rockworks. A LIST of Seeds and Plants recommended for Cultivation by Beekeepers is included. JAMES BACKHOUSE and SON. York. CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS.— Twelve Early. Is.; twelve Intermediate, Is.; twelve Late, Is., or 6s. per 100. Best sorts of thirty years' selection. For Pots or Cutting. Stools oheap W. WATSON. Higham Hill, Essex. |>OSES! HOSES!! ROSES! M— TheTest and A-Xj cheapest in the world. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s. Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter. U STRALIAN SEEDS. LUCERNE, GRASS SHEDS, PEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYPTI, CYCADS, CASUARINA, &c„ Seeds and Plants. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Drafts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils, &c, requested. STEPHENSON abd JOHNSON, Sec] Growers and Merchants, 9, King Street, W.. Sydney, N.S.W. RED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well-rooted plants. APPLES. Pyramid, good sorts, 6 to 7 feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, fine trees, 6 to 9 feet. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. VicomtesseHericartdcThury, Stirling Castle.— TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3Hnch pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT -L MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. (56 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 18, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Monday Next. DUTCH BULBS, consisting of HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUS, and NARCISSUS, including a large quantity of named TULIPS, about 300 lots of various English-grown LILIES, and Hardy BULBS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above bv AUCTION at their Central Sale Booms, 07 and 08, Cheapside, London, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, January 20, at half-past 12.o'Oiock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday l>ext. 10,000 LILIUM AURATUM. 50 cases various assorted LILIES, just received from Japan, all in magnificent condition. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 07 and 08, Cheapside. London. E.C.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT. January 22, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, 10,000 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM. a quantity of LILIUM MACRANTHUM RUBRUM and ALBUM. Also 50 cases of assorted LILIES, just received from Japan; a large number of various English- jjrjwn LILIES, hardy BULBS, TUBERC-iES, 100 CAMELLIAS trom Belgium, Dwarf ROSES, and a choice assortment of Stove and Greenhouse FERNS. PALMS, Sec. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. NURSERY STOCK FROM SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January 23. at half-pa* t 12 o'clock precisely, the following quantities of NURSERY STOCK from Sample : — .'00 Primulas, double white 600 Carnations, Pinks, and 500 Adiantum 000 Dwarf and Half-Stan- dard Roses 1,500 Rhododendrons 300 Hollies, Gold, Silver and Green 1,000 Box ■ 1,000 Common Laurels 5,000 Laurustinus, of torts 20,000 Ash Strawberries", &c. Samples will be on view morning of Sale. Catalog the Auctioneers, 07 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Cloves 4,uii(i Azaleas 2.000 Gooseberries, fine sorts 500 Golden Euonymus 5,01X1 Berberis l.ooo Laurels 500 Retinosporas 6.000 Cupressas. of sorts 400 Pampas Grass l.oou Ericas - ■ Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM POLYXANTHUM. NANODES MEDUSzE. MAXILLARIA SANDERIANA. EPIDENDRUM SYRINGOTHYRSUS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., of Heaton. Bradford, and 191, Park Road, Clapham, to SELL by AUCTION on FRIDAY NEXT, January 24, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, an extremely valuable consignment of ORCHIDS, consisting of Nanodes Medusa?, the beautiful Maxillaria Sanderiana, Odontoglossum polyxanthum, the large flowering type ; Epidendrum 'syringothyrsus, Oncidium lameligerum, O. Halli, a few specimen plauts of Oncidium macrauthum, &c. All the Orchids offered are in the best pos- sible health and condition, and they are the finest lot ever im- ported. It is impossible to enumerate within the limits of an ordinary advertisement the si/e and condition of such a valu- able importation. The special attention of iutending pur- chasers is drawn to the fact that all the plants offered are not freshly imported, but have been in this country for some time, and are therefore quite ready to be potted without any fear of On ing of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ANGRJEOUM PALLIDUM. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on FRIDAY' NEXT, about 100 specimen plants of the above scarce Angnecum. The plants are in splendid condition, having been brought home under the permanent care of th- collector. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. MouDt View, Sheffield. Sale of the First Portion of the VALUAULK COLLECTION of upwards of 1600 ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late David Ward, Esq., J. P. The plants are in the best possible condition. The collection is one of the finest in the district, and includes Specimens from several well- known Collections. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON, respectfully give notice that they are favoured with instructions from the executors to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises as above, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, January 22 and 23, 1890, at 11 a.m. precisely each day, the First Portion of the ABOVE VALUABLE COLLECTION, comprising 500 lots in Bloom and Bud. For further particulars, see Catalogues. May be viewed (by ordt* from the Auctioneers) six days preceding Sale, from 11 to 3 each day. Auctioneers' Offices and Sale Rooms, 2 and 3, East Parade, Sheffield. N.B.— The SECOND PORTION of the COLLECTION WILL BE SOLD about the FIRST WEEK in .MARCH ■ and the THIRD and LAST PORTION in MAY. Wednesday and Saturday next 1000 Standard and Dwarf ROSES, including some of the best known varieties. Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, a fine collection of Home-grown LILIES. LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, 1000 LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, and other Orna- mental SHRUBS, HYACINTHS, TULIPS, CROCUSES and other BULBS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at bis Great Rooms. 38. King Street Covent Garden, on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 22 and 25, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next, January 23. ENORMOUS IMPORTATIONS FROM JAPAN. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, January 23. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, enormous Importations, just received from Japan, comprising 30,000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM (a large number in cases as wived), lotted for private Buyers and die Trade. Also L. SPECIOSUM ALBUM and RUBHUM, L. KRAMERI, L. LONGIFLORUM, L. FOLIS ALBIS MARGINATIS, &c. ; 10,000 LILY OF THE VALLEY Crowns, 200 extra tine Bulos of LILIUM HARRISII, 50 lots of choice DAFFODILS. Dutch BULBS in quantity, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. FOR DISPOSAL.— NURSERY, 1 Mile from large manufacturing centre. Trains to door. Splendid Houses. A rare opportunity for energetic man. Rent and in- going low. Apply. S. A. KELLETT AND CO., 1, Marble Street, Millstone Lane, Leicester. FOR SALE, in good Market Town, a NURSERYMAN and SEEDSMAN'S BUSINESS. Apply. S. W., Gardmeri Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. NURSERY PREMISES and BUSINESS (good chance for a beginner). Most compact, with good dwelling accommodation, on a main road. Lease of eighty- seven years at a ground rent, TO DE DISPOSED OF, Price £750, including all utensils, or first reasonable offer. Stock at value. Portion can remain on mortgage.— HERBERT DRAKE, Auctioneer. 343. Harrow Road, Paddington. TO BE LET, on Lease, about two acres of productive NURSERY LiND, with Stabling, Outbuild- ings, and about 13.500 super, feet of Glass ; about hve minutes from Waltliaui Cross Station, Great Eastern Railway. Apply to E. A. H., Queen Anne's Lodge, Waltham Cross, N. O BE LET, on Lease, near Weybridge, about 3 acres of LAND, suitable for Nurseries, containing 10.800 super, feet Modern Glasshouses, fully heated an bet principle, and planted with Black Hamburgh, .Muscat of Alexandria, Gros Colmar and Alicante "Vines— mostly 4-vear old canes. Productive TomatoCropcanbe grown till Vines bear. Apply, Mr. G, MUNRO, Fruit Salesman, Covent Garden, W.C. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tubal Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. ORCHIDS THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have an immense stock, to which they an- constantly adding, and all are offered at the lowest possible prices. LISTS with Prices and particulars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34. Drapery, Northampton, Have a large Stock of the following particularly well-grown and good roots :— ARTICHOKES, Globe. ACACIA, Commin. 3 to 4 and 4 to5 feet. ASH, Common, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5. and 6 to 6 feet. ,, Mountain, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 feet. BEECH. Common, 1J to 2. 2 to 3, and 3 to 4 feet. BLACKTHORN, a very large stock. (Samples free). BROOM, White and Yellow, 2 to 3 feet. GORSE. Common, 1. 2, and 3-year. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet. LABURNUMS, 3 to 4. and 4 to 5 feet. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, nice bushy stuff. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. „ LARICIO, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. POPLARS, in variety, x to 10, and 10 to 12 feet. PRIVETT. Evergreen, 2} to 3J feet. SYCAMORE. 2 to 3 feet. THORN QUICKS, for Hedges, several millions. (Samples free). LAURELS. Caucasica, 2 to 3 feet. „ ROTUNDIFOLIA, IJ to 2, and 2 to 3 feel . „ Portugal. 1 to 1J. 1± to 2, and 2 to 2± feet. YEWS. English. 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to S feet. „ Irish, 2 to 3 feet. Special Prices on application. Telegrams—" PARAGON," Northampton. The Best Present for a Gardener. VINES and VINE CULTURE. T The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. Qd. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. (i{)0 good ROSES, in 24-size pots ; good for yjyjyj Forcing. Baroness de Rothschild, and others, in four sorts.— JOHN GARDENER, Woodlands Garden, Isle- worth, Middlesex. "MESSRS. DICKSON beg leave to intimate •"Jm that their CATALOGUE (No. 370) of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS has been Posted to their Customers. If not received, Messrs. Dickson will be pleased to send another Copv. Their newlv issued LIST of HERBACEOUS PLANTS will also be sent Gratis and Post-free on application. ROYAL NURSERIES AND SEED ESTABLISHMENT, CHESTER. THE NURSERY and SEED TRADE J- ASSOCIATION (Limited). RAILWAY RATES.— A Meeting of the Trades will be held on MONDAY, the 20th inst., at 5.30 P.M., at the " Hotel Windsor," Victoria Street, Westminster, to receive a Report as to the present position of this Enquiry, and for the purpose of considering what Evidence shall be given at the Enquiry on behalf of the Horticultural Trades. 25, Old Jewry, E.C. F. C. GOODCHILD, Secretary. " Now is the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FORKS'!' TRICES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS. &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, and having been grown in the vicinity of Loudon, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing idsworth Common. H ARTLAND'S 50 page "YEAR BOOK" of SEEDS for 1890. Within itself unique in the extreme. His " Book of Daffo- dils " has no rival in the United Kingdom. His " Book of Seeds "for 1890 is not like any other publication throughout the British Isles, and there are seeds and plants offered that no other house has yet attempted to offer. Send three stamps to cover postage, &c, and write for copy. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. 6d.t and 5s. per packet. Collections— SiDgle, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. 6d. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz.; choicest Mixed. 18s. perdoz. Order direct from us. to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING and SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. pARNATION, GLOIRE DE NANCY.— V> We are sending out our own strain, the grande-t white, clove-scented flower in cultivation ; flowers from 6 to 9 inches round ; for cutting, border, or conservatory decorations, it has no equal ; good strong rooted lavers. ready to pot up or plant out, 30s. for 100, 15s. for .SO, 8s. for 25. We have also a grand lot of the true OLD RED CLOVE layers (we never had better) at 20s. for 100, 10s. for 50. 6s. for 25 ; also a tine lot of the COUNTESS, bright terra cotta. and ROSY MORN, striped pink, at. 20s. for 100. And a grand lot of double white PRIMULA, in 5-inch pots, in flower and bud, at 10s. per doz.— COLLINS and SONS, Cumberland Park Nurseries. Willesd.-n Junction. W. Brocoll.— Good Sorts not Common in the Trade H ARTLAND'S "APRIL QUEEN." — Is a sterling Novelty from South of Ireland. Certainly one of the finest in cultivation ; ready for use during the months of April and May. The heads are of immense size, and the leaves, which are most abundant and peculiar in colour, form such a thorough protection that the outer appearance, before being stript, is that of a " high quality " Cabbage. It has been grown locally to great perfection— some heads weighing over 14 lb., from the very close protection — white as snow. In sealed packets, Is. 6d. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house, 24. Patrick Street. Cork. Wholesale, from HURST and SONS. Loudon. %* Year Book of Seeds for 1890 now ready. TO COMPETITORS, and alFwho require Seeds and Plants of the choicest and most reliable kinds, we offer to send our New CATALOGUE and Competitor's GUIDE (128 pages) gratis and Post-free. Ten Certificates ok Merit were awarded our strains of Vegetables at the Great Vegetable Conference held by the Royal Horticultural Society in 1889. Nine First-class Certificates and "Commendations of Strains " have been awarded by the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society during the last two years to our Florists' Flowers, most of them after trial at Chiswick. DOBBIE AND CO., Seed Growers aud Florists, Rothesay, Scotland. LILIUM AURATUM, home-grown flowering Bulbs, 6s. to 9s. per dozen ; a few extra, 12s. per dozen. AZALEA MOLLIS, Seedlings, mixed, good bushes, well set with buds, 6s. to 9s. per dozen. RHODODENDRONS, best named hardy varieties, 18s., 24s., 30s., to 40s.. per dozen ; Seedlings from the above, 1 to 1J foot, well budded, 6s. to 9s. per dozen. Sweet-scented and other Greenhouse kinds, 2s. 6d., 3s. 6 following, in quantities . — PEAS. ABUNDANCE AMERICAN WONDER BLUE I'ETER I'HAMI'ION OF ENGLAND DK'KsoNs I A\ OURITE FORTYFOLD I.I ri I.K OEM SANOSTER'S SELEl 1 1 ii STRA I'Ai.l' W TELEPHONE TOM Till Ml: ONIONS. ii DFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, SEED MERCHANTS, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON. WC. MMKNSK STOCK of rkably well-groth in London and the provinces, with great success. Price in Sealed Packets, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d., post-free. CARTERS' HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON . CHRYSANTHEMUMS- We ofler oue of the largest and richest collections ever grown ; ambraoing, as it dues, all the renowned Eng- lish. American, Continental, and Japanese Novelties. Cuttings post-free, our selection, 2s. per do/en ; 15*, per 100. Extra choice and new sorts, is. and 6s. p-jr dozen. Plants ready ahuut February. Orders booked now. A FEW SPECIALTIES. -You should send n I i.,-t-free-as we feel rare it will interest you. Iu it will be ■ lotions of several run- ami desir- ita that are not to be found In any other list; also, such beautiful, little-known species as "TIIK FOAM FXOWEB," " TBK \ . besides rack Novelties ii- the K.-l-.-v (Japan) Plum, Sec. CLIBRAN'S Ec'CHARIS MITE KILLER. gratis and post-free. Half-pints. Ij, Bd. ; pints, quarts, Is. (W. ; half-gallon, U. 8d. ; 1 gallou. 12*. W, THE INSECTICIDE of INSECTICIDES. —"Lemon OH" In -t ily forcing its way to the very foremost position amongst all In- icipal Gardeners and Ernneryinen use if, us fiiey tind it to be effectii '', and lafesf In the market. Pints, Is, 6d ; qu irts, 3», U . half gallons, 5j i gallons, ■■■<■; 4 gallon tins, 8jj. bay be pro. ured from most Seedsmen and Nurserymen; or from A BIG SALE, COMPULSORY UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, From St. John's College, Cambridge, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY, Must siill go on as many acres remain to be cleared. Ordinary Prices are superseded, and all engaged In Planting < Ipemtiona should come and see, or write for particulars. Hardy Evergreens, Fruit Trees Rhododendrons, &c. CHARLES NOBLE, Bag-shot. Purchasers must hook to Sunningdale Station, S.W. Rail. CIIIIIIHIIinillMIIIIIICIIIIIUIIIIIIIUMMIIIIIIIIIIMIUIIinilUIIMIllllllllllllllllllllina I PLANTING SEASON, 1 ■ ■ IBDILV-GROWN IPOREST, 3F"RUIT,| TREES'" &°PLANTS, 1 EVERGREENS, ROSES, &c. ( 1 NURSKRIES 4QO AOItF.S. 1 | VERY EXTENSIVE STOCK. Inspection Invited' | I Priced Catalogues Gratis &. Post Free. = 1 DlCKSONS "«S'«« J (unxuDj chesterJ IMMIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIMHIIMHIIIIMniNllli NEW WEBBS' " 'SENSATION' TOMATO. Flattish-round iu shape, perfectly smooth, of rich deep red colour, and the most delicious flavour; and, being large and handsome, it is of great value for the exhibition table. is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. per Packet, Post Free. VALUABLE' TESTIMONY. From Mr. Geo. Hawkins. Gardener to Col. Turberville, Evcenny Priory, Glamorganshire. " last year I grew your Tomato— Sensation— in pots, and it gave me such satisfaction that this year I grew it out of doors, in different places and aspects, and to my surprise it has done wonderfully well in every place. I never had a Tomato to fruit so freely, and such large fruit, with- out any thinning. I put fifteen plants on the wall outside one of our pits : the wall is 3 feet <6 indies high, and 50 feet long, "HI. a border only 9 inches wide. Mr. J. Muir. of Margam, called on the 6th of this month, and it quite surprised him to see such fruit— he told me to get a photo taken. I had gathered some ripe fruit, and I counted the remainder there were B70 fruit — and twelve of them weighed 8 lb. 10 oz." For particulars of Novelties and Specialties for 1890, see WEBBS'SPRINC CATALOGUE Post-free, Is., Gratis to Customers. WEBBsSONS.WORDSLEY.STOURBRIDGE SPECIAL CULTURE OE FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large ami Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of r ruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. GE0.JACKMAN&S0N beg to offer a large and well-grown stock of the following:— FRUIT TREES— Of the leading varieties suitable for Murk, t ■■•nd Private Gardens. ROSES -Choice and Exhibition Varieties, selected Standards and Dwarf*; also in puts fur forcing. RHODODENDRONS— Of the best named sorts, well set with buils; also Hybrid, Seedling, and Ponticum, lor shrubbery and covert planting. CONIFERS— A Large Collection for Lawns and Pleasure Grounds. SHRUBS "rnumental nnd Flowering, adapted for Belts, Shrubberies, Screens, &c. TREES— Ornamental and Flowering, for Parks, Arenuts, street-, and Private Gardens. FOREST TREES— For Coverts, Screens, &c, all grown by thousands. CLIMKERS-Iu large variety for Walls, Trellises, Rockwork, &c„ including their celebrated Clematis. O. .1. & Son have also to offer a NEW CLEMATIS "-MRS. BARON VEILLARD " -a hand- some variety of the Jackmanii type. It is a vigorous grower, bearing a profusion of distinct light lilac rose flowers, of medium size, from July to October. It can be highly recommended for its good qualities, and should be added to every collection. Price on application. LANDSCAPE GARDENING— A leading feature. Plans made and Est i mates given for Laying-out Estates, Public Parks, Cemeteries, Private Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds, The New Descriptive and Priced CATALOGUE, free on application. WOKING NURSERY, WOKTNO, SURREY. 68 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janoaet 18, 1890. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest ami most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. |237 and 238, HlOH HoLBOBX, London, W.C. UST BE SOLD.— CCELOGYNE CRIS- TATA. the Chatsworth and other varieties, well-grown with bloom spikes, and very cheap.— TRUSTEES of the late J. STEVENSON, Timperley. Cheshire. E. DIXON'S " PRESIDENT CARNOT " • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per pa ket for season 1890. The following testimonial (one of miuy similar) has been received from — Mr. Ge iKtif. S1.MMIF8, Gardener to the Earl of Scarbrough : — " De .r sik, — I lave grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprout nv Mi.- ^<'e of several other well-known varieties, and have c >m-* to he conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety gm>« n " Loa ion Wholesale Agents:— HURST AND SON. 152.Hounds- ditch, E. ; COOPER, TABER AND CO. (Limited), 90, South- wark Street, Borough, S.E. JOHN ETHERfNGTON DLXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. LILIES and ORCHIDS.— An immense stock of recently imported Plants, compels a sale of the Estab- lished Plants to make room. They have not yet flowered, but are all flowering plants, and must be sold at a great sacrifice. Very valuable varieties are certainly to be obtained, and great bargain- ; see public journals for high prices recently obtained. The special offer affords a paying investment to anyone with glass at command, which should not be overlooked. Such plants may never again be offered to the public and trade. My first consignments of LtLHTM AURATUM have arrived, prices id., 6d., 9d., 1«„ and Is. 6d. each; per 100, 30s., 35s., lbs., 55s., and 70s. Liberal allowance to the Trade. Apply for CATALOGUE to W. GORDON. The Nurseries. Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. LARCH FIRS.— 20,000, 3 to 4 feet high; 20,000, 4 to 6 feet high, extra strong, twice trans- planted, specially good, and are offered cheap to clear. Large quantities of strong FOREST TREES, including Ash, Oak, Beech, Hornbeam, Spruce Firs, and Austrian Pines to offer. COVERT Plants, Laurels, Evergreen Privet, Tree Box. Ber- beris, and strong Quicks, of which samples may be had, and Priced CATALOGUE free by post. R. TUCKER, Nurseries. Faringdon, Berks. PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Cootiuent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion : Prices extremely moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. ■T. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries. Notts. CHRYSANTHEMUM, ALPHEUS HARDY. Very strong plants, can be topped for Cuttings, 3s. Gd. each, 36s. per dozen ; smaller, but strong plants, 2s. Gd. each, 28s. per dozen. A. J. A. BRUCE, The Nurseries, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS A SPECIALTY. True stram and extra fine, in five septntc colours— Purple, Scarlet, White. Crimson, and White Wallflower-leaved— each colour Is., 2s. Gd., and 5s. per packet. Mr. Glen, The Gardens. Brambletye, writes :— " Please send me five packets East Lothian Stocks. I must say that your strain of East Lothian Stocks is the finest I hav <■ ^•-•■n anywhere. When I was at Wentworth the beds of East Lothian Stocks supplied by you were admired by every one who saw them. We had upwards of 80 per cent, of double flowers." Mr. Baillif, The Gardens, Luton Hoo Park, writes:— " The East Lothian Stocka from you were excellent. The white, purple and crimson exceptionally fine. Many spikes were over 18 inches long and densely clothed with bloom." Mr. Lamont, The Gardens, Kennet House, writes : — " Please send me four packets East Lotliian Stocks. This year I have the finest I ever had. They are the admiration of every one who see them. The whites are over 90 per cent, doubles, which could not be better." All other seeds of the same first-class quality only, notably the following, all saved from my own world - renowned collections : — PANSIES. show and fancy. Is., 2s. Gd., and 5s. per packet. PENTSTEMONS, \s. and 2s. Gd, per packet. ANTIRRHINUMS, Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet. MIMULUS, 1*. and 2s. tjd. per packet. AURICULA, Alpine, 2s. Gd. per packet. ,, Stage, 2s. Gd. and 5s. per packet. PRIMULAS, each colour, Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet. OINFRARIA. Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet. COCKSCOMB, extra grand competition strain. 2s. Gd. per pkt. BEGONIAS, Single, ls.6rf. ; ditto donble, 2s. Gd. per packet. Mr. Anderson, The Gardens, Abbotrule, writes: —"You will be pleased to hear that your seeds have done so well that I have not one sdngle failure." CATALOGUES now ready and post-free on application. JOHN FORBES, NURSERYMAN, HAWICK, SCOTLAND. HENRY GANNELL & SONS' CARRIAGE PA °er-t„ ■ T" "SH GROWN 5«.— vtr • OUR NEW CATALOGUES of PLANTS and SEEDS, Indeed EVERYTHING for the Garden, have been posted to our Customers, and we shall be pleased to also send them to all who contemplate purchasing Plants and Seeds. They convey information of the greatest possible value; no other work of this description bears any comparison. FOl'R COLOURED PLATES and SIX HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS. Being located in Kent, our Plants and Seeds will be found very superior, and give the greatest pleasure, as we possess the finest strains in the world. KENTISH SEEDS PERFECT ONLY direct from H. CANNELI/& SONS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to nearly all the Royal Families and " Seals" in the World. SWANLEY, KENT. SELECT VEGETABLE & Flower SEEDS Saed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. Best Qualities Only. Prices most Moderate. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370, Post Free on application. 1 fYf1 UrQnKFQl,Rrl 1 '..' j i^" -. imperi.il size, of beautifully printed letter-preas, nod upwards of 170 fine Wood Engravings, 2 splendidly finished Ooloured Plates, original articles on llu Rearing of Flowers from Seed and Culture of Garden Crop*, a fine and SelWt I-i-t »f rhoico Kitchen Gnrden mid Flower Seeds. Seed Potato*. Florist Flowers, Lilies. Gladioli. Roses. Sec, and all the Imp .rtmit Novelties of the Season. This will be found incomparably the beet and most oomprehen&iTfl Garden Catalogue yet Bent out. Price Is., Post-free. To be deducted from Order when sending. DANIELS BR03., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISHMENT, GOLD MEDAL '."" original CATALOGUE in the Trade. certainly the best. Post-free toevery Terms appli ETery Gardener should «'•' tins i.i.t, because u number of rxmihti^ly ^<„..i things can only be had from us. W'r rery urgently Indeed press gardener, to write for this List. The New Japanese Primulas, the most startllngly remarkable IIuvmts ev.r rused in tliis group". Deatfred ta !»■ ns gem-rally known as Primula sinensis. Most highly • \ery horticultural paper, and by the 7t'mei and London Press. Three Medals in three weeks. These are of such very special character, and will be so much talked of Ibis spring, that every lover of choice flowers .hould are on • full account of them in Catalogue. Gold Medal for Tuberous Begonlas.-The cheapest ru the trade. Every lover of good Begonias should see our List. We huve teen delightfully successful, and our strain is grand beyond all description. Seeds that Give Satisfaction.— Our great strength as a seed firm, and the eaose of the extraordinary growth Of our business, is ihe splendid quality of our strains of flowe'S, and Ihe from rank reputation we have forExhibi- ables. £60 la Prizes and Two Medals are offered by us to our customers only, on so ingenious a plan that all can Compete on fair and equal terms, wherever they may reside. All who can grow things weil should see our Catalogue. The best proof of our confidence that our terms and prices are of l he best is that we send our Grand. Illustrated, Descriptive, Full Cultural note CATALOGUE, Post-free to ery appli RYDER & SON, SEED MERCHANTS, SALE, MANCHESTER. WILLIAMS' NOVELTIES for 1890. WILLIAMS' NEW VEGETABLE, EARLEYS HARDY CURLED SPROUT. This new variety was raised by Mr. William Enrlev.ol Il'ord. from whom we have secured the entire stock of tliisv, table Vegetable. He describes it as follows:— "A eron between the Brussel Sprouts and Kale. Scotch Curled. The latter wns crossed with Ilrussel Sprout pollen. This has produced a robust variety with true Brussel Sprout habit, the foliage b^ing mid- way between the two parents. Per Packet, 2j. 63. WILLIAMS' NEW ORNAMENTAL-LEAVED BEET. (McGregor's favourite.) Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Hort ; cultural Society, September 25, 1888. The leaves are of a rich, bronzy-crimson colour, uarrow, arching, als.nl i, to 8 in hes long, and fold inwards, resembling in habit a narrow-leaved Dracaena. Per Packet, Is. WILLIAMS' NEW PRIMULA/'FIRE-FLY. i-double variety, ("what more ii tense i true from seed, and w •vatory decoration. P The colour is of a deep i shade than " Meteor." 11 be found most service- r Packet, Ss. 6d. WILLIAMS NEW PRIMULA, " EMPRESS. This is a very fine semi-double variety. The colour is delicate pink, of a very pleasing tone. Per Packet, 3j. 6 Messrs. WATSON and SCULL, to Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. CHARLES SHARPE AND CO., SLEAFOED. Charles Shaium: & Co.'s Illustrated Des- criptive SEEL) LIST for 1890, has been Posted to all our Customers, and a Copy will he sent Post-free on application. NOVELTIES. SHARPE'S "VICTORY" PEA, 2s, 6d. per pint packet. 1 EMPRESS," 3s. per quart packet. 1 QUEEN," 3s. per quart packet. SIR F. A. MILBANKY quart packet. 1 TRIUMPH," -Js. per quart packet. 'PARAGON," 2*. per quart packet. STANDARD" POTATO, ti/. pound. VICTOR" ,, 4*. per stone. DUKE OF ALBANY," do., 3*. per stone, •MONARCH" BROCCOLI, Is. 6d. per packet. STANDARD " CABBAGE, Is. per pel per pa iket, •STANDARD" BRUSSELS SPROUTS, 1«. <;■/. per packet. ' EPICUREAN " CUCUMBER. 2».per packet. For full description see Sharpe't SEED LIST for 1890, "Post-free on application. SHARPE'S SPECIAL COLLECTIONS OF GARDEN SEEDS. The best assorted and the most liberal collections offered. 10 63», .2* :«>*. 1 6». ,ed. For a Large Garden ' Ditto (quantities proportion- ately reduced.) For a Small Garden For a Cottage Garden For a Cottager's or Artizan's Garden The Combination Collection of Vegetable and Flower Seeds and Potatos £1 CHARLES SHARPE & CO.'S SPECIAL COLLECTION for EXHIBITION contains all their best Exhibition Varieties of Veget- able Seeds for exhibition, 5s., Post-free. CHARLES SHARPE and CO. offer Valu- able Prizes at many Floral and Horticultural Exhibitions during 1890, for particulars of which see their Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE for 1800, Gratis and Post-free. CHARLES SHARPE & SEED MERCHANTS, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. CO., New Edition, THE COTTAGERS CALENDAB of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free S|aT. IT. RICH AMDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, Us. 6d. 'THE GARDENERS' CHRON I c r.E, ' Vol. VI., Third Series. JULY to LEC, 183:'. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. . THE SATURDAY, JANUARY 18, 1890. A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. I THINK you could hardly have commenced ■*- the new year with a more important subject for discussion than that raised by Mr. Thiselton Dyer. For my own part I think that though a great deal of what he says is perfectly true, yet that such opinions, coming from such a source, are likely to do much more harm than good to the gardeners, who would naturally look for inspi- ration to the Director of the largest, the best cul- tivated, and the most liberally conducted botanic gardens in the world. It seems to me that a knowledge of the climatic conditions under which plants grow is of the greatest assistance in guiding the cultivator of any new or little known plant ; and though it is too often the case that from imperfect knowledge of the locality and range of the plant, or of the climate of that locality during the whole year, such information leads to mistakes, which are corrected by the empirical knowledge of other cultivators igno- rant of these facts, yet this seems to prove only that a little knowledge is a dangerous thing. Mr. Dyer says, " We grow Pleiones pretty suc- cessfully at Kew, yet we have Sir J. Hooker's testimony to the fact that our treatment is widely different from anything that the plants receive in the Himalayas.'' On this point I thiak further detail is necessary, because I have seen Pleiones at all seasons, both on the Himalayas and at Kew, and I cannot follow him. He goes on to say, "The real fact is, that the plant as it occurs in nature, tells us but little of its innate qualities. These it may, unaided, never be able to take advantage of, and they can only be revealed by experiment. The con- stitution of the individual species, I am disposed to consider singularly inelastio, and bounded by limits which are not readily brokon down when reached. But it is evident in a etate of nature, they are \ ery frequently not reached" I am 72 THE GA R DENE R ;S" CHE ONI CLE. [January 18, 1890. very glad to see that he makes use of the word "constitution," as applied to plants, because I have always contended that the word constitution may be applied with just as much propriety, and in exactly the same sense to plants, as it is applied to animals or men. Professor Huxley, in a paper on the Gen- tians, published in the Journal of the Linnean Society in 1888, vol. xxiv., Botany, p. 123, says,— " We are very much in the habit of tacitly assuming that because certain plants and certain animals exist under certain climatal conditions, there is something in what we vaguely call the constitution of the plants or animals which binds them to these conditions, and renders it impos- sible for them to live elsewhere. I wish we could get rid of this word constitution, for I take it to be one of the many verbal anodynes by which the discomfort of ignorance is dulled. If it means anything definite, it means that there is some morphological or physiological impedi- ment to the existence of the plant or animal outside the denned conditions, and our business is to find out what that impediment is." At the time I read this remarkable sentence, I discussed it with three of the most eminent botanists and travellers whom I know — namely, Sir Joseph Hooker, the late Professor A. Gray, and Professor Sargent, of Boston, U. S. A., and found that they all agreed with me that no other word was so well suited as the word " constitution " to express the fact stated by Professor Huxley, and that it would be as difficult to find out what the impediment was, as it is for physicians to find out what is the reason why some members of a family, some families of a nation, and some nations of the human race are born with constitutions which enable them to resist, or to thrive under conditions which destroy or weaken other individuals, families, or races, not gifted by Nature with the same con- stitutions. As Mr. Dyer makes use of the word in the same sense as I do, I presume that he would not agree with Professor Huxley ; but to say that the constitution of individual species gene- rally is singularly inelastic, is to say what neither my horticultural experience nor my observations in other countries will allow me to concur in, the constitutions of many species being, I think, as elastic as those of many animals or men. Mr. Dyer quotes the remarks of John Smith [primus], as follows : — " In our experience we have never found any plant thrive by retaining it in its native soil, or in soil too closely resembling it." Here is another half truth which I think would be most detrimental to horti- culture if generally accepted and acted upon. 1 will give two instances to the contrary. I was informed by the late Mr. Leech, of Wands- worth, who was, I believe, the first, or one of the first, to cultivate successfully Disa grandi- flora, that he had never succeeded with it until he grew it in the same black sandy peat as that in which it was imported, and until he imitated as nearly as possible, by placing it in an airy position and constantly syringing it, the dimp atmosphere of the ravines in which it grows on its native Table Mountain. As long as he tried to grow it under the same conditions as other Cape bulbs and orchids which grow only a few miles away from the same spot, he utterly failed. I have never been able to growCypripedi um spectabile and other N. American Orchids nearly so well as when I received them direct from Mr. Tringle, of Vermont, in large masses of their native decaying wood and sphagnum, and imitated as closely as possible the exact conditions under which they grow naturally, I distinctly re* member handing over to the late Charles Green — who must be allowed to have been one of the most successful cultivators of difficult plants in England — some of the strongest speci- mens of these Orchids to grow as best he could by empirical knowledge, the result being that his plants flowered weakly and soon died, whilst mine remained, until their constitution was enfeebled by English summers, in a flourishing condition. What gardeners have been too often com- pelled to put up with are at best imperfect, mis- leading, or incorrect accounts of the conditions under which plants grow naturally ; and unsuc- cessful attempts to imitate natural conditions which cannot be imitated have no doubt led to many failures, and have caused skilful cultivators to rely rather on their empirical knowledge than on such information as they get from unscientific and inaccurate collectors or residents in foreign countries. But I will maintain that, in this particular point of cultivation, the most success will be gained by a combination of botanical or scientific, and horticultural or practical knowledge. When I speak of botanical knowledge, I speak perhaps of something different from what is now in fashion, for it seems to me that the subordina- tion of a knowledge of geographical distribution, variation, and systematic work, to a knowledge of physiological botany, which appears to be the tendency of modern botanical teachers ; is cal- culated to disgust rather than to attract would- be students ; and to check rather than to advance the spread of the most useful kind of botanical knowledge among gardeners. It may be pos- sible for men like Professor Huxley or Mr. Dyer to study with advantage the morpho- logical or physiological reasons for the existence of plants under certain conditions only, but I do not think it is possible for the working gardener, or even the botanical student of ordinary ability to do so. A really accurate knowledge of the climatal conditions and physical geography of all parts of the world, and of the distribution of families, genera, and species is much more easy to acquire and to apply, than a knowledge of the physiology and structure of plants ; and is, when properly applied, likely to be of the greatest value to the gardener, not only in the mere details of cultivation, but by giving him a much greater interest in, and love of, the plants hi- grows. In conclusion, I can only hope that this subject may be discussed by gardeners who have travelled, as well as by those who have stayed at home. //. J. Elwes, Preston, Cirencester. I liave read Mr. Dyer's two very able papers on plant culture and the relations of botany to gardening with great interest, and in thank- ing him as a gardener for his observations, I should like to add a few words on a subject in which so many amateurs, as well as prac- tical gardeners are now interested. Were I quite sure of the exact meaning of the words and phrases as used by Mr. Dyer, I feel certain we should be in entire unison on this subject. Mr. Dyer may be partly in the right when he tells us that — " Horticul- ture is essentially an empirical art," but is it true that — " Botanical science can afford but little a priori information as to the cultural conditions which any plant will require or will tolerate ? " True in part it is undoubtedly, but that it is not wholly true will be acknowledged by any one who has studied, or will study, Lindley's Theory and, Practice of Horticulture, a work nowadays obsolete in many matters of detail, no doubt, but one in which the very first principles of gardening an- enshrined. I fully grant that, while gardening may be to some extent empirical, it has been aided most materially by botanical science, and is being aided by workers in almost all the other so-called natural sciences to-day. In a word, I think the Editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle was fully justified in considering Mr. Dyer's statements above given as being " too abso- lute." Granted that the gardener's art is empirical, and granted that he feels his way as described (on p. 16), in what way does the gardeners' problem differ from that of a doctor on a foreign shore who has to treat a sick native, when neither doctor nor native can understand a word of each other's conversation? Experience of similar or analogous cases is all that either doctor or gardener can fall back upon after all. As to the culture of Trichomanes of the T. crispum group, if their hairy rhizomes are covered up or buried in any earth whatever, they rarely do so well as if their rhizomes are placed on the surface of the soil and held in position by lumps of soft sandstone, so that I do not wonder at Mr. Back- house's Trichomanes failing when planted in "an almost clay soil.' Again, there is that well- known habit of the roots of Cattleyas and other Orchids which so often, even if not invariably, decay if replanted deeply in fresh compost, but which live and thrive if the fresh compost is placed so that the new roots naturally thrust them- selves into it when they protrude from the base of their new growth. When we are told that " Nature is, at the best, a very poor gardener," we must remember, or at least not forget, that, as a rule, she carries matters far past the point at which the gardener stays his hand. Nature's main point and strong point, where she is most successful, is repro- duction by seeds. She fights a hard battle, and on her own lines has to do far more than the cultivator is generally called upon to do. How often it occurs in the garden that the vegetative organs of the plants cultivated are those all essential to the gardener or his employer? How rarely in the case of hothouse plants, indeed, of garden plants generally, the com- plete cycle of a plant's existence as a sexual creation is fulfilled ? In Nature, nearly all plants must either seed or die. They often must do many other things besides, but seed- ing is the most essential charter on which their existence is irrevocably staked. My own experience of Phahenopsis and other tropical Orchids is prac- tically this : Their flowers are rarely, if ever, seen wild, so beautiful, so perfect, so floriferous as seen in British hothouses. But this does not imply that the plants are less robust and healthy, since the con- trary is decidedly the case. The flowering Orchid of a tropical forest is buffeted by drenching rains or rude winds, and the native insects visit and fertilise a large proportion of their flowers as soon as ever they are perfectly developed, so that they often pre- sent a woebegone and bedraggled appearance to the eye of a glass-house cultivator. In the Orchid- house at home there is no wind, no rain, no fer- tilising insect, and every bloom on the spikes opens pure and spotless, and endures fresh and lovely for a long time in expectation of that little winged mes- senger of love, the fertilising insect that rarely or never comes ! The Kew Pleiones, good as they were from a vegetative, or gardener's point of sight, and in this way surpassing native specimens, no doubt, f.uled at a point where Nature is most exacting. They did not seed at Kew as they do on the mossy tree trunks or rocks of the Himalayas ! In a word, I so far agree that cultivation and Nature do sometimes deal with problems which have scarcely anything in common. As to the power of toleration or adaptation to climate possessed by plants, we know how small it often really is, and have only to remember the many failures that have attempted what has been mis-called acclimatisation. But if a plant is hardy enough to seed in the open air when brought to these islands, we may generally expect some of the seedlings to be hardier than their parent, just as some of them will or may be hardier than others, and so some progress in a given direc- tion is often gained. Experience, observation, cross- fertilisation, and selection, have long since, and can after all, do wonders in the garden, " empirical" as such operations may be ! Seeing the results attained by such empirical gardeners as Dominy, Court, Seden, Laxton, Kelway, Cannell, Laing, Swan, and many others, I think we may fairly take Mr. Dyer's advice, and "not be deterred by botanical preposses- sions." The propagator who successfully grafted the Garrya on to the shoots of the Aucuba, evidently was not troubled by any botanical con- siderations of the kind referred to, and the same might be said of the raisers of the so-called bigeneric Orchids and other plants now in existence. I am anxious to mention these so-called bigeneric hybrids, because they show that inelastic as such genera may be in nature they are less so in the cultivators' hands. Of course the cultivator can never create, he can merely give plants in a garden more variety— more January 18, 1890.] TEE GAHDEXER& CHRONICLE. 73 chances of development, than they have had in the forest or the field. I cannot agree that the constitutions of individual species are singularly in- elastic, since we know that even in Nature they often overstep their bounds, a fact the botanist disguises by giving different specific names to groups of indi- viduals which biologically are merely developments or phases of the same plant. Wide as may be the meaning of the word "species" as used by the lumpers of to-dav. it will assume a much more com- prehensive character if read by the light of a biological lamp lit in a good experimental gar- den. Instinct is after all a great gift ; and one of almost prophetic importance, in those gardeners who, like some poets " are born " and " not made." I mean men like Knight, the late Dean Herbert, and many others who, like Darwin, were fond of experimenting with the living forces of Nature in the garden. After reading Mr. Dyer's two papers with great delight, I must say the moral to be drawn from them is a good one, and one that will recommend itself to all gardeners, instinc- tive, "empirical,'' or otherwise. It is this: If botanical science cannot assist the gardener as to the a priori cultural conditions necessary for him to employ in particular case or cases, it seems quite natural that the gardeners should be left to carry on their own work in their own way ! Personally, I have received much assistance from botanists of all grades, and from the published works of Lindley, Masters, Moore, Knight, Herbert, not to mention many others all men of the jardinier botdnute type, even if not botanists proper; and I do not like the idea of kicking down the ladder up which I have climbed. In conclusion, I feel sure 1 am right in saying that all the more intelligent of gardeners will always welcome the brightest and best of light and leading, come from whom or whence it may. F. W. Burbidge. New or Noteworthy Plants. CTPRIPBDIUM BUCHANANIANUM x. Hort. Measures. This is a hybrid raised in the collection of R. II. Measures, Esq., of Streatham, from C. Druryi, crossed with C. Spicerianum, and of which a flower and leaf have just been received at Kew. I am not aware that its characters have been before placed on record. The upper sepal is very broadly orbicular, the colours white, suffused with light yellow, a few purple splashes near the base, and a narrow dark purple median band. Petals light yellowish-grey, the upper margin undulate, and the same half of each petal bears several narrow purple-brown stripes ; towards the i licilh upper and lower halves, are numerous purple Bpots. The lip is yellowish-grey behind, and has the same colour suffused with purple-brown in front, and it is densely spotted with purple inside. It has generally much of the shape of 0. Spiceria- iiiiiii. The itaminode, too, much resembles that of the same parent, although it is rather flatter; the colour is light purple, with a yellow centre. The characters of the pollen-parent preponderate every- where, the most obvious character derived from C. Druryi being a decided trace of the yellow colour peculiar to that plant. It is certainly an attractive plant, and Mr. Measures writes me that he considers it, together with C. Cytherax and C. Herax (also received about the same time), as three of the best he has yet raised. R. A. Jio/fc. CyI'KIPKDIUM CVTHF.RA < , ». hl/b. A very pretty little plant, raised in the collection of K. 11. Measures, Esq., of Streatham, between C. Spicerianum and ('. purpuratum, the latter being the pollen parent. In general character it most re- sembles the mother plant, but in size it more nearly approaches the pollen parent. Singularly enough, the leaves are quite green, without any trace of tes- selation— quite the reverse of what usually takes place when one parent belongs to the tesselated group ; yet I believe the parentage is correctly given. The flower, like the whole plant beside, is small and neat, being only ■'! inches in expanse. The upper sepal is very broadly ovate, with a broad dark purple median band, the base purple-brown, running into a clear purple suffusion above, and finally into a broad white margin. The petals are light purple-brown above, and pale green near the base, with numerous small purple-brown spots ; there is also a narrow median band of the same colour. The lip is small, pallid behind, and a little suffused with light purple in front; the interior is suffused with purple in front, and much spotted with the same colour behind. The staminode is much like that of C. Spicerianum, pale purplish, with a yellow centre, and a few green markings on the same. It is a very neat little plant, with bright and attractive colours. It would perhaps be desirable to infuse the dwarf habit of C. purpuratum into other hybrid Cypripedia, if this could be done without sacrificing other characters. E. A. Rolfe. Hybrid Calanthes. The raising of Calanthe Veitchii X, from C. vestita and C. rosea, was a veritable horticultural triumph, and the forerunner of a race of very hand- some and useful autumn-flowering plants. We have now a white-flowered form, though I do not know exactly in what way it was obtained. C. labrosa is another species of the same section which has been utilised for hybridisation purposes, and which has given rise to two or three handsome hybrids. These have been again recrossed, in various ways, with each other and with C. Regnierii, which per- haps is little more than a distinct variety of C. vestita, the result being a series of closely allied, but very handsome garden plants. I fear that the origin of some of these has not been carefully recorded, which is unfortunate, but in any case it is clear that they will have to be considered as florists' flowers in the near future. Four very handsome forms have just been sent to Kew by C. Winn, Ksq., Selby Hill, near Birmingham, though I am not sure how far they differ from pre-existing I 'orms. The first is said to be from C. Regnieri crossed with C. rosea, and thus should be very near C. Veitchii X (C. Regnieri taking the place of C. vestita), yet it is much more like one of the forms ol C. vestita, both in shape and colour— perhaps, because the characters of C. rosea are nearly obliterated. The three others were raised from C. Regnieri crossed with C. Veitchii superba, ami all from the same seed-pod, the seed being sown in May, 1886. No. 1 is of a bright rose colour, the segments shading off a little towards the apex, and the throat of a darker shade. No. 2 is paler, and the segments shade off more distinctly towards the apex into pale blush. No. '.'< is nearly white, the lip being faint blush, with a rosy throat and column. All of them are large-flowered and beautiful, but it is clear that if each must receive a distinctive name it Bhould only be a fancy one, for they are as surely becoming florists' flowers as are tuberous- rooted Begonias, and some other plants which have only been taken in hand by the hybridist during recent years. Perhaps the nomenclature committee of the Royal Horticultural Society will recognise this fact, and shape its recommendations accord- ingly. Nothing but confusion can result from a con- trary course. Already we have a Calanthe rosea (a wild species) and a C. rosea X (a hybrid— at least so we are informed in these columns at p. 43), and it is quite time something was done to prevent such con- fusion occurring too frequently. Returning for a moment to Mr. Winn's hybrids, it is very interesting to note how different are the three forms from the same seed-pod, and it appears there are three others whose flowers are not yet expanded. I am also informed that one of the plants flowered in the winter of 1888—9, which is a remarkably short period, from the time of sowing the seed. R. A. Rolfe. Plant Notes. NYMPILEA VERSICOLOR or N. DAU- BENYANA. Tuts, no doubt, is a form of N, stellata, and which is as far as I am acquainted with the genus, the most floriferous of all. With us it was the first of the season to open its flowers, which are delightfully fragrant, and it has been flowering without inter- mission from that time to the present time of writing. It is a readily distinguished variety, from its habit of bearing young plants from the centre of each, and while visiting last autumn the garden of Chatsworth, I noticed amongst their very effective collection, plants bearing young ones upon their leaves which were bearing flowers, while still attached to the parent plant, making a very striking effect, the flowers averaging about the size of a two shilling or half-crown piece. The flowers are of a lightish blue with a tinge of red, leaves detached from the plant and pegged on to a pot of soil, soon become established and commence to flower, and in this stage of growth they make neat specimens for small aquariums, or may even be grown in inverted bell glasses. W. Harrow. Jacobinia COCCINEA. This plant is seldom seen in cultivation, although it was introduced as long ago as 1770 from South America, and received at one time a good share of attention. For a long time it went in gardens under the name of Aphelandra cristata, though upon examining the structure of the flower this mistake became evident, for while Aphelandra has four stamens and one-celled anthers, the plant in ques- tion has but two stamens, with two-celled anthers. It is a beautiful flowering stove plant for the winter. The scarlet flowers are produced in terminal spikes, and the plant varies in height at the time of flower- ing according to the time of year when the plants were propagated. It is a good p.an to take cuttings at three or four different times, from March onwards, and by so doing a double purpose is served, the plants being of different heights, and the blooming period much extended. Cuttings root freely in a gentle bottom-heat under a bell-glass in about ten days to a fortnight. When rooted they should be potted into a loamy mixture, and placed near to the glass to prevent drawing, giving them an occasional syringing during the day. From these pots they may be put into their flowering pots, viz, 48's. or 32s, using the loam in a more turfy condition growing them on in a warm pit or frame, and as they advance in growth a dose of weak liquid manure may occasionally be given, or some C.ay's fertiliser and guano mixed together scattered over the surface of the soil. They should not by any means be stopped, or the heads of flowers will be weak and unsatisfactory. The ins> eta which infest the plant, scale and mealy bug, should be removed before the plants come into bloom. II '. Harrow. Begonia socotrana. It is impossible fur this winter-flowering species to become too widely known and grown in gardens. It is very distinct in habit, and beautiful in aspect, bearing numerous bright rose-coloured flowers, which last a long time in perfection. The male flowers measure some 2 inchps in diameter, and the females are smaller. A full-grown leaf averages some 7 inches in diameter, is of a thickish texture dark green, with a funnel-shaped depression in the centre ; the veins are prominent below, and hairy, as are the petioles, which are stout. At the base of the stems numerous bulbils are formed, from which the plant is readily propagated. The height of the plants at the time of flowering measures some 12 inches. Unlike the majority of Begonias, this requires resting during the summer, which is be6t done by keeping the plants dry. Daring the month of September or October the plants should be examined, repotted, if the soil is exhausted, in a mixture of good yellow loam and sand and leaf-soil starting them in a warm-house, keeping them while growing as near the glass as possible, and shading, them from bright sunshine, giving an occasional syringe overhead during the day. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cambridge. 74 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [January 18, 1890. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GAR- DENING. (Continued from p. 687, vol. in.) Near the end of Henry VIII's reign, the royal palace of Nonsuch, near Ewell, in Surrey, was built, and the gardens, which were justly celebiated in later times, laid out. " The palace," writes an old chroni- cler describing Nonsuch, " is so encompassed with parkes full of deer, delicious gardens, groves orna- mented with trellis-work, cabinets of verdure, and walks so embowered by trees, that it seems to be a place pitched upon by Pleasure herself to dwell in along with Health." The residence was designed by an Italian architect, and the gardens were in all pro- bability laid out under the direction of the same individual. They do nut, however, appear to have been designed in the purely Italian style, but they decidedly show traces of Italian influence. They may be described as a combination of that style with the old English ; the ground plan was essentially English, the ornaments, statues, vases, and pyramids of marble, Italian. No vestige of the original palace or of the gardens now remain, but two contemporary descriptions * have been preserved, from which a fairly accurate idea of what the gardens were like can be formed. " The house," we read in one of these descriptions, was "one fayre, stronge, and large structure or building of freestone of two large stories high, well wrought and battled with stone, and covered with slate." The terrace in front of the palace was " rayled with stronge and handsomerayles, and ballasters of freestone," which " added much to the beautv of the house." Before this terrace, and " about eighty yards distance from the same, was a neate and handsome bowling-green, lying muchwhat upon a square, and rayled with good postes, railes and lattices of wood." The Privy Gardens were situated at the back of the palace, and were " com- passed round with a brick wall of fourteen foot highe, and cut and divided into several alleys, quarters, and rounds, set about with thorne hedges." They also contained "many columns and pyramids of marble, two fountains that spurt water one round the other like a pyramid, upon which are perched small birds that stream water out of their bills." The " Grove of Diana," mentioned so frequently in after times, was also planted in Henry VIII.'s reign; it was situated to the west of the Privy Gardens, and formed one of the favourite resorts of the "bluff monarch " in his latter years. It contained " a very agreeable fountain with Actason turned into a sta?. as he was Bprinkted by the goddess and her nymphs." There was also in this grove "a pyramid of marble full of concealed pipes which spurt upon all that come near." Dunns H-nrv VIII.'s reign, several other fine gardens were laid out in this country by the great monarch's suhjects. Indeed, it was but natural that the courtiers of such a king should vie with each other in erecting sumptuous houses and laying out beautiful gardens in the provinces where they were seated. Wolsey laid out the gardens at Hampton Court, at Battersea.t and at York House (afterwards Whitehall) ; Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, in his palace and gardens at Thornbury, in Glou- cestershire, almost rivalled the cardinal, and perhaps might have done so entirely if he had not been hurried to the scaffold before they were fully com- pleted. The gardens adjoining the castle at Grims- thorpe, in Lincolnshire, were laid out under the direction of the Duke of Suffolk, and those at Kenninghall, Norfolk, and at Mount Surrey, near Norwich, by the Earl of Surrey.} Numbers of gardeners were necessarily employed to keep • See Hentzner's Travels, published 1593, p. 277, and ArchtcO- logta,vo\.v.,v 459. t Brewer's Letters and Papers of the reign of Henry I ///., vol. ii. No. 1369. T I omitted to mention whilst enumerating the royal C ,'r lens helongi 112 to llenrv VIII. .Hint situated within the walls of the Tower of London. The "keeper" of this garden re- , mliW a day in wntres (Brewer's Letters and Papers, t\c., vol i No. 1888. Another roval garden is mentioned in the /.■ .'. nf Payment! of Henry VIII, for 1518. It was situated at Wood 'lurk'. in order these old Tudor gardens, and the accounts of this period which have been pre- served show that they were not ill-paid. A head- gardener's salary at this time averaged between £3 and £10 per annum. Under-gardeners received generally about 3s. the week, and common labourers 3d. or id. the day.* Numbers of the rural community were also em- ployed in market gardening. Extensive gardens for the cultivation of vegetables and fruits for the market were very common, and if we may judge from some of the accounts which have been handed down to us, this branch of gardening was exceedingly profitable. There is an account, for instance, of a cherry-orchard of thirty-two acres, situated at Tey- ham, in Kent, which in the year 1510 produced fruit that sold for £1000— an immense sum in those early days.t This orchard belonged to a certain " Harris, gardener," and it was also celebrated for its produce in later times, for Drayton thus alludes to it in his Polyolbion : — " Rich Tenham undertakes thy closet to suffice With cherries." Song xviii. Market gardens for the supply of vegetables for town consumption were usually situated a little distance out of London ; some, however, were planted out in the heart of the city itself. Thus Stowe, in his Survey of London^ tells us that " about the latter part of the reign of Henry VIII., the poor people of Portsoken Ward, East Smithlield, were hedged out, and in place of their homely cottages, such houses builded as do rather want room than rent, and the residue was made into a garden by a gardener named Cawsway, one that serveth the market with herbs and roots." Nursery gardens also appear to have been in exist- ence in this country in the earlier half of the six- teenth century. Large quantities of garden plants were cultivated for stocking the newly laid-out gardens. We read, for instance, in the Chapter House Accounts for 1533, of some 500 Rose trees, and 31 bushels of Primrose, Violet, and Strawberry roots, besides large quantities of Quicksets and Rose- mary bushes being bought for planting in the gardens of Hampton Court. Such quantities as these could hardly have been grown in private gardens, but were, in all probability, cultivated for the market. Orchard trees were also reared in nur- series, and one of these is mentioned in the Chapter House accounts as belonging to " a gardener of S. Jones' Street, London." § It is interesting to note that in Henry VIII.'s reign the first Herbals written in the English language were published. The first was the Crete Herbal, and this was printed in 1526. Two years later appeared a translation of Macer's well-known Herbal. In 1518, Turner published his interesting little volume, The Names of Herbes, and this he fol- lowed up nine years later by A New Herbal, printed in black letter, and profusely illustrated with wood- cuts. These works, though written for the use of herbalists and apothecaries, nevertheless throw some light on the gardening of the period immediately preceding Elizabethan times, but the only work on practical gardening, published prior to the acces- sion of Elizabeth, was that written by Thomas Tusser, and entitled, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry. || This little work is full of valuable hints on gardening matters, and the quaint way in which it is written makes it very interesting reading. It is written in verse, and is divided into twelve parts, each part containing directions for the use of the practical gardener for a month. The first section is headed September, and the author directs that Bar- berries, Raspberries, Gooseberries, and Roses "and such as those " should now be plauted out. The best time for trenching the garden was November :— " If garden require it now trench it ye may, One trench not a yard from another go lay." If, in December, the frost was exceptionally severe, Tusser says that you should — " Take this for a law, The Strawberry look to be covered with straw, Laid overly trim upon crotchis and bows, And after uncovered as weather allows. The gileflower also, the skillful do knowe, Do look to be covered, in froste and in snowe, The knot and the border, and Rosemary gam, Do crave the like succour for dyeing awaie." January was the month for digging the garden, and pruning the fruit and Rose trees. One might also "set '(as a daintie) the Runciall Pease." In February these latter were to be carefully attended to, and, says Tusser — ■ " Sticke plentie of bows among runciall Pease ^ To climber thereon and branch at their ease." March was the month for grafting fruit trees, and also for making " readie the plots for seeds and for the pots." April was the time for sowing garden seeds, and Tusser recommends the gardener to " frequently dig and weed," for this, says he, " makes herbs the more holesome and greater to be." Tusser also gives minute directions for gathering garden beans : — "Not rent off, but cut off ripe beane with a knife, For hindering stalke of hir vegetive life, So gather the lowest and leaving the top Shall teach thee a trick, for to double thy crop." P. E. N. (T" 0c continued.) » See Brewer's Letters aud Papers, &e., vol, i., p. cxiii. f Phillips, The Companion of the Orchard, p. 79, Ed. 1821. 1 Ed. 1598. p. 139. § Chapter House Accounts, 1533, C J, f. 41. || The first edition of this work was issued in 1557. It has aince gone through a large number of editions, and has only quite recently been reprinted. ARABIAN COFFEE. There is nowadays no question that Coffea arabica is of African origin. Its natural habitat seems to be the country of Gallas and Harrar. The plant was introduced into Yemen at the date of the Abyssinian conquest, and the downfall of the Him- yar'itc Empire, about a century before the era of the Hegira. The culture of Coffee rapidly spread in all the western parts of Arabia Felix— that is to say, in the regions subject to tropical rains. The system of cultivation has not altered for cen- turies, and the plantations of Coffee-shrubs on hori- zontal terraces on the mountain sides are to-day still like those of which Niebuhr wrote, more than a century ago. The natural slope of the ground is sometimes very steep, consequently the walls of rough stones which sustain the terraces are built up to a height of from 20 to 20 feet, which is equal to, or even more than, the width of the terrace itself. This arrangement ensures perfect drainage, which is very salutary for such planta- tions. ° The soil is carefully prepared, and almost always shaded by large trees (Ficus, Tamarindus, Ehretia, Dobera, &c), planted in a row. Many plantations are irrigated during the dry season by means of reservoirs placed on a level with the highest terrace, and fed by the deviation of a spring or neighbouring stream. The plants are generally supplied from nurseries, and are obtained from seed. The seeds, before being used, receive a certain preparation which consists in the removal of the pulp, and the submission of the seeds to a slight drying in a layer of ashes. They are sown from October to December, in borders of good soil, en- riched by cow or sheep dung. The seedlings are shaded from the extreme heat of the sun by a cover- ing of boughs, and are watered at least once a week. At the end of six or seven weeks the young plants are carefully picked out and removed, wrapped in mats, to the prepared plateaux. The Coffee shrubs are planted in lines about 30 to 40 inches apart, they are watered once a fortnight, and the soil is manured when necessary. From two to four years must elapse before the shrubs begin to bear. In Han'tz, some growers consider that plants obtained from natural seed-plots are more vigorous than those germinating from seeds submitted to the process above described, jAlfTABT 18, 1890.] THE GABDEXEJtS' CHROXlCLE. 75 The natural sepd-plot is managed thus : — Many of the berries, when fully ripe, are attacked by birds, which eat the fleshy part of the pericarp (the pulp). The stone covering the seeds is thus laid bare, becomes detached from the plant, and falls to the ground. The cultivator examines the plantations every day, and hastens to lightly cover over these seeds on the place where they have fallen. They do not germinate for two or three months, but the young plants are .said to grow to a height of from 12 to 15 inches in the first year, and to continue to develop rapidly. It is known that the pulpy portions of the fruits, dried in the sun and pounded, con- stitute a material used for the preparation of a stimulating beverage, possessing analogous properties to an infusion of tea. This warm draught has a very pleasant flavour when it is properly prepared. Scented with ginger or some other spice it is, with " Qat " (leaves of Catha edulis), a favourite stimu- lant with the Arabs of Yemen, who do not use Coffee, as do the Turks and Europeans. Every- where, in the sandy solitudes of Tehama as well as on the steep summits in the Gebeli district, is raised the " Mikaye ; " this is a hut made of branches, or a shanty of rough stones, often far away from any populated centre, where is sold, in default of any more substantial fare, the decoction of gische, known as "gafal," which is always to be had fresh, from earthen jars with long necks and large rounded bases. The fruits of the Coffee trees, dried in the sun, arrive from the interior in their natural condition, in bags of matting. In the centres of exportation, the most important of which is the port of Uodeidah, the gafal is submitted to a process which is intended to separate the seed from the pulp. The operation is conducted by means of millstones moved by hand, which is very fatigueing work, and must necessarily be replaced by perfected machinery as soon as ever hand labour becomes dear. For some time past, mortars of English manufacture have been used at Aden. The material thus pounded is estimated to consist of 50 per cent, of the seeds proper, 35 per cent, of pounded pulp, 12J per cent, of powder yielded by the stones, and 12} per cent, of waste produce. The commercial value of the prepared seed is at the quay of Hodeidah from about £7 to £3 for 220 lb. Tramlated from " Voyage an by A. Drfl n, SACRED TREES OF THE HINDI Dr/BINO the marriage ceremonies of a Hindu, the branch of a tree is brought into the house, and placed in n tap, or winnowing fan, and this branch is the first object of worship. The tree used for this pur- pose varies in different castes. The Ficus glomerate, or Udumbara, is also called in Sai^kiii Yajnii/a, or sacrificial Tavitraka, or purifier. The baton or staff of the warrior or king is, according to theBrahmanic faith, obtained from it ; it is a cosmogonic and anthropogonic tr< e typical of the heavens and of the Supreme Intelligence, the true Bramavriksha, oi tree of the Brahmin. The Eicns Bengalensis or Vata, is also a cosmogonic and anthropogonic tree . it is named I'pasthapatra. This is the tree of the Boas, who consider themselves, rightly or wrongly to be of Kshatri origin. They pay great revprenceto the tree, and will not eat from plates made of its leaves. The staff of the Brahmin is obtained from it. Thus the two highest castes of Hindus make use of Fig trees as their anthrogonic trees, and in all Aryan countries the Pig tree has, at all times, been considered as pre- eminently the cosmogonic and anthropogonic tree. It is only in countries where no species of Fig is found that another tree has been originally substi- tuted for it. The reason of this appears to lie in the peculiar structure of the fructification of the genus, which was thought to produce a fruit without flowers. The Vaishya caste use the Ashoka or Ashapala » Journal of the Anthropological Society of Bombay. By Brigade Burgeon W. Dymock. (Saraca indica) sacred to Vishnu, and worshipped on the Ashokashtami or 8th day of the light-fortnight oi Chait (March-April), when it is in flower. Part of the ceremony of that day consists in drinking water in which Ashoka buds have been placed. The Boi caste of Behar, and the Sonar caste use the Palasha (,Butea frondosa) ; the first are devotees of Kali ; the wife of Shiva, also kjown as Parvati, Bhawani, Durga or Devi. They offer a he-goat to the goddess along with the flowers of Palasha, the bunches of which are likened to the bloody hands of Kalis girdle. The goldsmiths are worshippers of Shiva and r'arvati, and associate its bright-coloured flowers with red gold. Palasha is addressed as " glorious," " treasurer of the gods and of sacrifice." The Powars, a tribe of Rajput origin, a fire born race, use the Khadira (Acacia catechu), a tree remark- able for the hardness of its wood. InRigvedaHI., 35, Indra is told to obtain strength by covering himself with Khadira wood. The tree is sacred to Bhawani, the wife of Shiva. The Marathas (that is the caste of this name) use the Kadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba), as a Medh. It is a Buddhic and cosmo- gonic tree espacially sacred to the wife of Shiva (in her form of Durga), and the leaves are offered to her at the Durga-puja or Dassera. It has orange- coloured flowers in the shape of a ball. The Arka (Calotropis gigantea) is the Medh of the Wadwals and Bhandaris, the first are gardeners, who water and take care of the Palm plantations, the second are those who extract the Palm juice. Arka or Arkapatra having leaves like lightning, ie., cuneiform, is sacred to Indra, the Indian Jupiter, the god of winds and showers. He is described as strong and drunk with wine, and is attended by the Maruts or winds, who roar amongst the forests, and drink intoxicating drinks. The Wadwals and Bhandaris specially worship Maruti, as the well-being of their Palm plantations depends to a great extent upon the absence of high winds, and the abundance of water. In the towns of late years many of the Wadwals have become educated, and have abandoned Maruti for the fashionable god, Shiva ; they have consi quently taken the Mango for their Kulpalak, ami follow Uih customs of the Panch- kalshas, Sutai s ol Bora To explain the reasons for the use of different trees by all the numerous ca;-t. !« of India would fill a volume. ... To sum up, it appears that in every Aryan country at least, owing to the analogy between trees and men, popular superstition supposes the first men to have sprung up from trees. Children are told in Europe that they were found in a garden or under a Gooseberry bush ; in the Bundehesh the first man and woman are said to have sprung from a Gooseberry bush. The tree, Ashvattha (Ficus reli- giosa) is the earthly emblem of the celestial tree, the heavens, or source of Universal Life, the real Badd- hidruma. [n India, the two higher castes have adhered to the genus Ficus as representing the gene- rative powers of nature ; other castes have selected different trees sacred to the particular Deva, or Devi worshipped by them. In Europe the Fig formerly, and the May and Myrtle now, are the favourite anthropogonic trees, and though not now worshipped they still retain a symbolic importance. A TREE SOLANUM. Anoi i thirty years ago the late Mr. Bentham described specimens of a Solanum, received from the island of Hongkong, under the name of S. Wrightii, atter Mr. ('.Wright, botanist to the United States North Pacific Exploring Expedition, who collected the specimens in question. Mr. Bentham (Flora Hongkongensis, p. 344) states that it was with much hesitation that he published a new species of a genus so vast and confused as Solanum, but he had failed to match it with any other specimens in herbaria, and it did not answer to the description of any species in Dunal's monograph of the genus. Ten years later the late Dr. Hance, to whom we are so greatly indebted for advancing our knowledge of the flora of China generally, published (Journal of the Linnean Society, xiii., pp. 95 — 141) a supplement to Bentham's Flora Hongkongensis, wherein he says that "this very fine species of Solanum, which forms an erect tree about 15 feet high, is certainly not a native of Hongkong." Subsequent travellers have verified this statement, and the only other speci- mens received at Kew thence were taken from the garden of the Murray Barracks by Colonel Urquhart. who notes that it was called the Potato-tree, and flowered all the year round. Having reached the Solanace;c for the Index Flora? Sinensis, I had to deal with this highly ornamental Solanum, whose native country was till now unknown, and I have succeeded in tracing it to South America. Meanwhile, it appeared in French gardens, and Mr. Carriere published a description of it, accom- panied by a coloured plate (Recite Horticole, 1867, p. 132), under the name of Soianum macranthum, a name, he was careful to point out, it bore in gardens. Concerning its origin, he knew nothing, but suspected it might be Asiatic, because it was cultivated by a friend at Cairo, where it succeeded admirably, forming an ornamental tree of the first order. Although a native of a subtropical region, I thought it might be worth while directing attention to this plant, which I do not remember to have seen in English gardens, where, however, it might succeed in summer. Furthermore, there are many readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle who reside in countries where it would flourish in the open air all the year round. It is one of those species having very large, lobed leaves, armed with a few scattered prickles, and the flowers, which are about 3 inches in diameter, and borne in clusters, vary in colour from white to an intense violet-blue, with large bright yellow anthers, much like those of the Potato, suggesting the name of Potato tree, by which it was known in Hong- kong. Mr. Carriere describes it as a small tree, from 4 to 0 metres high, very ornamental, both in foliage and flowers, and easily propagated from cuttings in summer and winter, though preferably from seed when obtainable. Plants thus raised in heat in the winter may be put out in the open ground as soon as there is no longer danger of frost. Placed in highly manured ground, and copiously watered in summer, thia Solanum succeeds well in France, and is a very effective plant in the subtropical garden. Including the stout stalk, the leaves attain a length of 3 feet, and are proportionately broad, and even in the absence of flowers the plant is sufficiently orna- mental to deserve a place where the conditions are favourable. In a genus of between 700 and 800 species, it was difficult to decide where to turn for our plant ; but, guessing from its general character that it was South American, I looked through the 500 or so species from that country, and found its exact counterpart in some specimens collected by Air. Pearce in woods on the banks of the Amatala river, at an elevation of 4000 to 5000 feet. The exact position of the locality I have not yet ascertained ; but Messrs. Veitch, for whom Pearce collected, and to whom I applied, kindly informed me through Mr. Kent, that there is an Indian village of the same name about two days' journey from Santa Cruz in Bolivia. This species is readily distinguished from its nearest relatives by the tail-like prolongations of the bristly sepals. Another remarkable character, though not peculiar to this species, is found in the hairs of the leaves, which on the upper surface are coarse, and mostly simple, while on the under surface they are softer, shorter, denser, and stellate. I may add, that the plant figured in the Botanical Maqa.:ine (plate 4138) as S. macranthum is not the same species, nor is it the true S. macranthum of Dunal, but S. maroniense of Poiteau. All these species are, however, somewhat closely allied, and belong to a section of the genus numbering about 100, chiefly American. Dr. Trail collected specimens of a Solanum la the 76 THE GAB DENE US' C MB OKI CLE. [■TANr.un Is, 1890. upper Amazon region, so like the present in foliage, that it might be taken for the same in the absence of flowers, which a'-e, however, much smaller, with a totally different calyx. Mr. Pearee describes the wild plant as a tree 30 to 40 feet high, with violet-blue flowers. So far as I can ascertain the species was not described by Dunal, therefore Bentham'a name, S. Wrightii, will stand, though given to specimens cul- tivated on the other side of the world. W. Batting Hemslcy. [Our illustration, fig. 13, is copied partly from the representation in the Revue Horticole. The outline of the leaf in the background is taken from a native specimen. Ed] away, therefore, with the group as at present set up, and confine exhibitors to a given number of plants for a fixed area, and we shall see great improvement in groups. A. Y. E. [Excellent advice ! Ed.] GROUPS OF CHRYSAN- THEMUMS. I will say at once that I am not an exhibitor of Chrysanthemums, and have never felt the hopes and fears o( the exhibitor of that flower; still the layman may have his likes and dislikes, and my pet dislike is the group as one sees it at every show in every part of the country. What meaning is conveyed by a heap of lanky plants with a few big or little flowers at the top, and which may cover a space of 50 or 100 square feet ? Not good culture, for hardly one of the plants composing a group is capable of standing alone, in spite of the sticks to which it is fastened by numbers of ties ; certainly not the production of forms of beauty in the way of many fine blooms and plenty of healthy leaves, for of the former there are but few to be found on a plant, and the latter are conspicuously absent. We are notoriously lacking in ideas, and I wish we could import some Japanese gardeners, they at least would bring new ideas as to culture, training, pro- pagation, and other matters. Now having had my growl, it is proper that I should endeavour to mollify the enraged grower, by showing to him the road he might, with advantage, take. Many will think it is sadly wanting in appropriateness, but still the truth must be said, that the curators of the botanic garden at Kew have pointed out the route to be taken by all those who would try to meet the improving taste of the day in these matters. At the Chrysanthemum Centenary Conference at Chiswick, groups of plants were solicited, and a good number were put together in response to this, but the best of them in the opinion of myself and others was that furnished from Kew. The number of the plants was not large, and they were mostly of one height ; they were loaded with flowers and leaves, might have been thinned in the bloom slightly with advantage to their general effectiveness, and they were not much fettered by ties and stakes ; in fact, some were most heretically lop- sided— what of that, when they looked all the better for it, and were more satisfactory objects for admira- tion than the ghosts of plants in the remaining groups. The amount of space for a group was a fixed quantity at Chiswick, as it is elsewhere, but Kew did not seek to place as many as it could within that space, but to see how few it could comfortably fill it with without crowding ; and it succeeded admirably, one being enabled to see almost all round the plants. That was the beau ideal of a group, and a few more such would be welcome innovations at future shows, the only improvement required being in the direction of a lesser degree of looseness in the training ; and there need be no fear that such a group would be considered ineffective because of the fewness of the plants of which it consisted, if varieties which con- trasted well with each other were skilfully chosen. A group-space of 10 feet bv 10 feet gives 100 square feet ; and allowing two-thirds of a square yard =6 feet to one plant, sixteen well-grown, bushy plants would very well furnish such an amount of space without undue sparseness. What exhibitors of groups are doing now is, employing their plants, grown to one or two stems for supplying cut flowers for the exhibition stands, as fitting sutjects wherewith to form a group. This is an error, and defeats its intention by so doing. A melange of colour only is obtained, but no striking feature, and worse than nothing, if excellence of plant cultivation is the aim of show managers. Do A PLAN OF GARDEN AND GROUNDS. (Fig. 12.) Tins plan represents the grounds of a gentleman s residence, situated at a few miles distant from the metropolis, and laid out recently by Mr. T. Baines. The house stands on an eminence, from whence extended views to the west and south-west, over a wide tract of rich grass-land, interspersed with fine old timber, are obtained. The ground falls away gently on the eastern side, and a little more so on the west, where, at the road shown, it is about fifteen feet lower than the mansion. The wood abutting on the lawn on the eastern side, with the walk winding through it was already in existence, and consists of Scotch Firs and Spruce, intermixed with common deciduous trees, and is alike useful in winter in breaking the cutting winds, and as giving an agree- able shade in summer. There are a good many old trees, consisting of Elms, Chestnuts, Limes, and Scotch Firs, scattered about the grounds. These may be easily distin- guished in the plan by their larger proportions. It would be difficult to over-rate the advantage which the presence of a sufficient number of big trees is to the appearance of a newly-made place, where of necessity those that are usually planted require many years before they have the desired effect. In speaking of effective planting of grounds adjacent to a dwelling, be it a villa with a few acres of land attached, or those surrounding a mansion of an imposing character, it is often, and justly said, that the planters of the present time have a great advantage over those of former days, inasmuch as there is now an all but un- limited number of species of trees and shrubs from which to choose. Yet this multiplicity of subjects has not always been turned to advantage by the landscape gardener. With trees and shrubs, as with other plants, the temptation to use new kinds, whose ability to preserve a good appearance after the lapse of years was uncertain, has often been strong enough to cause the older, well- proved kinds of trees to be neglected. The result of this mistake may be seen in many places, especially as regards the numbers of newer Conifers planted, not a few of which have turned out unsatisfactory, or not to be depended upon. Still, the partial failure of Conifers has not in all cases been an unmixed affliction, for they have frequently been used to the exclusion of a fine deciduous species, the outcome of which was a want of diversity in light and shade, of form and colour ; a monotonous gloom prevailing instead. This gloomy appearance where the evergreen kinde are too numerous, is most apparent in winter, at which season if the are used with judgment, their presence is most needed. from my friend, Mr. Max Leichtlin, at the end of 1888, flowered at about the same time. I forget which lot furnished the plant I sent to Kew. This season it must be remembered is wholly abnormal as regards the time of flowering of spring bulbs ; and the bulbs of I. Bakeriana, which came to England from Mr. Max Leichtlin last summer and autumn, after having been thoroughly ripened, met, soon after being planted, with heavy rain, were early started into growth, and rapidly pushed on to flowering by a mild winter. I hope in future years this Iris will not bloom so early, for its beauty needs bright sunshine, and the other glad accompaniments of spring ; and I venture to think that those who have only seen the flower at Christmas cannot fully appreciate its worth. Those who have seen a fully expanded clump in calm, bright sunshine, will, I feel sure, be of opinion that I have done well in choosing the name which I have given to it. I ought to have found room, even in the Botanical Magazine, for one statement. The plant first became known to me through the kindness of Mr. Gates ; but it has become known to others through the energy and enterprise of Mr. Max Leichtlin. It is he who has really introduced the plant. M. Foster, Shelf ord, Cambs, January 11. IRIS BAKERIANA. One has to put a break on one's garrulity when one writes for the Botanical Magazine, otherwise, in describing this Iris, I might have said many things which I did not say. I might, for instance, have pointed out that it varies a good deal. The yellow median streak on the fall, is conspicuous in some, slight or absent in other specimens ; the yellow tinge on the basal portion of the claw of the fall seems more constant. The size and number of the violet spots, the amount of the violet edging, and the evenness of the inner margin of this also vary. Further, the plants vary much as to the size of the bloom and the pointed- ness of — indeed, the general shape of the lamina of the fall, and in tint as well as in brilliancy of colour. I would not say, as Mr. Lynch suggests, that there are two forms, but rather that there are several ; these, however, do not merit distinct names, even for garden purposes. I received bulbs from the Rev. Mr. Gates in 1887 ; these flowered in 1889, not earlier than February and March, though protected by a frame, and bulbs received ONION ENPERIMENTS. Amono the many interesting and most valuable horticultural experiments initiated by the Directors of the New York Agricultural Station, with which we have been favoured, not the least is the report of that upon Onions. The following selected list of ten varieties of Onions were planted on April 14, two rows of each name, 12 feet long, the rows being 21 inches apart. The bulbs of one row of each name were thinned when they began to crowd, to 1 inch apart from bulb to bulb; the other row was left without thinning. The number of bulbs, weight of Onions per row and weight per 100 bulbs, with the average of all are given in the following Table : — Variety of Onions. Early Red Hat ... Early Red Globs ... Flat Madeira Giant Rocco Nastey's M immotli Late Red Globe ... White Flat Italian White Portugal ... Yellow Globe Danver Strasburg Average liil til 141 255 18_> Summary of the foregoing Experiments. Thinned rows Unthinned row Calctdated per 100 Bulbs. From these results we learn, that on the average of all the varieties of Onions treated, the unthinned rows contained sixty-two more bulbs than those that were submitted to the thinning process, and that the total weight of Onions obtained by the unthinned method was an average of 64 oz. — equal to 4 lb. per row in excess of those that had been thinned. On the other hand, the thinned rows, as might be expected, contained much the largest bulbs. One hundred Onions from the thinned rows weighed on January 18, 1890.] THE GABDEXEBS' CHRONICLE. 77 the average 237 oz , while a similar number from the unthinned rows weighed on the average but 182 oz. — a difference of bo oz., equal to 3 lb. 1 oz. per one hundred bulbs in favour of those thinned. These figures undoubtedly show that excessive thinning of the Onion bed in the average of seasons is not required in growing the main crop ; but when large bulbs are required, the matter is different, or even in very wet seasons too great a crowding of the bulbs is not desirable, as the matting of the "flags " Valley, Pinks, and Violets, also Cyclamen, Tulips, Chinese Primulas, Syringa (Lilac), and Camellias. Nor were these the only flowers to be found. There were Roses from the Kiviera, large yellow Chrysanthemums of the Leucanthemum group, bright scarlet Poinsettias, and many other kinds. The mild winter of this year has been a great advantage to gardeners, and I never before saw such fine well-grown Hyacinths as we have had this season. The best and favourite variety was Norma, gold, and the gardener who could bring red, scnted Koses into the market at Christmas time would he sure of a handsome profit, as he could name his own price for them. In January, when our home- grown red Roses first come in, a single flower will some- times fetch 3s. At Christmas time, when every one's purse is open, they would fetch still more. It is a curious thing that no gardeners profit by this fact. They say that it is impossible to force Roses into bloom by Christmas, but this, I think, cannot be J-U>* ^ FlG. 12.— PLAN OF GARDEN AND GROUNDS, FOR A NEW RESIDENCE IN HERTFORDSHIRE, DE6IQNED BY MB. T. BAINES. (SEE r. 76.) would impede the ripening process. J. Hlirpendt a. Berlin. Your readers may be interested by an account of some of the plants and flowers used here for decorative purposes at the Christmas season. Those most popular were Hyacinths, Lilies of the which, in former years, did not flower until a week or so later. Lilie3 of the Valley were sold as early as December 15, and are now vended in the streets by the flowerwomen, who also offer Violets, Mignonette, and Roses from Italy. Besides the ordinary Tea Roses from the Riviera, we had also numerous buds from one of the Noisette group, which were much liked. This variety, so far as I was able to identify it, was Fellenberg, and there was also another rather pale kind, which perhaps was " Hermosa." Red Roses are worth their weight in correct. Under proper treatment, and by using the right materials (the latter is most essential), it surely would be possible to do so. German gardeners force only Roses grafted on root-stocks (dwarfs). But expe- rience has shown that Roses grafted on stems about 1 foot high (half-standards), can be forced more easily, earlier, and better, and that they produce better flowers. The difference in time would be about a fortnight. Half-standards such as these would bear flower, but better flowers, than the dwarfs, but that, I think, is no reason for using only 78 THE GARDENER V CHRONICLE. [January 18, 1890. the latter method. It is a curious thing that, although German gardeners are aware of these facts, they do not obtain the proper materials. To return to Christmas horticulture. The last few years the (lower shops have displayed much coloured paper and ribbon. Of the paper they make pot-covers, which form an effective background to the Bowers put into them. If the right colours are chosen, the effect is very artistic. Lilac and Camellias (especially the former) look well when thus arranged. Cut flowers ore displayed in an infinite variety of ways, some of the effects obtained are worthy to be reproduced by the pencil of an artist ; but to describe them in words is impossible. I can give you some little idea perhaps, by telling you that single flowers are fre- quently so arranged that each blossom is seen in its full beauty. Christmas has, indeed, been an unusually gay time this year. From our Special Correspondent. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. VANDA AMESIANA, white form. As novelties, most white-flowered Orchids are pleasing, and particularly when they are varieties of an admired species. In Vandas, we have not hitherto acquired a pure white oue. I recollect well many years ago, iu the company of the late Mr. J. Veitch, Beeing the first flower of what was sent home as a white Vanda, flowering in the private Orchid- houses of the Chelsea firm, which was eventually called Denisoni, but the flower did not excite the admira- tion of either of us, because although it was of good size, it was more ochraceous than white, and age did not even correct the want of purity. Now, however, among Mr. Statter's plants at Stand Hall, a pure white form of Amesiana — as white as a tuberose, as remarkable in substance, and, moreover, of high decorative importance — has been found. Individually, a flower of Vanda Amesiana does not go for much, but when a scape with eighteen flowers is obtained, the full number of a well-grown spike of V. suavis, then there is something to admire. Doubtless others will crop up in collections, as it would be singular, indeed, if there was only one white Amesiana among the many Vaudas that are imported. Iu so far as one plant and another is coucerned, there is not much dissimilarity. The one we are about to speak of is a largish clump, with branches crowded together, with no appearance of oue or other of the growths taking a lead. Altogether, however, it makes a handsome clump grown suspended from the roof in a Teak basket, alongside of the Ltelia Gouldiauas, which we have already described. •/. A. Vanda Amesiana, &c. Not the least of the charms of this pretty winter flower is its tuberose fragrance, and a houseful of it in flower at Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.'s Nursery exhibits this characteristic well. The house of An- grsecum citratum at the above nursery will soon be as beautiful a sight as the Angraeum sesquipedale is at present. The Cattleya Trianres are also fast coming into bloom at Clapton. J. O'B. Phal.enopsis Sanderiana vaij. punctata. This distinct form is now in flower in the large collection of Phahcnopsis at Messrs. Hugh Low & V'> , Clapton, Nursery. The flowers in forms are typical of P. Sanderiaua, but the sepals and petals are pink of a more lilac hue. The chief peculiarity is, that the lower half of the lower sepals is spotted much in the same way as in P. Stuartiana ; the front lobe of the labellum and the bases of the side- lobes are also prettily spotted with crimson. The plant is very distinct, its leaves being ascending and acuminate, much as iu the large forms of P. Esme- relda, but they are silvery-grey, spotted with green, as in some other forms of P. Sanderiaua. It is a natural hybrid probably of P. Schilleriana, and a form of P. amabilis, as indeed we may readily suppose the typical P. Sanderiana to be. J. O'B. Cattleya Pehciyaliana. There are so many bad forms of this in gardens that the beauties of fine forms are the more valued. A magnificent variety is in flower in the collection of Edward Moon, Esq., at Cassiobridge, Watford. Its blooms are large and well formed, the sepals and petals rich bright rose. The finely expanded labellum has a narrow margin of lilac, then a broad area of violet-crimson, which passes into blood-red as it spreads over the orange colour of the throat. Its history is curious, Mr. Moon purchased a large mass of C. Percivaliana which, however, proved an indifferent form ; the vendor, however, seeing a gap in the large mass had made it up with the plant under notice, thus giving gold as a makeweight with copper. ■/. O'B. Orchids in Belgium. In the collection of M. Jules Hye, of Ghent, one of our most successful Orchid-growers, a beautiful plant has just flowered of Cypripedium orphanum X. which is one of the finest hybrids obtained by Messrs. Veitch. It will be figured in Lindenia. The same amateur has also in bud a magnificent specimen of the rare Cypripedium macropterum X raised by M. Seden. Odontoglossum Pescatorei album is still a very rare plant, and is also in bloom in the collec- tion of the same Orchid grower. The flowers are most distinct, the sepals, petals, and lip are pure white, and very large and beautiful in form. At the top of the lip, just under the column, which is also pure white, there is a large spot of lovely bright yellow. In no part of this exquisite variety is there any trace of red or purple, which colours are found in all the 0. Pescatorei ; at least, on their sepals, at the top of the lip, in spots in the centre, or on the edge of the lip. M. Hye, when he saw this variety in bloom in the famous collection of Baron Schroder, was much struck with it, and did not rest until he also had obtained a specimen of it. He has discovered the treasure in the establishment of a horticulturist in the neighbourhood of Ghent. In the establishment of M. Vervaet et Cie, there have flowered in three successive years, and each season about the same time (the end of November or beginning of December), half a dozen plants of Cattleya imported four years ago from the neigh- bourhood of a village called Fussagasuga, near Bogota (Colombia). These Cattleyas are something like Cattleya Triana? of Ibague, only those from Fussagasuga, as comparisons made on three suc- cessive years with the old Cattleya Triamc have proved, have always the two petals rounded, and much wider; they are firmer in texture, and the lip is more coloured than in the Cattleya from Ibague or from Popayan. The petals are iu shape like those of Cattleya chocoensis, only instead of remaining half closed, as do those of the latter variety, they open more widely than those of any other Cattleya; they are very showy and thick in texture, the flowers last three or four weeks, and this, in the dull month of December, is a great advantage. Three of these plants were shown at a meeting of the "Orchideeue" in the beginning of December. From our Special Correspondent. L.l-LIA CRAWSHAYANA (Reich, fit) AND L. GoULDIANA (Reich. HI). In reference to Mr. Rolfe's letter at p. 42, January 11, 1890, I have also had a three-flowered spike from Mr. Statter of Stand Hall, Manchester, of his fine variety of L. Gouldiana. In comparing it with my Lrelia Crawshayana (the original plant named by the late Professor Reichenbach), I find that they are amply distinct in that all important point, in the former, namely, the lip. L. Gouldiana has not the spoon-handled lip that L. Crawshayana has, but it has a lip of an L. autumnalis form slightly less rounded, and less deflexed at the apex. Those plants of L. Gouldiana that I have seen, are widely different from those of "ordinary L. autumnalis," being greener in the bulb and leaf, and longer in proportion to the diameter of the bulb. I cannot agree either with the late Professor Reichenbach that L, Gouldiana may be a variety of L. Crawshayana, as the latter's lip has lost the form of the former entirely ; and a " variety " pure and simple can hardly lose the form of that all important segment. Neither can I agree to Mr. Rolfe's "conclusion" that it is a natural hybrid between L. autumnalis and L. anceps, because the " pencilling on the lip " is identical in my L. Craw- shayana, Mr. Statter's L. Gouldiana and also in L. albida; but in L. anceps the "pencilling "is quite dif- ferent as to its arrangement, it being in larger lines and fewer too. Mr. B. S. Williams has not a drawing of the " original" as no Orchidist has ever seen a drawing of my flower, for I have not shown the only draw- ing of a single flower that I possess to any Orchidist. I fancy the drawing referred to was of a plant that Mr. Adams bloomed, but having never seen this, I cannot say if it is really L. Crawshayana, and of the fact that many people are yet undecided as to it, there is ample evidence, for even Mr. Rolfe has apparently not seen an " original " flower, although when he wrote last January he thought he had the " real thing. ' Were I to surmise any parents for L. Gouldiana, I should say it was result of L. autumnalis atrorubeus being crossed by L. Crawshayana. The powerful nature of the former has altered the natural hybrid's lip back to almost its original form as seen in L. albida. The short spikes betray no evidence of L. anceps. Iu the same mass of plants, from which came the two plants of La;lia Crawshayana which I bloomed, I also bloomed L. albida Stobartiana, a broader variety than the common L. albida. They were all three seedlings of about the same age, and, in my opinion, are quite likely to have dropped from the same fruit. I hardly think it advisable for Mr. Rolfe to name the plant he has before received L. leucoptera X , till he has seen Reichenbach's named L. C. a. leucoptera, or we shall be in a far worse mess as to origin than we are now. Such naming and altering is only confusing in such rare things, that possibly, on the other hand, it is not of general interest, as so few have L. Crawshayana, and its variety leucoptera ; therefore, the remainder of Orehidists unconcerned in the matter may term it "a storm in the coffee-cup," but it will form a bad precedent. Bv the time this is in print, I hope the original will have been seen at the Royal Horticultural So- ciety, and been identified by all who care about these slightly advanced forms of indistinctness, and yet distinctness. De B. Crawshay, January 12. The Hardy Fruit Garden. We have entered on a new year, and a few weeks hence the buds will be swelling on many of the earliest fruit trees, and planting and pruning are the most important operations during the present month. Autumn planting is always preferable, but not always possible, by reason of pressure of other work that will not be delayed. Those who are still behindhand with this kind of work should try their utmost to forward it during January, putting off nothing till the morrow. The first thing to be considered in planting trees is the due preparation of the ground, bearing in mind that if the ground is not put into good condition by stirring it to a good depth, it is a waste of time and money to plant trees ; and where the ground is heavy and unduly full of moisture, measures should be taken to drain it thoroughly, the drains being put in not more than 3 feet deep ; and, if brick rubble in quantity is at command, a thick layer over the pipes adds greatly to the efficacy of the drains; failing this kind of materia!, the common Heather is a good substitute for it, and lasts for many years. Where soils are light and shallow, it will generally be found that draining is not required. The borders for fruits should be made of good depth, and the soil well rammed to make it firm, and the benefits derived from using old lime rubble and soft brickbats cannot be too often impressed on young men in the making of all fruit borders, and whether the soil is heavy or Jancart 18, 1890.] THE GA ED EXE B S ' CHE OXI CL E. 79 light, the former will help to aerate and sweeten after all the fibre in the loam is decayed, and long before the roots have taken possession of the whole border ; and the latter may be made very firm by treading or beating, which will help to bring the material into a properly consolidated condition, and the rubble will prevent injurious consolidation of the new soil. In making borders always allow from 6 to 9 inches of soil above the future surface-level to allow for the sinking of the border, and when this is overlooked, the trees have to be earthed up — a fruitful cause of disease. Apricots. — The earliest tree we have to deal with at this season is the Apricot, and it is one that well repays proper attention. Whan Apricot trees have stood undisturbed for a number of years, and the roots have gone deeply into the subsoil, that is dry, mildew becomes troublesome, many of the flower-buds drop immediately they begin to swell, and those that are left do not set kindly. It is usual to aDply sulphur, which somewhat checks the mildew, but the crop is either a partial one or a total failure. Copious watering will sometimes prevent this kind of loss. If the pruning and tying or nailing of Apricot trees is finished, a mulching should be applied to all the healthy trees, and the hose turned on, so as to give the border a thorough soaking. Plums, Chrrri's, and Pears which have been pruned, tied, or nailed in, should be well washed with a cheap insecticide, and if this be followed by a strong shower from the garden-engine, only good will be done. Green and blackfly were unusually trouble- some last season, and many trees were seriously injured by the consequent loss of foliage and young wood. In cold gardens, where dessert Cherries are subject to gumming, many of the varieties succeed better under the extension method ol training, which involves the annual laying in of a quantity of young growths from the base of the bearing shoots ; and by training the main branches widely apart, and prac- tising summer pinching of shoots not needed for devi lopment, the i ret i soon become thickly studded with spurs, and very little pruning is required in winter. A. Evans, bythsRill, i The Orchid Houses. Pottim,, &c— No delay should take place in the repotting, rebasketing. and surface-dressing of all Borts of Oichids. And where a large number of plants are grown, it will tax the grower's abilities to get (his all done, as I consider it should be, by the first day of May. Peat, potsherds, and "where possible "new pqis should have been pre- pared, good fresh sphagnum moss picked over and if it is in lumps, carefully looked over without pulling it to pieces, as it then is very much better to bundle when using it. Those plants which should be first done, I will show in their proper section. East Indian House. — All the plants of < iypripedinm barbatum section, which have not been repotted during the past year, should be at once examined ; and as it would take up too much space to enumerate each variety. I will mention Laurenceanum, Mor- ganise, vexillarinm, euryandram, ciliolare, &c. For potting, peat and sphagnum moss are the only materials that are require,! to grow them to perfection. Then should come nearly all the different varietii i of Ariel s, as Sanderianum, Lawrenci anum.Godefroyei, odoratum, and its varieties, which should all be t line 1 1 r 1,1, nf t.lieir | hi1 s it seeming to n 'i pi ire it, ; and plants which have lost their lower leaves should be cut down ; a few of the roots should be placed inside the pot, and the potsherds carefully placed in afterwards. It is not g lod practice to cover up too many of the roots of Aerides, and if it be done the plants will in most eases suffer. Many of the Saccolabiums, S. Blumei inajus, curvifolium, cceleste, guttatum, ami its varieties, are now ready to be lepotted. The l'huhcnopsids now flowering must not be allowed to suffer from want of water, as no plants are more affected by flowering than these il allowed to get dry ; too much i inie in the air of the house being carefully guarded against. In our houses we give one good damping with the syringe in the morning, and water the floors at night; but no hard and fast line may be laid down in this matter, there being hardly two houses whose conditions are just equal. Such plants as Cattleya Dowiana, C. aurea, C. Hardyana, which me resting in this house must not be allowed to get too dry, and it should be remembered that to let these plants shrivel is injurious, and a serious loss of strength. Temperature, 65° at night, 70° by day. Cattleya-house. — In this house we are beginning to look gay with flowers of Cattleya Trianaa, and with those of the new white varieties of Ladia anceps ; one plant of L a. Sanderiana is now carrying over fifty flowers. I find that these plants like the Ugliest possible place that can be given them in the Cattleya-house, and in our house they are hung up close to the glass, and supplied plentifully with water whilst growing. Hardly any Cattleya at present requires more water than is just sufficient to keep its pseudo- bulbs from shrivelling. C. Percivaliana now in flower is in colour a beautiful little Cattleya, but the pity is, it is too shy in flowering. In most cases only one flower conies on the fat pseudobulbs : it is rather disappointing. Plants of La?lia autumnalis and L. Gouldiana, which are past flowering should be kept dry, and placed as closely as possible to the light, and where a small amount of air is admitted, so that thorough ripening may accrue. Temperature 69° at night, 63° bv dav. A. G. Catt, Parkfield, : Fruits Under Glass. In writing my Calendarial notes, it is my intention to adhere strictly to the teachings of my own experience, being fully assured of their soundness, and I nurse the hope that my efforts wiil be received in as kindly a spirit as they are offered. Pines. — These plants should be kept quiet, and in a slate of semi-rest all round, until the middle of the month of February, unless there are a few advanced fruits which are wanted for particular purposes ; if so, it would be wise to get these put together, plunging them rather deeply into the hotbed mate- rials, and at the warmer part of the house. Mean- while, take care of all well-rooted, healthy stools, as the ripe fruit is cut, and, if possible, give them a frame or pit to themselves. Aim at keeping a genial temperature of about CO0, where they will lay the foundations for Btrong plants, by developing slowly stout and sturdy suckers, which alone pro- duce those large luscious fruit, so much desired. The more slowly these stools grow in the winter, tin' more sturdy will be the suckers; once become drawn, they never make line fruits, and which is often the case with those grown on the plant during its fruiting stage, hence my preference for suckers grown on the old stools. Much of the secret of success lies in the sturdy development of the plant; given such, any tyro can grow good Pines. We always allow the suckers to become of a large size before detaching them from the parent plant. These are potted into 8-inch pots, and grown on the one-shift system, and February and August are the lust months to put in suckers, but some are put in at other dates intermediate to these. Smooth Cayenne, Moscow Queen, and Charlotte Rothschild, are our favourites, but to those who enjoy a sweet, luscious Fine, I can commend Lord Carringti n. Use every means to husband fire heat, highly heated pipes being a great evil; and endeavoui I i avoid extremes, the effect of cold being quite as injurious. Hard and fast temperatures cannot always be followed safely, and even a stoker is expected to use some amount of common sense in his duties. At this time of year, the atmosphere is frequently at saturation point, and little syringing is requisite, but the floors, walls and surfai I' the beds should be once, twice or more, damped accord- ing to the heat maintained in the pipes. I bave condemned evaporating troughs and steaming pans long ago, these are as obsolete as 1 1 i ■ ■ three years' fruiting system. Fruit may be grown in half that time of from 5 to 10 lb. in weight, and of the best quality. Watering the Pine plants at this time of year requires much judgment, and in doing so, the sur- roundings and the position of the respective plants must be observed ; lor those at the outside of the beds being usually nearer to the hot-water pipe- lose moisture faster, and necessarily a larger supply of tepid water is needed by these. The Early Vinery. — This house, if it was closed in November, will now have bunches on the point of flowering, and the vines will need much attention to build up the substance of the leaves. Maintain B gentle circulation of fresh air, free from draughts, and passed over the pipes if that be possible, and endeavour to do most of the forcing by daylight, withdrawing much of the lient in the pipes at night, 55° to CO0, more or less, will do no hurt according to the temperature outside. Stop the laterals at oue, two or more leaves beyond the bunch, the number being decided by the space at command for the proper development of the foliage ; disbud and rub off all superfluous shoots, and allow a moderate quantity of healthy robust shoots and leaves, which are better than a greater number more crowded, Beware of a close steamy atmosphere, which may make the foliage pleasanter to look upon for a time, but is certain to cause it to suffer when the dry north-easters of March come with bright sun. This tender foliage is then sure to " burn " and Bag severely, no matter how good the ventilation may then be. I find that the Madresfield Court Grape stands forcing nearly or quite as well as the Black Hamburgh, and taking just about the same time. It is in my opinion always superior in quality to that variety, but it is always a good plau to grow a few Black Hamburgh.3 in the same house as Madresfield Court; the pollen of the former vine being more abundant than the latter, and consequently useful to impregnate the MadiesSeld with. Strawberries. — The earliest plants are now in flower, or on the point of flowering, and the camel- hair brush should be used on the blooms, a nice buoyant atmosphere being maintained. Strive to force the plants by daylight, although that be but a little. Keep a general warmth in the pipes by abundant ventilation, free from draught, and if the plants are kept near the glass they will uot become drawn, or liable to attacks from insects. Rest the plants somewhat at night-time, by partly shutting oil' the heat, and reduce the ventilation. During frosty weather the above directions should he modi- fied. The favourite variety here at present is La Grosse Sucree, I having reluctantly given up Vicomtesse HiSricart de Thury in its favour. Introduce fresh batches to the houses according to the requirements of the family, Maintain a temperature of 45° by night, and 55°, a little mure or less, by day. IV. Crump, M idVi .-.'.; Id Court. The Kitchen Garden. Seeds, &c. — In the new catalogues wdiich have come to hand, are many novelties ; but before attempting to grow anv of them largely, it would be well to try them, whilst beginners will do well to keep closely to the known and long-tested varieties for the main crcqis. The stock of seeds left from last year should be tested in mild heat, and the fresh also, before sowing any of them outside. If fifty or one hundred seed, be placed in small pots, and well looked to as regards watering, the germinating percentage will readily be observed, but this will be rather higher than will obtain out-of-doors. The proper varieties to grow will depend much on the quality and nature of the soil and the locality, and therefore a list of them given, will not bo of much value. Broccoli. — Veitch's Self-protecting will now have been consumed, and Snow's Winter White Broccoli being the next to become lit for use, the stock should be frequently examined, and any heads (hat, are formed should be lifted carefully, and heeled in in frames or on a sheltered border, so that some kind of protection may be afforded them iu frosty weather. / U08. — Plants to fruit early should have been raised in the early part of November, and should be in i.'i's by this time. If these are well rooted, they mi, be shifted into 32's, giving them a (borough watering before repotting them. The best kind of e post to employ is a moderately light fibrous h lain , with sweet and rough leaf-mould, or spent Mush- room manure, not, in too wet a state, and free of worms. Drain the pots moderately well, and press the new soil firmly about the roots; fasten the stem loosely to a stick, and place them where they may enjoy full sunlight, no water being afforded them for some time, and when the plants have recovered from the rout disturbance, pinch out all side shoots. Maintain a temperature of 55° by night, with a rise of 10° or less by day, accordingly as the weather is mild or otherwise. Plants for succession should be reared as the supply may demand. Sow thinly in pans or pots in light sandy soil made firm, and give no water for a few days, unless the soil should get very dry. Place a sheet of glass or tile over the pins, and plunge them near to the pipes, II, Mark* ham, Merewoiih C'att/c, Maidstone, 80 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Jakuahv 18, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loal events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, eye, are also solicited. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens ani plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the v>eek as possible. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mirk the para- graphs they wish the Editor to tee. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulbs, &c, at Stevens' WEDNESDAY, Jan. 32 \ jjfiSZ&ntom. OreenhousePlanU. &c, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 30,00li Lilium auratunl, and others, cT>Tr»*v t.v qi 1 Imported and Established Orchids, FRIDAY, JAN. J4-J at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. ( Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border SATURDAY, Jan. 2h\ Plants, Bulbs, Ice., at Steveus, ( Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 37°.8. The work of the year began on The Royal Horti- Tues(Jay ]ast in the Drill Hall, cultural Society. ' > where, after Sir Iiikvor Law- rence, the President, had welcomed the new committees, and thanked the old ones, the work began in earnest. The exhibits were naturally not very numerous, but, as usual, they were interesting, the beautiful series of Pitchers (Ne- penthes) exhi ited by Messrs. Veitcii particu- larly so. The members of the several commit- tees mustered in good force, the Orchid Committee, if we mistake not, being more numerously attended than usual, and certainly affording some ground for the complaint that the Floral Committee is proportionately weak- ened, some of the " all-round men " being drafted off on to the Orchid Committee. We oan see no special reason why the Orchid Committee should not sit after the meeting of the general committees, and thus practically revert to an old practice which worked well, and in which, after the transaction of the general business, the Chairman of the Floral requested certain members to deal with specialties, whether they were Orchids, or florists' flowers, or what not. But if a special amount of autonomy he demanded nowadays by the Orchidists, there is no reason why they should not have it, without in any way interfering with the composition of the other committees. There is still, even under the new arrangements, whereby the principal com- mittees sit at noon instead of at 11 a.m., an awkward pause between the close of the com- mittee work and the afternoon"meeting at 3— a pause longer than is required for the exigencies of luncheon. The first afternoon meeting of the year was fairly attended, and, all things considered, even more numerously than could be expected. The lecture was bright, genial, well-delivered, and practical. The Rev. Mr. Wiles, the energetic and admirable Secretary, did well to call attention to the deplorable condition of many gardens during the winter season. Of course, he had not in view the larger gardens attached to country man- sions, where neither space nor cost are primary considerations. He was dealing rather with the smaller gardens, which form the great majority, whether in the vicinity of our towns or in the country. Naturally, he based his observations on his own garden, which he aptly described as a garden of borders — borders, we may add, filled with a most varied assortment of beautiful and interesting hardy plants, surrounding a wide lawn dotted with striking specimen plants, and the whole surrounded by a thick shrubbery with lofty trees interspersed. The ordinary herba- ceous border, when cleared for winter, presents too generally a monotonous appearance of bare ground, dotted with tufts of dead leaves and stumps of plants, once beautiful and variegated, with labels which show of what has been, and, with less certainty, of what may be expected in future. Deciduous trees and bushes are not without their beauty in winter, the bark, the buds, the spray, all contain elements of beauty for those who look for it ; and, as for colour, what more glowing than the red bark of some of the Cornels and the clear yellow of some of the Willows!- Mr. "Wii.ks even finds beauty in the rugged, gnarled boughs of an old Apple tree. To relieve the desolate appearance of bare borders, the lecturer recommended the plan of growing evergreen shrubs in small pots, and sinking them in the borders between the herbaceous plants. For those to whom expense is an object, small stuff may be employed, or seedlings or cuttings may be grown on, for the purpose, thus affording the gardener the pleasure of seeing the plants gradually increase in size and beauty. Eeti- nosporas were recommended for the purpose, as well as Hollies of all kinds, Aucubas, Mahonia, Euonymus radicans and E. japonicus, the varie- gated forms of Ekeagnus, Cupressus Lawsoniana in all its forms, Gaultheria shallon, Laurel- Cherries, Portugal Laurels, Cotoneasters, Sea Buckthorn, Furze, single and double Helianthe- mums, Daphnes, and Ivies. Mediterranean Heaths in the foreground have the advantage of flowering in the dull season along with the Hellebores. It is obvious from this list that great varie ty of size, form, and colour may be gained at little cost, and no more trouble than is necessitated by the pleasant task of assorting the plants ac- cording to position, size, colour, and other circumstances. The routine followed is to place the plants as procured in September or October in as small pots as possible, and to plunge them in the borders according to their size and other circumstances. About the middle or end of April the plants are removed from the borders and taken to the potting-shed, where they are repotted in pots of about the same size, making use, for the purpose, of the compost, which has been applied to the fruit trees in the orchard-house, the nutritive qualities of which are by no means exhausted. "When repotted, the plants are p'aced out in a shady spot, and kept watered till the end of September, when they are again plunged. On this we should remark, that even better results would be obtained by plunging the pots in a north border. We have ourselves obtained good results by knocking the plants out of the pots in spring, and " laying them in " a shady place, removing them into pots in the autumn, and dotting them between clumps of Snowdrops and Crocuses. Into the details of propagation we need not here enter ; it must suffice to say, Mr. Wilks abundantly proved how attractive a garden may be made, at little cost, in the dull months by the adoption of procedures such as he recommended. The Late Chrysanthemum Show at EDINBURGH.— At the meeting of the Scottish Horti- cultural Association, held on the 7th inst., the Treasurer, Mr. A. Mackenzie read a statement of the income and expenditure of the International Chrysanthemum Centenary Exhibition, held on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd November last, as up to the date 28th December, 1889, the income reached the total of £1389 lis. 9d., and the expenditure £958 6s. od., leaving a balance of £140 5s. id. As showing the popular interest taken in the event, it was stated that during the three days of the show over 40.000 people entered by the turnstiles, which are checked and recorded by the City authorities. On the motion of Mr. Malcolm Dunn, it was re- solved to contribute £20 of the surplus to the general funds of the Association, £5 to the benevolent fund of the Association, £5 to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and £."> to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. An honorarium was also presented to Messrs. Munro and Ferguson, the joint honorary secretaries, who by their energetic and intelligent management did so much to render the show a success. Mr. D. P. Laiud moved, and Mr. Rushton seconded, that the Association should hold another Chrysanthemum Show on similar lines to the last, and the motion was all but unanimously carried, and a committee appointed to draw up a schedule immediately. United Horticultural Benefit and PROVIDENT SOCIETY.— The quarterly meeting of the above Society was held on Monday evening at the Caledonian Hotel, Mr. Riley Scott in the chair, and on this occasion four new members were elected, making the total for the past year forty-two. The annual meeting has been arranged to take place on Monday evening, February 10, at the above-named hotel. The secretary, Mr.W.CoLLiNs, of 9, Martiudale Road, Balham, S.W., will be happy to answer any inquiries respecting the above useful Society. PROFESSOR LAWSON.— Notification has ap- peared in tbv London Gazette of Her Majesty's approval of the appointment of Professor Lawson as Argentine Consul at Halifax, Nova Scotia. " L'ORCHIDEENNE."— At the meeting held at Brussels on the 12th inst., a Diploma of Honour of the first class was awarded to M. Linden, for Afirides augustianum, a new species from the Philippines. First-class Certificates were awarded to Odonto- glossum Rossi var. shown by Madame Gibez ; to an unnamed Odontoglossum shown by M. Hye- Leysen; to O. Pescatorei album, from M. Hye- Leysen ; to Cypripedium Arthurianum from M. "Wallaert. Second-class Certificates were given to Odontoglossum Cervantesii var. lilaceum, from M. Warocque' ; to Oncidium splendidum, from Mr. Van Imschoot; to Cypripedium nitens, from M. Linden ; and to Cattleya Triana;, shown by M. Linden, as well as by M. Vervaet. A Cultural Certificate of the first class was awarded to M. Linden, for Masde- vallia Macrura ; to Madame Block, for Cypripedium caudatum. A Cultural Certificate of the second class was awarded to M. Warocque, for a variety of Odontoglossum crispum. The First Snowdrop.— On the 9th of the present month we had the delight of gathering the first Snowdrops of the year, and these from a cold, Jani^h* 18, 1890. THE GA I? H ENER >S" < ' HE ON I CLE. Fill. 13,— SOLAMDM MACHANTHUM — THE TBEE POTATO! EL0WE8S UEE1' LILAC. (SEE P. 75.) 82 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, ^January 18, 1890. clayey, damp garden, with a northern aspect, and one in which, as a rule, all spring flowers are late in making their appearance. Front the state of ex- pansion of the flowers, when first seen on the 9th, it was obvious that they must have been in bloom on the 8th at least. Thinking the date unusually early, we turned to the records at our disposition, with this result : the earliest date recorded, so far as we know, and during a period of fifty-five years, is December 24, 1778. This was recorded by Mr. Markham, in a paper read before the Royal Society on April 2, 17S9, extracts from which were reprinted in our columns in April 7, 1888. Setting this on one side as quite exceptional, or as applying to a special variety, such as that known as octobrensis, we turned to Whites Selboume, wherein we find that on the average of twenty-five years the earliest date (in Hampshire) noted was January 10, the latest, February 5. Markwick's observations, for the period, noted in the same book, and made in Sussex, show January 18 as the earliest. The Cobham Becords, edited by Miss Ormerod, cite January 10 in 18.34 as the earliest day, and Feb- ruary 2.3 in 1838 as the latest, the mean date being February 2 — "an amplitude" of forty-six days. At Marlboro' (Wilts) as recorded by Mr. Roberts, in his Naturalist's Diary, the earliest date is noted as January 11, the average being the 28th, the latest February 16. The mean of fifty-five annual observations in Norfolk give January 15 as the average date of the first appearance of the Snow- drop ; while in Surrey, the mean of twenty annual observations gives February 2 as the average date. According to Mr. Preston, who has tabulated the results, during ten years of observations made at fifty different places in the British Isles, the average date of flowering is on January 27. The earliest noted was on January 14 in 187o ; the latest on the forty-sixth day of the year (i.e., February 15) in 1880. This latter date is noteworthy. Those who remember the dreadful season of 1879, when rain was almost continuous, and the sun well-nigh banished from these isles, a state of things followed by a severe winter, will not be surprised to hear that not only the Snowdrop, but other flowers were behindhand in 1880. Thus the Hazel was not noticed till the fifty-seventh day, instead of the twenty-ninth ; the Celandine (Ficaria) till the sixty-fourth day, instead of the forty-ninth, and so with others. The year 1881 was also a very backward one, owing, no doubt, to the severity of the previous winter. Unfortunately, in these cases there is in general no corresponding record of soil temperature, a most important factor in these cases. Taking the whole of the recorded observations, it appears that the average of the earliest dates of flowering of the Snowdrop for the whole country is the 11th of January, the average of the latest observed first flowering is the forty-ninth day of the year (February 18), the mean between the two extremes being thus the 30th of January. If the average obtained by dividing the sum-total of the observa- tions by their number be taken, the result arrived at is the 28th. So that on the whole it may safely be assumed that the first flowering of the Snowdrop may on the average of the whole country be expected be- twcenthe28thand30th, being earlier or later accord- ing to season and locality. Unfortunately in these calculations not only is any reference to soil tem- perature wanting, but also all consideration of the particular variety of Snowdrop. This is scarcely ever recorded (never so far as we have seen), and yet, as connoisseurs know, there is a very wide range in this particular in the same season, and in the same garden, according to the variety. M. COSSON. — The death of this eminent systematic botanist is announced. M. Cosson had a fine library and museum, and for some years past had been collecting materials for a Flora of the Barbary States. A Law to Protect Gentian.— The Gentian, whose roots, not alone of use in medicine, but also in the fabrication of a kind of spirit much patronised by the natives of the mountain regions where the plant is found, is in danger of being extirpated by the practice of digging out its roots before the seed time. The Saltzburg Landtag, with the view of preventing the entire loss of this plant, has passed a law which forbids the digging up of the roots when they are of less diameter than 2 centimetres. As this diameter is attained only by a three-year-old plant, two seasons of seeding are secured. Garten and Blumeiuvitung, Deesmb r, 1889. The Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In- stitution.—The following is a statement of the receipts and payments for the year ending Decem- ber 31, 1889, presented to the annual meeting on the 16th :— Dr. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. To Bilance, 1888 671 1 1 Annual subscriptions... 1328 0 0 Donations at and incon- sequence of annual dinner 2151 .". 10 Collecting cards 991 9 9 Advertisements 477:! 15 63 1 0 — 4836 16 7 Dividends on Stock ... 606 12 6 Interest on deposits ... 7.1 14 — 680 7 1 Legacy, viz :— Proceeds cf legnej cf the late — Rv- lnnds, Esij 527 1 9 cent. Co 0044 i) n £-1691 1 1 9 Stock in 2 j pel isols, £.-3.000. Or. £ J . rf. By Pensions and gratuitie 2318 1 1 4 Secretary's salary and lonorarh m £186 5 0 Rent of offices ... 7-t 0 0 Stationery ... 25 6 8 Book of cheques 3 6 8 Printing ... 155 0 0 Expenses of annual din ... 153 16 111 Marion & Co.. for frames ... 4 14 Postages and sundry petty penses ... 140 9 1 Amount placed on deposit ...£1000 0 0 Purchase of £1900 Two-and-Three- Quarter per cent. Consols ...1846 14 0 Balance WithTn ,, Secretary Audited, January 13, 1890 i John Lee. . J. F. Mestok I J. WlLLAItl'. At the election held on Thursday last the follow- ing candidates were placed on the list of pensioners : — James Baillie, Sophia Burt, Mary A. Milroy, Elizabeth Parker, Sarah Brush, Robert Cox, Geo. W. Young, Maria Milley, and James Robinson. The Royal Horticultural Society and the National Rose Society.— We are glad to be able to announce that the following prizes for Tea and Moss Roses are offered for competition by members of the National Rose Society at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society to be held on June 24 next : — Class 5. For amateurs only, six varieties Tea and Noisette Roses, three blooms of each, £2, £1, and 10s. First and 2nd prizes by Mr. F. Cant ; 3rd, by Mr. G. Prince. Class 6. For nurserymen only, twenty-four varieties of Teas and Noisettes (distinct), £2 10s., £1 10s.. and £1. Offered by Dr. Hogg. Class 7. Twelve varieties of Teas and Noisettes (distinct), three blooms of each, £2 10s., £1 10s., and £1. Offered by W. H. Fowler, Esq. Class 8. Open. Twelve varieties of Moss Roses, in bunches, £1 10s. and £1. Offered by Messrs. G. Bunvard, of Maidstone, and Messrs. Cooling, of Bath. Class 9. Open. A basket of Tea and Noisette Roses, in tripod wicker baskets, as at the National Rose Society's shows ; Rose foliage only to be used. Offered by Messrs. Paul & Son. Such co-operation to a common end is most value- able, particularly when in this case two distinct principles are represented — the competitive and the educational, both of which are necessary to the end in view. Iu this way great part of the work of the special societies could be done at less cost, and with less unnecessary frittering away of energy than under the existing circumstances, and without any weaken- ing of the parent Society. Stock-taking : December, i839.— a great change has come over the face of affairs since our last note on stock-taking. The joys of the Christ- mas season are replaced by the wheeze and the sneeze of the so-called influenza patient; but even in these returns we can find hope for the thousands of sufferers ! There appeared iu the public press a few days since a paragraph to the effect that in certain parts of southern Africa this so-called influenza was a common disorder amongst the native population, who on b?ing attacked ran, not for the hospital, but for the orange-groves (the fruit being always ripe at such times), and sucked the healing juice until such time as they could contain no more, when the evil spirit had departed. So for Londoners it will be glad news that there is a grand importa- tion of oranges and lemons. The importation of these two beautiful fruits during the month just past amounted to 1,354.712 bushels. So now — bearing " Southern Africa " and its natives in mind — may fruits and disease disappear together ! There are a few other imports to note, however, as coming from foreign countries and British posses- sions, which we give in the usual tabular form as follows : — 18SS. 1889. Difference. Total value of imports £. 37.910,625 £. 33,267,934 £. +327,309 J II.— (A.) Articles of food and drink — dutyfree 12,457,038 11,760.004 —697,034 (B.) — do., dutiable 2,49.0,995 2,367,896 — 123,0;.9 $VI. — Kaw materials for textile manufac- tures (including Flax, Hemp, and Jute) 10,200,838 10,232,829 +31,991 $VII. — Baw materials forsundry industries and manufactures (including wood and timber, hewn, sawn, split, dressed ; vege- table materials, lor paper-making, &c.) 2,814,493 3,029,375 + 1-:4.SS3 §IX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass, Flax, Eape, Linseed) 1,685,365 1,657,703 -87,662 The following excerpts have the usual interest:— 1888. 18S9. Difference bush. S77.309 426.629 —450.680 26.283 45,060 + 18.778 355,633 324,600 —31,033 cwt. 108,610 18,311 —90,299 Value £13,200 £29.836 —13,364 $ II. Fruit:— Apples, raw Unenumerated, : Onions Potatos Vegetables, raw ated Once more the British market gardener will note that " minus has it." It would be interesting to note under existing conditions of health, if there is any increase in the imports of Cinchona, but the figures are not given, further than that there is an increase of £3000 in the value of "unenumerated drugs." EOSE STATISTICS. (Continued from p. hi.) The Best Twelve Teas for Show. Here, as with the H.P.'s, some varieties that are comparatively new or little known, e.g., .Madame Hoste, Ethel Brownlow, &c, are probably deserving JaSTABY 18, 1890.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 83 ot a somewhat higher rank than they here obtain ; but this, time and trial can alone decide. List v. The He*t Twelvl Teis for Shoic Blooms. (73 raters.) Catherine Merniet .. . Corntesse de Nadailla . Marechal Niel . Marie van Houtte . Souvenir d'Elise . Tn: ocente Pirola . Souvenir d'un Ami .. her . Hon. Edith Gifford .. . The B i i- . Anna Olivier 71 32. Souvenir de P-iul Ney- i S5 rou .".. 62 32. Sunset. \ 61 31. Mm". Hoste , ."■; 31. Che-hunt Hvbrid 19 31. Bouled'Or " IS 31. Souvenir de Gab. Dre- ; H ret | 13 31. Ri/.a du Pan- I 39 31. LadyMaryFitewillianl ) \'i-i . ■ Fi Amazjne Mme. Margottin ... | Dime. Falcot . - Beatrice ... 1 . 37 ■'«. (Custer miensin Francisco Kruger Mrae. Cusin Perledes 3 a I Wale, ... Belle Lvonnnise Mme. Willermoz ... M;ne. Hippolyte .la- main , Ktoile de Lyon Bloire lie Dijon 2i 16 21 lli 19 18. 18 46. ! Ethel Browi Mme. Welch Panisse Gloire Lyom TerledeLyon Mme. Berard Souvenir de la Mai- .lean Pernet Souvenir ! Levet Triomphe de Renin - . ■■■.il Mme. Churl-, Luciole .- The Next Best Twelve Tea,. < H these I have only given those obtaining live or more votes, there being fifty-three others named. Again, it is obvious that the higher ones in List V. will figure among the lower in the present list, as they have already received almost as many votes as possible. List vi. ; ' Votes. 1 8. Mme. Bravy 2. M. Lamb rrd Vi P iril Ney- ' ne ECu »tef iger nir 'I'uu Ami ... I 7. Devoniensis y. 7. Mme. Willem - i ... ' 12. Jean Itti her 1 . 12. Mme. Cusin f' 11. Mme. rle 'A itl 1.-.. lOlii ID. Perle des .1 n ; 17. Mme n,].; main •■ Kord ... 19. [an iceatc . le 22. Mme. Margottin 23. Mine Van Houtte 21. Mme. Welch... I 1 1 I'Or I i iger i 27. Adam ... ... ... . i I Devi ' i l( 30. Belle Lyonn li e * 33. Souren vl ' ' net .. J SI. Mme Berard ' 7 il Qloirede Dijon ... I oird'EI 39. Mine. I ile X.il.i-.lhi ... 1 . : List vir. /. • . ti in .. / . i ,,■ ,. i ■(, This list practically gives the best twenty-four Teas, in tin- opinion of the voters, for show pur- poses : — [ i i:,. Mm-. Bravy .. 26 i met 71 7 78 16. The Bride ... ■':; I I il \ in 17. Caroline Kil- II. mile ... • .' I i i ■ Devoniensis ... 21 16 Nadaillac ... ■■• ■■ il 19. I i 1. Souvenir d'un l" rr 1 • 25 II Ami ... u I in ... !■ ."■ II :,. .1.. in Daoher i i i 7. Souvenii d'El . . M ' I 'erli dee J«i dins 13 20 33 roln 19 I 1 -2. Mine. Willer- moz 10, Niphetos ... i- il 59 21. Etoile de Lyon !l RubeiU I ^..uvenir .le 12. Anna Olivier . 35 il 58 Paul Keyron i.'. Hon. i 26 Mm i, i5 .'.. I Kippo- 13, Mme. lyte Jamain 0 1- 21 ! The next fewcolumns in the Statistical Returns have received 80 few answers that those who may happen to be interested in the subjects which they concern will not find it any great lubour to summarise them for themselves. The Twelve Haediest Teas. Those receiving less than five votes have been omitted, as they included the name of almost every known Tea. List vtii. The Twelve Hardiest Teas. (53 Voters.) Votes i"i Iselle Lyonnaise ... 39 Bouquet d'Or 32 Mme. Cusin 31 ' Mme. de Watteville 26 Etoile de l.yon 21 Innoceuta Pirola ... Jules Finger Caroline Ku-t-r . Homer Catherine Merm :l Mme. Willermos Mm;. Uravv ird Safrano Mme. Falcot Grace Darling Anv Exceptionally Delicate Teas. In this list it must be remembered, in contradis- tinction to all others, that the greatest hononr is to be at the bottom, and IX. y hrUtophle Isabella Sprunt ... onnaise ... Mme. Bravy i ue .1 ■ hi Pernet M ms. Fort ido ... . Lennox... lime. Falcot , . ! ird'Anjou Sauvenir -le o. breve . . oh W. F. Bennett ... I'uu Ami Dame ... I isis Souvenir n i W - i firola... M ire chal Xiel Watteville , Gilford •Mme. Eugene Verdier ler *i.a!n iruue i ... loisscau '■ The preceding list would have been of more general use to the inexperienced if the question a«keil had referred to " hardiness to withstand frost." As it is, it appears to be evident that some, in making this return, have reg irdi d " weakly growing" as synonymous ionally delicate" — e.g., Madame Cusin is undeniably a somewhat poor grower, but it is very hardy against cold, whereas those marked with an asterisk f*| are among tin- easiest victims to Km I trust, therefore, that those who have been kind I lo vote on Ibis question of delicacy will not be offended by m hope th il the general public, for whom alone 1 am venturing to make I lose hi to the verdict of this or the following li.-t. but will try for themselves ; and in particular thai they will lei nothing deter them from planting that perhaps most lovely of all lovely Teas, Comtesse de Nadaillac, which in my own garden, tor Instance, proves as hardy as any, though not quite so vigorous a grower as some. It may further l.e taken for granted that any not named in either List VIII. or IX. are neither especially l, auk.- in .i- particularly delicate. However, to reap the true vain ol I sts VIII. and IX., it remains to coml i'm i, ,.; rathi i to subtract IX. from VIII., ,■■• , n . il Ula, ni ■/ (To be continued.) RAILWAY RATES. Terminals. — The railway rates enquiry is now approaching a stage of great importance to the horticultural trades. We understand that a meet- ing of these trades h is bei n called by the Nursery and Seed Trade Association for Monday next, at the " Windsor Hotel," Victoria Street, Westminster, at which meeting a report will be given on the present p isition of the enquiry, and steps taken with a view to deciding the class of evidence to be laid before the tribunal charged with the enquiry. The position of the matter to-day is somewhat improved compared with the state of things in existence at the time of the opening of the enquiry. Already certain articles have been moved to lower classes, conces- sions have been made (as we recently pointed out) with regard to " smalls," and a new class for " perish- able merchandise " has been created. There remains to be considered the classification of articles not yet agreed upon, and also the question of rates for con- veyance, and for station and terminal services. We propose this week to call our readers' attention to the subject of " Terminals," which is undoubtedly the most difficult of the questions to be decided; but before we do so, we would wish to correct a wrong impression which exists, we believe, in the minds of many who have but cursorily studied the matter, viz., that the traders of the country are endeavouring to reduce the rates charged by the railway companies — such is not really the case. If this were effected, and the revenues of the companies were materially reduced, the traders would very soon Had out that the remarkable facilities enjoyed by them at the present day would be also reduced. The interests of the railway companies and of the traders of the country are undoubtedly closely allied up to a certain point, but care must be taken that the ad- vantages of the one are not extended to the detri- ment of the other, and this is what the traders are contending so vigorously against. It is, as far as they are concerned, a war of defence and not of agression. Amongst other things, the companies are endea- vouring to have fixed, certain maximum, terminal charges for (I) station accommodation for goods, and _' i services rendered in handling goods. Terminal charges have always existed in some shape, and in- deed, have been recognised by the Law Courts — n otably i i the case of Hall v. The London, Brighton and S iuth Coast Railway, in which the right to make a terminal charge was tally discussed and decided upon, by the Queen's Bench— but they have hitherto been under the jurisdiction of the railway commis- sioners. Since the passing of the Railway and Canal Traffic Act, 1888, the railway commissioners have ceased to exist, and there will now be no means of B ipealing to any tribunal to settle any differences which may arise with regard to terminal charges. Hence the necessity for fixing maximum terminal charges which shall be fair anil reasonable, and at ie time bindiug alike on the railway com- panies and trailers ; and on the principle that a bad l.i.v is better than an uncertain one, it will be for the benefit of all that this should !>■■ done. But how is the terminal charge to be arrived at, and of what is it to consist? The railway companies are seeking to divide it as above-mentioned, but their right to make a charge under the second head is being strenuously opposed on the ground, that the charges for handling the goods are included in the rates for conveyance. It is different with regard to station terminals or charges for accommodation at stations for goods in transit. This charge represents that which was formerly made by the carrier before the development of rail- way goods traffic, at which period the carrier undertook the collection and delivery of goods, and supplied accommodation for storage. When, as pointed out in a previous number, the railway companies took over the businesses of the great earners, they erected goods stations and sheds in close proximity to their lines, and they have hitherto charged traders with a sum representing a fair per- centage on the capital provided for the erection of Buch buildings. Consequently, there has been no uniform charge made for station terminals, the amount being determined by the circumstances in connection with each station, and it follows that the cost of providing accommodation at a small country ,ii would be much less than at stations such as Manchester, Liverpool, or Birmingham. But the railway companies have arrived at a very simple method of fixing a maximum station ter- minal. They propose to lump the whole cost of constructing accommodation for goods throughout the kingdom, and strike an average. If this plan be a lopted, the small tradesman at an out-of-the-way station will be called upon to pay his share of the cost for accommodation and maintenance of ware- houses, &c, at all the centres of commerce. The companies profess to be unable to adopt any other means of arriving at a proper charge, but it is diffi- 84 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [Jani-aby 18, 1890. cult to see why the principle hitherto adopted can- not be continued. It must be borne in mind that the tonnage passing through large towns is very great ; and, even admitting the increased cost for accommodation, yet the rateable charge per ton would be decreased in proportion to the increase of traffic. The task of inquiring into the costs of con- struction of all the goods' stations in the kingdom is one at which Lord Balfour of Burleigh might well stare aghast, but that would appear to be the only satisfactory way of arriving at the data on which to base the terminal charge. With a view to avoid such an enormous expendi- ture of time ami money, it was suggested by the Board of Trade that they should appoint a Commis- sioner to inquire into, and report upon, the cost of construction of each station, and that this should be done concurrently with the holding of the inquin : but the Lord Mayor's Committee of Objectors appear to have considered that such an inquiry (at which the objectors would not be represented) would prove most unsatisfactory. It was therefore arranged for the present, at all events, that the railway compa- nies should select a certain number of representative stations, and submit their accounts for construction of them for the examination of the objectors. One of such " representative " stations selected by the London and North Western Railway Company was Northampton Castle Station, and the engineer-in- chief of that line was called to prove the cost of construction, and from him was elicited by Mr. Balfour Browne, Q.C., on cross-examination, the fact that in the construction of such station the com- pany spent £6000 in diverting the course of the River Nene, which originally ran across the site of the pre- sent goods station. If the " average terminal charge " is to be based on such expensive stations as this, it is feared that traders will be called upon to pay far more than their fair proportion. The objectors will naturally retaliate by selecting stations which have been erected at a minimum of cost, and the pros- pect of fixing a fair terminal charge will not be advanced. The attempt to fix a proper terminal charge is not of recent origin. So far back as 1861 a long discus- sion took place between the Chairman of the railway committee of the House of Lords (Lord Redesdale) and the various railway companies with this object, and a model clause was accepted by the railway companies (but which was, unfortunately, never incorporated in any Act of Parliament), to the effect that the railway companies should make a reasonable terminal charge for the accommodation afforded and service rendered other than the actual charge for conveyance, such charge in no case to exceed 2s. per ton for goods, and '.>'. per ton for minerals at each terminal station. The proposed terminal charge now reaches 5s. (id. per ton, being 2s. per ton for station ter- minal and 3s. Gd. per ton for service terminal. If one terminal charge of 2s. per ton would have satisfied the railway companies thirty years ago, it is difficult to understand why to-day they require two charges, amounting to nearly three times as much. It is true that the accommodation provided to-day is greater than it was then, but so is the traffic, and it is only fair to assume that the accommodation has been increased only in the same proportion as the traffic has. If it has been increased beyond such proportion (as, indeed, is suggested) then the traders ought not to be called upon to pay for accommoda- tion which is not required. The charges included by the railway companies under the head of " service terminals," which they seek to impose, embrace a variety of items, amongst which are the following : — Wages paid to clerks, agents, shunters, weighers, marshalmen, checkers, signalmen, signal lampmen, pointsmen, porters, watchmen, gatemen, also charges for stationery, coal, clothing, and numerous other things; and for all these they seek to make a charge to the trader, in addition to the charges for station accommodation and for conveyance. The greatest possible resistance will, of course, be offered to this charge, and we hope it will not be without good result. DARLINGTONIA CALIFORNIA. We are now able to lay before our readers an illustration (fig. 15) of the fine specimen of this Pitcher-plant, to which reference was made in our last issue by Mr. Burbidge (see p. 50). The figure is from a photograph, and the plant grows in Mount Merrion Gardens near Dublin, the lariest pitcher measuring 3 feet 9 inches in height. In lig. 14 a flowering example of this plant is shown. Plants and Their Culture. Potting and Shifting Plants. — Soon after this date the work of the plant grower commences in earnest, and much time may be saved by previously preparing the materials used. The various kinds of water carefully, and place the plants at the warmest corner of the stove, syringing the plants when the weather is fine, but not otherwise, for the present month. By getting these plants started into growth early, and allowing them to grow freely along the roof, and getting all the sun and light they can, the bloom, if the plants are well treated, will last for several months. Another lot of plants may be started in two or three months' time, and these will furnish the house with bloom till late in the year. A plant or two of Clerodendron Balfourianum started into growth now, will be found of service, and unless much larger specimens than last year's are desired, the roots should not be disturbed ; but if it become necessary to give a shift, the compost into which the plant should be shifted should consist of two parts good loam, one of rough fibrous peat, ai d the remainder may be decayed cow-manure, pieces of charcoal, and coarse sand, taking care not to break the old ball of earth, but only remove the loose crocks, and after repotting, place the plants at the Kill. 14. — DASLIN IA CAL1FOBNICA IN FLOWER. soils should be put under cover, either in sheds or by thatching the heaps outside, and in any case it should not get frozen. Peat may be prepared for use, and leaf-mould sifted, a good supply of both river and silver-sand being secured, and see that it comes from a clean source, and is free from any admixture, and not of too fine grain. All dirty pots ought to be washed, and new ones bought if found necessary, before the busy season begins. All the crocks required for draining pots should be washed, and sifted into various sizes. Old and new stakes may be sharpened in readiness for use. The compost should now be got in readiness for the first lot of Alla- mandas and Bougainvillea glabra, these being plants that are invaluable for cutting purposes when specially grown. The plants will have been kept dry during the last three months, and may be pruned back, and the roots placed in a tub of water till the mass of soil is thoroughly wetted, and laid aside to drain, the old loose soil being then removed, and some of the larger roots cut off. The repotting should be done with good fibrous yellow loam, to which rotten manure and bone-dust have been added in small quantities, and some half-inch bones placed over the drainage ; make the sojl firm by ramming it, cooler part of the stove, keeping them close to the light, and watering them very carefully till the new growth is several inches long. Ixoras should like- wise be started for early blooming, and these, having been kept rather drier, may now be pruned back, and repotted shortly in a compost consisting of three parts peat, to one of loam, together with a liberal quantity of coarse silver-sand, small pieces of char- coal, and a few half-inch bones, the latter being put over the crocks. Give them a place in a close pit, and a day temperature of 70° to 80°. As I have before observed, the old I. coccinea is still one of the best to grow for cut bloom. Dipladenias should be now starting into growth, and given the same treat- ment as advised for Ixoras, affording some bottom- heat if possible, and training them near the glass, the roof-glass being covered at night with a thick covering to maintain an even temperature. If Stepha- notis floribunda is wanted to flower eaily, plants of it may be started in heat, but for this purpose the plants must have had a good r< st, and have been kept in a cool house for several months, The plants should be pruned, and as soon a.- new growth com- mences, repotting must be doje, thoroughly satu- rating (!?e rgo$ m,a.sjes previously. The compost January 18, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 85 may be that advised for Allamandas. The plants shruld be syringed daily. A few of the earliest pots of Gardenias may be brought on in a temperature higher than that which the plants have wintered in, and manure-water afforded them after a week or two. or the flower-buds will be undersized. The bottom- heat may range from 80° to 90° at this date. Suc- cession plants of Gardenias must be kept scrupulously clean, or the blooms will be of no value, and with proper attention the merely bug pest is easily kept in chfck. Plants of Plumbago rosea going out of bloom should be kept a little drier for a time, that is, until new growth forms ; and cuttings should be secured may not unreasonably be inferred. And that this has been done with some accuracy is evident from the tone of your editorial remarks upon the action of the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society in insisting that all who take part in the affairs of the latter should be subscribing members of its body. This is a matter on which a little plain speaking appears desirable. I was a member of the Council at the time the decision was arrived at, and I cor- dially approved and supported it. It is important, to get a clear view of the question, to consider what the Royal Horticultural Society in its present con- dition really is. It is a body of persons who have i'lO. 15. InliliM.HAIA CAJ.UOKN1CA, (BKH P. 84 I as soon as possible from the young growth. If large plants be desired the old stock should be repotted, removing a large portion of the old soil and some of the strong roots. G. Wythes, Si/oh Gardens. Home Correspondence. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— It may be conceded that within the limits of fair criticism the editor of a paper is not " responsible for the opinions of any correspondent." But when the paper is made the channel for a persistent douche of fault finding, too often without any adequate basis, the sympathy of the editor with the malcontents agreed to co-operate for the attainment of certain ends which individually they cannot achieve. The first requisite for doing anything is obviously the possession of a common income. The main source of this is the contribution of the members. Now the present constitution of the society is essentially democratic ; it is composed of all classes of the community. The constitution of the governing body, the Council, is in the hands of the members, and its present composition reflects that of the Society itself, consisting as it does of amateurs, officials, nurserymen, and gardeners. What ground in equity or common sense then is there for granting to indi- viduals pecuniary privileges which are not shared by all ? How can we invite persons interested in horti- culture, but often of very moderate means, to join our body if" many amateurs and gentlemen uncon- nected directly with horticulture" are to niter it gratuitously by a back door ? At the time the Council's decision was arrived at it is notorious that the Society was greatly straitened for want of means. It was absolutely necessary to get rid of these ano- malous privileges which were part of the " damnos hereditas"of South Kensington. Its action in placing all the members on the same footing as regards pay- ment, is said to have been " discourteous and ill- judged." Well, it is better to have these epithets hurled at one's head than to be courteous with other people's money and at other people's expense. In my opinion it would have been repugnant to common honesty to make a present of their subscription (in any but the exceptional cases provided for by the bye-laws), to any person with a sufficient taste for horticultural pursuits to wish to take part in our proceedings. That " any gentleman or amateur " should feel himself debarred from doing so by the obstacle of a guinea subscription is inconceivable. In any case if there be such persons, we must do our best to get on without them. W. T. Thiselton Dyer, Royal Gardens, Kew. [As to the particular point raised, whilst there is no doubt as to the general correctness of the position taken up by Mr. Dyer, it is precisely to the exceptional oases mentioned by our correspondent that our remarks applied. — Ed.] The much esteemed Hon. Secretary of this society exhibits some impatience when the acts of his Council are subjected to adverse criticism, but the fact must be recognised that a so- ciety is a democracy, and a body not to be governed despotically, but by the general con- sent and approval of all its members, therefore it should be the duty of the Council to gather so far as possible, the general views of the members, and in this case especially, the opinions of the active working members, so as to bring the actions of the society into harmony with general opinion. To that end the Council should welcome heartily criticisms from every quarter, and especially adverse ones, because it is through these chiefly that the mind of the mass of the members is gauged, and defects of administration not visible to the official eye are discovered. It is best to think in all these cases that every critic has tin' welfare of the society at heart. It would be very wrong indeed to imagine otherwise. Let me make it clear that however much it may be needlul to differ from what is sometimes done, yet Mr. WUks is such an energetic, hard-working secretary, that much is tolerated for that reason, which all the same may be thought to be wrong. Xow the frequent criticisms and references made to the diverse acts of the Council, especially in relation to the' Committees, show that there is a very wide interest in the society's welfare existing in the community, and for that interest the Council should be very grateful. Xo similar society in the kingdom evokes one half the interest, Put those Fellows who do object to anything done by the Council, no matter how trifling, havp their annual constitutional opportunity close at hand. The general meeting takes place next month, and on the moving of the adoption of the report, the widest range of subjects connected with the society can lie discussed and 1 suggest that it would be well to take advan- tage of that chance to raises full discussion respecting the appointment of the Committees, and their general treatment. All the members of these bodies should remember that they are now fellows, and can exercise at the general meeting the full right of members, to demand explanations, and urge changes of adminis- tration. I fear generally the Council have overlooked the fact that in regard to their later treatment of members of the Committees, that many of those gentlemen are called to adjudicate upon mure im- portant matters than they do at the Drill Hall, that they are paid liberal fees, also travelling expenses, and have all due refreshments provided for them, and that their decisions, often of the highest importance, are not supervised as at the Drill Hall by the Committee of the society they are engaged by. At Manchester, for instance, Mr. I'indlay, who is a tower in horticulture, indeed, would never dream of insulting the gentlemen of wide expeiience he invites on behalf of his council to act as his judges by sub- jecting their decisions to some supervision by his council — the thing would be too absurd. Their decisions are final, why not so at the Drill Hall? [Because the Council has to bear the responsibility.] The exhibition of a notice on all subjects certifi- cated by the Committee, that such awards are subject to the sanction of the Council, are intolerably galling ; and I marvel, first, that any body like the Council Bhould subject its Committee to such humiliation — 86 THE (L 1 7? D E XEB S' G TIB 0 XI CL E. [January 18, 189(5. but still further do I marvel that the Committees should submit. But after all, the general meeting is the proper place to thresh out all grievances, and the actual desire of the Committees for more freedom and liberal treatment will then be tested. A Fellow, but not a Committee-man. [We quite concur that the general meeting is the proper tribunal, and in spite of these more or less legitimate complaints, we have no doubt whatever that the general verdict must be unmistakeably in favour of the Council for the efforts they have" made in putting the Society on a proper basis. Ed ] CHRYSANTHEMUM SHOW DATES— It was almost amusing to find " R. D." in the Gardeners' Chronicle complaining of the Koyal Horticultural Society fixing the date of its November meeting on the same date as that fixed for Kingston and the National Society's Centenary Exhibition, and urging the Royal Horti- cultural Society to put its meeting a week earlier ; whilst in The Garden another correspondent com- plains of the National having fixed its Show dates to clash with Kingston, Birmingham, and other of the provincial shows, and invites the fixing of an earlier date. Probably the Show authorities may exclaim "A plague on both your houses," for it is evident that no date will please everybody. It is worthy of remark, however, that the Royal Horti- cultural Society did wisely fix the date for its Chrysanthemum Conference of the past year during the first week in November, and doubtless owing to the season being early, and no important Show being antagonistic, was highly favoured. Of course it is not intended to hold in November this year any special Chrysanthemum gathering, but all the same, it does seem as if the meeting must greatly suffer because of the big attraction at the Aquarium. But then there is very much wisdom in the other advice to the National to bring its Show forward a week, as without doubt last year, and probably in most years henceforth, both because it is the rule to strike cuttings earlier, and to house plants in the autumn earlier ; the best show blooms come rather early than late, and scores of growers last year would have given their eye teetli to have been enabled to exhibit earlier than they finally did, or failed to do. There is just a shade of suspicion that some of the grumbling comes from would-be judges who cannot emulate Sir RoyleBache's Javeona bird, and be in two places at once; but as some of the elect seem to exhibit a desire to grab all the engagements possible, which is little less than avaricious, there will be some conso- lation (ound in the fact that others as good but less bold men have got a share of the spoils, which seem so plentiful in the Chrysanthemum show season. 0. P. Q. ARNEBIA CORNUTA.— In a notice of this plant on p. 52, " R. D." speaks of it as "the first annual species of this genus." If he means by this that no annual Arnebia has before been cultivated in Eng- land, I can assure him that he is mistaken. A few years ago some packets of seed were sent to me from North-Western India, many of which produced flowering plants. One of these when sent by me to Kew, was named Arnebia Gritlithi, and it was an annual, with flowers very nearly resembling those of Arnebia echioides ; but the plant, being an annual, was inferior in habit to the perennial and more easily cultivated Arnebia echioides, which flowers for half the year ; so after recording the flower, I think in the Gardeners' Chronicle, I took no trouble to continue its cultivation. C. Wolley Bod, Edge Hall, Malpas, Jan. 12. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— I am very pleased to read " G.'s " letter in this week's issue. A little healthy criticism is always welcome ; it shows interest, and does good in many ways. Before helping " G." to see straight, I would just like to say how grateful we of the Committee feel for the very generous and liberal support that has been given to the Gardeners' Orphan Fund ever since it has been established. It is the most earnest desire of the Committee to carry out the wishes of the subscribers, and to give as much assistance to the poor orphans as the funds placed at our disposal will permit of. If " G." will read, I will try to explain— that the monies received for the Fund are of two classes, viz., annual subscriptions, interest, &c, which may be termed income, and secondly, donations, legacies, &c, which have to be invested. The Committee have no power in the matter as the rules at present exist. If the investments seem large in proportion to the annual income, it is simply that the givers preferred giving it so. We never refuse money, whether given in the form of a donation or as income. " G." is astonished that being able to invest £2525 lis. 1(W., we could only make allowances of £130 15s. to the orphans " during the past year." This is scarcely a correct statement, the investment of £2525 lis. KM. referring to the balance sheet of 1880, upon which £247 a year is being paid, and the allowances of £139 15s. to the year previous. This is not, however, of much importance. If'G. "ill kindly turn to the figures again, he will see the annual income, out of which all expenses have to be met, will not admit of much more being done. That some modification of the present rules may now be advisable to adopt so as to bring some of the funds in more direct application, I am disposed to believe would be beneficial. If " G." is disposed to assist the fund, let him secure plenty of annual subscribers — the more support he and friends can give in this way the more orphans will be provided for ; but the adop- tion of a policy which he advocates of blind trust in something going to turn up, and incurring responsi- bilities there are no visible means of meeting, would be sheer recklessness and folly. Prudence begets confidence, and confidence in the management of this Fund has secured the support of a great many gardeners throughout the country. A. F. Barron, Hon. Secretary. In reference to the letter, in your last issue, signed "G," complaining that too much money is invested and too little devoted to the orphans, it appears to me that the writer, for whose opinions one would feel greater respect had he signed his name, stands condemned on his own showing. He seems to admit that he is in a hopeless minority, and therefore he can scarcely, with justice, blame the executive for following a course of action which commends itself to the majority. Nothing is easier than to complain in generalities; but let us see how the facts stand. The fund has been established for a period of two completed years. At the first election, all the appli- cants were elected, so that upon that occasion, I suppose, "G." will admit, all that it was possible to do was done. In arranging for the second election, held in July last, the executive, having no prece- dents to go upon, took what they considered, and what I venture to aver, was the very wisest course open to them, viz., to seek the opinion and advice of an actuary of one of the largest insurance companies in London. Their appeal was most generously responded to by Mr. A. H. Smee, who after taking considerable pains, strongly recommended that only five candidates should be elected. In the end, however, six candidates were placed on the fund ; so that here, I think, the committee showed a careful aud wise discretion in the exercise of the powers vested in them. What lines of procedure will he adopted at the next election remains to be seen ; but I submit that they have hitherto manifested a proper care and forethought for the interests of the fund. But apart from his individual opinion, " G." advocates a course of action in direct opposition to the rules by which the executive are bound to administer the fund. Rule 5 distinctly states that " all donations and legacies (and such proportion of the annual sub- scriptions as shall be sanctioned by the executive committee) shall be invested in the names of the trustees." While this rule remains, and it is not in the power of the committee to alter it (see rule 15), such a course as that advocated by " G." is impossible, and I venture to add, inadvisable. Has " G." considered what a bad impression would be created in the public mind by an attempt to float an institution like this with a barren exchequer ? On very many occa- sions I have heard the executive congratulated upon the growing solidity of the fund, and upon the public confidence which so goodly an invested sum inspired. Yet another point, and that a very important one. which appears to have escaped the notice of "G." It should be remembered that more than 50 per cent, of our income last year consisted of donations, and 25 per cent, of one donation — £500 by the Duke of Bedford — so that we must not be surprised if the aggregate of our receipts in the current year falls short of that of last year by this amount. Last year must be taken as an exceptional year, for we cannot, of course, count upon anyone else treating the fund with like liberality. Here, then, will commence the advantage of a reserve fund. For these and several additional reasons I could advance, the executive have undoubtedly acted wisely by not launching out too freely until the success of the fund has been assured. First well establish the concern, secure for it a sound reserve fund, and then when some years' experience shall have enabled the Committee to ade- quately gauge the annual income, it will be easy to esti- mate the expenditure it will be able to bear. Money may be rightly spent after having obtained it ; but it is the imprudent man who spends it before he gets it. A steady, solid growth, with a corresponding annual accession to the number of orphans, will inspire greater confidence, and will work to greater advantage than a spasmodic rush into a position from which we might find it difficult to retreat. I need hardly say that if " G." has any practical suggestions to offer, and will communicate them either to Mr. Barron or myself, he mav rest assured that they will be duly submitted to the executive, by whom I feel sure they will be gratefully appreciated. Geo. Deal, Chairman of Committee. DUBLIN. — Lovely weather here, like Nice or Genoa. Narcissus minimus, N. pallidus-prascox in flower; Primroses by the hundred, Iris reticulata, I. eyanea, and the new golden I. BornumiUleri, a dainty gem ; as is also Iris stylosa alba, with its Ctclogyne cristata- like flower ; Christmas Roses are, and long have been, very floriferous and acceptable to our friends as grouped with the ruddy leaves of Tellimagrandiflora rubra, a Henchera-like plant, not known, as I believe in England, where the green-leaved type is common. Saxifraga Burseriana major is such a gem. Snowdrops are budding up through the soil ; Galanthus Elwesi, G. umbricus, from Central Italy ; G. imperati, from Naples ; and several other species are en evidence. F. W. Burbidge. THE HABITATS OF PLANTS, &C — A propos of this note, p. 55 in your issue for January 11, I never saw Lilium auratum growing wild in Japan, or as a vegetable, or with more than five or six flowers on one stem, but the flowers seemed individually larger than ours. J. Van Voiron. RAILWAY RATES.— Bv your notice on railway rates it does not appear that any advantage has been gained on present rates, at any rate so far as the Great Eastern Railway is concerned. On page 755, vol. vi., col. a, line 17, " If in quantities of less than 560 lb. at passenger train rates, for small parcels at per cwt. per mile." The next paragraph explains the " smalls." and I find that 28 lb. sent 30 miles will be Is. 10.W. — present charge by above railway is Id. Also 5(5 lb. sent 30 miles will be 2s. 9§(2. — present charge for the same is 10r?. You do not state if every package is to be weighed and charged sepa- rately by the same train ; if so, the favourite cross- handle basket will be useless, for hothouse fruit in large packages are very risky consignments, so I trust they are to be charged and weighed as one. Where is the British Fruit Growers' Association that blew a loud blast two years ago ? R. Farrance. A HORTICULTURAL HALL.— We are very pleased to see you are giving publicity to suggestions as regards a hall for horticulture. After reading the various comments respecting it, many must have been surprised at the wide difference of opinion as to the best method of attaining the object in view. The Editor in the Gardener's Chronicle, Jan. 4, 1890, in reviewing our circular which proposes to solicit donations from the wealthy who have horticulture at heart, remarks "Like our friends we too hope to see the day when we shall have ' a hall worthy of our great nation,' and one which shall be available not only for the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society, but of all the Special Societies, of the Library, of the Horticultural Club, of the charitable societies connected with horticulture. This has been a dream for many a long year, but when we see the proposal being sent broadcast we begin to hope the dream may be fulfilled." Our friend, Mr. Hibberd, in the Gardeners' Magazine, Gardeners' Chronicle, Journal of Horti- culture, Gardening World, and probably a host of other papers, says if our suggestions are carried out it will be a mockery, delusion, and a snare, and almost commands his friends not to have a hand in such an awful and dangerous work; yet the very same means we suggest are adopted to build nearly all our churches, chapels, and many other public buildings, and how your readers will understand and reconcile the statements coming from two such distinguished men is beyond compre- hension. However, delighted to think that we have been the means of publicly uncovering the light which Mr. Hibberd has so long kept under a bushel. If he alludes to us as the friends who heard of his scheme — a sort of a pseudo-joint-stock market or co- operative store company or some such kindred title— our friend was never more mistaken in his life ; he should be sure, and certainly show some evidence before putting forth such statements. Mr. Hibberd JANUARY 18, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' QH1WNICLE 87 also speaks of a resolution he put to the meeting in 1888, and lost. A year before that, in the side room at the Albert Hall, we asked the Council not to finally engage the Drill Hall until the Fellows had had time to consider its adaptability ; and again at the same meeting, he (Mr. H.) mentions, we proposed that we should ask the Crystal Palace Company ; this was also lost, consequently, here is far more ground for considering that his ideas were borrowed from us. He was present on both occasions, and probably heard us converse with many persons about procuring a site on the Thames Embankment. We think we are safe in saying very few projects have had a happy time where capital has had to be borrowed for horticultural purposes. Many have had, we know, a disastrous ending. No one knows the extent of such, better than our friend, yet he almost makes it appear as if the Horticultural Society is not doing as much good work and is deserving of sympathy, as any of the Polytechnic Iastitutiosn whose eleemo- synary donations are to the extent of £.50,000 a year in London. Our friend is so definite and determined on this point, that we are afraid if some well-wisher were to bequeath us. for this Hall, a thousand or so in the same way as Mr. Davies, Mr. H. would by his teachings be for immediately returning such donation, and saying it would lower the dignity and injure the very foundation of our society ; every farthing to build this hall must be obtained by its own c immi i cial pursuits, and of course be called "The Royal Horticultural Hall Trading Co., Unlimited," the very thing in our opinion to destroy its charter, character, independence, and all the purposes for which the Society isintended. However.judging from thi enquiries of the sort of building needed, our hop. is are more and more strengthened that we shall have assist- ance from some amongst the great and wealthy of this country, and so be enabled to place the society in a ci mfortable and becoming building, equal to those possessed by horticulturists in Belgium and America, to which we could look up with pride and pleasure, and feel that the Society was advancing in the im- provement and encouragement of horticulture. //. ( ; Sons. (The matter has been " talked of" so long and by so mauy people that we think it would be very difficult to say who was the originator of the scheme. Ed.] Service-tree Beer.— Itiscommonlyaaei on page 050 of 1 1 li ' vol. vi.,thatthe English name Service-tree, as applied Co l'yrus Aria, 1' Sorbus, and their kind, is derived from the Latin word cervisia (beer), because this drink was formerly made from their berries i or leavi ■ '■ . The subject i^ not new to me, but 1 have again searched my not very large library to find out 1 1) what is most likely to be the derivation of Service-tree ; (3) whether bl M ever was made from the Service-tree or its con- gene] (3) what the Latin word cervisia really .-. 1. To change the initial ictd hard in old Latin, into », is a violation of the rules of etymology ; but in derivatives from Latin b is often changed into i\ and 0 sometimes into c. The old Latin name of the Service-tree is sorbin), in French tarbier, and in Spanish, according to Gerard's Herbal, the berries are called sorbas or servos. I think it more probable, therefore, on philo- ogical grounds, that service is a corruption of the old Latin name. Certainly the good old Saxon name, White-beam, might, for the reason alleged, have been changed into Service by some pedantic herbalist of the sixteenth century, had it really been used in making cervisia, but I find no trace of such an origin. •J. Virgil tells us (Georgio III., 380) that nations living north of the Danube spent the winter in under- ground houses, where in their nightly jollifications, they burnt elm trees whole, and drank home-made wine made of leaves (fermentum) and sour Service- berries (eurlj(i). Virgil's words are obscured in poetic elegance, but all the editors have followi 1 one another in suggesting that the drink was beer (cer- I find no other passage in the Latin classics in which eorba are mentioned as the ingredients of a drink, except in Pliny, who nam s them amongst fourteen kinds of fruit, such as Apples, Mulberries, Cornels, and Medlars, which were used in making imi- tations of grape wine (vina fictitia), but these wines as the context shows, were not like beer, but like what we call home-made wines, such as are now male from Elderberries, Gooseberries, Currants, &c. But Evelyn in his Sylva, describing the Mountain Ash or Quick-beam, a close ally of the White-beam, says, " Ale and beer brewed with these berries, being ripe, is an incomparable drink, familiar in Wales." He tells us also in another chapter that the fruit of the Service-tree " makes a condition of admirable effect to corroborate the stomach," but I search in vain for anything to corroborate his statement about the ale and beer, though it may be true. Gerard, who is full on the " virtues " both of the Quick-beam and the White-beam, says nothing about their use in brewing. 3. Pliny is the only Latin classical writer in whose work3 we find the word cervisia. He uses it of a drink made of cereal grain in Gaul, and other Roman provinces. In Spain it was called ceria; he might have added that in Britain it was called cu-.-ir, which, with a Latin termination, he would have spelt very like cero-itia. This name is supposed to have been adopted, and changed to Latin, from the language of the conquered Celtic nations, who used the drink, and to whom the same word went back again in its Latin form, becoming in French cervoisc, in Spanish ceray'a, and ir. Italian cervogia. Our Briton ances- tors, no doubt, brewed their cwzw from good malt, and not from anything so nasty as Service-berries. Malt ale, as Herodotus tells us, was in use amongst the ancient Egyptians, who called it " Zyth." Xenophon welcomed the same drink amongst the Armenian mountaineers, where he and his soldiers were dying of cold. He does not tell us its native name, but says that it was good, but very strong. Tacitus de- scribes the malt ale of the ancient Germans, aud Dioscorides, who calls it cour-mi (again the Celtic root of cwzw), says it was drunk by the Spaniards and Britons, as well as the ancient Egyptians. Having stated my case to show that cervisia was not Service-tree beer, I leave the matter to the judgment of the readers of this journal. C. Wolley Dod Hall, Ma ■ . SYCAMORE BUDS AND SQUIRRELS.— A few days ago when passing through a group of Sycamores, I was astonished to see a large quantity of leaf buds strewed on the ground under the trees, and thinking that birds were the authors of the mischief, I looked up to see which species of bird it was. To my surprise, instead ot biids, I saw a squirrel very nimbly leaping from branch to brunch, and apparently selecting the buds, but for what purpose I could not determine; but it seemed as much for mischief as for food, seeing that the buds were dropped as soon as bitten oil'. It would be interesting to know if any readers of the '• ' ni,-/r have previously noted the occurrence, and if it is usual lor squirrels to bite oil' the Ui is ol the Sycamore. Although squirrels are rather plentiful here, and injure many of the I'oiniei.e. no person to whom I have spoken on the subject has known them to have attacked the Sycamore before. May not the scarcity of Kir cones and bnckmast account for the injury done'/ ■/. u HELLEBORUS NIGER V. ANGUSTIFOLIUS.— At the present time there is a good display of this fine variety of Christmas Hose in the Vork Nurseries, some of the plants being very large, and with over one hundred snow-white blosa a on each. This is the plant which is grown SO finely in the vicinity of Manchester, and is in consequence sometimes called the "Manchester variety.'' For gardens where the loam is of a sandy nature, it is the best possible variety to grow ; if, however, the loam is heavy and inclining to clay, II. niger v. altifolius (maximus) should then be planted, it being one that is best suited for such soils. Ii. P. A group of nicely grown Ferns in pots was staged by Mr. H. B. May, Dyson's Nursery, Upper Edmonton, in which were some very useful Ferns. There were a fine plant of Nephrolepis davallioides, Adiantum ciliare, the crested compact Pteris cretica nobilis, Adiantopsis radiata, Lygodium dichotomum, Gymno- gramma multiceps, a vigorous growing form, and heavily crested ; also a large example of Pteris serru- lata gloriosa, a very full crested form, to which an award was made : it is likely to be of much use as a decorative plant. I'rom Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, S.W., was sent an interesting collection of Pitchers of Nepenthes, showing species and hybrids. There were examples of all the best kinds, which may be seen by the list given. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. January 14. — The first of this year's meetings of the several committees was held in the Drill Hall at Westminster last Tuesday, when, although the plants exhibited were by no means numerous, there was a strong muster of horticulturists, and also in the afternoon, during the instructive Lecture on " A i'orm of Winter Gardening," which was given by the Rev. W. Wilks. Floral Committee. I'i. i nt : Dr. M. T. Masters, I'M S., in the chair, and Messrs. R. Dean, T. Haines, F. Ross, II. Ilerbsf, J. Walker, G. Nicholson, II. B. May, II. Cannell, W. C. Leach, P. lilair, B, Wynne, II. Turner, C. Noble, (1. Paul, J. Eraser, R. B. Lowe, and W. Holmes. Va eciesand Va\ Nepenthes Nortniaiia eta l.ic.llc ;i! I glubreii l/eylal.ica) ,, rubra (zeylai rubra) gracilis major Hookeriana ,, elongata nea disl :ia Burkei Veitchii Rafrlesiana B Kennedyana albo-marginata ampullaria .. viltila ,, vittata major Nepenthes Curtisii ,, lsevis? Garden Hi/b' ids. Nepeuthes chelsoni ,, eylindrica ,, Dicksoniana ,, Dominii ,, Courtii ,, cocciuea ,, lijbrida ,, ,, maculata ,, intermedia ,, Mastersiana, light \ ,, ,, dark variety ,, Morgan] e ,, rufescens ,, rubro-maculata ,, Sedeni ., Stewartii ,, Rafflesiana pallida) ,, Amesiami ,, Wrigleyana A number of flowering plants of Amaryllis aulica were sent by Mr. O. Thomas, Chatsworth Gardens, Chesterfield. They were vigorous specimens, and were laden with their richly coloured flowers. A collection of nine varieties of the Chinese Prim- rose, all singles, was sent by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, and were well flowered, good habited plants ; the best varieties being Her Majesty, a large pure white flower with a conspicuous eye ; Eynsford Pink, rosy-pink — very elegant ; and Eyns- ford Red, bright shaded crimson, aud frilled edges to the petals. Messrs. Paul & Son contributed specimens of Spirroa astilboides in flower, and Arum sanctum, with the spadix and interior of the spathe deep purple-brown. Blooms of a dwarf variety of Uichardia aathopica were sent by Messrs. Walsham & Son, nurserymen, Scarborough ; and from Messrs. Barr & Son, Galan- thus Elwesii, various Crocuses, and Narcissus minor. Orchid Committee. Present: Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.l'., in the chair; and Messrs. .lames O'Brien, II. J. Veitch, I-'. A., Philbrick, Baron Schroder, De li. Crawshay, V. G. Tautz, T. B. Haywood, E. Hill, II. Ballantine, II. M. 1'ollett, J. Doiuiny, C, Pilcher, L. Castle, .1 Douglas, and F. Moore. From the gardens of Sir Trevor Lawrence, at Burford Lodge, Dorking, came an interesting collec- tion of Dendrobiums, comprising D. nubile Tollianum, 1). n. Cooksoni, and a new form of D, nobile, dis- tinguished as D. n. Burford variety ; it exhibits the characteristics of D. n. Cooksoni, but the markings similar to those on the labellum, are on the sepals instead of the petals. Three very handsome hybrid Dendrobes were also exhibited in this collection, viz., 1>. xanthocentrum X, which somewhat re- sembles 1). Schneiderianum X. The flowers partake much of the characters of D. F'indlayanum, which was one of the parents. It is white, with a rosy flush on the petals and sepals, darker at the tips ; lip broad, and almost round, drawn to a slight point, which was of the same rosy-purple as the other parts. In the throat was a rich orange blotch. Another was named Dendrobium .lunox, and was the result of crossing I). Wardianum and D. Linawianum (moniliforme). Its flowers resembled those of D. nobile nobilius, hut with the dark blotch and orange-yellow of D. Wardianum in the lip. The third is a charming novelty named D. Lunax, with growths and flowers of the same form as D. Findlayanum, which, with D. AinBworthii, was its parent. Its flowers are white, with sulphur-yellow at the base of the lip, and pale pink tips to each of the segments. From the same gardens also came Lalia I'atinii, Hehb. f, which is probably a variety of Cattleya Skinneri, and a distinct form of Laelia puniila named " El Spirito Sancto." From Baron Schroder's collection, at The Dell, Egbam, Mr. II. Ballantine brought cut spikes of a fine representative collection of white Lrelia anceps — THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 18, 1890. L. a. Dawsoni, L. a. Stella, L. a. Sanderiana, L. a. Vcitchiana, L. a. Percivaliana, and the true L. a. Scbroderiana, a very different form from the variety of L. a Stella, which is found under that name in gardens. De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield Sevenoaks, con- tributed a plant of Lajlia Crawshayana, and a cut flower of it, and also of L. Gouldiana and L. anceps, for comparison, from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. Frederick G. Taut/., Esq., Goldhawk Road, Shep- herd's Bush (Mr. Cowley, gr.), sent well-flowered plants of the pretty Ccelogyne lentiginosa, with rich yellow-brown flowers ; Lycaste plena Measuresiana. and three fine forms of L. Skinneri. that named " Lucyana " being white suffused with pink ; and the variety " Imperator " had large aud well-formed flowers, whose lip and petals exhibited fine crimson colouring, both being very delicate and pleasing. Another very handsome variety, L. Skinneri rubra, came from the gardens of N. N. Sherwood, Esq., Dunedin, Streatham Hill. It is one of the broadest in the segments of any of the varieties of L. Skinneri, and has very dark, dull, rosy colour on lip, sepals and petals, and is very striking. E. Harvey, Esq., Riverdale, Aigburth, Liverpool, staged a fine specimen with five spikes of a rather small flowered variety of Lselia anceps of the L. a. Williamsii type. From Mr. Johnson, gr. to T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, came a good plant of a nearly white form of Vanda Amesiana, with one piece of the coloured variety for comparison. The plant had six spikes, and its fragrance was remarkable. Mr. Blair, from the Duke of Sutherland's gardens at Trentham, brought a good specimen of a pale variety of Cattleya Triana', with seven flowers, the parts of flower being faintly suffused by rosy-purple. It was named C. t. albescens. A large and well grown specimen of Lycaste plana, with many fine flowers, was contributed by E. Ellis, Esq., Manor House, Wallington (gardener, Mr. G. A. Glover). One of the most interesting of the exhibits was Uendrobium Macfarlanei, from Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. The growth of the plant is much like a slender D, suavissimum, and it had an upright spike bearing two snow-white flowers, with some violet on the side lobes of the labellum. It is a valuable introduction from Torres Straits, and its flowers vividly call to mind a white Lrelia anceps. They are borne often ten or twelve on a spike. The sepals are pure white and lanceolate, about 1J inch long, and J inch or more wide at the base ; petals are pure white, and as long as the sepals, of rhomboid form, being nearly 1 inch across at the widest part. The lip has a conspicuous median lobe about 1 inch in length and .\ inch across, it is oval, aud notched into three points at the tip. The side wings are closed around the column, and bear a few lines of violet, which is indeed the only trace of colour in the entire flower. Messrs. Veitch also contributed Cypripedium Calypsox, a variety approaching C. Lathamiamim X , and under the name C. Masereelia- anum X, Messrs. Pitcher and Manda, of the United States Nursery, Short Hills, New Jersey, U.S.A., sent a hybrid between C. Spicerianum and C. insigne Chantini, which the committee decided was C. Lee- anum ,-. . Mr. Myles, Abbey Tower, Ryde, l3le of Wight, forwarded a twin-flowered C. insigne similar to those frequently seen of late years. Fruit Committee. Present : J. Lee, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. P. Crowley, P. Barr, C. Ross, J. Cheal, G. Cliffe, W. Dominy, G. Norman, A. Watkins, \V. Warren, J. Wright, A. H. Pearson, G. W. Cummins, G. Bun- yard, W. Wildsmith, F. Lane, H. Balderson, T. J. Saltmarsh, R. D. Blackmore, W. Coleman, J. Hudson, J. Smith, and Dr. R. Hogg. From the Society's gardens at Chiswick were sent a few varieties of Broccoli, the best of which appeared to be Snow's Winter White— good solid heads; Improved Early Purple Sprouting, White Sprouting, and Early Penzance. A fruiting-plant of a Carica was contributed by Mr. 0. Thomas, Chatsworth Gardens, Chesterfield, with a good cluster of fruit, ripe and unripe, the in- dividuals were small oval fruits, lemon-yellow, and quite smooth. A collection of good sound fruits of Apples was sent by W. Roupell, Esq., Harvey Lodge, Rou- pell Park, S.E. There were in all twenty varieties, the best being Peasgood's Nonsuch, Alexander, Cox's Orange, Lane's Prince Albert, Cellini, Bismarck, Melon, The Queen, and Beauty of Kent. They were shown as having been grown within the 5 miles radius. Mr. A. I >ean, Bedfont, Middlesex, sent two samples of Spanish Onion, one the large soft exhibition type, the other smaller, heavy fine examples, much more useful. Mr. Miller, gr. to Lord Foley, Esher, sent two boxes of Mushrooms from inside and outside beds. Mr. Miles, Appley Towers, Ryde, I.W., sent his new Grape, Appley Towers, and another white seed- ling, Lady Hutt. Mr. II. Morris, Tarbach, S.W., sent a fine Pine, and Mr. Cummins, gr. to A. H. Smee, Esq , The Grange, Wallington, sent Apple Iiemborough, much like King of the Pippins in form and general appearance. Awards were made as follows : — By the Floral Committee. Awards of Merit. To Pteris serrulata gloriosa, from Mr. II. B. May (unanimous). To Primula Eynsl'ord Pink, from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons (9 votes to 1). To Primula Her Majesty, from Messrs. II. Cannell & Sons (unanimous). To Primula Eynsford Red, from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons (unanimous). Medals. Silver Banksian, to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for group of Nepenthes. Bronze Banksian, to Mr. H. B. May, for group of Ferns. By the Orchid Committee. First-class Certificates. To Dendrobium xanthocentrum X , from Sir T. Lawrence (10 votes to 3.) To Dendrobium Juno, from Sir T. Lawrence (unanimous.) To Dendrobium Luna, from Sir T. Lawrence (11 votes to 2 I To Dendrobium Macfarlanei, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons (unanimous.) To Ladia anceps Schroderiana, from Baron Schroder (unanimous.) Award of Merit. To Dendrobium nobile Burford var., from Sir T. Lawrence (unanimous.) Cultural Commendation. To E. Ellis, Esq., for Lycaste plana. The following is the list of members of Committees for the current year. Floral Committee. Chairman. — William Marshall, Auchinraith, Bexley. Vice-Chairmen. — Shirley J. Hibberd, 1, Priory Road, The Green, Kew; Maxwell T. Masters, M.D. F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. ; George Paul, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Chiswick, W. Baines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer's Green, N. Barlow, S., Manchester. Burbidge, F. W., Trinity College Botanic Garden, Dublin. Blair, P. C, Trentham Gardens, Stoke-on-Trent. Cannell. 11., Swanley, Kent. Castle, L., Hotham House, Mertou. Dean, R., Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W. D'Ombrain, Rev. H. II., Westwell Vicarage, Ashford , Kent. Douglas, J., Great Gearies, Ilford. Druery, C. T., 25, Windsor Road, Forest Gate. Fraser, John, Lea Bridge Road, Leyton, E. Girdlestone, T. W., Sunningdale, Berks. Goldring, W., ,52, Gloucester Road, Kew. Herbst, H., Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey. Hill, E„ Tring Park Gardens, Tring. Holmes, W., Frampton Park Nurseries, Hack- ney, E. Ingram, W., Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham. James, J., Farnham Royal, Slough. Jeffries, C, Boston House Gardens, Brentford. Kelway, W., Langport, Somerset. Leach, W. C, Aldbury Park Gardens, Guildford. Lindsay, R., Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Lowe, R. B., Ashbridge Gardens, Berkhamsted. May, H. B., Dyson's Lane, Upper Edmonton. Mawley, E. Rosebank, Berkhamsted. Molyneux, E., Swanmore Park Gardens, Bishops Waltham. Nicholson, G, Royal Gardens, Kew. Noble, C, Sunningdale Nursery, Bagshot. O'Brien, James, West Street, Harrow-on-the-Hill. Pilcher, Charles, 81, Ringford Road, Wandsworth, S.W. Pollett, II. M , Fernside, Bickley, Kent. Ross, F., Pendell Court Gardens, Bletchingley. Thomas, Owen, Chatsworth Gardens, Chesterfield. Turner, II., Royal Nurseries, Slough. Walker, J., Ham Green, Surrey. Williams, W. H. (Keynes & Co.), Salisbury. Wynne, B., 1", Catherine Street, Strand, W.C. Note. — Members of the Council are Members of all the Committees. Orchid Committee. Chairman. — H. J. Veitch, F.L.S., Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W. Viec-Chairmen. — J. Douglas, Great Gearies, Ilford ; .Maxwell T. Masters, M.D., F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. Sccrctart/.— James O'Brien, West Street, Harrow- on-the-Hill. Baines, Thomas, Fern Cottage, Palmer's Green, X. Ballantine, II., The Dell Gardens, Staines. Castle, L., Hotham House, Merton. Crawshay, De Barri, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. Cookson, Norman C, Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne. Courtauld, Sydney, Bocking Place, Braintree. Dominy, John, 11, Tadema Road, Chelsea, S.W. Havwood, T. B„ Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate. Hill, E., Tring Park Gardens, Tring. Latham, W. B., Botanic Gardens, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Lawrence, Sir Trevor, Bart., M.P., 57, Princes Gate, S.W. Lindsay, R , Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Moore, F., Blendon Hall Gardens, Bexley. Philbrick, F. A., Q.C., Oldfield, Bickley Park. l'ilcher, Charles, 84, Ringford Road, Wandsworth, S.W. Pollett, II. M., Fernside, Bickley, Kent. Sander, F., St. Albans. Schroder, Baron Henry, The Dell, Staines. Smee, II. J., Wallington, Surrey. Tautz, F. G„ Studleigh House, Goldhawk Road.W. Williams, H., Victoria Nurseries, Holloway, N. Fruit and Vegetable Committee. Chairman. — Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., Ililden- ley, Malton. Vice- Chair men. — T. Francis Rivers, Sawbridge- worth ; John Lee, 78, Warwick Gardens, Kensing- ton ; It. D. Blackmore, Teddington. Secretary. — Archibald F. Barron, Royal Horticul- tural Society, Chiswick, W. Balderson, H., Corner Hall, Hemel Hempstead. Barr, Peter, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Bates, W., Poulett Lodge Gardens, Twickenham. Bennett, W., Rangemore Park Gardens, Burton- on-Trent. Bunyard, George, The Nurseries, Maidstone. Cheal, J., Crawley, Sussex. Cliffe, G , Shoreham Place Gardens, Sevenoaks. Coleman, W., Eastnor Castle Gardens, Ledbury. Crowley, Phillip, Waddon House, by Croydon. Cummins, G. W., The Grange Gardens, Walling- ton. Denning, W„ Heathfield Nursery, Hampstead. Dunn, Malcolm, The Palace Gardens, Dalkeith, N.B. Fairgrieve, P. W., The Palace Gardens, Dunkeld, N.B. Ford, Sidney, The Gardens, Leonardslee, Horsham. Hogg, Dr., "LL.D., F.L.S., 99, St. George's Road, Pimlico. Haycock, C, Goldings, Hertford. Hudson, J., Gunnersbury House, Acton. Lane, Fred. Q,, Berkhamsted. Mclndoe, James, Hutton Hall Gardens, Guis- borough. Moore, F., Blendon Hall Gardens, Bexley. Moss, A., 39, London Bridge, E.C. Norman, G., Hatfield House Gardens, Hatfield. Pearson, A. H„ The Nurseries, Chilwell, Notts. Ross, Charles, The Gardens, Welford Park, New- bury. Saltmarsh, T. J., The Nurseries, Chelmsford. Smith, James, The Gardens, Mentmore, Leighton Buzzard. Sutton, A. W., F.L.S.. Reading. Veitch, H. J., Royal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea. Jasuabv 18, 1390.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 89 Veitch, P. C. M., The Royal Nurseries, Exeter. Watkins, A., Exeter Street, Strand. Warren, W., Worton Gardens, Isleworth. Weir, Harrison, Sevenoaks. Wildsmith, W., Heckfield Place, Winchfield. Willard. Jesse, Hollv Lodge Gardens, Highgate, X. Wright, John, 171, Fleet Street. Wythes, G., Syon Ilouse Gardens, Brentford. Note. — Members of the Council are Members of all the Committees. ANCIENT SOCIETY OF YORK FLORISTS. A well attended annual meeting was held last evening in the White Swan, York, under the presidency of Mr. G. Lamb. Mr. Lazenby, secretary, read the annual report, which stated that the committee had again the pleasure to announce very satisfactory results from past year's work. There was a large increase in the number of members, the receipts from this source being augmented by about £22. Despite the increase of the expenditure, there re- mained a balance at the bankers of over £100. A flower service, through the kindness of the chap- lain (the Rev. F. Umpleby), was held at Oabaldwick Church in July, and a collection, amounting to £10, was made in aid of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund. ©iHtuarg. JOHN Duke.— By the death of John Duke, which took place at 61, Canongate, Edinburgh, on the 5th inst, at the age of 78 years, a figure familiar in the nursery trade of Edinburgh for many years, and to numerous readers of the Gardener^ Chronicle, has been removed. Mr. Duke began his career as a nurseryman in nurseries in the south of Scotland, removing, after some time, to Edinburgh, where he served first the late Mr. Cunningham (now Cun- ningham & Eraser), of Comely Hank Nursery. He was, however, best known in connection with the firm of Messrs. Peter Lawson .t Son (latterly the Lawson Seed and Nursery Company, Limited), which he served between thirty and forty years. His knowledge of nursery stock, particularly of hardy shrubs and trees, and fruit trees, was very compre- hensive, and of such kinds of nursery stock he was recognised as being a very capable valuer. 11- retired from active work about the year 1885. Law Notes. PROSECUTION OF A COMMISSION SALES- MAN. ( Is Thursday last, Frederick Wise, described as a commission salesman, win charged at Bow Street Police Court with obtaining goods under false pre- tences. Mr. Wolverton (with whom was Mr. J. P. ( [rain i, instructed by Mr. ('. Butcher, Solicitor lor the Nursery and Seed Trade Association, appeared to prosecute, and said the prisoner had held himself out to be a commission salesman. ha> ing a Stall, No, 361 I, in the Wholesale Flower Market, Covent Garden, although he had no stall whatever in the market, and on the faith of such representation, it was alleged growers of produce had sent goods to bim which he had sold, and had not accounted for the proceeds. Counsel stated that be would only call sufficient evidence to justify B remand. lie called Mr. Cook, gardener to Major Henneage, of Comp- ton Bassett, Wilis, and Mr. Theodore Jannoch, of Dersingham, Norfolk, who proved having sent goods to the prisoner on the faith of his representa- tion, and the case was then adjourned till Thursday next. As this is a case of much importance to the trade, and is taken up on public grounds, it is hoped that others who have sent goods under similar cir- cumstances will communicate with the Nursery and Seed Trade Association. Chiswick Gardeners' Association. N. t Friday evening, January 24, Mr. W, Swan, Castle Hill Garden. I'.nglefield (ireen, Staines, will lecture to the members of this Association, dealing with < >re' i.'s and their cultivation. Markets. C0VrENT GARDEN, January 16. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and whoare responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Er>.] Business very dull, and prices of imported goods much lower. Grapes realising better values. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plahts nr Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldi. dot. ~ Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Ar-aleas, various.each 2 Begonias, dozen ... 4 Christmas trees, doz. 4 — — extra size, each ... 5 Chrysanth., dozen ... 6 Cyclamen, dozen ...15 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Euonymua. in var., per dozen A nous, doz. 8 .d. s.d. t.d. 0-18 0 Evergreens, 0 I-' u per dozen 8 0-34 0 Ferns, in var., per 6-10 6 doien 4 0-18 0 >; :: ri Ficus elastica. each .16-70 0-12 0 ' Foliage plants, vari- 0-24 0 ous. each 2 0-10 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 9 0-13 0 0-31 0 Lily of the Valley, p. 0-15 0 doz. pots 18 0 21-0 0-21 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-13 0 0-13 0 Palms in var., each 3 6-31 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-60 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-34 0 Roman II J 0-1.S 0 per dozen pots ... 9 0 12 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0 12 0 0-1R 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 0-10 0 0-21 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. i.d.i.d. I t.d.t. d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 Marguerites. 13 bun. 3 0-60 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 9- 1 6 trarc »., paper- white, Bauvardias, per bun. 0 8- 1 0 French, doz. bun. 3 0-60 2 M. 4 0- 8 0 I — Eng.,doz. sprays 10-16 Camellias. white. doz. 3 0-40 Pelargoniums. 12 npr. 1 n- 0 4- 0 ! , per doz, 1 0- Camations, 12 blrus. 1 0- Chrysanth., 12 bun. 4 0- Chrysanth., 13 Urns. 0 6- -. 12 M Eucharis, per dozen 3 0- 5 o Gardenia.", 12 blooms 9 9-18 0 Heliotropes, 13 spr. 0 6 10 Lilac, whil ■r .. 12 M.„. 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley, doc. sprays ... 0 9-16 Hair Fern, 19 bun 4 0-90 Mign "". 12 bun. 2 0 i 0 — French, per bun. 16-20 — scarlet, 12 Bpr.... Primulas, double, 13 sprays 10-16 Roman Hyacinths, Eng., doz. sprays... 0 9-16 Roses. Tea, per doz. 1 0- 3 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — French, dozen ... 1 0- 2 0 — red.perdozen ... 2 0-30 — Safrano, dozen... 16-26 Spirea, doz. sprays... 10-16 12 ,i Tuberoses. 12 hims.... 1 8- 2 " Tulips, doz. blooms... 1 o- 2 0 bus ... 1 m- 2 ii — French, bunch ... 16-26 Parm i, liuoch ... 3 6- 5 u ORCHID-ni.oo.M in variety. Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. t. d. t. d. i.i rench, lb. ... 0 9- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 I Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Onions, per bunch ... 0 I Carrots, per bunch... 0 H- ... Parsley, per bunch .. 0 t Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 i Celery, per bundle... 16-20 Beakale, punnet ... 2 ( Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- 1 6 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 1 e, per dozen ... 1 6- ... j Spinach, per bushel.. Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- , Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- Lettooi I per dozen... 1 6- Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- Sjirn.'. per bundle BrusselSprouts.prlb. 0 Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 I Turnips, per bunch, new 0 I M .rk. i tirin. r « beal lamples, 90 to , 60s. to 70s. ; and ordinary to inferior, I'.'s. t per tun. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d. t.d. I i. d. t. d. ieve ... 1 «- 7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 - Nuva S,-otiu,brl,12 0 25 0 I Pine apples, Eng., lb. 1 n- 1 ii Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... I — St. Michael, each 3 0- 8 0 drapes, per lb. ... 2 0- 1 0 | COBN. Averages.— Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure (quarti r), for the week ending January 11: — Wheat, .'{IK Id. ; Barley, ,'ils. 'id. ; Oats, 18s. id. For the corre- sponding period last year : — Wheat, 30s. 2d. ; Barley, 26». Hd. ; Oats, 16s. Gd. SEEDS. London: Jan. 15. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, state that the inquiry for farm seeds is now increasing. Choice parcels of English red Clover are scarce, and command higher figures ; secondary qualities remain unchanged. Trefoil, white Clover, and Alsike, k' ep steady. Rye-grasses neglected. There is a more active demand for winter Tares. Blue Peas sell at full prices, though trade is not brisk. Haricots are this season good and cheap. Birdseed are still remarkably low. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : Jan. 15. — Supplies continue plen- tiful, but the demand very slow. The following were the quotations: — Cauliflowers, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. Gd. per tally; Cabbages, Is. Gd. to 2$. do. ; Curley Kale, Is. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. to Is. (id. per punnet ; Spinach, Is. to Is. {j>l. per bushel ; Sprouts, 1M. to Is. Gd. per half sieve ; Turnip-tops, Is. (V. to 2s. (V. per sack ; Greens, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gil. to 2s. do. ; Parsley, Is. to 2s. do.; Celery, 4s. to lis. per dozen bundles; Horse- radish, Is. to Is. 3(2. per bundle ; ; Parsnips, id. to Gd. per score ; Beetroots, 3d. to -id. per dozen ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, Is. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Leeks, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen , Spanish Onions, 6s. to 7s. Gd. per case; English do., 7s. to 8s. Gd. per cwt. ; Bordeaux do., 6s. to 7s. per case ; Belgian do., 5s. to 6s. per bag of 110 lbs. ; Dutch do., 5s. bd. to 6s. do.; forced Khubarb, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozon bundles ; English Apples, .'is. to 7s. per bushel; American do. 10s. to 16s. per barrel. Stratford: Jan. 14. — Greens, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. loose ; Carrots (cattle feeding), 18s. to 25s. per ton ; Mangels, 15s. to 20s. do. ; Swedes, 17s. to 20s. do. ; Apples, English, 2s. to 7s. per bushel ; Sprouts, Is. to 2s. per half-sieve ; Onions, 7s. Gd. per case ; Oranges, 8s. Gd.'to lis. do. Beetroot, 8d. to Is. per dozen ; Parsnips, lOd. to Is. per score ; Carrots, 2s. Gd per dozen bunches; Khubarb, Is, Sd. to 2s. 6d. do. ; Radish, Is. do. ; horseradish, Is. Gd. per bundle ; dates, 13s. per cwt. POTATOS. Spitalfields: Jan. 14. — Supplies large, with drooping prices : — Regents, 45s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 15s. to 100s. ; Magnum Bonums, 40s. to 95s. ; Imperu- tors, 45s. to 75s. per ton. Spitalfields: Jan. 15. — Quotations : Early Rose. 40s. to 60s. ; Magnums, 45s. to 65s. ; Regents, 50s. to 70s. ; Champions, 50s. to 55s. ; Imperators, 50s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 50s. to 60s. per ton. Stratford: Jan. 14. — Quotations :— Magnums, light, 50s. to (His. ; do., dark, 40.s. to 50s. ; Scotch do., 60s. to 80s. ; Regents, 60s. to 70s. per ton. HAT. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices at the various metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, prime, ri 8s. to 98s.; infe- rior, His, to 75s. Best hay, 60s. to 92s. ; inferior, 26s. to 60s. Straw, 28s. to 40s. per load. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending January 11, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — •The weather has continued cloudy or dull very generally, with frequent falls of rain. In many parts of England, however, some fine, bright intervals were experienced. Soon after the commencement of the week severe thunderstorms occurred in many parts of Ireland and Scotland. "The temperature has been much above the mean in all districts. Over Ireland and the greater part of Scotland, the excess has been 5° or 6°, and over the western parts of England and Scotland 7°, while over southern, central, eastern, and north-eastern England, the excess has been as much as 8° or 9°. The highest of the maxima were registered in most places either on the 6th or 7th, when thethermometir rose to between 52° and 55° over Scotland, and to between 54° and 57° in Ireland, while over England they ringed from 55° to 58°. The lowest of the minima, which were recorded either on the 5th or 11th, ranged from 2i° in 'Scotland, N.,' and 29° in ' England, N.E.,' to 36° in ' Scotland, W.,' and ' Eogland,N.W.,'and to 44° in the ' Channel Islands.' During the greater part of the week, the minima at manv of the English stations were but little below 50°." 90 THE GAR DENE RS' CHRONICLE. [January IS, 1890. " The rainfall has been rather less than the mean in nearly all of the English districts, but considerably more over Ireland and Scotland, as well as in ' England, N.W.' Bright sunshine has continued very deficient gene- rally, the percentage of the possible amount of duration having ranged from 3 in ' Kngland, N.E.'to 17 in 'England, S.' and 'Ireland, N.,' and to 21 in the ' Channel Islands.' " (Uy the term "accumulated temperature" id meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result ia explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. a -a t| _ Accumulated. 3 H In. 2.0 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.9 3.5 1.7 1.2 2.1 2.5 1.2 1 . — 4 'it 2.-. ~~ 5 10 3 15 10 17 5 5 9 17 21 9 H s i n 1 1 fl a lOths Inch. 4 + 6 + 1 — 1 - 2 — 1 — 3 + 3 + 4 — 7 + 5 + 1 — n2 h & 12 10 7 7 9 7 12 11 10 12 12 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 5 + 6 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 8 + i + 7 + 7 + 5 + 6 + 5 + Day- deg. 21 29 34 35 38 39 32 36 46 34 40 53 Day- deg. 11 13 6 4 4 0 3 1 0 5 0 0 Day- deg. + 26 + 21 + 23 + 21 + 19 + 19 + 22 + 19 + 18 + 18 + 28 + 21 Day- deg. — 37 — 35 — 8 — 1 — 2 — 11 — 37 — 21 + 3 — 24 — 26 + 1 8 17 12 15 10 8 16 21 20 18 the first columa i ing: Principal Wheat- producing District!; — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing .\c. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England, S.W. ; \j per 100, and up" aril-. ARTHUR KNOWLES, Nurseryman, Horeell Nur.erv, near Woking Station, Surrey. TREES-TREES-TREES. A Splendid Stock of Scotch Grown SEEDLING AND TRANSPLANTED FOREST TREES, Such as LABOH FIR(tiuenatiTe), 8COTCH UK, SPRUCE FIR, PINTS LARU'lo, PINTS AU8TRIACA, AMIES i". i OLASH, SYCAMORE, THORNS, OAKS, ISH, BEECH, ELMS, BPANISB OHESTNUTS, BIRCH, HAZEL, &e. ORNAMENTAL TREES, Suitable for Arennes, I'.irk-. ..ml Villa Decoration, fine selected Staff, recently transplanted and properl trained, including LIMES, MOUNTAIN ash, ivui s of sorts. POPLARS, ELMS, SYCAMORE, LABUKN1 Ms, <,n;ERCUS of sorts, PRUNUS PISSARUII, &c. CONIFER/E, ORNAMENTAL, EVERCREEN, AND DECIDUOUS SHRUBS. •,.-, consisting of all the best RHODODENDRONS, finest named varieties, strong healthy plants, well set with bad. „ HYBRIU SEEDLING, do, do., do. „ PONTICUM, EXTRA iumiv. CLIMBERS, hardy, of sorts, such as CLEMATIS. ESCALI.ONIA. CYDONIA, PASSI- FLORAS, CEANOTHUS, WISTARIA, &o. DESCRIPTIVE CA TA LOO UES with Special Quotations on application. IRELAND & THOMSON, NURSERYM F,.\, EDINBURGH. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, fientry, ami Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR "WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDOATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. -DiKOimt for Cash. SPECIAL OFFER. AUCUBA JAPONICA, 2 feet, 75s. per 100; many thousands to offer. LAURELS, 3 to 4 feet, 30s. per 100. COTONEASTER SIMMONDSII. 2 feet, los. per loo. DEUTZIA CRENATA, fl.-pl., 2| to 3 feet, 23s. per 100. SPIRJEAS, 2± to 3 feet, los. per 100. ELDER, Golilen, 2.=>s. per 100. RETINOSPORA PLUMOSA AUREA, 2 to 3 feet. 100s. per 100 ; 1± to 2 feet. 7-is. per 100. „ „ PLUMOSA. 11 to 2 feet, 75s. per 100. THUIOPSIS DC ILOBRATA. 2 to 3 feet, 150s. per 100. AMERICAN ARBOR VIT-TE. 4 to 5 feet, 60s. per 100. CEDRUS DEODARA, 10 to 12 feet. 7s, 6d. to 10s. 6d. each. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 2 to 3 feet, 30s. per 100. „ ., ERECTO VIRIDIS, 2 to 2J feet, 50s. to 75s. per 100 ; 3 feet, 100s. per 100. THUIA LOBBII. 3 to 4 feet, 75s. per 100. BIRCH, 10 to 12 feet. 100s. per 100. SYCAMORE, 10 to 12 feet. 50s. per 100. MAPLE, Norway. 10 to 12 feet. 75s. per 100. ALDER, 12 to 15 feet, 100s. per 100. CHESTNUTS. 12 to 14 feet, 100s. to 150s. per 1" >. SERVICE TREE. 8 to 9 feet, 60s. per 100. LAURELS, Standard Portugal, 4 to 5 feet stems, 10s.[lW. to 21s. each. DAMSONS. Standard. 100s. to 150s. per 100. PEARS. Standard, 100s. to 150s. per 100. PLUMS. Standard, 150s. per 100. BOX, YEWS. HOLLIES. Green and Varieg ted Flowering SHRUBS, CLIMBERS, &c. RHODODENDRONS, fine named sorts, well set with bloom- buds. An inspection of the above is solicited. H. LANE AJTD SON, The Nurseries. Berkhamstead. Herts. ALL "WHO DESIRE TO HAVE A CONSTANT and PLENTIFUL SUPPLY BEST VEGETABLES and FLOWERS Should pr SEEDS FROM SCOTLAND. Our ■•AMATEUR'S GARDENING GUIDE," tile most int>r- esting ami instructive Catalogue of the season, is now ready, and t* ill be lent gratis an«l post-free to all applicant*. STUART & MEIN, KELSO, SCOTLAND. A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition. NOW READY. Chapte VINES AND VINE CULTURE THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES EVER PUBLISHED, ARCHIBALD F. BARRON, Superintendent or the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Secretary of the Fruit Committee, &c. CONTENTS. . Historical Sketch. . Propagation of the Vine. . Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. . Vine Border* : their formation, soils, Ac. Structures for Grape Growing, Heating of Vineries. Planting Vines : when and how to do it. , The General Management of Vineries. Pruning and Training the Vine. . Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots. . Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick. Vines on Open Walls. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects. Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The destination of Grape Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. xvn. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. xxrv. xxv. XXVI. XXV II. Plates I.- "JOUKNAL of HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth. Price 6s. ; Post-free, 5s. 6d. New Edition, Corrected up to Date, PAXTON'S CALENDAR. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HXTNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late Sir JOSEPH FAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free 3id. ; Twenty-five Copies, 6s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, U, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, w.o. Please send me " The Gardeners' Chronicle " for _ ,/or which 1 enclose P. O.O. _1890. Months, commencing f$° PleaBe Note tnat all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. THE UNITED KINGDOM :— 12 Months, 16s. ; 6 Months, 7s. id. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. ; PosMree. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. id. for 12 Months. India and Chil Receipts for less than six months' subscripts nil not be sent i nless specially asked for. P.O.O. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, DRTJRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS. Cheques should be orossed " DRTJMMOND." 92 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 18, 1890. The New Early Dessert Apple. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should be added to every Collection. It is the best flavoured and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis- pensable as an early dessert fruit when it becomes known. Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. 6d. each, 21s. per dozen ; 2-yr. Trees. 3<. 6d. each, 36s. per dozen; Pyramids. 6s. each; Dwarf- trained, 7s. 6rf. each. Full description free by post. GEORGE COOLING AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bath. 17 OR SALE. —Twelve PEACHES and L NECTARINES in U-inch pots, 6 to 9 feet high, well set with fruit buds.— For varieties and price, apply to B. HOPE, Middleton Park Gardens, Bicester. PURCHASERS OF TREES should send for our special offer. DICKSONS, Nurseries, CHESTER. BROWN FIBROUS ORCHID PEAT, 31s. 6d. per Ton, or 126s. per Truck of 4 tons ; Bags, 5s. each ; 10 Bags, 45s. BROWN and BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 21s. per Ton, or 84s. per Truck of 4 tons ; Bags, 5s. each ; 10 Bags, 45s. PEAT, for forming Rhododendron, Bog, and American Plant Beds, 15s. per Ton, or 90s. per Truck of 6 tons. THOMAS WALKER, Tekels. Camberley, Surrey. SAVE HALF THE COST. PADQIRCQ BEDFORDSHIRE uHnOIUL 0 coarse and fine as=r SILVER SAND Quality obtainable iu the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Olebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEATsupplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bap sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE. Jun., F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. Wythes, Syon House, writes : — " Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests." For particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-H umber, HULL. Normal Fertiliser For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. Prie« 7 lb- 14 Ib- 28 lb- 66 lb. 1 cwt. rnco ■ 2s. 3s. id. 5s. 6d. 9s. 14s. And in 6d, and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesaled Messrs. HURSTandSON. 152,Houndsditch,London ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. Id. each : 10 sacks, 12s. tW.; 15 sacks, 17s. 6(1, 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ; BEST BR< i\VN FIBRc US PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. «d. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. M. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per Ib. Special Manures. Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, Sec, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall, London, E. Bankers— Smith, Payne, Sf Smiths. BEESON'S M A N U R E.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. M., 5s. id., and 10s. 6d. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13s. liv all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail L B S C and S. E.. £1 5s. ; in Baas. 20. 15s. ; 40. £1 Ss. Cash with order. .T. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street, Battersea S W GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2Cs. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 8 ins., 12s. do?.. SPlk'lU.ITE TOBACCO PAPER. 10rf. perlh., 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. peril)., 2S lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT, 8s per sack. PEAT, LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses. Southwark Street, London, S.E. II! PEAT III SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST FRUIT, and ROSE TREES, CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS.&c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS & CO., The Old-established Peat Depot, Ringwood, Hants. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug. Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. " DTTDUMIl " THE UNIVERSAL r I O aCilMA) INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to senl me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a fallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I find it kills Green ly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the ■lightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much ■everer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or tpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollowoy, London, January!, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. ad., and 3s. 6d. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s, per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurse'ries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. __ "Nothing Succeeds like Success." UTTPl-HTC (SOLUBLE) IJ.Uljrl.Eid INSECTICIDE Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and Bird Fane ers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, Bleacher, and Cleanser when washing Under Linen. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., & 4s. 6d ; 4 gallon 7s. fid., 1 gallon 12s. 6J., or less inlarger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of application, addressed to E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants, and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK.— Rm.KKB & Sons. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s.. and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house inthetrade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bag*. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. Greenhouse Fires, Stoves, &c. SMALL COKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in thick loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. J. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. A R D E N REQUISITE S.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON and SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feit and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS, Leas, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEV HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, Am) AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENGINC, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates ffii Hoofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. "4 COAL i&a The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. HENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the si/e of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the si/e of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to any railway station. This coal is ABSOLUTELY smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other descript ion of fuel, burning for twelve hours AT LEAST without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat than coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, _<:;. lame Street. London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and South-Western districts, from Messrs. G R CARTER AND SON. Coal Exchange, E.C; and for the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL & CO.. Coal Merchants. Greenwich, S.E, January 18, 1890.] THE QA R D E NE R S ' C 11 R ONl CL E. 93 RICHARDSON'S IMPROVED CARDEN FRAMES. WITH ADJt.sTALI.E RIDGE VENTILATION. Lights or fixed open at any angle ith the plants. CARRIAGE PAID TO ANY STATION. "W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The ubove are without exception the most useful kind of frume for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The aashea turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any tttation in England, ready glazed and painted: — 6 feet long, 3 feet wide £ s. d. \ 2 0 () Packing 2 10 0 Cases i 7 6 FREE. , 3 10 ii ) 5 17 6 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 5 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineer*, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skeltox. Seedsman, Stc, 2, Holloway Road, N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description. ii either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels. Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot • water Apparatus Illustrated Circular* Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. QIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2s. O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for lj. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s. ; three for 6*. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS and CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. E~D 9 T B A I) S. — For the use of Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we sold during 1MKM, of our D design HKDKTKAIW and WOODS' PATKNT WOVEN 9TKEX WIRE MATTRKSSES combined, 3300. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis- count. Send for a *' Hook of French and Persian Designs," to THE LONQFOIU) WLRB CQ, (Limited;. Warrington. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. -THREE- QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilation. They are Glazed with 21-oz. Engli-h Bheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.- 2 „ 8 „ by 6 by 6 by 6 by 6 by 6 3 „ 12 »t i- •* .» ii 16 5 „ n 20 6 „ » 24 {£2 15 0 4 7 6 6 0 0 7 12 6 9 50 10 17 6 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildingi and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES. GREENHOUSES. FRAMES. IIOII.ERS. KOBTICULTUBA1 IMPLEMENTS, IltnN BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES. IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING. &c. CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 55. -Span-roof Garden Frame. The Illustration ihowi ■ Frame 9 feet by 6 feet. Made of good redwood deal, sides ami ends 1 ; inch thick. ii:iLiit .-l three coats of oil colour; lights 9 Inches (luck, gla/.ed with 21-oz. sheet glass. Height of sides, II Inches. Height at ridge, 32 inches. The lights arc hinged and titled with " Registered " Betapes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c., and the hinges are so formed that the lights can be turned quite over, or taken off at pleasure. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, I i.-et by ti feet i „ S feet by 6 feet 3 „ „ 12 feet by 6 feet « „ „ IS feet l.v II feel 5 „ ,, 20 feet by 6 feet 8 „ „ 24 feet l.y IS feet Carriage Paid to all Goods st ,t to Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stttti New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories, Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c, post-free for six stamps. (Cash Prices, ' carriage ami PACKING FREE. 5 17 7 7 8 17 m England and Wales, also TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S, TRENTHAM BOILER Makers of HoT-WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, and APPARATUS erected complete by HOT-WATER, HOT-AIR, &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFF". THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 ., 10 „ U ., 12 „ 13 „ 14 „ X) 3 0 0 3 6 0 4 0 0 4 6 0 o 0 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 7 0 0 7 6 0 8 0 15 Lines 16 „ 17 ii 18 „ 19 „ 20 ., 21 „ 22 ,. 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ £0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 G AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be i set across three Columns the lowest charge will 1 Page, £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6u\ for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned agamst kaoing Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfices , as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Th ursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months. 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 178. 6d. for 12 Months: India and China. 19s. 6d. Poet-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE, W.C . to W. Richards. Pciii.isniNti Office and Office for Advertisements, II, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. COVERED WAY ESPALIERS. MAKER of COVERED WAV and OTHER ESPALIERS. Wall Wiring for Fruit Trees. VINE and PEACH TREE TRELLISES. Ion* irvi i In ties til led upw it h Trellis, Flower Stunds, Baskets, &<• Maker of the WADDESDON PLANT TRUCK— one of the .■fill i iGa Strained Wire Fencing. Rabbit-proof Wire Fencing. GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. AVIARIES and PHEASANTRIES Plain or Ornamentally constructed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. H0LLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works, BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. TMIK RAILWAY PASSENGERS' JL ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annual. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80,000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :— 114, Cornhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. OUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, Loudon, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. 94 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Janoaby 18, 1890. PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENTS. Gardeners' Chronicle Telegrams. — The Registered Address for Foreign and Inland Telegrams is " Gardchrrm, London. ' Subscribers who experience any difficulty in ob- taining their Copies regularly, are particu- larly requested to communicate with the Publisher (in cases of delay in the delivery hy post, the cover should be forwarded with complaint), Post-office Orders and Postal Orders should be made payable at the Post Office, No. 42, Drury Lane, London, W.C. Now Heady, in cloth, lis. 6d., " The Gardeners' Chronicle," Vol. VI., Third Series, July to Dec, 1889. Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position in the paper be guaran- teed for advertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Letters relating to Advertisements, or to the supply of the Paper, should be addressed to the Publisher, and not to the Editor. W. RICHARDS, Publisher, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ESTATE SALES. The Beat County Medium for Advertising Sales o£ Estates is THE " WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Piper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the "WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD*' is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPECIMEN. FR E E . Price 2d . Published Friday for Saturday. OFFICES:— 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN CARDEN, "WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th YeaiM THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. United and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. J Making the Largest. Best, Oldest, Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10s. ONE. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES. 4, Spring Gardens. Charing Cross London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisementsand Subscrip- tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free lor lorf. (stamps). WANTED. — Advertiser desires to meet with an intelligent and well-informed Gentleman of about twenty-live years of age. of indu-trious, energetic, and persevering habits, experienced in Nursery Mauagement (principally Outdoor), to assist him in the Development of a Nursery Business in the South, doing a local as well as a wide-spread trade. In tile event of his meeting with a suit- able person, an arrangement with a view to partnership might be entertained, but in ro case would high wages be given at starting. First-class references required. — Apply, by letter, with full particulars, to E. H. H., Box, Smith's Advertising Agency, 133, Fleet Street, London, E.C. ANTED, NURSERY MANAGER, Indoors and Out; thoroughly practical, good Manager of Men ; one used to Market Nursery preferred. State age, wage, and experience.— BETTS, BARKER & CO., Burton-ou-Trent. Jephson Gardens, Leamington. HEAD GARDENER WANTED.— The COMMITTEE are PREPARED to RECEIVE APPLI- CATIONS for the Office of HEAD GARDENER, the duties to commence on the 31st day of March next. Applicants must be married, the wife having to take charge of the Lodge and adjoining Gates ; and the number and ages of children are required. Salary, £70 per annum, with House (the Lodge), Coals, and Gas.— Applications, with original Testimonials (which will be returned), to be sent on or before the 18th day of February next, to WILLIAM MAYCOCK, Secretary, The Parade Lodge, Jephson Gardens. Leamington, January 3, 1890. Gardener. WANTED for North Derbyshire for the end of January, an unmarried MAN under 30 ye^rs of age, as Gardener, single-handed, experienced In and Out; must understand the Management and care of Poultry. Preference given to a man who has served under an experienced Head Gardener. — Address with full particulars, and stating wages required, board and lodging being found, to GARDENER, care of W. H. Smith & Son. Advertising Agents, Manchester. WANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAE- DENER. place very retired district, of North Hants ; experience as Single-handed In and Out-door Work, assist with Coals, &c. Age 25 to 40; wages 18s. and cottage.— Miss A. LUSHINGTON. Kingsley, Alton, Hants. WANTED, a Married Couple (middle-aged), Man as SECOND GARDENER— good at Vines, Hot- house Plants, &c. ; wife, LAUNDRESS. Cottage and garden, with laundry attached. — State all particulars, F. WOLLAS- TON, Esq., Shenton Hall, Nuneaton. ANTED, a SECOND GABDENER for Flower and Kitchen Garden. Wages 19s. per week with Bothy.— C, 3, Charles Terrace, King's Road, Mortlake. S.W. WANTED, a good PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Herbaceous and Alpine Planks for a Small Nursery near London, an abstainer preferred. State age, wages, and experience, by letter to C. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, an active and industrious young Man as PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— State age, wages, and particulars to W. TROUGHTON, 4 Church Street, Preston. WANTED, an energetic pushing young man as PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants, prin- cipally for Cut Blooms; must be able to Graft Roses and Clematis. Wages to commence at 225. per week : tirst-class references required Itmi a good firm. — W*. and J. BROWN. Wothorpe. Stamford. EQUIRED AT ONCE, Young MAN in the Houses (Country). Must understand Geraniums and the growing of other soft-wooded Stuff for Cut-bloom; able to make Wreaths. &c. — Apply, stating wages, references, quali- fications, and experience, to M. A., Gardeners' Chronic's Office. Must be a Churchman. Preference given to a man who would sing in the Choir or play a band instrument. WANTED, a strong, steady young MAN, as Third where live are kept. Wages to commence 12s. per week with Bothv. Milk, and Potatos.— Full particulars to J. HORNER. Myton Hull. Helperby, York. General Nursery Assistant. WANTED, in a Horticultural Nursery, an intelligent, active, and reliable MAN. Must possess a practical knowledge of Budding, Grafting, and Pruning. Preference given to one who has a knowledge of the Seed Businea3. Applicants to state in writing their experience, age, and salary required. — S. H-, Messrs. Hurst & Sons, 152, Houndsditch, London, E. ANTED, a young Man, as ASSISTANT in the Houses. One who has been in a Market Nursery preferred.— GEORGE EDWARDS, Balham Nursery, Loudon, S.W. ANTED AT ONCE, a YOUTH, also an APPRENTICE to First-class Florist, Indoors,— Apply, NEWMAN, Florist, Bromley. Kent. Assistant Improver. WANTED, as above, a sharp YOUTH, with a knowledge of Seed and Flower Trade.— Apply, stating age, wages, required, &c, to W. BARRACK, Seedsman, Kendal. ANTED, TWO active young MEN, used to the Nursery Work.— WILLIAM ICETON, Granard Gardens, Putney Park Lane, Putney, London, S.W. WANTED, a trustworthy, pushing young MAN, to Attend Markets, and fill up time in Nursery. —Apply, stating age, wages, and experience J. WRIGHT. Nur.eryman and Seedsman, Granby Street, Leicester. Seed, Bulb, and Plant Trade. WANTED, a young MAN, experienced in above branches, and capable of taking Part Manage- ment and Working-up New Business. — Apply, enclosing testi- monial., stating age. salary required, and other particulars, HARLEY AND SONS, Covent Garden Warehouse, Dundee. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Dan Lewendon, until recently General Foreman at Eendcomb Park, Cirencester, has been engaged as Gardener to C. Jack, Esq., Beech Hill Park, Barnet. Mr. Thomas Oldham, late of Malvern Hall Gardens, Solihull, Birmingham, has been engaged as Head Gardener to H. L. Powys-Kf.ck, Esq., Stoughton Grange, Leicester. Mr. F. Elmes, late Head Gardener at West- field, Edgbaston, has been appointed Head Gar- dener to W. W. Riddell, Esq., Shenstone Lodge, near Lichfield. Mr. Alexander McRae, late of Corriemony Gardens, Inverness, N.B., has been engaged as Gardener to George Inglis, Esq., of Newmore, Invergordon, N.B. WANT PLACES. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers. Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No 42 DHCliY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fait from negotiating it. N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is bu POST-OFFICE MONEY ORI)ER.^_ NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.-In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Lauded Proprietors, Agents, and others requiring the services of GARDENERS, FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability such as they would be glad to recommend. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &e. T~) I 0 K S (J N ' S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, -L^ (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN ot the highest respectability, and thoruughh, practical at their business. All particulars on application " Telegraphic an.l Postal Address—" DICKSON'S. CHESTER." \y I C IT A R D SMITH 7^i Cft A* beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that. they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. ARDENER (Head).— Mr. OoceersouJ Stoke Rochford, Grantham, can with confidence recom- mend a tirst-class man; twenty years thorough practical ex- perience m good establishments. — Apply as above. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 31, single ; sixteen years' Practical ex- perience in all branches. -GARDENER, 7, Egerton Gotta. -e- Wallingford, Berks. ° outages, ARDENER (Head); married, one child.— J. Blackbuhxe Gardener to John Scott. Esq , Elm- stead Grange, Cluslehurst. can with confidence recommend his Foreman, Harry Peufold, as above. Experienced in all branches. — Address as above. GARDENER (Head), married.— W. Kemp, eight years Head Gardener to Lord Hindlip, Dovendge Hall, is now open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a practical energetic man. Highest testimonial from late employer. — Doveridge, Derby. GARDENER (Head^— Thoroughly under- stands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Also Land and Stock, if required. Eighteen years' experience. First-class references. — T. PERKINS. Great Hadham, Herts. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 33, married, no family ; understands Vine, Melon, Cucumber, and Tomato Growing, and the general routine of Gardening. Seventeen years' experience m some of the leading places in England. — WALTER SMITH, North Pallant, Havant. Hants. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no family. Scotch. Nineteen year3' experience in Early Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Pleasure and Kitchen Garden. Five and a half years' excellent character and references.— W. B., 1!', Addison Road North, Notting Hill, W. Jastauy 18, lti'M. THE GA EDEXEB S' CHE OKI ( ' L E. 95 GARDENER (Head), where two are kept ; Age 30; married, one child.— Johx Masox, The Gardens, Bushey Down, Tooting, willbe pleased to recommend me to any Lady or Uentleman requiring a competent man as above. Two years in present place, t'onr and a half years pre- vious.—C. ROFFEY, 23, ThraleRoad, Streatham, S.W. ARDENER (Head.— Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady or Gentleman. Tho- roughly competent in Orchids, Vines, Ferns, Stove Plants of all kinas, Early and Late Forcing. Good. Kitchen Gardener. Wife would take Dairy and Poultry. Good reference. Abstainer.— E. D , Leslie Road, Vixholm Lane, Dorking, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), married, without family.— R. H. Smith, Head Gardener eleven and a half years to Sir Toiiman Mbaley. Bart., Kolieston Hall, is now open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, energetic man. Highest testimonials from late an.] previous employers. — 175, Hominglow Road, Burton- on- Trent. GARDENER (Head).— Advertiser is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiting a good al]-*ound Gardeuer. Thoroughly understand* the culti- vation of all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Six'een years' experience in good place*. Steady mau ; unexceptional character. — GARDENER, Asylum Cottage, Beddington, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age i>7, single ; twelve years' good practical experience in all branche .— Full jarticulars by applying to Mr. WHALLEY, Addington Park, Croydon. G- ~ARDEXER (Head Working) ; age 30.— Mr. Allis. Old Warden Park, Biggleswade, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, Charles Turner, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good Gardener. ARDENER (Head Working) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a trustworthy man. — Married, no family, four and half years with the late .Mr-. J. Watney, at Haling Park. Croydon.— BROWN. 16, Ellora Road, Streatham Co union, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29, married; total abstainer. Thoroughly experienced in Early Forcing of Fruit, stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden; excellent character. — KING, 20, Gloucester Bond, Manor Park, Bases. GARDENER (Head Working); age 36.— The Advertiser would he pleased to taeat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring the sen thorough practical hardworking Gardener, Fir-t-rate grower. wf Grapes, Peaches. Strawberries, Malons. Flowers and Vegetables, 8tc., and is thoroughly conversant with the re- quirements of u large establishment ; twenty-two years' ex- perience, including nix as Head in present situation. A comfortable place with good stall of men, and reasot remuneration expected; Charai ter, fee., "i the highest order. — E., 41, Wellington Street. Oovi mi Garden, London, W 0. ARD EN E It rilKAD, or good SINGLE- HANDED.— Age) :t2, marn.M, one child; understands Vines, peaches. Melons. Cucumbers, Flower snd Kitchen Garden. Seven and a ball years in but sil uat ion. Good character.— W, A., Cavendian House, Weatern Etoad, Wood Green, N. G GARDENER and ISaTuFF"— M iddle-aged, W mam.. I ; nfterieoeed ta N'.rth and South of : Good reference., vv. 8. I'AMfliKI.I., 10, vTMtefriargate, Hull. ~ AK'dKNKR and 1IA I LI I I . Muld . aK.-d, ' td, family grown op; active, energetic, good all- oer and General Cultivator, Wood* ana Estate Work, Laylng-out New and Renovating Old Gardens, First- ihr.t t. t i.tin and reference to present and previous employers — o. AKBEY, Porters, Saeoiey, Baraet. ARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF,— The UvgBPOOI, Hokticultur.l Co. (John Cowan), Limited. Th.- Vineyard itnr Head Gardener. -Shentoo Hall, Nuneaton. ROPAGATOR (first-class) and GRO W E 1 ; for Market.- Age 88; Well up ill Soft-wo.sl.sl Stuff, Growing Fruit under Glass, Cut Flowers and Market Work in general. Good reference. GARDENER, T. B., 1, Butts Road, Bootawick, Dear Hr glitoi. ROPAGATOR and GROWER, for Market orosgond single, with any '■ai|y or Gentleman. — Age 33; well up in Tomatos, Cucumbers, Ferns, and Soft-wooded Stuff. Soberand industrious. Twelve vears' last character. — P. K., 12tS, Hollowuy Road, Highbury, N. ROWER, for Market. — Age 24; Soft- woo.lc.1 Plants, Cut Flowers. Ferns. Grapes, Tomatos, &c. Good references.-- G. STUART, WeUbrook Cottage, Farnborough, R. S. O., Keut. OURXKYMAN (Pibst). Inside or' Out, in good Establishment; or Second, where four or five are kept.— Age. 2t; strong and active; well recommended A. BICKKS. Kimpton lloo Gardens, Welwyn, Herts. OURNEYMAN.— Age 20; five years' expe- rience. Good character.— J. McCULLOUCH, Ballywalter, Newtownards, co Down. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 2L^ W. H. MASTERS con with confidence recommend a steady young man a9 above. — Address, The Gardens, Gurnons, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, Inside or Out.— Age 1!); Bothy preferred. Seven years' experience, well recom- mended. — H. GARNER, Holmdale, Ashurstwocd, East Grinsteu.t. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; Bothy preferred. Four years good character from last place ; well recommended. — JOSEPH BACON, Tutbury, Burton-on-Trent. OURNEYMAN, in Private Establishment where three or four are kept.— Age 19 ; six years' ex- perience.— H. C, Gardeners1 Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. JOURNEYMAN, under Foreman.— Age 19; steady, sober, respectable. Good character from last employer; over two years in last situation.— A. B. C, Houghton, Stockbridge, Hants. JOURNEYMAN.- Age 21; willing, active, strong. Well recommendeded. Five Tears last situa- tion.—W. NEWNHAM, South Lodge Gardens, Horsham, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Inside and Out.— Age 20; energetic and active. Can have good character from late employers.— G. MARLOW. Manor House Gardens, Manor Road, Richmond. TMPROVER ; age 17. — J. Coward, The J- Gardens, Haverholme Prion'. Sleaford, would like to hear of a situation for a Lad. Been three years in these Gardens. MPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; Bothy !- general Stove and ud Melons. Good Sevenoaks, Kent. preferred; six vears' experien Greenhouse Plants. Vines. Cucumb. character.— H. ASHDOWN. The Com TMPROVER, for Private Gardens.— Age 19; X three years' experience, and three years' good character. A premium given.— WM. SMYTHE, The Gardens, Basing Park. Alton, Hauts. IMPROVER.— Age 21 ; served three years' Apprenticeship in one of the leading Nurseries, and had eighteen mouths' experience since. Wishes for a situation in a large Nursery us above. Satisfactory references. State wages. WOODCOCK. II, King's Road, Reading. rpO BELGIAN NURSERYMEN.— E. M. X Palmkk seeks employment in a Belgian Establishment. Propaglting House preferred. English and French references ; Age 24.— Address. Ramsey, Huntingdon, England. O NURSERYMEN.- Young man (age 21) wants situation in or near London. Four years' expe- rience. Palms and Ferns. Good reference.— J. H., 11, Arma- dale Road, Walluim Green. rPO NURSERYMEN. — AVanted, situation A Well up in Potting, Tyeing, Watering, &c. Age 2.'i single; three years' last situation. Hood character.— F. H. Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C TH) NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— X Young man seeks situation in good Nursery. Good re- ferences.- Please address; E. E. lloi'VVOOD, «l, Ashmead Road, John's, Lewishum. TO MARKET GROWERS. — Young man (age 24), Beeta a BJtuation tu above. Ten years' experN enoe; t»-»t refexenpotv?— W. IIAKKTS, Mont Nursery, East Grinstend, Su^-**-x. O NURSERYMEN.— Wanted by a young man, age 2:*, a situation in a Nurserv, experienced.— F. R.. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T'O MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young man, well acquaint. 'I with all kinds of Market Nursery, Hants a situation. — Letters to D6 addressed, BAJRTTRUM, .'W, Kitto Road, Nunhead, S.E. SEED TRADE.— Advertiser is open to an engagement —Eight. *en years' experience in all branches of the Trade. Used to attending Market, ice. First-chns references. Married. Age :u.— X. Y. Z., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24 ; eight years' experience: Good knowledge of the Trade in all brandies. Good reference. — CORNFLOWER, Gardeners Chronicle Ollne, 41. Wellington Street, strand, W.C. LEDGER CLERIv. — Many years' experience. Highest and most satisfactory references.— C. N., Elm Gardens, Hammersmith, W. rPO NrRSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, and JL FL0HIST3.— Age 28: twelve years' experience and references. First-class at Wreath*. Crosses, and nil Floral Work. — S. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HANDY MAN, in a Nursery .—Good Brick- layer, Carpenter, Painter, Glazier, Hot-water fitter, and Greenhouse Builder. — SAMUEL HILL, Florist, &c, Latimer Kcrnd, Forest Gate, E. HOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Indigestion and Liver Complaints. — The digestion cannot he long or seriously disorders! without the derangement belli g perceptible on the countenance. These Pills prevent both unpleasant consequences; they improve the appetite, and with the in- crease of tit-sire for food, they uugnunt the powers of digestion ami n-ssiniil.'ttion in the stomach. Holloway's Pills deal most satisfactorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the many organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our bodies from Our various diets— as the liver, stomach and howels, over ail of which they exercise the most salutary control. By resort- ing at. an early stage of this malady to these purifying and laxative Pills, the dyspeptic is speedily restored to health and Strength, and h.ia sallowm-s gradually Vanishes 96 THE GAB HE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [January 18, 1890. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANE IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATINC GEAR ahd VALVES. Iu the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby without the necessity of disturbing the brickwork setting. PRICE LIST FREE. may be effected in the course of a few minutes, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, Telegraphic Address-"Hot-water, London." Telephone, No. 4763. S.E PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Domo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping1 wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actions of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, and Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. Osraan & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Perpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words " Frigi Domo " as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington & Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN EDCINGTON (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. FOR SALE, a PEACH HOUSE (lean-to), 181 feet long by 8 feet wide, glazed in putty with j-rolled plate glass. This House is being pulled down, it having been decided to rebuild it and others on Helliwell's Patent System, which has been in use in the same garden for the past five years. The substitution of Helliwell's Patent System for old putty structures has been effected in many noblemen's and gentlemen's gardens in consequence of the saving effected in repairs, painting, &c, and also because of the greater increase of plant growth and fruit crops due to better light. Testi- monial : — Shirburn Castle, Tetsworth. January 5, 1890. gIRi — As you request my opinion of the houses you erected for me some four years ago, I beg to inform you that I consider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to many oc my neighbours. Yours truly, (Signed) Macclesfield. The Peach House may be seen at Kirklees Hall Gardens, Brighouse. For prices, &c, apply to HELLIWELL'S Patent Glazing Works, Brighouse, Yorkshire. FREE ' The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied i light, strong, Messrs. Dicksons, Limited. Chester, write: and w.-ll mud.-, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write :— *' We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your 'Gardeu Pots ; ' thev are well iiiu.le, light, vet strong, aud we like them better than any others we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:— "For nearly thirty years I have been using your ' Garden Pots,' and still find them best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers iu the world. No waiting ; millions in stock. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders. Half carriage on £5 orders. Samples free. Address — RICHARD SANKEY & SON, bulwell potteries, NOTTINGHAM. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ma?o8ri2es VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE 3IEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. Provisional Protection lasting 9 months, £3 3s., subsequently completing the application, £6 6s. French Patent, with first year's tax paid, £8. Belgian Patent, £4. German Patent, £10 10s. Drawings, when required, at extra charge by arrangement. BOOK OF CHARGES and Information Relating to all Countries Free. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS — " PROLONGED, LONDON." 59 & 6 0, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements aud Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Coveut Garden, Loudon, W.C. Printed by WILLIAM Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury. Achew. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the rfiunty of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, January 18, 1890. Agent for Manchester— Joan Heywood. ESTABI/FSHED J 841 No. 161.— Vol.VIL {iZZ} SATURDAY, JANUAEY 25, 1S90. Price 3d. Post-Free, Qd. CONTENTS. Rijfuonia radicana Buugainvilleas Bulb mite, the Chinese gardens Cypripedium tiers Florists' Hower* Flower garden, t lie ., culture in Scilly ... Flo wera in season Gardeners' Orphan Fund Gardener's problem, a ... Gardening appointments Hall for horticulture ... Hardy fruit garden Helleborns Mger, var. angustifolius Holly, forced Khw notns Kitchen garden, the ... Leelia elegana Blenheim- Law Note Lightning, Oak struck i>y Lily of the Valley Natal, vegetation in Nova Scotia Nut tree, a precocious ... Obit nary : — Henderson, P Oncidium splendidum ... Orchid houses, the ,, notes and glean- ings Orchids. list of garden... r^a cerina Pinus palustris Plum-leaf disease Pyrus heterophylla Railway rates *' RoHarians' Year Rook" Royal Horticultural So- ciety Selbonie Society G I iea : — Kdmburgh Botanical... Roy.l Horticultural ... , Trees and shrubs Weather plant, the ... Year's trad.-, a ILLU8TRATION8. Nurcksns fly. the Natal Botanic Garden, vie Oak struck by Lightning Pyrus heteropliylla Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position he guaranteed for ad- rertixements occupying less space than an entire colu?nn. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 7 HE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE, Vnl. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, Including Postage, is $1.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America:— K. H. LIBBY. Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. SOPHIA BURT returns her BEST THANKS to all those who so kindly GAVE HEK THEIK TOTES at Hi.- late Election of the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent In-titution. Special Offer to the Trade. "»00 TO>;x <'hoice SEED POTATOS for • "V/'/ disposal, comprising, among others, the following varieties:- Rdlar's Beading Giant, inns.; Sutton's Abundance, mis. j Sutton'B Seedling, 60». ; Ileauty of Hebron, hoi. ; White Elephant, hut. ; Imperator, 7"i. ; Schoolmaster, 80s.; The Bruce. BOl.i Beading Hero, 80s.; Magnum Uonum, 60 I. ; Veitch'a Ashleaf, 80s. ; Vicar of Laleham, 80i. ; King of the Russett. 80t. ; Reading Russ. tt, Tin. ; Early Rose. 70*. per ton, &<-.. &c , all free on Bails. Any further particulars free upon application to— C. FIDLER. See.i»man and Potato Grower, Beading. HOICE GERMAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. CATALOGUES free on application. FRED. BOEMEB, Seed Grower, Quedlinburg, Germany. "EMNE-FOLIAGED PLANTS and FERNS.— JL To be sold for want of room, about SO fine-foliaged and rarlegated plants, and 20 Ferns, most of which have I n »i biblted with success. Can be seen at any time. For names, &e.. apply C. ROSS. The Gardens, Welford Park, Newbury. UASTOLF RASPBERRY CANES, JL For ale, 80». per 1000, it. per 100. Terms. Caab before delivery, F. O. R„ Wisbech. Apply. MANAGER, Osborne House Farm, Wisbech. c New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238, High Holborx, LONDON, W.C. USTRALIAN SEEDS. LUCERNE. GRASS SEEDS. PEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYPTf, CYCADS, CASl'ARINA. Stc., Seeds and Plants. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Drafts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils, &c, requested. STEPHENSON ami. In] I NSON, Seed Growers and Merchants. 9, King Street, W., Sydney, N.S.W. AMES BACKHOUSE and SON'S Illustrated and Descriptive CATALOGUE of SEEDS and AMATEURS' GUIDE to GARDENING (50 pp.), Will be sent Freeou application. It contains a full List, with descriptions of the best and most Useful Garden and Flower Seeds, and is particularly rich in Choice Perennials and Alpine Plants suit- able for cultivation on roekworks. A LIST of Seeds and Plants recommended f, ,r Cultivation by beekeepers is included. JAMES BACKHOUSE ami SON, York. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890.— We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the besl Novelttesof the season, May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall lit once be posted. WAl'KINS AM. SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. ")(\t\ HO/) LARCH, Native, 2 to 3 feet; A»We;VVV 900, SCOTCH Native, M to 2; feet; extra fine, stout, healthy, and well rooted. Nothing tuier in the Trade. All sizes 1,1 I.ABt li. SCOTCH SPRUCE. HABII- WOOD. QUICKS to offer ; also Splendid HORSE OHESTNI is, or ornament, 10 to 13 fei i. U LTHESON'S Old established Nurseries, Morpeth. SPARAGUS, 2-yr. old, at 10«. Extra strong SEAKALE, at JtJ per 1000.— T. MASON, J, Nnpicr Villas. E. Greenwich. CHARLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale Florims and COMMISSION Agents, Bedfordburv, Covent Garden, W.C are OPEN To RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Boxes forwarded, Highest Market Prices guaranteed. HOICE FLO WERS^CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY BIDES, Cov.-nt Harden, W.C. JW. BAKMIA M (late of Squelch & • Buniham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION, (JKAl'KS. TOMATOS, and other Choice FKCITS ; also FLOWERS. His pei-Homil attention Becuring highest Market Frioes. Account Sales daily, and cheques ut option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NUKSKKYMEIt, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, t'uvent Harden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWEKS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Holes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address— "COMMISSION, SIDCUP." ANTED, DICKSONIA ANTARCTICA or SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, with good spreading head and 6 to 7 feet clear stem. State number and size of fronds, and price, also half-specimen RONDOLETIA 8PECIOSA MAJOR. CLIBKAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham. ANTED, Large Plants of IMATOPHYL- LUM MINIATUM, ASPARAGUS PLUMOSUS NANUS. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, and EUPHORBIA JAC- QUDTJSHLOBA, in EXCHANGE for OR H IDS. Apply F. S.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, good sound SHALLOTS, for Planting. Sample and price per bushel to S. TALBOT, Uphes Faversham. w BUTTON'S PRIZETAKER LEEK. — The O largest and best Leek grown ; thick, pure -white, veri mild ana agreeable in flavour. Hus taken many prizes, and deservedly popular. Unequalled for exhibition purposes. Mr. J. Mum, Gardener to C. R. M. Talbot, Esq., M.P,, says:— " Your Pri/etaker Leek is the best in cultivation." Price of Sesd, Is. Gd. and 2s. 6a\ per packet. Post-free. For full particulars of Sutton's Specialties in Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, see Sutton's " Amateur's Guide," the most complete gardening annual issued. Price Is., Post-free ; gratis to customers ordering goods value 205. and upwards. Sutton's Skeds Genuine Only Direct From SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. Trade Price Current. 1890. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Wholesale Seed Growers and Merchants, Edinburgh, line iwed their ANNUAL CATALOGUE of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS to their Customers. If uotdelivered iu anv case, another copy will be posted on application. The ANNUAL CATALOGUE of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS will be published later on; meanwhile, special oilers will be made w hen requested. AZALEAS for Salt-, twelve really tfood, splen- did plants for Conservatory, well-grown and healthy. Will I. loom ireeiv in -pring. To be Sold for want of room. Apply Mr..!. WHITEHEAD, Guildhall street, Thetiord, Norfolk. THORNS, QUICKS, Great Reduction— 12 to X IS indies, Is. fW. per 1000; 1} to 2 feet. 10s. per 1000; 9 to 2J feet, 12s. per 1000; 2 to .') feet, Ms. per 1000; 3 to I feet, I8». per 1000; S] ,d u .Mi.oooaud 100,000. GAKLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, .Stranraer. Tree or Perpetual Carnations. 1HAJRLES TURNER has a large Collection of these iMpular favourites iii Bud and Bloom. LIST and on application. The Royal Hurseries, slough. c Trade Offer of Small Palms. WICETON has a very tine Stock of tho • leading kinds of PA L.MS for growing on. Prices very low for large quantities. W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. SPECIAL OFFER of Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS in strong roots, 100 good and distinct varieties for Its., 1000 plants in 100 varieties for 80s., package free. Lisr on application. SAMUEL SMITH, Nurseryman, Matlock Bank, Derbyshire. Cucumber " Lockle's Perlectlon." CHARLES TURNER, having purchased the Stock of this sterling new variety, is much pleased to introduce it, and can with the greatest confidence recommend it as the liest Cucumber ever sent out. Price per packet, 1«. 6rf. and 2s. lid. Descriptive CATALOGUE upon application. Tho Royal Nurseries, Mough. The New Raspberry. LORD BEACON SFIELD. (A Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First-olass Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes 30s. per 100 ; -I*, per dozen. Trade supplied; Cash with order. Captain Strawberry Plants, 4s. per 100. Buy direct from the Grower. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford. GOOSEBERRIES. Lancashire Lad, U-year old, strong, well-rooted plants.— Apply to ALBERT BATH, Sevenonks, Kent. Anyone having Volumes of GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, of Old or Recent Date, to Dispose of, is requested to communicate with Mr. G. BUCKLE, tj. Beresford Road, Canonbury, N. Please state Binding and Price. ARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— What offers for 12j years' issue (July, 1877, to December, 1890), A few missing. Unbound.— SNOOK, Shaukliu. IIOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carnuge paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, VictoriaEoad, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 98 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday and Saturday Next. )000 choice named Standard. Dwarf, and Climbing EOSES, inchidinK many of the best -how varieties; Hardy ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and CONIFERS. CARNA- TIONS. PICOTEES. and other BORDER PLANTS, in great variety; Berlin LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, Home-Town LILIES. LILIUM AIIRATUM from Japan, Pyramid and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES to name, DAHLIAS. Hardy DAFFODILS, GALANTHUS, CHIO- NODOXAS, DUTCH RULBS. &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION at his^Great Rooms, 38, King street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY NEXT, January 29 and February 1, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. VALUABLE IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. A fine Importation of ANGR.ECUM SESQUIPEDALE and A. EBURNEUM, just received direct in splendid condition; also some fine ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in flower and bud; and a case of ARAUCARIA EXCELSA, just to hand. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION at bis Great Rooms, 38. King Street. Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January 30, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, ' On view morning of Sal*, ami Catalogues had. Thursday Next. IMMENSE IMPORTATIONS FROM JAPAN. 20,000 GRAND BULBS of Liliura auratura (mostly in cases as received). Also L. auratum rubro vitfitum, Wittei, Pic- tum and Macranthum, L. longi riorum, L. Kram^ri, L. speciosum album and nibruni, L. Batemanii. L. longiflorum albis marginatum, L. Leichtlini, L. Concolor, L. Tigrinum tlorepleno. L. elegans. atropurptireum and sanguineuni, L. Kamschatkeusis, L. Coridion, and otlier Bulbs just received from Japan. ME. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 3S. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, January ."10. On view, morning of Sale, and Catalogues had, Thursday, February 13. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWEK and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next Special Sale of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, will take place at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, on THUR-DAY, February 13. and he will he glad if gentlemen desirous of entering plants for this Sale, will please send LISTS as ppon as possible. Monday Next. 7000 LILIUM AURATUM. 1200 LILIUM SPECIOSUM RUBRUM and KRAMERI, and a few Cases of various LILIES, just received from Japan, all in first-class con- dition; fill!) GLADIOLUS SANDERSII, :1imi GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS. 200 Half-Standard ROSES, and a large quantity of various English-grown LILIES and Hardy BULBS- MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, January 27. at half-past 12 o'Clnrk pr.vi-.-lv. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. 400 Standard. Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSFS CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS. CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS FRUIT TREES RHODODENDRONS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above at the Citv Auction Rooms. 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street. E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, January 28, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 6.8. Cheapside, E.C. Wednesday Next. 80C0 splendid Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, about. 3000 LILIUM SPECIOSUM KUI1RIIM. AI.I1UM KRCETZKRI MELPOMENE and MACRANTHUM, WASHINGTO- NIANUM and HUMBOLDTI, including a large number of exceptionally fine Bulbs; also about 200 Japanese IRIS, including many beautiful varieties ; 1000 Double and Semi- double BEGONIAS from Belgium. .11)00 African TUBE- ROSES, Standard and Half-standard ROSES. HELLE- BORES; a choice assortment of FERNS and I.RF.EN- HOUSE PLANTS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E C on WED- NESDAY NEXT, January 20, at half-past 12 (.'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. Just received in splendid condition. 6000 SEEDS KENTIA HELMOREANA 6000 SEEDS KENTIA FORSTERIANA MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.G.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT January 29, 6i I SEEDS of KENTIA BELMOREANA "and Oiiiii, SEEDS of KENTIA FORSTERI \NA. just received in the finest possible condition. As is well-known, these two Kentias, are the most elegant and Ornamental of all Greenhouse Palms. ling of Sale, and Catalogues had. MT-,r,r,,F,rTda;y,Next -imported I endrobes. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. W. Kemsley&Co to include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT. Jnnuarv'.'U . a tine lot .if DFN- DROBIUM WARDIaNUM (HliANTEUM, TIIRYSIKLORUM FALCONERI. BoYMERIANUM. and others OYMBIDIl U LOWIANUM. and a new GVEL, M1YN K f„„„ Hahrno On view, morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday next. Vanda Sanderiana. Highly important SALE of ORCHIDS, by order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co.. St. Albans. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, January 31, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, an unusually line selection of imported ORCHIDS as follows:— VANDA SANDERIANA., a splendid lot which have been imported about four weeks, and are now in first-class con- dition. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA from a hitherto uusearclied district. DERIDES LAWRENCI.T5, a very fine lot of healthy and well-leaved plants. L-ELIA HARPOPHYLLA, a very healthy batch of this useful Orchid. CATTLEYA IMPERIALIS, a good lot of Ihis rare Cattleya. VANDA CffiRULEA, a very fine importation. /"ERIDES SANDERIANUM, about thirty good plants. L.ELIA GRANDIS, PHAJUS HUMBOLDTI, ANGR.TT.CUM SANDERIANUM, twelve specially large masses ol DENDRO- BIUM NOBILE, collected in the same district whence the magnificent varieties were imported in 1678 and 1879. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS and C05LOGYNE DAYANA. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wandsworth Common. Expiration of Lease. Close to the Earlsfield Station, and about 1 mile from Clapham Junction. UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of the STOCK now on this branch NURSERY, the Land being required by the Cemetery Company. VfESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are L»-L instructed by Mr. R. Neal to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Cemetery Nurserv. Wandsworth Common, on TUESDAY. February 11, at 12 o''Clock, the whole of the well-grown NUKSERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal. Further particulars will appear. Auction and Estate Offices. 07 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C. Maresneld, near uckfield, Sussex. Three miles from Uckfield Railway Station. PRELIMINARY NOTICE of an important two days' Sale of remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood- lauds Nursery, Maresneld, near Uckfield, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. February 12 and 13. at 12 o'CTock each day, by order of Messrs. William William Wood & Son, a large quantity of unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK. Further particulars will appear. Auction and Estate Offices. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. E ('. Orchids in Flower— Tuesday, February 4. "VTESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de- lt-L sire to announce that their NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWEIt will take place as above, for wdiich they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C. Monday and Wednesday Next. LILIUM AURATUM, Important to Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and others. 15,000 Bulbs just received from Japan. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALES, at their Central Auction Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C. on MONDAY NEXT, January 27. 7000 BULBS; and on WED- NESDAY NEXT. Janua>y 29. 8000. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, February 6. SALE of NURSERY STOCK from SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NEXT SALE of NUR- SERY STOCK from SAMPLE will take place as above tot whi h they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE ENTRIES As si n >\ AS POSSIBLE. Auction and Estate Offices, 67 and 68. Cheapside, E.C. Orchids. We have received instructions from Blenheim to offer 400 lots of ORCHIDS without reserve, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough having decided to reduce bis collection to make room for flowering stuff. This is an unusual opportunity of obtaining Orchids from this unrivalled collection. Sale to commence at 1 o'clock on WEDNES- DAY NEXT, January 29, at our Sale Rooms. 6, Phillip Street, adjoining the Market Hall. Birmingham. MESSRS. POPE and SONS, Horticultural Auctioneers. Catalogues by post on application. w ANTED TO RENT, 2 or 3 acres of LAND, with some Glass Erections, or Partnership in a larger concern which would bear strictest invesl igation treated with. Particulars to E. J., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. rPO BE SOLI), by Private Treaty, an OlfS J- established NURSERY BUSINESS. Leasehold. Dwelling- house, 8 Greenhouses, and about 10 Acres of Land. Near London. For particulars, apply to MONTAGU SCOTT and BAKER, Soli, -non, Gray's Inn. W.C. To Nurserv men and Florists, Hampton, Middlesex. TJUSINESS FOR SALE, on an unexpired J—J lease, with immediate possession, comprising a 6-room Cottage, with about an Acre of Ground stocked with choice Shrubs. Sfcc. ; also well adapted for Glass. For terms and particulars apply to Mr. JOHN EMBLETON, Auctioneer, &c, Suffolk House, New Hampton. TX) LET, Walled-in GARDEN, three acres; -L eightroomed House, Stable, and Outbuildings, Vinery and Pits, well stocked with Fruit Trees, &c, near two market towns, good soil. Rent £50. Apply to Mr. MASLIN, Ferring, Worthing. Allanshaw Nursery, Hamilton, Lanarkshire. TO LET, entry immediately (Mr. Thomas Raukin having given up business), as NURSERY or MARKET GARDEN. The Ground extends to 10 Acres, half in Grass and half lor Trees and Shrubs. Apply to THOMAS FINNIE, Gardener, Allanshaw, Hamilton. TO BE LET, on Lease, near Weybridge, about 3 acres of LAND, suitable for Nurseries, containing 16,800 super, feet Modern Glasshouses, fully heated Dn be i principle, and planted with Black Hamburgh, Muscat of Alexandria, Gros Colmar and Alicante Vines— mostly 4-year old canes. Productive Tomato Crop canbe grown till Vim Apply. Mr. G. MUNRO, Fruit Salesman. Covent Garden, W.C. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have an immense stock, to ■which, they are constantly adding, and all are offered at the lowest possible prices. LISTS with Prices and particulars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON. near LIVERPOOL. 01 EE'S GENUINE HOME-GROWN SEEDS, X PLANTS, POTATOS, QUICKS, &c, now ready, reasonable iu price, and quality unsurpa-s.sl. Peter Logan, Esq, Heiton, Roxburghshire, writes: — "Yourclimate in Bedfordshire seems most favourable for the growing of Farm and Garden Seeds. AH t lie kinds sown here from your establishment hive brairded quickly. Nu failures, heavy crops, and no refuse." COLLECTIONS of BEDFORDSHIRE - GROWN VEGE- TABLE SEEDS, made to suit all sized gardens, com . ...i, most liberal assortment of best \ .no t i.-s. tor ., y. ;n-\ suppl y, at '5s., 10s. tirf., 21s., 42s., and upwards, Carriage Paid. ONION SEED, Genuine Home-grown, which may be relied upon (uot foreign). Gee's Improved White Spanish and Bed- fordshire Champion, 7s. 6ir Joseph Paxton, and Elton Pine, strong plants 8s. per 1000.— YOUNG, Allenbank, Bridgeof Allan 1890.] THE GABDEXEES' CHBOX1 CLE. 99 THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. At the Annual General Meeting of the Members of this Institution held on THURSDAY, the 16th inst., for the Election of Nine Pensioners, the following was the result of the Billot :— CANDIDATES. Votes. NAME. 3211 JAMES BAILLIE ELECTED. r.i-i HENRY BARTHOLOMEW. 711 THOMAS BENNTNG. 1515 SARAH BRUSH ELECTED. 795 WILLIAM BUNN. 2369 SOPHIA BURT ELECTED. 213 JAMES BUSH. 240 JOHN BUTLER. 1517 ROBERT COX ELECTED. 172 JONAH DICKENSON. 694 JAMES GAGE. 453 THOMAS GOODWIN. 488 ISAAC GIBBONS. 648 GEORGE HINXMAN. 572 DAVID INNES. 353 LOUISA JENNINGS. 14^5 MARIA MILLEY ELECTED. 1890 MARY ANN MILROY ELECTED. 476 BENJAMIN MORRELL. 170 JANE ELIZA NICHOLS. ELIZABETH PARKER JOSEPH HENRY POOLE. HENRY PRIMMER. JAMES ROBINSON GEORGE WM. lOUNG .. EDWARD R. CUTLER, Secretary. 50, Parliament Street, S.W., January 17, 1S90. K IXG'S Unrivalled VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, in collections of 2s. 6i., 5«„ 12*. 6rf., 21s., &c. Liberal quantities combined with the best quality onlv. Gaedea Manual post-free 7 stamps, free to customers. JilHN K. KINO. Royal See.l Grower. Cogge-hull. E-sex. ED CTRKANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, -Iron.' APPLES, P-yramid, good torts, 5 to 7 feel Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, lit- tr B to 9 feet. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. VicomtesseHericartdeThury, Stirling Castle.— TODDLNGTON orchard co.. Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. Awarded Silver Medal an.l twenty Certificates, 1889. The finest collection in Europe, MRS. S. COLEMAN, awarded six First-cl golden-bron/e sport, shaded rose; from* Princess of Wales. 5j. each. 3 for 12s. tW. ADA 8 PAULDING, the largest incurred variety ever raised; colour deep ros.-, with fight -r centre. Won Han four other Cups and Prizes 5s. each. JOHN LA.MIiERT, sport from Lord U ash t . • ■■■ ur, creamy, yellow, shaded rose ; distinct, and suparior'tol or Golden Queen in build and colour; considere of the i," ii family. 3f. 6 f. e ich. Orders executed in rotation earrj in March. 1 hold the stoefrof ilii-- three grand novelties; do << future without them. CATALOGUE el over 1 plendid novelties and general stork in Press, price 8rf., gratis !<■ customers. Culture, by E, Molyneux, w. Tunnington, and 0. Orchard, ROBERT OWEN. Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. 3,000,000 R II ODODEN DltONS, po.NTICUMs. 8 to 0 ii ties, lOi. per 100, 80s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 13s. per 10 I, 110s per 1 ; 19 to I 18r. per 100, 160>. per 1000. CATAWIIIKNSA IIYMKIDA. r, to '.':... 13 . per 100. 100s. per lo. ... ; II I,, 1-.. ,,i ! , I.,.. |, , ],„,. 121 p. r 1 100; 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100. 180i per 1000; 15 to 20 21s. Dei 100, 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy pi, nits, twice and thrice transplanted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, fx application to JAMES SMITH Avn SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3^-inch pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. SMALL SHRUBS, &C., Keduced.— Araucaria imbricata. 10 inches, 40s. per 100; Sweet Bays, 2 yr., 25*. per 1000; Gupressns. macrocarpa, 9 to 10-inch pots, 8*. per 100; C. erecta virulis, 6 inches, fm<. per 1000; C. Allumii, 9 inches, 7«. 0d. per 100; C. stricta, 1 foot. 10s. per 100; C. mum, the 40*. perlOOOrLa-urustinus, 8inches.7s. Jier 100; Evergreen Oaks, 1 year, ails, per lonil; pampas Grass, 50*. per 1 i; BhododendrOD ponticuro, 1 yr. trims planted, 22s. per loon; Pinu, (Vmt.ru, ;t-yr.. Ills, per 1000; P. insignia, 1 yr. 2s. « per 100. PLUMS. Standard, 160*. per in". BOX. YEWS. HOLLIES, Green and Variegated Flowering SHRUBS, CLIMBERS RHODODENDRONS, in,, mi ,. .1 - ,rt«. wc'l set with bloom - buds. An inspection of the above is soli. ill. H. LANE AM. SO . Rerkh.imslea.l. Herts. ARTLAND'S 66 page ■■ YKAR I300K" of SEEDS for 1890. Within itsiolf unique in the extreme. His " Book of Daffo- dils'' has no rival in th" United Kingdom. His "Book of i not like any other publication throughout the British Isles, and there are seeds aud plants ottered th.it no other hou.se has j.-t attempted to offer. Send three stamps to 01 er p .-' i [ e, 8 tfor copy. WM. BAYLOR HABTXAND, Old Established s I Wire i . Pal r '.. Street, I " Now Is the Time to Plant Trees." DOBERT NEAL begs to call the attention IX of Gentlemen, Coca] Boards, Builders, and others who int. -ml pi.iutin - tin* season, to his lure.- inn! varied stock "f 9hrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, i i. it trees, inisiiv CLIMBING PLANTS, &.-., which, being well transplanted, arc in for removal, an.l having been grown in the vicinity •■( I don, are especially adapted for to wu at [street] S| quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection • >! the licit I C IT \ i an. Also to offer extra fini SEAKALE Nurseries. Trinit) Road, Wandsworth Common. CONIFERS and SHRUBS. s.bies DonglasU, 4 to 5 ft... 60S. per 1ml ; 8 to 7 ft., 70s. per 100; Ar. .ii imbricatu. 2 : to 3} ft. 38*. per dor..; 4ft., 48f. per do/. ; Cu] I per 100 3 to 31 ft.. 32s. per 100; i . i upressus erectaviridis, ljto2ft.,30». per 100; 3ft., [0t. per 100; 1' aNordmanniasa, 3 ft., 12s. per dor. ; ftetinospora plumosa, 1} ft., 36*. per 100; 3 to 3( ft., line, 60s. per 1 R, snuarrosa, i> to 2 ft.. 32s. 1"T lOn; Tl 1 Lobbll, 3 I" I It., 30*. per lOi; 4 to 5 ft., 5ns. per 100; T. (lolal.rata, 2 ft., 80s. per 100; 4 ft., extra, 36s. per dor..; Berle-ris A. pi. folium. 2 ft.. 12s. per 100; Box trees. 2 to 3 ft. pan Box, 12 Inch, 12s. per 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 lo | ft.. 16*. per 100; Sea Buck- thorn, 12 to 15 inch, 8*. per linl; E-eiilliiina inn r intha, |"t-. strong, 21s. per Inn . Laurels, coninion, 2 to 3 ft., 12s. per 100; 0 :} II., 20*. per inn; L. Caucasians, 3 to 3i ft., 20s. per 100; L. rotundifolia, 2 ft., 16*. per 100; Rhododenilrou ponticum, 1J to 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 2 to 2} ft., 40*. per 100; 4 ft. buds, 100*. per 100; B, hybrids, 2 to 2J ft., 60s. per 100; 4 ft.. 120s. per llltl. Special prices per lonn. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranrner. £A (\(\(\ GREEN EUONYMUS^ 'J\J>l\J\J\J all (rood shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm. Brighton. FOR SALIC. >oo OAKS, !i to 12 tVet, :>,()*. p.-r 100. 200 CHESTNUTS, Horse, 10 to IK feet, 86*. per LOO. Applv to— THoS. H!'.IiI.i:v.-| he Gardens, Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. SEED POTATOS, Reduced.— A few tons of Myatt's and Rivers' Kidney Potatos, £i per ton.good quality. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. The Successful Transplanting of Large Trees and Plants. BOOK ON TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS. Post-free on application. CHARLES it. KELLY, Landscape Gardener, Tarnorley, Cheshire. ' The New Early Dessert Apple. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should be added to every Collection. It is the best flavoured and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis- pensable as an early dessert fruit when it becomes known. Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. 6d. each, 24.\ per dozen; 2-yr. Trees, 3s. &d. each, 36s. per dozen; Pyramids, 5s. each; Dwarf- trained, 7s. ad. each. Full description free by post. GEORGE COOLING AMP SONS. The Nurseries. Bath. 15s. to 20s. per dor... 2ns. per 100, ANDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS, CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris. 1S78. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON USD SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. E. DIXON'S " PRESIDENT CARNOT " • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per packet, for season 1890. The following' testimonial (one of many similar) has been received from — Mr. GEORciE Summers, Gardener to the Earl of Searbrough : — "Dear Sir, — I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprouts by the side of several other well-known varieties, and have come to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety grown." London Wholesale Agents :— HURST ASK SON, 152. Hounds- ditch, E. ; COOPER. TABER AND CO. (Limited), 90, South- wark Street. Borough, S.E. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23. Lord Street. Gainsborough. REES, CONIFER.E, for Immediate Effect. All well-grown, being frequently transplanted. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA. 3 to 4 feet ... 30s. to 40s. perdoz. THUIA ELLWANGERIANA, fine stuff. ) ,, , ,„ 3 to 6 feet ) 30s. to 40s. „ CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 5 to 6 feet... 20s. per dozen. ABIES I'OI'OLASII, 6 to 7 feet 20*. PINUS EXCELSA, 6 to 7 feet 21s. .. WEYMOUTH. 5 to 6 feet ISs. THU.TOPSIS HOREALIS, 6 to 7 feet YEW, English, 3 to 4 feet I FIR, stuff, 3 to 4 feet LARCH FIR. do. do. 5 to 6 feet COMMON LAURELS, 5 to 6 feet 15s. per do/en. W. DALE, Hicknrandiae Nursery, Knockholt, Kent. CBARLES TURN Kit's 1 -escriptive and Priced CATALOGUE of KITCHEN. FLOWER GARDEN, aud FARM SEEDS, "ill be sent free on application. The Knviil Nurseries. Slough. CALCEOLARIAS.— First-prize Strain, be nit i fully spotted mid striped ; strong, healthy, nice clean, well established plants, from thumb-pots, 2*. per dozen, IS*, per mo. PRIMROSE. Hardy's new hybrid novelties (very choice), about thirty colours, Strong plants, 5s. per 100, -Ins. PRIMROSE POLYANTHUS.— Hardy's new novelties, aboul ciglil splendid colours, 5s. per 100, -Us. per 1000. POLYANTHUS. -Hi, nlv's |i,„.st selected gold-laced, show flowers, 5*. per Ion. 46*; per lnilil. All the nl. nve are well known, and give excellent satisfne- .1 my Testimonials. One just before me mm- i.nir Primroses and Polyanthus are really charming." I'URRVNI'S, llluck Naples an. I Red Ruby Cn.stle. 0 few hundred i j r. old bushes, 8*. per 100, to clear. Cash, Packages free. Extra plants for carriage. H. I. HARDY, F.R.H.S., Stour Valley Nurseries, Burcs, Suffolk. ]?OR SALE, a fine, healthy, handsome, ? LATANIA BORHONICA. height 6 feet, spread 8 feet, Thirteen leavi i, in No. I pot. Price on application to— HOPWOOD'S, Belle Vue Nursery. Cheltenham. SEEDS— SEEDS— SEEDS.— Select Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at Wholesale Prices : — sprouts. Is. ad. per lb.; Dwarf Red Beet, Is. id. per lb.; Purple Sprouting Broccoli, Is. ad. per lb.; Early White Broccoli, 2s. ii/. per lii. ; CiiletiKin's East Kent Cabbage, 2s. per lb.; Drumhead Savoy, 2s. per li>. ; Long Prickly Cucumber, 4s. 6(f. per lb.; Long White Marrow. 3s. per lb.; Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower, 8s. per lb. CATALOGUE gratis, ami Post-free. B. I.. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. URRANTS, White G rape, strong, 10s. per 100 ; strong standard APPLES, leading sorts, £5 per 100; ilo. PEARS, do., 'ins.. Wis. per ion ; do. English ELMS, 10 to 14 ft., 50s., 60s., 8ns. per 100. Strong dwarf trained PLUMS. Victoria ; do. APPLES, sorts; do. PEARS, do. ; do. CHERRIES, do., 18s. perdoz. American ARBOR-VIT.E, 3 feet, ,'O.t. per 100. hand- some plant-, lately tranSDlanted ; Oval-leuveil PRIVET, 3 feet, bnshy, 8s. per 100; Evergreen do., 3 feet, do., 25s. per 1000; strung (ii.. ire ile Dijon RoSES. at 8s. perdoz., 60s. per Inn, al HOPWOODS, Belle Vue Nursery, Cheltenham. UICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10s.. 12s.. and 16s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS AND SON, 52, Market Square, Northampton. A New Sensational Carnation. MADAME ARTHUR WAROCQUE. 1t_L A Bright Scarlet SOUVENIR DE LA MALMAISON. See Opinion of the Press. A well-known grower of Carna- tion saya :— " It is undoubtedly the best of the ' Malmaisons.' " We have still a few good, well established plants, in pots, at 5s. each. ca-h. Trade price on application. L'HORTICULTUBE INTERNATIONALE (Linden), Pare Leopold, Brussels. 100 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. GEO.JACKMAN&SON well-grown stock litable for Market selected Standards beg to offer a large anc of the following :— FRUIT TREES— Of the leading varietie and Private Gardens. ROSES-Choice and Exhibition Varietiei and Dwarfs; nlso in pots for forcing. RHODODENDRONS— Of the best named sorts, well set with buds; also Hybrid, Seedling, and Ponticum, for shrubbery and covert planting. CONIFERS— A Large Collection for Lawns and Pleasure Qrounds. , ... „ ,, SHRUBS — Ornamental and Flowering, adapted for Belts, Shrubberies, Screens, &c. TREES— Ornamental and Flowering, for Parks, Avenues, Streets, and Private Gardens. FOREST TREES— For Coverts, Screens, &c, all grown by thousands. _ , , CLIMBERS— In large variety for Walls, Trellises, Rockwork, &c, including their celebrated Clematis. G. J. & Son have also to offer a NEW CLEMATIS ••MRS. BARON VEILLARD " — a hand- some variety of the Jackmanii type. It is a vigorous grower, bearing a profusion of distinct light lilac rose flowers, of medium size, from July to October. It can be highly 'recommended for its good qualities, and should be added to every collection. Price on application. LANDSCAPE GARDENING— A leading feature. Plans made and Estimates given for Laying-out Estates, Public Parks, Cemeteries, Private Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds. ■ and Priced CATALOGUE, i application. WOKING NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. See CATALOGUE for simple Instructions and kinds of Trees to suit all soils. Y\ O S E S . Bushes 8s. per dozen, 60j. per 100. £§F» Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 15s. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12s., 18s., and 24». per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. W TO THE TRADE. E can make Special Prices for any of the following, in quantities.— PEAS. ABUNDANCE AMERICAN WONDER BLUE PETER champion OF ENGLAND DICKSON'S FAVOURITE KORTYFOLD LITTLE GEM SANGSTER'S SELECTED STRATAGEM TELEPHONE TOM THUMB. ONIONS. BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, SEED MERCHANTS, COVENT GARDEN. LONDON. W.C. ALL WHO DESIRE TO HAVE A CONSTANT and PLENTIFUL SUPPLY OF THF. BEST VEGETABLES and FLOWERS Id proci ■ the - Plants SEEDS FROM SCOTLAND. Our "AMATEUR'S GARDENING GUIDE," the mwt Inter- esting and instructive Catalogue of the season, is now ready, and will be sent gratis and po?t-free to all applicants. STUART & MEIN, KELSO, SCOTLAND, HENDERS' PRIZE PETUNIAS, the finest strain in existence. Grand Double Fringed, Is. Qd. and 3j. per packet ; Single Fringed, new, saved from fine fringed flowers, 25. per packet ; Single Striped, specialty for 40 years, Is. and 2s. per packet. BALSAMS, Henders' Double, the finest obtainable, 8 vars. 2s. 6tf. ; mixed, packets, Is. Henders' CATALOGUE of first quality Seed free on application. HENDER AND SONS, Nursery, Plymouth. Brocoll. Good Sorts not Common in the Trade. HARTLAND'S "APRIL QUEEN." — Is a sterling Novelty from South of Ireland. Certainly one of the finest in cultivation ; ready for use during the months of April and May. The heads are of immense size, and the leaves, which are most abundant and peculiar in colour, form such a thorough protection that the outer appearance, before being stript, is that of a " high quality " Cabbage. It has been grown locally to great perfection — some heads weighing over 1-1 lb., from the very close protection — white as snow. In sealed packets. Is. 6ti. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house. 24, Patrick Street, Cork. Wholesale, from HURST AND SONS. London. *„* Year Book of Seeds for 1890 now ready. FOREST TREES— Ash, 1 to 2 feet, 12.5. 6(7. per 1000; do., 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000; Beech, 1J foot, 14s. per 1000 ; 2 feet. 16s. ; 2J feet, 7s. Sd. ; 2J to 3 feet, 20s. ; 3 to 4 feet, 23s. per 1000 ; Horse Chestnuts, 1* to lifeet, 1S<. per 1000 ; Spanish Chestnuts, 1J to 2 feet, 17s. per 1000 ; 3 to 3J feet, 22s. per 1000; Larch. 15 to 24 inches, 16s. per 1000; 2 feet, 20s. per 1000; Spruce Fir, 1 to 1£ feet, 12s. per 1000 ; 1J to 2 feet' 13s. ; 2£ feet, 16s. per 1000; Hazels, 1 J to 2 feet, 20s. per 1000 ; P. "austriaca, 2-yr.,2-yr. transplanted, 14s. per 1000; Syca- more. 1 to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000; 7 to 8 feet. 10s. per 100 ; Wvch Elm, 4 to 5 feet, 4s. per 100. GARLIES .MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. LILIUM AURATUM. In finest possible condition, hard as bricks I Order early. FINE BULBS, measuring 8 inches round, 25 for 6s. 6d., 100 for 21s. ,, „ 9 to 9J inches round, 12 for 6s., 100 for 30s. ,, ,, 10 to 10J inches round, 12 for 7s. id., 100 to.' 50s. Better Bulbs Impossible. Special Trade Frijes. AMERICAN " PEARL " TUBEROSES, just arrived, 12s. M. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA "THE BRIDE," 6s. 6d. per 100. „ BRENCHLEYENSIS, scarlet, Ss.Gd. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, very dark form, immense Japanese bulbs, Is. each, 10s. dozen. ALBUM KR.ETZERI,purewhite,12s.doz. „ WASHINGTONIANUM (Californian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs. 22s. per dozen. HUMBOLDTII, gigantic bulbs, 22s. perdoz. „ PARDALINUM MICHAUXII, large clumps, 2*. 6d. and 3s. 6rf. each. Finest obtainable quality, at very low prices, W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, WEST GREEN ROAD, TOTTENHAM. Address for Telegrams:-" AURATUMS," London. Mention Gardeners' Chronicle. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. R. A. MUDIE" ANEMONE." First-class Certificate Edinburgh Centenary Show, 1889. WE have pleasure in offering this most distinct variety. It is a deep crimson, and of robust growth, nnd should prove to be a great acquisition to the class. Ordere are now being booked for plants in March, 3s. id. each; two for 6s. 6d., three for 9s. Descriptive NOVELTY LIST post-free. JOHN LAING & SONS, Chrysanthemum Groieers, fyc, FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E. SHALLOTS, DUTCH. Per Cwt., 20s. MICHAEL RAINS & CO., Cultivators and Exporters of Dutch Rulbs and Seed Merchants 31, MANSELL STREET, ALDGATE, CITY, LONDON, E.C. Telegraphic Address. "BIOTICUS, LONDON." Established, 1856. HP E A and other ROSES in Pots, 12s. , 18s., and 24s. per dozen, and upwards. r^RAPE VINES, in all the Leading kinds ^"* Planting Canes, 5s. and 7s. «d. each. Fruiting Canes, 10s. Qd. each. QTOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, in great variety. ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS, v of all kinds. CATALOGUES with prices and full parti- ^■^ culars post-free on application to The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL Co. (John Cowan), Limited. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. TOMATO "PRELUDE" At the great trial of Tomatos last year at Chiswiek, where they were grown perhaps better than ever before, this variety showed its superiority fiom beginning to end ; it produced by far the greatest crop of medium-sized lovely fruit, of delicious flavour, from the very ground up to 6 or 8 feet high, and with the least attention always sets well. It was over and over again pronounced bv the best judges in the world the freest and most profitable Tomato of all by a long way; it also proved unmistakably the best in our 100 feet trial house, and the same report reaches us from all parts of the world. A real gold mine to market growers. Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Is. 6d. per Packet. For /{lustrations sec our SEED CATALOGUE, of the Greatest value to all possessi?tg a Garden. PERFECT SEEDS DIRECT ONLY from H. CANNELL & SONS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to nearly all the Royal Families and "Heads" in the World. SWANLEY, KENT. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pron but genu' i the Best in the Market, as none t season's seeds are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeda. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packet3 ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., of Calcot Gardens, Reading, Berks, is the largest Grower of Prize Cob Filbert Trees for Sale in the Kingdom. No garden should be without one of these most prolific Trees. Price LISTS, &c, on application. BULBS, JARMAN'S ROSES, FRTJIT TREES, Ac. Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application. JARMAN & CO., CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. FRUIT I» rMMENSE STOCK of L remarkably well-grown Trees, Inspection invited. HpD T? U Q New descriptive CATALOGUE: [ XvI-jI-jO- on application. DlCKSONSNURSEMES CHESTER, Jancabt 35. 1890/ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 101 HENRY CANNELL & SON'S NEW VEGETABLES. \\TE WISH TO DRAW THE PARTICULAR ATTENTION OK THE WHOLE » » Horticultural "World to this splendid kind. Mr. Lyk, who is well known as one of our greatest raisers, connoisseurs, and prize takers, determined to produce a POTATO combining all the merits necessary in one variety, to render it perfect or nearly so, and after many years exertions. numerous seedlings, and immense labour, he, in his opinion, has at last attained his object, and hence named it " VI( T< >RY." As further and greater proof, it was exhibited uncooked and cooked at the great Vegetable I Songress, at Chiswick, and was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate by the most select Judges in the World; this heing so, it may safely be said that it is the most invaluable POTATO ever offered to the Public— not only is it handsome, but its edible qualities and productiveness, and disease resisting powers are surprising ; it will be sought after on all sides, as soon as its value lecome3 known. Is. per lb., 12s per peck. For other New Vegetables, send for .Mir CATALOGUE. SWANLEY, KENT. COLD MEDAL I he Quite the most original catalogue Terms aii-1 Prices certain!) the best. Post-bee to every applicant. E^ery Gardener should Bee this List, number of ex dingly g 1 things can only be had from bb. \\ ■ t 1 r% urgent!} indeed press gardeners to writo for tins List. The New Japanese Primulas. the i : in ilii- groi : i,Iy known us Primula sinens . i ery Imn icultural paper, ILoi ii Press. "I i . r , - . - Medal* in H era ii >ui ii rerj •: I eh uracter. mi talked of Ibis Hiring, tin -t startlingly Destined to nsia. Most highly and by the limes r.s- weeks. These i will be ho much of choire flowers Should gee OU full ""I "i them in Catalogue. Gold Medal for Tuberous Begonlas.-The cheapest in ii,. irade. E»ery lo»ei of g..o.l Begonias sliould see our List. We have been delightfully successful, and our strain i- grand bsyoi d all description. Seeds that Give Eatlsfactlon.-Our great strength oas eedftrm, snd the cause of the extraordinary growth - -s. is ill.- splendid qualityof our strains of flowers, and the front rank reputation we have for Bxhibl- i \ egetables. £50 In Prizes and Two Medals are offered by us to our i tisl. .tilers only, on so ingenious a plan that all ran compete on fait and equal (■■mis. wherever they may r.-'|.\ All who can grow things well should see our Catalogue. The best liroof of our con6denre that our terms ami prices are of the beef is thai we send our Grand. Illustrated, I riptive, Lull Cultural note CATALOGUE, Post-free to •Pi'" RYDER & SON, SEED MERCHANTS, SALE, MANCHESTER. Important to Everyone Interested in Gardening. THE ILLUSTRATED GUIDE FOR AMATEUR CARDENERS, SPRING, 1890. ingly printed Coloured Wrnppi uperl. work, endo 1 in , charmingly printed ('"loured Wrapper, contains 1:12 page* penal size, of beautifully printed letterpress, and upwards of 170 tine Wood Engravings, 2 splendidly finished Coloured Plates, original articles on the Rearing of Flowers from Seed and Culture of Garden Crops, a fine and Select List of Choice Kitchen Garden and Flower Seeds. Seed 1'otatos. Florist Flowers, Lilies. Gladioli, Roses, Sic., and all the Important Novelties of the Season. Tbis will be found incomparably the best and most comprehensive Garden Catalogue yet sent out. Price Is., Post-free. To be deducted from Order when sending, DANIELS BROS., ROYAL NORFOLK SEED ESTABLISH iVPT, NORWICH, PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion : Prices extremelv moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON AND SONS. Chilwell Nurseries. Notts. EGOXIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. id., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate. 5s. id. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers. Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlings. 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest. 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAISii axd SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NT/T FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 3 tons), 40s. : 4-bushel bags, 4d. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. id. per sack ; 6 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 5 sacks, 22l. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. (W. per bushel; 15». per half ton ; 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel bacs, id. each. TELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS. 8s. id. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS. VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17i. Coal Yard). W.C. THE Normal Fertiliser For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. Priee _ 7 lb- U "'• 28 lb- 6' lb' 1 CWt. 2s. 3s. 6rf. 5s. id. 9s. lis. And in id. and Is. packets. To be hid of Seedsmen and Klurists. or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd.. 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C.and Karnham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesale of Messrs. HlIRSTAN»SON,152.Houndsditch,London !!! PEAT MI SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants. Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM. Coarse and Fine silver sand, SPHAGNUM, COCOA ■••HIKE REUSE. CHARCOAL. Ice. A First-class Stock of FOREST. FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS. RHODO- DENDRONS, .lie. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPP3& CO., The Old-established Peat Depdt.Ringwood, Hants. bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. WvtHF.8, Syon House, writes: — " Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests." For particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-H timber. HULL. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Scciety. Truck-load of 2 tons. £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C. and S. E.. £1 5s. ; in Buns, 20, 15s. ; 40. £1 8s. Cash with order. J. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE.— Good Brown Fibrous Peat. Black Fibrous ditto. Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, Sec, or for general purposef. Also good yellow gravel for drives, concrete, gravel, screening' , yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. J. ASTRIDGt, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. RCHID PEAT, best quality ; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnhorouizh. Hants. EESON'S MANUR E.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Grower*' Reports. Sjld in Tina, Is., 2s. erf., &$, 6?w^Savvfs^e*.-3 High gate N pUTBUSirs MILL- \J TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require- descrip- tion. Price &>". per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6^. per cake; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- , ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH and SON, and Seed Merchants, N. PURCHASERS OF TREES should send for our special offer. DICKSONS, Nurseries, CHESTER. CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY. Very strong plants, can be topped for Cuttings, 3s. 6d. each, 36s. per dozen; smaller, but strong plants, 2j. 6rf. each, 28s. per do/.en. A. J. A. BRUCE, Tie NureeileB, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. cor Table and Exhibition. Have received niore Certificates than those of any other raiser. LAXTON'S " EARLIEST OF ALL."— Proved in the New York State trials to be the earliest Pea of sixty-eight varieties. Is. 6d. per packet. LAXTON'S "EARLY WILLIAM."— The most useful early Pea. Is. id. per packet. LAXTON'S " CHARMER."— The best main crop Pea. Is. 6d. per packet. " EVOLUTION," " DUCHESS," and "AU- TOCRAT."—The three best exhibition Peas. Each as. LAXTON'S "CZAR."— By far the largest anil finest Runner liean in the world. 2s. id. per packet. LAXTON'S "GIRTFORD GIANT."— The largest and best Scarlet Runner. Is. id. per packet. LAXTON'S " MASTERPIECE."— Very fine, new, Green Longpod. Is. 6(2. per packet. SANDY PRIZE."— The finest useful White Spanish Onion. Proved at gainst eixty other varieties. Is. id. per packet. " CONCORD."— New, large, In- 2s. id. per packet. exhibition varieties. LAXTON'S "OPEN-AIR" TOMATO.— The earliest and best outdoor Tomato. Proved earliest at Chiswick against eighty-one varieties. Is. id. perpkt. LAXTON'S "OPEN-AIR" CUCUMBER. The longest and best for outdoors. Is. 6d. per packet. MILES' "PERFECTION" CARROT.— Mr. Miles' Prize Strain— the finest for show and table, Is. per packet. LAXTON'S "VICTORIOUS" POTATO.— Very handsome and prolific. Certificated for quality at the Vegetable Conference. 41b., 5s; 7 lb., 8s. NEW JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE.— White skinned, and a great advance in shape and quality. 4 lb., 2s. M. ; 7 lb., 4s. And many other Beat Novelties and Rarities in Vegetables. LAXTON'S LAXTON'S ' termediate Onioi Twofi FLORAL NOVELTIES. LAXTON'S NEW SWEET PEAS.— The most distinct and brightest of all. INVINCIBLE BLUE, Is. per packet; INVINCIBLE CARMINE, id. per packet. The finest mixed obtainable, Is. per J oz. And many other good Floral Novelties and Specialties. All Post Free for Cash with Order. Descriptive Lists from THOMAS LAXTOH, «« '«-«• BEDFORD. "UNIVERSAL" CO 'S LLECTIONS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. VEGETABLES.— 2s. id., 5s., 10s. id., Ins., 21s., 31s. id., 42s., and t53s. FLOWERS— Is., 2s. id., 5s., 10s. id., 15s., 21s., 31s. id., & 42s. All post-free or carriage paid. We offer £5 5s, PRIZES FOR SIX ONIONS. Full ] artict'lars in our Large Seed Manual gratis and post-free JARMAN & CO.,SOMECR^HIRE A BIG SALE, COMPULSORY UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, From St. John's College, Cambridge, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY, Muat still go on as many acres remain to be cleared. Ordinary Prices are superseded, and all engaged in Planting Operations should come and see, or write for particulars. Hardy Evergreens, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, &c. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. TurchaB' st book fcoSunniDgdaleStatiop, S/W.-Rail. THE BEST SCARLET-FLESH MELON. ARTERS' ^BLENHEIM 3 ORANGE CONTINUES TO BE INVINCIBLE AND WINS FIRST PRIZES IN ALL IMPORTANT CONTESTS Price in Sealed Packets, Is. 6d. , 2s. 6d. & 3s. 6d., post-free. 237 238 RTERS' LBoi, LONDON. Ko//al Seedsmen by Healed W. Strong prepared Runners, Carriage Free. LAXTON'S NOBLE, the grand new Early 1 6 A. F. BARRONfT . , „ ,,.,.(3 0 COMMANDER ^<>n s New VaneUes > ;j Q WATERLOO, splendid dark crimson ... 1 6 Fer doz. Per 100. s. d. s. d. Per 100- s. d. Per 100- BIUTISH QUEEN ... 3 6 AUGUSTE NICAISE DR. HOSG 5 0 JAMES VEITCH ... KING of theEARLIES 5 0 I PRESIDENT SIR CHAS. NAPIER 3 6 ' SIR .TOS. PAXTON ... And manv others. 100 plants in 10 Choice Varieties ... 5s. id. 1000 .. 10 „ „ ... 35s. ad. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. liAIiUIl.Y-i.iieOIVi'V IPorest, Fruit, I TREES* & "PLANTS, I EVERGREENS, ROSES, ftc. | NURSERIES 4QO ACRES, i | VERY EXTENSIVE STOCK. Inspection Invited- j = Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. I ^Jrk\J I\.oOP4 £> NURSERIES; (limited) Chester.; KELWAY'S SPECIALTIES. CATALOG TIES now ready, Gratis and Post-free, Containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our SPECIALTIES FOR 1890, And Everything needful for the Garden. LANG PORT, SOMERSET. Januaby 25, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 103 W NEW :BE 'PEARL" I mm WHITE CELERY. ! aicaster. — *' The ' crisp, of very good flavour, and easily eiiltivateij ; it 1m ! .ill who have I it. I -hall grow it in preference to any other kind." Is. 6d. per Packet, Post Free. WEBBS' SPRING CATALOGUE 1 1,1.1 9TRA.TBD. Post Free, la. Gratis to Customers. 'EBB&SONS^QRDSLE^STOURBRIDGE1 EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS A SPECIALTY. Purple, Scarlet, '■'. i i d u bite Wallflower ;. v colour It., 2 .Mr Q] I -in, it1 i ny where. I ! ■ ■ \\\ had ■ | flowers." Mr. i: vi i i i ■■ . The Gardei . I ■■ t HooPaj rll I ■ East Lot biai lent. Q be white, ■ \y fine. Many -;■ ovtT 18 incl :. hioom." Mr. E>J i m ,ir I have the fine whose* them Che whites are over 90 per cent, doul could not be better," AUothei Lme first-class quality only, fthOV the following ■ ■ PANSTI PEN l 31 I-M ANTIRRHIt MIMULUS, Al KK'I LA all ed fn ay own world - I . 2a. 6rf.. and 5s. per packet. • ■■■/. per packet. ' ■ per p icl el . id 2s. 6d. pel ; erpa ket. ■ , PRIMULAS, each i CINER \i:i \ i od2 lid per packet. COCK h isti ■' Qd perpkl i . i Mr. ANJ G irdi os. Abbotruh . win be pi '.-.•■11 that i le failure." CATAI.' "-I i .i JOHN FORBES, NURSERYMAN, HAWICK, SCOTLAND NOVELTIES OFFERED BY HERM.A.HESSE, NURSERYMAN, WEENER (HANOVER), GERMANY. £§p" The Novelties enumerate I below are raised from Seed in my Nurseries, and are now offered to the Trade for the first time. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIANA AUREO SPICA (Hesse). ! utiful plant, -which was found in my mmeries anions llings of the Virginian e, : ir, "1 he terminal -hoots of this i] plant art- in spring of a brilliant golden-bronze, whereaathi older leaves are of a beautiful green. The colour eightened bj full exposure to the sun. We -Mum And this brilliant golden tint many plant. 1 to 8 inches high, 6s. each. S tola inches high. 10s. i ACER PLATANOIDE3 FOLIIS ELE- GANTER VARIEGATIS (Hesse). A remarkably fine, very interesting, most si riking, and very ■ .:'■■ Maple, raised from seed in my nurseries s-_-ver.il years ago, and much admired by visitors. On first appearing, the leaves are nearly white. Afterwards most of the leaves are ma i ;ular white pattern. n.-n' and there w< ves all white, or half white and half green, but all are perfectly developed, and a very ■ - quality is, that they never Buffer rrom the heat nf the -mi. as is often the case with trees having variegated Lutifu] markings unaltered 1 Enable for producing • trdens. Half-standards, 25s. each. THUIA OCCIDENTALIS WARREANA LUTESCENS (Hesee). A very line ear i compact growth, grown here and introduced into commerce Dg light )ellow ami ot a darker yellow tint. It has apei or qualities of Thuia '■'■ ful habit . , Boon, writee on this subject : ,ii. wirkung- rm." (It i> an e : - roduced into ni , itia not yet much (or it. ' . for 10. I. for 10, i , it. each. 3/eet high, 12s. tach. Rare and I Plants. ABIES AMABILIS (Forbes). I i'mI very hardy silver Fir, introduced by Douglas In 1831 i r . - - 1 1 i ire too te strange to n v. was not ■ itirel> unknown, Only ■■■■■■■ l from its n tive I only once again, fn find if genuine. \\ ha1 h e oml ranee is mostly In its young -tad' 11 h been mistaken for that ii \ . Dobilis, si raighl . n • i be middle, and with two broad glaucous line I very striking and plea-sin a pi of itsfeal bered decumbent branches, ■ ■■ iliage. ! - for 10. i i .i 30*. for l". Lti ■ _ l PICEA OMORICA (Pancic). Mr. Pancic found this remarkable and fast-growing spruce in Bervi i, El has very Long and also Bhorl pointed and prickly leaves, white underneath. When these trees grow older, the leaves turn, as is the c Be with all the Fir trees of th*s group, HO as to show at the same time their white and green sides. This is a very interesting and effective -peeies. and de-erven to be much propagated. (See illustral ion in G Chronicle, Mar. 8, 1884, p. I I Plant n turn i 6 tlOini i i ?A, ■'■ . t I ■-. each ; 24 to 82 inch, high, LO to I i i. each. PSEUDO-LARIX K^EMPFERI. WHOLESALE CATALOGUES can be bad on application, As a Supplement TO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FOR Next Week, February 1, WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph OF THE TERRACE GARDEN, RICHMOND. SATURDAY, JANUARYS, L890. THE FLOWEE TRADE IN SI ILLY. rpHERE arc few more interesting phases in -*- the market gardening of to-day than the rapid growth of the trade in flowers, What were regarded half a century or so ago as per- fectly superfluous luxuries, are now looked upon as essentials without which life itself would bo hardly bearable. Other luxuries, and, perhaps, also certain necessaries, have suffered in con- aequen e of the present rage for flowers, for the rise of one industry is invariably made at the expense of another, and its consummation frequently marks the decadence of several more. The inception and growth of the flower-trade in the S illy Isles, however, was the effect rather than the cause of a great and sudden decline in Potato-growing ; and as the public mind grows upon what Ii feeds, so the Scilly trade has fostered and encouraged a wide-spread emula- tion for flowers as decorative agents. There are many still living at Scilly — not very old nun either — who remember the time when farming began to prove unremunerative, and resulted in a state of chronic semi-starvation. Luckily, market gardening stepped in, and for many years proved exceedingly lucrative. But long before the cultivation of vegetables for the markets began to decline — before, indeed, any such catastrophe was dreamed of ; in fact, late in the sixties, Mr. Augustus Smith, the late landed proprietor, advocated the growing of flowers for market purposes. lie set the ball rolling by sending off to market a few baskets of Soleil d'( Ir Narcissus, which were growing in a semi-wild stale in the hedges. The result appears to have been satisfactory ; and after a time Mr. Richard M uin lord, of Holy Vale, and Mr. Trevillick, of Rocky Hill, were induced to follow his example. For some years, however, the industry made very l'it|. le-adway, and, as a matter of fact, its rise 104 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Januaby 25, 1890. and its prosperous ramifications may be confined to the span of years between 1879 and 1889. _ It was in or about the former date that importation of bulbs was effected to any considerable extent ; before this, the growers had relied chiefly upon their home supply of roots, and this brings me to a most interesting point. From time immemorial half-a-dozen distinct varieties of Narcissus have been established in various parts of the islands. These include Soleild'Or, Grand Monarque, gloriosus, Pheasant's Eye, biflorus, the common yellow Daffodil, and the variety named, I believe by Mr. Barr, Scilly- White, which is peculiar to Scilly. Whether any or all of these varieties are indigenous is another question into which I am scarcely qualified to enter. No one seems to have any definite idea as to whence these varieties came, supposing them to be aliens. But it has been suggested that, at least, one sort — the Soleil d'Or— was introduced by soldiers' wives, when, in times gone by, it was necessary to fortify the " English Hesperides." This variety, with Grand Monarque and biflorus, appear to have been found round about the garrison, and not, like some of the others, in more remote quarters of the island. The other varieties grew with the greatest abundance in certain orchards, the Scilly Whites flourishing with extraordinary vigour at Newford; whilst the oommon Daffodil appears to have made itself quite at home everywhere, especially in marshy spots. It is related with much gusto — by those who were not over-reached — how one or two shrewd individuals generously offered to cart away the Narcissus rubbish, which was beginning to be a serious nuisance ; the unsuspecting portion of the Scillonian public— or, in other words, nearly everybody who had any quantity of roots — fell into this ingenious little trap. By-and-by it came out that the philanthropic weed-extermi- nators did not require the offensive bulbs merely to make " the front garden look gay," and that their motives were very much more than sentimental. And great was the lamenta- tion among those who had obliged their neigh- bours, and deprived themselves of a veritable gold mine ! Of oourse, if the scheme had proved a complete failure, the laugh would have been quite on the other side, but it was not. I remember very well, some eight or nine years ago, when the first importation of any considerable bulk was obtained and sent over by Mr. J. G. Mitchinson, then of Penzance, but now of Christ Church, New Zealand. It was then thought that the Scillonians were doing a rash thing, but so long as they were willing to pay for making experiments, no one could raise objections. Still, only three or four growers ventured upon this new departure. The more conservative argued that thay would stick to Potatos, which could be eaten by themselves and by their cattle if there was no market for them ; whereas, neither the flowers nor the roots of Narcissi could be utilised as substitutes for Potatos. As time went on, and as foreign competition played havoc with the Soilly Potato growers, the new order of things opened up a prospect of better times and handsomer profits. Now, every- body grows Narcissi ; even children grow them — not for pleasure, but for profit — and discuss the respective merits of Grand Monarque and biflorus with a glibness, and pronounoe the unfamiliar names with a fluency strong enough almost to make Gerarde and Parkinson turn in their graves. Men and women who can scarcely read, or who, like Tony Lumpkin, may knn"w arj M, a T, and an S — " but whether the next be an Izard, or an R, confound me, I cannot tell " — but not much more, pronounce the names with great accuracy. It would, perhaps, be hyperbole to state that St. Mary's is covered with Narcissi ; but it is no exaggeration to say, that you cannot go half-a-dozen yards in the island without seeing some. They are to be seen on every side — from the acres of the wealthy cultivator to the three or four pots on the window-sills of the humblest cottage. The sight from November to May would be absolutely beyond description, were it not for the fact that the spikes are cut off before they are actually in bloom. As it is, the flower " that comes before the swallow dares ' is more or less en evidence, and in blossom for six months out of twelve. So long as the demand for Narcissi lasts — and there is no indication of an abatement — an acre or two of land planted out with this bulb must prove exceedingly lucrative ; but the initial cost is something appalling. One acre will easily swallow up nearly half a million roots, and these are sold at 40s. per 1000. This great expense has deterred, and still deters, many people on the " off " islands from entering largely into the fray. But when once established, the subsequent costs are merely nominal, and chiefly consist in keeping down weeds. Almost the only manure given consists of road-scrapings ; but the best nourishment of all is the natural one afforded by their decaying leaves. Mr. J. C. Tonkin informs me that no strong manure should on any account be given at the time of planting. The roots are placed at from 2 to 4 inches deep in the soil, according to taste, and each has a space of about 6 square inches allotted it. The rows are separated into beds, which, during winter, are earthed-up with earth from the paths, and this top-dressing is drawn down again in early spring. The different varieties— even the forms which spring from one common type — are by no means amenable to an identical course of cultivation. Some do best with any amount of exposure, whilst others require the shade and protection of orchards or shrubberies. The origin and habitat of each new variety cannot be too closely studied and followed in the case of new varieties, and disaster besides disappointment will be the lot of those who neglect these points. If the first cost of a plantation of Narcissi is expensive, it has its counter-advantage in the fact that the bulbs inorease with great rapidity. At Scilly, the bulb-grounds are dug up every three years, by whioh period each root has pro- duced three or four flowering replicis, so to speak. These are separated, dried, and planted singly, as were the parent bulbs, early in the autumn ; so that, in three years, the grower's stock will have increased at least threefold, with- out any material outlay. So far as the impor- tation of Narcissi from Holland is concerned, it may be regarded as doomed. Many of those who supplied the Scillonians with roots now obtain their supply thence, the bulbs being quite equal to the foreign in quality and size, and considerably cheaper in price. As yet the export trade at Scilly is in its embryo, but the possibilities in this direction are vast. There are nearly one hundred acres devoted to the culture of Nar- cissi, and the capital therein invested is com- puted at something like £250,000. The Lord Proprietor, Mr. Dorrien-Smith, has also entered into this phase of market-gardening with enthu- siasm, and he has at Tresco over 15 acres devoted to Narcissi ; indeed, with him the sub- ject is one of great importance, for just as he has a farm bailiff and a head gardener, so he has a head Narcissus grower, J am informed that Mr. Dorrien-Smith has every known variety either on trial or in cultivation ; but how far this statement is correct I am unable to say ; the boisterous weather of mid-December quite pre- venting me crossing from St. Mary's to Tresco. One of the most remarkable facts in connec- tion with the Narcissus industry, is the manner in which the combined elements of wind and rain are defied. In spite of admirable fences of Euonymus and Escallonia macrantha, the wind will penetrate everywhere, and it has, in times gone by, played sad havoc with the flowers, destroying thousands of spikes in one night. To obviate this, therefore, a most in- genious scheme has been hit on : so soon as the buds commence to burst, and just show the colour of the perianth, the spikes are carefully cut off and taken indoors, where they are slightly forced by being placed in shallow pans or other utensils of warm water. The perfection of the flower is by this process not only secured, but the opening thereof is hastened by many hours, nay, even by a day or two. Ihe " keeping" qualities do not appear to be in the least interfered with, whilst the advantages are obviously great. The correspondents have almost given up reporting the quantities of flowers exported, and certainly to those who only know Scilly under the old re'gime may be pardoned for being astonished at the figures which are published now and then in the local papers. In 1885, about 5000 packages were sent to the principal English and Scotch markets, but since then the quantity has probably nearly trebled. The largest consignment despatched by one man numbered over 500,000 spikes of Narcissi ; but perhaps a still more concrete idea of the im- mensity of the trade in flowers at Scilly may be obtained, when it is stated that during the season 10 and even sometimes 15 tons of cut blooms are sent to market via Penzance at a time. This, of course, includes various other flowers besides Narcissus. The newer or choicer and more expensive sorts of Narcissi are being gradually included among the collection at Scilly. Those which have so far proved best are Ajax, Barrii con- spicuus, Burbidgei, Emperor, Empress, Cynosure, Horsfieldi, maximus, Orange Phoenix, Princess Mary, Leedsii amabilis, Rugilobus, Sir AVatkin. Some of these may be had for a few pence each, whilst perhaps the fancy price is reached with Barrii conspicuus, which is a mere trifle of a guinea per bulb. The Scillonians have learned from experience that there are two ways of sending flowers to market — the right and the wrong. Baskets and boxes with their contents all sixes and sevens, and the flowers in complicated tangles, will not pay the cost of transit. Order and neatness are half the battle. The spikes are tied in dozens, and packed very tightly in boxes. The work of preparing Narcissi for the market is exceedingly simple, and offers a distinct contrast to that involved by Wallflowers, which have to be trimmed of their lower leaves and deprived of superfluous stems. In the height of the season every grower's house is literally choked with flowers, and the odours of Daffodils and Wallflowers not coalescing well, produce a combination of smell which, unlike the taste of a certain Cocoa, is neither grateful nor comforting. The "returns" show a sliding scale of considerable extremes, a bunch some- times fetching three pence, and at others three shillings. So far as we are here concerned, the Nar- cissus forms the most important branch of the Scilly flower trade, but there are one or twq other aspects which we cannot overlook, although January 25, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. lo.s our glance at them must be brief. In point of importance and quantity grown, Wallflowers take precedence. Here the initial cost is trivial, and the after-expense very small indeed. " Walls," as they are briefly called by the Scil- lonians, grow almost anywhere, and have hitherto yielded very good returns. They have the additional advantages of travelling well, and " keeping " good for many days. The most recent " sensation " in the way of innovation at Scilly is the popularity of Anemone fulgens, which, with its very brilliant scarlet- crimson flowers, is a beautiful midwinter plant. I saw some scores in bloom a few days before Christmas in various gardens in St. Mary's, where it flowers profusely. Mr. J. C. Tonkin tells me that the home-grown or English roots are not satisfactory, and the Scillonians have had to fall back upon those collected in Italy and neighbouring countries. The size of the although the Scillonians should neglect no item in improving their cultural methods, and spare no expense in adopting the best ideas and the best sorts of flowers. The prosperity of the islands now rests almost entirely on the floral industry, which is fraught with uncertainty, and peculiarly amenable to competition. W. Roberts. New or Noteworthy Plants. CTPRIPEDIUM HERAx, n. hyb. This is a new and very pretty hybrid, raised in the collection of R. H. Measures. Esq., of The Wood- lands, Streatham, between Cyprijedium Spiceria- num and C. villosum, the former being the seed- parent. A flower has just been sent to Kew, from which the following description has been drawn up. The characters of both species are well represented in the hybrid, those of C/Spice'ianum somewhat Fit!. 10. — TUBKKY OA root is not altogether a criterion, for a tiny one half an inch long throws up eight or nine line flowers all through the winter. An attempt has been made to cultivate Freesia refracta alba, which, with its exquisite perf ume,and large trusses of pure white flowers, should prove a most valuable addition to the long list of winter flowers. I'.ut from some unaccountable reason it has never "taken." If only some grande dome would "patronise" this beautiful plant! .Mr. Tonkin sowed half an ounce of seeds at the latter part of March, in one year, and he had a constant supply of flowers from the following September until January. A recent writer in the Comishman has pointed out that up to the present time Spain, Italy, Algeria, and other warm countries, have competed with Scilly in the wholesale culture of flowers for market ; but the superiority of the home transit to the foreign is greatly in favour of Scilly ; and shining, though less varnished in appearance than many other hybrids partly derived from C. villosum. Oncidium splendidum, A. Sioh. Oncidium splendidum has been pronounced as without doubt the finest Oncidium hitherto dis- covered, and whether this is so or not, there can be little doubt that it comes very near attainiug this proud position. At the present time it is flowering in various collections, and when well grown its large panicles of golden flowers with red-brown markings on the sepals and petals are very effective. It was formerly considered to be a variety of the violet- scented 0. tigrinum, and certainly there is a strong resemblance if individual flowers are compared. But what has struck me especially in comparing the two — with an eye, no doubt, to those botanical cha- racters which may serve for the natural subdivision of this large and difficult genus — is the total dis- similarity of habit between them, so great, indeed, that they might well be placed i:i different groups. O. splendidum has the single large and very fleshy erect leaf, from the apex of a comparatively small pseudobulb, of the groups which contains 0. Caven- dishianum, 0. Lanceanum, O. bicallosum, and several others, to which Lindley gave the name of Sarcop- tera, in allusion to the fleshy wings of the column, and to confirm this position of (). splendidum, be it noted that the light rose-coloured wings are just ns fleshy as in other members of the group. O. tigrinum is placed in the group Plurituberculata, and has a pair of thin arching leaves at the apex of the pseudo- bulb, as in others of the same group. However close may be the affinity between the two species, there is this important difference between them, and no one would ever confuse them together when out of flower. A'. A. Bolfe. preponderating in the dorsal sepal, and those of the other parent in the rest of the flower, though on the whole it is as thoroughly intermediate as hybrids generally are. The peduncle and ovary are shortly villose, the bract more than half equalling the latter, light green, and blotched with purple on the lower half. Dorsal sepal broadly orbicular, the margins strongly reflexed, colour white, with light green base and broad dark purple median band, and some light purplish marblings on either side of the same, and about half way to the margin. Lower sepal ovate, and lightest green. Petals cuneate-oblong, the upper margin undulate, the lower half pale green, the upper one light purple-brown, passing into lines of dots below, median band narrow, dark purple- brown. Lip smaller than in C. villosum, but other- wise much resembling it, light purple-brown in front, paler behind, internally marbled, and spotted with bright purple-brown. Staminode obovate-orbicular, the margin slightly raised, surface strongly papillose, colour light purple-brown, with a central dark green, slightly raised boss. The whole flower is bright TUEKEY OAK STRUCK BY LIGHTNING. (N the Ilolwood property, one of Karl Derby's Kentish seats, no fewer than seven trees — four English and two Turkish Oaks, and an Austrian Pine — were struck by lightning during last summer, and that, too, in the short space of seven weeks. The Turkey Oak (I find from a record I have kept) has been peculiarly free from damage by the electric fluid, but that it occasionally does suffer, and suffer most severely too, a glance at the annexed illustration clearly demonstrates. This Turkey Oak was one of the largest trees of its kind at Ilolwood, and, as will be seen from the following figures, had a noble stem and fine spread of branches. It had a south-eastern exposure, was standing ?■"> feet from any other tree, the nearest being a large Elm, and was neither the largest nor smallest in that part of the park. It stood 7C> feet in height, and had a clean, well rounded stem, which girthed 11 feet T> inches at a yard from the ground. At about 10 feet from the ground the stem branched out into three large limbs, the girth of each at a yard from point of junction with the main stem being 7 feet, 4 feet 9 inches, and I feet 5 inches respectively. The lightning would seem to have struck the tree at (52 feet from the ground, and in descending shattered the main stem and branches in a most remarkable manner. The butt, to the length of 8 feet, was literally split into shingles, several planks of that length, and of a uniform thickness in inches, being preserved as a memento of the tree, without any preparation whatever, but just as left by the lightning. In passing downwards, the lightning seared the wood, leaving it in most places quite black, as if a hot iron had come in contact with it, and tore up the ground round the base of the tree for a depth of 21 inches. After being struck, the appearance of the cUbris was curiously regular, the branches lying in a most regular manner aroand the stem, and forming almost a perfect circle of 99 yards in circumference. As showing the force of the lightning, it may be 106 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. stated that pieces of the bark up to eight ounces in weight were carried for 101 yards from the tree, and a block of timber weighing 2 cwt. 23 lb. was pitched bodily from the main stem to a distance of 42 feet (this block being 8 feet 3 inches long, and girthed at the smallest part 2 feet 11 inches). When cut up, the tree contained twenty-six loads of wood, and the branches were bound into 146 faggots. Two hours after being struck (on August 24, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon), a sulphurous smell was distinctly recognisable for several yards away. Another Turkey Oak was divested of half its bark for about 60 feet up, but did not suffer otherwise. Amongst the English Oaks struck by the electric fluid, were two peculiar cases, the first in which the tree was struck at a stated height up, ami in descending ran along the private telegraph wire to Holwood House. In another instance, the tree was struck at about 50 feet from the ground, and a clean triangular piece of wood, bark and all, removed in a perfectly straight line downwards therefrom. The piece removed was about 2 inches to side of the triangle. The knotty branches of the Austrian Pine seemed too hard and cross-grained for the fluid, which evaded them in at least three places in a distance of 32 feet. A. D. Webster. BOUGAINVILLEAS. In bygone years the flowering of a plant of Bougain- villeaspeciosa was an uncommon occurrence, and the gardener who was successful was brought into pro- minence, as was the case with Mr. Daniels, gr. to B. K. Keene, Esq., of Swynesconibe, Oxon. Mr. Daniel's secret, like almost everything pertaining to gardening practises, was soon made known, and was found to consist in giving the roots a strong dry bottom-heat, which seems essential to ensure the fullest success, as wherever specimens arj so favoured, they are generally very floriferous. The best example I have ever seen is now to be found planted at Orwell Park, near Ipswich, where it stands at the back of a hipped roofed plant-house, and near to the boiler. The plant has but limited root-space, the borderin which it is growing being only '.I inches wide, and raised above the path to a height of 2 feet ; but there is no doubt some roots have got through the partition. The stem which is now very large, and the branches and shoots cover about 150 square feet of the roof, and the amount of bloom yielded is truly surprising, nearly every twig being festooned with beautiful bracts. These are of high colour, the effect of full exposure to the light. When the plant is in bloom, the air of the house is kept dry, and moderately cool, so that the bloom lasts in perfection a long time. The growth made yearly is of medium strength and length, and is so thoroughly matured by keeping the roots dry, after the young shoots are formed, that every leaf falls. The dryness and warmth of the border seem the two essentials of flowering this plant, and those who possess such conditions can secure fine blooms in midwinter. In very sunny houses I have seen good plants of this Bougainvillea growing in pots or slate boxes, the latter being perhaps the better, and those who cannot get the roots near a boiler may by using a slate box stand it on the pipes and so give it the requisite heat. The warm and dry treatment is begun when growth ceases, and is continued for two or three months without hurt to the plants. B. glabra is a spring and summer blooming kind, and requires less heat than B. speciosa, the one just noticed ; indeed, the first named of these will live in an ordinary greenhouse, or may be kept in a cellar or shed with Fuchsias, if kept dry at the root. For years I had plants so treated, which, when pruned back and started, flowered freely, and did duty in the conser- vatory before the roof climbers made the shade they now do. When subjected to cold treatment, B. glabra becomes deciduous, as then it sheds its leaves ; but in a warm-house, unless the roots are quite under control and be kept dry, it retains them, and remains green through the year. Unlike B. speciosa, which flowers on the wood of the previous year, B. glabra blooms on the young shoots, and therefore the way to manage the plants of this variety is to spur them in, which should be done just before they start, and if planted out and growing as a roof climber, it is necessary also to be frequently thinning as well, after the shoots move, or they soon become a dense mass; but this rampant growth may be checked by cramping the roots. To propagate either of these plants, take cuttings of young shoots of 3 inches long with a heel, and insert them in sharp sandy soil — cover with a bell-glass, and place in strong heat. The only insect which affects Bougainvilleas is greenfly, which are troublesome when the shoots are young and tender. The best remedy is gentle fumigation with Tobacco, repeated night and morn- ing for several days in succession, as there is much danger in giving strong doses, which will bring down the inflorescence wholesale. J. S. Foreign Correspondence. NOVA SCOTIA. The Red-berried Elder. — The interesting notices you have already printed respecting the red- fruited Elder induce me to send you still another suggestion as to the cause of the want of Buccess with it in certain localities. This shrub is very abundant as a na'tive plant in some parts of Nova Scotia, and presents a striking appear- ance when laden with its weighty clusters of scarlet berries. In the summer season I am fre- quently asked what those berries are that grow so abundantly on the rocky railway banks near Halifax, that ripen so early, and are so beautiful. The Poison Elder, as it is commonly called here, makes the greatest show on rough, rocky, or stony places near the shore, where there is good natural drainage, and some accumulation of vegetable soil around the roots, with a moist atmosphere overhead. These appear to be its favourable conditions, suggestive to the planter of a lake or river bank, or terrace over- looking a harbour as suitable sites. I cannot con- ceive anything likely to be more effective than masses of this shrub planted along the margin of a lake or pond (as the Rhododendrons are at Trent- ham), so as to be mirrored in the sheet of water. This shrub is not likely to suffer from atmospheric dryness anywhere in England, but it may do so from poverty or wetness of soil, or want of autumn sunshine to ripen its wood, if planted in a shady place. I recol- lect a number of years ago, while walking through the village of Eisnach (Thuringia) with a friend, Mr. J. A. Haage, of Erfurt, we picked up a spray of it with an immense bunch of scarlet berries that had apparently been thrown over an adjoining garden wall. I have since seen it flourishing on the Pacific slopes of Colorado, in canons of the Elk mountains, as on the Atlantic coasts of Eastern America ; Mr. Meehan testifies in your columns to its splendour in Alaska; it caught the eye of Michaux on his visit to the city of Quebec, July 19, 1792 (see his Journal, edited by Sargent) ; Botany of Bccchey locates it at Avatschka Bay, in Kamtschatka, lat. 53" N. ; and the Russian Floras testify to its wide distribution throughout other parts of northern Asia and Europe. It is one of the hardiest and most easily grown, and most easily propagated shrubs in existence. I was not prepared for the discovery made by Mr. Meehan (one of the most accurate observers we have on this continent) that there is enmity between the Elder and the sparrow. Our experience here has to come. A small colony of Passer domesticus was harboured a good many years ago at the General's quarters in Halifax, and soon took occupation of the swallow's nests at the Artillery barracks. But the military locations have been gradually deserted, and the sparrows have latterly formed their head- quarters in the centre of the city, occupying the eaves of the Province Building, and perching on the trees of the surrounding grounds. Last week a new contingent came to the port of Yarmouth on board a vessel from Boston, laden with Oats. But here no sparrow has, so far, gone out into the country where Elderberries grow. What is the correct botanical name of the red-berried Elder ? This shrub was named by I/innajus in Species Plantarnm, i.. p. 3S6, Sambucus racemosa, being founded on S. racemosa rubra, Bauhin, Pinax " (1671). " Habitat in Europa: australis montibus. This name was adopted by Willdenow, Aiton, and others, with knowledge only of the European plant. In 1803, Richard described the American plant as S. pubens, in Michaux's Flora Boreali-Amcricana, but two years later changed the name to pubescens in Persoon's Synopsis. In 1820, Roemer and Schultes accepted the name pubens, remarking, " valde ofinis racemosa." De Candolle also adopted it in the Prodromus (1830), adding, " Affinis S. racemosa. Fructus ctiam ruber." This specific name, pubens, was adopted generally by botanists for the American plant up to a recent date ; but, in 1833, Sir William Hooker, in the Flora Boreali- Americana, placed both the American and European plants under the one original name, racemosa, observing: — "I do not find that [the Rocky Mountain and Pacific specimens] or the Eastern [American] state of the plant can in any be distinguished from the European S. racemosa, which I also have from Siberia. The fruit is red." Lede- bour, in the Flora Eossica, 1844 — 46, followed Hooker in including S. pubens of Michaux, in racemosa. In 1880, Gray, in Brewer & Watson's Botany of Cali- fornia, i., p. 278, did likewise, stating that " the Cali- fornian and Rocky Mountain specimens areasglabrous as the European plant ; in British America and Alaska it is commonly pubescent, as in the Atlantic States variety pubens." Sereno Watson had relegated it as S. racemosa var. pubens, in King's Report, v., p. 133. Finally, Gray, in the Synoptical Flora of North America, vol. i., part ii., p. 8, reduced pubens to a simple synonym of S. racemosa. That there are distinguishable varieties and forms of the species is obvious, one of the best marked being probably S. racemosa var. arborescens, Meehan, a name which Mr. M., by slip of pen, refers to Torrey and Gray. George Lawson, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Red-berried Elder at Braemar. The mention of this plant on p. 099 of the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, interested me very much ; and as testifying to its hardiness, I would name the following places where it is found growing in the far north : in Sweden, at Piteo 6J° 19' N. ; in Nor- way, at Groto 67° 50' N. ; in Finland, on the west coast, in latitude 65°, and in several places in Nor- way, where the temperature falls as low as 40 — 45 Celsius below the freezing point, and at all these places growing freely and ripening fruit. In some situations severe frost kills it to the ground, but the following summer shoots are sent up from four to five feet in length. James Loncy, Ofucras, Gothen- burg, Sweden. KEW NOTES. Iris Bakeriana and I. sophenensis are both in flower at Kew, the former being amongst the prettiest of the reticulata set we have yet seen. The inner segments are soft blue, whilst the outer ones have deep velvety tips, and a yellow-marked claw. It is as fragrant as the Violet, and will doubtless prove a most useful adjunct to our spring Irises. I. sophe- nensis is distinct in its reddish-purple, orange marked flowers, not so bright or attractive as the old type. Iris Borntnitlleri, Haussk. — A very charming and extraordinary little Iris, under the above name, is now in flower at Kew. It does not appear to have been described anywhere, and the only references we have been able to get at are a note from its introducer, Herr Max Leichtlin, of Baden-Baden (Gard. Chron., 1889, ii., p. 279), and in the Wiener Garten Zeitung, 1889. It is a pretty, soft golden-yellow flowered species; but what strikes one most is the very rudi- mentary petals, which in some of the flowers are January 25, 1890.] THE GABDEXEBS' CHBOXICLE. 107 almost entirely suppressed, and which incline us to believe it to be a mere variety, even if distinct from Xiphinn Danfordiae, Baker, Journal of Botany, 1876, v., p. 265. It agrees entirely with the latter as far as we can make out, in the almost entire absence of petals, the slight beard on the sepals, the orange- yellow, brown-spotted flowers, and the several pro- tecting spathes, reaching almost to the top of the narrow tube. Iris Danfordue is a native of theCicilian Taurus, where it was collected by Mrs. Danford, along with many more interesting bulbous plants. In a short note Mrs. Danford says that this Iris is "abundant where it occurs," but evidently very local, as she only met with it twice. It blooms about the beginning of March at an elevation of 4000 feet. It is only one-flowered, each plant growing apart from the other. When in bloom it has only narrow sheath- ing leaves, and grows from 2 to 4 inches high. The exact locality where it was found was the western side of Anaska Mountain, really a continuation of the Ala Dagh range. Here, on a slope of sandy earth, grows the yellow Iris, in close company with a brilliant orange Crocus. On the banks of the little rivulet, near where Iris Danfordue grows, such plants as Primroses, Violets, Scilla bifolia are to be found in large patches, and on the grey rocks above large clumps of Cystopteris fragilis, Asplenium Tricho- manes, and A. ruta-muraria. Amongst the bulbs found in the same locality are Fritillaria aurea, Hyacinthus azureus, Bellevalia ciliata and hispida, all of which are perfectly hardy, as our beau- tiful yellow Iris will most likely also prove. The locality given by Herr Max Leichtlin is Armenia, no particular district being specified, and it may turn out to be not far distant from Mrs. Danford's original locality. Whatever may be Dr. Foster's final determination, one thing is certain. This Iris is certainly an acquisition among spring flowers, its pretty yellow flowers peeping above ground in January will always be looked forward to with interest and pleasure. Galanthus umhrieus. — A Snowdrop has come to us from Italy under the above name, and though flowering this year a little earlier than most of our established tufts, it proves to be nothing more or less than our common G. nivalis. The present rush after new names is to be deplored ; and does not justifiy anyone in going to a certain locality, col- lecting a few bulbs, and distributing them under the name of that locality, without even taking the trouble to see if they have any distinctive features entitling them to a new name. Its early flowering is only of a temporary nature ; it is well known that all bulbs ripened "in the sunny south flower earlier the first year with us, but they soon drop back to a level with our old tufta. The common Snowdrop is always welcome as Galanthus nivalis. I). Bewar. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. {Continued from p. 355, vol. vi., n.s.) i..i:lia. 86. Ljjua, Lindl., Gen. # Sp. Oreh. (1831), p. 115; Benth. and Hook, f., Gen. Plant., iii., p. 633.— Pollen-masses 8, other characters as in Cattleya. Species about 20, occurring in the maritime provinces of Southern Brazil, and, after a wide interval, in Southern Mexico and Guatemala ; no species being common to the two widely dissevered areas. For hybrids between this genus and Cattleya, many of which have been referred here, see L.ki.io-CattleyaX. L. acuminata, Lindl. = L. rubescens. (1.) L. albida, Batem., ex Lindl., Hot. Reg., xxv. i L839), Misc., p. 2 ; Id., t. 54; Hot. Mag., t. 3957 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. All., iii., t. 138 ; Orchidophile, 1885, p. 338, with fig. ; Veitch, Man, Orch. VI., pt. 2. p. 55, 56, with fig. Bletia albida, Rchb. f„ in Walp., Ann. Sot., vi. (1861 I, I>. 428. -Mexico. Introduced to cultivation about 1837, from the neighbourhood of Oaxaca, and flowered with Mr. Thomas Harris, of Kingsbury, shortly afterwards. It appears to have been first discovered by Count Kar- winsky in 1832, at an elevation of 7■ 109, t 48; The Garden, 1,884, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 446, fig. 5 (Bar Barkeri, Kn. & Westc, Fl. Cah-. i. 1837 p. 63, t. 30. Bletia anceps var. Barkcriana, Kchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi., p. 418. Var. bt.anda, Kch. f., in Gard. Chron.,1885, pt. 1, p. I'm). Var. Cai vertiana, Kchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1885, pt. 1, p. 2(W,. Var. Dawsoni, Anderson, in Gard. Chron., l-SJS, p. T, ; Fl. V,;.; . t. .'.3(1; Jenn., Orch., t. 6, fig. 2; Warn., Sel. Orch., ser. 2, t. .". 1 ; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., i., t. II. /.'•■■ Garden. 1884, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 446, fig. 1 ; G ird. i ' L887, pt. 1, p. 124, fig. 82; Veitch, Man. Orch. PI., pt. 2, p. 58, with fig. Var. dew ita, Hort., ex Williams, Orch. Grr.Man., ed. 6 1885), p. 351. Var. QBANDIPLORA, Williams. Orch. Gr, Man., ed. 6 (1885), p. 351; Gard. Chron., 1888, pt. 1, p. 105, L07, fig. 17. L. anceps mo- rada, Gard. Chron., L888, pt. 1, p. D »7, in note. Var. Hii.liana, Kchb. {., in Gard. Chron., 1881, pt. 1. p. 168; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., iv., 1. 146; The Garden, 1884, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 1 16. fig. 6 (Ililli) : ZU. Hort., n.s., t. .^ I Gard. Chron., 1887, pt. 1, p. 425, fig. 83 (Hillii). Var. KrENASTIAMA, Kchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, pt. 1, p. 298. Var. Leeana, Sander, ex Kchb. f., in Gard. CAron., 1884, pt. 1, p. 445. Var. LE0CO8TICTA, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron , 1885, pt. 1, p. 206. Var. morada = var. grandiflora. Var. munda. Kchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, pt. 1, p. 298 ; 1888, pt. 1, p. 233. Var. obscura, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, pt. 1, p. 41. Var. Percivalliaxa, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1883, pt. 1, p. 110; Perciualliana pul- cherriina. Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., vi., t. 256; The Garden, 18S4, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 446, fig. 3 ; Sander's Reichenbachia, i., p. 79, t. 36. Var. radians, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1888, pt. 1, p. 200. Var. rosea, Rchb. f.. in Gard. Chron.. 1880, pt. 1, p. 104 ; 1888, pt, 1, p. 233; The Garden, 1884, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 446, fig. 4. Var. Sanderiana, Rchb. f., in Gard. Citron., 1885, pt. 1, p. 140 ; 1887, pt. 1, p. 281, fig. 59; Sander's Reichenbachia, ii., p. 15, t. 56. Var. Schrcsderiana. Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1885, pt. 1, p. 342. Var. Scottiana, Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., vii., t. 325. Var. Stella, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, pt. 1, p. 136; 1887, pt. 1, p. 280, fig. 58; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., vii., t. 329; Sander's Reichenbachia, i., p. 109, t, 48. Var. superba, Regel, Gartenfiora, iv. (1S55), p. 343, 1. 140. Var. Veitchiana, Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1S83, pt. 1. p. 274; The Garden, 1SS4. pt. 1, ;.. 534, t, 446, tig. 7 ( Feitehi). Var. vestalis. Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1880, pt. 1, p. 136. Var. virginalis, Rchb. f„ in Gard. Chron , 1 - -' I. pt. 1, p. 136 ; Journ. of Hort., 1887, pt. 1, p. 42, fig. 7. Var. Williamsii, Sander, ex Warn, and Will.. Orch. Alb., iv., t. 190; Gard. Chron., 1887, pt. 1, p. 349. fig. 72 ; The Garden, 1884, pt. 1, p. 534, t. 416, tig. 2 {Williamsiana). (3.) L. adtumnai.in, Lindl., Gen. $ Sp. Orch. (1831), p. 115; Id., Bot. Reg., xxv., t. 27 ; Paxt., Mag. Bot., vi., p. 121, with plate; Bot. Mag., t. 3817 ; Batem., Orch. Mex. $ Gnat., t. 9 ; Hook., Cent. Orch., t. 26 ; Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 1009, lig. 237; III. Hort, t. 17; Veitch, Man. Orch, PI., pt. 2, p. 61, with fig. It. rosea, Hort., ex Kchb. f., in Sander's Reichenbachia, p. 21. Bletia autum- nalis, Llav. et Lex., Nov. Veg. Dcscr., ii. (1825), Orch. Opusc, p. 19.— Mexico. First introduced into Kuropean gardens in 1836, in which year it was received from Mexico by Mr. Tayleur, of Parkheld, near Liverpool. Shortly afterwards it was imported by other horticultural firms. It is spread over a con- siderable part of the Mexican highlands, where it grows on bare rocks, stunted trees, and similar situations, exposed to the full force of the sun and rain. The flowers are used in Mexico for the decoration of the churches on All Saints' Day, and hence its vernacular name of " Flor elc todos lot Santos," ..i All Saints' Flower. It is far less variable than L. anceps, but the following varieties are known : — Var. atropurpukea, Weber, in Deutsche dart. Zeit., 1886, p. 162, tig. 41, 42. Var. ATEORUBENS, Backhouse, in Gard. Chron., 1879, pt. 2, p. 232 ; The Garden, 1880, pt. 1, p. 368, t. 229 ; Warn and Will., Orch. Alb., ii., t. 49. A brightly coloured form. Var. furfuracea. Leclia furfuracea. hind!.. Bot. lie,,., xxv. (1839), t. 26; Bot. Mag. t. 3810; Hook., Cent. Orch.,t.25. Bletia fur- furacea, Kchb. f. in Walp., Ann. Bot., vi. i L861), p. 428. Discovered by Count Karwin- sky in the neighbourhood of Caxaca, at an elevation of 7,500 to 8,500 feet, and subse- quently by others, in other localities, but always at a high elevation. It was imported by Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, and sent to Dr. Lindley, in November, 1838. It is gene- rally considered a distinct species, but it seems to me rather a dwarf alpine form of L. autumnalis, with the petals unusually broad, and the scurfiness of the ovary more strongly developed. The two seem to gradually run together in a series of specimens. Var. venusta, Goldring, in The Garden, 1884, pt. 1, p. 366, t. 438. Much paler than the variety atrorubens, otherwise very similar. Var. xanthotropis, Rchb. f., in Sander's Reichenbachia, i. (1886), p. 21, t. 10. A form quite intermediate between typical L. autumna- lis and the variety furfuracea, though there seems no reason for supposing it a hybrid between them, as suggested. It is said to flower in July and August. B. A. RolJ'c, Her- barium, Kew. lo8 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. Trees and Shrubs. RETINOSPORA [OBTUSA VAR.] TROU- BETZKOYANA. Hort. Rooelli. Under this name Messrs. Rovelli, of Pallanza, whose collections of Conifera and of Camellias are so remarkable, obligingly send us specimens of a seedling form of Thuya (Retinospora) obtusa — or such we take it to be. Judging from the specimen before us, it is a dwarf compact variety, densely branched with short divaricating branchlets covered with ap- pressed bright green rather thick, lanceolate, acute but not acuminate leaves, with a central gland on the back. Mr. Nicholson, who has seen the plant growing, speaks highly of it for decorative purposes. THDTA [BOREALIs] VAR. NIDIFERA. HoH. BoVelli. For this we also are indebted to Messrs. Rovelli, who call it Thuyopsis niditera. From the specimen before us we incline to the belief that it is a seedling form from Thuya borealis (alias Ntitkaensis), and if so it is remarkable, as that species is relatively less variable than some of its near allies. The speci- mens before us are feathery-looking with slender, pinnately branching shoots, densely covered with appressed, deep apple-green, subulate leaves, each with a central gland on the dorsal surface. The plant must be a very attractive one. The Flower Garden. The Work on the Lawns. — At this season it is specially desirable that the lawn should be kept scrupulously neat, for however fine the specimens of trees and shrubs may be — unless the lawn be kept in first-rate order, these objects will fail to produce the effects they were intended to give ; hence the lawn should be frequently swept, but avoiding doing so during very wet or very frosty weather. The season having been so mild, without snow and excessive rains, the making of alterations and im- provements has been greatly facilitated. Any depression in the turf in which water may lay should have the turf run back, and be filled up with loamy soil, replacing the turf neatly, and beating it to its proper level. Any spot where the turf has been damaged by play, or other causes, should be mended with fresh sound turves, so as to ensure a perfect sward by the time it is again required. On dry days the lawn should get a thorough rolling after a sweeping. JValks. — Now is the time to place the edgings of walks, if of turf, in proper condition, with the edging iron and line, paring the sides until you have a regular line, pleasing to the eye. Where the width of the walks is increasing, a strip of turf along the side should be cut and pushed forward on to the surface of the walk, the bare space left being turfed over. By doing this a new edge may be cut without making the walk wider than it ought to be. If the edgings are of Box, vacancies in the lines may be made good, or the whole ofitrelaid. Edgings of tiles, Hints, &c, should be put straight. The existing drains and catch pits in walks should be examined, and if stopped up they should be cleaned out. Where it is intended to carry drains along existing or new walks, such should be placed down the centre, and short branch drains carried into them from the catch pits or gratings at the sides of the walk. New gravel may now be placed on walks, previously passing it through a screen or sieve to remove all large stones. Where gravei is covered with moss or weeds, it may be turned with a steel fork or the spade, and after- wards rolled smooth. Seeds and Floioer Soots. — Several useful plants now require to be sown early in heat if they are to be had ready for the beds. Among the first lot to be sown are Eucalyptus globulus. Acacia lophantha, Cen- taurea candidissima, C. Clementei, and C. gymno- carpa ; Cannas, Pyrethrum aureum and its varieties, Begonias, &c. A sowing of Sweet Peas should be made in the open ground in prepared trenches, or in clumps in the herbaceous borders or shrubberies. These will come into bloom early. A sharp look-out must be kept for slugs. Begonia and Dahlia roots should be introduced into gentle heat for the supply of cuttings. I prefer to strike Begonia cuttings on a gentle hotbed, covered with about 3 inches of finely-sifted soil composed of one-half well-decayed leaf-mould, one- fourth loam, and the rest red or silver-sand. It does not matter whether the cuttings are taken off with a heel or not ; when struck, they may either be potted, or hardened off where they are. If in- serted about 4 inches apart, they will take up with good balls of soil well filled with roots, and can be transferred directly into the flower-beds. Pruning and Training. — Creepers and climbers on walls, with the exception of those flowering now, such as Jasminum nudiflorum, should be pruned, nailed, or tied, as required. I strongly advise in all cases, where practicable, that wires be placed on walls for training, as it preserves the wall from further damage, and greatly facilitates the work of training. Hellebores never were more popular than now ; they are best divided or removed at this season of the year. Perhaps one of the largest and most successful growers of this valuable flower resides in this neigh- bourhood ; he grows many thousands, and has about completed his propagation and planting. Old plants which have been kept in pots until they have almost ceased to flower if turned out again, the old por- tion cut away, and planted out in the open ground in highly-manured soil, in a slightly shaded and moist position, will soon recover. They should be kept well mulched, especially during dry weather, and means taken to keep the slugs from them. Chrysanthemums. — The old plants turned out from pots may be planted out between the shrubs, or in the herbaceous borders, where, if a favourable autumn prevails, such as we experienced last year, they will tend to make the flower-garden gay during the dull period of the year. D. C. Powell, Powderham, Exeter. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Peaches and Nectarines. — These fruits, where grown extensively in favoured situations, should_'now be liberated from their fastenings and tied out to stakes in front of the wall, where the buds will be better retarded than by any other means during the remaining days of this month and February ; the pruning may be done before they are liberated, but it is better to defer it till a little later. All the snags left from the autumn pruning should be trimmed over, and all the branches and young shoots washed with soap and water. Some gardeners paint their trees with strong insecticides after having pruned them, and I used to follow this practice ; but by washing the growths twice with soap and water, I have found that scale never makes any headway even if there should be any of it present, and the risk of injury to the buds by the insecticides is avoided. If the walls are old and the joints open, and many nail-holes exist in them, a good washing with hot lime and a little linseed oil applied with a half-worn-out brush, is efficacious in ridding the wall of insects ; and if training to wires is the fashion followed, it is a good plan to have all the wires painted if these are galvanised, for shoots tied close to them are often injured to such an extent that they have to be cut away. So far this season has been favourable for pushing on with manuring, re- novations, &c, and any quarters of fruit or the soil round individual fruit trees, which may have become exhausted, should be dressed with good loam, or a mulching of half-decayed manure placed around each tree or bush. This encourages surface-rooting, which will have a marked effect on the subjects so treated. Raspberry Plantations. — All staking and tying, if not already done, should at once be taken in hand, first thinning out the canes, not leaving too many to a stool, as these become crowded during the summer, and do not allow the fruit-bearing laterals to develop properly. If the locality is a damp one, the shortening back of the canes is better left until March, as by so doing the lower buds break much later. The ground should be heavily mulched with decayed manure, if it be of a light nature, but heavy and retentive soils may be dressed with charred refuse and soil. Digging must be avoided, merely the weeds being hoed'upand raked off, and where mulch- ing is done annually, very few weeds grow. Gooseberry Plantations. — The bushes are frequently left until the spring before being pruned, but to have this operation standing over is certainly an incon- venience, the object of leaving them being that there is a better chance for the fruit-buds after the hard weather is gone. In bird-infested districts like this, where the bullfinches can be counted by the score in a flight, it is much the better plan to cover the Gooseberry quarters with permanent galvanised iron wire netting. Standards of G.V feet above ground being fixed up at intervals to carry it ; and the net- ting should be of 1 inch mesh. A great many growers adopt early pruning, and rely on a dressing or two of thit limewash, strained through a hair sieve, and applied with a syringe or engine, but the result is not altogether satisfactory, the finches and sparrows not being deterred by this dressing. A good plan, and one which I have found to answer, is to run some wire netting a yard high, and of 1 inch mesh round the quarters, securing it to stout stakes, and covering the enclosed area with square mesh tanned fish netting, removing it when the fruit is set and safe. In pruning, thin the shoots severely in the centre of the bush, and avoid overcrowding anywhere. Good shoots should be selected for cuttings, if such are wanted, and these should be put into two-thirds of their length, rub- bing off all buds beneath the upper four. If cater- pillars have been troublesome during the past season, the soil underneath each bush should be shovelled up to the depth of two or three inches, and carefully carried to a heap of refuse and burned, slaked fresh lime being then applied as a top dressing, and fresh soil in place of that which was removed. Mulch the ground with half-rotten manure. Gooseberry growing here is rather an important bit of work, a supply of fruit being required for as long a time as possible, and I will mention my various modes of planting the bushes, &c. First, there are six trellises, 4.} feet high, and the same distance apart, and on these are grown fruits which are kept solely for the members of the family and their visitors to pick and consume on the spot ; and just when they are ripening, the bushes are spurred in, the ground is covered with clean straw so as to be accessible in any state of the weather, and there is no pricking of the fingers. Planting the Gooseberry on walls well repays for the space they take up, for it is surprising how long and regular is the supply from that source if planting is done on different aspects. I gathered the last dish of War- rington on November 23, and these were of good flavour. Whinham's Industry is an excellent variety, both for flavour and bearing, and also lateness. A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Haslemcre. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. L.ELIA ELEGANS BLENIIEIMENSIS. This is a magnificent variety, with fine ever- green foliage. It has slender, terete stems, some 2 feet high, bearing on the summit a pair of linear, oblong, coriaceous leaves. The flowers proceed from a small sheath situated between the 'eaves ; these are well formed, and of good substance, and measure individually 5 inches across ; the sepals are of a pale rosy-purple, becoming deeper in colour towards the edge ; petals intense rose-purple ; lip three-lobed, anterior lobe deep magenta-purple, veined with a deeper shade of the same colour; throat yellow. The flowers of this variety appear at a most unusual time for a dark variety — that is, in the month of February, and they continue in per- fection for three weeks or a month. We find from experience that this section ofLadia elegans requires a warmer and closer atmosphere than most of its congeners, by which means their stems are not allowed to shrivel ; indeed, they require to be kept in a shady place, and their stems and foliage kept moist, until they plump up and form new roots. These plants require great attention, and should never be allowed to flower until they have become well rooted and thoroughly established. We culti- vate the plants belonging to this section of Ladia by themselves, using one side of the house for them, a position in which they have full exposure to the light, but are shaded from the hottest sunshine. Here we give them an abundant supply of moisture between the pots and on the table, in order to pro- January 25, 1890.] THE GAB DENE US' GHRONICLE. 109 (luce a moist atmosphere during the season of growth ; but in the winter months this is considerably reduced, as we give them only sufficient to keep their bulbs in a plump and healthy condition. The pots must be well and thoroughly drained, the best material to use about their roots is good, fibrous, upland peat, and this should be made firm. They thrive equally well in either pots or baskets, and may be hung up near to the roof-glass ; but there is one thing to avoid in this situation — it frequently becomes a very chilly place in winter, and therefore we would avoid too close a proximity to the glass during extreme cold weather. " Orchid Album.'' Pescatorea cerina. This is a beautiful evergreen plant, entirely destitute of pseudobulbs, merely having a tufty stem, formed in the axils of the leaves ; the flowers measure some 3 inches across, the sepals and petals being fleshy in texture, concave, roundish-oblong, of a pale waxy lemon colour, the lateral sepals being somewhat darker, and the lip clear yellow. It blooms during October and November, and continues in beauty for a very long time. This plant is successfully cultivated by different growers in various ways, and in various temperatures ; but hitherto they have not proved long-lived plants under cultivation. This, however, arises from the want of knowledge of some special requirement, which, when once we have gained, there will be nothing to prevent us growing it, and all the species of the genus, with ease. Great care is necessary in the management of these Pescatoreas, and we have found it a good plan to keep them as fair-sized plants rather than to attempt to make large specimens, as the roots generally rot away when the plant attains large dimensions, and this is fatal in most instances, unless the old soil is at once removed, the roots washed, and any dead roots cut away. The plants should then be re-potted and placed in a shady situation. Basket culture is best for them, and good drainage is essential to their well-being, requiring, as they do, a liberal supply of moisture to the roots all the year round ; but it should be allowed to pass away quickly and thoroughly, leaving nothing behind to stagnate. But little mould should be used about their roots, and this small quantity should consist of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss. The plants should be well elevated by mixing some nodules of charcoal with the soil, and we find the warm end of the Cattleya-house the most suitable position for them. Cultivated either in baskets or in pots, the plants, when in flower, should be placed in such a position that the blooms when open are in the line of vision, as in this manner the best effect is produced, and they can be the more easily inspected closely. " Orchid Album." the other Vandas. Temperatures for this house may- range from 55° at night, to 00° by day. Cool-house. — It has been my practice for several years past to repot all the Odontoglossums and the Masdevallias in the autumn, which is much more satisfactory than doing it in the spring. Plants repotted last September, are now furnished with roots running over the sides of the pots. However, no one who has plants of either species which were not repotted in the autumn, should lose time in ascertaining which of them requires it, and which may safely be left until next September. In re- potting, care should be exercised not to use a pot that is too large, and to fill it to three-fourths of its depth with clean potsherds, and put over this a sprinkling of sphagnum, and before placing the plant in the pot, to squeeze a firm lump of ribry peat into the centre of trie pot as a firm basis for the plant to rest upon, holding it firmly in this position while packing the materials neatly around the plant. The temperature mav be at night 45", and by dav 50°. East Indian House. — Where plants of Thai us tuberculosa have done well, the flower-spikes v.- ill be showing freely ; and the plant being one that is very subject to attacks of thrips, it is necessary to examine it daily. With us the plants grow in Teak baskets, hung up close to the roof, and near to the ventilators. I find that P. tuber- culosus likes a compost of sphagnum moss, peat, and turf, in equal proportions, with a small quantity of silver-sand added to it. I have found that its congeners, P. llumboldtii ajid Henryii also, do well in the same compost. It is almost too soon to say with certainty in which temperature these latter varieties do best, but our plants seem to grow the strongest in the intermediate-house, though I am assured by some authorities that they come from a very hot region. I am. at any rate, trying both hot and inter- mediate-houses, and at present 1 like the plants that are in the cooler house the better. Calanthe vestita oculata gigantea, now coming into flower, is the best of the deciduous Calanthes, and a free grower, that makes large bulbs and lluwer- spikes. Another good feature of the plant is, that it keeps its foliage perfect until the flowering is over. At the present time the plants require to be well supplied with water, but less will be required when the lnliage begins to change colour. .1. nd when a plant is well done, it adds to its beautv. E. Florists' Flowers. Specimen- ChUYSANTH] mi Ms. Mr. i[ has been written of late against the method generally adopted at the present time of training specimen plants. A great fault is, I think, made by deferring the training and the final tying of the shoots too long after the flower buds are formed, and which in many instances does not allow of the leaves righting themselves before the flowers are expanded and the plants shown. Nothing looks worse than to see the blooms flattened down on the foliage, for in a properly trained Chrysanthemum every flower should stand clear of the leaves, and each shoot should be at least one foot from the place where the growths are bent, or even more than that in very large plants. The bending of the branches should be done as early in their growth, and as close to the pot, as may be practicable. Pro- bably the best specimens Been this season were shown by Mr. J. S. Graham, gardener to G. Lawson, Esq., Newland Grove, Hull, at the show held in con- junction with the provincial exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum Society. Each of his plants measured about 3 feet in diameter, and so deftly were the growths manipulated, that it was extremely difficult to discover, without very close inspection, where the stems were bent, so abundantly were they clothed with the dark green foliage, com- pletely hiding the stems. The varieties were of the Mrs. G. Bundle type, which adapt themselves to this form of training admirably, the blooms which are produced by the trio of sports from this variety, always incurve perfectly, not like some other varieties which are grown in this way, which though not being well adapted for producing bo many flowers on one plant, show a tendency to be hollow-eyed ; and an incurved Chrysanthemum Fruits Under Glass. Melons should be made ready for planting out. We generally lead off with two or three kinds as a first crop ; after that, we grow Blenheim Orange only, and I know of no better variety for all-round purposes. The present is a good time to sow a batch for a second crop, putting two seeds into a 60-pot, using a light, fine soil, with a bit of holding fibrous turf in the bottom of the pot. Koad scrapings, if gritty and calcareous without further mixture, suit Melons well. Peaches and Nectarines. — The early house, if the tree be not already in flower, should have two gentle fumigations, so as to prevent attacks of green or black aphis before the young fruit have set properly. All misplaced flower-buds should be removed, those, for instance, on the under sidts of the branches at the very base of the shoots, or those appearing under- sized or imperfect, as allowing the trees to bring forth every flower they show has a distressing effect upon them; but where bud dropping has been prevalent i ami 1 have heard of several cases this year), Nature will right herself if itbanottooserious. Somevarieties of Peaches are much worse than others, principally the large flowering kinds, and notably Noblesse and Alexander, both of which have dropped with us this year. I attribute bud dropping generally to dryness at the root during autumn or winter after the crop has been gathered, to too much fire-heat in starting to force, or to the rooting compost being too loose, but the first is the most frequent cause. Later houses should be pruned, borders topdressed and otherwise prepared. It is advisable to dress both old and young wood with some insecticide. We use Gishurst's compound at 6 oz. to the gallon for the young wood. Cucumbers. — It is sometimes difficult to maintain a supply through the month of February and during Lent, but if the winter plants have been grown thinly, neither stopped nor over cropped, the increasing daylight will soon work wonders. Keep up a good temperature, allowing 70° at night, with plenty of moisture, and little ventilation. Sow for successional plants. Tbmatoi should also be forwarded, and seeds sown. The Fig-house, if closed now, will give ripe fruit in May, but take every precaution to keep clear from scale or other insects. Use the syringe twice a day, using artificial means to dry the wood once each day. The temperature to start with should be about 45° to 50° for night, and 10° more by day. If it be con- venient to have a bed of fermenting leaves in the house, there will be a considerable gain. The Grape-room must be frequently looked over, and bad berries (if any) at .once removed. Keep it as cool as possible, consistent with dryness, watch the evaporation from the bottles, and fill them up as may be required. We add two tablespoonfuU of syrup, as that is said to preserve the flavour. Wm. Crump, Madreffield Court, Malvern. PLANT PORTRAITS. Hll'ERICrJM CALYCINUM, and H. MOSKRIANHM Moniteur Ilorticolc, January 10. Nvmph.tsa marliacea, Chromatclla Illustrkrtc Monatshefte, January. Bamondia pyrenaica alha, Garden, January 11. — A lovely variety of a particularly interesting alpino plant. 110 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1S90. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor earl;/ intelligence of loral events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturist*. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these paoes, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, fyc, are also solicited. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munication' should be written on one side only of the papeb, and sent as early in the week as possible. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ,.„..„,.. Tl„ „,( labium auratum ami Hardy Bulbs MUMDA1. J«--'| at Protheroo & Morris' Rooms. ( & Morris. 1 Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Seeds of Kentia Belmoreana and K. Forsteriana. at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. ( Imported and Established Orchids, THURSDAY, Jax. 3d- and Importations of Lilies, &c. ( from Japan, at Stevens' Rooms. irnrnAV i,v ,,( Imported and Establish,-,] or, bids, * KIDA1 . J Ai . .11 s, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. ( Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border SATURDAY, Feb. 1- Plants, and Bulbs, at Stevens' CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 38°,8. For some time past, at intervals, T'' pTarit" er *^e newspapers have entertained their readers with accounts of a " Weather-plant," reputed to do many won- derful things, but only under certain conditions, involving considerable outlay for apparatus, iS:c. Our own attention has been repeatedly called to the matter, both by members of the trade, and by ordinary correspondents, to whom we have, inculcated the desirability of a little whole- some scepticism and caution. The matter has however, now come before the public in a more prominent manner by advertisements in some of the horticultural journals and seed catalogues, and especially by the publication in the last number of the Kew Bulletin, of a large number of experiments and forecasts made by the " dis- coverer," together with the results of independent observations on these so-called forecasts made by Dr. Oliver and his assistant. According to the statement of the introducer of the Weather- plant, or his agents, the plant, by the movement in certain directions of its leaves or leaflets, fore- casts the weather with absolute certainty fortv- eight hours beforehand, whether sunshine, rain, wind, storm, &c, whilst subterranean disturbances are predicted three to eight days beforehand, ac- cording to locality. The pamphlet published by the inventor shows that the leaflets bend upwards for fine weather, down for rain, turn diagonally towards the stem for wind, cross for an approach- ing thunderstorm, and curl for a discharging thunderstorm, all forty-eight hours in advance ; whilst for subterranean disturbances the branch drops down altogether in that direction where such disturbance may be expected. Such was in substance the story as first told. It was also stated that thousands of confirmatory experi- ments had been made, that the Austrian Imperial Observatories, as well as many public establishments in that country had adopted the plant as a barometer. Bearing in mind the movements of leaves according to various conditions of illumination, temperature, and moisture, and, as in the case of the Sensitive Plant, actual contact, there was, of course, no reason to doubt the occurrence of the movements in question ; indeed, similar ones are matters of every-day observation, it was the inferences drawn from them that were open to doubt. ISut what, after all, are merely physical indications such as these by the side of those more subtle powers possessed by the herba tcntiens of the older writers ? One Oxalis, we are told, shrunk abashed in the presence of vice, its leaves collapsed, and hence it was made to serve as a touchstone to eliminate the bad, to act as a love philter, to purge the guilty, and render them as free from taint as itself. No " weather-plant," even when cultivated under special apparatus, can compete with this Oxalis of Amboyna. Those, however, of our readers desirous of gaining, within short compass, a summary of the present state of knowledge on the subject, apart from romance, would do well to consult Darwin's volume on the Pouer of Movement in Plants. They must not, however, expect to find therein any such prophetic power attributed to plants as the Austrian observer claims for them. Reverting to the weather plant it shortly trans- pired that it was none other than what is known to botanists as Abrus precatorius, the bead-like seeds of which are familiar to most people from their scarlet colour, tipped at one end with black. These seeds are used for necklaces, and, so it is said, as weights for diamonds in India. The plant producing them is a common plant in most tropical countries, so that there could be but little difficulty in procuring large supplies at small cost. The plant itself is a shrubby twiner, with pinnate foliage like so many other of the leguminous family to which it belongs. When the identity of the weather-plant was thus made known, botanists might well be excused for indulging in a little scepticism. The plant is, indeed, just one of those in which leaf movements are most likely to be well- marked. But an air of mystery was diffused over it — the seeds could only be procured at a relatively high price. We are told in a letter before us that " it cannot be cultivated in ordinary hothouses or like Orchids ! " that " the Professor " has patented the only mode of cultivating it in Europe : that the price of the apparatus is £5 6s., £12 12s., or £52 10.5., according to the more or less elaborate style of apparatus — all that expenditure for a tropical weed that we should have supposed to have been cultivated with the utmost ease in any warm house ! Further, we were informed that there were two distinct kinds of weather plants, the B and the T plants, of which the latter forecasts the tempe- rature forty-eight hours in advance, while the former indicates only " the weather." Such statements as these, and made in such a manner, were not at all calculated to win the confidence of gardeners or of botanists. Not even the names of the Emperor of Austria, Baron Rothschild, or Prince Sciiwarzen- burgh were sufficient to destroy scepticism. The observatories and scientific societies of Austria, to whom we might fairly have looked for confirmation of the statements made, have been, so far as we have observed, silent. The Vienna Professors, among whom are some of the most eminent vegetable physiologists of the day, men whose opinion would have been of special importance in such a case, have not, so far as we know, lent their countenance to it. A similar reticence would probably have been maintained here had it not been for the fact that, owing to the good-natured interposition of the Prince of Wales, the authorities at Kew were induced to allow the inventor facilities for carrying on his experiments. The Prince had been interested in the matter by the late Crown Prince of Austria, who, as is well known, had considerable claims to rank as a naturalist. In due course the " inventor " consented to deposit some of his plants in the Jodrell laboratory at Kew, and " to demonstrate from day to day over a sufficiently long period to allow of a fair trial, the predictions which he believed their movements afforded." From the scientific side the experiments and observations made were watched and recorded day by day by Dr. Francis Oliver and his as- sistant, Mr. Weiss. The results are given at length, as we have stated, in the last number of the Kew Bulletin. In it are detailed in full the several movements to which the leaflets and the midrib ol the leaf are subject, and the indications thereby alleged to be afforded as to prospective weather, the advent of earth- quakes and the escape of fire damp in mines. The older leaves, it appears, only indicate the condition of the weather in the immediate neighbourhood ; middle-aged leaves are good for 5 or 10 miles, whilst the younger leaves are so sensitive and prescient as to serve as indicators for 50 miles ! Since his arrival in England, the inventor has, we are not surprised to learn, been befogged. Fog or mist are, says he, " prophesied by irregular positions of the leaflets, indistinguishable from those indicating electricity in the atmosphere," so that the observer has found himself unable to distinguish between the effects of electricity and of fog. Dr. Oliver proceeds to give in parallel columns an illustrative series of forecasts, made twenty-four or forty-eight hours in advance for eight different times of the day selected, and a record of the actual weather at the same hours on the days indicated. The critical examination of these forecasts (deduced, it should be said, in half the number of oases from the charts after the event), is given in full on pp. 14, 15, and at the end of the report are published some charts from the Meteorological Office which show little or no correspondence with those of the same days as prepared by Mr. Nowack. It is hardly necessary to say that these documents afford little support to the statements we have recorded, and if we are to adjust our charts and forecasts after the event to make them correspond to the actual facts, it is obvious that we need not take the trouble to obtain seeds of Abrus precatorius and grow them under costly apparatus. The prophesying of events after we know what they are, can be done much more cheaply, and, as these observations show, with an equal amount of success ! It is perhaps well, in order to satisfy popular curiosity, and obviate possible cavil, to have matters fairly tested, especially where, as in this case, there is a substratum of fact, else it would seem that the resources of the Jodrell Laboratory and the time of the skilled observers (but who, it should be said, are not Government servants, nor mem- bers of the Kew staff) might have been utilised January 25, 1890.] THE GABDENERS* CHBONICLE 111 to greater advantage. All that Kew has done in the matter is to afford the requisite facilities. Kew cannot (any more than the Royal Horti- cultural Society, in whose gardens at Chiswick the experiments are being continued by the in- ventor) be held responsible for the correctness of the prophetic utterances. Should the observations that have been made stimulate Dr. Oliver or other observers to make experiments to ascertain the manner in which tangible before the Fellows and the general public. It will then altogether depend on the amount of financial support which the Council receive whether the project be carried to a successful issue or not. We have received a second letter on this subject from Mr. Hibbekd, from which we make the follow- ing extract: — Establish a handsome hall in a spot commanding a constant flow of traffic ; here initiate daylight occupations for the scientific, and evening entertainments for the people, and you will not fail a home for the trapeze and the wire rope, as a mere shelter for so many drinking-bars, it would be a failure first, and finally a disgrace and a curse. That it would fail if perverted from the purpose for which it is proposed, cannot be doubted, and upon that assumption may be founded our expectation of success. We want a beautiful building, with sufficient space for half-a-dozen meetings to be held simultaneously, and a noble hall abundantly lighted botli by day and night, with, pel haps, a bijou FlOi 17.— VIEW IN TDK BOTANIC GABDEK, NATAL. (sKE P. 116.) external agencies, especially light, actXonJproto- plasm, the labour and time expended on these " prophecies " will have received positive as well as negative justification. In any case, the thanks of the community are due to Dr. ( li.n EB for his clear and disinterested statement of facts. Hall for Horticulture.— We are authorised to say with regard to the suggested hall, that the matter has been before the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society for the greater part of the past year. A committee of the Council was appointed in the autumn for the purpose of elaborating a scheme ; and they hope soon to be able to bring something of your reward, which will doubtless correspond with your deserts, and will crown good management with complete success. Our fortnightly meetings would soon acquire renownlin a place reasonably adapted for them, and a flower show under the electric light, with suitable accessories, would do for horticulture what has never been done yet — we should outdo the " palmy days of Chiswick," minus the dreadful weather that first abolished Vauxhall, and then applied the surplus of its savagery to the best flower shows of this nineteenth century. A thousand uses for such a hall would arise as it acquired a name and a place in the economy of society, and the life of the thing would be in its independence and respectability. As an arena for lions and lambs, as plant house, in which subjects requiring to he on the spot for a few days or more might be kept under observation, and flowered or fruited without disturb- ance, or danger of transit at unseasonable times. The Weather plant offers an example. It has been under operation for forecasting in a house in the Royal Horticultural Society Gardens at Chiswick, and has been seen by some dozen or score of persons only. In a conservatory on the Thames Embank- ment it would have been visited by hundreds, possibly by thousands. The kind of institution I have in view should be somewhat of a costly affair, and the. require- ments of the Royal Horticultural Society should have direct and primary attention in the original design and its several details. It need not be said that 112 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. under present circumstances the Royal Horticultural Society could not pay for such accommodation as it is proposed to provide, but it is a fair speculation that it soon will be able to do so. In the meantime I wish this point to be kept in view, that the edifice suitable for horticulture will be suitable also for many other purposes that may be honourably and usefully asso- ciated with horticulture. There is no such hall as we require, but there are a thousand uses for such a thing from the moment you have established it. To be safe against perils that are better understood than explained, you have but to adopt as the foundation of the business that the edifice shall be used only for such purposes as consist with the advancement of science, art, and literature, and all the rest will turn on management. Shirley Hibberd, Kern, January 21, 1890. The Selborne Society.— The objects of this Society are stated to be, to preserve from unneces- sary destruction such wild birds, animals, and plants as are harmless, beautiful, or rare ; to discourage the wearing, and use for ornament, of birds, and their plumage, except when the birds are killed for food, or reared for their plumage ; to protect places and objects of interest or natural beauty from ill-treat- ment or destruction ; to promote the study of natural history. The Society intend to publish a monthly periodical called Nature Notes, and devoted to natural history in general, and to the purposes of the Society in particular. The Rev. Percy Mtles and Mr. James Britten are to be the editors of the magazine, which has our hearty sympathies and good wishes for the success of each and all of its aims. Open Spaces and the Builders.— The Pre- sident of the Royal Academy has given welcome and weighty assistance to the movement for the preser- vation of open spaces in a letter to the Editor of The Richmond and Twickenham Times, who is one of the Vice-Presidents of the Lower Thames Valley Branch of the Selborne Society. Sudbrook Park, which joins Richmond and Petersham Parks, Petersham village, and Ham Common, is in the market for building purposes. The vendors are the Commis- sioners of Woods and Forests. The Thames Valley Branch of the Selborne Society is about to me- morialise the Government to dedicate the park to the public use and enjoyment. • Sir Frederick Lkiohton earnestly wishes them success, and says : — " Your lovely park, with its wide wild spaces, and its sweet fresh air, is, and is daily more and more becoming, a priceless possession to the inhabitants of this black and monstrous metropolis ; and it is so in its most frequented parts, perhaps in great measure from the fact that Sudbrook Park shields it as a bulwark against smoke and bricks and mortar. I sincerely trust it may never lose that protection, for I feel that the breaking down of this barrier would have most mischievous results in many ways. I think public opinion will be warmly in your favour, and will strengthen your hands. Certainly my very best wishes follow you in your present endeavours." Ealing District Gardeners Mutual Im- provement Society.— On one of the recent weekly meetings of this Society, an interesting paper was read by Mr. Richard Dean, entitled the " Romance of Plants," which appeared to be appreciated by the members as being in subject- matter a change from the papers of a practical character usually read at these meetings. A Year's TRADE.— As every reader of this journal is in one way or another interested in our monthly stock-taking paragraph, it is a natural conclusion that the presentation of a summary of the year's trade must be at least equally interesting. No better idea of the vastness of British trade can be gained than the following figures present, and one rises from a perusal of them with a feeling of won- derment and pride. Our survey is, of course, naturally limited, but the eye of the Briton must rest with pardonable pride, for a moment, on the line containing the " total values," in the short table appended, which contains extracts from the " summary of the imports of produce from foreign countries and British colonies for the year ended December 31, 1889":— 18S3. 1889. Difference. Total value of imports £ 386,532,026 £ 427,210,830 £ +40,628,804 II.— (A.) Articles of food and drink — duty free 124,281,097 134,860,525 + 10,579,428 (B.)— do., dutiable ... 24,958,798 26,210,774 + 1.251,976 VI. — Kaw materials for textile manufac- tures 80,468,675 91,307,086 + 10,838.411 VII. — Raw materials for sundry industries and manufactures.. 36,722,501 43,694,671 +6,972,170 IX. — Miscellaneous articles 14,018,458 14,697,130 +678.672 There was only one instance of decrease to note — in metals — and that amounting to only a few thousand pounds ; and it ought to be recorded here that the above totals are exclusive of the value of the imports for the parcel post. In 1888 the value of such imports was £368,776 ; and in 18S9, £374,012. The exports for the year constitute wonderful items in these returns ; the following extracts will certainly interest even the most general reader : — Extracts from the Summary of the Exports of British and Irith Produce and Manufactures, Total value of exports ' 233.S42 607 II.— Raw materials V. — Articles manu- factured and partly manufactured, viz.: — A. Yarns and tex- tile fabrics \ All other articles, either manufac- tured or partly manufactured 10,238,121 13,979,881 10,718,662 17,357,920 +480,541 +3.378,039 Exports of Foreign and Colonial Produce.— Total value (partly estimated), 1888, £64,042,629; 1889, £64,9:;i.>,;". . +£897,146. A few interesting sums in arithmetic may be derived from these gigantic totals ; thus, the value of goods all round being taken at £10 per ton, divide the totals therewith ; then, taking the average storeage capacity of our ships at 1000 tons, to find the number of ships employed in our carrying trade. Then you go to the amount of insurances effected, and then — but where to stop? PlNUS PALUSTRIS. — The tops of young Southern Pines (Pinus palustris), from Georgia or Florida, were, says Garden and Florist, conspicuous objects in the shops of New York florists recently. Stems of young, vigorous saplings, 4 or 5 feet long, with the terminal cluster of leaves, are cut and stuck into flower-pots filled with earth. As the leaves remain fresh for a considerable time, the cut stem has every appearance of a living plant. The long, bright green leaves and the white scales of the large terminal bud, which are peculiar to this tree, make the young plants ornamental and attractive objects, well suited for the decoration of churches — for which they are used principally in this city — or other large buildings. The late Mr. Brebner, of Windsor— This gentleman, who for many years was Her Majesty's bailiff at the Norfolk Farm, Windsor Park, and whose death took place on the 14th inst., at the advanced age of eighty-five years, was in early life a gardener. We learn from a correspondent, Mr. W. Tbhsler, of Feltham, who went into the gardens at Marelands, just below Farnham, Surrey, in 1840, as a youth, that Mr. Brebner was at that time the head gardener, having been in the place several years. About 1846, Mr. Brebner left to take the position of gardener and bailiff at Bagshot Park, and later was transferred to the important post of bailiff at the Norfolk Farm, in Windsor Great Park. It may not be generally known that another gardener, formerly well known in West Middlesex, Mr. Peel, who was for several years at Cambridge House, Twickenham, holds an important post in Windsor Park now. Forced Holly. — Some of our readers may smile at this heading, yet what we have to say will show that the thing is feasible. Some sprays of Holly with berries were cut for Christmas decoration, and placed in a vase of water. The berries occu- pied the centre of the shoot, the upper part being decked with leaves and flower-buds. The flower- buds, however, were not observed until the leaves fell off, when the buds rapidly developed, so that in the specimens before us the upper part of the shoot is now thickly covered with tufts of white flower-buds ; each bud is of the size of a small shot, creamy- white, as also is the stalk supporting it. The tufts of buds thus form a marked contrast to the crimson berries. It seems hardly likely that the flowers on these particular specimens will expand, but under other circumstances it is clear they might do so. Ware and District Horticultural Mu- tual Improvement Society.— A meeting of this Society was held on the 13th inst., the Rev. A. E. W. Lofts in the chair. There was a good attendance of members present. Some excellent plants were staged, comprising Primulas, Ferns, Roman Hya- cinths, and Primula obconica, also some bunches of Lady Downes' Grapes. A paper was read by Mr. H. A. Smith on " Adiantums." The essayist illus- trated his paper with living and dried specimens. Peter Henderson, of New York.— Oar correspondent in New York telegraphs to us the announcement of the death of Mr. P. Henderson, nurseryman, of that city, on the 17th inst., of pneu- monia. Mr. Henderson went to the United States more than a quarter of a century ago, and engaged in market gardening for a time, but afterwards deserted that for a general nursery business, with offices and warehouses at 35 and 37, Courtlandt Street, New York, and where he amassed a very large fortune. We hope shortly to give a fuller account of his life. Brussels Chamber of Horticulture.— The close of the first session of this Institution was celebrated by a banquet given on the 7th inst. in honour of M. Lucien Linden, and in recognition of his services to the Institution. MM. Vander- meulen and Gillekens in toasting the " hero of the fete," alluded to his personal qualities, and to the good service he has rendered to horticulture. "The Rosarian's Year Book.'— With a por- trait of Mr. R. N. G. Baker, by way of frontispiece, this annual makes it wonted appearance. It is full of gossiping narrative dear to the rosarian mind — a summary of the year's proceedings, among which Rose jottings, by Mr. A. H. Gray, may be mentioned as particularly interesting. At the time of the Shah's visit in the past summer, regret was ex- pressed that he did not visit the Rose Conference at Chiswick, whereat one of the most interesting exhibits was the simple-leaved Rose, A. berberidifolia, and one of the most characteristic of his Majesty's floral subjects. Seeing the confusion occasioned by his Shahship's visit to the Crystal Palace on the occa- sion of the National Society's show, there is, how- ever, rather reason to congratulate the Chiswick Conference that his Majesty did not honour it with his presence. Mr. Grant tells us an amusing story how, in 1863, he was in Teheran, and was presented to the Shah, but sickness overpowered him in the august presence of the Shah himself, and he had to retire summarily, when the Persians standing by Januaky 25, 1890.] THE GA I? I) EN El? 8' CHRONICL E. 113 exclaimed, " Behold the sight of the King of Kings has well-nigh killed the infidel." Little did that infidel then think that the next time he was to see the King of Kings would be at a Rose show in merrie England. Mr. Mawley's summary of the weather from a cultural point of view is, as usual, of great value. Reading and District Gardeners' Mutual Improvement Association. — The first annual meeting of this Association was held on the 6th inst. Mr. J. Pound, jun., read the annual report, which stated that the Association numbered 120 members. Fourteen meetings had been held during the year, and had been well attended. The Committee wished to thank Mr. A. Sutton for his kindness in granting the use of the room for meetings, those who had contributed to the success of the meetings by reading papers, and by exhibiting plants and various other produce, and those who had helped financially. The financial statement showed the receipts to have been £27 17s. 6d. and the expenditure £10 os. Gd. At the opening meeting of the Association next session, Mr. Wildsmith will read a paper on " Grapes." Flowers in Season.— We have seen recently some flowers of a fine large strain of Chinese Primula grown by Mr. W. Bull, New Plant Nursery, Chelsea, in which the colours were vivid and decided. The so-called blue was of a very deep hue, and the crimson and scarlet varieties excellent. The apparently finest novelty was one named oculata lutea, a flower with a large octagonal eye of a greenish sulphur tint, the lobes being white, epotted and flaked with crimson. The margin was boldly frilled. We cannot speak of the habit of the plants, flowers alone being observed. Some Bulbocodium Narcissus grown thickly in pans have been sent for our inspection by Mr. T. Wake, Hale Farm, Tottenham. Pretty things grown and flowered with little or no forcing, early potting being the chief secret of getting the bulbs to flower early. These slender plants always seem to want a carpet of something to spring from— say of Saxifrage, living moss, or the almost hardy Selaginella denticulata ; some seeds of dwarf grass sown at the time of potting would be better than the bare mould. Has anyone tried these in water like the Tazetta Narcissus mentioned recently in these ,iages? CHINESE GARDENS. — Moving onwards, says the Hon. Lewis Winueield, in his recently published book, Wanderings of a Globe Trotter, the traveller finds himself in a garden, with two or three small houses and some kiosks dotted among the foliage. Each house, it was explained, is for the use of a branch of the family, so that all may dwell together, and yet be in some sort independent. The garden is cut up into various levels by a tortuous and laby- rinthine rockery, made of clinkers and pieces of rough stone, varied by pools and canals, or, rather, puddles and gutters of dirty opaque water. There ia no attempt at lawn, or sward, or flower-bed. Flowers there are, and beautiful ones, in pots, and some of the shrubs bears blossoms. The landscape gardener seems to have set himself the task of seeing how many ups and downs he could introduce, how many funny little bridges, and passages leading nowhere. There is a kiosk at the extreme end of the pleasure-ground, poised on a height, in which is a valuable collection of vases of the Ming period, dusty and neglected. To arrive at this kiosk, it is necessary to cross at least half-a-dozen bridges, and to make as many ditcmrs on a space of ground whicli you should be able to cover in a dozen steps. GARDENERS ROYAL BENEVOLENT.— Our notice of the annual meeting of this Society last week was written when the meeting was still in progress, and before it was brought to a pleasant termination by a " friendly dinner." The Committee and the mem- bers had honestly won their right to enjoy them- selves, and this, under the genial Chairmanship of Mr. Edmund Yates, they managed to do. Nor were they so ungrateful as to omit their tribute of gratitude to " Cutleb." Alike at the formal and at the friendly meeting, the extraordinary services of the irrepressible Secretary were warmly — but by no means too warmly — acknowledged. Anyone who will take the trouble to read what we published last week, as to the progress of this institution, especi- ally during the last year, must be struck with astonishment at the amount of success which the Secretary, though now in his fiftieth year of ser- vice, achieved in promoting the interests of the Institution. RAILWAY RATES. Os Monday last a representative meeting of the trade was held at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, Westminster, to hear from the Secretary to the Nursery and Seed Trade Association a report on the progress of this inquiry, and to decide on what evidence should be given on behalf of the trade before the inquiry. Mr. John Harrison (Leicester) occupied the chair. He said that the present day was one eminently for trade combination, especially when trade interests were so seriously attacked as in the present instance. The powers possessed by the railway companies were very great, and their importance could be gathered from the fact that over 900 Acts of Parliament had been obtained by railway companies which possessed a mileage of 20,000 and a capital of £840,000.000. The object of the opposition which was being carried on was not so much to reduce the present rates as to prevent the railway companies obtaining the power to charge 20 to 50 per cent, more than they now did. With reference to " smalls," and the constitution of a " perishable merchandise class," he congratulated the meeting on the progress which had been made in favour of traders, and referred to the original claim of the railway companies to charge whatever they thought proper for the former. The question of terminals was a dillicult problem to solve. When a tradesman's business increased so that he had to enlarge his premises, he did not charge his customers with the cost, but this is what the railway companies were endeavouring to do, and that, whether the accommodation was required or not. He appealed to the trade to show, by their united action, that they did not intend to allow their interests to be injured. Mr. Qoodchild, the Secretary of the Association, reminded the meeting that when they met on .Muv 1 I last the matter was in its infancy, and no one could then tell what procedure would be adopted. The inquiry had by this time settled down into something like regularity, and so great was the progress made, that although the case for the railway companies had not vet been fullv opened, nearly 12,000 questions had been asked and answered, besides numerous speeches made by counsel. The question resolved itself into three branches :— (1 1 classification, (2) rates, and ('■'>), terminals. The second and third were of interest to all traders alike, whereas the first affected traders individually. It depended on the class in which an article was placed what rate would be applicable thereto, and it was upon this branch of the question that evidence would be required to be given, and considerable attention would have to be given to it. When once this was definitely settled, they would have the united opposition of all sections of traders to the amounts of rates proposed as maxima. He quoted from the evidence given at the inquiry to show the reasons alleged by the rail- way companies for naming such high rates, whilst they professed their intentions of never charging them, and pointed out the danger which traders ran if rates, admittedly unreasonable, should ever be sanctioned. After he had referred to various mat- ters in connection with the inquiry, and suggested the course to pursue, the discussion was continued by Mr. William Paul, Mr. G. Bunyard (Maidstone), Mr. W. C. Slocock (Woking), Mr. John Perkins (Northampton), and Mr. Poupart (Twickenham), and the following resolutions were carried :— " That this meeting, representing the nursery and seed trades of the kingdom, having heard the report of the Secretary to the Nursery and Seed Trade Association on the progress of the Enquiry now being held, hereby confirms the action taken by him, and instruct him to do all that is necessary with a view to protecting the interests of the trades, and also to instruct the solicitor to the Association to em- ploy counsel before the inquiry." " That this meeting urges upon all the members of the trade the necessity of contributing to the guarantee fund for the purpose of meeting the ex- penses consequent upon the opposition to the in- creasing of railway rates and charges." " That this meeting stand adjourned until February 11 next, or to such earlier date as the Secretary in his discretion may think necessary." A vote of thanks to Mr. Harrison for presiding at the meeting concluded the business. The Kitchen Garden. Asparagus. — Where a supply of Asparagus is in demand from the end of the year, it is necessary to make new plantations annually, and for forcing purposes it is not essential that the land should be so thoroughly prepared, as if permanent beds were intended to be planted. It should, however, be dug deeply and manured heavily with farmyard dung in a decayed state, and if it be light and well drained naturally, the young plants should be planted on the level at the proper time, or seed be sown in due season. Heavy or wet soils should, however, be well drained and deeply trenched, mixing in abundance of road scrapings, half-decayed manure, and rough rubbish heap stuff, and the beds should be raised several inches above the ground level by throwing out alleys of 2 feet in width, the beds being 4 feet in width. If the land has not yet been prepared, there should be no delay in putting it in readiness. Onions. — The ground for the main Onion crop should be deeply dug and well manured, the surface being left in a rough state ; and where the maggot is troublesome, give the surface a dressing of fresh soot occasionally, before finally preparing it for seed sowing. Hotbeds for Potatos, Carrots, jfc, should be made up, taking care to make them as firm as possible, and when their warmth has begun to increase put in the soil in ridges, but leaving the planting of Potatos and the sowing of seeds until the heat has declined to a safe point. Early Nantes is one of the best of the early Carrots for frame purposes. Potatos which were planted in the early part of the present month should get ventilation in favourable weather to secure sturdiness of growth, but the operation must be cau- tiously done, and in quantity accordingly as the out- side temperature is mild or otherwise. If the soil should get dry, afford tepid water, but on dung beds the soil will require no water for some time to come. Carrots now coming up will demand much attention as regards airing the frame, covering up at night, keeping the glass clean and stirring the soil between the rows. Thinning should be done early, otherwise crowding will ensue, and the plants become drawn and weak. Leave a chink of air on at night, to let out steam, and thus prevent damping. The temperature in these hotbeds need nut. exceed .r>0° at night with air. Mustard and Cress should be sown at intervals according to the demand, and sowing may be made in shallow boxes of light sandy soil, whicli should be pressed firmly, and a piece of board or slate put over the seed till it germinates. The boxes may stand in any house that is being forced, and removed to a cooler one as soon as the plants are fit for use. Chicory may be put into the Mushroom-house or a darkened frame, or, indeed, in any place having a temperature of not more than 00° and that is quite dark. A sowing of Lettuce to be cut or pulled when quite young will alford a grateful change in salads. flora radish.— In most gardens a fresh planting should be made annually, and the earlier in the year this is done the finer will be the roots at the end of the year. The ground for the crop should be deeply trenched, and enriched with well-decayed manure put at the bottom of the trenches, the pieces being planted at 14 inches apart each way. The sets may be straight pieces 10 inches long, and furnished with a crown. After letting the ground settle, tread it lightly when dry on the top. make holes with a dibbler, push in the pieces to the bottom, and fill up the holes with some fine soil, making all firm. H. Alarkhaia, Mereworth Castle Gardens, Maidstone. 114 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. Home Correspondence. HELLEBORUS NIGER V. ANGUSTIFOLIUS — The fine variety of Christmas Rose alluded to by " E. P." on p. 87 of your last issue under the above name is not, I believe, the plant made famous years ago by the late Miss Hope, of Wardie Lodge, Edinburgh, and named II. niger v. angustifolius by the late Mr. James McNab of the Edinburgh Botanical Garden. The Manchester plant has been largely distributed of late years by Messrs. Clibran & Son, and is, as your correspondent says, a very handsome plant. ■Grown in deep moist sandy peat, it is one of the very best of Christmas Roses. The true H. niger angus- tifolius of McNab is a plant now known as H. niger intermedius (= H. n. scoticus), a variety with red- dotted leaf petioles and flower stems, whereas the Manchester variety like the " St. Brigid " Christmas Rose of Ireland, has stems of a pale apple-green tint, without any red dots whatever. " R. P." is quite right in recommending H. altifolius (= H. n. maxi- mus) as the best Christmas Rose for cold or heavy soils, but the Riverston variety runs it very closely, being very vigorous, and producing whiter flowers ; those of H. altifolius being generally rosy tinted behind the sepals, i.e., rosy in bud. Some imported wild II. niger from Italy are very free and floriferous, as also is the French garden form known as Madame Fourcade, but one of the most distinct is Ware's II. niger rubra (Apple Blossom), which has narrow dark green leaflets and delicate rose-tinted -flowers. Mr. Walter Ware grows large quantities of a very fine variety, free and profuse in its snow-white •flowers, under the name of Bath Major, and there are now numerous fine garden seedlings which will become much appreciated when better known. Max Leitchlin has sent me several very fine seedlings, one of which begins to bloom in August, or six weeks before H. altifolius, which was before this our earliest Christmas Rose, flowering in October. I saw a batch of fifty fine seedlings flowering for the third season the other day, and some of them are very beautiful and distinct. We have a good many seedlings here, and find that they bloom at from twelve to twenty months after germination, so that one has not very long to await results ; as well grown in deep moist peaty or loamy soils in full sunshine, but with shelter from rough winds, but few winter blooming evergreen plants can compete with the hardy Christmas Roses. Two years ago I made a collection of twelve or fifteen varieties, and from these plants we have this season gathered thousands of fine blooms, from the shelter of frame lights overhead only, some nearly as pure as Eucharis blooms. We also had a few hundred imported roots collected in Austria, and among these there are some distinct forms, probably natural seedlings, at any rate far superior to the common old II. niger. There is just now a large demand for well-grown plants of the choicest varia- tions of this species, and it is likely to be a growing one. F. W. Surbidge. THE SILVER LEAF DISEASE OF PLUMS.— At the end of the summer one often observes on walls and Orchard trees, branches on which the leaves have become whitened, as if milk had been poured over them. It is a very unhealthy symptom of a disease peculiar, so far as I know," to the Plum, Cherry. Portugal, and other Laurels, Apricots, Almond and Peach, and effects the death of the affected branch, and often of the tree or bush. The disease appears in various localities, and under quite different con- ditions of soil, elevation, and exposure. It is probable that it is of fungous origin, the fungus causing this disarrangement of the sap vessels, for on examination of the roots of two stan- dard Plum trees two years ago, I found the root knotty, and of a foxy colour— a sure indication of disease. These roots were carefully cut away, the cuts dressed with the knife, the branches which showed signs of sickness being cut back, and the wounds sealed over. The soil was taken away and burned, fresh soil being placed around the trees, and now these are vigorous, and show no symptoms of former sickness. I operated in the same way on a fan-trained Victoria, 18 feet diameter, on a north-east wall, but less successfully, owing, I think, to my not having taken measures in time. On this tree the diseased branches were cut out annually, but nothing further was done. After operating on this, as previously mentioned with the standards, the side which was denuded of branches broke away very strongly, but gumming set «n, which seemed to show that the roots were not capable of sustaining it when the diseased sections of the tree were examined. Only a very small por- tion of wood or bark was found to be quite sound. If the leaves on diseased branches are dissected, it will be found that the skin is separated from the inner tissue. This, I conclude, is brought about by shrinkage of the green chlorophyll cells possibly from defective nutrition. I have come to the conclusion that once a tree is seriously attacked by silver leaf disease, the case is hopeless; but on the other hand, if taken in hand when the first symptoms show them- selves, the trees lifted, roots pruned and dressed, and fresh soil added, the trees will be restored to health. This overhauling of the roots should be done in early autumn. A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Has/cmere. [We have never detected any fungus, and a far more com- petent observer, the late Rev. M. J. Berkeley, was, as we know, equally unsuccessful. Ed.] THE EUCHARIS (BULB) MITE.— That plants in- fested with the insect known generally as the bulb mite may be cured I am convinced, for in two instances plants under my care which were infested with them recovered their healthy appearance. When I took charge of these gardens, the Eucharis (18 large pots) were greatly suffering from the insect, some having no leaves and others only four or five ; but now they are growing vigorously, sending up flower spikes. The plan I adopted was to shake out those bulbs which were without roots from the soil, the outer scale of the bulbs being removed. I then took powdered unslacked lime and fresh soot, in equal quantities ; and the bulbs after being washed thoroughly in warm water were rolled in this mixture. Those bulbs with roots had the soil carefully picked out from amongst them, were washed like the others, and then dusted over with the mix- ture. They were all of them potted in good loam, peat, and a little charcoal, only burying them just beneath the soil. After the potting was finished the pots were watered with warm water, and plunged in a bed of leaves in a warm house, and in watering them afterwards, manure was not afforded. I believe these bulbs are now quite free from the mite. The Eucharis suffers from attacks of mite as a result of improper cultivation. Sometimes the bulbs are allowed to remain in the soil until the pots become crammed with offsets and roots without any additional soil or pot-room being afforded, jnd in that state they are supplied with strong manure water which may and often does tend to render the soil unfit to support plant life. The roots then decay and the bulbs become diseased, soon forming in that condition a ready prey to insects. W. H. Stephens. [The mite is common on other bulbs, and is not found only on the Eucharis. — Ed.] THE GARDENERS ORPHAN FUND.— Mr. Deal invites practical suggestions as to the point raised by " G." in connection with the investment of so large a sum as £2525 in the funds, whilst orphans accepted by the committee as deserving cases for the fund are left uncared for. At the first election of orphans, ten were nominated and six elected, although five others were eventually put on the fund. Last year, out of fourteen candidates, only five could be elected, and nine were sent away empty and disappointed ; yet the committee had all this sum resting in the bank at the time. It is true that through a special effort later a sixth child was put on the fund last year, but still eight remained out in the cold. Is it the duty of the present generation to provide for its own orphans, or for those of the next generation ; or shall each generation provide for its own ? That is the problem for the committee to solve, and I hold that as long as there remains one accepted candidate unprovided for, the burden lies with the apologists for the funding principle to show the reason why Mr. Deal is strong upon having a reserve fund. What for? The committee have not a penny of responsi- bility beyond any one year. They have no costly institution, no staff of officers, no burden of any kind, beyond the orphans' weekly payments, and the respon- sibility for those continues only so long as funds are forthcoming, and those will come all the readier that it is shown that the committee are spending their in- come for the maintenance of the orphans of our friends and fellow gardeners, and are not hoarding it up for the benefit of generations yet unborn. Let the committee remember how, in the past, trust funds have proved to be either curses to those originally intended to benefit, and have been easily misappro- priated or misapplied. If we spend as we go, we shall leave nothing to promote corruption, besides which we shall care for our little ones, and leave the future, which every year shows is becoming richer and richer, to care for its orphans. But as a " practical suggestion " I invite the committee at the next general meeting to enable discussion to be raised upon rule 5, to which Mr. Deal draws our attention ; and permit amendments to it to be sub- mitted. If that were the case, I should be prepared to submit an amendment of the rule, inserting just before "all donations," the words "subject to a deduction of 25 per cent, to be applied to ordinary expenditure." All donations and legacies shall be invested, &c, omitting all reference to any portion of the annual subscriptions being invested, because no such clause should exist so long as there were more orphans nominated than could be elected. When the income from annual subscriptions exceeds the demands upon the fund, then some method of other- wise applying the surplus may be considered. The 25 per cent, should go a good way to help maintain several orphans, indeed last year's deduction should have been some £260. Alex. Dean. A PRECOCIOUS NUT TREE.— So early as January the 10th, I found here a Nut tree, literally in full bloom. It is a chance seedling, some ten years old, and growing in rather cold soil, so that this precocity is not induced by soil or situation. Close by are some Kentish Filberts, but these bid fair to be some two or three weeks later. Neither tree has a catkin upon it, whilst my seedling tree is full of these, and in the bright sunlight they glow with a golden hue. The absence of catkins in the Filbert bushes is unpromising, but still we have plenty of evidence that female flowers may become fertile when pollen is absent. [Will our correspondent please explain ? Ed.] The later catkins on the seedling Nut may, however, furnish ample pollen, as the bush is but a few yards from the others. I should like to learn whether the comparatively mild winter is making Nuts to bloom unusually early everywhere ; or whether it is not uncommon for some bushes to bloom freely as early as the 10th of January. It is true the prevailing mild weather may serve to fertilise the flowers, and perhaps prove more propitious in January than it will be in February. I have been looking over a short essay upon Filberts in a fruit book, and failed to find in it any mention of the blooming period. Probably it varies considerably according to season. The female blooms are large and rich coloured ; the catkins are fine also, so that evidences so far as they go are in favour of good fruit production. The late hardy fruit agitation has taken little notice of Nuts, and yet there is considerable profit attached to them if the soil and situation be fitting, and the trees are properly pruned and cultivated. It is not essential that chalk should be the subsoil, they will do well on clay and gravel if good cultivation be given. It is chiefly in Kent where very high cultivation is afforded, as in ordinary gardens Nuts are grown as free bushes. The fruit on the latter, however, is less valuable. A. D. [The earliest date cited in Roberts' Naturalist's Diary, p. xix, is January 14, for the common Hazel. The average of ten years from 50 localities, being January 27. Ed.] ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— I read the notes on the Committees, especially on the Floral Committee, as they appeared in your paper, and deter- mined to take no part in the discussion, for having retired from the Floral Committee and its chairman- ship, I have no longer responsibility ; but as Mr. Dyer (page 85) goes back to the reasons for the intro- duction of compulsory fellowship, I should like to state, as shortly as may be, the reasons why I and those who thought with me objected to this. I look upon the work of the Committees as the most valuable part of the society's operations, and as affording the best ground on which to ask new fellows to come in, and I think therefore that they should be as efficient bodies as possible, not only as judges, but also such as will command the confidence of the country, and that therefore they should con- sist of a fair proportion of amateurs, nurserymen, and gardeners, thus representing all classes of horticul- turists, allowing the exhibits to be considered from all points of view, and preventing ill-natured remarks, such as were not uncommon some years ago, as to the preponderating influence of some great London firms and authorities. To get the best Committee- men it is desirable to have as large a number as pos- sible to choose from. A very large acquaintanceship with gardeners of all classes makes me, I am sorry to say, know that there are really valuable men, not only professional, but amateurs, to whom a guinea subscription, in addition to other calls upon them, is what they cannot afford, and others who object to the Januaey 25, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 115 demand. I think if the society gets first-class unpaid judges to give their time and pay their own travelling expenses, that a complimentary admission ticket is well earned, and that it is shortsighted policy trying to get extra fellows by making the members of the committees subscribe. As a matter of fact, the Committees lost some good members who attended, on account of the compulsory fellow- ships. George F. Wilson. I ask permission to make a few remarks on one or two points in the Rev. W. Wilks' communication these nominations were made openly at the last meeting in the year. Nothing of the kind happens now. Mr. Wifks states that a special ticket was supplied to the members of the Committees. It is a singular fact that while I have heard of only some two members of the Floral Committee who received this ticket in 18S9, I know several— myself among them— who never had it. One member informed me that he received the ticket only on making applica- tion for it through a member of the Council. Con- sidering that many members of the Committee come ■ < Fill. 18. PYBUS UKTEHOPHYLI.A. subject. The annual meeting will afford an opportu- nity for its full discussion. Ed.] LILY OF THE VALLEY FOR FORCING.— Whicli are the best, English or Continental grown crowns? This is a question frequently put; and having forced the English grown crowns for some five years, I must say, that in my ex- perience, they are more generally reliable than those from the Continent. I enclose a photograph of a pot of Lily of the Valley— English— just as they turn out from the forcing frame, and we put about twenty-five crowns in a 48-pot, and it will be seen that there are very few faulty ones amongst them. I mav add that our crowns are got from .Tannoch's Lily "Nursery, Dersingham. W. Harrow. [Very good potful. No need to buy from the foreigner when such excellent roots can be grown here. Ed.] BIGNONIA RADIOANS.— One of the best plants of this climber that I have seen, is growing in the garden of Mrs. Smith, The Oaks, Emsworth, and is trained up the corner of the kitchen garden wall, which has a southern aspect. The plant is about 10 feet high, and flowers very freely every year, and makes vigorous shoots. The soil is light and sandy. E. M. of January 11 . He Btates that " many " of my assertions are utterly groundless. Let us see. By a " tax, I meant that no person can now Bit upon the iloral Committee unless he first becomes a Fellow of the Society. From the very first establishment of the Committees of the Royal Horticultural Society down to the end of 1888, the Council did not insist upon a Fellowship being an indispensable qualification to a seat on the Floral Committee. Not a few members of the Committees have to come from a distance, to bear the expense of travelling, and in some instances.to lose a day's business, in order to attend the meetings. The privilege of nominating to vacancies on the Committees did undoubtedly exist as you stated in your editorial footnote, and PYRTJS HETEROPHYLLA. This new plant (fig. IS) from the high mountains of Eastern Turkestan is not to be confused with the older P. (Sorbus). heterophylla of gardens, which is a bastard of S. arlmtifolia, and S. aria. The plant was discovered by Albert Regel, who sent fertile seeds to Dr. Dieck of the Zoeschen arbore- tum. The plants grew well, but have not yet borne flowers, so that the proper position of the species has yet to be determined. The plants raised from this seed show great variety of form in the leaves, some of them having leaves that are smooth at the margin ; others are slit and almost of thread-like form ; but the majority exhibit forms intermediate between these two extremes. If in stature the tree should reach to the height of the Mountain Ash, or other treelike Sorbus, an acquisition of considerable value will have beci me available to the landscape gardener. The tree having proved hardy in Northern Germany, will succeed in any part of these islands. We are indebted to the courtesy of Dr. G. Dieck for the illustration. from a distance at their own expense, I think the privilege of a modest luncheon was one honourably obtained. It had certain social advantages; one was that it tended to hold the members together until later in the day. Now the great bulk of the members disperse as soon as the labours of the Committees are over, and a sense of desolation prevails in consequence. It is the general custom with horticultural societies to give a luncheon to their judges, even when they pay them a fee. In the case of the members of the Committee at the present time, not only do they not partake of the hospitality of the Council as of old, but they actually have to pav to sit on the Committee. R. Bean, Ealing. [We think enough has now been said on this SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. Jandaky 14.— 1'resent : D. Morris, Esq. in the chair; and Professors A. II. Church, H. Marshall Ward', Drs. Hugo Miiller, M. T. Masters. Messrs. G. F. Wilson, W. II. Hlandford, R. McLachlan, F. Pascoe, and Albert Michael. Seakale. Roots.— Professor Ward reported that the specimens submitted to him at the last meeting were affected with the slime-fungus (Plasmodiophora), a fungus which does great damage to the roots of Cruciferous plants. Canker in Apple Trees.— The same gentleman reported on the specimens referred to him at the last meeting, but which presented no unusual features. Acari of Sugarcane.— Mr. Michael reported on mites affecting' Sugar-canes in Barbados. Contrary to anticipation, the acaroids belong to the family Oribatidte, and e'ither to the genus Notaspis or to Damiuus, having the appearance of the former, while the internal anatomy is more like that of the latter genus. The species' is allied to the English N. lucorum, but is probably undescribed. The creatures in question are strictly vegetable feeders, but have not hitherto been considered as inflicting any material damage to living flowering plants, bein" found more particularly on moss and lichens. Mr. ^Michael recommended that specimens of the infected cane slightly moistened, with the living Notaspis on them, shnuld be put into a tin box, sealed down to prevent diving, and thus forwarded in a suitable condition for further examination ; other Acari, of the genus Tarsonymns, and of extremely minute size, are known to be injurious to 116 THE GA R D E NE R S ' CHR 0 NI CLE. [January Sugar-cane. Tlie species of Damams are found under the bark of trees. Judging from analogy only, the mites in question would not seem likely to do much injury to living canes. Dactylop'ius (Mealy-bug).— Referring to a com- munication made to the committee on December 10, Mr. Morris now read a letter from Professor Riley on the use of rosin washes for bark-lice. " If," says Mr. Riley, " the insect is a Daotylopius, the Alex- andrians cannot do better than use one of the rosin washes with which we are spraying Icerya so successfully in California." The following extract from Insect Life contains a good formula for the purpose : — , . , " Rosin Wash for Red Scale.— In accordance with instructions, Mr! Coquillet has been making experi- ments with this wash against red-scale (Aspidiotus aurantii). and after twenty different tests made with various preparations, from July 17 to August 8, the one which gave the best results was found to be composed of rosin, 20 lb. ; caustic soda (70 per cent, strength), 6 lb. ; fish oil, 3 lb. ; and water to make 100 gallons. In preparing this wash the necessary materials were placed in a boiler and covered with water, and then boiled until dissolved, and stirred occasionally during the boiling. After dissolving, the preparation was boiled briskly for about an hour, a small quantity of cold water being added when- ever there was danger of boiling over. The boiler was then filled up with cold water, which mixed per- fectly well when added slowly and frequently stirred. It was then transferred to a strong tank and diluted with water to 100 gallons. Neither the leaves nor the fruit was injured, while a large proportion of the scales were destroyed. Those which escaped were either on the fruit or the underside of the leaves. The cost of the wash is 80 cents per 100 gallons, or four-fifths of a cent per gallon. An Orange tree 16 feet tall by 14 feet in diameter was given 14 gallons. This, however, seems to us to be an unnecessarily large amount, but upon this basis the cost of spraying per tree is 112 cents." From "Insect Life" Oct., 1889, p. 92, U.S. Department of The Winter Moth.— Mr. Wilson called attention to a communication in the Hereford Times of November 9, 18S9, as to the efficacy of greased bands as a check to the insect, and wherein Mr. Cranston 8ayS :_" I consider that the greasing process which is being adopted is injurious to the bark of the trees, especially to young trees. To the older trees it may possibly not do much harm, but I believe the old plan of painting the trunks of the trees with a solu- tion of quicklime is the best. Some use soot with the lime, but I don't know that the soot is of much consequence except to dull the white glare of the lime. The painting should be done in the autumn." Mr. McLachlan pointed out that the proposed trap to be affixed to the lamp-posts, in the case of suburban fruit plantations, would be practically use- less, as only the male insects would be thus cap- tured, the females being nearly destitute of wings, and incapable of flight. All attempts at stamping out the winter moth should be directed to the destruction of the females, which are capable of depositing eggs for many generations in succession without the intervention of the male. The capture of myriads of males would not have the slightest appreciable effect on the fertility of the untrapped females. Monstrous Cypripediums. — Dr. Masters showed drawings of twoCypripedia, in one of which the three sepals were separate, as in most Orchids, whilst in the others there was an adhesion between the median sepal, the lateral petal on the left side, and the lateral sepal on the same side, the adhesion of these parts being accompanied by corresponding adhesion of the labellum to the right lateral petal. The median stigma, G, 1, of the Darwinian notation, was also petaloid. Keteleeria I)avidiana..—Dr. Masters showed a cone sent by Dr. Henrv to Kew, from Ychang, and which has special interest as being intermediate in character between the Spruces (Picea) and the Silver Firs (Abies). It is congeneric with Keteleeria Fortunei, a tree introduced to this country from China, but which is too tender for general cultivation. It was announced that the next meeting will be held on February 11, after the annual meeting, and therefore, possibly, a little later than the usual hour, 4 p.m. EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. Jan. 9. — The Society met in the evening on the above date at 5, St. Andrew Square, Mr. Lindsay, President, in the chair. Professor Bailey Balfour gave a preliminary notice of the new Maine station instituted by the Scottish Fishery Board at Dunbar, where biological observations on plant, as well as on animal life, are to be prosecuted, and thus introduced a paper on the " Marine Algae of Dunbar," by Mr. G. W. Traill. Dr. G. M. Macfarlane then gave a communication, " On the Structure and Development of the Glands of Nepenthes. The following are the weather reports for the month : — "Report for December, 1889, on Temperature, at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh," by R. Lindsay, Curator. Like the preceding month, December has been remarkable for the extreme mildness of weather which prevailed. The thermometer was at or below the freezing point on eighteen occasions, the aggre- gate amount of frost registered being 70° as against 57° for the same month of 1888. The lowest read- ings occurred on the 4th. 23° ; 12th, 23° ; 22nd, 25° ; 28th, 25° ; 30th, 25°. The lowest day temperature was 35° on the 12th, and the highest, 55° on the 17th. On the rock garden the following species came into flower during the month, viz. : Iris sophonensis, Schizostylis coccinea, and Helleborus purpurascens var. The total number of alpine and dwarf-growing herbaceous plants which have flowered during the past year in the rock-garden, amounts to 1484, being 58 less than during 1888. The number of species which came into flower each month was as follows : January, 20 ; February, 27 ; March, 60; April, 134 : May, 380 ; June, 444 ; July, 258 ; August. 99 ; Sep- tember, 38 : October, 13 ; November, 8 ; December, 3 ; total, 1484. Tussilago fragrans, one of the forty plants whose dates of flowering are annually reported to the Society, came into flower on the 12th of the month. " Report on the Temperature, Vegetation, &c, in the Botanic Garden, Glasgow, for December, 1889," by R. Bullen, Curator. This has been a comparatively mild month, for although the thermometer has been at or below the freezing point on nineteen nights, the mean readings have been high for the month, varying from 32° to 22°, the latter being the lowest reading on the night of the 27th. Total readings, 61°. The day tempe- rature was invariably high, so that, although light frosts were frequent, vegetation is in an advanced state. A plant of Cydonia japonica against a west wall has many fully developed leaves. Fruit of hardy trees and shrubs have rarely been so scarce as this year. often vainly attempts to copy Nature, but he who knows best how to make the plants under his charge grow under artificial conditions, and fulfil the pur- pose for which they are cultivated, an end often widely different from that which the plant in Nature strives to attain. VEGETATION IN NATAL. The illustration, fig. 17, from the Natal Botanic Garden, Durban, and which has been kindly sent us by Mr. Medley Wood, supplies food for reflexion. Looked at from the mere point of view of osstheticism it is sufficiently striking, and may furnish hints as to grouping plants in winter gardens and similar large structures. It is interesting also in relation to the discussion going on in our columns at the present time. What would the rule - of - thumb gardener who had never seen one of these plants before in his life, one ignorant of Aloes and Encep- halartos, Dracaenas and Agaves, knowing nothing of their nature, of their construction and powers of adaptation, or of the conditions under which they grow naturally, what would such a man do if suddenly called on to undertake their cultivation in this country ? How could he find out for himself the treatment under which these^plants would best adapt themselves to the means at his disposal? On the other hand, supposing him to have a general knowledge of the conditions under which the plants grow in Natal, supposing him capable of appreciating the obvious relations between structure and function which these plants possess, would he not undertake the culture of these plants with a self-confidence which no mere empiricism could justify, and would he not arrive at a satisfactory result long before his purely empirical brother had finished his experiments, or his plants? The best gardener, as we have often insisted in these columns, especially when dealing with matters pertaining to vegetable physiology, is not he who slavishly and A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. I believe Mr. Dyer's convictions in this matter are a good deal the result of experience at Kew, in the cultivation of what I may term good test plants, ie., plants which are found wild under exceptional con- ditions which cannot be even approximately imitated artificially, and for which other and suitable con- ditions must be found. It will help us to understand the whole question better, I think, if the whole of the gardener's equip- ment for the management of all his plants is briefly stated. A complete garden contains a stove in which the maximum summer temperature is about 80°, and the minimum winter temperature 00° ; an intermediate house, maximum temperature, 75°, minimum temperature, 55° ; a greenhouse, maximum temperature, 65°, minimum temperature, 40° ; and a few unheated frames. There are also rockery, beds, and walls out-of-doors. So far as temperature is concerned these are all that the most complete gardens contain ; we have nothing more at Kew. Light can only partially be controlled ; we can reduce it by shading, but we cannot intensify it. On the other hand, all plants grown under glass obtain less light than those out-of-doors. Moisture can be to some extent controlled, but it is impossible to keep a perfectly dry atmosphere in winter without introducing other conditions, almost, if not quite as harmful, as moisture. Soils are made up of loam, peat, leafinould, sand, manures, and sphagnum. All plants in cultivation in England must necessarily thrive in one or other or a mixture of these. If the way to success in horticulture were only through a close imitation of Nature, then the number of plants capable of thriving under the artificial conditions provided in an English garden would be very limited. The fact is, horticulture so long as it was restricted to an attempt to reproduce natural conditions for cultivated plants, made a sorry mess of it. The history of Orchid culture in England is the best proof of this, and the same applies to all other departments of the garden. Horticulture is built up of traditions ; it is, as Mr. Dyer said, an empirical art. The men who have made the art of gardening what it is now, were gardeners, not botanists, nor men learned in the ologies, but practical men, who by dint of long practice and observation among garden plants, hit upon the best methods for their cultivation. If one is uncertain as to the best treatment for a plant, he does not apply to a botanist for help, but to some one who is known as a successful cultivator. Even the cabbage is found wild only by the seaside ; Armeria maritima is likewise a seaside plant. Mertensia maritima grew splendidly in an ordinary border at Kew until a weak dose of salt was supplied, which killed it. I know Lindley's Theory of Horticulture better, perhaps, than any other work on gardening, and 1 quite agree with Mr. Burbidge when he calls it "the book in which the very first principles of gardening are enshrined." Lindley's book is a sweeping together of all the traditions of good horticulture by one who in his long connection with the Royal Horticultural Society, of which he was Secretary, and also as founder and for many years Editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle, acquired a vast amount of information on cultivated plants. Anyone who reads the book can easily see where the gardener speaks, and where the botanist. This book is of the greatest value as containing explanations of what the gar- dener accomplishes, an exposition of the art as it was, certainly not any attempt to say what it should be ; it is in fact the work of a gardener. There are many men who combine botanical knowledge with horticultural skill, but I do mitknow that one of these can be called a better cultivator January 25, 1890.] THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE, 117 than many who know nothing or very little of botany. One need not mention names, but it would be easy to single out a dozen of the very best culti- vators in all departments of horticulture, who know little if anything of physiology or geographical botany. A knowledge of the principles of botany would be useful to a gardener, just as all knowledge is useful, but I doubt if gardening as an art would be a gainer. I know something of the two classes of gardeners, viz., those with a training more or less botanical — such as for instance the continental gardeners, trained in schools of gardening, and those whose training has been in good gardens and limited to cultivation, and I know that as a rule the latter is a much better gardener tlinn the former. It will be understood that I am dealing only with the essentials to good gardening, and not with the gardener as an educated man. Botanists igno- rant of the principles of horticulture, are often a positive hindrance to the gardener. There appears to be a tendency to call everything botany that is not merely routine gardening — I call that nonsense. Knight was a gardener, as also were Herbert, Miller, the McXabs, and Dr. Moore, in all their work among living plants ; whilst among living men, who does not recognise in Professor Foster, Sir William Bowman, Dean Hole, Canon Ellacombe, Mr Elwes, and Mr. Dyer, the gardener, setting about the work of cultivation just as empirically as the man who first planted Saxifraga umbrosa in a London backyard. I wonder if Mr. Heale, who is so successful with the new plants introduced by Messrs. Veitch, bothers much about geographical botany ?— or Mr. Bull's new plants man, or Mr. Low's, Mr. Williams', or, indeed, anyone who has to treat a new and untried introduction? At Kew we receive dozens of m-w plants every year, but beyond the information that the seeds or plants are from China, or Java, or rndia, or the West Indies, or Brazil, we know nothing. Indeed, if one goes to the Herbarium, and looks up all the information to be obtained from Bpe- cimen-sheets or books, it is rarely of any practical value. There are certain fundamental facts which we must know, such as whether a plant u aquatic, or terrestrial, or epiphytal, although even this last has proved of little moment. Does anyone pretend to say that a flower-pot half filled with crocks and then filled up with peat is anything like an imitation of the naked bough or trunk of a tree, such as most epiphytal Orchids are found growing upon ? Almost all Bromeliads are epiphytes, but we grow them in a strong soil such as suits Dracaenas. Anyone who cares to, may trace the gradual development of the present principles of Orchid culture from all kinds of experiments and blunders. Mr. 101 wes thinks the opinion of gardeners who have travelled will differ from that of gardeners who have not ; I do not think it will. If a gardener has been properly grounded in the principles [practice ?] of Knglish horticulture, they will stick to him. Amongst Orchid cultivators I may name Mr. Sbuttleworth, Mr. Horsman, Mr. (J. T. White, who have seen Orchids in a wild state, but who nevertheless culti- vate them here in the usual way. A botanist who has travelled and returns full of Nature's gardening, will probably do a frightful amount of mischief in his attempts to imitate Nature before he comes to know that "Nature and cultivation deal with problems which have scarcely anything in common." It is significant that even in the tropics where orchid cultivation is attempted, English peat and sphagnum are imported for the purpose. Mr. Pant- ling, of Darjeeling, now on a visit to Kew, informs us that Vanda crerulea cannot be cultivated as well in India as it is grown in England. We are more successful at Kew in the cultivation of Dendrobium McCarthiai than Dr. Trimen is in Ceylon, the home of this grand species. The treatment of this plant leads me to the question of rest, discussed by Mr. Dyer, The Brainea mentioned by him is only one out of hundreds of cases in which the treatment of Ferns with regard to rest is just the opposite of what Nature affords, tyr. tyorris is astonished to find BO many West Indian filmy Ferns growing under cool treatment at Kew. The following are examples of plants recently introduced to Kew, and grown and flowered here under conditions very different from the natural : — Sarras (Acanthosicyos horridus). In vol. i. of the Journal of the Horticultural Society, p. 201, will be found an account of this plant by Dr. Lindley. It is a native of Walvisch Bay, and grows in hot, dry sand. Seeds of it were procured and sown at Chiswick, and the treatment was as near that of Nature as could be devised. Several sowings were made, but all the plants died when a few days old. Dr. Lindley wrote, " There now remains no problem in horticulture more difficult to solve than the way of preparing skilfully our artificial climates for the inhabitants oi that heated atmosphere, intense light, heavy dews, and barren soil of South Africa, where the nails of the hand curl back and split in the season of dryness.'' Let me commend this extract to those who say a knowledge of natural conditions is indispensable. By the side of it I will place for comparison the details of Kew treatment for the Narras : hous,- running north, south; temperature, summer 7o3 maximum, winter, by minimum. Narras sown in a bed of sandy loam, which is moist all the year round. The plant is now five years old, and in perfect health. I believe myself that age only is necessary to its flowering. is. Plants of this at Kew are now nine vears old. They were obtained from seeds sown in a hot, moist house, and afterwards removed to where the Narras now stands. This plant grows only in the sandy deserts of Damaraland, where the conditions are similar to those of the Narras. Mr. Monteiro had lived amongst the WelwiUrhia, and knew well us natural conditions. He took seeds of it to Portugal, and tried to grow them there, but his seedlings died soon after germination. Mucuna ma robotryt is a Chinese climbing legume, with immense cluster! of cream-coloured Bowers, 17 inches long by ID inches through. Mr. Westland, ol Hon.; Kong, who found this plant and sent it to Kew, remarked that " it would make a grand creeper for the Kew Palm-bouse." We planted it there and it died, killed evidently by heat. A second plant was then tried in the temperate house, win re it is now over 20 feet high, and in perfect health. Cam is a magnificent legume from West Tropical Africa, which has not yet (lowered in Europe. At the request of Sir Joseph Booker, 1 looked up all the information available at the Her- barium, with a view to imitating the natural con- ditions of this plant. Possibly failure resulted from my stupid attempt to reproduce natural conditions ; at any rate, the plant languished and died. Then I tried rich garden treatment for a stove climber, with the happy result that we have now a grand plant of much promise. nia locoirana was introduced from Socotra to Kew by Dr. 15. Balfour in 1880. The few scraps of bud-like tubers were planted at once in good Begonia soil, and eventually the plants flowered. They had been all the time in a moist stove. I con- fessthatl did not then know, nor do I now, the natural conditions under which this plant grew ; but when Dr. Balfour saw the Kew plants, he was astonished at the conditions under which we had produced plants larger and finer than any he had seen wild. Impatient Sultani proves to be a good greenhouse plant, but it came as a waif to Kew from Zanzibar, and we grew it in a dry stove. A comparison between the figure in the Sot. Mag. and a plant grown in the greenhouse will show that we were wrong. Xanthorrha i quadrangulata had often been sent from Swan River Territory to Kew, and killed by treatment which was an imitation ot the hot arid sandy conditions of that region. In 1884, plants were again received ; these may now be seen luxuria- ting in the winter garden under precisely similar treatment to that of Sikkim Rhododendrons. Ranunculus Lyalli, Streptocarpus Dunnii, Rosa berh-erifolia, Al'istolochia Goldieana, Aneraoni Fanninii, Gerbera Jamesoni. — These are plants whose treatment at Kew has been successful, though quite different from that afforded them in a wild state. One might almost challenge any of the sticklers for Nature as a guide to show a single case of an exotic plant in cultivation receiving treatment identical with the natural. If I might be allowed to venture an opinion on a subject not exactly in my line, I should say thai the great lesson taught by the horticulture of to-day is this: Plants in a state of Nature appear to be re- stricted to certain areas prescribed by certain con- ditions, the variety of such conditions being almost as endless as the variety of plant life. At first sight it might be thought that the conditions peculiar to each plant were essential to its well-being, but horticulture has proved that almost all plants may be accommodated in a garden in a comparatively small island under conditions which can only be varied materially in regard to temperature. Even in temperature it has been proved that Nature is extravagant. We grow better Ericas in England than Nature does in Africa, in spite of her tempera- ture of XP or more in the shade, her burning sands, and her clear atmosphere. IV. Watson, Kew. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, January '23 Brs-ixKss very dull, ami prices of imported goods much lower. Grapes realising better values. James Webber, Wlwlesale Apple Market, FBUIT.— AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. s.d. s.d. I s. d. s. d. 1 6- 7 0 | Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 10-16 — St. Michael, each 2 0-60 Apples, J-sieve Nov:. Seotia.brl.12 0-2 | r iOOlb. ...140 0- i.r ipes, pe» lb. ... 2 o- Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Price r. d. s.d. Aralia Sieboldi, don. 6 < Aaj i,|:st ria, doz. ...18 :i plants, each 7 A r ileas, various, ouch 2 Begonias, dozen ... 4 t ".n Lsl mas trees, doz, i Chrj - inth , dozen ... ft Cyclamen, do/-ea ...15 OyptTiis, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — riridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, perdoz.12 Euuuymus, in var., per dozen 6 ' Evergreens, in var., per dozen ... ... 6 I 0-21 0 0-15 0 0-24 0 0-12 0 0-60 0 0-24 0 0-18 0 doz. S 0-24 0 no en 4 Ficus elastiea, each . 1 Foliage plants, varj- Hyacinths, p. doz ... 9 Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots IS Marguerites, doz. ... 6 I Palms in var., each 2 ' Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 Soman Hyacinths, per dozen pots ... 9 Solanums, per dozen 6 Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Pricks. s.d. s.d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ...20-40 Azaleas, do/, sprajs o i»- 1 ij Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 ('.ill, * Hm.in.a.U'bl. 4 0-80 I'.un, Llias, white, doz. 2 0-40 — various, per doz. 10-20 Carnations, i- blms. 10-20 Chrvsanth., 12 bun. 4 0-12 0 Chrysanth., 12 blms. 0 6-30 Cyclamens. 12 blms. 0 4-09 Daffodils, doz. blooms 10-20 Enohaiis, per dozen 3 0-5 0 Gardenias, 12btoomf12 0-24 0 Heliotropes, 12 spr. "6 10 Lilac, white,Fr.,boji. 5 0-70 Lilium, var., J2bl.... 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 6-10 Maiden Hair Fern, 12buu 4 0-90 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0- 4 0 — French, per bun. 16-20 Okchid-bloi Nan ms rites. 12 bun. 3 I , paper-white, French, doz. bun. 3 ( — Eng., doz. sprays 0 ! Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12spr 0 S Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 < Roman Hyacinths, Eng., doz. sprays... 0 i Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 t — coloured, dozen. 2 ( — French, dozen ... 1 ( — red.perdozen ... 2 ( — Safrano, dozen... 1 * Spirea, doz. sprays... 1 I Stephanotis, 12 epr. 9 I Tuberoses. 12 bims.... 1 t Tulips, doz. blooms. Violets. 12 bun — French, bunch , — Parmi, bunch .. .1 in variety. 0- 2 i 0- 2 ( 6- 2 < VEGETABLES. — AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES. i. d. $. d. Asparagus, English, )„■; 1-0 , French. lb Beet, red, per dozen Carrots, per bunch... Cauliflowers, each ... Celery, per bundle ... Cucumbers, each ... Endive, per dozen ... Herbs, per bunch ... Leeks, per bunch .,, Lettuceg. per dozen... Mushrooms, punnet Potatoes — Market t. d. t. d Mustard and Cress, 8 0-10 0 punnet 0 4- ... 0 9- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... 0-2 0 Parsley, per bunch .. 0 6- J... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... 0 3- ... Seakale, puunet ... 2 0- ... 16-20 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 10-16 Spinach, ppr bushel... 4 0- ... 2 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Brusael Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- ... Tonaatoa, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turuipa, per bunoh, 1 6- ... new 0 4- ... qni*t, bTjt. no alteration in prices sjnci 118 THE GAFDEXEBS' CHRONICLE. [January 25, 1890. SEEDS. London : Jan. 22. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that there is now greater disposition shown to purchase farm seeds. The chief inquiry has lately run upon fine home-grown red Cloverseed, of which the supply is short. American and Continental samples con- tinue exceedingly cheap. Alsike and white now exhibit a substantial advance from the lowest points. Rye-grasses are cheaper than ever before known. For winter Tares there is an improved trade. Good black Rapeaeed is wanted. Canary and Hempseed offer at tempting rates. For blue Peas and Haricot Beans values are steady. FftTJIXS AND VEGETABLES. Stratford: Jan. 22. — The supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : — Cabbages, Is. to 2s. Gd. per tally; Savoys, 3s. to 5s. do.; Cauliflowers, 3s. to 7s. do. ; Turnips, 25s. to 35s. per ton ; Carrots (house- hold), 30s. to 40s. do.; do. (cattle feeding), 20s. to 24s. do. ; Parsnips, 40s. to 50s. do.; maDgolds, 14s. to 18s. do. ; Swede3, 15s. to 18s. do ; Onions, English, 1 8( Is. to 200s. do ; do., Dutch, Gs. Gd. to 7s. Gd. per bag; Apples, English, 2s. to 6s. per bushel ; Water- cress, Gd. per dozen ; Brussel Sprouts, Is. Gd, to 2s. 3d. per flat ; do., Is. to Is. GUI. per half sieve ; Celery, 3>. to 8s. per dozen rolls; Spanish -Onions, 6s. to 7s. !'■'. per case. Spitalfields : Jan. 22.— Good supplies of all kinds, but a heavy demand. Potato trade exceed- ingly quiet. Prices were as follows :— English Apples, 4s. io 8s. per bushel ; Nova Scotian do., 14s. to 21s. per barrel ; Bordeaux do., 7s. to 9s. Gd. per case ; foreign Tomatos, 2s. per box; forced Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen bundles ; Seakale, lOd. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Curley Kale, Od. to Is. 3d. per bushel; Cabbages, Is. 3d. to 3s. per tally; Savoys, 2s. to 4s. do. ; Cauliflowers (Cornish), 4s. to 4s. Gd. do.; Guernsey do., \)d. to Is. per dozen; Guernsey Radishes, Gd. to Is. per dozen bunches ; Turnip-tops, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per sack ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. Gd. per half sieve ; Turnips, Is. . Mi, Hand O, unities ; 6. England, S. rincipid Grazing Ac, Districts — 7. Scotland, W. ; S England. N.W. ; 9. England. S.W.; 10, Ireland, N 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. Law Notes THE PROSECUTION OF A SALESMAN. Frederick Wise, late of the Flower Market, Covent Garden, was again charged at Baw Street before Sir James Ingham on Thursday last, with having obtained goods by means of false pretences from various people. Further evidence was gone into with regard to the two cases already mentioned (p. 89), after which evidence was taken with refer- ence to goods obtained under similar circumstances from Mr. Simmons, of Sandbeck Park, Rotherham. The case was ultimately again adjourned till next Tuesday. Notices to Correspondents. Books : ./. B. Hood's Warming and Ventilating of Buildings is published by Messrs. Simpkin Marshall & Co., London. Wre do not know the price Cypripedium LeeanumX: if. T. Both specimens are referable to this hybrid variety. Scarcely two individual plants are quite alike." Distance apart foe Gros Colmar Vines. — For such a vigorous Vine the greater distance you name would be preferable. Crowding Vines does not result in heavy crops. French Asters : Aster chinensis. Apply to M Truffaut. Versailles, " London Purple " : R. This is stated to be the arsenical residue left in the manufacture of magenta dyes. Paris green is an aceto-arsenite of copper. Both are dangerous poisons, and their use should be attended with the utmost care. Muscat of Alexandria Vines in Bloom : H. B. P. The temperature in which the best " set" may be obtained is one of about 65° as the maximum, and 62° as the minimum at night, and during the day 70° to 55°, the higher temperature on sunny days with air. Names of Fruit: J. C. Apples: 1, Winter Peach; 2, Hambledon Deux-ans. Pear not recognised. — ■ J. M. Pear very much bruised — .probably Chau- montelle. Names of Plants: Guernsey. Parietaria officinalis, said to contain nitre. — H. J. R. Gomesia crispa and G. planifolia belong to Vanda;, and are not found in gardens. Humboldtia, a synonym of Pleurotballis The Bulbophyllum named is not found in gardens. Bifrenaria inodora, B. tenui- glossa, order VandiE, are not worth growing. — E. A. M. 1, Agropyrum cristatum ; 2, Danthonia curvifolia ; 3, Danthonia trichotoma ; 4, Bigelovia graveolens. The other plant you mention is, no doubt, Panax longissimum. — F. S. Cyperus Meyerianus. — R. B. E. Autholyza cethiopica var. bicolor, Gaspar. — A'. F. Pteris longifolia. — F. S. M. Lycaste costata, not uncommon. Narcissus Boils: D. They are affected with a common pest, the grub of a two-winged fly, called Merodon narcissi. Destroy the affected FKt. 19.— MKHODON XAKC1--1 : 1'IIK NAHI'ISSUS FLY. bulbs. We do not know how else to cope with the enemy. ( (fficebs of Royal Parks in and about London : The names of these officials are to be found in Whitaker's Almanack, but not in the horticultural directories. Superphosphate of Lime, Carbonate of Potash, &c. : J. T. These manures, and the others named in your note, may be bought of any dealer in arti- ficial manures. The prices vary somewhat, and may be ascertained from the dealers. To TritN a Standard Rose into a Climbing One: H. B. Select a few of the strongest shoots of a rampant-growing variety, cut away the re- mainder, and train them to the fence or trellis after cutting off their tips. Keep all weak shoots that may spring from the old wood at the base cut away. The leading shoots will then make good progress, and in future years they may be shortened back somewhat, and allowed to develop to the desired extent. *.* G. should send his name and address. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Dicksons (Limited), Chester — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Clues Bros., 23, Market Street, York— Seed List. William Fell & Co., Wentworth and Fellside Nurseries, Hexham — Spring Seed Guide. Barr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. — Hardy Herbaceous Peren- nials, &c. Fisher, Son, & Sibrat, 4, Market Street, Sheffield — Seeds. John Green, Norfolk Nurseriei--. Dereham— Seeds, and Plant'., January 25, 1890.] THE GABDEXEB 8' C HBO XI < ' I /;. 119 Jas. Wji. Mackey, 23, Upper Sackville Street, Dublin, Ireland — Seed Catalogue. Daniels Bros., Royal Norfolk Seed Establishment, Norwich — Amateurs' Guide. Ben. Reed & Co., Aberdeen, N.B.— Spring Seed List. J. Cartes & Co, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. — New Chrysanthemums. Alex. Lister, Meadow Bank, Barone Koad, Rothesay, N P> . Vegetable and Flower Seeds. William Uossiter, Paignton — Garden Seeds. Ireland & Thomson, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds and Hybrid Gladioli. F. C. Heinemann, Erfurt, Germany — Seeds and Plants, Novelties, &c. J. E. Barnes, Great Eastern Seed Stores, ',), Exchange Street, Northwich— Seeds. Kent & Brydon, Darlington — Seeds. Oakenhead & Co., 86, Patrick Street, Cork — Spring Catalogue. Uowden' & Co., Inverness, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. W. Smith & Son, 18, Market Street, Aberdeen, X i'.. — Seeds, Plants, &c. Thomas Laxton, Bedford — New Seeds, Potatos, &c. Du k^ons & Co., 1, Waterloo Place, Edinburgh, N.B.— Seeds. Livtle & Ballantyne, Carlisle— Flower and Vege- table Seeds. W. B. Hartland, 21, Patrick Street, Cork— Seeds. Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon — Vegetable and Farm Seeds. Betts, Barker & Co., Burton-on-Trent — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — Vege- table and Flower Seeds, &c. Pei eh Henderson & Co., 35 and 37, Cortland Street, New York. I'.S.A. — Everything for the Garden ; Farm .Manual. Thomas Imrie & Sons, 137, High Street, Ayr, N.B. — Seed List. Wm. Ci m.i mi & Son, Bigbgate Nurseries, Highgate, N. — Garden and Farm Seeds, &c. Mi N ai h Bros., Accomack Nurseries, Onley, Acco- mack Co., Va. — Plants, Roses, Fruits, &c. Kiios. & Co., 65, Scotch Street, Carlisle — Garden Seeds. M. Cuthbkrtson, Rothesay, N.B. — Annual Cata- logue. .1. Bai chouse & Son, The Nurseries, York— Seeds. John 1'eukins & Son, 52, Market Square, North- ampton— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Sami i i xATBS, "■"', Shudehill, Manchester — Seeds, &c. Bourne & Son, Beckington, Somerset— Garden and I it in Seeds, Plants, &c. .Iahman & Co., (hard, Somerset— Seed Manual. TO & Millard, Royal Counties Sted Estab- lishment, Beading— SeeMs, Archibald Findlay, Markinch, N.B. New < \V. Thompson, 34 and 36, Tavern Street, Ipswich — Supplement to Flower Seed Catalogue. Dobbie .V Mason, 66, Deansgate, Manchester — Seeds, \Yiu [AM Hi i i . 5 6, Ring's Road, Chelsea, S.W. — Vegetable ami Flower Sei ds. \V. 1'. Lai uii & Sim i mil 73. Nethergate, Dundee. \ B. Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Alexander Lister, Meadow Bank, Barone Road, Rothesay, N.B, Vegetable and Flower Seeds. < i i ii '. i i i l 'i i i n i.l..— IX S.—D. P.— \V. T. T. I).— B.B.— Oui Now York Correspondent.— J. B.— 0. L. W.T. i . P.Ghent. II. H. lin.-W. W.— W. B. II. -.1. <>. w.— L. R.— L. R. J. — II. V.-(i. .1. H .— A. O, It.— C. S.- II. E.— Montpellier.— G. P.— T. li.-G. N.— W. G.S.-M. D.— L. L., -G. s.. Bruwells.— J. A.-Ch. D. B.— G land.— H. W. W.-D. S. M.— J. S.— J. R.-A. D.— W. B 3. Martin Hull. -W. li.-T. C.-Observer (next week).— W. W.-H., Canterbury, N. Zealand.— A, 11 - Albreda, W. F., next week,— Max Leichtlin. Enquiries. " He that quest 'tt learn much." — Bacon. 1'iiiiMHA : Can anyone tell me where I could procure some specimens of Pilulaiia? D. II. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE HORTICULTURAL AND BO- TANICAL SOCIETY.— We learn that the annual dinner of this Society is to be held on Thursday, January 30, at ' the. Arboretum, Nottingham, at 6.30 p.m, per cask. Selected, in Turves. 10s. per cask. Specially selected for HARDWOOD and STOVE PLANTS, 8*. per cask. For FERNS and GENERAL USE, from 5*. per cask. By the yard or truckload. Special Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station. Splendid Yellow Fibrous Loam, F.O.li. Surrey, Ids. per ton, in truck'oads. BONES for VINE BORDERS, fresh, raw, crushed, ; to \ inch Meal and Flour, Char- coal, Peat and Wood Ashes. WOOD S SON'S Prize Manures and other Specialties. Sampie3 and Price List forwarded on application. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., I GREEK, LONDON, X. FOR PLANTS. QUICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. Plant Food i . carefully prepared with the view oi supplying i manure which shall contain all Plant Life, and al !. IN ACTION, LASTING, AND EOONOM1 • I. . i r meed that, whil ared by u .: to I he pi mi . e where -i manure is re Cd. and 18. Pa . an SE [LED BAGS:— 71b. 281b, o-i Ih. 1121b. 2s. 6d. 4s. Gd. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade Mark and also im] il al tai hed to the mouth of A sivii e Packrt will elpl o( it. by the Manufacturer— S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO fn\ \ i:i I in\ WITH I.V1 OTHER FIRM. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, led to the Royal < I RUS31 1. MATS ' 9 H i ins, by I ft. it im., :• ..... ii . , i . . i .i ... ; n. bj 3 ft, t Ins . lis. doz. 9PBCIALITE rOBACCO PAPER, IM. per lb., 28 lb. for 21». i"i,\ LOTH, I J. perlb . 281b toi 6 ORCHID PEAT, Bl. per sack. PEAT, LOAM, SAND MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. P I. i-i free. — W. HERBERT' AMD Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.K. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Aroh- • angel Mats lower than any othor honse in the trade; also ■ Mats, and Mat Bag*, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, andShadin r frei -4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, ami Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-r.ii-.on.m-i I'amts for Inside of Conservatories, See. LA BELLB SAUVAGE YAKD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN'.— Discount for Cask. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. id. each ; 10 sacks, ll's.ivl.; 1 ,s sicks, 17s. tkf., 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 10 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck- load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6xi« /w\.-a\:- H0X1S 1 W ilxlrt/'/.V^ 16XU V-ljJ^ 80X18 ffiiiM|U»l a3x" jny^ s'"*' 21-oz. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, iu toxes ef 100 feet and 200 feet super. English. Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered i . ■ . ,:- mid sound in the country, iu quantit y. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY/' Own .Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, oil, and COLOUB Merchants, S4, St. John Street, V/est Sniithneld, London, E.C. Stook List, end Prii application. Please, te Chronicle. Greenhouse Fires, Stoves, &c. ' JIALL CUKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, ) delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. .1. EVESON. Coke Contractor. Birmingham. G1AKDEN REQUISITE S.— T Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, llamboo Canes, Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AHB SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. CIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three fo7:.^ O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for Is. id. Eighth .inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Ourte or Cabinet .and Postal Order, and -in about ten days you will teceivo Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS and CO., 29, Ludgste Hill, London, E,C, - 120 THE GARDENEriS' CHRONICLE [January 25, 1890. CHEAP FRAM E S, PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. T> HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw la • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England: £ , rf 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage ) 2 0 0 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J »»« (326 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 cales f 4 15 ° 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( PR E E. J 8 10 0 Larger sites at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. Royal Horticultural Works. Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skklton. Seedsman. &c, 2, Holloway Road. N. COVERED WAY ESPALIERS. MAKER of COVERED WAY and OTHER ESPALIERS. Wall Wiring for Fruit Trees. VINE and PEACH TREE TRELLISES. Conservatories fitted up wi th Trell is, Flower Stands, Baskets. &c. Maker of (he WADDESDON PLANT TRUCK— one of the mo-t useful articles in a Garden. Strained Wire Fencing. Rabbit-proof Wire Fencing. GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. AVIARIES and PHEASANTRIES Plain or Ornamentally constructed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works, BEAUFORT STREfcT. CHELSEA. S.W. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 73. —SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This is a very strong and handy Frame, 14 inches high at the sides, and 27 inches at the ridge. The Lights turn quite over, are fitted with set-opes and stays, and are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. \ f £2 15 0 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash | 4 7 6 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ ( Prices. 5 17 6 4 „ „ 1G „ by 6 „ /Carriage 7 7 0 5 „ „ 20 „ by 0 „ paid. 8 17 6 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ / ' 10 7 0 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of nil our manufactures, including CON- 3ERVATORIES. GREENHOUSES. FRAMES. BOILERS. HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS. POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, WON FENCING, WW NETTING, *«. DISTRIBUTOR Cha ith "XIXLMRIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices on application to THE "STOTT" FERTILISER & INSECTI- CIDE COMPANY (LIMITED). BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. VULCAN IRONWORKS, WINCHESTER. THE VULCAN HIGH DUTY HYDRAULIC RAM Is the most efficient, self-acting Pump. It will force water from streams or springs on low levels to tanks or reservoirs on hills, &c. It saves all water cartage, and is always at work, requiring no attention. All that is necessary is a small fall from a spring or stream, say 24 inches, when'water can be forced to heights varying from 200 to 300 feet, and 2 m'les distant. Estimates sent free for Driving and Fittingup Tube Wells and Pumps, Deep- well Pumps. Fixed and Portable Garden Pumps, &c, and for Laying Domestic Water Supply PORTABLE GARDEN PUM? Address: H. P. VACHER, VULCAN IRONWORKS. WINCHESTER. rRilTToil CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND CLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it is applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and "Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or Benjn. Edgington, London Bridge, s.e. Note.— The words " FRIGI DOMO " are registered under the Trade Marks Act. and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded agaiust. Death and Disablement by Accident. 'HE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY .ssures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hou. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invented Capital and Reserve Fund. £385,000. Compensation paid. £2.750.000. West End Office I— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :-»**. Cornhill. London. E.C. V/lLLJAM J, MAN, Se reten BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS. APPLES, &c, 5 feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard Terminal Po-ts. with Rnidisseurs. 12s. tW. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of wire, 4i. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseure, 8>. td. each. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, tj feet hi"h. eight wrought bars, } inch diameter, 4s. per yard COVERED WAY ESPALIER. 8 feet high. 5 feet span, its. M. per yard. WALL F.TTINGS, Raidisseurs. one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, 5a". per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks. 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each ; 4 feet high, Is. 9d. each ; 6 feet high, 3s. «d. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES Japinned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3d. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high, 4s. 6rf. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS. 18 inches wide, in 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS. 5s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span, 8s. 6rf. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Garden Implements for all purposes made by ou'selves. Catalogues of all our Manufactures Free. B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH. BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we sold during 1888. of our O design BEDSTEADS and WOODS- PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined. 3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis- count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs," to THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington. AWKINS' " PERFECTION " or DRY SYSTEM of GLAZING is the best. No skilled labour required, no exit of hot air. no drip, and much cheaper than any other. Sample frame (double) 8 feet by 6 feet, with t wo glazed lights, 21-oz. glass for 45s. CHEAPEST HOUSE in the world for all kinds of Glass Erections. Note the following :— 100x20, £90; 60 X 15, £S2; 40 X 12, £40. E-timates free. T. HAWKINS, Ashford, Middlesex. LI G N O L I N E. — Best preservative of wood against adverse influence of climate, dampness of soil, &c. Arrests decay, absolutely destroys all fungi-growths, and forms a permanent external protection. It leaves a brownish colour upon which any other colour can be laid. Price in casks. 22s. 6d. per cwt. ; sample tins, 2s. 3d. per gallon, delivered in Manchester and London. EDWARD SCHERY. 134. Deansgate. Manchester. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. HIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all Vegetables. By William Earlev, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms/' '* How to Grow Asparagus," Sec, Sec Crown 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price 4s. 8d. MRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION to the FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to th« Management and Adornment of Gardens of every si/.e, A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price 7s. ON GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price Is. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS, A popular explanation of the best Method of Culture , By William Eahiey. Price Is. stitched. HOW TO GROW MUSHROOMg. By William Eablet. Price Is. stitched. London : BRADBTTiy, AOKEW. ivn CO., f», Bouver,? Street, EC -',..... .1 Jantaby 25, 1890,] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 121 PUD T /%T?T^W7 THE LARGEST AND OLDEST VlifVi Lu\J E\ Cj k\ AU , GERMAN SEED HOUSE, ERFURT. ^H FWer ana" Vegetablt .Seed* are -applied Pott-free, ani arrive ic-ithin 10 Aiys rr/Jer receipt o/ OAr. A* O JT HEADY, Before you Order the English Edition of LORENZ'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE with more than two hundred beautiful Engravings, and exact Cultural Directions, GRATIS and POST-FREE, Postage for Letters to Germany 2jd. Post Curds, \tl. SEEDS FOR THE SPRING, ILLUSTRATED 1 CATALOGUE for Owners of Gardens and Amateurs, and you will buy your seeds much cheaper than froui any othertirm. MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses. Illustrations of erary deaoriptioD of Glasshouse, frum the largest range of Winter (Hardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, mid Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before atu-mpted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it coutaius many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 28. post-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in varum- parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. CHR. LORENZ, SEED GROWER & MERCHANT, Seedsman by Special Warrant to H.M. the Empress oi Germany, H.M. the King if San . H.M. the King of Bavaria, H.M. the King of the Netherlands. H.M. the King of Roumania. H.M. the Km; of Serbia, ll.K.H. the Grand Duke of Hesse, H.H. the Duke of Anhalt. IOO-I03, JOHN STREET, ERFURT. GERMANY. All Flower and Vegetable Seeds are Supplied Post-free, and arrive within 10 days after receipt of order. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES lnTrlze8' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WASTED AGENTS WASTED. ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues iture. Books, and other Property advertised he "HERALD." Sales of St ick and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTEB HERALD " is the most effective or^an for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It isthe leaning Agricultural Piper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the -WORCESTER HERALD," tlie Leading County l'aper. Specially adapted for bringing such noii.es before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results t WORCESTER 1IFRALD" is n- lognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply f..r terms. SPECIMEN FliEE. Prict M. Published Friday for Saturday. Offices: — 73, high street. Worcester. Y"0UNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE -L INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS Cl'TlTNG ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mu. F, ( '. Kinu, for over five years Foreman to Mr. W. ( 'in. i, kit, Sudbourn Hall Gardens, Suffolk, has obtained the appointment advertised in these columns recently with Messrs. Peaeck Brothers, of Sydney, New South Wales, There were more than one hundred applicants. Mr. John Pindee Bower has been engaged as Gardener to J. 1>. Bland, Esq., Kippax Park t'astleford, Yorkshire. Mr, .1. Leicester, late Foreman at Ililb- borougb (';isile Gardens, has been engaged as Bead Gardener to Lord Farmiam, Farnham lliuise, co, ( 'u\an, Ireland, \Y ANTED, for a Dutch Horticultural Firm, an AO&NT fcr the whole of Great Britain, with domicile, if possible. In London, to Sell Trees. Shrubs. Plant-. &c. Unexceptional references required. — E., at Shelley ,t 0 .1 eadenhall Street, E.O. WANTED, — Advertiser desires to meet with an intelligent and well-informed Gentleman of about twenty-five years of age. of indu trious, energetic and persevering habits, expen.ii 1 in Nursery Management (principally Outdoor), to assist him in the Development of a 1m ry Business in the South, doing a local us well as a i trade, in the evenl ol ins meeting with a suit- able person, an arrangement with a view to partnership might 1 utertained, but Is to case would high wages be given at starting. Firsl class references required.— Apply, by letter, Willi lull particulars, to E. II. II., Box, Smiths Advertising Agency, I3J, Fleel Street, London. B.C. WWTKH. AT ONCE, a thoTotigMy prac- tical and experienced WORKING MANAGER, for an Important branch Florist Business in S .W. district. Musi be a first-Class hand at high i la-s Cut Flower Arrangements. Dinner-tables, &c, and 0 ml Furnishing, Decorating, and Window Itnxiiig; used to the Liuidon Trade. Also a ynung LADY lor the same business, who has been aCCUStOmed lo Serve, and who is also a high class Bouquetist, Fullest par Oculars of ability, ate, by letter, to.r. w. SILVER, Streatham and Nofbury Nurseries, Lond S \\ . To Park Keepers and Gardeners. WANTED, a l'ARK KEEPER for the Victoria i'urk, lliindsworth, who thoroughly under- stands Gardening. Tree Culture, and Propagating. Wages 8uj, per week with house and fir ng.— Application stating age, experience, &C, with three recent original testimonials, to be 8 nt before Wednesday. January 19, lo Mr. HENRY WARP, ( I. i . I ..the Local Hoard, Church Street. West. Ilromwich. WANTED, a HEAD WORKING GA1 - DENEB, where another is kept. Married, not ov. r 40. Must understand Growing of Orchids and Qreenhou •* Plants, Chrysanthemums, Tomatos, Flower and Kitchen Ga - demng. — Apply by letter, giving full particular* of experienc , references, Ac, to HY. HOWARTH, Colemans, Norwich, Lancashire. WANTED, a GARDENER, thoroughly experienced, to take entire Mamigement of ft FioustS fur Tomatos, Cucuabers, and Cut Flowers, and about 1} acre of Garden. No reply unless been engaged in Market Work.— E, K, Gardertgrs' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, stating age, wage's required, last two employ- in -nts, and how long engaged. 122 77/ E GA il DE N E 11 8 ' OH li ONTO L E. I January 25, 1890. WANTED AT ONCE, a GARDENER, for Small Suburban Garden, and to Assist in House Work. Thoroughly experienced In and Out. Permanent job for a really good, steady, reliable man. Must have first-rate character. State if married, age, and full particulars, and wages required.— Address C. B. B , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Decorator. WANTED, for a Large Private Establsh- ment. a young GARDENER, with good taste for Table and House Decoration. One who has gained some experience in France preferred. Situation permanent. Good wages given.- Experience, and all particulars, to R. F. B., Gar- deners' C ronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Gardener. WANTED, a Man and his Wife, as GAR- DENER and LAUNDRESS, without family, both thoroughly good; he must understand the Cultivation of Grapes aud general Hot-house Work ; a second man kept. A comfortable dwelling with good wages.— Apply by letter to M. L., \ii, Norwood Road, West Norwood. WANTED, a good Man as MARKET GAR- DEN FOREMAN (one who has tilled the same position before). He must thoroughly understand his work, ami be able to give satisfactory references.— J. SMITH, Grove Park Farm, Chiswick, W. WANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, with experience Inside and Out. Bothy found. — Apply, with particulars of age, wages, experience, &c, to G. HILL- MAN, Wooltou House. Woodhay. Ncvbury. Hants. WANTED, a good UNDER GARDENER, a strong active young man. Must be experienced under Glass, a good Chrysanthemum Grower, aud be well recom- mended for the Midlands. — B. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, W.C. WANTED, an active industrious- young Man as FOBEMtN in the Houses.— Apply with copies of testimonials, to GARDENER. Loekiugton Hall, Derby. Y^T" ANTED, a FOREMAN for the Florists' V Y Flower Department, where Carnations, Chrysanthe- large quantities; must be a man who has had considerable experience in the Propagation and Growth of these Families. Noue need apply who have not had such experience, and whose character will not bear the strictest investigation. This is au exceptional opening for a really good man, the appointment would be permanent and progressive, commencing nl a liheral salary. — Applv, giving p u! icul ir. el engagements, experience, and age, also st ite whether married or single, tu THOMAS S. WARE, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham, Loudon. WANTED, a strong, active, married MAN, as Second, for the Houses. Must be a good Plant Grower and House Decorator, aud have undeniable character. Furnished Lodge, with coals, and good wages given to a suit- able Man. Wife to attend Gate. — Address, with references from last employer, A. WILKINSON, Cannia.ro, Wimbledon. WANTED, a young MAN, as Second, where four are kept. Must underst tnd In-ide and Out Work. Bothy aud vegetables— state age and wages to C. BARHETr, Hilton Park Gardens, Wolverhampton. WANTED, young MAN. Good Knifesman ; used to General N'urserv Work, as well a. to arranging Wreaths, Bouquets, &e.— HAINSWORTH and CO., Ilkley. ANTED, AT ONCE, ONE or TWO young MEN, as Improvers. Must understand Pottinv?, Tying, and have a knowledge of Propagating, under the Foreman. — Apply, stating age and part culars, to FfiEDK. A. WHITE, for Executors, Rayal Nurseries, Bournemouth. PPRENTICES.— We have now VACAN- CIES, and can take THREE or FOUR young MEN who are desirous of acquiring a knowledge of Horticulture. — H. CANNELL and SONS, Swanley, Kent. Shopman, Assistant Improver. WANTED, a voting MAN. as above, in Shop, where a Retail Seed, Plant, Wreath, and Cut Flower Tra'le is done. — Age, experience, and wage- required, to HARRACKS', Fiukle Street, Kendal. OLD ESTABLISHED IluUSH WISIIKS to MEET with COMMERCIAL TRAVELLER engaged in northern counties, in Seed or Plant Business, who could combine therewith the introduction of a Specialty for use in the Trade. First-class references given and required. — C. W., Gardeners' Chronicle OSae.Al, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED IMMEDIATELY as SHOPMAN and SALESMAN, active and of good address, thoroughly acquainted with the Retail Counter Trade, Seeds and Bulbs, also with a thorough knowledge of Accounts, the Nursery and Plant Department, and competent with the Making-up of Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, and the General Furnishing Department. — Apply, stating full particulars as to age, salary required, where list employed and how long, to FREDERICK A. WHITS, for the Executors, Royal Nurseries, Bournemo th. SHORTHAND WRITER WANTED, good, who has been trained to Gardening, Speed 13d words per minute.- State experience, age, aud salary expected to J. R., Street & Co., 30, Cornhill, E.C. WANTED, an experienced SHOPMAN, of good address. Must be well acquainted with the Garden Seed Trade and Books, a good Cut flower Trade is doue well. — State age, salary expected, with references to HORTUS, Messrs. Cooper, Taber, & Co., 90, Soulhwark Street, London, S.E. WANTED, an ASSISTANT SHOPMAN. A young man, of good address, and quick at Counter Work— Seed and Floral Trade principally. Highest references required. — Applv, stating age, wages required &c, to EDWIN HILLLER, The Nurseries, Winchester. WANTED, an experienced young LADY, accustomed to West End Trade preferred. Also ONE or TWO YOUNG MEN, well up in London Furnishing Trade. — Apply, letter only, stating age, salary expected, and expe- rience, to JAMES BRO.MvVlCH, 25 and 30, Buckingham Palace Road, S.W. WANTED, a young LADY FLORIST. Must t>L' good experienced hand. — Apply by letter to PONSFORD ami SUN, Loughborough Park, Brixton, S.W. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed *' Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to th.: writers. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at So. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, imless the number of a PostaL Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiatinq it. iV.B.— The best a?id safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received wit/tout name, address, or anything bei/ond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender ca?inot be identified at all. Advertisers are rei/uested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENFKS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all "times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known tu .M.--M-, ( ni. i Enquiries should be made to 237 and 2.'i;t, High Holborn, W.C. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter aud ability will bear the strictest investigation.— JOHN DOWNIE. Seedsman, 144. Princes Street. Edinburgh. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c DI C K 8 O N ' S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always' in a positiun to RECOM- MEND MEN ot the highest respectability, and thorough-!/ practical at their business. All parti. 'u ars on application. Telegraphic aud Postal Addre>3— - DICKSON'S, CHESTER." ICH ARD SMITH and CU beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will !"■ able tj supply any Lady or Gentleman with p iri iculars, &c. — St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD and yOlNScan recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS. H-KKSTEKS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. BS. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to till the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for Hi-1 different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway. N. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and DALLAXTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors, Agents, and others requiring the services ofGARDENERS, FOKESTERs.au ll'ARM 15AILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kepi.— Age 31, married, one child (age 9).— Well up in all branches. Had Charge of present Gardens eleven years. Late Foreman at Woolley Park.— T. W., The Gardens, Whitby, Beaumont, Hudderstield. GARDENER (Head).— Age 85; thoroughly efficient in all branches. Over eight years in present situation. — W. GILL, Wormley, near Broxbourne, Herts. {\ARDEXER (Head).— Age 40: highly VJt recommended, thoroughly efficient in his duties. — J. H., Albany Road, Hersham, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. ARDENER (Head). —Age 31; sixteen years' experience in Stove Greenhouse, Peaches, Vines, &c, Flowpr and Kitchen Gardening; thoroughly good cha- racters.— T. H., Mr. Hudson, Piuderheld Terrace. Wakefield. ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly expe- rienced in all branches of the profession. Life expe- rience; unexceptional character. — B. GILBERT, 1^1, Denmark Road, Camberwell, S.E. ARDENER (Head). —Age 48, married; eleven years in present situation. Highly recommended. Thoroughly experienced in all branches.— HEAD GARDENER. Kirk Ella House, near Hull. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' experience in good places. Thoroughly competent iu all branches. Good character. Abstainer. — F. C, Tongham, near Farnham, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where two are Kept, or good Si Ni.LE- HANDED. — Age 30. married, one child. Mr. M.v-ON-, Gardener, Bushey Dawn. Tooting, will be plea-el to recommend me as above. — ROFFEY, 23, Thrale Road, Streatham. S.W. GARDENER (Head). — Middle-aged, mar- ried, no family. Experienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Pleusure and Kitchen Garden. Three years' good character; fourteen previous.— W. KING, 7, Tylney Road, Forest Gate, Essex. GARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, The Gardens, Miltou Park, Peterborough, can ve:y highly recommend James Upex, who has been with him seven years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good and reliable man. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman.— A. McLeod, Gardener to the Marchioness of Headfort, Headfort Gardens, Kells, co. Meath, Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, gcod all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. r\ ARDENER (Head); married.— W. Kemp, \~X eight years Head Gardener to Lord Hindlip, Do^endge Hall, is now open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a practical, energetic man. Highest testinonial from late employer, who will be pleased to recommend the above. — Doveridge, Derby. GARDENER (Head), where two are kept; Age 30; married, one child.— JOHN Mason, The Gardens, Bushey Down, Tooting, will be pleased to recommend me to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a competent man as above. Two years in present place, four and a half years pre- vious.— C. ROFFEY, 23. Thrale Road, Streatham, S.W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no family. Scotch. Nineteen years' experience in Early Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, Pleasure and Kitchen Garden. Five and a half years' excellent character and references.— W. B., 49, Addison Road North. Notting Hill. W. GARDENER (Head).— Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady or Gentleman. Tho- roughly competent in Orchids. Vines, Ferns. Stove Plants of nil km is, Early and Late Forcing. Good Kitchen Gardener. W^e would take Dairy and Poultry. Good reference. Abstainer.— E. D , 17, Leslie Road, Pixholmc Lane, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), married, without family. — R. H. SMITH, Head Gardener eleven and a half year* to'Sir Tonman Mosley, B_irt., Rolleston Hall, is now open to treat with any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, energetic mau. Highest testimonials from late an I previous employers. — 1 ("n, Honnnglow Road, Burton- on-Trent. GARDENER (Head "Working).— Age 32, single; twenty-one months' character, twelve years' previous Experienced Inside aud Out.— GARDEN FORE- MAN. .Sir G. Meyrici, Bart.. Llangefni, Wales. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 29, married, no family ; experienced in Vines, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Kitchen Garden, &e. Good recommenda- tion.—F. HAYLER, Copt Hill, Banstead, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, two children; twenty-live years' experience in all branches. Excellent testimonials. — X., F. Street, Heatherside Nurseries, Farnborough Station. Hants. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age Hi, married, three children; nearly live years in present situation.— RICKARDS, West Langton, Market Harborough, GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 31, single; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches. Good references.— GARDENER, 7. Egeton Cottages, Wallingford, Berks. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 34, married, two in family (youngest age eight) ; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons. Cucumbers, Tomatos, and the general routine of Greenhouse Plants, and well experienced in Kitchen Gardening. Five and a half years' good character; nine previous — A. B., The Vineries. Framfield. a ARDENER (Head, or good Single"- handed). — Well up in the Growing of Orchids, Flowers, Fruit, Vegetables, and Forcing. Five and a half years in last situation. Good character. — X. Y. Z., St. Martin's Street, Wallingford, Berks. GARDENER (Head), where one or two are kept, or good Siniilk hanpkp- Married, no family ; understands Vines, Peaches, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, &c. Good references; Abstainer.— B. BECK, Elsham Hall Gardens, Brigg, Lincolnshire. ARDENER (Head), or good Single- handed; age 32, married, four children. — E. H. Per- CIVAL, Esq., wishes to recommend his late Gardener to Lady or Gentleman requiring thoroughly practical man. Fifteen years' experience in all branches. Seven years' excellent character. Abstainer.— GARDENER, Hi^hgrove, Minster- worth, Gloucester. January 25, 1890/ THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 123 GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, in a Small Place, or under a Head Gardener.— Youtiff, married ; strictly steady. Excellent references. — GEO. VAUGHAN, Church Street, Bishop's Castle. f> ARDENER. — Unmarried ; Kitchen and VA Flower Garden, small Conservatory, and Forciog-hoose. Willing to make himself useful. Outdoors. Wages 21s. per week.— Apply, H. 11, Western Mail, Cardiff. p ARDENER.— Age 31, married, no family ; \_A large experience in all branches. Five years in present situation. — W. W., Edward Sang & Sons, Nurserymen, Kirkcaldy. GARDENER, where two or three are kept; age 26.— Mr. Pakkkr, Moreton Court Gardens, Here- ford, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman, J. Harris, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man as above. GARDENER. — A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Gardener, wdio wants to leave him for a smaller place. Excellent character can be given. Thoroughly understands his duties. — R. K., care of Manwaring, Broad- water. Worthing. f^AKDENEB (trood Single-handed), or VJ where help is given. — Age 29, married when suited; twelve years' experien se. Two years' good character from present employer.— J. LUFF, Elmore, Chipstead, Surrey. GARDENER (good Single-handed).— Age 37, no family ; wife good Laundress. Nearly four years in present situation, six in previous. Understands Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GABDENEB, 3, South View, Milton Road, Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset. GARDENER (Single-handed) or otherwise. —good refi its last situation, three pre- vious.— ANDREWS, 85, Queen's Road, i GARDENER (Single-handed), it with for General Garden work. Nofi ly; . racter. Bute wage GARDENER, Sherwood Lodg Hill. Upper Norwood, Surrey. GARDENER (Singivb-jhanded), »r where h-ip is given, Ace 25; experienced both Inside and Out. Three Tears' goon character and referem tvages.— W. HUMPHREY/, Langton Road, Tollbridge Wells. Ke GARDENER ('Second); where four or five are kept, Underst inds early and late J i good experience. Ch ir icter will stand strictest invest Egat —JACKSON, Claydon Park, ..ear Winslow, B GARDENER (Second, «r good Thibd); age 21 . -A Gardener wishes to recommend n •• g man as above.— HABYYETT, Oakfleld, The Avenue, Bipsy Hill, 8.E. GARDENER (Second or Third), where three or .„,. eighteen months' excellent character from present situation.— EY POWELL TUCB I I lerwen, Swa Valley, South Wales. GARDENER (Second, or I ndrs). Age 23; Dine years' experience i L I Bo* — .!. LEONARD, The Gardens, Wentworth Castle, B GARDENER ( Under).— Age 24 ; ten years' experien ... I . .1 LUES, The Gardens, Rousbam Park, St. Oxon. GARDENER (Under).— Age 2:J; willing to make himself useful. Five ye ter. — W. TITC'OMH. 15, Prince's Street, New Swindon, ARDENER (Under).— Age 10 ; five years' Oat. flood character, — Mr. WATSON, The Garden", L.mgfcrd. Brixton Hill, S.W. GARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single; gooieh.r... t, r. Strong and willing.— T. BRTNKLOW, 43, Dorset Mews, .1... . n .. I'l , e, I ondon. S.W. GARDENER (Under). — Age 21, strong; seven years' good rh ira ter, Inside and Out Willing to be useful.— Apply, st tting particulars, t.. li w LES, G irdener, Salem Hon . Lampeter. GUNERAL FOREMAN, or MANAGER* in a Market Nursery. — Thirty years' practi rienee. Indoors and Out. Good character. — E Wellington Street. Strand. VV.C. I'1 NURSERYMAN, Indoor and (hit, litt.-.-n years' experience; seven years in London; bought Cut Flowers anil Plants in ('..vent Garden. Could manage Branch Establishment.— A. IS., 6S, St. John'* Road, llighga!.-, N. 0 FLORISTS in want of a Foreman under Glass, i.r... the Cut flower Department. In conse- quence of i ins branch of his business, Mr. VKRTF.GANS baa Two or Three worthy M.n he , in, with con- fidence recommend. Chad Valley, liirminghnm. FOREMAN, Indoors, in a good establishment. — Well up in Orchids, Chrysanthemums, Early and Late Forcing; 9lso Indoor Decoration. Can have first-class recom- mendation.— T. BEESLEY, Havering Park, Bomford, Essex. FOREMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 27 ; over thirteen years' experience. Excellent testimonials from last and previous employer. — C. LINK, The Gardens, Everiogham Park, York. FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age l'4 ; nine years' experience. Two years as above in present situation. Good testimonials.— GARDENER, Randall's Park, Leatherhead, Surrey. FOREMAN, in the houses.— Mr. Eland, Scaber House, Fordham. Soham, can with confidence recommend his late Foreman. Thoroughly experienced.— Please state par- ticulars tj above, or to F. H., Handswortb, Sheffield. FOREMAN, in Market Nursery.— Age 30, married ; fifteen years' experience, six as Foreman ; Growing Grapes, Cucumbers, Tomatos. Peaches. Ferns, and Cut Stuff. — Bl'TLER, St. George's Villas, llanvvorth Road. Hanworth, Middlesex. FOREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 24 : nine years' practical experience. Two years' Foreman under Mr. James Ford, Wexham Park. Slough. Well recom- mended. Total abstainer.— HARRY FOX, Messrs. Laing & Sons, The Nur.-eriesf Forest Hill, S.E. FOREMAN (General), or good Pianist.— Age 28, single , abstainer. Good character. Two years' present, five previous.— state wages to H. C, Hayes Place Gardens, Hayes, Kent. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in X- Large Establishment. — Age 24; ten years' experience. Highest references from present and previous employers. — W. EVANS. Apley Park Gardens, Bridgnorth, Salop. ' To . urserymen. FOREMAN, SALESMAN, or SHOPMAN. Age 31. married ; seventeen years' practical experience in London . Nurseries, in the Sale and Growing all kinds oi Plants, Cnt Flowers, Grapes, < lucumbers, ' &c, fur Market. Well up in Wreai i ur.-<- ■ situation. Good character. — T. BOTTLJ ' koad, Clove Vale, n i 1 FOREMAN, or Second, in a good eatablish- . meut . ag< 26 I B Simpson, Nurseryman, I ford, can recommend a smart and pushing young mau as above. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN or PROPAGATOR, Outdoor.— JL An energetic young man is open to engagement as above ; t" ., Shrubs, ■ - testimonials from t\*.. PROPAG ^ COB, '. ...; ... ' Chi w'c.'i Office, 11. Wellington id, W.C. To French Nurserymen. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR seeks a place in France. Thoroughly acquainted with the I ultivatfon PI inta. Cwelve y ar ' ,x] n e in different parts of the worli ... .t- . \<\r\ \ DENIA, Gardener*' Chronicle Office, II, Wellington Street, Strand, w ,C< PUolWi; \ln|; ami i;i;o\\ i;i; for Market. — Age 34; all kinds ol Soft-n led Stuff, Cut i. era, Ferns, Oraj I references. Near London. G. STUABT, Wellbrook Cottage, ) I I.O.,Kent. JOUKM.t M A.N (First), in the Houses, Age23; seven years' experience, partly in the U Good recomm 1,. ... II. SM 1,1,. TheQard. I rruro. JOUitM: . \i \N -Age 22; pood character, five years' i tion. Abstainer U CLABTDGE OFFLEY, Hitchin, Herts. OURNEYMAN in the Houses; age 21.— F. Gebso* can with confidence re imend rL Boawell as above.- Cowdraj Park Gardens, Midhurat, - JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.- Age 10; bothv preferred. I iv< experience, ft I character ]i. HORG \n.,w iterlooC ii tens Southampton Road, Salisbury. TOUUNKVMAN. -Mr. Phillips, the Friars' *) Gardens, Newport, Mon., can b( rongly recommend a thoroughly Industrious and rei-pe table young man. OURNEYMAN, under Foreman.— Age 22; Abstainer. Three years' good character from lust em- ployer.—W. O.. 7<>. Edward Street, Dunstable, Beds, JOURNEYMAN, Inside.— Age 20 ; four year? experieme. a strong, energetic young mi... desires situation as above. Kx.ellent character. Bothy preferred H. JACKSiiN, Middle Claydon, Winslow, Bucks JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— W. H. Masters can with every confidence recommend a quick, active, steady young man as above, -The tinr.le.is, Garnons, Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, in Private Establishment. Age, 19. Where three or fournre kept ; bothy preferred. Four and a half years' good character.—N. D., Ashford, near Staines, Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the II. .uses. Aev -j-j ■ Bothy preferred. Four years' e, I ehara.ler from lit place; well recommended. — JOSEPH BACON, Tutbnry, Hurton-on-Trcnt. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21; willing, active, strong. W.ll r nnneiiiled. Five years last situa- tion.—W. NEWNHAM, South Lodge Gardens, Horsham, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 19; Bothy preferred. Three years' good character. Can be well recommended. —Mr. WARD, Gardens, Stoke Edith Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 20; four and a half years in previous situation, and two years in present. Well recommended.— W. SI' in in' 1 he Gardens, Temple House, near Gnat Markov, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good experience ; can be highly recommended. Six years' and a half in present situation.— F. CURTIS, the Gardens Oldown House. Lockiugton, near Aliuoi.dsl.nry. Glouee-ler- shire. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age 10 ; Botby preferred. Three years' good character from present situation. Well recommended.— E. CHARLES, Cheuuer Hall East Grin. tead, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a Foreman; age 20.— F. KING would be pleased to recom- mend young man as above- seven years' good character. Bothy preferred.-F. KING, The Gardens, Oak Dene, Holm wood, Surrey. TMPROVER, under a good Gardener. — Age 17 ; X Four years' good characer. — H. COOKE, Aldergatc 1. .-rare, sii.iieho.ise, Glouees' ershirc. 1 MPROVER, under a good Gardener, in both}'. JL — Age 19; two year-' character. - F. S„ 13. Bamford Cottages, Harrow We, 1,1, nearSt iiiniore, Middlesex. rMPROVER in Nursery or Gentleman's Qar- JL den. A-eL.i. Go..d I'remium given ; highest references.— ALFRED HOR.N'SBY, 90. Gwydir street. Cambridge. TMPROYEi;, for Private Gardens.— Age 19; JL three years' experience, and three veaiV good eharael er. A premium give,,, \VM. SMYrilE. The Gardens, 1;,,, Park, Alton, II .1.1 . IMPROVER.in the Houses.— Age 19; bothy preferred. Three and a half years' good character. Two years in the Houses. A. t'ol.l.lNSON, Holbroolt, near Ii.su ich Suffolk. APPRENTICE. V Gardener wishes to Apprenl eh - Son to a good all-round Gardener, lias had sonu experience. Liberal Premium.— E. SHELTON, w.n-e.a..: .■ Hill, u eston-super Mar.-. To NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN.— Situation in Private Establishment, round Manchester or Liverpool pr. terred i our yesrs' experie B i. , .. timers' ChnnicU oil. ,-,., n, Wellington Street, Strand; 97.0. rPO ROSE GROWERS. -Young Man (age 24) 1 require i il lation among Roses. Fouryeara lu opo of the leading firms. i- MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A yonng X man, well acquainted with all kinds of Market Nursery, ■oil , Oiiili,... l.ell.r. to he address-.!, BAKTTRUM 3D, Kitto Road, Nunhead, s E. \ lii:\ I l.i:\l \\ wishes to recomniciid his ■^*- Qardei ige 17, for asituat'i the Garden oi Stable- M., Mcadvale House, Redhill. CKl.'.I) TliA Hi;. \ young man of experience O in all l.ranelles now ili-eit^a^ed. asl-nst t'oulltul hand or would take Management ..r H-i.nl H... -s , aNo uniier- I 11. M rsery and Cut I- lower Trade. iiiKhesi .. i... — E. J. LEE. 3, Campfteld Terrace. Oundrum, Dublin. IEDGER CLERK. Many years' experience. J Higlie-t and most satisfactory rei. -rniccs.— C. N., 16, Kim To Seedsmen and Florists. QHOPMAN (I Ik a i)).- Thorough knowledge SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24 j eight years' experience. Grood~knowledge of the Trade 1 branches. Good reference. - CORNFLOWER, Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. H ANDY MAN, in a Nursery. — Good Brick- layer, Carpenter, Painter, <;la/i/. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S TRIUMPH.— First-class Certificate, Crystal Palace. Very large, of handsome shape, anil beautifully netted, uf BWeel and luscious flavour, and a very free ---iter. True of seed, 3». Qd. per packet, post-free. For full particulars of Sutton's Specialties in Vegetables, Potatos, and Flower-, *ee Sutton'-* "Amateur's Guide." the most complete gardening annu.l issued. Price I*., post-free; gratis to customers ordering goods value 90s. and upwards. si i iun's Seeds Genuine Only Direct From SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen. READING. A "iOLETS and VIOLAS. — We have the * largest and most complete Collection in the World. Violets, tine plants, in .Vim-It pots, fall of llower, 6f. I>er do/.en. Full particulars. Send for a Catalogue — apecial quo la! ion for large quai MKNKY C ANN ELL AND SONS, Swanley, Kent. ALL SORTS of PALM SEEDS and other t V Horticultural Products always ou hand at very Moderate I'm cs. iiar catalogue uf Palm Seeds jus! come out. ,(0,000 Corypha auatmlie, 10) per 1 . I 10, ooo Coeos corouata, SOS. per 1000. | All in , J 16,000 Jubsea spec! ibilia, 86». per Hum, • splendid 1 10,000 Cocoa campeatris, 20,t. per 1000. I condition. "■ 6,000 Keutla Oonterb., £'i p. i We are ol>eli for all Orders reapectlng Plants, Bulbs, &C, GENERAL tl< nt i 'II II l.i i KM. n.tvrv, De ller.lt & Strecker, Antwer] Cable Address " STRECKER, Antwerp." H O I C E GERMAN FLOWER and \ I i. LIABLE SEEDS. I v i ILOGI US free p| Hi ation, FRED. ROEMKR, Seed Orower, Quedllnburg, Germany. c I^Oi; SALE, Cheap for Cash, to make r n ; -T 1000 KENTIAS, 10U0 COCOS, 10O0 ASPIDISTRAS, all clean health; Plantain is end 32-pots ; may 1 en .my tune, or price and particulars had from .1. WING! IKLD. Widmore Nursery, Bromley, Kent. Trained Peaches and Apricots PAUL and SON can supply Dwarf and Standard-trained Trees of the above— Indeed, their trained Trees of all Fruits are good. The Old Nurseries. Cheshunt, N. AST0LF RASPBERRY CANES, For sale, 30». per loot), 4s. per 100. Terms, Cosh before delivery, F. 0. R., Wisbech. Apply, MANAGER, Osborne House Farm, Wisbech. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3{-inoh pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KLNGHORN. Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NURSERYMElt. Sidcup, and 285, 288, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent Garden. London. W.C, are open to REOKIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Deportment. Duxes and Labels supplied. Telegraph Address— "COMMISSION, SIDCUP." W. B A R N H A M (late of Squelch & • Baraham) RECEIVES ON" COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C. HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices giiaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C. HAKLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale Florists and Commission Agents, Bedfordbuxy, Oovent Garden, W.C, are OPEN TO RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Boies forwarded. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. ANTED, MELON SEEDS, best varieties. TODDINOTON ORCHARD COMPANY, Wincbcombe, w New Chrysanthemums for 1830. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUK, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, Hunt Holboun, LONDON, W.C. FOR SALE, STANDARD" ROSES, 1000 BRIAR STOCKS, 3 to I fe.-t long. What offers for the lot or part :j Delivered ou rail, Hendeorn Station. — A. HATCHEK, Tenterden, Kent, CiAMELLIAS for SALE, a number of strong J healthy Plants, from 3J to s feet in height. J. M< I.Fod, The Gardens, Dover House. Roehampton. ROSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! ! !— The best and cheapest in the world. 40 choice Perpetuale tor 21*. Purchaser's selection from 400 best varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Ten acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower. Exeter. 'JfMi IHWi LARCH, Native, 2 to «WV/V»/\/v/U 300, SCOTCH Native. 1J Forest Trees. to 3 feet; to 2J feet; extra fine, stout, healthy, and well rooted. Nothing nuer in the Ira. to. Alls, /,s of LARCH. SCOTCH SI'Ul'CK, HARD WOOD, OJ 111. Mo. .11 or. also Splendid IIOKSH I'll lis I'M IS tor :n .on.' or ornament, 10 to 12 feet. MATHESON'S Old-established Nurseries, Morpeth, To the Trade. WBOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890. — We have now published our Catalogue ol Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties oi the season. May be had on application. Any of our OUStOmeiS not having received oik- by post will oblige by letting as know, when another shall at once be posted, WATKINS am' SIMPSON, Seed and l.ulb Merchants Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. USTRALIAN S K l<: lis. LUCERNE, BRASS SEEDS, TEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYITI, CVCADS, CASUARINA, &c.. S sand Plants. Wo .halt be pleased to qioote Purchasers al any t ime. Dank Droits must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils, &o., requested. STEPHENSON 4XD JOHNSON, Seed Growers and Merchunts. «, King Street, W., Sydney, N.S.W. UICKS— QUICKS — QUI C K s. Strong trunnplauteil Quicks, large quantity, 10*., 13*., and 16*. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 6J, Market Square, Northampton. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts iu many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS K. K1NOHOKN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey | and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. C A (\(\(\ GREEN EUONYMUS, tJU^VUU all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 16«. to *10 per 10U. free ou rail. J. J. CLAJSK, Ooldstone Farm, Brighton. KING'S it. rivalled VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, in collections of 2s. 6dl, 6s., 12». 0d., 21s., &c. Liberal quantities combined with the best quality only. Garden Manual post-free 7 stamps, free to customers, JOHN K. KING, Royal Seed Grower, Coggesha.il, Essex, ED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well- rooted plants. AI'l'LES, Pyramid, good sorts, 5 to 7 feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, fine trees, 6 to 9 feet. STRAWHERRV PLANTS. VicomtessellericartdeThury, Stirling Castle.-TODDINOTON ORCHARD CO., Wincheombe, Gloucestershire. EED POTATOS, Reduced.— A few tons of Myatt's and Rivers' Kidney Potatos, Jtil per ton, good quality. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEandPLANT JL MANURE.— This valuat | Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our nam Jnit. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, aud direct from* ns. 1 cwt. and over carriagl paid London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Koud, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels. N.B. 126 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [FebbuaVry 1, 1890. SALES by AUCTION, Monday Next. 2000 LILIUM AURATUM, including several lots of bulbs — Lilium Krameri, Longiiiorum, and Spec Rubrum, from Japau. also a large assortment of v English-grown LILIES, Hardy Bulbs, Tuberoses, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the aboye by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms.67 and 68 Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, February 3, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. ORCHIDS in FLOWER-SPECIAL SALE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, February 4, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a large quantity of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, f.om various Collections. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. TREE PiEONIES FROM JAPAN. It is impossible to give any adequate description of the dower in an advertisement, but most of the varieties are of exceptional beauty, and the native drawings will be shown at the time of Sale. 6,000 LILIUM AURATUM, every Bulb in the previous Importations having been sold. These are just to hand in splendid condition, and include some of the finest Bulbs received this season. 7,500 SPECIAL LILIES FROM JAPAN, sting of > | 2,000 Lilium album Kraetzi 1,000 „ speciosum albun 100 Lilium auratum r vittatnm 100 ,, ,, virginale I 1,400 100 „ „ putimo 800 „ macranthum 2,000 „ „ Krameri 15,000 KENTIA SEEDS (Belmoreana and Forsteriana), in splendid condition, to be offered in lots of I, .100; also a great variety of English-grown LILIES and HARDY BULBS, 1,000 Gladiolus Sandersii, 2.000 Gladiolus Brenchleyensis. 400 tine bulbs of Lilium Szovitzia- assorment of well-grown Palms. Greenhouse and Plants. American Pearl Tuberoses, Begonias, Standard Stove Ferns, Decorati Hybrid Gladiolus, Tigridi and Dwarf Roses, choice named varieties, &.C MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.G.. on WEDNESDAY" NEXT, February 5, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 15,000 Seedsof KENTIA BELMOREANA and FORSTERIANA, 10,000 LILIUM AURATUM. and large quantities of other LILIES; .100 Tree P.EONIES. from Japan. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to call special attention to the above, included in their SALE on WEDNESDAY NEXT. See separate Advert isement. Thursday Next. SALE of NURSERY STOCK from Sample. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C., on THURSDAY" NEXT, February «, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely, large quantities Of NURSERY STOCK from Sample, including :— 2.50 1 Box .1,000 Lily of the Valley, 4,000 American Arbor-vitas Berlin Crowns 1,500 Euonymus .100 Primulas, Double 8,000 Cuuressus. of sorts White 3.000 Common Laurels 500 Adiantum cuneatum 4,000 Laurestinus, of sorts ; 400 Arum Lilies 1,000 Rhododendrons i 3,000 Aralias 800 English Yews 30 Bushels of French 200,000 Larch Beans 400,000 Thorn Quick, various | Pampas Grass „. „„ „ S"-M Standard, Dwarf, and 2o,000 Scotch Fir Trained Fruit 5,000 Seaforthias Trees &c. Samples will be on view on morning of Sale. r Catalogues on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM PHAL-ENOPSIS. „ N.EVIUM MAJUS (true) „ PESCATOREI. „ TRIUMPHANS. MAXILLARIA SANDERIANA. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., of H Ilradford. and 191, Park Road, Clapham to SELL by AUCriON. at the.r Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 'tis Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, February 7, at half-past 12 o'clock, a choice consignment of ORCHIDS col- lected by the well-known collector. Mr. E. Klaboch, consisting of Odontoglosfum IVseatorei, (}. triuniphaiis. ( >. hastllabiumro. nteymm majus (true), O. Phuhciiopsis. Ada aurantiaca, and a white Sobraha with the appearance of S. leucorantha; also a few Max. lana Sanderiana, and an exceedingly line lot of ;«1 y«<>oJ«I -1 per dozen. ASH, Mountain. 12 to 14 feel. 12*. per dozen, OAK, English. 7 to B feet, 9s. per dozen. FINOS EXCELSA. lo to 12 feet, 60s. per dozen. PLUNES, 16 to 18 feet, 60s. per .1"/ POPLARS of sorts, 12. 15. and 2" feet. 12s., 18j„ aud 30s. per dozen ; 9 to 10 feet. 6s. per dozen. PRIVET OVALIFOLIUM, 7 feet, 6s. per dozen. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, 2 to 3 fe it, 1 3s. per dozen. ,, hybrids, 2 to 3 feet, 24*. perdozen. ,, named Boris, ;: to I feet, 60s, per dozen, SYCAMORE, !2to 11 reet, 15 perdozen. THORNS of sorts, very tine Standards, 9s., 12s., 15*., and 18». per dozi „ Pyramids. 9s. and 12s. per dozen. YEWS. Common fan. 4 to 8 feet. 36s to 72s. per dozen. ,, Common bush, 5 t" 6 rest, 36*. per dozen; 6 to Sfeet by 4 to 5 feet, 81*. pet do/en. ,, Golden (elegantiaarma), 2 to 2$ feet, IBs. per dozen. ,, Gold Irish, 3j to 4 feet, 30*. per dozen. TRITOMA UVARfA. It. per dozen, 25s, per 100. ROSES, Standards, 21f. per do/en ; Dwarfs, »>s. [>er dozen, and upwards. FRUIT TREES, a fine sto ' ol all including GRAPE TIDES, 1 rutting and Planting Cue-. SEVK U.K f"r planting, 3*. per ] ; WM. PAUL & SON, Paul's Nurseries, Wultli.im Cros. Herts 'r Ho.M as I' E l: KINS an i. SONS, i- 31. Draper; ■ North imp! Have a large Stock of the following particularly well grown and good roots : — ARTICHOKES. Globe. ACACIA, Common, to I and 4 to 5 feet. ASH, Common, 2 to 3. 4 to 5, and 5 i,. ,, Mountain, 1 lo ■ and 5 to 8 feet. BEECH. Common, 1J to 2. 2 to .'(. and 3 t« 1 test. BLACKTHORN, a very large stock. CSampli QORSE, Common, 1, -'. and HORNBEAM. 2 to 3 feet. LABURNUMS, 3 to 1, and 1 to 5 feet. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, nice bushy stuff. PINU8 AU8TKIACA, 1 1.. 2, and 2 <■•'■'■ feet. „ LARU'lii. 1 10 2. and 2 lo :'. teet. POPLARS, in variety, 9 to lo. and 10 to 12 feet. PRIVET, Ei ergreen, 2{ to 3} feet. SYCAMORE. 2 to 3 feel . THORN ijUICKS, f„r ll.dg.s. «everalmilltons. (Sam] LAUREI.s. Caucasica, 2 1. ,, ROTUNDIFOLIA, 1} t.. 2, and 2 to 3 feet. „ Portugal. 1 to 1}, ]>} to 2, and 2 to 2} feet. YEWS. English. 2 to 3, 3 to I, and I to .. 1. it . „ Irish, 2 to 3 feet Special Prices on application. Telegram- " PARAGON," Northampton. ALCEUL ARIAS.— First-prize Strain, bemiti fully spotted and si nped ; strong, healthy, nice clean, well-established plants, from thumb pote, 2s. per do/en, 1 5s per 100, PRIMROSE. —Hardy's new hybrid novelties (very . I , about thirl \ colours, -trnng plant*, 5s, per 100, 45s. per 1000. PRIMROSE POLYANTHUS, Hardy's new novelties eight splendid colours, 5s. per 100, l'«. I"'r 1000. POLYANTHUS.— Hardy's finest selected gold-laced, show flowers, 5s. per loo. lot per All the above are well known, and give excellent satisfac- tion. Many Testimonials. One just before roe now says. " Vour Primroses and Polyanthus are really CURRANTS, Black Naples and Red Baby Castle, a few honored very strong. 3-yr. old bushes. 8s. per 100. to .1. ;ir. Cash, Packages free. Extra plants for carriage. H. I HARDY, F.R.H.S., Stour Valley Nurseries, Hures, Suffolk. ANNO UNCEMZN T. DID WORDS EVER SPEAK MORE PLAINLY? H. CLIFFORD, Esq.. Heath End Huuse, Cromball, Falfield, R.S.O., December 20, 1S89. Semi me your Catiilofjue, j> i intend giviug you my order fur Seeds this year. JAMES SHORT, The Gardens, Luueville, Torquay, January 4, 1*90, Sir, —Having seen the good results from your seeds in thia district at several private places, I should be pleaded to receive your Catalogue. I. NEWTON, Esq., Devcnport. Bournemouth, February 18. 1888. Of your Vegetable Seeds I believe every seed grew. I almost thought in some cases that ODe seed produced two plants. They were all the season unusually robust, and gave every satisfaction. Mrs. O'REILLY. Colambar, Rathowen. I wish to say that, having tested most of the seeds supplied in England aud Ireland for years, I found your supply more generous, the yield better and more certain than the others, and have tills year d:cide I on getting all the garden seeds from you. Mr. T. J. FULLER, Campello. 1'lvmoutli County, Massachui stts, I ,S. \. The Seed I had of you was good, beyoud my expectation. G. B. WOLLASTON, K- Well, Chislehuret, January 25, 188 I 1 have desired my gardener to order all seeds from vour firm. Mr. F. YOU ALL, Coppinball, Crewe, January ] 1. 1889. It is with very great pleasure that I write to you as a Lstomer, having witnessed last summer a splendid garden, the result of your a Capt. BUNBURY, Edenbank House, Cupar. Fife, N.B. I take tin- opportunity of mentioning that the seeds you sent out to me at Sydney, New South Wales, last year, gave every satisfaction, and produced excellent results. Mr. T. ALLEN. Florist. 4. Neville Street, Abergavenny, ■ Kindly forward nu vour Catalogue, as 1 intend to buj the whole of my flower seeds from you the coming Mr. HODGSON i ■ ,1 ogwold, lorks, August I have I. [with the productions from your seeds, that I fa lit - you, and am counting on h hat the next lot will bring me. Mr. K. K. OSWALD, 8, Ch ipel Street, Birl ■ i i . try 10, 1888. Your seeds of exhibition flowers are the best I ever grew, I took eleven first pri t ye ir. Mr. \. w. OHILD, B itai I ■ d u . Belfast. The neds l ha I from tl taction. I got fearful rubbish from Germany two years' ago— aerve me right for trying for Mr. G. SMITH, Linthorp. Hi Idle boron rl i Thanks for catalogue, I en rder as usual; last year wo9 a hi 'i highly - it Isfactory, lam counting on the next Surely this la conclusive proof and a matter of fact, once and for ever, that KENT SEEDS excel all others In the world. CATALOGUE FREE. PERFECT SEEDS ONLY direct from HENRY CANNELL & SONS, .Nurserymen and 8 Ismen i" nearly all the Itoynl Families and •• Beads " In the World. SWANLEY, KENT. SEA-SIDE PLANTS. ESOALLONIA, EUONYMUS, VERONICA, TAMARISK, and other Trees snd Plants to withstand Sea-breezes, are largely grown a! the Sea-Coast Nursery, Pwllheli, North Wales, and now offered at Specially Low Prices, forwhioh apply to DICKSONS, NURSERIES, CHESTER. CHESHUNT standard APPLES. PAUL & SON Have still to offer fin^ 8 ft. stemmed trees of THE LEADING SORTS OF APPLES. Also PLUMS. Selected trees for Orchard Planting, from £12 per 100, downwards. The NEW CATALOGUE is ready, and should be applied for by all intending large planters desirous of starting with the best trees. THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, HERTS. THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. At the Annual General Meeting of the Members of this Institution held on THURSDAY, the lSlh inst., for the Election of Nine Pensioners, the following Mas the result of the Ballot : — CANDIDATES. Votes. NAME. 3211 JAMES BAILLIE ELECTED. 238 HENRY BARTHOLOMEW. 711 THOMAS RUNNING. 1545 SARAH I'.UI Sll ELECTED. 795 WILLIAM HUNN. 3 169 SOPHIA BURT ELECTED. ai3 JAMES BUSH. 240 JOHN BUTLER. 1537 ROBERT COX ELECTED. 17.' JONAH DICKENSON. 694 .1 AMI-S GAGE. 453 THOMAS GOODWIN. 488 ISAAC GIBBONS. SIS GEORGE HINXMAN. Hi DAVID INNES. 353 LOUISA JENNINGS. 1435 MARIA MILLEY ELECTED. 1890 MARY ANN MILROY ... ELECTED. 476 BENJAMIN MORRELL. 170 JANE ELIZA NICHOLS. 1568 ELIZABETH PARKER ELECTED. 771 JOSEPH HENRY POOLE. 767 HENRY PRIMMER. 1213 JAMES ROHINSON ELECTED. 1493 GEORGE WM. YOUNG ELECTED. 50, I'.irli EDWARD R. CUTLER, Secretary, lit Street, S.W., January 17, 1890. RAILWAi KATES and CHARGES.— The Adjourned Meeting ol the Trades will be held at the "Windsor" Hotel, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.. on FRIDAY, January 81, at 5 p.m., when the Names of 1 he Witnesses will Is- seleoted. Any one unable to attend, but who is desirous of giving evidence will [lease communicate With the undersig I, addressed to tl Windsor" Hotel. to the Nu F. C, ery i , I Se LAYING-OTJT and PLANTING NEW, and IMPROVING OLD ESTATES. RCOWLES.I lertificated, Royal < iardens, K.w . • having greai i Kperiem this branch of Hurl iculture, and an extensive knowledge of all the best Fruit, Shrubs, Trees, &c., grown in ear Largest Nnr-eries. and being in a position l.i liu\ by S|ieeial t.lnotat ion, and pers illy Superin tend the Work, enables I" 'I" tl well with economy. Distance no objeel to Advise, Plan, and Estimate. R. COWLES, Landscape and Garden Contractor, North Finehlev, N. P E C 1 A 1. OF E E II i I lit JAPONICA, 2 feel. 7as'. per 100; I thousands tooffe LAUREL! i'i in INE • 100. feed., 15.1. per loo. to 8 feet, 2 is, per 100 100. DEUTZI v i kin ITA.I .sp|R.E\s. 2j t..:: to i. ELDER, Golden, 26i. per mo. RETINOSPORa PLUMOSA IUREA, 3 to 3 teet, Ion Hill; 1} to 2 feel. 7-«'. per 100. ,, ,. PLUMOSA, 1 J to 2 feet. 76j. par 100. THUIOP3IS In ILOBRATA, 2 p. :; feel , 150 . per Hid. AMERIC IN ARBOR VI I' E, I to 6 o et, 60< i ei 100, CI DRUS DEOD IRA, 1" i" 12 feet, ' 8s. id., and os. per packet. PENTSTEMONS. Is. and 2s. M. per packet. ANTIRRHINUMS, Is. and 2s. 6rf. per packet. MIMI'LITS, Is. and 2s. 6d. per packet. AURICULA, Alpine, 2s. 6/>lJ|j| ages and printed cultural directions Wr- enclosed .with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH and SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. F R U I T I TREES MMENSE STOCK of arkably well-grown Trees. Inspection invited. New descriptive CATALOGUE on application. DlCKSONS series, CHESTER. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Koses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, Aud you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's see Is are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of tuppiying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in PeDny Packets; al-o by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUCHBOROUCH, LEICESTERSHIRE. NEW CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. R. A. MUDIE "ANEMONE." First-class Certificate Edinburgh Centenary Show, 1889. WE have pleasure in offering this most distinct variety. It is a deep crimson, and of robust growth, and should prove to be a great acquisition to the class. Orders are now being booked for plants in March, '.is. id. each ; two lor os. id., three for 9s. Descriptive NOVELTV LIST post-free. JOHN LAING & SONS, Chrysanthemum Growers, Src, FOREST HILL, LONDON, S.E. LILIUM AURATUM. In finest possible condition, hard as bricks ! Order early. FINE BULBS, measuring 8 inches round, 25 for 6s. id., 100 for 21s. ,, „ 9 to 9£ inches round, 12 for 6s., 100 for 30s. ,, ,, 10 to 104 inches round, 12 for 7s. id., 100 for 60s. Better Bulbs impossible. Special Trade Prices. AMERICAN " PEARL " TUBEROSES, just arrived, 12s. id. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA "THE BRIDE." 6s. id. per 100. „ BRENCHLEYENSIS, scarlet, 3s. Gd. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CRDENTDM, very dark form, iminensi'J;, pLinrse bulbs. Is. each, lus. dozen. „ ALBUM K1LETZERI, pure white, 12s. doz. „ WASHINGTONIANUM (Californian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs, 22s. per dozen. HUMBULDTll,giganticbulbs, L'L's.perdoz. „ PARDAL1NUM M1CHAUX1J, large clumps, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. each. Finest obtainable quality, at very low prices. W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, WEST GREEN ROAD, TOTTENHAM. Address for Telegrams :-"AURATUMS, London. Mention Gardeners' Chronicle. February 1, 1890.] THE GA BDEXEBS' CHBO XI CL E. 129 ANDRE LEROY'S Xurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES. SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS. ROSES. SEEDLINGS. STOCK FRUIT TREES. &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris. 1S78. Orders must be address 1 to Messrs. WATSON" AND SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street. London, E.C. The New Early Dessert Apple. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should be added to every Collection. It is the best flavoured and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis- pensable as an early dessert fruit when it becomes known. Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. 6d. each, 24*. per dozen ; 2-yr. Trees, lis. 6d. each, 36s. per dozen ; Pyramids, 5s. each ; Dwarf- trained, 7s. 6a\ each. Full description free bv post. GEORGE COOLING ami SONS, The Nurseries, Bath. SEEDS— SEEDS— SEEDS.— Select Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at Wholesale Prices :— Brussels Sprouts, Is. 6d. per lb. ; Dwarf Red Beet, Is. 6flt. per lb.; Purple Sprouting Broccoli. Is. 6. Without doubt, the most handsome Tomato ever Been. Awarded numerous First Prizes. Sets i lir. . mid four fruits to a joint. From a house ISOfeet long, 140i6. of fr»'t were cut weekly t<>r months. Flavour rich ana juicy. ].«. id. and 2s. fid. per pnrket. LEMON OIL lNSECTICIDE.-Four ihy this [, superseding all others : — 1-1. I ause it is more effectual. id, be cheap. is safe end harmless in tenderest folbi^e. 4th, because it is to be trusted in the hands of the most careless operator. It is fast becoming the only INSECTICIDE uses uv MANY OF THE LEADING GARDENERS. Pints, I*. M.; quarts, 2s. Bd. ; half-gallons, nJ. ; Karons, 9s. ; tour gallon tins, Mis. Of all principal Seedsmen and Nurserymen, orClibran's. EUCHARIS This has now been a year before the MITE public; and during that time it has KILLER. ■ed thousands ol Bulbs u hicl have been consigned to I lie rultbisl ous testimonials. Bulbs are now to be i. showing spikes an-l lienlthy leaves n to 12 inches long, which four mouths ago were leanest and eaten by m>t.-s all over, and into the " seal*-." Half pints. Is. an others. ce Varieties ... 5s. 6:1. 35s. Ud. DANIELS BROS, TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. [PLANTING SEASON. | iForest, Fruit,! S TREES* ^PLANTS, I | EVERGREENS, ROSES, &c. ( | NUHHKItlKS 400 ACRES. I | VERY EXTENSIVE STOCK. Inspection Invited- | = Priced Catalogues Gratis & Post Free. = I U^ICKSONS nurseries! (limited) CHESTER.) %l!lllll!imilll!lllltlll|l|!NUIUIIM U 11111111111111111 Iltlllllllllllllllll J GOLD MEDAL (PARIS, 1**9) SPECIALTIES. CATAL 0*7 UES nun: ready, Gratis and Post-free, ' i ining Priced and Descriptive Lists of nil our SPECIALTIES FOR 1890, And Everything needful for the Garden. LANGPOBT, SOMERSET. A SPLENDID NEW MAINCROP PEA. PERFECTION AT PEA, This is now being sent out for the first time, with the certainty of its giving entire satisfaction. It possesses a robust constitu- tion, produces a great profusion of straight, handsome pods, which are exceedingly valu- able for exhibition on account of their size and dense covering of bloom. The flavour of the Peas is delicious. Reports from well-known authorities. "The finest Dwarf Marrow Pea I have ever grown. Strong hahit, nine and ten Peas in a pod, of large size and excellent flavour."— Mr. .1. TEcici, The Gardens, Bearwood. " A most magnificent Pea. which I specially recommend for its remarkable productiveness. Habit robust, resists mildew better than most other sorts. Pods straight, broad, and closely rilled with very large Peas, some pods contain- ing from eleven to thirteen Peas of a dark green colour, and exceedingly rich and sweet in flavour." — Mr. S. Col- bf:rt. The Lodge Gardens. Farnborough. Price, Is. 6d. per packet. SUTTONSSEEbS ; GENUINE ONLY, FROM5JJITPRs§0NSvREApi.NC.v JARMAN'S " UNIVERSAL" COLLECTIONS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. VEGETABLES.-2s. 6d., 5s , 10s. 6<2„ 15»„ 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., and 63s. FLOWERS.— Is., 2s. 6d.. 5s., 10s. lid.. 15s., 21s., 31s. 6d.. & I2s. Allposi free or carriage paid. We offer £5 5si PRIZES FOR SIX ONIONS. Full i articutars in our Largi Seed Manual gratis and post-free JARIV1AN & CO., SOMERSETSHIRE CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY. Very strong plants, can be topped for Cuttings, 3s. 6d. each, 36s. per dozen; smaller, but strong plants, 2s. e with trees having foliage. They preserve these beautiful markings unaltered till autumn. This ill be valuable for producing decorativ effo I irdeos. Half-standards, 25s. each. THTJIA OCCIDENTALIS WARREANA LTJTESCENS (Hesse). A very fine variety of Thui;i \Varr<;ui a. of compact growth, grown here and introduced into commerce by me some years ago. The leaves are alternately ol a shining light jello* and Of a darker yellow tint. It lias all the auperiOl . of Thuia Warre in*, El i ery hardy and i^ ol M r. Beiasner, Insp< ' rdens at Bonn, writes on this anerkannl gute, " irkung- svolli.- form." Mt \~: ;m excellent and very eCfectivi Though introduced into nurseries yean ago, tl La not known, because "t her varlel ies similarly named but not worth cultivating, are substituted for it. 3 to 12 17 ■ h; ■'. : )j to 16 inchi I nujh, :\s. each, 2bs. for 10. Is. each. XtttoVl i/r.hcshigh, 8*. - . each. Rare an I Plants. ABIES AMABILIS (Forbes). A fino and very hardy silver Fir, introduced by Dougla 183] from Oregon territory, bul which, strange to -ay, cultivated, and baa remained entirely unknown, Only seven y:\r-, ago 1 succeeded in getting seeds direct from country, \\h ch, En . efforts, 1 obtained only once again. In Durseries we seldom find it genuine. What we receive under this name from Holland or from Frame it moatls A. magnitica (Murry & Gordon). In it- roung State 11 \. n- .hi lis, Hiid has sometimes been mistaken for thai n . ;■■ The leaves are longer than thoefl of a, Dobills, straight, glossy, green above, with a sunk line along the middle, and with two broad glaucous lines beneath. A very striking and plea-nine plant, on account of its feathered decumbent branches, and the peculiar deep bluish-green of its foliage. B to 1-' inche ; "ih. Is. 6d. to 2s. ecrh, 12*. for 10. 12 t; lri inches high, 4s. each, ;tOs. far 10. j'i inches high. .F»s. each. 20 to - I ifl '.he* high, Ss. each. PICEA OMORICA (Pancic). Mr. Pancio found this remarkable and tast-growii ■ in Servia. It has very long and also short pointed and prickly leaves, white underneath. When these trees grow older, the leaves turn, as is the cm-* with all the Fir tr6M of th w group, so as to show atthejiame time their white and ^-neii sides. This is a very interesting and affective species, and deserves ti, be much propagated. .See illustration in '■ 1 I Chronicle, tfor.8, 1884, p. 309.) plants on own roots, >'• to 10 inehi I ' ! I i . each. PSETJDO-LARIX KJEMPFERI. 5 inches high, 1 24 in he* high, 2s. to 3s, i HARTLAND E SUNFLOWE "SOLEILD'OR" William Baylor Hartlaxd submits the following relative to the merits of this plant. He has no other means than with such tes- timony of adding force to what has already been written on the subject. There is no doubt the Irish variety is quite distinct from that known in England, and he is sincerely obliged to Messrs Pearson, Backhouse, Payne, and Cullingford for what they have written him on the subject. '.* Strong Plants (Orders now in strict rotation), |2S- Pel" dozen : |s. 6d. each. Dozen lots post-free. Single plants 3d. extra for poBtage. Trade Terms on applicati n. WHOLESALE CATALOGUES can 1>" had on application. '• Yum- Soleil d'l >r Sunflower is certainly per- fectly distinct from the ordinary form grown in this country, and is, we think, rather richer in colour. It will be a decided acquisition to our English gardens, •• A am. C. PEARSON, " i Ihilwell Nurseries, Notts." "We like your Soleil d'Or Sunflower very much. It is ii. iw in Sower, much in advance of the ordinary form. "JAMES BACKHOl 8E and SONS, '• Nurseries, York." " Your box of Sol.nl d'l hr Sunflower blooms to hand. I am much obliged for your Bending them, Several of the blooms are much finer than the drawing or illustration you publish, and they form a really attractive anil agreeable «C. BARMAN PA1 NE, " Thorn Koad, South Lambeth, London. S . \\ '." "Dear Mr. Hartland, — I am writing to tell you how very pleased I am with your quilled herbaceous Sunflower. I have grown nearly all the varieties of Sunflowers for many years, but of all the double flowers I consider this the very best. — Yours truly, ' •' W. II. CTLLINCil-OBl), " Earl's Court, Tunbridge Wells, London." '." The plant has also been sent to Kew and Chiswick Gardens for trial, and PRONOUNCED ttUITE DISTINCT. ' " Year Hook of Seeds for 181)0, now nod,/. WIH. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden and Seed Warehouse, 24, PATRICK STREET, CORK. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free S\d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. T Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 'HE GARDENERS'- CHRONICLE, Vol. VI.. Third Series, JULY to DEC, ISS'.l. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE barters' (Etattid*, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 1, 1800. TEA ROSES AND THE CON- FERENCE. THAT we are to learn a good deal from the Conference papers — more than was perhaps learned at the Conference itself — is, I think, very dear, although some of the lessons which we learn are of a somewhat peculiar character; but I think the first and chief lesson is the very great amount of labour which our excellent Secretary has devoted to "licking into shape" the numerous reports he had to tabulate. When one considers Mr. YVilks' multifarious duties (none of which are neglected), one can but instance him as another proof of the saying that it is the busiest men who find most time. Passing to the Roses themselves, one is at onoe struck with the marvellous strides that the I. a Kose has made in the estimation of the Kose-loving public during the last quarter of a century; we have seen the votes given by seventy-five persons who consider themselves more or less qualified, I presume, from personal experience to give their verdict on the best varieties grown. I am afraid I shall have to show that a goodly number must be classed amongst the less, but it only confirms what those of us who look back and compare notes often state ; but there is one thing which very clearly shows this. 1 have before me (through the kindness of my friend, Mr. VV. .1. Jefferies, of Cirencester), a slip from the Gardeners'' Chronicle of June 28, 1862, whioh contains the list of prizes awarded at the Royal Horticultural Society's (ireat Kose Show, which had succeeded to the First Great National Show, and in that list I find but one class for Teas and Noisettes, and so meagre was the ex- hibit that no first prize was awarded; and there appears to have been only two exhibitors, and curiously enough these hailed from that home of the Tea Rose— East Anglia ; one of them, Mr. Hedge has long since passed away, but the other, Mr. Ben Cant, is still with us. I wonder what he would say to his box now if it could be pre- sented to him as it was in those days. Now take the last show of the National Rose Society, in 132 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [February 1, 1890. which there is a separate division for them, and in that division there are ten classes, and all these classes were well filled, but many exhibitors drew blanks ; and there is no doubt that a change for the better is in progress, that the very- beautiful varieties known to us now which were unknown in those days (for it was the year before Marechal Niel made its appearance) have induced a large number of Rose lovers to cultivate what used to be considered, with all its beauty, a class only suited for very warm soils and situations. By-the-bye, it is a curious fact, which I daresay very many of our exhibitors have forgotten, that in those days in class 1 for nurserymen, instead of seventy-two distinct single blooms, there were ninety-six, three trusses of each ! I have said that a good many of these lists sent on to the Conference must have come from persons who had but little knowledge of the class. Thus I find that some persons gave their votes for Grace Darling as being amongst the best varieties. It may be said, perhaps, that there has always been a doubt as to the position of this Rose, but there were those who gave their votes for Cheshunt Hybrid and Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, which have been unmistakably proved to he hybrid Teas, and no more entitled to belong to this class that Captain Christy or Her Majesty ; while one voter has actually iucluded in the best twelve Teas, Souvenir de la Mal- maison, a true Bourbon. I do not wish to know who this intelligent voter is — he is admittedly a " free and independent elector." Primrose Dame and Vicom- tesse Folkestone are also included with hybrid Teas, although classed by some voters amongst Teas. Equally remarkable, too, is the fact that amongst exhibition Teas some voters have recorded their approval to such kinds as Madame Falcot and Homer as amongst the best twelve exhibition Teas. I wonder whether these gentlemen ever saw a bloom of the former on an exhibition stand ? I never did ; perhaps it may have appeared at a provincial exhibition, when in August and September many funny things do duty as Roses — it opens its eye almost immediately it is brought into the house, and would pro- bably wink and smile benignly on the deluded in- dividual who had tended to its budding charms. So again, Homer is pretty enough as a decorative Rose for a garden, especially when it can be had with its pretty pink tinge on the edges of the petals, but utterly unsuited for an exhibition stand, both from its roughness, and small size. I am surprised, too, that six voters should have recorded their votes for (iloire de Dijon. I think sentiment must have got the better of judgment in this case. It is such a universal favourite as a garden Rose, so hardy, so accommodating to all climates and situations, that I daresay its ad- mirers did not like to exclude it, yet it is a very broken reed to lean upon. You may cut a beautifully looking cupped bloom, but by the time it is placed on the exhibition-table it has opened into a confused looking and damaging flower, and no experienced exhibitor will venture to put that flower among such flowers as Souvenir d'Elise, Comtesse de Nadaillac, Innocente Pirola. or others " of that ilk." I am not quite so surprised at the wonderful difference of opinion as to the hardiness or otherwise of different varieties, although it is somewhat per- plexing to find some electors placing Madame Cusin amongst the hardiest, and some amongst the most delicate, but there are many idiosyncracies amongst them as amongst amateurs ; for instance, I have Comtesse de Nadaillac making shoots 3 or 4 feet long, while a friend told me of some plants whose wood was as thick as one's forefinger, and that he was going to bud from this ; and I feel sure that in like manner, there are plants of many varie- ties which differ from the normal growth, and that where this is the case, a strain may be got up and distributed for the benefit of Rose growers generally. After all, this is not one of those cases in which the multitude of councillors imply wisdom, for even amongst the first twelve which head the list, there may be exception taken ; for instance, beautiful as Madame Van Houtte is, I should never think of placing it as an exhibition flower above Anna Olivier, and yet it appears to have double the number of votes. There is evidence that a good many of these lists have been given by persons who never exhibited a Tea Rose; and as far as a guide for exhibitors or amateurs commencing to grow Teas is concerned, more reliable information would have been obtained from a dozen of the best exhibitors. Wild Rose. base. The petals and lip are pale yellow, the latter as well as the column having a few pale red-purple markings near the base. It was introduced from Guatemala by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, and was described in these columns in 1872, p. 215, and a figure was given in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6251. A specimen came from M. Godefroy Lebeuf, of Argenteuil, France, the other day, for determination, but whether it was derived from a fresh importation or otherwise I am unable to say. B. A. Iiolfe, Herbarium, Kew. New or Noteworthy Plants. CALANTHE VEITCHII ALBAx. A beautiful pure white Calanthe was sent to Kew the other day, by Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., of Hildenley, Malton, Yorkshire, with the infor- mation that it was raised from Calanthe vestita and C. rosea; thus, it comes from the same two parents as produceed C. Veitchiix, and therefore may bear the above name. It is a form of spotless purity, for there is not the slightest trace of colour anywhere, and is therefore a great acquisition. The one other difference from the typical form is, that the lip is a little more distinctly four-lobed ; in fact, it partakes more of the character of C. vestita, while typical C. Vtitchii X takes more after the other parent, C. rosea. The total absence of colour is interest- ing, for I do not remember to have seen a form of C. vestita without either a red or a yellow spot at the base of the lip, though the closely allied C. Turneri nivalis is entirely destitute of colour. Phal.i:nopsis Cynthia X, nat. hyh. There are three supposed natural hybrids between P. Schilleriana and P. Aphrodite (amabilis of gardens), viz., P. leucorrhoda, P. casta, and P. San- deriana, but the present one seems to be quite distinct from either of them, though obviously derived from the same parentage. It appeared as an imported plant in the collection of F. Wigan, Esq., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, and, as it seemed distinct, was brought to Kew for determination, and a flower left for pre- servation in the Herbarium. It is an exceedingly beautiful thing, with much of the general appearance of P. leucorrhoda, though instead of the long tendrils of Aphrodite it has the short ones of Schilleriana, but a little more slender towards the apex. The side-lobes of the lip, however, are large, and far more like those of the other parent, while the unbranched raceme also comes from P. Aphrodite. The vege- tative organs, that is, the roots and leaves, are almost if not quite indistinguishable from those of P. Schil- leriana, so there can be no doubt we have here another natural hybrid between the two species. The sepals and petals are rosy-blush at the base, gradually shading off to nearly white at the margins ; the inner halves of the lateral pair having numerous small rose-purple dots below the middle. The front lobe of the lip is blush-white, suffused with yellow near the base, where also are numerous spots and lines of light purple ; these become fewer and paler in the upper half. The side-lobes have a similar ground colour, with a few large crimson-purple spots near the base, and a few smaller and paler ones in front. Column and crest as in P. Schilleriana. I have not before seen this elegant thing. Lycaste lasioolossa, Bchb.f. This very interesting Lycaste seems to be rather rare in collections, perhaps on account of the want of brilliancy of colouring in its flowers, though the defect is somewhat atoned for by their size and lasting qualities. It has the general appearance of L. plana and L. Schilleriana — of the latter espe- cially, on account of the long sepals and rather short petals. The lip, however, is very peculiar, having the front lobe totally covered with long villose hairs, which readily distinguishes it from the species just named. The sepals are olive-green outside, becoming browner towards the margin, light purple- brown inside, with a close arachnoid pubescence near VANDAS. Off looking through Messrs. B. S.Williams & Son's nursery recently, I remarked the fine condition of the extensive collection of large plants of Vanda. These plants are furnished with healthy leaves from top to bottom, and are from 5 to 6 feet high. The nursery is, and has been long famous for these plants ; and grown, as they are, within the area of London fogs, their condition is admirable. Londoners have been hoping against hope that the deleterious effects of fog may be lessened, but it is a fact that matters have gone from bad to worse, even within the last decade ; and a leading grower of winter- flowering Heaths and other things for the market told me, that plants which did well in his nursery ten years ago cannot now bs grown so as to give satisfaction. It may therefore be satisfactory to orchidophiles to know that their favourites may still be grown to a high state of perfection while many other plants are worsted. The system of culture pursued in the Holloway Nurseries has not been altered for many years, the result hitherto being so satisfactory. The house where the Vandas are grown is span-roofed, and of a height suitable forsuch tall plants. Vandas require but little shade — only enough to prevent scorching in hot weather — and the plants almost touch the roof. Mr. Williams says, the less shade they have the better they v/ill flower — and they do flower well here, most of them twice in the year. The house is heated by three rows of 4-inch pipes, which pass round the house, and there are four zinc evaporating troughs, fitted on to the pipes, for use in the summer. The winter temperature is kept at about a minimum of 60°, and raised to 65° by day. Other important details of their management con- sist in giving air when the temperature rises to 65°,and damping the paths, walls, &c, morning and evening if the air be dry, the application of moisture depend- ing upon the weather to a large extent ; little is required at the present time, and none at all while the atmosphere is laden with fog or saturated with moisture. In summer, abundant supplies of moisture are found necessary, and it does the plants most good if it be evaporated from the stage on which the plants stand. The plants are rarely syringed over, and care is taken not to sprinkle water on the hot-water pipes when these are hot. The potting material employed for Vandas is sphagnum moss, and the pots used are new or very clean ones. The smaller growing species are commonly grown in hanging baskets of teak wood. White scale, which infests the plants, is destroyed with soap-suds and a sponge. Fumigation with tobacco smoke is injurious, and causes the lower leaves of Vandas to fall oft". The plan of steaming a house with tobacco juice now practised at these nurseries does not produce any such dis- astrous result, and effectually disposes of aphis and other insects. I was fortunate in seeing a thanata- phore in action. The operation is easily performed and the insects are effectually destroyed without injury being done to Udontoglossums or Miltouias of the vexillaria or Roezlii types. There were some handsome spikes of bloom to be seen, notably a long one of Vanda 6uavis. Three forms of V. tricolor were in flower, one supposed to be the typical species, with sepals of pale yellow, spotted brownish-red, and the lip tinted with rose ; V. tricolor insignis, not the true V. insignis, but a good form of V. tri- February 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CUROXICLE. 133 color ; the sepals and petals more brightly spotted, and the lip pale rosy-lilac ; V. tricolor formosa, more richly coloured, and densely spotted than the type ; V. t. var. Patersoni is a beautiful form, which flowers whilst still quite small — the flowers, 2 inches in diameter, have cream-white sepals and petals of great breadth, densely spotted with cinnamon-brown, and the lip is bright magenta (see fig. 21, p. 135) ; V. Denisoniana unicolor had the outer surface of the sepals and petals of a brown colour. All the year round spikes of Vandas in great blotched and spotted reddish brown, with a broad rosy-tinted lip. There are several more species of Vandas that cannot be omitted from any collection of Orchids worthy of the name ; notably, the distinct and handsome V. cccrulea. At one time it was an expensive plant, but, thanks to the enterprise of im- porters, the day of high prices is gone not to return. It is free to flower, and its long spikes of large and delicate blue blossoms command the admiration of everyone in October and November. A word of FlO. 20. — VANDA SfAVIs: TO SHOW HABIT. (sEB P. 1 ■>-.) variety of form and colour may be seen. The old V. Boxburghii was there— a beautiful species, and the first to flower in England. V. teres, a very free- growing plant of great beauty, likes more warmth than others ; ind»ed, at Great Gcaries we almost roast it and the Dendrobiums in summer time, and nearly dry it up in the winter, with the result that it never fails to flower freely. The true V. insignia from the Moluccas is distinct from V. tricolor, and the flowers which are generally produced on short spikes are from 2 to 2\ inches in diameter, the sepals and petals yellowish-brown in colour, thickly caution may be useful here ; that is, never to pur- chase plants which are in an unhealthy state ; and again, when once the right place in the house has been found for them, do not move them about. They like a light, airy position, and in the resting period to be kept cool at night. In their native habitat, the temperature falls to the freezing point, and the plants are exposed on the boughs of trees. They do better in cylinders of teak wood than in pots. The pretty V. cuerulescens and its variety Boxallii, more recently introduced, are always admired when in flower. In strange contrast to this pretty little thing, there is the noble V. Sanderiana, a native of one of the Philippine Islands, and requiring therefore a high temperature. The flowers, quite 4 inches in diameter, are freely produced. Like V. cccrulea it grows on the tops of trees, where it gets but little shade ; I saw it quite recently growing and flowering freely in the Rev. F. D. Horner's garden at Lowfields, in an intermediate temperature, where Cattleya citrinawas likewise growing well ; it was quite near the roof in a house that was well ventilated. It may be found to succeed admirably with the usual collection of \ andas, which require only a moderate amount of heat There is also the grand V. saavis, which is a valuable exhibition plant and blooms at various periods (see figs 20, 22). The still more recent V. Amesiana and V. Kimballiana are important additions, which while being distinct and beautiful are not expensive. J. Douglas, NOTES FROM HUN STEAD. Midwinter is not the best time in which to visit a garden of herbaceous and alpine plants, but when compared with those which are devoted chiefly to bedding-out, and where the winter or spring fashion of tilling the beds does not obtain, then the former is not only more interesting and effective, but has also the advantage of always having something in (lower which may be cut for the flower-glasses ; and, moreover, in a mild winter like the present, such a garden is capable of yielding a quantity of beautiful and useful flowers. Amongst the foremost at Munstead.Godalming, at present, and for some time past, is Ilelleborus niger, of which there is a large colony of the best selected early and late types, all (lowering abundantly; and Mr, Gerrard tells me that he often cuts at one time hundreds of spot- less snow white flowers, and one can easily imagine what a charming sight these must be when culled in all their pristine beauty. It need scarcely be remarked that they have a congenial home, and are well cared for ; and the situation chosen is one adapted to their requirements. It is a somewhat circular little dell, near to the edge of a wood, sheltered and shaded by old and rather stunted Scotch Firs with comparatively few branches, except near their tops. It must not, how- ever, be thought that the Hellebores are densely shaded, for the sunny side of the dell is fairly open, admitting plenty of light, yet the raised side of the dell shields the plants from the direct rays of the sun, but on the opposite side the sun evidently will strike with full force. And here another hint may be gleaned by those who wish to know what to plant on a dry and relatively sterile bank. Such a bank is here planted with Helleborus fcotidus, which grows and flowers splendidly, its dark green leaves contrasting finely with the long panicles of light green flowers. As grown here it is certainly a striking and orna- mental plant. Another similarly striking plant is the old II. lividus, with its erect stems and tuft of triiid glabrous leaves, with obloug pointed, sharp-toothed segments. There are also large established masses of the best varieties and species of Aquilegias, and other moisture-loving plants which in due season maintain the show in this flowery dell. Passing thence to a secluded wood- land grove, we Bee immense quantities of hybrid Primroses, which are now giving promise of a great floral display ; and even already many of the Har- binger type give colour to the scene. There is also found a mass of the Giant Snowdrop, then a colony of the bright yellow Winter Aconite, the purple Helleborus colchicus or the white H. orientalis ; and large spaces are carpeted with such plants as Thymus serpyllum var. lanuginosa or Dryas octapetala ; and suddenly peeping out from beneath a few Spruce branches, as if quietly gone to bed for the winter a large mass of that curious member of the Cactus family— Opuntia Rafinesquii, with its curious thick fleshy leaf-like branches, is espied. A plait which is much appreciated here is Leonotis Leon- nrus, with its whorls of scarlet, Salvia-like flowers. It requires, however, the protection of a cool house, 134 THE GA E D E XE I? S' C HE 0 XI CL E. [February 1, 1890. and here this kind of protection is afforded by a cool conservatory. The plants are large ones, and are grown outside in summer, and housed on the approach of frost. The conservatory is a structure of no great size, artistically ai ranged with an easy winding path down the centre, which touches a bit of rockwork, or skirts a miniature bit of water, over and around which Ferus ramble at will. Although the house was filled to overflowing, yet it contained few of the things which may be called florist flowers proper, but instead, we find such plants as the sweet-scented Daphne indica, laden with hundreds of its corymbose flower-heads. Helio- tropes, Salvias, Veronicas, some interesting species of Calceolaria, &c. The walls and rafters are furnished with Akebia quinata. Stauntonia species, Lardi- zahala biternata, and Physianthus pungens, together with many quaint species of Asparagus and Kuscus. In a house such as this there is always something to attract and to interest— indeed, Miss Jekyll's garden, with its great wealth of plants varying in character as the seasons change, has always something fresh and interesting to be seen, visit it whenever vou mav. F. S. Nursery Notes ME. BULL'S ORCHIDS. In a recent visit paid to Mr. W. Bull's New Plant Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, we were fortunate to find in his many houses numerous good things coming into bloom, not enough of them certainly to furnish his now well-known show-house, but still sufficient to make a visit at this season, of interest. The first house visited contained a collection of Odontoglossum Alexandras, many fine varieties throwing their arching racemes of white flowers over the side-benches. Of spikes that will continue to open for several months yet, hundreds were noticed, and many were still hidden within the growths. The two natural hybrids, Odontoglossum as- persum Humeanum, and 0. aspersum were observed, the first-named being much the better flower. In the same house grew Zygopetalum crinitum rubro- venosum, with red veins on the lip, and nume- rous brown spots on other parts, that con- trast well with the general blue colour of the lip. A dark red Lycaste Skinneri, named rubella, was noted, but the varieties of this Orchid are almost without end ; and in a much warmer house some excellent forms of L. S. alba, a pure white and large flower, and an equally large but creamy-white flower, with some yellow in the throat, were noted, the latter having the name L. S. a. lutescens ; for purity of colour, the first-named is by far the most effective. To return to the Odonto- glossum-hoiue, the curious Pleurothallis scapha was just expanding its tailed Masdevallia-like blooms ; and Odontoglossum maculaturn erosum and O. maculatum were shewing blooms. In this house were Oncidiura chrysomorphum, a spike densely filled with small yellow flowers that would be an effective object when of a large size ; the beautiful Odontoglossum cirrosum Hrubyanum, and Ada aurantiacum. Masdevallia» at this nursery are very well grown, the stock being in leaf dark green, sturdy, and very clean. The night temperature maintained at this season does not exeeed 40c, and that for the day 50° to GO0. There were but few in bloom, and M. militaris, with the rich crimson veins on a lighter ground, was the most striking of these. Oncidiurn macranthum, always a remarkable feature here, promises to make a finer display than usual. These plants occupied a house with Odonto- glossum Rossi majus, many of which bore flowers ; O. blandum, O. Pescatorei, 0. Leopardinum, a few Colax jugosus, La'lia anceps Sanderiana, L. a. grandi- flora, and L. a. Eyermanniana, a pale form, with light purple tips to the petals and sepals. Other forms of this favourite winter flowering Orchid were noticed in L. autumnalis, L. anceps rubra, and L. albida Marianne. Many Cypripediums in flower, including Dautheri, callosum, regale, gemmiferum, were found in a house kept some degrees warmer than any other previously entered. In this house was a nice strong specimen of the rare Oncidiurn splendidum, carrying some few blooms— a showy and effective plant when well furnished with its curious barred flowers, which have a peculiarly large, yellow lip. The free flowering, fragrant Saccolabium giganteum, with sepils and petals of white, Amethyst spotted, and cuniform lip of mauve was noted to be in bloom ; it is an in- valuable plant for winter, and lasts about six weeks in good condition. Another fragrant plant met with in bloom was Pilumna nobilis ; it is of a pure white, and carried many flower9. One of the pret- tiest, Sophronitis violacea, was in bloom]; also the bright-coloured S. militaris, the most brilliant of them all, had a few blooms lefc, but the display was virtually at an end. The large half-span house given up to Laslia pur- purata, Vandas of most species, Cattleyas mostly Trianais, Percivallianum, &c, was, as usual, crammed with big specimens, whose every growth contained a flower-sheath, and gave promise of a fine display in due season. Every plant looked healthy, and was certainly remarkably free from insects or blemishes. A few Cattleyas had opened a bloom here and there— C. Triame alba, very pure in colour, and still rare ; C. T. delicata, C. Percivalliana raar- ginata, a rich-coloured flower. A specimen of the grand Ansellia africana was throwing a few of its clusters of rich brown and yellow flowers from the apex of the tall stems. It is a very abundant and enduring bloomer. In the houses which lay behind the great show- house we found some Phaius Blumei, with many spikes of its yellow and light brown flowers ; also of the much longer known P. grandifolius, some hybrids of Oypripediura insigne, C. Warneri, and C. Spiceri- anuin. The line Veitchiana hybrid, C. Arthurianum (two plants) was in flower. It is a pretty study in light browns, colours that are obtained from the parents, C. vexillarium and C. insigne Maulei. The new Vanda Amesiana and many of Phakenopsis Schilleriana were in bloom, but the fog had immolated the blooms of the PhaUcnopsis most pitiably. The sweet-scented Deudrobium heterocarpum perfumed the air in one house visited with the odour of Violets. Many Ccelogyne cristata, and including amongst them numbers of the Chatsworth variety, were seen in a house with Vanda suavis, V. tricolor, and other Vandas. The interesting Orchid, Catasetum Darwinianum was nicely in flower. The Cymbi- diums, growing as freely as grass, were the last of the Orchids observed. Of course, we saw nothing in bloom, and were left to admire the extreme healthi- ness of the 6tock of C. Lowianum, C. eburneum, C. Hookerianum, C. Mastersii, and many more. The temperature of the house seemed to us to be rather low, and in answer to our inquiry, Mr. Bull replied that the temperature at night at this season was main- tained at about 45°, rising to 50°, and to .j."> with sunheat. A giaceful Palm of light appearance, and well suited, amongst other uses, for indoor and table decoration, was observed in Phoenix hybrida, a Palm raised, we were told, in India. Mr. Bull seemed to have a good stock of it. great fears were expressed lest the builder, ever on the look-out for " eligible sites," would lay his hands on it, cut down much of the timber, and build villas, or what not. But through the exertions of Sir Whittaker J. Ellis, a citizen of London, resident at Richmond, the town became the possessor of a portion of the property. The ground was planted originally with great good taste, and it is now, in June and July, before the summer suns have browned the lawns, a most enjoyable place. The trees are getting much crowded — spoiling each other, in fact; and the judicious use of the axe is much needed. Fresh soil and manures around trees and in the shrubberies, and the lrberal use of the water hose in the summer are things much needed. The views from the crest and upper parts of the hill over the country and river in front, are acknow- ledged by all who have seen them to be very charming. Our supplement illustration is reproduced from a photograph by Messrs. Byrne, of Richmond. THE TERRACE GARDENS, RICHMOND, SURREY. [See Supplementary Sheet.] Few English-speaking persons are ignorant of the beauties of Richmond and its neighbourhood — a fact acknowledged centuries ago, when royalty built its abodes on the outskirts of the little town in what was, in Henry VIII. s time, a very extensive park, and at Sheen and Petersham. The Dukes of Buccleuch possessed landed and other property at Richmond, and the beautiful wooded slope which stretches down from the crest of Richmond Hill to the river formed part of it. It is separated from the river by the lower or Petersham Road, and a narrow strip of land beyond. The estate was some three years' ago in the market, and RAILWAY CHARGES FOR SMALL PARCELS. My attention has been directed to the letter from Mr. Farrance in a recent issue, p. 86. The com- parison made by him is as between " actual rates," i.e., rates now charged, and " maximum rates" now proposed for smalls. Tne comparison made in your article referred to by him, is as between " maximum rates " originally proposed by the London and North- western Rail. Co., and " maximum rates " now pro- posed by that company. In the case of the Great Eastern Rail. Co., the original proposal was to charge for smalls " such reasonable sum as the com- pany may think fit.'' This was the same in the case of each railway company, except the London and North- Western Railway Company and the Great Western Rail. Co. The former company proposed to charge, as stated by you, "double rates and charges in class 5." This would give for conveyance, iOd. per ton per mile for first 20 miles, 9d. for next 20. Sd. for next 2D, and 7^. for remainder ; and for terminals-station, 4s. per ton, and service, 7s. per ton : total terminals, lis. per ton. The latter com- pany proposed " such reasonable sum as the com- pany may think fit, not exceeding rates and charges in class 5." It will thus be seen that as between the original and present proposals a very considerable reduction has been made, especially as the present proposal includes all terminal charges. The Board of Trade will doubtless compel all the railway companies to adopt the present proposed maxima for smalls instead of leaving each company to decide as to what is fair and reasonable, thus giving the trader no voice in the matter. When, however, a comparison is made between the actual rates now paid by Mr. Farrance and the present pro- posed maxima, I quite agree that he will be at a great disadvantage, that is if the company choose to avail themselves of their full powers to charge their maxima. This is what the trade has hitherto failed to realise, and what my Association is endeavouring to obviate. Undoubtedly a vast increase in rates will be the result of the enquiry unless steps be taken to prevent it. When the labours of the en- quiry are ended, and the railway companies commence to wield their newly-acquired powers (their protesta- tions to the contrary notwithstanding), I imagine that the ranks of your correspondents having the same experience as Mr. Farrance, will be consider- ably enlarged. Their consolation of vainly beating the air will be very poor. I am grateful to Mr. Farrance for thus giving me the opportunity of emphasizing that which was universally expressed at the recent meeting. Whilst on the subject of maximum rates, will you allow me the space to quote from the cross-examina- tion of Mr. Findlay, general manager of the London and North-Western Railway Company, what his reasons were for fixing the maxima so high after the representations which were continually made to the effect that no company would ever enforce them? Q. You told me the rates would be exactly the same, whether there was a maximum or not? Febouaky 1, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 105 A. What I intended to convey, and I hope I made it clear, is this : that the rates under which the commerce and trade of the country are carried are fixed with regard to what the traffic will bear, having regard to the circumstances you mentioned, but in no case, having regard to the Parliamentary rates of the companies, must they exceed the maxima. Q. But without consideration of the powers of the company, you make these maximum charges ? A. I should not object to that proposition. Q. If maxima are fixed at an amount that no railway company would ever charge, that cannot he just or reasonable ? A. That must be in the discretion of the Court. Q. We have to influence the discretion of the Court by facts, and we have to get facts tolay before the Court ? A. I adopt that suggestion. <2. Therefore the maxima must be fixed at a position that will practically protect the traders ? FlO. -1. — VA.NDA TlilCOLOB, VAU. PATKRSONI. (SEE FlO. -1. VANHA sr.un, wiviatk's VABIBTY. (SEE P. 133.) A. We have no limit, except our own discretion, so long as we do not exceed the maxima. < '. If there is to be a maximum ut all, it ought to be one fixed in a way that will be a protection to the trader? A. Yes. I'arliament has so decided, and I think it is a fair proposition. ','■ If maxima are fixed at an amount that no railway company would ever think of charging, they are no protection to the traders of the country '! A. JTes. Q. Looking at your (actual) rates all round, I take it they are reasonable rates, and just to the railway company, enabling the railway company to pay a very good dividend ? A. We do manage to pay a dividend, but not very good. Being further pressed, he admitted that the London and North-Western Railway stock was then quoted at 182. You will thus see that the actual rates are sufficient for all purposes, and notwithstanding this, the original proposal of this company was to charge rates enormously in excess of such actual rates. F. C. Goodchild, Secretary, Xttrscrg and Seal Trade Association, Li.it iled. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. L.FLIA CRAWSHAYANA AND L. GOULDIANA. I have read Mr. Crawshay's note at p. 78 with much interest, because he has the original L. Craw- shayana in his possession, and therefore is in a position to compare the two plants. He was also kind enough to write me that his plant would be exhibited at the Drill Hall on January 14, where I might see it, and satisfy myself what the true plant really was. Unfortunately I was unable to be present at the meeting in question, but no doubt Mr. Crawshay will be able to spare a raceme just before the flowers wither, so that it may be preserved in the Kew Herbarium for future reference. This would prevent much confusion in future, and it is certain that spurious plants of both, exist in collec- tions under these names. The danger is that when a (lower is received under a given name, that not being already in the Herbarium, one may assume it to be correct, when all the time it may be erroneous. What came here as L. Crawshayana originally, is distinct from anything else that we have, but it agrees with Reichenbach's L. C. leucoptera, and I am quite satisfied it is a natural hybrid between L. albida and L. autumnalis. Bat that author believed the true L. Crawshayana to be a hybrid between L. anceps and L. autumnalis (not albida, because the flowers were larger). Now Messrs. V. Sander & Co. send L. Crawshayana, and Mr. .1. Godseff kindly informs me that it is almost identical with the plant Mr. Craw- shay exhibited. Hut this plant, which 1 had not seen before, seems to me a hybrid between L. albida and L. anceps, in which opinion I am not alone. If this is right, I believe I am justified in calling the first-named L. leucopteia. and all who think that hy- brids with different parentages should not be included under the same name, will surely agree. It does not seem likely, as Mr. Crawshay suggests, that 1,. Craw- shayana and L. albida Stobartiana " dropped from the same fruit," for either both would be natural hybrids or else forms of L, albida ; and the latter cer- tainly is, but surely not the former. Nor can I agree that ill" Origin of these forms is a matter of little interest. A new plant may be a new species, a new variety merely, or a natural hybrid. If the latter, it is sarely interesting to know its parentage. It seems pretty clear that L. albida, L anceps, and L. autumnalis, are three quite distinct species, that they have been found growing together, ami that they may occasionally hybridise together. From the latest evidence, 1 think L. Crawshayana comes from 1, albida X anceps, and L. leucoptera from L. albida X autumnalis. Now the question is, does L. (iouldiana come from the one Other possible combi- nation L. autumnalis x anceps, or is it only a variety of the former? .More specimens have come to hand during the last few days, and it appears to exist in large numbers, which is against its hybrid origin, though I formerly tried to follow Reichenbach in considering it a possible hybrid. Perhaps after all, L. autumnalis is more variable than is commonly sup- posed ; and if a large series of specimens were examined, would be found to include L. furfiiraci.i and L. Gouldiana. B. A. Rolfe, Herbarium, Kew. ('', PEIPEDIU.il \ II I.IISUM. Richard Blake, Esq., of Winterhourne, Dauntsey, Salisbury, has been for many years an enthusiastic and successful cultivator of I irchids and other choice tropical plants, and the courteous and hospitable receptions extended to visitors wishing to see Mr. lilake's Orchid-houses, &c, are well known and appreciated by a large circle of amateur and profes- 136 THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE. [FEBRUARY 1, 1890. sional gardeners who call on hiru, and whence they return in possession of some valuable hint regarding the successful culture of some particular species. Among the plants in flower in Mr. Blake's collection at the present time, the most notable is a fine healthy plant of Cypripedium villosum, which carries fifty of its orange-red and purplish-green flowers, of fine size and substance, and all are open together. It was shifted out of a 12-inch into a 15-inch pot four years ago, and is potted in peat and sphagnum. Late in the autumn the plant was put into the Cattleya- house, where it remained till the end of the year, when it threw up its flowers, and was soon afterwards taken to the cool-house, in which it is at present. The plant is about 3 feet in diameter. H. W. W. Dendrobium Schneiderianum x . This beautiful hybrid, between D. Findlayanum and D. aureum, raised in the collection of Oscar Schneider, Esq., Rusholme, Manchester, but dis- tributed by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, is now again in flower in the Royal Exotic Nurseries, King's Road, Chelsea. It is a free grower and profuse bloomer ; the flowers in size and form resembling those of a good D. Ainsworthii; the sepals and petals of pure white, and with a clear pink tinge on the outer halves ; the lip is white, tipped with pink, and has rich orange marking at the base, which is also adorned with dark chocolate-coloured blotches. From the florists' point of view, it is a fine advance in Dendrobes. D. splendidissimum grandiflorumX, also of Messrs. Veitch's raising, is in bloom, and is a long way ahead of others of its class. J. O'B. Epidendrum polybulbon. This neat growing species, although an early introduction, is still rare in gardens. Some well flowered plants of it are now in bloom in Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons' nurseries. The plant is only a few inches in height, and the numerous small pseudo- bulbs bear comparatively large flowers. One form seen at Chelsea, had sepals and petals of a pale green colour, and lip of snowy whiteness; whilst others had the sepals and petals more or less marked witli chestnut-red. Sophronitis violacea in bloom at Messrs. Veitch's, with numerous mauve flowers, forms an excellent companion to the Epidendrum. J, O'B. Angr.t!Cum sesquipedale. A very fine plant of this beautiful Orchid is now in flower (in the collection of W. C.Pickersgill.Esq , Blendon Hall, Bexley, gr. Mr. F. Moore), carrving six magnificent flowers. J. Can-ill. L.TXIA MONOPHYI.LA is a distinct and pretty species, bearing upon its slender stems linear-oblong leaves, which are soli- tary and dark green. It forms a creeping rhizome, and grows to a height of from C to 10 inches. The flowers are borne upon a slender peduncle, which issues from a small sheath situated on the top of the stem, the colour of the oblong sepals and petals being vivid orange-scarlet; lip minute, yellow, column tipped with purple on the anther-cap. It blooms duriDg the months of August, September and October, and the plants continue in full beauty for several weeks. This little plant requires somewhat different treatment to most Lcelias. It is remarkable as being the only member of the family which has yet been found off the American mainland, as its native home is on trees which grow on the mountains in Jamaica, at elevations of from 3500 to 5000 feet above the sea-level, where the mean temperature is cool. With us it succeeds well in the Odontoglossum- house, hung up near the roof-glass, in order that it may obtain the benefit of the full light ; but yet it requires to be shaded from the strong sun. We also find that shallow pans or baskets are the best to grow it in ; these must be well drained, and very little potting material should be used about its roots, but good fibrous peat is the best material to use. This should be elevated into a cone-like mound, and the plant set upon the top ; when so placed, the roots can work inside or outside, and no water will lay about its crown. Having no bulbs, it requires a very moist atmosphere, and a moderate amount of water to its roots at all seasons. This plant is found growing somewhat low down on the stems of trees in its native mountains, and in this situation it is subject to rains all the year round, and heavy dews at night, the plants never becoming thoroughly dry. They are also shaded from the hottest sunshine, and obtain an abundance of fresh air, Nature providing for them in such a manner that their wants are all supplied ; and in a state of cultivation we must endeavour to imitate as nearly as possible the conditions under which they grow in a state of Nature. The cultivator should ever keep a watchful eye upon this little gem, and if the plant does not appear to thrive in one posi- tion, or in one aspect, it should be removed to another, for frequently a change of aspect in the same house produces a wonderful effect, and leads to the achieve- ment of success. The best time to re-basket this plant is immediately before growth commences, and in performing the operation the greatest care is necessary, in order to prevent injury to a single root. However, it will not require a fresh basket or fresh soil often, which is a great benefit, for this, like many other small-growing plants, cannot withstand disturbance at the roots. DENDROBIUM transparens is a pretty and distinct, somewhat small- flowered plant, which is deciduous. It has upright stems a foot or more high, and the flowers appear in pairs or in threes for a considerable length up the well-ripened bulbs, in the same manner as those of D. nobile. The individual flowers are about an inch and a half across, and are somewhat transparent in texture, hence its specific name ; in colour they are white, suffused with rosy lilac or pinkish lilac, with a deep blood-coloured blotch at the base of the lip. The bloom- ing season is from the month of March until June, and sometimes it may be found in flower in July, the blooms continuing in full beauty for several weeks. This species is well adapted for growing in small Teak-wood baskets, or in shallow pans, so that they may be suspended near the roof- glass, fully exposed to the sun and light, shading only being necessary when the sun is very powerful, for thev grow naturally upon rocks and trees, with a good exposure ; aud if, by judicious admission of air and on abundant supply of moisture, both to the roots and in the atmosphere, these conditions can be imitated, success will follow. The material we find to suit it best is good fibrous upland peat and sphagnum moss. As we have previously remarked, an abundant supply of moisture during the growing season is necessary, while during the resting season it may be kept dry ; but the plant must not on any account be allowed to shrivel, just a sufficiency of moisture being given fiom time to time, to keep the slender, stem-like bulbs in a plump and fair condition. It is a plant which blooms after the resting season, and when it begins to show its flower-buds, the specimens will require a little moisture to their roots, to enable them to develop fine flowers, which also last longer in beautv if properly nourished. The East India House is the most suitable place to grow this plant, where it should be suspended near to the roof-glass, in sucli a position that it may be conveniently syringed on a warm day, as it delights in moisture during active growth, and moisture from the syringe helps to keep away red-spider, which sometimes will attack these plants with slender membraneous leaves. As there are a great many species which require similar treatment, they should all be grown together in one place ; indeed, if a house can be devoted entirely to Dendrobiums during these growing and resting seasons, the results will be found well deserving of this isolation. " Orchid Album," November, 1880. These will respond to treatment in gentle warmth at top and root, a few inches of new tan or leaves being first added to the hot-beds. In a short time their fruits will soon show on stout short stems, the certain forerunner of weighty fruit. Such robust plants will be able to assimilate manurial stimulants in abundance ; and for this purpose I prefer Peruvian guano of good quality given liberally, in water at a temperature of not less than ,80°. A bottom-heat of 80° to 90° will be suitable, but in one of 100° will be found danger ; and extremes of any kind are apt to induce black cores, shrivelling of the stem, or other infirmity. Increase the humidity of the house, but let the air get dry at times, and be changed once, at least, daily, or big crowns will form. The night temperature should range from 65° to 70°, and by day an advance of 10° or more with sun-heat will do good, but endeavour to avoid sun and fire acting together. It is a good plan to place the pots in position on the beds, but not fill up the plunging material until it has been seen that the bottom-heat will not be excessive. Crowding the plants together is injurious. Stout, stocky suckers put into 7 or 8-inch pots during last August, and shifted into 12-inch pots four to six weeks later, if skilfully handled up to the present time, will respond to the generous treatment above stated, but a few degrees lower temperature is advisable, or the plants may become drawn. Preparations should now be in progress for the general February potting ; whilst such suckers that have become fit to be de- tached from the old stools may be potted into 7-inch pots, to be afterwards shifted into the fruiting pots at a later date. I have a great objection to potting a plant with a matted ball, and would prefer to reduce such a plant to the condition of a sucker. Before doing any potting, see that the soil about the roots is moistened throughout by careful watering two or three days previously. I prefer a good holding kind of turfy loam, cut thin, and stacked for six months before use, and if it contain sharp grit in plenty so much the better, and if it do not, sharp sand should be added as well as a few crushed bones and soot ; sifted old mortar rubble may be used in lieu of the grit. The soil should be warmed, and be in a con- dition intermediate between wet and dry. Pot very firmly, and withhold water till the roots have begun to work into this new soil. W. Crump, Madresficld Court, Malvern. Fruits Undeji Glass. The Pinery.— Queen Pine-apples, if required for, say, the London season, must be selected from the po'ssible fruiters at once, choosing the strong, stocky plants, with thick broad leaves, and open centres. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Currants.— Both red and white varieties should be spur-pruned, if numerous small bunches are desired, but the finest fruit is produced on young bushes when these have the shoots well thinned, so as to allow light to reach the interior of the bush, removing old branches no longer very fruitful, and spurring all the best placed shoots to two eyes, but leaving a few clean, straight, well-ripened and well- placed young shoots, where space will admit of this being done without crowding, as these not only help to maintain the bushes in vigour, but they produce the finest fruit. Black Currants are not improved by being spur-pruned, and no form of growing them that I have tried succeeds so well as the bush, although standards and other methods of training bushes have been tried. These look well in a garden for variety's sake, but quality and quantity of fruit are lacking. A good variety should be grown, although it is often found that of the same variety there may be picked out two or three bushes on a quarter much superior to the others, and from those only should cut- tings be taken. A light forking over of the ground between the bushes should be given, but deep dig- ging ought to be avoided, unless the bushes stand at wide distances apart, when no harm would follow deep digging in the middle spaces. Filberts and Cobs. — Wherever these are liked, no pains should be spared to get them as fine and large as the soil and district will admit of. The bushes should be kept hollow— that is, basin-shaped. The shoots at the circumference kept about 1{- feet apart, and all suckers should be rigorously extirpated, and this should not be left entirely till the winter, but thev should be drawn up in summer as well. Do not prune any bushes before the female flowers become visible, or the work will be of a very haphazard kind. The pruning most suitable for Filberts is a slightly modified kind of Currant pruning, spurring in side- shoots, and shortening back the female (Nut-bear- in") ones, by merely cutting back the unripe points, and not always doing that, remembering that a crop of Nuts is of more value than any system, however February 1, 1800.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 137 good. Nuts form a profitable crop where the situation is warm and sheltered, and the soil good without being rich. The purple-leafed variety, so telling a plant in the shrubbery, will bear fine Nuts under ordinary good management. A. Ecans, Lythc Hill, Haslenicre. Plants and Their Culture. The Ferxert. — During the next week or so is a suitable time to work at the plants in the fernery, and other houses containing Ferns ; repotting and top-dressing all that require these operations. If the materials are ready for the work, it is well to commence thus early, so as to give the plants ample time to form perfect fronds. Adiantum cuneatum, if required for cutting purposes, should be grown in large batches, of which the earliest will now have begun to grow, and these should get a shift, dividing them into several pieces if large, should additional plants be necessary. We grow our latest Adiantums for cutting very cool, and giving just enough warmth to keep them in health. A late vinery is a suitable place for them through the summer months. Davallias need nearly the same kind of treatment when grown for cutting fronds, they being divided and repotted, and their creeping rhizomes pegged down. The watering should be done with care till new roots are made. Gynogiaiiimas, and Ferns of similar growth, should be repotted, care being taken not to over-pot them. The drainage should be made of clean crocks, and only peat and coarse silver-sand should be employed. Pot firmly, and place the newly- potted stuff at the warmer part of the house, taking care to keep them dry overhead. Small plants of Gymnogrammas, spore-raised and others, will soon make useful plants if grown on in a warm house. Where there is a large demand for these species of Fern, and there exists a difficulty in keeping up the supply of them, plants from spores should be looked after, and assiduously grown on. Adiantum Farleyense needs much the same treatment as the Gymnogrammas — that is, placing it at the warmer part of the house, and out of the reach of the syringe. Young plants should have roomy pots, and a compost consisting of materials of a heavier nature than those advised for the other species of Ferns, and fibrous yellow loam with plenty of coarse sand may be mixed in it. Gleichenias. — These plants should be examined and repotted, and the rhizomes pegged down. Shal- low pots or pans are best, and the drainage should be plentiful. These and other Ferns which may be infested with brown scale should be cleansed before they are repotted, and have the old fronds removed. Tobacco-water made rather strong, with a little soft- soap added, should be used for plants that are badly infested, and sponging should be resorted to in these cases, as it is of the greatest importance that a start should be made early in the season with clean fronds, or the young growths will soon also be overrun. Pterii terrulata and P. crelica are good for cut- ting, and although both are very subject to scale, they grow so readily, that dirty plants should not be harboured, but thrown away. Basket Ferns may be taken in hand, and new material added if large fronds are desired. Before turning these plants out of their baskets, thoroughly soak the soil. Many free-growing Ferns will last in good condition for a longer period if loam be used in the new compost, and old mortar rubble in small quantities is of benefit if the loam be heavy, and in that case less sand is desirable. A sufficient quan- tity of Selaginellas, in variety, should be secured, and especially of the hardier S. denticulate and S. Martensii. Edgings of Ferneries, if made of Selagi- nellas, may now be replanted, taking care that the soil employed for them is loamy and rich. Tree Ferns, if found to be too dry at the roots, must be thoroughly saturated, and then any repotting that is required may be done, the house being kept rather closer afterwards, and the watering carefully per- formed, (i. Wythes, Si/on House, Brentford. The Kitchen Garden. Tiik Treatment of Cabbages.— Where a deficiency is likely to occur in Cabbages planted in the autumn, a sowing of seed should at once be made in pans or boxes in a mild warmth, and the seedlings duly har- dened off, and planted out when the weather is suit- able. Sow the seed thinly in sandy loamy soil, not made rich, but pressed moderately firm ; cover the seeds either very slightly or not at all. The pans may be stood in a vinery or Peach-house newly started, until the plants appear above the soil and have a pair of true leaves, when transference to another pit or house where there is plenty of air is advisable. If left in a moist heat or far from the glass anywhere, the plants damp off or become drawn. Watering at all times during the early stages should be done cautiously. Ellaui's Early Enfield and Stuart & Mein's No. 1, are very trustworthy varieties that succeed each other in coming into use. A pinch of seed of the red variety may also be sown if there are no autumn-sown plants, otherwise the Cabbage will not form a good heart. Make good all gaps in beds that were autumn planted, making the soil firm about the plants, and keep slugs in check by constantly dust- ing the soil about the plants with soot and lime, or wood ashes in a dry state ; and even the troublesome method of handpickinghassometimes to be resorted to. Cauliflowers. — Make a sowing of these, for coming into use in June and July. Early Erfurt, Dean's Snowball, Early London and Walcheren, I find to be excellent varieties for summer : these varieties form a good succession. Sow thinly in pans of light sandy soil, place them like the Cabbage in a warm place and near the light, and when large enough to handle, prick them off into cutting-boxes or pans, or what is much better, a frame with a mild bottom-heat. The Erfurt type may be pricked off into small pots, putting three into each pot, and being more dwarf than any other they may with advantage be closely planted in the open when the time arrives to do so. Keep the plants always growing, great care being necessary to prevent any check, or buttoning will ensue. ..—If Lettuces are required at an early date, a sowing of some approved variety may be made in gentle heat and in pans, pricking out the seedlings in frames, and transplanting them on to a sunny border in April. Another way is to sow the seeds at once in a frame placed in a sheltered corner facing the south, keeping the frame close until germination has taken place, when air must be given, moderately at first, and afterwards abundantly. Cover the' seed but slightly, and press the soil to a moderate degree of firmness. Hu.-li. ['hose beds in bearing should be carefully examined, and if dry be then moistened with tepid water.nnd the temperature of the structure kept at about 55 '. Mushroom ridges should also be ex- amined, and if the covering is decaying, fresh, sweet litter must be put in its place. Put on more cover- in;.' if the plunging thermometer indicates a fall below 80°, If the horse-droppings for mushroom beds are collected daily, spread them thinly on the ground in an open shed till enough has been got together to make a bed, when, if the rank steam and heat have been thrown off, a long heap may be made, and when fermentation recommences, it should be turned ovei once and again some few days afterwards, In making up the materials, if in the mushroom house proper, the beds may !»■ 15-inch thick at the back and Li inches at the front, beating the materials very firmly as they are placed in position. Beds in 'sheds not properly heated should be not less than - feel thick at the back and 1 foot 8 inches at the front, if made with one slope. If made as a ridge, a." feet base ami L" feel in height will do. Abed when it has a temperature of S0°, is fit for spawning, and after the spawn is inserted in egg-sized pieces, just under the surface and one foot apart, a couple of inches of sifted loam, moderately heavy, should be laid on the bed and beaten smoothly. Cover the beds with dry litter. //. Marhham, Mereworth Cattle, Maidstone. The Orchid Houses. East [ndiah Bouse —Any forward plants of Cattleya Warneri which may be standing in the Cattle'ya-house, which is too cold and dry for the plants to make vigorous growth, may be brought into the East Indian-house. The same shifting of the positions will apply to any plants of Cattleya Sanderiana or C. Rigas and its varieties, but very little water may he afforded the latter species until the plants begin to show their flower-sheaths, or the plants may make large growths only, the plants being then almost sure to break away at once, and premature growth ensue. Temperature, Go° by night, 7U° to 75° by day. The Cattleya-house. — Several species of the plants in this house may now be taken in hand as opportunity offers, such are Liclia Perrinii, L. elegans Turnerii, and L. alba. If the plants are turned out of their pots, great care must be used in watering afterwards, and it would be much better if no water whatever be given them, unless the pseudo-bulbs show some signs of being too dry, as shrivelling, &c, until it is seen that the roots are becoming active. The potting materials should always be used in a rather moist state, as this obviates in a great measure the need to afford water. Cymbidium giganteum Mastersii, and any of its varieties that may require it, should now be re- potted, the time having approached when growth recommences. They do well in a compost of one half turfy loam and peat, and a few lumps of sphagnum moss, the latter being placed at the top, thus adding to the appearance of the work, and affording a sure test when the plants require watering. Cypri- pedium Sedeni and its varieties, which are now gone out of flower, should be attended to soon; and in repotting these it should be remembered that they are very fast growers, and will take larger shifts than many other Orchids. Cattleya dolosa and C. Walkeriana are very useful winter-flowering plants. which may be had in flower at Christmas time, and will remain fresh until this date ; but care must be taken not to give them too much water at the root if they remain in this house. Those species of Cattleya which suffer most when kept too dry are C. bicolor, C. velutina, C. guttata, C. Loddigesii, C. Harrisonii, and C. amethystoglossa, which shrivel quickly if left without water for a week or two together. Give air freely during mild weather; but when cold biting winds blow, the top ventilators should be k?pt closed, the bottom ones over the hot-water pipes being the only ones used. Tempe- rature, 60° by night, 0JJ by day, with a rise of 5° with sun-heat. Vanda tricolor, V. suavis, V. insigne, and V. Kimballiana, should now receive attention ; and plants which may have lost bottom leaves, and have roots high up the stems, should be cut down. And in fixing them in the new pots the roots should be very carefully placed in the pot first, and the pot- sherds carefully placed in afterwards, together with a layer of sphagnum moss on the top, and this should have a little silver sand mixed with it, and be made as firm as possible ; very little water will be needed for some time to come. J'uiula Sanderiana. — Plants which have been rest- ing since the end of the month of September should be repotted if this be found necessary, otherwise the plants may be surfaced with fresh sphagnum moss and placed in the warmest part of the house. The plants enjoy plenty of heat and moisture, and a Pine- stove in which the temperature does not descend below TO3 is a suitable place for them. In this heat stout sturdy foliage like that with which they were imported will be formed. Where the plants have long stems, they should be syringed twice a day to induce strong new roots to break. I keep them in this house until nearly ready to flower, that is, in August and September. Cattleya Schillcriana, which is now breaking away, should be carefully looked after to see that it is not allowed to become dry. This plant grows well on teak blocks, the bottoms of which are placed in pans, and broken potsherds are put around the roots, but very little sphagnum moss or peat, as the plants, when growing, require more water than any other Cattleya. Our plants, when growing, are dipped once every day, and syringed overhead twice; and we get from five to seven flowers on a growth by this treatment. They should be hung up close to the glass, and require very little shade. Cool House.— Plants of Odontoglossum Alexandra;, 0. triumphans, (). Pescatoreii, &c„ which have been repotted lately should have very little water for a month afterwards. Strong plants which may be pushing up good spikes should have a wire placed round the pot, and be hung up to the roof, thus giving a better chance of escaping their foes, the slugs, and the effect is also good from a decorative point of view. Oncidium Marshallianum.now show- ing its spikes, must be very sharply watched, as slugs find the spikes delicious morsels. All walls, stages, and floors should be thoroughly syringed and kept moist, and the plants very lightly dewed over in the morning, but this damping should not be done afterwards. The temperature may still continue at 4o° by night, and should not exceed 50° by day with fire heat. A. G. Call, Varhfield, Worcester. 138 THE G ATI BE NEBS' CUB ON T CLE. [February 1, 1800. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor earlg intelligence of lo'al events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these paves, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, fyc, are also solicited. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munication' should be WRITTEN ON ONE SIDE only of the paper, and sent as early in the week as possible. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. THURSDAY, MEETING. !E. 6— Linnean Society. SALES. MONDAY. Fid. 3 i Li'u,\!,lui "'I'" I!ulbs' at Pro""™1 ( & Morris Rooms. ( Orchids in Flower, at Protheroe & "$ Morris' Rooms. TUESDAY, 1 I l:. I 'Roses, Fruit Trees, Rhododendron^, I Border Plants, and Bulbs, at WEDNESDAY, F . I:. :. , r Sterens1 Rooms N Luiuni:iurutuiu. i .reenhouse Plants. I &c, at Protheroe & Morris' ' Rooms. (40,000 Lilies in variety from Japan. | : ii.noo Tubero-es, &c, at Steven.' THURSDAY, FEB. 6.' Rooms. [Nursery Stork from Sample, at ' Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. i Roses. Fruit Trees, Rliododendrc l'l 0. N- Border Plants, and Bulbs, ( Stevens' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 39°.2. In answer to the appeal for funds re mi erer* to ^ tievoj;ef] ^0 ^e furtherance Company an i Fruit Culture. °f fruit culture in cottage gar- dens and homesteads, which it will lie remembered was made last autumn by the then Lord Mayor, Sir J. Whitehead, lit., a sum of £1000 has been subscribed. This is what Sir James, as the Master of the Fruiterers' Company, announced at a banquet of the com- pany held last week. Ever since the subscription list was opened by £500 from the Fruiterers' Company, there have been questionings by those who have the matter of fruit culture most at heart. It has been re- peatedly asked what the company proposed to do with the funds placed at its disposal, and not a few feared that the money might be spent in useless, although well-intentioned directions. From what the Master of the Fruiterers' Com- pany stated at the dinner referred to. when pro- posing the " Health of the Royal Agricultural Society," we gather that the money is to be expended in following in the wake of that pros- perous society, and practically allowing that body to be the disbursers of the £1600 in hand. Now the Royal Agricultural Society, although a society of high standing and merit, does not appear to us to lie the best adapted body for the promotion of the objects held in view by the Fruiterers' Company, and cannot for a moment be compared, as far as fruit culture is concerned, with the Royal Horticultural Society, which has in its fruit garden at Chiswick, and its highly successful Fruit Conferences of 1883, 1885, and 1888, given more real impetus to the question of fruit growing than its sister institution. Indeed, the outcry for extended fruit cultiva- tion may be traced to the first of those great Conferences- -that of 1883, which was reported on in the volume British Apples by Mr. Barron, in which work the best varieties, according to the votes of those most able to pronounce opinions — the practical fruit-growers of the whole kingdom — were brought strikingly before notice. All this valuable information was re- sifted and brought up to date in the report on the National Apple and Pear Conference of 1888 ; and now, when so much of the work has been done by the Royal Horticultural Society, the Fruiterers' Company ignores all this, and has decided to throw its weight in with the Royal Agricultural Society. The last-named society has on a previous occasion endeavoured to show a lead in fruit culture, but the attempt was a failure, as it must always be when the Royal Agricultural Society holds its great show at a time of year when there is no fruit to be had. But, putting on one side that view of the matter ; is not the range of subjects already en- braced by the Royal Agricultural Society quite extended enough ? Even supposing that the subject of fruit culture could be well introduced into its circle, would not the matter be allowed to drop into or even be forced into, comparative insignificance, against the other far-reaching branches of agriculture ? Certainly the work falls more within the line of operation of the Royal Horticultural Society, but the " flower- show taint " still hangs over it, and people look on horticulture as a pleasant amusement with no more serious purpose ; and the Society, with all its hard work and useful public service, has not obtained the public recognition it so thoroughly merits. In this, as in so many other cases, the noisy ones manage to gain the ear of the public, while those who know the most and do the most are overlooked. We look to the representative societies to provide a remedy for this, and to secure a hearing for the right men ; but if the societies themselves are not allowed to "repre- sent," the field becomes left open to windbags and axe-grinders. The Master of the Company also spoke earnestly of a hope that the teaching of agriculture, che- mistry, andother sciences bearing on the subject of the land should be made compulsory subjects in the schedule of all schools aided by the public rates and the State — at all events, those in country and rural districts; and that there would be great advantages following on such a course is not open to much question. Land is the basis of all wealth, and whatever tends to the better utilisation of the land must assuredly result in a benefit to the community at large. This sug- gestion was also contained in the Bill introduced into Parliament last year by Sir Wm. Hart- Dyke, but which had eventually to be with- drawn. The earnest desire of the Fruiterers' Company to do all that lies in their power to improve the present state of fruit cultivation in this country is one deserving of great sympathy and support, and it is to be hoped that the Company will take greater care in selecting its advisers, so that its energy may be better directed. Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institu- tion.— The following persons were put on the list of pensioners without election, in accordance with the rules, on the occasion of the meeting on the 16th inst. :— Emily Friend, Mark Hebblethwaite, Eden Georgina Murray, John Skene, John Trotter, and John Wainwright. LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— At the meeting of this Society on the 16th ult., Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair, Mr. S. Lithgow was elected, and the following were admitted Fellows of the Society :— Messrs. C. W. Turner, J. T. Tristram Valentine, William Rome, and Major A. R. Dorward. Mr. Clement Reid exhibited, and made some remarks upon, a collection of fruit of Trapa natans from the Cromer Forest bed at Mundesley. Mr. J. G. Baker exhibited and described a collection of Cryptogamic plants from New Guinea, upon which Mr. A. W. Bennett and Captain Elwes made some critical remarks. In the absence of the author, Mr. A. Barclay, a paper was read by Mr. B. D. Jackson on the " Life History of a remarkable Uredine on Jas- minum grandiflora.'' A discussion followed, in which Mr. A. W. Bennett and Professor Marshall Ward took part. This was followed by a paper from Mr. Edward E. Prince, "On certain Protective Provisions in some Larval British Teleosteans." At an evening meeting, to be held on February 6, 1890, at S p.m., it is intended to read the following papers : — I. " On the Stamens and Seta; of Scirpere," by Mr. C. B. Clarke, F.R.S., F.L.S. ; II. " On the Flora of Patagonia," by J. Bali,, F.R.S., F.L.S. Exhibitions : — 1. Certain Seaweed covered Crabs, by Professor Stewart ; 2. Pitchers of Nepenthes Mastersiana, by Professor Stewart. Veitch Memorial Fund.— At a meeting of the trustees of the above fund, held on the 23rd ult. — present Dr. Robert Hogg (in the chair), and Messrs. T. B. Haywood, G. F. Wilson, and H. J. VEiTcn— it was decided to give four prizes, consist- ing of four Bronze Medals and four sums of £5 each, on the occasion of the Chrysanthemum Centenary, which opens on November 11; and also a special Silver Medal to Mr. Bruce Findlay, of Manchester, and to Mr. David Thomson, of Drumlanrig, in recognition of their valuable services to British horticulture. National Chrysanthemum Society.— A meeting of the general committee of the above, followed by the annual general meeting, took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, E.C., on the 27th ult., the former at 7 p.m., and the latter at 8 p.m. The business of the committee was of a formal character, the Secretary announcing that the sum of £48 5s. was awarded in prizes at the recent mid- wiuter show. At the meeting of members, which was numerously attended, Mr. E. Sanderson, one of the Vice-Presidents, in the chair, after some formal business, the Hon. Secretary, Mr. W. Holmes, read the report and balance-sheet ; the former alluded to the great success which had attended the Society's operations during the year ; to the revision of the rules, which had worked well ; to the election of Lord Brooke, M.P., as Pre- sident ; the Hull provincial show, which had proved highly successful ; the Conference at Hull ; the preparation and issue in the autumn of an eight page supplement to the Society's Chrysanthemum cata- logue ; and in reference to the Centenary exhibition and meeting to be held in the Royal Aquarium in November next, the committee had recommended and provided for the publication of a new edition of the catalogue. All the shows held, had well main- tained the credit of the Society; and the Conference held in connection with the mid-winter show on January 8 proved of a highly interesting and instructive character. The annual dinner, held under the presidency of Lord Brooke, was a great success. The Floral Committee had held several meetings, the average number of Certificates of Merit had been awarded, and the committee had made their awards with due- care and attention. The Centenary of the intro- duction of the Chrysanthemum into England would be celebrated on November 11, 12, 13, and 14 ; and a sub-committee appointed to consider how best to celebrate the event, had made some valuable recommendations. An early issue of the programme of arrangements would take place. The report concluded with a X b w 2; FiBitrAKY 1, 1890.1 THE GABDENEBS' C H l.'OXICLE. 130 reference to the recent International Centenary Exhibition of Ghent, and alluded with satisfaction to the presence of a delegate from the Society, and the awarding of the Gold .Medal of the Societe de Agriculture et Horticulture de Gand. The balance- sheet showed an income from all sources of £871 10s. Bd., including £226 19s. 3d. annual sub- scriptions, £109 14s. donations, special prizes, &c, and £217 2s, received from the Royal Aquarium Company, and a further sum of £89 18s, from affiliated societies. The credit side showed the same amount, including £42G 12.?. awarded as prizes, and £59 10s. 6d. for medals, &c, a balance of £19 0s. 9iZ. being carried forward. The profit on the sale of catalogues during the past year had amounted to £18; the reserve fund amounts to £100 19s. The contributions to the special prize fund at the Centenary Show in November amounted to £159 10s., and the trustees of the Veitch Memorial Fund have allotted four medals and the sum of £20 in prizes at this exhibition. The report and balance sheet were adopted, and a hearty vote of thanks was given to the auditors. Lord Brooke, M.P., was re-elected President by acclamation ; Mr. J. Stirling, as Hon. Treasurer ; Mr. K. Ballantine, as Chairman; and Mr. E. <'. Jukes as vice-Chairman of the Committee; Mr. \V. Holmes, as Hon. Secretary and Superintendent of the exhibition a most cordial reception being given to Mr. Holmes on his rising to retr-rn thanks; and Mr. C. Harman Payne as Foreign Corresponding Secretary. Messrs." Crane and E. Cannell were elected auditors, and the fol- lowing, forming one-third of the committee, were elected on that body for a period of three years ; Messrs. lioyce, Wright, Gordon, Stevens", II. J. Jones, B. Wynne, K. Dean, Gibson, E, Sanderson, Maudlin, J. H. Laing, D. B. Crane, and Bruce Iron- side. The Sevenoaks Chrysanthemum Society, and the Taunton Chrysanthemum Society, were admitted to affiliation, and three new members were elected. It was unanimously resolved that the sum ol E10 be devoted to the purchase of a present t Holmes, in consideration of the great assistance rendered in relation to the clerical work of the Society; and the committee were empowered to provide clerical assistance for the Bon. Secretary consequent upon the growth of the Society. The proceedings closed with a hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman for presiding. The Royal Horticultural Society of PERTHSHIRE. -The first meeting of the third session of the literary branch of this Society was held in the hall of the Perthshire Society of Natural Science on Friday, the 24th ult., and was well attended, .Mr. A. MKinnon, Scone Palace Gardens, being in the chair. The preliminary business having been transacted, the Chairman read a paper on " Fruit Farming for Profit.'' Mr. M Ktssos examined the subject in all its bearings, and came to the conclusion that soft fruits, hardly affected by foreign competition, could, to a moderate extent, and, under favourable circum- stances, be grown profitably ; but to lay out Apple and Pear tree orchards would prove most precarious and unprofitable. An animated and interesting dis- cussion followed the reading of the paper. The Fruiterers' Company. The annual dinner of this City Company was held at the Albion Hotel, Aldersgate Street, on Monday evening last, Sir James Whitehead, the Master, in the chair, and was supported by the Lord Mayor, Sir Henry Isaacs ; the City Sheriffs, Major Craigie, and others. Horti- culturists were represented by Messrs. A. F. Barron, T. F. Rivers, and J. Wright, who, it may be safely said, did not give their adherence to all that was heard on fruit culture. A copy of Mr. Wright's essay, bound in morocco, and containing a beautifully illuminated frontispiece, was presented to the Master by Mr. II. R. Williams. Eucalyptus and Influenza.— A Parisian correspondent of a London daily, describes her expe- rience of an attack of bronchitis which followed a mild dose of influenza. In spite of a hypodermic injection of morphine, and usual remedies, the pain did not abate. The writer goes on to say : — I hap- pened to have a bottle of Eucalyptia from Bcr- iior/GHKs & Wellcome, and in despair I swallowed a large dose. In an hour there was decided improve- ment, and in two days I was out of bed. I con- tinued the Eucalyptia until the cough had entirely disappeared, and with two members of my family it was used with the greatest success. If the theory about influenza being a germ disease be a correct one, there is no doubt but that Eucalyptia is one of the most potent remedies. In all miasmatic countries, in all countries infested by malaria, and subject to chills and fevers, no more valuable tree is found than Eucalyptus globulus. If a house in a malarious district is surrounded by a thick growth of these trees, it is possible for the family to escape chills and fevers, when another family a quarter of a mile away are shaking their lives out. The pungent, penetrating smell is death to microbes, and the medicine manufactured from the oil is an excellent tonic and blood purifier. Mucus Disease of Hyacinths. By A. Heinz ; Centr.f.Ba&tcri»l.ttParasitenk.,v.(l$8d),pp.~'"' i 9 ■ — Hyacinths are affected by a wasting disease, attended with the production of a foul-smelling mucus. The flowering parts are specially attacked, but no part is exempt. Microscopical examination showed that the mucus and the tissues were full of a bacterium, which is a mobile rod, invariably single, with rounded ends, 4—0 ft long and about 1 ju thick. They propagate by direct fission, and stain well with all the usual dyes. The bacillus was easily culti- vated pure on gelatine, agar and Potato, and healthy plants inoculated from these cultivations showed evidences of disease, most marked about the inocu- lation spot, in 24 hours. Hence the author con- cludes that this microbe is the actual cause of the disorder, and the name given to it is Bacillus Ilya- pticus. It does not liquefy gelatine. Super- ficial colonies on plates are circular, about two mm. in diameter, bluish-white in colour, with a somewhat, darker centre. Those lying deeper are oval, and of a dull yellowish-white. The cultivation differences on gelatine and agar are not noteworthy. On Potato there forms in thirty-six hours a yellow slimy layer, and in a few days the cultivations give oil' a strongly offensive smell. Other authors, notably Sorauerand Wakker, have described wasting diseases of Hyacinths, attended with the production of mucus. These also were caused by bacteria, but Dr. Heinz considers that the disease observed by him is distinct from the yellow and white mucus degeneration of Wakker and Sorauer. Ah.: Jour., r. Society, 1889, p. .''72. NUT BLOOMS.— The mildness of the present month of January, says Mr. Wii.i.is, of Ilarpenden, has caused both Filberts ami Hazel Nuts to bloom unusually early in this neighbourhood. So abun- dant are the tiny red female blossoms, that many of the trees show quite a pinkish hue. Having taken phenological observations at Harpenden during the past twelve years, that is since 1878, 1 find the Hazel Nut usually is first found in flower about the second week in February. The soil of this district is of a decidedly cold description. The earliest records of Hazel blooms I have observed are as follows; 1883, January 30 ; 1884, January 23; L888, January 27; 1890, January 14. We see, therefore, that the date of the present season's flowering corresponds with the earliest date cited in Robert's Naturalist's Diary, as quoted in last week's issue. Ornamental Pods and Berries.— A collec- tion of seeds ot plants bearing ornamental fruits, for winter decoration, have been sent to us by Messrs. Wateims & Simpson, Exeter Street, Strand, W.C. All are species well known in gardens, as Physalis Alkekengi, Iris foetida, Lunaria biennis, Honesty of old-fashioned gardens ; Eryngium amethystinum and Dipsacus Fullonium. Two very undesirable species are included, without any warning being placed on the packets to the effect that the plants are very poisonous to human beings ; these are Henbane and Thorn-apple. The Coltsfoot.— We saw plenty of this in flower on January 25, on a railway-bank near London, and it had in all probability been in flower for one or two days previously. The earliest previous record that we can find is on February 3. Grafting Cucumbers.— We learn from the American Agriculturist that there are some ways in which the grafting of annuals and other herbaceous- plants can be made available for special purposes. Cucumbers, for example, may be grown on a high trellis, or around the upper story windows of any building, by training either Sicyos angulatus (the single-seeded star Cucumber vine), or the Echino- uystis i Wild Balsam Apple)— either of which will grow to the desired height. Cucumber seed may then be sown in a flower pot, and when the plant is G or 8 inches high it may be joined to one of these wild vines at the desired height. Merely scraping the bark of the two plants and tying them firmly together with any soft material is sufficient. They will unite in about ten or twelve days, or sooner, and produce fruits at a height to which the garden Cucumber could never attain. The Exhibition of thf Royal House of Tudor. — This is a most interesting exhibition at the New Gallery of portraits, costumes, arms, and other objects connecced with Tudor times. It is almost impossible to exaggerate the inte- rest of this great historical object lesson. Those interested in studying the history of our garden flowers will find plenty of material for their purpose. Glancing at a few of the portraits at random, we find one ■ • John More, the father of a more celebrated son ...ie Lord Chancellor More. In his left hand he holds an Apple. V is 'In- significance of that Apple ? Margaret P ■, . ene) whose head fell on the scaffold in 1541 olds a bunch of Honeysuckle; a portrait of a man by Holbein shows a single Clove Pink — indeed, the- popularity at that time of the Gillillower, is attested in this exhibition in several other cases. Ann of Cleves (l.r),'!4) has a Clove Pink in her hand; Ann, Lady l'etre, has a Pink with fringed edge to its petals, thrust into a curious little box or bouquet-holder John Winchcomhe (1550), the son of " Jack of New- bury," is also represented, in two different portraits, with a Pink in his hand. Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk holds a posy in which is a Clove Pink and wild Pansy — wild at least to the notions of a modern, l'unsy fancier. Most of the Pinks are sell's, but one of the portraits we have unfortunately omitted to note, which shows what we now call a Carnation but which Peudita at that time of day called a "streaked Gillyflower," and, in allusion probably to the piebald appearance, adds, " which some call Nature's bastards.'' Roses, of course, are often shown. Queen Ei.i/.auktii, in one of her many portraits, bears a true York and Lancaster Rose, not the striped one which generally goes by that name. Another portrait of the dressy Queen shows her with a single red Tulip, erroneously called a Lily in the catalogue, attached to each shoulder, and a similar flower in her left hind. But the objects of interest in the exhibition are beyond computation. Indoor Floral Decorations. — The Bir- mingham Council House, says a correspondent, lends itself readily to the art of the floral decorator. At the Mayor's Ball recently, Messrs. Hewitt & Co., nurserymen, were entrusted with the extensive floral arrangements, and in conjunction with the firm of Liiieutv, the general decorations were admitted to be the handsomest seen in the Midlands. The reception-room was fitted up in Eastern style, and a lovely group of Orchids and Adiantum Farleyense at the base of a large mirror was much admired, and in the same apartment were groups of Calanthe 140 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [February 1, 1S90. Veitchii and Maidenhair Ferns. In the ball-rooms one fire-place was filled in with Euphorbia jacquinia:- flora in a sloping position, and was a telling fea- ture ; the mantelpiece and niches with Maidenhair F'erns, a small Palm at each end. and sprays of Asparagus. Another mantelpiece was filled with Lily of the Valley, with a handsome Palm at each end, fringed with variegated Ivy - leaf Pelargonium Duchess of Edinburgh, and the fire-place with a graceful Palm, two bright crowns, and a carpet of yellow Tulips and Maidenhair Ferns, a large bank of Palms, with a central monster, Phormium tenax variegata, with a Cocos Romanzoffiana, quite 15 feet high, towering behind it, in which were masses of Arum Lilies, Poinsettiapulchcrrima, Spinea japouica, with a carpet of Tulips and Italian Hyacinths set in Ferns, was greatly admired. One good-sized room was fitted up as an ice cavern, in which several tons of ice were used, and with mirrors and the electric light, was indeed a beautiful object. Spanish Plants. — The last issued part of Prof. Wi'iakomm's excellent Illustralioncs Flora' Hispanue insularumque Balearium contains figures and descriptions of various Composites and Dip- sacea:, &c. Some of the Armerias as Allioides of Boissier, a white flowered species, would be desirable introductions to gardens ; so also would Statice insignia with red flowers. The text is in Latin, French am1 Spanish. " John ROGERS?'— We ought to have called the attention of our reade -s to this little book before, but it is not too late new to recommend it to their perusal. It is published at Southampton by Mr. H. M. Gilbert, and consists of an autobiography of one who was proud to call himself a gardener. It was written when the author was— though in his eighty-seventh year — in the full possession of health and faculties, able to walk several miles a day, to write books, and read without spectacles. He died in November, 1842, in his ninety-first year, having lived during the reign of live English sovereigns, from George II. downwards. Mr. Rogers was the grandfather of the present pro- prietor of the Red Lodge Nursery at Southampton, and in the present pages which have been reprinted, gives sundry details of the eventful period in which he lived. Amongst other things he was an eye- witness of the Gordon Riots. He records a visit he paid to Philip Miller at Chelsea, and which seems to have afforded great pleasure to the incipient gar- dener. Aiton the elder was another celebrity by whom he was employed in the Royal Gardens at Richmond. Here, on one occasion, he saw the King, who was unable to gain admission in any other way, throw up one of the win- dows of the palace, and enter the house head foremost. Various sayings of the King are recorded as within the author's knowledge: A fine house was built on Richmond Hill, when the King, on being told that it was being erected by his Majesty's card maker, replied, "Eh, eh: Well, well! His cards must have proved all trumps.'' Rogers did what few young gardeners do nowadays — made a collection of dried plants, which enabled him to learn the names and to become acquainted with the habit and culture of every plant that came under his notice. We need not follow the author through his various situations, but may add that eventually he settled down in the nursery of Matthew Burchell, of Fulham, the father of the eminent botanist and traveller. The nursery is spoken of as one of the oldest and best conducted nurseries of the period, and contained one of the largest and choicest collections in the country. This was the establishment which subsequently passed into the possession of Messrs. Whitley. Brames & Milne, and at a later date was that of Messrs. Osuorn & Sons. There are fewer than fifty pages in the book, but there is not one of them which will not prove interesting to a gardener desirous of knowing how things were done in the olden time. Publications Received.— On London Fogs, by Alfred Carpenter, M.l). (Croydon: Uoitey & Clarke, High Street.' A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. Certainly horticulturists and gardeners must be thankful to a man in the position of Mr. Thiselton Dyer for his keen and truthful elucidation of a another one who has no notion at all of the above sciences. If he has a good knowledge of plant geo- graphy, he will not care much for detail, and will adopt appropriate treatment for at least the majority of plants new to cultivation confided to his care. Fib. i'5. — plan of general arrangement in the exhibition palace, Berlin. matter so likely to raise discussion. Like Messrs. Elwes and Burbidge, I also venture to enter the arena, my excuse being an experience of over forty years. Though the gardener's art be essentially empirical, yet I am of opinion that a gardener having a knowledge of plant-geography and of the clima- tology of the various countries of the globe is more likely to be successful in his empirical work than Most of the subtropical plants do not grow in peat but in loam, sometimes of a clayish or stony hard nature, yet they readily adapt themselves under cultivation to peat and to a very different treatment than what Nature affords to them. It is an undeniable truth that " the constitution of certain individual species is inelastic,'' but it is for this category of plants that the cultivator Febeuaby 1, 1890.] THE GA EDENERS' CHRON1 CL E. 141 requires the most exact indications of the conditions under which they spontaneously live ; sometimes they are restricted by certain ingredients of the soil, sometimes by local positions and influences. No doubt about it, a skilled gardener would eventually find out by empirical research, what were their wants, provided he did not kill them during the experiment. His endeavours would be crowned by success in a much shorter time if he have a notice of the above quoted indications. Lapageria rosea and Tropaeolum speciosum do not grow to the best advantage in a southward position ; Ranunculus Lyallii is restrained by season or climate ; Disa grandiflora not only demands peat but a par- ticular sort of peat; Cattleya citrina wants to hang head downward — and many more cases could be cited. Certain bulbs from the Cape may lie dormant in the soil for more than a year according to their native habits, and others are so particular as to the time of flowering, or rather opening their flowers (like Cereus grandiflorus), that the most skilled gardener can do nothing to alter that time in our latitudes. Max Leichtlin, Baden-Baden. The discussion on this subject, which was opened by Mr. Dyer, and carried on by Mr. Klwes and Mr. Burbidge,is undoubtedly a very important one, and the different opinions hitherto expressed go to prove that even authorities on the questions at issue are by no means unanimous as to the ways by which the cultivator may attain the greatest success. The few remarks I have to offer are neither those of the gar- dener nor of the botanist, but of the simple observer of Nature. Mr. Dyer remarks: — "Granted that everything is known as to the physical conditions under which a plant grows in the tropics, is the gardener who attempts to grow it much better off? " We may eliminate the word " tropics " from the sentence, because it is doubtful whether tropical plants as a class give the cultivator more trouble than those from temperate climes. To the question propounded I would answer decidedly, Yes ! — always provided that he tries to imitate those condi- tions intelligently. Mr. Burbidge put the case very concisely when he says that " Nature carries matters far past the point at which the gardener stays his hand." What intelligent gardener allows his plants to exhaust themselves by seeding — unless, of course, such seed is wanted for special purposes? Take the Eew Pleiones which have been already cited. What would their condition ha if they had Co mature a crop of seed every year? Would tbey compare so very favourably with native plants ? Nor should it be forgotten that the struggle for existence, from which no plant in a state of nature can possibly be exempt, is specially guarded against by the cultivator. These two conditions alone are sufficient to account for the undoubted improvement so often Been in plants under cultiva- tion. They could, in my opinion, be partially, if not equally, secured by the cultivator without removing the plants from their wild stations, if lie bo Mr. Dyer says, "The conditions under which plants exist in Nature afford very little real information for cultural purposes." My own observation points in an entirely opposite direction, and, I may add, the excellent paper from the pen of Mr. II irrv Veitch in a recent number of the Journal nf cultural Society, entitled " Orchid Culture Past and Present," is based almost entirely on the same principle. What are the essential conditions under which plants exist in Nature? is a question which may fairly be asked. I would reply, a fierce struggle for existence is everywhere being carried on, and a plant maintains its ground only by having solved the problem of how best to exist under the given circumstances. Introduce a new competitor which is able to solve the problem a little more closely, and it will inevitably prevail in the contest. The plant may be existing " where it can," but it is none the less certain, that were it not fairly happy under the given conditions, it must take its place with the vanquished. Observation teaches this fact again and again. The numerous cases cited, of plants succeeding under totally different conditions, would indicate that the constitution of those species was the reverse of " singularly inelastic," if it indicates anything at all ; and when one looks at the wide range of many species, and the diversity of conditions under which they grow, the conclusion is inevitable that their constitutions are sufficiently elastic. And here, perhaps, would be an infallible guide for the cultivator, were he able to avail himself of the neces- sary information. If a plant grows in a variety of situations, a con- siderable variation in vigour and floriferousness will be observed, and by a judicious comparison of condi- tions and results, the elements of success may be arrived at — that is, if those conditions can be imitated in their essential particulars. The diffi- culty is that there is so great a variety of conditions to be imitated, and the gardener who has but half-a- dozen climates at command cannot possibly grow everything. Those who have from twenty to forty are more fortunate, but they, too, have to confess that certain plants are quite intractable subjects. Granted that many plants improve under cultiva- tion, and setting aside the fact that much of this is d ue to the cessation of the struggle for existence, must it not also be affirmed that an 'equal — nay, a far greater — number distinctly deteriorate, or refuse to grow altogether, simply because they are placed at a disadvantage as compared with the conditions under which they grow naturally ? I think the fact cannot be denied. Nor can it be for one moment asserted that if these conditions were secured, there would be the same failure to deplore. The position taken by Mr. Klwes seems to be the correct one. Practically, it amounts to this— that a correct knowledge of the conditions under which any plant grows naturally is of great value to the cuitivator— and with this I fully agree. Observer. I see nothing in Mr. Dyer's letters but what is very true and very useful to gardeners. He does not say. and no practical man can think that there is no use whatever in a knowledge of the climate and soil, &C, in which a plant grows in its native country, but as they do not, any of them, naturally grow in hothouses, it is in the first place impossible in England to grow the natives of hot countries under natural conditions. Practically, it is entirely a matter of experiment and experience what treatment will suit a new hothouse plant. Disa grandiflora may thrive in black pi at, but some other Disas from the same soil and climate will not grow in black peat, or apparently in any other soil in an English greenhouse. Three epi- phytes may come from the same branch of a tree in the tropics, one of which will only thrive on a bare block, a second will only prosper in a pot with loam, and the third will not grow under any conditions in a hothouse. In the matter of hardiness itself, plants from the same locality differ greatly. How many Australian plants are as hardy as Schizostylia coc- cinea, or Cape plants, as some of the Tritomas? Strictly speaking, not only every species. I individual plant, has a constitution of its own, which requires to be studied, as raisers of new . edling varieties well know. ft \V. Strickland. Whether we agree with the Director of Kew or not, I think we are all much indebted to him for start- ing this discussion, and for starting it in such a way as to provoke the lively answers that have followed. I hope we may still have many more such letters as those from my friend Mr. Klwes and from Mr. Watson. As my name has been mentioned, I may without presumption add my little experience. I am in the position of very much agreeing with the Director (though not entirely i, and also very much agreeing with Mr. Klwes (though also not entirely I, and my only objection to Mr. Watson's excellent letter is, that he has said better than I could very much, what I should like to say ; still there is room for me. I have little doubt that the Director, holding a brief for Empiricism ''. Botanical Know- ledge, stated the case of empiricism stronger than he would always do, and knowing something of Mr, Klwes' love of geography, and his great know- ledge of botanical geography, I am not surprised that he has stated his case — certainly in stronger terms than I should. But surely there is not really any great antagonism between them. We surely shall all agree that any knowledge of the life history of a plant, whether it is a knowledge of its botanical affinities or a knowledge of its geogra- phical history, must be more or less useful to a cul- tivator, but all who are out-of-door students of plants must have found that such a knowledge very often goes a very little way in helping them to grow the plant successfully, and is sometimes actually misleading. Hundreds of growers are in the posi- tion that Mr. Watson describes when they get plants of whose botanical, or geographical history they are very ignorant. They must feel their way, guided partly by the little knowledge they may have of the native habitat ot the plant, and partly by the in- stinctive knowledge of a plant's requirements which a cultivator of long experience acquires, and which he applies to a new plant, sometimes, of course, making mistakes, and sometimes scoring the great successes that Mr. Watson records. It has been my great pleasure in gardening to experiment with almost any plant that I can get, and if I know some- thing of the country, so much the better. It is several years since I was told by some one that all Japan was a great damp shrubbery. Kver since that I have made it a point to give Japanese shrubs partial shade, and I am sure they like it, but I should do the same if I was told that some particular shrub grew on sunny exposed spots in Japan, not because I doubted the information, but because 1 fancy all Japanese shrubs in England grow better in partial shade. But the fact is, that there is a great mystery in the whole matter, which would open a wide question for the most scientific botanists, but which 1 do not the least expect they can answer. I mean the question why a plant growing on a very limited area, and on well-defined geological situations, if removed into gardens, grows freely and spreads in every direction. Mr. Watson shows this in the case of some plants, but the plants he names, though -veil known at Kew, are probably unknown to many of your readers. I should like to illustrate it in three English plants. The Cornish Heath (Erica vagans) grows abundantly on the serpentine forma- tion of the Lizard, hut only on that formation ; but bring it into the garden, and it will grow on almost any soil. The Anemone pulsatilla grows wild only on chalk or limestone; there is no difficulty in growing it on any garden soil. The common Aspa- ragus is almost confined to Asparagus Island, con- stantly washed by the salt spray, and does not increase there; in our gardens it not only grows luxuriantly, but seeds in every direction. There are dozens of such examples, and they are proofs to my mind that if a cultivator confined his collection to plants growing on the same soil as he could give them in his garden, his collection would be a small one. But I must stop, though it is very tempting to say more; but before stopping, 1 must say that in one point. I think the knowledge of the geogra- phical history of a plant is of great importance— and especially a knowledge of the elevation at which a plant grows. Here I am in complete accord with Mr. Elwes, I'"' my own garden lias long ago taught me that it will have as 111 tic to do with plants that grow at a high elevation (ike the higher alpines) as it will with plants that dislike lime in the soil, like the Rhododendrons, Azaleas, &c. Every garden (and ■ his is very conclusive) has its specialties, and the i i gardener is the- man who, in dealing with new plants, gets all the information he can about them from books or otherwise, and then, bringing his own . xperience of similar plants to bear on the stranger. he tries (it may be, and often must be, in many dif- ferent ways) t.i make it as happy as possible; and BO, with his knowledge and observation of practical i. -alls combined, he does, in nine cases out of ten, make the new comer even more happy in its new home than it was in the home of its birth. Henri/ •:■ mi Vicarage, Gloucestershire. Home Correspondence. THE EUCHARIS OR BULB MITE.— I have watched the discussion at various times in the columns of the Gardeners' Chronicle on the above subject with very keen interest, and I think the weight of opinion seems to I"' on the side of destroying the affected bulbs immediately it is seen that they are attackeii with the mite ; and I am certainly in accord with those who think so. Your correspondent, Mr. W. II. 142 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 1, 1890. Stephens, p. 114, seems, however, to have been more fortunate with his bulbs than some of us. 1 think, however, that his bulbs could not have got very badly infested with the mite, or he would hardly have had such an easy victory over them. At all events, 1 did not find the remedy mentioned by Mr. Stephens to answer with me, when on taking charge here five years ago I found about a dozen pots of Eucharis about as badly infested with mite as they well could be. I shook out all the bulbs, and took off all the outer scales as far as the mite seemed to have got into them, and treated them in all other respects exactly as described by Mr. Stephens, with this exception— in potting them up again I did not use any peat ; in fact, I never use it for Eucharis, my experience being that they delight in a good, stiff, loamy soil. I found, however, that they, after throwing up a few sickly- looking leaves, still continued to get worse, and I shook them out again ; I still further reduced the bulbs by taking off more of the outer scales, and soaked some of them in petroleum for some fifteen to sixty seconds, others I soaked in Fir tree oil, nicotine soap, soft soap and sulphur, and after this again rolled them in soot and quicklime, but all to no pur- pose. I finally shook them out in June, after battling with them for eighteen months, and laid them on the coping of a wall in the full glare of the sun for three months ; and at the end of that time I examined them througli a good lens, and found that there were still traces of the mite in them, and happening at this time to get the offer of a •quantity of good sounii offsets, I gave up the battle with the mite — though somewhat reluctantly— and paid every attention to the healthy stock, with the result that I now have about a score of good healthy pots— full of strong (lowering bulbs ; in fact, I have one specimen which is quite -1 feet through, and a yard high. In potting, I never use anything but good fresh loam and a fair amount of coarse river sand and charcoal ; and the only liquid manure we use is made from cowdung and soot, with now and again a light sprinkling of Standen's manure. .Should it ever be my misfortune to encounter the mite again, I should do as I have frequently seen the Editor advise correspondents to do — " burn the afl'ected bulbs," a proceeding I have frequently advised a friend and neighbour of mine to take, who has been hoping against hope for the last two years to get the better of this formidable pest, with no better success up to the present than I myself had. IS. Ashlon, Glossop Hall Gardens, Derbyshire. DIANTHU3 FUNGUS, -Wet mild winters doubt- less serve more rapidly to propagate fungus growths than do hard dry winters. In a market grower's place near here, he finds this season, fungus running riot amongst his usually very hardy, dark leaved Sweet Williams. No doubt this is the same fungus which occasionally attacks Carnations, but rarely in so virulent a form as is to be seen on the soft leaved Sweet Williams just now. Oddly enough, there seems to be two distinct strains of these dark leaved Sweet Williams, one, having foliage of un- usual breadth and dark as beet leaves seems, in the same ground, to be quite free from the fungus. The grower purposes having all the more affected leaves of his plants picked off, believing that the latter will recuperate in the spring. I fear they will wear a very sorry appearance, and have advised the destruc- tion of the lot to save the larger leaved sorts from harm. With my own florists' strain, nothing what- ever of a fungoid kind is to be seen on plants of last year's raising, but old plants suffer a good deal from •excessive watering on our stiff clay. A. Dean, Bedfont. female NUT blooms.— My assertion as to the possibility of female Nut, flowers proving fertile even in the absence of catkins was perhaps too hurriedly based on remarks I had previously read in the Gar- deners' Chronicle, I believe, from the pen of one of your botanical correspondents as to the fertile capa- city of female flowers in certain cases in Nature where male flowers were absent. It appeared a week or two since, but I have not the number at hand just now to give exact particulars. Possibly the references made would not apply to plants in a state of cultivation. A. D. MULTIPLE SPATHED CALLAS.— A week or two since a friend asked me to look at a very curious Arum Lily he had in his greenhouse, unlike any that had previously come under his notice. I found the flower to consist of three well-developed spathes • one about the usual si/.e, and two smaller ones ■ there were also two rudimentay ones, making five in all. Ihe latter were within the main spathe, the former outside it. A second plant, whose spathe was not unfolded, showed evident signs of more than one spathe— how many could not then be told. A third plant had a normal flower, but in which fertilisa- tion had taken place, and seeds were protruding at the base of the spathe. The original plant, of which these were offsets, had, I was informed, just produced an exceedingly large flower with a double spadix. Its peduncle was H inch thick, and after it had faded, a second smaller one, with its peduncle united to that of the first, appeared ; in fact, a twin flower, similar to that occurring in Lycaste Skinneri and other plants, usually producing only unifloral scapes. There was nothing in the way of excep- tionally rich feeding, high temperature, &c, to account for this apparent hereditary proclivity to produce abnormal flowers. The plants were growing of London, that it is wholly unnecessary. I feel convinced that if the Society puts aside all idea of making the hall pay, and uses it only for the legiti- mate purposes of horticulture, there would be no difficulty in raising whatever sum may be required. Wild Rose. VINCA MINOR VARIEGATA.— Can any of your readers inform me if there are two varieties under this heading ? The one having white and the other blue flowers, the latter is now in bloom out of doors. I fancy we should have two varieties as stated, and both variegated. Corkonian. [Yes; there is a white flowered variety of V. minor variegata. Ed.] CYPRIPEDIUM BUCHANIANUMX.— Mr. K. H. Measures, of The Woodlands, Streatham, writes to FlO, 24. — A HALL LAID OUT WITH BEDS, BERLIN EXHIBITION. in two little greenhouses in an ordinary terrace garden, quite cool, and in small pots. I have enclosed a photo showing the flower with the five spathes. Greenwood Pim, Monlcslown, co. Dublin. A HALL ^FOR HORTICULTURE.— As the annual meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society is at hand, tiiis subject might very well be left till then ; but on seeing what I cannot but call the wild and unsuitable schemes put forward, I venture, as one who has had some little experience, to say that three things must be avoided : — 1. Any commercial deal- ings, either in plants or flowers, as has been sug- gested— this may be left to Covent Garden and the stores. 2. To avoid anything like catering for public amusement (I own I am a little surprised at Mr. Shirley Hibberd's letter) — this, I think, would be derogatory to the dignity of a scientific society. 3. To avoid all refreshment arrangements — this would involve failure, and there is such abundance of facilities for satisfying the inner man in all parts point out an error which unfortunately crept into the account of this plant on p. 73. It was raised by Mr. T. Osborne, when gardener to Mr. Buchan, of Wiltou House, Southampton, whence it passed into the Streatham collection. Both Mr. Measures and myself regret the mistake, which was quite uninten- tional. It arose from the fact that .Mr. Measures was ill with the prevailing epidemic, and the letter was written by an amanuensis. What he really in- tended to say was, that he considered C. Buchani- anum to be the best hybrid then in flower in his collection ; and that C. Cythera X and C. Hera X were two of the best that he had raised. Xo doubt the error in spelling the name arose in the same way, for it should be Buchaniauum, after Mr. Buchan (not " Buchananianum"). R. -I. Rol/e. I was surprised to read in this week's issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle, that Cypripe- dium Buchanianum was raised in the collection of R. II. Measures, Esq., of Streatham, as that is not the case. Cypripedium Buchanianum February 1, 1S90.] THE GARB ENER S' CHR 0X1 CL E. 143 was raised by mo during the time that I was gardener to H. J. Buchan, Esq., of Southamp- ton, and after whom it was named. The plant first flowered in December, 1887, and in the early part of 1888, I sold the specimen to Mr. Measures. T. Os- borne, The Grove Gardens, Teddington. THE MILDNESS OF THE SEASON.— Respecting the earliness of blooming of Snowdrops, p. 80, 1 would remark on the abundance of these flowers in Somer- setshire. I did not take notice of the exact date of the first bloom appearing, but it was in the last week of December. Primroses have been in bloom with us since the middle of November, and are now very plentiful. The following plants are in flower in the open air: — Snowdrops, white Alyssum, scarlet Anemones, Polyanthuses, Wallflowers, Primrose ~m\ heat in February has that effect, is proved by Mr. W. II. S. who has had an abundant supply of flowers since October. Had his Camellias been planted in an unheated house, they would not have flowered until Christmas or later ; hence his plants grow in a proper situation, and he has to be congratulated on the advantages he enjoys. There are some varieties of the Camellia — evidently raised from the old variety, C. variegata, which have very bold foliage ; I refer to Coquettii, gigantea, and Marchio- ness of Exeter. These are much more influenced by drought than others. Mr. W. H. S. does not inform us whether that part of the wall against which the plants are growing that drop their buds, is more thoroughly drained than the other part, nor does he give the names of those varieties, as he might then trace the causes, and find the cause of his plants, FlO, 25.— A HALL LAID OUT Willi BEDS. MUKOUNDKD WITH UALCOMh--, BBBUN i:\IIIH1TIOX. Polyanthus, Chrysanthemums, Pansies, winter Aconites, Violets, Christmas Poses, yellow Jas- min, Laurestinus, Arbutus, Periwinkle, Butter- cups, common Primroses, common Daisies. I noticed in a Strawberry-bed to-day a truss of flowers, two of which were fully open ; and should the weather continue mild for a few days longer, Crocuses will be in bloom — in fact, some are now in bloom in our neighbourhood. W. L , Bath. CAMELLIA BUDS DROPPING— Camellias are as hardy as the Portugal Laurel, but Mr. \V. II. Stephens is quite right when he states, that if they are allowed to get dry, i.e., reduced to starvation and unhealthi- ness, they are liable to drop their buds. Both plants and animals reduced to that state are unhealthy. The reaction, after watering or Irrding, iw productive in each of injurious results. I need not explain how ani- mals are affected, but Camellias drop their buds. The extremes of heat and cold aflVct Camellias by exciting or retarding growth ; and that the application of suffering as they do, in his own explanation, " if once a Camellia is allowed to get dry, after the buds are fully developed, dropping will surely follow ('. IS. Saunders. CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. -Varieties ofCypripc- diums, thanks to raisers of seedlings, have become so very numerous already, that it is probable they will in the near future become as common for pot culture as the tuberous Begonia. I do not suppose that a more generally useful species or variety exists than the C. insigne and its varieties, although it is some- times discarded to make room for plants which are inferior to it in many points. The blossoms, not- withstanding their beauty, may not be so attractive as some others ; but how free flowering this plant is when it receives suitable treatment? We have specimens in it-inch pots and pans, which carry from thirty to forty or more spikes, and some of these produce twin flowers. But a leading point is the strong constitution possessed by this species, and the ease with which it may be grown ; in fact it is very accommodating so far as growing is concerned, inas- much as it thrives either in a warm or cool tempera- ture. It will not, however, blossom satisfactorily when always kept warm, and this peculiarity is com- monly understood, and consequently we do not often find the plant grown always in the stove. I have had experience with it as a hothouse plant for some years past, indeed since two plants were divided rather severely to increase the stock of it, and the muti- lated pieces have been kept for three years in a stove, with a view to rapid growth ; and in this respect I am well satisfied ; but during the time they have been subjected to heat few flower-spikes have appeared. Latterly the plants have been grown on a stage beneath the trellis in a Kose-house, which is kept cool, and here, in a lower temperature, and with more air afforded them, the leaves are firmer in texture, and shorter ; and the plants after being placed in a warm house have become very profuse bloomers. Cool pits or frames answer admirably during the summer months for this plant, and doubt- less there are Cypripediums other than those belonging to this group which would readily be amenable to cool treatment. Fibrous peat with a dash of sand in it is a good compost, and in the growing season weak liquid manure made of sheep's droppings promotes vigorous growth, and frequent applications of this are very useful after the pots have become filled with the roots. Thos. Coomber, Hendre. [A photograph showing a large group of C. insigne came with the above note. Ed.] CULTURE OF WINTER CUCUMBERS. — With reference to the recent article on " The Culture of Winter Cucumbers," by your correspondent, Mr. James Douglas, there are two persons still here who remember well the half-span house in the yard of these works in which Cucumbers were grown, I be- lieve, from about 1858 to 1863, with surprisingly suc- cessful results. At that time, however, the works were not built in to nearly such an extent as at present, and this part of Chelsea, in which rows of houses now stand consisted then of market gardens, and the atmosphere was in consequence purer and less impregnated with smoke. This house served as a pattern not only to the one built at Loxford Hall, and mentioned bj Mr. Douglas in his article, bat also became the type Iron) which the Cucumber houses at Sandringham and many other places throughout the country were designed, and we have applications still for houses to be constructed exactly on the lines of the old, half-span house, originally standing in the yard. Alfred Gray, Danvcrs Street drac/ena lindenii.— We have a plant of Dra- C;ena Lindenii here, which has been much admired by all who have seen it ; it was also very favourably noticed at the summer show at Bowdon. About three years since, it was a plant about 15 inches in height, growing in a 7-inch pot ; it is now S feet 0 inches high, and is bearing a flower stem about U feet in length. It has been in bloom now for about three weeks. The flowers are of a pale drab colour, not showy, but pleasing when fully expanded, which is generally early in the day. Jt has 108 leaves, many of them over 2 feet long ; and the habit of the plant as is well known, is most graceful. Plants of this species from 2 to 1 feet high are beautiful objects for house decoration, and they are much admired for that purpose here. This plant was repotted two and a half years since, from a7 toa 12-incb pot, in which itstill is ; and the soil used consists of equal parts of turfy loam, peat, and Oakleafmould, some half inch bones and wood charcoal being mixed throughout the compost. The temperature maintained is from .r>.V to 85°, with abundance of moisture — sprinklings of Standen's. and Clav's Fertilizers being used at intervals 11. Ellis, tynwood, Bowdon. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— The scheme of a reserve fund was decided upon at the first meet- ing, and at that time the idea of a good invested sum was considered by all to be the right one. The importance of this was so strongly felt by all concerned, that Pule 6 was framed in a very strin- gent manner, with the express purpose of building up this fund. Even so late as about the time of the second election, there were not wanting some who went so far as to assert, and prove to their own satisfaction at any rate, that too many children were being placed on the fund, that there was insufficient money to meet the demand, and that therefore we were practically insolvent. Now, after two years' experience, some of our friends appear to be of a 144 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Feukuaby 1, 1S90. directly opposite opinion, and seem to be in favour of a " spend all and save nothing" policy — an ex- treme infinitely worse than the other. I am glad to see that Mr. Dean does not adopt this view ; but is in favour of still investing a fair sum, although not quite so much as we have hitherto done. His views, in fact, are much the same as mine, except that I should prefer to defer making any altera- tion in Rule 5 for perhaps another year. There is no doubt, that as the fund progresses, this rule will be found too restrictive, and alteration desirable, on the grounds fairly stated, that the re- sponsibilities are small. Mr. Dean suggests that 75 per cent, of the legacies and donations should be invested, and that the remaining 25 per cent., together with interest on invested monies and sub- scriptions, should be available for the orphans and general expenses. At present, it might be tound wise to put by 75 per cent, of donations, in case of a rainy day ; but if the fund progresses as it has hitherto done, it will soon be found quite unneces- sary to invest so large a sum; indeed, as the fund increases in age, and becomes (as we hope to see it) well and universally supported throughout the entire kingdom, the proportion of income which prudence dictates should be invested, would gradually diminish. In order, therefore, to avoid the necessity which would from time to time arise for altering this rule, I would suggest that, whenever the alteration be made, the present arrangements respecting in- vestments should be done away with, and the entire matter be left to the discretion of the committee. "With free hands, they would then be able to deal with each year's income to the best advantage, as the exigencies of the time and prudence might dictate. Geo. Deal, Chairman of Executive Committee. Foreign Correspondence. BERLIN INTERNATIONAL HORTICUL- TURAL EXHIBITION. The great International Horticultural Exhibition to be held at Berlin from April 25 to May 5, will in all probability be a magnificent affair. The accom- panying plans, for the use of which we are obliged to the Editor of the Gartenjhra, may help to show the scale on which it is projected. This exhibition will differ from all the foregoing ones as illustrating for the first time the relation- ship of decorative horticulture and architecture. The site of the exhibition is the large park and palace in the north-west of Berlin. It is the most suitable place for exhibitions, as it is situated between two railway termini, that of the Berlin- Hamburgh, and of the Berlin-Lehrte Railway. Besides these there is a third station of the great ■circle railway, from which there is a direct entrance to the exhibition park. Goods arriving in Berlin have thus not to make a long transit through the town, but will be brought in a few minutes of their destination. The exhibition park is the one in which was held the great Horticultural Exhibition of 1885; but whilst this latter was chiefly in the park, and only a few objects were shown in some of the compart- ments of the palace, this year the whole palace is allotted for the exhibition. In the park will be shown hothouses, greenhouses, &c, partly in full work, and containing Orchids and other fine hothouse plants. A large hall, side by side with the palace, will contain instruments, &c. Our fig. 23 shows the general scheme of arrange- ment in the palace. The experience of the last show encourages the hope that there will be enough space for exhibitors. The space for exhibitors is ;is follows: — 1. Decorative part, about 400 square metres. 2. Hot and greenhouse plants, 1350 sq. metres. 3. Roses, 300 sq. metres. 4. Forced flowering shrubs, 300 sq. metres. 5. Perennials and bulbs, 300 sq. metres. 6. Cut flowers, leaves, fruits, and dried flowers and grasses, 250 sq. metres. 7. Trees, shrubs, &c, for gardens, 6S0 sq. metres. 8. Fruits and vegetables, 00 sq. metres. But in addition to these there are the rooms destined for banquet-rooms, salons, dining-rooms, winter gardens, &c. The entrance is in the principal hall, a ; in the middle of this is a large fountain, and at the four corners jets of water run out of the wall. All these fountains will be decorated by plants. There are also fountains in the halls, b, c, d, g, i, s, and t ; which will give an opportunity to the exhi- bitors of group XIII., No. 348, to arrange their groups. From the hall, a, we come to the opening hall, b, so called because the opening ceremony will take place there. The decorations are to be made by the exhibitors of group I., No. 10 to 13. At the right hand of this hall there is a platform for their ' Majesties. Decorative plants of group I., No. 10 to 13, are also to be found in the hall c. Through a portico a passage is made from A into the hall a ; this as well as the halls b b, the centre of c, the ball d, the centres of g, h, and i, are destined for group IV. (house plants). The halls b and b, will be laid out with little beds (see fig. 24). Fig. 25 shows an enclosure with beds surrounded by balco- nies upon pillars. The decorations will be made by low-growing plants ; the balconies will also be decorated. Over the entrances to these enclosures are balconies, and between them, windows, which are all to be decorated by the exhibitors in competition. Accord- ing to the number of the exhibitors, pillar balconies, free balconies, and prominent windows, will be constructed in all the halls in the centre axis of the exhibition palace, the decoration of all of which is to be competitive, The end of this architectural design forms a large portico from the hall, g to i. A large terrace connects both. The hall c, between a and d, allows of the con- struction and decoration of pagodas and pavilions. From the hall, d, we pass to the right and left, as well as to e, in the refreshment rooms. In e will be a band-stand. These three halls are conuected by curved paths ; along the latter are placed the circular enclosures, f, f, destined for the products of nursery gardens (trees, shrubs, cordons, See.). Similar exhibits will also be placed in the halls g, h, i. In i will be constructed a large carpet-bed of spring flowers and carpet plants. To the left of i is the hall m, destined for the illustration of landscape gardening and the exhibition of garden literature. The neighbouring hall, n, is destined for meetings. To the right of i are the halls b b, allotted to scientific exhibitions. Beside the hall h, right and left, lay the halls k, k, destined for winter garden decorations; they are each 17 by 9 metres. From g we pass on the left to the hall, z, which willj con- tain fruits and vegetables. Through a music-saloon we come to y, which, together with x and w, is de- voted to perennials and bulbs. In w, as well as in u and h, the plants will be exposed, which are in the Groups I., No. 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the programme, relating to the decoration of parlours in general and for festivities, such as baptisms and nuptial ceremonies, also for the decoration of family vaults. Each compartment is 63 by 7 metres. For each of these numbers of the programme two prizes are offered- -one for horticulture, the other for architecture. In the halls t, u, v, will be placed the Roses. From the hall t, we come through the two large halls c, c, in the hall s. The halls c, c, are destined for group I., No. 1 (brilliant decoration of a festal salon). Each is 19 by 24 metres. The halls q, r. s, will contain forced flowering shrubs, whilst p will contain the table decorations, and s the arrangements of cut flowers, leaves, fruits, dried flowers, grasses, &c. Horticultural Sculpture (group XIII., No. 349, of the programme) will be found in the halls f, g, h' and i. The exhibition is to be an international one. It will be of much importance to English gardeners to take part in it, as a great many medals will be offered for competition. His Majesty, the Emperor, has given a large gold medal ; many other medals and prizes are already offered. The railways will charge only half rates for all objects sent to the exhibition. The committee (Comitii der Grossen Allgemeinen Gartenbau-Ausstellung, Berlin N., Invaliden-strasse,42) will send programmes to any applicant on application. To accelerate the expedition of goods at the frontier, red labels are sup- plied by the committee, and which are to be affixed to the goods. No applications to take part in the exhibition will be entertained after March 1. The last Chrysanthemum show made it evident that English gardeners succeed well at German exhibitions, as the only English exhibitor got the 1st prize— the Gold Medal. May this be an incentive to others to become competitors. Our Berlin Cor- respondent. Trade Notices. A NEW ENTERPRISE. We hear that Messrs. R. Sankey & Son have taken 50 acres more land at liulwell, Notts, the underlying clay of which is very suitable for the manufacture of pots. Mr. John Kitley, from Rothiemurchus, Inverness- shire, has taken the gardens of Warwick Castle, where he intends carrying on the business of a nurseryman and florist. The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the a^regate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a " Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Bright Sun. s: be Accumulated. a g 2 t '\'i A a •i a =, -: '• ^ s-j'S 5 3 S ° s ;■-". fl Sit .'.," a + S^ \l -5 a *" l ~ z. p 2 < a S 34 'ST i 2 H £ £ Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. l-g. deg. deg. deg. Inch. 1 — 0 38 +■ 40 — 59 3 + 24 6.7 15 7 2 Haver. 0 41 4- 13 — 79 7 4- 20 4.5 24 15 3 1 + 6 30 1- - U4 3 + 15 1.5 18 14 4 3 + 15 33 + 5.) - 57 1 4- 17 1.4 29 22 5 3 + 13 30 4- 55 — 65 6 + 19 2.2 32 21 i; 4 + 31 13 + 07 - 78 3 + 17 2.2 24 19 7 Oaver. ■"> 20 4- 42 - S3 6 + 25 7.4 17 13 B 1 4- 9 24 + 49 - 77 ^ 23 3.9 14 14 9 2 + 30 13 + 58 — 37 12 4- 23 4.5 23 19 l.i 2 + 6 31 + 12 — 57 5 4- 25 4.6 30 23 11 Oaver. 13 26 4- 4) — 51 10 + 2 1 5.6 30 24 12 3 + 38 0 4- 74 - 31 U + 21 3.6 19 19 the first column are Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N". ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 0. England, 8. Principal Grazing .Vc, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W.; 9. England, S.W.; lu, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending January 25, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " Tlie weather has continued in a very rou^h, changeable, and rainy condition, over the entire kingdom. Over Ireland, Scotland, and most parts of England, the rainfall was occasionally heavy, and in a few instances was accompanied by thunder and lightning. During the intervals of comparative quiet the sky was genera'ly e'ear and bright, and the air pleasant. February 1, 189 J.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 145 " The temperature has been rather unsteady, but has continued a little above the mean over England and in the North of Ireland, and has equalled the mean in the west and east of Scotland, and in the south of Ireland ; in ' Scotland, N.,' however, a slight deficiency is shown. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on the 25th, ranged from 50D in ' Scotland, N.,' to 56° in most of the English districts, and in ' Ireland, S.,' and to 57° in 'England, N.E.' On the 23rd (when the thermo- meter was very low over Scotland) the daily maxi- mum at Aberdeen was as low as 28°. The lowest of the minima were registered between the 21st and 23rd, and varied from 14° in ' Scotland, E.,' and 15° in ' Scotland, X.,' to 33° in ' England, S.,' and to 38° in the ' Channel Inlands.' " The Rainfall has been more than the mean in all districts. Over southern and eastern England the excess has been somewhat trifling, but in nearly all other districts it has been large. " Bright sunshine does not differ much from that recorded last week, the percentage of the possible amount of duration having ranged from 15 to 24 in Scotland, and from 14 to 32 over England. In Ire- land the percentage was 30, and in the Channel Islands, 19." Markets. CO VENT GARDEN, January 30. Business very dull, and prices of imported goods much lower. Grapes realising better values. James Weiiber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t. d. i. d. I t. d. t. d. Apples, f-sieve ... 1 6- 7 0 Lemons, per cane... 12 0-20 0 — Nora Scotia, brl. 12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-1" Cobs, per 1001b. Grapes, per lb. *, Asparagus, BngUah, 1-1'" 8 Beiuu, French, lb. ... 0 Beet, red, per dozen I Carrots, per bunch... 0 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 Celery, per bundle ... 1 Cucumbers, each ... 1 Endive, per dozen ... 2 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 Leeks, per bunch ... 0 I>ituc4s per dozen... 1 Mushrooms, punnet 1 Plakt8 n* Pots. — St. .Mi.-hael, each 2 0-60 0-40| .— Averaok Retail Prices. d. $. d. $, d. f . d Mustard and Cress, 0-10 0 punnet 0 4- ... i*- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... 0-2 0 Parsley, per bunch .. 0 tf-'... 6- ... Khubarb, per bundle 0 (5- ... 3- ... Seakale, puuuet ... 3 0- ... 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 0-16 Spinach, per bushel... I 0- ... 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... 4- ... Bruise] 8pr.. I.iiii. J I.ihum. v:,r., ISnL... 2 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 Mignonette. ia t„ln. ■> - French, per bun. l Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 —Averaok Wholesale Pbioeb. d.i.d. t.d.l.d. 0-18 0 Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 0 n 43 i» Kerns, in var., per do/en 4 0-18 0 6-10 8 Ficus elastics, each . 18-70 0- :t ii Foliage plants, vari- 0-13 0 ous. each 3 0-10 0 0-34 n Hyacinths, p. doz ... 9 0-12 0 0-24 0 ' Lily of the Valley, p. 0-12 U do/., pots is ii 34 0 I Marguerites, doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-60 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 I Pelargoniums, scur- 0-18 0 I let, per dozen ...8 0-8 0 Konmii llva. intli-. 0-18 0 | per dozen pots ... 9 0 1-' 0 I Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-34 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 0-10 0 Average Wholesale Prices d.s.d. | >. O- 4 0 Narciss., paper-white, French, doz. bun. :t — Eng.,doz. sprays 0 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 r — dozen sprays... 1 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 Kimiiin Syacinths, Eng., do/., sprays... 0 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 — French, dozen ... 1 — red.perdozen ... 2 — Safrnno, dozen... 1 Spirea. doz. sprays... 1 St, pli, urn tis, 12 spr. 9 Tuberoses. 12 bims.... 1 Tulips, doz. blooms... 1 Violet*, 12 bun ... 1 I i ii. h, Imnch ... 1 — Parma, bani h ... 9- 1 6 8- 1 0 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-2 0 0-12 0 4-0 9 0-21 0 6-10 0-9 0 O- 4 0 6-2 0 0-6 0 9- 1 6 o- :t u 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 6-2 6 0- 1 6 0-12 0 ti- 2 0 ii- 3 ii 0-2 0 fi- 3 0 Orchid-bloom in variety. POTATO] Market ipiict. Best red-soil Mn;;r,'ims nod i;. ' in -. 100*. ; Vni k-. i \I ilt ), •' i.. . other samples vary from 4U*. to 80,. per Ion. First arrival of Canary New I'otatos to hand :— Kidneys, 105. to -'-' . ; Sounds, 10s. to 12s. per cwt. J. S. Thomas. SEEDS. London : Jan. 29. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report a moderate business doing. Choice samples of home- grown red Cloverseed are scarce, and command full prices. Ordinary qualities of both English and Continental growth are cheap and abundant. More money is asked for Alsike. White Cloverseed is firm. There is no change in Trefoils. Rye-grasses are neglected. Blue Peas show no movement. Un- usually low rates prevail for Canary seed. Good black Rapeseed is wanted. For Mustard the sale is slow. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quart- r), for the week ending January 25 : — Wheat, 30s. Id. ; Barley, 32s. 2d. ; Oats, 18s. Id. For the corre- sponding period last vear : — Wheat, 30s. \d. ; Barley, 26s. ~d. ; Oats, 16s. 3d. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfiei.ds : Jan. 29. — Good supplies of green vegetables, English and foreign fruit, &c. Demand fair. Potato trade very quiet. Prices : — English Apples, 4s. to lis. per bushel ; American do., 16s. to 20s. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bundles ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. 6>. per ton. Spitalfiklds: Jan. 29, (Quotations: — Magnums, 45s. to 7' is. . Regent*, 55s. to 70s.; Champions, 45*. to 50s. ; Imperators, 55*. to 70».j Hebron*, 50*. to 60s. ; Early Rose, 15*, to 50*. per ton. Stratford: Jan. 29.— Quotations :— Scotch Re- gents, 60s. to 70s. ; do., Magnums, 60s. to 80s. ; light English do., 50s. to 65s. ; dark, do., 40«. to 41s. Gd.. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : -Clover, prime, 'i8s. to 93s. ; do., inferior, 40*. to 75s. Best hay, 60s. to 90s.; do., inferior, 26s. to 50s. Straw, 28*. to 40s. per load. ©intuars. William Wildsmith.— Our readers will leurn with much regret that we have to announce the death of the well-known head gardener at Hecklield. After a short illness he passed away on Wednesday night last, January 29. Mr. Wildsmith has had charge of the gardens at Hecklield Place, Winch- field, for about twenty years, having been previously in the gardens in a subordinate capacity. Since the severe shaking Mr. Wildsmith sus- tained some time since, through an accident when driving, he has been somewhat enfeebled, although his lively spirits were by no means subdued. He has been for some years a member of the Royal Horticultural Society's Fruit Committees, and attended the last meeting on January 14. Under his charge the gardens at Heckfield have been maintained in a thoroughly satisfactory manner, for, although a fruit grower, he was also a good all-round gardener, as the flower garden at Heckfield alone will testify. We hope next week to give further information. Law Notes. PROSECUTION OF A SALESMAN. Frederick Wise was, on Thursday last, again charged at Bow Street, under the conditions already published, and committed for trial, subject to a formal remand. Notices to Correspondents. Creosoted Conservatory Tinders : C. B. We have some slight recollection of having answered your inquiry at or about the time it was made. The timber once having been saturated with creosote — a preparation from Beech tar — nothing will again clear it, and a house built with such timber will be permanently unfit lor plant growing. Dot'iiLE-sPATHED Auuji : T. A. H. Not at all un- common. Exchange. — Hare's-foot Ferns wanted in exchange for Soap-nuts. Address, G. H. P., 6, Morpeth Street, Spring Bank, Hull. Hemlock: //. R. See Bentley & Trimen Medical Plants, or consult Pritzel's Index Icomtm for a complete list of figures. Insects: J. Rose. The grub sent is that of the Wood Leopard Moth, Zcuzeraiesculi. The cater- pillar should be killed by inserting a stout wire into its hole, or by forcing into the cavity some insecticide through a sharply-pointed nozzle. Names of Plants : W. C. .('• S. Crinum giganteum, Andr., Rot. Mai/., t. 5205. — Aster Chinensis. Ilele- chrysum paniculatum. — W. P. Eupatorium Haageanum. -V. 1". '/.. The plant sent as Melia Azederach is Duranta Plumieri. B. M. 1, Taxo- dium sempervirens ; 2, Cupressus sempervirens var. ; 4, a species of Callitris alias Frenela, we cannot tell which species. Please say whence the specimens were derived. — A. W. 1, Bulbophyl- lum auricomum ; 2, Dendroliium Johannis ; 3, 1). teretifolium. Phosphate ok Lime : A. P. This substance, required by most kinds of cereal and root crops, is found largely in bones and fossil phosphates, but being insoluble in water, it must be rendered soluble (Diphosphate of lime), by the addition of oil of vitriol of a specific gravity of 1'70 to 175, and obtained as " brown acid." The proportions are : For coprolites, 20 cwt., 17 cwt. of brown acid, and 3 cwt. of water ; for bone-ash superphosphate, 20 cwt. bone-ash, 16 cwt. brown acid, and 2j cwt. water. In making small quantities of phosphate of lime for home use, it is a good policy to use as much acid as the boneB will take up, and as a general rule the water should be added to the acid and not to the bones. It should be carefully mixed in a walled cistern. When thoroughly made, it requires to be dried, and this is best done by mixing with some dry materials, as burnt earth, fine ashes, &c. A good manure is made from one third bones and two thirds coprolites. The Forcing Ground, New Garden : Charlotte B. For tidiness' sake, the forcing grouud and forcing houses of all kinds should be in an enclosure by themselves, there being at all times litter laying about, which, if this division form part of the kitchen garden, gets blown all over that depart- ment, causing constant labour in sweeping, &c. We often find long stretches of warm southerly walls in kitchen gardens that might be profitably utilised for Peach, Apricot, and Fig growing, given 146 THE GA B D E NE li S ' GHR O NI CL E. [Febedaey 1, 1890. up to form the back walls of vineries, &c, to carry a few shelves for Beans and Strawberries in the spring and winter. Tomato Seeds Germinating within the Fruit : R. C. T. It will frequently occur when the tem- perature in which the fruit may be placed, is favourable to germination, and the seeds are enveloped in a pulpy cell mass. It may be noticed very commonly in Melons, Oranges, Cucumbers, &c. Tomatos : J. C. We should say that a rod 5J feet high, if well grown, should yield about 10 lb. of fruit. Vines and Extra Warmth at the Flowering Period : W., Malvern Wells. Heat is beneficial at that period, because it acts favourably on the chemical changes that are then taking place within the flower. It also has the effect of causing the flowers on a bunch to open almost simultaneously. Hastening the flowering of any plant unduly is always in some degree injurious, but Vines will stand severe forcing for several years without ill effects, if heavy crops of fruit be not taken, and their general management is good. Only Vines with a restricted space for the roots, as one in a pot or tub, for instance, suffer greatly by being forced. Violets: A. W. Fit:william. An excellent culti- vator of the Violet, Mr. J. Heath, to whom we applied respecting the cause of failure, says : — •' The Neapolitan Violet, when fairly well grown, begins flowering towards the end of August, and continues to do so more or less profusely until the end of April, and its persistence is such that it would be safe to say that in an untouched or undisturbed bed, a bloom, indifferent or otherwise, might be picked any day in the year. Not so with the Russian Violet, which generally gives a few flowers in autumn— say, September and Octo- ber ; its proper time of flowering being from February till end of April. Exceptions to this rule may arise from climatic influences, or from some exceptionally favourable situations and seasons, or from some check the plants may have sustained. Since your plants have made strong growth, and continue to be healthy, it is safe to say they will flower grandly at the proper time. The above is my experience in Scotland and the north of England. The Neapolitan and Marie Louise have the longest period of flowering of any of the varie- ties of Violets. Of course, if Russian Violets are in frames, they will flower more or less throughout the winter. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. R. and J. Farqdhar & Co., Boston, U.S.A. — Seeds. James Yates, Underbank, Stockport — Carnations, &c. Wm. N. Craig, Kendal— Seeds. Bruant, Poitiers, Vienne, France — New Plants. V. Lemoine & Son, 134, Rue du Montet, Nancy, France — New Plants. Emile Cappe. Au Vesinet (Seine et Oise, France) — General Plant List. John Gardiner & Co., 21, North 13th Street, Phila- delphia, Pa., U.S.A.— Seed Annual for 1890. Hooper & Co., Covent Garden, London, W.C. — Seeds. William Green, 44, Vicar Lane, Leeds— Garden and Agricultural Seeds. V. Doppled, Erfurt, Germany — Seeds and Plants (Wholesale List). Wm. Samson & Co , 8 and 10, Portland Street, Kil- marnock— Seeds and Plants. W. Tait & Co., 119 and 120, Capel Street, Dublin- Garden Seeds, &c. Communications Received. — E. Jenkins. — A. D. — Sfcreoker. — «i. H. Pugh (next week).— Burr & Son.— V. W— W. B. H. — T. Roberts.— D. S. M.— C. W. 1).— H. W. W— E. M.— II. T. F.— G. F. W.— D.— W. C.-P. E. N.— Ch. D. B.— J. Rust— J. S. C— N. E. B.— J. Carvill.— J. F- J. W.— Con- stant Reader.— W. L.—E. P. & Sons.— Wm. Sniythe.— W. D.-D. Hunt.— H. R.— I. F. T.-J. C. & Co.— W. R.— J. D.— M. T. M.— J. S.— H. E. DIED. — On January 23, at Hastings, Henry Clarke Weisheb, of Covent Garden Market, aged 41, younger surviving son of the late Michael James and Margaret Webber. We regret to announce the death of Mr. James Bell, Head Gardener for seventeen years to Lord Blantyre, Erskine House, on Sunday, January 26, after an illness of eight months' duration, at the age of 54 years. He left a widow and four children. HARTLAND'S 56 page "YEAR BOOK" of SEEDS for 1890. Within itself unique in the extreme. His " Book of Daffo- dils " has no rival in the United Kingdom. His " Book of Seeds "for 1890 is not like any other publication throughout the British Isles, and there are seeds and plants ottered that no other house has yet attempted to offer. Send three stamps to cover postage, &c, and write for copy. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. Hand F. SHARPE are prepared to make • very low offers of all the principal kinds of Seed POTATOS. grown expressly for Seed purposes from the finest selected stocks. The samples arc very good, and free from coarse and diseased tubes. Seed-growing Establishment, Wisbech. V The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. XHIBITION BRUSSELS SPROUT SEED. The very finest variety that can possibly be grown. Exceed- ingly heavy cropper, enormous sprouts, mo-t delicate flavour. These seeds were grown from seeds supplied by Messrs. Sutton at a cost of 30*. per lb. They are wellhirvested, and in perfect condition. Price 5*. per lb. — nut less that \ lb. sent. Cheaper by the peck or bushel. All carriage paid. Cash with order. HORACE G. GRIPPER, Rennesley Farm. Ware. Special Offer to the Trade. Kf)() TONS Choice SEED TOTATOS for *s\j\J disposal, comprising, among others, the following varieties:— Fidler's Reading Giant, 100s.; Sutton's Abundance, 80s.; Sutton's Seedling, 80s.; Beauty of Hebron. 80s. ; White Elephant. 80s. ; Imperator, 70s. ; Schoolmaster. 80s. ; The Bruce. 80s. ; Reading Hero, 80s. ; Magnum Bomim, 60s. ; Veitch's Ashleaf, 80s. ; Vicar of Laleham, 805. ; King of the Russett. 80s.; Reading Russett, 70s. ; Early Rose, 70s. per ton, &c, &c, all free on Rails. Any further particulars free upon application to — C. FIDLER. Seedsman and Potato Grower. Reading. QUICKS, QUICKS ! !— li to 2 feet, 10s. 1000 ; 2 to 2£ feet, 12s. 1000 ; 21 to 3 feet, lis. 1000 ; 4 to 5 feet, bus. 1000. All line stout stuff. T. SMITH AND SONS. Nurseries. Stranraer. N.B. /CHRISTMAS ROSES for Present Planting, \J Bath variety, strong plants, 6s. per dozen, including packing, for cash. T. CURTIS, The Nursery, Bathford, Bath. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE will be pleased to • K've Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisl.ct h. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16.000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and* Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Postrfree. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL. E.C BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. FINE HODGIN HOLLIES, 3 to 4 feet, bushy and well-rooted, 30s. per dozen, £10 per 100 ; do., 4 to 5 feet, 36s. per dozen, £12 10s. per 100, delivered at our nearest railway station. THOS. STEAD AND SON, Holly Nursery, Bold, Warrington. FERNS.— FERNS.— FERNS.— Trade offer in twenty most saleable sorts, PTERIS POLYPODIUM, ADIANTUM LYGODIUM, &c, packed free for cash. J. SMITH, 140, Loughboro' Road, Brixton, S.W. SHARPE'S VICTOR POTATO (True).— The earliest prolific Potato extant. Extra selected from original stock. Price, 2s. per stone of 14 lb. Cash with order. J. E. DIXON, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. pHEAP OFFER for CASH.— Black Italian \J POPLARS, fine stuff, 12 to 15 feet (girth of stem 3 feet from ground average 44; inches), on rail at Hassocks Station, 40s. per 100, cash with order. W. BALCHIN AND SONS, Hassocks, Sussex. Thirty-fifth Annual Issue. W THOMPSON, Seedsman, e 34. Tavern Street, Ipswich, Invites the attention of Amateurs to his SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE of FLOWER SEEDS for the present season. It includes many Choice and Rare Seeds, exclusively in his possession. Lovers of Alpine and Hardy Perennials should hot fail to apply for a copy. Free on post-paid application. O S E S — R O S_E S — R OSES. 50 Choice H.P. and TEA ROSES in good plants and best-named varieties for 21s., 25 plants for lis. MARECHAL NIELS, in 24-pots, strong flowering plants, 2s. each, 21s. per dozen. TEA ROSES, a fine Collection, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. Terms Cash. EDWIN HILLIER, Rose Grower, &c, Winchester. HRYSANTHEMUMS, best sorts true to name, strong Cuttings nosv ready, from Is. 6rf. per dozen, 10s. per 100. Many of the best prizes in the country are taken by my customers. For price of New Japanese Incurved. &c, see CATALOGUE, 2 stamps, of W. ETHERINGTON, Chrysanthemum Grower, Swanscombe, Kent. TO THE TRADE. w E can make Special Prices for any of the following, in quantities :— PEAS. ABUNDANCE AMERICAN WONDER BLUE PETER CHAMPION OF ENGLAND DICKSON'S FAVOURITE F( IRTYFOLD ALASKA TELEGRAPH PRIDE OF MARKET NE PLUS ULTRA LITTLE GEM SANGSTER'S SELECTED STRATAGEM TELEPHONE TOM THUMB. ONIONS. BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, SEED MERCHANTS, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. SEEDS. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of the very best quality, carriage free. CATALOGUES Post-free on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSToN, LIVERPOOL. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, LONDON, W.C. 1600. Please send me " Thk Gabdeners' Chronicle " for _ commencing _____ t/or which 1 enclose P. O.O. Months, (ST Please Note tnat all Copies sent Direct from this Office must be paid for In advance. _! THE UNITED KINGDOM:— 12 Months. 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. «d. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9rf. ; PosWree. FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS (excepting India and China) :— Including Postage, 17s. id. for 12 Months. India and China, 19s. 6- Receipts for less than six months' subscription will not be sent unless specially asked for. P.O.O. to be made payable at the Post Office, No. _, DRXTRY LANE, London, to W. RICHARDS, Cheques should be orossed " DRUMMOND," February 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 147 Special Offer. RHODODENDRON PUNTICTJM, strong bushy plants. 3 to 4 feet, and same in diameter, well set with bads, 18s. per dozen ; 'J to 3 feet do.. 12s. per dozen ; 2 to 2i feet do.. 9s. per dozen ; 2 feet do.. 6s. per dozen; 1£ feet do., 4s. per dozen ; 1 to 1* feet do., 2s. 6d. ABIES DOUGLASII, 6 to 7 feet. 16s. per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, 12s. 6d. per dozen : 4 to 5 feet. 9s. per dozen; 3 to 4 feet. 7s. per dozen. PIN" US AUSTRIACA, 1 to 1§ feet, 5s. per 100; 1J to 2 feet. 10s. per 100. less per 1000. The above are all strong, and regularly transplanted. EPP3 and CO.. Ringwood Nurseries, Hants. FOREST TREES. — ASH, 2 to 3 feet ; BIRCH, twice transplanted, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, 5 to 6 feet; ELM. Scotch, twice transplanted, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, 5 to 6 feet, 7 to 9 f-et : LABURNUM, twice trans- planted, 4 to 6 feet. 5 to 7 feet; OAK. English. 1* to 2 feet, 2 to 3 feet; PINTS AUSTRIACA, 1 to 1£ feet, twice trans- planted, 2 to 3 f-et, 3 to 4 feet; pints Montana, twice transplanted, 2 to 3 feet; Scotch FIR, twice transplanted, 1J to 2 feet. 2 to 2.1 feet, 2J to 3$ feet; Spruce FIR. 8 to 12 inches, 13 to 15 inches, 1 to H feet, twice transplanted, 1§ to 2 feet, 2 to 3 feet; Silver FIR, 9 to 12 inches. 12 to 18 inches,, is to 24 inches. SHRUBS.— HOLLY, Green, several times transplanted. 1- to 2 fa t. 2 to 3 feet. 3 to 4 feet ; YEWS. English, several time* transplanted, 1£ to 2 feet, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet; THTIA LOBBII. twice transplanted, 2f to 3 feet. 3 to 4 feet, 1 to 5 feet; (TPRESSUS NUTKAENSIS, 2 to lifeet, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, We hold large stocks of above. Prices on application per 100 or 1000 to— DICKSON & TTJRNBTJLL, NURSERYMEN, PERTH. SHARPE'S VICTOR POTATO. EARLIEST OF ALL. TO PTtEVEXT DISAPPOINTMENT, Order direct of the 1: CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD, And see their Trade Mark is on each Package. TOMAJrtELUDE" At the groat trial of Tom If, where they were grown porh.ip- r .M.r t ,1:111 .-ver l.-K.r.-. i !, showed its superiority from beginning to end; it pro f«r the greatest crop of mi d flavour, from the very grouml up to t .ir*f.--'t high, and «iili the lea-t attention always Beta well, it « is ovei again pronounced by the beet judges hi the world the freest and most profitable Tomato ol 'ill by a long way ; it al to proved unmistakably the besl in our l K) feel trial house, and the -Jim.- report reaches us from all part* of the world. A real gold mine to market gi Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Is. 6d. per Packet. SEED CATALOGUE, of the ■ PERFECT SEED3 DIRECT ONLY from H. CANNELL & SONS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to nearly nil tfo Royal Families and " Heads" in the World. SWANLEY, KENT. PRIZE COB FILBERT TREES. MR. COOPER, F.R.H.S., of Calcot Gardens, i , Berks, is the lai I of Prize Col. Filbert Trees i->r Sale in the Kingdom. No garden should be with.il' ' prolific Tr prii.- lists. &c, on application. I. DAVIES & SON ; Hi- rhododendrons, best named kinds, at i- , ;i .1 1 13s. per dozen— price En accordance with quality ami size. Hybrid Seedlings ol own raising, in gre it variety, 8 • . i -' .. 18 . and 30s. pet dozei w.-ll -.-I with Hower-buds. AZALEA MOLLIS Seedlings, nice bushes, , overe I with buds, i in. tv of bi i 8s. to - per dozen. LILIUM AURATUM, from own saved seed, fine Rov ering bulbs, 6s. to 9*. per doi m General Nursery CATALOGUE free. BROOK UNF. NURSERY, ORMSKIRK. JARMAN'S BULBS, ROSES, FRUIT TREES, &c. Illustrated Catalogue post-free on application. JARMAN & CO., CHARD, SOMERSETSHIRE. A BIG SALE, COMPULSORY UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, From St. John's Colleye, Cambridge, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS' TENANCY. Must still go on as many acres remain to be cleared. Ordinary Prices are superseded, anil all engaged in Planting Operations should come and see. or write for particulars. Hardy Evergreens, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, &c. CHARLES NOBLE, Bag-shot. Pnrrhas' book to Su i lale si , S.W. Rail. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS. 3lJ. 6rf. per Ton, or 126s. per Truck of 4 tons ; Bags. 5s. each ; 10 Bags. 45s. BROWN and BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 25s. per Ton. or £5 per Truck of 4 tons; Bags. 5s. each ; 10 Bags. 45s. PE \T. for forming Rhododendron, Bog. and American Plant Beds, 21s. per Ton. or £6 ts. per Truck of EESON'S Al A N U R K— The Best and y Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sjld in Tins, Is., 2s 6d.. is. 6d., and 10s. (4. each, or 1 owt. Bags, sealed, l.'ls. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. REK.SON. Carbrook Hone Mills. Sheffield. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, theaameas supplied to the Roval Horticultural Society. Truck-load of 1 tons, il ; free on to Rail, L B. s. C. andS. E.. £1 5s. ; in] 10, £tlos. Cash with order. .1. sri \ ENS 1KB CO., 163. High Street, Battersea, S.W. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia Si .I--. Red Spider. Mealy Bug, Brown ami White Scale, Worms, W...-1 Lice, Jfcc " OT/^OCMfl " THE UNIVERSAL IT 1 \J t\ El i\ /\ , INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAI EFFECTUAL. 15, Pitr l I'iMii Kim. Ju'y 15, 1SS7. "Seat Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide winch you were so good to sin t me. Al the rate ol 1 or., to a gallon of water at a temperature ••( 95 . I Rod it kill- Green Fly immediately. Double thie strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at [ate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; ok, to gallon at same temperature effectually Mealy Bug. ai.d .o far as 1 have yet observed., Without the slightest injury to teal or Rower, mil it is withal a most sgreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engint severer test ol effi id washing or ipray. I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victor mil Para Surs.-ri.-s, IppiT Holloway, London, ; 1--- •■ i, i \ i i i mi \ I hive given your Ius.-cti- cide, ■ Ph irena,' a good trial m competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I I ave found il to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we nave ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) I:, s. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists. Aurscryaien, and Florists, in Bottles at 1 I. «., -'>. 6rf„ and '■'■■■ M. i in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), los.fr/. and 20s. each; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared r,nh/ r.y DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO.. Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May he had from II. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway. London; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON. 157. Queen Victoria Street. London. TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, 86?. per lb. ; J- 14 lb., 9s.; do. FIBRE, much stronger and better. 9rf. per lb.; 14 1b.. 10s. ; do., Cord, Sd. per lb., 281b., 10s. 281b. carriage paid to any station. Large reduction to the trade. PEIRCF.'and CO., St. Andrew's, Bristol. !!! PEAT !M SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT .Ml IT Lit, LEAK-MOULD, LOAM, ind line SILVER S\N1>, SPHAGNUM, COCOA ''IBIIE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST. FRUIT, and ROSE TREES, CONIFERS. RHODO- DENDRONS. &o. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPP3 & CO., The Old-established Peat. Depot, Ringwood, Hants bentley's Insecticide. Mr G. WYTHKS.iS'yon House, writes:— " Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all in ■ I i i For particulars apnlv to JOSEPH EENTLEY, Chemical II'JLL- NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u*. per cask. By the yard or truckload. Special Prices, Carriage Paid to any Station. Splendid Yellow Fibrous Loam, F.O.R. Surrey, 16*. per ton, in truckloads. BONES for VINE BOROERS, fresh, raw, crushed, A to \ inch .Meal and Flour, Char- coal, Peat'and Wood Ashes. WOOD & SON'S Prize Manures and other Specialties. Samples and Price List forwarded on application. ^A/. WOOD &. SON, F.R.H.S., WOOD OR1 EN, fcOSPON, tj. 148 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Fbbbdaby 1, 1S90. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnborough, Hants. SAVE HALF THE COST. RAPxIni" V BEDFORDSHIRE UHrtdlUL 0 C0ARSE AND FINE «ss? SILVER SAND Quality obtainable iu the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed, with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE. Jun.. F.R.H.S.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with "KILLMRIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices on application to THE "STOTT" FERTILISER & INSECTI- CIDE COMPANY (LIMITED), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thnps, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s.. and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boies, 6 pul ttig'-th.-r with wedges, mid rnnbfl take apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices. Carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — the mwt useful kind of very on- « ith a garden should ■ight over one on to the othe 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 0 0 Packing 2 10 0 CaBea , 4 7 6 FREE. 3 10 0 J 6 17 6 6 feet „ 4 feet 12 feet „ 4 feet 6 feet „ 6 feet 12 feet „ 5 feet Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builder) ami Engineer,, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skkltox, Seedsman, he. 2. Hollowly Road. N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, linillliJIlllTuiliiiiliiji; ■■Ui.^. PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description. In either Woo;(. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2». per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks. 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each ; 4 feet high. Is. 9d. each ; 6 feet high, 3s. 6d. each. [BOH GARDEN STAKES Japmned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 31. p-r dozen; 3 feet 6 inches high, 4s. W. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. '3d. per dozen, STRAWBERRY GUARDS, 18 inches wide, it. 3d. each; ends, 3-i. each. PEA OR SEEK GUARDS, 5», per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span. 8s. W. each. Carriage paid on alt orders above 40s. < Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AND IT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.G. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, CATES, &c. IRON ROOFINC AND HAY BARNS. ^r#^*l^^ id pi advice given as U> tne best and most, economical rences to put Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN indSi INS are offering Aroh- • angel Mats lower than an) other house In the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mai Bag., Baffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free, i and 5, Wormwood Street, E.O. LI G N Oli I N E. — Iiest preservative of wood against adverse influence of climate, dampness of soil, he. Arrests decay, absolutely destroys all fungi-growths, and forms a permanent external protection. It leaves a brownish colour upon which any other colour can be laid. Price in casks. 22s. M. per cwt. ; sample tins, St, ."./. per gallon, delivered in Manchester and London. EDWARD SCHERY. 134. Deansgate. Manchester. Greenhouse Fires, Stoves, tec. SMALL COK B, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. J. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham, MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office:— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.O. Head Office:— 61, Cornhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary. Second-hand, Half-price. PRACTICAL BUTANV, by Houston, Is.; TABLE DECORATION, by W. Low, 3s.; HANDY- BOOK of the FLOWER GARDEN, by David Thomson, 4s. PRACTICAL ENCYCLOPAEDIA of HORTICULTURE, by Geobue Nicholson, of Kew. in 24 parts, complete, price, with 2UOO Illustrations. W. HOPKINS. Turnford, near Broxbourne. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. J. HORNER, Myton Hall, thanking numerous applicants. SITUATION FILLED. WANTED, a WORKING MANAGER, as PARTNER, in nn improving Flower and Fruit Growing Business, with a Capital ol £300 to £400.— For further par- ticulars apply to JOHN SALLAWAY, Accountant, 24, Jury Str . Wi ick. w ANTED. — Advertiser desires to meet with an intelligent and weU-ihformed Gentlemanof twenty-live years of age, of imiu trious, energetic, and ■ring habits, experienced in Nursery .Mauageiuent pih\ Outd r), toassist him in the Uevelo] I .i . I rim - in the South, doing a local us well as a pread ti le. h, the event ol his meeting with a suit i ■ inarrangemeni with a view to partnership might irtained but hi i <> case would high wages he given at rr, Fii t-cla i references required. Apply, !>v letter, II. II., Box, Smith's Advertising oy, IS I ..... u. E.C. w /■ANTED, a HEAD GARDENEB. or MANAGER o! a Large .Market Place, Pines, Vines, Melons, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers, See, in quantity ; Bonquetist, WreathiSt, and Propagator. Thoroughly up. Also Lands, iping, Highest testimonials.— Address, PARK SUPEK- im 1 M.I NT, \ li torts lark, Handsworth, Birmingham. WA N TED, a HEAD GARDENER, for a Largo Garden, with a good deal of Olass, Conserva- tory, &c. None hut quiet, lirsl class men at all brunches need apply— by letter, to 0. T. HOARE, Esq., Bignell, Bicester, Oion, ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GAR- DENER. Well up in all branches, and Early and Late Forcing. State age, wages required, and full particulars of last and pre. ems si mat ions. — Apply by letter, .JOHN ECCLES, F'uringtou House, Preston. Decorator. WANTED, for a Large Trivate Establish- ment, a young GARDENEB, with good taste for Table and House Decoration. One who has gained some experience in France preferred. Situation permanent. Goou wages given. — Experience, and all particulars, toR. F. II. , Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a good experienced UNDER GARDENER, with Wife to do Laundry Work. Four- roomed cottage, with laundry, &.C., on the piemises. — Apply, by letter, with references, and stating wages required, to Mr. PAUL HENWOOD, Church House, Bromley, Kent. WANTED, MAN and WIFE (without encumbrunce), to take charge of a Cottage in Surrey. —Man as Gardener (no Glass), to look after Cow and Poultry, ami to make himself useful. Wife, the Dairy, and Small Laundry ; must ftlSO be able to do Plain Cooking for probably three mouth* in summer, when assistance -would be giveu.— Apply, by Ictt.-r, stating age, wages, where and how occupied WANTED, a FOREMAN, under Glass. One who has u good knowledge of Growing Plants, Fruit, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers, Sec, for Market. —Apply, at first by letter, stating age, wages, experienoe, &c, to W. LEES, Earley, Reading. AKTKD, a MAN, well up hi Pern Growing for Market. None need apply without having had past experience in Market Nurseries.— Apply by letter, E. Cl'RKY, West Green Nurseries, West Green, Tottenham. 150 THE GAttDENE&S* CHRONICLE. [February 1, 1890. WANTED, a MAN, to grow Bouvaidias, Chrysanthemums, Ferns, and other Soft-wooded Plants for Market, Wages. 21s. to commence with. Write, stating experience, and where hist employed. — Apply to LEWIS AND WILLIAMS, Ember Nursery, Thames Ditton, Surrey. Y\7" ANTED AT OiNCE, a MAN (age from T T 28 to 40, who is a thorough master of Grape Growing (speciality), Tomatos, Cucumbers, ami Vegetables, both under Glass and Outdoor. A man with a good knowledge of Florists' Flowers, and an abstainer, preferred. Wages, 21s. per week. — C. H. GORRINGE. Hoselands Nursery. Eastbourne. WANTED, an energetic young Man, well up in Tomato Growing, quick at Potting, &c. from a Market Nursery.— State age, wages, &c, to J. ILLMAN, Lincoln. WANTED, a single MAN, acquainted with Nursery Work to go out to Vancouver, British Columbia. Wages JJ25 a month, board and lodging. To engage for one or two years. — Apply at once to JOHN LAING and SONS, Nurserymen, &c, Forest Hill, S.E. Orchids. WANTED, an intelligent young MAN, about 18 or 19. to Assist in the Orchid Houses.— State experience, age. and wages required— to CHARLES WINN, Selly Hill, Birmingham. WANTED, an active young MAN, to Work in the Houses. — Apply, by letter, stating age, expe- rience, aud wages required, to T. FLETCHER, Kiddington Hall Gardens, Woodstock. Oxon. ANTED, TWO or THREE young MEN, to Work in the Houses.— Apply by letter to R. BULLEN, Nurseryman, Lewisham. WANTED, several quick active young MEN, in a Market Nursery, where Grapes, Tomatos, and Cucumbers are extensively grown. — JOHN ROCHFORD, Turkey Street, Waltham Cross. Seedsmen. JOURNEYMAN SEEDSMAN, who has had experience in Farm Seeds, WANTED, to Assist Principal in Office and Warehouse (Scotland).— Apply, stating age, experience, wages, &c, to D. B., Gardeners1 Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED IMMEDIATELY as SHOPMAN and SALESMAN, active, and of good address, thoroughly acquainted with the Retail Counter Trade, Seeds and Bulbs, also with a thorough knowledge of Acco .nts, the Nursery and Plant Department, and competent wilh the Making-up of Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, and the General Furnishing Department.— Apply, stating full particulars as to age, salary required, wheie last employed, and how long, to FREDERICH A. WHITE, for the Executors, Royal Nurseries, Bournemouth. ANTED, an experienced SHOPMAN, of good address. Must be well acquainted with the Garden Seed Trade and Books, a good Cut Flower Trade is done well.— State age, salary expected, with references to HORTUS, Messrs. Cooper, Taber & Co.. 90, Southwark Street, Loudon, S.E. WANTED, an experienced young LADY FLORIST, must be thoroughly competent. State ex- perience, where acquired, wages required, &c. — Apply by letter to THOROUGH, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a MAN, of good character, to Assist Stoker, and make himself generally useful in Nursery.— H. B.MAY, Dyson'. Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton. WANT PLACES. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish reveated. Gardeners. Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors, Agents, and others requiring the services of GARDENERS, FORKSTEK-i, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. "P\ I C K S O N S, Koyal Nurseries, Chester, -L-' (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN ol the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" MCKSONS, CHESTER." EAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and tirst-class character.— THi PS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. ICHARD SMITH 1*7d C~a beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, aud that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING and SONS can at present recommend with every confidence several energetic and practical MEN of tested ability and first-rate character. Ladies and Gentlemen in want of GARDENERS and BAILIFFS, and HEAD GARDENERS for first-rate Establishments or Single- handed Situations, can be suited and have full particulars by applying at Stanstead Park and Rutland Park N Forest Hill, Loudon, S.E. GARDENER (Head). — Age 40; highly recommended, thoroughly efficient in his duties.— J H Albany Road. Hersbam, Walton-ou-Thanies, Surrey. GARDENER (Head) ; married, one child.— J. Blackbuhne, Elmstead Grange. Chislehurst, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, H. Peiifold, as above. Thorough experienced man.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head).— Age 31, single; six- teen years' experience in Stove. Greenhouse, Vines, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Three years' good refer -e — W. BINGHAM, 25, West Place. Wimbledon, Surrey. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' experience in good places. Thoroughly competent in all branches. Good references. Abstainer.— F. C, Tongham, near Faruham, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 34, married, one child (age 9) ; well up in all branches. Had charge of present Gardens eleven years Late Foreman at Woolley Park.— T. M., The Gardens wiiitlev Beaumont, Huddersfield. ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly under"- stands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit. Flowers, and Vegetables. Also Land and Stock, if required. Eighteen years' experience. First-class references. — T. PERIvINS, Great Hadham, Herts. ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, The Gardens, Milton Park. Peterborough, can very highly recommend James Upex, who has been with him seven years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good and reliable man. GA RDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman.— A. McLEOD, Gardener to the Marchioness of Headfort Headfort Gardeus, Kells. co. Mealh, Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. ARDENER (Head).— Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman. Lady, or Gentleman. Thoroughly competent in Orchids, Vines. Ferns, Stove Plants of all kinds. Early and Late Foicing, good Kitchen Gardener. Wife would take Dairy and Poultry. Good reference. Abstainer.— E. D., 17. Leslie Road, PixholmeLane, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Head) ; age 27, married when suited. — The Head Gardeseh, Brookmau's Park. Hatfield, will be pleased to recommend .the Foreman, who is leaving, to any Lady or Gentleman who is seeking a thorough competent man. Thirteen years' experience in all branches of Gardening. — Address for full particulars as above. ARDENER (Head Working). — Single ; experienced in all branches. Good references. — P. F., Ivy Cottage, Ham Common, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39, married, two children ; twenty-five years' experience in all branches. Excellent testimonials. — X., F. Street, Heatherside Nurseries, Farnborough Station. Hants. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32, single; fourteen years' good character. Experience! Inside and Out.— WM. JUNES, Bodorgan Garden. I.ianct'fni N. Wales. B ' ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family; experienced in Orchids. Fruit. Flower, Kitchen and Flower Gardens. Excellent references. Abstainer' — S. HEATON, Lindwell, Greetland, Yorks. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; thirteen years' experience in good places, eight years in present as Head. First class testimonials from present and previous employers.— J. WATSON, Henacre Hall Wrentham, Suffolk. ARDENER (Head Working). — Age 30, married ; total abstainer. Practical experience in Early Forcing of Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Can be highly recommended. — KING, 20, Gloucester Road. Manor Park, Essex. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or more are kept. — Age 37, married, three in family (youngest, age 5); good practical experience in all branches. Seven years' good character, and good testimonials C. BAVERSTOCK. Basing-toke. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 37, unmarried ; thoroughly experienced in all branches of Gardening. Good references as to character and abilities.— J. B., Grove Cottage, Italdcrton Newark. Notts. G GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept. — Age 44, married, no family; to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man. Four and a half years' good character. — BROWN, 16, Ellora Road Streatham Common, S.W. ARDENER (Head Working). — Under- stands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Stove and Greenhouse Plauts, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Sixteen years' experience. Unexceptional character.— GAR- dliNER, Asylum Cottages, Beddingtou, Surrey. C± ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; ^ J married, two children. Thoroughly experienced in the General Management of a large Garden, where Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables are grown in quantity. Nearly six years as Head in present place. — GARDENER, Purbeck House, Swanage. GARDENER (Head Working); age 30, married.— Advertiser is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good all-round Gardener. Thoroughly understands the Cultivation of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Over six years' good personal character. — J. EASTWOOD, 10. Grafton Road. New Maiden, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept. — Age 34, married, two in family (youngest age eight) ; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Tomatos, and the general routine of Greenhouse Plants, and well experienced in Kitchen Gardeuippg. Five and a half years' good character; nine previous — A. B., The Vineries. Frumfield. /> ARDENER (Head Working), where two \J are kept, or good Single-handed.— Age 30. married, oae child, age 5 ; well recommended. Two years iu present situation, four previous.— ROFFEV, 23, Thrale Road, Streat- ham, S.W. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Age 45, married ; Scotch, experienced in North and South of England. Good references.— W S CAMPBELL, 17. Prince Street. Bridlington Quay. ARDENER (Head), TRAVELLER, CLERK, or any position of trust.— Age 34, married ; steady, energetic, and well educated. Unexceptional testi- monals— W. THORNHILL, Bignell Gardens, Bicester, Oxon. (i ARDENER (Head or Single-handed).— Age .'J-j. married, no family ; twenty-four years' experi- ence.—GAKDENER, Old Hall, Baldingstoue, Walniersbury, near Bury, Lancashire. ARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultuh.l Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER.— Age 31, married, no family ; large experience in all branches. Five years in present situation.— W. W., Edward Sang & Sons, Nurserymen. Kirkcaldy. GARDENER. Vge 3tJ, married, no children ; a German. Twenty-two years' practical experience in all branches of high class Gardening ; for the last ten years as Head Gardener and Foreman in good establishment. Is now ready to engage with any respectable Establishment, Insti- tution, or Trustees of Parks and Gardens. His specialty is Hardy F'ruit and Ornamental Trees. — W. B., 4, CUssold Park Villas, Paradise Row, Stoke Newington, N. ARDENER (Single-handed), or Kitchen -* Garden. — Good references. — Addn (i GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 27, married when suited ; well versed in Fruit and 1'laut Culture.— W. H., 2, Wyfold Cuurl, Reading. ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 28; understands Vines, Cucumbers. Flowers, and Vegetables. Cow not objected to. Married. Left through death. Good cha- racter. -GILES, 157, Norwood Road, Heme Hill, London, S.E. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where two are kept.— Age 30; fourteen years' experi- ence in good places. Good character from present and previous employers.— O. WEBB, 7, Add-on Lodge, Add-on Road, Keu- srngtou, London, W. GARDENER (good Single-handed).— Age 37, do family ; wife good Laundress. Nearly lour yeara in present situation, six in previous. Understanos Early and Late Forcing, and Flower and Kitchen Garden.— GARDENER, 3, South View, Milton Road, Weston-Super-Mare, Somerset. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Second).— Age 27, single. Fourteen years' practical experience in Stove and Greenhouse Hants, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower, Fruit, and Vegetable Garden. Four and a half years' character.— C. W\, 32, St. Edmund's Church Street, Salisbury. ARDENER (Second); age 21.— A Gar- iikner wishes to recommend young Man as above. Four years' good character. — W. J.. 5. Mount Street, Ryde. ARDENER (Second), or good JOURNEY- MAN.— Age 22; good experience in general routine of Gardening. Excellent character.— A. T. POFFLEY, Worcester Park. Surrey. GARDENER (Second, or good Third), where five or more are kept.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience, both Inside and Out,— G. STAGEY, The Gardens, Chawton House, Alton, Hants. GARDENER (Second or Third), in a Gen- tleman's Gardeu. — Age 22 ; six years in present situation. Good reference. — J. S.CLARK, Mariteau Gardens, Winchelsea, near Rye. Sussex. GARDENER (Second or Under).— Age 21 ; experience Inside and Out. Four years' good character. — F. ADAMS, Great Bricklull, Bletchley, 'Bucks. Febhcahy 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. 151 GARDENER (Under"), Inside. — Age 21; twelve months in present situation, two and a half years -T. P., 61. Houblou Road. Richmond. Sur GARDENER (Under). — Age 24, single ; strong, and willing. Good character.— T. BRINKLOW, 2M7, High Street, Watford. Herts. ARDENER (Under). —Age 20; good character.— F. SMITH, The Gardens, Woolton House, Woodhay. Newbury, Berks. ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out pre- ferred. — Age 28 ; four years and a half in last place. — F. BALL. 12. Park Road, Esher. GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Good character. — J. LEONARD, The Gardens, Wentworth Castle, Barn! ley, GARDENER (L'nder), where three or more are kept. — Age 20 ; strong, able, and willing. Three years' excellent personal character. State wages given. — G. BRETT, 29, Spa Hill, Upper Norwood, Surrey. ARDENER (Under). — Age 24, single; abstainer. Over two and a half years in present place. References allowed to Head Gardener. Experienced in general Outside Gardening. Willing to be useful in the Houses. — W. JONES, London Fern Nursery, 141, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. OREMAN, GROWER, or MANAGER of a Market Nursery. — Age 32, married; London, Pro- vincial, and Colonial experience. Soft-wooded Stuff, Ferns, Tomatos, &c. Good at Winter-flowering Plants and Bulbs. Beat references.— J. CLARKE. Post Office, Nottingham. FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 27 ; over thirteen years' experience. Excellent testimonials from last and previous employer.— C. LINK, The Gardens, Everingh'i'ii Park, York. T?OREMAN; age 26.— Mr. Boniface, Head X? Gardener. The Coopers, Chislehurst, Kent . > .11 with con- fidence recommend F. Blackith. Has been in present situa- tion two years, during that time has given great satisfaction. FOREMAN, in good establishment.— Age 24 ; nine years' experience. Two years as above in preaenl situation. Good testimonials.— GARDENER, Randall's Park, L-atherhead, Surrey. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in good Private Establishment. — Age 24 ; over nine yean' experience in two places. Can beliighlv recommended from last and previous employer.— J. ALLEKSTON, Sand Cottage. BridlingI Yorkshire. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment. — Age 26 : practical experi'-me in Fruit and Plant Growis Cut Flower Work, Seven years in present situation, two years as Foreman. First-class references. -J. SMITH. Holly Lodge Gardens, Higligale, N. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Working), or to take charge of a small Nursery ; age 25.— Ghay ami Sons, of Chertsey, can recommend a young abilities it 11. 1 . liar.K'trr. * above. Good refere FOREMAN ( Wobking). -Age 26, married; would take charge of Branch Nursery. Thirteen years' experience. Outdoor Nursery Work, Fruit Trees a specialty. — G. OLDHAM, Howgate, Chllwell, Notts. UOKEMAX (General), or good Plant, in a -I? gooil place. — Aye 28, single; much practical I Inside and Out. Good references. Abstainer.— H. C, Mr. Grover, Boxmoor, Herts, To Nurserymen. FOREMAN or PROPAGATOR, • intdoor.— An energetic young man is open to engagement as a!*" e ; twelve years' experience at Roses, Fruit Trc.-s, Shrubs, and Comferie. Firstcia-s testimonials from two firms.— PROPA- tiATuK ';■:< . c - Office, ti. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Nurserymen or Gentlemen Growing for Profit- [70REMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER. -T —Well up in Palms, t' mi. Ficus, Aspidistra-, the Pol and Cut Market Stuff in general, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes, Peaches, and Straw berries.— B., 41, Stamford Terrace, Stoke Newington, N. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.— Age 27; six years in present situation, WTell up in Forcing l'lants, &c. Total abstainer.— G. BEECH, Dunstall Hall, Burton-on-Trent. To Nurserymen. I70REMAN, or SALESMAN, where a good _T Wholesale and Retail Trade is done.— Age 27 ; eleven years' experience. Kxcelleui references as to character and capability.— FORF.M vs. The Barlswood Nureerii ., Surrey. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, SALESMAN, or SHOPMAN.— Age .'H, married ; seventeen years' practical experience in London and Provincial Nurseries, in the Sale and Growing all kinds of Plants, Cut Flowers, Grapes. Cucumbers. Tomatos, &c, for Market. Well up in Wreaths. Bouquets, &c. Three years last situation. Good character.— T. BOTTLE, Edgar Road, Clove Vale, Hastings. FOREMAN or Second, in Good Establish- ment.—Age 26; nine years experience. Good character from present and previous employers.— D. HAZELWOOD, Lockeley Hall Gardens, Romsey, Hints. To the Trade. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, first-class.— Seeks re-engagement. Well up in Growing Orchids, Dracaenas, Alalias. Crotons, Palms, Ferns. Ficus. &c, in quantity. Twelve years' practical experience in Germany, Belgium, England, and Scotland. Good at Wreaths. Bouquets, &c. Good testimonials.— TERMINALLY, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand W C. To French Nurserymen. TjX)REMAN PROPAGATOR seeks a place in -L France.— Thoroughly acquainted with the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Twelve years' experience in different parts of the world. First-class certificates.— DI PL A- DENIA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Well up in Cut Flowers and Plants for Market.— W. R.. Gardeners' Clronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER, Indoors.— Fifteen years' practical experience in Large Nurseries. Good refereoce.— BROOM. S.i, Mill Street, Bedmioster, Bristol. ROPAGATOR (Assistant), in Nursery.— Has been used to the general run of Market Plants. — H. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ORCHID GROWER.— Thoroughly well up to his work, energetic, painstaking, First-class recom- mendation as to qualification and abilities.— H. BURBERRY, 23, Grovedale Road, Upper Holloway. N. To Florists. GROWER, Soft-wooded, for Market.— Well up in Ferns, Bouvtirdiiin, Marguerite*. Tuberoses, and general Murket Stuff.— Twenty-live \ .-ars" , xprriem-e.— M. M., Aiargarel Cottug.-. Korti- Green, Ka>t Finchley, N. JOUKNKVMAN (First I, in the Houses.— Age L'.'l; S.-V-H yean' experience, partly in the Midlands. Good recommendation from present situation.— H. SNELL, The (.Tarden-t, Treli^ick. Truro. JOURNEYMAN (Kiust), in a good place.— Mr. WARD, Longford Castle, Salisbury, can strongly reOOnimeDd ■ 'inart JTQUDg man, who has had eight years' good experience in i it Longford, and one year labia prevent1 place aa above; abstainer. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses— Age 21; three I s ball years in present situation. Good cha- raeter.— G. RKI'NDISH, I'.nerh.iui Hall, Norwich. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under a Foreman.— Igt 20; experience Inside and Out. — W. SEARS, The Gardens What ton Manor, Nottingham. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age l>0 ; anxious to improve. Hood character. Abstainer. — G. mum an,:,, Cannon ir rerrace, K it hermeKoud. Twickenham. FOREMAN, or First, in Houses. Private Establishment.— Age 21 ; nine years' practical expe- rience. Four rears [n present situation; good character. — T. ROBERTS. Staiimore Gardens, Bridgnorth, Salo|i. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— F. OKI-IS can Willi culideliee recommeud H. ll,,H»e|l as above.— Cowdray Park Gardens, Midhurst, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses; age 21.— W. Pktkrs can with confidence recommend a steady, persevering young lu.iti. as ...... 1'tie G. ml. -ns, Oivous lirove, LeathsTbaad. JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment. Age SO; four end a halt years in previous ritual and two in present, wwi recommended, vvm. SUTXON, The (i irilni-, Teaiplf Mou->\ ,ir<* if Murluw, Huekn. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 10.- Utr. Nourish wishes .<■ recommend F. WlUey, aeabovi Two years in present place, liutiiy preferred.— The Qu trries Gardens, Exeter. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; good experience. Has \ n in the Gardens of Sir C Pigott, Bart., for iiu*rly two years.— 0. FORD, Hexham Park, Slough. JOURNEYMAN, under lishment.— Age 19 ; nix years' good reference I'n.itn pr. •-..•!! I -ii ii it i. in. lii.tliv prt'l'.-rri'ii.- A. U.,Thr. Ifardein, Manor House, Engoldisthorp*. Norfolk. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good experience ; can be highly recommended. Six and a half years in present sitimiiun.- [■ , CI'KI'IS, The i;iir«i.-i^, Oldown, near Tor kin ^ ton, Almou<1»burv, Gloucestershire. J( ) t . i; N K V M A N , in thelious-s.— Mr.TurxKTT, Bead Gardener to Sir Edward Blacket, Bart., The Gardens, Matfen Hall, Newcastle-on- I'yne, will be pleased to recom- mend Joseph Grisdale aa above, thoroughly steady, and a good workman. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Establishment.— Age 21 ; abstainer. Excellent character from previous and present employers as to abilities. — Please state wages, with bothy, to S. PKESTON, Bodorgan Gardens, Llangefni, Anglesey. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a Good Establishment. — Age 22 ; abstainer. Excellent character as to abilities in previous and present situations. — Please state wages, uiih bothy, to T. KEMP, Bodorgan Gardens, Llan- gefni, Anglesey. JOURNEYMAN, Age 20.— H. Johnson seeks situation as above. Apply to Mr. DAVIS, Hampton Lodge Gardens, near Fnrnhani, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN; age 22.--Mr. M. Reed will be pleased to recommend William Dyer to any Gentle- man or Gardener in want of a steady and industrious young man for the Houses, under a Foreman. — Shall be pleased to answer any questions.— M. REED, The Gables, Surbiton Hill, Surrey. IMPROVER, Inside, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20 ; two and a half years' good character. Premium given.— J. C. Shawfield Lodge, Widmore. Bromley, Kent. IMPROVER, Inside and Out, in a good Gen- tleman's Garden. — Age 22 ; four and a half years' good character. Premium offered.— J. T., Bromley Common, Kent. TMPROVER, under good Gardener.— Age 20 ; JL five years' reference. Bothy preferred.— .7. ATKINSON, The Hall, Broad Green, near Liverpool. IMPROVER, Inside. — Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Inside and Out. Good chaiacter. Premium given.— H. T., 22, Lyliam Road, Brixton. S.W. To Gardeners. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 17; four years' experience. Good character. — W. WRIGHT, Chartley Castle, Chartley. near Stafford. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three and a half years' good character. Two years in the Houses. — A. COLLINSON, Holbrook, near Ipswich, Suffolk. APPRENTICE. — A Gardener wishes to Apprentice his Son to a good all-round Gardener. Has had some experience. Liberal Premium.— E. SHELTON, \Vin*combe Hill, Weston-super-Mure. TO MARKET GROWERS. — Young man (age 19) requires situation where Fruit, Flowers, or Ferns are Grown. Good references. Total abstainer. — H. RUSSELL. 13. Atw.ll Road, Rye Lane, Peckham, S.E. GARDENERS, &c.— Wanted, a situation by a voung man (age 1!1>, in a Grentleman's Garden, under Glass. Good character. Wdl pay £r. premium.— W. NASH, Sea View, I.W. TO NURSERYMEN. — Wanted, situation ; well up in Potting, Tying. Watering. &c. Age 23, Twelve months in las! situation. Good character.— A. COOK, 5. Edgar Road, Clive Vale, Hastings. rpO THE TRADE.— Situation wanted, by a X practical young man with fifteen years' experience in all branches. Fair knowledge of Book-keeping. &c. Used to Travelling mid Hi" Management of Men. Also able to give Estimates for Laying-out Gardens, &c. Used to the Loudon Trade Buying in Covent Garden. &c. Highest references. Age 29. Wages as may be agreed —BERT.. Gardeners' Client V Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. SHOPMAN, or MANAGER.— Re-engagement wanted bj an experienced Florist. Tin. roughly expert in Floral Designs. Houquets. &e. Understands Book-keeping, also well up in the N ry Trade. Good Salesman. Total abstainer.— FORTESC'UE, 28, Clarence Road, Harborne, Bir- miogham, OHOPMAN or SALESMAN, in the Retail O Seed. Bulb, and Nursery Trade. — Age 38 i good know- tedge of all its bmnoheS. Twelve v.-:irs" experience ; six years ,„ present situation.— YORK9HIEEMAN, Gardener? Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. To Seedsmen and Florists. SHOPMAN (Head).— Thorough knowledge of Seed-, Bulbs, Plants. Sic. Good reference.— C. T . (7a-- deners' CHroniHe Office, II. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN, or otherwise. — Age 34 ; sixteen years' experience in a large -eed .--t.'iMMinient. Thoroughly understands both Flower and Vegetable Seeds.— E. W. B., Starkey's Library, Rending. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24 ; eight years' experience. Good knowledge of Seeds. Plant, ami Nurserv Stuck, ii I reference A ., Gardener s' Chronicle nilice. 11. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. Hackney Union. EMPLOYMENT for LADS WANTED. Till: GUARDIANS of the HACKNEY UNION desire to obtain INDOOR SITUATIONS for a number of LADS who have been trained in Baking, Tailoring, Shoemaking, and Farm, Garden, Dairy, and General Hou eholil Works, and have passed the required standard of education.— Apply at once to the SUPERINTENDENT, Hackney Union Schools, Brentwood. Essex. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Rheumntism and Neuralgia. — Though the former disease remorselessly attacks persons of all ages, and the latter ruthlessly selects its victims from the weak and delicate, the persevering use of these remedies will infallibly cure both complaints. After the affected parts have been diligently fomented with hot brine, and the skin thoroughly dried, Holloway's Ointment must be rubbed in firmly and evenly for a few minutes twice a day, and his Pills taken according to the printed directions wrapped round each box of his medi- cine. Both Ointment and Pills are accompanied by instmc tions designed for the public at large, and no invalid, who attentively reads them, can now be at any loss how to doctor himself successfully. 152 THE GAB DEN BBS' CHBONTCLE. [Febhcary 1, 1890. B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH. NO. 75.-FRAMES 1 -Light, 4 by 6 . . ..£200 8 by 6 . . ..300 3 '„ 12 by 6 . . ..450 4 „ 16 by 6 .. .. 5 10 0 5 „ 20 by 6 . . . . 6 15 0 Best wood. Sashes glazed with 21-oz. English glass, and painted three coat*. Carriage paid to any Station in England. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, in- cluding CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS. IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. BOILERS of all makes and sizes supplied at the cheapest rates. VALVES, PIPES, and all FITTINGS in stork. NO. 74- FRAMES. 1-Light, 4 by 6 . . . . £2 15 0 2 „ 8 by 6 . ..4 7 6 3 „ 12 by 6 . . ..6 0 0 4 „ 16 by 6 . . .. 7 12 0 5 „ 20 by 6 . . ..9 5 0 Best wood. Sashes glazed with 21-oz, English glass, and painted three coats. Carriage paid to any Station in England. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and APPLI- ANCES fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the Kingdom. Write for CATALOGUES. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; OAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATING CEAR and VALVES. In the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced UPPER the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby : without the necessity of disturbing the brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, ^ Telegraphic Addre8s-"Hot-water, London." Telephone, No. 4763. may be effected in the course of a few minutes, LONDON S.E, SAVE YOUR FRUIT CROP THE CHEAPEST MADE ' THOROUGHLY STRONG. ! feet wide, Is. 10rf. per foot 3 feet wide, 2s. ed. per foot ru Carriaoe paid for Orders PRICE LISTS of Wall-tree Protectors, Glasshouses, Heating Apparatus, &c, free. W. RICHARDSON & CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineer, DARLINGTON. AWKINS' "PERFECTION" or DRY SYSTEM of GLAZING is the best. No skilled labour required, no exit of hot air. no drip, and much cheaper than any other. Sample frame (double) 8 feet by 6 feet, with two glazed lights, 21-oz. glass, for 45s. CHEAPEST HOUSE in the world for all kinds of Glass Erections. Note the following :— IOUXL'0, £va • 60 X If. £62- 40 x 12, £40. Estimates free. T. HAWKINS, Ashford, Middlesex. BE D S T E A D S. — For the use of Domestic Servants, Children, and Institutions, we soil during 1HX«, of our D design BEDSTEADS and WOODS' PATENT WOVEN STEEL WIRE MATTRESSES combined, 3200. Carriage paid to any Railway Station. Liberal Dis- count. Send for a " Book of French and Persian Designs " to THE LONGFORD WIRE CO. (Limited). Warrington. GOLD MEDAL the igmal CATALOGUE in the Trade, rtainly the best. Post-free to every applica: Every Gardener should see this List, because a number of exceedingly good things can only be had from us. We very urgently indeed press gardeners to write for this List. The New Japanese Primulas, the most startlingiy remarkuble flowers ever raised in this group. Destined to be as generally known as Primula sinensis. Most highly praised by every horticultural paper, and by the Times and London Press. Three Medals in three weekB. These are of such very special character, and will be so much talked of this spring, that every lover of choice flowers should see our full account of them in Catalogue. Gold Medal for Tuherous Begonias.— The cheapest in the trade. Every lover of good Begonias should see our List. We have been delightfully successful, and our straiu is grand beyond all description. Seeds that Give Satisfaction.— Our great strength as a seed firm, and the cause of the extraordinary growth of our business, is the splendid quality of our strains of flowers, and the front rank reputation we have for Exhibi- tion Vegetables. £50 in Prizes and Two Medals are offered by us to customers only, on so ingenious a plan that all c npele fail All who and equal te rtien grow things Catalogue. The best proof of our confidence prices are of the best is that we send c Descriptive. Full Cultural-note CATALOGUE, Post-free to every applicant. RYDER & SON, SEED MERCHANTS, SALE, MANCHESTER. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES '"^r8' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for P0ULTBY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWOKTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. Editorial Communications should be addressed to •• The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by WILLIAM Kichards. at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnf.w. & Co.. Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, Citv of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the law William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Oovent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, February 1, 1890. Ageat^r Manchester— John Heywood. Established No. 163.— Vol. VII. {1™°} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 1890. Price 3d. Post-Free, 3Jrf. CONTENTS. Alpine garden Apiary Arum Lilies in the open Carnations Cats in gardens Cultural memoranda ... Cypripedium Northum- brian 175 Law note rby Cymbidiums, the Elizabethan England ... Epiphyllumn and their propagation Eucaljrptuaglobulus seed- ing Florist-*' flowers Flower garden Freesiaa Fruit and vegetable growers at Nice Fruit culture, hardy FruiU under gla.<« Gardening appointments Gardener*' orphan Fund ,, problem, a ... 161, Hardy fruit garden Kitchen garden LflBllaQonldiana Laird. H. B., & Son's nur- sery Harvey i Lockinge Narcissus fly, the Nut-flowers i Orchid-houses Pansies and Violas Passitlora cu-rulea Peach Dymoud Pea-*, everlasting Phalienopsis at Ebtead... Plants and the' I Polya gold- laced Propagation Railway rates Rock garden, the I Rose statistics Roses, attar of Royal Horticultural So- ciety , Sambucus raceraosus ... Sax fraga peltata Srlu/.Wvli* rotvinea ... S.-a*on, mildness of the... Turner Memorial Prizes . Vaodas ... Verridres, borl ; i i Wildamith, the late W. . Weather ILLU8TRATION8. Epiphyllura trunciitnm . Hylur^rus pfniperda Ln-lia Gouldnina ... Lockinge, views of 161, 1(3 Now ready, in cloth, 11b. 6& ^THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, J Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEO., 1889. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. w 0 L V E R II A M P T U N HORTICULTURAL SHOW and floral Fi';ri:. .7ULV 15, 16, and 17, 1890. Open Classes for PLANTS, CUT FLOWERS, and ROSES. Schedules on application to — W. A. GREEN, jun., Hon. Sec. Corporation Street. Wolverhampton. TAUNTON DEANE TWENTY-TIIIKI) JL ANNUAL FLOWER SHOW will be hel.l at Taunton on on THURSDAY, August 14, 1S90. TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY FOUNDS in FRIZES. Schedules of the HON. skis. Early application is invited for Advertisement Spaces in the Prize Schedules, of which 1M Copies arc printed. Charge, 10s. per page. WJ 1, MAMS' NEW ORNAMENTAL- I.EAVKD I1EET.— (McGregor's Favourite.) Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural s ty. The leaves are of a rich bronzy-crimsou colour, narrow, arching, about 6 to M inches long, anil fob! inwards. Per packet. Is. B. S. WILLIAMS asd SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. Select Strain of EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS, carefully saved from pot plant-. Purple. White, Scarlet, Crimson, and White Wnllllower-leaved, |s„ 2s. liii., and 5*. per packet. IRELAND AND THOMSON, Seed Merchants, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh. T AWN MOWEKS.— The Patent " EXCEL- 1 J SIOR " has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent "NEW MODEL" is guarnn' 1 to )«■ ih isiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price l,i-ts post-free from the manufacturers.- CHADBORN ami COLDWELL, Manu f., during Co., 233, Cprer Thames street. London, EC. The argest makers of Lawn Mowers in the world. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. ROval Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants. 237 and 23$, Hioh Hu'lbobn, London, W.C. TJSTRALIAN S^ElTs". LUCERNE. GRASS SEEDS. PEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYPTI. CYCADS. CASUARINA. &c. Seeds and Plant-. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Drafts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils. &c, requested. STEPHENSON" ami .TOHNSi IN. Seed Growers and Merchants. 9, King Street. W.. Sy.lney. NSW. AZALEAS for Sale, twelve really good, splen- did plants for Conservatory, well-grown and healthy. Will bloom freely in spring. To be Sold for want of room. Apply Mr. .1. WHITEHEAD, Guildhall Street. Thetford. Norfolk. The New Raspberry. T ORD 15EACONSFIELD. XJ (A Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. First class Certificate, Royal Horticultural Society. Canes 30.!. per 100 ; 4<. per do/en. Trade supplied; Cash with order. Captain Strawberry Plant-. I<. per pio. Buy direct from the Grower. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen, Hungerford. SEED POTATOS, Reduced.— A few tons of M . ,ii '-and Bivers'Kidney Pot ttos, i-'i per ton.good quality, GARLIKS MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. POTATOS and GARDEN SEEDS. All the beat kinds, In I .r_-„ or Small Quantltii . ^1" "i Immense stock of Qardeo S N at very Low Prices. Ail S l-mci, and Mark.! Grower- will ,lo well to consult our Pr.ce LIST, lobe had free of HARBISON ami SONS, Seed Grower-, Leicester SBARPE'S VICTOB POTATO (True). The earth Potato extant. Extra selected from , ricjlial BtOOk. PliOS 3f. pr -t of 1 I 1!.. Ca-li with oriler. J. E. DIXON. 21 ami 23, Lord Slrcet. Gaini-borough. W. B A R N H A M (late of Squelch & * Barnham) RECEIVES nN COMMISSIilN. GRAPES. TOMATOS, ,ice FRUITS; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covcnt Garden. W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NURSKKVMrN. Sidcup, and 38S, 28», 287. 288, Flower Market, Covcnt Garden. London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Pejiartuient. Boxes and Labels suppli Telegraph Addi •COMMISSION. SIDCUP." c (Ml xJRLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale J FloBISTS and Commission Ai.i vis, lledfordbury, Covent Garden, W.C. are OPEN TO RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Boxes forwarded. Highest Market Prices guaranteed. CHOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Co> eat Garden, W.C. CMJT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS J Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Garden of the North, by W.M. HI'LMAN, Produ-c Auctioneer. Newcastle-on-Tyue. Telegraphic Address— " BULMAN, Newcnstle-on-Tyne." VERGREENS.— Forty or fifty decent-sized plants WANTED AT ONCE. GARDEN, 54, New Oxford Street, W.C WANTED, Dwarf DOSES and Double Flowering PYUETHRUMS. and other FLORISTS' FLOWERS WM. VAUSE, Florist, 4 Somer's Place, Leamington. ANTED, a well-transplanted tall Weeping ELM, 12 feet stem or higher, t. W., 156, Cheap-ide, EC. w SUTTON'S PRIZE GLOXINIA. —A superb strain, producing flowers with unusual free- dom; brilliant, varied, and rich in colour. " Mr. Sutton had the honour o presenting the Queen with a splendid bouquet of Gloxinias, grown at the seed grounds of the firm at Reading." — The Morning Post, June 29, 1889. Price of Seed, 5s. and 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. For full particulars of Sutton 'a Specialties in Vegetables, Potatos, and Flowers, see Sutton's " Amateur's Guide," the most complete gardening annual i-sued. Price 1j„ post-free; gratis to customers ordering goods value 20s. and upwards. Sutton's Sikh- Gi mine Only Direct from SUTTON AND SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890.— We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by letting us know, when another shall at once be posted. WA1KINS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand. London, W.C. HORNS, QUICKS, Great Reduction.— 12 to 18 inches, 7s. 6d. per 1000; l1 to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet, 12s. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000; .'! to I feet. IS-', per loon ; Special by 50,000 and 100,000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. II (Tir~C~^E G E R MAN FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS. c ITAI.OGl'ES free on application. FRED. ROEMER, Seed Grower, Quedliuburg. Germany. Strong Flowering Hardy HERBACEOUS PLANTS in fifty distinct -oris, free for 12». 6ED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red -l\ Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well-rooted plants. APPLES. Pyramid, good sorts, 5 to 7 feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, line trees, 0 to 9 feet. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Vicomte.se Herioartilo Thury, Stirling Cast le. TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO.. Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. c 100 K ING'S Unrivalled VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, in collections of 2s. M., 6»„ 12». lM„ j., &c. Liberal quantities combined with the best quality ly. Garden Manual post free 7 stamps, free to customers. JOHN K. KING, Royal Seo.j Grower. Coggeshall, Essex. rpHE NEW BULLET" BRUSSELS SPROUT is recommended for trial by all Gardeners re- quiring a moderate sired hard and perfect Sprout. Totally distinct in habit, beating all other sorts in the number of Sprouts to a stem, with such small rotund leaves thai Plants need not be planted more than 15 inches apart. A genuine novelty. Good packets, Is. each. J. SIMPSON, Gardens. Wortley. Shellield. OCKIE'S PERFECTION OUCUiMBEl!.— The finest Cucumber in cultivation for exhibition or general use. Fourteen first-class certificates and prizes. Wholesale Agents. Messrs. HURST AND SON, 162, Houuds- ditch, London. OAAA SEAKALE ROOTS for Forcing, a awV'V'V-/ capital lot specially grown for extra fine produce, 10s. per 100 (cash wilh order). G. H. COPP, Gardens. Holnest Park, Sherborne. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEand PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be hail of all Nursery ami Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 111. Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON ASD SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 154 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febucary 8, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday and Saturday Next. 1000 choice nameJ Standard. Half-standard, Dwarf, and Climbing KOSKS. inclodinK many of the finest varieties; 1000 Hybrid and other RHODODENDRONS, full of flower- buds ; 'CARNATIONS, and other BORDER PLANTS, LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, DAHLIAS. Pyramid, Standard, and Dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, LILIUM AURATUM from Japan, &c. TR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above M1 Covent Garden, W.C., - NEXT, February 12 and 15, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely each day. On view mornings of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. 0. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden on THURSDAY NEXT, February 13. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a fine collection of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, comprising three fine plants of Dendrobium nobile Sanderianum, and many other fine varieties and specimens, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday next. 2fJ 000 extra fine PEARL TUBEROSES, just received direct from America; 10,000 Berlin LILY of the VALLEY crowns; also 30 000 grand BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM, L. AURATUM UU'R\NTHUM, L. LONGIFLORUM, L. KRAMERI. L. SPECIOSUM ALBUM and RUBRUM, L. CORIDION, and many other LILIES from Japan, in splendid condition, &c. MR, J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCT'ON at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, February 13. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Monday Next. 2000 LILIUM AURATUM, including several lots of immense bulbs— Liliuni Krameri, L. longifiorum, and L. speciosum rubrurn, from Japan ; also a lsrge assortment of various English grown LILIES, HARDY BULBS, TUUEKOSES, 2000LILYOFTHE VALLEY, ROSES, PLANTS in Pots,&c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS •will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, (57 and 63, Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, February 10, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. 400 Standard, Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES. CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES, RHODODENDRONS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and :19, Gracechurch Street, E.G. on TUESDAY NEXT, Kelruaryll, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 08, Chenpside, E.C. Wandswcrth Common. Expiration of Lea=e. Close to the Earlsfield Station, and about 1 mile from Olapham Junction. UNRESERVED CLEARANCE SALE of the STOCK now on this branch NURSERY, the Land being required by the Cemetery Company. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. R. Neal to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Cemetery Nursery, Wandsworth Common, on TUESDAY, February 11, at 12 o'clock, the whole of the well grown NURSERY STOCK, in capital condition for removal. 1500 Green Hollies, 1 J to 3 feet ; 2000 Laurels, 2 to 6 feet; 5000 Privet. 3 to 5 feet; 5000 Aucubas, IJ to 2 feet; 2000 Planes, 6 to 10 feet; 4000 Standard Thorns and Labur- nums, 10,000 Poplars, of sorts, 10 to 20 feet ; 2500 Fruit Trees, looo Standard Victoria Plums, 500 Dwarf-trained Peaches, Plums, and Apples; large quantities of Flowering Shrubs, 300 extra stout Scarlet Chestnut and Lombardy Poplars, 500 Cedrus deodara, 5 to 8 feet ; Climbing Plants, &c. Miy be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues had o! Mi. U- NEAL. Tlie Nursery, Wandsworth Common, S.W. ; and of the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Wednesday Next. 5000 LILIUM AURATUM. every Bulb in the previous importations having been sold. These are just to hand in splendid condition, and include some of the finest Bulbs received this season; some of the roots are exceptionally large. 7300 special LILIES from Japan, consisting of 200 Lilium auratum rubro vittatum, 200 L. auratum virginale, 2000 L. Krameri. 210 L. cordifolium, 200 L. Browni, 1200 L. album Krcct/eri, 1000 L. speciosum album, 1400 L. speciosum rubrurn, 600 L. macranthiim, 270 L. concolor; 600 named Ror.ler CARNATIONS of the best sorts. MOO AZALEA MOLLIS. 300 CAMELLIAS and AZALEAS. DRAC.ENA TERMINALIS, 100 RHODODEN- DRONS, and other Plants from Belgium; also a great variety of English-grown LILIES and Hardy BULBS, LILIUM SZOVII'ZIANUM, an assortmeut of well-grown PALMS, Greenhouse and Stove FERNS. DECORATIVE PLANTS. American PEARL TUBEROSES, Hybrid GLADIOLUS. TIGRIDIAS, ANEMONES, BEGONIAS, 300 Standard and Dwarf ROSES, choice named varieties, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Room*. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C, on WEDNESDAY', NEXT, February 12, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Maresfield, near Uckfield, Sussex. Three miles from Uckfield Railway Station. IMPORTANT Two days' SALE of remarkably well-grown NURSERY STOCK, particularly worthy the attention of Noblemen, Gentlemen, Builders, and others engaged in planting. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Wood- lands Nursery, Maresfield, near Uckfield. on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, February 12 and 13, at 12 o'clock each day, by order of Messrs. William Wood & Son, a large quantity of unusually well-grown NURSERY STOCK, carefully pre- pared for removal, consisting of 5000 Border Shrubs, including many handsome specimen Conifers and Evergreens, in various 9izes; 100,000 extia strong Quick ; 1000 large Laurels, 4 feet to 6 feet; 20,000 Scotch Firs, '2 feet to 3 feet ; a great number of Standard Ornamental Trees, admirably adapted for avenue, park, and street planting ; Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs; 2000 Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing Roses; 2000 Climbers, from pots; 5000 Standard, Pyramid, and Dwarf- trained Trees, consisting of Apples, Pears, Plums, &e. ; together with other Stock fully described in Catalogue. May be viewed any day prior to (he Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday next. Established ORCHIDS for Sale without reserve, by order of Messrs. J. W. Steel & Co., who are relinquishing their MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sal.- Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, February 14, at half-past 12 o'Clock without reserve, a large quantity of various Established ORCHIDS, by order of Messrs. J. Steel & Co., specially suitable to gentlemen desirous of forming or adding to their collections. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. L.ELIA AUTUMNALIS ALBA. Consignment from Mr. Pechacek for Unreserved Sale. Mr. Pechacek writes that he guarantees every bulb to be true, and adds that "no more plants will be sold or sent because they are not to be found." The whole consignment, comprising 16 plants, will be offered in 15 lots. Many of the plants ottered in his previous consignment, and Sold on March 1 and May 10 last year, have flowered, and all have turned out to be true. A First-class Certificate was awarded to Messrs. Veitch & Sons for a group of plants that flowered from the consignment of last year. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their ORCHID SALE on FRIDAY- NEXT, February 14, at half-pist 12 o'Clock, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CATTI.EYA SPECIES. Offered for the first time; received from our oldest collec- lector, who has been some months past searching in a hitherto unexplored district, in and beyond the region whence come the wonderful varieties of C Hardyana, C. Massiana, &c. The plants were not in flower when collected, but the gigantic flower spikes having as many as seven flower-seats, an 1 the fleshy boat-.-haped leaves, would indicate its distinct- ness and great beauty. The plants offered in splendid con- dition, and are well-leaved, considering the longdistance our man had to bring them from the forests of .the interior of Columbia. The fine condition they are now in, and the fact that we have never before seen a type of Cattleya gigas with such extraordinary bulbs and leaves, we think we are warranted in saying that this is a very desirable introduction. DENDROBIUM FREEMANNII. Splendid purple-flowering Dendrobe. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA ALBA in flower. CATTLEYA GASKELLIANA, from a hitherto unstarched district. One of our collectors, when searching for other Orchids, was surprised to find this species at such a long distance from where C. Gaskelliana has been found hitherto. As no other European has probably penetrated the forest to such an extent, many new varieties may be found in this consignment. A perfectly snow-white form has just opened from among this batch, and the plant will be offered for Sale on February 14 as a * lot. The plants that are now being sold were brought by negroes from the interior of the forest on their backsduring a journey of twenty- four da.-s. The plants are well leaved. The new CATTLEYA HENNISIANA, DENDROBIUM NOBILE from Northern India. LJELIA GRANDIS. AN IMPORTATION OF ONCIDIUMS. From the Railway Woods of Northern Brazil. These plants are all offered as received, on blocks, having been established by a native, hence they are in fine condition; many large masses are among them, and grand things will flower out of the batch, judging by the enormous flower spikes and fine bulbs. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above by order of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, in their sale by auction at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68 Cheapside, London, E.C, on Friday next, February 14, at half-past twelve o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. February 20. SALE of NURSERY STOCK from Sample. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS de- sire to announce that their NEXT SALE of NURSERY STOCK from Sample will take place as above. Orchids in Flower. Special Sale. Tuesday, Feb. 25. MESSRS. TROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NEXTSALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above, for whuh they will be glad to RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. WANTED TO PURCHASE or RENT, an eligible site for FLORIST and NURSERY BUSINESS. Small House, and about acre or le;s of Land, with or without Glass. On London and South- Western Railway preferred. Particulars to WALTER, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED TO RENT, a Small NURSERY, ' or a DWELLING-HOUSE with Ground suitable. W. B., 4. Clissold Park Villas, Paradise Row, Stoke Newingtou. N. Alton Nurseries, Eeadingley. FOR SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, the above well-established NURSERY BUSI- NESS, with valuable Freehold Land, convenient Residence, well-stjcked Greenhouses, and the growing Nuisery Stock. Purchaser could have possession at once.- Apply to Mr. CHAS. BEEVERS, Chartered Accountant, 92, Albion Street, Leeds. TO BE DISPOSED OF. either in one or two lots, about 2000 well-established ORCHIDS, good varie- ties. No reasonable offer refused ; inspection invited before purchasing.— G. JACOB. Exotic Nurseries, Witney, Oxon. Fruit Plantation and Market Gardens. rpO BE LET, about 11 acres of LAND, with -1- Residence; Forcing, Cyclamen, Geranium, and Rose Houses, Conservatory, Pits, and numerous Outbuildings. Apply personally only to MALCOLM SEARLE, Esq., 9, Martin's Lane, Caunon St., City. rPO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND X. on lease for seven, fourteen, or twenty-one years. Rent frum £i to £12 per acre, with the option of purchase of the freehold within the first seven years; near the main road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles from London. Apply to H. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. KENT.— TO BE LET, a well established NURSERY, about 4 Acr.s; capital Dwelling House, 4 Greenhouses, heated ; Seed and Florist Shop, with shed and Store-room, the whole standing in a good position in a rising neighbourhood. Nineteen miles Jrom Covent Garden. Rent, £60. Stock at valuation, which is young, clean, and healthy. D. W„ Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. To Market Gardeners. The PAGE ESTATE, East Greenwich. TO BE LET, a very convenient HOMESTEAD (House, Garden, Stables, Sheds, and other premises), and about 14 acres of well-cultivated Ground, on part of which ure growing crops. Apply to Messrs. FRANK HARDS ANIi BRADLY, Laud Agents and Auctioneers, 8, Church Street, Greenwich, and 158, Fenchurch Street, City, E.C. SEEDSMEN who conduct their Sales and Shows without offering alcoholic drinks to their customers, arc requested to send catalogues to W. W., Ripley Court, Ripley, Surrey. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have an immense stock, to which they are constantly adding, and all are offered at the lowest possible prices. LISTS with Prices and particulars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. To the Trade. -Stachys tuberifera. JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT & BEALE have grown a large quantity of this new Vegetable, and are prepared to give Special Price* for Tubers freshly taken from the ground, which is important, inasmuch as it has been proved that the imported Tubers rapidly decay. 237 and 238 High Holborn, London. Fine Standard and Dwarf Named RHODODENDRONS are ottered, with every other description of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, at a low price, by W. H. ROGERS, Red Lodge Nurery, Southampton. SEEDS— SEEDS— SEEDS.— Select Stocks of Vegetable and Flower Seeds at Wholesale Prices : — Brussels Sprouts, Is. 6' per dozen. 0UPRESS1 S LAWSONIANA, 6 to 7 feet, It pel dozen. ELM, English, is to 8 feet, U. per dozen ; 1<> to 1 1 I 12s., and 18s. per dczen. ,, Huntingdon. 12 to it feet, i's. perdozen. ,, Wych, 10 to 12 feet, Sis. perdo/.en. FIRS. Lun h. 4 to i'. ieet quartered, Iv. per .la/en. ,, Scotch, 5 to 8 feet, Us., Us,, and 12s. per ,, Spruce, 6 to 7 feet, 12s. per dozen. GLEDITSCHIAfl, Standards, 12s. to 15s. perdozen. HOLLIES. Qreen, named sorts, 8 to 10 feet. 84s. perdozen. „ Silver. 8 to Hi feet. 120», per ilozen. JUNIl'ERUS VmOLNIANA QLAUCA, 8 to 9 (eat, SO pel LABURNUMS, 9 to lOfeet, 12s. perdozen. LAURELS i.i aorta, I, S, 8, and 7 feet, 30*., 40f., 60f., and tiOs. per I"". ,, Partus il, ;; to i feet, busby, 21s, p. i LAI'IM'SI I. SI'S. .'.; feat, '.Is. perdozen. LIMES, in to 12 feet, l--. perdozen. MAPLE, Norway. 12, 15, and 18 feet, I2l . 1-. , u 111 , , r dozen. ASH, Mountain, 12 to 14 feet, 12*. |ier dozen. OAK. Engli-h. 7 to s feet, u< per dozen. PINUS EXCELS A, 10 tola i, 80s. per dozen. PLUNES, 16 to Is feet, OIK. p-r ,lo/e„. POPLARS of sorts, 12, 15, and 20 feet, 12.-., I8f., and :!0s. per dozen; 9 to 10 feet, Bs, per dozen. PEIVET OVALIFOLIUM, 7 feet, 6s. pet dozen Kin 'I i-'NUi'.i'N POITncUM,2to3feet, IBs. per dozen, ,, hybrids, 2 lo 3 feet, 2 i per 1 1 izen. ,. named sorts, 3 to I feet. (ills, perdozen, SYCAMORE, l2to 14 feet, 15 . per dozen, THORNS of -orts. very line Standards, 9 ■:., 12s., 15s., and 18s. ,. Pyramids, 9s. and 12s. perdozen. YEWS. Common fan. 4 to 8 feet, 36s to 72s, per dozen, ,, Common bush, 5 to 8 feet, 38s. per doz d; 8 to8feel 4 to 5 feet, 81s. per dozen. „ Golden (elegantissima), 2 to 2} feel , 1 Bs. per dozen. ,, Gold Irish, 3J to 4 feet, 80s. per dozen, TRITOMA 1IVARIA. Is. per dozen, 25s. per llln. ROSES, Standards, -Ms. per dozen ; Dwarfs, 8>. per dozen, and upwards. FRUIT TREES, a fine stock of all the bast nineties. Including GRAPE VINES, Fruiting and Planting Canes. 3EAKALE for planting, 3s. per 100. 2as. per 1000. FARM ROOT SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE & GO. WILL SENT" SPECIAL QUOTATIONS HOME-GROWN FARM SEEDS ON APPLICATION. Special Cheap Offer. HOLLIES, Common, 2 feet, ii per 100. Black Italian POPLARS. 12 to 16 feet, £1 per 100. I CMS, SYCAMOBE and ISH on i , plication to H. FLOWER. Nursery and Seedsman, Newark. Notts. CHRY.-A.YI BEMUMS, strong and well rooted, now ready, 2s, » per doz , M-*. per 100; Cuttings, Is. bVf. per doz Id i ny ol t In- best prizes are taken by my customers. 1'ric of new Sorts, &0., see Cat il : -, of — W. ETHKRINGTON. Chrysanth. mum Grower. S» u Kent. FOR SALE, WHITE CONSTANCE CACTUS DAHLIA, ■ per dozen, £1 per 100. PETER THE GREAT I HI M STOOLS, 8s. per 100. BUMS ILDTLT, 1 B01 VABDIA, per 100. i ,' IiiIINS.iN LND CO., 1 ■ . . M .nil I in, . E. DIXON'S " PRESIDENT CABNOT " • BBUSSEl 9 SPBOI I - J. E. D. willle lis extraordinary At at Is. per packet, tor season 1890. The following testimonial (one of many similar) has been receive Mr.GEORi I of Scarbrough : — "Dint S111.--I bave grown your President Camol - Sprouts i. • ti ei 1 other well known varieties, and have come to the conclusion tiiit it Is the hardiest and bast rown." London Whole. II , T ami SON. 152. Itounds- COOPER, iiHKIt AND CO. (Limited), 90, South wars street. Borough, S.E, JOHN ETHi'.iiiM. ins' hi -.is i e, i son of the lulu Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 2.1, Lord Btreet, ii uasborough. PTERIs i'i;i;iH'\ ikistata. -(tood stuff in large Thumbs of this besl markel Fem, 12s. per 100. Cash with order. Q0W1 RS LXD EMBEBSON, Comely Bank Nursery, Walt ham-tow. TOMATO "PRELUDE" At the great trial of Tomato laal eat .■■' Chiswick, where thi y w.-re grow D perhaps better than ever before, this rariet] showed its superiority from beginning to end; Et produced bj f.ir the greatest crop i.f i; fruit, ol delicious flavour, from the very gr tnd t| to8or8feel high, and with the least attention always Bets well. It was over and over seemi pre jres in t lie w orld t he freest and ino-i profitable Tomato of all l>y a long way; it also proved unmistakably the be I in our 100 feel trial house, and 'the same report reaches us from all parts of the world. A real gold mine to markel growers. Awarded First-class Certificate by the Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Is. 6d. per Packet. For niuitraHoni see our SEED CATALOGUE, of the greatest value to all possessing a Garden. PERFECT SEED3 ONLY DIRECT FROM H. CANNELL & SONS, Nurserymen and Seedsmen to nearly all the "Royal Families and " Ilea Is" in the World. SWANLEY, KENT. Tf OREST TREES.— Ash, 1 to 2 feet, 12*. 6d. per JL 1OO0; do., 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000; Beech. 1J foot. 14s. per 1000 ; 2 feet. 16s. ; 2J feet, 7s. 6.f. ; 2J to 3 feet. 20s. ; 3 to 4 feet, 23s. per 1000; Horse Chestnuts. 1J to 2 feet, ISs. per 1000; Spanish Chestnuts, 1} to 2 feet, 17s. per 1000 ; 3 to 3J feet, 22s. per 1003; Larch. 15 to 24 inches, 16s. per 1000; 2 feet, 20s. per lOOO; Spruce Fir. 1 to 1} feet, 12s. per 1000; 1£ to 2 feet, 13s.; 2±feet, 16-. per 1000; Hazels. ]J to 2 feet, 20s. per 1000; P. austriaca, 2-yr., 2-yr. transplanted, 14s. per 1000; Syca- more. 1 to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000; 7 to S feet. 10s. per UK) ; VVvch Elm, 4 to 5 feet, 4s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman " ENGLISH YEW'S, good-rooted, well furnished to ground for Hedges or Specimen Plants, 2f to 6 feet; THUJA LOBBII, 4 to 7 feet; CUPRESSUS LAW- SONIANA, 4 to 6 feet; Common HOLLIES for Hedges, 2 to 3J feet ; Gold Queen HOLLIES. 2 to 3 feet ; AMERICAN ARBOR VTH/B, 8 feet ; Standard BIRCH, &c. R. COLLYER, Cart House Lane Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. Special Offer. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, strong bushy plants. 3 to 4 feet, and same in diameter, well set with buds, 18s. per dozen ; 2 to 3 feet do., 12s. per dozen ; 2 to 2J feet do., 9s. per dozeu ; 2 feet do., 6s. per dozen ; 1* feet do., IS. per dozen; 1 to 1£ feet do., 2s. id. ABIES DOL'ULASII, « to 7 feet, 16s. per dozen ; 5 to 6 feet, 12s. 6rf. per dozen ; 4 to 5 feet, 9s. per dozen; 3 to 4 feet. 7s. per dozen. l'INUS AUSTRIACA, 1 to i; feet, 5s. per 100: 1J to 2 feet, 10s. per 100. less per 1000. The above are all strong, and regularly transplanted. EPPS aud CO.. Ringwood Nurseries, Hants. O S E S — R O S E S — R OSES. 50 Choice H.P. and TEA ROSES in good plants and best-named varieties for 21s.. 2o plants for lis. MARECHAL NIELS, in 24-pots, strong flowering plants, 2s. each, 21s. per dozen. TEA ROSES, a fine Collection, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. Terms Cash. EDWIN HILLIER, Rose Grower, &c. Winchester. TWrty-flftn Annual Issue. WT H O M 1' S O N , Seedsman, • 84, Tavern Street, Ipswich, Invite- the attention of Amateurs to his SUPPLEMENTARY CATALOGUE of FLOWER SEEDS for the present season. It includes many Choice and Rare Seeds, exclusively in his possession. Lovers of Alpine aud Hardy Perennials should not fail to apply for a copy. Free on post-paid application. pHEAP OFFER for CASH.— 1 Slack Italian \J POPLARS, fine stuff. 12 to 15 feet (girth of stem 3 feet from ground average 4| inches), on rail at Hassocks Station, Ills, per 100, cash with order. W. BALCHIN AND SONS, Hassocks, Sussex. (JIIARPE'S VICTOR POTATO (True).— The O earliest prolific Potato extant. Extra selected from original stock. Price, is, per Atom- of M lb. Cash with order. J. E. DDCON, L'l and 23, Lord street, Gainsborough. HAK'I LAND'S 50 page "YEAR BOOK" of SEEDS for 1890, Within itself unigue En the extreme. His " Uouk of Daffo- ,iii- " ti n no rival in the United Kingdom. Hta "Book of Seeds"! or 1890 is nut [ike any other publication throughout the British Isles, and i Int.- an- >,.r'liin ; i ■ rn-rtii vindiH, ti inches, bOs, per 1000; <'. Allumii, 9 inches, Is. (5per pkt. Matchless Red Celery ... Improved Telegraph Cucumber ,. Gloria Mundi Endive Victoria Co* Lettuce Mammoth Leek Nowton Court Melon Magnum Bonum Onion ... Superb Curled Parsley ... per Improved Early Pea ... perqu Golden Queen Tomato ... perp STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Strong prepared Runners, Carriage Free. Per doz. Per 100. s. d. s. d. LAXTON'S NOBLE, the grand new Early 16 10 0 nnv^^tn^ fL^n's New Varieties^ ° » « COMMANDER S ( 3 0 20 0 WATERLOO, splendid dark 1 6 7 6 Per 100-s. d. I Per 1O0-S. d. BRITISH QUEEN ... 3 6 AUGUSTE NICAISE 3 6 DR. HOGG 5 0 JAMES VEITCH ... 3 6 KING of the EARLIES 5 0 PRESIDENT 5 0 SIR CHAS. NAPIER 3 6 I SIR JOS. PAXTON ... 5 0 And many others. 100 plants in 10 Choice Varieties moo 10 35s. Orf. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE fo, 1890 gratis and post-free on application. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. SEEDS, VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of the very best quality, carriage free. CATALOGUES Post-free on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, LIVERPOOL. FERN TO THE TRADE. SPORES (SEEDS). More than 100 named varieties. English saved. Also col- lections of same in 12, 18, and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application to WATKINS AND SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street, Strand, London, VV.C. FOSTER and PEARSON, BEESTON, NOTTS. EXP. ANATION. Water passes through the return Pipe into the Box A, thence through Pipes BBBBBBUB to Box C, thence through Pipes DD to Box E, thence through Pipes FFFFFFF to Boxes HH, thence through Pipes 1111 to Boxes KK, and into Box L. 1L1 BESOMMGJtD THIS BuILEK for Heating A;, THEi' HAVE GIVEN GENERAL SATISFACTION Boilers at work for five Tho Boilers are now also made with 2-INCH WROUGHT WELDED STEEL TUBES, which diminish the risk of breakage. THEY HAVE STEEL WATER BARS. Fkbhuabt 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 159 ROYAL WARRANT" A very early an. I of hardy conrtituti rery fa ■•■ setter. Is. 6d and 2s. 6d. per packet. From Mr. w. Willkit. Gardener (o Captain Helm< Bishopstroui House. — " Your Royal Warrant Melon \va of medium size, beautifully netted, and a free settei with pale flesh of delicious flavour. I thin i it waiver fairly described in your Catalogue." WEBBS gPRINC QATALOCUE. Post-free, Is., Gratis to Customers. Abridged Edition. Grain to all Applicant WEBBaSONS.WORDSLEY.STOURBRIDGE LILIUM AURATUM. In finest possible condition, hard as bricks ! Order early. FINE BULBS, measuring 8 inches round, 25 for 6s. «d., 100 for 3U. „ ,, 9 toPJ inches round, 13 for :.*., Km lot ' ,, „ 10 to 10J inches round, 13 for 7s. !>'/., 100 for 60s. Better Bulbs Impossible, Special Trade Prices. AMERICAN "PEARL" TUBEROSES, just arrived, 13». 8d. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA "THE BBIDE." «?. Si. per 1U0. „ BRENCHLEYENSIS, scarlet, ."..«. (id. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CRUENTTJM, very dark tem.inini.-iis,. .7., ,,,,„-., bulbs, ] i i i, Iotj " „ ALBUM KRjETZERI, pore white, 12».doz. „ WA8HINGTONIANUM (Oalifornian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs. 22?. per dozen. „ EUMBOLDTII,giganticbulb8,22«.pordoz. „ PARDALINUM MICHAUXII, large clumps, 2s. (M. and .'!.?. 6rf. each. Finest obtainable quality, at very low prices. W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, WEST GREEN ROAD, TOTTENHAM. AddreBs for Telegrams:-" AURATUMS, London" Mention Gardener*' Chronicle. SEED POTATOS. To Grow in GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White improve sort. I :ir[.li i t.i I'niati. Willi a pur.- white sliin n :-p • Hi on i Id Hi- i . Grand Market or Exhibitii ,,'t for Descriptive OATAXOOUE. the most com] '- 1 in the Trade, containing description "1 most sorts wort growing. j watkins, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTOX, HERF.FORti. HARTLAND'S GOLDEN QUILLED SUNFLOWER, "SOLEIL D'OR" William Baylor Habtlaxd submits the following relative to the merits of this plant. He has no other means than with such tes- timony of adding force to what has already been written on the subject. There is no doubt the Irish variety is quite distinct from that known in England, and he is sincerely obliged to Messrs. Pearson, Backhouse, Payne, and Cullingford for what they have written him on the subject. *," Strong Plants (Orders now in strict rotation), |2s- per dozen ; |s. 3d. each. Dozen lots post-free. Single plants 3d. extra for postage. Trade Terms on application. " Your Soleil d'Or Sunflower is certainly per- fectly distinct from the ordinary form grown in this country, and is, we think, rather richer in colour. It will be a decided acquisition to our English gardens. "A. and C. PEARSON, " Chilwell Nurseries, Notts." "We like your Soleil d'< >r Sunflower very much. It is now in flower, much in advance of the ordinary form. "JAMES BACKHOUSE and Suns. " Nurseries, York." " Vour box of Soleil d'Or Sunflower blooms to hand. I ant much obliged for your sending them. Several of the blooms are much finer than the drawing or illustration you publish, and they form a really attractive and agreeable vaseful. "C. BARMAN VW Nil, " Thorn Road, Smith Lambeth, London, S.W." "Dear Mr. ETartland, -I am writing to tell you how very pleased I am with your quilled herbaceous Sunflower. I have grown nearly all the varieties of Sunflowers for many years, but of all the double flowers I consider this the very best. — Yours truly, " w. II. CULLINGFORD, " Earl's Court, Tunbridge Wells, London." *,* The plant has also been sent to Kew and Chiswick Gardens for trial, and PRONOUNCED QUITE DISTINCT. ' . ' Year Hook of Seeds for 1600, now ready. WNL BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden and Seed Warehouse, 24, PATRICK STREET, CORK. ,4s a Supplement TO THE Gardeners1 Chronicle FOB Next Week, February 15, WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph OF 0D0NT0GL0SSU 31 PES CA TORE 1, With One Hundred and Thirty Flowers. k M THE (iardencnrolltroniclc. SATURDAY, FEBRUARYS, 1800. HORTICULTURE at VERR1ERES. "VT UMBERS of persons in this country, con- -1- ' nected with horticulture and agriculture, rejoice in the acquaintance of M. H. L. de Yilmorin, a frequent visitor amongst us, and almost a native in his command of our language, Those who do not know M. Vilmorin will still be glad to hear something of the famous farms and trial grounds of the oldest firm of seedsmen m the world, and one of the most extensive. My special mission in paying n visit of two days to Verricres, a village 10 miles due south of Paris, where the trial grounds are situated, was to examine the collection of different varie- ties of Wheat which, on July 22, were " dead ripe." Perhaps I may mention incidentally that M. Vilmorin is the author of a very hand- some illustrated quarto volume, entitled Le.< Mi illi urn files, in which all the best sorts of wheat known in European agriculture are accurately described, and the ears and grains beautifully illustrated. From 100 to 500 plots of wheat are grown at Yerrieres, side by side, including sorts from all parts of the world, which are here com- pared with one another, and their respective merits and demerits demonstrated, and the numerous synonyms among the so-called varieties discovered. On arrival, I found M. Yilmorin among some rows of peas, with a plant in his ham', which he was closely examining, and at the same time dictating to an amanuensis a minute descrip- tion of it. All or most of the incomparable Peas grown in England were there, and all would be subjected to the same close scrutiny. The best Wheats were subjected to trie same process, and the result has been that M. Vilmorin lias been able to compile the most complete book that has yet appeared on the subject. English farmers, knowing, as most of them do, only about half-a- dozen different sorts of Wheat, would be astonished at the accuracy with which they are all described in lei Mdlieurt BUx, both as regards their appearance, length, and abundance of straw, &c. : and their special characteristics and 160 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. value, and the sorts of soils which suit them ; for there is no best Wheat for all soils and climates, or one pre-eminent sort would suffice, whereas we have at least three or four score, red and white, long and short, bearded or beardless, coarse for indifferent situations, or refined for the finest Wheat soils. The farms at Verrieres have been for forty years past used by the firm of Messrs. Vilmorin, Andrieux & Co. as a site for the preservation of old varieties of plants, and for the produc- tion and trial of new varieties. The experi- mental grounds comprise each year about 25,000 plots. As in the case of our own leading seedsmen, these different divisions are applied to the growth of stock seed for distribution among the growers of the firm ; to the cultiva- tion of seeds delivered by the growers so as to subject the produce to the test of com- parison; to the trial of novelties intro- duced by other seedsmen, as in the case of the new Peas I mentioned just now; and to the preservation of a number of typical examples to serve for comparison in the work of keeping old sorts true, and in introducing new varieties. It needs but little reflection to comprehend what a vast amount of work is entailed upon the firm and its experts in carrying into effect the various objects thus described. There are compartments for all the principal productions ; for flowers of various kinds ; for Mangold (the seed of which is sold by this firm to the extent of two to three million pounds annually); for Potatos, forage plants, Peas and " Haricots ; " and, in fact, for everything. And at the farm of St. Fiacre, where some fine ranges of sheds and floors have been erected for dealing with the ripe seeds and for storage, the patron saint of gardeners' figures above the chief entrance, and seems appropriately to preside over the industry of this great establishment. The land in the immediate neighbourhood of Verrieres is fertile, and in driving from the railway station at Massy I noticed that it was chiefly devoted to the growth of vegetables for the Paris markets. This kind of cultivation is more profitable than the growth of seeds, and M. Vilmorin's neighbours do not, in fact, grow any, so that his choice stocks of various kinds — which, no doubt repay him the extra cost of their production — run no risk of becoming con- taminated by intermixture with common sorts. Perhaps I may turn aside here to mention that I happened to be at Verrieres on the annual fete day, and M. Vilmorin being the mayor, I had the pleasure of hearing his address to the people, delivered in a tent where, with the assistance of the clergyman and two or three other gentlemen, he distributed a large number of htndsome books as prizes to as bright-looking a lot of village school-children as 1 have ever seen. There was quite a crowd of small landowners present, and they all looked smart and well-to-do. The ceremony was not of long duration, and at its close we passed among the roundabouts, fancy stalls, and shooting galleries, and then returned to our betteraves, &c. But, if I may tell the story, my accomplished guide and host, being invited as the mayor to show his skill, smashed three revolving eggs with a pea-rifle very neatly, and then we retired in triumph. As to the betteraves, or Sugar Beets, it is a great mistake, growing them too large, inas- much as the smaller ones contain a far larger percentage of sugar. The same rule applies to Mangold Wurzel for cattle, which ought never to be grown in rows much more than 27 inches apart, except for the purpose of cleaning foul land. The crop should consist of many and small, rather than few and large. And yet, such is the popular ignorance, that growers sometimes throw it in the seed merchants' teeth that his bstteraves a sucre (for this can surely only occur in France) are not of the giant or mammoth breed. I saw Onions growing in very many plots. The Potatos are a fine collection, to which, in fact, all the novelties are added every year. The practice here is to select the best from all the sorts here tried and tested, and not to breed any. Some are grown for trial, and some — pre- viously approved of— are grown for seed, i.e., sets, to be sent to growers. In England a potato merchant will look at no tuber which has not white flesh, and strange grimaces would be made at the Criterion or Holborn restaurants— these busy feeding places —if yellow-fleshed Potatos were served at dinner. In France it is the other way ; bright yellow is the approved colour, and in one of his frequent visits to England M. Vilmorin met with the very early yellow-fleshed Potato, Victor, an earlier variety than the Ashleaf, and found no difficulty in transferring it to France, where it has been a great favourite. We next observed a collection of Gourds and the Custard Marrow, which, when true, grows in a clump, and does not " run." The blossoms are artificially impregnated, and to keep them true, are confined in such a bag as Grapes are secured in sometimes to bailie wasps and flies. French Beans and Gerkins came next, and then Scarlet Runners — red, white, and bi-colored; and a Lina Runner, and a late Bulgarian sort, named Southern Prolific, with dark-coloured, purple flowers. We passed the ground where the Teas had been harvested, and the dwarf Beans. The green-seeded French Beans, which are so much in fashion in France, are obtained in this way ; the haulm is pulled up before the seeds are ripe, and put into heaps, with a cover- ing of straw to preserve them from the weather. The Beans so treated, when shelled and boiled, preserve their green colour. The trade in these green French Beans has become a very large one around Paris and else- where. Soja hispida, or Dolichos soja, the Soy Bean, is represented here. It is grown for fodder and for ploughing in green as manure, and is of little value in France, it ripening too late, if at all. But it is one of the great food plants of the world, a native of Japan, De Candolle says, and used in that country and in China from remote antiquity. The Bean contains a large propor- tion of oil, and preparations similar to butter and cheese, and oil, are obtained from it in the cookery of the East. Flowers innumerable are grown in the grounds, of various kinds for the produc- tion of stock, seed, and with the other objects already noticed. I obseived an exquisite light blue Delphinium, which was raised here ; charm- ing rose-coloured sweet Peas ; Gladioli ; Phloz Drummondi fimbriata, the blossoms fringed and pointed — an innovation, not an improve- ment; Italian Verbena, striped. But we had little time among the flowers, and left them for another occasion, my pencil having been mainly occupied among the varieties of Wheat, hybrids, cross-breds and pure-breds. H. E. aa C. Ashburtoni.-e, C. Crossianum, and C. obscurnm, and is of about equal merit with those plants from a decorative point of view. The leaf is similar to that of C. insigne in shape, but it is indistinctly marbled with dark nerves and cross veins. The peduncle is 7 or 8 inches long, brownish-purple, and pubescent. The bract is similar to that of C. insigne, about 1J inch long, convolute in the lower part, dull green, suffused and dusted with dull purple. The ovary is about twice as long as the bract, entirely of a dark purple colour, and softly pubescent. The upper sepal is almost exactly elliptic, being broadest at the middle, and nearly equally narrowing at both ends, sub-acute, nearly 2% inches long by 1J inch broad, pubescent on the back ; the basal and central area is light apple-green, well covered with small brownish-purple spots, and the apical third and the broad borders are pure white and unspotted ; the nerves are numerous and closely set, and neither very prominent or strongly coloured. The lower sepal is oblong-acute, pale green, spotted with brownish-purple at the ba9e. The petals are similar to those of C. Crossianum, but are a little paler, and not so spotted, they are light brownish-purple, fading into purplish-ochreous at the tips, and with the nerves and indistinct cross-veins rather darker ; the base is yellow-green, with a basal tuft of purple- brown hairs, and the wavy edges are ciliate, with fine purple hairs. The lip is pointed, and somewhat like that of C. insigne in form, shining, and of a light brownish-purple colour, the indexed sides of the claw being ochreous, with a faint purplish tinge, and dotted with purple. The staminode is broadly obcordate, with a short tooth in the notch, having a ridge-like tubercle in front ; the colour is pale pur- plish. Of the hybrids allied to it, C. Crossianum comes nearest, but the upper sepal of that flower is broadest towards the base, and the lip is not pointed. The broad ovate form and dark green prominent nerves of the upper sepal, and wart-spots of the sepals of C. calophyllum, its mother parent, have entirely dis- appeared in the hybrid, and if its parentage was not certain, no one would probably have guessed that C. calophyllum was one of its parents. It only shows how unwise it is to attempt to assign parentage to supposed hybrids, without certain knowledge of their origin. Mr. Drewett has, however, ingeniouly stated, that it is just such a hybrid as one might expect to obtain from a cross made between C. Crossianum and C. Ashburtoniaj. These two plants are the issue of four parents, thus : — C. Crossianum = \ o!™£t!iii. „ . . , S C. insiirne, C.Ashburtoniffi = -j c. baxifatum. If we assign the fractional value of half to each of the four parents of these two hybrids, then to the elements of a hybrid raised between C. Crossianum and C. Ashburtoniw, we should assign half that frac- tional value, or one quarter ; such a hybrid would therefore be compounded of the elements : — C. barbatum, il New or Noteworthy Plants. CYPRIPEDIUM " NORTHUMBRIAN " (new hybrid). Tms new hybrid has been raised by Mr. Drewett O. Drewett, of Riding Mill-on-Tyne, from seeds of C. calophyllum, fertilised by the pollen of C. insigne var. Maulei. It belongs to the same group And this new hybrid "Northumbrian" has the same combination in the same proportions, thus : — i C. barbatum, J f (C. calophyllum = - >= i C. "North-)) x (C. venustum.J) umbrian " f J (_C. insigne (Maulei). = } But so curious are the ways of Nature, that it by no means follows that a plant just like C. " North- umbrian " would be obtained by crossing C. Crossianum and C. Ashburtonice ; however, it would be very interesting, from a scientific point of view, if some one would make the experiment. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew. Cvpripedicm Leeanum vae. biflorum, new var. Mr. D. O. Drewett, of Riding Mill-on-Tyne, has sent to Kew a very handsome form of this plant, which shows a decided tendency to produce two flowers on a scape, though, as is also the case with C. bar- February 8, 1890.] THE GAB DE NEBS' CHBON1CLE. 1G1 latum var. biflorum, the peduncles are not always two-flowered, but when one-flowered, seems recog- nisable from the two other forms of the plant, by the large development of the secondary bract. The upper sepal is large and full, and well marked with purple spots, and the whole flower is brightly- coloured. The peduncle seems also to be rather longer than usual. The parents of this form are C. insigne var. Chantini, seed parent, and C. Spicerianum, pollen parent. X. E. Brown, Kcw. Cypripedium siamense, n. sp. This is a new and pretty Cypripedium, imported from the neighbourhood of Bangkok, in Siam, of which a leaf and flower have just been received from Mons. J. Garden, Horticulteur, Bois-Colombes, near Paris, for description. It belongs to the group with tesselated leaves, and apparently stands nearest to C. javanicum, Reinw. The leaf is linear- spots and warts. Staminode horse-shoe shaped, with a notch in the basal and a small tooth in the apical side, the margin of a pale purplish colour, and the centre with numerous dark green nerves. I under- stand that it is to be sent out this spring, and no doubt it will be welcomed by cultivators of this interesting genus. R. A. Bolfe. LOCKINGE. On October 12 last year we published in these columns an account of the gardens at Lockinge, made famous in these days by Lord Wantage. Since the publication of that paper we afforded our readers, on January 11, a view of the conservatory, flower garden, and church ; and we now give a view of the rock garden, and a bridge over the neighbouring stream (fig. 26), and another (fig. 2"), of the same stream a little distance away from the rockery. gardening, or that supplied through the medium of the horticultural press, which was always welcome, seeing that it contained the most recent cullings from the head-quarters of horticulture. Who, then, can say that horticulture is made up of unwritten traditions? There are hundreds of establishments throughout the country where the knowledge of gardening to be obtained is of the most rudimentary kind, if entire dependence is to be placed on what is to be obtained from the verbal instructions of the chief. Even in large establishments, young men yearning for a knowledge of their profession, must glean it from various sources written and recorded. To ignore these facts is to ignore the valuable assistance given to horticulture by such men as Miller, Loudon, Thompson, Lindley, Thomas Moore, and many others, including living writers. Much is written about imitating Nature, but I fear that many of her works are inimitable in many FlO, 20. — nOCKERT AND RUSTIC DR1DOE OVER A STREAM IN THE GARDENS, LOCBISOP, oblong, 0 inches long, 1+ inch broad, grey-green, somewhat glaucous above, and tesselated with dark green nerves, very glaucous below. Scape 14 inches high, dark purple-brown, pubescent. Bract acute, 1 inch long. Ovary 2j inches, purple-brown. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute, 1.4 inch long ; light green in the centre and base, passing into light purple, and thence into a broad white margin; the nerves dark grem, seventeen in number; and the margin reflexed. Lower sepal smaller, narrower, pale green, with six darker nerves. Petals ligulate, slightly deflexed, 2] inches long, 8 lines broad, ciliate ; light green, with twelve darker nerves, with about six blackish warts on upper margin, the distal third passing into pale purple. The lip 2 inches long, the pouch ellipsoidal, sub-compressed, pallid behind and at apex, with small dusky spots, purple-brown in front, the infolded basal lobes meeting at their edge, pale whitish-green, with numerous small and a few larger purple-brown The Btream has been very successfully dealt with by the garden artist, and exhibits so little obtrusion of art, that it is quite a charming feature of the garden. The rockery is not a very pretensious thing, but it is natural, and well adapted to the growth and to the display of the plants with which it is furnished. A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. Horticulture (p. 110) is said to be " built up of traditions " — which means, I presume, that the opinions and practices relating to horticulture have been handed down to posterity unwritten. 1, like many others, have scaled the horticultural ladder, or passed through the routine of gardening, in the usual way ; but from the very commencement I had to call in the aid of the written history of the profession, in the shape of good standard words on parts of tiie globe, the British Isles included. How can we imitate, in the confined limits of a greenhouse, or on pigmy mounds of earth called rockeries, what Nature requires a continent or a mountain, with their attendant climatic conditions of heat, light, and moisture, to effect? The history of Gentians, Primulas, Saxifragns, the Narras, and others, in gardens, all testify to what I mean. Who has noli often been shocked by the burlesques on Nature in what are termed natural rockeries, grottos, and caves, especially as aids to plant culture ? Man constructs these paltry imitations often without con- sidering how the plants will be able to obtain light or water absolutely necessary for their existence. The grottos and caves are planted, and the subjects left pretty much to take care of themselves, and the gardener then wonders why they die. Illustrations of this may be seen in many otherwise good horticul- tural establishments. Nature builds rocks in a 162 THE GA BEE XE B S> CHB 0 XI CL E. [Febbvaey 8, 1800. natural way, and then sows them broadcast with seeds of all kinds, and those grow which find the conditions suitable, including, it may be, an under- ground supply of moisture. In this, if I may be allowed the use of the expression, Nature may be described as empirical. A life-and-death competi- tion amongst the plants themselves determines which will survive. Something similar may be seen in many hothouses, where the desire seems to be to crowd a3 many plants of different kinds as possible into a given space, utterly regardless of the fact that one-half is killing the other by overcrowding and want of light. Here a knowledge of that branch of botany, known as physiology, would be of immense advantage to the gardener, or those responsible for the medley in question. Referring to the test plants mentioned by Mr. Watson at Kew, it is no doubt a clerical error (p. 117), which makes him say that the Narras (Acanthosicyos horridus), Welwitschia mirabilis, Macuna macrobotrys, and Cameensia maxima, have been ilowered at Kew. The flowering of most, or all of them, in Europe is still an accomplishment to be hoped for. It is true that the experiments have, so far, succeeded, but here the record terminates. Concerning the difficulty with Camoensia maxima, I once got into hot water by describing the plant as a fine thing; and so it is if it could be flowered. " Is that the fiuR thing you spoke of?" exclaimed an enraged horticulturist, pointing to a miserable dwind- ling thing, with one or two leaves. Welwitschia mirabilis and the Narras are still in their infancy ; and the planting of them in sand, or sandy soil and brick rubble, may surely be described as an attempt to imitate Nature. In the case of the former, if experiments are carefully conducted, and varied according to the increasing requirements of the plants for the next fifty years or more, the Welwits- chia may be expected to flower. The operation of repotting may prove to be a risky one. Detailed information concerning the conditions under which the Narras is found in a state of Nature, is recorded in the Gardeners' Chronicle for April3, 1886, p. 430, and need not be repeated here. A description of the plant, at p. 721, same volume, was furnished by Mr. Ch. Naudin, Antibes, but after describing the plant in its native habitat, as he was informed through Fere Duparquet, a French missionary, who resided in Dammara Land, he did not say that the conditions could be successfully imitated in the British Isles. He merely suggested that it might be cultivated in the sands of Egypt, in the Sahara, or in some country presenting the same or similar climatal conditions. The Narras flourishes in sand without any rain, but it must have moisture, and sends out roots of enormous length in quest of it. One of these, as measured by M. Duparquet, was over 323 feet long! Can those conditions be imitated at Kew? The arid atmosphere and the intense light in Dammara Land are here wanting. The flowering of this plant, yet in its infancy, is a problem to be solved, but the fruiting of it is a greater, and until that can be accomplished, as in the case of Melons and Cucumbers, horticulture caunot be said to have triumphed. A study of the morphology and phy- siology of the plant shows what an achievement Nature in her slow but sure way has accomplished in changing a leafy, climbing, Cucumber-like plant into a spiny, erect, leafless subject, capable of pro- ducing 200 fruits on a single individual on the rolling sand dunes of Dammara Land. Reproduction chiefly or solely by seeds is Nature's great aim, as has been well stated by Mr. Bnrbidge (p. 72), and in this she succeeds. Again, the condition of plants in a state of Nature i3 not always a sure guide of what they are capable of doing if sown or planted in rich soil or pro- tected from competition, as they are by horticulture or agriculture. Cabbages, Turnips, Potatos, cereals, Peas and Beans, are all good examples. Primula sinensis found in the dry ledges of limestone rocks in China is another. In this country when trees have been cut clown, copsewood destroyed, or the taller herbage destroyed by fire accidentally or other- wise, various choice wild plants that had previously been ousted by competition spring up, including Paris quadrifolia, Polygonatum, Orchis maculata, Trollius europams, and many others. It is fre- quently stated that our native Orchids require limestone for their successful cultivation, yet hundreds of them die in gardens, old mortar and brick rubble notwithstanding. I have seen Orchis maculata, O. latifolia, and others in a wild state, making growths from 18 inches to 3 feet in height, where there was no lime in any appreciable quantity in the soil. Armeria maritima is a seaside plant, as stated by Mr. Watson, but it also occurs on moun- tains in the Highlands at an elevation of 3800 feet. I have dried specimens about 3 inches in length from the rocky coast of South Wales, and others 10 inches and 12 inches long from Rothiemurchus, in Inver- ness-shire, where the plants were growing amongst rank sphagnum, associated with Drosera, Narthecium, and Poiytrichum. Amongst Orchids in gardens, Nature must still be allowed her own way with Scuticaria Steeli, Oncidium Jonesianum, Cattleya citrina, and others of that class which will persist in growing head downwards. Notwithstanding statements to the contrary, there are Orchid growers in this country who pursue the study of botany in several of its many branches, and succeed in the culture of their favourites. I recently listened to a very instructive paper on Orchids by Mr. Swan, who trenched deeply into the domain of botany both from a morphological and physiological point of view, and who afterwards answered many questions relating to the same. In answer to the question as to whether Orchids should be potted high or low, he instanced Calanthe, Phaius, and Cypri- pediumsas kinds requiring to be placed deeply in the pots, whereas Cattleyas should be well raised above the surface. Herein we have a good cultivator advocating an imitation of Nature in treating terrestrial and epiphytal Orchids as such respectively. Although the roots of Cattleyas dip downwards into the soil, they bend out again directly, and grow down the outer surface of the pots. The chlorophyll developed in the roots of many epiphytal Orchids should teach the most sceptical horticulturist that Nature meant it to be exposed to light. I have seen Phalamopsis Schilleriana grown in small baskets producing panicles of bloom 3 feet in length, and the roots of those same plants were plunged, baskets and all, into large wooden cylinders filled with sphagnum. What was the result? The plants either died outright, or grew beautifully smaller at an alarming rate. The enormous number of Orchids which have been killed annually for years past by the untutored or experimenting horticulturist cannot be conceived. The same might be said of Lilium auratum and other spedes. Auriculas have also been martyred by ingenious compounds of bullocks' blood, sugar- bakers' scum, night-soil, fuller's earth, &c. ; but the florist is coming to his senses, and believes in the use of simpler and more natural composts, consist- ing chiefly of good loam. All these are not traditions, but have been recorded for the guidance of the younger members of the profession, who, indeed, have to learn the whole subject afresh, but are enabled to leap up by starts and bounds upon the ladder prepared for them by a long array of workers in the field, both gardeners and botanists. There has been much wrangling over the words botany and botanist. The former originally meant plauts for fodder, although it now applies to the science that treats of plants. It is questionable whether Linna;us, who has justly been termed the father of botany, would in his day have regarded phyto-physiology as having any connection with botany. Notwithstanding this, there can be little question that systematic, economic, and geographical botany, together with morphology, physiology, hor- ticulture, agriculture, and everything dealing with plant uses, culture, and nomenclature, are all branches of one comprehensive whole. Each of these branches requires the whole time and atten- tion of an individual, if he desires to excel, so that we have a division of labour, all tending to benefit and improve the whole. The objects of the one are not antagonistic to that of another. There is no reason why a man with a considerable amount of botanical knowledge should not be a good gardener if he chooses, and there are many such. No reason- able man would think of taking a botanist from the herbarium, a physiologist from the laboratory, or a museum curator to cultivate living plants, more especially if their experience has been solely acquired in those places. Horticulture does nevertheless frequently apply to such for information or assist- ance on various matters relating to horticulture. Geographical botany does also lend material assist- ance to a gardener in enabling him to locate his plant in the garden; and the conditions under which a plant is found in Nature will often prove a correct guide to follow, if possible, of approximately exact imitation. What we want is careful observers to correctly record the conditions. J. Fraser, Kew. As far as this question concerns the cultiva- tion of hardy plants in the open air, perhaps I may be allowed to say a few words. It is asserted on the one hand that we often find plants in cultivation thriving better than they do in their native homes, and at the same time under very different conditions from those which they seem to prefer when wild. On the other hand, it is said that when we get a plant that is new to cultivation, we should try to imitate as nearly as possible the conditions, if we know them, under which the wild plant has been seen thriving. Both these statements are quite true. We cannot without experience determine which of the conditions are essential to the plants' well being, and which are accidental, but we find out this gradually by experience, and then by paying atten- tion to the essential points, the gardener may improve upon Nature. But there can be little doubt that a gardener who commences his treatment with a knowledge of natural conditions has a great advan- tage over one who begins his work in the dark, though both may arrive in time at the same result. Where a plant is seen thriving permanently, we may be sure that it has all that is essential to its welfare, and any one who can imitate exactly all the conditions under which the plant thrives is sure to succeed. There may be some conditions which are entirely superfluous, and might as well have been neglected; and there may be, and too often are, others which are entirely beyond human control, such as those of climate or atmosphere. Thus, many plants which can endure 70° of frost in winter, die out gradually in English gardens for want of suffi- cient sun- heat in summer, though they may seem to do well for a few seasons. This happens to some North American plants. Others, natives of the Alps and Pyrenees, and particularly of the Himalayan temperate regions, will not do well without an atmo- sphere nearly saturated with invisible moisture through the summer, and are withered by an English sun in June and July. South American subjects are still more intractable, refusing to be satisfied with any conditions our little island can afford, and remain permanently miffy and unsatisfactory, like Senecio pulcher and Ourisia coccinea. Again, to satisfy the natural conditions under which hardy Japanese and Chinese plants grow, we must eliminate that inevitable factor of an English spring, the blasting east wind. Our " spirantes frigora Couri cut back the spring growth of such plants as Dicentra spectabilis until they are worn out. These are a few cases of conditions beyond our control. The cultivation of British alpine and maritime plants, of which I have had long experience, presents some curious puzzles and paradoxes. For example, of two Saxifrages, S. aizoides, and S. stellar is, one is abundant on the mountains of the Lake district, the other on those of North Wales, and they seem to grow under precisely the same conditions in trickling watercourses, and in debris of similar geological character. S. aizoides may be cultivated permanently and easily on any part of an elevated rockery, but S, stellaris will not grow at all here. 1'ebkcary ?, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 163 In the case of seaside plants, deep warm sand seems essential to some, and salt to others. Glaucium luteum, Frankenia lrevis, Convolvulus Soldanella, Ervngium maritimum, and others, grow luxuriantly for a time in ordinary garden soil, but they gradually degenerate, and flower badly. Aster trifolium dies out soon. Mertensia maritima is a study in itself. Here I supply it liberally with salt, and it thrives ; being a northern plant I cannot un- derstand why it does well in the hot dry black soil at JIunstead in Surrey. There is one plant which certainly seems to bear out the theory of those who contend that natural conditions matter little. It is Senecio spathukcfolius ; I got this ten years ago from the storm-beaten rock near the South Stack light- house at Holyhead, which is, I believe, its only British habitat. Seeds of it come up wherever they fall in my garden ; and are weeded np by hundreds ; those that are left flower well, and in several generations simple contrivances are fitted up instead, which give a fair measure of success when the first principles of the art are understood. Beginners in the art seem to have an idea that a great degree of heat is re- quired, especially bottom-heat, which is by no means always the case, and which is, of course, needless with most greenhouse plants ; and even in the case of tropical things I have had the most success when heat was used in moderation. Bottom-heat, if it be strong, has a tendency to promote decay rather than the formation of roots ; at all events, that is the case with hard-wooded plants. A high tempera- ture in some cases will even retard the germination of seeds. What is of more importance than special structures or great heat, is, intelligent and unremit- ting attention on the part of the operator, want of success being more often attributable to neglect than any other cause. If a cutting be allowed to flag, it has parted with moisture which, in its rootless con- of light, but not direct sunshine ; and it should preferably face the north, less shading being then required. If the position will admit of it, a bed of mild fermenting materials may be used, such as spent tanner's bark, clean Oak leaves, or Cocoa- fibre refuse; but the last will be found of more use to plunge the cutting pots into, or to dibble the cuttings into if pots be not employed ; besides, by damping it moderately before iuserting the cuttings it will keep up the necessary humidity without much future watering being called for. Sufficient time should be given, after putting the Cocoa-fibre into the box, to allow of it getting as warm as the temperature of the house, before placing the cuttings in it. In such a frame, and without bottom-heat, I have struck all sorts of tropical sub- jects in midwinter, with a very small percentage of loss ; indeed, I consider this season of the year the most favourable for propagating tropical plants ; the FlO. 27. — A PART OF T1IK STRKAM IN THK HARDENS, LOCKIXGE. the plant does not seem to have undergone the least change. It has been suggested that it is a moribund species; be thi3 as it may, it retains a wonderful constitution. C. Wolley Dud, Edge Hall, Ma/pas. PROPAGATION. Is- all well-regulated gardens the reproduction of plants occupies a first place, and is going on more or less the whole year, according to the requirements of the establishment ; indeed, the natural order of things renders it imperative, and more particularly so with plants which are grown under glass, and which are always living in an artificial medium, and under relatively unhealthy conditions. In many gardens there are structures provided, which render plant propagation comparatively easy ; still gardens may be found which are destitute of these aids, and some dition, It can only replenish with difficulty; and Bhould this flaccid condition be often repeated, or long continued, failure is likely to result, for a cutting cannot form roots unless its cells are in a fairly turgescent condition. Consequently, means must be taken to maintain this condition in the cutting, by surrounding it with a genial moist atmosphere, being careful, however, not to keep the air around the cutting in a saturated condition, as this would set up a kind of fermentation of its juices, and induce decay. The usual and the most satisfactory method of accomplishing this is. by placing the cuttings in a small garden-frame or hand-light, in a house of the required temperature ; indeed, frames are usually employed in propagating-houses, as they can be aired or closed as may be required, and fluctuations of all kinds are more easily guarded against. In choosing a position for the frame, it should be such as will admit the maximum amount Wood being then in a fairly mature condition, little active growth is taking place, and the sun having less injurious effect on them at that time, admits of more exposure to the light, which is an important factor, as cuttings much shaded are apt to lose their leaves, which should never be permitted. It is a good practice to tie up the foliage to a small stake, and this has two advantages — the leaves are not so liable to suffer through the cooling effect of radiation, nor are they so likely to get injured by the necessary handling, or to damp off, as would be the case if they were crowded together, or laying on the plunging material. As to whether the cuttings should be potted at once, or dibbled in the bed until rooted, or several inserted round the edges of a pot, will, in a large measure, depend on the species of plant, but generally, it is time saved to pot them singly into the pots— when large pieces are used — as less check to growth takes place when they are 164 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. potted. For Crotons, Acalyphas, Dieffenbachia tops, Cyanophyllums, and many similar things I have found the one cutting in a small pot to answer the best. And next to that, is the method of putting several round the sides of small pots, and which when rooted, may generally be separated with a small ball of soil. When repotting or moving them from the cutting frame, they should for a few days previously be afforded more air, as any sudden change is preju- dicial to such tender things. It is in the unremitting attention paid to small details, that the chief secret of success lies. F. B. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. THE CYMBIDIUMS. These are very choice members of the great Orchid family, and are much valued in all gardens when well cultivated. I would not at this time have ventured to offer a few hints on their culture had I not seen recently some members of the genus in rather a sorry plight owing to bad management. One may well ask why is the beausiful C. eburneum to be seen sometimes in a healthy, vigorous condition, in a collection of ordinary stove plants, and in poor condition in a fairly well grown Orchid col- lection? The reason is obvious when one comes to examine the conditions of culture. The Cym- bidium is to the person in charge, an Orchid to be treated the same as Lxlia purpurata or Cattleya Mossi.-E. The pots are filled about half full of drain- age, and a compound is used for them of fibrous peat, sphagnum moss, potsherds, and charcoal. Many persons seem to get into a regular routine system of culture, and cannot deviate much to the right hand or the left, when it is absolutely necessary to do so. Cymbidium eburneum is the best known species in the genus, and is much valued for its large ivory white flowers, and strong perfume which is not pleasing to every one. The editor of the Botanical Magazine described it as having a smell of starch. It has been introduced into England at least forty-three years, for it was figured in the Botanical Begister in 1847. Its discoverer, Mr. Griffiths, does not give any information of the con- ditions under which it was discovered, except that it was found at Myrung, on the Khasia Mountains of East Bengal, at an elevation of about 5000 or 6000 feet. The appearance of the roots, when the plants have been newly imported, are suggestive of swampy ground ; and indeed the plants grow freely, and flower well in turfy loam ; a little fibrous peat may be added, and a sprinkling of rough white sand, and leaf- mould in the proportion of a fourth part of the whole bulk may be added. Large specimens may be repotted once in two years. The plants, coming from such a great elevation, do not require a high temperature ; a shady position in the Cattleya-house suits them best. Our largest plant of C. eburneum i9 about twenty years old, it is in vigorous health, and last year produced twenty-seven flowers. C. Dayanum seems to be a form of this species, with the lip spotted and streaked less or mure of a blood colour. C. Parishii is a lovely species, distinct from C. eburneum in its broader leaves, and the lip spotted with crimson. C. Mastersii may also be brought into this group, it is a more elegant plant than either of those named above ; the leaves are narrow, and recurved gracefully, the flowers pure white, the lip lUhtly spotted rosy-purple, and Almond-scented. We have in our small collection a pure white variety. C. Lowianam belongs to quite a distinct group from the above, the plants being of the most vigorous habit. We have one that two men can move only with difficulty, which five years ago was quite a small specimen in a 5-inch pot; such large plants are well adapted to fill up the centre stage in large houses. This species, and the group to which it belongs, have roots that seem better adapted to seek their food in a ditch than elsewhere ; even the appearance of the plants with their long linear leaves suggest this. They are potted in loam, leaf-mould, and manure, luxuriating with a goodly supply of water during the growing season, and should not to be allowed to become dry at the roots in winter. Some varieties of this species have bright-coloured flowers, and as they are produced thirty or more of them on a raceme 4 and even 5 feet in length, they have an imposing effect ; another point in their favour, is their long lasting character — for with care, they will remain in good condition for three months or more. C. giganteum, a noble growing species, was little known or cared for until C. Lowianum appeared. They are much alike in their habit of growth, re- quiring similar treatment, and the flowers resemble each other, except that the labellum of C. gigan- teum is of a bright yellow colour, thickly blotched and spotted with blood red ; the flower-scape is shorter, and formed of fewer flowers, which are pro- duced in the late autumn months, whereas those of C. Lowianum are produced in the spring and summer. C. Hookerianum is also a noble species of the same group, which I have not seen in flower in a living state. Dr. Hooker found it growing in the Sikkim Himalayas, where it was also found by Mr. Lobb, who sent it to the Exeter nurseries of Messrs. Veitch, but the plants were grown too warm, and in other respects badly treated, so that it did not flower freely. It is evidently very near to C. giganteum. J. Douglas. Odontoolossum Rossii majds, Pale Variett. The forms of Rossii majus are numerous, and the colours varied. This one, in the collection of Mr. A. Heimes, Pallowfield, near Manchester, has very distinct sepaline segments, spotted with the palest possible shade of sienna, and the spots very decided and distinct, looking all the better on being placed on a whitish ground. The petals are white, with a few sienna blotches at base ; the lip is white, with a yellowish crest, and the whole flower distinct, and worthy of cultivation. It is suspended in the usual way, and is grown well by Mr. Craggs. DENDROBIIM HETEROCARPUM X FlNDLfcYANUM. This form has a good deal of the combined blood of the parents. The flower is more like D. heterocar- pum, having the fragrance of that excellent and dis- tinct species, possibly a little removed. We would say it was an admixture of Vanilla and Heliotrope. Its petals and sepals are more elongated than even those of heterocarpum, and are nearly uniform. The keel holding the enveloped column is very pro- minent; the labellum is also more elongated than the female parent, being prominently acuminate, and having multitudinous fine hairs on a nankeen ground. It is very floriferous, and is dwarfer growing than either of its parents. J. A. The Phal.enopsis at Elstead. Mr. Ingram's collection of PhaUxnopsis will be, for the next week or two, a sight well worth seeing. The plants are cultivated in a low span-roofed house 40 feet by 12 feet, which is heated by twelve rows of 4-inch pipes, some of them running through the water-tanks, which are beneath the staging, by this means causing a constantly moist atmosphere; moreover, the plants are drenched with water at least once daily, and oftener if the weather be dry. I noticed that there was an abundance of air admitted at the top of the house, the panes of glass being cut so as to leave openings of - inches or rather more, which are kept open at all times. In like manner the bottom ventilators are always open, and the air admitted is compelled to pass amongst the hotwater-pipesatthat part of the house, and becomes heated before coming in contact with the plants. These are in vigorous health, and are evidently at home under the kind of treatment adopted. There are some very fine plants of P. Sanderiana, P. Schilleriana, P. Marie, 1". Luddemanniana, P. gran- diflora, P. amabilis, and P. Stuartiana in this collec- tion. -V. I*. Z. "ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND." Neither "the glory that was Greece" nor the "grandeur that was Rome" has so intense an interest for us as the Elizabethan period in English history. It was politic, therefore, of Mr. Lathrop Withington to rechristen William Harrison's Description of England, which formed an integral part of Holinshed's Chronicles (1587), and no more appropriate designation could be given it than that of Elizabethan England. Although Harrison himself depreciatingly speaks of his work as " this foule frizeled treatise of mine," as standing " in lieu of a description of my countrie," it has the rare merit of being an honest attempt at describing things seen by one who " had an especiall eye vnto the truth." The genial, if at times dreadfully prosy, Harrison takes a very wide range of view. He deals more or less exhaustively with the degrees of people in the Commonwealth of England, with cities and towns, with gardens and orchards, fairs and markets, the laws, the church, food, diet and apparel, with building houses, indigenous commodities, with minerals and metals, cattle, fowls, dogs, fishes, woods, marshes and parks, the navy, the various methods of punishments, and a whole host of other things. To us, however, the most interest- ing section is that relating to " gardens and orchards," which, it may be mentioned, is in the second or 1587 edition, and not in the first issue of ten years' before. This portion has a much more than abstract importance, for it notes, among other things, how vegetables, roots, and salad herbs, which since the reign of Henry IV., had fallen into dis- repute, began early in the reign of Henry VIII. to be objects of increased attention, and a very much extended cultivation. In Elizabeth's days, indeed, they were considered as essentials in every day's menu, such as it was. Doubtful sorts of fruit and fungi were eaten with an impunity which we of three centuries later might almost envy. Hops and Madder were grown extensively, and rare and in- teresting plants were introduced from abroad. Apri- cot, Almond, Peach, Fig, and Cornel trees, and even Capers, Oranges, Lemons, and wild Olives, were not at all rare. Harrison himself had a garden which, he tells us, " is but small, and the whole area thereof little above 300 feet of ground, and yet, such hath been my luck in purchase of the variety of samples, that notwithstanding my small ability, there are very nearly three hundred of one sort and other con- tained therein, no one being common or usually to be had." Harrison has some quaint stories of fact or fancy to relate. Referring to a Rose mentioned by Pliny, he speaks, as a sort of sequel, of one at Antwerp in 1585, that had 180 leaves on one button or flower, and the historian could have had a slip of it for £10 ( = £60 now), if he had not thought it "but a tickle hazard." We are glad to see that in this reprint — the first attempt, strangely enough, ever made to use any portion of " Holinshed " as a popular text-book — no editorial liberties have been taken in any way with the diction of Harrison ; the orthography and typography are wisely modernised. We can heartily commend this little book, which is sold at a shilling, for it deals, as the editor observes, with an epoch which will never occur again " until we poor crawling mites on this rolling ball discover the socket it rolls in, and once again feel ourselves masters of all knowledge and devoid of all doubts." W.B. THE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE GROWERS OF NICE. A report on the prosperity of peasant proprietors in the vicinity of Nice has been forwarded to the Foreign Office by Mr. J. C. Harris, the British Consul. The general impression is, that the small proprietors of land in France are reduced to a con- dition of great poverty, and the impossibility of the small holder succeeding in cultivating his land profitably has been inferred. Last year Mr. Harris gave an account of the exceptions to this rule pre- sented by the peasantry about Mentone, and he now states that he has been surprised to find the February 8, 1890.] THE GAMBENEBS' CHRONICLE. 165 Valley of the Oise, from Pontoise to its junction with the Seine, exhibiting a not less "brilliant" ex- ample of well-being, although the land is greatly subdivided. The valley and the surrounding hills are largely cultivated for fruit and vegetables for the Paris market, but patches of corn are also mingled with fruit trees and other products. Asparagus is grown under the fruit trees as well as in patches, and also Kidney Beans. Many of these small owners realised fortunes under the Second Empire, when competition did not exist, owing to the incomplete state of the southern railways; but though the conditions have been completely changed in this respect, these peasants are still able to construct dwellings with considerable pretensions to comfort, and even to external adornment ; to make investments, and to keep a horse and cart. The peasant proprietors in the region nowhere number less than a proportion of (>7 per cent, of the total proprietors in a commune, and a3 the Alpine region is approached, this pro- portion increases, until around the higher mountains it is found that the whole of the land is owned by the peasants. The success of these small holders is the more noteworthy, as their parcels of land being much dispersed, the employment of machines is rendered practically almost impossible. As- machines, how- ever, are not of much use in the cultivation of flowers and early vegetables, the peasants are not seriously handicapped on this account, though it is possible that the character of the cultivation may to some extent be determined by this dillicultv. < to the other hand, although the occasionally wide distri- bution of the patches of land held by one peasant necessitates much loss of time in going from one to the other, the cultivator seems to have an advantage in the variety of crops which he is able to produce, owing to differences of aspect, shelter, and so on. Again, the influence of these conditions in developing the intelligence and activity of the peasant is said to be very marked. Cultural Memoranda. F 1! K KS1AS. Thksb valuable introductions for the garden may be had in bloom in the depth of winter, and a long succession of flowers kept up by simple manage- ment. The first batch of bulbs must be potted early, and others in succession, and when the first are fairly on the move, they should be placed in a pit or frame where they can get gentle heat, and have the full benefit of the light by being stood up near to the glass. This will keep them sturdy and strong, and when the flower-heads begin to show, weak liquid manure will be a great help. We have some potsful so treated which are now in full bloom, and are highly prized for their elegance and delicious per- fume ; the favourite with us, is F. refracta alba, which comes in splendidly for button-hole bouquets. We pot Freesias in 48'« and 32'8,nine bulbs being patted in the former, and twelve in the latter. Any rich light soil suits them, the chief thing in their management being to water them very carefully till they get well into leaf, up to which time they require very little, and should have only just sufficient to keep the soil moist; and the same after their flowering is over; but the longer the foliage can be maintained healthy and green, the finer and better will the bulbs be. Freesias miy be raised from seed and got strong enough to bloom within the year, but the seed must be sown soon, and placed in heat, and the young plants pricked out and nursed on directly they are large enough to handle, so that they get no check to their growth. Perpetual Carnations. One of the finest and the most popular is Miss Jolliffe, a very pale pink, which is now largely cul- tivated for market, the habit of the plant being compact, and its blooming qualities good. Others are Alegatiere and Boule de Feu, bright scarlet ; and as worth having are, Garibaldi, Lucifer, Ne Plus Ultra, La Belle, and The Bride. To have these, or any other perpetual Carnations, at their best, they must be propagated early, so as to get strong plants by the autumn ; and the sooner cuttings are put in the better, and these should be made by taking off' any clean shoots that may not be showing flower. Cut them through close under a joint, and remove the lower leaves by rubbing them off by the aid of the finger and thumb. To encourage the formation of roots it is a good plan to prepare the pots for the cuttings by placing one of a smaller size inverted over the hole or upside down in the other, and filling in around it with sharp sandy soil, as the cuttings being then inserted between the two are kept well drained, and they feel the regular warmth from the heated air underneath. Put the pots in a Cucumber or Melon-pit at work, and if the cuttings show symptoms of flagging, a light syringing will revive them. Carnations are impatient of confinement, but if the house they are in is too airy, a sheet of glass is a great help if fixed or laid over and just clear of the tips of the cuttings. As soon as rooted, pot them singly into small pots, employing ribry loam, which ought to be carefully looked over before using it, to see that it is Iree from wire worm, a dangerous pest. After potting, place them in a light pit. with a little warmth, aud as soon as they move they should be freely ventilated in favourable weather. Early in May they will be fit to stand in the open. When placed there, it should be in a sheltered sunny spot, with their pots plunged in coal-ashes. Instead of potting, it is the practice with some to plant out the plants during the summer, and they may be grown very strong and large in that way, and labour saved in the watering ; but if planted out they must be lifted very carefully in the autumn, so as to secure good balls and all the fibrous roots possible, so as to prevent any great check. ScaizosrvLis coccinka. This showy autumn (lowering plant, either grown in pots or used as a cut flower in vases, is a great help in conservatories and in rooms. We have been using them of late for dinner-table deco- ration, and in epergnea with light branches of yellow and silver-leafed Ivy, out ol which the Schizostylis «|>ikes stood out effectively under the artificial light. Schizostylis flowers asso- ciates well with Roman Hyacinth, as both are of a light and of similar character . and this is a point to be considered when two kinds of flowers are used in one stand. In warm, sheltered spots, the Schizo- stylis does very well outdoors, but as it blooms late it is of but little service when so grown, unless the plants are covered with a frame or hand-light ; but the best way is to take the plants up and pot them, or grow them in pots, as then a little warmth may be afforded them, and the stock of plants be brought on in succession. To grow them in pots the plants should be shaken out as soon as they have done flowering, pulled apart and divided. This is very essential for good flowering. After potting in 7-inch pots the plants should be stood in a cold pit, and watered to settle the soil, and then kept close for a time to give them a start. During the sum- mer and onwards till the autumn, they are best outdoors, plunged in a bed of cocoanut-fibre or coal ashes. If planted out the soil must be enriched, and the plants put out in patches a foot apart, and if attended to with water when the weather is dry they will make good growth. The finest I ever had were raised from seed sown as soon as ripe, and pricked out and potted off as soon as the plants were large enough ; and those who have not stock to start with will find this a good way to begin. J. 8. Crotons. Crotons may now be increased by taking cuttings of the tops of straggling Bhoots on old plants, of about 3 inches in length, and inserting them singly in GO's, employing light sandy soil, surfaced with silver sand, and after affording the cutting-pots water to settle the compost, placing them in bottom- heat of 90°, or rather less, in a close frame or case. The cuttings will soon form roots, and as soon as these have been formed in some quantity, the pots must be taken out ot the bottom-heat bed and stood on a shelf near to the g'ass in the stove, or at lea«t where there is a night temperature of 60° to 65°. Damp the plants overhead with the syringe, more or less heavily, on bright afternoons at closing time, and afford water according to their needs. Thus treated, decorative plants of considerable usefulness will be secured for the conservatory during summer and onwards to the winter. //. W. W. PLANT PORTRAITS. Eremurds bucharicus, Kegel. — A fine species from Eastern Bokhara, discovered by H. A. Kegel. Flowers, when open, white, with a reddish middle nerve. Height of the plant from il— 3 feet. Gar- tenftora, February, 1890. Hydrangea stkllata rubra tlena. — A novelty of Lemoine's Nancy, resembling H. s. prolifera, but is a stronger grower. Terminal corymbs of double blossoms of a rosa-white colour, turning at a later stage tu lilac, violet, and blue, and at last to dull red. Plant quite hardy. Wiener Illustricrtc Garten Z'ituihJ, Florists' Flowers. YELLOW CARNATIONS AND PICOTEES. A qood deal has been written recently about the culture of these, and their position as show flowers. These flowers have been long cultivated by the florist, but their production from seeds in England has not been carried out to the same extent as the white ground varieties. The yellow ground Carna- tions and l'ieotees have been grown and valued for a hundred years, but owing to the vagaries of their constitution, they have not been cultivated regularly or well. About fifty or sixty years ago we read of golden-crimson Carnations, and a very handsome variety is figured in colours in the fifth vol. of the Horticultural Register, hut little stock could be ob- tained, and the plants had to be sold at a guinea per pair, a price that must have prohibited their culture in all but the gardens of rich people. About twenty years later, an amateur cultivator in the Midland counties, named Smith, was the originator of a fine strain of yellow ground Picotees. I saw some of them in their decadence, and they had the fine quality of some of the best white-edged Picotees, but were mostly of a pale yellow ground. Mr. B. Simonite, of Shef- field, who knew Smith, and the flowers also when first introduced to the notice of the public, told me that they were obtained by crossing some of the yellow ground varieties then in cultivation with the best and most vigorous of the white ground type. In this intercrossing he obtained good quality, but a pale yellow, sometimes fading ofl to creamy- white, instead of the rich deep yellow of the Mal- maison and Frogmore strains, or the coloured figures of Hogg's Treatise ami that of the Hurticul- tural Register of Paxton. The introduction of that vigorous but withal beautiful variety, Perkins' Prince of Orange, is within the memory of most middle-aged florists. I have grown it for twenty-live years, and it is still one of the most beautiful varieties in our collection, and yet we have never had a change of stock. A grand batch of seedlings was raised from it in Mr. Charles Tamer's nursery at Slough some fifteen years ago. Some of these we have also in our collection affording still further evidence of the vigour of the strain. I selected, some six years ago, one of the best of Mr. Turner's seedlings — Ne Plus Ultra, and crossed it again with Prince of Orange, and obtained a lot of seedlings most amazing in their great variety. Six of them were selected and sent out from Slough, one, named Agnes Chambers being considered the greatest advance made up to that time. Last year we had another selection, whicli marks a still further advance, the best being 166 THE GAB DENE B S' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. Remembrance. There are also some flaked flowers, both flakes and bizarres. Of course, it cannot be expected that all the new varieties likely to be raised will continue to maintain their vigorous habit of growth, either in the open borders, or under the more careful system of pot-culture. This would be expecting too much from any section of Carnations or Picotees, white or yellow; indeed, one or two of the best white-ground Picotees I have raised are of such poor constitution, that they can never be sent out. It therefore behoves the raisers of these, quite as much as it does those who produce yellow-ground varieties, to make Bure that their seedlings have good constitutions, as well as flowers of high quality. A few words on culture, and perhaps this may be thought to be an oft-told tale. I grow them in two ways — that is, planted out in the open borders, and in pots in frames; and I find that they are more liable to injury from dense fogs if accompanied by frosts than the white-ground varieties are ; but clear dry frosts do them no injury, nor do they seem to suffer much from fogs when it does not freeze at the same time, nor are they injured by any kind of weather when they can be placed in a heated house, and the plants are arranged on Bhelves near the glass. The heating apparatus need only be used to keep out frost. J. Douglas. The Gold-laced Polyanthus. I had hoped to have seen during the autumn an announcement to the effect that some of the newly raised Lancashire varieties of Gold-laced Polyanthus have been put into commerce ; but the time is not yet. During the past half-dozen years, several of these were awarded First-class Certificates of Merit at horticultural meetings in the North, and one is dis- posed to ask, why these new flowers are not available for cultivation by others ? It is because they die, and the chance of circulating them is lost. Do they fail to give increase P Do they disappoint, after further trial, as not a few certificated Auriculas have done ? or is there a selfish interest at work, which prefers to keep in the hands of their possessors the gratification of growing them ? It is quite certain that, except in the case of those who have been fortunate enough to raise promising seedlings, the old standard varieties have to be depended upon: Exile, Cheshire Fa- vourite, George IV., Prince Regent, Sidney Smith, and William IV. There does not appear to have been the slightest cessation of activity in my plants of named gold- laced Polyanthuses since they were potted in October last, excepting in the brief period of sharp frost of a few weeks ago ; and the unusually mild weather since has maintained that activity, and the flower trusses are showing at an inconveniently early period ; but these may be sacrificed, as others will certainly follow, though I always think the first pips are the best ones. Until the end of November my plants occupied a cold frame, and had an abundance of ventilation. These were later removed to the confinement of the Auricula-house, because fog and frost were doing them hurt, and the slugs were unusually attentive. The plants are kept moister about the roots than the Auriculas, for if a Polyanthus become too dry, and the leaves flag, there is much danger of losing them. My potted plants, with a few exceptions, are in CO's, and are well rooted, although not pot-bound. Early in February they will have a slight shift into pots a size larger, and in which they will flower. As soon as possible they will again be placed in the cold frame, for, judging from present appearances, retarding instead of hastening the period of bloom will be necessary ; but, then, no one knows what weather is likely to visit us during the next three months. I am sure the National Auricula Society has shown a laudable desire to encourage the more wide- spread culture of the gold-laced Polyanthus as an exhibition plant, but the time has not yet come. The cultivators for exhibition are a stationary quantity. During the past two or three years we have had to deplore the absence of the collection grown by Sir J. F. D. Llewelyn, and, with the exception of Mr. Samuel Barlow, no northern grower puts in an appearance in London. I have just been making the experiment of endeavouring to popularise the gold-laced Polyanthus by offering plants of the standard named varieties at a cheap rate in the trade. But no one apears to cared to buy, and this I take to be an indication that for all decorative purposes the improved giant fancy varieties are much more highly esteemed, if, Dean. Carnation Louis Bernhabd. This is a capital winter-flowering variety, of per- fect form, deeply serrated at the edges, with a calyx not given to splitting, a good grower ; and the colour an intense maroon-crimson, with a purple shade, is quite exceptional. and treated as directed for Cauliflowers in a former Calendar. To obtain compact, hard sprouts, plant on rich land, made very firm by treading If not already done, beds may be got in readiness for the Parsnip crop by deeply trenching the soil. Beds for a variety of sowings may be likewise got ready, thereby preventing delay at critical moments. H. Markham, Mereworifa Castle, Maidstone. The Rock Garden. SAXIFRAGA PELTATA. This probably is the giant of the family, and a very grand plant, I think, too. I had a plant some years since, and kept it in a pot, as when received ; sometimes it got very dry and much withered. At last it occurred to me, that its habitat is the Sacramento river, so I put it out of the pot close to the edge of the stream in the bank in the front of my house, where it grew a little, and had a flower-spike. Last year it had leaves 1 yard high, and 15 to 18 inches across, and some of its large roots or rhizomes touched the water, and ran along under the surface of the soil for some distance from the main root ; but they are now upon, and amongst the surface herbage, and are very strong. The plants will, no doubt, flower well if all goes well with them, and they are not injured in any way ; but the strong wind at times twists the leaves about very much and dis- figures them. Perhaps others have grown them in a similar way. J. S, Q. The Kitchen Garden. Roots and Tubers. — The remaining tubers of Jerusalem Artichokes should be dug up, and the best stored for consumption in moderately moist earth or sand in a cool place; those for planting put into aheap, and protected from frost with a covering of litter till, the ground is in readiness for planting. When dig- ging up the tubers, see that every tuber, or portion of one, is secured, or much trouble will be caused later by these escapes. Trench the ground deeply, and if poor, work rotten manure into it, and after- wards draw drills C inches in depth, and 2.} feet apart, and plant the tubers 18 inches apart in the rows. Choose fine weather for the planting, and if the ground is of a heavy and adhesive nature, road- scrapings, burnt refuse, or coal-ash, may be applied when digging it, with advantage. Rhubarb. — The roots left outside to be forced moderately where they stand, should be afforded some covering to prevent check from frost. Rhu- barb may be brought forward readily at this season ; all that is required, in the absence of pots or tubs, being a few stout stakes, put in around each stool, over which some long litter, or leaves and litter, may be placed. Seakale. — Before growth commences put the pots over the crowns to keep them in darkness. Seakale at this season is so easily forced with the aid of some fermented leaves, and a heap of finely-sifted coal-ashes placed over the crowns. Remove these materials as soon as the cutting is finished. Cut the crowns smoothly over when the ground is cleared, and protect them from frost with some coal- ashes, or a handful of litter. Potatos, which may be stored in pits in the open, should be examined on a bright day, the sprouts rubbed oft' before they get too long, and diseased tubers taken out and burned. Sets should be spread out thinly on shelves or floors in places proof against frost, but where air and light may reach them. Miscellaneous. — For early u»e, a sowing of some early white variety of Celery may now be made in heat. Where early Brussels Sprouts are required, the seed of some approved strain should be sown, The Orchid Houses. East Indian House. — Some difficulty will be found in keeping the different houses at an even temperature, owing to the cloudy, windy, and bright weather experienced during the past week, and as much air will find its way into the houses at such times, I would advise that but little air be admitted through the ventilators, the cold winds doing more harm than a rise of 5° or 6° of tempe- rature caused by a gleam of sunshine. Where the Phala>nopsis-house faces nearly or quite due south, it will be advisable to have the shadings put up, 60 that they may be utilised during periods of strong sunshine, but this measure may not be yet necessary in the vicinity of London, where fog and smoke coat the glass with a thick film of blacks. The earliest plants of Dendrobium heterocarpum may be had in bloom at Christmas, and by gradually bringing in others from the cooler house, a suc- cession of flowers may be kept up, filling the house with a fragrance of' Primroses until February. As the Dendrobiums go out of flower, repotting or basketing should be attended to if found to be necessary, and but little water should be afforded them for some time afterwards — in fact, not until the young roots are seen to be making good progress — the young growths being very liable to damp oft'. The beautiful Saccolabium Ilarrisoni and its near companion plant, S. illustre, now in flower, should be in every good collection, as both are beautiful, besides being very fragrant. The plants will do well either in pots or baskets, but they like a light posi- tion, and much water must not be given them during the winter. The best way in which to ascertain if water is required is to feel the bottom leaves of the plant, and if these be firm no water need be given. The same remark applies to all sections of Atirides and Vandas, too much water being the chief cause of spot on the foliage. Temperature G5° by night, with a rise of 5° by day. Cattlcya-house. — Many varieties of Lselia anceps will now be passing out of bloom, and should be at once seen to, as they will almost immediately throw out great bunches of young roots from the base of the pseudobulbs la9t made, and if repotting be not done before these push out, there is great danger of breaking some of them, however carefully the opera- tion is performed. The white variety introduced five years ago ia the finest acquisition we have had for many years as a winter-flowering Orchid, and when once they have reached the flowering age, they are freer flowerers than the red forms ; L. San- deriana seeming to be the most floriferous, giving four and five flowers on fair-sized bulbs. Tempe- rature 60° at night, 65° by day. Intermediate-house.— Plants of the beautiful Loelia harpophylla are now opening their flowers. There was a time when the culture of this plant was not understood. It used to be placed as a rule at the warmest end of the East Indian-house, where it lingered between life and death, usually covered with thrips, and a fruitful source of trouble to the grower, and it was a very expensive plant to purchase at that time. If grown in peat and sphagnum moss in pots, with plenty of water throughout the year, it does well in this house. A. G. Catt, Parkfield Worcesttr. Fruits Under Glass. Pot Vines which have sat their bunches, should have their crop regulated, and the berries thinned. The roots will now be active and able to receive stimulants in the shape of warm liquid manure or clarified soot-water, or surface sprinklings of Thom- son's, or some other artificial manure ; slight top-dressings of turfy loam and fresh horse- drop- pings should also be frequently applied, the pieces of turf ultimately reaching several inches above the rim of the pot. Prepare and put in eyes for next year's supply, one eye in a 60-pot, potting firmly, in February 8, 1390.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 167 rather light sandy anil ; or put on a 4-inch square of turf, give a gentle bottom-heat of fermenting material, place near to glass, and in a temperature of about 5.3°. Yearling canes should be cut close back if they have failed to make fruiting sizes, and be not repotted till growth has commenced again. Early Vinery. — ■ Follow up the details pre- viously given, taking advantage of every bit of sun-heat and light, and on mild days give plenty of fire-heat iu the pipes, and at the same time admit air freely in the front, letting it pass near to the warm pipes, also open the lights a little at the top to get circulation without causing a draught. When the air is keen and frosty, ventilate in reverse order. Keep a look out for adventitious roots on the rods ; if they be seen it is a sign that the ventilation has hitherto been imperfect — probably kept too close — and damp, which if continued, will cause the leaves to become warty on the under side. Disbud and stop shoots at the earliest opportunity, and remove superfluous bunches. Should mealy-bug have previously obtained access to the Vinery, perseverance now will oust him. Eggs which escaped, will now be found de- veloped into the perfect insect, and a touch from a brush dipped iu paraffin oil will kill the pest. Vines planted in outside borders should have their exposed stems well wrapped with hay-bands to protect them from frost ; we once narrowly escaped a catas- trophe by the removal of this covering by birds during a sharp frost. Finish pruning and cleaning midseason and late vineries, and have all in readiness for starting. If a dressing be necessary, use Gishursts' compound, 6 to 8 oz. to the gallon, or the same quantity of soft-soap with a small addition of flowers-of-sulphur. Vineries started now, will ripen their produce in five months. Peaches and Nectarines. — The early house will need constant attention during the setting of the flowers, especially as there has been so little sunshine, and the atmosphere is so damp. Go over the expanded flowers at mid-day with a camels hair brush. As soon as the setting is complete, gradually increase the temperature. Remove at once superfluous and ill-placed fruit, and syringe regularly, securing a bracing, buoyant atmosphere. A second house should be started, and if a bed of fermenting leaves be introduced into the house, the moisture and escaping ammonia will help to swell up the buds. Strawberry- house . — Plants may now be introduced in larger batches, according to demand ; examine the drainage, and remove moss or filth from the surface; dip the plants in a solution of soft-soap and sulphur, afterwards hiving (hem on their sides until they are dry. A little extra heat may be given to those earlier started batches now showing for flower, in order to draw out the flower-scape. La Grosse Bncree Mill lends with us in all points, against Noble, King i if the I Jarlies, and Pauline : (hose already set will now enjoy a shelf near the glass in a succession Pine pit or other warm-house, but are not good inmates (or the vinery, as the early plants are almost always attacked by red-spider. Melon*. — Plants should be now ready for planting, preference being given to large pots for this crop ; build up pedestals of dry bricks on edge, with a large turf on the top to receive the pots, tilling up inter- vening spaces with sweetened fermenting materials ; insert the plant near to the side of the large pot, and leave plenty of space for top-dressing. A stake should be given, and by way of precaution from slugs or damp, a little bit of powdered charcoal around the stem. CveuTnbsr-houss. — Plants do best when grown on the extension system in low pits, with a damp air and the least ventilation ; under such treat- ment they are little troubled with insects. ((Id plants which have been bearing lightly through the winter will now respond to a liberal top-dressing of turfy loam and old Mushroom manure. If grown in pots as advised for Melons, replenish the fermenting materials, and increase the temperature and moisture. Encourage young shoots to stretch out, but do not stop them till several new leaves have been made ; gradually remove a little of the old bearing wood and leaves. The temperature should be 70° at night and 80 to 90 by day. Tomalos grown on as single cordons in 10 or 12-inch pots will ripen iruit early. Hackwood Park, Per- fection, and Ham Green Favourite are good varieties to grow. Prepare for planting out later crops iu soil made firm but not rich. Fiys are now pushing. Use the syringe vigorously, but do not omit to dry the wood daily, or very pro- bably a good number of rustv fruit will be noticed. Keep the temperature at 50° by night, running up to 60° in 65 ' by day. W. Crump, Madresfield Cwrt, Malvern. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Okchaeds. — Pruning should be completed as soon as possible, and where the trees are old, and have been neglected, the first thinning should not be very severe, otherwise the check would defeat the object in view — increased fruitfulness. The centre of the tree must be opened out, to admit light, cutting back some of the main branches, and allowing a quan- tity of young wood to grow on, as this will give vigour to the tree, and the young strong shoots soon become studded with flower-buds, when the trees have been sufficiently opened to admit the light. The final thinning may stand over for another year. Dress the large wounds with lead-coloured paint, and if, as often is the case, moss and lichens abound, scrape the main branches and stems with a piece of hoop-iron, and wash them with a solution of quick- lime, with a little soot put into it to take oil' the glaring whiteness. Any trees which appear to be exhausted may have a heavy mulching of soil and manure ; lacking these materials, road-scrapings and any soil which may be at command will stimulate them. Where the trees are very old, and the ground has become fruit-tree sick, it is much better to plant on fresh ground, either tillage or pasture, first seeing that any needed draining of the land is done, nothing being worse than planting on wet soils ; and the drains must be deep, and near to each other, so as to carry off the water from beneath the lowest roots. Select scions from healthy trees for grafting, and lay them in a cool place out of the reach of sunshine. If it is intended to graft large trees, two year old wood as thick as one's finger answers the best, and the triangular notch method of cutting a stock is superior to cleft grafting for large trees, and of which it indeed is a modification. From the beginning of March till the middle of April is the best time to put on grafts. Wall Trees. — The mild weather is beginning to tell unfavourably upon fruit trees, particularly the Peach, Nectarine, and Cherries against walls. In our climate it is advantageous to keep fruit trees, which often bloom precociously, from bright sunshine at the early part of the season, so that flowering is retarded. Peaches and Nectarines which have been untied or unnailed and supported securely by stakes driven into the soil in front of the wall, will remain untouched until we have a change in the weather. I would repeat this week my advice as to syringing with slaked lime-wash all fruit walls. Syringe once in three weeks any fruit trees that are not too forward in bud with soap-suds, into which a little petroleum has been well stirred. It forms a good preventive of green and black aphis. Apricots will soon be in full bloom. The due protection of the trees must receive atten- tion. V as a protection to wall fruits moveable blinds are the best, and, where these are not available, netting, boughs of Spruce Fir and Yew may be utilised. Plums and Cherries, being of hardier constitution, will bear a few degrees of frost without injury. The weather hitherto has been favourable for the planting of fruit. No newly planted trees should be pruned at present, neither should they be tied or otherwise securely fastened before the soil has subsided. All other pruning should he completed as soon as possible, with the exception of Peaches, Nectarines, and Figs. A. Evans, I, '.hi Bill, Ha The Flower Garden. The Herbaceous Borders. — The continuation of mild weather has caused most of the herbaceous roots to show signs of growth ; therefore, where it is found necessary, dividing and transplanting should now be completed. In preparing the ground for planting or for new borders, let it be trenched, a dressing of well-decayed leaf-mould or manure being given heavy or light, according to its condition. Ascertain before planting a new border the height and nature of growth of each subject, as this should determine the position each will occupy, taking care that each clump of roots, or root be inserted deep enough, so that when the newly-dug soil has subsided, the root-stock is not 1 or 2 inches above the level. Anemones and Persian Ranunculuses may still be planted, and their flowers will form a succession to those planted in October. Protection to Plants. — At the time of writing there is a prospect of frosty weather, and many of the epring-flowering bulbs being in bloom, they may suffer from the effects of frost unless afforded some sort of protection. Hyacinths and Tulips should have a mulching 2 inches thick of half-decayed leaves or Cocoa-nut fibre, and when showing bloom, branches of evergreens may be stuck in thickly between them. All trees or shrubs which are not absolutely hardw- are much safer if a mulch be placed around their roots; this may consist of leaves, litter, or coal-ashes. The varieties of Eucalyptus, which seldom withstand more than 12° of frost, should have their stems covered with hay or straw bands, and where the frost is intense, a double covering of the same, for if the tops are injured, by preserving the stem a fine specimen is still ensured for the coming season. Camellias, Nerium Oleander, Clianthus puniceus, whether on walls or not, should receive protection from mats or evergreen branches, and in no case omitting the mulching at the roots. Shrubberies. — Continue the pruning and thinning of these where such is necessary, and clear out all the rubbish, which may be burnt with the primings, the ashes, when mixed with the leaves, making a capital manure for flower borders. On light soils and where the roots of shrubs and trees are conse- quently near the surface, it is a great mistake to dig the ground at all, an annual hoeing being all that is needed. Where dead leaves are not unsightly, and there is no danger of their being blown out over the lawn, it would be advisable to allow them to remain. Blank spaces should be filled up, and in the case of evergreen plants, remove as much soil with the roots as may be possible ; and in the case of all newly-planted trees or shrubs, secure them to stakes at first provisionally, and after the settling of the soil, permanently. 8 Is, .\i\ — Sow in heat, seeds of Dahlias, Aralias, Chammpeuce, Wigandias, Solatium, Ferdinandia, I '.'iinas, &c. f lace stock plants of Verbenas, Lobe- lias, Ageratums, Fuchsias, Alyssums, &c, in gentle heat, for the production of cuttings. Cuttings strike better if they are taken from plants in a warm tem- perature, and spring-struck plants of all the above are far preferable to autumn ones. Calceolarias, which may have been struck under hand-glasses or in cold frames, should be planted out in cold frames, or where they can be protected. Plant from 4 to G inches apart, in a compost of one- half well-decayed leaf mould, one part loam, and one of common sand, giving plenty of air on all favourable occasions. £>. C. Powell, Powhrham, I The Apiary. The month of January has been very remarkable in many respects. The thermometer has been up and down, and, with the very mild weather, the bees have been out. On some days one would have thought the bees were going to swarm, from the frantic way they were Hying about. From various visits we have paid to the fronts of our hives, it would seem that as yet there has not been much mortality among the bees, as we could find very few dead ones about the entrances. But there may yet be much sharp weather and consequent mortality. It is also evident that some hives have begun to breed. This may be discovered with fair accuracy without opening the hives. If you see particles of wax lying outside the hives, you may be pretty sure that the bees are busy cleaning out cells, and that the queen is laying eggs in them. Though Bights are very good for tin' lues, it must be remembered that a spell of such weather as we have had lately causes stores to materially decrease, and if there is any doubt as to the quantity being sufficient to carry on the bees till April, food must be carefully given. We have said before, that liquid food must not, on any account, be given yet. If you suspect stores are getting short, give the stocks about 3 or 4 lb. of candy each. Do this with as little disturbance as possible, and only in the middle of a fine day. Lift the cover- ings very carefully, and after pulling a little smoke on the bees to keep them down, lay the candy flat down on the frames immediately over the cluster of bees. Cover them all up warm at once. It is, however, a fact, that those bees which do not require nnv attention at this season of the year are the best off, and turn out the best. Though we believe firmly in letting the bees alone as much as possible at this season of the year, you may with great advan- tage frequently pay a visit to the apiary, and hook away dead bees. Bee, 168 THE GAUD EN EltS> CHBONICLE. [Febecary 8, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondent* mill greatly oblige by se?iding to the Editor early intelligence of lorat events likely to be of 'interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munication ■■ should be written on one side only OF the PAP£R, and sent as early in the week as possible. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mirk the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY, Feb. 12 , MEETINGS. I' Royal Horticultural Society : An- nual General Meeting, at 117, Victoria Street, S.W., at 3o'clock; EB' ll< an 1 Fruit. Floral, and Scientific Committees, at the Drill Hall, '. James Street, S.W. 8ALES. „ ... ( Lilium aiiratum, and Hardy Bulbs, '"• lu '( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. (Roses, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at | the City Auction Rooms, by Pro- , . J theroe & Morris. -\Nursery Stock, at The Nurseries, | Wandsworth Common, by Pro- ( theroe & Morris. Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs. Border Plants, Sec, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies. Hardy Bulbs, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. Nursery Stock, at The Woodlands Nursery. Maresrield, near Uck- field, by Protheroe & Morris (two days). 80,000 Liliums in variety from Japan, 20,000 Pearl Tubero es. Orchids in Flower, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. SATURDAY, Fed. 15 ( Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border > Plants, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 39°.l. The annual report of the Royal The Royal Horticultural Society has been ""octet'"111 circulated in anticipation of the general meeting on Tuesday next. In some respects it is a highly satisfactory docu- ment ; in others, less so. It has a defect this year which is unusual in similar documents — it is too modest. In the year 1889, the Council was left pretty much to its general work — the period of revolution, migration, and reconstruc- tion was passed successfully, and the managers had to settle down to their regular work. The work of the Society " cannot be said to have stood still during the year 1889." This is the opening paragraph of the report, and those who know what has been accomplished during the year will agree with us that it is far too modest a statement. Three conferences were held at Chiswick — yes — but what conferences ! — has there been anything like them for utility in the annals of horticulture except the preceding meet- ings of a similar character under the auspices of the same Society ? "We know of none. The ordinary committee meetings have been as good and as interesting as they have been in former years. Much good work also has been done at Chiswick. The Journal of the Society has been published with greater regularity, and its con- tents have been quite up to the average, In former years the contents of the Journal left little to be desired, except as regards regu- larity of publication ; but this sufliced to stop all interest in it, and though the Fellows were entitled to it, they cared so little for it, that they did not even take the trouble to apply for it. Under the new regime, it is sent to the Fellows as it is published, and thus those residing at a distance, and who cannot make use of the Society's garden or attend its meetings, do obtain substantial value for their money. The work that has been done by the Sooiety during the last few years in the matter of fruit culture deserves special recognition, the more so as it has been ignored in some quarters where a different treatment might have been expected — a fact that does not create much confidence in the know- ledge of their business possessed by some who are desirous of taking the lead in these matters. Amongst other things we are told that the Con- ference Report on Apples prepared by Mr. Barron is now published by the Society in a cheap edition, at the cost of Is. 6d. only. The 3 o'clock lectures have been varied and good, but the Drill Hall is not a favourable place lor such gatherings. The financial statement, we are not surprised to see, shows a balance o:i the wrong side, a cir- cumstance that is not to be wondered at, con- sidering the expenditure on the Journal and at Chiswick — expenditure that, we doubt not, will prove remunerative. The Temple show yielded some £408, but the cost was £431. The meetings and Conferences brought in only £29 (!), while the expenses for labour and other matters connected with them amounted in round figures to £13."), to say nothing of the free labour bestowed by many of those interested. Taking the figures as they stand, they are very significant ; the six- teen meetings and the three Conferences, each lasting over two days, cost collectively £135 ; the Temple show (two days) cost £431. Now, so far as pure horticulture goes, those sixteen meetings, or any one of the three Conferences, was far more valuable than the Temple show, fine as it was. We are not disparaging big flower-shows ; they have their advantages ; they are appreciated by a large number of Fellows who are not otherwise much interested in the work of the Society ; they attract the public, and afford the Society an opportunity of showing what it is doing, and they give the commercial exhibitors a chance of doing some business; but when all allowance is made, the disproportion is still very large. The amount spent in advertising might be increased with advantage, especially in the populous neighbour- hood surrounding the garden at Chiswick. It is very evident that the guinea rate of sub- scription will not pay unless a very much larger number of subscribers join the Society, and every effort should be made to induce those interested in horticulture to join the ranks. We are not pleading for charity sake, nor for a Society that has no record, or one that has its reputation to make ; we are invoking aid for the Royal Horticultural Society, as the national representative and exponent of horticulture. Recollecting what its aims and objects are— the advancement of horticulture — we ask boldly what has any other Society accomplished ? what even have all the so-called horticultural societies, put together, done that will ^bear comparison with the work done by the Royal Horticultural Society!' We are, of course, not disparaging other societies — in their way they do good and useful work, but it is work professedly of a more restricted character, ephemeral and spasmodic in duration, devoted rather to the pleasure of the moment and to local interests than to the substantial benefit of horticulture. ( toe has only to turn to book to see this. The re- cords of the Royal Horticultural Society are, from a horticultural standpoint, such as any society might be proud of. What society of like nature can show anything like it ? None. And this has always been so ; in times of turmoil and difficulty the horticultural record has been good. Assuredly, then, the Society has ample claims on the sympathy and assistance of all classes of horticulturists, the special societies, the local societies, the country gentlemen, the dwellers in villadom— all these should supply a large and constant stream of recruits. If the good work the Society has done and is doing could be brought home to these classes, we have no doubt that the Society could not only be maintained on a satisfactory financial basis, but resume those experimental and other researches which have in the past conferred so much honour on it. It would be a marked injustice were we to con- clude this notice without an expression of thanks to the Council for their services during the year, and if we single out the names of the Treasurer, and particularly of the Secretary, for special acknowledgment, it is because their devotioA and their labours have been the theme of universal comment among those who have Ijad the opportunity of watching the proceedings of the Society. Turner Memorial Prizes for i890.— The following prizes are offered by the trustees for the present season. National Tulip Society. Exhibition to be held at Manchester. The date not yet fixed ; probably the last week in May. For six distinct seedling Tulips ; three rectified, ami three breeders : 1st prize, 30s. ; 2nd prize, 20s. For twelve distinct named Tulips, six rectified and six breeders : 1st prize, £3 ; 2nd, £2 ; 3rd, £1. At the Tibshelf Hor- ticultural Society's exhibition the following prizes are offered for Roses, viz. : for twenty-four cut Roses, distinct (amateurs only), 1st prize, £5; 2nd, £3; 3rd, £2. At the autumn exhibition of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural Society, Edinburgh, Sep- tember 10 and 11, twenty-four Dahlia blooms, dis- tinct, show and fancy varieties : 1st prize, £5; 2nd, £3 ; 3rd, £2. Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— a meeting of the committee took place at the Caledonian Hotel, on the .'list ult., Mr. George Deal presiding. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, Mr. A. F. Barron read a list of the special sums sent in since iast meeting, as follows:— Proceeds of aconcert at Worksop, £50 4s. ; Chrysanthemum show at Reigate. £50 ; Chrysauthemum show at Edinburgh, £5 ; from the committee of the Chrysanthemum show at Market Harborough, £1 is. ; and the sum of £10 12s. 3d. from six money boxes, that most active and sympathetic worker, Mr. J. Hughes, of Bir- mingham, leading the way with the sum of £5 8s. Votes of thanks were passed to the contributors tf the above sums. The Hon. Secretary read a letter from Mrs. Wildsmith, of Heckfield, announcing the death of her husband, Mr. William Wildsmith, who was from the first an active worker in the interest of the Fund, and a letter of condolence was ordered to be sent to her. The proceedings closed with the usual vote of thanks to the committee. Railway Rates and Charges.— At the adjourned meeting of the trade held last Friday at the Hotel Windsor, and at which Mr. Harrison, of Leicester, presided, the various objections to classifi- cations lodged by the Nursery and Seed Trade Association were considered, and the names of the witnesses to be called in support of the several objections were selected, February 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 169 Fit). 28. — L.ELIA OOULDIANA : FLOWEES EOSY-CHIMSON. (SEE P. 171.) 170 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE, [February 8, 1890. WORTLEBERRY WlNE.— According to the Zeit- fchrif't fiir Obst. mid Gartenbau in Saxony, a description of wine similar to claret in colour, and made by J. Fromm, Frankfurt-a-Maine, from the Wortleberry, has been brought into notice, and recommended for use in hospitals. KEW " BULLETIN." — The Kew Bulletin for February contains much useful information on the sugar production of the world, in a paper by R. Giffen, Esq., LL.D., Assistant Secretary, Board of Trade, presented to Parliament in May of last year, and issued to the public in June. There are also articles on the Manufacture of Quinine in India, the use of Maqui Berries for Colouring Wine, Vine Culture in Tunis, Phylloxera in Victoria, and the Botanical Exploration of Cuba. Chrysanthemums in Vienna.— Although the first Chrysanthemum exhibition held in Europe was held in Vienna in 1831, so little attention has been bestowed upon the plant in that city that the show organized last autumn was described as a "novelty." About 1000 plants were shown in 1831, belonging to fifty-five different varieties; thisyear the same number of plants represented 400 varieties. The massing of the plants in a large glass rotunda was described as very effective, but nothing of great excellence was noted. Eucalyptus globulus Seeding.— So far as we know, the fruiting of Eucalyptus globulus in the open air in these islands is extremely rare ; but we have received lately some well-developed seed- vessels of the plant from Mr. Roberts, gardener at Tan-y-bwlch, North Wales. These were gathered from trees which were raised from seeds sown in March, 1882, planted out in the following May, and have re- mained unprotected ever since. They are now stately trees. That these rather tender trees stand out-of-doors and bear fruit speaks much for the mildness of the climate of the district in which they grow ; but there are many other places in south-west England and Wales, and in Ireland, where an equally mild climate prevails, and where Eucalyptus globulus and E. coccifera may be planted with safety. Wilts Horticultural Society.— The usual annual dinner of the Wilts Horticultural Society was held on the evening of the 31st nit , at the Council House, Salisbury, the Mayor presiding. After the dinner, the business of re-electing the Society's officials, and reading a statement of the state of its affairs, together with the passing of a vote of thanks to the Honorary Secretary, Mr. H. W. Williams, brought the meeting to a satisfactory conclusion. Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce.— On Friday evening, February 7, at the Society's Rooms, John Street, Adelphi, London, W.C., a paper on " The Utility of Forests and the Study of Forestry," will be read by Dr. Schlich. The chair will be taken at 5 o'clock by Major-General J. Michael, C.S.I. Arum Lilies in the Open Air.— The con- ditions of cultivation adopted for a particular plant in a northern climate would naturally require modi- fication to a greater or lesser extent when that plant is introduced to a southern spot. The mild, uncer- tain atmospheric influences of the latter have to be taken into consideration equally as much as the austerity and extremity of the former. The methods adopted by gardeners in one part of the country are naturally of great interest to those of the fraternity who have to battle with conditions widely different. For this reason, therefore, if for no other, the following account of Arum Lilies at Scilly will be read with interest:— To see Arums growing in their native beauty one should (writes a correspondent) visit the islands of Scilly, where they are evergreen ; before the old leaves die away, the young ones come on to take their place. In good damp soil the plants attain to the height of from 4 to 5 feet, and so congenial is the climate that a moderately-sized root will in three years form a fine clump, composed of half-a-dozen or more flowering crowns and scores of offsets, each of which will, if planted, soon make nice plants. In fact, it is a hard matter to clean the ground after it has been planted with Arums for three or four years. The time of blooming extends from Christmas to midsummer. Sometimes they give out two crops of spathes in one season. Last year I had a fine batch, with the spathe showing white early in January. A sharp hoar-frost cut them all off; but they threw out fresh growth, and flowered freely in June. At the present time they are throwing up their spathes again. I have a friend who has been cutting for the last fortnight from growths in the open air, during which time he gathered one with a double spathe. Their culture is exceedingly simple, as they do very well in almost any ordinary soil ; but the flowers are generally liner and better developed by an occasional watering with liquid manure. They must, however, be grown in a perfectly open spot, where they have not only the advantage of sun when in flower, but also when " at rest." NUTS.— The male catkins and female blossoms are remarkably numerous, says a correspondent, on the Nut bushes in some districts of Kent, and alarm is felt by many that the extreme earliness of the bloom may result in a poor crop of Nuts, many female blooms being already fully expanded. Many more letters than we are able to publish have reached us, stating facts connected with the earliness of the bloom on the Hazel and its varieties, but in none do we find any notice of the flowpring of the Byzantine Nut. Corylus Colurna. London Geological Field Class.— A course of four lectures on " The Tertiary Rocks on which London Stands," will be delivered by Professor H. G. Seely, F.R.S., on February 15, and the three fol- lowing Saturday afternoons, at four o'clock, by the kind permission of the Gresham Committee, at the Gresham College, Rasinghall Street. Mildness of the Season.— As proofs of the unusual mildness of weather prevailing over these islands, we have received from Mr. P. Barr flowers of a new species of Narcissus, N. cyclamineus, with small tubular flowers of a bright golden yellow — a very pretty subject for pot culture ; Crocus Susianus, charming, deep orange-coloured flowers; C. Sieberi, purple blossoms, short in the petals, with con- spicuous yellow anthers ; and Galanthus Elwesii, one of the very best of Snowdrops. From Cork, Mr. B. Hartland sends a Japan Berberis, with a yellow ri^pe of flowers, deliciously fragrant. At Kew the plant refuses to bloom out-of-doors, so says our correspondent, but in Ireland it is different. The now well-known Ard High Daffodil came from the same place. This is certainly our earliest variety. In the neighbourhood of London the bloom-buds are prominent, but not open. Other Daffodils in bloom at Cork are North Star, Saragossa, Minerva, vasi- formis? pallidus pmecox, bicolor pr.tcox ; and of other things, mention may be made of Chionodoxa Lucill.-v, Hepaticas, Aconite, and Triteleia. THE ATTAR OF ROSES— Kose water is exten- sively made in India. At Ghazipore, in Bengal, there are hundreds of acres laid out for the purpose. The harvest is in March and April, and the result of the distillation is to supply about one quart of Rose-water from each thousand of the blooms ; but adulteration is very much resorted to, oil of Sandal wood being the medium, and the people of India do not seem to mind much whether they get the odour of the Rose or the Sandal for their money. It is comparatively cheap where it is made, costing 2s. or 3s. a quart even when unadulterated. Otto or attar of Roses is much more important and expensive. The origin of this condensed perfume is told in one of the romantic stories of the East. It is said that Moorjehan Begcm, the favourite wife of Jekan- Geer, was walking in her garden, through which ran a stream of Rise-water, when she noticed some oily particles floating on the surface. She had them skimmed off, and their aroma was found to be so delicious, that means were devised to produce the precious essence in a more regular way. The method is an extension of that which is used to produce Kose-v/ater, but it takes 1000 bushes to supply about 2 oz. of attar, and its value is seldom less than £20. At that price, and unadulterated, it is sold mainly to Europeans, while in a less pure form it is vended in the native bazaars. It is bought by the Westerns, however, for manufacturing purposes, and not to be used in its pure condition. Kent County Chrysanthemum Society. — The second annual meetingoftheabove Society was held at the Rink, Blackheath, on Thursday, January 30, and at which there was a good attendance of members. S. S. Bryaxt, Esq., in the absence of their esteemed President, F. W. Prior, Esq., took the chair. After the annua' leport, and the very satisfactory financial statement for 1889 had been read by the Honorary Secretary, Mr. Nekds, and adopted, the officers and members of the committee of last year, with one addition, were unanimously re-appointed. Sugges- tions were made to celebrate the centenary year by a suitable prize, and a trophy fund was duly started. The usual vote of thanks to the chairman terminated the meeting. SHOW FIXTURES. — The spring or early summer exhibition of the Reading Horticultural Society is fixed for June 4, and the autumn show for August 27. The Beading Chrysanthemum Society's show has been fixed for Thursday, November 13 ; and the Kichinond (Surrey) spring show is announced for March 18 and 19. The annual show of the Brighton and Hove Chrysanthemum Society has been fixed for November 4 and 5. ORCHIDS.— Orchids to the number of 1000 from the collection at Blenheim Palace, were offered for sale by Mr. John' PorE, of the firm of Messrs. Pope & Sons, horticultural auctioneers, Birmingham, on the 2flth ult. Amongst them were some rare species in flower, and for which there was a keen competition, notably plants in flower of Odontoglos- sum Ruckerianum, and Cypripedium niters. There was a good attendance of buyers, and fair average prices were obtained. Early Flowering Shrubs.— From Coombe Wood, Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons kindly send us shoots of various shrubs, viz , Hamanielis japonica, Japanese Witch Hazel, the brown calyces and long yellow lilamentaceous flowers in clusters — very singular looking; II. j. arborea has dull brown and orange flowers, more densely set on the shoots than is the case with the first named species ; Chimonanthus grandiflorus with inconspicuous primrose yellow and purple blossoms sparsely set on the young wood, Amygdalus Davidiana alba, white flowers showing abundantly on shoots two feet in length ; Lonicera Standislii, the earliest of the honeysuckles to bloom ; Pieris japonica (Andromeda), now opening profusely its pearly flowers in long racemes ; and lastly, Cydonia (Pyrus) japonica Moorloozi, not differing much from P. japonica, excepting that the tint is somewhat softer. M. R. C. AFFOURTIT.— Many of our readers will hear with regret of the death of M. R. C. Affourtit, one of the editors of the Dutch gardening periodical, Setnpervirais, and which occurred on Saturday, February 1, at the age of 03 years. The United Horticultural Benefit and PROVIDENT SOCIETY.— The annual meeting of the above society will take place at 8 p.m. on Monday, at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, W.C. Febbuaby 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 171 L.ELIA GOULDIAXA. We herewith give our readers an illustration (fig. 28) of this beautiful winter flower, taken from a specimen which was in bloom last Christmas, and about the beginning of this Tear, in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., MP., the President of the Royal Horticultural Society, at Burford Lodge, Dorking. The plant in question had ten spikes, bearing together over forty flowers, their bright rosy-crimson sepals, petals, and labellum present a glowing piece of colour which would be attractive at any season of the year ; but is doubly so in the middle of winter, when all outside the houses is in sombre garb. The plant, an introduction of Messrs. Siebrecht & Wadley, of New York, has frequently been men- tioned in our columns, and its merits fully dis- cussed. Lffilia Gouldiana is the best of its section which has yet appeared, and it has been found easy to cultivate it in company with its eovfi . 1. autumnalis, L. anceps, &c. THE LATE WILLIAM WILD- SMITH. Since the unexpected death of the late John Woodbridge, of Syon, one of our best known gar- deners, there has been no member of the gardening fraternity whose decease, so unlooked for, has created more interest or elicited wider sympathy than has that of William Wildsmith, of Ileckfield, at the comparatively early age of 6fty-two years. Most deservedly ranking amongst our best gardeners, he, by dint of singular energy and force of character, had developed into one of the most widely known. Pro- bably hardly a living gardener is better known than he was, and few will grudge him the reputation. Whilst possessed of Borne peculiarities which might under other circumstances have developed into marked eccentricities, yet those who thoroughly understood him and realised his singularly energetic character, and fully knew his undoubted goodness of heart, will have no difficulty in admitting that originality and force were in him bucIi marked features as to excuse trivialities or defects not worth dwelling upon. We are rather concerned with un- doubted virtues, with unquestioned capacities, and these in Mr. Wildsmith were very marked. His character was eminently impressed on the gardens where for over twenty- two years he was the presiding genius. Myriads of horticulturists found their way to Ileckfield from time to time, and all came away charmed and delighted. The soul of the man was impressed in his work, and that work was some of the best and most perfect to be found in British gardening. Born at Bradford, in Yorkshire, of which town the deceased sometimes referred to as his " native village," he brought all the acuteness and vigilance of the Yorkshireman into his profession. His first entry into actual gardening life seems to have been in the famous Suffolk gardens of Shrubland, where under a Mr. Taylor he first developed that taste for garden flower-bedding, which dis- played itself in such beautiful lorm later at Ileck- field. Later he was at Woolverstone with the veteran Sheppard, who is still there; also at Powis Castle, Welshpool, with Brown ; after that at Chirk Castle, Denbigh, with another Brown ; then at Wynnstay with a gardener named Bell; and finally he went to Ileckfield, first as foreman under Diverri- house, and subsequently under Short, whom he early succeeded as head gardener at Christmas, I >7. That would make his service as gardener to Viscount Eversley first, and later to the Honourable Miss Shaw Lefevre, to have been a little over twenty-two years. It is worthy of note that Mr. Wildsmith survived his esteemed employer Lord Eversley just thirteen months. As was mentioned last week, he was the victim of an accident, which, nearly fatal in its effects at the time, distressingly affected his health always after. Driving home from Winch- field one dark night when returning from London, the horse shied at some object in the road, turning the cart over, and throwing Mr. Wildsmith and his then foreman, Mr. W. Laes, into a ditch. The younger man escaped unhurt, but the elder one was so injured in the back, that it was long before he recovered ; indeed, to the last, the injury then in- flicted made him a living martyr to pain. In spite of this affliction, however, his energy never quailed. Enthusiastic in his love for garden- ing, sufferings which would have proved too much for less ardent men, seemed only to stimulate him to increased exertions, and he worked and went about here and there, and literally everywhere, with an energy which was truly surprising. Only the most exacting of duties or physical weakness kept him from attending the meetings of the Fruit Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and of which he long was a member. He also furnished several papers to the Society's conferences and meetings, and was active at the Apple and 1'ear Conferences, especially also during the past year at the Vegetable and Chrysanthemum Conferences. His admirable abilities kept him in great request as a judge at horticultural shows, and through these engagements, apart from his Ileckfield friendships, he made numerous acquaintances in all parts of the kingd' in In years past he often showed how well fruit was grown at Ileckfield. and if later he did not compete, it was chiefly because his physical weakness could not bear the strain. The beauty of the flower gardens at Ileckfield, and the singularly admirable way in which every department was kept, came to be regarded as household words ; and literally people by thousands flocked to see the place during the summer season. There are many far more pre- tentious gardens than Ileckfield is, but none are more beautifully kept. Most happy in his relations with his employers, who entertained for him the warmest regard, he was also exceedingly successful in securing the esteem of those under him, and from Ileckfield have gone forth during the past twenty years several first-class gardeners. Beyond his well-known professional capacity, he was also endowed with exceeding good nature and large-heartedcess. For years a subscriber to tin' Gardeners' Benevolent Fund ; on the promotion of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund he threw himself into the work with zeal, and became, as a local secretary, a most valuable helper. We are constrained to say that few gardeners will be more missed than will be William Wildsmith, Shortly after his appointment as gardener at Beck field he married Helena, daughter lilifr, Mr. Tate, who survives him. He leaves no chilli' ii. - — Few that have had the happiness of the per- sonal acquaintance, or been associated in any enter- prises with our late friend, but must pause to express regret at his death, and test to his marvellous euergy, and surpassing ability and worth. liver since the serious gig accident that so severely shat- tered him some time since, he worked against and mastered physical dillicullies that would have vanquished most men, and yet possibly some of his best work in the garden and through the press has been done since his accident. Mr. Wildsmith was as worthy of our esteem as a man, as of our admiration as a gardener. Nothing could move him from liis devotion to conviction, truth, and duty, within the domain of social or moral life, nor stop him in his onward progress towards the perfecting of the art of gardening. Whatever he did, he did with all his might, and in his own thorough-going way, Beeking the elevation of gardeners and the improve- ment of gardening. The two objects could hardly be said to be separated in his widely cultured im- pulsive mind. The better the instrument the higher the work that may reasonably be expected from it, was probably the unspoken formula on which he based his lifelong labours for the elevation of gar- deners through temperance, higher education, the best object lessons in the garden, and other ameliorative agencies. Though we are all the poorer for the loss of such a man, fortunately much of his best work still remains to us in print, and the memory of his taste and genius, and not a little of his most valuable horticultural work at Heckfield, will long live in the minds of his fellows, and will doubtless prove a source of strength and inspiration to the younger men who can hardly fail to have imbibed some of his character and enthusiasm as they grew up into wise men in horticulture, beneath the daily fostering of his wide experience. D. T. Fish. Nursery Notes. MESSRS. R. B. LAIRD & SONS. A visit to the Royal Winter Garden Nursery of Laird & Sons' at West Coates, Edinburgh, is a treat to lovers of plants and flowers that may be equalled in a few cities, and surpassed in none out of London. This is especially true in mid-winter — the time when these notes were taken — when the spacious and handsome conservatory abounds in richly varied masses of forced flowers and foliage plants adapted to meet the large requirements of Edinburgh society then at home in the city. In few establishments is forcing done more suc- cessfully than here. The success is due in a large extent to the special fitness of the equipments pro- vided for the work, but the management is also faultless, as may be seen in the perfect specimens of Lilac aud of Lily of the Valley and other flowers blooming before their time, and so profusely aud taste- fully displayed iu the great show-house. Lilac, judging from the great number of plants in bloom, and of others in the forcing-houses in various stages of progress, and the large reserve of finely-budded stock standing in a cool-house, waiting to be drafted into the forcing-house, must he a great favourite with the fashionable customers of the firm. It is most in demand, it appears, in the form of cut sprays, and pays well thus, but sells sparingly, and is not profitable when the plants themselves are bought outright. Behind the Koyal Winter Garden are situated the numerous stoves, greenhouses, offices, and workshops of the establishment, in compact and orderly array, in the form of a square. The arrange- ment is unique in its way. To economise space, the counting-house, boiler-house, packing-sheds, store- house, joiners'-shop, coach-house, and stables, occupy tin- ground-level on three sides of the square. Above these buildings is erected a suite of fine span-roofed plant-houses, the floors of which rest on iron beams, and are rendered damp-proof by cement, so as to prevent water from penetrating to the buildings underneath. Access to these plant houses is obtained from the ground level by flights of steps. Some little extra work is, no doubt, caused by this arrange- ment of the major portion of the plant houses, but there are countervailing advantages. The site is almost wholly surrounded by lofty dwelling-houses, which, had the plant-houses been built on the ground level, would have overshadowed them more or less in summer as well as ia winter. But in their com- paratively elevated position they receive a fair amount of light at all seasons, are removed from the influence of dust from the busy thoroughfares that bound two sides of the place, and are, by reason of their dryness and airiness, model wintering houses for the various classes of stock that find shelter in them. These elevated houses are filled chiefly with hard-wooded plants. One of the first to be entered in the suite, we found, coutained an excellent collection of New Holland plants and Ericas in fine saleable condition. Messrs. Laird find a growing taste for these springing up among their customers, and experiencing some difficulty in getting orders made up, even iu London, when wanted, determined a few years ago to add a collection of them to their own stock. Two kng 172 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [February 8, 1890. houses immediately beyond the New Holland-house are filled with half and full specimen Azalea indica, Composed of the best of the old and modern varieties. We have rarely seen a more satisfactory collection of Azaleas. The plants are models in form, without objectionable stiffness, with foliage deep green in colour, perfectly clean, and every shoot tipped with flower-buds. The north house is a large one devoted entirely to greenhouse Rho- dodendrons, mostly young, and in fine saleable condition ; but many also are of half and full specimen sizes. The collection is very complete, and contains the best of the older species and varieties, and the newer hybrids, such as Lord Wolseley, Princess Christian, Scarlet Crown, Willianisii, &c. The remaining three or four houses in this elevated range are devoted to Pelargoniums of the various popular sections, and which are well represented and grown. The houses and pits on the ground level within the square consist of stoves, propagating-houses, and cool store-houses for miscellaneous stock, and also for Ferns. Une, the roof of which was almost covered with a plant of Lapageria alba — the mother of hundreds of others in pots which were staged beneath it — in various sizes, from layers recently potted up to established plants in 6 and 7-inch pots. The house contained besides a number of fine Cordyline in- divisa. Another house noted was admirably adapted as a plant stove, and contained a splendid collec- tion of Crotons and Dracxnas in the best possible condition. Selections of these plants are grown, which, being mostly well known to readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, we refrain from particularising. Some fine and rare Palms formed striking objects in this house, viz., Ceroxylon niveum, Livistonia ro- tundifolia, and Astrocarya mexicana, along with the Palm-like Pandanads, Carludovica elegans, and C. Drudei, each in well-developed plants. In a cool- house hard by my attention was arrested by a fine specimen of the rare and elegant Dracxna indivisa variegata, which is certainly one of the most refined- looking and graceful of variegated plants. Table plants of the most popular kinds, new and rare Ferns, both stove and greenhouse, and miscel- laneous flowering stove plants, occupied other houses, which could only be glanced at sufficiently to carry away the impression that at every point there was evidence of enterprise and cultural skill. Pinkhill. This branch nursery lies about 2 miles westward from the West Coates and the western limit of the suburb. It may be described as the laboratory of the firm, for here the supplies are chiefly reared for the ornamental departments. Few nurseries, espe- cially in Scotland, are better situated as regards soil, aspect, shelter, and drainage. Some 40 acres have recently been added to the nursery area, so as to enable the extending requirements of the business to be met in a satisfactory manner, and the whole extent of nursery ground amounts to more than GO acres. It is laid out on sunny slopes, and con- sists of a fine loamy soil, and is well protected on the north and east by wooded hills. The older part of the nursery in which the houses, to the number of about fifteen are built, was to the enthusiastic florist of twenty-five or thirty years ago a horticul- tural treasure house, and to which he was wont to journey annually for the newest and best Holly- hocks, Dahlias, and other floral gems. Florists' flowers are still a specialty of the firm, but to a lesser extent than formerly. The ground formerly devoted to them is now occupied by shrubs and trees, and amongst them are some rare Conifers that are often regarded as being unsuitedto the climate of Edinburgh, but which thrive well here. All the forms of Retinospora are luxuriant and of perfect colour ; Abies grandis and Pieea lasio- carpa, P. Parryana, Pinus aristata, and others of similar constitution exhibited vigorous and well matured growth. Ulearia Haasti, which is not one of the most successful plants in these parts, was noted in an open quarter growing as vigorously as young Thorns, and the unusually large stock on hand of the plant, young and old, suggested that there must be a considerable demand for it for planting in suit- able quarters. About 8 acres are devoted to fruit trees, of which there is a very healthy stock of varieties of Apples, Plums, Pears, and Cherries, in the open quarters, while on the long stretches of walls were Apricots and Peaches, of good form and in fine health. The houses are chiefly adapted to propagating and growing on young stock, and forcing flowers. Young Palms, such as Kentias, Arecas, Seaforthias, and others, best suited for table decoration, are reared here in large numbers. Chrysanthemums — of which about 5000 are grown annually for the cut flower trade of the firm — are also largely propagated to meet extensive plant orders, especially in new and scarce varieties, and potting for these purposes was being actively pushed on at the time of my visit. In one lofty house in which hardy flowering shrubs were being forced, noble specimens of Rhododendrons Sir Joseph Whitworth, maculosum, Auguste van Geert, Michael Waterer, Prince of Wales, See., were being pushed into flower. They were freely set with buds, and averaged 10 to 12 feet in height. Imantopliyllum, in all the improved varieties occupy a large space. They are being found valuable as room and corridor plants, either in or out of flower. Their characteristic style of foliage, aud their disregard of draughts, and even drought, when growth is finished, render them favourites with those who have once given them a trial. But I must close with the remark that my visit to these excellent nurseries afforded as much pleasure as instruction, and cannot fail to do the same to other southern visitors to Edinburgh. W. S. Plants and Their Gulture. The Plant Stove. — The temperatures given for last month, viz., 00° at night, with a rise of 10a by day, will still apply generally, and especially in cold sunless weather; and it is not safe to keep the warmth too high, for fear that we may have severe weather, with cutting winds, during February. Admit, when it is safe to do so, a little air about noon, it being of great benefit to the plants. Preparations should now be made for re-potting and top-dressing, but ere the work begins everything required should have been got in readiness, such as soils, which should have been got under cover some time ago, aud suitable com- posts prepared for the different kinds of plants. When everything is ready, the work of potting, See., is much better done in the houses than in the potting-shed if that be far away. Over-potting, should be most carefully avoided, especially of Palms and similar subjects. I have often seen these plants in pots double the size they required, and in such cases the ill-health induced was fatal to them. Let beginners anxious to grow their plants quickly take warning, and not afford a plant a larger shift than is really required. It is also advisable, when practicable, to take one genus of plants, and repot or top-dress them, as by this method of doing the work, the potting material employed can be slightly varied to suit different requirements. Most hard-wood stove plants and Palms require to be firmly potted, and the drainage to be carefully put into the tubs and pots, clean pots and crocks being employed. If a doubt should exist as to the desirability of shifting a plant, it is much better not to repot, but to carefully supply manures to such. Dracamas, Palms, Eucharis, and Crotons, should have bone-dust added to the compost, and a few half- inch bones should be placed above the drainage ; and for quick-growing plants, like Caladiums and Gloxinias, some decayed manure should always be added to the compost. Crotons should have a large percentage of good, fibrous, yellow loam, and bones in the compost, and all old ties and stakes removed and made good at this time. Marantas, Ixoras, and Dipladenias need a large proportion of peat and some lumps of char- coal, with plenty of coarse silver sand. Any plants deficient in roots should be induced to make roots by the aid of mild bottom-heat. This plan cannot always be adopted in the stove, but a small pit or forcing-house may be utilised for the purpose. Carefully water all repotted plants, and keep the stove rather close for a time, and when all the work is done the warmth may be slightly raised, both day and night, and in fine weather, the air of the house should be kept moister. Any climbers in the house should have some new compost added to the borders or pots in which they are growing, and the top growth should be regulated, and new ties given. The glass and woodwork should be thoroughly cleaned, and the house re-arranged. A few pots of early Gloxinias may te started, also Achimenes, if required early, but they are best later on, if not specially required. The Gloxinias should get bottom-heat to start them. G. Wythes, Si/on House, Brentford. EPIPHYLLUMS, AND THEIR PROPAGATION (Fig. 29). These are the most generally grown and the most useful genus in the large family of Cactuses ; and considering the ease with which they can be grown and multiplied, it is not surprising that they should be found in gardens where few others are cultivated. Moreover, they flower in winter, and can be had in (lower practically when they are required. As is well known, small pieces of the branchlets root readily in the ordinary way as cuttings ; but owing to the loose trailing habit of the plant, unless they are then grown in baskets or otherwise elevated, such plants are not seen to an equal advantage, as when they are grafted on stocks from 9 to 18 inches high. Although they can be readily grafted on almost any member of the Cactus family for general purposes, the strong growing Pereskias are considered to be the most suitable for tall specimens. V. Bleo is best, being a stronger grower than the more commonly employed P. aculeata. The operation itself is ex- ceedingly simple, indeed, so much so that the operator may indulge in any fashion which may suit his purpose, with an equal certainty of success, pro- vided he firmly secures the graft in an incision made in the stock. The entire length of the stock may be grafted with branchlets, but as I believe that standards are the most effective form to grow, a few pieces inserted round the top of a stock, with one good piece as a terminal, will be sufficient — or perhaps a terminal bit alone. After having detached suitable pieces from the parent plant, make the base of the branchlet slightly wedge-shaped, and with a sharp knife cleave the crown, and make as many longitudinal slits in the stock as there are pieces to be grafted. The slits may be held slightly open with the blade or handle of a budding-knife while the grafts are being put in ; and the tension of the stock is often sufficient to keep them in position without any further fixing; but a handy and ready means of fixing them is by transfixing them with one of the Pereskia spines ; or, failing that way, they may be tied on. It is not necessary, nor even desirable, that the stocks be rooted before being grafted. Not only does previous rooting involve a loss of time, but the strong, ripened shoots of the last growth are in better condition for working than when further solidified during the process of rooting. Cut up the shoots to the required length, then insert the number of grafts thought desirable in the manner advised, and pot each stock in a small pot, placing them all in the propagating house or in any fairly moist pit where the temperature ranges about 65°, and where in the course of a few weeks the stocks will have rooted, and the grafts become united to them. In order to make the most of them, they should soon afterwards be shifted into slightly larger pots, and tolerably larger heads may be grown in 48s. It is advisable to afford the plants a tempera- ture of about that recommended for propagation , when, if all goes well, they should make nice decora- tive plants in the space of one year. As the autumn approaches, less heat and moisture must be given, and at the saw time more air, until they are February S, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 173 in a state of comparative rest, when a temperature of 50° would be ample. From quarters such as these the plants may be brought on into flower in succes- sion by putting them into more warmth. After the plants have done flowering, growth should be encou- raged in the manner advised for the previous season. The Pereskia is a vigorous rooting plant, and, with ordinary care, may be kept in good condition for several years ; but when the heads get large and top-heavy, it is advisable to break them np for stock. Although the Cactus is not particular as to soil, a compost of good loam with enough sharp sand mixed in it to render it porous, and a good sprinkling of old lime mortar-rubbish, is a good mixture. The drainage should be good. Either of truncatum, but the prevailing colours are shades of red or rose, sometimes nearly white, and others with violet-purple markings. E. Russellianum has been ranked as a species; it is a distinct and desirable plant, especially the form called E. R. superbum. Another distinct form, with stellate flowers like a Cereus, and supposed to be a garden hybrid, is E. Grertneri, which I believe to be the same thing as the plant introduced as Makoyanum; it is a very desirable plant, and should be included in every collec- tion of Epiphyllums. When these plants are grown on their own roots considerable care must be taken not to overwater them, as they are strictly speak- ing leafless, succulent plants, few of which require much water, particularly when in a low tempera- ture. F. R. i FlO. 20.— EPIPHYLLUM TRUNCATUM GRAFTED ON A PERKSKIA STOCK. (SEE P. 172.) the 1'ereskias named will make shoots in a season, abont 12 or 14 feet long, so that comparatively few plants will suffice for a large number of stocks. Iri'l'p,], as an intermediate-house climber, these, when grafted their full length, make handsome objects when in flower; and if only wanted for cut- ting, a large quantity of flowers can be cut from such plants. Epiphyllums are also capital subjects for planting on rustic walls, in a similar way to that often practised with Ferns, but they dislike much decaying material about their roots, preferring to cling rather closely to the wall, with just enough covering over the roots to prevent their being dried up ; of course, in this case there is no need for grafting, but plant goodly-sized pieces, and see that they are firmly fixed in position. There are a great many varieties of Fpiphyllum, mostly of the species Home Correspondence. PANSIES AND VIOLAS.— Amongst the names of florists' flowers to put on trial at Chiswick during the present year, I was pleased to find Pansies and Violas specially mentioned. These subjects are really beautiful, and will well repay the grower for any attention he may give them. I hope that some of the growers from the North who cultivate them extensively will send good collections, so that we may have an opportunity of seeing what may be termed a representative collection. Beautiful as the Pansies are, I think the Violas are of more con- sequence, being so much more valuable than those for bedding purposes, having also colours that are more decided, and flowering more freely. I would suggest that not less than six plants (more if possible) of each sort of Viola be planted together in short lines, as a better idea will thus be arrived at, for what particular purpose each sort is best adapted ; for instance, some which are of dwarf, compact habit, should be chosen for edging or lines, while stronger or straggling growers would be more useful for massing, or to furnish cut flowers. The time is at hand when the planting of Violas, where they are intended to flower through the summer, must be performed. I should advise early planting — say in March — if the weather be favourable, so that the plants may obtain good hold of the soil before the warm weather commences. In cases where Poly- anthus or other spring flowers occupy the beds the Violas are intended to fill during the summer, the best result will be obtained by taking the Violas out of the beds where they have been struck, planting them in a border, at about 4 inches apart. Then, in May, when the beds are cleared of the spring bedding, carefully transplant them, with as much soil as pos- sible, into their summer quarters ; and if the weather be dry at the time, give the soil a thorough water- ing, and, if possible, a mulching also. The Viola should especially commend itself to those who have a large flower garden to furnish, and but little glass accommodation, as the plants require no protection during the winter. T. F. J)., Valentines. PEACH DYMOND.— In the Mote Park Gardens, Maidstone, I recently had the opportunity of view- ing a very heavy set of fruit of the above variety of Peach. This Peach has been referred to in these pages by different gardeners as being excellent for cultivation out-of-doors ; but Mr. Davis speaks of it as being a good forcer. I was told that it had cropped constantly for several seasons at the Mote, and last year about fifteen dozen of fine large fruits were gathered early in May. The tree promises to be equally prolific this year. The variety has a hardy constitution, resists mildew better than some others, and promises to become still better known and grown both indoors and out. H. Markham. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSUS.— The plant which is here, was raised from seed gathered by me in the Albula Pass, Switzerland, in September, 1868. It grows freely in the lower part of the pass in open spaces amidst Pine woods, and is covered with red berries, so as to resemble masses of pink coral. I had the privilege of an introduction to the late Pro- fessor Heer, of Zurich, from whom I learnt the name. It was planted in a similar position here — an open space between Scots Fir. Unfortunately the soil is very dry, and, though it grew well and flowered, I have only twice seen a few small bunches of red berries, and, therefore, destroyed the shrub some years ago. Since the correspondence in your columns I have noticed three seedlings. A dead Scots Fir has been uprooted which opened the soil nearly 4 feet deep. Potatos were grown last year with dung and lime, and this year I have planted one of the seedlings, and hope for a better show of berries in a few years. To give you an idea how dry the soil is, there was a Picea Nordmanniana grow- ing well, but it came to the front too much in a border where there are bulbs and small shrubs. It was decided to lift it and move it further back. My man dug around it, and could not find any roots until .'! feet below the surface, where a tap root which was much the same size below the ground that the trunk was above began to spread out, so the tree, which was 15 feet high, was destroyed. The root appeared to have gone down in search of moisture. I have no doubt that berries form on the Elder, but we have so many songsters here —a great contrast to the silent woods in Switzerland. H. /?., R.N. OUTDOOR BULBS AND THE BULB MITE.— GaT- deners, myself included, are often contributing their experience to your valuable paper with respect to their successes and failures in cultivatingtheEucharis after they have been attacked by the mite. I find you add a foot-note to your correspondent, " W. II. Stephens," January 25, wherein you state with great truth, " The mite is common on other bulbs." But I do not remember ever reading any correspondence on the above heading. I am well aware that the follow- ing species of bulbous plants are subject to its attack, viz., Eucharis, Amaryllis, Valottas, Pancratiums, &c. But the attack of the mite on the outdoor species of bulbs was unknown to me until last spring, when on taking up a quantity of Hya- cinths, Tulips, &c, which had been planted very deep, and which had each year become weaker, 174 THE GA I? DEXEB S* CHI? 0 XI CL E. [February 8, 1890. and the blooms smaller in consequence. I attributed this to the deep planting, as I thought the bulbs did not come to that state of maturity which is essential for good blooming. I found a great many of them were decayed, and on examining them I found, by the aid of a lens, that they were infested with the mite; in fact, some of the Hyacinths were partially devoured by them. I had the bulbs conveyed to the kitchen garden and washed in the same composition, and treated in every way as recommended by me for the Eucharis in a previous number of the Gardeners' Chronicle, and afterwards laid out in the full sun, allowing them to remain in that position for a month, when they were stored in drawers until again required for plauting. I found at planting time that these bulbs were in a sound and ripe condition, and not a single mite was perceptible. The bulbs which were the worst in- fested had previously been selected and thrown away. Thinking possibly there might be some of the depre- dators left in the beds, a good dressing of lime and soot was given them before digging the beds, and a pinch of the same mixture was put into each hole when planting the bulbs in the autumn, as I find this is the best remedy for maggot and grub-infested land. I therefore strongly recommend your corre- spondent, " D.," to try this simple remedy for his Narcissus bulbs, which are attacked by the Narcissus- fly (Merodon Narcissi). Just as the bulbs were peeping through the soil, I took out a few of them, and found they were in a satisfactory condition. Alfred Bishop. HARDY FRUIT CULTURE. — Your comments upon the course proposed to be taken by the Fruiterers' Company in relation to the disposal of its after all very small subscription sum of £1600, fully justifies my strictures upon an absurd proposal made at the Fruit Conference, held at the Crystal Palace last October. There, when it was proposed to give the Fruiterers' Company a vote of thanks for what it proposed doing, and suggested that the vote was far more fitly due to the Royal Horticultural Society for what it had done in relation to fruit culture. Now after an immense amount of bunkum has been uttered in regard to the grand purposes of the Fruiterers' Company, we learn that the sum it has collected— only £1600 out of the expected sum of £5000— is to be handed over to the Royal Agricul- tural Society — of all bodies — for disposal. Nothing could be more absurd, because the Royal Agricul- tural Society cares no more for fruit culture than for flower culture, and, as a body, it is almost abso- lutely ignorant of what is fruit culture. If the money is to be expended in prizes for orchards, &c, it will be simply squandered. It is not prizes but practical teaching which the farming element needs, and if the fund could 1 have been large enough to establish a travelling fruit lectureship, no doubt great good would in that way be accomplished. But it would require a big sum to found that desideratum. The best thing, therefore, would be to utilise the sum thus raised for the purpose of spread- ing broadcast such information on the subject as may be available for the benefit of the farmer, small amateur, and cottager sections of the community, Mr. Wright's prize essay, Messrs. Eyre & Spottis- woode's new hardy fruit pamphlet, Mr. Badger's prize essay of several years since, Sir J. Paxton's Cottagers' Calender — in fact, there is no lack of cheap books which, written specifically for the class to be instructed, might prove most valuable aids in pro- moting a knowledge of fruit culture, and inculcating a love for it also. A. D, THE GARDENERS' PROBLEM.— Allow me another word on this subject. Surely the reason why it is impossible to imitate in our gardens the conditions under which plants grow in their own countries, is to be found mainly our inability to make the climate suitable for many of the plants we attempt to culti- vate. How is it possible for us in the open air, with a range of temperature extending to some 50° Fahr., to imitate the climates of Central Asia or North America, with an " extreme range " of something like 150° ? Yet here, where the temperature very rarely goes below 20° or above 80°, Pentstemons (natives, I believe, of Central North America) flourish in a way which can hardly be exceeded in their native country, growing into bushes with a strong woody stem, and living for many years in the open air. On the other hand, to show the effect on some plants of an apparently trifling differ- ence in climate, the following fact is instructive. On the old heaps of waste from the lead mines near Buxton, Parnassia palustris (Grass of Parnassus) grows abundantly even on the steepest slopes. Go some 50 miles to the west, and try to grow this plant on the precisely similar mine waste heaps on Halkin Mountain in Flintshire (which, like the Buxton hills, is carboniferous limestone), and the chance of success, if the plant be left to Nature, will be very problematical. But go the foot of the Flintshire hills, and thereon flat marshy ground at the level of the sea at Mostyn. you will find Grass of Parnassus in abundance. What causes the differ- ence between the two localities? Simply (so far as I can see) this— the rainfall at Buxton in 1888 was 46 inches, while at Halkyn it was onlv 20 inches. Alfred U. Walker, Natty Glyn, Colwyn Bay. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY'S RE- PORT.—There is one little item in the report just to hand which merits attention, and shows in a marked degree the wisdom of reducing the rate of annual sub- scription to those who may wish to become guinea Fellows. During the past year, 93 Fellows have withdrawn through death or resignation. On the other hand, no less than 265 new ones have joined. Thus the balance in numbers is no less than 17-1. But that is not all, the loss of income arising from deaths and resignations is £126 2s., the gain £311, a balance of £213 to the good. But even further, the accession of new Fellows shows the amount to be curiously enough exactly £128 2s. from two- guinea Fellows, and £212 from one-guinea Fellows — ample evidence that the society must henceforth view as the backbone of its income the smaller subscriptions. A. D. VANDAS.— In your last number. Mr. Douglas has a very interesting account of the Vandas at Messrs. Williams & Son's nursery, Holloway. It is also an article treating on the cultivation of Vandas generally, but Mr. Douglas has a sentence or two in it that Ithink require qualifying. It is an old saying, that doctors often differ ; but a comparison of opinions on any subject can do no harm, but the opposite. '1 he first sentence I mean is. " Vandas require but little shade," and here 1 differ entirely from Mr. Douglas. This may do in a smoky atmosphere in the neigh- bourhood of London, but in a clear country such as we have here a week of such treatment would suffice to turn the greenest plants possible into sickly, leggy, yellow things. We have here a house full of Vandas— about eighty good plants— this house, from its situation, never sees the direct rays of the sun, and in summer we shade heavily. The plants are here to speak for themselves, as green as may be, and leaves down to the pot. I know of several collections of Orchids, where Vandas are but a name, and simply from too free exposure to the sun. There is another thing that I would like to mention in regard to the cultivation of Vandas, and I think Mr. Douglas does not do so, that is, in potting a Vanda do not fill the pot full of crocks to within an inch of the top, let the roots go down amongst good clean sphagnum mixed with a few small clean crocks, and they will do far better "than if hoisted up on a stone depot, as I have often seen done. The month of Septem- ber is the safest time to overhaul Vandas. Another thing in regard to Vandas losing their leaves: nothing makes them do this quicker than by leaving the spikes of flower too long on the plant. I always have them cut off as soon as possible after being open. The finest form of Vanda suavis is one, I think that Mr. Williams sent out, called V. suavis Gottschalkii, large in spike, fine, bold, well-spotted flower, with a very deep pink stem. I quite agree with what Mr. Douglas says about temperatures, &c, and I hope he will pardon me questioning his views anent shading. II". Thomson, Jr. NARCISSUS FLY.— Having noticed your answer to " D." in your issue of January 25, with illustra- tions see p. 118, of the Narcissus fly (Merodon Nar- cissi), in its various stages, perhaps the following additional information will be of use to him and many other readers of your journal. Th; bulbs of the Daffodil and of other species of Narcissus fre- quently refuse to vegetate, the usual cause being that tlie interiors of the bulbs lias been eaten by the grub of the two-winged fly known to entymologists under the above name. The only way to avoid this disappointment is to examine each bulb before plant- ing in the month of November, when on the outside of the bulb, in the manner depicted in your diagram, will be found one or two comparatively large, round holes. The bulb upon being cut open will be found to be more or less decayed, owing to the maggot (fig. 2 of the diagram) having sustained itself on the Bubstance of the bulb during the summer and autumn months. This larva, upon close inspection, will be found to be somewhat like the flesh maggot, and not unlike a sheep bot, only that it is not furnished with spines, aud instead of being whitish, its natural colour, it is changed to brown, owing to its having lived amongst the slimy matter which it has exuded, and which chiefly is one more cause of the rotting of the bulb. Towards the end of November the maggot is transformed into a pupa (fig. 3 of diagram), and it then eats its way out of the bulb near the roots, and then buries itself in the adjacent soil. The pupa5 are dull brown in' colour, egg- shaped, rough, and strongly wrinkled. In this state they remain until the following spring, about April, when the flies (fig. 4 in the diagram) issue forth. The fly asain deposits its eggs upon the bulb, generally near the base of the leaves. The flies are very much in appearance like bumble bees, the colours being for the most part yellow, orange, and black ; and they also bear a strong resemblance to the bot flies. However, they are readily distin- guished from bees, in that they have only two wings ; the horns and proboscis also are totally different, whilst again they have no stings. Bernard Wilson. EARLY FLOWERING OF THE HAZEL.— I arrived here on the morning of the 31st ult. Walking round my garden, I was much struck by the early-flowering of the Hazel bushes. The catkins were out in great force, and the female flowers in bud in abundance. To-day they are for the most part out with their beautiful red blossoms. Not having lived here at this season since June, 1SS2, I cannot speak as to the intermediate years, but I recollect well how early the Hazel Nut was in flower that year. The thrush aud blackbird were in full song on the 31st, and I heard the note of the bullfinch, though I did not sight the bird. J. A. C, North-field, Annan, Feb. 3. PASSIFLORA CCERULEA.— The other day when passing up the High Street, Godalming, my attention was arrested by a specimen of this plant which has nearly covered the front of Dr. Parsons' house ; and although the flowering season is long since passed, the plant had a large number of yellow, plum-like fruits. I question whether the fruit is not even more ornamental than the flowers. At all events, as viewed from the street, nestling as they do amongst the dark green foliage, the fruits are more conspicuous than those, and add greatly to the ornamental character of this plant. It is a curious fact that the best specimens of this plant which I remember to have seen were in or near busy thoroughfares. And I may mention another notable example on a house near the High Road, Chiswick, where the fruits were frequently very conspicuous during the winter. F. B. MOUND CAVES AT HEATHERBANK.— Those of your readers who like out-of-the-way devices in gar- dening, as I do, may care to bear of the results from our little mound caves of which I wrote in the Gar- deners' Chronicle. December 18, 1886, and will I hope experiment in the tame direction. The first caves were built with too small pieces of stone, so after showing that the greenhouse Ferns such as Adiantum cuneatum and Pteris serrulata would stand the winter, the roof began to drop in. These were planted in February, 1SS5. We made a new series of mound caves and planted them in October, 1887, these had one large stone for each side, back, and roof; they have stood well, and the greenhouse Ferns in them are now green, and both have seedlings all along the sides of the stone, showing that they are all quite at home. In another set of caves, Cyclamen microphyllum is thriving, and a number ol different varieties of Adiantum are planted, but have not yet had time to establish themselves. I have tried a good many bulbs and tender Primroses, but these failed, I suppose from insufficient light. There must, I think, be many plants which would succeed as well as in a greenhouse. In very cold weather a slab or slate may be used across the mouth of the caves. George F. Wilson, EVERLASTING PEAS.— In the hardy flower way, this is very useful for making a fine display, and for cutting. The more valuable are the white, which looks well in the foreground of shrubs, or in the borders of perennials, and the purple-flowered, which is a stronger grower. A good plan of employing these Everlasting Peas is in clothing the stems of trees that have not much top growth. A piece of Febbcaby 8, lS90.] THE GABDEXEBV CHRONICLE. 175 large-meshed wire-netting should be placed round the tree, and to this the plants will attach them- selves. In borders, a few stout branches with the twigs and sprays attached are the best kind of support, and to these the plants should be allowed to cling as soon as they begin to grow. These Peas are raised from seeds, or increased by divisions early in the spring. To give these a good start, large holes should be thrown out to a good depth, and manure placed at or near the bottom, refilling the holes, and afterwards putting in the plants, and making the soil firm ; seeds are best sown as soon as ripe in sandy soil under hand-lights. J. S. CATS IN GARDENS.— Your correspondent ' F. S."' will find that if he requires a cat for his garden he will have to train up a kitten, and accustom it to wear a collar, and sometimes to be tied up. The kitten in time will take to this just as a dog does. Some years ago I trained two kittens in this way, as a protection to my Strawberry beds, Peas, &c. They were attached by a ring to a length of wire as in fig. 102, p. 728, vol. vi. ; and the mother was tried at first, but as " F. S." says, she was not amenable to discipline and confinement. W. L. ROSE STATISTICS. (Continued fr o:„p.S3J. Ll-l X. Tht H.rdivt Teat, being Li i I'Uf. „ imu Cut : tx. Muie. Lombard 45—0 = 15 IS. Belle Lyonuaiss 13—1: U ■ Van 16. Houtte Mme. de Wat- Anna Olivier ... '•'.£ — 0=33 teville Souvenir d'un Mme. Cusiu ... 13—5 = Ami ::i-l .30 80. Jules Finger ... 8—0: Glorrede Dijon 26 S a Stock. Manetti dors not find much favour; some, how- ever, consider it better for light soils and for strong grower's, and some think that for such it is imma- terial which stock is used. The Briar, however, is insisted on as an almost absolute necessity for Teas and weakly growing H.P.'s. Manetti is said to give earlier blooms, and therefore if used partially, together with Briar for the main crop, it affords a longer succession of bloom. The consensus of opinion is decidedly against Manetti for heavy lands. Value of "Own Boot" Roses. The general agreement on the inferiority ol Rosea raised from cuttings, and therefore growing solely on their own roots, as compared with plants budded on the Briar Seedling or Briar cutting, is very remark- able. It appears to be pretty generally agreed that " Own Root" plants take much longer to obtain, and when obtained, give inferior blooms. Some few, how- ever, prefer " Own Roots '' for very strong growers like La France, Ulrich Brunner, and the Duke of Edinburgh family. Some of the Returns remark that budded plants become " Own Roots" after two or three years from planting, and this is, in a sense, no doubt true, especially when the stock used is the Manetti ; but when the union between bud and stock has once been good, although the Rose will make roots of its own above the union, and be so far an " Own Root," yet it will at the same time con- tinue to draw nourishment for very many years through the stock roots also. The present Returns, therefore, advise us to continue to bud Roses, as not only being a quicker and easier method of propa- gation, but as also giving us better flowers. In thus summarising and interpreting, to the best of my ability, the results of the returns sent in, I have endeavoured, as far as possible, to refrain from the expression of any single personal opinion, either of my own or of others ; but I think it will be of interest to many to have before them the following note on stocks, which was enclosed in the return of Messrs. Cocker, of Aberdeen. I have ventured only to add up Messrs. Cocker's list of experiments with forty-six varieties, with the following results : — Biiar Cutting Feedling Bri< t Manetti B. jt. Middle. Wor-t. i8 13 0 13 19 IS 9 13 - Similar experiments, carried out on a sufficiently large scale, in other places would give us very valuable results. W. WUkt, in Journal of Royal Hor- ticultural Society. Law Notes. STRAWBERRY GROWING IN YORKSHIRE. Habvev v. Lois Kiiuiy. — A good deal of interest has been created amongst fruit-growers in Yorkshire by a singular partnership dispute, tried at the Drif- field County Court, in which Mr, Harvey of Huttou t'ranswick, an extensive Strawberry-grower, brought an action under seven heads, against Mrs. Lois Kirby, a large farmer at Scurf, near Great Driffield, tlie plaintiff* claiming (1), dissolution; (2>, accounts and inquiries; (.3), a receiver and manager; (4), damages for breaches of the terms of partnership in neglecting to manure, and refusing to permit him to clean and look after the plants; (o), payment of whatever sum may be found due to the plaintiff on the taking of the necessary accounts ; (6), in the alternative a declaration that he is entitled to a share of the profits for the year 1889; (7), such further or other relief as the case may require. The case first came on for hearing in September last when Mr. Kemp, barrister (instructed by Mr. Cooper of Beverley), appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Trigg (Jennings, Wigmore & Trigg), of Driffield, represented the defendant. The particulars, as stated by counsel and witnesses, showed that in or about September, 1883, the plaintiff" and defendant through her son entered by verbal agreement into a partnership in respect of the growth of Strawberries on land belonging to, or in the occupation of, the defendant, and the sale of the same, the defendant to allow the use of her land, provide manure, put in order, and give assistance for the rough woik with her men and horses when required, the plaintiff to provide the Strawberry plants, clean and look after them, and sell the fruit, the profits arising from the sale to be equally divided. The partnership was carried on year by year up to and including the year 1880, but no settlement or statement of accounts had been made or come to between the parties since that time, the defendant refusing to come to any final settlement. F.vidence was heard at great length, and in the result, His Honour, Judge Bedwell, ordered an account to be taken by Mr. Tonge, the Registrar, between plaintiff" and defendant, with special instruc- tions, the plaintiff to have hi3 costs up to decree, with costs of counsel. The case came on agaiu at the Court recently, when the Registrar produced the accounts, and His Honour gave a verdict for plaintiff' for £149 Is. The Alpine Ga rden. PRIMULA DEXTICULATA ALBA. This variety is by no means so devoid of beauty as was at first supposed, on seeing a weakly plant in bloom. It proves to be, however, a valuable addition to our spring flowers, with a constitution quite equal in vigour to that of the type. The large snowy-white balls of flowers are very sweet and attractive, and, if anything, they are a little earlier than the other forms of the species. It proves quite hardy in the open air, but to ensure full development of its delicate flowers, the plant should be covered with a light or other protection on the approach of boisterous weather. It may be propagated like other plants of the type, by simply cutting or tearing up the old crowns, and replanting the pieces in a free and rather rich soil. Primula obcomc.v. Xo excuse need be offered in again referring to this handsome Primrose, which has already taken firm root as one of the best of our winter and spring- flowering subjects. It flowers with profusion, and, if treated liberally, for so long a time as to be hardly ever without bloom. The improvements in size of flower and in depth of tint have been very striking, within the last few years ; and if the process of selection should go on, we may expect many valuable additions, and some, perhaps, capable of being cultivated in the open air. It seeds very freely, and if seeds are sown when gathered, no trouble will be experienced in raising plants. Its poisonous properties have not made themselves manifest to me, at least, and 1 have handled the plants in every way in the course of potting, trimming, and staking, with no bad result whatever. This, of course, does not prove that the plant may not cause irritation to others. 1). Primula amci:na. After enquiring in vain everywhere for three or four years for Primula amrena (M. Biebeastein, Jiot. Mat]., t. 3252 ; E. Boissier, Fl. Orient., iv., 26), I am afraid it is lost to English cultivation. Boissier described it as an intensely purple Oxlip. I find it mentioned in several modern books on gardening, as if it was a common plant; but P. cortusoides var. amccna is confused with it. Most of the Caucasian plants are so easily cultivated in England, that it is a pity this should have been lost. Perhaps someone who reads this may still possess it. C. Wolley Dud, Eclyc Hall, Malpas. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending February 1, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The weather was very rough, squally, and wet at the commencement of the period, but subsequently became much quieter than of late, although it remained unsettled and dull generally, with rain at frequent intervals. At some of our more northern stations slight falls of snow were experienced. " The temperature has been above the mean in all districts, the excess having ranged from 1° in 176 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. Ireland and 2° in ' Scotland, N.,' ' England, E.,' and over the western parts of England, to 4° in the west and east of Scotland and in ' England, S.' The highest of the maxima were recorded on somewhat irregular dates, and ranged from 52° in ' Scotland, N.,' and 'England, N.W.,' to 57° in 'Scotland, E.,' and 'England, N.E.' The lowest of the minima, which were registered either on the 29th or 30th, varied from 24° in Ireland to 30° in ' England, N.E.,' and ' England, S.,' and to 40° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been less than the mean in the eastern and western parts of Scotland and in ' Ire- land, N.,' and about equal to it in ' Scotland, N.,' and 'England, N.E.,' in all other districts an excess is shown. " Bright sunshine has been less prevalent, as a whole, than it was last week, the percentage of the possible amount of duration having ranged from 13 to 26 in the Scotch districts, from 16 to 17 in Ireland, and from 14 to 31 over England. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Ralnfall. 1 Bright Sun. *4' Accumulated a 8 i s i s is. I** 1*1 A A S - ? J i 3 Jj 3,2 8 "1 II 1 < 1 ^ td ""1 •3gS ±1 3 i II || «f n H Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. Day- deg. lOths tnch. In. i 2 + 8 25 + 41 — 61 Oav. 30 8.2 13 2 4 + 12 27 + 47 — 85 4 — 24 4.8 26 18 3 3 + 11 20 + 52 - 79 0 av. 20 2.0 31 IS 4 2 + 10 25 + 55 - 70 6 + 23 2.4 25 22 5 3 + 13 25 + 58 - 75 5 + 24 3.2 24 21 6 4 + 27 9 + 84 - 100 3 + 23 3.1 16 18 7 4 + 20 10 + 54 - 97 3 — 31 8.5 15 14 8 2 + 17 11 + 57 - 94 j 3 + 30 4.9 15 14 9 2 + 26 8 + 6S - 47 3 + 28 5.8 14 18 10 1 + 11 20 + 40 — 59 2 - 30 5.1 1.'. 22 11 1 + 26 14 + 51 — 52 3 + 29 6.< 17 22 ia| 3 + 39 0 + 92 - 38 2 + 29 4.5 23 20 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, K. ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing fyc. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, Eugland, S.W.; l'J, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. t. d. t. d. t. d. i. d Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, per li 0 8 0-10 0 punnet 0 4- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 0 9- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ..■ Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6-\.. Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... : Seakale, punnet ... 2 0— ... Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Cucumbers, each ... 10-16 Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- , Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- , Lettuces. per dozen... 1 6- Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- . Tomatos.'per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turnips, per bunch, new 0 4- ... Potatos : — Stock increasing, and, except for best samples, prices are tending downwards. Further arrivals of new Potatos, the demand for which is somewhat slow. Best red-soil Magnums and Regents, 100s.; Yoiks (Mag ), 9 's. ; other samples vary from 4us. to 80s. per ton. First arrival of Canary New Potatos to hand :— Kidneys, 10s. to 22s. ; Rounds, 10s. to 12s. per cwt. J. B. Thomas. Plahts ik Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d.s.d. Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 0 Ferns, in var., per dozen 4 0-18 0 5-10 6 Ficus elastics, each .16-70 Foliage plants, vari- 0-12 0 j cms. each 2 0-10 0 0-24 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 9 0-12 0 0-24 0 ; Lily of the Valley, p. 0-12 0 j doz. pots 18 0 24-0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-80 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-18 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 Roman Hyacinths, per dozen pots ... 9 0-12 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 ' Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 0-10 0 Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, various.each 2 Begonias, dozen ... 4 Christmas trees, doz. 4 Cyclamen, dozen ...15 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. s.d.s.d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 Acacia (French) bun. 0 9-16 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 9-16 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Callasethiopica,12bl. 3 0-60 CameUias.white.doz. 2 0-40 — various, per doz. 10-20 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20 Chrysanth., 12 bun. 4 0-12 0 Cyclamens.. 12 blms. 0 4-09 Daffodils, doz. blooms 0 9-16 Eucharis, per dozen 3 0-50 Gardenias, 12 blooms 12 0-21 0 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6 10 Lilac, white, Fr., bun. 4 0-60 Lilium, var., 12bl..„ 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley doz. sprays Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 0-90 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-40 — French, per bun. 16-20 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60 NuTVl- ,paps 6- 1 0 ch, doz. bu — Eng., doz. sprays 0 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 — dozen" sprays... 1 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 Roman Hyacinths, Eng., do/., sprays... 0 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 — French, dozen ... 1 — red, per dozen ... 2 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 1 Stephanotis, 12 spr. ;• Tuberoses, 12 bims.... 1 Tulips, doz. blooms... 1 Violets, 12 bun ... 1 — French, bunch ... 1 — Parma, bunch ... -1 0- 1 6 9- 1 6 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 «- 2 6 Orchid-bloom ••ly. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quart, r), for the week ending February 1 : — Wheat, 30s. Id. ; Barley, 32s. 2d.; Oats, 18s. (id. For the corre- sponding period last year: — Wheat, 29s, 9d.; Barley, 26?. 'id. • Oats, 16s. radish, Is. to Is. -id. per bundle ; Celery, 4s. to 8s. per dozen bundles ; Carrots, 17s. Gd. to 26s. per ton ; Cauliflowers 3s. Gd. to 5s. per tally ; Endive, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; Mustard and Cress, Is. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Cabbage Lettuce, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; English Onions, 8s. to 8s. Gd. per cwt. ; Bordeaux do., 6s. Gd. to 7s. Gd. per case ; Spanish do., 7s. Gd. to 8s. Gd., do. ; Belgian do., 6s. Gd. to 7s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Dutch do., 6s. Gd. to 7s., do ; Parsnips, id. to Sd. per score ; Beetroots, id. to Gd. per dozen. Stratford: Feb. 4. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : — Cabbages, Is. .Gd. to 3s. per tally ; Savoys, 3s. Gd. to 5s. Gd. do. ; Turnips, 25s. to 35s. per ton ; Carrots (household), 30s. to 40s. do. ; do. (cattle feeding), 20s. to 25s. do. ; mangolds, 14s. to 18s. do. ; Swedes, 14s. to 19s. do ; Onions, English, 10s. to lis. per cwt. ; do., Spanish, 7s. 6d. to 9s. per case ; Apples, English, 3s. to 4s. per bushel ; Watercress, Gd.. per dozen ; Sprouts, Is. 9d. to 2s. Gd. per flat ; Celery, Gs. to 10s. per dozen roll. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, February G. [We cannot accept anyeditorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of Beveral of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not be taken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] Our market now presents as dull an appearance as we have seen for many years past, scarcely any- thing being on offer beyond Grapes, which comprise only a few samples of first-rate quality, and which are speedily rising in value. Foreign goods consist principally of Reinette de Giis from France, Pine- apples from St. Michaels, and Tomatos from Canary Islands. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d. s.d. I I. d. t. d. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 — NovaScotia,brl.l2 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... —St. Michael, each 2 0-60 Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- 5 0 [ SEEDS. London: Feb. 5. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report that there is now a fair seasonable demand for field seeds. Scarcity still prevails for choice English Red Clover seed, while ordinary qualities are cheap and plentiful. Rather more attention is being devoted to Trefoil. Alsike, and white remain firm. Very low prices are asked for Italian and perennial Rye- grasses. Bird-seeds are dull. Blue Peas, trade quiet, but steady. Haricot Beans continue cheap and good. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : Feb. 5. — Good supplies of all kinds of green vegetables. Short supply of English and foreign fruit, &c. Demand very quiet for all sorts. Market glutted with Potatos. Prices :— English Apples, 4s. to 7s. per bushel ; American do., 16s. to 24s. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per dozen bundles ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Brussels Sprouts, id. to Sd. per half sieve ; Spinach, Is. to Is. Gd. per bushel ; Turnip-tops, Is. to Is. 3d. per sack ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. to Is. Gd. ; do. 8d. to Is. per sieve ; Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Curley Kale, 9d. to Is. per bushel ; Greens, Gd. to Is. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Parsnips, 2d. to 3d. do. ; Horse- POTATOF. Borough and Spitalfields : Feb. 4. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 45s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 95s. ; Magnum Bonums, black land, 40s. to 45s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 55s. ; Lincolns, 45s. to 70s. ; Yorks, 55s. to 70s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 95s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 75s. per ton. Spitalfields : Feb. 5. — Quotations : — Magnums, 40s. to 60s. ; Regents, 45s. to 70s. ; Champions, 45s. to 55s. ; Imperators, 45s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 45s. to 60s. per ton. Stratford : Feb. 4.— Quotations : — Scotch Re- nents, 60s. to 70s.; Magnums, 60s. to 85s.; light English do., 50s. to 65s. ; dark, do., 40s. to 47s. Gd. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 7 8s. to 98s. ; do., inferior, 40s. to 75s. Best hay, 60s. to 90s. ; do., inferior, 26s. to 50s. Straw, 28s. to 40s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding tints and research for their solution, must not e.rp:ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not mo~e than six should be sent at one tim°. Azaleas : W. P. It is not usual to cut down Indian Azaleas after flowering, this operation being per- formed with more advantage before the plant has bloomed — the plant is not exhausted by its efforts to bloom, and the season of growth is longer. Early winter pruning, or in the case of old plants whose wood does not readily break into growth, hard cutting back may be practised in October, and the plants kept cool and in a state of medium moisture, in fact, the plants are best when sunk in a bed of damp coal ashes, sand, &c. As soon as protuberances appear on the stem and branches, place in gentle warmth. Thinning of the shoots will have to be done, after it can be seen which are the best, and best placed. Azaleas may have straggling shoots cut back after flowering, that is if you wish to make the plant stiff and ungraceful. Black Blotches on Svcamobe Leaves : D. The black patches seen nearly always on Sycamore (Acer pseudo-platanus) is a species of Rhytisma, a true parasite, whose mycelium penetrates the leaf tissues, and the cells of the leaf perish, thus forming the black patches ; or they exist simply to support it. When the leaf falls, the fungus generates its spores. It is still an open question if the Acers, &c, suffer much from the attacks of the parasite. Carnations Diseased : Loxwood. Your plants are attacked by the destructive brown mould, Hel- minthosporium echinulatum, figured in our issue for August 21, 18S6. Pick off and burn every affected leaf. Concrete Walks : Concrete. Better leave the damaged concrete walks as they are until the Feeruary 3, 1890 ] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 177 winter is past, and then you may coat them with a thin " slip " of Portland cement, made with about two-thirds cement to one-third fine clean sand. A little fine sifted gravel might be strewn over the surface and pressed into it. Double Nastcrticms : D. B. These plants do not seed, and must be raised from cuttings. They are very pretty useful plants for decoration, growing rapidly during the summer. For summer use strike in autnmn ; keep the plants growing slightly in winter, and push them on as spring approaches. For winter use strike cuttings in late spring, and grown on in a cold pit, and later out of doors, do not stint them at the root ; by winter the strong growers should be in 12-in. pots. Gbavel Paths for Conservatory : D. B. — These are pleasant- looking, and may be kept in very good order by damping and rolling them when the surface gets loose. Usually the floor of the house where gravel paths are employed is also of gravel or Derbyshire spar, and which answer well, provided the floor has been efficiently drained — an easy matter generally. For this kind of con- servatory some large plants are required to give it a furnished appearance. Small plants may be put at the front of groups and beds of tall and medium- sized plants, grouping them at salieut points, and with the aid of a few large pots on which to ele- vate the middle and back-row plants, and moss to put around and over the pots, pretty effects may be obtained. Small wire baskets, vases, and tables for holding the choicer subjects, add variety to a conservatory so laid out, and look infinitely better than staging. The arrangements may be varied in the spring, when the hardier plants go out of doors, and the more robust palms, if there are any, will do well enough in the cool conservatory ; and again in September, when plants are brought indoors. It is merely a question of putting the gravel of the walks in other directions. In doing this avoid the two extremes of needless crooked- ness or severity in the outline. If the house has shady or badly lighted parts, where choice plants would become shabby, hardy and half-hardy ever- greens in pots or tubs answer well, and keep all their foliage throughout the winter. We mention Thuias, Laurels — especially the Portugal, Camel- lias, Pittosporum, Tobira, P. undulatum, Eoge- nias in variety, Myrtles, Aucubas— male and female. Pontic Rhododendrons, Aspidistra lurida, New Zealand I'lax, Astetia Itanksia — an elegant, robust grass, good for a vase or centre plant, Ivy, and, less so, Kuonymus Japonica. Hyacinth Im.owkks Pinched off : Kemo. See p. 90, in our issue for January PS last. The case is identical. Insects: G. II. — Your Scotch Fir shoots are pieiced by the Pine Beetle llylurgus piniperda (fig. 30). ^*r 'S0 \ ^J Fir,. 30.- PISE BF.F.TLE. Pinching off the infested shoots and burning them is the best remedy. It is stated that decaying wood or bark is the favourite breeding place of this insect, so that material should be collected and burnt. Names of Plants : Helleborus. 1, Helleborus col- chicus ; 2, H. lividus probably — why send only a a bloom ? — J. W. 4. Cotoneaster Simonsii ; 5, Viburnum Tinus. — '/'. 11. 1, Woodwardia raili- cans ; 2, Nephrolepis exaltata; 3, Lastrea varie- gata ; 4, Todea africana ; 5, Aspidium coria- ceum ; 6, Cibotium Barometz ; 7, Polypodium glaucum ; 8, Adiantum Sancta Catherine ; 9, Litobrochia incisa; 10, Maranta ornata ; 11, Maranta argentea striata. — T. B. Crinuro amabile. 1. A. D. Dendrobium Linawianum, D. monoli- forme of gardens. — T. Williams. Odontoglossum Humeanum, a supposed natural hybrid between O. cordatum and O. Rossi. — E. W. Cornus mas. — J. M. Thermopsis nepalensis. — H. J. C. 1, La- marckia aurea; 2, Allium stamineum ; S.Lavan- dula Stffichas ; 4, Rhagdiolus stellatus ; 5, Linum pubescens var. ?; 6, Atriplex rosea. — G. W. C. Tillandsia (Anoplophytum) strieta. — W. Martin. Seems to be a species of Macaranga, but we cannot say which one, without flowers or some knowledge of the native country, as two or three kinds have similar leaves. Physianthts albens : E. T. It seldom fruits under cultivation. Slugs : W. Martin. The objects sent are a curious species of slug (Testacellus scutellum), provided with a very small shell, which forms a shield or protection to the heart. Like other slugs it feeds on vegetables. W. Soap Nut : G. H. Pti6.t. at. per cwt. „ St, Vnlery 70s. Oil. .. Chantenay 75s. 0d. ONION. Bedfordshire Champion 6s. M. per lb. .. Silver-Skin, for pickling 2s. 6rf. PARSNIP. Improved Hollow Crown ... 32«. 0d. per cwt. „ .. Elcombe'a 36». Od. Bit. I)A\ LS'S New, Rare, ami Keautiful • BEGONIAS The best Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- lnr.il Directions, sent free on application. Begonias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double and Single, B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Growor, Yeovil Nurseries, Y'eovil, Somerset. To the Trade (surplus). WM. BAYLOR IIARTl.ANl) offers the following from SEEDS, Crop 1889:— AQUII.EIIIA, Munstend White. . AURICULA alpina. &c. 1 d CHIONODOXA LUCILL.K g.2 .. 8ARDENSIS. L „ a PRIMULA OBCONICA, fine (elected. [.?a PRIMROSE, yellow BEACllNSKIKLD, fine large strain. £ P. POPPIES, Snowdrift end Mikado. J a DAFFODILS from his celebrated collection. '.- DAFFODILS, Cut Blooms of Aril Righ, per 1000 from open ground. Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. Special Cheap Offer. TSAAC MATTHEWS and SONS have to -L offer 100.000 very fine plants of RHODODENDRON for forcing, Cunningham's White. Jaeksonii, Cnucasiciim pic.tum. PONTIOUM RHODODENDRON, from 3 to (I inches, and intermediate sites up to 4 feet, about 600,000 ; Seedling II, t,rj,|., in si/es from 4 to 6 inches to 8 feet, about 400,000. HOLLIES, Common LAURELS. Portugal LAURELS, English YEWS, OUPBESSUS RETINOSPORA, AZALEAS, 200T000 strong 4-vr. and 5-yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and particulars apply to the Nurseries, Milton and Wetley Moor, Stoke on-Trent. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Li.inid Nun- Poisonous Paints fur Inside of Conservatories, &c. LA BELLE SAUVAQE YARD, LUDOATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. 178 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [Febeuary 8, 1890. " Now Is the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who Intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, and having been grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of. six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries. Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. To the Trade. SEED POTATO S. Hand F. SHARPE are prepared to make • very low offers of all the principal kinds of Seed POTATOS, grown expressly for Seed purposes from the finest selected stocks. The samples are very good, and free from coarse and diseased tubers. Seed-growing Establishment, Wisbech. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS, CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is., 25. 6d., and 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12" named varieties, separate, 55. 6d. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 12s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz.; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. Bulbs and Seeds for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN and SON, of OVERVEEN, HAARLEM, beg to announce that their New BULB and SEED CATALOGUE for Spring, 1890, is now ready. It contains full details of their extensive Collections of Gladioli, Dahlias, Lilies, Begonias, Pa'onia sineosis, and other Bulbs for Spring Planting, and also of a large Collection of CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS, whicli can be recommended with every confidence. The Catalogue will be sent, post-free, an application to themselves direct, or their Agents, Messrs. MertknS & Co., 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-at-Hill, London, E.C. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST « of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all the best varieties under cultivation of 1S89 growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. 3,000,000 R1iis,o,rtrDENDRONS' PONTtCUMS, 6 to 9 inches, 10s. per 100, 80s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 13s. per 103, 110s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches, 18s. per 100. 160s. per 1000. CATAWHIENSA HYBRID A, 6 to 9 inches, 12s. per 100, 100s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 15s. per 100, 120s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100. 180s. per 1000; 15 to 20 inches, 24s. per 100, 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy plants, twice and thrice transplanted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, free on application to JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. CONIFERS and SHRUBS.— Abies Douglasii, 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100 ; 6 to 7 ft., 70s. per 100 ; Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2J ft., 20s. per doz.; 3 to3*ft. 36s. perdoz.; 4ft., 48s. per doz. ; Cupressus Lawsoniana, 2 ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 3} ft., 32s. perlOO ; 5ft., 50s. per 100 ; Cupressus erectaviridis, lj to 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 3 ft., 10s. per 100 ; Picea Nordmanniana, 3 ft., 12s. per doz. ; Retinospora plumosa, 1£ ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 31 ft... tine, 60s. per 100; R. squarrosa, 1J to 2 ft., 32s. per 100; Thuia Lobbii, 3 to 4 ft., 30s. per 100; 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100; T. dolabrata, 2 ft.. 30s. per 100; 4 ft., extra, 36s. per doz. ; Berberis Aquifolium, 2 ft., 12s. per 100 ; Box trees, 2 to 3 ft., 20s. per 100; Japan Box, 12 inch. 12s. per 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 4 ft., 16s. per 100; Sea Buck- thorn, 12 to 15 inch, 8s. per 100; Escallonia macrantha, pots, strong, 24s. per 100 ; Laurels, common, 2 to 3 ft., 12s. per 100 ; L. Colchiaca, 3 to 3J ft., 20s. per 100; L. caucasicum, 3 to 3£ ft., 20s. per 100; L. rotundifolia, 2 ft., 16s. per 100; Rhododendron ponticum, 1J to 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 2 to 2£ ft., 40s. per 100; 4 ft. buds, 100s. per 100; R. hybrida, 2 to 2J ft., 60s. per 100 ; 4 ft., 120s. per 100. Special prices per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Str SEED — SEED — SEED. — Important to Amateurs and those with Small Gardens. We will send for 5s. 6d., our celebrated COLLECTION of FLOWER and VEGETABLE SEEDS, containing thirty beautiful varieties of Flower Seeds, and thirty of the best Vegetable Seeds for Small Gardens. We hare also Collections of Vegetable and Flower Seeds from Is. to £2 10s. The cheapest house in the Catalogi men, &c, The Successful Transplanting of Large Trees and . Plants. "DOOK ON TRANSPLANTING LARGE U TREES AND SHRUBS. Post-free on application. CHARLES R. KELLY. Landscape Gardener, Tarporley, Cheshire. ' The Flower Pots you have so largely pplied us with are light, strong, Messrs. Dicksons, Limited, Chester, write ■.- and well made, ami in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, write :— " We beg to say that we are highly H.itisfied with your ' Garden Pots • ' thev are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any others we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, Loudon, writes:—** For nearly thirty years I have been using your * Garden Pots,' and still tind them best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the world. No waiting ; millions in Btoclc. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders. Half carriage on £5 orders. Samples free. Address— RICHARD SANKEY & SON, bulwell potteries, NOTTINGHAM. Neiv Edition, Corrected up to Date. PAXTON'S CALENDAR. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR OF GARDEN OPERATIONS. (TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY-SIXTH THOUSAND.) By the late Sib JOSEPH PAXTON, M.P., Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d., Post-free 3^d. ; Twenty-five Copies, 5s. ; fifty, 10s. ; and one hundred, 20s. Parcels of not less than twenty-five delivered, Carriage Free, in London only. Not less than one hundred Carriage Paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. 50 000 G R E E N >J\J)\J\J\J all good shape, EUONYMUS, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per 100, free on raiL J. J. CLARK, Qoldstone Farm, Brighton. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. UICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10s., 12s., and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS AND SON, 52, Market Square, Northampton. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3i-inch pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries. Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. SPARAG US.— Strong, 3-yr. old, 7s. per 100. Mrs. KINGSBURY, Bevois Valley Nursery, Southampton. Cucumber " lockie's Perfection." CHARLES TURNER, having purchased the Stock of this sterling new variety, is much pleased to introduce it, and can with the greatest confidence recommend it as the best Cucumber ever sent out. Price per packet. Is. 6rf. and 2s. 6rf. Descriptive CATALOGUE upon application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest, quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. To the Trade. FERNS—FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most saleable sorts— ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, POLYPO- DIUMS, CYRTOMIUMS. PTERIS, &c, at 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, few other kinds from stoves, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH. London Fern Nurseries, 1 10, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, the same as supplied to the Roval Horticultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons. £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C. and S. E., £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20. 16s. ; 4u, £1 His. fash with order. J. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE.— Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto, Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, &c, or for general purposes. Also good yellow grind for drives, concrete, grav <-l, screenings, yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. .1. ASTRIPGE, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. February 8, 1890.] THE GAPDENEPS' CHRONICLE. 179 BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ba?f supplying a manure which shall contain all the elements necessary fur the Perfection o( Plant Life and a< the same time be QUICK IS ACTION, LASTING, ami ECONOMICAL, The ingredienta have been so arranged that, whil rating luxurious growth, permanent benefit ecured I B I ance of nourishment to the ] [I f,- in use, and suitable tor every purpose where a Sold bu Seedsmen, Florid*, and l Cd. and ' is Packet . and SE XLED 1: \GS 7 11,. Mlh. 881b. 1131b. 2s. 6d. 4s. Od. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade .Mark i- print I and also impressed on the Li moiitli of each Rng. „ S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER URM. PenuinYgauden requisites, V_X as supplied to the Koyal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS N.-w Archangel, 9ft. 4 ins. by I ft. 6 ins., 2ti Un . Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3ft, gins . si'UUI.riL TOBACCO PAPER, lOd. per lb., 281b. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH. 1(. per lb., 281b. for 28*. OKOUIlill IT, 8l. per sack. PEAT. LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AM' CO., Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, lj.io. each i 10aacka.12i.6a.; 16sacks,17»,6d., 20sacks, 204, ; IE sacks, Us. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; I" saeks, :).,.«. , «0t. ; Truck load, loose, b n rail,30». Limited quantities oi o . apeda] [nallty, granulated In sacks only, 2s. 64. each GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, -•'>'. peraaok; 6 sacks, nx. • BEST brown FIBROl 9 PE \ r, 5 . per sack ; B for 82>.6d BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. I'. fid. per sack ; & for 20i. coarse silver BAND, 1 .64. per bushel; lis. half ton; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Comfxjst. Leaf and Peat Mould. Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter. Crushed Bones. Virgin Cork, fcc, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cis/t with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall, London. E. \wn\i; 1> MAltl iii a 10 Banker*- Smith, Paytu, j l , ivt. sample England on run: cUfi, QUANO: Bbst and Cheapest for Garden u e. NATIVE 01 l\" prici a bags, Lol under [0 cwt., is, per cwt. paid, to any II [pt of P I '. for 5*. Thirteent) \nnual Colli Xtm of Rtports :— NATIVE QUANO for POTATOS, VFiiKI'AHl.K ;. FBUI1 &c. C. Fun. i u. Reading, used it for Potatos, ind lys " ] found yonr Manure gave wry satisfactory rc-iili~." I i u 1 1 1 Or, lo Col lb Hon tt P I ilbot,aays:— "lean strongly recommend your ' nivi , is a first rata Manure I for un) fruita oi , tioed over 560prize9." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, T0MAT03, &c. — W. G. fie umbers, and says - " f find it b good and cheap article/1 A. F. BA.RB.oa, Koyal Horticultural Society, says " Wit I, out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." , Orders to the NATIVE 01 LNO CO., I. ted, 39, New Bridgesi, i I i, E.G., where Pamphlet* ol Igent - nranted, bentleys Insecticide. Mi i, Wi ii" 5, Sym Home, antes:— " Bl alley's Insecticide is a great saving in /. p. r lb. : i 14 1b., 9s. ; do. FIBRE, much stronger and better, 9,1. per lb. ; 1! lb.. 10s. ; do.. Cord, id. per lb.. 281b., 10s. 28 lb. carriage paid to any station. Large reduction to the trade. PEIRCE Asn CO.. St. Andrew's, Bristol. GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICE STANDEN'S MANURE Established Nearly 30 Years. The reduction has been effected through the introduction of increased and improved plant for manufacturing. It is now generally acknowledged that this highly concentrated Manure exceeds all others in general fertilising properties and staying powers, thus rendering its money value at least double that of any other Manure. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a olean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable fjr Amateurs equally with Nurserymen. Sold in Tins of increased sizes, 6d., Is , 2s. 6d., 6s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each ; and in Kegs (Free) at the following greatly- reduced prices:- 28 lb., 10s. 6d. ; 56 lb., 18s.; 112 1b., 32s. each. H.K MAXl'Ftn'I'ltl'KS CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), LONDON. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. M8" CHjlE ORCHID PEAT. Prepared ready for use, fin' from all waste, 12,«. per cask. Selected, ill Turves, 10*. per cask. Specially selected for HARDWOOD and STOVE PLANTS, 8*. per cask. For FERNS and GENERAL USE, from 5». per cask. By the yard or truckload. Special Prices, ( larriage Paid to any Station. Splendid Yellow Fibrous Loam, F.O.R. Surrey, |ik per ton, in truckloads. BONES for VINE BORDERS, fresh, raw, crushed, A to ] inch Meal and Flour, Char- coal, Peat and Wood Ashes. WOOD & SON'S Prize Manures and other Specialties. Samples and Price List forwarded on application. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., WOOD GREEN, l/'NDON, N. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s.: 4-lniHliel bag*, EESON'S MANURE.— The Best and J Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. fid., 5s. 6a!., and 10s. id. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills. Sheffield. 180 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., FarnborouRh, Hanto. II! PEAT II! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBKE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREKS. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS& CO., The Old-established Peat Depot, Ringwood, Hants. "' - _t - ' ■ ' DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with "KILLMBIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices, Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to THE "STOTT" FERTILISER & INSECTI- CIDE COMPANY (LIMITED), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. NORMAL FERTILISER For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. p^^. _ 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 66 lb. 1 cwt. M ' 2s. 3s. M. bs. 6d. 9s. lis. And in 6rf. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesale of Messrs. HURSTandSON, 152,Houndsditch,London G'lSHURST^O^POUND, used by leading Gardeners since 18S9 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s., and 10s. 6o\ GISHURSTLNE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale from PRICES PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. FRIGI DOMO CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND CLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it is applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen , or Benjn. Edginqton, London Bridge, s.e. Note.— The words " FRIOI DOMO " are registered under the Trade Marks Act. and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded against. Greenhouse Fires. Stoves, &c. 2 MALL CUKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, J delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. J. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— i and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. Q IX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2s. kj Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS and CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London E C. LI Q N O L I N E. — Best preservative of wood against adverse influence of climate, dampness of soil, &c. Arrests decay, absolutely destroys all fungi-growths, and forms a permanent external piotection. It leaves a brownish colour upon which any other colour can be laid. Price in casks, 22s. 6d. per cwt. ; sample tins, 2s. 3d. per gallon, delivered in Manchester and London. EDWARD SCHERY, 134, Deansgate, Manchester. GARDEN POTS.— Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade — well burnt yet porous. " The best for growing plants in that I have ever used.'* — Mr. Whalley, Head Gardener to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Orchid Pots, Seakale and Rhubarb Pots, Seed Pans, &c. Send for Price List. THOS. PASCALL AND SONS, South Norwood Pottery, S.E. Samples, carriage free; or can be seen at Mr. SMYTH'S, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. STEEL FENCING WIRE of all kinds, BARB WIRE, HAY BANDS, WIRE NETTING, and FENCING MATERIALS. Woods Patent WIRE MAT- TRESSES. Send for Price Lists to the— LONGFORD WIRE, IRON, and STEEL COMPANY (Limited), Warrington. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RIIALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England : £ , 50.000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £'Js.-,.ihm. Compensation paid, £!.750.uoo. West End Offio 3, iir.nl Hotel Buildings, W.C. ll.ad Office;— 64, Cornhill, London. B.C. WILLIAM J. VI AN, Secretary. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO RE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write (or a Prospactua of the SCIENTIFIC DBBSS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, JU. Regent Street, Loudon, W. Situations fur all Pupils at good salaries. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARK BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year\ THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. I United and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year, f 0NR THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. J Making the Largest. Rest. Oldest. Liveliest. Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10b. E. II. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONE-), 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, 8; W.; to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip- tiousmay be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for 10 d. (stamps). THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 4 Lines 5 ., 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 „ U „ !3 „ 13 „ 14 „ Scale of Charges for Advertising:. Head Line charged as tu-o. £0 3 0 15 Line; .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 ..ore ..ore ..... 0 8 .( . SIXPENCE FOR : 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 £0 8 0 0 9 0 0 9 6 0 10 0 0 10 a 0 11 0 0 11 6 0 12 0 0 12 6 0 13 0 0 13 6 KRY ADDITIONAL LINE. i two Columns, the lowest charge will be "■ l Columns the lowest charge will Page, £8; Half Page, £1 10». ; Colu . !.'■". Gardeners and other3 Wanting Situations 26 words, including name and address, Is. tju\, and lid. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of aline. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST RK PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant; Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. I VfnltTAXT XOT ICE— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Jhist-oJ/ices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. BntTHS, Deaths and Marriages, oj. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MIST reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. TnK United Kingdom: 12 Months. 16s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage 178. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China. 19s. 6d. Post-ollice Orders to be made payable at the Post OlEce 42, DKUKY LANK. W.C . to W. Richards. Pdblisiiino Office and Office for Advertisements, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. WANTED, as PARTNER, an active ex- pen, -need Grower under Glass, for Chrysanthemums, ( 'in lumbers, Tomatos. &c, for Market. This is a favourable opportunity for a yoong man with but small capital to estab- lish himself.— Particulars to COBHAM. Gardeners' Chronicle Oflice, II, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. G WANTED, a WORKING MANAGER, as PARTNER, in an improving Flower run! Fruit Growing Business, with • Capital oi £300 to £400.— For further par- ticulars apply to JOHN SALLAV7AY, Accountant. 24, Jury Street. Warwick. ARDENER WANTED, Outdoor, accus- tomed to Cool, Warm, and Stove Houses, also w th a knowledge ol Fruit and Flower Garden. -Apply by letter only to ■'. C., I'.'-', Aldersgate Street. B.C. ANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, well up in Forcing Fruit, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Flowers, and General Nursery Work, ami to take Manage- ment. Gtood opportunity for a respectable, steady, married num. Aiitirt'rtH, wiili full particulars a* to age, wages, testi- monials, &c, toGAKDENKK, care of Messrs. Heal, Stationer, East Street, Hrighton. ANTED, a SINGLE-HANDED GAR- DENER, with useful Indoor Work. -Age 25 to 40. Must be good all round. Preference given to single-handed experience. Wages, 18*., with cottage. Very retired district. Address fall particulars to Miss a. LUSHINGTON, Kin sley, Alton. Unsuitable applications cannot be answered. WWTKI), a Steady, Active K< II [KM AN, in the Fruit Department one who has lilled a similar position. Must have had considerable experience with Early Strawberries and Melons. Age not under :'ti Wages 19*. per week, with Bothy and the usual Vegetables.— JAMES 1 1 1\\' [.kit. The Gardens, Harwood House, near Leeds. "1»T ANTED, good WORKING FOREMAN, V» to Force all kinds of Fruit and Flow.-rs for Market. Good references.— Full particulars to liEN MATTHEWS, Whitton Nurseries, Hounslow. ANTED, a FIRST HAND, to Grow Plants and Cut Flowers for Market. Must be well up in Wreaths, Bouquets, and other Floral Work.— CHAS. RYLANCE, Town Green, Ormskirk. ANTED, a young MAN, well up in Cucumber Growing for Market. None need apply without having had past experience.— Apply, by letter, stating wages expected, with bothy, vegetables, and light, to J. A. BREEZE, Loudon Koad, Peterborough. WANTED, a steady energetic young MAN, who thoroughly understands the Gniftingiind Growing of Tea Koses; also the Making of Wreaths, Bouquets, &C, None need apply unless thoroughly well up in such mutters. - MORLEY ASU CO., Exotic Nurseries Fuhvood, Fieston, Lancashire. 182 THE GAFDENERS3 CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. WANTED, several MEN, for a Market Nursery where Grapes, Totnatos, Cucumbers, &c, are extensively grown. Wages to commence, £1.— Apply, stating age and "where last employed, to JOSEPH ROCKFORD. Turnford Nurseries, uear Broxbourne, Herts. ANTED, an ORCHID MAN. £1 per week and bothy.— BRADSHAW. Daveuham. Malvern. ANTED, TWO young MEN, quick at Potting, Tying, and Watering in a Market Nursery.— Apply, stating where hist employed and wages expected, to JOHN TURTLE, Belle Grove Nurseries. Welling, Kent. ANTED, TWO experiences young MEN, at Potting, Watering, and Tying. State age ex- perience, and wages required, with bothy.— TURNER BROS., Nurserymen, Garston, Liverpool. ANTED, a young MAN, 18 to 20, accus- tomed to Inside and Outside Work in Garden.— Full particulars to M. ASCOUGH, The Vineries, Crosshills, via Keighley. ANTED, TWO active young MEN, age about 20. used to Cucumbers, Watering, Potting, and General Market Nursery Work. To live on the place.— State wages, where list employed, &c, to G. A. WILLIAMSON, Bloom^bury Nurseries. Timperley, Manchester. WANTED, a young MAN, willing and quick at Tying and Potting, &c. To commence at 18s.— A. B. (Stand 230), Covent Garden Flower Market, W.C. WANTED, an active young MAN, quick at Potting. Watering, and Tying for a Market Nursery. Mr. ORPWOOD, Nursery, Cowley Mill Road, Uxbridge, Middlesex. ANTED, a good MAN, for Kitchen Garden. No " Nailing."-HEAD GARDENER, The Chestnuts, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, S.E. ANTED, an intelligent young MAN, to Attend Market. Must be accustomed to Making up and Selling Seeds, and to till up the remainder of his time in the Houses, or amongst Herbaceous Plants. — R. W. PROCTOR. The Nurseries, Ashgate Road, Chesterfield. Shopman. WANTED, a young MAN, about 1'0, used to Retail Seed, Plant, and Bulb Trade, for W. suburb. One use to good-class trade.— Apply to A.B. R. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Peter Cockbubn, for the last twelve years Head Gardener to D. Y. Stewart, Esq., Barassie, Ayrshire, has succeeded the late James Bell as Head Gardener to Lord Blan- tyre, Erskine House, Glasgow. Mr. T. Vagg has succeeded Mr. W. King as Gardener to J. Theobald, Esq., M.P., The Bedfords, Havering-atte-Bowers, Essex. Mr. T. Troli.ope, late Gardener to Colonel H. Stratton Bates, Twyford Lodge, Win- chester, has been appointed as Gardener to Mrs. Conway Shipley, Twyford Moors, Winchester. WANT PLACES, POSTAL OK DEBS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be /iiled in -payable at No. 42, DHL R 1' LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B —The test and safest means 0/ Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS. FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 239, High Holborn, W.C. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queens Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors. Agents, and others requiring the servicesof GARDENERS. FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation.— JOHN DOWN1E, Seedsman, 144. Princes Street. Edinburgh. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, aud that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and first-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSONS, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, CHESTER." ROBERT BULLEN, Curator, Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, can thoroughly recommend TWO superior MEN as Head Gardeners, to Manage Large Gardens. One of them has been very successful in the Culture of Orchids. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; ghteen years' practical experience in good establish- ments in all branches. Excellent testimonials. — A. G., 5, Vernon Street, West Kensington, W. G GARDENER (Head), where another is kept. — Age 25 ; ten years' experience, both Inside and Out. Well recommended from present and past employers. — G. WALLIS, The Gardens, Knott's Green, Leyton, Essex. pi ARDENER (Head) ; married, one child.— VjT J. Blackburne. Elmstead Grange, Chislehurst, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, H. Penfold, as above. Thoroughly experienced man.— Address as above. ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' experience in good places. Thoroughly competent in all branches. Good references. Abstainer.— F. C, Tongham, near Farnham, Surrey. ARDENER (Head).— Age 36 ; married, no family. Scotch. Nineteen years' experience in Early Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Pleasure and Kitchen Garden. Five and a half years' excellent character and references.— W. B., 28, Hunt Street, Breck Road, Liverpool. ARDENER (Head).— Age 27 ; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers. Melons. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Chrysanthemums, &c. ; Flower and Kitchen Gardening, Highly recommended. — E. ASH- WELL, Brookman's Park, Hatfield, Herts. ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly under- stands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Also Land and Stock, if required. Eighteen years expe First-class references. — T. PERKINS, t Hadliam. Herts GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.— Age 34, married, one child (age 9) ; well up iu all branches of Gardening. Had charge of present Gardens eleven yeara. Good references.— T. M., The Gardens, Whitley, Beaumont, Huddersfield. ARDENER (Head), where one or more are kept.— Age 31, one boy (age 14) ; understands Stoveand Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Fifteen years ex- perience. Wife good Llundress.— C. HANNIS, Eddington House, Hungerford, Berks. ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, The Gardens, Milton Park. Peterborough, can very highly recommend James Upex, who has been with him seven years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good and reliable man. Gi ARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married; has T a thorough knowledge of good general Gardening. Highly recommended by late employer. Lord Castletown ; also Lady Doneraile and Miss Jekyll.-W. SWANBOROUGH, 4, New Road, Caversham, Reading. GARDENER (Head) ; Age 36— H. Mark- ham, for six years Gardener to the late Viscount Fal- mouth, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, is open to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a first-rate all-round Gardener ; good manager of men, and thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establishment. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman — A. McLEOI>, Gardener to the Marchioness of Headfort, Headfort Gardens, Kells. co. Meath. Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. GARDENER (Head), Age 40, married.— Mr. Ward, Hewell Gardens, Bromsgrove, can highly recom- mend to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man as above. He has had long and varied experience in some of the largest gardening estab- lishments in the kingdom.— Address as above. ARDENER (Head).— William Wasley, Blyth Hall, Worksop, last four and a half years' Head Gardener, to the late Mrs. Walker, previously fifteen years with R. W. Chandos-Pole, Esq., Radburne Hall, Derby. Thoroughly practical in every department. Testimonials of the highest standard. Now at- liberty. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 39 ; practical in all branches. Wife good Laundress. Good character. — F. KETTLE, Burrow's Cross, Shire, Guildford. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 31, single; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches. Good references. — GARDENER, 7. Egerton Cottages, Wallingford, Berks. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 40, no family ; life experience m all branches. Wife tir>t-cla>s Laundress. Good character — B. HAIRNEN, Gardener's Cottage, Blackwell Hall, Chesham,' Bucks. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; thirteen years' experience in good places, eight years in present as Head. First-class testimonials from present and previous employers.— J. WATSON, Benacre Hall, Wrentham, Suffolk. r\ ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, VX married, no family ; seventeen years' thorough practical experience in all branches of the profession. Highly recommended. Left through death.— H. MUSTOW, Yetting- ton, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, &c. First-class references from past and present employers.— Abstainer.— F. LANE, Wray Park Gardens, Reigate. Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married ; has a thorough knowledge of Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the general routine of a Large Garden. Six 'years' excellent testimonial from present employer as Head. — GARDENER, Purbeck House, Swanage. ARDENER (Head Working); age 34, married.— A Gentleman giving up his country residence will have great pleasure in recommending his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good practical man. He has a thorough knowledge of his business. Land and Stock.— HEAD GARDENER, Lincoln House, Clapham Park, S.W. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF. — Age 45, married ; Scotch, experienced in North and South of England. Good references.— W. S. CAMPBELL, 17, Prince Street, Bridlington Quay. ARDENER (Head) or FOREMAN, in all Branches of high class gardening.— Age 36 ; twenty-two years' experience.— W. B., 4, Clissold Park Villas, Paradise Row, Stoke Newington, N. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept, or FOREMAN in a larger place.— Age 28, single. Lifr experience in some good establishments. Well recommended.— FOREMAN, 27, Westfield Road, Surbiton, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where two others are kept, or FOREMAN, Iuside and Out. Age 27.— Mr. Sandeord, Gardener, Dale Park, Arundel, would be pleased to recommend his Foreman, who has been with him two and a half years, as above.— George Parrant, Gardens, Dale Park, Aruudel. ARDENER (Head), TRAVELLER, CLERK, or any position of trust.— Age 34, married ; steady, energetic, aud well educated. Unexceptional testi- monals.— W, THORNHILL, Bignell Gardens, Bicester, Oxon, ARDENER (Head, or good Single- haxded).- Age 27, single; thoroughly experienced in all branches; fourteen years' experience iu large establish- ments. Can have good reference from pre ent situation. Total abstainer. — Please state particulars to GARDENER, Springfield House, Chelmsford, Essex. GARDENER (Head), or Single-handed.— Age 33, married ; understands Forcing Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Kitchen Garden, Sec. Good character. — W. PECK, Church Road, Winchmore Hill, N. ARDENER, or GARDENER arid BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticulturil Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where another is kept. — Mairied when suited. Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, and Kitchen Garden. Three years in present place. Highest testimonials.— VV., 325, Goldhawk Road, Hammersmith, W. GARDENER.— The Yicar of Chappel, Hale- stead, Essex, can highly recommend a first-class Gar- dener, who thoroughly understands his duties. He is a good Grape-grower, and well up in Orchard-house Culture ; also Tomatos, Cucumbers, Melons, Sec. A good understander of Cows and Pigs. His Wife is an excellent Dairy-woman. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Age 30; understands Melons, Cucumbers, Vines, and Kitchen Garden. Good character.— G. W-, 4, Station Road, Lewisham, S.E. GARDENER (Single-handed, or other- wise); age 27, single. — A Lady would be pleased to recommend as above. Practical experience in all branches. — W. H., 2, Clarence Terrace, Railway Road, Teddingtou, Middlesex. ARDENER, in Small Place, or Second.— Age 26, married ; good character. Thoroughly up to Indcors and Out.— F., 10, Wellesley Road, Queen Crescent, Haverstock Hill. GARDENER (Second).— Age 23 ; seven years' experience in good places. Good references.— Mr. HILL, Estate Office, Aston Hall, Derby. February 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 183 GARDENER (Second); age 21.— A Gar- dexkr wishes to recommend young Man as above. Four years' good character.— W. J., 5, Mount Street, Ryde. GARDENEU (Second). — Age 22: seven years' experience, four years' good character from present situation and three previous.— H. HICKS, Gardener's Lodge, Woodside, Caterhani, Surrey. ARDENER (Second).— Age 23, single ; nine years' experience Indoor and Out. Four years' good character from present employer. — A. B., 158, Rommany Road, West Norwood. S.E. GARDENER (Second), in Flower or Kitchen Garden. — Age 25 ; ten years' experience Inside and Out. Two and a half years' good references. — W. G., The Wood- lands, Pipewell, Kettering. GARDENER (Second), in a good establish- ment.— Age 26; has had good practical experience in Orchids and Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fruit and Vegetable Forcing. Twelve years' experience. Twenty months' good reference. — T. \\\, 11, Lime* Road. Beckenham. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25; ten years' experience. Good character.— A. HLBBS, Creech Grange, Wareham. r\ ARDENER (Undkr), in Gentleman's \JT Garden, Inside and Out.— Age 24 ; good character.— GARDENER, Sugwas Road, near Hereford. /GARDENER (Under). — Age 19; highly VJf recommended. Six years' with present employer. — J. SHEPHERD, Stradsett Gardens, Downharn Market, Norfolk. ARDENER (Under). — Age 23; eight years' experience Inside and Out. Good character. — JOHN HOLMES, The Gardens, Leeswood Hall, Mold, Flint. ARDENER (Under).— Age 28, married, one "child (age 4) ; good experience in all branches. Well recommended Two years in present situation, four previous.— ROFFF.Y, 23, Thrale Road, Streathnm, S.W. ARDENER (Under), Inside preferred.— AOvkioniu can wit* every conBdence recommend a respectable young man as above. — T. P., R.versdale Lodge, Hanworth, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under).— Age 24, single ; over two and a half years' in present place, i character from Head Gardener, experienced in Kitchen Garden and Qeni ml Outside Work. Willing to be useful in the Houses.— W. JONES, The Gardens, The Chestnuts, Den- mark Hill, s E. To Nurserymen. MANAGER, FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, SALESMAN.— Many years' practical experie m large London Nurseries. Well up in Hani ami Soil willed Plants generally. Particulars to J. F. E., 80, Union street, Rarnet, Herts. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN or to MANAGE a Gentleman's Place for profit. — Age lift; thorough knowledge of Vine Growing, (lra|s-s. Peaches, and all kinds of fruit. Plants, and Vegetables. All descriptions of Plants for Bale and Cui Flowers for Market purposes. STwenty years1 practical experience.— A., 1, Alexandra Terrace, Penge, S.E. FOREMAN. -Age -'-\ single; good planter in a good establishment. Well up in Plants, Fruit, and Flower Growing. Abstainer. Good refers B, H. ('., -Mr. G rover, Boxruoor, II' irts, FOREMAN. — Age 27, single ; ten years' ex- perience, eighteen months' good character from Last situation J. BROOKS, the Gardens, llrnniblctye, East Grin- Stead, Sussex. FOREMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept.— Age 23; nine years' ■ I experience. Can be well recommended.— ALFRED CHILD, Houndawood Gardens, St. Alt FOREMAN, in g 1 Establishment.- -Age 24 ; two years Foreman at Wexliam Park. Well recom- mended from last i previous employers. Absta r. HARRY FOX, The Nurseries, Forest Hill. S.E. FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 28.— Fourteen years' experience in Emits and Plants, Orchids, &c. ; Early and Late Forcing.— A. HULL, The Gardens, Catton Park. Norwich, FOREMAN. Age 21; thorough knowledge of Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Ground Work Excel- lent character from present and previous employers. No objection to going abroad. — A. LEWIS, Lyrhales Gardens, Kington, Herefordshire. FOREMAN; age 25.— A Head Gardener will be pleased to recom i en I n sUoug, active, and intel- ligent voting man, with eleven years' experience, as above, where five or sis are kept. Bothy preferred.— VERTICAL, 41, Wellington Btreet, strand, w.c ITOREMAN, in the Houses; age 26.— W. H. Lisle, The Gardens, Hesleyside, Bellingham, Northum- berland, would be glad to recommend G. Hogarth (who has been with him as Second for the past three years) to any Head Gardener in want of a really trustworthy, energetic young man. FOREMAN, or Second in good Establish- ment.— Age 26 ; nine years' experience. Good character from present and previous employers.— D. HAZELWOOD, Lockerby Hall Gardens, Romsey, Hants. FOREMAN, or Second, in a good establish- ment ; age 26.— Thus. Simpsox, Nurseryman, Chelms- ford, can recommend a smart and pushing voting man as above. OREMAN, in a Small Place, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in a large one.— Age 24 ; two years in last situatiou, and rive years in previous places.— A. MANISON, The Gardens, Hartwell, Harttield, near Tunbridge Wells. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER of Hard and Softwooded Plants —Fifteen years in leading Nurseries. Experienced in the production of Cut Flowers. Can be well recommended.— H. JONES, 7, Clarence Road, Harborne, Birmingham, To French Nurserymen. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR seeks a place in France.— Thoroughly acquainted with the Cultivation of Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Twelve years' experience in different parts of the world. First-class certificates.— DIPLA- DENIA. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and FOREMAN.— A thorough good all-round man and General Plant Grower.— A. B., 7. Cromwell Terrace, Danbrook Road. South Streatham. S.W. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — Well up in all Market Stuff. — W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER for Market. — Twenty years' experience. Good reference in London and Provinces. Good Salesman.— A. B., 5, Sem Garden Cottages, Old Dover Road, Blackheath. S.E. ROPAGATOR (first-class) and GROWER for Mariet.— Age 38 ; well up in soft-wooded Stuff, Growing Fruit under Glass. Cut Flowers and Market Work in general. Good reference.— GARDENER, T. B., 7, Butts Road, South wick, near Brighton. GROWER and SALESMAN for Covent Garden.— Twenty years' experience. Good references. — HORTUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN (Finsx). — Age 22; two ' ' years in present place.— W. SIOL. Arle Court Lodge, Gloucester Road, Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 23; seven yean' experience, partly in the Midlands. oiumcmlatton from present situation. — H. SNELL, Ths Gardens, Trelissick, Truro. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21; two years' good Character from present place. - G. LEWIS, Pusey, Earfngd Berks. JOURNEYMAN, in the llousesv-^-Age- 21:j three and a half years in present situation, Uood eha- racter. O. BBUNDISH, Taverham Hall, Norwich. JOURNE1 MAN, [nside and Out. -Age 10; bothy preferred. Five years' expi rience. Good character. — If. MORGAN, Waterloo Gardens, Southampton Road Salisbury. JOURNEYMAN^ in the Mouses.— Age 22; abstainer. Seven years' experience. Good references from present and previous employer, w. groom, The Gardens, Btanmore Hall, Middles. t. Jul RNE1 MAN, under (ilass, or otherwise, in good establishment. -A. •■ |9 ; .,, j.-ars1 good reference from present situation. Bothy preferred. A. B„ The Gardens, Manor Hon ... [ngoldlsthOrpe, Norfolk. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 20; four and a half years' in previous situation, and two yean In pre I Well recommended.- W. SUTTON, The Gardens, Tein| - Great Marlon. Ilui k- JOUBNEYMAN, in the 1 1 ..uses; age 21.— it. UTDDLETON, I ■ irdens, Southampton, can recommend a strong, active young man as above. Five years in present place. Bothy preferred, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 23.— J. Akkii.i. can «iiii confidence recommend Walter Johnson as above.- The Gardens, Canon Frome Court, near Ledbury. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 10; bothy preferred. Three yeara' good character. Can be well recommended.— Mr. WARD, Gardens, stoke FMith Hereford. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; ?J two years in present situation. Can be well recom- mended.—F. FRANCIS, The Gardens, Stallage Park. Bramp- ton Brian, Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good experience. Can be highly recommended. Six and a half years' in present situation.— F. CURTIS, The Gardens, Oldown, Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under a loreman^- Age 21 ; seven years' experience Inside and Out. Good character. — F. STOREY, The Gardens, Hawthorn Tower, Seaborn Harbour. Durham. JOURNEYMAN, Inside— Age 20 ; four years' experience. A strong energetic young man desires situation as above. Excellent character. Bothy preferred.— J. JACKSON, South Lodtfc, Claydon Park, Winslow. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses; age 21.— W. Peters can with confidence recommend a steady, persevering young man, as above. — The Gardens, Givon's Grove, Leatherhead. JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— A Head Gar- denek will be pleased to recommend a strong, active, intelligent young man as above, with seven yeats' experience where live or more are kept. Bothy preferred.— VERTICAL, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a Foreman ; age 20.— F. Kixg would be pleased to recom mend a young man as above; seven years' good character. Bothy preferred.— F. KING, The Gardens, Oak Deue, Holm- wood, Surrey. TMPROVER, Inside, in a Gentleman's Garden. — -*- Age 20 ; two and a half years' good character. Premium given.— J. C, Shawrield Lodge, Widmore, Bromley, Kent. IMPROVER, Inside or Inside and Out in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18; good character. Bothy preferred.— S. G. PALMER, 111, Dalberg Road, Brixton. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 20; three J- years' good character. Abstainer.— W. SMITH, Creech, Wareham, Dorset. O NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in a Nursery, by young man (age 21). Six years' experience in General Greenhouse, Plants. Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Good character.— FREDK. LOCKE, Wyre Street. Colchester. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN, &c. — A young man seeks a situation under Glass ; has had seven years' experience in Market Nurseries. Excellent references. —A. COOK, 4, Porch Cottages, Oakleigh Road, Whetstone. 0 MARKET GROWERS. — Young man (age 2.!) well up in Growing Ferns and Soft-wooded Plants for Market.— WYTON, S, Sem Gardens, Old Dover Road, Blaekheath, S.E. 'T'O NURSERYMEN.— Young man (age 22), J- seeks situatiou in Nursery, good experience in Grapes, Tomatos, &c. Good references.— H. B., 4, Triangle Cottages. Hampton Hill, Middlesex. ARDENERS, &c— Wanted, a situation by a young man (age 19), in a Gentleman's Garden, under Glass. Good character. Will pay £.1 premium. — W. NASH, Sea View, I.W. GARDENERS, Sc.— Wanted, a situation by a young man (age 18), in a Gentleman's Garden, Inside and Out. Good character. G. D., 1, Mawson Cottages, Chiswick Lane, Ohiswick. SITUATION WANTED by a youth (age 17) in the Houses.— O. OSBORNE, Brandfold, Goudhurst, Kent TO GARDENERS.— A Youth (age IB) is desirous of starting in a good Garden. Parents would pay Premium to any Gardener who would interest himself in him. Would prefer bothy to lodgings.— K. BARNWELL, Baginton, Coventry. O NU RSERYM EN and MARKET GAR- DI'.NERS.— The Guardians of a Youth (age 16), are de- sirous of Apprenticing him to Learn the l:usin,-s uf a Nursery- man or Market Gardener. Residence on the Premises pre- ferred.—Reply to Mr. GODWIN, Solicitor, 2, North buildings Finsbury, E.C. Seed Trade. SHOPMAN. Age 21; nine years' practical experience in all brandies. First-class references.— LANCASHIRE, Gardeners' Chronicle Ollise, 41, Wellington street, strand, w.c. s SHOPMAN (Assistant). -Age 24; eight years' experience, Good knowledge of Seeds, Plant, and N ursi-ry Slock. (loud reference.— A., Gardeners' Chronicle mil . ii. Wellington Btreet, Strand, W.C. pLERK, ROOK-KEEPER, or any trust- V^ worthy position. Thirteen years' experience, Nursery and Seed Trade. Excellent references, Londou and country. H., Mr. Hurl, Knap Kill, Woking, S.W. O FLORISTS.— Wanted, a situation in a first class Shop or Nursery. Thoroughly expert in Bouquets, Sprays. Wreaths, Floral Designs, and all Cut Flower ).— X. L., 59, Camden TO FLORISTS. -Wanted, by a young Lady, re engagement In High-class Florist Business. Good references. K. II.. In. Hampton Road, Clifton, Bristol. To Nurserymen and Others. MARKET CARMAN- Age 22; good refer- ences from last and present situation.— A. REYNOLDS, 4, Paradise Passage, Well Street, Hackney. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— The Great Need.— The blood is the life, and on its purity our health as well as our existence depends. These Pills thoroughly cleanse the vital fluid from all contaminations, and by that means strengthen anil invigorate the whole system, healthily stimu- late sluggish organs, repress over-excited action, and establish order of circulation and secretion throughout every part of the body. The balsamic nature of Holloway's Pills exercises marvellous power in giving tone to debilitated and nervous, constitutions. These Pills dislodge all obstruction, both in the bowels and elsewhere, and are, on that account, much sought after for promoting regularity of action in young females and delicate persons who are naturally weak, or have from some cause become so. 184 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 8, 1890. REMARKABLE SUCCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FRUIT. GRAPES. PEACHES AND NECTARINES. PEACHES in POTS PEARS IN POTS. STRAWBERRIES. MELONS. VINES IN POTS. From Mr. PERKINS, the Right Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P., Henley-on-Thames, August 23, 1883:—" I ) have used several Vine Manures, but not auy have ever equalled Le Fruitier, through which I attribute my success last ye.ir iu obtaining FIVE FIRST-CLASS PRIZES^ ■ From Mr. CHAS. MARTIN, Lord Dacre, The Hoo, Welwyn, Herts, January 18, 1890 :— " Your Le Fruitier had a marked eflect upon my (irapes this season, especially on Madresrield Court, and Gros Colmar. His lordship said he never had Grapes so hue as this year. . . . There was a very marked improvement in the quality of Gros Col mar — much tiuer flavour with thinner skins." Mr. ALLIS, of Old Warden Park, who has taken 1st prizes for Grapes, &c, at Sandy show, for eight years consecutively, says (letter dated September 14. 1888) : — " I have this season used your Le Fruitier for Grapes, and have found them better coloured where it has been used, and carrying a good bloom. Lady Dowoes are better finished than I have had them for some years." From Mr. G. M. BREESE, Lord Leconfield, Petworth Park Gardens, September 28, 1888 : — " I have given your Le Fruitier a fair trial this season, and have no hesitation in stating that it has been very bene6cial to all plants and fruit trees that I have applied it to. Cucumbers and Toruatos have greatly improved in a short time after its application. I THINK IT AN EXCELLENT MANURE FOR VINE BORDERS, especially when mired with the soil as a top-dressing. I saw a marked improvement in some old Vines, both in size of bunch and berry. Chrysanthemums like it. and all other plints that require high feeding." . From Mr. G. CLAYDON, Woodbury Hall, Sandy, September 6, 1888 : — '• I have used Le Fruitier for Vines, Peach trees, and Strawberry plants, and we find the Grapes had much larger berries than we have had them for years, and we find it a great help to finish Peaches." From Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Lord Normanton, Somerley, Ring-wood, Hants, July 25, 1888: — "More than a two years' trial of your Le Fruitier has convinced me that it is a preparation which would be difficult to improve upon as an all-round Manure for Vines, either in pots or planted out. Some Manures recommended for Vines produce luxuriant foliage and strong wood, without however touching the fruit itself in a corresponding deg-ee. Le Fruitier seems^to benefit the fruit quickly^ From Messrs. INGRAM & WHITFIELD, Aylesbury, Bucks, July 16, 1888 :— " We have much pleasure in sending you a small present of the fruit grown by your Le Fruitier. We thought it would be more satisfaction for you to see the fruit which gained the prize, which we consider highly satisfactory, and we trust it willbe the means of increasing the sale of some further order to follow." From Mr. C. GOLDSMITH, C. A. Hoare, Esq., High Trees, Redhill, January 10, 1890: e of the very best Manures I ever used, especially for Peaches and Nectarines." -" Le Fruitier From Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Lord Normanton, Somerley, Ringwood, October 17, 1887:— "I may say that the trees to which the M mures have been applied have carried double the number of fruit ; the fruit all finished satisfactory in all that we could desire in point of size, colour, and flavour." From Mr. CoX, The Warrens, Bushey Heath : — " My Peaches this year averaged half a pound each, and I have had the heaviest crops this >ear I ever had. for which I thank Le Fruitier."" From Mr. GAIGER, The Ga dens, Blakewell, January 11, 1888 :- Manure for fruit trees. I have used it with 2 1 results for Peaches. Nectarines, &c." 1 1 find Le Fruitier a most excellent From Mr. THOS. NJTTING, J. B. Maple, Esq., M.P., Childwickbury, St. Albans, September 18, 1888.—" As I have grown my pot Peaches, exhibited at Harpenden sh.w, with your Le Fruitier, it may interest you to know that the dish of six fruita weighed 3 lb. 2 oz. : the tree carried about two dozen frails," From Mr. G. H. RICHARDS, Lord Normanton, Somerley, Hants: — " 1 send you a photo of four Pear trees in pots, grown and fed with your Le Fruitier. Size of pots — two 14, and two 11-iuch diameter ; number of fruit, 165 ; average weight of fruit, J lb. each. This speaks for itself." From Mr. T. B. LEADBETTER, A. Wilson, Esq., Tranby Croft. Hull, July 27, 1888:— " After giving your Le Fruitier a fair good trial upon pot Strawberries, I am well satisfied with results; the fact bein* that I never had forced Strawberries so fine, both in flavour, size, and colour, as they we e this season, fed entirely with le Fruitier, My employer often spoke of their size and quality, and sai.I he never had forced Strawberries so good." From Mr. T. WOOLFORD, A. Palmer, Esq., East Thorpe, Reading, February 7, 1888: — "Your Le Fruitier appears to be particularly suitable for pot Strawberries. Plants on which I trie 1 it finished nearly double the crop, and of better quality than others did of the same sort, grown side by side ami watered with manure water composed of horse and cow droppings and soot." Mr. Lippincott's Agent, of Aylesbury, July 20, 1888, writes as follows : — " Our Strawberries and Vines were dressed with your Le Fruitier, and we took 1st prizes in the amateur class at the late show." From J. OSBORN, J. N. Mappin, Esq., Southgate House: — " Le Fruitier has proved to be very From Mr. W. J. EMPSON, The Gardens, Ampthill House, Ampthill, January 25, 189J:— " You have rightly named your Le Fruitier ' The Perfection of Plant Food.' It is the best Manure I have ever used. I cut Melons, last year, fed with your Li Frul'ler. weighing from n lb. to 8 lb. each. 'J From H. PERKINS, the Right Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P., May 9, 1889 :— " I should like you to see some pot Vine* which I have fed with L3 Fruitier, everyone that has seen them say they hive never sjeu better. I believe it to be the best Manure for GRAPE GROWING FOR PROFIT. iiLE FR UITIER '' is a favourite Manure with the Market Grower, who have proved it to be the most successful Manure for producing Grapes alike remarkable for Size, Colour, Quality, and Quantity. "LE FRUITIER" is the only Fertiliser sold under Dr. Voelcker k Son's guaranteed analysis, showing 100 parts# Price:— Tins, Is. 3d.; 71b., 3s. 6i. ; 141b., 4s. ; half-cwt., 10s.; cwt., 19s. SILVER MEDAL and 20 CERTIFICATES awarded to W. WOOD & SON. Address Orders.-W. WOOD & SON, WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N, ESTABLISHED 1850. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Busine-is Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by WILLIAM RICHARDS, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury. AaxEW. & Co.. Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars, Citv of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Oarden, in the said County.— SATURDAY, Feb-uiry 8, 1S0O. Agent for Manchester— JOHN HEYWOOD. Established 1841 No. 2564. No. 164— Vol. TO {1™°} SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1890. {*£ as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d. SUPPLEMENT. \ POST-FREE, 3>(i. CONTENTS. AeriJe vanda i^.ta 199 National Dahlia Society 102 Obituary — Jlicklewrigbt 205 Mcintosh, J. M. 103 Young, G. W 192 Odontoglossum Pes. a- i0*3 torei 206 Orchid-houses 192 ,, notes Orchids at Glenthorne ... 19S Peutstemon Menziesii var. Scouleri p'7 Plain of a garden los Planting waste lands ... 202 Plants and their culture 193 Primula amcena 204 Kose hedges 205 Ko-.s, comparison among 199 Tea Royal Horticultural So- li'"', ciety 2l;i Snmbui'iis raeeuiosus ... 19 i Sequoia gigautea 198 Society— 204 R ryaJ Eforticultuial ... ktaking 198 StrdwberriftB mown over 201 United Horticultural Provident Society 197 Vandal 201 W.ather Agav Apple. Afanninmgton'a Pearmain Apples and climate Apricot, the Chinese " Sacred Lily ' Clay land, heavy Colchicum procurrens ... Cypripediums from Liver- pool English gardening, a his- tory of Epidendrum Wallisii ... Epping Forest Florists' flow-rs Fruit register Fruits under glass Cralanthus Bedoutei and G. latifolius Gardening appoinbnents Gardeners' problem, a ... Upodyera discolor Hardy fruit garden Kitchen garden ... I. a hi :iin.'|H Dawaoni ... London purple Lonilon suburban mar- MeMab, the" late i'rof. .'.'.' Illustrations. Apple, liaonington's leirmain 205 Bucharis amazmica 193 OJonlogloasum Pesca torei at Bedlanda, (See Supplement ) Pentatemon Menziesii var. Scouleri -'"t Plan of a garden... 195 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertitements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6 SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. ARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, free. -Full of useful information. SELECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS, 12j. id.. 21s., 31s. 6. 6a., 5*. 6a\, 7s. W., 10s. tja\, 16s., 21s.. and upwards. GLADIoi.i. TUBEROSES, HYACINTHUS CANDICANS, TIGRIDIAS. ANEMONE FULGENS, fcc., tor Spring Planting. DeaeriptiTe LIST free on application. BARR AXD SON, 12 and 13, King Street. Covenl Garden, W.C. EX T R A L A R G E P A L M S for Winter Gardens. Sec. 35 SEAFOBTHIA ELEGANS, 10 ARECA LUTEA and A. BAUERLT. 10 KE.NTIA BELMOREANA, 10 .. FOSl'ERIAN'A. ;w COCOS FLEXUOSA and PLI'MOSA, Also a very fine selection of the above varieties from ii to 10 feet high, in the mosl perfect c lition f..r decorative purposes. W. ICETON. Putney park Line, S.W. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890.— We hue n..u published our Ce Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also nil the best -t theaeaaon. Ha] behad on application. Anyol our customers not haling received one by post will oblige by letting a. know, when another shall at once be posted. WIIKINS *M. SIMI'S.iN. s,..t and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street. Strand. I... in Inn. W.C. UTERIS CKKTH'A CK1STATA.— Good stuff -I- InlargeTl be of this beat market Fern, 13s. per 100. Cash with order. QOWERS am. EMBERSON, Comely Hunk Nursery. Wall hamsluw . AXTON'S "NOBLE" STRA WBERRY, "LATEST of ALL," "COMMANDER," " A. F. BARRON." Jkc. Strong transplanted Runners, for spring planting, now ready. Dl pi IVS pi I LIS PS free. THOMAS LAXToN, Seed Grower, Bedford. HOICE FLOWERS choice FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY BIDES, Invent Garden, W.C. HARLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale Fl.i.nr*ls and COMMISSIOH AOENTS, He.tfnr.ll nrv. ('(.vent Garden, we . ..re OPEN TO RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Boxes forwarded. High... i Market Prices guaranl I. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nik.siuv.men, Sid. up, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Cov.nt Harden. London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS Is any iiuuntily for their Commission Department. Poxes and Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address-" COMMISSION. SIDCUP." C^UT FLOWERS a~nd Choice FRUITS J Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Garden of the North, by WM. BULMAN, Produce Auctioneer, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Telegraphic 'Address— •' BULMAN, Newcastle-on-Tyne." ANTED, large PALMS and FOLIAGED PLANTS. State sizes and lowest prices to— SLMMOSDS PROS. (Lira.), 3a. Sloane Street, London, S.W. WniTE SPANISH ONION SEED. For Sale to the Trade. WALTER HOOPER, Market Gardener, Sprowston Road, New Catton, Norwich. WANTED, Round or Octagonal Nonframed CONSERVATORY, about 28 feet diameter. Address X., Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, Advertising Agents, Manchester. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks iu the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, Hum HoLBORN, LONDON, W.C. OSES ! ROSES ! ! ROSES ! M— The bestand cheapest in the world. 40 choice Perpetuals for 21s. Purchaser's selection from J00 best varieties. CATALOGUES free on application. Tea acres of Roses, 100,000 grand plants to select from. Plant now. JAMES WALTERS. Rose Grower, Exeter. Trained Peachea and Apricots. PAUL and SON" can supply Dwarf and Standard-trained Trees of the above— indeed, their trained Trees of all Fruits are good. The Old Nurseries, Cheshuiit, N. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. I'A MELLIAS, ROSES. SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, &c. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. Select Strain of I?AST LOTHIAN STOCKS, carefully saved U from pol plants. Purple. White, Scarlet, Crimson, and White Wallflower leaved, Is., 3s. id., and 5s. per packet. IRELAND and THOMSON, Seed Merchants, 81, Princes Street. Edinburgh, The New Raspberry. T ORD REACONSFIELD. 1^ (A Seedling). The finest Raspberry and best cropper ever known. F irst-class Certificate, Boyal Horticultural Society. Canes 30s. per 100; if, per do/en. Trade supplied; Cash with order. Captain Strawberry Plants, at, per 100, Buy direct from the Grower. A. FAULKNOR, Inkpen. Hungerford. T7LETCHER BROS., have a very large stock of I St lard PLUMS and DAMSONS, also AUCUBA JAPONICA, 1 to 3 feet, bushy. Ottershaw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. J-" A S T O L F RASPBERRY CANES, For sale. 3"!. per 1000, 4s. per 100. Terms, Cash before delivery, F. 0 R.. Wisbech. Apply. MANAGER. Oslmrne House Farm, Wisbech. POTATOS and GARDEN SEEDS. All the A beat kinds, in Large or Small Quantities. Also mi immense Btook of Garden Seeds ut very Low Prices. AH Seedsmen and M;trket Growers will do well to consult our Price LIST, to be had free of HARRISON AND SONS, Ser,| Grower*. Leicester. 9()(}() SEAKALE ROOTS for Forcing, a sW V/V/V7 capital lot specially grown for extra line produce, 10*. per 100 (cash with order*. G. H. COPP, Gardens. Molnest Park, Sherborne. OCKIE'S PERFECTION CUCUMBER.— The finest Cucumber in cultivation for exhib lion or general use. Fourteen fuM cla^s G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder 's End, Middlesex. ENT.— TO BE LET, a well-established NURSERY, about 4 Acr. s ; capital Dwelling House, 4 Greenhouses, heated ; Seed and Florist Shop, with Shed and Store-room, the whole standing in a good position in a rising neighbourhood. Nineteen miles from Covent Garden. Rent, £60. Stock at valuation, which is young, clean, and healthy. D. W„ Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C. and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. SEEDSMEN who conduct their Sales and Shows without offering alcoholic drinks to their customers, are requested to send catalogues to W. W., Ripley Court, Ripley, Surrey. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have an immense stock, to which they are constantly adding, and all are offered at the lowest possible prices. LISTS with Prices and particulars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. ED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well-rooted plants. APPLES, Pyramid, good sorts, 5 to 7 feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, fine trees, 6 to 9 feet. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. VicomtesseHericartdeTliury, Stirling Castle.— TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. OEEDS and BULB S— VEGETABLE, O FLOWER, and FARM.-CATALOGUES free. 10 per cent, off for cash. Penny Packets, IS for Is. ; 100 for 4s. MUSHROOM SI'AWN, Peck, Is. 2d. ; Bushel. 3s. 9rf. Write, GARDENER ASD CO., 62, Strand, London, W.C. Fine Standard and Dwarf Named RH0DOl>KXL>R(»NS are offered, with every other description of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, at a low price, by W. H. ROGERS. Red Lodge Nursery. Southampton. To the Trade. FERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most saleable sorts— ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. POLYPO- DIUMS, CYRTOMIUMS. PTERIS. Scat 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, lew other kinds from stores, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, 110, Lcughborougb Road, Brixton, S,W. Fkbboaet 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 187 PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many sizea, gTeat quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KXNGHORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3i-inoh pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KTNGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. The Successful Transplanting of Large Trees and Plants. BOOK ON TRANSPLANTING LARGE TREES AND SHRUBS. Post-free on application. CHARLES R. KELLY, Landscape Gardener, Tarporley, Cheshire. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all the best varieties under cultivation of 1889 growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing E-tablishment, Wisbech. Bulbs and Seeds for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN and SON, of OYERVEEN, HAARLEM, beg to announce that their New BULB and SEED CATALOGUE for Spring, 1890, is now ready. It contains full details of their extensive Collections of Gladioli, Dahlias, Lilies, Begonias. Pteonia sinensis, and other Bulbs for Spring Planting, and also of a large Collection of CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS, which can be recommended with every confidence. The Catalogue will be sent, post-free, an application to themselves direct, or their Agents, Messrs. Mertens & Co., 3, Cross Lane, St. Mary-atvHill, London, E.C. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. Qd., aud 5s. per packet. Collections — Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. tid. ; 6 ditto. 3*. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42*. per dor.. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12*. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us. to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratia. .10HN LAING a.vd SON'S, Begonia Growers, Fore9t Hill, S.E. AUSTRALIAN SEEDS. LUCERNE. ORASS SEEDS. PEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYPTI. CYCADS, CASUARINA, &c„ Seeds and Plants. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Dratts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils, Sec. requested. STEPHENSON AND JOHNSON*, Seed Growers and Merchants. 9, King Street, W., Sydney, N.8.W. To the Trade SEED POTATOS. Hand F. SHASPE are prepared to make • very tow offers of all the principal kinds of Seed POTATOS, grown expressly for Seed puipceas f rom tin- finest selected stocks. The samples axe very good, and free from coarse and diseased tubers. Seed growing Est il II hment, Wisbech. " Now Is the Time to Plant Trees." RORERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen. Local 1 , and others who Intend planting thisseasoa, to Ins large and raried stock of shrubs, standard. Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, and having been urinvn in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- l.OGUKS free on application. Also to offer extra tine forcing SEAS LLE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries. Trinity Road. Wandsworth Common. Special Cheap Offer. ISAAC MATTHEWS and SONS have to offer 100.000 very tin.- plant- uf RHODODENDRON for forcing, Cunningham's White, Jacksonii, ("an. asicum pictam, PONTIOUM RHODODENDRON, ban :: to 8 inches, and intermediate sizes up to 4 feet, ubout 600,000 ; Seedling Hybrids, in sizes from 4 to 6 inches to 3 feet, about 400.000. HOLLIES. Common LAURELS, Portugal LAURELS, English yews. cui'REssrs ketinosphra, azaleas, 300, strong 1-yr. and 5-yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and particulars apply to the Nurseries, Milton and Wetley Moor, Stoke on-Trent. To the Trade I surplus). WM. BAYLOR IIAllTl.AND offers the following from SEEDS, Crop 1889 :— AQUILEGIA. Munstead White, . \i li' l LA alpina, &c. I _• OHIONODOXA LT/CIIX2E, S.2 ., SARDENSIS. [,5 primula OBCONICA, fine selected. PRIMROSE, yellow BEACONSFLELD, fipie large strain. £ §• POPPIES, Snowdrift and Mikado. I a DAFFODILS from his celebrated collecti »,* DAFFODILS, Cut Blooms of Ard Bigh, per li from open ground. Seed Warehouse, 24. Patrick Street, Cork. R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful • BEGONIAS. The best Illustraled Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. Rp'gonias for Exhibition, i'on ervatory, Greenhouse, ami Bedding, Double and Single. B. H. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. VEGETABLE & Flower Seed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. SEEDS Best Qualities Only, Prices most Moderate. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370, Post Free on application. I I Tfl T/" C/\"ftTClNiirsciies H Seed JLX J.3w» XVOV/XN O Establishment Chester. C UTBUSH'S MILL- track MUSHROOM SPAWN, Too well known to require descrip- id. Price to. per bushel (W. extra r bushel fur package), « 6d. pei ke; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unlessin sealed paek- ee and printed cultural directions closed, with oursigiiataH attached. W M. 0UTBU3H and SON, and Seed Merchants, 'ILMI N. SEED POTATOS. To Grow In CARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pur.' white skin-n great improvement on th.' ol.l variety. Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send lor Descripl I LTAXOGUE, the most complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts worth growing. j WATKINS, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM. wmilNi.T'.N, HEREFORD. SEEDS. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of the very liest quality, carriage free. CATALOGUES Posl fre applii at THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. 0 .wan), Limited, THE VINEYARD .pel NURSERIES, OAKSToN, LIVERPOOL. PURCHASERS OF TREES i ai for our special offer. DICKSONS Nurseries, CHESTER. iCOluRl|PtW't):WITH!! To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE will be pleased to • give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. Cucumber " i ockie'a Perfection." CHARLES TURNER, having purchased the Stock of this sterling new variety, is much pleased to introduce it, and can with the greatest confidence recommend it as the best Cucumber ever sent out. Price per packet, Is. tki\ and 2s. &/. Descriptive CATALOGUE upon application. The Royal Nurseries, Slough. UICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10*., 125., and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52, Market Square, Northampton. C.A AAA GREEN EUONYMUS, "VsyV/lA/ all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, Brighton. GEORGE COOPER, Seedsman, Bedford. Special offer. Terms, cash :— BEANS, Dwarf French, Ne Plus Ultra ... 16.1. Oif. per bushel. „ „ Canadian Wonder 13s. Od. ,. Early Longpod 5s. 6d. ,, PEAS. Leicester Defiance 10s. Od. ,, ,, Ne Plus Ultra 12s. Od. BEET. Nuttings. Dwarf Red, improved... Is. 6rf. per lb. CARROT, James Scarlet, Intermediate ... 56s. Od. per ewt. „ St. Valery 70s. Od. ,. Chantenay 75s. Od. ,, ONION, Bedfordshire Champion 5s. 6d. per lb. „ Silver-skin, for pickling 2s. 6d. ,, PARSNIP, Improved Hollow Crown ... 32s. Od. per c\vt. ,, ,, Elcombe's 35s. Od. \\TM. PAUL and SON respectfully invite V V orders for the following TREES and SHRUBS, which they :ir.- able to offer at specially reduced rates: — ABIES DOUGLASLT, fj to 8 feet. ISs. per dozen. .. ORIENTALIS, 5feet, 24s. per dozen. ACACIAS. 8 to 10 feet, 6s. per dozen. ALDER, 12 to H feet, 12s. per dozen. AUOUBAS, S to 4 feet, 21s. to 36s. per dozen ; 4 feet by 4 feet, 60s. per dozen. BOX, Green and Variegated, 4 to 5 feet, 12s. per dozen. BEECH, Purple, Into 14 feet. 36s. to 60s. per dozen. KIRCH. 8 to in feet, 8«. per dozen. OEDRUS ATLANTK'A. 10 to 12 feci. 60s. per dozsn. ,. UEODAUA, 8, In, and 12 feet, fit., is., aid Ills. each. CHESTNUTS, Horse. In feet, lis. perdozen. ,. ,, scarlet, lOto 19 feet, 38s. per dozen. CRYPrOMERIA ELEGANS, I feet, 2K. perdozen. „ LOBBII, ; to 9 feet, 36i per dozen, ii i i:i ,si s i.awsii.m \N \, ii to 7 feet, 18s. perdozen. ELM, English, o to s feet, is, per dozen; m to u feet, 9s.. 12S., and ISs. per dc/en. „ Huntingdon. 12 to 11 feet, l.Y< perdozen. ,, U'v.h, 10 to 12fcct, 9s. perdozen. FIRS. Larch, 4 to 6 feet quartered. Is. perdozen. „ Scotch, 5 t" 8 feet, 8i., 9»., and lis. per dozen. ,, Spruce, 6 to 7 feet, 12s. per dozen, li I.K.I 11 1 sell US. Standards. 12s. to 15s-. perdozen. HOLLIES, Green, named sorts, 8 to 10 feet, 84s. per dozen. „ Silver, s to In feet, I'-'IK. per dozen. JUNIPERUS VIRQINIANA GLAUCA, 8 to 9 feet. 60s. per dozen. LABURNUMS, 9 to lOfect, 12s. per dozen. LAURELS of sorts, 4, 5, 6, and 7 feet, 30s., 40s., 60s., and 60s. per 100. ,, Portugal, 3$ to 4 feet, bushy, 24s. per doz.en. LAURUSTINUS, 2} feet, '.u. perdozen. LIMKS. 10 to 12 feet. 18s. per dozen. MAPLE, Norway, 12, 15, and 18 feet, 1 2s , 18s , and 24s per dozen. ASH, Mountain, 12 to 1 1 feel , 12s. per doz.en. OAK. English. 7 to 8 feet, 9s. per dozen. I'INl's I'Xi'F.I.SA. pit, ,12 i, i!i is. per dozen. plunks, ig to 18 feet, 60s, perdozen. POPLARS of sorts, 12, 15, and 20 feet, 12.., 18»., and 30s. per dozen; » in 10 feet, 6>. per dozen, PRIVET OVALIFOLIUM, 7 feet, 8s. perdozen. RHODODENDRON PONTIC UM, 2 to 3 feet, 18s. per do/en, „ hybrids, 2 to 3 feet, Us. per dozen. .. named sorts, 8 to i feet, 60s, per dozen, SYCAMORE, 12to 11 feet, 15s. perdozen. THORNS of sorts, very fine Standards, 0s„ 12s., 15s., and 18s. per dozen. ,, Pyramids, Sis', and 12«. per dozen. YEWS, Common fan, 4 to 8 feet, 36s. to 72s. per dozen. ,, Common bush, 5 to 6 feet, 36s. per dozen ; 6 to 8 feet by 4 to 5 feet, 84s. per dozen. ,, Golden (eleganlLsstmn), 2 to 2£ feet, 18s. per dozen, ,, Gold Irish, 3J to 4 feet, SOS. per dozen. TRITOMA UVARIA, is. per tlozen, 25s. per 100. ROSES, Standards, 24s. per dozen ; Dwarfs, Os. per dozen, and upwards. KKtlT TREES, a fine stock of all the best varieties, including GRAPE VINES, Fruiting and Planting Canes. SEAKALE for planting, 3s. per 100, 25s. per 1000. BKEDS -SEEDS— SEEDS.— Select Stocks of Vegetable, Flower, and Farm Seeds at Wholesale Prices. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. 188 THE GA RDE NE R S ' CHI? 0 XI CL E. [Febbuary 15, 1800. ALIETZE, Rio de Janeiro, PALM SEEDS, • ORCHIDS, NEW CALADIUMS — Apply for CATA- LOGUE to Messrs. ADOLPH v. ESSEN AND CO., 73, Gr. Reichenstrasse, Hamburg, Germany. OR SALE, 850 good strong MANETTI STOCKS, 23s. ; Extra Strong Dwarf ROSES, 6s. to 10s. per dozen; RASPBERRY CANES, Carter's Proline, 9d. per dozen; RED CURRANTS. Houghton Castle, 2s. per dozen; F. O. R. Bingham Station. EDWIN BONNER, Rose Nurseries, Car Colston. Bingham, Notts. CYCLAMEN, -1 to 5 leases, [b~«7per 100. CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS, market varieties, 5s. per 10O. F. WEEDEN, Hillingdon, Uxbridge. HE GRAND NEW POTATO " COME TO STAY." — This is an excellent variety for a main crop, being an abundant cropper; having experienced it we can testify as to its great productiveness ami quality. Prices; 14 lb., 2s. id. ; 28 lb., 4s. id. ; 56 lb.. 8». Bags free for cash with order.— S. SPOONER AND SONS, Hounslow Nurseries, Middlesex. Trade Offer. ARECA LUTESCENS, XJl. 60's, 24 inches, five and six leaves, 75s. per 100. COCOS WEDDELIANA, 60s, 75s. and 100s. per 100; ditto, 9 inches, 25s. per 100. CORYPHA GEBUNGA, three leaves, 50s. per 100. KENTIA, thumbs, two and three leaves, 75s. per 100. LATANIA, BO's. 60s. per 100 ; ditto, thumbs. 20s. per 100. PHCENIX RUPICOLA, two and three leaves. 45s. per 100; ditto. SANDERII, 60's, six leaves, 75s. per 100, good stuff. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 60's, six leaves. 18 inches. 50s. per 100; ditto, thumbs, three leaves, 12 inches, 20s. per 100. Quotations given on application for larger sized Palms. WILLIAM ICETON, Nurseryman and Florist, Putney Park Lane, Putney. S.W. Telegrams — Roehampton. OSIAH H. BAT offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS : — Vicar of Laleham Fortyfold II Old Ashleaf Rivers' Royal do. Myatt's Prolific do. Snowdrop Kidney White Elephant Beauty of Hebron SnowHake And other • Pri Imperator Magnum Bonum Early Rose Regent Schoolmaster application to- 1, York Street, Borough Market, S.E. The New Early Dessert Apple. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should be added to every Collection. It i3 the best flavoured and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis- pensable as an early dessert fruit when it becomes known. Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. tirf. each, 24s. per dozen ; 2-yr. Trees, 3s. 6d. each, 3tis. per dozen; Pyramids, 5s. each; Dwarf- trained, 7s. $d. each. Full description free by post. GEORGE COOLING and SONS, The Nurseries. Bath. E. DIXON'S "PRESIDENT CARNOT " • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per packet, for season 1890. The following testimonial (one of many similar) has been received from — Mr. George Summers, Gardener to the Earl of Scarbrough :— '* In . i it Sir, — I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprouts oy the side of several other well known varieties, and have come to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety grown." Loudon Wholesale Agents:— HURST and SON, 152. Hounds- ditch, E. ; COOPER. TABER and CO. (Limited). 90, South- wark Street. Borough, S.E. JOHN ETHERINGTON DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. HOMAS PERKINS and SONS, 34, Drapery, Northampton, Have a large Stock of the following particularly well-grown and good roots : — ARTICHOKES, Globe. ACACIA, Common, 3 to 4 and 4 to 5 feet. ASH, Common, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 feet. ,, Mountain, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 feet. BEECH, Common, 1J to 2, 2 to 3, and 3 to 4 feet. BLACKTHORN, a very large stock. (Samples free.) GORSE. Common, 1, 2, and 3-year. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet. LABURNUMS, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 feet. MAHONIA Al^UIFOLIA, nice bushy stuff. PINUS AUSTRIACA. 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. „ LARICIO. 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. POPLARS, in variety, 8 to 10, and 10 to 12 feet. PRIVET, Evergreen, 2J to 3J feet. SYCAMORE, 2 to 3 feet. THORN QUICKS, for Hedges, several millions. (Samples free.) LAURELS. Caucasica. 2 to 3 feet. „ ROTUNDIFOLIA, If to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. ,, Portugal. 1 to 1J, If to 2, and 2 to 2f feet. YEWS. English, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 leet. ,, Irish, 2 to 3 feet. Special Prices on application. Telegrams—" PARAGON, Northampton." Thirty-fifth Annual Issue. W THOMPSON, Seedsman, • 34, Tavern Street, Ipswich, Invites the attention of Amateurs to his SUPPLEMENTARY' CATALOGUE of FLOWER SEEDS for the present season. It includes many Choice and Rare Seeds, exclusively in his possession. Lovers of Alpine and Hardy Perennials should not fail to apply for a copy. Free on post-paid application. The Best Present for a Gardener. V INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6d. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. GEO.JACKMAN&SON beg to offer a large and well-grown stock of the following : — FRUIT TREES— Of the leading varieties suitable for Market and Private Gardens. ROSES — Choice and Exhibition Varieties, Belected Standards and Dwarfs ; also in pots for forcing. RHODODENDRONS— Of the beat named sorts, well set with buds; also Hybrid, Seedling, and Ponticum, for shrubbery and covert planting. CONIFERS— A Large Collection for Lawns and Pleasure Grounds. SHRUBS — Ornamental and Flowering, adapted for Belts, Shrubberies, Screens, &c. TREES — Ornamental and Flowering, for Parks, Avenues, Streets, and Private Gardens. FOREST TREES— For Coverts, Screens, &c, all grown by thousands. CLIMBERS— In large variety for Walls, Trellises. Rockwork, &c, including their celebrated Clematis. G. J. & Son have also to offer a NEW CLEMATIS "MRS. BARON VEILLARD '* — a hand- some variety of the Jackmanii type. It is a vigorous grower, bearing a profusion of distinct light lilac rose flowers, of medium size, from July to October. It can be highly recommended for its good qualities, and should be added to every collection. Price on application. LANDSCAPE GARDENING— A leading feature. Plans made and Estimates given for Laying-out Estates, Public Parks, Cemeteries, Private Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds. WOKING NURSERY, WOKING, SURREY. A BIG SALE, COMPULSORY UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, From St. John's College, Cambridge, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS TENANCY, Must still go ou as many acres remain to be cleared. Ordinary Prices are superseded, and all engaged in Planting Operations should come and see, or write for particulars. Hardy Evergreens, Fruit Trees. Rhododendrons, &c. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. Purchasers must book to Sunningdale Station, S.W. Rail. KELWAY'S GOLD MEDAL (PARIS, 1889) SPECIALTIES. CATALOGUES now ready, Gratis and Post-free, Containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our SPECIALTIES FOR 1890, And Everything needful for the Garden. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. LILIUM AURATUM. In finest possible condition, hard as bricks I Order early. FINE BULBS, measuring 8 inches round, 25 for 6s. id., 100 for Six, „ „ 9 tofA inches round, 12 for 5s., 100 for 30s. „ „ 10 to 10J inches round. 12 for 7s. id., 100 for 50s. Better Bulbs impossible. Special Trade Prices. AMERICAN " PEARL " TUBEROSES, just arrived, 12s. id. per 100. GLADIOLUS COLVILLEI ALBA " THE BRIDE," 6s. id. per 100. „ BRENCHLEYENSIS, scarlet, 3*. 6.?. 100. LILIUM RUBRUM CRUENTUM, very dark form, immense Japanese bulbs, Is. each, lus. dozen. „ ALBUM KlL-ETZERI,purewhite,lL>s.doz. „ AVASHINGTONIANUM (Californian Silver Lily), gigantic bulbs, 22s. per dozen. „ HUMBOLl>TII,gigantic bulbs, l^s.perdoz. „ PARDALINUM MICHAUXIJ, large clumps, 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6rf. each. Finest obtainable quality, at very low prices. "W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, WEST GREEN ROAD, TOTTENHAM. Address for Telegrams :— " AURATUMS, London." Mention Gardeners' Chronicle. To the Trade — Stachys tuberifera. JAMES CARTER, DUNNE IT & BE ALE have grown a large quantity of this new Vegetable, and are prepared to give Special Prices for Tubers freshly taken from the ground, which is important, inasmuch as it has been proved that the imported Tubers rapidly decay. 237 and 238 High Holboru, Loudon. HARTLAND'S 56 page "YEAR BOOK" of SEEDS for 1890. Within itself unique in the extreme. His " Book of Daffo- dils " ha* no rival in the United Kingdom. His "Book of Seeds " for 1890 is not like any other publication throughout the British Isles, and there are seeds and plants uffered that no other house has yet attempted to offer. Send three stamps to cover postage, &cM and write for copy, which contains some rare hardy plants. WM. BAYLOR HA.RTLAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion: Prices extremely moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. C^HEAP OFFER for CASH.— Black Italian J POPLARS, fine stuff, 12 to 15 feet heen pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying Beeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Mower Seels in Penny Packets alsobj weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (."JOO Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO, The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. ] PLANTING SEASON. | !Iil!l(ll,V.i:l!(MVX [Forest, Fruit,! & ALL OTHER I TREES & PLANTS, ( EVERGREENS, ROSES, &c. j | NURSERIES 4QO ACRES, j 1 VERY EXTENSIVE STOCK. Inspection Invited- [ | Priced Catalogues Gratis &. Post Free. = I DlCKSONSTi^K.EJ %UlllllllllllllllilUlllll1|HIIUIIIIM SUTTON'S PERFECTION JOMATO. The Most Handsome Round Tomato yet offered. Awarded a First-class Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society. " Your Perfection is the finest Tomato I ever jrrew. The crop wonderful, much admired by everyone. Grown on a wall S.E. aspect."— -Mr. .7. Rvi'RorT, Gardener to W. Walker, Esq. Price of Seed, Is. 6d. & 2s. 6d. per packet, post-free. Suttonsseeds CENUINE ONLY FRuMSUTT0NxSONS,READINC. CHESHUNT standard APPLES. PAUL & SON Have still to offer fine (i ft. stemmed trees of THE LEADING SORTS OF APPLES. Also PLUMS. Selected trees for Orchard Planting;, from £12 per 100, downwards. The NEW CATALOGUE is ready, and should be applied for by all intending large planters desirous of starting with the best trees. THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, HERTS. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. CHRISTMAS ROSES. Plant now to Succeed. Strong clumps that have borne twelve to twenty blooms each of the Bath variety, Six for 10s. 6d. ; Twelve for 20s. Cash with order. Packing free. THOMAS KITLEY, OLDFIELD NURSERY, BATH. February Id, 1890.] THE GA RDE NE R S' CHR ONI CL E. 191 WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAINS OF ASTERS. Mixed, 6d. to Is. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. BEGONIAS. Per Packet, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. CALCEOLARIAS. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. CINERARIAS. Per Packet, is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. CYCLAMEN. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. GLOXINIAS. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. PRIMULAS. Per Packet, Is. 6d. and 2s. 6d. STOCKS. Mixed, 6d. to is. In Collections, Is. 6d. to 4s. ZINNIAS. Mixed, 6d. to Is. 6d. In Collections, Is. 6d. and 2s. IL L USTRA TED SEED CA TA LOG TLB for 1800 gratis and post-free on application. B. S. WILUAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON. N. THE FINEST MAIN CROP POTATO. SHARPE'S DUKE OF ALBANY. 2s. per Stone. A REMARKABLY HEAVY CROPPER. HANDSOME, ROUNDISH, ROUGH-SKINNEIl TUBER. COOKS DRY AND FLOURY. FLESH. WHITE; SHAPE, PERFECT; EYES, FLAT. SEASON, FROM JULY TO MARCH. CHARLES SHARPE& CO., SLEAFORD CATALOGUES POST FSEE. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Strong prepared Runners, Carriage Free. IVr do/.. Per 10O. t. d. <. ■'. LAXTON'S NOBLE, the grand new Early 1 A in n A. P. BABRON)lalton,aNewVarietie,«a 0 JO 0 COMMANDER ( ' ■'■ » 20 0 WATERLOO, splendid dark crimson ... 1 6 7 6 Per 100-s. d. I Per 100-s. d. BRITISH QUEEN ... 3 6 1 AUGUSTS NK'AISE 8 6 DR. HOGG 5 n JAMES VEITCH ... X « KING of theEARLIES 5 0 | PRESIDENT .'. 0 SIR CHAS. NAPIER :i ti SIR JOS. PAXTON ... 5 II And many others. ino plants in 10 Choice Varieties ... 5s. M. 1000 ,, 10 ,, ,, ... 33s. l)d. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. HARTLANDS GOLDEN QUILLED SUNFLOWER, "SOLEILD'OR" William Baylor Hartland submits the following relative to the merits of this plant. He has no other means than with such tes- timony of adding force to what has already been written on the subject. There is no doubt the Irish variety is quite distinct from that known in England, and he is sincerely obliged to Messrs. Pearson, Backhouse, Payne, and Cullingford for what they haw written him on the subject. *." Strong Plants (Orders now in strict rotation), 1 2s. per dozen ; |s. 3d. each. Dozen lots post-free. Single plants 3d. extra for postage. Trade Terms on application. " Your Soleil d'< >r Sunflower is certainly per- fectly distinct from the ordinary form grown in this country, and is, we think, rather richer in colour. It will Iim a decided acquisition to our English gardens. "A and C. PEARSON, " Chilwell Nurseries, Notts." "We lik<' your Solril d'Ur Sunflower very much. It is now in dower, much in advance of the ordinary form. "JAMES BACKHOUSE and SONS, " Nurseries, York.'' " Y'our box of Soleil d'Or Sunllower blooms to hand. I am much obliged for your Bending them. Several of the blooms arc much liner than the drawing or illustration you publish, and they form a really attractive and agreeable vaseful. "(' BARMAN PAYNE, " Thorn Road, South Lambeth, London, S.W." '• Ih-ar Mr. Bartland, -I am writing to tell you how very pleased 1 am with your quilled herbaceous Sunflower, I have grown nearly all the varieties of Suntlowers for many years, but of all the double Mowers I ei insider this the very best. Yours truly, " W. II. CULLINGFORD, " Kail's Court, Tunbridge Wells, London." *," The, plant has also been sent to Kew and Chiswick Gardens for trial, and PRONOUNCED QUITE DISTINCT. *,* Tear Book of Seeds for 18!»0, now ready. WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden and Seed Warehouse, 24, PATRICK STREET, CORK. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3±d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, *■ Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 188K. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 1890. THE ADVANTAGE AND UTILITY OF PLANTING WASTE LANDS.* 'I'MIK planting of waste lands has formed the -*- subject of much discussion and enquiry in all societies interested in rural economy, and the advantages accruing therefrom have been anxiously considered by all parties interested in the possession and management of landed pro- perty. From this fact alone, it is difficult to throw much new light on the subject. To say that there are great benefits arising from the afforesting of our waste lands is only stating a truism, and the object of such a paper as I have been requested to give, is not so much to enforce what is so generally admitted, as to endeavour to show the advantages arising there- from in a perspicuous form, and if possible arouse greater interest in, and demonstrate the necessity of rectifying, if possible, what is really a great national neglect. Perhaps of the three kingdoms, Scotland has done more than any other to rectify this mis- take, but that does not arise so much from a national predisposition to plant (although her anoienl name of Caledonia would entitle her to some such claim), but from the fact that of the three kingdoms, possibly she possesses more waste land than any other, and planting is the only means whereby many of her bare bills and com- paratively barren plains could be profitably utilised, We in Scotland, however, have had many noble examples of proprietors who earl}' seemed to realise the necessity of planting ; notably amongst those we may mention the names of the Dukes of Athole and Argyll, as well as Lord Haddington and many others, who, in the latter end of the last and early in the present century did much to arouse the planting spirit in Scotland, and their successors havo reaped a rich harvest from their large-minded foresight. In our own day, immense tracts have been planted by the Duke of Richmond and Lords Sealield, Lovat, and Breadalbane, besides many others * A paper read Viy Mr. C. S. France, at the a,hei I en Horticultural Association, ™ January 8, 1890, 192 THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [Febkuaky 15, 1890. whom we might name, and whose properties are now luxuriant in wood, where before it was sterile waste. These proprietors deserve well of their country, because while each may be said to have planted with the primary view of improving their own properties, they have at the same time been adding greatly to the national wealth. With all those noble endeavours, however, to clothe our hills with a crop of Nature's noblest products, there is still much to be done to fully clothe our waste lands. The question naturally arises, then, why is planting now at a comparative standstill ? We answer that there have been many influences at work during the last twelve or fifteen years to hinder its progress ; not the least important of which has been the depressed state of agriculture. There has also been very great political fearfulness and want of confidence in the existing state of things, thereby inducing proprietors who would otherwise plant, to desist from doing so. Many have not the means, on account of their largely reduced rentals ; and even those who have the means, are not disposed to use them, because that spirit of change which is pervading all our institutions induces many to think that neither they nor their heirs may ever reap the benefit of the outlay. This, however, opens up a great national economic question, which it is obvious that this is not the time nor place to discuss. Our object is, if possible, to show that under comparatively adverse circumstances, it would pay to plant, and that the doing so is not only advantageous, but useful to the possessor of land, as well as being a national necessity. The wise saying put into the mouth of the Laird of Dum- bydikes by our great national novelist, " Aye be stickin' in a tree, it will be growin' when you're sleepin'," was no less true then than it is now, and it would be well if many of our large land- owners would realise the full import of these words. The first question that meets you when you propose planting is, will it pay ? In this age of pure £ s. d. in all undertakings, this is naturally the first inquiry. Now let us see if it will pay. Speaking from many years' experience, I have no hesitation in saying that it will. It may not give such an immediate return as a crop of grain or Turnips, nor will the planter reap the full benefit of the " paying," but as a capital invest- ment, I Bay, and am prepared to show, that it will pay. Let us give an example or two, and in doing so, I do not state them as problematical possibilities, but the examples I will give are drawn from facts which have come under my own personal observation and experience during the last thirty years. Before, however, going into this more fully, I wish to safeguard myself against a common error which many writing on this subject have fallen into, viz., the over-estimating of the profits of woodlands. It is quite easy with respect to the ultimate profits of plantations to show a state of things which will represent a clear gain under any circumstances. In fact, this is too much the practice of all speculative calculators, whether as planters of trees or any other crops. We are not, however, desirous to go beyond absolute facts in endeavouring to show that plant- ing trees is the most profitable crop to grow under all circumstances ; nay more, we affirm that such is not the case, but we wish to show that there are thousands of acres of waste lands in the United Kingdom at present not worth more than from 1*. to 2s. per acre, and which if judi- ciously planted, would gradually yield a hand- some return to the proprietor, and eventually be a source of great national wealth. It is obvious that the certain lapse of time which must neces- sarily intervene between the planting of trees and their attaining a disposable size, must render any calculation made at the time of planting extremely problemetical, therefore these calcula- tions must be treated with very considerable caution ; but while this is so, there is another and equally important factor, which can never be properly estimated, and which may represent quite as much, as the pure enumera- tion of certain results represented by £ ». rf. in a given time, and that is the advantage and utility of planting in its relation to the en- hancing of the value of neighbouring exposed lands, by the shelter it affords, and the ameliora- ting influence it produces on the climate, thereby making land for other crops fertile which before was comparatively unproductive. In planting waste plantation lands, therefore, planta- tions should be laid out with a joint view to all or any of the advantages attendant upon them, and money so invested should be looked upon as the investment of capital in the same way as any other investment of land or property ; therefore, with respect to the actual value of trees in plantations as tangible capital, this can only be calculated in relation to the additional value conferred on adjoining lands by the im- provement of the climate, as well as adding beauty to the landscape, which in itself is no mean consideration in the value of property. In high and bleak situations, the proper distribution of plantations, either in screens or irregular masses, have increased the value of adjoining lands by, in many cases, one-third. When, therefore, we take into consideration the intrinsic value of the products of these plantations in addition to this, I think we make out a very fair oase in favour of planting as an investment. (To be continued.) New or Noteworthy Plants. COLCHICUM PROCURRENS,* Baler, n. sp. I have now, through the kind help of MM. Barbey and Autran and Mr. Dewary, got to the bottom of the curious Colchicum with a creeping rhizome, from Asia Minor, on which Mr. Barr asked my opinion a few weeks ago. It appears that it inhabits the mountains in the neighbourhood of Smyrna — that it was discovered by Mr. Whitall, and that it has been distributed in England under the name of Mereu- dera sobolifera. It closely resembles that plant in its rootstock, but Merendera has no perianth-tube, and M. sobolifera has very narrow perianth-segments and leaves contemporary with the flowers. Our plant has a long perianth-tube, an autumnal flower * Colchicum (Blastodes) procurrens. Baker, n, sp. — Khizomate repente cylindrico horizontal!, vel obliquo extremitate uncinato tunico membranaceo brunneo ; foliis tribus veroalibus linearibus obtusis ; flore solitario autumnali ; spathacylindrica tuboquam limbo duplobreviore; segmentis ob- lanceolato-oblongis sesquipollicaribus haud tesselatis; antheris luteis filamento aequilongis ; stylis staminibus aequilongis. Rootstock a horizontal or oblique thick fleshy rhizome an inch or more long, with a thin brown membranous tunic, hooked at the end. from which the flower of the previous year has come, not bearing any tooth on the upper margin. Leaves three to a sheath, produced at the beginning of February, linear, l-6th inch broad, dull glaucous green, channelled deeply all down the face. Flowers one to a spathe. prodaced in October. Spathe pale, seanose, cylindrical, 3 inches long, oblique at the throat. Perianth with a pale cylindrical tube protruded 2 inches from the spathe, altogether i inches long ; segments oblanceolate-obloug, above an inch long, plain bright lilac, with a distinct groove down the claw. Stamens | inch long; anthers lanceolate, yellow, sagittate at the ba^e, about as long as the filaments. Styles reaching to the top of the anthers; stigmas small, terminal, capitate. ./. G. Baker. very like that of Colchicum autumnale, and leaves that do not appear till spring. I have never before seen a Colchicum with a creeping rhizome. A plant with that character from the mountains of Laconia, in Greece, is described by Boissier in the Flora Orientalis, vol. v., p. 146. It was discovered by Pro- fessor Orphanides, and named by him Colchicum Boissieri, and upon this Boissier's section, Blastodes, is founded. The plant from Smyrna, it was obvious, was closely allied to this, but we had no specimens of it for comparison. Now MM. Barbey and Autran have kindly lent me the type specimens, and I find that Mr. YVhitaH's plant is distinct specifically. C. Boissieri has only two leaves to a cluster, and they are longer and more acute, its spathe is herbaceous and green, its rhizome is more slender and cylin- drical, with a curious tooth from its anterior edge, and it is not hooked at the end. We have received the Asia Minor plant at Kew under the name of Merendera sobolifera, and it is now producing its leaves in the herbaceous ground ; and it is mo9t likely it has been distributed ia other collections under the same name. J. G. Baker, Kew. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. A plant so generally popular — and deservedly so — as Eucharis amazonica, receives always great atten- tion from the gardener, and any methods of culture which may have resulted in an abundance of large blossoms and healthy foliage are eagerly sought after. The plant figured on p. 193 is, as will be seen, an example of first-class cultivation, and an object of beauty which any gardener might point to with pardonable pride. We will let our correspondent, Mr. W. Dean, of Solihull, Birmingham, who kindly sent the photograph in November last year, describe this plant and its culture in his own words : — " One of the finest specimens of this plant we have yet seen has recently flowered at The Heuburys, Moseley, Birmingham, the residence of G. F. Lyndon, Esq. Eucharis are well grown here, one plant especially deserving notice, because of its size, its perfect health, and colour and size of the foliage, and abundance of fine flowers. This plant is in an 18-inch pot, and about six years old, and has had four repottings in the last four years. It is 4i feet high, 5 feet through, and had 3(5 flower stems, with quite 220 blooms on them, the flowers large, and the foliage in the best of health. Mr. John Bluck, the gardener, uses a soil composed of good loam, a little leaf soil, some broken sand- stone, and a few half-inch bones, with plenty (quite six inches) of drainage to allow water to escape freely. He finds that the roots adhere to the sand- stone, and evidently derive benefit therefrom. The plants are kept through the winter and spring in a temperature of from 00° to 65°, but when blooming they are removed to a cooler house, but if kept too long, then the foli- age suffers and decays. Watering is an essen- tial point with Mr. Bluck. He uses very little directly on the soil, and then only in hot weather, and manure-water, and resorts to frequent syringings into the foliage, always with clean manure-water, using this freely in the growing season, but he never allows the plants to dry off. Too much soil in the pots and too much water at the roots Mr. Bluck holds to be injurious, and he trusts more to the copious syringings of the plant with weak manure- water. Some diseased bulbs of Eucharis sent to the Henburys some time since were washed and placed in a pan of sand with sphagnum at the bottom, where they grow freely, and were soon restored to health. THE APRICOT. Why is it that the Apricot is not more largely grown ? Is it on account of its uncertainty of fruit- ing, the dread of branches dying off so mysteriously and so frequently, just as the fruit is beginning to ripen P or is it because of the collapse of Febbuaey 15, 180O.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 193 the flower-bads just as their expansion is ex- pected ? It may be that all these reasons may account for its neglected cultivation. If my conjec- tures are the right ones, I have no hesitation in saying that such bogies as these, which are so easily laid, ought not to frighten gardeners who have far greater difficulties to surmount in their daily occu- pation. Let us take the dreaded evils mentioned ad seriatim. First, " the uncertainty of fruiting." This is common to all fruits, and to Apricots more believe, to the immaturity of the young shoots, and the consequent imperfect development of the fruit buds, so that even if they do not drop prematurely, they are barren of pollen, and so fail to set. A partial, and only partial, remedy, is to select the most favourable aspect for the trees, and I find that one that is due west is far better than the due south side, on both of which we have had good crops of fruit, but the west has proved itself the better. There is one other item which in some degree may prove despair, the attempt to ascertain the reason why it is that branches of Apricots die off so mysteri- ously, but I claim to have found a remedy, and that is the keeping a reserve stock of young trees to replace those that die off in this manner. By this means I have been able for years to keep every foot of the wall that is devoted to Apricots fully furnished with fruit-bearing trees. Next, as to the " collapse-dropping of the flower buds just as they seem likely to unfold : " the FlO, 31.— K0CUAH5 AMAZONICA. (sEE F. 192.) than other trees, so that I will not lay too much stress on this fault, because I believe the evil may to some extent be overcome. Apricots are usually far too precocious. As this year many of the flower-buds were half expanded on January 16, failure will almost certainly ensue if sharp frosts set in, if the trees remain unprotected. The appli- cation of efficient protection, therefore, meets one half of this difficulty of uncertain bearing; the other half is not quite so easily remedied, being due, as I helpful in warding off this Uncertainty of fruiting and that is the application of slight autumnal protec- tion to trees that have made growth late in the season, and which, when early frosts set in, get crippled, and the wood remains immature. I do not pretend to have fathomed the why and wherefore that trees die piecemeal, hut I have also not been able to accept as correct any of the many theories which have been pro- pounded on the subject ; in fact, I have given up in most common cause of this, I believe, to be drought, dryness at roots in autumn, at which season it is just as necessary to have the roots in full activity as it is when the fruit is swell- ing off, and the same vigorous root action should be encouraged till the buds are hard and brown there would then be little cause for alarm as u> bud dropping. Immaturity of buds, by reason of un- genial autumn weather, is no doubt sometimes the cause of a percentage of the buds dropping, but in iu 4 THE GARDENERS' CilfiO NICER [i'EBSDABY 15, 1890. the majority of instances, autumn drought is the cause. The disposition that we all feel to " rest and be thankful " after the harvesting of a good crop of fruit, tends to the forgetfulness of the fact that the fruit of next year is being manu- factured, and this, and the neglect of the trees after gathering the fruit, are sure to end in failure. On our light soil, we find it necessary to water the trees even more copiously after the fruit is gathered than previously, and rarely indeed have we to complain of an Apricot crop that is under average. Having no practical experience of growing the Apricot under glass, I feel reluctant to say any- thing on the subject ; yet from examples of culture in some neighbouring gardens, I have formed a very decided opinion as to the merits, or rather demerits, of the system. I said " demerits," and surely that is the right term to apply when never once have I seen through a long series of years trees under glass bearing what one would be justified in describing as one-third of a crop, and in many seasons not a fruit at all. I shall, therefore, have to change ray views greatly before I am prepared to advise the growing of Apricots in orchard-houses, either planted out or in pots. The latter mode might possibly be suc- cessful, because, the trees being portable, they could have the desired rest and exposure to the atmo- sphere by plunging the pots in leaves. But at what a cost of labour a crop of fruit would be bought! Watering, top-dressing, housing and unhousing ! No; I'll have nothiug to do with growing Apricots either in pots or in houses. I will let well alone, and keep to growing the fruit on walls having a west aspect, and in soil not enriched by animal manure other than such as is applied to the surface in the form of mulchings ; but in good sound loam, with a fair percentage of chalk, added to loams that have not this ingredient in a natural state, and pounded oyster-shells and half-inch bones, if obtain- able, should be added at the rate of 1 cwt. to every three loads of loam. This kind of compost is the perfection of an Apricot soil, less the pounding to be done soon as the trees are planted ; and the harder it is rammed at that time the better will the roots be, because having, as it were, to fight their way through the hard soil, side rootlets are formed, whilst the principal roots are boring their way to the outside limits of the border. Having tried nearly all known varieties of Apricots, I have reduced the number to four ; they are Shipley's, Royal, Moor Park, and Peach, sometimes called GrossePoche. W. WUdsmith. [This article has a sad association, as being the last written for us by its lamented author. Ed.] PLAN OF A GARDEN AND SURROUNDINGS. The garden (a plan of which, and the grounds surrounding it, see fig. 32) was laid out for a gentleman near Emsworth by Mr. Baines, of Palmer's Green, N. The place is situated at a short distance from Emsworth, on its northern side, and the London, Brighton, and South Coast Railway — from which the place may be seen — bounds it on the southern side. The sea, which comes close up to the opposite side of the town, is about a mile distant from the property, and although the influence of the sea air is felt, most of the best kinds of evergreens and deciduous trees and shrubs thrive and do well, many things succeeding which, further inland, suffer in Bevere winters. In the planting, only well proved species and varieties of Coniferaj have been used, those that are doubtful, or that only succeed in exceptional localities, being excluded. The best kinds of evergreen shrubs, and all the best deciduous flowering shrubs and trees, including many fine things that are not now so often met with as their merits entitle them to be, have been introduced in quantity. The shelter belts on the outer portions of the grounds consist mostly of Pinus Laricio and P, austriaca, with small growing deciduous flowering trees at intervals in front. As is often found in districts near the sea, there is not very much undulation in the surface for a con- siderable distance ; but the land falls gently from the site of the house on the eastern side, and also to the west, in which direction, as well as to the north, there are extensive views. Only the garden and its immediate surroundings are shown in the plan. In the general arrangement of the place, convenience in getting about it, as well a^ appearance, have been kept in view, and provision h.is had to be made for a small herd of cows and other farm stock. The letters indicate as under : — A. Orchard. b. Farm buildings. c. Yard. d. Stables. e. Coach-house. f. Range of plant and fruit houses. G. Herbaceous border. h. Kitchen garden, j. Herbaceous border. A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. I do not remember to have read anything so interesting as the correspondence upon this subject. It goes down to the very root of the matter, and enables one's perhaps somewhat hazy ideas of the relation between botany and cultivation to assume form and substance. A man who has never grasped the first principles of plant-life, though he may succeed to a certain extent by " rule-of-thumb," can never make a really good gardener or cultivator ; and a good solid foundation of knowledge in this or auy other calling, one may build up anything ; with- out it only a shaky superstructure can exist, which may topple over at any moment. The foundation cannot be too strong; our knowledge of first prin- ciples cannot be too great ; and there is nothing like discussions of this kind to strengthen the one and increase the other. I am not an "authority," but cannot refrain from saying a few words on the sub- ject, if only as one who has given this and kindred mutters some considerable amount of thought and study, from the point of view of a practical cultivator. There can be little doubt that Mr. Dyer is per- fectly right as regards the greater part of his remarks and premises, though I cannot agree with him in toto. In the problem referred to, we come face to face with a seeming anomaly, almost a paradox. Nature is usually so consistent, so just ; her laws, like those of the Medes and Persians, are unalterable, and try as we may, we cannot cheat her in the smallest degree. This is doubtless one reason of the intense reverence accorded to her by those who know her best. We see, we admire, we revere, but we cannot always understand or follow her in all her marvellous operations. Now and then the Btudent of Nature must expect to meet with such a problem as the one in question, and though no exact and positive answer to the question of "why?" or "how?" may be found, still inquiry, argument, can do no harm, but may and probably will do good. The matter may be argued thus : Nature, the all- wise, having the entire management and distribution of the innumerable genera of vegetation in her own hands, would, it might be presumed, allot to each individual the position and conditions best suited to its greatest well being and highest development. But in practice we find that, to all appearance, this is not exactly the case, and that — again I say appa- rently— better results are obtained under greatly, if not totally, different conditions to those under which the plant exists in a state of nature ; and again, more puzzling still, that when we attempt to imitate these natural, and, therefore, supposittlously best conditions, we frequently fail altogether, This can only be accounted for in one of two ways, either We are altogether wrong in our conclusions, or else there is some good and cogent reason for the apparent anomaly, which we cannot, or have not yet, fathomed. For my own part, I incline to believe that it is almost entirely a question of conditions. Every plant that grows succeeds best under not one, but a certain set of conditions. Disturb one, and you must alter others ; if we cannot imitate the whole, we must discover a totally or largely different set. Here it is that the empirical skill of the true gar- dener comes in. As Mr. Dyer justly remarks, a really expert cultivator knows instinctively what a plant, with the nature of which he may be unac- quainted, requires. He must proceed tentatively, and may not succeed at first, but soqner or later he will do so. Like a skilful physician, he must be an expert at diagnosis, he must have the power of seeing through the plant, as it were, and though destitute of any definite guide to ascertain, as by instinct.what will suit it, and what not. Constitution is an excellent word as applied to plant-life. Without doubt, every plant that grows possesses a constitution equally with a human being, and the similarity between the two may be worked out to a really marvellous point. The chief differ- ence is that it does not, as a rule, vary in different individuals as it does in the human and other animals, or, at least, in nothing like the same degree ; generally speaking, any set of conditions or treat- ment that will suit one individual of a given species and variety will suit all. The facts upon which the discussion is based are indubitable ; let me cite a few instances that have come under my own notice. Take for example, the common Azalea indica, of which so many thousands are annually imported from the Continent. In Holland they are grown in beds of soil composed chiefly of leaf-mould and sand ; but if we plant them in similar material here they fail ! With us nothing suits them like peat. Then look at the Persian Cyclamen, which in its native state flourishes in sandy loam on the rocky hillsides of Palestine, where for six months out of the twelve it is literally roasted. In this country we find it succeeds best in a partially shaded spot in summer, the pots being plunged in some moisture-holding material, and the soil never allowed to become dry ! If dried off according to the old practice, the roots dwindle and die. Take the Arum or Calla again : here we must keep it growing all the year round, giving abundance of water throughout the hot weather ; but I have never seen it flourish as it does in Australia, where, between the parched soil and the blazing sunshine, the plants get such a roasting, that from about February till July or August they are absolutely leafless, and get not a drop of water perhaps for months. Yet under these conditions I have turned a plant with two crowns out of a 6-inch pot into ordinary soil, and, without any attention, in two or three years' time it became a grand clump a yard across, bearing thirty or forty blossoms at a time ! The Correas, Epacris, Ericas, and other hard- wo jded plants of Australia grow for the most part in a poor sandy loam, which becomes soaked aud sodden during the winter or rainy season, and parched to an incredible degree in summer. In the " stringy bark " (a variety of Eucalyptus), where this class of plants is very abundant, the soil is generally a fine, nearly whit? sandy loam — just such stuff as builders like for making mortar ; yet here we must grow them in peat, and give water With the greatest care during the season of rest. There Cucumbers and Melons luxuriate in the open ground, exposed to the full blaze of a tropical sun, and yet seldom, if ever suffer from red-spider. The fact is, that it is simply impossible to imitate here exactly the conditions under which many exotic plants are found in a state of Nature. Tem- perature we can control, of course, and moisture also, both atmospheric and in the soil, at least to a large extent. Shade, too, we can give ; but what about light and atmosphere? The limitless flood of dazzling light, the dry, crisp, tense, stimulating atmosphere of an Indian, an African, or an Aus- tralian summer, it is absolutely impossible to imitate here even in a faint degree. Fortunately for us, the set of conditions under which a plant is found to succeed naturally is not the only one in which it can February lo, 18S0.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 195 exist or even flourish ; a largely different set will often answer the purpose nearly or quite as well, and sometimes better. Instead, therefore, of term- ing the constitution of plants generally singularly inelastic, I should say rather singularly elastic. Were it otherwise, we should find it impossible to culti- vate many subjects at all in our climate. A know- ledge of the normal conditions under which a plant is found is undoubtedly a guide to the treatment proper to it, but by no means an infallible one. out moisture, which generally obtains in this country ; the other the rest in intense heat, without moisture. Thus, in Mexico and some other parts of the world, plants remain dormant during the intensely hot season or summer, and bloom in the rainy season or winter. But is a resting period an absolute neces- sity after all ? In the Sandwich Islands plants are growing, flowering, and fruiting all the year round pretty equally, and the time at which a crop, say, of Sugar-cane, or whit not, is to be harvested, is ploughed up, do millions of Eucalyptus seedlings spring up immediately where there were none before ? B. C. B. A few years ago I took some young Helleborus feetidus from a chalky slope near Maidstone, and planted them in my sandy, sloping garden ; every one of them died in winter, in spite of watering, &c. I then procured some more from Arundel of the same size, and also from a chalky slope, and planted ZOO ,300 ,400 F' f 10. 32.— PLAN OF A CIAHDEN, ARRANGED BY MR. BAINES. (See P. 104). As regards the question of fest, that opens out, If possible, a still wider field for speculation or argu- ment. It is generally regarded as an acknowledged fact in English horticulture that for almost every* thing a period of rest, as complete as possible, is desirable, and in many cases it is absolutely indis- pensable. But the conditions of such rest vary in a remarkable degree. Briefly, it may be said that there are two principal ways in which plants rest or hybernate — one in a low temperature, with or with- determined by the season of sowing OP planting. It seems to me that the elasticity of plant consti- tution— of Nature's laws, rigid as they are in many respects — is simply marvellous. But Nature abounds in the marvellous. Why does the common Nettle almost invariably follow the footsteps of man, though unknown before 1 Why does white Clover almost always appear in soil that has been brought up from a great depth ? Why, when a bit of land in the Australian bush is simply them oh chalk re/use (of Whiting manufacture) about a foot deep. They are now vigorous plants, not only flowering freely from decumbent stems, but forming vigorous erect shoots for next year's flowers, after the manner of the plant. There is one tor on Dartmoor consisting of trap rock, known as Bochs Tor — the only trap hill on the moor — and at a limited range, neither above nor below, a belt round that hill, there grows a little moss, Glyphomitrium Daviesii, which grows nowhere else on the moor, and 196 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [February 15, 1890. is, I believe, nowhere found on other kind of rock. There is another little moss, Didyraodon gemma- ceas, occurring only (so far as is known) in three counties in Great Britain, but invariably on thatch just beginning to rot, and capable of holding a limited amount of moisture, but it is found nowhere else. Now, these two latter plants seem to point out in almost speaking manner that the conditions by which their life is bounded are narrow, for they refuse to grow anywhere or everywhere, although two other mosses, Funaria hygrometrica and Ceratodon purpureus flourish almost anywhere and everywhere in the habitable globe. I doubt not, however, that there is a relation between the structure and chemistry of the plants and their life, regulated by laws of which we are ignorant at present, a plant may in one place meet with conditions which do not favour its vegetative growth, and its reproductive growth then develops at the expense of the vege- tative or vice versa but the undue development of flowers can scarcely be considered (except by the horticulturist), a sign of the vitality or vigour of the plant any more than the numerous and often beau- tiful offspring of many consumptive mothers. An instance of the vice versa, is I think, the Horseradish, which I believe never fruits in this country. Some of the conditions of its life are met and it vegetates strongly, but it is like the little moss CE lipodium Gritlithii which fruits freely near the summits of the Welsh mountains, but on the mountains of the Arctic zone barely subsists and produce only gemmae. At pre- sent we are like the doctors of past ages, who gave re- medies which relieved or cured, " they did, but they didn't know why ; " but now modern chemistry has shown what the action of the drugs was due to, and in a few cases has even proved how the active re- medial agents are produced. The gardener has hitherto experimentally found out what suits various plants, but as Professor Huxley intimates, " The gardener doesn't know why the conditions do suit." I must own I quite agree with Professor Huxley's objection about the word constitution as applied to a plant, just as I object to the term catalytic in chemistry, or catalepsy in pathology, A term like these often blocks the way to further enquiry. I believe in making the conditions of a plantas natural as possible, if you first ascertain carefully what those conditions are. For instance, if the Parsley Fern be planted with a " stone in the middle of the tuft," as some recommend, it does not do so well as if the natural conditions are exactly followed, viz., its roots in water which trickles under the stones. Anyone seeing some of the Australian plants growing in dry sand, and not ascertaining if there is water below, might naturally try to grow the plants in sand, and be surprised at the plants not growing in what was too hastily concluded to be their natural condition. There appear to me to be conditions in every plant's life absolutely essential to its growth, and others not essential. Two of these I take to be temperature and degree of moisture. These may possibly be connected with the thickness or thinness of the cell-wall, as in the Oleander and Dahlia, or with the ratio between evaporation and absorption, as in the Lilac (where the stomata are said to be 160,000 to the square inch). I feel sure, with Pro- fessor Huxley, that the constitution is dependent on certain laws, and that so long as we are content with a word to cover our ignorance of these laws, we shall not investigate them. X. » — — Of course, it is to be admitted at once with HerrMaxLeichtlin, that "a gardener having a know- ledge of plant geography, and the climatology of the various countries of the globe, is more likely to be successful in his empirical work than another who has no notion at all of the above sciences." Those words are self-evident enough ; I only believe that they do not take one very far. If I were to put Lilium Washingtonianiumin dry, calcareous soil, or ltosa berberidifolia in a dark overhung spot at the back of my house, or Saxifraga Vandelli in stiff clay on the level, it is certain that the swamps of America, and the sandy stretches of Persia, and the high Alps of the Tyrol, would rise up in judgment against me, and such malpractices would be con- demned ; but I submit that, with a knowledge by all that, many experiments may still be required before these three plants will be satisfied ; and I venture to think that the surprises and mystifications of a garden are so great as to throw one on empiricism more than anything else. I daresay it may result in killing off a lot of valuable things (as Max Leichtlin seems to fear), but one would have gained knowledge of it so as to triumph in the end ; so it has been here, I am sure, times without number. One of my greatest pleasures is to see plants growing quietly and vigorously at last, which used to cause me the utmost anxiety and bother. Bat this has come about only after experiments that were repeated again and again, aud over the dead bodies, so to say, of many and many departed friends. I can only speak for myself, and the garden in which I have been working for more than twenty years. I re- member when I began to make a collection of plants, and some new thing came into my hands, that I always made a point of questioning it about its original habitat, and I tried to find out from books what its natural surroundings are, and what therefore I imagined it would require. The next thing was to imitate those conditions in the most servile manner possible, and the next following upon that was to see my new possession fading away and perishing before my eyes. This made me think, and I could not help coming to the conclusion that there was a screw loose somewhere, if the expression may be used, which vitiated the proceedings altogether. The next erfbit was this : I have tried a difficult and heart-breaking sort of plant in several varying ways, and not infrequently it has succeeded in that which antecedently to experience I should have deemed to be the least likely of all. Here was a new revelation, and it led me at once to compare one thing with another, and to look for enlightenment alike in failure and success. If it be true, as Sir Charles Strickland says — and I think it is true — that " not only every species, but every individual plant has a constitution of its own which requires to be studied," it follows from it that incessant watchfulness, very careful comparison, and a sort of mental tabulation of different rates of progress, must be conducive to — or rather it should be said, indispensable for— any cul- tivator's success. Let me give an instance or two of what I mean. I suppose Mutisia decurrens is admittedly a very troublesome plant to manage ; it is apt to look well one day, and it may the very next day be smitten like Jonah's Gourd to the ground. I have seen it at Kew, and then I have seen it not. It has well-nigh broken my heart times without number. When I consulted my books I could get very little more information about it than that it is a native of the Andes and New Grenada. As to complying with its own natural conditions, I might as well have tried to do so if it had been a denizen of the moon. What the whole thing has turned on in my case has been the prosaic matter of drainage. It is, however, rather a difficult one to decide, for too much drainage will dry it up, and starve it in that way, and too little may cause some stagnation of water about the roots, and that is fatal at once. The whole business is one of proportion, and nothing in the world that I can see could have made this plain, but experiment and failure. Intelligence from the Andes would not have been likely to say that a slight elevation of a few inches above the level of the ground is bene- ficial to this Mutisia in many gardens of England. Or to take another instance of the same sort of thing, only more direct perhaps to the point. Knowing, as everybody else knows, what a study Mr. Churchill has made of the Primulas of the Alps— and how great an authority he is with regard to them — and also knowing that he would be sure to help me if he could do so, I asked him about a year ago before making a rather large rockery for their reception, what hints he could give me regarding any special requirements. I have his very kind letter on the table before me, which gives the view of a most skilled and accomplished botanist. It runs thus in one place, " I should say they do be3t between pieces of rock, with a minimum of soil for their roots to run into," and I dare say it may be. so in the mountains, and this is all my friend had in his mind's eye when he was thinking about them— but then his point of view was not my point of view at all, and I was certain that death and destruction would have waited on them in my arid and burnt-up garden if I had squeezed them in that way. What they want here in my garden— and I speak of none other, for it is the only one I have tried— is a sufficiently retentive soil — and plenty of it to insure moisture in summer. Given only that, and of course shade, so as to make it to be possible, and rrimulas do not any longer sigh for the Alps at all. But experiment only has made this plain. The most forcible illustration, however, which I have to offer of my position comes from the Coutinent. As your readers are doubtless well aware, one great crux of gardeners during the last few years has been the growth of Clianthus Dampieri with success. It is one of the most magnificent flowers in the world — but, hitherto, it has not been so amenable to culture as could be desired. The reason for repeated failure I believe has been that efforts were only made to reproduce Australian conditions in Europe, and this was found to be impossible. Now, however, the problem has been solved in a very simple manner. A nurseryman at Qtiedlinberg, near Berlin (Louis Vieweg) grafts Clianthus Dampieri on C. puniceus, and all difficulty is over at nnce. Clianthus Dampieri was the glory of a garden in Kent last year, and I trust it will be of mine during the ensuing summer. Its splendour is magical. The Dean of Adelaide told me a few days ago of the enchanting prospect he has beheld when a large tract of country was quite reddened with this glorious flower. It is only very certain, however, that Clianthus Dampieri never managed to produce such a wonderful effect by getting itself to be grafted on C. puniceus. The ingenuity of the Quedlinburg nurseryman has done better for it in Europe than any imitation of Nature could have done. Sometimes it is to be admitted that experiments mock me, and then I am altogether adrift. I have always considered Lithospermum Gastoni to be a difficult plant to establish, and because of that it seemed well to try some three or four plants I lately received in widely different places, so that I might get on with perhaps one or two. But this time there was not a failure among them, and even leaf-mould upon the level seems to be quite as acceptable as the more orthodox and dry calcareous soil on an elevated spot. It is a mystery which I cannot unravel except by throwing myself on the dictum of Sir Charles Strick- land, to which I have referred above. These pros- perous specimens must have a far hardier constitu- tion than any others which I received before. In- stance upon instance might be given where plants seem to lose their proper characteristics altogether. The late Sir George Hutt always used to say that the way in which I grow Rosa berberi- difolia with success differs in toto from the way in which he used to see it growing in Persia, and I am equally certain that the way in which he saw it growing in Persia would be destruc- tive to it here. I have seen Anemone vernalis growing by the hundred in pure peat at the foot of the vast Glacier d'Otemna ; but here it will put up with anything, and is not particular at a'l. Polygala Chamaebuxus purpurea does far better in undiluted leaf-mould than in anything else ; but I suppose it never heard of such a thing before all the days of its life, and so one might run on to any amount. Plants seem to me to forget from whence they came, or, at any rate, to think little about it ; and assuredly there is very often a fallacy when we think we have translated the conditions of one country into those of another. The prince of all gardeners in Europe says that Tropneolum speciosum (vide p. 141) will not grow to the best advantage in a south- ward position. There can be no doubt at all about that in Baden-Baden, and perhaps in Chili, Febeuary 15, 1890.] THE GABDEXEBS' CHRONICLE. 107 from whence it comes ; but is he not confusing cause and effect ? I submit that what Tropoeolum speciosum hates so much is to have its little wiry rootlets dried up ; and as bright sunny exposure is oftentimes conducive to that, it so far, but only so far, declines to submit to it ; but take it to some very dripping locality, and where the rays of the sun have not the fierce violence which they evince at Baden or in the Isle of Wight, and it will surprise m? if Tropaaolum speciosum will think much about a difference between a northern and southern situa- tion, excepting that it will like the latter the better. If an inhabitant of the Orkney Isles went to Chili for his servile imitation about this plant, I suspect that he would find out his mistake. But before many weeks are over, I hope to be enlightened about a great many things at head-quarters from Max Leichtlin himself. With regard to the two instances which Mr. Elwes has given, I have been told — though I have not yet tried it myself — that nothing improves Cypripedium spectabile so much as copious libations of manure- water, but surelv it must be innocent of all that in its own native woods, and the best Disa I ever saw was growing in water, though I never heard of its being counted as an aquatic — so elastic was it, how- ever, with regard to this point. When Professor Meehan of Philadelphia, U.S.A., was last in England he visited my garden, and what seemed to strike him more than anything else was the way in which Cvpripedium spectabile succeeds in it. He said " We cannot grow it so well in America." Now it is certain that no black peat or peat of any Bort is used for its sake, and yet according to the American professor there is nothing left to be desired about the matter at all, or, as it might be more strongly put, we can by the aid of experiment grow Cypripedium spectabile much better in this country than it can grow itself in its own home. I have seen precisely the same thing happen with plants in other places. I am sure that Kamondia pyrenaica a lew years ago was quite as happy in Mr. Hammond's hands at St. Albans Court near Canterbury as it is in the Pyrenees. I know that Mr. Elwes is a most accomplished traveller and botanical gardener, and I wish he would teach me many things; but I cannot help thinking that it is just because he is so well acquainted with the habitats of different plants that he tries to imitate them too narrowly. I suppose it is the totality of their surroundings which is the really important thing that plants have to consider, and perhaps one thing out of gear disarranges and neutralises all the rest. At any rate, I am not much of a believer in a successful imita- tion of Nature when it goes to great length?. I think that some empirical adaptation of the means that we have at command to the wants of our plants is more likely to answer — if not at once — yet still eventually it will be so, and the whole business in my eyes comes to this : we must interrogate our favourites by day and by night, month after month, and year after year ; it is a matter of sympathy and devotion to their wants more than anything else, and if they do vouchsafe to tell us a little about their desires by a sickly appearance or sudden death, which sends us into mourning at once, or by their radiant smiles which serve only to captivate and delight, we must alter our methods accordingly, trying this and then trying that. We must be ready to change, modify, and improve, we must be bound to no a priori conclusions whatsoever, and I for my part humbly throw in my lot with the Director of Kew I I aniens, and I think he was quite right when he said that " the conditions under which plants exist in Nature afford very little information for cultural purposes." Henry Ewbanlc, Hyde, I. W. The information afforded by travellers and botanists as to the conditions under which plants live is usually very imperfect, and useless to the gardener. Many botanists are deficient in a know- ledge of the conditions of plant life. A well-known botanist held the opinion that Orchids should not be syringed, because he considered the spongy aerial roots to have the faculty of condensing moisture, and his Orchids would have perished had the gar- deners not syringed the plants surreptitiously. It was wrong to put Impatiens Sultani in a dry stove (p. 117), merely because it grows in Zanzibar ; where it springs up in the rainy season. So the roots of the Nar- ras do not grow in the burning sands — they descend beyond them into moist soil. A German Professor. Trees and Shrubs. CEDI5US ATLANTICA FASTIGIATA. M. Cabriebe, in the Revue Horticole, figures and describes a pyramidal form of the Atlantic Cedar, with branches ascending like those of the Lombardy Poplar. It is a seedling, raised by M. Lalande, of Nantes. PLANT PORTRAITS. Aerides Hori-LETTi, Orchidophiie, January. Catti.eya intermedia, var. Candida splendida, Gartenftora, January. Chrysanthemum Rose Laixg, Revue de I'Horticitf- tare Beige, February. Datura 9AXQCINBA, BuUc'ino del/a Societa Toscuna d'Horticultura, December, 1889. Odontoglossim cohstbictom, OrehidophUe, December. Pkaubhopsis ahmw.is. Revue de I' Horticulture Beige, February. Hose Gju.CS Dariing T., Revue de I' Horticulture Beige, January. SoBBALIAXANTHOLEUCA, Revue Horticole, January 1. ODONTOGLOSSUM PESCATOREI. Si i: Si 1'i'i.r.MKNTAUY Shkki'.] The remarkable example of Udontoglossum Pes- catorei shown in the Ink Photograph is from the collection of Mr. J. B, Mirrilees, of Redlands, and was grown by his gardener, Mr. George Kussell. The flower-panicle measured U feet from base to apex. The first branch of the panicle was 18 inches up the stem, and that and a good many others of its imme- diate attendants, were also branched ; in fact, there were fourteen racemes ranged up the stem, with twenty subsidiary ones from these lateral branches, the com- plete inflorescence containing 130 blooms ! Mr. Itussell says he has grown the plant six years ; when he got it the bulbs were the size of beans ; now they are quite as large as hens' eggs, and large ones, too. This is an example of cultivation, when one looks at the plant and to surroundings, that begets a certain amount of reflection. Cultivation, as we generally understand it, looking at cereals, or root- crops, or Vines, or Peaches, or Apple trees, or Dahlias, Chrysanthemums, Panaies, or, in fact, most plants grown either for profit or effective display, is largely the work of the nutritive forces presented for root-feeding below ground. Of course, light and sunbeams must be there in sufficient force to aid the underground work in finishing the desired outcome. But here is quite a converse case. The feeding par- ticles in the small area of a 9-inch pot do not of themselves materially aid this, what might be called unique development of blossoms. There are thousands of plants all over the country as well served in that way with fibrous peat, sphagnum, and potsherds; but the outcome of cultivation is not the same, even by approach. Doubtless there are some varieties, as we all know, of many species of Orchids far more floriferous than others, but a panicle of 130 flowers surely is wonderful, even with all our advancing skill, and is something to aim at. It is not a lusus natures, I maintain, but well considered, well balanced, skilful cultivation. All plants under glass, and living in a forced atmosphere, are liable to the invasion of a host of insects ; in fact, they are as much heirs to troubles of that kind as mankind to the troubles and their complications that they require to endure. Shutting the door against invaders of that kind will help to finish up a first-rate article iu the matter of efflo» rescence, but it will not accomplish the manufacture of such a pseudobulb, and the evolution of such a quantity of flowers, as in this Odontoglossum Pescatorei. What appears to me to be the potent working element in building up this consolidated mass of matter is the cool, very cool and moist summer tem- perature. Although 0. Pescatorei is a continuous grow throughout the year, it seems to swell up its pseudo- bulbs in June, July, and August in greater degree than in the other months of the year, only it cannot endure a high or dry temperature during the months that are named ; hence why cultural successess are not more general. All these Alpine Orchids, coming from barrancas 6000 to 8000 feet in the Andes of New Granada, live more upon " climate," so to speak, than upon "soil." Mr. George Kussell evidently understands this, and his success with that and other species from cool regions is very pronounced, and does him very great credit. James Anderson, A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GAR- DENING. (Continued from p. 74.) Gardex-Flowers of the Tudob Pebiod. — Thh following list contains the names of all the garden plants that are known to have been cultivated in the gardens of the early Tudors. The notes have been taken from contemporary sources, and they are in all cases quoted directly from the authorities named : — Acanthus. — "Groiveth plenteously in my Lordes gardin at Syon." (Turner, A New Herbal, 1551.) Affodil (Asphodel). — "And now I have it in England, in my gardin from Italy. (Turner, 1551.) Almond. — " Groweth in Italie and Highe Germany in the fields, but in England onely in gardens." (Turner, 1518.) "Some growe in England, but I have hearde of no great store of the fruit of them." (Turner, 1551.) Apples. — They were sold by costarmongers in the streets of London (Skelton, Poems, vol. i., p. 109), and fetched about Id. the hundred (Brewer, vol. ii., p. 1515), Several varieties were known (Greta Herbal, see under " Cherye ") ; but only Costards, Pippins (Roger's Ai/ric. Prices), and Queeuings (Henri/ VIII.. Ii. of P., 1620), are named. Apricots. — Introduced in 1521 by Wolf (see Gough's British Topography, vol. i., p. 133). " We have very few of these trees as yet." ( Turner, Names if Serbs, 1548.) Artichokes. — Turner (1518) mentions " gardine Artichokes," and they appear to have been exten- sively cultivated (Henry VIII.'s P. P. Exp., 1533). Asarum. — "It groweth in England onely iugardines that I wotte of." (Turner, 1548.) Asparagus. — " In England it groweth nowhere else that I knowe of but in gardens." (Turner, 1548 ) " Let growe two years and remove." (Tusser.) Auricula. — They are mentioned under their old English name, " paggles," by Tusser. Two varieties were known — the " grene " and the " yellow." Barberry. — " Berberis growe wylde in the hedges and woodes in Germany, but in England only in gardines." (Turner, 1518) The fruit was much esteemed; a present of "Berberis" from "apoore woman "is mentioned in P. P. E.cps. of Henry VIII , 1532, p. 258. Batchelor's Buttons. — Mentioned by Tusser among the common garden plants. Basil. — "Groweth in England only in gardines." (Turner, 1548.) The plants were grown in pots : — "Fine Bazell desireth it may behive lot To growe as a Gilleflower trim in a pot." Tusser. Bay tree. — " Bai-trees are common in gardins in the south part of England." (Turner, 1548.) Beans. — Mentioned by Tusser, and very extensively cultivated in England at this period, 198 THE GABDEXEB& C HBO XI CLE. [February 15, 1890. Beet. — " Beetes growe in England, as farre as I knowe, in gardines only." (Turner, 1548.) " This herb is common, and groweth in gardaynes." (Macer.) Borage. — Mentioned by Tusser among his garden herbs. " Groweth in gardaynes." (Macer.) Blites (Amaranth). — "I have seen it growing in my Lordes gardines at Shene." (Turner, 1551.) Bullaces. — Tusser mentions among his orchard fruits two varieties : the black and the white. Cabbage. — Mentioned in the Gretc Herbal, and also by Tusser. Turner has a good figure of the plant in his New Herbal. Camomile. — "In Knglande so plenteous that it groweth not only in gardines, but also iiij miles above London it groweth in the wyld field." (Turner, 1551.) Macer (1528) says that it "groweth moste in gardines." Cardo Benedictus (Blessed Thistle). — "Groweth nowhere in England that I knowe, but in gardines." (Turner, 1548.) Carrots. — " Carrettes growe in all countries in plentie." (Turner, 1548.) Cherries. — "Of them ben many different manners in taste and goodness as there ben of Pears and other fruyte." (Grete Herbal). They were very widely cultivated, and varied considerably in price. In 1525 they were as much as Is. a lb. (Roger's Agric. Prices), whilst in 1542 they were sold for under Id, a lb. (ibid.). In 1533 some 100 trees were sold for (id. (Chapter House Accts.). Presents of choice Cherries were often sent to Henry VIII. and his household, arid there are many entries in his Privy Purse Expenses which refer to thpse. One entry is especially interesting : " 1530. 5 June. — Item to the servant who brought a present of Cherries to my Lady Anne from the Mayor of London, vjs. viij<7." (p. 48). In the Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary (p. 159) is one item : " Cherries to make conserves." Ooleworts. — "This herbe is comon and groweth in gardaynes." (Macer.) Coloquintida. "Groweth only in gardines in England." (Turner, 1548.) Cornflowers, called by Tusser "botles." He men- tions three kinds : " red, blew and tawnie." Cowslips.— Mentioned by Tusser among the garden flowers cultivated in his time. Cress. — "Growe nowhere but in gardines." (Turner, 1548.) " Sowe with letuse in spring." (Tusser.) Cucumbers. — "In England groweth only in gar- dines." (Turner, 1548.) " Plant in April." (Tusser.) Currants, Red. — " Rybes is a reed bery growing on a lvtle small tree." (Gretc Herbal.) Cypress. — " Growe in greate plentie in my Lordes Graces gardines at SyoD." (Turner, 1548 ) Daffodils. — Mentioned by Tusser. Daisies. — "Of all sorts." (Tusser.) Dracunculus. — "Groweth only in gardines in England." (Turner, 1548.) Eglantine. — " Groweth much in gardines in Englaud." (Turner, 1548.) Fennel. — "Groweth in gardines in all countries." (Turner, 1548.) Boorde says, "This herbe is seldom used, but its seedes be greatly occupied." Fetherfew. — Mentioned by Tusser. Figs.— "There are divers Fig trees in England, in gardines." (Turner, 1548.) French Broom.—" Spartium, a bush called of some gardeners, French? Broome. It is found now in many gardines in England, in my lorde's gardine at Shene, and in niv Lord Cobham's gardine, a lvtle from Graves End." (Turner, 1548.) French Mallow. — Mentioned by Tusser. Garlic. — " Groweth in gardines only. . . . Ramsey variety groweth also in gardines." (Turner, 1548 ) Galingale. — " Groweth in my gardine in England." (Turner, 1548.) Germander. — " In England I sawe it nowhere Bivvng only in gardines." (Turner, 1548 ) Gilleflower. — A very common plant in the early Tudor gardens. " Slippes of Gilleflowers " were purchased in 1533 for plauting in the Royal Gar- dens at Hampton Court. Tusser mentions three kinds— the "red, white, and Carnations," and remarks that they should be " set in spring in pots, pails, or tubs, and planted out in somer in beds." Gooseberry.—" It growetli only that I have seen in England in gardines." (Turner, 1548.) It was cultivated in some of the Royal gardens belonging to Henry VIII. in 1516. (Brewer, vol. i., p. cxv.) Tusser says, that the bush should be planted in September. Hollyhock. — Mentioned by Turner (1548), and also by Tusser among the garden plants of the period. The latter author mentions three varieties, the " red, white, and Carnation." Hysope. — " Groweth in gardines only in England as far as I have seen." (Turner, 1548.) (To be continued J Orchid Notes and Gleanings. L.ELIA ANCEPS DAVVSONI AND ITS VARIETIES. I have had an opportunity of seeiog a very large number of varieties of the white Lselia anceps in Mr. Holbrook Gaskell's, Mr. A. Heimes', and Mr. George Hardy's collections — not small pieces, as in days gone by, but in reality comparative donkey- loads; and although there are numerous little bits of variety in the way of colour, and in the way of length of segments and breadth of labellum, there is nothingi in my opinion, to warrant such a multiplicity of names, as really they are all more or less forms of Lielia anceps Dawsoni. They are no more entitled to be called Stella, vestalis, Sehraderiana, Sanderiana, &c. — we mean as tending towards clearing up the con- fusion in Orchid nomenclature— than any variety of anceps itself, or any of the numerous forms of Odon- toglots which certainly would not be tolerated unless they were supremely good forms. Of course, every one is entitled to christen his "ain bairn." The best cultivated and the best flowered plant of them all is at Woolton Wood. It bears seven scapes each five-flowered, and is a gem of the first water, as can easily be conceived, with thirty-five fully expanded flowers upon it. (Is this not the best flowered plant in collections?) This one is named Schrcoderiana. Another one, called vestalis, is quite identical with the Schrrederiana, and both were named by the late Professor Reichenhach himself. Of course, with the limited material before him, and the different styles of culture, there might also be slight variety ; but there is not the slightest doubt of the two plauts being identical, and there was plenty of material to compare with and judge from, being no less than ten good varieties, and in all about eighty flowers. The one named Sanderiana is a much smaller form, has a smaller lip, and is not a form that we can look upon as being equal to those named above, although it has a better and higher coloured blotch in the lip. It is now well into the end of the third decade since we first flowered and described La;lia anceps Dawsoni, and from that day to this we have never had any difficulty in identifying the plants either in flower, or out of flower. Mr. George Hardy has some very nicely-grown plants from the original stock; he has also a plant — quite a barrow-load, in fact, of one named Schrcederiana — which is identical with Mr. Gaskell's vestalis, &c. Not one of the forms that have come under my observation equals the original one for broad petals— so broad, in- deed, as to close well into its sepaline fellow. Its lip, too, is equally characteristic for breadth, and the blotch is much more solid, and better defined than that figured in the Orchid Album. The colour of the upper portion of the labellum does not pro- minently shine through as indicated in that work. Doubtless among the many in corameice we shall have varieties turning up with the form, substance, and general features of Laelia anceps Dawsoni, possibly better, but none yet have come up to the florists' standard of that valuable Lwlia. The Schrcederiana form covers a large area, but it wants form, and the solidity of that fine purple blotch that so distinguishes the flower of the one that was dedicated to my late distinguished employer and friend, Thomas Dawson. J, 4, GoODYERA DISCOLOR. This little Orchid is the gem of the whole family, Ranking with Ana>ctochilus in the beauty of its leaves (especially if the variety Dawsoniana be in- cluded), it has the additional merit of producing very pretty flowers; it is also easily grown. The leaves are of a deep velvety-green above, and of a purplish tinge underneath ; they are divided obliquely by a white midrib. The spike is erect, and bears a dozen or m^re flowers, all the parts of which are pure white except the column, which is yellow, and, together with the lip, is curiously twisted, and in this respect resembling a Mormodes. It may be grown in an ordinary moist stove, potted in peat, with a little sand and chopped sphagnum moss mixed, and freely supplied with water. Propagation is effected by cutting the rooting portion of the stem into lengths. It is now flowering in the warm Orchid- house at Kew. Epidendrv.m Wallisii. There are not many species belonging to the huge genus Epidendrum of which so much can be said in favour as this. It was introduced from New Grenada a few years ago, and has not as yet become common ; but as importations continue to arrive, and its culti- vation is better understood, it will eventually find a [dace in most collections. It belongs to that section of the genus with tall, slender, leafy stems, which, in this instance, are 2 to 3 feet high, and rendered distinct by the small black-purple, warty dots with which they are covered. The sweetly-scented flowers are produced from the apex and at the upper nodes. The sepals and petals are of a rich yellow, marked with a few crimson spots; the lip is broad, and fan- shaped, yellow at the base, the greater portion being white, beautifully pencilled with rose-purple lines. The column is of the same rich yellow colour as the petals, and the whole flower measures 1J inch across. The flowering season of this species extends over several months. A plant at Kew has been in bloom now for a considerable time, and still continues to push forth flowers. It should be grown in the Cattleya-house, potted in peat fibre and sphagnum moss, and kept moist at all seasons. Thrips are very apt to settle in the points of the growing shoots; it is advisable, therefore, to occasionally use tobacco-powder to dislodge them. If. II. A fine Lycaste Skisneri alba. In the collection of D. Henderson, Esq., Grace- mount House, Liberton, Edinburgh, there is in flower a plant of Lycaste Skinneri alba, with twelve spikes, showing thirteen flowers. Is this in any way unusual ? Two of the flowers spring from one stem. The flowers are very fine ones. James Hallett. Cypripediums from Liverpool. The collection of Reginald Young, Esq , Sefton l'ark, Liverpool, now boasts of over one hundred spe- cies and varieties of Cypripedium, and flowers sent show that the culture of the plants is well under- stood. Specially interesting are two forms of C. Harrisianum X , and two of 0. callosum, which go far to demonstrate the wide difference sometimes to be found amongst forms of the same plant. The hairy warts on the upper side only of the petals of C. callosum make a feature which distinguishes it from C. barbatum, and in one of the forms sent by Mr. Young, these are in one flower confined to three bearded warts only, while in the other the warts extend along the whole length of the petal. Two flowers of C. villosum were also very fine, also those of C. Measuresianumx and C. Io grandisx, present those fine hybrids in a good aspect. Sprays of Dendro- bium AinswortMi roseumx, and D. L"echianumX , represent the latter as the better variety ; and a curious Odontoglossum Rossii majus, with pale green spotting; some fine flowers of Oncidium splendidum, Sophronitis grandifiora, and Angrocum eburneuni are included, Febrc-aby 15j 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 199 Aebides Vaxdaiutm. I do not remember to have seen noted the exqui- site Lily of the Valley fragrance of this species. A specimen of the plant bearing several sprays of pure white flowers, 2 inches in width, is in bloom at Mrs. Brightwen's, The Grove, Stanmore, under the care of Mr. Odell. It is in growth similar to Vanda teres, and its membranous flowers are unlike those of any other Aerides, although the botanical features are those of the rest of the genus. J. O'B. Cypkipedicm hibs tissimoh. A noteworthy example of this fine old species is now in bloom in the BurforJ Lod^e collection, under Mr. W. White's charge. It has ten flowers on six spikes. Instances of twin- flowered Cypripediums often occur, but four examples of it on one plant ia an occurrence of some rarity. J. O'B. Ohcdids at Glenthjkxe, Harrow Weald. The pretty conservatory adjoining the residence of Alfred Borwick, Esq., furnishes an admirable example of the usefulness of Orchids when well grown for arranging with other plants; indeed, the hulk r.f the display in the conservatory is obtained by the employment of Orchids. In the background is a large flowering white Indian Azalea, with some smaller Azaleas, and the soft-tinted A. mollis ; and at the sides are Cillas, and plants of Dendrobium nobile, I). Ainsworthii, and I). Wardianum. With tlu-s- are dozens of fine plants of Lycaste Skinneri, some of the specimens bearing from fifty to sixty flowers; and abou'. thirty plants of the best variety of L. Skinneri alba, of which some half-dozen are Btill in flower. A double row of well-flowered speci- mens of Ccelogyne cristata, among which the Ohatsworth and Trentham varieties were distin- ble, surround* the groups, and these again with Maidenhair Kerns, the whole having a fresh and charming effect. Among the plants in the Orchid-house? many noteworthy things appear, and especially two speci- iii' ii- 'il I \ inbidiiim I. i.via'iiiin, with live »pikes each, one with 140 flowers, and the other 108. The Lycastes and Cymbidiums grow to great proportions, which If r. Gilks, the gudeuer, attributes in a great measure to the use of " Jensen's Fish Potash Manure " when the plants are actively growing. Apart from this, the Lycastes at (ilenlhorne are potted in soil of about the same nature as that in which Hyacinths are usually potted. This kind of fish manure has been given to most growing ( in bids in Mr. ISorwick's collection for some years, and with increasing success. Doubtless many who have tried the substance have erred by continuing its use after the growths of the plants were fully made up. In a Cool frame in front of one of the Orchid-houses stood a large batch of Sophronitis grandiflora in rema.kably healthy condition, the pans in which the plants were growing being almost hidden by the growths. ./. O'IS. Obchids at Chebiton, Bei'KENIIAM. Orchids are numerously and well grown by II. C. Marks, Esq., at Cberiton, Beckenham, Kent. In the several houses devoted to them a correspondent states there are now in flower Lycaste Skinneri Measure- siana, with fourteen (lowers ; Cypripedium Leeanum superbum has about twenty-four flowers; Dendrobium nobile nobilior is a fine plant, good sized flowers, and well flowered ; the plants of I). Wardianum are nearly all of the giganteum type, and are well done by Mr. Cross, the gardener; Odoutoglossums are equally well grown, and have a house to them- selves; Oncidium Krameriunum is one of the largest as well as darkest flowers, and is a very striking object. Oncidium varicosum Kogersii, the true variety, is another beautiful Orchid. Our corre- spondent kindly sent a long list of Orchids grown or in (lower in Mr. Marks' garden, but as it is wholly destitute of critical remarks, we must demur to its insertion, although it shows that the selection of species and varieties is an excellent one, Plants and Their Culture. Miscellaneous Items of the Stove. — Cuttings of varieties of Ooleus may be taken aud inserted singly or several together in light sandy soil, and when rooted the old plants may be thrown away. Poin- settias in pots, &c, after flowering should be placed on their sides in an intermediate house, and receive no water. Seeds should now be sown of GloxiDia, Begonia, and Impatiens sultani. and the plants from this sowing will be of great use if well grown. A sowing of the Torenias in variety may now be made ; these plants are invaluable for filling baskets, or placing in the front of the stages, and they remain a longtime in beauty if removed to a cooler house when full grown. Seeds of any kind of stove plants requiring a long time to germinate should be sown at once. Amaryllis (Hippeastruml seeds should be sown at this date. The bloom of the earliest Amaryllis will soon be over, and the bulbs should be repotted, very carefully watering them for a time, and giving them abundance of light to prevent the foliage getting drawn. A compost consisting of good yellow loam, a little leaf-sail, and good rotten manure, with a small quantity of coarse sand, should be u*ed, and only a slight shift be given. If several bulbs are together in one pot, it is best to divide them, rather than over-pot. The soil round the bulbs should be made very firm, plenty of space for water being left. Cuttings of the useful Euphorbia jacquiniflora should be put into the propagating bed as early as possible, the old stock plants being kept rather dry for a few days before removing the shoots; I find that doing this prevents the damping olF of the cuttings. The cut surface of the cuttings should be allowed to get dry before inserting them. Well coloured young shoots of Crotons, if taken off now, make nice plants ; and Dracamas which have hist their lower leaves should have some moss placed round them near the bottom leaves, and be kept moist, when they may be taken olf in a few weeks. When rooted and potted ofT. a little bottom-heat will push them on rapidly. The old Btools will produce a number of young growths, which should be taken otl'and placed singly in small pots in bottom-heat ; these will soon strike, and should be grown in bottom-heat for a few weeks. Qeo, H','1 t, .v. m II uu. Fruits Under Glass. The Piseky.— Thoroughly overhaul the difTeren departments, washing the glass and woodwork with soap and water, and the brickwork with a wash of hot lime, in which a little flowers-of-sulphur is put, and give the annual coat of boiled linseed oil and lamp black to bottom heat and other hot water pipes, as a preservative against rust. Destroy with scalding water obnoxious insects and their haunts, these are spiders, crickets, cockroaches, and woodlice. Respecting bottom heat for Pines, there is nothing better than a bed of good ( )ak leaves and tan, although the renovation ofthe beds is attended with the risk of too great heating at first. It is this danger which has given rise to the modern system of hot water pipes with less tan or leaves over them, and which ensures to the grower the most complete control over the warmth furnished. Whichever system is adopted, a small quantity of the most decayed por- tion of the materials should be sifted out and removed, it being replaced by new. in order to secure a lasting heat ranging between 75° and 90°. If a point beyond 90° is reached, " cupping " and elonga- tion of the leaves takes place, which are sure signs that the roots now having their feeders at the out- side of the pots are suffering. By way of relief, the pots should be rocked backwards and forwards a few times, holding the plant firmly at the time, which will allow of the escape of some of the heat. The cavities thus formed, should be filled up again with a rake when the heat has subsided to a safe point. Fruiting House. — Plunge any Queens showing, and those expected shortly to show, fruit at the warmest end of the bed, these being Blightly more delicate, and taking less time to mature than the Charlotte Roths- childs, Cayennes, and other large fruits. Press a little turfy loam round the collars of the plants, to steady them ; to any that are unduly dry, put some kind of mark, so that it may be known which are those that require more water later on. A practised hand will readily detect this by the weight when handling them. The gentle check caused by re- plunging will at once cause many plants to show signs of flowering and root activity, and all such should receive copious supplies of warm guano- water, the strength of which may be increased from time to time. With the increase of light, let the humidity of the house increase, and afford the plants a dewing over daily, but beware of filling the axils ofthe leaves with water. Night temperature 70°, or a few degrees less in frosty or windy weather ; day temperature may reach 90°, if a little air be put on early in the day. I prefer to give a little side ven- tilation, if the air pass over the hot-water pipes, and trust to evaporation by means of the laps of the glass, &c. Suecession-hoiiscs may be filled up with plants potted in September last, and treated similar to the above, excepting that a few degrees less warmth be given,' especially at night, with a little freer ventilation during the day, to prevent the drawing ofthe leaves. In potting suckers, give ample drainage, and place the plant on a firm seat, with compost made firm with the potting stick. Rather than detach small suckers from stools, we prefer to await their further growth. Detached, newly potted suckers should be kept hnmid in an intermediate temperature till rooted. Take care of all approved old stools for stock purposes, discarding any ofthe narrow-leaved or deteriorated plants, for it is only the healthy suckers which will ever make good plants. Pot Vines. — Any of these which are now thinned, may be safely urged onward with liquid manure, giving a temperature of 70c at night. Keep a little front ventilation on if the air can be passed over the pipes, and a day temperature of 80° to 90°, with a genial atmosphere. The early permanent Vines will now be in flower, and the house may be kept slightly drier, but do not remove any shoots during the set- ting of the blossoms. Shake the rods daily, and if Madres&eld Court is amongst the Vines, save some of the falling pollen from the Black Hamburghs on a piece of clean paper, for the purpose of fertilising the former. In doing this, first draw the dry hand down the bunches of Madresfiehl to remove the globules always present. The variety is apt to pro- duce seedless berries unless this he done, but the cracking of the berries is extremely rare when forced early. When the Grapes are sufficiently advanced, and the best placed as well as the best set bunches have been selected, all superfluous clusters should be removed, preparatory to thinning the berries. Ven- tilate as advised for pot Vines, and maintain a night temperature of 55°, and by day of 65° to 70°. In- side borders must be frequently examined, and if found necessary they should be watered previous to the flowering period with tepid water. The roots are not active enough as yet to take manure water, W, Crump, Madresfield Court, The Kitchen Garden. Sowiko of Seeds. — The uncertainty of the weather at this season of the year frequently delays the sowing of Peas and other seeds. Marrow Peas seldom grow satisfactorily when sown very early in the year, the cause being that moisture and low tem- perature suspend germination so long that decay ensues, and this is especially the case when the seed is old. If, however, the soil be in good condition, a sowing should be made of Telephone or Marvel, which will form a succession to the first-sown round Peas, and be ready for use early in July. Prom now onwards, sow the seed in well-prepared trenches, plenty of manure being put at the bottom of these. Peas sown in pots must be kept near to the glass in cold frames, airing the plants freely on line days. Peas showing above-ground should be slightly pro- tected with Spruce boughs, or have a few crumbs of earth drawn over them ; and if slugs are troublesome, dust the rows frequently with lime, soot, and dry wood- ash. Put black threads over the rows, if birds are pecking the plants. Beans. — A sowing of these should be made without delay, which may consist of Mazagan, Longpod, and Green Windsor. Bunyard's Prizetaker should be afforded a trial, it being a fine pod. and likely to become a favourite with gardeners. Sow the Wind- sor Beans in drills 2 feet apart, placing each Bean at 6 iuches apart in the rows. If double rows are sown, these may be .'! feet apart. For this crop a somewhat strong soil in good heart is the best, H, Markham. Merty/erth C'uflfc, Mniihtotw, 200 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [February 15, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- municatiom should be written on one side only of the papek, and sent as early in the week as possible. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, 6}c, are also solicited. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending netvs- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 8ALES. i Lilium auratum, and Greenhouse Feb. 17-? Plants, at Protheroe & Morris' ( Rooms. {Roses, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at the City Auction Rooms, by Pro- theroe & Morris. i Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border Plants, 8cc, at Stevens' Rooms. *„N Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, Seeds, at Protheroe 8c Morris' Rooms. /'Imported and Established Orchids, TTTTTR^nAY Ffr 2oJ Liliums, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. THUKMJA1, *eb. ^mA-v t n oi S Imported and Established Orchids, ££UUAl, ±eb. ^i-j at Protheroe & Morns' Rooms. \ Ko CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 39°.3. The annual meeting of this The Royal Society took place on Tuesday Horticultural . . ; t ,, ,. , Society 'as*» wnen the proceedings passed over harmoniously and pleasantly. The meeting was well attended, and no objec- tions were raised to the balloting lists, so that Sir Trevor Lawrence, D. Morris, and Rev. W. Wiles, remain as President, Treasurer, and Secretary respectively ; while Messrs. E. A. Hambro, Martin Smith, and N. N. Sher- wood become new Fellows of Council in place of Messrs. Bourne, Coleman, and Smee. Two of the new Councillors are not known to horticul- turists, but let us hope will speedily become so. Mr. Sherwood is a real acquisition as a business man, familiar also with one very important branch of horticulture. Mr. Coleman's resig- nation is a loss, but it is not surprising that the distance at which Mr. Coleman resides should render it difficult for him to attend. Mr. Bourne, who hails from no further off than Covent Garden has, we believe, been replaced on the ground of infrequent attendance. It will be seen that the balloting list emanated from the Council only, and that the Fellows did not exercise their right to nominate anyone on their own behalf. This circumstance suggests the propriety of the Council taking steps, every year, to remind the Fellows of their duties. As it is, the matter is forgotten till it is found that the proper time has passed. Due notice should be given, for it is not possible for the Fellows to remember the precise date at which it is necessary for them to exercise their privilege. In his Presidential Address, Sir Trevor pointed out the necessity of increased public support, alluded to the good work done at Chis- wick, and at the several Conferences. As an instance of the v vlue of the Chiswiok trials, he instanced the reduction of the number of varie- ties and synonyms in the case of Tomatos from 100 to 30. Experience was not favourable to Chiswick as a place for holding meetings, as the public did not attend. The meetings at the Drill Hall were of aver}' interestingcharacter, and would be continued in that by no means ideal building until more suitable premises could be found. The thanks of the Society were tendered to the several lecturers at the 3 o'clock meetings, and to the members of the several committees. The Scientific Committee, it was pointed out, com- prised no fewer than seventeen Fellows of the Royal Society. A well deserved tribute was bestowed on the Secretary and Treasurer for their labours on behalf of the Sooiety, and allusion made to the losses sustained by the Society in the deaths of Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Professor Reichenbach, Mr. Wildsmith, and others. The Treasurer pointed out the privileges whioh each olass of subscribers reoeived in return for the subscription paid, alluded to the condition of the library, and to the improvements effeoted at Chiswick. Baron Schroder, in a speech of some length, that was most attentively listened t > by the company present, told them what in his idea the Royal Horticultural Society ought to be, and ridiculed the idea of it staying much longer at the Drill Hall. Two meetings, he said, had already been called to elicit opinion as to the manner in which money could be raised to build a hall for the Society ; and his proposal, which seemed greatly favoured by those present, was, that the Fellows and the outside public should be invited to subscribe £30,000 to £40,000, the Press, the Fellows, and the trade, taking a leading part. The money so raised to be invested, as regards one half, in first-class securities, so as to bring in 3h per cent. The interest from the funded money would pay the ground rent ; and two years after the completion of the building, repayment by means of bonds would commence. The Society would, in fact, become the tenants of the bondholders, paying for the accommodation afforded £400 a-year. The scheme was highly approved of, and about £2&00 was subscribed in the room, the Baron heading the list with £1000. It was proposed that gardeners' charitable organisations and other horticultural societies should meet in the new hall, and secure offices there; also that the hall should, as far as was consistent, be put to various uses so as to secure an annual income. The Baron was in earnest, and his speech not only interested his auditory, but stirred them to something very like enthusiasm. It must, how- ever, before all things, be made clear that the Society, as such, is to be free from any entangle- ment such as worked such havoc at South Ken- sington, and this made sure by all means let us have our Horticultural Institute, and infuse a little cohesion among the horticultural units. As to site, the Baron stated that he knew of one, very central, where every city man would see it ; but nothing further was divulged on that head. The advantages of the Hall to the City man who cared for Orchids and other plants — and many of them did care, — as a place where he could go and see flowers for such a small sum as the Society demanded was enlarged upon, and it was exceed- ingly pleasant to hear Baron Schroder say how willing he would be to give his services on the committee, aot as Trustee of the fund, and do his best to get money from his friends. Dr. Hogg spoke in favour of the scheme, and was delighted that such a scheme had been un- folded. Other speakers followed in the same vein, and the prospects of securing a fitting home for the Society are decidedly bright. - Royal Horticultural Society. — Baron Schroder's proposal as to the erection of a suitable Hall for the Horticultural Society met with a warm recep- tion, and in the course of a few minutes, after the meet- ing was over, and many gentlemen had left the Council room, spontaneous offerings amounting to £2600 were made towards its erection. The following gentlemen promised contributions to the fund : — Baron Schroder £1000, Messrs. F. Sander & Co. £200, Messrs. S. Courtauld, N. N. Sherwood, and H. J. Veitch, each £150; Messrs. P. Crowley, T. B. Haywood, Dr. Hogg, C. Mordaunt Matthews, and H. M. Pollett, each £100 ; Messrs. G. Deal, John Laing & Sons, G. Paul, H. J. Pearson, T. F. Rivers, and Rev. W. Wilks, £50 each ; Messrs. J. Douglas, H. Cannell & Sons, Mr. John Treble, and Messrs. Sullivan, £25 each ; Mr. George Bunyard and Mr. Charles Toope 10 guineas, and Mr. Cecil H. Hooper £5. The United Horticultural Provident AND Benefit SOCIETY.— The annual general meet- ing of the members of this Society took place on the 10th instant, at the Caledonian Hotel, Mr. J. Wright presiding, and there was a good attendance of members. The annual report of the committee stated that the progress of the society duringthe past year had been most satisfactory, that at the close of the year there were 301 subscribing members, and that this number had been increased to 312 by sub' sequent elections. The amount of sick pay disbursed during the year was £37 15s. ■id., a little more than in the previous year, and this amount had been divided between twenty members ; the payments being covered by deductions from members' subscrip- tions according to the rules. At the present time there are four sick members on the fund, and one death had occurred during the year. The balance in favour of the Benefit Fund is £3478 18s. Ud., an increase of £400 during the year. The balance in favour of the Benevolent Fund is £1416 14s. 10"'., including £125 St. paid as prizes, leaving a balance of £25, carried forward to the present year. The Hon. Secretary reported that he had arranged with Mr. Hkad that the annual ex- hibition should take place at the Crystal Palace on September 5 and G, on the same conditions as in 1889, the company making a contribution to the funds as usual. This arrangement was approved by the meeting. It may be stated that only members of the Society can compete for the prizes offered m the schedule. It was resolved, after some discussion, that the papers read at the Centenary Dahlia Con- ference in September should be printed and circu- lated with the report and balance sheet. The name of Mr. John Lee was added to the list of patrons. I'll. K v. Charles Fellowes was re-elected President, Dr. Hogg, Dr. Masters, W. II. Cullingford, 11. Glasscock, J. Shirley Hibberd, and XV. Keith, Vice- Presidents; T. W. Girdlestone as Hon. Secretary and Treasurer ; and the following were appointed the Committee for the ensuing year— Messrs. W. II. Apthorpe, J. Uurrell, U. Cannel, .1. Cheal, J. Doug- las, G. Gilbert, .J. llenshaw, W. Holmes, (i. Paul, A. Rawlings, T. .). Saltmarsh,. J. Tranter, II. Turner, .1. Walker, T. S. Ware, J, T. West, and W. II. Williams. A hearty vote of thanks was passed to Mr. (iirdlestone for his services during the past year; who in responding stated that one of the Vice-Presidents, the Secretary, and a member of the Committee had been invited to read papers at the Dahlia Conference, to take place at Chiswick in September next. The schedule of prizes which had been to some extent re-arranged by Mr. Girdlestone, was then considered and passed with a few altera- tions. It is somewhat extended as compared with previous years, and it now appears to be of a tho- roughly representative character. A vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the meeting. The Late Professor McNab.— An influen- tial committee has been formed in order to raise a memorial fund for the benefit of the widow and five children of the late Professor McNab of Dublin. There are many who will sympathise with this movement, and feel that the family of a distinguished scientific man should not be allowed to sutler from circumstances arising out of a life-long and disin- terested devotion to pure science. The Hon. Secretary is Greenwood Pim, Esq., Easton Lodge, Monkstown, co. Dublin, to whom all communications should be addressed. Royal Botanical Society of Belgium — Professor vox Tiegheh of Paris, and De. Masters of London have been elected associate members of this society, in the room of Professor Reichenhach and M. LEsorKRErx respectively. LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— An evening meeting of the above society will be held on the 20th February, 1800, at 8 p.m., when the following paper will be read: — "On the Fruit and Seed of Juglandeaj ; on the Shape of the Oak Leaf ; and on the Leaves of Viburnum," by Sir John Lcbiiock, Bart., P.C., M.P., F.K.S., F.L.S., &c. ANTWERP.— The International Exhibition of Geographical, Commercial and Industrial Botany, with which is to be held a 'general exhibition of all subjects relating to the microscope, announced for the present year, is to be postponed till 1891. M. de Bosschkrk is President, and Dr. yak Heurck Vice-President, and M. Charles van Jxbbt the Secretary. LONDON PURPLE.— If we suggest that dealers should advertise their wares, we shall at once be considered to have interested motives — well, we have — the following narrative will show why. Our American friends make large use of various prepara- tions of arsenic and other substances for spraying purposes, either for the attacks of insects or of fungi on various crops. We have repeatedly men- tioned the fact, and urged our orchardists to adopt the methods employed with so much success in the States. Among cither things, we have detailed the use of " London Purple.' Some of our correspon- dents, attracted by our frequent reference to the subject, at length wrote to inquire what was " London Purple," and where it could be had 't We knew or surmised it to be an arsenical preparation, and made sure that we should find reference to it in theautho- rised dictionaries of chemistry and pharmacy. But no : not one word could we find about the substance though it was evidently used on a very large scale, Finding books useless, we appealed to our chemical friends, to scientilic chemists of high repute, to manufac- turing chemists, to pharmacists, but all to no avail, till at length Mr. Holmes, of the Pharmaceutical Society, was good enough to put us on the right track. But in the meanwhile, finding that in London we could get no information as to " London Purple," we be- thought ourselves that there was a London in Canada ; and still later we bethought ourselves of our excellent correspondent Prof. Riley, the Direc- tor of the United States Entomological Department. and he, with his customary kindness, gave us the information we wanted, adding that Hkmiv.u \y & Co., of London, aniline dye manufacturers, have given the name in contradistinction to Paris Green, and have established a branch house in New York, the sale of this valuable insecticide being, it is be- lieved, one of their most important transactions. Two reflections occur to us on this story, one is that manufacturers should advertise (in theGardeners' Chronicle, of course— anywhere else they like), the other is. that this is one inure illustration of the abominable ti wasting, trouble-giving, truth-con- cealing nature of " popular names " ! This powder is obtained in the follow ing manner in the manufacture of aniline dyes : Crude coal-oil is distilled to produce benzole. This is mixed with nitric acid, and forms nitro- benzole. Iron tilings are then used to produce nascent hydrogen with the excess of nitric acid in the benzole. When distilled, aniline results ; to this Rose mil Arsei ic a Lime Insol lble are added arsenic acid, to give an atom of oxygen which produces rose aniline, and quicklime to absorb the arsenic. The residuum, which is obtained by filtration or settling, is what has been denominated " London purple," the sediment being dried, pow- dered, and finely bolted. The powder is, therefore, composed of lime and arsenious acid, with about 25 per cent, of carbonaceous matter which surrounds every atom. Experiments which we made with it in 1878, says Professor Riley, impressed us favourably with this powder as an insecticide, and its use on the Colorado Potato-beetle by Professors Bodd and Bessey, of the Iowa Agricultural College, proved highly satisfactory. We were, therefore, quite anxious to test its effect on the Cotton-worm in the field on a large scale, and in the winter of 1878—70 induced the manufacturers to send a large quantity for this purpose to the Department of Agriculture. The analysis made of it by Professor Collier, the chemist of the Department, showed it to contain : Per cent. ]2.4i 43.65 21.8J 14.57 1.16 2.27 4.07 Through the liberality of the manufacturers, Messrs. Hemingway & Co., a number of barrels of this powder were placed at our disposal during the season of 1870, and distributed to various observers and agents in Georgia, Alabama, and Texas. Early in the spring of the following year, Mr. A. R. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, 111., found it to be a perfect antidote to the canker-worms, which had not been prevented from ascending his Apple trees." Stock-taking : January. — With fearful weather at sea and the present high price of money, we may come to the conclusion that not only are arrivals backward, but that accumulating stocks are being worked up. We are the more inclined to this view from the fact that the exports of foreign and colonial produce show a decrease of £834,607; whilst those of our own produce and manufacture show the splendid increase over the corresponding period last year of £1,050,715. The following is an excerpt from the summary of the imports of foreign and colonial produce for January, 1800 ;— 1880. 1890. Ditferi a. Total vulue of imports £. 33,058,318 e. 33,143,850 B. 4 85,532 }II.— (A.) Article* of 1 1 and drink — ,lnty free 11,203,681 10,335,301 —868,380 (B.) — do., dutiable 2,182,837 2,257,001 + 74,674 $VI.— Raw materials fur textile manufac tures (including I'liix, Hemp, ami Jute) 11,110,512 11,923,168 +812,656 $VII.— Kaw materials Cor sundry industries and manufactures (including wood and timber, liewn, sawn, split, dressed ; vege- table materials, for paper making, &c.) 2,760,078 2,651,310 —108,708 tJIX. — Miscellaneous articles (including Clover, Grass. Flax, Rape, Linseed) 1,771,660 1,533, ssi —535,776 An evening contemporary inquired a short time since why it was that, towards the close of last year, we had to record a falling off in the supply of Potatos '! For instance, there were 22,000,000 visits paid to the Paris Great Exhibition ; thus, for months, the consumption of "the noble tuber" in the gay capital must have been enormously in excess of the usual record, and the City netted a good round sum in the matter of octroi. The home stocks must have been worked up ; also, " vegetables, raw, unenu- 202 THE GAB DENE US' CH1WNICLE. [February 15, 1890. rnerated," may have been affected by this cause. Then there were disturbances in the labour market here ; for instance, at the docks ; also a good crop here, and short ones elsewhere. The following extracts from the general returns have their usual interest : — $ XX, Fruit:— Apples, raw 1889. 1890. Difference ... bush. 243,265 201.8S0 —41,385 Unenunieratefl, r 11,801 14,410 +2.606 Onions 310,762 279,255 —61,507 Potatoa ... cwt. 51,11.5 15,722 —35.693 Vegetables, r iw ated unenumer ... Value £16,831 £11.601 -£1,033 It has been stated by the contemporary before alluded to, that the consumption of Apples is on the decline, it being recorded at the same time that the acreage in fruit trees in this country has risen from 90,000 in 1839 to 214,000 in 1889. The statements do not prove the sufficiency at one time and insuf- ficiency of supply at another. Possibly, as with Potatos.so with Apples, and that next season foreign crops have already to some extent been looked after by speculative financiers. In future, as our trees are better grown and the fruit better marketed, we may not be so dependent on the States and Canada for our supplies. More labour might possibly be profitably bestowed on the soil were the conditions of holding land different, and the labour market not so much disarranged as it is. Perhaps the German Emperor and his advisers will be able to excogitate a remedy for labour disquietude less open to question than that of supporting one industry at the exptnse of all the others. The Mildness of the Season in the Far NORTH. — The weathei has been hitherto un- seasonably genial, bringing into flower many plants which really belong to the spring months. The following twenty different plants have flowered, says Mr. J. Webster, in the open air at Gordon Castle, Banffshire, since January 28th : Scarlet Rhodo- dendron, in flower ; Rose Safrano, from a south wall has given flowers for cutting throughout the winter; some H. P. have done the same; Berberis Darwinii, Mahonia Aquifolia, Cliauthus from a south wall is showing flower trusses ; Campanula cardinalis, Scarlet Trumpet Honeysuckles has flower trusses ; Summer Franc Real Pear is in bud ; Schi/.ostilis coccinea, Pyrus japonica, Escallonia rosea on a south wall ; Geum coccinuni, Arabia albida is in bloom on the rock-work ; Anemone palustris, Anemone double Pink, and Heath in a border; Filbert, with both catkins and flowers open; common Alder, the catkins, just opening; Apricots are in blossom on an open wall with a south aspect ; various Primulas are in bloom. The Apricot was one day later than it was in 1874, February 7, and that was the earliest in Mr. Webster's record of these facts, which he ha9 kept for thirty years. New ZEALAND. — We have received an interest- ing pamphlet, containing two addresses by the Pre- sident of the Chamber of Commerce in Canterbury, New Zealand, given in the years 18S6 and 1889, which by comparing the condition of the colony in these years, satisfactorily shows that New Zealand in the intervening period made material progress in everything that conduces to the prosperity of a British colony. AGAVE RIGIDA. — The abnormal prosperity which Yucatan is enjoying is entirely due to the successful culture of the " Henequen," or, as it is generally termed, the " Sissal" plant of commerce, which yields one of the finest varieties of hemp extant. The population of the whole Republic of Yucatan does not exceed 3,000,000 souls, but the value of the " Sissal " crop annually exported exceeds 10,000,000 dollars. There is an unlimited demand for the article in Europe, as well as in the United States, where it fetches from £50 to £55 sterling a ton, The plant, we are told, is indigenous to the country and grows wild. It is easily propagated, and will thrive in the worst soil. In fact, it does best in rocky and impoverished ground, where nothing else can be grown, and in such situations it yields the best fibre. It cares nothing for drought ; cattle have an objec- tion to it, and avoid the spots where it grows. It suffices to dibble in the young plants in any barren and exposed plot of ground. Three years after plant- ing, the leaves are large enough to furnish a supply of fibre, and then the plant yields abundantly for fifteen or twenty years. The produce of an acre of land is estimated at 1000 lb. to 12001b. of clean fibre, and the money value of this produce is estimated by a Jamaica planter, who has spent several years in growing Sissal in Yucatan, at 80 dollars or £1G sterling. But if all this information is correct, why should not an attempt be made to cultivate the Sissal in India? Everybody cannot emigrate to Yucatan to try his fortune there ; so it would be pre- ferable to begin by trying if Sissal cannot be accli- matised in India. The climate is not dissimilar, and there is a fine area in the Sonthal Parganas where an experiment might be made on the rocky, barren, and exposed soil which the Sissal is said to love in Yucatau. According to Mr. Baker, the three plants yielding the Sissal Hemp of commerce are varieties of Agave rigida. Full information respecting this hemp has been published in recent numbers of the Kew Bulletin, a note embodying all known on the subject appeared in one of the earliest numbers, No. 3, tor March, 1887, and additional notes as re- cently as March and again in October of the past year. It may be as well here to quote the Kew Bulletin for March last as to the prices for Sissal: — " The market value of this class of fibre, and the permanency of demand for it, has been fully investi- gated at Kew, and in a note on p. 3 of the Kew Bulletin for April, 1887, there is a summary furnished by Messrs. Ide and Christie which gives the aver- age price per ton for Sissal Hemp in London for the years 1879-86 inclusive. The highest price paid was 632 10s. in December, 1S79, to February, 1880; the lowest price was £17 15s. in January and February, 1886. Proc. Agri-Horticultural Soci.li/ of India. Dinner-table Decorations.— At a dinner recently given in Washington, a space in the centre of the table nearly 40 feet long and 8 feet wide was sunk, so that the GOO Ferns in pots with which it was filled rose but a short distance above the table- cloth. Numerous small electric lamps were scat- tered under the Fern fronds — no other lights being used in the room— and the effect is described as charming. Apples and Climate.— Mr. Joseph Cheal, of Crawley, Sussex, in replying to some strictures on the English climate in the Times of January 20, said, as to the suitability of our climate, with all its failings, for Apple culture, the following figures may interest some of your readers as to the crop taken from one Apple tree during a period of ten years. The facts I know to be correct, as they were furnished me by a friend of mine, an Essex farmer, who planted the tree himself in November, 1871. The variety of Apple was the " Warner's King," and the form of tree pyramidal. Crop the first year, three large Apples. H I 1879 crop pecks lSs.il 875 , 876 , 877 . 878 , 4 6 2 or 3 Apples 1881 1882 1 peck These were sold in Chelmsford at an average price of Is. Gd. per peck. The tree occupies a space not exceeding 4 square yards, or at the rate of 1210 trees per acre. This is a result which, I think, will compare favourably with any foreign country. Another writer in the same issue, Mr. E. Bartram, said on the subject of bees and orchards: — "My owe idea is that we ought to produce early Apples grown on ' feathered bushes,' as they are sometimes called in Kent. These bushes should be on the broad-leaved Paradise stock, to dwarf the trees and bring them into early bearing. Amid these bushes, at no great intervals, hives of bees should be placed so that the blossoms should be properly fertilised. No fact is more clearly established than the fact that the annual crop of Apples depends in a very great degree upon the bees. II the weather be wet, and the bees are not close at hand to fertilise the blossom, there will be no crop. Mr. Dance, of Gosfield Hall Gardens, Essex, one of the best gardeners in Essex, keeps hives of bees dispersed through eVery part of his gardens. His returns from sales in London are astonishing. I, too, have found my fruit sell so well that I am planting largely ; but I cannot do without the bees. They fertilise my blossoms and produce me honey. Honey, too, is becoming more and more valuable. No food is equal to it. It is so scarce now that it can scarcely be purchased. A clerical friend of mine has received more than £100 for his honey this year.'' HYBRID CARICAS. — The hybrid Caricas raised by Mr. Van Volxem have now fruited in various places. It was anticipated that one of them might prove hardy in South-west Ireland, but we learn from Mr. Gumbleton, to whom we sent seeds for trial, that this has not proved to be the case. EPPING FOREST. — Epping Forest is popularly supposed to have now become absolutely the pro- perty of the public ; but Sir Thomas Powell Buxton tells us that there are 749 commoners who have a right to feed cattle there, besides 211 persons on its borders who turn out their cattle without any right at all. Somebody or other, moreover, with or without right, is exercising the privilege of digging gravel within the Forest boundaries, and, what is worse, exercising it so recklessly that masses of rough clay are left on the grass, and trees are so under- mined that they fall to the ground. It seems strange (observes a daily contemporary), that the verderers cannot put a stop to these practices. As to the cattle, we are told that only eighty-six out of the 749 commoners practically use their right. On the other hand, the interlopers number no fewer than 211. Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton mildly expresses, on the part of the verderers, a desire that those who have no right to make use of the Forest in this way will "not use too freely that which does not belong to them.'' It would be more satisfactory to learn that some equitable mode has been found of extin- guishing rights which do not appear to be much valued, and of bringing those who have no rights at all to understand that the Forest is not theirs. Forced Narcissus.— At a meeting of the Birmingham Gardeners' Association on the 4th inst., Messrs. Hewitt & Co. contributed some pots of Narcissus maximus, General Gordon, and Henry Irving, and showed plainly what beautiful objects they are at this early period of the year especially, and are so easily got into bloom. Maximus is a very fine variety for this purpose, and Horsfieldii and others are also available. SALSOLACE/E. — The unwearied Baron von Mueller has commenced the publication of a series of illustrations of the Australian Salsolacea;. They are not remarkable for beauty, but are of much im- portance as furnishing food for herds and flocks in the dry " salt bush " country. ROSE HEDGES. — About ten years ago, says Garden and Forest, the Austro-Hungarian govern- ment planted the sides of a very exposed stretch of railroad, nearly a mile and a half in length, with hedges of the Provence Rose. The hedges have since reached a height of about six and a half feet, and a breath of half as much, for it is a peculiarity of the Provence Rose to interlock its branches and twigs. A living wall has thus been formed which effectively Febbuaby 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 203 protects the tract from snow-dri fts, while a neighbour- ing stretch, where the Rose could not be planted, is so deeply buried at every snow fall that it costs much labour to clear it. The first cost was very small, and it is believer, the hedges will live for thirty or forty years. Chrysanthemum Exhibition at Ghent.— We have received the programme of the exhibition to be held in Ghent, under the auspices of the Societe Royale d'Agriculture et de Botanique, from November 16 — 19 next ensuing. Foreigners are invited to compete. The schedule contains fifty-two classes, besides several for miscellaneous exhibits of a decorative character. M. A. L. Rosseei., Ghent, is the Secretary. Exchange in Gardeners.— It will be admitted that much of the good influence of the natives of these islands in all parts of the globe has been due to traits and characteristics which have been secured to them in great measure by their isolation from the lest of Europe by geographical position ; but there are as usual corresponding disadvantages, which would by means of fuller intercourse with our near neighbours on the Continent in a measure disappear, and to few would this desirable consummation be so acceptable as the private and commercial gardeners of tli is country. The following letter from the Society Franchise d'Horticulture de Londres, whose office is at 27, Gerrard Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, points the way in which this mutual benefit may be conferred on those who desire it. " A society of French gardeners in England was some time ago formed, with the object of establishing cordial rela- tions between the gardeners in France and their English confrere!. The results obtained up to the present are highly satisfactory, for young men bare already been placed in both countries. Believing that many English gardeners are desirous of Bending their sons to the Continent to learn the different modes of culture, &c, practised there, while we know that many French nurserymen and gardeners are equally anxious to send their sons to England, we decided in our last meeting to proceed by way of exchange. The society would thus undertake to place in France an English young man provided that some one would take in exchange a young French- man." Scottish Horticultural Association.— This Society held its ordinary monthly meeting on the 4th inst., in 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr. I). 1'. Laikd, Vice-President in the chair. The business before the meeting was chiefly the conside- ration of the schedule for the Chysanthemuin Show to be held on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday, the 20th, 21st, and 22nd November next, in the Waver- ley Market, Edinburgh. " Froof " copies of the schedule which had been prepared by the show com- mittee were on the table, and Mr. McKenzlb, Treasurer, pointed out the leading features of the projected competition to the meeting. The total amount in prizes offered is about £300, but this it is expected will be increased by extra prizes which will be embodied in the final schedule, which will be issued a few weeks hence. Meantime, intending competitors may have the " proof" copy forwarded to them on applying to the Secretary, Mr. Rouebt- son Munko, G, South St. Andrew Street, Edin- burgh. The schedule is got up on most liberal lines, as may be judged of by the following: — For "The Edinburgh Prize," forty-eight blooms Japanese, £40 in five prizes is offered, the first being £20, the fifth £2. The winner of the " Scottish Challenge Cup " will this year receive £5 in cash along with the honour, and less fortunate competitors in this class will also be substantially rewarded, as there are three good prizes besides the first prize. Twenty pounds in four prizes are ottered for the best eight bunches of Grapes, and £10 are offered for the best collection of vegetables, consisting of thirteen varieties. These are several of the leading prizes, but throughout the schedule is marked by the same liberality in every class. The only exhibit on the table was a bunch of blooms of seedling Helleborusniger which were tabled by Mr. Young, teacher, Fettes Row, Ediaburgh, who has for some years been endeavouring to improve the Christmas Rose by intercrossing the more marked varieties. The flowers exhibited were said to be from the progeny of a cross between H. n. major and II. n. angustifolius. They were very fine, but hardly distinguishable from perfect blooms of either of the alleged parents. International Horticultural Exhibition at Berlin, April 25 to May 5, 1890— We have received from Professor Dr. Wittmack, general secretary of the Horticultural Society of Berlin, the following announcement, that the opening day of this exhibition is rapidly approaching, and the pre- parations for it are progressing satisfactorily. His Imperial Majesty the Emperor, on the recommenda- tion of His Excellency IIlrrx Freiherrx, Dr. Lucius vox Balluausex. Minister for Agriculture, Forests, &c , and Honorary President of the Exhibition, will give the Large Golden State Medal for horticultural productions to the contribution which shall be con- sidered the most excellent. The Minister, in view of the great extent of the exhibition, has moreover sanctioned the awarding of eighty SLate Medals. All the State as well as several of the private railways of Germany, promise to atl'.jrd free transit to all goods not sold at the exhibition. The Farmers' Club of Berlin, besides other associations previously an- nounced, will give a Prize of Honour of the value hi 1 I 1 marks. Architects and gardeners are alike striving to make the exhibition as magnificent as possible, and one decorative group, which will occupy ;; 10 square metres, is already announced. Pro- grammes may be obtained on application to the General Secretariat, Invaliden Sirasse 42, Berlin. Tne latest date on which announcements to exhibit can be received is March 1. In conjunction with the exhibition there will be a Congress held of German lovers of lawns, and announcements to compete in this section must be sent to IIkuun SniAiMiKi.M, in Saclisenhausen, Frankfort-ou-Maine. In connection with this exhibition, already referred to, illustrations of the geography of plants under the superintendence ol Professor Aa HBBSOK, will be dis- played, and other branches will be represented as follows: Physiology, I),-. FBANK; Seeds, Assistant Professor Hknnings ; Morphology and Development, Dr. lut; Fungi, Dr. MAON0S; Soils, 1 1. History and Literature of Gardening and Uotany, Dr. S. m m is-. ■; Official ami Technical subjects, Dr. Li in Hi 11. Dr. Wittmack informs us of the intention of the eminent linn of MM. Vll mohis-Amhiiii \. & Co., Paris, to take part in the exhibition; also Mr. Blais, gardener to the Duke of Scthibland, Trent- ham ; and F. Samdi b & Co. St. Albans. The exami- nation of all packages liable to surveillance under the Phylloxera laws in force at Berlin, will take place within the show buildings— a concession due to the efforts of Prince Bism i i LORCHIDEENE.— The last meeting was held on February 'J, and was remarkable for the fine display of Cattleya Trianie, Cypripedii and Odonto- glossum. The following awards were made : — First Class Diploma of Honour to Cypripedium Warocqueanum, from M. ti. Warocque ; Dendrochi- lum glumacenm var. validum, from M. E. Wallaert ; Ladia anceps var. Lindeni, from M. J. Hye-Leysen. Certificates of Merit, First Class, tot I'lnntoglossuin Pescatorei var. Lindeni, from M. <;. Warocqu£; 0. Rossi var. maximum, from M. Linden; O. Wilcke- anuni var. alliens, from M, J. live- 1. ej sen ; Demlro- biuin Wardianum var. giganteum, from M. Linden; Cattleya Trianie var. II nana, from M. Linden; Cypripedium Godseffianum, from M. Vervaet; C. villosum var.albo-marginatum, from M. E. Wallaert; Odontoglo8sum crispum var. jguttatum, from M. J, live- Leysen ; Cattleya Trianaj var. Baillonville, from M. G. Miteau ; C. Trianaj var., from L. E. Wallaert ; C. Trianaj var., from M. J. Hye-Leysen ; C. Trianie var. from M. Vervaet. Certificate of Merit.Second Class, to Odontoglossum sulphureum, from M. G. Warocque ; 0. mulus, from M. .1. Hye-Leysen ; O. crispum var., from M. Linden- Cypripedium Barteti, from M. Vervaet; C. barbato ; Veitchii, from M. G. Miteau ; C. Uevigatum var. platytajnium, from M. Hye-Leysen ; Cattleya Trianaj var." pallida, from M. Linden ; C. Trianaj var., from M. Vervaet ; Ccelogyne Lemoineana, from M. G. Warocque. Cultural Certificate, First Class, to Lajlia anceps, from M. G. Warocque. Cultural Certificate, Second Class, to Cypripedium Boxalli, from M. G. Miteau ; Maxillaria luteo-alba, from M. Linden. Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists.— By James Britten-, F.L.S., and G. S. BooLOEa, F.L.S., extracted from the Journal of Uo'any : — • Martyn, Rev. Thomas (1736?— 1825) : b. Chel- sea, 1736?; d. Pertenhall, Cambridge, 3rd June, 1825. Son of preceding. B.A., Canib , 1756. MA.. 1759. B.D, 1700. F.R.S., 1780. F.L.S., 1788. Prof. Bot., Cambridge. 17G2. • I'iantaj Cantab..' 1763. ' Catal. Hort. Cantab.' 1771. 'Flora Rustica,' 1792-94. Edited Miller's Dic- tionary. 1803—1807. Pritz. 2(17 ; Jacks. 578 : R.S.C. iv. 270 ; Gorham ; Nich. Auecd. iii. 156 ; Nich. Illust. v. 752; Gent. Mag. xcv. ii. 85; Jourii. Hort. xxi. 1876, 70. with portr. Painting by Russel, engr. by Vendramini, 1799, in Thornton's Botany, also en- graved by Holl. 1799. Copy at Kew. "Massow, Fbascis (1741— 1S0.5 or 1806): b. Aberdeen. Aug. 1711; d. Montreal. Dec. 1805, or .1.111. 1806. F.L.S., 1790. Gardener. First col- lector sent out from Kew. To the Cape, 1772 — 1773 ; the Canaries and Azores, 1778 ; the Cape and interior, with Thunberg, 1780—1795; New York ami Montreal, 1798. ' Stapeliaj noYffi,' 1796. Kees; Pritz. 208; Jacks. Ill; [R, S. ('. iv. 279, but by error] ; Journ. But. 1884, 111. Ill; 1885, 227 ; 1886, 335; Smith Lett. ii. 117, 183; Linn. Letters, ii. iii; Gard, Chron. 1881, ii. 333; Cott. Card. viii. 280; Phil. Trans, lxvi. ; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 83. Plants and drawings in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Oil portrait at Linn. Soc. Massonia L "Masters, J. W. nl. L838 -1848). Head Gar- dener, H.E.I.C. Garden, Calcutta, to 1838. ' Cal- tutta Flora,' Agric. Soc. India Trans, vii. (1840); ' ' Flora of Xaga Hills.' Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, xiii. (1844); ' Plants of Upper Assam,' Agric. Soc. India Journ. vi. (1848). Plants at Kew. R. S. C. iv. -J-1'. "Masters, Williau (1796 1874): b. Canterbury, 7th July. 1796 ; d. St. Peter's, Canterbury, 26th Sept., 1874. .Nurseryman. Founded Canterbury Museum, 1823. Hon. Curator, L823 1846. ' llortus Duro- verni,' ed. ;'., 1831. Hybridised Passion-flowers, Aloes, Cacti, &c. Had garden arranged on Natural System. Gard. Chron., L874, ii., 437. Bust by Wcekes in Canterbury Museum. PRIMULA SINENSIS.— Some very pretty flowers of the above plant in various colours have reached us from Messrs. J. II. Veitch & Sous, Chelsea, the flowers of good form, and colours mostly very decided, and of con8iderablerange. A few were what might be called semi-double varieties, the colours being rose-pink and red. MR. GEORGE W. Young.— This name will be recognised as that of a recently elected pensioner on the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent Institution — a pension he has not lived to receive. He was a most earnest, competent, and industrious gardener, as expert in growing specimen Heaths and hard- wooded plants as in producing high-class Grapes and vegetables. Mr. Young was for several years gardener to the late Viscount BABRiNaxoN at Beckett House, Berks, and subsequently became gardener to the late Duke of Buckingham at Stowe. While at Beckett he perhaps grew the fickle but beautiful Lisianthus Russellianus better than it has been seen elsewhere, some of his specimens bearing from 500 to 700 handsome blooms. After leaving Stowe ho went into business, but lost rather than gained by the change, and eventually returned to work in nurseries and gardens. Journal qf Horticulture, 204 THE GARDENERS'- CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1890. PENTSTEMON MENZIESII VAR. SCOULERI. (Fig. 33.) The above charming North American plant comes from the Cascade Mountain range of the North-west, above Lytton, and is a woody, evergreen perennial, with large purple-violet flowers, which appear in the manner common to most of the Pent- stemons. The plant, coming from an altitude of 5000 feet, is well calculated to withstand the utmost cold experienced in this country. Although in like manner to many other alpines, which at home are covered with snow during the winter season, and suffer during our much milder winters if uncovered, this plant will be much safer if it be afforded a mulch of leaf-mould, tine coal-ashes, Sea., at the approach of winter. We are indebted to the kind- ness of Dr. Dieck, of Zoeschen, Germany, for being enabled to figure the plant — the plant being amongst the novelties on sale at that nursery. Florists' Flowers. CINERARIAS. The improvements effected in Cinerarias is little short of marvellous, the flowers having increased in diameter to 3 inches, whereas it was usual to have them only half that size, and the habit of the plants is much better than it used to be. The heads of bloom, although large, are not coarse, and the petals broad and well-defined, and of great substance, and of beautiful marking, and the selfs are of rich and varied colours. Not only had this advance been made in the single-flowered varieties, but the double- flowered varieties have improved. These are doubtful gains to the gardener, although they may be useful for bouquets, and to make variety, and last much longer in the cut state. To perpetuate these, and any single-flowered variety which shows merit, take care of the plants after they have flowered, andi encourage them to nake side-shoots, which may be done by turning them out of their pots, and planting them pretty close together in leaf-soil, and suffi- ciently deep to just cover the ball. This will cause them to make fresh root and growth, and as the suckers throw up, they strike into the leaf-mould, and may then be taken off ready rooted and potted. To slip them oft' from the crowns without injury is better done with a knife, giving a downward cut, and raising the lower end. After a sufficient number of suckers have been taken, the whole root may be taken up, and the side-shoots pulled off, and repotted at once in small pots, and stood in a pit or frame kept close for a week, and where they can have a little warmth, and plenty of atmospheric moisture. Where it is wished to save plants for seed, the stock should be gone over as soon as they come into bloom, and the best selected, and placed apart from the others while the flowers are setting ; and as the pollen is carried from one to the other by the air, and insects or bees, it is as well to net the plants over. Most of the nurserymen have fine strains of Cinerarias, some of them being specially noted for their superior breeds, and seed can bp obtained from them at a reasonable rate. The time for sowing depends entirely on the season the plants are wanted in bloom, but as they are generally liked early, the first sowing may be made this month, a second towards the end of March, and the third, and final, a month later, which will keep up a succession till late in the spring. In filling a seed-pan, let it be well drained, and finely sifted leaf-mould and loam, in equal proportions, adding a sprinkling of sand to it, and press it down firmly and evenly. Then water the soil with a fine- rosed pot, and after the pan has stood a short time, the seed may be scattered thinly, and a slight portion of silver sand sifted over it. If the pan is then covered with a sheet of glass, and stood in a warm house or frame, the seed will soon germinate, when the glass should be tilted for a day or two, and then removed, the best situations for the plants afterwards being a light shtlf in an intermediate stove. When they have been pricked off into pans or boxes, put them into a frame which has gentle heat from fermenting material, or failing that, any pit or light house where there is artificial warmth and moisture. An ordinary garden frame stood in a partially shaded situation on a coal-ash bottom, with its back to the sun, will be the best place for growing them in the summer months. The plants should be frequently sprinkled and afforded full ven- tilation. The night dews are very beneficial, and when the weather is favourable, the lights may be taken off the frame at night and at others be tilted, The Hardy Fruit Garden. Borders for Wall Fkuit Trees.— It cannot be too strongly impressed on the minds of those who crop their fruit borders heavily with vegetables, that the fruit trees sustain great loss. It is not uncom- mon to see permanent plants growing almost at the foot of the fruit walls, and the heavy dressings of manure afforded the soil to grow good vegetables causes the trees to throw out strong wood, and at the expense of their fertility. The Mulberry, although grown in most gardens, is not as a rule pruned and cared for, but is left to grow as it will, but these trees should have their chief branches thinned out, and other smaller ones spurred Flfi. 33.— PENTSTEMON MENZIESII VAR. SCOULERI: COLOUR OF THE FLOWERS PURPLE-VIOLET. remembering that a close atmosphere in the frame will cause mildew. To prevent any check during the plant's growth, it is necessary to repot the plants before they get potbound ; 7 or 8-inch pots are quite large enough for the strongest, and 6-inch for the rest. The soil most suitable for Cinerarias is fibry loam, leaf-mould, and a little mild, very rotten manure, in which mixture they should be potted firmly, and immediately well watered to settle the whole. As the plants are very subject to green-fly, it is necessary to keep a close watch on them, and to fumigate now and then, even if no insects are seen ; but it must be done with care, as they will not stand much smoke, and a safe way is to give them a whiff at night and again in the morning. Cinerarias are also sensitive to frost, and though a low tempe- rature Buits them best, they quickly show the effects of the glass running below 32° ; but anywhere a few degrees higher than that and 45° is safe for the winter. J. S. in. Under this mode of treatment it is surprising what a large quantity of fruit a standard tree will produce, and the size of the fruit at the same time is improved, so that it becomes a useful dessert fruit, and one whose flavour many persons enjoy. The Mulberry- is an ornamental tree of some value in the pleasure grounds, when it is grown in the kitchen garden or orchard ; turf should be laid beneath it, and kept closely mown about the time the fruit is ripe. Quinces and Medlars should be pruned and mulched ; these often neglected trees will repay any extra attention. Strawberries should be heavily mulched between the rows, and lightly over the plants ; and on no account dug between the rows, but weeds cleared off with a hoe and rake, and very lightly point the ground, giving a good sprinkling of soot, then follow with the mulching. Where the planting of new Strawberry beds could not be done in the autumn, the ground should be got in readiness now, by trenching it as deeply as it is advisable to do so, supplying at the same time plenty pf manure, most FEitnrABT 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. ■205 of which should lay about 1 foot from the surface ; if the surface consists of old garden soil, with some good yellow loam below, it will be desirable to turn some of the latter nearer to the surface, which will tend to prevent the plants from growing too much to leaf, instead of forming flower-stems. A. Emus, Lythe Hi'l, Baslemere, The Orchid Houses. East Indian House. — The need for shading this house was demonstrated early in the month by the sun shining brilliantly out, and country growers who were caught napping would be caused some incon- venience thereby, as Fhalxnopsis dislikes strong sun shining directly upon them at any season of the year. With the increase of warmth and light, moisture in the house may be slightly increased, but this must be done with caution, as cloudy weather is almost certain to return shortly. Saccolabium bellinum. now coming into flower, is a curious and pretty Orchid, which does very well in this house, should be hung up as close as can be done with safety to the top ventilators, and never made too wet, or the tips of the leaves will certainly " spot." Calanthe Masuca and C. veratrifolia are now grow- ing strongly, and where the plants have filled the pots with roots, weak liquid manure may be afforded them with advantage, and if made of guano it may be applied with safety at the rate of 1 07.. to 1 gal . of water : soot may be applied to the surface of the soil before watering. I do not advise this to be given at every water- ing, but alternately with clear water. A little tobacco smoke may now be appiifd to the plants in the different departments. Tobacco-smoke is certainly very injurious to some plants, while others do not seem to be the least affected by it. For, say, a house yi) feet long, it should have just sufficient smoke given that the end opposite to that at which the operator stands is not quite obscured. Under this condition I have never known any plant to be injured by it, if the foliage was comparatively dry when the fumi- gation was done. Fumigation is most inimical to tnrips and yellow aphis. Saturday being usually the day when watering is done, the plants are the driest on Friday night, and that is when we do our fumi- gation. Temperature of this house the same as advised for last week. Cattleya Hotue. — With the advent of February, we are reminded to push on with Cattleyas and Lxlias which require to be repotted, and the advancing season will bring daily accession in airing, shading, &c , and less time will, therefore, be found for doing that later on, which should have been done now. I should like to say that I believe it to be bad policy to let any plant stop in the same pot for more than two years, so it will readily appear how important it is that the work of repotting should not be delayed. To the list of plants given in last week's calendar I may add Cattleya Gaskelliana and C. Mendelii, if late (lowering ; alio Lselia autumnalis, I-, albida, L. Q inldiana, &c. Temperature the same as given in our last. house. — This house is now gay with Ccclogyne ; every amateur who has an Orchid-house or warm greenhouse lias not got the right plants if Ctclogynes are not included, and they are within the reach of everyone. The pure white variety, which is still rare, and is later flowering than the type, must not have too much water now, or the spikes will damp oil'. Cymbidium Lowianum now throwing up spikes will be assisted if guano-water be afforded in the same manner as advised for the evergreen Calanthes. Pleiones which are now growing fast, will be assisted by overhead syringing every fine morning, and which will keep the plants free from red-spider — a pest to which they are rather addicted when kept dry. Oncidium sarcodes now coming to flower must not be allowed to become dry at the root, this being a plant that suffers more or less from flowering, according to the size of spike. I do not like the plan of tying the spikes around three sticks, the flowers do not then show themselves to the greatest advantage. I like to have them hung close to the roof, the flowers then all hang down, and present a much better appearance. Dendrochilum glumaceuin, now pushing up growths and spikes, must be well supplied with water. This species does much better when grown in this house, as do also it congeners, 1). filiforme and longifolia. Cattleyas Dayana, marginata, and Lielia prajstans, should be kept moist, and he also afforded not much potting material about their roots ; and the plants may be examined to see that nothing is decaying, either baskets, blocks, or rafts, and the little peat and sphagnum should be fresh, or they will soon lose their roots. These are perhaps the most useful plants we have for autumn flowering. Temperature, 55° at night, 60° by day. Cool-house. — Disas will now be growing fast, and may with advantage be syringed overhead on fine mornings. These plants like light and air, and I grow them on the top of the stage of a lean-too house, facing north, and close to the ventilators, a place that seems to suit them admirably, as they grow like Leeks, and the leaves keep of a deep dark green colour. Peat and sphagnum moss are the materials required to grow them well, and I have tried them in loam, peat, leaf-soil, &c, but find that the best results came from the use of peat and sphagnum. Temperature, 4jD to 50°. A, G. Catt, Parkficld, Worcester. Fruit Register. APPLE MAN'NIN'GTON'S PEARMAIN. This splendid Apple (fig. b'l) is a chance seedling, which originated in a blacksmith's garden in Kent about one hundred years ago. We grow over a hundred varieties of Apples here, but I consider this the best Fir.. 34.— MuraixoTOX's Fumiux. of them all. for let any one visit the fruit-room in October or November, and the shelves will be found in a good season to be load ed from end to end with scores of kinds ; but it is after Christmas that the test comes, and one then sees the best keepers and most valuable varieties. The variety in question is a compact grower and bearer, and of delicious flavour, and should never be used until after the new year. Nearly all our late keeping Apples are gathered too soon— Stumer Pippin, Cockle Pippin, Golden Harvey, Golden Knob, and this variety should be left on the trees till quite late, and their keeping qualities and flavour will be improved thereby. I am out of all patience with the constant praising up of foreign Apples, and rating down our own. Why, one of our cottagers here paid half his rent last year with the crop of two trees of the Wadhurst Pippin ; and one old Apple tree on one of the farms hereabout bore in one season the incredible quantity of sixty bushels. I took a turn round Covent Garden in December, and by request bought for a gentleman a barrel for £1 3s. of" Greenings," a Canadian kind, but when opened found that nearly half vvere unuseable. I have seen the same thing over and over again with barrels of New Town Pippins ; and when I say that there is plenty of land in this county at £1 per acre, which will make good orchards, there is great short- sightedness somewhere— paying good English money away for what we can grow at home. A few healthy articles have appeared in the Times lately, and in addition to what most writers say, I would strongly recommend dwarf trees, abundant shelter, and plenty of bees to fertilise the blossoms. Last year was a bad year for Apples, yet we had full crops of Wadhurst Pippin, Northern Greening, Hawthornden, Duchess of Oldenberg, Stirling Castle, Col. Vaughan, Codlin, White Paradise, King of the Pippins, Orange Pippin, Bess Pool, Old Nonsuch, New Ilawthorden, Evagil, Winter Nonsuch, Betty Geeson, Tower of Glamis, Hoary Morning, Easter Pippin, Ringmer, Golden Knob, Rosemary Russet, Stunner Pippin, and Mannington's Pearmain — two dozen in all. Joseph Rust, Bridge Castle, Sussex. [In Kent or Sussex this may be possible, but we are re- minded that all England has not a Kentish soil and Snssex climate. Ed.] Apple Goldex Knob. The above Apple is a very useful one for the dessert, in use at the present time. The fruit are not large, but are uncommonly crisp in texture of flesh, and sweet. The tree generally crops heavily, and is a strong grower. I may say the colour of the fruit is almost entirely covered with russet, and being easily distinguished from most other varieties. H. Marhham. Home Correspondence. DAFFODILS "NECK AND NECK " TO BLOOM AT ARD CAIRN, CORK. — I scud cut specimens of the following early-flowering Daffodils now in flower out-of-doors at Ard-Cairn, Cork, viz., Ard-High, or Yellow King, North Star (very early), Pallidus Pnrcox, and Birolnr l'nvnx ; the latter comes from the Pyrenees. W. B. HartlanJ, (Excellent blooms of all the above enumerated varietiescame with this note, bearing out our correspondent's statement. Ed.] FIRST-BLAST, OR FIRE-BLIQHT, IN FRUIT TREES. — In our country we have a very destructive disease of the I'ear known as "Fire-blight." Huge branches -often the whole tree — will die, apparently in a few hours. The leaves do not turn brown, but usually black, and emit an odour of putrescence. Usually an inch or so of the bark at the base of the injured part is brown, and the line of demarcation between this brown and black bark can be distinctly seen. In the blackened part our mycologists find a ecies of Bacterium, which they have styled B. amvlivovorus, and many regard it as the cause, by their rapid development of the tree's death. Some- thing similar occurs in the Apple, but usually affec s sin i 1 twigs, rarely main branches, as in the Pears. I have never been able to trace this disease to Europe, though I have read of something similar, though rare, in the Pear trees of France. Happening to turn to Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine, vol. iii. (1827), p. 280, Mr. Robert Sutherland, gardener at Goddesden Park, Herts, writing of the diseases of fruit trees, mentions " ' Fire-blast,' which sometimes destroys the whole tree in a few hours." He does not say in what kind of fruit tree. It sounds so much like our "Fire-blight," that it is probably the same, or similar. I never heard before of this disease in England. It will be interesting to know whether it still exists, and what is known about it. Those who are studying " Fire-blight " in this country would be much assisted by a knowledge of its geographical range. Thomas Median, German- town, Philadelphia. VANDA8. — My experience in the cultivation of Vandas in respect to shading here in West Middlesex coincides with that of Mr. Douglas (p. 13:', Feb. 1 ), one instance I will give is a case in point. The plant was a fine variety of V.tricolor.which I had grown from quite a small plant ; the plant from which it had been taken used to flower freely, but I could not induce the younger one to do so until it had been in my possession for some time. This was not because it was not large enough to flower, nor through ill-health either. I grew the plant for a few years in a house that was shaded heavily for Ferns and other tender subjects, and was rewarded with one, or at the most two, spikes each season. This not being satisfactory, I removed it to another stove of about the same temperature ; and here, 206 THE GABDEXEfi,T C HI? 0 XI CLE. [Febkuaet 15, 1890. with a lighter shading (Brittain's Netting, No. 3) and more exposure to the light when not shaded artificially, the plant flowered at nearly every joint. It produced, season after season, nine and ten spikes in constant succession. Getting too tall at last, it had to be lowered, which caused a check, but it now bids fair to continue its free-flowering this season, it being in the best of health, and having twenty pairs of leaves upon the single stem, which clothe it to the soil. Here I would like to confirm what Mr. Thomson mentions (p. 174, Feb. 8) lespecting the overhauling of Vandas about September. I cut mine down during that month in last year with the best results, not even losing one leaf either at the time or since. On a previous occasion I cut it down in the spring, but in spite of every precaution I lost several. My plant was potted nearly in the way Mr. Thomson advises ; peat, charcoal, sphagnum moss and crocks being mixed together, and put two-thirds of the way down the pot. I firmly believe it is far better to endeavour to induce all of the roots to enter the soil, rather than allow them to ramble outside of the pot with greater risk of injury to their points. In the pot they will throw out large bunches of rootlets from each main root, and which must be a great assistance to the plants, especially when sus- taining several spikes in operation. J. H. PRIMULA AMCENA.— It is very much to be hoped that this plant is not lost to cultivation. I some- how do not think that it is. Some amateurs in this locality possess many very choice hardy plants, and if I am not mistaken, I think P. amrena may yet be found. There is one I know of which is very like the description given by Mr. Wolley Dod, but I will not venture to say that it is the plant in question ; but when the flowers appear, I will forward you a few. [Please do so. Ed.] While writing on Primulas I would like to call attention to the usefulness of Primula verticillata, or, as it is more commonly called, the Abyssinian Cowslip. It flowers in the fashion of the common Cowslip, but the foliage is quite white with a covering of what might be taken lor millers' dust. It flowers in April, and has a pretty shade of yellow. The best way to grow it is to plant it out in a shel- tered place in the summer, and lift ; repot it in the autumn, and keeping it in a cold frame till about the month of March, when it may be put into a warm greenhouse, where it will flower well. P. floribunda, too, is a pretty little yellow Primula, and looks best when grown in a pan, with the middle plant raised a little, and the outside plants allowed to touch the outside of the pan. Well filled pans have a very pretty effect in the conservatory, and the plants are very easily raised from seed. G. Merritt, The Nur- sery, Harpend.cn. HEAVY CLAY LAND.— The criticism of my note by W. L., on the treatment of heavy clay soil has not altered my opinion that autumn-trenched ground when left alone makes a better seed bed in spring than it does when again dug over. I have sometimes given the second digging to land more as a trial of the plan, but have always had reason to regret having done so. All heavy soils however are not alike in texture, but they vary considerably, and I write in accord- ance with' the experience I have gained here with a soil the consistency of which may be gathered when I say a piece of ornamental water in the pleasure ground covers the site from which clay was taken for the making of bricks when the mansion was in course of building, and the soil in the kitchen garden is of a similar nature. It would answer no pur- pose to repeat our mode of cultivation, which with- out exception affords a very satisfactory seed bed. But I would point out the dilemma we should un- doubtedly be in were we to adopt your correspondent's practice. Deep stirring of the soil about the middle of February is recommended. What does that mean ? During February, our soil and other heavy soils are in a more or less wet state, and to stir and tread them then would puddle and cake them, so that mis- chief would be done, which no after treatment could rectify. Satisfactory crops of early Peas, Farnips, Onions, &c, would consequently be out of the ques- tion, and upon this point my argument in favour of autumn and against spring trenching of heavy soils, rests. I hold that autumn-trenched clay ground, pro- vided it is left alone, becomes in a fit condition for cropping earlier in the season than that which is trenched in the spring, or dug over after the trenching in late winter, all the benefits of exposure of the soil to frost being thereby lost. The same argument applies to Onions succeeding Celery. It is impossible to have ordinary clay soil which has been trodden and moved through the winter in all weathers, as the Celery ground must be in good tilth for the Onion crop. W. L.'s clay is evidently of a very favourable quality. I may mention that rain or snow fell here on 18 days in February last year, amounting to 3'53 in., and at no time during that month did we have more than two consecutive dry days, and this may be taken as a fair average of our weather in that month. The remark respecting the destruction of woodlice and weed seeds, by stirring the soil in February, needs no comment. Whoever before beard of woodlice in- festing clay land at that season, or seeds of weeds being killed wholesale by bringing them near the surface of the soil at a time when warmth increases ? Thos. C'oomber. SEQUOIA GIGANTEA.— In the pretty grounds attached to Whitchurch Rectory, Edgware, are several handsome specimens of this tree, with trunks at 2 feet from the ground, of 4 feet in circumference, and which are from 40 to 50 feet high, and perfectly straight, and furnished with luxuriant foliage from base to summit. There are several other choice and well-grown Conifers in these interesting grounds, but the Sequoias are the most noticeable. The soil is a stiff yellow loam. The Rose beds and shrubbery borders are edged with thick rows of established Pa;onies and Auriculas, which must have a telling effect when in bloom. The Rev. John B. Norman, rector of Whitchurch, is an enthusiastic horticul- turist, and has several houses devoted to Orchid culture ; three of them being, till quite recently, filled chiefly with Odontoglossum Alexandra. Some years ago the reverend gentleman was better known in the Orchid world than he is at the present time, but so long as Cattleya gigas Normani is retained in our collections, his name is not likely to be for- gotten by the cultivators of Orchids. H. W. W. GALANTHUS REDOUTEI, AND G. LATIFOLIUS.— Amongst a good deal of confusion which is being caused by an unauthorised multiplication of the names of Snowdrops, one mistake seems to be general with regard to the names G. Redoutei and G. lati- folius. G. Redoutei of Regel {Gartenflora, 1874, p. 202) differs from G. nivalis in the breadth of the leaves, and in being larger, and has also been called G. nivalis var. latifolius. It is a Trans-Caucasian plant, and has been referred to G. plicatus, from which it differs only in having no folds in the leaves (see Boissier, Fl. Or., vol. v., p. 145). I have the same variety from some source, named G. plicatus var. caucasicus, but to refer the variety to plicatus, when it has no folds, seems a misnomer. Perhaps this is now to be called G. caucasicus, Baker, which is described in Ware's Bulb Catalogue of 1889 as " new," but it has been in cultivation in England at least ten years, and only the name is new. G. lati- folius, Ruprecht, described in Boissier's Fl. Orient , vol. v., p. 146, is generally sold by the name o( G. Redoutei, to which it has no claim. Its broad, shining leaves make it entirely distinct from all other Snowdrops, and more resemble those of a small Colchicum. Messrs. Damman, of Naples, when I asked for G. Redoutei, rightly sent me G. nivalis var. Redoutei, of Regel ; but perhaps the name Redoutei ought now to disappear from cata- logues, being replaced by caucasicus. C. Wolley Doil, Edge Hall, Ma/pas. SUTTON'S PRIMULA SINENSIS DOUBLE SCARLET. — Not only do the semi-double strain of Primulas which Messrs. Sutton & Son made such a display with at the Royal Horticultural Society meeting some time since, come true from seeds, but in many cases the seedlings show marked improvement on former strains. Among double scarlets of their strain grown by Mr. Russell, gardener to Edward Moon, Esq., at Cassiobridge, are some vividly coloured scarlets of a dark hue, which should be perpetuated. In the same gardens the old double white is well grown, and is still considered to be the best white Primula to grow for cut flowers. For the same purpose, however, Sutton's semi-doubles are much liked, as they do not drop the flowers as do the singles. ./. OB. STRAWBERRIES MOWN OVER.— We all believe, or persuade ourselves that we believe, that " an ounce of practice is worth a ton of theory ; " and this apropos of mowing off in the early winter the leaves of Strawberry plants. I will premise that my father was a gardener, and a very good one he used to be thought by his brethren of the craft, and he had charge of a big place where much was required iu fruit and vegetables at nearly all times of the year ; and certainly it would never have done for the supply of Strawberries for the still room or the dessert to run short. Well, in spite of knowing this, and the dire effects to himself should such an untoward event arise, he invariably gave orders to mow over" them Grove End Scarlets. Hoboys, (Ilautbois) and Black Princes ; " and mowed over they were, year by year, and as an enrichment of the land and a covering to their naked crowns, a coating of leaf- mould well-decayed, and mixed with the remains of exhausted Mushrooms, was afforded them. As to the quantities of fruit picked in proper season, let the remembrance of honest backaches acquired in the long pickings attest. Varieties there were which were not so much cut into the quick, and these are such as have heavy foliage, which keeps green for a longer time than the earlier ripening varieties above alluded to. To this class belong Elton, Keen's Seedling, British Queen, Frogmore Late Pine, and Trollope's Victoria — varieties not thought much of now, but which are bad to be beaten when well done. Gardeners stuck to their own practices as much then as now, and good crops were got by quite opposite methods, but only by those men who did not dig deeply close up to and between the plants. A. Y, E. OUTDOOR STRAWBERRIES.— It is the practice with many, in the management of outdoor Straw- berries, to take the whole or greater part of the foliage off during winter, and not only that, but to dig amongst the plants, which, in my opinion, are the two greatest mistakes that can be perpetrated with regard to them, as removing the leaves exposes the crowns and hearts of the plants to all the vicis- situdes and changes of weather, and the digging destroys the young surface-roots, and makes the ground loose, which conditions are adverse to the welfare of all Strawberries, as what they require is a firm bed and shelter for the fresh foliage that pushes up in the spring. Instead, therefore, of trimming them, it is far better to leave them for the present pretty much as they are, and in lieu of digging they should only have the ground cleaned by hoeing, or in some other way to free it from weeds ; and when this is done, it will benefit the plants considerably to spread amongst them a good dressing of short manure, which will protect them against hard frost, and feed and nourish the roots, as the rains will carry the pieces down and enrich the soil as far as they go. Not only is a top-dressing of manure of great value towards securing good fruit, but in the case of old plants, soil mixed with it is of great use to mould up round them, as Strawberries get so far above the ground through the stems of the crowns elongating, and when these find fresh material around them, they quickly emit young roots into it, and thus add to their strength. J. S, SAMBUCUS RACEMOSUS. — My experience of this plant is, that it fruits much more freely when the seeds are sown where it is to grow, than it ever does after being transplanted. Just now I can only remember one case of a transplanted tree fruiting even fairly well. It is by no means plain why this should be, for one would think that the contrary would be the case. When freely fruited, it is a handsome subject. Can any of yours readers bear testimony to the value, or otherwise, of the yellow- fruited form. S. r. fructo Havo? T. Smith, Newry. IRIS BORNMUELLER1— Mr. Dewar will find the descriotion of this new Iris in the Flora, 1880, p. 140, K. G. THE LATE W. WILDSMITH— It was stated in the Obituary notice of the lamented W. Wildsmith in our last issue, that he was born at Bradford, but as a matter of fact he was a native of Luddenden, a village near Halifax, and he kept up his connection with the place to the last. John Wormald, Luddenden. CHINESE SACRED LILY.— We send you for your inspection two plants of the Chinese Sacred Lily that we have growo, and think you will be interested in seeing them. We have noticed the following peculiarities. Bulbs grown in gravel and water flower some four days earlier than the bulbs grown in mould, in all other respects treated alike. Another peculiarity of this variety is that the offshoots are the first in all cases to flower before the main stem. Although this variety of Narcissus is indisputably FebbuasIy 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 207 connected with forms already in existence, it appears to possess a distinctiveness, by reason of its floriferous habit, as well as by the delicacy of the odour of the flower, and the public, who have grown them, so far as the reports sent us are concerned, appear to be very- pleased with the plants, as being specially adapted for drawing or living-room cultivation. James Carter $ Co. [Well grown and flowered. Ed.] THE GOOD- LUCK LILY. — I have now in full and beautiful bloom seven bulbs of the Sacred Lily of the Chinese (Narcissus tazetta Grand Emperor) in four Japanese bowls, and bearing no fewer than forty-live spikes of bloom ; the perfume exhaled by them is somewhat overpowering. The first flower opened just six weeks after the bulbs were put into water, and nearly all the offsets or side bulbs have produced a spike of bloom. 1 wish some one would state in the Gardeners' Chronicle the treatment best suited for these bulbs after flowering. Should they be kept still supplied with water, or be gradually dried off, and will thev be anv good for next year's bloom ? W. E. G. BIRDS AND FLOWERS. — Birds dislike bitter tastes, and the best preventive I have found to protect Crocus flowers against sparrows and pheasants is to spray them with an infusion of Quassia chips. These make so strong a bitter that a quarter of a pound in several gallons of water is sufficient. The chips are very cheap, and they should be boiled to extract all their virtues. Those who think that the effect will soon be washed off by rain should try, as I have done — sprinkling a Gooseberry bush with the infusion soon after the fruit is set. The Gooseberries retain the bitter taste till they are nearly ripe. I think this treatment would prevent bulfinches eating buds. C. EARLINESS OF VEGETATION IN THE SCILLY ISLANDS.— During the whole of the history of floriculture in these islands there was never the like seen so early in the spring, as at the present time. The mildness of the winter here caused the Narcissus crop to bloom quite a month earlier than usual ; and consignments of flowers were sent off before Christ- mas, and in very large quantities since January came in, as much as from 10 to 15 tons twice a week having been despatched ; and during last week one grower (Mr. 1'. Watts), sent offabont 10 000 bunches or 120,000 blooms of Narcissi of different varieties. At the time I am writing, acres of Soleil d'Or and Scilly White Narcissus are in bloom, not in small patches of a lew roods, but an acre in extent, the quality as well as the quantity of the Narcissus crop generally was never excelled. There are now in bln.,n i in the open air, Narcissi Soleil ,] i >r. N. Scillv Wliu. , V Soli il d'Brilli int, X. Etoiled'l >r. \. Paper White, N. [1 iriosn , v Grand Monarque, N. Bazel- man minor, N. Belle ol N- irmandy, N, Telamoniua plenus, N. I > inble [ncoraparabilis, N. < iolden Phoenix, N. Orange Phoenix, Single [ncomparabilis, Trumpet Daffodils, .V obvallaris, V pallidal pnecox, X. Golden Spur, N. princeps, V Achilles, A N. Countess of Annesley, and N. odorus. Caroper- nelli and Anemone fulgens are in great abund- ance ; Wallflowers and Richardias are also being sent oft' to market. //. lb/Mem, St, Ma BciOy. RICHARDIA /ETHIOPICA.— I saw recently a fine display of these plants in a low span house at Blankney Hall, Lincoln. The plants were growing mostly in 12-inch pots, and had been flowei in the in i. Idle of December. With a view to flowering the plants at an early date they were grown in pots inarich loamy soil, and well supplied with water whilst grow- in/, with an occasional watering with liquid manure after the roots had filled the new soil, and still more frequently after the appearance of the spathes. This plant makes good returns for the generous treatment, spathes realizing about ten shillings per dozen in some of the large northern towns at the present time. //. 'I . Wax '• A REMEDY FOR THE BULB mite.— Previous to about fifteen months since 1 had been very suc- cessful in the cultivation of Amaryllis reticulata, but suddenly the bulbs ceased to do well — no sooner did a leaf rise above the soil than it turned yellow and rotted away. I was much puzzled as to what could be the cause, and I tried several things, but all to no purpose. A friend of mine who had been much troubled with the Eucharis (bulb) mite informed me that the mite had also attacked his Amaryllis, and that he had tried Clibran's mite killer with excellent effect. I then examined my bulbs of Amaryllis under a good lens and found them to be literally covered with insects identical in appearance with the mites that I had previously seen taken from Eucharis bulbs. I procured a tin of the mite killer from Messrs. Clibrau, and used it according to the directions, except that I allowed the bulbs to remain in the mixture for about twelve hours. I then washed them clean, and allowed them to dry. I then potted them in equal parts of loam, peat, and Oak-leaf mould. They are now in excellent condition, throw- ing up splendid leaves, and 1 have every confident" that in due time they will again flower well as of old, thanks to the mite killer. H. Ellis. Bon-Jon. GALANTHUS UMBRICUS —Mr. Ware offered, last autumn, Snowdrops under this name, for which I cannot find any authority. I planted a few in September, and this winter, when all spring bulbs were so dangerously forward, one or two of this lot came into flower about New Year's Day, a little before G. Imperati, which is generally the earliest here. Now that the two are in lull flower side by side, 1 have compared them, leaf and flower, and cannot see the least difference. Both are larger in all dimensions, and have the petals longer in proportion than the typical G. nivalis; I find the variety G. Imperati, which I have had from Italy, as well as from English dealers, far more constant in form than G. F.lwesi is. C. WolUy Dod, Edge Hall, Mal/xis. EARLINESS OF THE SNOWDROP.— I was interested on reading your correspondent's note on "The First Snowdrop,'' and thought it would be of interest to your readers to know that Snowdrops were gathere 1 here this season on December 2- ; this date being the earlier on which has been re- corded for the last thirty-seven years at this place. Last year, blooms were gathered on January 6. 1 may state that the Snowdrops alluded to grow on a bank on whicb Planes and Limes are g and receive no attention whatever. D. S. M., I . A. B. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. I'i ii. 11. — At the meeting held last Tuesdny in the Drill Hall, Westminster, there were but few exhibits before the fruit and Floral Committees ; but on the other hand. Orchids, chiefly hybrid Cypripediums, were fairly numerous, notwithstanding the cold weather. A conspicuous exhibit was Messrs. Chas. Lee & Sons' interesting collection of evergreen shrubs, &c. The annual general meeting of the Society was held in the Offices, 117, Victoria Street, in the afternoon. 1' »as presided over by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart , MI'., and there was a good attend- ance of Fellows. The chief feature of this meet- ing was the propounding by Baron Schroder of a scheme for the erection of a Horticultural Hall as a permanent home for the Society. Other observa- tions of this subject will be found on p. 200. Floral Committee. Present: W. Marshall, Esq, in the chair; and Messrs. K. Dean, T. liaines, C. T. Druery, 11. Ii. May, P. Blair, W. ('. Leach, B. B. Lowe, li. Wynne, II. Turner, O. Paul, (i. Nicholson, F. Ross, W. Holmes, E. Mawley, T. W. Girdlestone, and W. II. Williams. F'rom Messrs. Chas. I.e.- & Son, Koyal Vineyard Nursery, Hammersmith, W., there came a large col- lection of evergreen shrubs, arranged in ornamental groups in a regular and artistic plan. The plants employed comprised standard Ivies and Laurustinus, Holly bushes in variety, heavily-berried Aucubas, Dracamas, Osmanthus ilicifolins argenteus, the varie- gated-leaved Lleagnus, Pernettya mucronata in berry, Enonymus japonicns elegans, and various other plants of the same character. The style of exhibition was novel and showy. A collection of hardy plants in pots was shown by Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N. The chief objects were various Hellebores, including II. colchicus var. coccineus, with rich red brown flowers; also a pan of Eranthis hyemalis, Saxi- frages, &c. Cut flowers of Helleborus colchicus and guttatus, in variety ; early Narcissus, including cyclamineus minimus, and the yellow Corbularia, with Poeticus ornatus and Anemone fulgens and stellata, were shown in a pretty little group by Messrs. Burr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Other exhibits included a large single-flowered delicate pink Primula from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Sivanley, Kent; and a large white-flowered plant, Woodside Giant, from Mr. James, Faruham Royal. Mr. F. Ross, Pendell Court Gardens, Bletch- ingley, sent a flower-head of Dombeya Wallichi, and also flowering branches of Akebia quinata, a useful greenhouse climber. F'rom Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, came more novelties in the Javanico-multicolor section of Rhododendrons, Eclatante, with medium-sized flowers in a good truss, deep red is an attractive addition, and so is Admirable, with broad spreading petals of rich salmon-red. Mr. James Douglas, Great Gearies Gardens, Ilford, sent many seedling Hellebores, raised by him from a dark-flowered form of H. guttatus. They were mostly dark coppery-brown, with spots at the base of the segments, but one was white with spots, coloured as in the rest. A group of Cyclamen in pots was sent by the St. George's Nursery Company, Hanwell, but call for no special mention. Messrs. Bracher & Co., West Hill, Wincanton, exhibited " perforated metal flower-pots." These are made of perforated zinc, painted over. We do not see that any advantage will be found by their use. Orchid Committee. Present: II. J. Veitch, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. F\ G. Tautz, F, Sander, T. Moore, L. Castle, J. Douglas, H. Williams, E. Hill, C. Pilcher, W. B. Latham, J. Dominy, II. Ballantine, 11. M. Pollett, S. Courtauld, De B. Crawshay, James O'Brien, and A. II. Smee. From the collection of II. M. Pollett, Esq., Fern- side, Bickley (gr., Mr. Parks), there were sent a form of Cattleya Triana;, which had a bluish colouring on the median lobe of the lip ; Odonto- glossum crispum Bickleyanum, yellow with brown spots ; Cypripedium Elliottianum, which appears to be identical with C. Rothschildianum, as figured in the current number of the Botanical Magacine, t. 7 HI-. The dorsal sepal is oblong-acute, yellowish, with brown purple lines; the petals aie linear, 5 inches long, similarly coloured, with spots at the basal part, and stout hairs along the margin ; the lip, which is shaped as in O Stonei, is brownish-red. A conspicuous feature is the peculiar-shaped sta- minode, which is compared to the head and neck of a crane. Also a plant of Cypripedium Germinyamim, a hybrid of villosum and hirsutissimum. The petals are .'J inches long, yellow-brown, with the upper end rosy, and yellowish towards the lower edge ; dorsal sepal green, with brownish shade, and spots darker towards the base ; the lip is that of villosum ; the flower is hairy, as in the other parent. Three Cypripediums were sent by F. G. Tautz, Esq., Shepherds Bush (gr., Mr. J. C. Cowley). The most striking being C. porphyrochlamys, a hybrid from C. barbatum. It is rich brown crimson all over the flower, the dorsal sepal has a white edge and dark lines, and the petals which become paler at the base are spotted with a dark colour and bear hairs along the margin ; also C. Mrs. Canham, a large flowered hybrid, and C. Lathamianum, which plant was also shown by Mr. Bond, gr. to C. L. Ingrain, Esq,., Elstead House, Godalming; Mr. Ballantine, gr. to Baron Schroder, the Dell, Egham, and Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, S.W. The parents are C. Spicerianum and C. villosum. The lip and petals are bright yellowish brown, and shiny. There is a central dark line down the petals sharply dividing the coroling, which is greenish on the lower half. The dorsal sepaljis large, white with a central nerve, greenish at the base with brown spots. The flower is very handsome and distinct. From Messrs. Veitch, who had a very fine form of the above, there also came C. Germinyanum, and a spike of the pretty hybrid Pbalamopsis, T. L. Ames, Dendrobium Wardianum japonicum bearing small white flowers with a red brown blotch in the throat ; also Cypripedium Calypso, which is practically the result of the reversed parentage of C. Lathamianum] it is paler in colour throughout, and the dorsal sepa, has more conspicuous and longer lines and dots of colour. A very elegantly coloured form of Lycaste Skinneri 208 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1890. named Regina, was sent by Mr. J. Simon, gr. to E. A. Roberts, Esq., Woodland House, Greenhithe, Kent ; it has pleasing rose-coloured sepals, shaded towards the base, the petals and lip being very dark ; a pretty form of Cymbidium eburneum was also sent by this exhibitor. From A. H. Smee, Esq., Wallington (gr. Mr. Cummins) there was a well-flowered plant of Odonto- glossum ramosissimum var., with a number of flowers, white, spotted with purple-violet, the undu- late margins of the sepals and petals giving a very pretty elect ; Cattleya Triana: var. Dayana, light rose, with the median lobe of the lip brilliant intense carmine ; also Masdevallia leontoglossa, with one flower with a singular shaped lip. In colour the flower has little to attract notice, being pale yellow- green with purple-black markings. Cypripedium cardinale, Vanner's variety, was sent by Mr. W. Vanner, Camden Wood, Chislehurst. The lip was rich rose, and the sepals and petals delicately flushed with the same colour ; also Cattleya Trianrc vars., including including C. T. alba, and one with a pale fringe to the lip, and dark tips to the other segments of the flower; also a plant of Lycaste Skinnerii alba, with a number of pure white flowers. Other exhibits included a few nicely-grown ex- amples from Mr. D. Cullimore, gr. to S. Cook, Esq , apiece of Cattleya amethystoglossa being the chief object ; there was also an example of Odontoglossum Humeanum. From Mr. J. Quarterman, gr. to A. S. Smith, Esq., Silvermere, Cobham, Surrey, came a well-grown example of Cypripedium insigne, with eighty- seven flowers on it. Coelogyne cristata was sent by Mr. Waltham, Streatham Hill, Mr. 0. Thomas, Chatsworth (the Chatsworth variety), and Mr. Miller, gr. to Lord Foley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher. Fruit Committee. Present : Sir C. W. Strickland, in the chair ; and Messrs. J. Lee, P. Crowley, H. Weir, R. D. Black- more, J. Cheal, P. Barr, W. Bates, W. Denning, S. Ford, J. Wright, G. Bunyard, G. W. Cummins, J. Hudson, W. Warren, F. Q. Lane, T. J. Saltmarsh, A. W. Sutton, T. F. Rivers, and Dr. R. Hogg. Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, Crawley, sent a col- lection of about 50 dishes of Apples, all well kept specimens of popular varieties ; and from Mr. Leach, Albury Park Gardens. Guildford, was a basket of fruits of Ham Green Favourite Tomato, and some fine Coldstream Leek. At the conclusion of the sitting a vote of con- dolence with Mrs. Wildsmith, on the death of her husband (who had been for so many years an active member of the committee), was proposed by Mr. A. W. Sutton, and unanimously adopted. Awards were made as follows : — By the Floral Committee. Award of Merit. Helleborus colchicus coccineus, from Messrs. Paul & Son (14 votes to 1). Medals. Silver Banksian, to Messrs. Chai. L;e & Son, for group of hardy trees and shrubs. Bronze Banksian, to the St. G.'Orge's Nursery Co., for a group of Cyclamen. By the Orchid Committee. First class Certificates. Cypripedium Lathamianum, from Messrs. Bond, Veitch, Tautz, and Baron Schroder (unanimous). Cypripedium cardinale, Vanner's variety, from W. Vanner (6 votes to 5). Cypripedium porphyrochlamys, from F. G. Tautz, Esq. (unanimous). Cypripedium Elliottianum, from H. M. Pollett, Esq. (unanimous). Odontoglossum ramosissimum, from A. H. Smee, Esq. (unanimous). Award of Merit. Lycaste Skinneri Regina, from Mr. E. A. Roberts (10 votes to 2). Botanical Certificate. Masdevallia leontoglossa, from A. H. Smee, Esq. By the Fruit Committee. Medal. Silver Banksian, to Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, for a collection of Apples. Roses. COMPARISONS AMONG TEA ROSES. These are almost necessarily more or less in- vidious, if not worse, and as almost every Tea has its special patron who prefers it to most or all others and of course all depreciatory comparisons bring hosts of admirers to the defence. This is just as it should b?, perhaps, as it may prevent any good Roses from slipping into oblivion, because, forsooth, there are others as good or better in show boxes, Rose beds, or borders. Notwithstanding the wonderful widening of the field, and enriching of the character of Tea Roses within the last thirty years, yet the exhibitors in classes of twelve, do not find any superabundance of good blooms for their Rose battles ; and hence it is well to be conservative of flowers of capacity or of promise, though they may frequently fail in reach- ing their highest and best. Whereas for bed or border, the more the brighter, and the greater the distinctness, if not actually the better. All this is but preliminary to my defence of those Roses somewhat invidiously compared by " Wild Rose." With much of what he so truly says on pages 131 — 132, most rosarians will heartily agree ; but when he ventures to relegate Marie Van Houtte to an inferior place to Anna Olivier, then there will be a rush for him among many growers and showers of Teas. Not that I will follow his example by attempting to depreciate Anna Olivier ; it is exqui- sitely perfect, superbly beautiful — but so is Marie Van Houtte. And then just let any one take the latter as a study of colour. How wide is the range — how exquisitely soft and delicate the finish ! No, I will not place Marie Van Houtte second even in such good company. Possibly Anna Olivier is the more useful Rose to the " hack exhibitor," who is on the road night and day throughout the show season. But for perfection and beauty, abreast with them, please ; or if there is to be a preference, Marie to the front — but no, I started with deprecating invidious comparisons, and will not make them. And now I venture on weaker ground — that is, Roses — in stand- ing up for Gloire de Dijon and Homere as show blooms. Tea Roses have a wide range, extending nearly all the way from worthlessness to something nearly akin to perfection, of which these two varieties are examples. Exhibitors, not of the widest experience, have cut and shoivn cupped blooms of the Glory, that have re- mained cupped throughout long and trying show days, and have hardly lowered the beauty of such distinguished associates as Souvenir d'Elise, Innocente Pirola, or others equally perfect — not that the Glorr should be pitted against these or other Roses — as it i8 strong enough to stand alone through all the Rose garden fair, and may occasionally do so in the show-box, when a judicious selec- tion of blooms is made. And then as to Homer, the only fault " Wild Rose " has against it when perfect is its small size. Against its lack of barrel bulk I respectfully pit its perfect form (when perfect) and its unique cupful of mottled mixed blush, salmon, and rose. We have nothing ap- proaching it in character and colour in the rich field of Teas, and I have seen perfect bushes of Homer excite more enthusiasm than those of Marechal Niel and Belle Lyonnaise on either side of them. "So much the more for the enthusiasts! ' "Wild Rose" will exclaim. Will no one join me in retorting, " So much the better ! " Bosa. mist has been experienced occasionally in all districts. " The temperature has continued a little above the mean in the extreme north and north-east of Great Britain, and has just equalled it in ' Scotland, W.,' but in all other districts it has been rather below. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded in most cases either on the 2nd or 3rd, ranged from 50° to 54° over Scotland, and from 48° to 52° over Ireland and England. The lowest of the minima were registered on very irregular dates, and ranged from 23° in Ireland to between 23° and 25° in Scotland, and from 23° to 27° over England. Jn the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest reading was 33°. " The rainfall has been much less than the mean in districts. Many parts of the kingdom have been almost rainless. "Bright sunshine shows a very general and decided increase, and, taking the country as a whole, has not been so prevalent in any week since that which ended October 4th, 1889. The percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 28 in the ' Midland Counties ' to 43 in the ' Channel Islands,' 47 in 'Scotland, E.,' 48 in 'Ireland, S.,' and 50 in 'England, S.W.' In London only 8 hours were recorded, which was less than at any other station in the kingdom," [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. JU Accumulated a d § 2 - J H is lit A A 1 s 1 Is ii a -5 £ 3 "1 s it o> a < i 1 Is sua a H Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. 1 2 + 11 30 4- 44 — 55 7 — 33 8.4 31 12 2 2 + 10 38 + 48 - 75 7 - 25 4.8 47 23 3 1 + 5 26 + 48 — 80 4 — 21 2.0 34 21 4 1 — 5 3n + 50 — 62 4 — 26 2.5 35 25 5 •i — 5 38 + 5; — 61 l, — 24 3.2 28 22 6 3 — 4 31 + 73 - 83 6 — 24 3.2 32 21 7 Oav. 7 28 + 49 - 85 9 — 32 8.7 33 18 8 1 — 5 £6 + 51 — 89 7 — 31 4.9 38 19 9 4 — 6 31 + 53 - 21 10 — 29 5.8 50 21 10 1 — 9 31 + 33 — 46 7 - 32 5.2 36 24 11 3 — 11 31 + 36 — 25 8 — 31 7.0 48 27 12 3 - H 9 b: - 32 7 — :u 4 6 43 24 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following :— Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N, ; 2. Scotland, E.; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties; 6. England, S. Principal Grazing ,Vc., Districts — 7. Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, Euglant. S.W.; 1U, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending February 8th, is furnished from the Meteorlogical Official : — " The weather during this period has been finer and more settled than for many weeks past. Over the greater part of the Kingdom the conditions have been dry and the sky frequently cloudless, but at some of our south-eastern stations— and notably in London — a good deal ef cloud has prevailed, accom- panied, at times, by slight drizzling rain. Fog or Markets. COVENT GARDEN, February 13. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the quali ty of the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices nt any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] No remarks this week, with exception of Grapes, which are getting confined to few samples, and are steadily rising. Jatnes Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. Apples, f sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — Nova Scotia,brl.l2 0-25 0 Cobs, per 100 lb. ...140 0- ... Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0-50 Lemons, percase... 12 0-20 0 Pine-apples, Eng. ,1b. 10-16 — St. Michael, each 2 0-60 February 1.3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 209 Veoetables.— Average Retail Prices. Asparagus English, perliO 8 Beans, French, lb. ... 0 Beet, red, per dozen 1 Carrota, per bunch... 0 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 Celery, per bundle ... 1 Cucumbers, each ... 1 Endive, per dozen ... 2 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 Leeks, per bunch ... 0 L'ttuces per dozen... 1 Mushrooms, punnet 1 Potato? :— M ton lower. d. I. d. t. d. I. d. Mustard and Cress, 0-10 0 punnet 0 4- ... 9- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... 0-2 0 Parsley, per bunch .. 0 6- ... 6- ... \ Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... ft- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 0-16 Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... 4- ... Brussel Sprouts.pr lb. 0 3- ... 3- ... Tomatoe. per lb. ... 1 0- ... 6- ... Turnips, per bunch, 6- ... new ... .. 0 4- ... liet, inferior samples 25. Gd. to ! supplies heavier. >"o Canary a J. B. Thomas. Plants nr Pots.— average Wholesale Prices. Aralia SieboMi, doz. 6 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, variou^.each 2 Begonias, dozeu ... 4 Christmas trees, doz. 4 Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Oyperufl, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Euonymua, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 8 0-18 0 | Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 0 0-42 0 Ferns, in var., per < doten 4 0-18 0 6-10 6 Ficus elastica. each .16-70 0- 3 J Foliage plants, vari- 0-12 0 ous. each 2 n-in o 0-24 0 Hvacinths. p. doz ... 9 0-12 0 0-24 0 Lily of the Valley, p. 0-13 n doz. pots 1- (i -'1 -0 0-12 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-60 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-24 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-18 0 Roman Hyacinths, per dozen pots ... 9 0-12 0 0-18 0 ! Solarium-*, per dozen 6 0-12 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 8 0-10 0 0-24 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Abutilona, 12 bun. ... 2 Acacf* 'French) bun. 0 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 OaUaaotoiopica,12bl. 3 Camellias, white, doz. 2 — various, per doz. 1 Carnations, 12 blms. 1 Chrysaiith., 12 bun. 4 0 .. 12 Urns. 0 Ii. iflodils, doz. blooms 0 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias, 12bloomfl2 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. 4 Lilium, var., 12 hi.... 2 Lily of the Valley, 002. sprays ... 0 U Hair Fern, 12 burr 4 Mignonett«. 12 bun. 2 — French, per bun. 1 Margueritm, 12 bun. 3 . d. i.d. 0-4 0 Narciss.. paper-white, 6-10 French, doz. bun. 2 0- 1 0 9- 1 0 Roman Hyacinths 8-10 — Eng.,doz..sprayS 0 9-10 0-60! Pelargoniums, scarlet, 0-4 0 12 spr 0 9-16 0-2 0 — dozen sprays... 10-20 0-2 0 Primulas, double, 12 0-12 0 Bprays 10-16 4- 0 9 Roman Hyacinths, rt- 1 i) Ens., do/., sprays... 0 6-10 0- S 0 — (French) 1 0- 9 0 0-24 0 ! Rosea, Tea, per doz. 10-Jo — coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — French, dozen ... 1 0- 2 0 — red.perdozen ... 9 0-12 0 — Safrano, dozen... 16-26 Spirea, doz. sprays.,, 1 0 16 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 0-13 " 0-9 0 Tuberoses. 12 hims... 1 6- 2 0 ii- I " Tulips, doz. blooms... Ot-lu 6-2 0 VioleU, 12 bun ... 1 II- 2 o 0-6 0 — French, bunch ... 1 6- 2 I) Parma, bunch ... 3 6-58 Orchid-bloom in variety. SEEDS. London: Feb. 12. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that to-day's market was thinly attended, with a quiet inquiry fur farm seeds. Trefoil continues still a favoured article, and commands higher prices. Alsike is scarce and firm. In white there is not much doing. As regards Red (-lover seed the supply exceeds the demand. Rye grasses are cheap and neglected. As Koonigsberg Spring Tares are this season both dear and had, English Winter Vetches are taking their place. Some line new Scarlet Runner Beans are now offering on moderate terms. Low prices still prevail fur Birdseeds. Blue Peas and Haricot Beans are in meagre demand. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quart r), for the week ending February 8: — Wheat. 29». '.»/. ; Barley, .31s. 10d.; Oats, 18s. Id. For the corre- sponding period in 1SK!) :— Wheat, 20s. ~d.; Barley, 26s. id. ; Oats, 10s. Id. FBTJITS AND VEGETABLES. Spita i.fields : Feb. 12. — The supplies more than exceed the demand, trade being very heavy. Large quantities of Potatos at market and prices low, ex- cept for very best samples. Prices: — Turnip-tops, It. to Is. (id. iiersack ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; do. Gd. to Od. per sieve ; Spinach, Qd. to Is. lid. per bushel ; Savoys, 2s. to 3s. per tally ; Cabbages, Is. to 2s. do. ; Cauliflowers, 3s. to 5s. do. ; Curley Kale, Od. to Od. per bushel j Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet; Beetroots, 3d. to Gd. per dozen ; Parsnips, id. to Gd. per score ; Greens, 9d. to Is. 3d. per dozen bunches; Turnips, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do.; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Parsley, 2s. to 3s. do.; Horse- adish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle ; Celery, is. to 9s. per dozen bundles ; forced Rhubarb, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Spanish Onions, 8s. to 10s. per case ; Bordeaux do., 6s. Gd. to 7s. do. ; English do., 8s. to 9s. per cwt. ; Belgian and Dutch do., 6s. to 7s. Gd. per bag of 110 lb.; Mustard and Cress, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Cabbage Lettuce, Is. 6ri. to 2s. Gd. per dozen ; Endive, Is. Gd. to 2s. do ; Carrots, 17s. to 26s. per ton; English Apples, 5s. to 7s. per bushel ; American do., 17s. Gd. to 24s. per barrel. Stratford: Feb. 11. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : — Savoys, 3s. to 6s. per tally; Caul- flowers (Guernsey), 2s. to 3s. per barrel ; do., (Cor- nish), os. to 8s. per crate ; Turnips, 2.3s. to 35s. per ton; Carrots (household). 30s. to 40s. do.; do. (cattle feeding), 20s. to 25s. do. ; Mangels, 14s. to 18s. do. ; Swedes, 14s. to 18s. do; Onions, English, 120s. to 130s. do. ; do., Dutch, 6s. to 7s. per bag ; do., German, 8s. Gd. to 9s. do. ; Apples, American, 16s. to 24s. per barrel ; Watercress, Gd. per dozen ; Celery, 7s. to 12s. per dozen bundles ; Rhubarb, Is. 9d. to 2s. do. ; do., English, 3s. Gd. to 4s. do. ; Cress (hot and cold), 7^. per dozen baskets; Mushrooms, 10». do. ; Kale, 15s to 18s. do. ; Sprouts, Is. to Is. Gd. per half-sieve ; Radishes, 9(2. to Is. per dozen bunches. POTATO*. Borough a»id Spitalfields : Feb. 11. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 90s. ; Magnums, black land, 40s. to 50s. ; Bedfords, 40*. to 55s. ; Lincolns, 45s. to 65s.; Yorks, 50s. to 70s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 95». ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: Feb. 12 — Quotations: — Early Hose 40s. to 50s. ; Regents. 50s. to 65s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 60s.; Imperators. 50s. to 7"s.; Champions, 50s. to 1 Magnums, lO.s. to 60s. per ton. Stratford: Feb. 11.— Quotations:— Scotch ufag- nums, 60s. to 80« ; do. Regents, 55s. to 70s.; light English Magnums, 50s. to 65s. ; dark, do., 40s. to 45s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week :— Clover, special i 1K87), 120s. ; prime, ', Ms. tu 98», ; do., inferior, 46s. to 76*. Rest hay, 60s. to 90s.; do., special (1887), 100s.; do., interior, 26s. to 50s. Straw, 2Hs. to 40s. per load. ©iHtuarg. Mr. J. M. M'lNTOSH. — There passed away on February 4, at Victoria Terrace, Dumfries, after a lingering illness, Mr. M'lntosh, who had attained the great age of ninety years. Mr. M'lntosh be- longed to a family distinguished in horticulture, und for a period of twenty-nine years he filled with great ability the position of head gardener at Drumlanrig Castle. Twenty-two years ago he was obliged by failing health to retire; and the long evening of his days has been passed in peaceful retirement in the neighbourhood of Dumfries. Ilis father was gardener to Mr. Murray of Abercairney, near Crieff'. While the deceased was in the service of the Duke of Buccleuch in Dumfries, his brother Charles (who was the author of The Book of the Garden, published in 1853 and 1855, and other horticultural works) occupied a similar position in his Grace's employ- ment at Dalkeith Palace; and it is a curious co- incidence that on their retirement they were succeedeil by two brothers— Mr. William Thomson, now of Clovenfords, going to Dalkeith, and Mr. David Thomson to Drumlanrig. The late Mr. M'lntosh led a very retired life, but enjoyed the warm attach- ment of a circle of personal friends. Mr. MlCKLEWRlQHT.— We regret having to record the death, after a very short illness, of Mr. Micklewright, who for the past three years had been gardener to Andrew Pears, Esq., of Spring Grove House, Isleworth, once the residence of Sir Joseph 1 anks. Mr. Micklewright was seized with an attack of influenza on the 2nd inst., and ex- pired on the morning of the 6th, at the com- paratively early age of 44 years. He leaves a widow and three boys, the youngest of whom is seven years of age. Of Scotch extraction, Mr. Micklewright served in some gardens south, notably Stoke Park, Slough, and Shrubland Park, under Blair ; he then was head gardener at Greystoke Castle, Cumberland for eleven years. Coming south again, he was with Mr. W. Brown of St. Mary's nursery, Richmond, for a time ; being also a member of the Horticultural Society's committee. From thence he came to Spring Grove, to undertake the charge of a place which Mr. Pears with exceeding liberality purposed reconstructing, and at the time of his death, much of the work, especially so as relates to the houses, kitchen and fruit gardens, had been accomplished, though much remains to be done. The deceased was also a member of the com- mittee of the Hounslow Horticultural Society. He was a very estimable man, widely respected, and en- joying the entire confidence of his employer. A large number of gardeners and others attended his burial, which took place in the Hestou churchyard ou Monday last. Enquiries. " He that tjuettioneth much shall learn intich." — BACON. Fuchsias. — Count Solms v. Laubach, Professor of Botany in the University of Strasburg, is desirous of obtaining cuttings of Fuchsia Standishii, F. Torrey- ana. F. exonieusis, F. Geant de Versailles, F. Attrac- tion, F. Colossus, F. President, F. Dominyana, F. Prince Jerome, F. pendulina, F. excorticata, F. corallina. F. macropetala, F. apetala, F. Quindi- nensis, F. cinnabarina, F. radicans, F. Venus victrix, F. discolor, F. cylindracea. Amateurs are requested to communicate with the Count as above. Notices to Correspondents. Cut respondents sending plants or fruits to be named, <>r asking guestions demanding time and research fir their solution, must not e.ep'ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimen's should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than sir shuulil be sent at one time. Caixitris. Ii. M. Many thanks, the plant is really Australian, but has been conveyed to the Hima- layas. Currant Bud Disease. T. D. Smith. Due to the attacks of a mite, see Gardeners' Chronicle, February 1th, 1888. Burn the affected shoots. Diseased Silver Fib. G. II. The disease is the consequence of the attack of a fungus called .Kciilium elatinum. As the growth of the fungus is internal, we fear there is no remedy beyond destroying by fire all the affected branches, and this would hardly be practicable. Guape Vines and Vegetables fob Florida: .1". There is no book that we know of whicii gives just the information you require. Get Select Plants for Extra Tropical Countries, by liaroii F'erd. von Mueller, published at Calcutta, Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. Hi man nius Kaliikeyeri : J. E, When at rest a cool dry house, or a shelf on the wall of a vinery from whicii frost is kept out, will suit this or any other Hajmanthus; no water is then required. When started to grow in April, or earlier, the warmth of an intermediate-house, and later that of a stove, will be best. Grow it in well-drained sandy loam, made very firm. Deep pans are better than pots. Keep half the bulb above the surface, and repot every third year. Names of Plants : T. Price, Stonehouse, Gloucester. 1, Viola lutea ; 2, Antennaria dioica; 3, Ceras- tium arvense ; 4, Sedum acre, var. : 5, Veronica repens. — Jane Eyre. Helleborus colchtcus coc- cineus. — Constant Reader. 1, Correa hybrida ; 2, C. bicolor; 3, Abutilon Sellowiana marmora- tum. — L. L. Lonicera Standishii. — V. W. 1, Mentha species, send in flower a better specimen ; 2, Eugenia species, send in flower or fruit ; 3, Nerium Oleander ; 4, Jasmine, probably, send in bloom ; 5, Euonymus japonica aurea variegata ; 210 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febbuaby 15, 1890. 6, Aralia Sieboldi.— N. M. St. Breladet. We have done our best to name your specimens, but with very little success, as the leaves of many species are very similar and vary greatly, flowers and fruits are required for their correct identification ; 1, Eucalyptus; Stuartiana? 2, E. Globulus; 3 & 4, E. amygdalina? 5, Juniperus taxifolia (com- monly called oblonga pendula) ; 6, Juni- perus rigida ; 7, Cupressus torulosa. — W. Hopkins. 1, Sequoia sempervirens ; 2, Thuya orientalis var. Sieboldi ; 3, Cupressus ; 4, Juni- perus taxifolia, commonly called oblonga pendula ; 5, Cupressus, perhaps torulosa ; 0, Thuya Wareana ; 7, Juniperus ; the wretched scraps you send only enable us to guess at the names. — J. W. 1. Retinos- pora pisifera aurea ; 2, The Atlas Cedar so far as we can tell ; 3, A variety of the Douglas Fir ; 6, Picea orientalis. — J. S. 1, Picea nigra (probably) ; 2, Pinus Strobus ; 3, A variety of the Douglas Fir, probably the form known as Stairii ; 4, Cedrus, probably atlantica ; 5, The Golden Scotch Fir — we never saw it so finely coloured ; G, A variety of the Douglas Fir. W. L. Eriostemon myorporoides. — Camjcc. Spir- anthes colorans ( = Stenorhynchus speciosus). — Hortus. The Heath-like plant is Diosma ericoides alba ; the other, Sparmannia africana. — W. J. B., St. Aubyns. 1, Acacia longifolia ; 2, A. dealbata; 3, A. cyanophylla ; 4, A. affinis ; 5, A. juniperoides ; 6, Thuyopsis dolabrata ; 7, Retinospora plumosa. — Foreman. 1, Dalechampia Roezliana, var. rosea ; 2, Eriostemon pulchellus ; 3, Goldfussia isophylla ; 4, Acacia cyanophylla ; 5, A. affinis ; 6, A. dealbata. Names of Fbuit : T. D. S. Cats-head, probably. Ochka : Subscriber. A plant like an Hibiscus, but annual. The pods are used in the tropics as a pickle, and for the sake of their mucilage. Sow in heat, and treat as as a stove annual Obihid Peat : Wood & Sons. — The peat sent, seemed to be everything which an Orchid cultivator could wish for — light, scentless, full of vegetable remains. And with scarcely any soil. Plants of Palestine. H. J. C. The plants of Pales- tine are all included in Boissier's Flora Orientalis, five volumes. A list is also given in Canon Tristram's work on Palestine. Veitch's manual of Conifers ; plants next week. Tomatos or other Plants, and Syringing : H. G. W. Heat and excess of moisture in the air tend to a large development of foliage, and if accompanied with want of ventilation, blanching of the same will occur, and other undesirable features, as leaf warts and air roots. Tomatos grow and fruit better when kept on the side of drvness at the roots and of the air. Communications Rkceived.— R. A. R.— W. H. B.— W. B. H- — N. E. B.— A. B.— J. V.— J. S.— Somerset.— H. D.— G. H.— G. D.— La Grippe, write to someone at the place. — R. C. — J. W._ W. H. S.— F. R„ next week.— W. K. -J. D.— W. E. — \V. C— P. N.— Count S.. Strasburgh.— J. A.— W. E. G.— E. B.— F. M.— W. B. H.-J. W.— Prof. Goebel, Marburg.— H. C, Geneva, one article will appear, the other is missing. —Prof. Riley, Washington, many thanks.— T. H. S., Oodey- pore.— F. G., Baroda.— D. T. F.— J. D.— G. P.— D. D.— t. w. a. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Abtiidb Robinson, 8, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C. — Garden and Farm Seeds. James Yates, 29, Little Underbank, Stockport — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. J. Barnes, Great Eastern Seed Stores, Exchange Street, Norwich. William Shand, New Street, Lancaster— Garden Seeds, &c. G. Stevens, St. John's Nursery, Upper Richmond Road, Putney, S.W. — Chrysanthemums. Thomas Sibuold, Market Tlace, Bishop Auckland- Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Edmondson Brothers, 10, Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. T. T.Green, Duke Street, Settle, Yorkshire. — Vege- table and Flower Seeds, &c. Trade Notice At Antwerp a new General Horticultural Agency has recently been established by Messrs. D. Herdt & Strieker, with M. Jean Degreave, a gentleman of great experience, as manager. The most AVoxdkrful Cropping Potato in the World. Price 2s. 6d. per peck, Ss. per bush., 21*. per sack. Much cheaper by the ton. From Hundreds of Unsolicited Testimonials received we select the following : — From Mr. H. HAMMERTOE, Woodchurch. August 12. 11 1 have had the honour of winning the Silver Cup offered at our Show for the best collection of Potatos. I staged 123 varieties, 68 of which I had direct from you. I grew 147 varieties, and the best cropper by far was The Daniels." Quantity Planted. 14 lb. Quantity Raised. 728 lb. From the " Kettering Guardian." September 14. " Remarkable Potato Yields.— Mr. G. Johnson, o. Wad- croft, has a crop of Potatos remarkable both for size and quantity. He purchased 14 lb. of The Daniel seed from Messrs. Daniels Bros., Seed Growers, Norwich ; and the 14 lb. of seed realised no less than 728 lb." Be'ore ordering, send for Daniels' New Potato Catalogue, containing Coloured and other Illustrations, and much valuable information. Gratis and post free to all. DANIELS BROS., Exchange Street, GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by CtaubVs special process), sacks, ls.4d. each; 10siicks.12s.6d.; 15saeks. lls.Sd., 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 saeks, 35s. ; 50 sack*, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6 ; 40 by 13, £40, Estimates tree. HAWKINS. Aahiord, Middlesex. CI ARDEN POTS.— Ours are nnsurpassed lu- ll any in the Trade well burnl yel porous. "The best for growing plants in that [lis used." Mi. Whai.i.i , , Head Qardener to the Ar. hbishopol Canterbury. Orchid Pots, Seakaleand Rhubarl. l',.t , >.-.-.i r fa. Send for Price List. Ill' IS. PASCALL ami SONS. South Norwood Pottery. S.E. Saliipl.-., earring.- frr.-; ..reap. I i. it Mr. SMYTH'S, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drui | 1- ine, \\ .C. LI G N O L I N E. — littst preservative of wood against adverse influence of climate, dampness of soil, &c. Arrests decay, absolutely destroys all fungi-growths, and forms a permanent external protection. It leaves a brownish colour upon whnh any other colour can be Laid, Price in casks. 22s. 6d. per cwt.: sample tins, 25. 3d. per gallon, delivered in Manchester and London. EDWARD SCHERY. 134, D.-ausgate, Manchester. S~~IX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2*. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for If . 44. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO.. 2(1, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. Greenhouse Fires. Stoves, &c. SMALL COKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. J. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Dofflo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actions of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, arid Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, », Osman & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Ferpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words " Frigi Domo " as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington cv Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of abov end 300 feet super. English Glass, cut to buye of 100 f.-i rs' sizes, nt lowest prices, delivered ntry, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMIL.OE & SONS, Lkad, Glass, Oil. and Colouii Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and PliOBS on application. Please quote Chronicle. COVERED WAY ESPALIERS. MAKER of COVERED WAY and OTHER ESPALIERS. Wall Wiring for Fruit Trees. VINE and PEACH TREE TRELLISES. Con-en Horn tn t.-d up with Trellis. FlowerStands, Baskets. &c. Maker ol the WADDESDON PLANT TRUCK— one of the most useful articles in a Garden. Strained Wire Fencing. Rabbit-proof Wire Fencing. GALVANISED WIRE NETTING. AVIARIES and PHEASANTRIES Plain or Ornamentally constructed. Plans and Intimites submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. 212 THE G A li I) ENE B S ' CHE ONICL E. [Febbuary 15, 1890. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, REAR DUDLEY, AMD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. sa is ^ __i^ffl 52 ^ IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. ^I-SSfe^S^^^ "^ !ig I Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Hoofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. BOULTON & PAUL, ja33a g-*; MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH.^ WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES, &c, ft feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Po*ts, with Raidisseurs. 12s. id. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES, 4 feet high, four lines of wire, id, per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs, ss. id. each. CONTINUOUS WROUUHT-IUON ESPALIER, ,„?,™,^Kh' "°M "T""Kht >«rs, | inch diameter, 4s. per yard. CO\ ERED WAY ESPALIER. 8 feet high. 5 feet span, 9s. Irl. per yard wall fittings, Raidisseurs, one for each wire, Ms. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, nrf. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks. 3 feet high, Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high, Is. M. each: 6 feet high, 3s. id. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES Japanned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3d. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high, 4s. id. per dozen; 4 .feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3a. per do/en. STRAWBERRY GUARDS, to! "A^l^r1''' h,',6 f"Pt lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends. 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS. 5s. per dozen GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span, 8s. id. each. -. .. damage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON cTPAUl, NORWICH. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S patent! RENTHAM BOILER Makers of HOT-WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, and APPARATUS erected complete by HOT- WATER, HOT-AIR, &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE, STAFF. T//OS. W. &OB/A/SOM C H EAP FRAM E S, ^ks^fnr&jf1^ JAS. BOYD & SONS, HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for warming Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. CHARLES FRAZER'S EXECUTORS, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 55.— Span-roof Garden Frame. The illustration shows a Frame 8 feet by 6 feet. Made of good redwood deal, sides and ends lj inch thick, painted three coats of oil colour; lights 2 inches thick, glazed with 21-oz. sheet glass. Height of sides, 14 inches. Height at ridge, 32 inches. The lights are hinged and fitted with " Registered " Set-opes, which safely support them for ventilation, &c, and the hinges are so formed that the light s can be turned quite over, or taken off at pleasure. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 feet by 6 feet .. 2 „ „ 8 feet by 6 feet .. 3 „ ,, 12 feet by 6 feet .. 4 „ „ 16 feet by 6 feet .. 5 „ „ 20 feet by 6 feet .. 6 „ ,, 24 feet by 6 feet ... Carriage Paid to all Goods Stations in England and Wales, also to Edinburgh. Glasgow, Dublin and Belfast, and equal Stations. New Illustrated Catalogue of Conservatories. Greenhouses, Garden Frames, Poultry Houses, Dog Kennels, &c., post-free for six stamps. Cash Prices, \ £i. XJ CARRIAGE and PACKING FREE. 5 17 6 7 7 6 8 17 6 10 7 6 PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the 'most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted: — £ *. d. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide ( \ 2 0 0 6 feet „ 4 feet „ Packing 2 10 0 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 1 Cases ^476 6 feet „ 5 feet „ FREE. 3 10 0 12 feet „ 5 feet ,. { J 5 17 6 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway Road. N. ^.CO-ALA The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. TTENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE X SMOKELESS COAL.— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to any railway station. This coal is ABSOLUTELY smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of fuel, burning for twelve hours at least without any supervision, ana giving from five to ten degrees more heat th;in coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices., 23. Lime Street, London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and South-Western districts, from Messrs. G. R. CARTER and SON, Coal Exchange, E.C; and for the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL & CO.. Coal Merchants, Greenwich. S.E. STEEL FENCING WIRE of all kinds. Barb Wire. Hay Bands, Wire Netting and Fencing Materials. Wood's Patent Wire Mattresses. Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. A R D E N REQUISITE S.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work. Manures, Sec. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. OUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office :—64, Cornhill. London. E.C. WILLIAM .T. VIAN, Secretary. February 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. 213 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising*. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0 3 6 0 4 0 0 4 6 0 5 0 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 7 0 0 7 6 0 8 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 8 6 9 0 0 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 6 AXD SIXPENCE F< If set across two Colua If set i VERY ADDITIONAL LINE, the lowest charge will be '. the lowest charge will 1 Page. £3; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £1 Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address. Is. 6, and a quantity of Hot-water PIPES, with Terminal Saddle BOILER, to be Sold to clear the ground. 214. Adelaide Road, N.W. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. It. West, for the last six years Foreman in the Gardens, Preston Hall, Aylesford, has been engaged as Head Gardener to .1. I'.ayi.f.y Wiute, Esq., M.P., at Jennings Park, Ilunton, Maidstone. Mr. M. II.iimvEix has been appointed as Gardener to Colonel Silvester, North Hall, Wigan. Mr. II. Ireland has been engaged as Head Gardener to Viscount PoitT.MAN, Wentworth Lodge, Bournemouth. Mr. William Sorlby, from the nurseries of Mr. John Downtb, and until recently Gardener to Captain HoPGOOD, Craigielanda, Dumfriesshire, has been appointed Head Gardener to Baron Schroder, the Rookery, Nantwich, Cheshire. WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER, expe- rienced and -teady. Wife to Manage Dairy. No family.— Apply, stating wages mi I references, to S. T. MANDER. Wightwick Manor, near Wolverhampton. WANT ED l.MMEHl \IT.1.,, a GAR- DENER, ta make himself generally u-eful ; total abstainer preferred. Apply '..--fore 11 a.m. — Hereford Rouse, South End Green, Hamp-tead. ANTED AT ONCE, a young Man as UNDER GARDENER, well up in stoveand Greenhouse Plants, Vines. Peaches, Jtc.— T. PARKER, The Gardens, Moreton Court, near Hereford. ANTED, tor the Midlands, a good UNDER G LBDENKB Musi a ex] em ed under Glass, and i Chrysanthemum Grower.— T., Gardeners' Chro- ' ■■. II, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. UNDER GARDENER WANTED, must be active and willing t., make himself useful about the house.— Address, stating full particulars by letter, ta V, HOWARDS ITn, ling Olli ■,., Syd.-iih ml. S E. WAN ll.li. a KOSKGKoN i;i; ,,, a ['rivate establish nt, thoroughly understanding the Culture s, ,„| ,. ,,, Br8 as to experience, Jtc., to a. LANE lkd SON, las Nurseries, II. rkhain.t.d. Herts. WANTED, ill .March, a thoroughly experi- enced M IN, oi long ch n i t< r, w ho has been in a first- class place, and ost -• and culture of Grapes, Peaches, Flowers, .v One man under him pirt time, A tarnished cottage provided. State age, family, wages re- quired, and all particular- to K. G., Adelaide Lodge. Keymer, Sussex. WANTED, several active young MEN, with a knowledge of Cucumber Growing, and willing to make themselves c rally useful. Wages, ISs.— Apply, stating experience and age, toGUIVERBROS anhI.AWSON, liuraiit'- Nursery, Ponder- En. I. Middlesex. WANTED, a strung, active, and willing LAD. for the Grips and Tomato House*, \ State age. where last smpl I, and wages expected.- WILLIAM HAZELL. F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Fruit Grower, West Worthing. ANTED, an active ASSISTANT, in Orchid Houses, sboul 18. Must be well recommended. State wages and experience.- The Gardens, Bushey Down, Tooting, S.W. WANTED, good JOBBING SANDS, well up with scvtli •. W SUABLE, Villa Nursery. Rochester Square, Camden Town. N.W. ANTED AT ONCE, strong active young MAN, in Nursery fur lien,. ral Work. Wages. 16,.— S. DIXON AM> CO., Nurseries, Anion Street. Aniliur-t Road, Hackney, E. ANTED, an experienced MANAGING SHOPMAN (married), to take charge of a Retail Seed Business, y.ovil, with knowledge of Wreaths and Bouquet Making.— state f„ll particulars, JOHN SCOTT, The Royal Nurseries, Merriott, Somerset. WANTED, a CLERK, for Nursery and Seed Business. — Apply, stating experience, age, and salary required, to I'ARKEI; ami SONS, llnstol. Seed and C rn. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a Pushing COUNTEBMAN. State age. wages, experience, and references.— HY. PODGES, Weston super-Mar.-. WANTED, AT ONCE, a COWMAN, at a Gentleman's Place, near London ; to live in bothy. Good character.— T. J. EDWARDS, Esq.. Toksowa House, Duhvich Common, London, S.E. WANTED, a young LADY, to take Sole Management of a Branch Shop, Florist's, on a railway station. Security will be required. — Apply to A. BRAY, Florist, Richmond, Surrey. WANT PLACES. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beuond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting o give their Noma and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. T> S. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate -L-»« that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men. competent either to rill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAJXIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made.— Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. T~\ I C lv S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, -L-* (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughlu practical nt their business. All particulars on application, relegrapln. and I'o-tal Wire- ■ 1H| 'ksi >\s. CHESTER." TTEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time -*--*- I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and tirst-class character. — THUS. BUTCHER Bee i Men bant, Croydon. T> I C II A R D SMITH 1^1 Co7 IV beg to announce that thev are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners -eking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence wi.li Landed Proprietor-. Agents, and others requiring the services of GARDENERS, FORRESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability such as they would be glad to r R I of tl OBERT BULLEN, Curator, Royal Botanio Gardens, Glasgow, can thoroughly recommend TWO • Head Gardeners, to Manage Large Gardens. very successful in the Culture of Orchids. I has be OARDENER (Head), or WORKING \J MANAGER in Large .Market place. -Thoroughly up in Giowmg Large i; iin.s of Tuniatos, Grapes, Cucumbers, Stc, Cut Flowers, Wreaths, Bouquets, Landscaping .,,• SUPERINTENDENT, Victoria Park, Hi swortti, Birmingham. GAKDENER (Head).— Age 39, married, no family; twenty three years' practical experience in all its bran, lies. Good references. — 11. M., Alma Cottages, Bassett, near Southampton. ARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 29; seeks engagement with Lady or Gentleman requiring thoroughly competent and trustworthy man. SCIIdl.EY, Broome Hall, Dorking. GJARDKNER (Head).— Age 38, married; is T at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches. Eight year-' personal character.— G. I. . Gardener, Duffryn Neath. GARDENER (Head), one or two under. — Married, two children; well up in all branches. Fourteen years in last place. -W. PEARCE, Manor House. Waliii.itn st. Lawrence, rwyford, B.-rks. GARDENER (Head). Iligh-elass experience and recommendations, £ i pud to Agent procuring same t.> Advertiser, — H. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Olliee, 41, Wellington Street, Strand.W.C. GARDENER (Head); married, one child. — J, lii.ACKtunNi.:, Elmstead Grange, Chislehurst, can with conti.len. e recommend bis Foreman, II. Penfold, as ubove. Thoroughly experienced man.— Address as above. G. ARDENER (Head). — Age 30, married r (Scotch); nineteen years' experience in Early Forcing of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, Pleasure and Kitchen Garden. Five and a half years* excellent character as Head. — W. B., 28, Hunt Street, Brack Road, Liverpool. GARDENER (Head).— Age 42, married, two in family ; Scotch. Twenty-four years' experience in Early Forcing of Fruit, Flowers ami Vegetables, Pleasure and Kitchen Garden ; fifteen years' excellent character.— A. M.. fit, York Road, Darnall, Yorka. GARDENER (Head); age 30, Scotchman.— A. McLeod, Gardener to the Marchioness of Headfort, Headfort Gardens, Kells, co. Meath. Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. 214 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Feebuary 15, 1890. GARDENER (Head).- Age 39, married, no family; twenty-three years' experience in all branches of the profession. Eight years' good character.-C. u., 3, Sladesbroolt Terrace. Bradford-on-Avon. GARDENER (Head). — Age 29 single ; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Peaches. Cucumbers, Melon, Stove and Greenhouse Plant., Chrysanthemums, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Highly recommended.- C. DAVIS, Beckett, Shrivenham. . n ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, \JC The Gardens. Milton Park. Peterborough can very highly recommend .Tames Upex, who has been with him seven years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good and reliable man. GARDENER (Head), in a Nobleman's or Gentleman's Establishment.-Wanted. by a thoroughly practical and energetic young man. a situation as awe. Five and a half years in last situation.— B., Post Office, Alderley Edge, Cheshire. GARDENER (Head) ; Age 36.— H. Mark- ham for six years Gardener to the late Viscount, l'ul- mouth. Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, is open to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a first-rate all-round Gardener; good manager of men. and thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establish! GARDENER (Head). — Married, without family ; five years and nine months in present situation. Thoroughly practical. Twenty years' experience in the Cultivation ol all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables in good places. Could also Superintend Fencing, and other Estate Work. -HE AD GARDENER, Glaisnock, Old Cumnock, Ayrshire. GARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.— Mr. WARD. Hewell Gardens. Bromsgrove, can highly recom- mend to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly experienced man as above. He has had lung and varied experience in some of the Largest. Gardening ; Est:. , c-h- ments in the kingdom. Address as above. - BENJAMIN GWYNNE, The Gardens, St. Catherines, Worcester. (^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married, one T child.— W. Howard, Esq., The Grove, Teddington, would be pleased to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener in all branches. Highest, references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred.— G. A. B„ 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C, GARDENER (Head); age 28, married, no children— H. W. JONES wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any Ladyor Gentleman. Understands Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Tomatos, Chrysanthemums. Peaches, Stove and Greenhouses, Flower and Kitchen Garden. I wo years' excellent character. 14 years' experience in Gentleman s large establishment.— HEAD GARDENER, Bleaupant, Malpas, near Newport, Mon. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two are kept.— Married, no family ; thoroughly good all round man,— E. SEYMOUR, The Gardens, Mount Mascal, Heme Hill, S.E. . GARDENER (Head Working).— A Lady recommends her late Head Gardener, Seventeen years' experience in all branches. Thoroughly trustworthy. Ab- stainer.—H., 2, Harcourt Street, Marylebone Road, London. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married, two children; sixteen years' practical ex- perience in all branches of Gardening.— W. B., The Nursery, Crooms Hill, Greenwich. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 35, married.— Mr. WiNGFIELD recommendsa manasabove, understands Glass. Excellent Fruit Grower.— M. W., Ampt- hill House, Ampthill. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 31, single; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches. Good references. — GARDENER, 7, Egerton Cottages, Wallingford, Berks. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, two children ; fifteen years' practical experi- ence in all branches of the profession. Excellent testimonials. G. WIGGENS, The Gardens, Finchers House, Amersham. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Thoroughly experienced in all branches, Land and Stock. Wife no objection to Poultry and Dairy. Five years' personal reference.— G., Jubilee Cottage, Much Hadham, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept.— Age 28 ; thoroughly experienced in Fruits, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Chrysanthemums. Flower and Kitchen. Well recommended.— E. ASHWELL, Bell Bar, near Hatfield, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 37, unmarried ; thoroughly expe- rienced in all branches of Gardening. First-class references as to character and abilities.— J. B., Grove Cottage, London Road, Balderton, Newark. r^ ARDENER (Head Working), where two VJT or three are kept.— Age 34, married, one child (age 9) ; Well up in all branches of Gardening. Good references. At liberty.— THOS. MILLER, Liley Clough, Liley Lane, Hopton, Mirfield. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, so. First-class references from past and present employers. Abstainer— F. LANE, Wray Park Gardens, Reigate, Surrey^ ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— £5 will be given to anyone assisting advertiser to procure a situation as above. Excellent re- ferences.—GARDENER, Rose and Crown Coffee Palace, Knightsbridge, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, one child ; practical experience in Early Forcing of Fruit, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Kitchen and Flower Gardening. Can be highly recommended.— W. A., Queens- borough, Braintree, Essex. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Over thirteen years' practical expe- rience in all branches. Three years as Foreman in present situation. Highly recommended by present and all previous employers.— G. HARNETT, The Gardens, Englemere, Ascot, ARDENER (Head Working). Age 40; married, one daughter (age 16).— G. FARMER, fifteen years Head Gardener at Heuleaze Park, near Bristol, thoroughly experienced in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, and every branch of Gardening— 218, Gloucester Road, Bishopston, Bristol. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married ; has a thorough know ledge of Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and the general routine of a Large Garden. Six years' excellent testimonial from present employer as Head. — GARDENER, Purbeck House, Swanage. ' GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; thirteen years' experience in good places, eight years in present as Head. First, lass testimonials from present and previous employers.— J. WATSON, Benacre Hall, Wrentham, Suffolk. r> ARDENER (Head), or good Single- VjT HASPED.— Age 30, married; thoroughly experienced in all branches, including Orchids. Three and a half years as Head in present place. Can be well recommended.— B. HUGHES, Slingsby, York. GARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed).— Age 40, married ; Advertiser begs to offer his services to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough good all-round man. Meadow Land and Stock if required. Excellent references.— JAMES WILLIAMS, Netherseal, near Ashby-de-la-Zouch. GARDENER (Head), where one or more are kept, or Second in Large Establishment.— Married, one child; thirteen years' experience. — E. TURNER, 21, Bruce Road, llaruet, N. GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The LIVERPOOL HORTICl'LTURil. Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where another is kept, or good Single-handed.— Age 28, married, no family ; good general experience. Can Milk. Leaving through Gen- tleman giving up.- LOVEGROVE, S, Queen's Road, Chislehurst, Kent. GARDENER, where one or two are kept.— Age 23 ; nine years' good character. Three in present situation. Total abstainer.— S. FENNELL, The Gardens, Somerhill, Tunbridge, Kent. GARDENER.— Age 27, single; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, and all kinds of Vegetables. Good character.— A. W. MEECH, The Lawn, Shirehampton, Bristol. O ARDENER.— Age 30, married ; understands VX Kitchen, Fruit Gardens, Vines. Cucumber. Melons, &c. Five years' character; abstainer.— Apply by letter, F. P., 17 Eloit Place. Blackheath. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 32, married, two children; nine years' good character. Please state wages.— H. M., 19, McNeil Road, Vestry Road, Camberwell. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 29, married when suited; twelve years' experience. Two years' good character from present employer.— J. LUFF. Elmore, Chipstead, Surrey. ri ARDENER (Second). — Age 23 ; expe- VJT rienced Inside and Out. Four years in last situation.— EDWARD. Effingham Nursery, Lee Green, S.E. GARDENER (Second), where four are kept. — 10 years' experience, three and a half years' character from last situation.— J. DUBBIN, 10, Hartrup Street, Tonbridge Road, Maidstone. GARDENER (Second). — Age 23, single ; seven years' experience Inside and Out. One year in last, three in previous situation. Good references.— F. F., Moon's Farm, Colchester Road, Halstead, Essex. ARDENER (Second); age 20.— Wanted", by a respectable young man, situation in the Houses as Second." Six years' good reference.— F. SALCOMBE, Vineyard Cottage, Ticehurst, Sussex. GARDENER (Second), Inside and Out.— Age 22; two years' good character from present place.— H. C, 11, Gumley Gardens, St. John's Road, Isleworth, Middlesex, GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN in a good Establishment.— Age 22 ; good character from present and previous employers.— F. WRIGHT, Post-office, Shooter's Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Second), or good JOURNEY- MAN. — Age 22; good experience in general routine of Gardening. Excellent character.— A. T. POFFLEY, Worcester Park, Surrey. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20 ; strong and willing. Three years' good character. Experienced Inside and Out.— G. BRETT, 29, Spa Hill, Upper Norwood. ARDENER (Under). — Age 23 ; eight years' experience Inside and Out. Good character. — JOHN HOLMES, The Gardens, Leeswood Hall, Mold, Flint. ARDENER (Undeb). — Twelve months' good character,— F. B., Newton House, Beckenham Lane, Shortlands, Kent. ARDENER (Under).— Age 22; four and a half years' good character.— J. T., 17, Pope Road, Bromley Common, Kent. ARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Good character.— LEONARD, The Gardens, Wentworth Castle, Barnsley, Yorks. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Establishment. — Age 22 ; respectable. Four and a half years' good character. LeaviDg through death. — R., 9a, Charlwood Road, Putney. GARDENER (Under), where one or two are kept. — Age 20 ; highly recommended from late employer. —A. G., Alice Cottage, Fairfield Road, Ponder's Eud, Middlesex. ARDENER (Under).— Age 28, married, one child (aged 4) ; good experience in all branches. Well recommended. Two years in present situation, four years previous.— C ROFFEY, 23, ThraleRoad, Streatham.S.W. GARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18 ; Scotch. Unexperienced, but willing to learn — W. M. C, 49, Addison Road, North, Notting Hill, London, W. ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER— Age 21 ; nearly three years in Gentlemen's Gardens. Good character.— F. PETTICAN, Mr. Rixon, The Gardens, Westwood, near Colchester. To Nurserymen and Florists. MANAGER, FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR. —12 years' practical experience in Germany, Belgium, England and Scotland. Thoroughly experienced in Growing Orchids, Draeamas, Crotons. Palms, Ferns, Ficus, Aspidistras, and general Flowering Stuff in Quantity. Floral Designs of any description. First-class testimonials.— TERMINALIS, Gardener? Chronicle Office, 41,Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN. — Age 24 ; nine years' experience. Good knowledge of Fruit, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, &c— A. B., 11, Church Street, Widcombe Hill, Batb. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment; age 25. — Mr. J. P. LEADBETTER, The Gardens, Tranby Croft, Hull, desires a situation for Samuel Crofts. Address as above. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in good Estab- lishment. — Age 26 ; eleven years' experience. Well recommended.- State particulars to F. BLUNT, 3, Albert Cottages, Edward Road, New Barnet, Herts. FOREMAN, Inside. — Age 27 ; fourteen years' experience in good situations. Well up in all branches. Can be well recommended.— W. FOOTE, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle, Derby. FOREMAN. — Age 23 ; good character. Seven years' experience. Two years in present situation. — ■ H. WHITE, The Gardens, Hackwood Park, Basingskke, Hants. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 28; four- teen years' experience in Fruit and Plants, Orchids, &c., Early and Late Forcing.— A. BULL, The Gardens, Calton Park, Norwich. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Good character.— A. HIBBS, Creech Grange, Wareham. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment. — Age 26 ; 12 years' experience, in large places. Two previous as Foreman. Good references as to character and ability. — FOREMAN, 23, Upcerne Road, Chelsea, S.W. OREMAN,in a good Establishment.— Age 27; over thirteen years' experience. Excellent testimonials from last and previous employer.— C. LINK, The Gardens, Everingham Park, York, T^OREMAN, in good establishment. — Age 24 ; situation. Good testir Leatherhead, Surrey. FOREMAN ; age 25,— A Head Gabdener will be pleased to recommend a strong, active, and intel- ligent young man, with eleven years' experience, as above, where rive or six are kept. Bothy preferred.— VERTICAL, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN, in the Houses ; age 26.— W. H. LISLE, The Gardens, Hesleyside, Bellingham, Northum- berland, would be glad to recommend G. Hogarth (who.ha3 been with him as Second for the past three years) to any Head Gardener in want of a really trustworthy, energetic young ... <~h above in present -GARDENER, Randall's Park, Febrdaby 1.5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 215 FOREMAN, in a good establishment. — Age 25 ; practical experience in Fruit and Plant Growing; also Cut Flower Work. Seven years in present situation ; two yens as Foreman. First-class references.— J. SMITH, Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, N. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; eight years' experience, late two years Foreman. Good refer- ence.—A. POLLARD, Norton. Daventry, Northamptonshire. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEY-MAX.— Age 23; two years as Second in last situation. Seven years' experience. Good references.- E. BEDFORD, Sarsden Gardens, Chipping Norton. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN; age 27.— Mr. Coilsox, Gardener. Dunstall Hall, Burton- on Trent, can with every confidence recommend G. Buch as ■bore. Well up in Earfy Forcing Plants, &c. Six years in present situation. Total Abstainer. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, GROWER.— Age 31, married. Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Tomatcs, Plants, Cut Flowers, Bcc. ; or Management of a n--wly- started place for profit. — Thos. Coote, Jervis Road, Bishop Stortford. Ifi >REMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER A- for Market. Last eighteen months Grower and Sales- man for B. Primrose. Twenty years' experience in Pot Roses, Ferns, Palms, and Soft- wooded Plants for Market.— WALTERS, g, Sun Gardens. Old Dover Road, Blackheath. OREMAN, PROPAGATOR and GROWER. — twenty three years' practical experience in producing large quantities of Cut Flowers and Flowering Plants, Roses, Palms, Ferns, Bulbs, &c. Cucumbers and Tomatos.— S. F., 5, Gilbert Road, South Wimbledon. ROPAGATOR (First-class) and GROWER for Market.— Age 28; well up in Soft-wooded Stuff, Growing Fruit under Glass. Cut Flowers, and Market Work in general. Good references.— GARDENER. 7, Butts Road, Southwiek, near Brighton. PR( iI'AGATOR and GROWER for market. —Age 32, married ; Soft-wooded Stuff, Ferns, Cut Flowers, Grape9, Tomatos, &c. Good references. — T., Mr. Mills, Stationer, Milton Street, Nottingham. ROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER —Age 24 ; well up in Pelargoniums, Bou- vardias. Carnations, Genistas, double Primulas. Cinerarias, Calceolarias. Ferns, and General Market Stuff. — W.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street. -Strand, W.C. ROPAGATOR (Assistant).— Age lit; us.-d to the general run of Plants. Good references H 11.. Gardeners' ckrmicU Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, u C OSE-GROWER or FOREMAN.— Age 39; thoroughly experienced. Roses, Chrysanthemums, Tomatos, &c. Bloom in quantity. Private or Market. (Jog. I references. — J. H., 29, Lower Qlen Vue, But Grinstead, Sii—.x. OSE GROWER, Indoors.— Experienced.— X. V. Z., 4i, Beved.n Street. Hoxton, London. 1> OSE GROWER,— Age 86; w.-ll up. Seven \ years' exhibiting in la«t place A very BUC ful exhi- bitor. Won over 100 prizes— G. CAMPBELL. Bailhroolc, Hath. OURXEYMAN (Fiust), in the Houses.— Age 2.1 ; seven years' experience, partly in the Midlands. Good recommendation from present situation.— H. SNELL, The Baldens, Treliawct, Truro. JOURNEYMAN (Fibot); Age 23. — A. Y'.i'.i.. Pendley Manor. Tring, wishes tor mmend a young Man as above. Has had seven years' experience in various large places, with good references and thorough knowledge of Indoor Work. OURXEYMAN (First). — Age 23 ; nine year*' sound practical experience in Large Gardens. Outside work preferred. Served three years at Syon House. London preferred.— R. L. CAUSING, 3, Hartland Road, North Street, Isleworth, Middlesex. OURNEYMAN, in a good establishment.— Can be highly recommended.— ROBERT BASSIL, The Gardens, Luton Hoo Park, Luton, Beds. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 18; four and a half years' good character.— W. CHEESE, The Gardens, Downton Hall, Ludlow, Salop. JOURNEYMAN.— Age l'(); experience Inside and "'it. Strong, energetic, and willing. — J. H. .lACKSON. Claydon Park. WinakVw, Bucks. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 10; Five years' ex- perience under Glass in good Gardens. Excellent refer- ences.—E. PARSLOW. Saling Grove, near Braintree, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; five years' experience ; two years in present situation. — 11. AMOK. The Gardens. Lo, k.-rley Hall, I'.omsey. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 21; willing, active, and strong. Well recommended. Five years in last situation. -WILLIAM NEiVNHAM, South Lodge Gardens, Horsham, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 20; four and a half years' in previous situation, and two years in present. Well recommended.— W. SUTTON, The Gardens, Temple House, near Great Marlow. Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19 — Mr. N'nRKlsH wishes to recommend F. Willey as above. Two years in present place. Bothy preferred. — The Quarries Gardens, Ex< tsr. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 22 good experience. Has been in the gardens of Sir Charles Pigott, Bart., for two years. — G. FORD, Wexham Park, Slough. Bucks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— C. W. Cook can with every confidence recommend a quick, active, steady young man as above. — The Gardens, Rendcombe Park, Cirencester. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under a Foreman ; age 21.— J. Trigger, Milton Park Gardens, Peterboro'. can highly recommend a strong and active young man as above. Bothy preferred. J OURXEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; six years' experience in both Private and Market Estab- lishments. First-class testimonials.— B. LARRY, Sunny Hill Vineries, Littleover, Derby. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 21.— R. Middletox, Exbury Gardens, Southampton, can recommend a strong, active young man as above. Five yeare in present place. Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; two years in present situation. Can be well recom- mended.—F. FRANCIS. The Gardens, Stanage Park, Bramp- ton Brian. Herefordshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Has had good experience ; can be highly recommended. Six and a half years in present situation.— F. CURTIS, The Gardens, Oldown, Alroondsbury, Gloucestershire, JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a Foreman; age 20.— F. Kiv«; would be pleased to recom- mend a voting man as above. Seven years' good character. Bothy preferred. — F. KING, The Gardens, Oak Dene. Holm wood, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN; a-- -• A IIkai. Oar- m-.nkr will be pleased to recommend a strong, active, intelligent young man as ab..v.'. with seven years' experience where five or more are kept. Bothy preferred.— VERTICAL. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tblifthment. — Age 22; abstainer. Excellent character as to abilities in present and previous -it nut ions. — Please state wages with bothy to T. KEMP, Bodoryran Gardens, Llangefni. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept; age 22. — A Givii.kman recommends ■ irience i excellent i UMES CLARK, EHeray Gardens, Windermere; or (for references) A. H. KKYWOOD, Esq., BUeray.W n JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a ^»lkI establahmenl Lge j\ . abstainer. Excellent character from previous and present employers is to abilities.— Please bothy, to S. PRESTON, Bodorgnu Gardens, ■ I M 1 ' 1 M )YER. in the Houses; age 20.— Mr. J- FOWKLL, The Gardens, I >.. r el Saleem, Abbey Wood, Kent, woul.l Is- pleased lo recommend Frank Sut ton as above. IMPROVER, [nside, or Inside and Out, in a QemMeman'a Garden. Lge 30; three years' good character. Abstainer.— W. smith. Creei b Orange, Wareham. IMTROVER, in a j,'ood establishment. -Ag.- ls: two years' good character from [iresent employer.— QEOBOB tlLLKlt. .!. Maunder, Nurseryman, Pinnae, Exeter. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 17 ; three years' good character. - W. HUOHE8, The Gardens, Stanage Park, Brampton Brian, Herefordshire. To Head Gardeners. ItfPRt iVl'.i;. —Age I8j three yean' experience. Good references ; mil give a premium.— E. FEAR, Gar- dener, Wellisford Manor, Wellington, Homer .f. IMl'Ut >VEIt. — Age I'.'; six vears' experience Inside and Out.— O. B. CHABLBTT, Bead Gardener to the Vice-Chancellor, Oxford University, ean strongly reoom- mend a Lad as above. — Gardens, Ingoldisthorpe, Norfolk. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, Inside and Out.— Age 19; three and a half years' experience. Good character.— (i. BROWN, The Lodge, Sunnyfield, Hamp- stead Heath. IMPROVER, in the Houses; age 17. — A Gentlkman wishes to recommend ;i voung man as above. Four years' good character.— J. F. V. HORNER, Esq., Hells Park, Frome. IMPROVER, Indoors in a Market Nursery.— Age 22; abstainer. Polling. Watering, Tying and General Indoor Work.— C. BOND, Po-brook Gardens, lit. ti- field, Hants. IMPROVER; age 17.— G. 1 1 ilton, Gardener to Colonel Ainsworth. J. P., Smithills Hall, Bolton, wants to find a place for a young man. Leaving through breaking up of establishment. IMPROVER, in Gentleman's Garden, where he could improve himself Inside and Out. — Age 18; four years' experience. Two years' character.— JAMES STOVELL, Knowles Lodge, Cuckfletd, To Gardeners. IMPROVER: age 10. -William IIep.ni:, Hanbury Hall Gardens, Droitwich, wishes to place his Son under a good practical Gardener. Three years in the gardens here. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden — -a- Age 17 ; would pay a premium.— A. B.,; Mr. Summerfield, Shirley Terrace. Shirley Road, Enfield. IMPROVER.— Mrs. Seymour desires to find a place for a lad (age 17), who has worked three years in Norton Hall Gardens. Intelligent, willing. obligiDg, and total abstainer. Leaving to better himself.— Address, 5, Chesterfield Gardens, London, W. TMPROVER; age 19.- Mr. T. W. Sanders -t- can stroDgly recommend F. G. Matthews to the notice of any gardener requiring a respectable industrious young mau as Improver, either in or out doors. Abstainer.— F. G. MATTHEWS, 74, High Road. Lee, S.E. TO NURSERYMEN and FLORISTS.— Dis- engaged. Head Gardener requires House-work or Jobbing until suited. — GARI>ENER, 16, Cedar Terrace, Richmond, S.W. TO NURSERYMEN. — A young Gardener J- seeks a situation in a Market Nursery. Experienced in all kinds of Market Plants.— H. WILCHINS, 1, Sidney Cottages, Wadley Road, Leytonstone, E. TO NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, situation in a Nursery, by young man (age 21). Six years' experience in General Greenhouse. Plants, Cucumbers, Tomatos, &c. Good character.— FREDK. LOCKE, Wyre Street, Colchester. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young man, a situation in a Market Nursery, where Indoor Fruit is Grown. Five years* experience.— J. A., 474, Woodboro* Road, Mapperley, Nottingham. rro MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Situation -L wanted by a young man (age 23). Good experience in Tomatos. Cucumbers, &c. Excellent references, — C. ANDREWS, Ware Road. Hoddesdon, Herts. ARDENERS, Ac—Wanted, a situation, by a young Man (age 21) in a Gentleman's Garden. Inside aud Out. Good character.— H. H., Mill Green, Ingatestone, rFO GENTLEMEN, &c— Wanted, by a young X man (age 19), a situation in the Garden or Farm ; eighteen months' character, and can be highly recommended. WALTER GiiDDARD, The Gardens, Loisby Park, Guildford, Surrey . TO (J ARDENERS, &c— Wanted to place a youth (age 15), for two or three years in a good Garden, where he would have an opportunity of Learning in the dif- fer-nt departments. Has a knowledge of Gardening. Good references.— JOSEPH CLARK. Swinderby Road, Collingham, Newark. GEED DEPARTMENT or FlTlRIsf^ O A youth (age 19), used to Gardening, requires situation in either of above. Good references. — \V. MARSHALL, Myddylton Place, Saffr.ui Walden, Essei. To Florl'ts. MANAGER, or SHOPMAN. — Age 26; Expert in Table Decorations, Bouquets, Buttonholes. Wreaths and all Floral Designs. Lifetime in the trade; good character and testimonials— ('. T. E., S3, Tempi., street, Brighton. To Seed Merchants. Nurserymen, Florists, &c. SHOPMAN, or BRANCH MANAGER— Age 33: live yean in last situation.— E. W., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, W.C. SHOPMAN (Head).— Thorough knowledge of s.-.s is. Bulbs, and Nursery Trade. Open for engagement. — BRA.SSICA, Hurst & Son, Houndsditch, London, E.C. SHOPMAN. — Thirteen years' experience in Retail Seed Trade. Good references.— BETA, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SIlul'M \\\— Age 24; a young man with eight vears' experienre in all brunches, seeks re-engage- ment.—A.. Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. rpo FLORISTS.— Wanted a situation by a -1_ young man in a first-class Shop or Nursery; thoroughly expertin Bouquets, Sprays. Wreiths, Crosses, Floral Designs, and aU cut Flower Arrangements. First ii.iss references. — X. L., 69, Camden Street Parade, Birmingham. 'IM SEEDSMEN— Wanted, by a respectable J- young man (age 21), a situation in a Florist aixl Seed Shop. Thoroughly experienced in Mjking-up.— H. FAKAGE, Florist, South Croydon. To FLOklSTS.— Wanted, by a young Lady. re-engagement in high-clay* Florist's Business. Good references.— K. H , 40, Hampton Road. Clifton. Bristol. HOLLO WAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Coughs, Influenza. -The soothing properties of these medicaments render them well worthy of trial in all diseases of the respiratory organs. In common colds and influenza the Pills, taken internally, and the Ointment rubbed over the chest and throat, are exceedingly efficacious. When influenza is epidemic, this treatment iH the easiest, safest and surest. Holloway's Pills purify the blood, remove all obstacles to its free circulation through the lungs, relieve the over-gorged air tubes, and render respiration free, without reducing the strength, irritating the nerves, or depressing the spirits; such are the ready means of escaping from Buffering when afflicted with colds, coughs, bronchitis, and other chest complaints, by which the health of so many ia seriously and permanently injured in most countries. 216 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 15, 1890. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS cf the latest and most approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SAODLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc. ; VENTILATING GEAR and VALVES. la the event of a Pipe requ UPPER j to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby s without the necessity of disturbing t lie brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, Telegraphic Address-" HOT- WATER, London." Telephone, No. 4763. lay be effected in the course of a few minutes, LONDON S.E, a DARLINGTON" GLASS WALL-COVER Inventors and Sole Makers:— W. RICHARDSON&CO., Horticultural Builders and Hot-water Engineers, DARLINGTON. BOULTOTl PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. -THREE- QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for atUmtion. They are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high ac Back, and 32 inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilation. They are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.\ (£2 15 0 2 ' „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ cash 4 7 6 by 6 „ prices. I 6 00 by 6 „ r carriage | 7 12 6 by 6 „ pam. 9 5 0 by 6 „ ) \ 10 17 6 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES, BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. 3 „ ,. 12 4 „ „ 16 5 „ „ 20 6 „ „ 24 ,ES AND PRI CF. S FREE o largely supplied » ) light, strong, Messrs. DickSOna, Limited, Chester, write .- -" The Flower Pots yoi and well mad*-, and in every respect highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Worcester, write:— "We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your 'Garden Pots ; ' thev are well mide. light, yet strong, and we like them better than any others we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 535, King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:—" For nearly thirty years I have been using your * Garden Pots,' and still rind tbem best and cheapest." Largest Manufacturers in the world. No waiting ; millions in stock. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders. Half carriage on £1 orders. Samples free. Address— RICHARD SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating1 Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses. Illustrations of every description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot- water Pipes, and all appliances for heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2s. post-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden. London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Aosew. & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday. February 15, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established 1841 No. 165.— Vol. VII. { feTEHB1EES*. } SATUEDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper.! PR1CtE ^.w* (. Post-free, 3}oung Fruit-. under gladS ling apiKiintment* era' pmhlem, a ... Gardeners' Royal Bene- volent Institution Ghent Chambre Syndi- oale Hardy fruit garden Kitchen gtirdfti laelia anoeps D i ■■•■ wni and Its varieties sales- Light, influence of, on plants Linnean Society Manure tanks Mill. J. S., as a botanist Mistleto « trcbid -houses ,, notes Paris Horticultural Con- Phalienopais Cynthia X . Plants and their culture Potatos ... Primroses, hardy Railway rates hybrid IUH»fs, pruning of hardy . Koyal Horticultural So- ciety Sei 'i i rops „ trade, the National Chryeanthe- Royal Horticultural ... Soil, state of the Telegraph money orders , iin trees 'J' rait'- pro-1'ci.ition Trichoj.liili.i punctata ... •TV Illustrations. \. lee Augustlanum Light, influence of. on Saxifrage sa Rocheas, hybrid Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can ant/ particular position he guaranteed for ad- verti*ements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6fL rrilE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1 Vol. VI., Third Seri.-«, JULY to DEO., 1--'-'. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. 'rilK SPRING snow of the RICHMOND L HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY will t..- held in the Castle Rooms, on MARCH 18 and 19. 1890. Entries close Wednesday, March 12. For Schedules, fee., please apply to— J. H. FORD, Hon. Sec. 22, George Street, Richmond. Surrey. PRESTON and FULWOOD HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY. The TWELFTH GREAT SPRING FLOWER SHOW and FLORAL FETE will be held in the large Public Hall, Presl on WEDNESDAY mii.i Thursday. March Id and 20, when over ONE HUNDRED and TEN POUNDS will I lered in Prizes. Ul entries must be senl bo not Inter thon March 10. Ify tln> great kindness of its members, tiie magnificent Orchestra of the M.ii.ii.-i. r l:.>ethoren Society, numbering >ixty performers, will be present the lirst day from 3 to 9.1S P '■!. Schedules of Prizes and all other information from — Mr. JOHN ATHERTON, Fern Hank, Cndley, Ire-ton. MR. ENOCH WHITE (Deceased).— All PERSONS hsving CLAIMS upon the Beta! the late Mr. ENOCH WHITE, of the Victoria Nurseries, liourne- mouih, are requested to send the name forthwith to the under- mentioned Solictors for the Executors, Dated this I8th dayof February, 1890. _, m w „ I)RrITr. Town Hall Chambers, Bout G EI1ANIUM "MRS. POLLOCK " Cuttings f..r s.i I.- . also some from Stores, very strong stuff, cheap. . FaRRANCE, Florist, Chadwell Heath, E-scx. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carters beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238, High Holborb, Losdox, W.C. RCHIDS. — The largest Stock- of_ good healthy established Plants in Europe. Many beautiful things always in Mower. An inspection is invited. WILLIAM Itl'LL, F.L.S.. E-tablishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. POTATOS and HARDEN SEEDS.— All the best kinds, in Large or Small Quantities. Also an immense stock of Garden Seeds at very Low Prices. Vll Seedsmen an] Market Qrowers « 11 do well to consult our Price LIST, I HARRISON ami SONS, Seed Growers. Leice-ter. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nl'RsKHYMKS. Sideiip. and 585, 2815, 287, 288, Flower Market. Corent Garden, London, w .0., are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address— •■ COMMISSION. SIDCUP." HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market 1'r .-- u' laranteed. Promot ra-li. HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden, W.C. C^HARI.KS COOPER and CO., Wholesale J Fi.ntii-i- and Comkissioh Lobnts, Bedfordbury, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN To RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS, Boxes forwarded. Highest Market I'r .•- guaranteed. W. B A R NHA M (late of Squelch & • Barnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. DRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS j also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and i Iu Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Cov. ■ Garden, W.C. (TUT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS \J Received and Bold on Commissi laily at thi Garden Ol ■'■ H. Bl I. MAN. ProdU .• Auctioneer. m-Tyne. Telegi i] "BUI M IN, Newcastle on Tyne." WANTED, if cheap, four \< A CI AS, various; three DRAC ENAS i 1 train,), for conservatory, tall, well-grown. A.i.lr. --. stating bi ighi and lowesl price. T. <;. SHUT I LI WOR1 H, I hurch Street, Sheffield. \\' \\ I I. n. two Bpei imen LAPAGER1A T> ALBA, in Pot) or Tubs. State size and price, to WM. L. SKINNER, Norserymnn, \ . Silcoetes, Wakefield. A~~ N T E D, C U T T I N G S, Mln Joliffe CARNATIONS. TODDINGTON 0BCH tun COMPANY, Winchcomb. w WAN I 'ED, ( ii:i.m,> NE CRISTATA, well set with Hud; also CUT BLOOMS of ORCHIDS, i rs tO — GEO. TAYLOR, Tuder Nunery, Birkdale, Southport. To Nurserymen. WANTED, 2 Dozen 1'IXUS ACSTRI ACA Immediately, from 12 to 15 t high, Reply, stating price, to Mr. PRITCHARD, Uilburn, Bsher, Surrey. ANTED, ABUTILON Thompsoni, fl. pi. ;• CAJ IDIUMS, best sorts; CHRY3ANTHEMI MS Avalanche, Mr. n. Cannell, Mr-. II. Cannell; fuchsias Minnie Hanks. Mrs. Bennett, Prime Allied, Crown Prince ol Prussia; HERNIA N A GI.AItK \ : PETUNIA Spitfire; COLEUS, A. Whitley, Ville de l< MI.MULUS, Brilliant. Moschata Rubra; AURICULAS, green edged; Carnations, Louisa Ashburton. PlnkSouv. de It Malmaison, Mrs. R. Hole, The Governor; TKoP.l'.oI.CMs. Hermine Grasshoff, John Mie, Hall of Fire. Vesuvius, Constantine, The Moor, Bedfont Rival, Triomphe de (land. Canariense Impd. ; PANCRATIUM CAItlnil.KUM.— H. CANNELL AND SONS, Swaiil.-y. Kent. ANTED, Crown or Globe ARTICHOKES. State lowesl price to JAMES CARTER, DUNNETT, and ItEALE, 237 and 2C8, High Holborn, London, W.C. A Celery for Every Garden. SUTTON'S WHITE GEM CELERY.— Uc- questionably the best dwarf white Celery known, and the earliest in cultivation. Sticks unusually close and firm ; sweet . crisp, and of a tine nutty flavour. Mr. Thos. NUTTINO, Gar- dener to J. Bll'M»i:u. Maple, Esq., M.P., Bays: — "Your White Gem has proved the best white Celery I ever grew." Price of seed, Is. $d. per packet, post-free. Sutton's Seeps Genuine Only Direct from SUTTON AND SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. THORNS, QUICKS, Great Reduction.— 12 to IS inches. 7s. 6o\ per 1000; 1} to 2 feet. 10s. per 1000; 2 to 2J feet, 12s. per 1000; 2 to :l feet. lis. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet. ISs. per 1000 ; Special by 50.000 and 100.000. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1890.— We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also all the best Novelties of the season. May be had on application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by let I ing us know, when another shall at once he posted. WATKINS and SIMPSON. Seed and Bulb Merchants, Eieter Street, Strand, London, W.C. 1' A L M S 1 From ( 12 to 'jn feel Thigh, tauj leave EX T R A L A R G for Winter Gardens 25 SEAFORTHI \ ELEGANS, 10 ARECA LI TEA and A. BAUEEtl, 10 KENTIA BELMOREANA, in ,. fosteriaNa, 30 C0COS FLEXUOSA and PLUMOSA, &c. Also a very tine selection of the above varieties from i'< to 10 feel high, in the mosl perfeel condition for decorative purposes. W. IGETON.Pu y Park I. me. S.W. ARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETA I i 1 . 1 •', and FLOWER SEEDS, free. -Full of useful informal ...... SELECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS. 12s. 6d.. 21s., 31s. ti,.., 13s., »'. Is. an. I upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS, 2s. 6it., 3s. 6;j -,eds KENTIA BALMOREANA and FORSTERIANA. 500 Standard ROSES. 300. GLADIOLUS and DAHLIAS; 1000 BEGONIAS, from Belgium ; 300 AZALEA MOLLIS, RHODODENDRONS. and Ghent AZALEAS, from the Continent; 8000 Ameri- can iv, rl TUUKKOSKS ; 3MIIU LILY OF THE VALLEY; i:.,iiiin FREESIA REFRACT A ALBA, a very fine assort- in, i.t of English-grown LILIES. Greenhouse and Stove FERNS, PALMS, and other Decorative Plants, from an English Nursery. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale It OS, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, February 26, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next.— Orchids. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, February 18, at half-past 12 o'Clock, a large quantity of various ESTAB- LISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Camden Road, N. HIGHLY IMPORTANT to FLORISTS, FRUITERERS, and OTHERS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at The Mart, Tokenhouse Yard. Loudon, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, March 5, at 1 for 2 o'Clock precisely, in 2 Lots, the Valuable LEASEHOLD PROPERTY, known as Brecknock Nurseries, Camden Road, N., occupying the most valuable site in the North of London, immediately opposite the "Brecknock Arms," possessing a commanding frontage to Camden and Brecknock Roads of 96 feet, with the magnificent Conservatory ; also the Leasehold 9- Roomed Resi- dence, being 229, Camden Road, and adjoining the former property, having a frontage of 29 feet, by a depth of 158 feet, with Stabling in rear ; also the Leasehold Nursery and Tennis Grounds, situate at Hilldrop Crescent, Camden Road, N., aud close to the foregoing Property ; together with the Goodwill of the Old-established Business, so successfully carried on for years by the present Proprietor and Vendor. Particulars had at The Mart, E.C. ; of Messrs. TRUEFITT AND GANE. Solicitors, 51J, Bishopgate Street Within, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers. Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. and Leytonstone, E. Harlesden, N.W.— Almost without Reserve. To Nurserymen, Florists, and others interested in the Horti- cultural Trade. ATESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will 1VL SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart. Tokenhouse Yard, London, E.C. on Wednesday, March 5. at 2 o'Clock pre- cisely, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST in the LEASE and GOODWILL of the Old-Established Nursery aud Florists' Busi- ness, known as and being the HARLESDEN PARK NURSERY, St. Mary's Road. Harlesden, N.W., eight minutes' walk from Willesden Junction Station. The property compris s 1} acres of ground, 13 capital Greenhouses, aud 3 Pits, heated by 3-inch and 4-inch hot-water piping, the movable Galvanized Iron erections of Cart and Van Sheds, and 2-stall Stable and Potting Shed. There is a Six-roomed Dwelling-house and Conservatory. Particulars and conditions of Sale may be obtained on the Premises aud at the various local Inns; of the Mart, E.C, of GEO. LOCKYER, Esq., Solicitor, 487. New Cross Road, S.E., and 1, Greshani Building-. Basiughall Street. E.C, and ol the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 & 68 Cheapside, Loudon, E.G., and Leytonstone, E. Thursday, March 6. NURSERY STOCK from SAMPLE. ES3RS. PROTHEROE and Mm: IMS inoancc that their NEXT SALE, as above, will take place on THURSDAY, .March 6, for which they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Catalogues forwarded on application. WANTED, on Lease, Small First-class MARKET NURSERY, either a going concern or Premises suitable for same. Houses and Heating appliances must be modern, efficient, and in thorough repair.— X., 9, Exchange, Balham, S.W. FOR SALE. ABOUT 3 ACRES of FREEHOLD LAND, SUITABLE FOR A NURSERY, With about 16,000 super, feet of Glasshouses recently erected thereon. Also two Blocks containing four Cottages. Situated 20 Miles south of London. For particulars apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Cheapside, London, E.C. For the above tablished NURSERY BUSINESS, with valuable Free- hold Land, convenient Residence, well stocked Greenhouses, and the growing Nursery Stock. Purchaser could have pos- session at once.— Apply, Mr. CHARLES BEEVERS, Chartered Accountant, 92, Albion Street. Leeds. East Retford. Notts. TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, a first- class nursery (glass only), consisting of 6000 square feet, in full working order. A splendid oppor, unity for a good man. Retford is within a short distance of Newark. Sliellield, Doncaster, Leeds, Bra, lrord, and Lincoln Markets. For full par- ticulars apply, F. W. HODSON, Groveleigh Nurseries, Retford. M iLTON NURSERIES, Headingley. V SALE, by Private Treaty, as a going concern, 1 Nurserymen, Florists, &c. GENUINE BUSINESS, consisting of Green- houses, 200 feet by 12 feet. Well stocked and ready for market; small front Shop for Sale of Flowers, Fruit, &c. Capital chance for good man. Price for Goodwill, Stock, &c., £),,-,— lowest,— T. RANSOM, Mason's Hill, Bromley, Kent, To Nurserymen, Florists, &c— Hampton, Middlesex. rlX> BE LET or SOLD, a 6-roomed X COTTAGE, with Acre of Land. Stock on Ground at Trade valuation or reasonable offer; also well a, Martin's Lane, Cannon Street. City. EXT.— TO BE LET, a well-established NURSERY, about 4 Acr. s ; capital Dwelling llou»e, 4 Greenhouses, heated ; Seed and Florist Shop, with Shed and Store-room, the whole standing in a good pjsition in a rising neighbourhood. Nineteen miles from Covent Garden. Rent, £-10. Stock at valuation, which is young, clean, aud healthy. D. W'„ Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HIMALAYAN PRIMROSES, for Spring Bedding, in quantity, cheap. PRIMULA ROSEA, the hardy Himalayan Cowslip, brilliant pink, good plants, Amateur's Stock. Address for price per 100. F. E.. Messrs. Street. 30. Cornhill, E.C. rPHE "STANLEY" KIDNEY POTATO is -L the best of the Early Ashleaf section, an enormous cropper, grand quality, both when young and matured. Grown on red soil. Price 3s. 6rf. per stone, cash with order. H. HAVELOCK, Hexham. Special selection, 1 stone Stanley, 1 stone Bruce, 1 stone Imperator, the best Potatos grown, true to name, 7*., bags free, cash with order. H. HAVELOCK, Hexham. f ILIUM AURATUM*, J.^ specially fine consignment to hand from Japan, 9 inches round, 6s. per dozen, 40s. per 100; 10 inches round, 7s. 6d. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 11 inches round, splendid bulbs, 10s. per dozen. LILIUM LANCTFOLTTJM RUBRUM, extra fine, 0?. ami 9*. do/. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, Scarlet, 3s. toil, per 100. Cash with order. Package free. Orders over 20s. caniage paid. J. & R. THYNE, S3, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. COLLECTION of ORCHIDS for SALE.— All the plants (about 1300) are in perfect condition. This collection has been got together so as to have plenty cf bloom all the year round. There are some very fine varieties ; one plant is unique. To be Sold, as the Lease of the .Mansion expires soon. Apply to HEAD GARDENER. Woodlands, Greenhithe. E E D P O T A T O S. Early Puritan Potatos, 10s. per cwt., 160s. per ton. Sutton's Abundance Potatos, .a*, per cwt., SOS. per ton. Sutton's Satisfaction Potatos. 6s. per cwt., 100s. per toy . ASPARAGUS ROOTS.- Clean and good 2-yr.-old Asparagus Roots, for Planting, 8s. per 100. Cash with order. ALFRED COCKERILL, Seedsman, 18 and 20, The Draperv, Northampton. OR SALE, Cheap, 800 OAKS, 9 to 12 feet, 30s. per 100. 200 CHESTNUTS, Horse, 10 to 18 feet, a.a.«. per 100. Apply to THOS. HEDLEY, The Gardens, Putteridge Park, Luton, Beds. NDRE LEROY'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENTAL TREES, SHRUBS. CA- MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, 8cc. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Angers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1678. Orders must be addressed to Messrs. WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, Loudon, E.C. February 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 219 THE BEST PEA SHARPE'S QUEEN (CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Sleaford). OUEEN I PRODUCTIVENESS, ^ is QUALITY, BEST OF ALL colour, POT | FLAVOUR. Tlie finest variety grown, either for Private or Market Gardening. Price 8*. per Sealed Quart Park,!. Sharpe's VICTORY 2/6 per sealed pint pkt. Sharpe's EMPRESS 3- ., quart ,, Sharpe's TRIUMPH 2/- Sharpe's PARAGON 2/- Sharpe's SIR F. A. MILLBANK 2 '- iive Catalogue pott-free on application. Trade ("STANDARD' SEEDS) Mark. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES 'SEEDS', More than Km named varieties. English saved. Also col- lections ol sune in 12, IB, and 24 sorts. List ol Names free by post, on application to W ATKINS iro SIMPSON. Bead and HuIIj Merchants, Exeter Stp-et, Strand, Loudon, W.c. The most Wondbbful Chopping Potato IN TIIK WOBLD. Prioe 2s. 6d, per peck, 8«. perlmsh., 21*. per sack. Much cheaper by the ton. From Hundred* of Unsolicited Testimonials received we « |.. i the following:— From Mr. H. Hammi.rto.n, Woodchnrch. August 12. " I have had the honour of winning the SlLVBB CU1 ut our Show for the best collection of Potato*. I staged 123 varieties, 08 of which I had direct from you. I grew 117 varieties, and the hest cropper by far was The Daxisxs." of Quantity Planted, 14 lb. Quantity Raised. 728 lb. From tin- " Kkitkhini. Guahpian." Septeml-r 1 1. " Kkmakkaiii.i POTATO Vtn.n.s.-Mr. G. Johnson. of Wad n.ft. has a crop of Potatoa remarkable both for size anr jnantity. He purchased 14 lb. of The Daniel seed fron. *rs. Daniels Bros., Sei-d Growers, Norwich; aud the 1-1 lb ad realised no less than 728 lb." M Before ordering, send for Daniels' New Potato Catalogue containing Coloured and other illustrations, and much valuabh information. Gratis and post free to all. UANIbLb DtiUb., Exchange Street, THE BEST SCARLET-FLESH MELON. <** CARTERS' BLENHEIM ^ ORANGE WINS FIRST PRIZES IX ALL IMPORTANT CONTESTS. Notici;.— We have purchased th • ■ iitirt- stock fruiri the Kaiser of this valuable Melon each year since its introduction. Price, In Sealed Packets. Is. 6d., 2?. 6d. & 3s. 6d., post-free. ftOYAX SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANT, HICH HOLBORN, LONDON. 237 238 FD TT T T SEVENTY-FIVE ACRES K of remarkably well-grown Trees. _ * ,2T„* Inspection invited. T D 17 17 Q N"v ''escriptive CATALOGUE IAJLIjO. on application. DlCKSONS" K wKS CHESTER. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Itcxtin the Market, an none but genuine, good, new season's see Is are supplied, THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Hu* been pronoun i the most complete and economical i bupplj nig seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED ile and H»».r s Is n Penny Packet! ; also by weight and measure it Lowed p Also a Seta i I. .-i "I HARDY PLANTS. ( 'atalogue 1 500 Tlhutratiom i gratis ami pott-free. BIDDLES & CO, The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUCHBOROUCH, LEICESTERSHIRE. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. Nothing so profitable and easy to grow. 71 Acres in stock, nple Instructions and kinds of suit all soils. n ^N O ^ O 20 Acres. r\ \J OtO, Busin-s B». per dozen, tJOr. per 100. ftp Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. KOSES IN POTS from 15.?. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TIIEES, 91 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), Us., Ids., and 24*. per doz. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER, ABUNDANCE SEED POTATOS. Low Quotations on application to DICKSONS, Seed Warehouse, CHESTER. W ms NEW PEA .. STANDARD." die- lii.tl and exCelleut in height, baa an enormously prolific pods of tin- He PIu merits a high pie sIANDARI N«*\\ Pea. It growa from 5(oi3 feet extremely hardy constitution, is willi thick, wide, blunt pointed Ultra, type, but much larger. It amongst main orop and late aorta, flavour at all times is second to none. I huve ires, and might safely say hundreds of new Peas during the last ten years, aud this La one of the few that have Given me complete sati-fac t ion. b'rom Mr .i Mi 'in. Gardener to C. R.M. Talbot, Esq., M.P., u :. Price, 3s. 6d. per Pint, Post-free. WEBBS' SPRINGCATALOGUE Post-free, Is., GratiB to Customers. 1*1 ltd Edition, Gratis to all. WEBB&SONS.WORDSLEY,STOURBRIDGE SEEDS. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS ul' the very best quality, carriage free. CATALOGUES Post-free on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. i ihn Cowan I, Limited, THK mnkyard and NURSERIES, GAB3TON, LITEBPOOL. SEED POTATOS. To Grow In GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITI0 h THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin— a greal Improi -'in1 ut on (In- old variety, Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Senil for Descriptive CATALOGUE, the moat complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts worth growing. j v/ATKINS, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM. WITHINGTi IN, HEREFORD. 8EI.ECT VEGETABLE 3c Floiivesa? Ssed Poiatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. j Be3t Qualities Only. Prices most Moderate Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. lllmtrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370, Pott Free on application. 4£$ nurseries St Seed I --' i; ,:.il.!l .lililriu Chester. 220 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1890. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Strong prepared Runners, Carriage Free. Per doz. Per 100 s. d. s. i LAXTON'S NOBLE, the grand new Early 16 10 A. F. BARKUN;,Laxton.9NewVarietie3(3 0 20 < COMMANDER f-"""' 13 0 20 WATERLOO, splendid dark crimson ... 1 6 7 Per 100-s. d. I Per 100-s. d BRITISH QUEEN ... 3 6 ATJGUSTE NICAISE 3 I DR. H03G 5 O JAMES VEITCH ... 3 - KING of theEARLIES 5 0 I PRESIDENT 5 < SIR CHAS. NAPIER 3 6 SIR JOS. PAXTON ... 5 And many others. 100 plants in 10 Choice Varieties ... 5s. id. 1000 ,, 10 „ 35s. Qd. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits postrfree. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. CHRISTMAS ROSES. Plant now to Succeed. Strong clumps that have borne twelve to twenty blooms each of the Bath variety, Six for 10s. 6d. ; Twelve for 20s. Cash with order. Packing free. THOMAS KITLEY, OLDFIELD NURSERY, BATH. THE FINEST MAIN CROP POTATO. SHARPE'S DUKE OF ALBANY. 2s. per Stone. A REMARKABLY HEAVY CROPPER. HANDSOME, ROUNDISH, ROUGH-SKINNED TUBER. COOKS DRY AND FLOURY. FLESH. WHITE; SHAPE. PERFECT; EYES, FLAT. SEASON, FROM JULY TO MARCH. Price, per Cwt. or Ton, on application. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SLEAFORD CATALOGUES POST FREE. GLADIOLUS. FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVER}'. Terms Cash from Umkxown Firms. Per 100. Per 1000. 5 0 d. 40 0 GANDAVENSIS 1st size ... FLORIBUNDUS 5 0 40 0 BRENCHLEYENSIS 3 6 iO 0 DUTCH MIXED 4 0 35 0 FRENCH MIXED 6 0 50 0 LILY OF THE VALLEY CLUMPS, 1st size, 7s. per dozen, 40s. per 100. SPIR.EA PALMATA, 12s. per 1C0. MICHAEL BAINS & CO., Cultivator and Exporters of Dutch Bulb* and Seed Merchants, The New Haarlem Bulb Warehouses. 31. MANSELL STREET, ALDGATE, CITY, LOXDON. Established 1858. Telographie Address: "BlOTiCUS. London." A BIG SALE, COMPULSORY UNDER NOTICE TO QUIT, From St. John's College, Cambridge, AFTER TWENTY-FOUR YEARS TENANCY, Must still go on as many acres remain to be cleared. Ordinary Prices are superseded, and all engaged in Planting Operations should come and see, or write for particulars. Hardy Evergreens, Fruit Trees, Rhododendrons, &c. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. Purchasers must book to Sunningdale Station. S.W. Rail. NEW TOMATOS. AND CHOICE Each Post-free at prices quoted. New Peach, per pkt., 1/6 I Chimson Quees, per pkt., 1/- Lobillabd „ 1/6 New Eaklv Champion „ 1/- Pkelude ,, 1/6 Golden Eagle, per pkt., - 6 Scarlet Perfection ,. 1/- 1 Open Air „ -6 The Collection, One Packet each, 7/6, post-free. DANIELS BROS., o^L, JARMAN "UNIVERSAL" CO 'S LLECTIONS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. VEGETABLES, FLOWERS.— Is., 2s. 6 to 3 feet; AMERICAN ARBOR VIT.E. 6 feet; Standard BIRCH, &c. R. COLLYER, Cart House Lane Nursery, Woking Station, Surrey. inn Strong Flowering Hardy HERBACEOUS AW PLANTS in fifty distinct sorts, free for 12s. erf- purchaser's selection ; 1000 in 100 sorts, 90s. Descriptive LIST free. True to name. Carriage paid. H. DOBBIE. Florist, Frettingham, Norwich. pHEAP OFFER for CASH.— Black Italian \J POPLARS, fine stuff. 12 to 15 feet (girth of stem 3 feet from ground average 4J inches), on rail at Hassocks Station, 40s. per 100, cash with order. W. BALCHIN AND SONS, Hassocks, Sussex. EARSOWS SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, nnd Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion : Prices extremely moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON AND SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. UICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10«.. 12s.. and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS and SON, 52. Market Square. Northampton. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3±-inoh pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN. Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. R Fine Standard and Dwarf Named HOIIODEXDROXS are offered, with every description of well-grown NURSERY STOCK, at w price, bv W. II. ROQEBS, Red Lodge Nursery, Southampton. i ( STANDARD" SEEDS. wy« rafsSSJCr - , JflpEStral ytsK^^v 1&9 - ? JSJh 2 . 1 KIP NEW BROCCOLI. SHARPES MONARCH. This fine Broccoli was raised by a Gentleman's gardener in the Midlands, and judging from the reception it has received in the Birming- ham and other important markets, it will, no doubt, become the kind for market purposes, being thoroughly reliable, and producing large, puie white heads; commanding prices ranging up to 9s. per dozen. The flower is well protected by the foliage until ready to cut, when the leaves fall back and expose a magnificent head of from 12 to 15 inches diameter, very firm and clear, of great weight, and entirely free from mossy or discoloured portions. Its season is from the middle of March to the end of April, and we have no hesitation in recommending this as being one of the best Pro noli sent out for years. Price, per Sealed Packet, Is. 6d, P 0 S T-F R E E. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Sleaford, Lincolnshire. 222 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febbuary 22, 1890. SMALL SHRUBS, &c, Reduced.— Araucaria imbricata, 10 inches, 40s. per 100 ; Sweet Bass, 2 jr., 25s. per 1000; Cupressus macrocarpa, 9 to 10-inch pots, 8s. per 100; C. erecta viridis, 6 inches, 50s. per 1000; C. Allumii, 9 inches, 7s. 6rf. per 100; C. stricta, 1 foot, 10s. per 100; C. Lawsonianum, 12 inches, 40s. per 1000 ; Laurustinus, 8 inches, 7s. per 100 ; Evergreen Oaks, 1-year, 30s. per 1000 ; Pampas Grass, 50s. per 1000; Rhododendron ponticum, 1 yr. trans- planted, 22s. per 1000; Pinus Cembra, 3-yr., 16s. per 1000 ; P. insignis, 1-yr. 2s. 6rf. per 100; P. excelsa, 1-yr., 4s. per 100; Picea pinsapo, 1-yr., 4s. per 100 ; P. Nordmanniana, 1-yr., transplanted, 40s. per 1000; English Yews, 1-yr., 2-yr. trans- planted, 30s. per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. LAUREL, several thousand to offer, cheap, from 2 to 5 feet. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM, good stuff, ]£ feet, 25s. per 100 ; large well furnished plants, 40s. per 100. THORNS, transplanted, three year, 6s. 6rf. per 1000 ; four year, 12s. 6rf. per 1000. English ELM, 2 to 3 feet, 17s. 6rf, per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 22s. 6rf. per 1000. ASH, good stuff, 2 to 3 feet, 17s. 6rf. per 1000 ; 3 to 4 feet, 21s. per 1000. Well grown and good roots. For samples, apply, WILLIAM TRESEDER. Nurseryman, Cardiff. DONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII MAJUS. — Very fine plants in 4-inch pots, 2s. each, six for 10s. ; in 5-iuch pots, 3s. each, six for 15s. ; extra fine masses in 75-inch pots, 5s. each, five for 20s. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA. — Few nice plants, 2s. 6rf. each, 24s. per dozen. Cases and packing free Compulsory sale. Order early. W. H. HUDJON, F.R.H.S., West Green Road, Tottenham. Special Offer. PICEAS, well furnished, good rooted, and perfect specimens, suitable for avenue planting. P. Nordmanniana, ;± to 3 feet ... ) P. nobilis, 2 to 3 feet r 42s. per dozen. P. pinsapo, 2 to 2£ feet ) RHODODENDRONS, best named kinds, full of (lower-buds, 1 to 1£ foot, 1 J to 2 feet, 2 to 2± feet, £6, £9, and £15 per 100. R. ponticum, very bushy, tine grown plants, 1 to lj foot, and li to 2 feet, 30s. and 50s. per 100. TEV ROSES, in variety, extra strong in pots, 24s. to 36s. p. doz. GARDENIAS, healthy and clean, well set, in 18's and 32's, 12s., 18s., and 21s. per dozen. ERI 3A WILMOREANA and E. SINDRYANA, extra fine, and well set, in 48's and 32's, 18s. to 30s. per dozen. JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot. RHODODENDRONS, in sorts. PONITCUMS, 6 to 9 inches, 10s. per 100, 80s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 13s. per 10>, 110s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches, 18s. per 100. 160s. per 1000. CATAWIUF.NSA HYBRIDA, 6 to 9 inches, 12s. per 100. 100s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches, 15s. per 100, 120s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches, 20s per 100, 180s. per 1000; 15 to 20 inches, 24s. per 100, 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy plants, twice and thrice trinsplanted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, free on application to JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. ARTLAND'S 56 page " YEAR BOOK" of SEEDS for 1890. Within itself unique iu the extreme. His " Book of Daffo- dils " has no rival in the Uuited Kingdom. His " Book of Seeds "for 1890 is not like any other publication throughout the British Isles, and there are seeds and plants offered that no other house has yet attempted to offer. Send three stamps to cover postage, &c, and write for copy, which contains some rare hardy plants. WM. nVYLOR HARTIAND, Old Established Seed Ware- house, 24. Patrick Street, Cork. 3,000,000 V The Best Present for a Gardener. I N E S and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition, Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. 'THOMAS PERKINS and SONS, L 34. Drapery, Northampton, Have a large Stock of the following particularly well-grown and good roots : — ARTICHOKES. Globe. ACACIA, Common, 3 to 4 and 4 to 5 feet. ASH, Common, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, and 5 to 6 feet. ,, Mountain, 4 to 5. and 5 to 6 feet. BKKCH, Common. 1' to 2, 2 to 1. and :i tot feet. BLACKTHORN, a very large stock. (Samples free.) GORSE, Common, 1, 2, and 3-year. HORNBEAM, 2 to 3 feet. LABURNUMS. 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 feet. MAHONIA AQUIFOLIA, nice bushy stuff. PINUS AUSTKIACA, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. „ LARICIO, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. POPLARS, in variety. 8 to 10, and 10 to 12 feet. PRIVET, Evergreen. 2± to 3J feet. SYCAMORE. 2 to 3 feet. THORN QUICKS, for Hedges, several millions. (Samples free. I LAURELS. Cauca-sica. 2 to 3 feet. ., ROTUNDIFOLIA, 1£ to 2, and 2 to 3 feet. „ Portugal, 1 to ]£. 1J to 2, and 2 to 2J feet. YEWS. English, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 teet. ,, Irish, 2 to 3 feet. Special Prices on application. Telegrams—" PARAGON. Northampton " The New Early Dessert Apple. COOLING'S BEAUTY OF BATH should be added to every Collection. It is the best flavoured and handsomest early Apple yet introduced, and will be indis- pensable as an early dessert fruit when it becomes known. Strong Maiden Trees, 2s. 6rf. each, 21 1. per dozen ; 2-yr. Trees, 3s. 6rf. each. 36s. per dozen ; Pyramids, 5s. each ; Dwarf- trained, 7s. 6rf. each. Full description free by post GEORGE COOLING and SONS. The Nurseries. Bath. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE will be pleased to • give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. JM ^r,^ ONIFERS and SHRUBS.— Abies Douglasii, 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100 ; 6 to 7 ft., 70s. per 100 ; Araucaria imbricata, 2 to 2£ ft., 20s. per doz.; 3 to3| ft. 36s. per doz.; 4 ft., 48s. per doz. ; Cupreous Lawsoniana, 2 ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 3£ ft., 32s. perlOD; 5ft., 50s. per 100 ; Cupressus erectaviridis, 1£ to 2 ft., 30s. per 100 ; 3 ft.. 40s. per 100 ; Picea Nordmanniana, 3 ft., 12s. per doz. ; Retinospora plumosa, 1± ft., 25s. per 100; 3 to 3£ ft., fine, 50s. per 100; R. squarrosa, 1£ to 2 ft., 32s. per 100; Thuia Lobbii, 3 to 4 ft., 30s. per 100; 4 to 5 ft., 50s. per 100; T. dolabrata, 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 4 ft., extra, 36s. per doz.; Berberis Aquifolium, 2 ft., 12s. per 100; Box trees, 2 to 3 ft., 20s. per 100 ; Japan Box, 12 inch, 12s. per 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii, 3 to 4 ft., 16s. per 100; Sea Buck- thorn, 12 to 15 inch, 8s. per 100; Escallonia macrantha, pots, strong, 24s. per 100 ; Laurels, common, 2 to 3 ft., 12s. per 100; L. Colchiaca, 3 to 3£ ft., 20s. per 100; L. caucasicum, 3 to 3£ ft., 20s. per 100; L. rotundifolia, 2 ft., 16s. per 100; Rhododendron ponticum, 1£ to 2 ft., 30s. per 100; 2 to 2£ ft., 40s. per 100; 4 ft. buds, 100s. per 100 ; R. hybrida, 2 to2ift., 60s. per 100; 4 ft., 120s. per 100. Special pries per 1000. GARLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. UORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' J- FLOWERS for 1890— (116 pages). Is the Largest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Florists' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mass of other useful information indispensable to all who would excel in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the hands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. THE BEST EXHIBITION CUCUMBER. CARTERS' MODEL Continues to be Invincible WINS FIRST PRIZES IN ALL . IMPORTANT CONTESTS. Price, in Sealed Packets, 2 6 and 3 6, post-free. ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANT, 237 238 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. SARRACENIAS. QEVERAL SPECIMEN PLANTS, O best varieties, in splendid condition. Particulars on application for Cash, or EXCHANGE for ORCHIDS. A. J. A. BRUCE, The Nurseries, Chorlton-cuni-Hardy, Manchester. EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED to CULTURE of ORCHIDS PALMi, and FERNS. The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of 313.000 feet. Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering Plants in variety. Ornamental Foliaged Plants, Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Roes. Shrubs, &o. Inspection of the Stock Invited. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, and BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD. KELWAY'S COLD MEDAL (PS» SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI. P.EONIES, PYRETHRUMS, GAILL4RDI4S *•-■——• : DELPHINIUMS, &c. CATALOGUES now ready, gratis and post-free, containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our Specialties for 1*90, and everything needful for the Garden. LANGPORT, SOMBRSET. JOSIAH H. BATH offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS : — Old Ashleaf Vicar of Laleham Rivers' Royal do. Fortyfold Myatt's Prolific do. Imperator Snowdrop Kidney Magnum Bonum White Elephant Early Rose Beauty of Hebron Regent Snowflake Schoolmaster And other leading varieties. Prices on application to — 1, York Street, Borough Market, S.E. Trade Offer. ARECA LUTESCENS, 60's, 24 inches, five and six leaves, 75s. per 100. COCOS WEDDELIANA, 60's, 76s. and 100s. per 100 ; ditto, 9 inches, 25s. per 100. CORYPHA GEBUNGA, three leaves, 50s. per 100. KENTIA, thumbs, two and three leaves, 75s. per 100. LATANIA, tiO's, 50s. per 100 ; ditto, thumbs, 20s. per 100. PHCENIX RUPICOLA, two and three leaves. 45s. per 100 ; ditto. SANDER1I, tiO's, six leaves, 75;. per 100, good stuff. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 60's, six leaves, 18 inches, 60s. per 100; ditto, thumbs, three leaves, 12 inches, 20s. per 100. isolations given on application for larger sized Palms. WILLIAM 1CETON, Nurseryman and Florist, Putney Park- Lane, Putney, S.W. Telegrams— Boehampton. GEORGE COOPER, Seedsman, Bedford. Special offer. Terms, cash : — BEANS, Dwarf French, Ne Plus Ultra ... 16s. Off. per bushel. „ „ Canadian Wonder 13s. Od. „ ,, Early Longpod 5s. Qd. ,, PEAS, Leicester Defiance 10s. Od. „ Ne Plus Ultra 12s. Od. BEET, Nuttings, Dwarf Red, improved... Is. 6brids, in sizes from 4 to 6 inches to 3 feet, about lOU.ilOO. HOLLIES, Common LAURELS. Portugal LAURELS, English YEWS. CUPRESSUS RETINOSPORA, AZALEAS, 200,000 strong 4-yr. and 5-yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and particulars apply to f lie Nurseries, Millou and Wetley Moor, Stoke on-Trent. " Now is the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, and having been grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. EGONTAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. 6rf. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to42s. pier doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz.; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS, Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E. USIRALIAN SEEDS. LUCERNE. GRASS SEEDS. PEAS of sorts, PALMS, EUCALYPTI, CYCADS. CASUARINA. See., Seeds and Plants. We shall be pleased to quote Purchasers at any time. Bank Drafts must in all cases accompany orders. Offers of Sole Agencies for Seedsmen's Sundries, Utensils, &c, ■»ted. STEPHENSON AND JOHNSON, Seed Growers and Merchants, 9, King Street. W.. Sydney. N.S.W. Febbuart 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS7 CHRONICLE, 223 TREES for IMMEDIATE EFFECT.— -L P. J. PERRY offers the following, all fine TREES, well rooted, and quite safe for removal : — Sycamore, 14 to 16 feet ; Alder, 11 to 18 feet ; Broad-leaved English Yews. 5 to tj feet ; English Elm, 10 to Hfeet; Irish Yews, 5 to 6 feet ; Spruce Fir, 1 to 5 feet, &c. Standard and Half-staudard Gold and Silver Hollies; ditto. Green Hollies, 1 to 5 feet, &c. A few strong- trained Peaches and Nectarines on Stocks, 2^ to 3| feet. Special Low Prices quoted on application. — The Nurseries, Banbury. Fine Strong and Healthy Plants of EUCHARIS AMAZONICA, in 10-inch pots, and coming into bloom ; also ARUMS, and IMANTO- PHYLLUM MINIATUM. offered in EXCHANGE for PALMS. CARNATIc INS. CAMELLIAS, or cash. Price on application. P. K. DAVIDSON. Iweme House, Blandfnrd, Dorset. Select Strain of EAST LOTHIAN STOCKS, carefully saved from pot plants, Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, and White Wallflower-leaved, Is., 2s. id., and 5s. per packet. IRELAND AST) THOMSON, Seed Merchants, 81, Princes Street, Edinburgh. R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful • BEGONIAS. The beat Hlustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. BegODias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double and Single. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. To the Trade 'surplus). WM. BAYLOR HAKTLAND offers the following from SEEDS, Crop 1889 :— AQUILEGIA. Muustead White. . AURICULA alpina, &c. ) A CHIONODOXA LUCILLE. go .. SARDENSIS. I "-B PRIMULA OBCONICA, fine selected. [ .2-2 PRIMROSE, yellow BEACONSFIELD, fine large strain. &% POPPIES, Snowdrift and Mikado. I a DAFFODILS from his celebrated collection. J *,* DAFFODILS, Cut Blooms of Ard Righ, per 1000 from open ground. Seed Warehouse, 34, Patrick Street, Cork. ED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well-rooted plants. APPLES. Pyramid, good BOrts, 5 1o! feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, fine trees, 6 to 9 feet. STKAW11KRRY PLANTS. Vicomtesse HericartdeThurv. Stirling Castle. — TODDINGTON ORCHARD CO., Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. UOR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS, in 3-inch X. pots, at 7l. per 100; .'i'JO Store pits, 40 to .ill Cuttings, well-rooted, in .S-incli pots, £1 per score. Cash with Order. T. BALDWIN and SON, Edith Nursery, Bur. hall Road, Leyton. STANDARD ROSES. — W. RUMSKY can still supply fine Home-grown Standard and Half-stand ird ROSES. Priced De-. riptive CATALOGUE free. Trade prices on application. — Joyntaga Nurseries, Waltham Ore GERANIU M CUTTINGS, F. V. Raspail, tine-t double scarlet, good cuttings, 4«.tS'/. per 100; 10s, p i i CHRYSANTHEMUM Madame Desgrange cuttings. .'It. M. per 100, Cash. crane am. CLARKE. Hillside Nurseries, March, Cambs. JAMES BIRD, American Nurseries, Down- ham, offers the following : — BOX Green. 2 to 3 feet, 30s. per 100; 0UPRE3SU8 LAW- SONII STRICTA. ft to (1 feet. Ins. per do/.-n ; CEDRUS ATLANTICA.2 to 3 feet, 18j. per do/cn ; c'EDKI's DEODARA, 2 to 3 feet, 12s. per dozen; PINUS CKVIHRA, il to 8 feet, 26». per dozen; PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 1| to 2J feet, lus-. and 12s. per dozen; RETINOSPORA FII.IFKRA. i to I feet, 24 per dozen; ditto. PISIFERA. 3 to I feet, 18s. per dozen; BHO DODENDRON HYBRIDS and PONTICI'M. 2 to 2j feet, SO per 100; ditto, own roots, named -sirts, J. B.'t select - tc 3 feet, 24s. per do/en ; YEW. Irish. 3 to I feel . I - . ; HOLLY. Common. 2 to 2J feet. 40s. per 100; LAUREL CAU- CASUS'M. -' to 3 feet, 25s. |>'r 100 ; ditto. Common. . 20s. per 100; ditto. ROTUNDIFOLIA, 25s. per |.H; I.AVKN DER, Bu*hy, 1 to 2 feet. Is. to Bf. per .In/en ; Apple J B.'s selection. 60s. per 100; Rear-. Standard*. .1. H. - -de. tiou, 15s. per down, 100s. per 100 ; RIU'HARH. -trong, 7s. per dozen, 60s. per 100; Walnuts, 10 t>> 12 feet, 36s, i*t dozen; BOS1 3, Dwarf, J. B.'s selection, 6s. per dozen; IVY. Irish, In pots, i to .', feet, 7s. per dozen, Ifij. per 100; ALDER, i to 5 per 1000; El, Ms, Chichester, grafted 9 to 12 feet, 75s. p.r 100; ditto, Wyi h, 9 to 12 feet, 60s. per urn . CHESTNU I', ii i 10 to 12 feet, 60s. 100 ; Limes. 6 to 8 feet, lm. to 12s. i. ,6s. per 100; C NEASTER SIMONSII, 1 to 6 feet, I , t dozen, 28s. per 100; Dogwood, Bed, 4 to i per 100; PLANES. 8 to 10 feet, 18s. per 100; PAMPAS GRASS, I . per dozen., 25s. per 100; TRITOMA I i ARM GLAUCA, Is. perdozen, 35 per ; BEECH, Purple, 8 to 10 feet. 24s. per dozen; LARCH, 2 t.. 3 feet, 32s. td. pel 1000; PINUS LABICIO, 2 to 3 feet, 17<- td. per loo. 150s. per 1000. STRONG FOREST TREES, &c. ALDER. 4 to 5 feet, and 5 to 6 feet. ASH. -' toil feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to S feel ., Mountain, ,'J to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feel . BEECH, 3 to 3 feet, 3 to 1 feet. 4 to 5 feel, and 8 to M feet. BIRCH. 2( to i feet. 3 to 4 feet, and I to ft feel ELM, Wych, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, and 9 to 8 feel FIR. Austrian, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 1 to 5 leet . .. LABICIO. 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 1 ie.. . Scotch, 14 to 2 feet, 2 tO.Hfeet. and 2} 1 0 .. Bpi ... e, H to 2 feet. 2 to 2J feet, and t% to 3 feel i.ii'' ft, li to 3 feet. ?} to 3 feet, and 3 to i fi OAK, I ngll h, tolfe'et, and 4 to 5 feel PRIVET, I ommon, 2J to 8 feet, and 3 to Ifeet. ., i.v W.n m.IA, 2 to2j feet, :•' to Ifei i I to 3j feet. All these different sizes, are stout, good, well-rooted plants, «i. 1 i lie ;,n< e-, 1 1 noted wili be very leasonable in order to lear. JOHN HILL. Spot Acre Nurseries, near Stone, Staffordshire. CANNELL'S BEGONIAS. Surely It is better to quote the opinion oi others than to sound one's own trumpet. We thus append the f llowlng extracts : - At the Royal Botanic— The T,„,es says: "Someof Messrs. ll's Double Begonias were 90 large and full, that they •liken for Roses At the same Show.— We [Umtratei London Nam says: "Messrs. Henry Cannell & Sons' group of Begonias showed quite a revolution in the development of this favourite flower, and well deserved the Medal awarded and Certificates for four new kinds." The Horticultural Times.— T. D. Lyox, Esq., says: "At Messrs. Cannell's Establishment alone in all England can Begonias be seen grown to perfection. With other collections of these families comparison* are odious." Come and see our (probah/y a Million) SEEDLINGS. H. CANNELL & SONS, SWANLEY, KENT. SEED POTATOS, Reduced.— A few tomTof Myatt'sand Rivers' Kidne; tos.£lperton,goodquaUty. o.uu.IK.s MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. FOK SALE, a .juantity of lar«.- I'M, MS, dth, from 8 to 12 feet high. Apply to — W. ALLEN, The Gardens, Swallow-field Park. Beading, Berks. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA. Good stufi In large Thumbs of this best market r.-rn, 12s, per 100. Cash with order. OiiU'l Ks AM, F.MBF.RSON, Comely Hank Nnr-cry. WaJthamStOW. To the Trade. I7EKNS FERNS FERNS.— In twenty mod 1 saleable sorts LDIANTUM OUNBATUM, POLYPO- DIIMS. OTBTOMItTMS, PTERIS, \ ...ii 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, lm other kinds from store.. . | . i i ,., 60s. per 1000.— J. SMITH. London IVrri Niir-.ne. ii... Loughborough Road. Brilton, 8.W, Seed Potatos for the Trade. CFIDLER holds the largest stocks of SEED • POTATOS tn tl ountr) . every a I rarietj in i iiltl ration, and Lower in Price than offered bv any other S 1 Potato Grower in England— Beading Omul. Beauty of Hebron. w Elephant, fmperator. The Daniel Rending Hem, rbe Bruce. Betiefael Abundance, Seedling, ReadTl &.C. Special Low l'rie.s fur any quantity upon application. i i IDLER, S. , i i: BARNES' RELIABLE SEEDS. Before obtaining your supply of See. is for the season BARNES' DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, rod Post free. Save 15 to IE par Cent l.y purchasing Best Quality dm v. J. E. BARNES, Seed-grower and 8eedsman, Exchange Street, Norwich. NEW SEED OF CUANTHUS DAMPIERI (STURT'S DESERT PEA of AUSTRALIA). In Trade PackeU, .. each, Fost-free. Bpecial Price fori irgi r [uantitles. E. & W. HACKEIT, Seedsmen, 13, Ri .sulk STREET, AD] LAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, 40* . per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40*. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5». id. per sack ; 8 sacks, 2ft«. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22J. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per b'lshel ; lij. p.-r hall ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bashel bags, id. each. YELT.OW FIBROUS LOAM. PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. td. p.-r sack. MANURES, HARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORKv TOBACCO CLOTH. RUSSIA MATS, &C. Write for Prico LLST.- H. O. SMYTH, F.R.H.S.. 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Laneilatelv called ITa, Coal Yard), W.C. S&~ CHOICE ORCHID PEAT. Prepared ready for use, free from all waste, 12a. per cask. Selected, in Turves, 10*'. per cask. Specially selected for HARDWOOD and STOVE PLANTS, 8s. per cask. For FERNS and GENERAL USE, from 5*. per cask. By the yard or truckload. Special Prices, Carriage raid to any Station. Splendid Yellow Fibrous Loam, F.O.K. Surrey, Us. per ton, in truckloads. BONES for VINE BORDERS, fresh, raw, crushed, i to \ inch Meal and Flour, Char- coal, Peat and Wood Ashes. WOOD & SON'S Prize Manures and other Specialties. Samples and Price List forwarded on application. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. ATIVE GUANO: Bust and Cheapest MAHURE for Garden u-e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £■! 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 45. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports . ■— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c— C. Fidler, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— " I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. \V. P. Talbot, says :-"Iean strongly recommend your Nai ive Guano as a first rate Manure for any fruits or kit.heu garden crops, also grass. In the.', rears during which I have freely used i t . I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Barley, used it for Roses., Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and Bays i— •' I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Baku. ih\ Royal Horticultural Society, says ;— ■' With- out doubt a very valuable M inure, and .asy of application." order, to the NATIVE GUANO Co., Limited. 29, Nev. Bridge Street. Blackfriars, London. B.C.. where Pamphlets Of ds, See., may be obtained. Agents wanted. BE E S O N ' S M A. N U It K— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Lending Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, is., 2s. 6 I'AI'Ki:, 1..-.I quality" s,/. per II..; X 14 1b. '.k.; do, FIBRE, i>i ii. ii stronger a„.i better, 9rf, peril..; Hlb.liK. ; do.. Curd. .'..('. per lb . 2Slb.,10s. 28 1b. carriage ji.ttd f.i ;mv -lit ...ti. Large red net ion to the trade. PEIRCE am. CO., st. Andrew's, Bristol. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greeuhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO.. Farnliorough, Hants. GARDEN REQUISITES, a Ml- ALS. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's speoial process), sacks, lf.4rf.eaeb; I0eacks,12s.6i.; ISaacks, 17s. 6d„ 20 sacks, 30 . IS sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; in sick., :i.y<. ; ...i sacks, 4i)s. ; Truck- 1. .n.l. loose, Ire.- on rail.SOs. Limited quantities of Q . ipeciaJ quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s, iW. each, GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. td. per sack . G sacks, 10 .. . BEST BROWN MBRIII'S I'K \T, .... per sack; 5 for !•-•<. il./. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. td. per sack ; ."> (or 20s. COARSE SILVER sand. I*. Da*, per bushel ; 14s. half ton; Ms.perton, Fellow Fibrous Loam, < '. -ui j ■■ .^t . Leaf and Pent Mould, U. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, 1«. porlb. S; inl . Manures, I'eni Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, virgin Cork, fco., ><■'■. Write for Price List. Terms ftrictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwail, London, E. Bankers Smith, Payne, § ■ III PEAT I!! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons, PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM. CoarBe and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. CHARCOAL, &.-. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREKS, CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS, &.. peatmoss LITTER. Special raUway rates. EPPS &CO., The Old established Peat Depot. Ringwo. ..1,11:, ills gENTLEY'S Insecticide. Mr. &. WYTHE9, SyOtt House, writes;— "Bentley'a insecticide is a greai saving pai;i others. We use it largely, and it m /< t fails fco thor6ughly eradii ate all inset i pests." Fox particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-liumbcr. HULL. '22 4 TEE GA Z? D ENE-R S' CHR 0 XI CL E. [Febbuabt 22, 1890. # r> ,%8£0- VEITCH'S FLOWER SEEDS, THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION. VEITCH'S COLLECTIONS of CHOICE FLOWER SEEDS in the Original Sealed Papers, as imported from the most celebrated Continental cultivators. LARGE-FLOWERING GERMAN TEN-WEEK STOCK. The most popular Stock in cultivation. Collection of 12 distinct colours . . . . 2s. 01. NEW ROBUST ROGKET TEN-WEEK STOCK. Of robust branching habit, bearing massive spikes of large double flowers. Collection of 8 distinct colours . , . . 2s. 6rf. GIANT PERFECTION TEN-WEEK STOCK. A beautiful class, of strong growth and pyramidal habit. Collection of 8 distinct cdours ,, . . 2s. 6d. DWARF CHRYSANTHEMUM ASTER. A magnificent variety, bearing enormous flowers. Collection if 12 distinct colours, separate, 2s. Od. VICTORIA ASTER. The finest Aster ; grand for exhibition. Collection of 12 distinct c lours, separate, 3s. Od. TRUFFAUT'S IMPROVED P/EONY PERFECTION ASTER. A splendid Incurved variety, of great size and symmetry. Collection of 12 distinct colours, separate, 2s. 6i. SCABIOUS. New Dwarf, 8 varieties . . Large-Jlowered, 8 varieties Is. Od. Is. Od. ANTIRRHINUMS. Assortment of 10 finest varieties, separate, 2>. Od. VEITCH'S SUPERB BALSAM. Collection of 8 beautiful colours .. , . 2s. 6d. DIANTHUS GHINENSIS. The finest and most beautiful varieties. Collection of 12 varieties, separate . . 2s. Od. DOUBLE HELICHRYSUMS. Beautiful Everlasting I lowers. Collection of 10 splendid varieties. . . . 2s. Od. LARKSPURS. Double Dwarf Rocket Hyacinth-flowered. 10 distinct varieties, separate . . . . 2s. Od. VEITCH'S SUPERB PETUNIAS Assortment of 10 finest large-flowering varieties, separate . . . . . . 2s. Od. PHLOX DRUMMONDI CRANDIFLORA. Assortment of 12 brightest and most f Finest Double- flowered, mt, distinct colours, 2s. Od. distinct colours .. .. .. 2s. Od. Finest Singlc-Jlowcred, in 6 distinct colours, Is Oi. VEITCH'S SUPERB ZINNIAS. Eor full descriptions of the above and other Choice Novelties and Specialties, see SEED CATALOGLE for 1890, forwarded (iratis and Post-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, royal exotic nurseries, CHELSEA, S.W. Febbuaby 22, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 225 HARTLANDS GOLDEN QUILLED SUNFLOWER, "SOLEILD'OR" William Baylor Hartland submits the following relative to the merits of this plant. He has no other means than with such tes- timony of adding force to what has already been written on the subject. There is no doubt the Irish variety is quite distinct from that known in England, and he is sincerely obliged to Messrs. Pearson, Backhouse, Payne, and Cullingford for what they have written him on the subject. *#* Strong Plants (Orders now in strict rotation), |2s. per dozen ; |s. 3d. each- Dozen lots post-free. Single plants 3d. extra for postage. Trade Terms on application. " Your Soleil d'Ur Sunflower is certainly per- fectly distinct from the ordinary form grown in this country, and is, we think, rather richer in colour. It will be a decided acquisition to our English gardens. "A. and C. PEABSON, " Chilwell Nurseries, Notts." " We like your Soleil d'Or Sunflower very much. It is now in flower, much in advance of the ordinary form. "JAMES BACKHOUSE and SONS, " Nurseries, York.'' " Your box of Soleil d'Or Sunflower blooms to hand. 1 am much obliged for your sending them. Several of the biooms are much finer than the drawing or illustration you publish, and they form a really attractive and agreeable vaseful. "C. HARM AX PAYNE, " Thorn Boad, South Lambeth, London, S.W." "Bear Mr. Hartland, — I am writing to tell you how very pleased I am with your quilled herbaceous Sunflower. I have grown nearly all the varieties of Sunflowers for many years, but of all the double flowers I consider this the very best. — Yours truly, " W. II. ('[ I.I.INOFOBB, " Earl's Court, Tunbridge Wells, London." *.* The plant has also been sent to Kew and Chiswick Gardens for trial, and PRONOUNCED ttUITE DISTINCT. *,* Year Book of Seed* for 1800, note ready. M. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Garden and Seed Warehouse, 24, PATRICK STREET, CORK. WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAIN OF PRIMULA IS THE BEST, AND HAS SECURED NUMEROUS GOLD MEDALS IN EXHIBITIONS, BOTH AT HOME AND ABBOAB. EVIDENCE OF QUALITY. From Mr. Ml NTZ, The Gardens, Xorth- land*, Winchester : — " I took First Prize at our Winchester Show, in 1889, wiih Primulas grown from your celebrated strain in various (las^.s ; the entries were numerous, from 20 to 30 competing. My exhibits were greatly admired Oil account of the superiority of the strain." FWroi Mr. R. WELLER, The Gardens, Qlenstal, Ireland:— "I have had wonderful success with your seeds. Primula, in par- ticular, has beaten all others in the county." From Messrs. B. and J. FABQUHAB, Boston, U.S.A. : — " Your Primulas have given good satisfaction. The results haw been most favourable, consequently Williams' strains are much called for." For further particulars, sec Illustrated SEED CATALOGUE for 1890, Gratis and Post-free on application- B.S.WILLIAMS&SON UPPER HOLLO WAY, LONDON .N. As a Supplement TO THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE FOR Ne x t We c 7c, 31 a rch 1 , WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph OF Cypripedi um Spicerianum AND Cypripedium Morgan je x. THE SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 22, 1890. FRAGRANCE IN FERNS. 4 T a recent meeting of the Boyal Botanio -^*- Society, Begent's Park, the Secretary, Mr. Sowerby, drew attention to the fragrant odour emitted by dried leaves of Polypodium (l)rynaria) Wildenovii, an odour resembling that of fresh hay, and which tho leaves retained for many months after being dried. Mr. Sowerby thought the plant might be grown as a source of perfume by amateurs. A plant of this Polypodium was obtained for Kew from Mr. Sowerby. It is not, however, P. Wildenovii, a species not in cultivation so far as I know, but the well-known P. Phymatodes, of which we have many large examples at Kew, and the fragrance of which has long been known. The fronds are used by the South Sea Islanders for perfuming Cocoa-nut oil. About live years ago, a living plant and some dried fronds of this species were presented to Kew by Mr. Collins, of the Strand, who stated that the fronds were employed in his house for placing amongst clothing, &c, to which they imparted an agreeable and lasting perfume. I have the dried leaves still, and they are as fragrant now as when I received them. The odour is exactly like that of the Tonquin Bean, Dipterix odorata, used for scenting snuff and other forms of Tobacco. Specimens of P. Phymatodes, which have been in the Kew Herbarium nearly thirty years, are very perceptibly fragrant now, notwithstanding the strong dressing of corrosive sublimate which they have received. An allied species, viz., 1'. nigrescens, proves quite as fragrant when dried; and a third one, also closely allied to P. Phymatodes, viz., P. pustulatum, a native of New Zealand, is even more fragrant than these. The natives of New Zealand employ the fronds of this species to scent their oil and food. In the Daihi 'Sens for last Saturday there is a letter from a correspondent who has resided in the North West Provinces of India, where, he states, the fronds of P. normale are gathered and placed in rooms for the sake of their delicious hay-like scent. He also states that " it is, of course, the naked seeds at the back of the strap-shaped 226 THE GARDENERS* CII1WNICLE. [Febijoary 22, 1890. leaves, which, being ripe at that season, give out the sweet smell which floats on the air in the golden pollen-like particles." For one who begins by sneering at the Royal Botanic Society for its want of knowledge on the subject of sweet-scented Ferns, the belief that the fragrance is caused by the pollen-like particles is amusing. Certainly the spores have nothing to do with it, barren and young fronds being quite as fragrant as the fertile ones. There is no fragrance from these Phymatodes Polypodiums unless the leaves are dried or drying. The odour appears to be due to the presence of numerous oil glands in the fronds. Evidently the leader writers for the London daily papers are unacquainted with the several native species of Fern, the fragrance of which is well known. The scent of hay is so marked in Nephrodium (Lastrea) oemulum, that it is com- monly known as the Hay-scented Buckler Fern, and one of its synonyms, viz., N. fcenisecii, Lowe, means " hay-cutter." N. montanum emits, when bruised, a lemon-like odour, which is due to the presence of numerous minute glands on the under-surface of the fronds. N. fragrans, a native of the North Temperate zone, but not British, has a strong primrose-like odour, both when green and when dried, herbarium specimens retaining the fragrance for many years. It is stated that, in Siberia, a decoction of the leaves of this species is a pleasant substitute for tea. N. odoratum, a widely distributed plant, has a pungent mustard-like odour and taste. A common plant in gardens, and represented by large tufts in the Temperate-house at Kew, is N. patens, a species similar to N. molle, and almost as widely distributed, and which emits when bruised a strong odour suggestive of very ripe Apples. Dicksoniapuncti- loba, a North American plant, is known in Ken- tucky as the Sweet-smelling Fern, on account of the fragrance of its fronds. Probably there are many other species possessed of fragrance; those here mentioned are, however, all that are known at Kew. The economic properties of Ferns are few and unimportant. A few are of medicinal value; the Sago-like pith of Cyathea medullaris affords an article of food to the natives of New Zealand ; the tubers of Neprolepis tuberosa are eaten in Nepaul as we eat Potatos. The Bracken of our commons and woods is perhaps the most useful of all ; its fronds are burnt for the sake of the alkali of their ash, which is used in soap and glass-making ; the rhizomes are used as food, and the young fronds when boiled are said to be as delectable as Asparagus. Helminthostachys zezlanica in Ceylon, and Botrychium virginicum in New Zealand and Northern India are eaten in the same way. The prevalent belief with regard to the name " Maidenhair " for Adiantum is, that the fronds are hair-like in their drooping elegance and lightness. According to J. Smith, however, this name " is derived from the circumstance of a syrup being prepared from A. Capillus-veneris, and which is known in commerce as Capillaire ; it is slightly odoriferous, or made so by the addition of orange-flower water, and is used by women for dressing their hair, and for promoting its growth." A. pedatum is similarly employed in North America. A plant in gardens under the name of A. fragrantissimum is reputedly fragrant, but we ca not detect any odour in the example of it at Kew. I find that the fronds of the hay-scented Poly- podiums, when cut and placed in a room, give off a most agreeable fragrance, and on this account alone they deserve to take rank with Rosemary, the petals of Roses, and Lavender, so well known as ingredients in Pot-Powri. W. Watson. Roses. THE PRUNING OF HARDY ROSES. Amono the various special prunings of semi- tender and show Roses, there is considerable danger that the art of pruning hardy ones will be scamped or unlearned. Various causes work in this direction — such as the few hardy Roses grown, doubts as to the wisdom orneed of pruning them, and uncertainty as to the time and extent of such pruning. Most true rosarians deeply regret the decline of hardy Roses. True, most of these bloomed hut once a year ; but then they did flower well once, and that is more than can be said of a good many of their successors, though it may also be said of them that few modern Roses have ever exceeded the older hardy ones in colour and fragrance. The Rose Conference at Chiswick will not have been held in vain if it brings about a rcnaissince of the older and hardier Roses. It has already done so, and probably never within the last half century have so many of these Roses been sold as during the planting season now drawing to a close. Hence, in the near future cultivators are likely to have more hardy Roses to prune, and it becomes, therefore, of more practical importance to know how to do it. Like the pruning of almost all Roses, the matter resolves itself into the two opposite extremes of hard or short, or long prunings to cut back to one or three buds, or to leave from six to a dozen, and both may be best, according to circumstances and sorts. For example, the common Moss, white, and other Provence, bloom most perfectly cut back hard and close. This not only limits the sizes of the plants to the convenient size of squat bushes for bed or border, but results in blooms of great perfection, and probably abnormal colour and fragrance. . Hence while mere perfection of bloom and limitation of area are the chief objects, hard pruning is best. But hardy Roses have an important place in the landscape, as well as in the flower-bed or border, and used for several purposes, probably the less they are pruned the better. The less pruned, the more picturesque hardy Roses as rough ramblers, bushes, masses, or trees become. There are those that contend that Roses must be pruned ; that if not pruned by art, Nature takes the process into her own hands, by starving down the tops to artificial dimensions. The process proceeds somewhat as follows :— The less the tops are pruned, the less vigorously they grow ; simultaneously with this reduced vigour of crown, there are mostly developed suckers from the roots or root-stocks, or near the base of the stronger shoots or stems. These cut otT the supplies from all portions of the Rose tree or bush at a higher altitude, and the Rose is pruned by the compound process of depletion and exhaustion. This brings us to our last point— the extent and time of pruning our hardy Roses. The extent may vary from the hard and fast pruning of dwarf hardy Roses to a few buds, to pruning of different lengths, ending in the prune not at all of the landscape artist. And it must be confessed that the latter results infilling in the landscape with some of its richest furniture. Who that has seen the common Sweet Briar, or Dog Rose, or Garden Rambler, or fast-growing Ayrshire Noisette, or other vigorous growing Rose planted in rich soil, with room for development, left wholly unpruned, will ever forget the prodigal harvest of grace and beauty that have resulted from simply giving Nature her head. Many of the more vigorous hybrid perpetuals, hybrid climbers, Bourbons, and more vigorous Teas and Noisettes are equally admirable, when left almost as wild and free. Had standard Roses been given their heads more freely, they might still have been counted by thousands in gardens, where hundreds or tens barely rear their heads to-day. Close pruning converted their possibilities of picturesque beauty into formal masses, while the hard pruning indulged in reconciled them totheirscarecrowdeformityaswell as deprived them of the power of outgrowing it — and yet the tall stems endowed standard Roses with coigns of vantage from which the more effectively to display their picturesque beauty. Nearly all that was needed to reap such charming results in quantity, sufficient to transform thousands of gardens, was to let the Roses have their heads and leave them severely alone. But from the day that standard Roses were hard pruned for show blooms, their days were numbered as objects of art, for stift'ness and ugliness could hardly be pushed further among Roses than the setting of these shoots — two buds long each on the top of stems from 3 to 5 feet high in the sight of heaven and earth. As to the tini3 of pruning hardy Roses, the earlier after the fall of the leaf the better. If the leaf does not fall so soon after the fall of the leaves of Gooseberries and Currants, the better. In our first prunings of hardy Roses, the pruning followed hard in the wake of these, and we have never seen finer Moss, Provence, Damask, Cabbage, Maiden's Blush, nor other hardy Roses than those that were always pruned before the close of the year, D. T. F. TONGUES IN TREES. (Concluded from p. 40). There's Wit in every Flower, if Thou canst Gather it. We can do no more than hint at the rich store of literary allusion to our wild flowers which abounds in all English poets, and the beautiful thoughts suggested to many ol them by some par- ticular plant. It would be pleasant to quote Chaucer's lines upon the Daisy, Herrick's on the Daffodil, Burns' on the Dog-rose, Shelley's on the Sensitive Plant, Southey's on the Holly, Words- worth's on the Lesser Celandine, Longfellow's on the Compass Plant, Crabbe's on the "grave flora" of the Suffolk Fens; to cite volume upon volume of Elizabethan and of later days ; to enumerate and discuss the flowers with which Ben Jonson bids " strew, strew the smiling ground ; " the " pretty paunce and cherisaunce " of Spenser ; the quaint enamelled eyes that decked the laureat hearse of Lyculas ; the " silver globes of Gueldres Rose " which won the heart of Cowper ; the slight Harebell which raised its head uncrushed by the airy tread of Ellea Douglas ; poor love-lorn Wilfrid's exquisite song of the Cypress wreath in Rokeby Hall ; Ten- nyson's " Laburnums, dropping wells of fire ; " or the slender Galingale, which bordered the meadows of the lotus-eaters. We should like to recall the lessons of natural theology which Paley drew from the "little spiral body of the Dodder seed ; " of the ' star-shaped shadow " of the Daisy which Archer Butler showed to Wordsworth ; of the ecstacy with which Linnajus, when he first saw the wild Broom in flower, " knelt before it on the sod, for its beauty thanking God." Above all should we delight to turn the floral page of Shakspeare : to read of the grey discrowned head of Lear wreathed with "rank fumiters and furrow-weeds;" of Perdita at the shearing-feast disparaging the streaked Gillyflowers as " Nature's bastards ; " of poor distraught Ophelia distributing her Rosemary and herb of grace; of Oberon telling Puck how Love-in-Idleness was purpled with Love's wound; of Titania gaily en- twining the female Ivy and sweet Honeysuckle round the sleek smooth ass's head of Bottom ; of Helena and Hermia, " a double Cherry seeming parted, two lovely Cherries moulded on one stem." We should lay on those who read a spell mightier than we can forge ourselves ; we should invoke allies before whom all bow as the source of intellectual happiness and growth; proclaiming that the most creative minds have drawn nutriment from these tenants of our hedgerows and hillsides, and that the knowledge of their lore helps us in its turn to interpret the sweet thoughts and apt illustrations of the poets they delighted and inspired. The Rolling Year is full of Thee. Yet let us not forget, in our enjoyment, poetical Febbtuby 22, 1850.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 227 or scientific, the simple pleasures, yielded at once to the accomplished botanist and to the less educated but not less observant wanderer through hedgerow, field, and garden, by the mere annual reappearance of their favourites with each returning month. The daughters of the year, One after one, through that still garden passed ; Each garlanded with her peculiar flower, Danced into light, and died into the shade. As January draws to a close, and the days begin to lengthen, the sharp green spikes of the wild Arum push through last year's leaves ; and, in the warmer garden beds, or, if our lot be cast in south-western England, in the deep overgrown ravine-like ditches, the Snowdrop peeps out of the softened ground. In February come the Primrose, the wild Strawberry, the Violet, the Chickweed, and the crimson stigmas of the Hazel. In late March the meadows are filled with Daffodils and Cowslips, the fallows yellow with Coltsfoot ; the Willows get out their long soft cat- kins for Palm Sunday decoration ; while the Lesser Celandine and blue Germander, with the slender stalks and star-like blossoms of the Stichwort, light up the hedgebanks, and the Golden Saxifrage chokes the brooks. In April comes the burst of Blackthorn with its keen east winds (the Blackthorn winter, they call it in the Midlands), the pastures brighten- ing with the Mirsh Marigold and Cuckoo-flower; Ferns uncrumpling in the sheltered lanes, amid Ground Ivy, Wood Anemone, Wood Spurge, Blue- bell, Bigle, Deadnettle, Weaselanont, Jack-by-the- hedge, Herb Robert, Lords and Ladies. In May we have the early Orchis, Moondaisy, Goatsbeard, Ragged Robin ; the hedges bright with Elderbloom and Hawthorn ; tall Hemlock shooting up side by side with Cowparsnip, Campion, Foolsparsley. Open- ing June dismisses from our garden the last remain- ing loveliness of Laburnum, Lilac, and Horsechestnut ; its close brings on the "high midsummer pomp " of Carnation and gold-dusted Snapdragon, and Stocks and Sweet William and Jessamine and Roses, fills the fields with St. Johnswort and Yarrow, an 1 Milkwort and S'lfheal, and Birdsfoot Trefoil and Agrimony, and Vetchling and Yellow Bedstraw and Black Knap- weed ; the fences with Gueldres Rose, Mealtree, Honeysuckle, Privet, Bryony. With July the year is on the turn ; in early August pods and leaves begin to take the place of flowers ; the small short clustering carpeting blooms g've way to the coarse straggling Henbanes and Ragworts, and Hemp Agrimonies and Woodsages ; the great blue trusses of the tufted Vetch, and the pure white trumpets of the Bindweed, take possession of the hedges ; the yellowing sagittate leaves of the Blackbryony and the scarlet berries of the Mountain Ash warn us that Autumn is beginning. Late September marks the closing scene. The flowers are few and far between : Our heart is sick and our whole soul grieves At the moist rich smell of the rotting leaves ; but splendid colours bejewel and gild the forest trees : — O'er the leaves, before they fall, Such hues hath Xature thrown. That the woods wear on sunless days) A sunshine of their own ; but the Ivy bloom is crowded with bees, flies, moths; the Iluels put forth clusters ruddy-brown as those with which the satyr wooed the faithful shepherdess; the Arum thrusts its poisonous brilliant fruit between the mats of dying grass ; and the meadows which slope upwards from the brooks are blue with the flowers of the Colchicum. Qc.i; sr.\nsA alii scitirsEnn koo cakmina necto. Not because our subject is exhausted, but for fear our readers should become so, we bring our flower sermon to a close. May we hope that we have jus- tified our text, have proved that there are " Tongues in Trees." Tongues vocal with historical no less than mythical antiquity, tongues prating of curious folk-lore, revealing scholarly secrets, commemorating forgotten customs, lighting up poetic pages ; eloquent finally with truths of design and natural selection, adapted change and imperious organic force ; extending the habit of intimacy into the sense of brotherhood ; elevating into unconscious devotion each fresh discovery and each new experience ; exalting fellowship with Nature's moods and rever- ence for her works, into abiding filial homage to that creative source of Nature, " who bringeth forth grass for the cattle and green herb for the service of men." W. Tuckwett, Stockton Rectory, Rughy. New or Noteworthy Plants. PilAL.-EN'Ol'SlS x CYNTHIA. There appear to be other plants in existence so near to the one described by me on p. 132, that they will have to come under the same name. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, have sent two flowers which quite agree in shape, though they are a little smaller, paler in colour, and with only a few of the light red spots near the base of the front lobe of the lip. In fact, they agree well in colour with P. x leu- corrhoda, at least with the paler forms of it, two of which were also ssnt for comparison. The essential difference of P.xCynthiais this, that although an undoubted naturil hybrid, it has the remarkable anchor-shaped tendrils of P. Schilleriana, while P. x leucorrhoda and P. X casta, both from the same parents, have the long and slender tails of P. Aphro- dite (amabilis of gardens). Judging from what is known of the behaviour of reversed crosses between the same two parents, it seems possible that P.xCynthia may hive resulted from a reversed cross. A carefully conducted experiment on this point would be of great interest. Tbichopilia punctata, Ri'tfc, n.sp* A graceful and very singular little Trichopilia has just been received from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, which seems quite distinct from any described species, and for which the above name is therefore proposed. It is remarkable for having both sepals and petals stud led with numerous red- dish-purple spots — a character which I do not as yet find recorded for the genus. \lr. Sander writes that it was imported from Costa Kica. R. A. Rolfc. A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. As a practical gardener who has travelled a little, kindly allow me to add my mite to the discussion consequent on the issue of Mr. Dyer's papers. Mr. Dyer is modest enough to state that botany — an exponent of which I take him to be a shining light — affords but a very insecure guide to horticultural practice. To this I say no ; for what better foun- dation can a practical gardener have to work upon than a general knowledge of botany, geographical, economic, and structural, and, with a fair under- standing of these different branches, his success in his business should be comparatively easy, his prac- tical skill, as a matter of course, being attained by the only way of serving a lengthened term in some good gardens under the tuition of men who are masters of their profession. * Tho pseudobulb seat is elliptical, much compressed, with two sharp angles, 1J Inches long by 1 inch broad. Leaf nar- rowly elliptical-oblong, sub-acute, 3; inches long by 1 inch brand. Iticeme sub-erect, 4 inches long, with three (lowers. Bracts sheathing bel?\v, linear-oblong, obtuse, J inch long. Pedicel with ovary, 1 Inch long. Sepals and petals sub- conntrent. narrowly lanceolate, sub-acute, 1 inch long, very pale green, with numerous redtish-purple spots, those on the petals a little paler than the others. Lip oblong, nearly equalling the other segments, the siile-lot.es embracing the column; front lobe truncate, slightly undulate, greenish-white, keel solitary, promioent in centre of lip, and extending in a faint line to base. Column $ inch long, green, fimbriate at back, wings fleshy, entire. It is allied to T. laia, perhaps better known in gardens as Tilumna laxa, which it much resembles in habit. The name is given in allusion to the spotted perianth. There is alreadyaT. maculata, Rchb. f., but the spots of this are in the leaves, not in the segments of the flower, Nearly every one who has travelled is aware that Orchids, Ericaceous plants, Ferns, Composites, and many others flourish much better in this country under garden treatment than wild in their native habitat. But why? Given the same amount of care and attention, practical knowledge, regular attendance in the way of temperatures, application of moisture, fertilising elements, and, in most cases, the shelter of glass structures, there is no reason to suppose that they should not flourish equally as well in the land to which they are indigenous. Take, for instance, the Crotons. During my travels I noticed a church near Popleam's Broadway, in Madras, in the grounds of which these plants luxuriated in endless variety treated as pot-plants, exceeding in colouring as they equalled in growth any that are to be seen at our horticultural exhibi- tions at home, and produced under the most skilful management; here the temperature which is, of course, the chief element of success, generally exceeds 00° in the shade for the larger part of the year, and is seldom below 70° at night. Optically, Mr. Dyer says, plants do not differ from each other as regards the protoplasm consti- tuting their life essence ; this being the case, the more reason, I think, that we should kn >w where they come from, and, if possible, under what con- ditions they existed when discovered, in order to form some idea how to treat them, latitude and altitude being, I consider, even of more importance than soil, although the latter is a point of kuowledge not to be lost sight of. The growth of Orchids on trees is not confined to the bare stems, as indicated by Mr. Watson ; on the contrary, from my observations, very few comparatively speaking, occur in such a manner. They generally cling to the shady side of branches partially protected by moss or decaying vegetable matter, or loose bark. The majority of the best wild specimens growing in the forks of branches or natural cavities in the stem, where vegetable matter capable of absorbing or retaining moisture is gene- rally present, and this remark applies to other epiphytes, such as Drynaria quercifolia, Lvcopodium taxifolium, epiphytal Vacciniums, &c. In fact, in a tropical forest, with its dense, almost impenetrable shade, perpetually flowing streams, and often soaking moisture from heavy dews, occur just the elements for the existence of such plants, and which we re- produce more or less naturally by artificial heat, shade, sphagnum moss, peat, &C. No plants are better adapted to the climate of the arid and sterile regions they affect than the Cacti, Agaves, Aloes, &c, yet these thrive with singular success under liberal treatment. The Agave americana and its variegated variety can be seen in India, forming an impenetrable hedge for hundreds of miles on either side of the railway lines, which run for the most part through highly fertile regions. Nothing to equal this, I am given to understand, can be seen in the Mexican regions, where it is a native. And again, the common Opuntia, or Prickly Pear, and the Lantana, originally introduced, like the Agave, for hedges, bid fair to over-run large tracts of country in the immediate future. The introduction and acclimatisation of the various speciesof Eucalyptusandphvllodineous Acacias in the hill regions of India was attended with signal success, down to certain degrees of elevation, and strange as it may appear, I have seen Cryptomerias, Cupressus, and other Coniferous trees, perfectly hardy in this country, thrive luxuriantly at lower elevations, where the Australian plants mentioned merely struggled for existence, all climatic influence being similar. And connected with this, I may remark that Sir J. Hooker, one of our most observant travellers, noticed th« greater luxuriance of our Lebanon Cedars in England, as compared to the few survivors he saw on the Lebanon mountains. Many gardeners have remarked on the improved appearance of the huge tree Ferns at the Crystal Palace under the management of a gardener who has travelled, whilst those planted out in the tem- perate house at Kew were splendid examples of their 228 THE GAhDENEItV CHRONICLE. [Febeuaby 22, 1890. kind when I saw them last; but I have seen in the deep ravines and scholas of the Nilgiri hills that splendid tree Fern, Alsophila latebrosa, flourishing vigorously, and equalling in nature what we repro- duce artificially, for example, Dicksonia antarctica. Some travellers are prone to romance considerably — I do not say purposely— particularly those ignorant of botany, or any of the natural sciences, this being the reason why we often obtain inaccurate informa- tion about plants. An instance is fresh in my recol- lection of a military gentleman from India, who was inspecting a small collection of Epacris I had in bloom, whom I overheard assuring my employer that this purely Australian genus grew wild in any quan- tity round about Simla. I regret to see that Mr. Watson discards geo- graphical botany, and, needless to say, I do not agree with him. I quite sympathise with him over his difficulties in establishing the plant he received from Hong Kong, and judging by the way he eventually established it, I should eay the consignor obtained it at a consider- able altitude. I have had a little experience in con- nection with such importations ; a year or two back, my employer brought me several large Beans, osten- sibly a species of Horse Chestnut, they were similar in appearance, and he called them such. These had been received a day or two before from India, with an assurance that they were perfectly hardy. I imme- diately recognised them as seeds of the well-known leguminous plant known as the Sword Bean throughout the tropics, and instead of sowing them in a cool border as requested, I placed them singly in 32-pots in the Melon frame, with the result that they attained the height of 2 feet in about nine or ten weeks, and were thriving well when I left the neigh- bourhood. I may here add that plants of the natural order Leguminos.-o invariably flourish best under liberal treatment— this is a well known phy- siological fact which accounts for Mr. Watson not being successful with his Camoensia in the first instance. Possibly I may be wrong when I advance the opinion that the beautiful Nilgiri Lily, which is re- putedly difficult to grow in this country, would under some sort of natural treatment be easily cultivated, for nothing could be more simple than the way it grows naturally, its abundance, and the vigour of its flower-spikes, making it a conspicuous object in the region it affects. And what is the meaning of the numerous Fern glades, rockeries, and alpine borders in the gardens of this country ? unless something approaching nature is being imitated, it is certainly not all done with a view to landscape effect. How often do our Caladiums, Gloxinias, Achimenes, &c, succumb to a dry-rot during their dormant period, often in a most unaccountable manner, but more often through becoming dust-dry ; yet in Nature there must be some sort of capillary attraction, obscured, certainly, to an ordinary observer, whereby the tubers are rendered plump and sound by re- ceiving the necessary amount of moisture ; yet, anomalous as it may seem, I have observed that where jungle and grass-land fires have occurred and parched the ground, in addition to the usual dry season, on the advent of rain, numerous flowering gesneraceous plants— Impatiens, Nilgiri Lily, the terrestrial Orchid, known commercially as "Salep Misere," and numerous others — spring up spon- taneously with the growth of fresh grass and vegetation. Mr. Dyer mentions the Plumbago and Ehyncos- permutn as flourishing under diverse circumstances, but he omits to mention a plant better known still, Viz., the Camellia, and the vicissitudes it has under- gone in the way of temperature since it was first grown in this country, and I can recollect the time when Jasminum revolutum was included in a collec- tion of stove and greenhouse plants for exhibition. Mr. Burbidge says that Nature carries matters far past the point where the gardener stays his hand ; and, broadly speaking, it does ; but when it suits the gardener's purpose, he, too, encourages Nature to an extreme point, viz., the fruiting stage. What are Messrs. Veitch and our leading Orchidists doing at the present moment but fertilising and cross-fertilising, with a view to obtaining new and improved forms ; in fact, exceeding the point where Nature in its simplicity often stops short. That knowledge is power no one will deny, whether it has been acquired through travel or by home study, and the gardeners' art may be more or less empirical, but, of course, much will depend on cir- cumstances. Of one thing I am assured — that is although horticulture has progressed apace, a great deal more remains to be accomplished of things as yet undreamed of by our predecessors in the craft. Why should not such tropical luxuries as the Oranges, Mangoes, Durians, Mangosteens. Guavas, Caricas, &c, be cultivated here under glass as readily as our Grapes, Melons, Pine-apples, and Bananas. I have seen Monstera deliciosa flourish with signal success on the back wall of a flue-heated stove, and know that the Vanilla, Loquat, and Grenadilla, have been brought to perfection in this country ; but with this I must conclude. Head Gardener, Streatkam. It is, unfortunately, only too true that horti- culture is carried on largely in an empirical way ; but that such is always the best or shortest method of attaining the desired end, I am loth to believe. Nor can I see how empiricism can successfully com- pete against practice with science, and in this case, chiefly botanical, and more particularly that which relates to physiology, morphology, and geographical botany — a knowledge of which must surely give a gardener a great advantage over the pure empiricist. Supposing that two such individuals were given the same task, under conditions entirely new to both, which of them would be likely to produce the best results in a given time ? I think the odds would be a long way in favour of the scientifically trained man ; as besides his knowing certain fundamental truths, which, within a measurable range of limitation, must be observed, he would also by virtue of such know- ledge, be better able to manipulate and adapt the various forces at command to suit his requirements. On the other hand, a pure empiricist might make many experiments before succeeding, that is, if he succeeded at all. Of course, I do not contend that the scientific experimenter can always at first pre- scribe the correct treatment; but there is this advantage and broad distinction between the two — the one employs his forces in the direction which have every chance of leading to a successful solution of the problem, while the other, or empirical, employs his forces without being able to forecast the results likely to ensue ; indeed, he may have done that which the other side could, almost with a certainty, have predicted, could but end in failure ; and, there- fore, I cannot see how empirical experiments can be classed as scientific research. Touching the question as to whether the gardener is much the better for knowing the conditions under which plants flourish in their native habitats, I think such information is of the greatest importance, in enabling the gardener to shape his treatment of the new comer; but should they be such that it is prac- tically impossible to reproduce them exactly, yet they will be valuable data to start from. Moreover, under scientific manipulation, that which may not be attainable may often, in a great measure be com- pensated for by modifying or otherwise altering the conditions, so that they shall nearly approach those of their natural state. Many epiphytal Orchids are cultivated in this way. But where practicable, I have always found that when the natural conditions under which they live can be reproduced in our houses, that is generally found to be a satisfactory basis upon which to work. As an instance of this, I may mention Amomum magniflcum, which flowered with us last December — a Madagascar plant, which has been introduced into the Mauritius ; but Sir Henry Barkly told me that it only flourished on the banks of streams, sending its thick creeping rhizomes along the edges of the banks, with its roots descending to the water- level. We at once decided on imitating this by preparing a place for it in the aquatic-house ; the result was, to use a common garden expression, it grew like a weed, and flowered. Up to the time of planting there, we had grown it in a pot stood in the tank, but the result was not nearly so good as when planted out in a manner imitating its natural habitat. And this instance strikingly shows the importance of following natural conditions. One great difficulty is to get a correct report of those conditions. I have frequently been told that certain plants grew in nothing but pure sand, but, being rather sceptical about accepting these statements, I found out, by subsequent conver- sation, that some Important particulars had not been taken account of, for my informant went on to say that periodical fires swept the plains, consuming all the vegetation for the time being ; but that after a time copious rains followed, and that in a surprisingly short space of time afterwards the plains were again clad with luxuriant vegetation, and wound up by extolling the wonderful fertility of sand. Clearly enough, no account was taken of the ash of the pre- vious vegetation left by the fire in a readily avail- able form. It is needless to say what would have been the result had I tried the sand as advised in an English greenhouse. Mr. Fraser has very truly said, '■ What we want is careful observers to correctly record the conditions." F. Ross, Pendell Court. HYBRID ROCHEAS. We owe to the kindness of Mr. Pynaert, of Ghent, the opportunity of figuring some hybrids (fig. 35), said to be the result of crossing Rochea coccinea and R. jasminea. They were raised by M. Foucard, of Orleans, and received a First-cla9s Certificate from the National Horticultural Society of France. The colours show all stages between those of the parents, ranging from white, flushed with rose, to deep crimson. The easy culture of these plants, and the beauty of their flowers, render them " plants for the million." They are particularly well suited for window culture. They are of dwarf habit, and may be kept pinched-in to form a close bushy habit. They are easily propagated by cuttings, and, we are assured, flower the same year as they are struck. A well-drained, rich, loamy soil, with a little leaf- mould and sand intermixed, suits them. C LIVE AS. Clivea or Imantophyllum miniatum, an introduc- tion from Natal, having produced seedlings which are finer than the type, has already become an acknow- ledged favourite for conservatory-house decoration ; indeed, it is believed that it will in time outrival the free-blooming and beautiful Vallota purpurea. Various opinions have been expressed as to whether the name should be spelt as above, or with the letter A as a prefix. [According to the latest authorities, Clivea is the preferable name. Ed.] As a demonstra- tion of the appropriateness of the longer name, it is only necessary to attempt to break one of the leaves in twain with the hand, which are really, as denoted by the name, tough as "leathern thongs." Unfortunately for their popularity, these plants have long been considered as stove plants, re- quiring warmth throughout the winter, though of late years Messrs. Bull, Laing, Williams, and other nurserymen, have rightly placed them amongst greenhouse plants. Messrs. Veitch & Sons, in their last catalogue, enumerate all the species in duplicate under both stove and greenhouse plants. Suffice to say, that seeds raised in this country germinate as freely in a cool greenhouse as those of the Lemon or the Orange ; and one-year-old seedlings will with- stand the ordinary greenhouse temperature, as will any other greenhouse plant known. Indeed, with the thermometer as low as 30° Fahrenheit, they take no harm whatever. The large numbers of clivea which, in their season of bloom, are distributed in the beds in the Palace at Sydenham, even though but one and two-year-old seedlings, amply exhibit the diversity Febbuaby 22, 1890.] TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 229 of the flowers, and the great endurance of these and the plants. A more objectionable place than the Crystal Palace for maintaining plants in good health does not exist. Again, its natural season of blooming is given as the month of February, which is no doubt correct, but so amenable to cultivation is the plant that it may be made to flower almost throughout the year. One of the best known plantsmen avers that being in possession of a dozen plants, the grower mav have Like all flowers of tubular shape, Cliveas prove useful for all purposes to which cut flowers may be put in the dwelling and for personal adornment, retaining as they do their form and colour for a long time. The large size of the roots prove that the plants are not difficult to treat in the matter of com- post. The soil which suits them best is a rich sandy loam ; by rich, I mean that decayed manure, may with advantage be incorporated with it. The roots grow always straight downwards, and it is, FlO. 35. — A GROUP OF HYBRID BOCHEAS. (SEE P. 228.) 1, Mad. Foucart, roce-coloured ; 3, M. Buchner, white, with deep rose edges; 4, Mr*. Cantiell, white, flushed < rose; 5, Mr. Plit/er, cream-coloured, flushed with rose; 8, Mrs. Wynne, carmine. it in bloom for twelvemonths. The flowers of Cliveas have been much improved during the last few years, but this improvement is in its infancy ; much is due to Continental growers in regard to hybridising with a view to obtaining finer blooms, and those who have recently visited Con- tinental exhibitions and nurseries will, of all others, the most fully appreciate this (act. And it is but giving honour where it is really due, when I say that to Continental growers are primarily due, the beau- tiful seedling varieties under name which we now possess, and to which I shall presently refer, therefore, desirable to pot the roots firmly and certainly beneath the plant. By this means the roots will not penetrate the soil so rapidly as they would in light soil, but will collect nutriment from every part of the soil. It is difficult to imagine these plants as being anything but evergreen, nevertheless, here under artificial culture, as in their native country, the seasons are beneficially varied by giving abun- dant root watering during spring, summer, and autumn, and withholding it to a moderate extent during the winter months. It is essential to keep the leaves perfectly clean at all times. Where plants are separated into batches for successionally blooming, their treatment will necessarily vary considerably. The new varieties are: — Madame Donner, im- perialis, Madame Van Houtte, Mdlle. Marie van Houtte, Mdlle. Marie Reimers, princeps, insignia, Mrs. John Laing, Lindeni, speciosa, Perfection, superba, and Distinction. The older varieties, which are obtainable at less cost than the above-named novelties, are, miniata grandiflora and robusta, and all are well deserving of the attention of those who possess a greenhouse. William Ear/eg. Notices of Books. Index of British Plants.— This is a list of British plants prepared by Mr. R. Turnbull, and published by Messrs. Bell, based on the eighth edition of the London Catalogue, and containing all the names therein published, together with the synonyms as found in no fewer than ten of the lead- ing British floras, with references to the figures in English Botany and Bentham's Handbook, illus- trated edition, and the popular names. The accen- tuation of the Latin names is marked, and the geo- graphical distribution indicated. As a complete list we can recommend it, as likely to be very service- able from the care with which it has been compiled. Names and Synonyms of British Plants. (Bell & Co.) Mb. G. G. Wabburtox has collated the nomen- clature of the London Catalogue, and of four of our principal British floras. The author adopts the plan of assuming as correct the name which finds accept- ance by the whole or the majority of his authorities. We are afraid "critical" botanists will look upon this as a very evasive way of meeting difficulties, for it is quite possible that all five may prove to be wrong, or that the minority may be right. This can only be ascertained by critical study of old facts and investigation of " new lights " as they appear. SEED TRADE. Mostabd. — One of the heads of departments in one of the largest wholesale seed houses in London, informed me recently that the annual sales of Mustard amount to 2000 sacks. This quantity consists almost entirely of what is known as the white or yellow Mustard, as but very little of the brown or black seeded Mustard constitutes a part of this huge bulk. What of white Mustard is English grown, is produced in the counties of Essex, Lincoln- shire, and Cambridgeshire, but, considerable bulks are also obtained from California and Holland. The Californian Mustard is not employed for the preparation of the flour of Mustard, as owing to the climate, there is not sufficient pungency in the flavour to make the seeds acceptable for this purpose ; but it can be employed for agricultural and garden purposes. The Holland Mustard is employed by the manufacturers. It is said that the manufacture of Mustard was first understood and extensively practised in the county of Durham, and the finest Durham Mustard was for a long time a trade-mark. The black-seeded Mustard was used in Dur- ham in preference to the white because of being more pungent and of a finer quality; but as it is found extremely difficult to remove the skins en- tirely, the flour made from the black seeded retains a certain darkness of colour. Much less labour is said to be required to manufacture from the white, and therefore it is now employed to a much greater ex- tent, though sometimes the brown flour is mixed with it. In France and other parts ol the Conti- nent, where the art of removing the skins from the seed is not properly known, the black Mustard is still employed, but the flour made from it has a very dark or greyish Colour, 230 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Februaby 22, 1890. In reply to a question a9 to what portion of the 2030 sacks was employed for sowing in gardens for salad ing purposes, I was informed about 200 sacks. Mustard has long been much valued as a pungent salad, and for mixing in the bowl, it may, as Messrs. Sutton & Sons say in their useful book on the culture of vegetables, "take the place of Watercress, when the latter is not in command." It is the custom of some to mix the seeds of Mus- tard and Cress together and sow them ; but this is a plan that cannot be commended, for the two plants do not grow at the same pace, and there is nothing gained by mixing the seeds. Brown or white Mus- tard may be used for gardening purposes ; the leaves of the former, as in the case of the flour made from it, is said to be more pungent. The seed of Rape is largely used as a substitute for Mustard for market purposes ; but, as Messrs. Sutton & Sons say, " it should be shunned in the garden." In agricultural districts, Mustard and Ripe are both largely employed for cleaning foul ground, and for feeding purposes. It is the practice to bow the seeds in July and August on land that is of a weedy character, and when the crop has grown to a cer- tain height to plough it in before the weeds can pro- duce seeds, or feed it off with sheep. The general practice appeared to be to feed off Rape, but plough in Mustard ; though this is not the invariable rule, for in the sheep-producing counties of Sussex Hampshire, and Kent, large quantities are sown for this purpose. Indeed, the sowing of Mustard for agricultural purposes is largely confined to the above-named three counties. The production of Mustard in the county of Cam- bridge has been greatly circumscribed by the ravages of a little black beetle that devours the plants. The Lincolnshire crop of Beed fell much below the average. The Eisex crop was better, but by no means up to the average ; but good supplies of seed of fine quality are coming in from California and the Continent, and it is expected prices will rule fairly moderate. B. D. The Orchid Houses. The East Indian House being now well stocked with flower, should have air admitted both by night and day, so as to keep the atmosphere comparatively dry ; this will keep the flowers from getting spotted by the moisture. • When the sun is strong, the shading should be run down, or the Phalamopsis flowers will be carried off. Plants of Aerides, Sacco- labium and Vanda, which are grown in this house, should be closely examined after being repotted or surfaced, to see that they have no brown scale ; Bhould any be found, it should be at once destroyed by aid of soft-soap, applied by a stiff brush or a sponge. The house may now be thoroughly syringed morning and afternoon, more moisture being neces- sary as the ventilation is increased. Temperature, 63° at night, with a rise of 5° to 10° with sunheat. Cattleya- house. — Many plants of Cattleya Trianre will now be in flower. I group all the flowering plants together, and this not only displays the different varieties, but renders it easy to run a thin shade over them when the sun is bright. Plants of Cattleya Mosaim, late-flowering Mendelii, C. Per- civaliana. C. Gaskelliana, &c, may be repotted with safety. The Brassavolas do well in this house. Intermediate House. — Plants of Ctelogyne, as they pass out of flower, will require very little water for a month, and even if their bulbs jshrivel a trifle, it it will do them no harm. Sobralias should at once have attention, and any requiring to be turned out should be repotted in one half turfy loam and peat, with an addition of a little silver sand. Barkerias must not be allowed to drop their foliage from want of water; these Dlants are often kept too dry during the winter, and the leaves falling prematurely, the plant is weakened. Odontoglossum citrosmum must be kept very dry, or the chances are that it will not flower ; no water should now be given unless the back bulbs are shrivelling. Zygopetalum Mackayii and Z. crinitum may be repotted, using peat and sphagnum in equal portions. These are very useful spring flowering plants ; they may be grown cool, but do very much better in this house, Here also Epidendrum prismatocarpum does very much better than when grown in strong heat; very little water should be given now until the flower-spikes are seen to be making their way up the sheaths. Where plants of Miltonia vexillaria are throwing up spikes, it would be well to give the plants a dipping in soft- soap and tobacco-water. After doing this, it is a good plan to hang the plants, if possible, on the sides of the stage, head downwards, to drain. Maintain a temperature of 58° at night and 62D by day. Cool house. — The work to be done here will chiefly consist of watering and damping the house. All the cool growing Odontoglossums may be syringed over- head first thing in the morning, but not until the thermometer registers 50°. All parts of the house should be kept damp, and insect pests should be diligently looked for. Temperature, 48° to 50° at night. A. G. C'att, Parkfiold, near Worcester. Plants and Their Culture. Fobcinq House. — Batches of plants in succession should be put into this structure, and many species may be brought on in others which have been started for other purposes ; and much time will be saved if this method is adopted, as hard forcing will in a great measure be avoided. Hyacinths, Tulips, and Narcissus will now force readily, and it is necessary to introduce only a few at a time, and these should be placed near the glass to preveut the drawing of the stems and leaves. Bulbs for late decorative work must be kept cool, and given an abundance of air when the weather is mild. Lilies of the Valley will force readily. I prefer single crowns to clump3 for forcing, as blooms come with a good height of stem, and there is plenty of foliage if forcing is not too rapid. The crowns should be put into a brisk bottom-beat, and in cocoa-fibre, and be kept moist. By this means the flower-spikes come in advance of the foliage. Some plants in pots of Deutzia gracilis Bhould be ready to again place in heat, and if these have been brought on somewhat in a fruit-house recently started, they will come into bloom readily with a little more warmth. They require abundance of moisture at the roots as they advance towards bloom. Lilac Charles X., and the Persian, may be grown in almost any warm place ; even the Mush- room-house will answer for a time if blanched flowers are required ; now is a good time to start. Viburnum and Staphylea colchica, Prunus sinensis flore pleno, early Rhododendrons, Kalmias, Hy- drangea paniculata grandiflora, all require treatment similar to the Viburnum, &c. Azalea indica may be brought into the forcing-house a few at a time; A. mollis will now be found useful, and plants of it should be given a cooler place than the forcing- house as soon as the flowers begin to open. Spiraeas will force well at this period, if the roots have been grown for forcing purposes. Another lot of Tea scented Roses should be brought on, and will require frequent dustings of sulphur to prevent mildew being troublesome. The watering must be done with care till the plants have made free growth, when weak liquid manure should be given them. Callas want abundance of water. Eupatoriums need similar treatment to the Callas, and should not be allowed to get dry at the roots. Tuberoses may be potted in succession, and placed in bottom-heat, and treated as previously advised, withholding water for a time until growth commences. A few pots of forced Solomon's Seal should not be omitted. The useful Dielytra spectabilis may also be brought on slowly in a light pit or house, and when they are in active growth moisture at the root should not fail. Greenhouse and Cool Pits. — The greenhouse should now have more air, and the plants more liberal waterings as the sun gets stronger. When artificial heat is used to counteract the effects of the cold nights usually experienced in March, many of the New Holland plants, Ericas, and Epacris will be in bloom ; these should never be allowed to get dry at the root. The early blooming Epacrises will soon be past their best, when they should be cut back, watering sparingly till new growth commences ; they may be placed in an intermediate-house, or at the warmest corner of the greenhouse, free from cold draughts, and repotted as soon as they have made a good start, giving a shift only where necessary. The soft-wooded Heaths, like E. hyemalis and E. Wil- moreana, require similar treatment to the Epacrises, and when repotted, only good peat and clear silver- sand should be used for them, giving clean materials for drainage, and making the compost very firm. The later blooming Ericas, of which E. Cavendishiana is an example, must now be attended to closely, as any neglect in the watering will soon cause the plants injury. This work should always be attended to by one person, who will be able to judge of the requirements of the different plants. Plants of Epacris Eclipse and E. miniata should be fastened with a few ties before the flowers open, just to keep the shoots in trim order. Chorozemas need similar attention, as well as plenty of water, and to be occasionally turned round, so as to keep them in nice shape. Pimeleas will now be growing freely, and should, when in good condition, be assisted with a mild fertiliser, and be damped over with the syringe on favourable occasions, so as to check inroads of red- spider. Polygalas, though not so much grown as once they were, are pretty plants, easily grown, and will now require sunny positions and attention as re- gards watering ; Kennedyas also require water in abundance if well-rooted, and a few ties where ne- cessary. Should insect pests, as is often the case, be troublesome, syringing with petroleum emulsion should be resorted to. We use Bentley's soluble petroleum for this purpose, for mealy bug and scale insects, and find it much safer than ordinary petro- leum and water, which is difficult to keep properly mixed, whilst being made use of. Acacias will soon be in full bloom, and if scale be found on the plants, the latter should be syringed, before the blooms ex- pand, with an insecticide. These plants will take more water after this date, and occasionally manure- water. Boronias should be put into a light place, so as to show their flowers to advantage, and carefully watered— but not in driblets. Aphelexis, Leschenaultias, Acrophyllums, Dar- winias, and Tetrathecas need similar attention, keeping them as near to the light as possible and unshaded at this season. Statices will have com- menced to grow freely, and will give a better return if at once repotted if they are in a vigorous condi- tion. These should get a large proportion of good yellow fibrous loam, with a few lumps of charcoal, and a small quantity of decayed manure and bone- dust, with half-inch bones placed over the drainage. After potting, place the plants for a time in a tem- perature wanner by a few degrees than the green- house. If mildew should attack them, dust with flower-of-sulphur. These are serviceable plants for autumn decoration of the conservatory, as they remain a long time in bloom ; but to get strong flower-spikes the plants require to be well grown. Genistas will take abundance of water, with wean manure water now and then if they are pot-bound. Young stock of these plants and of Statice profusa and S. Holfordii should be propagated at this date from strong cuttings. G. Wythes, Sgon House. The Flower Garden. Okdinabt Bedding Plants. — Autumn-struck cuttings of Pelargoniums for bedding purposes should now be potted off, and placed in any of the houses or pits, where a little heat is at command. A slight syringing overhead is all the moisture they will require for a few days, if the soil was in a proper state of moisture at the time of potting. Propagating. — Proceed with the propagation of carpet bedding and all other plants required for beds, having previously prepared a hot-bed or house with a brisk bottom-heat for their reception. Canna roots should be divided, potted, and placed in gentle heat ; they will make nice plants by bedding-out time, and unless they are prepared in this way, would rarely attain perfection in the more northern parts. Eulalia japonica variegata and E. zebrina, two useful subjects in the sub-tropical garden, should now also be divided, and placed in the same temperature. Seeds to be sown in addition to those previously mentioned are : — Ferdinanda, Eulalias, Musas, Melianthus major, Chanuepeuce Casabonas and diacantha, Cineraria maritima, Solanum giganteum, S. robustum. S. marginatum, S. pyracanthenium, and S. Warscewiczi, Wigandias, Echeveria metallica and E. glauca, Eucalyptus. Lobelias, and Pyrethrums. Intermediate Stocks sown now, and potted off when ready, will be fit to turn out at the end of April, and give a nice succession of bloom to the Ten- week varieties. Weeds and Moss on Lawns, — At this season, unless Febboaby 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 231 on very clean lawns, Daisies, Plaintains, Docks, Dandelions, spring up and give the lawn an unsightly appearance, and the present is the best time to up- root them. Docks and Dandelions if cut off about an inch below the surface, and the remaining portion of the root covered with common salt, will invariably complete their destruction. Moss on lawns may be kept down in a great measure by frequent and close mowing by the lawn-mower throughout the year, and regular sweeping with a birch or heath-broom. Where moss does exist, the turf should receive a thorough rough raking with a small iron rake, to re- move most of the moss, and then be well swept after- wards. A dressing of well-slaked lime or house- ashes then strewn over it, or what is preferable, a dressing of finely sifted rich loamy soil, will be found most beneficial to the growth of the grass. Both after the removal of moss and the weeds, the dressing ol soil should be made with an addition of a thin sowing of grass seed raked inand then well rolled, will ensure a thorough renovation. D. C. Powell, Powderham, Exeter. Fruits Under Glass. Later vineries ready for starting should have their outer borders covered up to protect from snow water, and the inside borders should have the inert and dry soil removed, to be replaced by a moderate top-dressing of sound loam and bone meal. Syringe the rods backwards and forwards twice daily. Mus- cits, Lady Downes, and other late kinds, should be started at the end of the month, in order to have them well ripe before the summer sun loses its power. Any renovation of border omitted in September and October may yet be done just as the buds begin to swell, and if the roots be carefully forked out of the exhausted soil, and replaced in new suitable soil, made firm and solid.it is really astonishing how goon real beneficial results can be realised. Peaches and Nectarines. — In the earliest house pro- ceed with disbudding by degrees, removing loreright and underneath buds first. Do not overlook the fact that leaf growth increases activity in the roots ; on the other hand carry the mind forward regarding an ultimate crowding of shoots, and endeavour to strike the balance, the fruits which are safely set will now be taking the lead, and others should be at once removed, to prevent waste of power. Bring the syringe into use twice dailv, and further increase the daily temperature- to 70 or 80° with sunshine. Ventilate as before advised, and keep a sharp look out for aphis. A few puffs of tobacco-powder will keep all safe if done soon enough, otherwise fumi- gating must be resorted to, but before doing this make certain that the foliage is quite dry. The second house, if in flower, must have the help ciety, which is careful of the rights of proprietors, m well as of the public. Self-help Emigration Society. — This Society gives assistance to suitable persons desirous of emigrating to the British Colonies, by aiding them on the voyage, and facilitating the search for employment on arrival. Each intending emigrant contributes towards the expenses, the Society sup- plying the balance, and employing agents in Canada to watch over the interests of the emigrants on their arrival, and until they are settled. The Society is supported by public subscriptions, which fall short of what is demanded. The Treasurer is E Barclay, Esq., 51, Lombard Street. Botanic Gardens, etc. — The following appointments have been made recently : — Berlin. — Dr. Pax, formerly of Breslau, has been appointed " Custos" of the Botanic Garden, Berlin. Dr. Niedenzu, also of Breslau, has been appointed assistant in the Berlin Botanic Garden. Graz. — Dr. Molisch has been appointed Professor of Botany in the Technical High School. Montpellier. — Dr. Gbanel has been appointed Professor of Botany, in the room of Professor Planchon ; and Dr. Couechet becomes Professor of Botany in the School of Pharmacy. St. Petersburgh. — Dr. Bobodin has been appointed Professor in the University, in the place of Professor Famintzin. Charkow. — Dr. Palladin has been called to the Professorship of Botany in the University. New York. — Dr. Rusby, well known for his collec- tions in tropical South America has assumed the Professorship of Botany in the New York College of Pharmacy. Quito. — The Professorship of Botany and Direc- torship of the Botanic Garden, so long held by our correspondent, the late Dr. Jameson, has been conferred on Dr. Lagerheim. Oxford. — Mr. Druce has been appointed sub- curator of the Fielding Herbarium. "Illustration Horticole." — The number for December 25, only recently received, contains a full illustrated account of the " Horticulture Inter- nationale," the important establishment in Brussels directed by M. Lucien Linden, and of which we have already given an account in our columns. " DIE NATURLICHEN FAMILIEN.'— This valuable publication, issued under the auspices of Professors Engleb and Puanti., has now reached as far as the Composites, which are described by Professor Hoff- mann, of Berlin. The numerous woodcuts are of great assistance. Palermo Botanic Garden.— We have re- ceived the Index Scminum from this establishment, the extent of which may be judged from the fact that it consists of 38 quarto pages of three columns each. Stephen's "Book of the Farm." Divi- sion IV. — The fourth divisional volume, just pub- lished, completes the spring work, and carries the reader through the greater portion of the operations of summer. It is practically a new volume, most of the chapters having been entirely rewritten, and the others very thoroughly revised. The volume opens with " Potato Planting," which is described very fully ; the tilling, cleaning, and manuring of land for Potatos being exhaustively dealt with. A specially interesting section in this chapter is that describing the process of raising new varieties of Potatos from seed. The summer culture of cereal crops is completed by a short section describing the process of raising new varieties of grain by " Cross- Fertilisation." New chapters have been introduced on the insect and fungoid attacks on crops and stock. The preparing of pastures for stock, and the treatment of sheep, cattle, and horses in summer, are practically and fully discussed. The volume closes with an exhaustive treatise on " Dairy Work." This consists wholly of new matter, and occupies about oae-fifth of the entire volume. An Example not to be Followed.— We take the following from a French paper : — "Madame L., dog's tailor, has arrived at Nice with a large assort- ment of the newest ' toilettes ' for dogs. She will exhibit these articles at the general Horticultural Exhibition ! at Cannes on the 23— 27th inst." NOMENCLATURE —Our contemporary, LeJardin, says that a Begonia, known in France as Le Mahonti, is identical with that known as Moonlight, which French readers are told to pronounce as if written " Mounlaite." John Stuart Mill as a Botanist.— An interesting glimpse of a distinguished man is to be found in an earlier chapter of Mr. Tozer's voyages, which one may confidently recommend as a very pleasant book of scholarly travels. On his first two voyages among the iEgean Islands, Mr. Tozer had for his dragoman Alexandras Anemogaunes, who on various occasions had accompanied will-known travellers in Greece, such a9 G. F. Bjwen, W. G. Clark of Cambridge, John Stuart Mill, Dean Stanley, and others. It is of Mill that Mr. Tozer tells us an interesting little fact. He says: "In the midst of the ruins [of the Temple of Apollo on Delos] Anemones of various colours — white, pink, and lilac — were growing, and I dug up some line Narcissus roots to transplant to England. For this proceeding I had good authority. Our servant informed me that J. S. Mill, when he travelled with him in the Peloponnese, besides drying flowers, had an extra baggage mule in his train for carrying plants and roots." Mill, as is well known, was a confirmed botanist, and learnt in the methodical classification of flowers what he taught in logic. One of his biographers has related how he met " the (at that time) parliamentary logician, with his trousers turned up out of the mud, and armed with the insignia of his craft, busily occupied in the search after a marsh-loving rarity in a typical spongy wood on the clay to the north of London." We may add that Mr. Mill's herbarium is at Kew. Blac< WALNUT.— It is stated in Garden and Forest that one of the largest specimens of Black Walnut probably ever sent to an eastern market in the log may new be seen in the timber yard of Messrs. Johnson Beds., 385, Albany Street, Boston. The tree which produced it grew near the falls of the Kenawah, iu West Virginia, on the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The trunk, which measured 61 feet to the first branches, has been cut into five lengths ; the butt log, the centre of which is hollow from decay, measures at the base 8.J feet across. The diameter of the log, cut 25 feet from the ground, is 4 feet 2 inches, and that 50 feet from the ground has a diameter of 3 feet 11 inches in one direction, and 3 feet in the other. The upper end of the fifth log, at a point 61 feet from the ground, where the trunk had been a good deal flattened, measures 4 feet 1 inch through one diameter, and 2 feet 0 inches through the other. These measurements are all made inside the bark. A thousand feet of lumber have been cut from the main branches, and the five trunk logs are estimated to contain 10,000 feet. The wood in the butt log outside the central cavity is beautifully curled and marked. A superficial examination of the annual layers of growth shows that this great tree has grown on the whole with wonderful rapidity, and that it is probably less than 300 years old. Seedling Sugar-canes.— The last number of Garden, Field, and Forest (Demerara), contains an interesting account of six seedling varieties raised at the Dodd's Botanical Station, Barbados. These were selected from a lot of natural self-sown seed- lings, discovered in Barbados some two years since. They are spoken of as very promising. The seeds take about seven days to germinate. Illustrations of British Fungi. — Dr. Cooke continues his valuable series of illustrations of British fungi. No fewer than 1146 coloured plates have already been given. The text is given in the current numbers of Grevillea, "Botanical Magazine."— The February number contains coloured figures of the following plants : — Podophyllum pleianthum, t. 7008. — See Gardeners' Chronicle, 1889, Sept. 14, p. 299, Kew. Cottonia macrostachya,, t. 7099. — A curious Vanda- like Orchid, with loosely-panicled flowers. Each flower measures about 1 inch in the longest diameter. The segments are oblong, yellow, striped with red ; the lip is in form and colouring like that of Ophrys aranifera. It is a native of peninsular India and Ceylon. Kew. Brosera cistiflora, t. 7100. — A very striking aud large-flowered Drosera, with scarlet petals, on which repose the five white styles, each fringed at the apex. The leaves are linear, and studded with glandular hairs. It is a native of the Cape, and flowered at Kew. Febbcaey 22, 1890.] THE GA RDEXER S' CHR OX J < ' L E. 235 Chironia palustris, t. 7101. — A perennial, with the leaves oblong-linear, the lower ones tufted, the upper opposite ; flowers pale pink, with twisted yellow anthers. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cypripedium Rothschildianum, t. 7102. — A superb species from New Guinea, and very close to, if not identical with, C. EUiottianum Irom the Philippines. The present plant has an ovate-lanceolate upper sepal, yellowish, with reddish-brown stripes, long linear petals, warted, and coarsely setose ; a spoon- shaped lip, the pouch gibbous and decurved, of a brownish colour flushed with rose. The staminode is very peculiar, being linear terete, densely hairy below, sharply curved downwards in the middle. With reference to this species, the editor follows a practice we do not remember to have seen adopted before, viz., that of adopting a name given in an advertisement without any description. An adver- tisement is so purely a commercial matter, that we should hardly think it desirable to take any notice of a name so given in a botanical publication. Ware and District Horticultural Mutual Improvement Society.— This Society has held two meetings during the last month. On January 28 a paper on " Odontoglossums " was read by Mr. II Brows, which was much appreciated. On February 11, Mr. W. M. Alexander submitted a paper on the " Cultivation of Soils for Garden Crops," which was followed by a discussion. The members are steadily on the increase. Horticultural Club.— The annual dinner took place on Tuesday evening, February 11th, at the Club-room (Hotel Windsor), when there was a very full attendance. The chair was occupied by the Chairman of the Club, Mr. Jons Lee, and there were present Sir John T. D. Llewelyn, Bart, j Dr. Hogg, the Bey. W. Wilks, Rev. V. if. Gall, M. The project has been submitted for considera- tion to the Hnyal Floral Society and the Linnean Society of Bel ;inm, GiSHURSTINE.— At this time, when catchin,' cold is especially to be avoided, one means of pre- vention is by guarding against damp ftet, the benefits derived from an occasional coating ol the soles of shoes, if not of the upper leather, should not be lost sight of by gardeners. M. PrillieUX.— We are glad to see that the Paris Academy of Sciences has paid a well merited compliment to M. Puiuieux for his studies in vegetable pathology, and iu particular for his essay on the diseases of cereals. OODEYPORE.— The annual report of the gardens of II. II. the Maharava, G.C.S.I., is before us, show- ing that the garden suffered from drought and intense heat. During the cold season, English annuals thrive. Bamboos are found to do best in swampy soil. Eucalyptus does well. The Potato crop is reported to have been one of the best known in India. A large flower show was held in February under the auspices of Mr. T. II. Storey, and was pronounced excellent, though it was arranged in haste in conse- quence of the anticipated visit of the Duke and Duchess of CoNNAUOHT, who were, however, prevented from attending. PLANT PORTRAITS. Antiicrivm Dbtans ayeanum X , Iltustrierte ifonats- hrfte, December, 1889. Nioella HiSPANicA, Ganhn, February 8, 1890. Pear Mansuette tie Bouonies, Bulletin d' 'Arbori- culture, January, 189LI. — Fruit medium-sized, Pear- shaped, somewhat oblique, with a short, thick stalk, and a deep eye; skin brownish-red, and speckled on the sunny-side; flesh juicy, perfumed, slightly acid ; season, September. Solancm Wendlandi. — A warm-house climber, with laree lilac-blue flowers ; very ornamental. Garden, February 1, 1«90. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. CTPRIPEDIUM PLUMGRU.vI, AND C, DOLIARE. Mr. Norman- C. Cookson has recently sent to Kew an interesting series of Cypripediums, among which are specially to be noted specimens of C. plunerum, Rchb. f., and C. doliare, Rchb. f., from the type plants. These are both hybrids, but the parentage of neither of them is known; Reichenbach, however, conjec- tured that C. plunerum might be a hybrid between C. villosum and C. venustum, and thought that C. doliare might perhaps be of the same origin. Now that I have had an opportunity of examining them, 1 very much doubt if C. villosum had anything to do with their origin, for there is one very peculiar feature about the flowers of these two hybrids of which Reichenbach has made no mention. It consists of a very broad groove running down the underside of the lip of C. plunerum, and a more feeble groove of the same kind down the underside of the lip of C. doliare. la preparing for a monograph of the genus, I have examined and drawn a great many forms, but I do not renumber to have seen a similar groove in the lip of any other species or hybrid, except C. Stonei, in which it is very strongly marked. I learn, how- ever, tint C. Rjthschildiaiium, and, I suppose, C. EUiottianum, also, have a similar groove, but I have not seen these in a fresh state. Can C. Stonei, or one of the hybrids derived from it, be one of the pirents of C. plunerum and C. doliare ? There are two other circumstances that support this view in a slight degree, one is, that the scape of C. plune- rum is two-flowered ; the other, that the lower sepal of both hybrids has a tendency to divide into its two component sepals, as is also the case sometimes with C. Stonei. Bjth hybrids are handsome and richly coloured, and as they have not yet been well described I add briefly their chief characteristics. O. plunerum, Bchb.f. — Leaves strap-shaped, 5 to G inches long, and about 1 inch broad (iu the specimen seen), dark green, with narrow, irregular marblings of blackish-green ; under-surface pale green, with in- distinct, very pale purplish mottling. Scape 1 or 2 il iwered, brownish-pubescent. Bracts green, with purple nerves and speckles. Ofary pale greenish, dusted with purple-brown on the ribi, pubescent. Uppar sepal 1^ inch long, by 1} inch broad; ovate, triangular pile greenish-white, with light green nerves, the middle nerves being purple-brown for two-thirds of its length ; across the base is an indis- tinct, suffused band of pale purplish. Lower sepal ovate, eutire, or divided into its two component sepals, pale green, with darker nerves. Petals oblong- spathulate, 2[ to 2J inches long, green at the base, the rest purple, with the midline, some spots on the upper margin, and numerous dots at the base, all dirk purple-brown ; the nerves are brownish- green. The lip has a broad groove down the under tide, the front part is of a very rich deep purple, veined with darker, and very shining ; the indexed sides are ochreous, with rather large purple spots. Staminode renifonn, three-toothed in front, purplish, with green venation. C. doliare, Rchb. f. — Leaves oblong, 6 to G inches long, about 1} inch broad, deep dull green, with in- distinct, blackish-green, irregular, narrow markings ; under surface densely mottled and dusted with dull purple. Flowers similar in general appearance to those of C. plunerum. Upper sepal elliptic, II inch long by \\ broad, pale green, with a white border and darker green nerves, the central nerve being purple-brown. Lower Bepal pale green, with darker nerves, ovate, entire, or divided into its two com- ponent sepals. Petals very shining, and very like those of C. plunerum in form and colour, but darker without the green area at the base, and with a dark purple-brown spot or two along the midline. The lip has a slight groove down the underside, is shorter than that of C. plunerum, but of the same rich dark purple colour, with darker venation, and is very shining; the indexed sides are ochreous, with a purplish tint, marked with small light purple spots. 236 THE GAL'DE XE E S' C HE 0 XI CL E. [Febbuary 2-2, 1890. Statninode half-moon shaped, three-toothed in front. These two plants may not botli have originated from the same two parents as Reichenbach supposed, but I think the flowers bear evidence that one of the parents must have been the same for both. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kcm, CATTLBYA LoDDIQESII CANDIDA. This is the Cattleya Candida of the Orchid Growers' Manual, where Mr. Williams states that the plant has become very rare in cultivation. A flower sent by C. Young, Esq., of 3, Royston Gardens, Rich- mond, perhaps belongs to the same, though it is whiter than the above is described, and also is without the dash of yellow on the lip. But Messrs. Veitch state that Candida belongs to the form Harrisonioe, on account of the corrugations on the lip. To my mind, however, the smaller side-lobes of Harrisonia; afford more tangible character for sepa- rating it from typical Loddigesii, and viewed in this light Mr. Young's plant belongs to the latter, on account of the large and ample side-lobes of the lip. It is just possible that there may be a white variety of each form, but there is no specimen of the typical Candida in the Kew Herbarium with which the new arrival can be compared. Perhaps some one will kindly bear this in mind when next they flower it. Mr. Young states that his plant was bought with others as Cattleya Harrisoniana (an older name than Harrisonioe, be it noted). It is certainly a very beautiful thing. B. A. Bolfe. White L-=elia anceps. Of the white Lrelia anceps mentioned by your correspondent, " J. A.," the one in the collection of A. Heine (not Heimes) has this season had eighteen spikes of flowers, with three to five flowers on a spike. The variety is Sanderiana. Ltcaste Skinneki alba. We have a plant here of the above, with one lead and thirteen spikes of flowers. •/. Cragg, Birchfield, Fallowfield. RAILWAY RATES. We extract the following report of evidence, taken on February 12, from the columns of the Times:— "Mr. W. W. Berry, of Selling, Kent, near Faversham, examined by Mr. Balfour Browne, put in the agricultural classification agreed to at a Conference of fruit-growers and others in regard to agricultural produce and traffic. He described the labour at the Selling Station (London, Chatham, and Dover Railway) as very limited, possessing only a stationmaster, who had to issue tickets, and a porter, who had to attend all passengers, assist and relieve the signalman, and might give three hours' work in station terminal ser- vices to the traders, and yet £127 per annum was charged for this part of a man's work. An " average terminal " on the London, Chatham, and Dover system, would be most unfair on all the stations of line. He complained of the action of the London and Chatham and South-Eastern companies on cart- ing, and he gave instances of what he considered overcharge. The fruit-growers asked to have the right conceded to them of doing their own cartage, if the railway companies — the London, Chatham, and Dover, and the South-Eastern — did not charge reasonably. The fruit-growers had brought a case against the London, Chatham, and Dover Company for charging a terminal at Selling, and won the case.and if the companies were admitted to charge an " average terminal," this allowance would reverse the verdict in that case. As to Hops, he said that the South- Eastern and London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Companies bad doubly depressed the Hop industry by the charges for manure down and the high charges up, and this while merchants and breweis had their Hops carried at a less price. It often occurred that the same Hops sent to London at a high price would be sent back at a less price for carriage, though 25 per cent, had been added by the London journey, thus giving an advantage to the brewers and mer- chants refused to the hard-pressed grower. On the subject of " load through rates," he said this was a most important question for the county of Kent, and unless the growers of produce got a " load through rate," say from Kent to the north, they could not send the produce to the north, where it could not be grown. The fruit would either rot upon the ground or be consigned to London, and then re-consigned to the north at a greater cost and deteriorated. The Kent growers of produce wished to reach the northern markets on the Great Northern Railway. — Lord Balfour of Burleigh considered that it was no part of the duty of the tribunal to investigate such matters. Mr. Balfour Browne thought that the illustration given could be properly brought before the tribunal, as showing the difficulties of th>? traders in getting through rates, and the danger of entrusting the railway companies with excessive powers in regard to maximum charges, which powers would be exercised by such companies as the London, Chatham, and Dover to prevent the producers of Kent from reaching the consumers of the north. The Great Northern Company was anxious to have the traffic, the traders were anxious to send it, and the con- sumers needed the produce ; but the London, Chat- ham, and Dover refused to carry it unless they had the enormous mileage of Is. 6d. a ton, in order to com- pensate them for the los3 of their exceedingly high charges for cartage. — Lord Balfour of Burleigh con- sidered that the question of rates between com- panies and companies did not come before the tribunal. The witness then gave evidence as to the necessity of soft fruit being taken to the market quickly — a necessity which was thwarted by the difficulties interposed by the London, Chatham, and Dover Company, except at great cost ; and, with regard to the statement put forward by the London, Chatham, and Dover Company in justification of terminal charges at Selling on account of land pur- chased for tha services, the witness said that the statement made put the land at three times the actual quantity held, and this had been proved by the association, who had had the station surveyed. On the 18th inst., Mr. Berry, Hop and fruit grower, of Faversham, Kent, was further examined by Mr. Balfour Browne, Q.C. He stated that, in his opinion, Hops were as easy to load and carry as wool, and should hi in the same class. In regard to perishable articles, he did not complain of a dis- tinction being drawn between hot-house fruits, which were worth £100 a ton, and ordinary fruit, which was only worth from £15 to £16 per ton. The rates proposed to be charged would, taking a full year, have the effect of doubling the price of Kentish fruit to the customer. He thought the prin- ciple which was adopted in the grain trade, of accept- ing an empty package, no matter whence it came, should apply also to the case of fruit. He suggested that empties should be classed in class C, which would leave the traders in the same position as that which they occupied at present. He had prepared a table to show the excess of the cartage rates proposed to be charged by the London, Chatham, and Dover Company over the ordinary station-to-station rate. Maidstone was 41 miles from London, and the charge for Apples was by the sieve and half-sieve. It was unusual to send Apples in any other way ; 5.W. per sieve, or 3d. per half-sieve, was the rate quoted by the company, including delivery. The charge was 20s. per ton if packed in any other way, and the proposal of the com- pany was to charge hereafter 16s. 3d.'per ton for cart- age by the sieve and 18s. 4d. for cartage by the half- sieve in London. In the case of soft fruit, the cart- age of fruit in quarter-sieves would amount to £1 9s. Od. per ton. The actual charge for cartage to the Borough Market was 2s. Id. per ton, and 5s. per ton to Covent Garden, while, according to the pre- sent schedules, the charges were liable to be increased to £1 9s. dd. and £1 10s. 3d. In the tables for vege- tables, the same inconsistency between the actual and the proposed charges was apparent. Faversham was 52 miles from London, and Green Peas, Broccoli, and Sprouts were sent to London and charged id. per package more thao fruit, although the vegetables themselves might only be worth from 30s. to £2 per ton. From Faversham, including cartage, the rate would be 25s., while the station-to-station rate was only 9s. 2d. In cross-examination by Mr. Pember, Q.C, the witness said that all the fruit-growers asked was that, if these charges were to be made in future, they should have the opportunity of doing the cartage themselves. At present they had no reasonable facilities for doing it. If they had such facilities, there was nothing to prevent them from carting their own goods from the railway terminus to the London markets. Adverting to the Hop trade, he said it was true that the traffic cime in gluts, but it arose from the fact that the company had no convenience for load- ing them except in the open air, and therefore they refused to accept Hops in wet weather. It was not aa uncommon occurrence for the company to carry 60)0 or 7000 pockets upon one day, and only 1000 pockets upon another. The traders engaged in the fruit business simply asked for reasonable facilities for the reception and carriage of their traffic, and if the company were of opinion that it was unreason- able to ask them to keep their stations open all night, the growers would not object to pay a reason- able charge for the accommodation, say Is. per ton. What they did object to was the proposal to charge them £1 9s. 9 /. per ton for cartage. Apples were accepted by the London, Chatham, and Dover Company at the rate of fifty bushels to the ton. He believed that certain fruit growers at Sittingbourne entered into an agreement with the company in 1887 as to rates. The rates were lowered in consequence, but the real ground of the concession was that the Sittingbourne growers threatened to run a small steamboat to London in competition. Rainham, which also possessed the same water service, ob- tained similar terms. The reason why the steam- boat competition was threatened, was that the high railway rates absolutely prevented the growers from obtaining a profit. The fruit traffic was usually carried on at night. The carmen in London pre- ferred to work at night because the streets between Blackfriars and Covent Garden were less obstructed. If the traders did their own cartage, they could get it done for 2s. Gd. a ton. THE ACTION OF LIGHT ON PLANTS (Fig. 37). In my residence I have a small window which faces an unobstructed south light. About five weeks ago, a flower-pot containing a newly-planted rosette of leaves just taken from an old plant of Saxifraga sarmentosa was suspended close to the glass of this window. In a fortnight the new plant had taken vigorous root, and produced seven stolons or runners, as shown at s ' in fig. 1, p. 237. At this time every leaf of the plant had turned and faced the glass, whilst the seven stolons grew in a straight line away from the glass. As the stolons grew and became pendulous, all the growing points were directed towards the room, and away from the light, as in fig. 2. These stolons, marked s !, may be termed the stolons of the first generation. By-and-bye, the first-produced stolons began to produce rosettes of leaves at their tips ; and, as it was necessary that the leaves should receive light, the stolons now changed their curve, and grew towards, instead of away from, the light, as in fig. 3, and the new rosettes of leaves almost touched the glass. Stolons of the second generation now grew from the base of the new rosettes, as at s -, and each of these new stolons again grew in a direct line away from the light, as shown. In turn the stolons of the second generation produced small rosettes of leaves, and recurved to the glass. These produced stolons of the third generation, which grew away from the light, as in the previous growths, as shown at s 3, fig. 4. The above observations were made under favour- able circu.rfl8ta.BCe9. before fi Sipall and strong light, February 22, 1890.] TEE GABDEXEKV CHRONICLE. 237 and it is obvious that nothing of the sort could occur in a greenhouse or in diffused light. At this time (after about rive weeks) the three series of stolons are almost vertical from the weight of the rosettes of leaves. The stolons, with their rosettes of pendulous leaves in Saxifraga sarmentosa lend themselves readily to observations on heliotropism and negative heliotropism, although every observer of stolons in wild and garden plants must have noticed the tendency of stolons to creep into dark places, and there take root. Even in Strawberry plants I have sometimes been surprised to see the number of runners congregated in a more than usually shaded place. W. G. Smith, Dunstable. THE ADVANTAGE AND UTILITY OF PLANTING WASTE LANDS.* (Continued from p. 192.) It may be well now to descend to a few cases in point, and I will, as indicated in the early part of this paper, give two examples drawn from my own personal experience ; first, one from actual returns drawn from a plantation at a given age ; and second, the present returns from woods planted within the last twenty-five years. The first I refer to was a plantation on the estate of Culzean in Ayrshire, the property of the Marquis of Ailsa, where my father was forester for twenty-five years. The plantation in question extended to about 20 acres, and was mostly composed of Larch, with only a sprinkling of Scotch Fir and hard wood. At the time to which I refer, this plantation was about forty-five years old. Prior to this it had been frequently thinned, and from returns in the Estate Books, sums varying in extent from 30s. to £5 per acre had been realised from wood taken out in the four previous thinnings, which, as far as my information went, would give a gross return for the first forty years of about £8 or £9 per acre. In the year 1861 it was again thinned, when the sum realised for what was cut was about £10 per acre. In the year fol- lowing it was decided, in order to square up a neighbouring farm, that it should be wholly cut down. It was therefore put up in convenient lots, and sold standing, the purchaser cutting down and removing the timber, when it realised within a fraction of £35 per acre. After this the ground was let, with the adjoining farm, at a rent of 10s. per acre, for grazing and arable purposes. Now, let us calculate this more closely : — Rent of land for forty-five years, at 10s £23 10 Expense of planting and enclosing per acre, say... 4 10 Interest ou the original outlay of £l 10s. per acre, compound interest, at 5 per cent., pay ... 9 0 Expense of five thinnings, at 10s 3 10 near the seat of a large local demand, and was par- ticularly accessible, therefore the results were good ; but as against this, again, we mast consider that the realisation was immature, and the cultivable value of the land was greater than any lands I now propose should be planted. With these facts before us, I think it is abundantly evident that the hundreds of thousands of acres of waste lands in England, Ireland, and Scotland, which are at present realising nothing, and some not much more than Is. to 2s. fM. per acre, would pay to plant. If not themselves, at least in the shelter they would give, and the improvement they would exercise on the climate, and thereby add to the value of con- tiguous lands. I will now give another example, which, although in some respects different from the former, bears upon the same subject, and points to a similar result, although as yet, to a certain extent, unrealised. In the year 1865, 1 was employed by Lord Powers- Total outlay JL' :- 10 Returns during forty-five years First five thinnings, say Ultimate sum realised Showing nett profit, after paying rent, at the rate of 10s. per acre (the rent ultimately got for the land) of £14. If we then allow a deduction from this of £5, as the value of interest accruing in respect of unrealised rents of twenty-five years, we still have at our command a nett profit of about £10 per acre. I give this as an actual example of realisation at the age of forty-five years; but had this plantation been allowed to grow for another twenty years, at which it would have been at maturity from the nature of the soil, the results, based upon an equally healthy state of the timber market, would have been even greater. But while this may appear rather rosy, I am by no means disposed to say that all and every plantation would give similar results ; on the contrary, I am prepared to allirm that such would not be the case, because the plantation in question was cut over at a time when timber was selling well. It was growing • A paper read by Mr. C. S. France at the Aberdeen Horti- cultural Association on Janua-y b, 18PU. very fair revenue, and in particular the trees are being thinned out of them, realising from Gd. to Is. each, even in a district far removed from a timber market. It may be said that this is in Ireland, and that the climate there is much better than in Scot- land, but against this I have to say that the ground there was quite as bad as 9-10ths of the waste lands of Scotland, and the only difference is in the greater speed in the realisation of initiatory results. I may here state that the actual expense in planting those lands, including plants, planting and enclosing, draining being unnecessary, would be about £3 10s. per acre. I could quote many other instances which have come under my notice in different parts of the country, but I do not think it at all necessary to multiply examples. That planting waste lands will pay there can be no doubt, either directly or indi- rectly, and although the planter may not have the full return for his money, how many proprietors are reaping the benefit of their predecessor's foresight. I consequently hold that it is not only a reciprocal duty they owe to their successors, but a duty to the State, that the thousands of acres of barren waste lands, up to an altitude of at least 1000 feet above sea- level, should be gradually covered with woods, thereby storing up gradually increasing wealth for the national requirements in future years, when advanc- ing civilisation in the great sources of our present foreign supplies shall denude these lands of their virgin forests, and when the coal fields of our own country shall be so exhausted as to demand supplies of fuel for the great national industries. Let those, therefore, who are at present the pos- sessors of land look to it that they do their duty by their possessions, and in this matter of planting our bare hills, and perpetuating our supplies of timber, look upon themselves not so much as merely the recipients of what wise foresight has provided for them, but as the stewards of the resources at their disposal for future generations. The full appreciation of this, sentimental though it may appear, will carry with it not only present pleasure in planting, but the idea of, as it were, creating not only wealth to the nation, but beauty to the landscape must, in all well-constituted minds, be happiness of the highest order. Let, therefore, all those interested in land, whether directly or indirectly, by example and precept, exemplify the maxim alluded to pre- viously, " Aye be stickin' in a tree, it will be growin' when you're sleepin'." I |. 87. Ai'VMV "l U'.in ON IAXIFBAQA sARVllM'OSi. SE! !■. 236.) court as his forester on his large estates in Ireland, ami among other things Iwas instructed to direct and con- duct the laying out and planting of a large tract of waste land on his estates with the view to the improving and developing their resources. I may here say that he was one who possessed, in a very marked degree, those characteristics which ought to actuate every possessor of land. He saw in the afforesting of his estate, not only wealth to himself and his successor, but the improvement of the country generally, and the prosperity of its inhabitants. Well would it be if there were more such, not only in Ireland but elsewhere. We commenced planting in the autumn of 1865, and from that time till the spring of 1871, enclosed and planted over 1,000 acres of waste land— land practically yielding nothing, being bare rocky moun- tain pasture. From information I have got, through a communication his lordship made to the Timet newspaper in 1884, as well as private information I have from the forester and manager on that property, I learn that these plantations are now returning a Nursery Notes MR. C. TURNER'S. A bkcknt visit to Mr. C. Turner's nursery at Slough revealed a large stock of vigorous and healthy young Carnation plants. Among other varieties was the continental novelty Madame A. Warocqu<5, a sport from Malmaison ; it has flowers of rich crimson, shaded to a paler tint at the base of the petal, and it is stated that the plant is of dwarf habit ; if this be so, the novelty will become a favourite. This is not the best time of the year to visit a Carnation grower's collection, and only a few varieties were in a flower- ing condition. There was one fine white flower named Vesta which pleased us much ; also an un- named seedling, of a rosy salmon-pink colour ; the pod was long, and the flowers were borne up. Novelty is a curiosity rather than a beauty ; it is one of the slate-coloured forms — slate, with bright crimson flakes. Coronet is an intense rich scarlet, which recalls Rising Sun, but is more of a red hue-- very attractive. Madame Lombard, an introduction of last year, is a desirable flower, being rosy-magenta, very bright when the sun shines on it ; a fine dark crimson-maroon is seen in Baron Rothschild, the flower being also of large size. T. W. Girdlestone, yellow, with crimson flake ; and Herald, a new addition to the dark-coloured varieties, purplish-maroon, comprised the best of those in flower. Auriculas, of course, are kept in large 238 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1890. quantities, and a capital stock of plants is now at Slough. In the Camellia-house were several trees bearing a grand crop of bloom, which is used for the cutting from fimbriata, Reine des Fleurs, alba plena, and Lady Hume's Blush were the leading varieties. Other plants are also grown for cut flowers, and in this connection are Azaleas Deutsche Perle and indica alba, probably the two best varieties for the purpose. Flowers in Winter at Messrs. H. Cannell and Sons. A visit to the Swanley establishment at the present time would reveal not a few floral surprises, showing even at this comparatively flowerless period of the year what a wealth of subjects the florist has provided wherewith to make our plant houses inter- esting and attractive. Zonal Pelargoniums would seem to be perpetually in bloom here. Of new colours, we may mention the new shrimp-pink seen in Souvenir de Mirande, a variety certificated last year at the Temple show, and looking better now than then. In mauve there is E. Dean, the raiser says, that is nearly blue, but to that we demur. Dr. Tucker is a purple— the purple of Rollisson's Unique — rare in zonals hitherto. Rose-pinks abound, and magenta is not scarce ; blush-white is seen in Duchess of Fife; and crimson, tinged with purple, in Lord Brassey. There are very dark shades of colour and various scarlet tints, for whose names we must refer the reader to Messrs. Cannell's voluminous list. In white flowers we must not omit Amy Campbell, Lily, International, and Swanley, single flowered. Amongst miscellaneous subjects, three houses of Primulas were in full beauty, the notable varieties being White Perfection, Cannell's Pink, Improve- ment, red ; Swanley Blue ; Blush white ; Eynsford Pink, lovely rosy-pink colour; Her Majesty, pure white, a robust-growing variety ; Eynsford Red, a telling flower, the blooms being freely produced, &c. We noticed a fine batch of crosses and other seedlings of merit, some of them far in advance of anything in this way yet in commerce. They will doubtless be heard of. Cinerarias, both double and single-flowered, gave promise of being very fine about the middle of this month. Begonias, winter-flowering ; one house is just now in full beauty ; the following are a few of the most promi- nent sorts: — Semperflorens, gigantea, carmines, nitida, nitida alba, hybrida, multiflora, Carrieri, E. Pynaert, Gloire de Sceaux. A long house of Tree Carnations, just coming into flower, gave a welcome glow of colour. Amongst fine kinds, Bridesmaid is the best of all the whites, and Crimson King the best habit, flower, and colour of this class. Of course the older and popular varieties are grown, and in quantity, such as the indispensable Miss Jolliffe and other sterling sorts. Amongst winter flowering new varieties of Helio- tropes, White Lady is a very free-flowering variety, bearing large heads of bloom, fine habit, and under a system of warm treatment can be had in flower the greater part of the year — a decided acquisition amongst this deliciously-perfumed tribe of plants. Cyclamens, in a good sized structure, were observed just coming into flower, and promising some good things. Gesnera zebrina discolor, a grand lot, in full flower — orange, scarlet, aud yellow blooms. THE CLOVER AND GRASS CROPS. The Seed Trade. — An English estimate of the past Clover, Grass, and forage seed harvests, comes to us from Messrs. Hurst & Son, seed merchants, of Houndsditch. Nearly every season produces some conditions entirely different from its pre- decessors, and it is highly requisite that early know- ledge of the probable supplies should be procured in order that a true and fair market value may be established at the outset. A leading feature of the coming season will be a plentiful supply of English red Clover. Messrs. Hurst & Son have long advocated the superior claims of home-grown red Clover seed over almost all that is foreign grown, and their wisdom in doing this was strongly exemplified last summer, thus con- firming the experience of previous years by ex- periments carried out at their trial grounds with seeds sown in 188S and treated under equal condi- tions. With the exception of Lowland Dutch, which produced the heaviest yield of forage of all the trials, home-saved seed came most markedly in advance of any others, American and Canadian seeds producing the lightest. As red Clover is likely to rule moderate in price, there will be laudable economy in using seeds free from weeds. The recent Merchandise Trade Mark3 Act, if properly enforced, will undoubtedly help to prevent the scandalous frauds of previous years of mixing foreign seed with English, and passing it off as all of home growth. In reference to En glish red Clover and Cow- grass, Messrs. Hurst & Son say the crops are quite the converse ol what they were stated to be in their last report. From the fact that the hay crop was so abundant, and the prospects of the hay crop so good, farmers did not require Clover hay, and left their Clover leys for seed, so that a larger acreage has been cut for this purpose than for many years. Reports from the Eastern counties, do not antici- pate that the quality, or perhaps the yield, will be up to the average of good years in those districts ; but the Southern and Western counties will more than compensate for any deficiency, although it is ex- pected that generally, fine deep-purple coloured samples will be scarce. What is known as single cut Cow-grass is only saved over a limited area, aud from these districts we have reports that the ciop will prove an average one of medium quality. A3 to foreign red Clover, owing to the abundance of home-saved seed, foreign red is not so im- portant a factor with the dealers as last year. The crop in France is large, and much of the seed of good colour. Bold and clean samples from the northern provinces will command good prices, as with buyers a good sample is a prime consideration. Germany is reported to furnish a large crop of seed, but not of the finest quality; up to the present the few samples seen have been quoted at prices much in excess of current values. America has a large crop of small-grained seed. Canada has sent but little seed to this country for years ; in fact, she imports from the States a considerable proportion of her own requirements, and this year will have to do so again. On the Coutinent, dealers are holding over a considerable quantity of yearling red, which may eventually find its way to our market, and be sold at low prices. Of white Clover there is a large crop of English seed, the quality is inferior, injured by rain, and more than usually mixed with weeds. Germany has an average crop, and some fine samples are expected to put in an appearance from there as soon as frosty weather will allow of threshing taking place. Good growing yearling seeds are quoted at low prices at the markets. Alsike Clover is a fair crop in England, the quality varied, and generally the samples are poor in colour. Trefoil is also a large crop in this country, but the seeds under average quality. Lucerne is also of good quality, but a short crop, French-grown Sainfoin is a short crop, while the English crop of Giant is reported short, and to lack average quality. Of Italian Rye-grass, the crop of French seed is below the average both in quality and quantity. The Irish crop is very heavy, and of unusually good quality. Had it not been for the large yield in Ire- land, French seed would have ruled considerably higher in price. There is an exceedingly heavy crop of perennial Rye-grass of heavy natural weight, but prices are very low ; so much so, as to be quite unremunerative to the producer. In regard to natural grasses, owing to the greatly diminished demand duiing the past two years, most of them have declined in value. Timothy is in large supply at low prices. Cock's-foot is plentiful, but clean samples free from Holcus are difficult to get. Meadow Fescue is a short crop. White Fox-tail is a good crop of line quality. Dog's-tail is plentiful, and much finer than usual. White Mustard is a short crop in England, but large supplies of fine quality are coming in from the Continent and California. Rape is a very short crop, and the average in England is the smallest on record. Genuine home-grown samples are certain to command high prices. Home Correspondence. THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.— Re- cently attention was called to the fact that the loss of Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society was more than recouped during the past year by new guinea Fellows ; aud it is very obvious that now the public is beginning to understand how many privi- leges are offered to the guinea Fellow for so compara- tively smill a subscription, guinea Fellows promise to very rapidly increase. But all the same, this increase is by no means sufficiently rapid, because the society should have a constituencv of some three to four thousand instead of but 1000, as at present. Recently, on receipt of the annual report — with ac- companying appeal to secure, if possible, at least one other Fellow — I sent into the secretary seven names of residents in my locality, not unliktly to become Fellows, if properly invited from headquarters. Oddly enough, a very few days later one of these per- sons called and asked me to submit his name to the secretary of the society for election, although I had never mentioned the matter to him. I could perhaps later send a few other names for a like purpose. I men- tion this, because there are probably scores of Fellows who, like myself, have some considerable knowledge of the tastes and habits of persons in their respective districts, who would, if applied to, be not unlikely to become Fellows ; and were, say, one hundred names per month sent in to the secretary, and each of these were furnished with reports, and special appeals, it is probable that through such means a very large addition of Fellows might in time be made to the Society. It should be obvious that all round the suburbs of London may be found large numbers of persons who, being fond of their gardens, would be pleased to join the Society at the reduced rates of payment. Those who reside near London can attend the meetings, shows, and conferences, and sometimes visit Chiswick, much more freely than can country Fellows ; and for that reason the district round the metropolis should be widely worked. The recent proposals of Baron Schroder with respect to the providing of a permanent hall or home for the Society in London, lends additional interest to the Society's work just now. It shows to FWlows and outsiders alike that a real effort is being made to get free from the Drill Hall and its surroundings, and to make a central home worthy of the Society. The intention thus so enthusiastically promoted should be made as widely known as possible through the general press. If the public were led to perceive that the Society, so far from being in difficulty, was rising to higher flights, and looking confidently to success, its popularity would be enormously increased. The public believes in energy and success; and if assured of that will join in helping to that end freely. It is greatly to the Society's advan- tage that its ambitious scheme of a central home is in the hands of «o able a financier as Baron Schroder. Many will follow the Baron's financial lead, who would fail to regard the proposals of less capable men. In your leader report of the recent meeting, you mention that the Fellows did not exercise their right to nominate members of the Council. The fact that notices to nominate must be given fully a month previous to the date of the general meeting practically prevents any such nomination being made. Could that period be reduced to one week, and the Fellows more fully notified, say twenty-one days beforehand, that such nominations must be made by a certain date, it is most probable the privilege of nomination would be used at times. Although the Council doubtless make the best selections possible, yet it is certain they ought to find pleasure in inviting the Fellows to make nominations. The sending round of voting or ballot papers, when only sufficient nomi- nations are made to fill the vacancies created, is such a farce that some effort should be made to give the assembled Fellows an opportunity to exercise their voting franchise in a common sense form. The Council should consider that the Fellows have Jebbuaby 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 239 the same desire to promote the interests of the Society that the governing body has, and act accord- ingly. But for the speech of Baron Schroder, the proceedings of the recent general meeting would have been of such an uneventful kind, that Fellows could hardly be expected to find pleasure in attend- ing future ones. The greater the interest created, the greater will be the satisfaction with which the meetings will be regarded. The fullest confidence on the one hand will inspire confidence in return, and the interests of the Society be greatly benefited. A Sew Fellow. DIELYTRA SPECTABILIS.— Although this is one of the most beautiful of hardy plants, it is one of the most neglected ; at least, it would seem to be so, for how seldom it is that one sees it in flower borders; and yet, when it is met with, how very striking and handsome it is if in bloom. To have it at its best, outdoors, it is necessary to plant in a sheltered situation, as, owing to the early growth it makes, it is otherwise apt to be cut by- cold winds or damaged by frost, which cripple the young shoots, and thus spoil their floweriDg. One of the finest and most effective specimens that I ever saw was planted on a grave just in front of the white headstone, and a more appropriately suitable plant could not be thought of. with its gracefully drooping stems and branches with the " bleeding hearts " depending from them, looked so fitting and suggestive of being bowed down by grief. Not only is the Dicentra well adapted for the situation and purpose referred to, but it is equally so to brighten up a greenhouse ; it lends a cheerful aspect to the plant stages, and as a plant for a vase it is charming. When desired for the latter purpose, it should be gently forced under glass, as then the delicate tints of its foliage are heightened, and the colour of the flowers improved. Big plants may be taken up and divided into medium si/.ed pieces, these looking better in pots than large ones, except for certain purposes, as niches in corridors, &c. To propagate and prepare a stock, division of the crowns must be resorted to, and every portion that has a bud will form a plant if not allowed to dry and shrivel before being put into the ground. The time to do this is just before growth commences, and to grow them well the plants should be planted in light rich sandy soil in a warm place, a border under a sunny wall or fence being the most suitable. J. S. 8TATE OF THE 80IL — Those who have so far resisted the temptation open weather and soil in good tilth lias presented, to make early sowings of seeds, must have felt cause to rejoice when thej ■saw the weather of the loth inst. — heavy snowfall in the morning, and thin snow with cold rain and wind all day until a late hour of the night, followed bj white frost the next morning. How many must have felt that seeds were far better in their packets or bags, than sown in the open ground and exposed to 6uch dread influences as these. The greater portion of the failures which result after seeil sowing arises from the tendency to commit seed to the soil long before there is warmth and sunlight sullicient to crnate healthy germination. We had far more suit- able weather for seed germination in .January than we have bad since, but it would have been folly to have sown so early. We cannot hope, let the weather conditions be what they may early in the year, to have sullicient light to produce both robust and rapid growth until the middle of March is reached, and if the bulk of the seeds, excepting certain hardy Peas, Beans, &c, germinate in April, the better will it be all round. Slugs are as much as ever terrible pests to young seedlings, hut the more rapidly the young plants make growth the less harm results from the slugs. Plants that are checked in their early growth by an interval of frost, clouded sky, or biting east wind, never make good healthy growth later. Of course, sowing of seeds must be largely contingent upon situation, but I write chiefly for what are known as the midland or home districts. Those who haste to sow are often like those who haste to be rich — they only reap failure for their pains. A. I). L>ELIA ANCEPS DAWSONI AND ITS VARIETIES. — It would have been interesting if " .1. A." had told us why these new L. anceps should not have descrip- tive names. " J. A." says they are all varieties of L. a. Dawsoni. Now, admitting that, if some at least of these names are not kept, how shall we be able to distinguish the different varieties, of which there are three that are as dissimilar as Dawsoni is from L, alba. There can be no doubt that these plants were very much mixed up at the time they were imported, and there can also be no doubt that a great number of these plants are to be found under names which will very likely turn out to be wrong ones ; but, as far as I have seen, three distinct names must be retained to give an idea of the variety meant. Take, for instance, L. a. Stella or vestalis, which I consider are synonyms. Again, take L. a. Sanderiaua ; "J. A." does not consider that this ought to be classed with the others. I fear his mini is not altogether free from bias. My own impression is, that it is a strong rival of L. Dawsoni, which he flowered so many years since, and looks upon with parental affection, as well he may. There is now L. a. Schroderiana ; this, I have little doubt, " J. A.'' had not seen true at the time he penned his note. even if he has yet. This is the most distinct, and altogether the finest of those I have hitherto seen. The petals and sepals are larger than any of the other pure white varieties, as is also the labellum, with the exception of the orange-yellow stripe run- ning up into the throat. The labellum is lobed, and folded over at the apex of the wings in a way quite distinct from any other anceps, and which then spreads out flat and broad. This is the variety which will be sought after when it becomes generallv known. " J. A." asks, if a plant with seven spikes and thirty-five flowers is the best plant yet flowered ? I do not know if any finer have been flowered than one which I had here with twelve scapes, and fifty- one flowers; this was L. Sanderiana. A. G. Cait, Parktield. QUASSIA.- -I notice that this is recommended, or spoken of, as a preventive to birds devouring Cro- cus and fruit buds ; but bitter Aloes is far more powerful, as a tiny piece of that leaves a taste in the mouth that remains a very long time, but whether it would remain on fruit bushes or trees without some vehicle such as lime, or liquified clay, I do not know ; if it would do so it would be a boon, certainly, to growers of fruit, &c. •/. Shtppard. TREE CARNATIONS. -At Membland Hall, the residence of Lord Kevelstoke, near Plymouth, a lean-to house is devoted to Tree Carnations. In the centre of this house a bed is planted with plants which have flowered one winter in pots ; and there they are allowed to remain for two years, when they are thrown away, and the bed replenished with fresh Boil and replanted as before. Xarrow stages run along the front and ends, and on these stand the plants in pots. .Judging by the quantity of bloom in the house on January 29, the gardener, Mr. Baker must obtain a very large quantity of it during the winter. Con THE WEATHER AND THE FRUIT CROPS. — Applea do not appear to have moved much, although other fruit trees have done so in a marked degree. Pear bloom will soon be at the mercy of frost, and Pi a :he« too, which are getting forward, look well set with fruit-buds. The flower on nut bushes have been out in prodigious numbers, and as the weather was warm and favourable in East England, then' must have been a good set. Strawberries seem to beat rest, and to protect them the old foliage should be preserved, as this forms the best shelter for the young leaves and flowers, and the ground between the plants should not be dug or broken, but a mulching of half-rotten manure or short stable dung applied. J. S. MANURE TANKS.— I daresay that other owners of gardens have been bothpred as I have been in get- ting cesspools or manure tanks emptied to the bottom. A short time back I was in the garden of an experienced friend, when he showed me a chain pump he had bought at the auxiliary stores, and hud found it to answer its purpose perfectly. I bought one for Oakwood garden. My people then at first sight seemed not much taken with it, but now that it is in operation, speak very highly of it. It is simple in construction, and seems to pump every- thing up. It was new to me, so perhaps it may be so to others ; I suppose that it can be had from any horticultural implement seller. The rats and mice ate our flowers in the wild garden ; we had, there- fore, to wage war against them, and since ( October '■< have caught (j(! rats and 321 mice. George F. Wilson. CHINESE NARCISSU8 TAZE1TA GRAND EM- PEROR.— When this bulb is generally known, I have no doubt it will prove a general favourite. I planted two dry bulbs on December 20, and in five weeks, in an ordinary sitting-room, they were in full bloom, the two bulbs producing thirteen spikes, with sixty- live flowers on them. After three weeks they 6how no signs of fading. I planted them in rough stones, with a little sand on top. Whether they will be as luxuriant another season is questionable, as I think they must have received some special treatment to force their blooming powers. The perfume is very sweet, but rather different from other Tazettas. Octavius Corder, Brundall, Norwich, VISCUM ALBUM, OR WHITE MISTLETO.— This is a plant very much admired by most people, and always attracts attention when it is seen ; its remark- able habit of growing out of the body of trees always strikes the observer. This plant is to a tree what the cancer or tumour is to a human being, a parasite living at the expense of others. It is very easy to cultivate ; in fact, I find the greatest difficulty is to destroy it. Many persons are very anxious to obtain it, and say they cannot get it to grow. The only method I pursue is to take a ripe berry at any time, place it on the bark of a tree, and rub with the thumb up and down until it adheres to the tree ; and if the berry is a good one, and not injured by the lubbing, it will sprout. It matters not where you place them — no particular place is required, only it must be on a clean part of the rind ; it will sprout on a cannon ball, stone, window-frame, or anywhere; but after sprouting, and turning the radicle on to the part it is on, if it is not a suitable place, it will dry up. It makes a very small amount of growth the first year, merely leaving the berry and straightening out. It only makes one joint in a year, and it will also grow as a double parasite, as was shown in these columns some years since. There are different forms of growth ; some are very small in foliage, and others huge, and very long-jointed. There are masculine and feminine forms, as some never produce a berry, and are much velloner than those which bear fruit. J. S. C. STAKING YOUNG FRUIT TREES.— Where trees have to be planted which are three feet or more in height, it is much better to make them provisionally secure against the wind, until the soil has settled together with the roots of the tree. It is a good practice to secure each day all trees that have been planted, so that none blown may get loosened in the soil by the action of the wind and rain. This is not only a saving of much time in reinstating the trees, but saves also many roots that would otherwise be broken. The usual plan of securing trees from 2 feet, to 8 feet high, when not top-heavy, is to drive one stout stake into the ground, close" to the tree, and about one-third of the height of the tree. A piece of sacking or cloth about 3 inches wide is then bound round the bark of the tree, opposite the top of the stake which is intended to fix the tree in posi- tion by the aid of tar rope or some such material the tree is made secure to the stake ; but this, by the constant movement of the tree by wind, becomes loose, and the bark of the tree gets chafed against the stake, and the protecting pad slips down lower than where it was at first. I now adopt a much safer plan, and instead of driving the stake into the ground close to the stem, it is placed 1 foot from it, and in some instances rather closer. Pro- tecting material is used round the stem ; instead of using rope or tarred twine, we use a stout withe of Hazel, which is first bound round the tree, then twisted tightly which prevents the tree moving at all as long as the stake remains firm ; the withe is thru made secure to the stake. E. M. [If two or even three stakes are employed, aud the tree secured by withes or straw bands, as was figured in these pages, a tree is made secure even in the windiest of places. Ed.] HARDY PRIMROSES.— The show of the National Auricula Society is fixed for April 22, some three months hence, and yet I have scores of fine Primrose plants in just that stage of bloom- ing I should like to see them in early in April. As it is lifted and put into a greenhouse or frame, they soon come into full bloom. If some of those satiated persons who are always seeking for new sensations or methods of spending their money would construct a low span roof house, about 12 feet wide with a timber path running through the centre, make on either side half raised soil-beds, with some irregular rockwork on clinkers fixed on the surface, partly covered with moss, and plant in all the bare places strong Primroses of many colours, they would have a wondrously beautiful show of flowers from the beginning of the year, if not indeed earlier. Only sufficient warmth would be needed to keep the atmosphere dry during damp weather, and 240 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [Fbbbuaby 22, 1890. top heating would answer best for that purpose ; but during all ordinary open dry weather, no warmth would be needed. Where there were plenty of strong plants, and myriads may be had simply by sowing seed and planting out in bedding soil, exhausted plants from the house could be replaced by others from the open ground, and a charming succession of flowers maintained in this way for fully four months. A. D. CHRYSANTHEMUM MRS. S. COLEMAN. — One would imagine that that which I wrote on p. 697 of the last volume of the Gardeners' Chronicle, respect- ing this Chrysanthemum was an effort of the imagi- nation, if I may judge from the remarks of Mr. M. Russell, p. 52, where he says, " I probably had not even seen a flower of it developed from the crown bud," when in fact I saw the first flower of it that was staged by himself at the Portsmouth show. This flower, as I gather from his remarks on the same page, was from a crown bud ; this I think is sufficient proof that I really had an opportunity of seeing a flower of this variety in what Mr. Russell calls good form. I venture to say it will require to be considerably improved, or there will not be any necessity for me to alter my opinion that " Mrs. S. Coleman will prove less serviceable for exhibition than any of the type." E. Molyneux. CAMELLIA BUDS DROPPING. — All that your correspondent, Mr. Saunders, has said on the above subject does not affect my contention that Camellias which drop their buds are not necessarily unhealthy ; as those which do so with me occupy a similar position, and receive treatment in no way differing from those which flower so freely. The variety which occupies the back wall of the vinery and drops its buds, is Antwerpensis. The drainage is the same throughout the border. Mr. Saunders has not read my notes aright. I think, as I did not wish him to infer that these suffer from drought, for then I should have expected the whole of them — more or less — to have shed their buds. Turning back to his notes, vol. vi., and the advice he gives " Subscriber," p. 632, he says " immediate attention may preserve the remaining buds and flowers (with the proviso), should the plants be healthy." If the plants dropped their buds they are unhealthy, according to his views. Here he practi- cally admits that healthy plants may drop their buds. W, H. Stephens. [Healthy Camellia plants will, under certain conditions of management, cast their flower buds ; and unhealthy plants, that is, badly-rooted plants, in soured, wet, or very dry soil, always do so should they indeed set any bloom buds. Ed. | IRISH APPLE, QIBBON'S RUSSET.— I venture a word in praise of this little known Irish variety of the Apple. Hitherto it has been localised in the South of Ireland, and possibly neither scions nor trees have as yet reached England. I may be wrong. Can you, Mr. Editor, or any of your readers, give me the information ? Corionian. [It is not mentioned in the Apple Congress list. Ed.] Societies. BOYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. February 11.— Present: W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., in the chair ; and Professors Michael Foster, A. II. Church, H. Marshall Ward, D. H. Scott ; Messrs. G. F. Wilson, T. Francis Rivers, H. J. Veitch, W. F. Blandford, R. McLachlan, Dr. Oliver, and D. Morris. Mealy-hug at Alexandria. — Mr. Morris supple- mented the information already given by him respecting this new Egyptian pest, by reading a letter from Mr. J. W. Douglas, to whom the speci- mens had been sent, stating that the coccids had proved to be not only a new species but a new genus. It was proposed to describe them under the name of Crossotosoma regyptiacum. Growth on Stem of Cattleya. — Mr. McLachlan re- ported on a peculiar growth on the stem of a Cattleya from Brazil. This was at first supposed to be of the nature of a cocoon, but a careful examination of the structure had shown it to be a gall. Professor Mar- shall Ward undertook to make further examination. Sugar-cane borer at St. Vincent. — Mr. McLachlan drew attention to a disease in Sugar-cane at St. Vin- cent, where in some localities about 25 per cent, of the crop would be lost this year. According to Mr. Herbert Smith, who had examined the canes, a beetle of the family Scolytida:, and the larva of a moth, were concerned. It is probable that the beetles only enter the canes by the exit holes of the moths. The moth is probably a widely spread species, already known to attack Sugar-cane in other countries. The affected canes should be burned, and steps taken to de- stroy the moth in the localities specially frequented by it. Disease of Orchids. — Mr. Morris exhibited several specimens of a Cattleya attacked by a fungoid disease of apparently a very virulent character. From a specimen received about a fortnight ago, Mr. Massee, at Kew, had infected two or three healthy plants, and in three days the whole of the pseudobulbs had become diseased. Specimens of similarly affected plants were sent by Mr. James Douglas, from a gardener who was anxious to know if there was any remedy, as he feared his collection was in danger of being destroyed. The committee was of opinion that the disease, whatever the cause, was of a very virulent character. It was not the ordinary " spot " so well known to Orchid growers. The specimens were referred to Professor Marshall Ward, who had already given some attention to the subject. Orchid Hybrids.— Mr. H. J. Veitch exhibited Cypripedium LathamianumX, raised first at the Bir- mingham Botanic Gardens, by crossing C. Spiceri- anumj with C. villosum?. Messrs. Veitch had raised similar hybrids, and had, moreover, raised hybrids from the reversed cross. Plants from all three sources were shown. These agreed so closely in all essential points, that they must bear the same name. The fact of plants obtained by crossing, and also by reverse crossing, producing seedlings of almost exactly the same character, is very interest- ing. Similar results have been obtained by Messrs. Veitch in crossings which have produced Cypripe- dium Sedeniix, and Fuchsia DominianaX. Mr. II. J. Veitch also exhibited a new hybrid Dendrobium. The seed-bearing parent was D. japo- nicum, and the pollen parent D. Wardianum. The hybrid, D. Wardiano-japonicum had smaller pseudo- bulbs than D. Wardianum, but the flowers were nearly those of D. japonicum, only larger and with broader segments. They were also highly scented, as in D. japonicum. Canker in Apple Trees. — Professor Marshall Ward brought before the committee specimens of Apple trees badly affected with the so-called canker, on which there were numerous red perithecia of a Nectria. It is probable that the initial injury in this case had been caused by frost, and that the Nectria had established itself in the cracks thus formed. Abies nobilis. — Mr. James Douglas forwarded branches of Abies nobilis affected by gouty swellings, dne probably to the attacks of an Acarus (Phytoptus), or to iEcidium elatinum. Professor Marshall Ward kindly undertook to examine the specimens. London Fogs. — -Dr. Oliver and Professor Scott presented an interim report on the investigations undertaken by them respecting the effects of London fogs on plants under glass. Specimens of Orchids affected by fog had been received from Messrs. Veitch & Son, Chelsea; and of Tomato plants from the Superintendent of the Royal Horticultural Society's gardens at Chiswick. On the suggestion of the chairman, it was decided to take up an investigation of the chemical constituents of London fog, and trace the exciting cause of the injury to plants. The question was a very important one, and likely to demand considerable time and attention. In order to carry out the work under advantageous circum- stances, it was resolved to make application to the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society for £100. The following is a list of the members of the Committee for this year : — Burbidge, F. W., F.L.S., Trinitv College Gardens, Dublin. Church, Professor A. H., F.R.S., Shelsley, Rich- mond. Darwin, Francis, F.R.S., Wychfield, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge. Dod, Rev. C. Wolley, Edge Hall, Malpas, Cheshire. Elwes, H. J., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Preston House, Cirencester. Frankland, E., F.R.S., The Yews, Reigate Hill, Reigate. Gilbert, J. II., Ph.D., F.R.S., Harpenden, Herts. Godman, F. Du Cane, F.R.S., 10, Chandos Street, Cavendish Square, W. Llewelyn, Sir J. T. D., Bart., F.L.S., Penller- gare, Swansea. Lynch, R. Irwin, A.L.S., Botanic Gardens, Cam- bridge. McLachlan, R. F.R.S. , Westview, Clarendon Road, Lewisham, S.E. Michael, Albert D., F.L.S., Cadogan Mansions, Sloane Square, S.W. Miiller, Hugo, Ph.D., F.R.S., 13, Park Square East, Regent's Park, N.W. O'Brien, James, Harrow-on-the-Hill. Oliver, F. W., D.Sc, F.L.S., Royal Gardens, Kew. Pascoe, F. P.. F.L.S., 1, Burlington Road, West- bourne Park, W. Plowright, C. B., F.L.S., 7, King Street, King's Lynn. Salvin, Osbert, F.R.S., Hawksfold, Fernhurst, Haslemere. Scott, D. H, Ph.D., F.L.S., The Laurels, Bickley, Kent. Symons, G. J., F.R.S., 62, Camden Square, N.W. Veitch, H. J., F.L.S., Royal Exotic Nursery, King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Vines, Professor, F.R.S., Fairacres, Oxford. Ward, Professor, Marshall, F.R.S., The Laurels, Englefield Green, Staines. Wilson, Geo. F., F.R.S., Heatherbank, Weybridge Heath. Members of the Council are Members of all the Committees. Chairman.— Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, K.C.S.I., M.D., C.B., F.R.S., The Camp, Sunningdale. Vicc-Chairmen.— W. T. Thiselton Dyer, C.M.G., F.R.S., Royal Gardens, Kew ; Professor M. Foster, Sec. R.S., Great Shelford, Cambridge ; Maxwell T. Masters, M.D , F.R.S., Mount Avenue, Ealing, W. Hon. Secretary. — Rev. Professor G. Henslow, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S., Drayton House, Ealing. Baker, J. G., F.R.S., Royal Gardens, Kew. Blandford, W. H. F., M.A., F.R.S . 48, Wimpole Street, W. NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM. February 17. — A largely attended meeting of the committee took place at Anderton's Hotel, Fleet Street, London, on Monday evening last, Mr. E. C. Jukes in the chair. Six new members were elected, and the Norfolk and Norwich Horticultural Society admitted to affiliation. The meeting then proceeded to the election of five members of the Floral Com- mittee, the choice falling upon Messrs. George Gordon, W. Boyce, C. Gibson, H. Cannell (old members), and Mr. II. J. Jones. The dates of the meetings of the committee for 1890 were fixed for September 10, October 15 and 29, November 11 and 25, and December 10, 1890, and January 7, 1891. The sub-committee appointed to arrange for and carry out the proceedings of the Centenary Exhi- bition and meetings in November next presented an interim report, in which it was stated that they had arranged for a centenary festival, including an exhibition, conferences, banquet, &c, to take place on November 11, 12, 13, and 14, at the Royal Aquarium ; they recommended that the sum of £486 19s. Gd. be offered as prizes, independent of those specially contributed ; that they had intro- duced, as special to the occasion, a centenary class for forty-eight blooms, to consist of twenty-four incurved and twenty-four Japanese, distinct, the prizes being £25, £20, and £15 — the highest amount, it is believed, yet offered in such a class ; that they had accepted prizes and medals from the Veitch Memorial trustees, the proprietors of the Journal of Horticulture, Gardening World, and others ; that an advance in the value of the prizes has been carried out in most of the classes in the schedule ; they also proposed that a special Bronze Centenary Medal be presented to every exhibitor in the large cut-flower classes, 1, 3, and 10. All entrance fees will be abolished, save in the case of non-members. Special Centenary Medals will be struck, and one of these will be placed at the disposal of every affiliated Society. The report of the sub-committee was unanimously adopted, and the members were thanked for their labours. It was announced that the Marchioness of Headfort and Baroness Howard de Walden, with others, had consented to become patronesses of the Centenary Exhibition, the latter also sending a donation of £5. A vote of thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings. 1890.] THE GA It D E NE R S ' CHE ONICL E. 241 Law Notes. PROSECUTION OF A SALESMAN. Fkedk. Wise, who was lately committed at Bow Street Police Court for trial, was brought up at the London Sessions, Clerkenwell. before Sir P. Edlin, Q.C., on Tuesday last. Mr. G. P. Grain, instructed by Mr. C. Butcher, solicitor to the Nursery and Seed Trade Association (Limited), appeared to prosecute, and Mr. Besley, instructed by Sir. Ashton, solicitor, defended. The Grand Jury having returned a true bill, the prisoner, acting under advice, pleaded guilty. The facts of the case (stated the learned Counsel) were as follows : — Up to September, 1888, the prisoner was in partnership with a Mr. Hides, and occupied stall 360 in the Flower Market, Covent Garden. After he left that stall, he had memoranda forms and bill-heads printed, "Frederick Wise, 360, Flower Market, Covent Garden," and the false pretence allpged was that he thus held himself out as a bond fide stall-holder, whereas since that date he never had any stall inside the market, and by this means he obtained from Mr. T. Jannock, of Der- singham, flowers to the amount of £33 Is. ; from Mr. Cook head gardener at Compton Bassett, Wilts, fruit and flowers to the amount of £14 2s. ; and from Mr. Summers, head gardener, Sandbeck Park, Yorkshire, flowers to the amount of £7 5». id. — in all a total of £54 14s. id. When the prisoner was arrested, there were found in his possession letters and papers from other persons, but he (the learned Counsel) wa9 only prosecuting in these three cases. The prisoner had traded on the credit thas obtained, by representing himself as a 6tall-holder in the market, and had thus defrauded the prosecutors. In answer to the learned Judge, Mr. Grain stated that the prisoner had been, in January, 1889, warned off the market premises. The learned Judge, in passing sentence, said that hf would take into consideration that the prisoner had been in custody since January 10. He would only sentence him to three months' imprisonment with hard- labour. The Weather. fBy the term " accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. RAINFALL. Bright Sun. - se if. 2 % >• J * | Accumulated. 8 | sis 1 i i i a 1 1 a S i: 1 a '■ }- 2 "1 I". ELj| £ II 1 < i 0~6 ■t a * f1 1 X - k 3 is 11 is « H £ Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. Inch. l 2 — 2 39 +■ 4n — 47 4 — ■::, 8.7 40 17 2 4 - 0 sa 4- 40 - 52 1 — 27 5.3 13 21 3 2 — 0 84 + 36 - 69 2 + 24 2.7 17 21 4 4 — 0 41 + 33 — V: 1 + 29 3.0 43 28 6 5 — 0 si + 34 - 29 2 — 27 3.6 24 22 6 4 — 0 3.1 + 52 - 60 1 + 27 3.9 32 22 7 4 — 0 41 + 35 - 6.' 9 — 33 8.9 11 17 8 5 — 0 46 + 07 — 58 5 — 32 5.1 31 20 9 5 — 2 31 4- 28 + 6 8 — 31 6.1 24 24 10 4 — 0 M 4- 18 — 3! 6 - 31 5.4 .'.■( 24 11 3 - 7 26 + 20 — 9 1 + 35 8.0 26 27 12 2 — 21 11 + 73 - 21 4 + 36 S.7 49 28 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following :— Principal Wheat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. 5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing Ac, Districts — 7, England, N.W.; 9, England, S.W.; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending February 15th, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather was fine during the earlier half of the week, but subsequently became cloudy and un- settled, with heavy falls of rain in the southern and eastern portions of the kingdom. Snow or sleet fell in many parts of Great Britain on the night of the 14th or on the loth. " The temperature has been below the mean, the deficit ranging from 2° in ' Scotland. N.,' ' England, N.E ,' and the Channel Islands to 5° in the western and central parts of England. The highest readings were observed between the 10th and 12th, when the thermometer rose to between 47u and 51° in must districts; in 'England, N.E.,' however, it never exceeded 44°. The lowest readings, which were recorded on very irregular dates, ranged from 12° in ' Scotland, E.' (at Braemari, 18° in ' Scotland, N..' and 19D in ' Scotland, W..' to 27° in ' England, N.E.,' and ' England, S.,' and 343 in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been more than the mean in ' England, N.E.,' ' England, E.,' ' England, S ,' ' Ire- land, S.,' and the 'Channel Islands,' but less else- where. In the western parts of Great Britain the aggregate fall has been very slight. " Bright sunshine has been, upon the whole, far less prevalent than it was during the preceding week. The percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 11 in ' Scotland, W.,' and 13 in ' Scot- land, W.,'to 40 in ' Scotland, N.,'43 in ' England, E.,' and 49 in the ' Channel Islands.' " Markets. COlrENT GARDEN, February 20. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined report*, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and who are responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages (or the week preceding the date of our r.'(«>rt. The prioM depend upon toe quality of the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day. and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] No alteration. Business very quiet. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants a Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. i.d.s.d. i.d. i.d. I, dor.. 8 0-24 0 Arabs Sieboldi, doi. 6 Ajspfdigtrla, d Spitalfields : Feb. 18. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 90;. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 90s. ; Magnums, black land, 40s. to 50s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 55s. ; Lincolns, 45s. to 60s. ; Yorks, 50s. to 70s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 100s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: Feb. 19. — Quotations: — Magnums, 40s. to 65s. ; Regents, 50s. to 75s. ; Champions, 40s. to 60s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 55s. per ton. 242 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Febbdaht 22, 1890. Stratford: Feb. 18. — Quotations: — Scotch Mag- nums, 50«. to 75s. ; do. Regents, 50s. to 70s. ; do. English, light, 45s. to 65s. ; do., dark, 40s. to 45s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets daring the past week : — Clover, prime, j3s. to 96s. ; do., inferior, 46s. to 75s. Best hay, 60s. to 90s. ; do., inferior, 26s. to 50s. Straw, 26s. to 38s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current iveefe. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than sic should be sent at one time. Address. — Will Mr. W. H. Aggett, who sends com- munications to us, kindly say where he resides, not necessarily for publication, but as an earnest of good faith. Alder, Root-Galls: J. W. Not uncommon. There are two forms — one caused by a fungus, the other by a mite. Apple Stocks : F. Y. See Gardeners' Chronicle, March 9, 1889, p. 296, where will be found an account of the various stocks employed. Book on Trees and Shrubs: E. S. Handbook of Hardy Trees, Shrubs, and Herbaceous Plants (De- caisne, Naudin, and Hemsley), Longman & Co., London. Books : Ajax. Get Henfrey's Elementary Course of Botany, by Dr. Masters (published by Van Voorst). Bryophvllum calycindm : D. E. Peg the leaves on to the surface of moist soil in gentle heat, and you will find small buds originate from the edges. Bulb Mite : J. Marshall. The bulb of Eucharis sent by you is infested by the mite. Cattleya Hermiseana : T. L. C, Liverpool. This often appears with imperfectly developed flowers, similar to those you send. This may be partly because the plant is not yet well established with us, and partly on account of its flowers being pro- duced in our dull season. It is distinct from C Skinneri parviflora. but what its relation to typical C. Skinneri may be has not yet been fully deter- mined. This and several others which botanists might consider simply varieties of C. Skinneri am amply distinct for garden purposes. It is better to persevere in the tolerably cool treatment you give. The plant will doubtless behave better next year, and would not have done better with more heat. C >rrection. — " Earliness of Vegetation in the Scilly Islands," on p. 207 in our last issue, for " H. Tonsem,"read Mr. J. C. Tonkin. Crickets in the Greenhouse : A. G. G. Try putting diluted carbolic acid into their haunts ; it will drive them away. Killing them is labour in vain ! Currant bud Mite : D. B. The numbers are out of print. Unfortunately, you can do nothing but burn affected shoots. Encourage the torn- tits. Fruit-farming in Essex : I). I). We cannot advise you, as the circumstances are so varied ; but this we may safely say — do not put all your eggs in one basket, but let, all your eggs be of the first quality. Hall for Horticulture: An Alarmed Fellow and many others. The Society, being scarcely out of the frying-pan, will hardly, as Buch, commit itself to any such folly as is supposed. The scheme, as we understand it, leaves the Society, in its corporate capacity, quite free. Landscape Gardening: P. Whttteley's Observa ion published in 1770, was the first complete treatise on landscape gardening. Names of Plants: ./. K. Toxicophlcea Thunbergii. — G. R. T. Odontoglossum triumphans. D. E. Bryophylrum calycinum. Orchid Flowers Dying : Secretary. We cannot say for certain what may have caused the flowers sent to turn yellow, but it may probably have been caused, as you suggest, by an escape of coal-gas. Orchid Peat : B. M. Not a good sample for the particular purpose, though otherwise it is good. Knock out as much of the soil as possible from the lumps. Paper Pots : Somerset. We do not know. The makers should advertise. Packing Flowers for Long Journies: Florist. Pack in boxes not more than 2 inches deep, 1 foot wide, and 1 foot 8 inches long. These should be made to fit into a light crate easily, but without movement. Use no wadding in the boxes amongst the flowers. Very choice things may be wrapped singly in thin tissue paper, and very clean live moss used to separate things. Many kinds of flowers travel with the least amount of injury in bunches often to twenty blooms, notably Narcissus, Tulips, Freesias, and the like. Camellias, fine Rose blooms, Gardenia, Eucharis, Stephanotis, Allamanda, travel best when embedded singly in the moss. Strew moss lightly over all, or place tissue paper. Pack with a moderate degree of firmness. Shellac for Florists' Gum : Shellac. The formula you give is a proper one, but perhaps it was not allowed to remain sufficiently long in a warm place ; or, the spirits used were too much diluted. Use strong methylated spirit. Tuberous Begonia : H. J. The tuber may be shaken out of the old soil ; the old roots trimmed off and repotted, burying two-thirds of the tuber ; soil light, rich, somewhat sandy. The tuber may then be put into a pit or house, with a night tempera- ture of 55°, with 10° to 15° rise in the day time. Do not give any water if the soil is moist ; and. water carefully, and only when it is very dry. AVhen young shoots appear, and are 2 to 3 inches long, any of these taken off with a very thin layer of the tuber will strike in sandy soil in heat under a bell-glass or case. Keep the mother plant in warmth, and near the glass, until June, when it may be planted out-of-doors ; or it may be kept in a pot, and receive slight shifts as may be required. Zonal Pelargonium: T. E. B. The appearance is due to over-feeding. There is nothing to fear. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Luther Burbank, Santa Rosa, Sonoma County. California. — Novelties, &c. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset. — General Cata- logue for 1890. Strachan and Thomson, 145, Union Street, Aber- deen, N.B. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds, &c. Joseph Breck & Sons, Boston, Mass., U.S A. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. &c. E. Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge. — Farm Seeds. James Wright, 49, Granby Street, Leicester.— Vegetable and Flower Seeds. William Strike, 62, High Street, Stockton-on-Tees. — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Richard Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W. — Primroses, Pansies, Potatos, &c. J. R. Beckwith, 3t, Guildford Street, Leeds — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Communications Received.— Dr. L.. Nova Scotia.— Dr. B.. Midiielburgh, Holland. — Secretary of National Horticultural Society of France.— L. R.— O. H.. Malta.— C. de B.— .1. ,T. W.— H. Ellacomb.— E. H. Woodall.— .1. B.— A. D.— A Fore- man (please send full name and address). — J. O'Brien.— J. R. J W. H— R. M.— E. M.— R. B.— S. H.-W. H. Aggett.— A. D. W.-.7. W.— VV. E.— Chas. Wood — W. 11 — A. Taylor.— P.. A. R.— J. G. B.— D— P. E. N.— J. C. T.— V. — C. W. D.— VV. D.— J. W.—X. E. (next week).— P. N.— W. T. T. D. -H. .1. V.— A Fellow.-J. W. DIED.— At 5, South Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, February 5. Caroline Matilda Lawson, beloved wife of George Lawson, Professor of Chemistry, Dalhousie College, and daughter of the late William Jordan. Halifax. A Prolific Vine.— Two thousand two hundred bunches of Grapes on a Vine tree have, according to the Grazer Tagespostr, been counted, at Wildon in Styria, Austria, by a special commission. The Vine is twenty-two years old, and divides 7 feet above ground into five branches, which, resting on a wire frame, cover a courtyard measuring about 140 square feet. The Vine is an Isabella, a variety of Labrusca. \\\\jIl|lll/7///, &W\ I I'M*, FOR PLANTS. QUICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. This is a Plant Food of great excellence, carefully prepared with the view of supplying a manure which shall contain all the elements necessary for the Perfection of Plant Life, and at the same time be QUICK IN ACTION, LASTING, AND ECONOMICAL. The ingredients have been so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, permanent benefit is secured by a continuance of nourishment to the plant. It is safe in use, and suitable for every purpose where a manure is required. Sold by Seedsmen, Florists, and Xursen/tnen, tn 6d. and IS. Packets, and SEALED BAGS:— 71b. 14 1b. 281b. 58 1b. 112 1b. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Bag, and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the mouth of each Bag. A Sample Packet will be sent post-free, oil receipt of Is. by the Manufacturer— S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH AXY OTHER FIRM. DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with "KILLMRIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices, Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to The " Stott " Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. PEAT, SAND, LOAM, GARDEN NETTING, &.c, at special low prices. Price List Post-free on application.— BRINKWORTH and SONS, Reading. AWN MOWERS. — The " EXCELSIOR " ( Pa tent)has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best fur keeping the Lawu in prime condition. The patent "NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN ani> COLDWELL, M'f'G. Co.. 223, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. The largest makers of Lawn Mowers in the world. CARSON'S PAINT Patn entr OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Trames, &c. 1 Cwt , and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices. Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. -Discount for Cash. 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 243 I light, strong. Messrs. Dlcksons. Limited. Chester, writ.' : -•• The Flower Pots you have so largely suppl ed us and well mads, and in every re.i.-;. t highly satisfactory." Messrs. Richard Smith & CO., Worcester, Write:—" We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your 'Garden Pot- ' they are well made, light, vt strong, and we like th.-in better than any others we have ever used." Mr. William Bull, 536" King's Road, Chelsea, London, writes:—" For nearly thirty years I have been using your iu id still find th.-i Largest Manufacturer- in the world Half I, heapesl ■ free on £10 orde nillions in stock. Carriage and b ders. Samples free. Address RICHARD SANKEY & SON, bulwell potteries, NOTTINGHAM. hSTABLISHED 1818. 55, LIONEL STREET, BIRMINGHAM. HENRY HOPE HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HEATING ENGINEER. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. NEW CATALOGUE oi Greenhouses & (iarden Frames, just issued will be sent, post-free, to any address, on referenoe to this advertisement. SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES lnaVoBrlze3' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. 3 2 3 ° 3 a (irrrrnTrT TrTrrnri R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, 8tovee, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &- . oMtru pt'rfpftion of growing QOUBee, aivi for practical utility, economy, ana d -liability caum! and th.lt THE VFRY BKST. Conservatories and Winter Gardens 'l^innci unlnf+'ittifally correct without t ha a*wj stance of any one out of our firm, from t&e smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and succetw Kuorantead in ail casee. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, alwaye in stock. Plans, tiistimates and Catatoyuvs free. Customsr* waited on in any pari of the Kingdom. Our MaJtim in mil always haa been — MODERATE OHAROBS. PIRBT-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from the roots of large Specimen Plants, Pots, Lawns, &e. It is easily and cheaply applied, and will not harm the most delicate plant. In bottles. Is., 2s. 6d.t 7s., and 12s. 6d. each. FOWLER'S GARDENERS1 INSECTICIDE for destroying and preventing Insects, Wight, and Mildew infesting Plants and Trees. It is easily applied, either by Dipping. Syringing, Sponging, or as a Winter Dressing. Does not require cleansing off with water; will not stain or injure any more than plain water ; and gives the foliage a bright, clean, and healthy appearance. In Jars. Is. 6a., 3s., 5s. 6rf. and 10s.; and in Kegs, 28 lb., 21s.; 56 lb., 42s. ; 112 lb., 84s. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the Special Eradication of this most troublesome of Stovehouse Plant Pests. It is easily applied, either with a small brush or vaporiser; is instant destruction to both insects and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. In Bottles, Is., 2s. 6d„ 5s., and 10s.; Half-gallon, 21s.; One Gallon, 42s. each. ELLIOT'S "SUMMER CLOUD" SHAD- ING, for Greenhouses, Conservatories, Skylights, and all Glass Structures that require Shading Material. In packets. Is, each. EWING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. In Bottles, Is. id. and 3s. each ; per gallo i. 12s. TOBACCO JOTCE, extra strong, specially pre- pared for evaporating. 10s. 6d. per Gallon. UNEQUALLED DRESSING for LAWNS AND FOR DESTRUCTION Of WEEDS. A trial Tin will prove its efficacy. PRICES : — In Tins, Is., 2s. id., is.; and in Casks, 8s. id., 16s., 30s. CORRY, SOPEK FOWLER & CO., Ltd,, 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists. ENU1NE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 11 ft. I ins. by -1 ft. 6 ins., JCs doz.j Heavy Petersburg, 7ft. by 3ft. Sins., 12s. doz. SPBI I w.itk TOBACCO PAPER, 10i. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. peril,., 281b.forS6». ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per Back. PEAT. LOAM, SAND, MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W, HERBERT anp Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses. South wark Street. London, S.E. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT fob SALE, Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto, Light Sandy ditto for Orchids, A/al.ais. It lod. iidrons. Heal lis, ,tc, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gravel lor drives, concrclc. gravel, screenings, ind, fcc. For particulars applj to Mr. J. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. 1RMAL FERTILISER Pric For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN, 7 1b. 111b. 28 1b. 66 1b. 2s. 6s. f 9s. vt. 14s. And in lid. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Lid., l-'l, Bishop .pile Street. Within, R.Ciimi] Kiiriiham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesaled Messrs. HURSTiNliSON. lo2.11oundsditrh. London GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since lH.Mt against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, llrcen Ely, and Other Blight. 1 to II ounces to the gallon of sofi -water; 4 to ltt ounces as winter dressing (or Vines and Or. hard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight, Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s., and 10s. id. G1SI1URSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale From PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. SIX CABINET l>ORTRArTSi"3sT; three for 2s. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for is. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. Greenhouse Fires. Stoves, &c. SMALL COKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. .7. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. AWN MOWER for SALE.— Large Horse Machine, by Green, in good working order ; cut 30 inches, oilers invited.— The GARDENER. Tenterden Hal Hendon, N.W. 244 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [February 22, 1890. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. LI G N O L I N E. — Best preservative of wood against adverse influence of climate, dampness of soil, &c. Arrests decay, absolutely destroys all fungi-growths, and forms a permanent external protection. It leaves a brownish colour upon which any other colour can be laid. Price in casks, 22s. id. per cwt. ; sample tins, 2s. 3d. per gallon, delivered in Manchester and London. EDWARD SCHERY, 134, Deansgate, Manchester. XTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, \±rt. yard ; 4 yards wide, 3d. yard ; or 2 yards wide. 10s. per 100 ; 1 yards wide. 20s. per 1011 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1 yard wide, 2d. yard ; 2 'yards wide, id. yard ; 4 yards wide. 8d. yard ; 12 yards wide, 2s. yard. COTTON NET, nine meshes to square inch. H vards wide. Id. yard run. W. CULLING JORD. 127, Field Road. Forest Gate. London, E. /?1ARDEN POTS.— Ours are unsurpassed by V.J any in the Trade— well burnt yet porous. " The best for growing plants in that I have ever used."-Mr. Whalley, Head Gardener to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Orchid Pots. Seakale and Rhul.iirli Pots. Seed Pans, &c. Send for Price List. THOS. PASCALL and SONS. South Norwood Pottery. S.E. Samples, carriage free; or can be seen at Mr. SMYTH'S, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane. W.C. HAWKINS' PERFECTION SYSTEM of GLAZING is the best. No drip, no exit of hot air CUCUMBER or MELON FRAMES, single. 6 feet bv 4 feet 27s. ; double ditto, 8 feet by 6 feet, with two lights. 45s • just about half the usual price.— HAWKINS. Ashford. Middlesex. Cheapest house in the world for all kind of glass erections Note the following : 100 by 20. £90 ; 60 by 15. £62 ; 40 by 12 £10. Estimates free.— HAWKINS. Ashford. Middlesex. ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply — E. T. RUSSELL AND CO., 60.Wharf.lale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if keptout in all weathers; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Nettine at 50 ..mare vards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEORGE KOIilNSON, Fish Merchant. Rye, Sussex. Established 200 Hills. CONWAY C. WARNE / Successor to >. ^John MatthewsJ> The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FOR FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. PRICE LISTS FREE. C H EAP FRAM E S, To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS areoffering Arch- • angel Matslower than any other house in the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Rags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England: £ g d 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. f Carriage ) 2 6 6 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and / 3 2 6 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 ^gases ( * 15 0 Might frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FR E E. J 8 10 0 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skklton, Seedsman. &c, 2, Holloway Road.N. H O S. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks. Stourbridge. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES, &c, Meet high, with eight lim-sof Galvanised Wire. Id. peryard. Terminal Posts, with Rai.lisseurs. 12s. id. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of wire, id. per yard. Terminal Posts with Rai.lisseurs, 8s. id. each. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, 6 feet high, eight wrought bars. ' inch diameter, 4s. tier yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER, 8 feet high. 5 feet span, 9s. 6'/. per yard. WALL F.TTINGS, Raidisseurs. one for each wire, 3s. par dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, id. per doz n. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks, 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high. Is. 9d. each; 6 feet high, 3s. id. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES Japinned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3/. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high. 4j. 6d. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS. 18 inches wide, in 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each . PE\ OR SEED GUARDS. 5s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span, 8s. id. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. H feet long. 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long. 6s. 4./. f Illustrated revised Price List on application, frt a A R D E N REQUISITE S.— Sticks, Labels. Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo , Rustic Work. ,\ anures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL, 90, Lower Th mesStreet, London, E.C. FRIGI DOMO CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND CLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it is applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen,or Benjn. Edgington, London Bridge, s.e. NOTE.— The words "FRIGI DOMO" are registered under the Trade Marks Act. and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded against. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This is a very strong and handy Frame, 14 inches high at the sides, and 27 inches at the ridge. The Lights turn quite over, are fitted with set-opes and stays, and are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. \ (£2 15 0 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash 4 7 6 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ ( Prices. 5 17 6 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ /Carriage! 7 7 6 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ Paid. 8 17 6 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ 1 l 10 7 6 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BOILERS. HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS. POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING. &c. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthneld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRONWORKS. S T A F FORDS HIRE. New Pattern Tree Guard, "THE PORCUPINE." The maximum of utility and (lie minimum of cost. Constructed of strong Iron Uprights and Galvanised Barbed Steel Wire. Price, 10s. 6d. each. Testimonial^. The Gardens, The Whittern. Kingston, Feb. 9, 1888. Dear Sirs,— The 100 Barbed Wire Tree Protectors you sent to Mr. Green's order I have now fixed to the trees, and I feel bound to say that I never saw anything in the shape of a tree-protector equal to them. I think I shall be able to add further testimony after the cattle are turned out in the spring. —Yours faithfully, J. Wearing. The Gardens. The Whittern. Kingston, Sept. 26, 1888. Gentlemen.— The 100 Porcupine Tree Guards you supplied to Mr. rder have proved a great u fact, they are the best I i'M ever aaw. These guards stand well I'm ., r, against the trees, there- in'AAl /«.■'* *ore ca-ttle cannot, and attempt reacn tne branches. I would strongly recom- mend anyone who contem- plates planting trees, and wishes to know which is the best guard to use, to give pattern '* C " a trial. Yours faithfully, Messrs. Hill & Smith. J. Wearing. February 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 245 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising-. Head L nech irged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £'0 8 6 5 » . 0 3 6 16 „ . . 0 9 0 6 „ . 0 4 0 17 „ . . 0 9 ti 7 „ . 0 4 6 18 „ . 0 10 0 8 ., . 0 5 0 19 „ . 0 10 6 9 ii . 0 5 6 20 „ . 0 11 0 10 „ . 0 6 0 21 „ . . 0 11 6 11 ii . 0 <; 6 22 ., . . 0 12 0 1* » . 0 7 0 23 „ . 0 12 6 13 „ . 0 7 6 24 ., . . 0 13 0 14 „ . 0 8 0 25 „ . 0 13 6 iXD SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LIN If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will I If set across three Columns the lowest charge wi] Page, £8; Half Page. £i 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, \s. 6d\, and 6i. for every additional line (about 9 word*) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS ML'ST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcement* of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned aguimt having Letters addressed to Initials at Putt-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 153.; 6 Months, 73. 6d.; 3 Months 3S. 9d. Foreigv (excepting India and China), including Postage, 178. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d. Post-oltice Orders to be made payable at the Post office, 42, DRURV LANK. W.C , to W. RICHARDS. Publishing Office and ' Iffice for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London. W.C. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. rpiIK RAILWAY PASSENGERS' A A83UBANCE company Assures £lu«o at death and full Benefits at £1 per annum. Hon. I-am.iv Asm. iv. ('Lair-man. Annual Income, tl.'.'xi. 80.000 Annuul I'olicy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £_•<>, unci. Compensation punl, £2,7 West End nil,.,- -. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office:— 61, Coruhill. London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary. ESTATE SALES. The ii.-st County Medium fur Advertising Sales of BaUtea Ii THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 17;M. The Leading County Paper, Extonaive circulation anionic the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and udj, n counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans an I particulars of Estate*, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Ho,,ks. and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " IIKKALIJ." Sales of Stick and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD " is tin- most eff.-, tive organ for giving publicity to announcements of thlsolaes, n lathe leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise In the ■• Wl IBCESTKB HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the " WOBUESTER HERALD" is re -oguised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPEC/ MAW /•' It E A- . Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. orncKsi— 7>, uiuh street, Worcester. WANTED, TO SELL, 8 volumes, "DIC- TIONARY of GARDENING," by Nicholson, of Kew. Cost £3 Ss. Would sell cheap, E. P.. Brackenhurst, Cobham. Surrey. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. HIGH-CLASS Kill 'HEX GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improve! Cultivation of all Vegetables. ];v William Earley, Author of " How to Grow Mushrooms," "How to Grow Asparagus," &c., Stc. Crown 8vo, with Coloure I Frontispiece. Brio MLS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION tothe FLOWER GARDES. A complete Guide tothe Management and Adornment of Gardens of every si/e. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price is. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. \ THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. | United and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. Making the L.ir -. 7 -. 0 ttst. Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10s. ONE. E. H. LIB BY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— ring Gardens, Charing or Advertisements and Sat L'opy post-free for \l)d. (stamps). YOUNG WOMEN' who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, an I make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 112, Recent Street, London. W. Situations (or all Pupils at noil salaries. PARTNER WANTED. An active Man, experienced Grower, under Gl las, I I rwers, kc., close to and for London Market. This is a good opportunity for a young ii an with b II am ill c ipil .1 to ratabl h hims I Address, ,i. COBHAM, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, ii, Wellington street, Strand, w C, WANTED, a HEAD WORKING QAR- DENEIt. -Married, no children ; f,,r pla.-e 30 miles from London; tthortughlj understand biibus'ness. Wife to D ind Laundry with hep. v competent lervanta 30f. p.-r w,-.-k, cottage and coals. Mrs, BARCLAY, Whitney w„,,,i, Stevenage. GARDENER WANTED^ at the Essex I..- dustri ,: Si hool to work with and teai Ii Boya Kit ben 1 Mark. I Oar, I, ■ g. Mn.l I Miiia-tciit I, I, .11,..-. and keep In ol ground. Wages, >0j p.-r «.-,'-k. with house, garden free.— Apply by letter, in own handwriting, to ti. I,'. . Mr. .1. Urittain fash, Chelmsford - thi nplo>in.-iil , h onlj i MESSRS. I. SANDER and CO. are in WAN! ■■( TWO thoroughly experienced ORCHID GROWERS for Private Place, Ages about 35, unmarried Applications, with all particulars, to E. SANDEB am, CO., St. All,,, us, Herts, WANTED.aMAN and WILL, without in- cumbran Small Earm about I teres, pasture. The man must thoroughly understand Frnfl Grow ing and Stock; hi- wife Dairj and Poultr\. and do Plain Cooking.— WALTER COBB, Silverd de Lc Ige, Syienham. \y ANTED AT ONCE, a thoroughly expe- v v rieiiced M\N, to Grow Cucumbers, Tomatos, M ush- rooms, and a Small ( ral Collection of Market plants. He will have lo attend a Market twice a-weak, with Seed md Plants. Ton trustworthy, active man this will be a p ,,,,, Dent place.— State full particulars to Wu. KERSHAW, Blngley, forka, ANTED, THREE young MEN, experienced in Grape, Tomato, and Cucumber Growing.— E. ROCHFORD, Cheshunt, Herts. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, TWO or THREE yonng MEN. to Asahvl In Growing Cucum- bers and Tomatos. ti,M„l references.— Apply, stating \\.,K'.-s required, to 23, lli^li sir. . t. Cardiff. ANTED, for Market Nursery, TWO young MEN, quick nt Potting and Watering. Si lie age and wages, with bothy. Also for brunch Nursery, j oung MAN used to Tomato Growing, and ONEgood spade ii'a ..l. one used to Bulb Planting preferred. State age and wages, to TURNER BROS.. Nurserymen and I lorists, Qarston. Liverpool. SALESMAN WANTED, for a Florist's Shop. Good at Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses. Spraya, &c — N. B.. Gardeners' C ronicle Olhce, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. _ Seed Trade. Y\7" ANTED, INVOICE CLERK, quick at » v Figures, and generally useful in Office.— Address, with full particulars. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Making Wreath-, Crosses, Bouquets, &c. ; one used lo Manet Work preferred. — Age, wages, and experience to HORTUS, Fisblock Bros., Florists St. John's Market, Liverpool, GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. A. Young, for the last ten years Gar- dener at Taymouth Castle, Berth, " has been appointed Gardener to Sir J. A. Hay, Bart., Kingsmeadows, l'eebles, N.B. Mr. AY. Cunison, late Head Gardener to W. M. Tufnell, Esq., Hatfield Place, Chelms- ford, has been engaged as Head Gardener to Panmurk Gordon, Esq., Loudwater House, Rickmansworth, Herts. Mr. W. Brooks, late Head Gardener to C. T. Jacoby, Esq., Lyegrove, Chipping Sodbury, has been appointed Head Gardener to H. G. Lake, Esq., F'airlawn House, Chiswick, Middlesex. Mr. F. Knight, late Foreman at Warren House Gardens, Great Stanmore, has been engaged as Head Gardener to D. Bb.0MU.0W, Esq., Bitteswell Hall, Lutterworth. Mr. W, Win. Edwards, formerly Gardener at Honeylands, Waltham Abbey, Essex, has been engaged as Head Gardener to J. H. Saunders, Esq., Porter's Park, Shenley, Herts. Mr. Bitow.Vjfrom Davenham ( iardens, Malvers, is engaged as Gardener to Capt. C. W. D. Pkrhins, Ashtield, Malvern. Mr. T. Townsend, from Davenham Gardens, Malvern, is appointed Orchid Grower to Sir I'm is. S. Bazklky, lit., Hatherop Castle, Fair- foul, Glos. Mr. (i. P. Revens, for the past three years Gardener to the Lev. Lord C. E. Fitzroy, of Huston Rectory, Thetford, has been engaged as Gardener to \V. Rot/ght, Esq., Bury Load, Brandon, Suffolk. WANT PLACES. Letters aditressed "Posts Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. POST A L ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. —it is very important in remitting by postal Order thtt it should be fuied in piyablc at No. i.3, OliCRi' LANK, to W. RICH AUOS. as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it hat been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, a is impOBtibU to prevent any person into whose hunts U may fall from negotiating it. N. IS.— 'The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST- O WICK MONK}' ORDKR, NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances m Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the tender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish reveated. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest, investigation.— JOHN llllWNIE, Seedsman, 111. Pri s Street. Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or hardeners. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all t mi, -s upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, sei era! ol whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be- made to j:i7 and Kill. High Holborn, W.C. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. 1} B. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with \j. every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS. EoRESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will lie pleased to furnish full particulars on application. — 17, Frederick Street. Edinburgh. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Curlisle, invite correspondence with Lauded Proprietors. Agents, and others requiriog the servicesoftiAltDENERS. FORESTERS. and EARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character aud ability, such as they would be glad to recommeud. 246 THE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. [Febbdaey 22, 1890. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving application, from Gardeners seeking situations and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly ™pecJ.ableMEN °£ known ability and first-class character.- THUS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. Gardeners. Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All V™^^* °£ «PffiaSl ■• Telegraphic and Postal Address— " DICKSONS, CHESTER. GARDENER (Head), where two or three others are kept.-Understands Vines, Peaches, Nec- tarines, Melons. Cucumbers, Stove, Greenhouse, kitchen, and Flower Garden. -GARDENER, Piercetield, Chepstow. GARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; eighteen years' experience in good places. Thoroughly competent in all branches. Good references. Abstainer.— F. C, Tongham, Farohani, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept.— Age 29; seeks engagement with Lady or Gentleman requiring thoroughly competent and trustworthy man.— SCHOLEY, Broome Hall, Dorking. GARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept.-Age 29. single ; thirteen years' practical 1 expe- rience in all branches; with good references.— AKCHD. McMASTER, 6, Maswell Park Villas, Hounslow. GARDENER (Head), one or two under.— Married, two children; well up in all branches. Fourteen years in last place.-W. PEARCE, Manor House, Waltham St. Lawrence, Twyford, Berks. GARDENER (Head) ; married, one child — J. BLACKBURNE, Elmstead Grange, Chislehurst, can with confidence recommend his Foreman, H. Penfold, as above. Thoroughly experienced man.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head). — Age 36; Scotch. Nineteen years' practical experience in all brandies. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches. Melons, Cucumbers &C. Five and a half years' excellent character as Head.— W. IS., 4, West Street, Nursery Road, Chester. GARDENER (Head).— Mrs. Gwyn can re- commend her Head Gardener, who has lived in her service eight years, to any Ladv, Nobleman, or Gentleman, reiluirino-athoroiRhh practical all-round Gardener— GEORGE LANGSTONE, Dyffryn, Neath, S.Wales. ARDENER (Head).— Age 28; thoroughly experienced in Gardening in all its branches. Can be well recommended by previous employer-, having served in some of the principal Gardens of England, Ireland, and Wales. —A. KEMBER. Glenmore Cottages, Exiling, Suffolk. ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, The Gardens. Milton Park. Peterborough, can very highly recommend James Upex, who has been with him seven years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good and reliable man. GARDENER (Head).— Age 28; life ex- perience in all branches, including Early and Late Forcing^ Fruit, Flowers, Kitchen Gardening. Excellent testimonials from previous employers, two and a half years from present.— ASHWELL. Bruokman's, Hatfield, Herts. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman — A McLEOD, Gardener to the Marchioness of Hendfort, Headfort Gardens, Kelts, co. Meath. Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. ("^ ARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married, one T child.-W. HOWARD, Esq., The Grove, Teddingten, would be pleased to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener in all branches. Highest references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred.-G. A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head).— Age 31 ; thoroughly practical in all branches of gardening S. Davies, late Head Gardener to Capt. Drummond, Lnderby Hall, would be glad to recommend his late Foreman, who has served as Head Gardener at the above place. Seventeen years excellent references from good establishments.— Address in first instance to S. DAVIES. Weybridge Park, Surrey GARDENER (Head), age 40; twenty-five years' experience in first-class places.— H. Cross, for nine and a half years Head Gardener at Woodcote Hall, New- port, Salop, is open to treat with any Lady. .Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring the services of a. hrst-rate all-round Gardener, a go. ,d Manager of Men, and thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a Large Establishment. Highest testimonials from past and present employers.— Address, in first instance, to H. CROSS, Woodcote Gardens, Newport. Shropshire. ^ ^___ ARDENER (Head); age 36.— Richard Milne, for twelve years Gardener to the late J. D. Corbet. Esq , Sundome Castle. Shrewsbury, will be pleased to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman, requiring a first-class all-round Gardener, first-rate Plant, Fruit, and Vegetable Grower; also understands the Management of Woodlands, and all kinds of Forest Planting. First-c'ass references.— Mr. W. PRATT. The Gardens, Longleat; and Mr. J. MUIR, The Gardens, Margarn Park, will also be pleased to answer any questions respecting me. GARDENER (Head); age 30. — Mr. J. Crerar. Gardener to J. G. Cattley. Esq.. Shabden, Merstham, Surrey, will be pleaded to recommend his foreman, Arthur Stote, who has teen with him four and a halt years. Thoroughly competent.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, single ■ fifteen years' experience. Three years as Head in last situatiou.-A. G„ 6, Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 32; well recommended. Personal reference.— X. Y. Z., 17. High Road, Kiiightsbridge, W. . GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two are kept.-M irried, no family ; thoroughly good all-round man.— E. SEYMOUR, The Gardens, Mount Mascal, Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two are kept. — Age 30, married, two children; good all-round man. Well up in all branches.-H. W., D. Sprigings, Nurseries, St, Albans, Herts. ARDENER ( Head Working).— Married, no family ; thorough practical experience in all branches. Six years in present -it nation. Good character.— T. ROBERTS, Garden, Highley. Balconibe, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Single ; a thorough good Single- handed. Understands Management of Stock if required. Good references. — P. F., Riversdale Lodge, Hanworth, Middlesex, ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.-Age 27, married when suited ; well versed in Fruit and Plant Growing, Kitchen and Flower Garden. Two years as Foreman in last situaton. — W., 21, Abinger Road West. New Cross, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept. —Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Land and Stock. Wife no objection to Poultry and Dairy. Five years' personal reference — G., Jubilee Cottage, Much Hadham, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 27 — Mr Gibson, Steventon Manor Gardens, Mieheldever, Hants can with every confidence highly recommend his Foreman, F. Eden, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a practical man as above. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 28 — G. Nixon, Head Gardener to Sir Hugh Cholmeley. Rart.Easton Hall, Grantham, can with confidence recom- mend his late Foreman, W. Button, now disengaged, as a thorough good practical all-round man. Abstainer. GARDENER (Head Working).— At liberty; understands Vines, Peaches. Melons. Cucumbers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Unexceptional character. — GARDENER, Asylum Cottages, Beddington, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines. Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, &c. First class references from past and present employers.— Abstainer— F. LANE. Wray Park Gardens, Reigate. Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married.no encumbrance; well experienced in Vines. Peaches Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Gardens, ForciDg, &c. Highest references for trustworthiness, &c. G., 5, Devonshire Mews South, Portland Place, London, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age S3; thorough good all-round maa. Seventeen years' expe- rience in good establishments. Trustworthy and fond of his work. Excellent testimonials.— A. G., 5. Vernon Street, West Kensington, W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married; eighteen years' practical experience m the cul- tivation of Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables, and the General Work of a Large Garden. Six years' excellent testimonials from present employer as Head. — GARDENER, Purbeck House, Swanage. GARDENER (Head Working); age 30, married, two children.— G. N. Hoare, Esq., would be pleased to recommend his Head Gardeuer to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough'y experienced man as above.— GEO. WIGGENS, The Gardens, Finchers House, Amersham. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or four men are kept.— Married ; sixteen years in present situation as Head. Leaving through gentleman giving up. Twentv-tive years' experience m good establish- ments. Good character.-J. TICKELL, Mells, Frome, Somerset. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three others are kept.-Age 35, married. Mr. W. P. BouVERIE desires to recommend a steady and indus- trious young man. Twenty-one years' experience. Thirteen \ears in present situation. Leaving solely owing to death of Mr. E. P. Bouverie.— JAMES CLARK, The Gardens, Manor House, Market Lavington, Wilts. GARDENER (Head Working), or good SlNGLE-HASliEU).— Age 33. married, two children; good references from present aud last employers.— E. B., 4, Winterhourne Road, Thornton Heath. f^ ARDENER (Head), or good Single- VJT handed.— Age 31, married, no family ; thoroughly conversant with the Growing of Orchids, Flowers, Fruits, aud Vegetables. Five aud a half years m last place. Now disengaged. Highest testimonials.— HENRY SELL, Walling- ford, Berks. ^ GARDENER (Head), or good Single- handed.— Age 33, married, small family; first-class Grower of Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Cut Flowers, Stove Plants. Vegetables. &e. Three years' character. Wages expected 25.'. per week with cottage.— W. HOWARD, Ingersoll House, Willesdeu Green, N.W. GARDENER (Head), or FOREMAN.— Age 35 ; practical in all branches. Wife could Manage Dairy. Good character.— J. TIMMS, Brookhill Road, New Barnet. GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURE Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where one or more are kept.— age 34; married, four children; upwards of 20 years' experience in all branches.— H. COURSE, Ashcroft, Kingstou, near Brighton. GARDENER, Out-door.— Age 23 ; willing to help in the Houses. Over three years' good character from present situation.— WM. WELLS. Caldy Manor Gardens, near Birkenhead, Cheshire. GARDENER.— Age 33, married ; thoroughly experienced in Orchids, Fruits, Stove and Greenhouse Plants. &c, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— W. W., 34, Rignold Road, Camberwell, S.E. GARDENER. — Age 30, married ; highly recommended by present employer, wishing to better myself. Understands Kitchen and Fruit Gardens. \ nies. Cucumbers, Melons, Flowers. Five years' character. Abstainer. -Apply by letter. J. P., 17. Eioit Place, Blackheath. GARDENER (good Working), where help is given.— Age 40, married, one child, 10 years; under- stands Gardening in all its branches. Cows, Pigs. Poultry, and Meadow Land. Good character. — G. L.. Vine Cottage, Arborfield, near Reading. GARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise. —Age 36; good with Chrysanthemums. Good character. — C. EMETT, Crowthorn, Wokingham, Berks. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 33, married, no family ; thoroughly practical. Total ab- stainer.—Good references.— J. F., Rockhills, Crystal Palace Park, Sydenham. GARDENER (Second), where four are kept. —10 years' experience, three and a half years' character from last situation.— J. DUBBIN, 10, Hartrup Street, Tollbridge Road, Maidstone. ARDENER (Second).— Age 26 ; ten years' experience Inside aud Out. Eighteen months' good reference, rive years previously.— A. B., Albion House Stables, British Grove, Chiswick. GARDENER (Second).— Age 23; nine years' experience Indoors and Out.— Four years' good character from present employer.— A. B., 158, Rommany Road, West Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (SECOND).— Age 24; well ex- perienced Inside and Out. Can be well recommended. Eight years In present situation.— F., 2, Holdernesse Road, Tooting. G ARDENER (Head, or good Single- handed).— Age 46. three in family ; great experience Early and Late Forcing all kinds of Fruits, Flowers, V. tables. Flower and Kit, hen Garden, &e. Highest refere: — L. M., Ash Cottage, Windmill Hill, Enheld, N GARDENER, where another is kept.-Age 23 • nine years' experience ; six outside, three under Glass in present situation. Abstainer.-S. FENNELL, The Gardens, Somerhill. Tonbridge, Kent. GARDENER, where another is kept, or good Single-handed.— Age 28. married, no family ; good general experience. Can Milk. Leaving through Gen- tlemaugivingup.-LOVEGROVE, 8, Queen'sRoad, Chislehurst, Kent. ^ ' GARDENER (Second), respectable young man seeks situation as above ; experienced Inside and Out.— Good references.— E. R.. Effingham Nursery, Lee, S.E. ARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN in a good Establishment. —Age 22 ; good character from present and previous employers.— F. WRIGHT, Post-office, Shooter's Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Under), or good Single- handed, where help is given.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience Inside and Out. — J. JONES, The Salmons, Warlingham, Surrey. GARDENER (Under), or Third in a good place, Inside and Out— Age 21 ; seven years' experi- ence ; excellent character ; bothy preferred.— J. UMPLEBY, Boln'ore, Hay ward's Heath. G-\ ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age I" '>3- eight years' experience in good Gardens. Good character.' Bothy preferred.— H. WELLS, 48, Stanley Road. Bromley, Kent. ARDENER (Under).— Age 23; nine years' good practical experience, including Syou House. Very highly recommended.— A. CANNING, 3, Hartland Road North Street, Isleworth, Middlesex. February 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 247 GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— A Gardener can with confidence recommend a respectable young man as above. Can Milk if required. — J. P., 61, Houblon Road, Richmond, Surrey. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; six years' experience. Twelve months' good character.— A. M., Staines Road, Upper Sunbury. GARDENER (Under), where others are ltept. — Two years' and nine months good character from last place— T. Ll'CKETT. Milton Park, Eghtim. Surrey. GARDENER (Under).— Age 22; strong and willing. Four and a half years' good character. — J. T., 17, Pope Road. Bromley Common. Kent. p ARDESER ( Under), in Gentleman's VX Establishment.— Age 2o ; six years' experience in Houses and Out. Good character.— W. SLADE, to, Zennor Road, Balham, S.W. ARDENER ( L'nder). — Age 23; seven years' experience Iu>ide and Out. Can be well recom- mended by Gentlemen and Gardeners. Abstainer. — 42., New- man Gardens. Chester Lodge. Andover. Hants. ARDENER (Under), or IMPROVER.— Age 21 ; nearly three years in Gentlemen's Gardens. Good character.-F. PETTICAN, Mr. Rixon, The Gardens, Westwood, near Colchester. BAILIFF and GARDENER.— A Gentle- man wishes to recommend his Bailiff and Gardener, who has been with him for twelve years. He has had the entire Management of Land, Stock, and Garden. Would till a similar place or engage as either.— T. HEATH, R. Ovey, Esq., Badgemore, Henley-on-Thames. To Florists. MANAGER of Branch, or FOREMAN in Good London Trade.— Age 23; well up in Furnishing, Cut Flower arrangements, &c. Highest references; open for engagement at once. — C. K.,56, Goldney Road, Loudon, W. ORhMAN, or MANAGER of a XursiTW Well up in Growing Soft-wooded Stuff; also Cut Flowers, Tomato*, and Cucumbers, for Market.— C. A., 17, Charles Street, Iiurrage Road, Plumstead, Kent. FOREMAN, in a First-class Place, or Head in Smaller Place; married, no family.— B. A.8HTON, Gardenes to Lord Howard of Gloasop. can very big] mend bis i Good Huntsman and Table Decorator. Four years here. Five years at Alton Towers.— Gloss ip Hall, Derbyshire. [FOREMAN, in good Establishment— Age '20 f JL eleven —W. BLUNT, Wellburj House, Uitehin, U FOREMAN, in a good Establishment; ag< 25. - Mr. J. P. I.i u mm it. TheGardens, T ran by Croft, Hull, desires a situation fur Samuel Crofts* Address a-* a) FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23~j eight year-' I in Foreman. Good refer- ence.—A. POLLARD, Norton, Daventry, Northamptonshire. f 'OREMAN, in a good Establighment.— Age 27; over thirteen vir-' ezperienoet Excellent testimonials from last i | imployer. c. link. Th Everinsham Park, York. FOREMAN, in Market Nursery. Age 28; Growing Cucumbers, Ton rries, &c. Ferns, mi I i i,i Stud refei tgeeto B., T, Butte Itriglitoii. OREMAN, and Grower of 1 in its, Plants, Cut FlOWei Dtity for Market or Private pui \K.. 31, mirritd 9. £., Jervi Boa ,,. Bishop's Stortford. [70REMAN, Age28; good character; seven -L years' experience, Two wars Ml pr at Abstainer.- n. WHITE, The Hardens, Hnckwood I'ark. Rasingstolo . FOKKMAN, lnsiile. Aiif 27 ; fourteen years' experience ia good situations. Well up Can be well recoxmended. — W. FOOTE, The Gardens, Elvaston Castle, Derby. FOREMAN; age 26, — A Heap Qabdbnbb will t>,' plea , ,i to ret ommend a strong, active, and intel- ligent young man, with eleven years' experi <■. as above, where five or -n are kept. Bothy preferred, vi kii LL, 41. Wellington Strei t, Strand, W.O. FilUKMAN: at,"' 28. S. Knowlks, ( iardener, Pylewell l'ark. Lyn 5:011, wishes to recommend Inn Foreman, G. Harding ractarfrom situation. Knowledge of Stove a:, l Gn Fruit, Early and Late Forcing. — Address as above. OREMAN, in the Houses ; age 26. — Advertiser desires an engagement as above in a good iment, Thirteen years experience under glass. ii,,,,,l references fmin |.r,-s,nt an, I previous employers. — E. B., an, Thurlow Hill, Wed Dalwich, 8.E. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN (Working), good l'ROl'A- OATIllt, or to take charge of a small Nursery, with a thorough knowledge <,i General Nursery Scxi,-* ; age 26.— GRAY jinhM'NS of Chertsey, can recommend a youi above. Good Beferencea as to abilities and chara iter. FOREMAN, or Second in good Establish- ment.—Age 2a; nine years' experi ,■ Inside and Out. Good character. Abstainer.— O. 3. JIAKKHAM, Foreman, Ribston Hall, Wctherby, Yorks. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER for Market, or otherwise.— Twenty years' experience. Plants and Cut Flowers.— L. GUIBERT. 5, Paddock Road, Bexley Heath, Kent. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, or PROPAGATOR, Outdoor.— A young man with twelve years' practical experience of the Propagation and Growing of Roses, Fruit Trees, Conifers?, Flowering and Evergreen Shrubs, is opeu to engagement as above ; a good Grafter, a quick and successful Budder. First- class testimonials : five years in last place. — ALPHA. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. OREMAN, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24; used to London and Provincial Nurseries.— W. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23; two years as Second in last situation. Seven years' experience. Good references.— E. BEDFORD, Sarsden Gardens, Chipping Norton. OREMAN, PROPAGATOR and GROWER. —Twenty years' experience in Pot Roses, Palms, Ferns, and Soft-wooded Stuff for Market ; Wreaths, Crosses, and Fur- nishing. Good Salesman.— WALTER. 5, Sem Gardens, Old Dover Road, Blaekheath, S.E. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR, Indoors.- -l'oung ; open to engagement. Exceptional experience in hardy plants, also good knowledge of Stove, Soft-wooded Stuff, and Nursery Stock generally.— G. WATERS, Coombe Wood Nursery, Kingston Hill, Surrey. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR (Soft-wood), or Gener*] Indoor ASSISTANT.— An experienced young man seeks engagement as above. Thorough knowledge of the work, also a first-class hand at Bouqnets, Wreaths, Crosses, and general Florist's Work. -HOims. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 2.1 ; seven years' experience, partly in the Midlands. Good recommendations— H. SNELL, Ipton St. Mary Church. Torquay. JOURNEYMAN (Fibst) ; age 2a Mr. A. OcooK, Havering Park Gardens, Romford, will have mm h pleasure in recommend, ng w. Batchelor to any Gardener re quiring a man of good abilities as aliov.-. NineYean' experience; t wound a half years in present place. JOURNEYMAN (Thibd), in the Houses; age 19.— C. W. Cook can. with ever; lend mend a young man as above. The Gardens, Rendcombe lark. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age 22 , two nndahalf yeai ,non. Can be highly recom- mend, >d.— P. l-YI.i:. BodborOUgh, Btroud, Gloucestershire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses. Age 20~S Ave years' experience ; two years in present situation. — H. AMiil:. The Gardens. Lockerley Hall, Romsey. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age 211 ; four and a half years' ill previous situation, and . in present, Well recommended, W. SUTTON, The Gardens. Temple lluu.e, near Gnat HarlOW, Hacks. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; Age 17^" W. J. NOVELL, Gardener, Cattju Hall, liurlon-on- Trent, would be pleased to recommeod a strong willing youth as above. JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment. — Age :'n; four years in Gentleman's Garden, and two years growing for Covent Garden. Excellent Character.- II. SILK, Whiteness Gardens. Margate. Jul &NEYMAN, in the Houses under a ], >r.-man in good establishment. —Age 35; ten years' experience. Five years' good character, -W. G., Portley * lottage, i laterbnm, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in the Booses. Ten years' experience in Propagating. Growing, and General I ill,. Work. ImksI Ur.ill, Maker and Rose Rudder.— WOOD, I',, l.ruoke Gardens, I'll, hlield, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 19.— Br. Nobbish wishes to recommenl F. Willey as above. Two years in present place. Bothy preferred.— The (7 Gardens, Exeter. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, under a Foreman; age 31.— J. TBIQOEB, Milton Park Gardens. I'eterboro', can highly recommend a strong a ad active young man 0 , ' rve, Bothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; six years' experience in both Private and Market I.i,,!, lishmentS, First-class testimonials.— B. LARRY, Sunny 11.11 Vineries, Littleovcr, Derby. JOURNEYMAN1"™ tlie~Hou8es, or Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Ground.— Age 19; six years' excel- lent character. Good recommendation.— J. CLARK, Shudwell Court. Thetford, Norfolk. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; Age 21.— W. WEBBER, Norton Hall Gardens, Daventry, can with every confidence recommend William Harrison as above. Two and a half years in present situation. OURNEYMAN — Age 20; good experience, Inside and Out. Strong, energetic, and willing. Nol afraid of work. Characters good.— .IACKSON, Claydon Park, Wioslow, lllirks. J To Nurserymen. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24; five years' experience under Glass in a Leading Nursery. Permanent employment required. Good reference.— H. B., Pince's Nursery. Exeter. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good Establishment.— Age 21 ; abstainer. Excellent character from previous and present employers as to abilities.— Please state wages, with bothy, to S. PRESTON, Bodorgan Gardens, Llangefni, Auglesea. JOURNEYMAN; age 22.— A Head Gar- " hener will be pleased to recommend a strong, active, intelligent young man as above, with seven years' experience where five or more are kept. Bothy preferred.— VERTICAL, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. JOURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, where two or three are kept; age 22. — A Gentleman recommends a young man as above ; eight years' experience ; excellent character.— JAMES CLARK. Ellerav Gardens, Windermere; or (for references) A. H. HEYWOOD. Esq., Elleray. Windermere. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER in a Gentle- man's Garden. —Age 21 ; total abstainer. Nine years' good character.— A. ARNOLD, The Gardens, Weeting Hall, near Brandon, Norfolk. IMPROVER, Inside and Out.— Age 18 ; strong, willing. Three years' experience. One year last place. H. BEST. The Gardens. Dutchlands. Great Missenden, Bucks. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 17; three years' experience.— G. OSBORNE, The Gardens, Brandfold, Goudhurst. Kent. IMPROVER, Inside, in a Gentleman's Garden. Age 19; four years' good character. Would pay a premium.— F. T., 17, Pope Road, Bromley Common,. Kent. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; two yean' good character from present employer. — J. HILDRETH. Formosa Gardens, Cookham, Berks. IMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 2\ ; three years' good character from present employer. — T. GRESWELL, FonuoMi Gardens, Cookham, Berks. TO NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by a voung -Man in the Houses. Good experience in Market and Private Efursen.-s. Excellent references. North pre- ferred.-BETA. Mr. Mitchell, Hoddesdon, Herts 0 NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, by a young Man (age !0), a situation in Nursery. Used to Stove Plants and Perns, Well recommended.— X., 2, Ciren Place Church Road, Tottenham, N. rPU NURSERYMEN.— Situation wanted by A- young Man (age 22), quick at Potting. Tying, and KYNOR, 61, Thome Street, T'O NURSERYMEN.— Situation in Nursery; age 18; used to Putting, Tying. Watering, and General Nurserv Work.— W. L., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wel- lington Street, .Strand, W.C. rPU GARDENERS, &o.— Wanted, by a Lad X (ago 17i. situation in the Garden, where two or three are kept. Twelve months' good character.— G. G., Jackwood, Shooter's Hill. SIC. rFO GARDENERS.— Advertiser (age 2:i), been J- in private and P. 0. service, seeks situation under u Qardener, has little Knowledge of same ; willing to !„• gone- rally useful at anything. Low wages at start, good character. W. SAVAGE. 7ii, Myddleton Road, Hornsey, N. SHOPMAN (Head). — Thoroughly expe- rienced in every detail of the Seed, Bulb, and Sundries rrade, Knowledge of Plants. Efficient Correspondent. Sound business tact. Eighteen years' experience as ahove. — W., 2, Church Row, Horselydown, London, S E. SHOPMAN. Age 24; a young man with eight years' experience in all branches, seeks re-engage- ment.—A , Gardner)' Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington .Street, Strand, W.C. rV<) I' l,t lltlSTS. -Wanted by a young man in -L a good establishment ; thoroughly experienced at It [uetfl, Wreaths, Crosses, Sprays, and all Cut Flower Work, LOTUS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. I7LORI.ST. — Situation wanted by experienced . hand (Lady), an ASSISTANT, Indoors or Out.— I. J., 1, Fortune Parade, Harlesdeu, N.W. FLORIST. — Required, a situation as an ASSISTANT, by a young Lady; experienced. Good references.— A. K.. 116. Gray's Inii Road. W.C. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Counsel for the Delicate. —Those to whom the change- able temperature ia a protracted period of trial, should seek tli.* earliest opportunity of removing all obstacles to good health. Tli in rcoliiig Ointnwiit, perseveriiigly rubbed upon the skin, ia the most reliable remedy for overcoming all diseases of the throat and chest. Quinsey, relaxed tonsils, sore throat. Swollen glands, ordiflary catarrh, und bronchitis, usually pre- vailing at this season, may be arrested as soon as discovered, and every symptom bunisbeit by Holloway's simple and effec- tive* treatment. This Ointment and Pills are highly com- mended for th.' facility with which they successfully contend with influenza; they nllay in an incredibly short time the distressing fever and teasing cough. 248 THE GA B D E NE B S ' CHB 0 NI CL E [Febbcary 22, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of every Highest Prise in all cases of competition, and the// are the only Mowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. Patronised by— j. .*. -^ Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, HER MOST GRU'ft HIS JIA.IESTY THE QUEEN on manv occasions, ffii'®,^l3 June 3 t0 7- 1881- The " Journal of Horticulture " of June 9, says:— HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE l'RINCE OF WALES, .V*3i ;*2'P'1W "MOWING MACHINES.— After a critical examination the Silver Meiial was THE KING OE THE BELGIANS, , ^^wfe&Jrtl^SW granted to the old firm of world-wide fame, Messrs. T. Gkkbn & Sox, of Leeds and The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMI'EROR OF RUSSIA, °^NI^j5»s<**5g7^I£''a London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished. And most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. it is quite unnecessary to give any description of them." Upwards of 155,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried off the Highest Prize that has been given. The following are their Advantages over all others:— 1st Simplicity of Construction— every part being easily accessible. 2nd. They are workedwith much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or r SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. 5th. The y ' :ither short or long Gn r dry. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. To cut 6 in ., can be worked by ) £1 1B a Lady ... J 0 To cut 8 in do. do. 2 10 0 To cut 10 in ., do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 To cut 12 in ., do. by a man ... 4 10 0 To cut 14 it ., do. do 5 10 0 DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 16 inches, can be worked hv one man 1 „,. ,„ n *To cut 22 inches, ca on even "lawn... | £b 10 ° "To cut 24 inches, man and boy... 7 10 0 • If made stromal be worked by two men £8 10 C do. do. ... 9 0 C luitable for Donkey, 30s. extra. To cut 18 inches, do. To cut 20 inches, do. These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme " 01 perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant, i of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Box. or Side Delivery, with Cross-stay complete, suitable for attaching to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness :— CREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 inches wide, 7 Ina. diam., £1 16s. Packing Case, 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c, and do away with the operation of cutting REDCCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse DONKEY and PONY MACHINES To cut 26 inches To cut 28 inches To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pouy The 2t> and 28 inches the Machine makes little in any way d; lily be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by; in working, the most spirited animal can be employed without fear of Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. CREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVO LAWN MOWER. ^SS=3 PRICES, With Grasshc To cut 6 in. £1 ft 0 To cut 7 in. 1 13 0 To cut S in. 2 5 0 To cut 10 in. 3 0 0 GREEN'S Patent LAWN COURT MARKER. HOT-WATER BOILERS 4,. ORATE BAI19. ^^" Delivered" Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. of Vomers keut by any manufacturer is to be found at our London Establishment, SURREY WORKS, BLACKFR1ARS ROAD, where Purchasers a of Mowers kept ^(^ ™/^.;/",^;„'es ,,///„„,,, Ponu. and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied the same day as they are rec, '. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE. Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B.- Those ,vho have ..awn Mower, which require repairingshould send them to _either ourLeed, or London Establishment, where they will have VERTICAL SADDLE BOILERS, &C. : make selection out of GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS, AND nut attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workn HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to WIRE NETTING, &c THOMAS CREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communication, should be addressed to ■■ The Editor;" Advertisement, and Business Letter, to • The Publisher," at the , Offi £»• Wn«"£S<£ \*?e$ M^sex and^S&toS Printed by William RIOHA.BDS. at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury. Aosew. & Co.. Lombard Street. Precinct ot Whitefriar,. City of Lorn Ion, in ^ he Con ay of M 11 1 , x ^^p,0,h»^by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.-SATURDAY, February 21, 1890. Agent for Manchester Johk HEYWOOD. Established 1841 No. 166.— Vol. VII. {&"".} SATURDAY, MARCH 1, 1890. / Regt. as a Newspaper, f P (.WITH SUPPLEMENT.! 1' RICE 3d. Post-Free, 3$af. CONTENTS. Apiary, the : AniiMH crenulata Botanic G -mien, Brussels, great Feru-house of the Bulb garden Cattleya Trianse alba ... Cattleyas, malformed ... Chrysanthemums, Colchicum procurrens ... Colonial notes CypripH.lium callosum ... ',. GBoone Cypripediunis S| i eri atmm and Morgana- x English gardening. his- tory of Eriogonum, species of ... i .'i. 1. 1 1 .1. mica ... '■ Fern spore*, longevity of I o a orrespondence . ! Fniits under glass ... , Garden of the Gaekwar ■ la Gardeners' problem, a ... Gardening appointments oood-Lu. k Lily, the Hardy fruit garden Heather, the Horticultural Hall, the 264,1 James', Mr. J., Primulas Kit. hen garden : Lamington : Lee, C. & Son's nurseries : Manures : , Markets, Loudon Sub I urban Miller, John, his Obituary — Humphreys, W. Maggs, E Young, Maurice Od ou tog loss urn Humea- Orchid, a gigantic ,, houses ,, notes Orchids, list of garden ... i ,-., planting Plagiolirion Uorsmanni . Plant notes Planteand theix ala i Royal Hor- Sander, E . ■ ■ British !> Edinburgh I alky soils ... Vegetables ft Suns nur- sery Weather Wildamith memorial, Illustrations. (See Cypripediums Spicerianum and C. Morgoi Supplement ) Eriogonum androsaccum 260 ,, compositum 261 .. oralifolum Snowdrops (Galanthus), vasl 268, 269, 271 Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 81.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America:— E. H. LI BUY, Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. O Y A L AQUARIUM FLOWER SHOWS. FIRST SPRING EXHIBITION— WEDNESDAY ai.d THURSDAY, March IS and 18, Schedules for the whole Series of Shows now ready, und may be had free* on application. WILLIAM HOLMES, Framptou Park v ey, London, N.K. PRESTON and FULWOOD HORTICUL- TURAL .StH'IKTY The TWELFTH GREAT SPRINO ti.nWF.Ii SHOW and FI.on.nl, FETE will be held in the large Public Hall, Preston, on WEDNESDAY ami THURSDAY, March 19 anil 30, when over ONE HUNDRED and TEN POUNDS will he ottered in Prizes. All entries must be sent in not later than March 10. Hy tlie great kindness of its members, the magnificent Orchestra of the Manchester Beethoven Society, numbering siity performers, will be present (he first day from ,'i to 9.15 p.m. Schedules of Prizes'andall other information front— Mr. JOHN ATHEBTON, Fern Hank. Cadley. l'reston. HEWITT and CO., Solihull, heg to announce that they have PURCHASED the ROYAL M'rseriks, HARBORNE ROAD, BIRMINGHAM, lately known as"Ver levins, Ni, m .in. I ,', ... ," in.l |,i, ■ -h as " Hans NiMliiuil," and in future the Hus ss will l,e carried on as— HEWITT am. Co.,Ari.-n H.ii.ii i.. ..I, tors. Nurserymen, Seedsmen, uud Florists, Solilnill and Birmingham. Tlie Beat Dwarf Compact Lobelias. BUTTON'S DARK BLUE LOBELIA.— O Undoubtedly the finest Blue Lobelia for Bedding. Plants very compact, profusely covered with rich blue Bowers. This iriety used by us in forming the letters V. R., so much admired in the miniature garden surrounding the Pavilion at Windsor. Price of see.l. Is. per packet, post-free. COTTON'S PURE WHITE LOBELIA, O Similar in habit to Sutton's Dark Hlue. but the Bowers lire pure white. Price of seed, is. per packet, post free. BUTTON'S SEI^DS genuine only direct i Seedsmen, BEADING BLR] :'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER si SDS, free —Full of useful information. SI LECTIONS Ol VII, 1.1 UjLE SEEDS, Vis. id., 21>„ 31s, fid., . and upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS, it. tic/.. 3s. 8 GLADIOLI, ri:isl.K"sl n. li.i. Mills IVNDICANS, TD.iilDi LS, ANEMONE FULGENS, &c„ for Spring Planting. Bes . HAKH i sn s.is, l.'an.l i i, K ugsti i.i ovenl Garden, u 0. EX TrTa LA R G E PAL M S f..r Winter Gardens, &c. 26 SEAFOETHIA ELEGANS, . _ 10 IEE( L LUT1 t and A. BAUEBII, ) ,,. , •?„", f 10 KENT1A BELMiiREANA, > V ' 10 „ KOSTKKIANA, | '"K". Willi 30 COCOS FLEXUOSA and PLUMOSA, fto. ' m:'"y K'"v,'s- Also a very fin. 10 feet high, in the most perfect condition tor decorative purposes. W. I. i rk Lone. S.W. pUT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS \J Received and Sold on Comnns.ion dailv at the Covenl Garden of the North, byWM, BUL.MAN, Produ :e An Newcastle-on T\ n.-. I LA N. Newcastle-on-Tyne." W. B A R N H A M (late of Squelch & • Barnham) BBCEIVES ON COMMISSION, GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, unci cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden. W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, - Icup, and 285, MIS, 287, 288, Flower Marl . ! c i.vcnt Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplic-,1. Telegraphic Address—" COMMISSION, SIDCUP." HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Eighesj Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Covent Garden, W.O. HARLES COOPER and CO., Wholesale Florists and COMMISSION a.o.ms, Bedfordbnry, Covent Garden, W.C, are OPEN To RECEIVE CONSIGN- MENTS of CHOICE CUT FLOWERS. Also supply same. Boxes forwarded. ANTED. — CALCEOLARIA Invincible, BOl VARDIA Vulcan, CARNATIONS Comte deCham- bord, M.llle. Carl.-, Prime of 'Orange, The Governor; ACHI- MINK Harry Williams, EOHEVERIA farm, is., PACH1 I'llVTI'M hrueteosum, MESEMHRYANTHEMl'M tignuiitii H'iHI:\NGEA scan.ieiis, LVSIMACHIA nummuluria aurea : also LILY OF THE VALLEY from old beds. H, CANNELL and SONS, Swanley, Kent. WANTED, if cheap, four ACACIAS, various ; thr.-c- DHAC.KNAS (Australia), for conservatory, tall, well-grown. Address, stating height and lowest price. T. G. SHUTILEWORTII. Church Street, Sheffield . ANTED, Large BALMS, DRACAENAS, CROTONS, ASI'KIiISTRAS, and AZALEAS, fur cash i CHANGE, Small Stuff for Growing on. —Apply, MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane, Hume WANTED, la,-.. 1'ALMS and L'OLIA(iEI) PLANTS. State Bizes and lowest i ■ to SIM.MONDS BROS. (Limited;, 3a, Sloaue Street, London, S. W. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest aod most perfect stocks in the country. For lull particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis aud Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants, 337 and 338; Hk,h Holborn, London, W.C. RCHIDS. — The largest Stork of g5od healthy established Plants in Europe, Many beautifu! things always in flower. An inspection is invited. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., K-tabli-hmeut for New and Hare Plants, 530, King's Road. Chelsea, London, S.W. IKM1NUHAM PRIMULAS. — The best quality, including Queen. Marquis of Lome, mixed s t grown by the original raiser of this extra hue strain, 5s. per packet ; smaller 3s. clef. POPE and SONS, Nurserymen,KinK's Norton and Birmingham. 1(1(10 FLOWERING BULBS of Galanthus IV/V/V/ Eluesii, Chionodoxa Lucillise or Chionodoxa ire o in T.-d fur 12 francs by FRANZ SCHLOSSl B Nurseryman and Florist, Smyrna, Asia Minor, orders not later than the end of the mouth of April. IRIS k.EMl'l'KIU. — Superb new unnamed Purchased by me at Tokio. Japan, from a Japanese Florist. Plants well established and hardy. Have a small number to dispose of at is. per root. Japanese cata- i"i.i i of these new [ris, with coloured plates of flowers, sent for inspection post Free for three stamps. — Address to GERALD WALLER, Esq., Belmont House, V7ragby, Lincolnshire. To the Trade. GOLDEN OEM CALCEOLARIAS, 5s. per 100. 40*. per 1000; H. P. Milner CARNATION in 3-inch pots, 40>. pel 100; Old Crimson CLOVE in 3-inch pots, 20s. per LOO; CHRYSANTHEMUM Souv. d'un Ami. in 3-inch pots, 2tis. per lmi . ..I RANIUM Hv. Jacob] (cuttings), 5>. per 100. ..I OEQE HOLMES, BaxbySoad, Vork. FOIl SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS, in 3-inch pots, at ;>. per 100; 250 Store-pits, 10 to 50 Cuttings, well rooted, En ■» inch i". per 100. B. Queen, U. 6c/. ; Nohle. UK-. ; Hit. per Km extra carriage paid, It. liiNNS, Lovelands, nearBeigate. I/ljlaTCIIEl! IJRUS., have a very largo stock of Stsndard PLUMS and DAMSONS, also AUCUIIA JAPONICA, I to II feet, bushy. Ottershuw Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. T30TAT0S and GARDEN SEEDS.— All the X best kinds, in Large or Small Quantities. Also an immense stock of Garden Seeds at very Low Prices. All Seedsmen and Market Growers will do well to consult our Price LIST, to be had free of HARBISON and SONS, Seed Growers, Leicester, HENDERSON'S " Early Puritan " POTATO. i.-st variety in eultival urn ; large, handsome, in i.i, , nullity, an enormous crupper. Price 6 J. per cwt., £5 per ton.— UEOItGK PRINCE. Rose Grower. Oxford. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEand PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our mime on it. To be had of all Nursery and S isnien. and direct from us. 1 i-wt. an.l over carriage piii.l. 1 Lin Ag.-.il -Mr. GEOUCSK, In. Vielorui Itoa.l, Piiln.-y. WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels, N.ll T AWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" J J ( I'ati'iiL) lias the largest sale in the world, ant I Is pronounced hv :ill (iiinl.-iiiTs to he the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent "KBW MOPKL'le rzuoran^eed in be 'i><- easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post Free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN AND COLDWKLL, M'r'u. Co., 223, I'pi rr Thames Street, London, E C. The largOBt niukers of Lawn Mowers in I he world. 250 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Orchids.— Orchids. -Orchids. PART of the UNRIVALLED COLLECTION of BLENHEIM ORCHIDS, many Lots to suit the Trade. Thousands of Odontoglossuuls. MESSRS. POPE and SONS will SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNESDAY. March 5, 1890, absolutely without reserve, at 6, Phillip's Street. Birmingham. Catalogues in a few days. Monday Next. 2000 LILIUM AURATUM, including several lots of Bulbs ; also LILIUM KRAMERI. SPECIOSUM, and others, froni Japan; a large assortment of English-grown LILIES and Hirdr BULBS, TUBEROSES. GLADIOLUS, TIGRIDIAS, BEGONIAS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, March 3, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next. 400 Standard, Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS, CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES. RHODODENDRONS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39. Gracectaurch Street. E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT, March 4, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, (37 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Camden Road, N. HIGHLY IMPORTANT to FLORISTS, FRUITERERS, and OTHERS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at The Mart. Tokenhouse Yard, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, March 5, at 1 for 2 o'clock precisely, in 2 Lots, the Valuable LEASEHOLD PROPERTY, known as Brecknock Nurseries, Camden Road, N., occupying the most valuable sile in the North of London, with the magnificeut Conservatory ; also the Leasehold 9- Roomed Resi- dence adjoining, and Stabling in rear; also the Leasehold Nursery and Tennis Grounds, situate at Hilldrop Crescent, Camden Road, N., and close to the foregoing Property ; together with the Goodwill of the Old established Business, so successfully carried ou for years by the present Proprietor and Vendor. Particulars had at The Mart, E.C; of Messrs. TRUEFITT AND GANE, Solicitors, 54£, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C. ; and of the Auctioneers, Estate Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and Leytonstone, E. Harlesden, N.W.— Almo&t without Reserve. To Nurserymen, Florists, and others interested in the Horti- cultural Trade. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokeuhouse Yard, London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, March 5. at 2 o'Clock pre- cisely, the Beneficial Interest in the Lease aud Goodwill df the Old-establi-hed NURSERY and FLORISTS' BUSINESS, known as and being the Harlesden Park Nursery, St. Mary's Road, Harlesden, N.W., eight minutes' walk from Willesden Junction Station. The property comprise 1 -} acres of Ground, 13 capital Greenhouses, and 3 Pits, heated by 3-inch and 4- inch Hot-water Piping, the movable Galvanized Iron Erec- tions of Cart and Van Sheds, and 2-stall Stable and Potting Shed. There is a Six-roomed Dwelling-house and Conservatory. Particulars and conditions of Sale may be obtained on the Premises and at the various local Inns; of the Mart, E.C, of GEO. LOCKYER, Esq., Solicitor, 1ST, New Cross Road, S.E., and 1, Gresham Buildings, KtMiighall Street, E.C, and of the Auction«ers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, and Leytonstoue, E. Wednesday Next. 193,000 COCOS WEDDELLIANA SEEDS. Just to hand in splendid condition, ami form'tig, probably.^the largest number ever offered in one day, the previous consign- ment having all been disposed of. 4000 KENTIA FORSTERIANA SEEDS. Only justreceived : lOOOBEGONIASfroniBelgium.SHOn GLADI- OLUS BRENCHLEYENsIs, •,,„! s;,0 LILIUM UMBELLA- TUM from Holland. 5000 German Crown-i LILY OF THE VALLEY, 8"00 FREEMA REFRACTA ALBA, 2000 African TUBEROSES, and 500 YALLOTA PURPUREA, 7000 LILIUM AURATUM, Splendid bulbs; also 1000 L. LONGIFLORUM, RUBRUM, KRAMERI, and TIGRINUM FLORE PLENO from Japan, grand bulbs of L. WASHINGTONIANUM, HUMBOLUl'II, aud the rare L. NEILGHERRENSE. 300 JAPANESE TREE PEONIES AND IRIS FROM MR. GORDON. Many of the former, including exceptionally lurgeand beautiful varieties, Certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society ; a large assortment oi English-grown LILIES, Greenhouse and Stove FERNS, PALMS, aud other DECORATIVE PLANTS; 300 named Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the ahove by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 65 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 5, at half-pasl 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, aud Catalogues had. Thursday Next. SALE of NURSERY STOCK from SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at tbeir Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 6S, Cheapside. London, E.C, on March 6, large quantities of NURSERY STOCK from Sample, including the following :— 50.000 SCOTCH FIRS. 10.1 00 PRIVET. 2,000 CUPRESSUS. 2,000 RHODODENDRONS. 1,000 LIMES. 200,000 APPLE, PEAR, and CHERRY Stocks. 5.U00 SEAFORTHIAS. 5 000 ARALIAS. 600 COCOS WEDDELLIANA, LATANIA BOR- BONICA. and CORYPHA AUSTRALIS. 2,000 Hardy British FERNS. 1,000 Double White PRIMULAS. 600 CACTUS DAHLIAS. 20,000 LILY OF THE VALLEY. 20,000 STRAWBERRIES. Standard ROSES. FRUIT TREES in great variety, and quantities of other Stock. Samples will be on view the morning of Sale, and Catalogues may be had on application. Friday Next. Two magnificent sp ctmens and grand varieties of CYMBI- DIUM LOWIANUM, each bearing thirteen spikes, one plant having about 323 tlowers. From a private collection. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above TWO PLANTS in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, March 7. Friday Next. IMPORTED ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ( ALEXANDR.E), in splendid condition; O. PHAL.ENOPSIS, O. HASTI- LABIUM, O. HALLII. O. CIRRHOSUM. O. EDWARDII, and the rare ODONTOGLOSSUM PoLYXANTHUM. ONCIDIUM MACRANTHUM. in splendid condition; and MAXILLARIA S ANDERIANA, with good healthy growths. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Messrs. Charlesworth, Shutteworth & Co., of Clapham, and Heaton Bradford, to SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 7, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ^fESSRS. PRUTHEKOE and MORRIS are -L instructed to include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, March 7, a consignment of ORCHIDS from a native Brazilian amateur, about f>0 lots of them. In this consignment will be found many novelties and rarities. Also a consignment of the DENDROBIUM NOBILE from Northern India, which produces the big white- flowered variety ; also came with them anapparently new CYMBIDIUM, and this will be in the Sale ; it has upright old flower-spikes, and very large flower-seats; the spikes have also had many flowers on them. Also a very fine lot of L.ELI A ANCE S WILLIAM8I, a grand and superb variety; 50 lots of FLOWERING ORCHIDS, including the magnificent Phaius tuberculosus, a chaste and superb new Lycaste, and splendid plants in spike of one of the riuest exhi- bition Orchids, Oiiiidiuni ampliatuni majus, Cattleya velutina, a grand specimen in flower of Cattleya Schotieldiana, also a plant of the grandest of all Cymbidinms, the big-flowered scarlet variety from Madagascar, Cy rubidium Loise Chauvieri, Reicbeubach nig.— This s the linest new Orchid ia existence. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Romford.— Expiration of Lease. ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE, by order of Mr. F. H. Spackman. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, the Nurseries.Rom- ford, Essex, about ten minutes' walk from the station, on MON- DAY, March ID, the whole of the NURSERY STOCK, including 90u Standard and Dwarf Rosea, 1600 Red and Black Currants, 5u0 Poplars and Thorns, &c., the whole of the Greenhouse Plants, Roses in pots, Ferns. Aza'eas, Camellas, the erections of four Greenhouses and Pits, Hot-water Piping, Boilers, and other effects. May be viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the premises, at the Essex Times Office, Romford, aud of the Auctioneers, 67 aud 68 Cheapside, London, E.C 10,000 Baskets and Hampers, Absolute Sale, Important to Florists and Others. The Entire Stork of BASKETS, manufactured by Messrs. R. & J. Pullman (of Greek Street, Soho Square), at their Paris Factory, the Lease of which is Expiring. MESSRS. PR( >THEROE and MORRIS will SELL hy AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C . on TUESDAY, March 11, at half-past 12 o'Clock, positively -without the slight est reserve, about 10.000 BASKETS and HAMPERS, in various sizes, made in white and brown Osier. A great portion will be found useful for packing purposes. Samples will be on view the day prior aud morning of Sale. Catalogues of the Auctioneers on application. Wednesday Next. Choice named Standard and Dwarf ROSES. Hardy Orna- mental SHRUBS and CONIFERS. Pyramid and Dwarf- trained FRUIT TREES. DAHLIAS. CARNATIONS, and other Border Plants; LILIUM AURATUM, and other LILIES, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION', at his GreatRooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., ou WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 5, at half- past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, aDd Catalogues had. Thursday Next. VALUABLE IMPORTED aud ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by J-»-L AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 6, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely, a tine lot of IMPORTED ORCHIDS from Madagascar, comprising Angra-cum eburneum superbum, Acampe Reos.hiana, &c. ; also a choice collection of ESTAB- LISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and Bud. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale of Orchids in Flower and~Bud. MR. J. 0. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY, March 13, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, aud he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for this SALE will PLEASE SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT Thursday Next. 10,000 Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, L. A. MACRAN- THUM, L. KRAMERI, L. SPECIOSUM ALBUM and RUBRUM. from Japan; also PEARL TUBEROSES, TIGRIDIAS, and scarce LILIF.S, from America, &c. "\XR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above lT-L in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 6. Ou view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Mount View, Sheffield. SALE of the SECOND PORTION of the VALUABLE COL- LECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, formed by the late David Ward, Es.r., J. P. The Collection is in the best possible condition, is one of the finest in the district, and includes specimens from several well-known collections. This Sale will include a tine lot of Dendrobium Wardianum and Dendrobium nobile, magnificent specimen Cymbidium Lowianum, with sixteen flower-spikes; four large Cue logyne cristata, Odontoglossum Atider-onianum, &c. Also STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, Rhododendrons in pots, including live specimens of Lady Alice Fitzwilliam, six fine Lapageria alba. Camellias. Fruit Trees in pots. &c. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON respectfully give notice that they are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, at the residence, as above, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, March 5 and 6, at 11 o'clock each day, the Second Portion of the above VALU- ABLE COLLECTION, comprising upwards of 500 lots in Bloom and Bud. Catalogues and orders to view may be had of Mr. J. KEELING, the Head Gardener, on the Premises ; or, of the Auctioneers, at their Offices, 2 and 3, East Parade, Sheffield. ANTED TO RENT, acre or two, of MEADOW LAND, with 10,000 to 15,000 feet of Glass erected thereon, especially adapted for Cucumber Growing. Must be modern, in thorough repair. State full particulars to B. A., Gardeners' Lhronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOR SALE. ABOUT 3 ACRES of FREEHOLD LAND, SUITABLE FOR A NURSERY, With about 16,000 super, feet of Glasshouses recently erected thereon. Also two Blocks containing four Cottages. Situated 20 Miles south of Loudon. For particulars apply to PROTHEROE axd MORRIS, Cheapside, London, E.C. OR SALE, a small compact NURSERY, seven Glass Houses, nud Store Pit; ail well heated and uearlyuew; 12 years' lease ; rent only £45 ; stock at 01 n Full particulars on application to J. PREWETT, Swiss Nursery, Hammersmith, \V. Last Retford. Notts. TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, a first- class NURSERY (glass only), consisting of 6000 square feet, iu full working order. A splendid oppor, unity foragood niau. Retford is within a short distance of Newark. Sheffield, Doncaster, Leeds, Brad'onl. and Lincoln Markets. Forfull par- ticulars apply, F. W. HODSON, Groveieigh Nurseries, Retford. NURSERY PREMISES and BUSINESS.— Most compact, good dwelling accommodation, on a main road. Lease of 87 years at a grour.d rent. TO BE DISPOSED OF, Price £750, including all Utensils, or first reasonable offer. Stock at value. Portion can remain on mortgage if desired.— HERBERT DRAKE, Auctioneer, 343, Harrow Road, Paddington. rVO BE LET or SOLD, Aylestone, near X- Leicester, a valuable aud most eligible FREEHOLD and FLORIST'S NURSERY, consisting of a well-built Bay-win- dowed Villa Residence, 7 large Greenhouses, and a good Garden well-stocked with Fruit Trees, having a river frontage, and situated 2 miles from Leicester on tin- main road to Lutter- worth, known as Aylestone Park. Rent £60 per annum. No stock. Trams pass the door every 10 minutes. Apply to S. WALKER, Avlestone Park ; or HARRISON AM. SONS, Seed Merchants, Leicester. A Rare Opportunity. TO BE LET, with immediate possession (owing to ill-health of occupier), comfortable DWELLING- HOUSE, 8 Geenhouses, consisting of 6 Vineries, Cucumber, Tomato, and Plant Houses. Partly established. South Coast. A. Z.. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. Fruiterers, Greengrocers, and Florists. TO BE LET, a first-rate, well-fitted SHOP, in above line, iu main road, W. One Horse, two Vans, &c. Cheap. Long Lease. Rent £65, £25 let off. 234. I' abridge Road. W. Bonder's End. Middlesex (8J Miles from London). npO BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and -L Arable LAND, on Lease, for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £8 to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. AND G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, Middlesex. TO BE LET, 1 to 10 acres of GRASS LAND, on Lease, for 7, 14, or 21 years. Rent, from £8 to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first seven years. Near the main road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles from London. Apply, H. MOORE, 59, Bishopsgate.Street Within, E.C. March 1, 1890.] THE GABDENEBS' CUBONICLE. 251 Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROB and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. GENTS WANTED, for the SALE of NATIVE GUANO The Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden use- Address. THE NATIVE GUANO COMPANY (Limited), 29, New Bridge Street. Blackfriars, London, E.C. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are offerings tine lot of newly imported Demirobium Wardia- oum Lowii? D- Brynierianum (true lon^-bulbed variety), and many oth^r tine Dendrobes and Orchids, also an immense sto^k of Established Orchids. LISTS with Prices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3£-inch pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KTNGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. EARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL IK )MK GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, aod others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion: Prices extremelv moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. .r. K. PEARSON AND SONS. Chilwell Nurseries, Notts, 1 (\C\ Strong Flowering Hardy HERBACEOUS lA'U PLANTS in fifty distinct sorts, free for 12*. W.. jele tion;l Descriptive LIST free, True to name. Carriage paid. H. DOHBIE. Flori-t. Frettingham, Norwich, To the Trade. s E E i> 1' 0 T A I 0 s. Hand V. SHARPE are prepared to make • Low offers of all the principal kinds of Seed PI n LT< ,s. grow n expressly for Seed : pies are very good, and tree from coarse an. I ■ I , -. t-.-i I 1 ubers. ■• Bulbs and Seeds for Spring Planting. ANT. ROOZEN axi. son. of 0VERVEEN, HAARLEM, beg to announce thai their New BULB and SEED CATALOGUE for Spring, 1890, is now ready. It contains full del ' Gladioli, Dahlias. Lilies, Hegonias, p i sinensis, and othi i Spring Plai ■ '■"" •■< CHI HCI FLOWER SEEDS, whi recommended with everj confidence. Thi Catalogue will be sent, post free, on application to themselves dire, l. or then EMS & Co., i me, si . Mir. nt Hill, London, E.C. CA (\l l< I '' l; >'; |; N l: ' 0 N v MUS, •Jl7^UUv/ all good shape, B inches to n feet high, 15s. to £1" per Inn, free on rail. J. .7. CLARK, Qoldstone Farm, Brighton. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPF/S Special Priced LIST • of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all He- best varieties under . ul ' i\ iituui of 1889 growth, and of the very ility. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Growing E-tablishment, Witbech. Cucumber " Lockie's Perfection." CHARLES TURNER, having purcha.s.-d the Stock of tins sterling new variety, is much pli introduce it, and can with the greatest con] Ebas the I • r -.nt out. Price per pad and 2s. 0'f. Descriptive CATALOGUE ii|>uii application. The Royal Nurseries. Slough. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many sizes, great ipiantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHOKN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. . i to Trained Peaches and Apricots. PAUL and SON can supply Dwarf and Standard-trained Trees of the above — indeed, their .re good. The Old Nurseries. Cheshunt, N. To the trade. Pi: a s : p e a s m p e a sim SUTTON'S BERKSHIRE PRIZE MARROW, Dr. HcLean, Harrison's Glory, Imperial fBedman's), fnvlcta, I .ul, Gem, Ne Plus Ultra, Triumph (Sharpe's), Snngsters, i gPod.and Barling WINDSOR BEANS, all carefully hand picked, Will tM offered cheap to clear out. Apply. GEORGE ELSOM, Seed Grower, Spalding, Lincolnshire. L ILIUM AUKATUM.— Hard as bricks, as tr.'-ti .i- when taVeu out of the ground In Japan. Qrand Bulbs, measuring '.« to io im-hes round, 12, B» ; 50, 2U.\ 1"", ■■ . ;■■ :, r.'commei ded. Larger Bulbs, the v.-ry best, 12, 10*. ; 50 for 36s. All carriage paid. Impossible to obtain bei ter .nivw here, W. H. HUDSON, Lily rmporter, Tottenham, London. Address for telegrams, " A urn tutu-, London." Specialty : Japanese Lilies. MAGNIFICENT NEW DWARF STRIPED PETUNIA SEED. SHOULD BE SOWN AT O.XCE. The Covent Garden Growers declare this the finest strain in the couutry, and order every year, expressing their pleasure in doing so This is acknowledged the finest strain possible to grow. The plants commence to bloom 3 inches high, and are most attractive— scarcely two flowers are alike. Thousands are sold in Covent Garden Market, and acknowledged by all to be the best they have ever grown. Is. b"d. per packet. Good Standard ROSES, to name, few left, will pack and put on rail at 12s. per dozen. ZOXAL GERANIUM CUTTINGS, of all the. best sorts; assorted, at 6s. per 100. MUSK, narrisonii, 10s. per 100. MUSK. Large-leaved Giant, 8s. per 100. FLOWER OF SPRING, fine stock stuff, many shoots, 24s. per 100, really fine plants. DAHLIAS "CACTUS." Dry Roots. Assorted to Name. Mrs. Hawkins, Jaurezi, Empress of India, King of theCactua Prince Imperial, Constance, Mr. Tait, William Pearce— twelve kinds, including above, for 4s. 6d. per dozen, fine collection. Single Dahlias, all the best kinds, 2s. '.'./. per dozen. e paid lib with order. CHAS. BURLEY, nurseries. BRENTWOOD. pUTBUSH'S MILL- KJ TRACK Ml BHROOM SPAWN —Too well known to require desorip tion. Price 6s. p.-r bushel i exti . I >r package), oc o.f per . . parcel post, 1 .... . , oursii \V M i fines II am. SO V ' and S I hferi banf . H.ghgat, - HENRY CANNELL & SONS' /*I\«V Have the largest and most, complete collection Cl acres) of the above, and will be pleased to send Catalogue of Trices and full particulars. SWANLEY, KENT. GRAND NEW C O L E U S, "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants lis. 6d. each (readv in May). Postand package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, ryman and Florist, Reading. G. PHIPPEN. F.R.H.i Special Cheap Offer. WILLIAM BARRON and SON, Landscape Gardeners and Ncrserymen, offer the following -peenil bargains : — NAMED RHODODENDRONS, all the best varieties grown in loam, tine healthy plants. ]± to 2 feet high, must kinds well set with bloom bud, L'7s. perdoz., £9 per 100. ARIES MENZIESI, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 7 to 3 feet, extra transplanted. 40s. per dozen. „ ,, KKECTA VIRIDIS. 1J to 2 feet, 80s. per 100. „ „ GRACILIS PENDULA (the finest form of a green Lawsoniaua), 4 to 5 feet, 21s. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 1 to 1} feet, 30s. per 100; ll to 2 feet, 40s. per lim. PINTS Al'STRIACA, I to 1 J feet, 20s. per 1000; 1* to 2 ftet, 30s. per 1000. „ LARICIO, 9 to 12 int li . 35s. per 1000: 12 to 15 inch., 45s. per 1000. FOREST TREES and (,H h'KS ,,l all „„., very cheap. The finest Collection of Hardy EVERGREEN TREES in the Midland Counties. Plans and Est mate, furnished for the Improvement of Public and Private Purks or Qardeus. Descriptive CATALOGUES on application. Elvaston Nurseries, Horrowash, Derby. PELARGONIUMS. — Extra strong, healthy, A bushy plant-, showing bud; Show, French, and Decora- tive kinds, by inline, in 4s and 32 size pots. 12s. and 16s. per dozen; Bos. and 100s, per 100. Uoxes and packing free. Cash ith order. JAS. HOLDER anii SON, Crown Nursery, Reading. UEEDS KOK lS'.Hl. Catalogues free. Ten ' to 40 pel i "ul. oft fur cash, Our Seeds are warranted fresh, and the very besl that money can buy. Mushroom - I perpeck. We have Vegetable and Flower Seeds, fr..in PI to 60 packets ior Is., posi free. Shops supplied. We ell Greenhouses al id. per foot, any size. Lights, 6 feet by I feet, I "i. each. Two-light frames, 6 feet by 8 feet, £1. Span frames, 8 fee) by 3 feet, L3s. We sell a 40O- feet Gn en- house for £d Lis. id., all painted and put on rail. We Ruild Greenhouses in any part of the country at Ul. per hour, or contract Writ! — GARDENER ami CO.. 02. Strand. London. W.C. T II E B I G SALE J- Embraces General Nursery Stock. RHODODENDRONS, Standards and Dwarfs. sz tilts. Named and others. INDROMEDA I LORIBUNDA. ERICA ('ARM: \ ,.r HERBACEA. i i. -a fine trained I BDIT TREES. Hard) BVERGRE1 tfSof most kinds. Beq ul i ire rain ited, 1 ryl I ired .it a Reduction. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. I^tii; SALE, L8 CAMELLIAS of sorts, in • |. il i, and . planted out, rrom 9 feet high and ihrough to 1 feel da . tvhite; also large LEMON and CITRON TREES. No reasonable offer refused. Address O. J. BARNES, Gardener, S leiah Court. Tiverton. To Market Growers. CELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and O FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before pun basing elsewhera, send fur General s.-ed catalogue. B. L. cnl.EMAN, s 1 Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. HARDY BRITISH FERNS, numerous varieties i 20 large Bockery Roots, 2s. rW. ; 5o, 5s. ; 100, 8s, ; 24 lb. Hamper, Botanieally named, Carriage paid. GEORGE CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal. WEOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for 1800 We have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower S Is, containing also all the best Novelties of the season. May be dad oil application. Any of our customers not having received one by post will oblige by lett nig us know, when another shall at once be posted. WATKINS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants, Exeter Street. Strand. London. W.C. T ILIUM A U R A T U M , -Li specially fine consignment to hand from Japan, 9 inclies round, rj«. per dozen, 40s. per 100; 10 inclies round, 7s. (W. per dozen, 50s. per lOO ; 11 inches round, splendid bulbs, 10s. per dozen. 1. ILIUM LANCIFOLIl'.M RUBRUM, ext ra tine, lis. and Os.doz. GLADIOLUS ISRKNCHLEYENSIS, Scarlet, 3s. 6d\ per loo. Cash with order. Package free. Order- over 20s. carriage paid. J. AKD R. THYNE, 83, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. THE "STANLEY" KIDNEY POTATO is X the best of the Early Asbleaf section, an enormous cropper, grand quality, both when young and matured, Glowu on red soil. Price 3s. ti 42j. per dozen, P. pinsapo, 2 to 2j feet ) RHODODENDRONS, best named kinds, full of flower-buds. 1 to l^foot, 1| to 2 feet, 2 to 2£ feet, £6. £9, and £15 per 100. R. pouticum, very bushy, fine grown plants, 1 to l£ foot, and 1£ to 2 feet. 30s.'and 505. per luo. TEA ROSES, in variety, extra strong in pots, 24s. to 36*. p. doz. GARDENIAS, healthy and clean, well set, in 48"s and 33*sf 12s., 18s., and 24s. per dozen. ERICA WILMOREANA and E. SINDRYANA, extra fine, and well set. in 48's and 33's, 18s. to 30s. per dozen. JOHN STANDISH and CO., Royal Nurseries, Ascot. DONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII MAJUS. — Very fine plants in 4-inch pots, 2s. each, six for 10s. ; in 5 inch pots, 3s. each, six for 15s. ; extra fine masses in 7£-iuch pots, 5s. each, live for 20s. ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA. — Few nice plants, 2s. plant is COTered Willi a network "f spin.-s wlin li r.uv in oilor Irom creamy white to deeji crimson, henee its name " Ifiiinliow." ll Is u most beautiful plant at all linns, bul when in tiloom its (.-randeur is unsurpassed, having Bowers i Inches across, bright crimson with a white center. It lilooms profusely ami is ol I lie iii culture in pots and is hardy in the open border. Prii I trongsamploplantsforimim .ii.it-- ' II each, a.-, ord Ingl > size, by mail post paid Hkmit nv Postal Nora OB. Order. lo every order we will add a packet of (he WON- HI Kid > WEATHEB PLANT eralln. OUR CATALOGUE SUTSSffl&Ega Itarc Fruits is the m0st magnificent everissued. »«P«£« nrofuselx Illustrated, and four iarpe ,-..!. .n-1 plales and colored We nlTcr the finest li-.v .-III. , 111 I 1 ■ ■ r -. VeRetallles and I nuts, notably: our great Japanese Winclicrry. Jewel Dahlia, M ■■ r-v Washington Hose, Fruit Tomatoes, < 'v as. Hardy Orange. Tree Currant. Bosebud Popples, etc. Also the greatest collection .,f flowering Shrubs and rare Cacti. This elegant and expensive Catalogue will be sent free to all applicants. We deliver all goods to any part of the world, carriage paid. Write at once, as this offer mag not appear again. Address JOHN LEWIS CHILDS, FLORAL PARK, QUEENS CO., N. Y., U. S. A. AYRTON & THOMAS, PATENT AGENTS, CONDUCT EVERY KIND OF BRITISH, FOREIGN, AND COLONIAL BUSINESS CONNECTED WITH PATENTS, DESIGNS, AND TRADE MARKS. Provisional Protection lasting 9 months, £3 3s., subsequently completing the application, lii ii-\ French Patent, with first year's tax paid, £8. Belgian Patent, £4. German Patent, £10 10«. Drawings, when required, at extra charge by arrangement. HOOK OF CHARGES and Information Relating to all Countries Free. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS " PROLONGED, LONDON." 5 9 & 6 0, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C. OS «S WS P 2 SB o 1 a! &1 JOHN SHARPE & SON'S BEAITrFULLY ILLUSTRATED "AMATEURS GARDEN GUIDE" WILL BE FOUND TO BE The Most Instructive Work upon Gardening for 1800. Price Is., Post Free. Abridged Lists of JOHN SHARPE & SON'S VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS Gratii on application. O w a w a > g M & OS o SCO er S> gg 1 1 o m lb So 3d S3 e W §n go JOHN SHARPE & SON'S "FARM SEED LIST" Will In- forwarded, Free of Charge, on 5? enquiry to H John Sharpe & Son, I Seed Growing Establishment, » BARDNEY, LINCOLNSHIRE. 5' JARMAN "UNIVERSAL" CO 'S LLEGTIONS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. VEGETABLES. 2«. M., is., 10», id., IS'.. 2I«., 31». M., 42s., and 63f. FLOWERS. is., 2s.6d„6s., 10s. »ari>, Gardener to H. Cox, Esq. Price of Seed, 3s. 6d. per Quart. SUTTON'S ABUNDANCE RUNNER BEAN. Although the individual pods are frequently 12 to 16 inches long thev are produced in extraordinary abund- ance, and have the same smooth appearance as Dwarf French Beans. Exceedingly tender when cooked and vrry early. "We have pods li inchesjin length, and abundance of them. Thj quality is of the beat, being tender even \\ hen the pods look old." — Mr. YV. WlLDSMITH, Th : Gardens , Heckfield. Price of Seed, 3s. 6d. per Quart. SUTTONSSEiDS GENUINE ONLY FROMSUTTON SSONS, READING. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post-free. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridg'eworth, Herts. SEED POTATOS. To Grow in GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin — a great improvement on the old variety. Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, th<- most complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts worth growing. j WATKINS, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHIN. JT<->N. HEREFORD. NEW SEED OF CLIANTHUS DAMP1ERI (STURT'S DESERT PEA of AUSTRALIA). In Trade Packets, 5s. each, Post-free. Special Price for larger quantities. E. & W. HACKEIT, Seedsmen, 7:i, RUNDLE STREET. ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. BARNES' RELIABLE SEEDS, Before obtaining your supply of Seeds for the season send for BARNES' DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. Gratis and Post free. Save 15 to 25 per Cent, by purchasing Bkst Quality Only. J. E. BARNES, Seed-grower and Seedsman, Exchange Street. Norwich. TO THE TBADZ FERN SPORES (SEEDS). More thau lnrt named varieties. English saved. Also col- lections of same in 12, 18, and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application to WATKINS and SIMPSON, Seed and Bulb Merchants Exeter Street, Strand, London, W.C. March 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 255 BEAUTIFUL LAWNS TENNIS GROUNDS VE ITCH'S FINEST MINED LAWN GRASS. Carefully prepared from the finest dwarf perennial Grasses only. Per Pound, Is.; per Bushel, 25s. VEITCH'S FINEST MINED LAWN GRASSES AND GLOVERS. Per Pound, Is. ; per Bushel, 25s. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S W. SEEDS NKI.K« T VEGETABLE & Flower Seed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries, Best Qualities Only, Prices most Moderate Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, Xo. 370 Post Free on application. I |T/^,K'ClO'KrQlNu«erles« Seed X/lVlVOUll O Establishment (Limited) --,, . Chester. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Strong prepared Runners, Carriage Free. Per do/. IVr 100. ». d. i. ,/. LAXTON'S NOBLE, the grand new Early l I A. I BARRON i , , . . , (3 0 20 0 COMMANDER f Lsxt0n» New Vaneti Is WATKIil.oo, splendid dark crimson 1 6 Pet l'Ki-.<. ,1. Per 100— >. Smallaire. — " Groweth in Gardines." (Macer, also Turner, 1518) Snapdragon.— Mentioned bj Tusser, also by Turner: "1 have some in my gardine whose seede come from Italy." " It may, adds Turner, " be called Brode calfe snout." Spinage.— " Spinage or Spinech is an herb lately found and not long in use." Tusser savs that it should be sown in March " for the tomer." Stock Gilleflowers "of all sorts." (Tusser.) Strawberries.— The favourite fruit of early Tudor times. "Every man knoweth well enough where Strawberries growe." (Tomer, 1648). Tusser write* the following quaint couplet : — " Wife into thy garden and set me a plot, With Strawberry roots the best to be got." Plants were sold at id. the bushel in 1533 (Chapter House Accounts), and the Strawberries at ~J. the pottle. (Brewer, vol. i., p. cxiii.) " Strawberry water " was much esteemed. A. Boorde (1512), says, " Water is not wholesome by itself, but better it is to drynke with wyne or stylled waters,* especially water of Strawberries." Sweet William. — Tusser mentions this plant among his " herbes for a garden," and some plants were bought for the Royal gardens at Hampton Court in 1533. (Chapter House Accounts ) Tarragon. — " Well knowen in England." (Turner, 1548). Tusser says : " Set slippes in March." Thvme. — "Groweth righte up in our gardines." (Turner, 1548.) Turnip. — Macer gives directions for planting it, and Tusser says that the seed should be sown in March or April. Wallflowers. — They were called " Wall-gile- flowers." (Tusser.) Tusser writes under September : " Set Gileflowers all that grow on a wall." Walnuts. — They were sold by women about the streets of London. (Skelton, Poems, vol. i., p. 109.) * The manufacture of fruit and flower "waters" was a favourite occupation of the country housewives in Early Tii'lor times. Tusser writes :— " The knowledge of stilling is one pretty feat, The waters he wholesome, the charges not erete." Pitt Hundred Pointl of Good Husbandry. In 1532 they fetched 3s. 2d. a bushel. (Roger's Agric. Prices ) Winter Cherries. — " Thys herbe groweth much in my Lordes gardine at Syon." (Turner, 154S.) Wormwood. — Groweth nowhere in England, saving only in my Lordes gardine at Syon." (Turner. 1551.) Violets. — Very commonly grown. (See Tusser) In 1533, Violet roots sold for 3d. the bushel. ( Brewer, vol. i., p. cxiii.) P. E. N. (To be continued.) Orchid Notes and Gleanings. ORCHIDS AT MESSRS. J. VEITCH & SONS. The Cattleya-house at the Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, is now beautified by a display of fine forms of C. Triana; in bloom. Hundreds of their gorgeous flowers are arranged along the house, and not a bad one to be seen, while some among them, which are flowering for the first time, are of particular merit; notably, a fine variety as perfect id shape as the famous C. T. Schroderiana, but not so large, as it at present appears. Its broad labellum is of that rich velvety crimson seen in C. T. Osmani, a fine plant of which stands near by for comparison. The numerous orange- scarlet flowers of Lualia harpo- phylla and L. cinnabarina have an elegant appear- ance among the more massive flowers of the Catt- leyas, and the well-sheathed exhibition plants of Lrelia purpurata, for which Messrs. Veitch'a col- lection is noted, forms no inconsiderable feature in the eyes of those who admire the perfection of growth. Perhaps the best examples of good culture are to be observed in the stock of Aerides, Vandas, Saccolabiums, Phalamopsis, &c, which are generally considered hard to manage, and are anything but creditable in many large establishments. Since the plants at Chelsea have been under the management of Mr. Canham, they— and, indeed, the whole of the Orchids — have made very satisfactory progress. The Rockery-house always forms a centre of attraction for the best subjects then in flower; and at present its chief display is made by tine specimens of that old favourite, Dendrobium nobile, plants of which are arranged about the rocks and suspended overhead. Among them several fine forms appear, such as the nearly white I), n pulcherrimum ; the large-flowered and brightly-coloured I), n. roseum, and that best of all forms, D. n, nobibus. Some good specimens of 1). Wardianum and D. crassinode are arranged about the house; and suspended, with their elegant flowers drooping around, are D. Schneideri- anumX, D. Findlayanum, and others, including a plant in flower of that elegant recent introduction, 1). Macfarlanei, with its flowers resembling a white Lajlia anceps, of which Messrs. Veitch have suc- ceeded in procuring a small stock. A central plant on the rockery is a very fine specimen of Cymbidium Lowianum, with a very richly coloured lip ; and among handsome plants not usually seen are Paphinia Randii, Oncidium auriferum, Liparis cylin- drostachys, some rare Lycastes, a grand specimen of Codogyne cristata Lemoniana, and Dendrobium amethy8toglo8sum, all of which are in flower, together with a fine series of Dendrobium Ains- worthii X varieties, of which the last Chelsea intro- duction, I), splendidiasimtim grandiflorum X, is be- yond doubt the best. The Phalamopsis, which are kept tolerably cool and drier than is usual at this time, have some examples in bloom. The Cypri- pediums have about twenty-five kinds in flower, some of them in mauy specimens. This is sufficient to make a good show, but it is perhaps the smallest number to be found in bloom at Chelsea at any period of the year. The fine hybrids, C. Lathami- anumx, C. Germinyanumx, and C. calypso X, are prominent by their noble size and great beauty. Also, in the Cypripedium-house is a specimen of Ctelogyne cristata alba with nineteen spikes of pure white flowers. The cool-houses have a fair show of Odontoglossums, Lycastes, &c, and many treasures in the smaller-growing Orchids are to be found in the private houses formerly occupied by Mr. Seden with the hybrid Orchids, but which have now been removed from London, and their quarters handed over to the general stock. Ansellia africana. This attractive Orchid, which is a native of Sierra Leone, is now flowering very freely in the collection of the Rev. W. N. Ripley, Earlham Hall, Norwich. One large specimen has six spikes, and the number of flowers on each average from fifty to over 100. It presents a very fine sight, and indicates that Mr. Bartlett, the gardener, knows its requirements thoroughly. The sepals and petals are bright yellow, covered with irregularly-shaped blotches of rich shining brown; the three-lobed lip is also yellow with some reddish streaks on the sides. When this plant is grown well, and produces its spikes of flowers in such abundance as here noted, it forms one of the chief attractions in the Orchid-houses during January and February. J. If . Orchids at Storehouse Court. There is at present a fine display of bloom in the Orchid-houses of Major Chapman, at Stonehouse Court, Gloucester. PhaUenopsis are exceedingly well done by Mr. Elmer, the head gardener ; they are grown in a small span-roofed house in Teak- wood baskets elevated on pots about 2 feet from the glass, and stand on a bed of coal ashes. They are kept moist, and at a temperature of G5°. P. Stnartiana nobilis, a fine variety, bears twenty-two flowers on one spike, P. nmabilis, P. Schilleiiana, and P. grandiflora are in robust health. Dendro- bium Brwnerianum, with its beautiful golden-yellow fringed flowers, is very handsome ; D. nobile pendu- lum, l>. Ainsworthi, and 1). Wardianum Lowii, are also in flower. Several large pans of Coologyne cristata, one of the most useful and beautiful Orchids grown, is heavily laden with long racemes of flowers, ("uttleya Triana;, C. l'ercivaliana, Cypripedium Spicerianum, Masdevallia chimera, and Oocidium papilio are also flowering freely. W. Driver, Lonq- ford House, Minchinhampton. ClTRIPKDlUM AROUS. A native of the Philippine Islands, with oblong, lanceolate, acute marbled leaves; median sepal ovate-acute, white, with green and purple stripes of unequal lengths. Petals linear, oblong, ciliate, greenish-white, flushed with purple at the tips, and marked with dark purple warts or blotches. Reichcn- bachia, t. 83. Odontoglossum LUTRO-puRrniF.fH vaii. riuoxo- rhT.M.r.M. This variety is characterised by its long spike of very large flowers, whose clear vellow ground colour is covered with rich purple-brown blotches, which, on the erose or irregularly serrulated petals, are very numerous and irregular in shape. The plant grows on the mountains of New Grenada, at elevations of from 6000—7000 feet, and does not require, there- fore, a high temperature. When the season of growth sets in, in autumn, the temperature should be slightly increased to /. / FI14. 38.— ERIOGOXUM AXDBOSACEUM : FLOWERS FELLOW. Eriogonum androsaceum. — A dwarf, much branched perennial, with lanceolate, white, downy leaves, about an inch long. Scape, 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers, yellow. Habitat, Rocky Mountains and British America. E. Jamesii.— Perennial, similar to the former, but on both sides. Flowers yellow ; fruit, when ripe, red. One involucre, with numerous flowers on a bare stalk. Found in North-west Nevada to Wyoming territory, as high as SOOO feet. E. Douqlasii. — Perennial, very similar to the last species, but centre scape bearing a whorl of bracts. Habitat, North California, Oregon. E. ovalifolium (fig. 39). — This charming perennial species it especially well adapted for rockeries. Leaves greyish-white to silver-white, tomentose on both sides. Flowers numerous, rose-coloured, white or yellow in a close head on a bare scape. Habitat, North California to Colorada and British America. E. S2iha'rocc2>halum. — This species is similar to E. Douglasi, from which it differs by the long, linear, spatulate leaves, and the more branched shoots. Whilst E. Douglasi resembles E. ovalifolium in habit, E. sphserocephalum is a much spreading, creeping shrub. The shoots are about 2 inches long, and bear at the ends a single head, with numerous yellow flowers on a 2 inch long bracteate scape. E. sphic- rocephalum is found in North California, and from Nevada to Washington Territory. E. flavum, — A species allied to E. androsaceum, but the involucres bear more flowers, so that the whole inflorescence forms a large head. Flowers yellow, silky in texture externally. Washington Territory to the Saskatchewan, and South to Colorado. E. villifloruhi. — Perennial, densely tufted, and very shaggy throughout the crowded oblanceolate leaves, half an inch long, peduncles only an inch high, involucres few, in loose heads, bracteate at the base. Flowers silky within and without. South Utah. E. umbcllaium. — A highly decorative stoloniferous pereunial plant, from 6 to 12 inches high. The long- stalked involucres forma simple umbel of from three to ten rays. Leaves long, toothed, ovate, lanceolate, somewhat downy. Flowers yellow. In habit similar to E. compositum. N. California and Oregon to Colorado. E. ursinum. — Perennial. Scape long, averaging 1 foot in height, umbel compound, but stalks of the involucres very short, so that the whole inflorescence forms a club-shaped head. Flowers whitish, leaves ovate, tomentose on the under-surface. California. E. Lobbii. — Perennial. Scape about 1 foot high. Rays of the umbel few, usually very short and undi- vided. Flowers large, and very numerous in the in- volucres. Leaves oval or rounded ; petioles about 4 inches long, tomentose on under-surface. From the Sierra Nevada. E. composition (fig. 40). — A large (perennial) plant, a foot or more in height. Umbels compound, rays elongated. Leaves oblong, ovate, cordate, white and downy on under-surface. A distinctive species, suitable for rockeries and borders. Washington Territory and Idaho to North California. E, hi rackoides. — Similar in habit to the former, but the leaves almost linear, lanceolate, the scape bracteate, and the peduncles of the involucres irregu- lar. The flower-heads are small. Washington territory to Utah. U. D. ( To be continued.') FlO. 39.— K. OVALIFOLIUM : FLOWERS ROSE-COLOURED. leaves with long petioles, broader, ovate, lanceolate, and with sessile involucres. Found on high ledges or rocky hills near Chihuahua, Mexico. E. ctsspitosum.—A very nice dwarf perennial, of close habit, suitable for rockeries. Leaves ovate to oblong- spatulate, two to six lines long, tomentose A GARDENERS' PROBLEM. As a gardener who is fond of travel, and fancies he has learnt much therefrom, I cannot help entering a protest against some of Mr. Ewbank's remarks on the little value of information as to the natural habitat and growth of plants. What I venture to think Mr. Ewbank does mean is that such know- ledge is generally insufficient, and what I think is least of all considered is, " What are the conditions of my garden ?" The more perfectly we can imitate the conditions under which a delicate plant grows and thrives naturally, the more certain we must be of success. But the strength of a chain is no greater than that of the weakest link, and if we fail in one link we most probably fail in all. So then, what is needful is to consider not only the conditions of a plant at home, but its condition in your garden when March 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 261 you have planted it there. For instance, Mr. En- bank speaks of the futility of imitating the conditions under which alpine Primulas thrive at home, and says, " Death and destruction would have waited on them in my arid garden." Here we have the whole thing in a nutshell. Mr. Ewbank's garden is much hotter and drier in summer than the Alps ; hence, with him these Primulas will thrive in wetter positions and more retentive soils than they would do at home. In the north and west of England they thrive under the very condi- tions of soil and situation that would kill thera in Mr. Ewbank's dry and hot garden. Clianthus Dampieri has no doubt been considered a very tiresome, as well as gorgeous plant, but then has any traveller who is also a gardener failed to re- mark that in its native country its collar is not wetted by daily or frequent waterings with cold and probably lime-laden water ? The fact being, that in its home the dry season has set in before it flowers, and not a drop of rain does it get in a general way till long after every fat pod is full of seeds ready for another year. Thus a thoughtful Quedlinburg nursery- man by raising it on stilts, has done for it by art, what Nature provides at home. Mutisia decurrens is another instance of a diffi- cult plant to grow ; but I differ from Mr. Ewbank in his remarks on it, for I (foolishly, no doubt), feel very confident that had I seen it growing in its native country I should have a far greater chance of grow- ing it well ; indeed, as it i9. or rather was. I lost it through the marauding slug that ruthlessly ate off the shoots one spring, when I was absent from home, as is so often my misfortune. East May, on the Italian side of the Alps, I was enraptured with the magnificence of the crimson Polygala Cl.amaibuxus, growing in sheets under the Chestnut trees; perhaps Mr. Ewbank will be sur- prised to hear that the soil it so luxuriated in was pure leaf-mould, decayed Chestnut leaves, in which Erica carnea and Hepaticas seemed to revel equally. In the north of Scotland, I have seen Tropaiolum speciosum revelling on a south wall, while in hotter England it needs a cool aspect, we all know. Is not this merely want of knowledge as to the temperature and moisture it enjoys in Chili, when we say it requires one or the other? what it evidently likes is a mild ami uniform climate, such as Chili is supposed to possess. I am not sure that any one who has seen the swarms of mosquitos in Canadian swamps will be surprised to hear that Cypripedium spectabile enjoys liquid manure ! Surely such a number of dead Hies must count for something in the way of manure ? No: the thing we want is perfect knowledge; then we shall not attempt under circumstances where we must court failure ; but more than half the battle \*, " knowledge of the climate, soil, and temperature of your own garden." B. II. H'oodall. I find it hard to accept the doctrine that plants in a state of Nature are not found in positions that are best for them, but where they can exist. In the immense periods of time in which plant distribution has taken place, plants in my humble opinion have found the soils and places most con- genial to them, and their continued existence is a proof of it ; where the conditions have proved un- favourable, they have died out. That some plants will grow under varied conditions of soil I am pre- pared to admit, but that fact should not prevent us Irom following indications derived from observation of the natural circumstances that are found about a plant, and which have conduced to its healthy develop- ment. A collector failing to observe that Ericacea) and kindred plants grow on peaty soils, and attempting to cultivate them on clay or limestone, would soon be convinced of his error (see page 26.")); here the plants have chosen congenial positions, as our barren moor- lands testify, and even Gorse and Broom are happier on peaty wastes than on richer soils. Hippophae rham- noides grows and develops its best characteristics on the deep sand banks found on the Lincolnshire coast ; Psamma arenaria and Elymus arenarius thrive in similar positions, but are never found on the rich lands within the banks. That Hippophae delights in sand, and adopts it where the selection is possible, I have other evidence besides that of Lincolnshire. I have seen it flourishing on the sandy banks of the Iaere in Savoy, and I have found Elymus on the saudy accumulations on the banks of the upper part of the Rauma River in Norway. Mertensia maritima has been mentioned as show- ing an aversion to salt. I know one of the favoured habitats of this plant, it is growing freely in a little indentation on the N. E. coast, washed bv high tides, and frequently sprinkled with spray. The soil in which it grows is saturated with sea water, so I cannot accept the opinion that salt is inimical to its nature. Some of your correspondents are writing from the partial experiences of the light loams and ■ Flo. 40. ' i .-in If, r. 300. river drifts of the Thames valley, and from the Ragshot sand formation, which soils, like that at Kew, lightly enriched by humus, and having no marked or powerful mineral characteristics, provide the conditions required by many plants, but it is not a question of merely keeping a plant in existence, but of finding a soil that will encourage it to pro- duce its best and most desirable qualities, both of flower and fruit. The distribution of some plants is in certain cases more a question of rainfall than soil ; if a certain depth of decomposed vegetable matter exists on the surface, no matter on what soil it rests, and the'condition of climate that pre- vails securing it adequate supplies of moisture, it will grow. The places in which I have found Gentiana verna to thrive are Teesdale, and the wet meadows between the lakes of Thun and Interlachen. It is not climate alone that gives Jersey its pre- eminence in a horticultural point of view, but its wonderfully fertile granitic soil. William, Ingram, Bdcou: Plant Notes. RHODODENDRON ARBOREUM VAR. ROSEUM. A plant of the above, from 2 to 3 feet high, has for several weeks been in full bloom at Kew, and is bearing twenty beautiful trusses of bloom, each measuring 6 inches across. The flowers are cam- panulate, 1} inch across, and of a rich soft rose. In the typical arboreum the flowers are bright red, and the leaves are silvery underneath, it is therefore readily distinguished from this variety, which has the under surface of the leaves covered with reddish- brown down. It is unusual for plants of the size mentioned above to flower freely, but this may probably be due to its being grafted, and the scion obtained from a flowering plant. A nearly allied form of arboreum— R. nilagiricum — is just beginning to flower, and which, in beauty, is not inferior to R. a. roseum, but it is some six or eight weeks later. The flowers are of a rich deep rose at first, and become paler with age. The flowers are much spotted with crimson, and this feature and the later flowering of the plant are the only noticeable distinctions between the two. Agapetes buxikoma. Considering the beauty and easy culture of several of the greenhouse species of Vaccinium and Aga- petes, it is strange they are not more frequently grown. At Kew about a dozen of them are culti- vated in the Temperate-house, and the most orna- mental is the one above named, which is now in flower. It is a graceful shrub, with slender branches clothed with small leaves of a dark green colour ; the flowers tubular, an inch in length, and of a bright red, and produced in abundance on the ripened por- tions of the shoots. It is stated to be an epiphyte in its natural habitat, and to possess a tuberous swell- ing at the base of the stem. Perhaps the plants at Kew are as yet too young, as they give no indica- tions of the latter peculiarity. They are planted out in beds of peat, and grown also as pot plants, and thrive under both conditions. W. IS. Vegetables. BRUSSELS SPROUTS. The value of Brussels Sprouts can hardly be over- rated, and it is not too much to say of them that they are the most useful vegetable grown, as not only are they delicious in flavour when cooked, but their season is a very long one, and being so exceedingly hardy, plants may always be relied on to Btand the winter, and yield a supply for many weeks in suc- cession. To have them in the autumn, and with big stout stems that will throw fine sprouts, it is necessary to sow early, and especially in northern counties and cold districts, where the first batch should be raised under glass, the plants pricked out and favoured with the same protection, so as to get them as strong as possible, and ready for planting out in the open as soon as warm weather sets in. In cases where only a few hundred are required, the best way is to sow in boxes and place them in gentle heat ; but where a great number is wanted, it is advisable to make up a small hotbed, and place a frame on it, which should then be partly filled with leaves, and have a few inches of light soil put in and made firm and smooth, when the seed may be sown thinly, and only just covered with mould ; and if the frame is kept close for a few days the plants will appear, when the frame must be ventilated regularly to prevent the young plants getting drawn and weak. Equally important as early sowing, are good depth of soil well manured and ample space from plant to plant. It is a good way to plant Brussels Sprouts at least 4 feet apart between the rows, and have Potatos between them, as by doing this both crops are benefited by the large amount of space afforded, 262 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1890. Although there are now many strains that are of much larger size than the old imported Sprouts, there are none in my opinion equal to a good select strain of the latter, which produces very close hard Sprouts, of mild flavour. LeEHS. To have these really fine they require a long season of growth, and to be raised early. The best way to sow Leeks is in boxes, or on a gentle hot- bed, so as to get the plants earlier than it could be done in the open air, and as soon as large enough to handle, they should be pricked out — still under glass, or potted singly, and nursed on till May, and then planted in prepared ground or in trenches. Although the latter method gives the most trouble, the plants will grow larger and with longer stems, as it is very easy, when they are in trenches, to water them, earthing up to blanch being done in the autumn. A suitable depth for a trench is (i inches, and they should be prepared like Celery trenches. The Leeks may be put out in these trenches at 1 foot apart, and well watered to give them a start. Very good Leeks are grown by plant- ing them in holes, and leaving just the tops of the plants standing out, but the ground for them must be deeply dug and of a light friable nature. The main point is to have fine strong plants with plenty of root, and a large dibble should be used to make the holes, which may be 1 foot apart, and into them the plants should be dropped, and a very little soil knocked in to steady them. The necessary hoeing of the land gradually fills up the holes, and Leeks elongate and become very large. J. S. The Apiary. Colonial Notes, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. A Cestbal Bureau of Agriculture has been esta- blished with the following objects : — The Bureau will collect and publish by means of the Press, and with the aid of the district bureaus, information of every kind calculated to prove bene- ficial to the colonists engaged in agricultural, horti- cultural, pastoral, and other pursuits connected with the cultivation of the soil, such as — 1. The suitability of the various districts of the colony (in regard to soil, situation, elevation, aspect, &c.) for the growth or production of plants, animals, &c. 2. Information obtained respecting plants, animals, products, &c, likely to prove of value to cultivators. 8. The best methods of cultivating various kinds of crops, and of breeding and feeding domestic auimals, and of improving the same. 4. The methods of preparing and preserving various products for market, and discovery of markets for the products of the soil. 5. The collection of agricultural statistics, par- ticularly as affecting the area under cultivation in each district ; the number and breeds of animals ; the nature and condition of crops during each month ; the times of sowing or planting and harvest- ing; the average yield per acre of fruits, cereals, &c. ; the cost of cultivating each kind of crop ; and all information that might serve to guide intending settlers. G. The collection of information respecting all kinds of pests affecting the farm, forest, garden, orchard, and vineyard. 7. To ascertain and suggest the best means of eradicating poisonous plants, and of combating the effects of disease or ihe ailments of domestic animals. 8. To prevent as far as possible the introduction and spread of such pests, and to induce colonists to give the earliest information concerning the appear- ance of previously unknown plants, or parasites upon plants, or of diseases of animals, in order that the same may be at once identified and dealt with. 9. To publish, when necessary, bulletins, abstracts, and reports containing all such information as may be deemed desirable. 10. The district bureaus to be asked to give every assistance in their power in aid of the objects of the Agricultural Bureau, BEE-HOUSES. Bee-houses are exercising a good many minds at the present time. Since the advent of the bar- framed hive they have been more or less run down — partly, no doubt, because of the completeness of modern hives ; but they seem to be coming into favour again, and much may be said in their behalf. I know several people who have very handy lofts, and in all cases these bees turn out well. They winter well, are ready for swarming sooner than the bees kept out-of-doors, are ready for supering before any others, and yield a larger surplus. Lofts are, of course, of the nature of bee-houses. But now " house apiaries," as they are called, are being regu- larly built and used again. When one is being constructed, it is better to build them too large than too small. Boom ought to be left so that the manipulator can not only move about, but space should be left to keep articles for use, and even to extract. It is very convenient for a bee-keeper to have all his tools together. If care be taken with the extracting, no inconvenience ought to be experienced from robber bees. The best shape is a fairly long house, with one of the long sides facing the south. All along the south side hives can be arranged. This would leave the opposite side and two ends free. There will, of course, be a door, and this ought to contain a revolving window. When manipulating, some bees are sure to escape, and would find their way at once to the window. This could be revolved, and all the bees would at once be outside, and would go to their hives. Though there would be an expense in setting up the house at first, much would afterwards be saved by possessing strong colonies of bees, and in the matter of covers, &c. Some people arrange their hives on shelves, and make the shelves act as floor-boards, thus saving floor-boards and covers as well. In this case the hives may consist simply of four pieces of wood nailed together. The matter is well worth consi- deration where a little outlay at the first is not a great obstacle. Very good houses can be obtained from most dealers in bee appliances, and at a cheaper rate even than they could be put up by the local carpenter. Bee. The Bulb Garden. THE CULTURE OF LILIES. I advisk amateurs who wish to grow Lilium auratum and other Lilies at the side of shrubberies or near trees, to sink below the level of the soil, casks with the bottoms out, to fill them with good Lily soil, and to plant the bulbs about 6 inches deep. In the Gardeners' Chronicle of September 28, 1889, p. 362, I mentioned having tried a paraflin cask. At the side of this were two Lily beds, from which the soil had been taken out about 5 feet deep, and Lily soil filled in. On lately examining these beds we found them, though the Lilies had only been planted nine months, filled with roots from the shrubs, sufficient to impoverish and dry the soil. I have now sunk a number more casks, principally old linseed-oil casks, which are of greater diameter than paraffin casks, and will report results. I think gar- deners aresometimes blamed for Lilies failing, when it is the tree roots that are in fault. One of the oldest and highest of the hardy plant authorities, on seeing the cask plan, paid it the compliment of adopting it. George F. Wilson. Plaoiolibion Hohsjianni. Since its introduction to cultivation from Colom- bia, in 1883, by Messrs. F. Horsman & Co., of Colchester, this remarkable Amaryllid seems to have been greatly neglected in gardens. Why this should be so it is difficult to imagine, for it is certainly a very pretty plant, with its strong scapes of pure white flowers, which are produced in great abundance. It is interesting as forming the type of a new genus, established and described by Mr. J. G. Baker in the Gardeners' Chronicle, July 14, 1883, p. 38. A figure of it also appears in the same month and year at p. 105, which, although not representing the vigour and size of the plant now, nevertheless shows the shape and peculiarity of the flowers very correctly. Plagiolirion Horsmanni has been in flower in Messrs. Sander & Co.'s nursery, St. Albans, since the middle of December last, and still seems to be quite vigorous and fresh. It is planted out in a border, growing in rich loam, with a little peat and leaf- mould mixed, and no special attention is given to it. Still it thrives. The bulbs are ovoid, and bear at the summit two or three broadly oblanceolate leaves, which measure about 2 feet long, slightly channelled in the centre on the upper surface, and having a prominent fleshy midrib beneath. The stout glau- cous-green scape attains a height of over 2 feet, surmounted by an umbel of about thirty to forty pure white flowers, which expand centripetally. Their chief peculiarity is in having the segments in a semicircle, and radiating upwards, like the ribs of a fan ; while the stamens, whicli are about half the length, radiate downwards. It is owing to these oblique, or one-sided characteristics of the flower, that the genus received the name of Plagiolirion. John Weathers. Cbocus Balansje. This charming little species, now in flower in many collections, is a bright gem even amongst spring Croci. It was first introduced and described by G. Maw, Esq., who received the corms from M. Balansa. In general appearance it is nearest to C. Susianus; the flowers, however, are smaller than t hose, and of a bright rich orange colour inside ; the outer surface is coated purple-brown, and when seen in large masses, the flowers being half open, itmakes a very striking picture. C. Sabini variety versicolor has a ground colour of lilac, and the tips of the segments marked dark purple, is also a striking Crocus, and one that should be grown largely for spring flowering. C. aerius, Billiotii, and a few of this class, should also be included iu all collections, on account of their free flowering, as well as hardy constitutions. I). Plants and Their Culture. The Conservatory and its Supply Pits. — The conservatory at this date should be bright with Acacias in variety, and Camellias and forced plants, including bulbs. Primulas and Cinerarias will now be in good bloom, and these, and forced Indian Azaleas and other plants, will soon require to be shaded during the middle of the day, for which purpose the blinds should be got in readiness, and repairs to these done without delay. Azaleas soon lose their freshness, if exposed to the full glare of the sun. Any Camellia plant which has grown naked at the base may, as soon as the bloom is over, be shortened back, and allowed to break into new growth, giving it a light position, so that the growths may not be weak. Creepers should be regulated aud thoroughly cleansed. Cuttings of various species of climbing plants may be propagated at this season, taking them off with a heel wherever possible. Many of these plants are attacked by white scale, and the present is a favourable time to rid them of these insects. Any old plants of Aspidistra lurida which are in sour soil should be turned out, broken up and repotted, and the plants given a mild bottom-heat. Aspi- distras, when large, require manure-water to keep the leaves in health, ana with this intent soot- water once or twice a month is beneficial. Some corms of Gladiolus gandavensis should be potted up for early summer flowering. G. Brenchleyensis is also an effective plant ; a cold frame will suit these. A sowing of Nicotiana affinis should be made now, and again at intervals of two months until July. Mignonette may be sown in small pots, employing March 1, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 263 a good compost. Mimulus, in variety, if not sown in the autumn, should be Bown at once, and as soon as the seeds appear removed to a cold frame, and placed close to the light. A pan or two of Schizanthus in variety, if not sown earlier, will come in useful for the conservatory during the summer, if sown at once. Cclosias should be sown in heat for summer decoration. This sowing need not be a large one, as another should be made in six weeks' time. It is best to grow these plants quickly, and to give them no check. A few dwarf Scabiose are effective in pots when grown early. A sowing of Browallia elata and B. alba should be made, these being charming decorative plants in the cool greenhouse or conserva- tory. Rhodanthes of torts should be sown in gentle heat, transferring them to the frames when ready. Amaranthus of sorts need for a time treatment similar to the Celosias. Acroliniums of sorts are useful conservatory decorative plants, and are as pretty for this work as the Rhodanthes. Herbaceous Calceolarias should get a shift again, if it be necessary, and they must be kept perfectly clean, using a larger quantity of loam at this shift. Liliutus shouM get full exposure to light, as the bulbs should be growing freely at this date, being kept quite close to the glass. Any potting of bulbs should be completed as early as possible. Ixias, Sparaxis, and Babianas should get all the light possible to prevent drawing, and be kept in a cool place ; cold nits are the most suitable for them it they are kept just free from frost. East Lothian Stocks will bs growing freely, and should be assisted witii weak liquid manure. Suc- cession plants of these Stocks should be shifted, if required ; also the useful Primula obconica, for summer flowering, should be shifted into larger pots. Auriculas should be kept free from decayed leaves, and any top dressing done that may be necessary. An early sowing of the useful Campanula pyramidalis should be made, and when the seedlings are large enough they should get a cool place in which to grow. Geo. Wythes, St/on House. year throughout in the stove. I have been experi- menting with it. and will report progress at a later date. A. G. Catt, Parlcfldd, Worcester. The Orchid Houses. East Inman Hotjsb. — Thunia (Phaius) Marshal- liana and T. Bausonia; will now be breaking away with young growths, from the base of the pseudo- bulbs last made. They should now be repotted, and in doing this, I use a compost consisting of about three parts of good fibry peat, one of sphagnum moss, and a good supply of silver sand. The pots should be prepared in advance, i.e., they should be filled three parts with potsherds, with a sprinkling of sphagnum over them, the whole should then be firmly packed, and sticks inserted to hold the plant firmly. Where there are several plants of the same Variety, it is a good practice to take all the strongest growths out of a pot, hut leaving the weaker growths to make another year's growth by themselves ; and by doing this every plant in the pot will have its flower. Spathoglottis Kimballiana is a beautiful Orchid now in flower, and was potted in a compost con- sisting of one hulf turfy loam, one part fibry peat chopped short, and one of sphagnum moss, with a little silver sand added. It is an exce»dingly free flowering species, and makes abundance of growths. Dendrobium Lowii, now finishing up its growths, must not be kept quite so very wet, still it must not be allowed to be very dry for a long time together, it being a great lover of moisture at the roots. The same remarks will apply to I). McCarthie, at this time of the year. Ceelogyne Massangeana, now starting into growth, may be rebaaketed if this be found necessary. I find that these plants are much more effective when they are of small size, say with three or four blooming growths ; they may be then hung about to advantage. They do well in peat and sphagnum moss. Temperatures for this house 05° at night, with a rise of 5° to 10° by day. Cattleya House. — General attention may now be directed to this house, and, if it contain C. Harrisoni and C. Lnddigessii these will now require repotting I. Del a lil"' iiia now in flower is a verv beautiful plant. Any plants of Vanda teres or V. Hookeriana, which have been resting in this house, should now be put back into the position they will occupy when growing. I grow thnm at the south end of a stove, close to the glass, where they are never shaded, but syringed three and four times a day. I am inclined to believe that V. Hookeriana is better when allowed to remain the The Hardy Fruit Garden. Protection foe Fruit Trees. — The pruning and training of all fruits, Peach and Figs excepted, having been brought to a close, the most pressing matter is the due pretention of the blossoms from injury bv frost. The difficulties attendant on pro- tecting fruit trees in the open ground are too great for it to be attempted except in the case of low-growing espalier and cordons. On walls, whatever is applied should be done at the right time, that is just before the flowers begin to expand; and the application of protecting materials is a question which each person must decide for himself. Whatever be used to screen trees from frost, it should be open enough to admit air and some amount of light, for to put on materials which are heavy and thick not un- frequently does more harm than good, as keeping the flower buds close and in semi-darkness renders them too weak to set well. A cheap and generally efficient protection will be found in tanued herring netting in two or three thick- nesses ; and where no good permanent wood or glass coping are put up, some 9-inch boards cut into long lengths and fixed close up to the brick coping of the wall will he found to keep off rain nnd sleet, and inter- cept radiation of heat from the wall. These board copings are of great service in keeping the blooms dry — an important point in obtaining a good set. Light Fir poles. Bamboo-rods, or the like, fixed in the ground at a distance of G feet apart, and 3 feet from the bottom of the wall, and sloping upwards to the board coping, and secured with a nail, will serve to keep the netting or other material from the walls, and give space for any one to pass underneath. Some lines of strong twine should run from pole to pole, and made fast to each, thus adding to the security and efficiency of the protection. Some years ago, I used to employ blinds of strong canvas, which were worked on iron rods at the top of the wall, and when in use were hooked to boards placed at a short distance from the wall, but when the south-west wind blew strongly it tore nearly every- thing away. A. Eeans, Lytht Hill, Haslemere. Fruits Under Glass. The Pinebv. — The details given in former Calendars may not be relaxed, especially with those plants dependent upon their bottom-heat from deep beds of tan or leaves, for oftentimes the fermentation increases during a fortnight after the new material is put in, and great injury inevitably follows if this be not noticed and remedied. Fruiting-house. — Those fruiters which have shown fruit since October, may now be forced harder, and as the days lengthen, the moisture may also be increased. Carefully note the state of the soil, as greater activity of the roots will demand more water being afforded. When watering has become necessary, weak gnano-water at a temperature of 90° may occa- sionally take the place of pure water, and remember- ing that driblet watering is to he avoided. Examine frequently the centres of probable fruiters, and as soon as the bloom-spike is observed, the plants should receive liquid-manure water, being careful at the same time not to wot these plants overhead when syringing the house, until the period of flowering is passed. All walls, paths, and surfaces of beds should be thoroughly damped at closing time, and oftener, when the atmosphere is dry and arid. Maximum night temperature, 70°; of the day, 80° to 90°. Bottom-heat maximum, 90°. Succession-houses may be kept less close, by more ventilation being afforded, but avoiding cold draughts and checks of any kind. The bottom-heat may stand at 70° to 75° ; the day warmth may not exceed 65°. Suckers that have been kept close till rooted may be gradually inured to less humidity. The maximum night temperature, G0°; maximum day temperature. 80°, with sunshine; and do not omit to moisten all dry surfaces at; closing time. Vineries. — In houses where the Grapes have been thinned, the Vines will be benefited by a sprinkling of manure, Thomson's or other, which may be washed in with water at 90s, that is, when the borders are inside the bouses, some spent Mushroom bed dung being spread over them afterwards. If strong farmyard dung be used as a mulch, the am- monia arising therefrom must be allowed to escape through the top ventilators in the early morning, or the first strong sunshine will cause the tender foliage to " scald." Keep a look-out for the appear- ance of red-spider, esptcially in hot dry corners over the pipes, and on the appearance of yellow- speckled foliage, at once sponge it with soapy water. The foliage of the Vines may have an occasional syringing of clear soot-water at closing time. To make this, a one peck bag of soot should he stood iu 20 gallons of water for twelve hours, and the water made in this way will be found quite safe to use with the syringe. The floors, walls, and those portions of borders dried up by the pipes, should be occasionally damped down with liquid manure at. closing time, and alternately with soot water. Afford a chink of night air by the front ventilators if it is passed over the warm pipes. " Hit or miss " ventilators are the best, but perforated zinc and hinged wooden shutters are nearly equal to them ; the zinc ventilator pre- vents the ingress of mice, &c, and serves to break up cold currents of air. Maintain a night temperature of 60°, and if the thermometer falls stilt lower on cold nights, the rest obtained in that way during the hours of darkness will not be without benefit to the Vines. The day temperature should b' about 80°, more or less, according to the state of the weather. Fruiting Pot Vines. — Continue to give liberal supplies of liquid manure, and top- dressings of turfy loam to cover the roots as they appear on the surface. Maintain a high humid temperature by day, so long as the berries are swelling, giving partial rest at night. The stoning period is at hand, when little apparent progress will be made, but do not neglecr, previously mentioned details. W. Crump, Madroficld Court, Malvern. The Kitc_hen Garden. Seakale for Forcino and Planting. — In getting up a stock of this vegetable, cuttings of the roots, 6 inches in length, will be found to be more certain in remits than seed, and plants will make good crowns from th*se by the month of October, good enough for forcing or planting. The ground should be well tilled and manured. The sets may be put out at 1 foot apart in the rows, and 18 inches between the rows. The top of the set may be an inch or so beneath the surface, and the hole filled up with coal- ash or fine soil. Before planting, tread the ground, if light, to a moderate degree of firmness, and give it a light rake over. There is no necessity of planting pieces with a crown bud, and pieces without a bud seldom flower the first season. If plantations are to be made for forcing under pots, dibble in six or eight sets in clumps, according to the size of pots, 3 feet apart. Seakale, although it delights in a moderately firm soil, requires good drainage, and free exposure to the sun, to assist the maturing of the foliage. Potatos. — In mild weather, a few of Myall's or some other early variety may be set on a sheltered border, and tome may be put at the base of a south wall and between the rows of early Peas. Piaut the Bets rather deeper and closer together than is usual for later plantings. Cauliflowers in Frames. — If hnnd-lights In good numbers are available, some of the plants wintered in frames may be planted out, taking the plants where standing thickly together. Outside planting should be deferred to the last weeks in March. Good soil, deeply trenched and manured, is best for Cauli- flowers; and for hand-lights four plants should he used to each, affording full ventilation during the day, and when it is bright weather removing the tops till evening. Parsnips may now be sown on well-trenched ground free of rank manure, allowing a distance of 14 inches between the rows. Sow the Beed rather sparingly in drills an inch deep, or th» seed tiuiv be dropped in threes at eight inches apart, to sav.' labour of thinning later on. Lift and store tlf remainder of the last year's crop in a cool place, trimming oft the crown somewhat closely. General Directions. — If frosty weather should set in, get manure wheeled to quarters whete it Is required ; trench and dig all vacant plots, H.MarXj- haiii, Mtrcwrth Castle, Maidstone, 264 THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to briny under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- municationi should be written on one side only of the papeb, and sent as early in the week as possible. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. ( Roses, and other Plants, at the City WEDNESDAY, Mar. S Roses, Fruit Trees, Border Plants, Shrubs, Conifers, Liliums, Dah- lias, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies, Palm Seeds, Greenhouse I Plants, &c, at Protheroe & (, Morris' Rooms. i' Imported and Established Orchids. 10.000 Lilium auratum and other Lilies from Japan, at Stevens' Rooms. Nursery Stock from Sample, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. M n - I Imported and Established Orchids, JMA"' ' \ at Protheroe & Morns' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 41°. The Proposed IT 13 quite natural that those who Horticultural are familiar with the difficulties Hal1- and entanglements experienced by the Royal Horticultural Society at South Kensington — difficulties from which the Society has even now barely emerged — should feel some alarm at the proposal to incur a large outlay in bricks and mortar. The proceedings at the annual meeting were not fully reported, nor was any definite programme in black and white laid before the meeting. This was unfortunate, for had a bare outline of the scheme been com- mitted to print, with an accompanying estimate of the cost and of the means of obtaining the requisite funds, been circulated beforehand, much misapprehension would have been avoided. Fellows, both old and new, who were not at the meeting, and some who were, have written to us expressing in no measured terms what they consider the wanton folly of the proposal. Such opinions are, however, based upon an entire mis- conception. The Society, as a society, is in no way committed to do anything more than pay the rent for the premises it is proposed it should occupy in lieu of those now made use of. To prevent, so far as possible, the further spread of misunderstanding, we applied to Baron Schroder for a brief statement of his views, which he has been kind enough to give us in the following terms : — ■ "In reply to your letter of yesterday's date, I beg to state that the gentleman, whose letter you inclose, and which I now return, entirely misunderstands my proposal for the building of a horticultural hall The money which I propose to collect will not go into the hands of the Royal Horticultural Society, but is to be invested in the names of three trustees, who will be responsible to the lenders for the proper investment of the funds ; they will have to invest the greater part of it in first-class securities, bearing interest ; the minor part they will have to invest in building a hall of horticulture and offices attached to it. " The Horticultural Society will have to pay interest in lieu of rent for the building they occupy, and the total interest derived from the investment and payment from the Royal Horticultural Society in lieu of rent will go to the payment of the ground rent by the trustees. I calculate that the total thus received will cover the ground rent, and the trustees will ask no payment from those that give the money until £30,000 to £40,000 have been promised, to secure the due payment of the ground rent. " You will thus see that the Royal Horticultural Society will not be made responsible for more than the rent due for the building they occupy. ./. H. W, Schroder." Since this note was written, we have received from the Royal Horticultural Society a oircular which it is purposed to send to all the Fellows, and which, as showing exactly what is intended, we here append : — " When, at the end of the year 1887, our Society was compelled to vacate the premises at South Ken- sington, and, failing better accommodation, the Council made an arrangement with the officers of the London Scottish Volunteers for the use of their Drill Hall for the Society's fortnightly meetings, this step was regarded as being of a distinctly temporary nature, and desirable only as affording the Society time to recover itself before making provision for a permanent home. "During 1888 and 1889, the Society has devoted itself energetically to its true and legitimate work, viz., the improvement, both in quantity and quality of the food and floral productions of our country, and the circulation of such information and know- ledge, gained by experience and trial, as may tend to the practical advancement of gardening, orchard- ing, and such like. The policy pursued by the Council has met with such general and widespread approval, that a very large number of new Fellows have joined the Society, and the Council feel that the time has now come to take the first step towards bringing the temporary arrangements mentioned above to a conclusion, and for providing the Society with suitable premises of its own. " There has at the same time arisen amongst the general public a desire, which has found expression in the gardening press, for a central Hall for Horti- culture— a desire, in fact, for the centralisation of all horticultural associations, benevolent institu- tions, &c, round the Royal Horticultural Society as a centre. The Council of the Society have, there- fore, determined to proceed at once in this matter, for which, if only the command of a sufficient sum of money can be obtained, all things seem ripe. "In looking out for a site for the proposed build- ings, three things are essential : — (1.) It must be in a central position in London. (2.) It must be easy of access by road and by rail. (3.) It must possess abundance of light. Unfortunately these three essentials are exactly those which give to any site which possess them the greatest monetary value, but, being of such absolute necessity for the purposes of the Society, the Council feel that they must grapple with the fact of a very high ground-rent if the result is to be in any real sense satisfactory or worthy of our ancient Society and its thoroughly national objects. One or two such sites have been suggested, but, as was anticipated, the ground-rent is in each case very large, and constitutes the only grave difficulty to be surmounted. The Council do not, however, despair of success, if all the Fellows of the Society will join witli them in making a united effort to overcome it. For this purpose the ollowing scheme has been proposed by Baron Henry Schroder, and was explained by him at the general meeting of the Society, held on February 11, 1890. " It is proposed to invite all friends of horticulture to join together in placing in the hands of three Trustees (of whom Baron Schroder is willing to be one), a sum of £10,000, to be held by the Trustees free of interest, for the benefit of the Society, and to be gradually returned to the lenders by annual drawings of the bonds which they will receive from the Trustees — the drawiugs to commence, it is hoped, two years after the opening of the new buildings. " Of this sum of £40,000, the greater part would be invested by the Trustees in first-class securities yielding interest, and the remainder would be in- vested in the buildings to be erected, the Suciety paying rent for them, and the total of interest and rent thus received by the Trustees would suffice for the payment of the ground rent. It is hoped that a considerable sum would be annually obtained for the purpose of redemption of bonds by letting the basement and the great hall itself for various purposes at times when it was not required by the Society. " Thus the lenders will see that the sum invested by the Trustees, together with the value of the buildings erected, would form ample security for their money, and the only loss to themselves would be that of the interest during the period between their placing the money in the hands of the Trustees and the date of the drawing of the bonds they will hold in its stead. That the matter can be carried to a successful conclusion the Council are amply assured if all lovers of horticulture will join together to lend the money required. " Hoping that we may receive your hearty sympathy and active support, W. Wiles, Secretary, B.II.S." Cypripediums Spicerianum and C. MOR- GAN/EX.— Our Supplementary Sheet gives illus- trations of two fine examples of the favourite genus Cypripedium— C. Spicerianum and C. Morgame — the former from Mr. T. Coomber, The Hendre Gardens, Monmouth, and which may probably be considered the finest specimen of C. Spicerianum ever grown in a 60-size pot ; and the latter from a photograph of a specimen of C. Morgana) X in the collection of Nor- man C. Cookson, Esq., Wylam-on-Tyne, and which for beauty and profusion of flower it would be difficult to excel. C. Spicerianum appeared with Mr. Herbert Spicer at Godalming some twelve years ago, and its native habitat was for a long time unknown ; but a few years ago this was discovered, and large quantities were imported, so that at the present time it is very plentiful in collections, and a general favourite. C. Morgans x affords an illustration of the energy displayed by Orchidists in making use of the material at hand to produce by cross fertilisation new varieties. Originally raised in the nurseries of Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son, by crossing C. super- biens (Veitchii) with C. Stonei, its inflorescence of natural size was illustrated in our columns, August 21, 1886, from a plant grown in Baron Schroder's collection. Since that time it has been raised inde- pendently by others, and has flowered with Sir Trevor Lawrence, at Burford, and now again with Norman C. Cookson, Esq., whose plant, affording a good idea of the floriferous character of the variety, we now illustrate. It will be seen that the flowers of Cypri- pedium Morgana; have a curious resemblance to those of the famous C. Stonei platytamium, which appeared among some imported plants of C. Stonei ; but the leaves, exhibiting traces of the darker veining of C. superbiens, are very different from the plain green one3 of C. Stonei. The Minister of Agriculture.— It is as well to remember that the Minister of Agriculture is Minister for Horticulture and fur Forestry also. The gardeners and fruit growers may exercise some influence in case of need, either independently or by putting pressure on the Eoyal Horticultural or Royal Agricultural Societies as the accredited re- presentatives of their several arts. In a recent debate in the House of Commons, we note that Mr. Picton called attention to the large importations of Apples from foreign countries. The new Minister, X ■til T I ?.ful to orntect March 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 265 Mr. Chaplin in reply, said ;—" I do not, perhaps, attach so much importance to the cultivation of fruit as the hon. gentleman appears to do ; undoubtedly all those matters are entitled to and are, in fact, at the present time engaging the careful consideration of the Board of Agriculture. Fruit cultivation is a matter which we are now considering in connection with the question of agricultural education, but let me give one word of caution on this subject. It must be remembered that the cultivation of fruit depends perhaps more upon climate than upon any- thing else, and there we stand unquestionably, with the exception of some favoured districts, at a dis- advantage as compared with many other countries of the world." W'e are afraid that neither the ques- tioner, nor the Minister fully appreciate the bearings of the case. The weather is not the only thing to be considered, indeed, in some cases, bad weather may be beneficial to the growers by ensuring higher prices. LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— At the meeting held on Thursday, February 20, W. Carbuthers, F.R.S., President, in the chair, Messrs. W. Eagle, Clarke, and J. H. Veitch were admitted, and Mr. James Jack elected Fellows of the Society. Mr. G. C. Druce exhibited specimens of Agrostis canina var. scotica, and a small collection of flowering plants, dried after treatment with sulphurous acid and alcohol, and showing a partial preservation of the natural colours of the flowers. Mr. F. F. Fascoe exhibited a series of Coleopterous and Ltqmlopherous insects, to show the great diversity between insects of the same family. The Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.I'., P.C., then gave an abstract of four memoirs which he had prepared — (1.) On the Fruit and Seed of the Jhglandiss j (2 On the Shape of the Oak leaf; (8.) On the Leaves ol Viburnum; and (4.) On the IVesence and Functions of stipules. An interesting discussion followed, in which Mr. J. G. Baker, Mr. John Fraser, Mr. D. Morris, and Professor Marshall Ward took part. An evening meeting will beheld on March <>, at 8 p.m., when the following papers will be read : 1. On the production of seed in some varieties of the common Sugar Cane, Saccharum officinarum, by D. Morris, P.L S. •_'. An investigation into the true nature of callus.— Part I. The Vegetable Marrow, and Ballia callitiicha, by Spencer Moore, F. I. s. Dr. GILBERT, who, in connection with Sir John Lawks, has devoted a life-time to the elucidation of the principles on which agriculture is based, is to be honoured, or rather the University of Edinburgh is going to confer honour on itself, by the conference of the degree of Doctor of Laws on the celebrated agricultural chemUt of Rothamsted. The Right lion. II. Chaplin, who has only just put the harness on as Minister of Agriculture, is to receive the same degree. A Gigantic Orchid.— A paragraph relating to a large plant of some Orchid has lately been " going the rounds "of the press. In relation to it C. Km -i it, Esq., Warren House, Great Stanmore, Middlesex, sends us the following letter, which is written by his nephew, Mr. A. Kiyser, Resident Magistrate at Selangor :— "It may interest some of your readers to hear of one of the largest Orchids that has ever been seen in this country. I noticed it on a very high tree (Durian tree), while riding some 14 miles from my house. It formed a complete circle round the tree. The Durian fruit being much valued by the Malays, I was not inclined to purchase the entire tree for the sake of the Orchid, and therefore, perhaps, did not obtain it in as good condition as I otherwise could have done. I ordered the plant to be scraped off and brought to the house. It took fifteen men to move it. The Orchid is now in my garden. It is 7ft. "Jin. high, and 13}ft. across. It has seven spikes of flowers, the longest 8ft. (iin. The blossoms are a dark brown, spotted yellow. As it is very seldom that any Furopeau visits this part of the State the Orchid does not get as much admiration as it deserves, the Malays thinking my appropriation of it rather an insane proceeding, as the blossoms are not good to eat. — Yours, &c. Arthur ICeyser. " Kwala Kubu, Ulu Selangor, Selangor, "Straits Settlements, January 5." It would appear to refer to a species of Grammato- phvll'Y'jg oi'tenh agree- better with the description _ :«.-,„(;„ fcr Orchid we can think of, but the species necessarily remains doubtful. Will Mr. Key- see kindly dry a specimen of the plant and forward it, so as to enable us to satisfactorily determine the species? The same gentleman mentions a somewhat remarkable proliferous Pine-apple. He describes it as " about 1 jft. long, and from its base stand out at right angles ten perfect Pines of 8 inches each." The Royal Horticultural Society.— The Society has been of late years, from one cause or another, signally unfortunate in its Assistant-secre- taries ; we are, of course, not alluding to its honorary officers, but to the paid officials. There seems now a chance that the post and the man will be better suited the one to the other than heretofore. Mr. John Weathers, who has been appointed to the po3t, has manifested energy and perseverance to a remarkable extent ; he has a sound knowledge of practical horticulture and botany, and of their re- quirements ; he is a linguist, and a capable draughts- man. He was formerly at Kew, but lately he has been with Messrs. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, and has been, since the death of Professor Rhichbnbach, largely concerned in the editing of the !!■ i /.■ Malformed Cattleyas.— A correspondent at Beekenham obligingly sends us fine flowers of Cattleya Trian:t", all similarly malformed. In all the ovary and ovules were absolutely wanting, the cavity of the ovary being replaced by a tube pro- longed downward from the style, and lined with a purple lining. The three sepals were normal, but in every case the lateral petals were adherent to the column. In some cases the petals bore traces of anthers on their edge. The lip and column were mostly normal, except in size. Our correspondent asks, " Can you account for it in any way ? " Well, yes ; we can. The appearances are the consequence of a check to growth or arrest of development. Further than that we cannot go. How, why, when the check came is more than we can say. The plants are reported to be quite healthy. Royal Horticultural Society of Aber- deen.— The prize schedule of this Society lias just been issued for the grand floral fSte ol 1890 and spring show of 1891. It is much bulkier than usual, and contains a lot of new matter. The patron is U.K. II. the l'rince of Wales. The honorary Pre- sident the Lord Provost of Aberdeen, and the Chair- man of the Acting Directors, Mr. James Murray Gordon, Advocate, Aberdeen. There are four divi- sions for competition at the/tV*- — (1.) Professional gardeners; (2.) Nurserymen and florists; (.'!.) Amateurs; and (4.) Working men. There are 722 prizes offered at the file, which is fixed for August 21, 22, and 2.'!. The spring show will be in April, 1891, on a date to be afterwards fixed. THE HEATHER. — Everyone knows how common a plant the Ling (allium vulgaris is in this country in suitable situations from John o' Groats to Pen- zance. The plant is, however, extremely rare on the North American continent, where it has only been found in a few localities, and then under circum- stances which, for the most part, forbid it being considered as wild. " Here and there," says Pro- fessor Goodale, in Garden and Forest, " it has been found in small amount, but it has had only a pre- carious hold on the soil, with no assurance that at any place as yet unvisited our botanists will find it well established. . . . We have in such a study of Heather in a New England pasture a capital illus- tration of the paucity of simple facts at one's com- mand. What we do know is the following; — A common plant, wild in a soil and climate much like our own, refuses under the ordinary conditions of the struggle for existence to make even a pretence of holding its ground when it comes here. What no one know3 is the following : — Whether the con- ditions here of heat and cold, dryness and moisture, insect visitants, competing shrubs and herbs, grazing animals, and the like, are so nearly favourable that, with a trifling change one way or the other, they might serve the plant well, and give it here an open welcome." Dr. Goodale does not tell us if the plant is found to be difficult to cultivate in American botanic gardens or nurseries. [We have grown a patch of it for the last twenty years on the London clay with no peat but with a little road-sand, intermixed. Fr>.] COPROSMA BAUERIANA.— Has any one tried this handsome evergreen shrub by the sea coast in the south-west of England or Ireland ? It seems likely that it might succeed in such localities, as it is said, in Kirk's Forest Flora of Neio Zealand, to resist the force of the fiercest gales, and to develop its beautiful foliage in situations where it is often washed by the spray. Variegated forms are known. In this country we have only seen it in conservatories, but it must surely be as hardy as Grislinia littoralis. The American Florists' Company's Di- rectory.— We have received a copy of this new Directory, which contains a list of florists, nur- serymen, and seedsmen of the United States and Canada, classified according to the States. We have no doubt but that it will prove of service to those having trade relations across the Atlantic. The American Florists' Company's address is ~>t, l.a Salle Street, Chicago, U.S.A. Show FIXTURES.— We have received a schedule of prizes ofl'ered at shows to be held by the Royal Aquarium Co. during this year. The dates are March 12 and 13, April 29 and 30, May 21 and 22, June 27 and 28, duly 29 and 30, September 10 and 11, October 15, L6, and 17. There are, in addi- tion, the already announced exhibition of the National Chrysanthemum Society. Mr. W. Holmes, Frampton l'ark Nurseries, Hackney, is managing the series. Latent Life in Ferns. — M. Bureau, in the last number of the CowvpU s Sendus, cites an instance of revivisivin lining to life again) in a Fern, I'olypodium incanum. This is not a case simply of absorption of water to such an extent as to restore the form shrivelled by drought, as in the so-called Rose of Jericho, but an actual awakening from a dormant to an active state, such as happens when a seed germinates. The drying and shrivelling of the frond in these cases does not necessarily imply death, for, if vitality be only arrested and not destroyed, the fronds literally come to life again when placed under favourable conditions. The other plants thus known literally to revive, excepting those in which the change of form is due to mere turgescence, are Selaginella lepidophylla, Ceterach officinarum, Asple- nium Kutamuraria, Polypodium vulga.'e, Cheilanthes odora, Asplenium lanceolatum, Adiantum capillus- veneris. The late Mr. Daniel IIanhury exposed some of these plants to a temperature of 06° C. = 150° F. without injury. No flowering plant has been known to revive in this remarkable manner. The Good-Luck Lily.— The introduction of this bulb from China has been a distinct boon to amateurs. Its extremely rapid growth is watched with great interest; the foliage alone is vigorous and handsome, and the flowers by no means un- attractive. We are so much accustomed to think of Narcissus Tazetta as a South European plant, that its appearance in China has suggested that it was taken to that country, perhaps, by the Portuguese. But the fact that the legends have grown up around the plant, and that it has native Japanese names, go to show that it cannot be of recent introduction ; indeed, Savatier, in Franchet et Savatier's work 266 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1800. on the Flora of Japan, distinctly states that it is assuredly wild in Japan. Mr. Baker, moreover, has kindly called our attention to a figure in the Japanese work entitled Mokou Zousssts. From Japan it might readily pass into China. Dr. Kegel, moreover, says a form of N. Tazetta is found wild in Turkestan, so that the distribution of the plant is much wider than is generally known. Proposed Wildsmith Memorial.— We learn that the Heading Gardeners' Association, of which body the late Mr. Wildsmith was a member, have appointed a special committee for the purpose of promoting the proposed memorial to Mr. Wildsmith. This it is desired to accomplish by placing a child on the Gardeners' Orphan Fund by the subscribers to the memorial. The memorial would thus be of a terminable nature, and the sum required will not exceed £130. W. J. Palmer, Esq., the Presi- dent of the Gardeners' Association, has consented to act as chairman ; Arthur J. Sutton, Esq., to be the Reading treasurer ; and H. J. Veitch, Esq., the London treasurer; and Mr. Tdrton, of Maiden Erleigh Gardens, is the secretary. It is earnestly hoped that there will be a ready response to this appeal by all the gardening friends and admirers of the late Mr. Wildsmith throughout the United Kingdom ; and the committee have ventured to suggest that as Mr. Wildsmith had promised his friend Mrs. Hyde that he would aid to the utmost in placing a second child of hers on the Fund (one having been already placed thereon through his instrumentality), they cannot do better than endeavour to carry out his wishes, and they trust that a promise made under such touching circum- stances will commend itself as the most fitting form of memorial that can be adopted. Chiswick Horticultural Society. — The annual summer show has been fixed to take place in the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens on Thursday, July 10 next. "What to Eat, and How to Cook It, " is the title of a useful little pamphlet published annually in connection with the "Apple-Tree" Vegetarian Restaurants. The copy before us contains many most appetising receipts, while some of the substi- tutes for the forbidden suet or dripping are very ingenious. We are told that, instead of the former, vegetarians can sop bread-crumbs in butter or oil, or add a "little crushed and soaked Tapioca to the paste used for boiled puddings." Is it prejudice alone which makes us disinclined to change our own tried receipt for a Christmas pudding for one, in which, although the ingredients altogether weigh rather less than 6 lb., is yet to contain 1 lb. of mashed Potatos, or 8 oz. of mashed Carrots ? How do vegetarians reconcile the eating of eggs with their resolution to destroy no animal life for food? In spite of all we have said, we can only repeat at the end of this notice the words we said at the beginning — many of the recipes are excellent, and likely to be useful to many besides those for whom they are more especially intended. National Chrysanthemum Society : Cen- tenary FESTIVAL.— His Grace, the Duke of West- minster, has sent a donation of £5 to the Special Prize Fund, and given permission for his name to be announced as a patron of the same. The publica- tion of this fact, and of the circumstance that the committee would place at the disposal of every society affiliated to it a special centenary medal, free of cost, is having the effect of inducing horticultural so- cieties to become allied to the National. Since the last meeting of the Committee, applications to affiliate have been received from the Bacup, Bat- ley, Market Harborough, and Hartlepool societies. New Garden for H.H. the Gaekwar of Baroda. — We take from the Times of India the following particulars of the work in course of execution under the superintendence of Mr. Goldrixq : — A new palace is in course of construc- tion, and it is the Gaekwar's wish to provide this jewel of architecture with a proper setting, and to this end he has secured the aid of Mr. Goldring, of the Royal Horticultural Society of England, who is now hard at work turning the formerly jungly grounds into what is to be the finest garden in India. There are at the Moti Bagh many groups of fine trees, and Mr. Goldring has been careful to protect every one of these from harm. The approaches to the house are being cleared of all excrescences, such as servants' quarters, and the hundred-and-one offices and shanties which grow up like Mushrooms round Indian houses. The levels are being mostly sloped away from the palace, so as to throw it up and give it greater height. Too straight lines are broken up into undulations, and where trees are wanted they are introduced, full-grown forest trees being boldly transplanted and brought here from a distance. Outside, Mr. Goldring has thrown up a great bank at one end of the garden, which blocks out a public road, and in another part he is planting out an ugly mass of stable building, which can go nowhere else, but which must be hidden. Nothing seems impos- sible to Mr. Goldring. Everything comes in useful. A jutting rock becomes the centre point for a cool grotto, where trickling streams drip jover Fern covered walls, and find their way through one rocky chamber after another cut into the sunshine. Give him a dry nullah, and, by the end of a week, you will find it changed into a river, whose rocky banks are covered with creepers and waving grasses ; and if, attracted by the noise of a waterfall, you go up the stream, you will find the water tumbling over great piled-up boulders, where a few days before there was nothing but a crumbling earthbank. By the end of a few more seasons, Makarpura will be hardy recog- nisable. The gardens are already so far planned out that one can see their scope. In a very short time the Bagh will look like an English park, and where now there is nothing but bare maidan, there will be fair gardens and fountains, ornamental waters bordered with Palms and Bamboos, lawn and shrubberies. One garden is to be so terraced and sunk, that her Highness the Maharani will be able to walk and rest there unseen by the outer passing world. ORCHIDS.— The eighth and ninth parts of Orchids, their Culture and Management, by Mr. Watson of Kew, assisted by Mr. Bean, have been published. The arrangement is alphabetical, and the work has now advanced as far as Promen.-ua, and is in course of translation into Russian. Under Pleione,we observe that Mr. Watson who rather prides himself on his empiricism in matters of cultivation, begins by telling his readers that the species have fleshy pseudobulbs, of annual duration and deciduous leaves, that they are natives of the mountains of India, and may be termed distinctly alpine, some of them growing where snow and frost sometimes occur. They are found in great abundance clothing the trunks of trees, and clinging to moist rocks in positions ex- posed to full sunlight. Surely, here, Mr. Watson has supplied most valuable hints for the cultivator, derived, not from empirical experience, but from the structure and habit of the plants themselves and the conditions under which they grow. The consequence of a disregard of these plain teachings is, as Mr. Watson, says that " many growers fail with them, through giving them tropical treatment and exces- sive coddling.'' Growers in possession of the know- ledge that Mr. Watson indicates above, must be very empirical indeed, if they adopt such practices, the only excuse for which would be sheer ignorance. Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists (continued from p. 203) :— " Mathews, Andrew (d. 1841) : d. Chachapoyas, Peru, 24th Nov., 1841. A.L.S., 1825. Gardener at Chiswick. Collector in Peru and Chili, 1833—1841 : drew many of the plants he collected, Proc, Linn. Soc, i., 173 ; Lasegue, 255 ; R S. C. iv., 282 ; Comp. Bot. Mag., i., 17, 305 ; Journ. Bot., 1834, 176 ; 1842, 392. Mathewsia Hook. & Arn. " Maton, William George (1774—1835) : b. Salis- bury, 31st Jan., 1774; d. Spring Gardens, London, 30th March, 1835; bur. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. B.A., Oxon, 1704. M.A., 1797. M.D., 1801. F.R.C.P., 1802. F.L.S., 1794. F.R.S. " Uses of Pinus,' in Lambert's ' Pinus,' pp. 05 — 82. ' Natural Hist. ... of Western Counties,' 1797. ' Animals and Plants Round .... Salisbury,' in Hoare's ■ South Wiltshire,' p. 654. ' Nat. Hist. Wilts ' (posth.), 1843. Jacks., 259 ; R. S. C, iv., 285 ; Biog. Sketch, by Dr. Paris, 1838; Smith Lett. ii„ 121 ; Munk, iii., 6; Nich. Illust. viii., p. xlv. ; Gent. Mag., 1837, i., 173. Monument, Salisbury Cathedral. Bust at Linn. Soc. Portr. at Kew and at Royal Coll. Phy- sicians. Matonia Br. "Matthew, Patrick (fl. 1831). Of Errol, Scot- land. 'Naval Timber and Arboriculture,' 1831. Jacks. 207 ; R. S. C. iv. 294. " Maund, Benjamin (1790— 1S63) : b. 1790; d. Sandown, I. of Wight, 21st April, 1863. F.L.S., 1S27. Druggist and bookseller at Bromsgrove, Warwicksh. Contributed to Phytol. i., 45. 'The Botanist ' [with J. S. Henslow], 1837. Proc. Linn. Soc, 1863—64, xxx.; Piitz. 210; Jacks. 570 ; ' Botanic Garden,' 1825 (original drawings in But. Dept., Brit. Mus.). " [Mawe, Thomas. Gardener to Duke of Leeds. ' Universal Gardener and Botanist,' published in his name, but written by John Abercrombie, 1778. Johns. Gard. Diet. 220, 222.] " Maxwell, G. (1805?— 1880) : b. 1805 ? ; d. King George's Sound, 1880. Collector of plants and in- sects in Australia for thirty years ; Gard. Chron. 1880, i. 433. Fl. Austral, i. 14. Eriostemon Maxwelli F. v. M. " Mken, Maroahi-.t (fl. 1700). Botanical artist. ' Exotic plants from Royal Gardens at Kew,' 1700. " Meller, Charles Ja'mes (1836?— 1S60) : b. 1836 ; d. Berrima, Sydney, 26th Feb. 1869. M.K.C.S., 1857. F.L.S., 1867. Travelled in Africa with Livingstone, and in Madagascar. Superintendent, Bot. Gardens, Mauritius. Plants at Kew. Journ. Bot. 1860, 212 ; R. S. C. iv. 330 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1869—70, cii. Mellera S. Moore. Flora of Paraguay.— M. Marc Micheli has published in the memoirs of the " Societe de Phy- sique et d'Histoire Naturelle," of Geneva, a further account of the Leguminosa; collected by Balansa in Paraguay, and Dr. Chodat a similar account of the Polygalaceje. Both memoirs are accompanied with lithographic illustrations. Camellias at Messrs. C Lee and Sons' NURSERIES. — There are few nurseries now in which a collection of these beautiful hardy, or nearly hardy, evergreen shrubs is grown. They are evi- dently not a fashionable flower ! and yet with proper attention as to management, a regular succession of flowers may be obtained from October until July. Perhaps bud-dropping may be taken into the reckon- ing to account for this comparative neglect of such a useful decorative subject, the remedies for which evil have been so well placed before readers in these columns recently. At the Isleworth nurseries most of the best of the older varieties, and also the newest, are grown. Amongst the former may be mentioned Mathotiana alba, large flowers, finely imbricated to the centre. Auother good, pure white is Lavinia Maggl, a flower of fine form and substance. Leeana superba, flowers salmon red, very fine. Valtevaredo, a bright rose-coloured flower, of fine form ; a flower of excellent form is Wilderi, colour soft rose; Reine des Fleurs, colour vermilion-red, striped with white ; imbricata, deep carmine, some- times variegated ; fimbriata alba, a variety much in request, and somewhat resembling alba pleno ; Reti- culata flore-pleno, fine large double flowers, bright rose; Princess Clotilde, a beautifully striped flower. Of new ones, mention may be made of Napoleon III. a beautiful variety ; flowers rose.vei ned with deep rose, and edged with pure white, a flower of good substance, Mahch 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 267 Foreign Correspondence. Ci'PRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM AND ITS WARTS. I have not understood the notice which appeared in your number for February 15, under heading " Cvpripediums from Liverpool," at p. 198. The writer Bays : — " The bearing warts on the upper side only of the petals of C. callosum make a feature which distinguishes it from C. barbatum." My ex- perience is the exact reverse. I have a very fine form of C. callosum, which attracted the universal admiration of the connoisseurs at the last meeting of the Royal Tuscan Horticultural Society, and which has the large black warts scattered over the whole surface of the sepals, which gives it a very striking appearance. An inferior plant was exhibited at the same time, in which the warts were confined to the upper edge of the sepal. I have, on the other hand, remarkably fine varieties of C. barbatum— so fine that they have been bought and taken to England by leading orchidists for the purpose of hybridisation. In these the warts are only on the upper side of the petals, and never on the lower. To me the two plants C. callosum and C. barbatum are so entirely different, that I should have thought no especial feature was necessary to distinguish them from one another at a glance; at all events mine are utterly dilT.-rent. W. J. Si S3, Potff/io Qherardo, li'!, Via Settignanete, Fireme. Beblis. At the last meeting of the Horticultural Society, Mr. Chone exhibited a dozen of Amaryllis and also of Freesia refracta alba. The Amaryllis were of a remarkable culture. Flowers, as many as five upon one scape, very large, of fine colour. Most of the bulbs two-BCaped. Leaves very healthy and strong. As to the cultivation, the exhibitor remarked that the bulbs are cultivated in pots and kept dry until the flower-scape appears, and has reached a length of about - inches in a hothouse, where the Lilies of the Valley (Convallaria raajulis) are placed. Here the leaves, as well as the flowers, are wry well deve- loped. It is curious to see how low the price is for really first-class flowers, viz., 50 pfennige a flower sixpence !). Another curious fact is, that it is very difficult for Berlin gardeners to bring novelties into the market. As an illustration, take the Freesia. A nurseryman last year cultivated some thousands of them, but as he could not find buyers for them, be gave up the cultivation. The exhibitor in the horticultural society said the same thing. He could not advise the cultivation of the plant, though it gives no trouble, and the single flowers, as well as the whole inflorescences, might be used with much effect in arrangements. Of great interest was the debate on the question, How may peat moss litter be used in gardening? The price of straw is so high here that many stable- keepers make use of turf, or better, peat, instead of straw. It is much cheaper, and gives some other advantages, as the horses remain always clean, the stable odour vanishes, &c. This peat-moss can- not be used for hot-beds, as it gives a very high warmth, which is soon dissipated ; but it is most useful as manure, as it soon condenses the ammonia. Both in pot culture, where it is mixed with the same quantity of earth, as well as in the open air, it is of the highest value. It was espe- cially recommended for Asparagus culture — one year peat, the next kainit. It was also recommended for heavy soils, as it makes them looser. For sandy soils, opinions differed. Sume of the members said that it dries the soil ; others said the contrary. It was also remarked that from the peat the sandy soil receives organic substances. Another question discussed was the question, How the Asparagus beetle may be expelled from the Asparagus plantations ? These plantations, which occupy a large area in the neighbourhood of Berlin, suffer very much from that insect. The best remedies are, to put Willow twigs smeared with a viscous fatty material upon the beds, about 0 feet apart, in April and May, when the insect flies, and to cut every shoot of Asparagus during that time which appears ; secondly, to burn all the Asparagus plants in autumn. The flying insects are caught by the viscous Willows in enormous quantities, so that it is often necessary to replace them. The remaining insects find no plant upon which they can lay their eggs. Our Berlin Correspondent. NURSERY NOTES. MESSRS. F. SANDER & CO., ST. ALBANS. The early part of the month of February is not the best time of year for seeing flowering Orchids, though in large collections objects of interest may be found even at that dullest season. Accordingly, the other morning found me en route for the now- famous St. Albans nurseries, where may be seen the largest collection in existence of these plants. In looking through the different houses one can hardly help wondering where the plants all go to. But they do go, and this alone affords some idea of the extent and importance of the industry of Orchid importing and growing. The plants, for the most part, are in robust health, with fine plump pseudo- bulbs, and dark green leaves, which tell their own tale ; and there can be little doubt that the clear air and absence of fog are valuable aids to the high cultivation carried on there. It was a somewhat novel sight to see Odontoglossums planted out in beds and thriving under the treatment— pseudo- bulbs and foliage leaving nothing to be desired. .Many plants were in flower of the charming little ( ). navium, 0. gloriosum, O. Sauderianum, and various forms of O. sceptrum, or some very closely allied species. (I. Harryanum was also observed, and a very pretty little natural hybrid whicli seemed to be intermediate between O. Sanderianum and 0. odoratum, or some close ally, but whicli did not appear to have any special name. Plants of many other well-known kinds were also out, and there was ample evidence that in a few weeks' time there will be a magnificent display of bloom. Cattleya amethystoglossa is a valuable winter flowerer, and there were many plants of the species in fine condition, and bore large trusses of flowers, the light rosy-spotted segments of which formed a charming contrast to the bright amethyst-coloured lip. Oncidium splendidum was observed in quantity and in line condition. Close by was one of the finest Lycuste Barringtonuc grandiflora or L. costata that I ever remember to have seen. The plant had thrown up a dense mass of ivory-white flowers of large size, the lip beautifully fimbriated. Several plants of the pleasing L. Skinneri alba were also in flower. Many large specimens of Coelogyne cris- tata and of the beautiful variety Lemoniana were com- plete masses of bloom, while equally floriferous was a somewhat intermediate variety with very straggling growth — or, perhaps, it would be better described as a form with much elongated rhizomes and distant pseudobulbs, for the term straggling, as generally understood, could not well be applied to the plant. In size and colour it partakes much of the character of the variety Lemoniana, but at the base of the lip is a deep yellow spot, just as in the typical form. It appears to be a constant and well-marked variety, for there were several large plants, and each had precisely the same character. In one of the houses was a healthy batch of plants of the pretty little Phaius Humblotii, just throwing up their flower- spikes. It is often reported to be a somewhat mifly grower, although there was little evidence of this in the plants observed. Several hybrid Cypripediums were in flower, of which C. X Godseffianum and one named C. x Harrisianum picturatum were worthy of note. The former is a very handsome little plant, whose descent from C. hirsutissimum and Boxallii could not be more plainly written on its face ; while the latter is a highly curious variety, in which the markings are arranged in longitudinal streaks and splashes. It did not strike me as being much of an improvement, although it might possibly lead to something finer if it were taken in hand. Several fine plants of Dendrobium Wardianum were flowering most profusely, and among numerous plants of the welcome D. nobile was a very fine form of the singular variety D. n. Cooksonianum, in which the two petals are more or less metamorphosed into lips. The above are some of the notes taken during a somewhat hurried visit, but the place is one to be seen rather than written about, so extensive is it. The seedling Orchids are a very interesting department of this nursery, and amongst them are many crosses of great promise, which will probably be heard of in the near future ; but this department, however, interesting as it is, must be left over for a future visit. A". Primulas at Woodside. Mr. James, whose name once more appears on the list of the Floral Committee of the Royal Horticul- tural Society, has not been a prominent exhibitor at the meetings of late, but away in the elevated corner of Bucks on Farnliam Royal Common, and near the famous Burnham Beeches, he has erected some 500 feet of capital 12-feet span roof-houses, and there, in a delightful atmosphere, pure and sweet, he cultivates his favourite old florists' flowers- Pi imulas, Cinerarias, Cyclamuis, and Calceolarias, to a large extent. Primulas, to the extent of some 1200 fine plants, are in bloom now; Cinerarias, to the number of '^700, will make a beautiful show some two months hence; and Calceolarias, looking this year wonderfully will, a month later. Cyclamens will be in full bloom a month hence, as these are not pushed on early. Of Chinese Primroses, the whites the Farnliam is very fine indeed. There are three specially striking kinds : White Perfection, one of the Swanley strain, on dark fern foliage ; Purity, a beautiful white on semi- coloured leafage; and Siiowllake, one of the latest certificated at South Kensington, on light green foliage; all these have flowers of the purest white. The old market white, still largely grown, is very floriferous, but lacks size and purity, as compared with the blooms found in later strains. As evidence of the progress being made in development of size in bloom, was a seedling in dark fern leafage, the flowers pure white in colour, which, whilst very stout, were of great size — indeed, finer I have never seen. The plant will probably de- velop a progeny of giants, and it has been named Woodside Giant; while. very pretty indeed at Woodside is the Blue Primula. Seen in the bright sunlight, it has the hue of the Plumbago capeusis, and shows that we are much nearer to blue in the Primula than is usually admitted to be the case ; we always need bright, light to show the full beauty of some colours in flowers, and blues especially suffer in dull light. A batch of seedlings from one cross shows several shades of rose, and carmine on light and dark foliage, both of thick form and Fern-leaved ; when the fertilisation is re- stricted to sort, the product is almost always very true to character ; crosses, however, produce new forms, and exceedingly interesting is it to watch these opening. Carmines of the old style, fade or turn both in damp air and in bright sunshine, but newer carmines not only show more body of colour, but retain their colours without blemish to the last. That is specially the case with Woodside Rose, a rich carmine form ; Ruby King, a deep magenta-hued form of flower borne in clusters on small foliage, seems almost to belong to a diverse family from that of the ordinary Chinese Primrose, and yet it is very beautiful. Very rich are the blood-red selections from the Chiswick red strain. These seem to need only enlarged size to render them perfect, more brilliant self colours it seems impossible to obtain. Specially deep coloured is the Double Crimson, really a semi-double form, wonderfully free and striking, and beautiful is its pure white semi-double compeer. Both these give first-class flowers for bouquet making in the winter, and comes perfectly true from aeed. A very fine white-edged variety of the singlei 268 THE GA I? D E NE H S ' CUR 0 NI CL E. [March 1, 1890. is Mary James, the ground colour being of a reddish lilac. Primulas at Woodside grow very robust and compact habited, the product of plenty of light and air. The Cinerarias later will make a very fine show. More than three-fourths are seedlings, but still coming true to character from seed, ample evi- dence that in seed production the greatest care is exercised to secure trueness to colour. A. D, THE GIANT SNOWDROPS. One of the minor miseries of my life is having to live in a garden containing thirty distinct kinds of Snowdrops, and not being able to boast of possessing Galanthus Fosteri, the " giante9t," and, so far, the most to be desired of them all. Still, I live in hopes, since we are told that " all things come to those who know how to wait." Herewith I send specimens, flowers and leaf, of the following kinds :— The Shaylock variety of G. Nivalis, with two green leaves on the flower-stalk (fig. 43), G. Elwesi, b, in fig. 41, the real original stock from Smyrna, and one of the Snowdrops to grow and admire. Its slight constitutional delicacy is its only drawback, but as seen at its best, it is a big and noble thing. G. Imperati (fig. 42, p. 269), from Straffan, co. Kildare, is another noble variety, and the tradition is that roots of it were originally brought to Ireland by Lord Clarina on his return from the Crimea in 1856. It would be interesting to hear the breadth of distribu- tion as enjoyed by G. Imperati, as it seems most gene- rally imported from Naples, although under the name of G. umbricus, a form of G. Imperati has recently come to us from the Umbrian Mountains in Central Italy. One of the handsomest of all our Snowdrops is G. plicatus elegaus, a seedling raised at Shepton Mallett, and presented to us by Mr. Jas. Allen, who is the best English authority on these delightful flowers of the autumn and the spring. I mention the autumnal kinds, as they are less well known. They are :— G. octobriensis, G. Olgic, G. Rachels, G. Els;c, and one or two others, all of which bloom from October to December. But to return to G. plicatus elegans, it is a real beauty, and very distinct from the typical Crimean Snowdrop, in its deep green markings extending to the full length of its inner perianth divisions. One of the rarest of all the spring Snowdrops is G. lutescens, but it is good news to hear that Mr. Boyd, another lover of these flowers, has found a finer yellow kind, which has a better " constitu- tion," and is to be called G. flavescens, I believe. Then another friend writes that he is on the track of a pink or rose-flushed form of G. nivalis, and I hope some day to see its bloom, for a rosy Snowdrop will be a novelty, even if not more beautiful than the white type. It will be an analogue of the rosy Lily of the Valley. In conclusion, I hope all the readers of these few notes who have distinct Snow- drops in their collections, whether native variations or garden seedlings, will be so good as to tell us of them, since there are now a good many of us deeply and seriously interested in these pearls of the open- ing year. F, W, Burbidge. THE GREAT FERN-HOUSE IN THE BOTANIC GARDEN AT BRUSSELS. This great building is composed of two sections in the shape of a T, the two portions having been built at different times. The part first built is more than 85 feet long, by 44 feet wide, and 31 feet in height ; the other portion measures nearly 79 feet long, 33 feet wide, 43 feet high, the entire surface being more than 60(10 square feet. This glass palace 19 warmed by two tubular boilers, one of which is only to be used in case of any acci- dent happening to the first. Six stout pipes (about bh inches) are carried round the building to the place where a fourfold battery of pipes is arranged where the two sections of the house meet. More than this, to avoid the inconvenience caused by too great condensation, a double row of pipes has been placed in the upper part of the house about 30 feet from the ground. The number of pipes is more than suffi- cient ; it is never necessary to overheat, and over- dryness of the atmosphere is thus avoided. The shading of the Fern-house is a most im- portant point. It is managed by an arrangement of movable wooden blinds, Ventilation is also espe- Cyathea medullaris, from New Zealand, is cer- tainly one of the handsomest of Tree Ferns known. The Botauic Garden possesses several specimens, measuring from nearly 30 to 33 feet in height. Until it has attained a certain age, this species only puts forth one frond at a time ; but when it is fully grown, the fronds are arranged in crowns. The effect produced is exceedingly imposing, and the Fig. 41. — A, galanthus plicatus; B, o. elwesii. cially studied ; even in winter the air can be renewed through apertures made in the walls behind the pipes ; this air is warmed by contact with them, before it reaches the plants. Combined with the dampness produced by constant waterings, the atmo- sphere is such that the health and growth of the plants are good. Although the Ferns from Brazil contributed chiefly by M. Binot, form the nucleus of this splendid collection, it contains also many others, some from Mexico, and some from Australia, We will specify a few. blackness of the leaf-stalks is most handsome against the green background of fronds. Specially noteworthy is Cyathea princeps from Mexico, several specimens of which measure about 30 feet in height ; also Cyathea Schanschin (sic), a rarer species about 12 feet high ; the trunk of this latter still bears very visible traces of the scars made occasionally by the fall of the fronds, the arrange- ment of which reminds one of the marks on the skin of a boa-constrictor. These gigantic Ferns standing up near the en- trance of the house, a.nd forming a canopy of verdure, Mabch 1, 1890.] THE GAUD EX Kits' GHMON1GLE. 269 make a great impression on the visitor, which is in- creased by the sight of the majestic Palms. A fine specimen of Anthurium ellipticuro. notice- able on account of its good foliage, towers above an ornamental support of cork ; growing in a pot the roots were constricted, and have spread all about, perforating the cork on all sides, and looking like ropes ready to moor in the flotilla of gigantic leaves, perforated ; and the adventitious roots, which spring from the branches, are matted and twisted about in all directions. Near this group is an Alsophila hirta. The base of the rachis of this Fern is very spiny, and the fronds are of more than usual size. One of the most remarkable plants in this rich collection is the Cibotium regale, from Mexico, introduced in 180;!, FlO. 12. — A, OALANTHCs IMRERATI ; li, some of which measure more than 1 feet. Looking round, it is at once seen that these roots, which support the plant bo well must seek nourishment, which appears to consist chiefly of manured sphag- num moss. A very effective group is composed of a sturdy specimen of Monstera deliciosa, bearing flowers and fruit. It is known that when fertilised, the spadix of Monstera gives out heat ; the fruits have the scent of Melon or Pine, and are edible. The clump measures nearly 15 feet in diameter at the base, and is nearly 17 feet high. It is quite a labyrinth of leaves of diverse shapes, much cut and sTVALIS; C, O. LATIFOLIUS, (SEE P, by Ghiesbreght. The down which covers the base of the rachis is reddish-gold ; in the sunlight it shines brightly, and gives the Fern a charming and distinguished appearance. This down is used in surgery to stop bleeding from wounds. A neighbouring species, Cibotium Schiedei, has a small trunk, but is one of the most graceful, light, and elegant of species. A superb variety is Alsophila elegans. The mag- nificent crown of fronds, with more or less dentate and undulate pinnules of a shining green colour, forms an immense parasol. The trunk is well pro- portioned, equally graduated, and forms an elegant support to the splendid crown which surmounts it. Alsophila elegans is a rare species, of which there are very few specimens in cultivation. On the right hand side of the house is a rockery, which also contains many varieties, an Areca sapida rising from a clump of striped and spotted-leaved Begonias is very effective. Close by, over an arrange- ment of virgin cork, climbs a Margravia with small foliage, the adult leaves are green, and the young leaves red ; it is similar in habit to Fiona repens and to macrophylla. The base of this is ornamented with Ferns, Begonias, Lycopods, and even Orchids. We noticed one Begonia, named after the Director of the Botanic Garden, M. Fr. Crepin. A collection, unique on account of the number and size of the specimens, is that of the Angiopteris and Marattia, which form an imposing group. Specially noticeable is a Marattia Moorei, with black petioles, and much cut leaves ; in general effect the plant is most distinctive. The Marattia sorbifolia is one of the largest known species ; another very fine species is Marattia Vers- chaffelti. The most remarkable Angiopteris in this collection are pruinosa, hypoleuca, erecta, macro- phylla, Willincki, and the finest of all, A. Teys- manniana, with twenty to twenty-five leaves, covering a surface more than 300 feet square. Microlepia platyphylla, with glaucous leaves, about 6 to 9 feet long, is a remarkable species, which attracts much attention. The very rare Dicksonia chrysotricha, from -lava, of which perhaps there are only three specimens in the country, is represented by a fine example of medium size, and with abundant leaves. Although reminding us at first sight of I), squarrosa, it differs from that species by the very dense reddish-brown down, and by the larger and less rigid fronds. I'assing to the recently constructed portion, we admire an Alsophila armata, which has a double very slender trunk nearly 4(1 feet high, supporting immense crowns. What a contrast to the Dicksonia antarctica of New Zealand, and D. Sellowiana of Brazil, the trunks of which form massive and thick columns. We also notice Cyathea Gardneri, a native of ISrazil ; C. dealbata, from New Zealand, with silvery fronds ; the rare C. Sternbergiana, the leaf- stems of which are more than 22 feet high ; Cyathea princeps and medullars, Balantiums, and par- ticularly an Hemitelia setosa, the base of whose leaves is ornamental, with filaments resembling somewhat certain llvmenophyllum. Among other plants which contribute to the orna- mentation of this glasshouse, I must notice Kentia Forsteriana and K . Belmoreana of large size ; Livistona australis, and many tall Aroids. The Bamboos are of great size, and have grown up since 1880 to the top of the house ; the development of the young shoots of these Gramineie has been so rapid that it could almost be seen with the naked eye. Pandanus furcatus and Philodendron macrojihyllum form, with Anthurium cucullatum.Musa, and Ileliconia, a worthy finish to this collection, which is one of the greatest features of the Botanic Garden of Brussels. In addition to the Tree Ferns, there is a fine collection of herbaceous species arranged along the rock-work borders of the house. We have mentioned that a damp atmosphere is indispensable in Fern-houses ; but it is remarkable that many species of Ferns do not bear syringing, which injures the foliage, which becomes covered with spots, spoiling the fronds, and ultimately destroying them. In any case it is advisable, especially during the growing season, to moisten the trunks from time to time, especially those forming radical fibres. Thanks to these pre- cautions, and to the care bestowed upon them, it is not rare in the Botanic Garden to see Fern fronds which have lasted two or even three years. We must close this note by expressing our thanks to the capable and talented Curator, M. L. Lubbers, to whom the plants under his care owe their healthy and well-arranged appearance. Notes on Belgian Horticulture. When Araucaria excelsa is propagated in a green- 270 THE GA RDEXER S' C HBO XI CL E. [Mahch 1, 1890. house, all know that thrips cause great havoc among the young plants, and that it is difficult, when one of these is attacked, to save those which are near it. In order to prevent the spread of the mischief which these insects do, and at the same time to ensure the cuttings striking, one of the principal nurserymen of Ghent places the cuttings under a bell-glass, so that each one is completely isolated. If thrips attack subjects found under a bell-glass with others, the evil can be localised. We have seen a house con- taining many thousands of bell-glasses sheltering cuttings which had struck. When the cuttings are taken into a house, it is necessary to admit air fre- quently, so as to avoid the ravages of thrips which develop rapidly in a close atmosphere. The use of hand-glasses prevents this inconvenience and saves much tiouble. In the same establishment we saw thousands of seeds of Araucaria excelsa and Areca sapida ger- minating very satisfactorily. This is perhaps the first time that seedlings of this species have been so successfully raised on the Continent. I must draw the attention of those interested in the subject to the vast and remarkable glasshouses recently constructed at Ledeberg, near Ghent, and devoted to the culture of Araucaria excelsa. In the same establishment there is now being built a shelter for the Araucarias in summer. This is formed by iron arches, the bases of which are about 15 feet apart, fixed on stones sunk in the earth. These arches are sustained on each side, and a third of the way up from the ground by oblique bars of iron, the bases of which define the limits of the centre path. All the arches are tied one to another at the upper part by long iron rods. This light and elegant building will be covered with little wooden lath blinds made of deal, and very cheap. This shelter will be about 500 feet long. Next season, when it is filled with Araucarias, it will be quite one of the horticultural curiosities of Ghent. An important question to be considered by nur- serymen who have to combat against the ravages of insects, is that of fumigating with tobacco-smoke. Many systems have been devised and recommended ; all are inconvenient when the fumigator has to be lighted in the greenhouse. When this is done, usually the plants placed in the immediate vicinity of therecipient of the smoke suffer much. MM. Pe Smet Freres remedy this inconvenience by placing the fumigating apparatus outside, and introducing the smoke through the lights by means of a pipe passing through an opening made in a square of zinc, which is inserted instead of one of the squares of glass. The opening usually remains closed. This is simple and practical, and overcomes a serious difficulty. On the occasion of the Paris Exhibition, his Majesty King Leopold promoted one of our leading nurserymen, M. Alex. Dalliere, to the rank of an officer of his Order. On the same occasion the French Government nominated the famous Orchid grower, M. A. A. Peeters, of Brussels, a Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Patriotism, so rooted in the Belgian people, has shown itself lately among our nurserymen inadifferent way from that in which it is usually displayed by the horticultural societies. In addition to the " Chambre Syndicale des Horticulteurs Beiges," which played a prominent part in the important question of the Phylloxera Convention of Berne, we have had for some time in the capital, the " Chambre du Com- merce Ilorticole Bruxellois." Some little time ago the nurserymen and gardeners of Antwerp held a meeting for the protection of their local interests. The number of nurserymen has considerably increased lately in the commercial metropolis of Belgium. M. Ch. van Geert, jun., was elected, by unanimous consent, President of the Antwerp Syndical Chamber. Our horticultural literature has been enriched by a valuable little work, Les Orchidees, leur structure, teur histoire, ct leur culture, by Lewis Castle. The translation into French has been done by M. O. de Meuleneere, Secretary to the Belgian " Orchidophiles." There is no doubt but that these useful pages will have with us as much success as attended their appearance in England. The oldest iron house on the Continent— it has been built more than half a century — was constructed for M. Jean van Geert, and has for some time past been in great disrepair. At last it has been taken down. It was in the establishment of the son-in-law of the founder of the nursery in the outskirts of Brussels, at Ghent, M. Ed. Pynaert van Geert, who has replaced it by a magnificent glass- house of great size. Yet one more historical relic gone. M. A. Gravis, Professor of Botany at the Uni- versity of Liege, has just published in the Annals of the Belgian Microscopical Society, an interesting work on the anatomy and physiology of the conducting tissues in vascular plants. This paper forms a pamphlet of thirty pages, and has two lithographic plates. It is well worth the attention of botanists. Ch. D. B. Home Correspondence. THE HALL FOR HORTICULTURE.— That this can be anything but a trading concern in a sense is im- possible, if it is to be expected to pay working expenses, and refund the guarantors. Surely, there will be basements that can be let for storing and warehousing; offices where merchants and traders in horticultural things may have rooms ; a restau- rant, under the control— if not a license held, by the directors ; permanent chambers for the various horticultural clubs, meetings, &c. ; a central office always open, and under the joint control of the directors and the Royal Horticul- tural Society— a kind of Horticultural Mark Lane, in fact, where country people and brokers may meet ; auction sales, such as Stevens' and Pro- theroe's be held ; and from whence, in short, British horticulture will be in touch with all the horticul- tural world. Baron Schroder touched the right key when he ridiculed the idea of the Royal Horticul- tural Society being kennelled much longer in the Prill Hall. Meetings and shows that would interest all the world should be so centrally held that all the world can get at them, without going into such remote out-of-the-way places. Whatan inducement to thecity man when he finds his business calls him into or near the Strand or Fleet Street, the proximity of the Hall for Horticulture and its fixed meetings, lec- tures, shows, auctions, and other organisations, would be ! And what a splendid chance there would be of establishing an Horticultural Institute with its evening classes and lectures open to and within reach of every young gardener or student, be he from North, South, East, or West! There are two facts to keep sight of in fixing on the best site for the Hall. If on or near the Embankment, there will be scope for the laying out of grounds and for the more extensive ramification of the structure. If nearer to Covent Garden— say north side of the Strand, or adjoining the Law Courts (if ground can be had)— the commercial element would be much more bene- fited. Depend on it, it is well worth while attracting the commercial section of horticulture. It is strictly a commercial question, the supporting and promoting of the Hall for Horticulture. Not a merchant or trader in business but will look at it in that aspect. How will it benefit business? How will it cause more money to be spent over hor- ticulture ? That is the plain way of putting it. Com- mercially speaking, such an establishment for the interests of horticulture ought to be an assured suc- cess. Baron Schroder is too sound a man of business to forget that it is "money makes the mare to go ; " and those gentlemen who are with the Baron— strictly men of business, will also make it their duty to feel their way commercially in the matter. Horticulture is a practical business, and if it can carry sentiment along with it, all the better for all parties interested, if. Beale. ARDISIA CRENULATA.— Grown and berried as plants of this are at Orwell Park, Suffolk, nothing could be more useful, especially for table decorations, these being all aglow with colour, and show np in most pleasing contrast with the white cloth and the accessories on it. The plants referred to are of heights ranging from 6 inches to li foot. On inquirirg of Mr. Wallis how he managed to have them so good, I was told that he raised them from seed — seeds being sown every year — and these are saved from the best fruited plants only, and doubt- less this practice of selection has helped to improve the strain; but if he will tell the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle more about them, and let the Editor see one of his plants, he will assist many who may have failed in growing and fruiting Ardisias. J. Sheppard. LAMINGTON AND ITS LATE LORD. — I do not think I was ever more impressed with an example of well-directed human intelligence overcoming the several disadvantages presented by climate and a barren and sterile soil, than in visiting Lamington, in Lanarkshire, a few years ago. The history of the creation of this place, for it may be called so, related by the late lamented peer, and the story of its gradual regeneration, may not be without iuterest to owners and others connected with the work of reclaiming uncultivated land and the improvement of estates. Upwards of half a century since the late lord, then Mr. Baillie Cochrane, on succeeding to the Lauarkshire property, made his way with some difficulty to the village of Lamington. The track- ways for roads, in the sense we understand them, hardly existed ; he found a rude lodge, tenanted by the keeper, on the spot now occupied by the house ; some scattered hovels formed the village; their occupants were a wild, half-savage community, whose curiosity was greatly excited as they gathered about the carriage, examining with wondering eyes the vehicle and its equipments, and marvelling as they passed their hands over its smooth panels, at its finished workmanship. The country around was a wide expanse of Heather-covered hill, unrelieved by trees ; its rugged, bare, and desolate aspect was enough to discourage any but one of a very hopeful nature. The work of improvement was commenced, and year by year it advanced, not with great or extra- vagant expenditure, but by a judicious investment of capital devoted to drainage, the erection of cottages, and additions to the residence ; and what seemed at first hopeless becane more and more possible under the force of resolution, and bent to the work ; with ad- ditions to the house, the garden boundary was ampli- fied, bright lawns replaced the dark lurid Heather; shrubs and flowers were introduced, and sheltering plantations of rine and Fir sprang up along the hill sides — but the village became the feature of the estate, once so forlorn and comfortless. Imme- diately adjoining the pleasure ground, it seemed a continuation of the house garden from its floral character ; it was in itself a garden, each cottage a picture of neatness and comfort, covered with gay creepers, and with abundant ground around it care- fully tended, and the ppople, well clad and healthy, looked removed by centuries from their rude fore- fathers of the proprietor's early experience. A village church and parsonage added to the ideal picture, and a chapel and manse gave all the people opportunities of worship according to conscience. If, as has been said, that the man who makes two blad?s of grass grow where only one grew before, is deserving well of his country, the man in whose power it lay, and whose benevolent energy was directed to an improvement that exemplified possibilities of a better state of things in a neglected district, who brightened the lives of hundreds, who brought whole- some literature to their doors, and gave examples of taste, and brought to their view the riches of horticulture, is surely deserving the respect and gratitude of posterity. W. I. TREES AND SHRUBS SUITABLE FOR PLANTING ON CHALKY SOILS. — The following list of trees and shrubs will be found suitable for planting on chalky soil : Berberis aquifolin, Buddlea globosa, Buxus in variety, Cerasus Laurocerasus caucasica, C. L. rotundifolia, Cornus in variety, Coronilla Emerus, Cotoneaster Simonsii, Crataegus in variety, Daphne pontica, Fagus sylvatica, F. purpurea, and all other varieties ; Hibiscus syriacus and Hypericums, Hollies, Leycesteria formosa. Privets, Philadelphus coronarius and other varieties ; Pinus austriaca, P. nobilis, Populus in variety, Prunus Pissardi, Pyrus aria, Ribes, Sambucus nigra, S. racemosa, S. varie- gata, Symphoricarpus racemosus, Taxus baccata, T. baccata aurea, and other varieties ; Viburnum opulus flore pleno, Vincas, and Veronica Traversii. The above mentioned varieties are planted here where the subsoil is pure chalk, and are all doing MABCH 1, 18W).] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. 271 ^ well. Before planting, the ground was thoroughly trenched, and at the time of planting some peat- moss manure was mixed in with the soil. The varieties which make the strongest growths are the Buddleas, Leycesterias, Ligustrums, Ribes, Sam- bucus, and Veronica Traversii ; small plants of the last named that were planted four years ago, now measure 4 feet through. R. Edwards, The Gardens, Beechy Lees, Otford, San EUCHARIS AMAZONICA — The plant figured in your issue for February 15 last, shows a plant in a high state of cultivation. I would make mention of another which is deserving of notice. It is to be found at Smeaton, Haddiogtonshire, Sir T. B. Hep- burn's residence. This plant has, however, only thirty-three spikes, but it is fully 5 feet in diameter. It flowered during October last, but not so well as at present. D. F. TRAINED SPECIMEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— The glorious " mum," that indispensable and justly popu- lar flower that enlivens the close of the year, seems to arouse rancorous feelings in the breasts of some — they tell us that we are driving too much at " big 'uns," that the show boards will have to be made larger, and disqualifications have taken place through using blooms — well, perhaps distinct without a differ- ence. Judges, who are, or have been, extensive exhibitors, and who are supposed to know ail about then in bloom. I took particular notice of them, as I thought they were much like P. cortusoides v. amcena, but I found flowers of the latter were of a deep rose, whilst those of the former are of an intense purple. When the plants are in bloom I will forward you a few of the flowers. C. H. Snook. PLANTING PERENNIALS.— I quite agree with " Mr. J. Paddock," see p. 759, vol. vi., that " borders " for perennials cannot in all cases be dispensed with, yet there are instances where these hardy perennials may be disposed to far greater advantage than now. And the one object I had in my note at p. 685 in dismissing the idea of the border altogether, was if possible to create a desire for change from the too frequent monotony of herbaceous borders, to the more effective grouping of them, and to bring them if possible within the limits of the flower garden proper. Why should not hardy perennials figure more con- spicuously in a series of bold beds on the lawn than they do ? Surely there is abundant material, decora- tive, free flowering, and valuable beyond doubt to admit of this being done ; or why cannot a piece of ground in a good position be set aside for these plants in those establishments where they are cared for, on an equal footing with the summer bedding arrange- ments or the rosery? I know of some few places where this style of gardening has been carried out with ex- cellent results, and it is always satisfying, and stran- gers who have never before seen its adoption invariably FlQ. 43, <,w v • n ■ NIVALIS, SHATLOcVa VAIllfll, WITH sr.\THK RBPEB8BNTBD nv rwo IFAVKS. («EK P, 268 I "mums," are getting railed at, and your correspon- dent, Mr. Jenkins, p. 69'J, vol. vi., objected to both grower and judges of trained specimens at the Kingston show. I had not the opportunity of seeing these plants, but I have seen good ones there, those which Messrs. King, Beckett, &c, turned out some few years ago. Specimen Chrysanthemums form an attractive feature to many shows, and I am pleased to think the Kingston judges were more liberally in- elined than Mr. Jenkins would seem to appreciate in awarding the first prize ; probably next season there will be greater competition, which the with- holding of prizes would not encourage. Magistrates are wont to tell dissatisfied litigants that they sit to administer the law as they find it, and not to make it. .fudges at flower shows adjudicate on what is placed before them, and do not attempt to define what the exhibits ought or ought not to be. A specimen " mum," well handled, with flowers erect, like soldiers at drill, is a plant to be admired. It is not much trouble to the grower of such varieties as " Fair Maid of Guernsey " and " Peter the Great to attain to that degree of excellence. If Mr. Jenkins can tell us how to make the blooms of heavy incurved varieties stand erect, and properly face the audience, without staking, he will oblige. A South-eastern, Flat Trainer. PRIMULA AMCENA.— I saw Mr. Wolley Dod's note Concerning this Primula, which I do not think is lost to English cultivators, for I believe my father has in hia possession some six or eight plants of it. It is about three years ago since [ saw them, and they were seemed surprised at the results. In this, however, as in all else, we must adapt ourselves and our tastes to surrounding circumstances. At the same time, I plead that hardy herbaceous perennialsare of sufficient importance in the majority to justify their use in the most select parts of the garden, instead of almost solely in the kitchen garden, as we are wont to see them. Borders must and will always exist of these plants undoubtedly, and I am pleased to see Mr. Paddock is so interested in these plants, also that his border is not one of those continuous straight ones, and the grouping carried out as described by your correspondent cannot fail to produce good results ; it is infinitely more satisfactory than dotting with single plants throughout. If your correspondent would give the position of the border, which is described as 30 yards long and 10 yards wide, also the trees which shade it, I may be able to give him a selection of plants to suit his purpose, as he says he is " at a loss how to arrange the rest of the border," which seems to offer facilities for some effective grouping, unless the roots of the overhanging trees prevent this. At any rate, I shall have pleasure in rendering what assistance is in my power. n Temperature and Vegetation at the Botanic Institute, Glasgow." By 1!. Bullen, Curator. 9. Exhibition of Specimens : — Fruit of a Dipladenia from Demerara, from P. Neill Eraser, Esq. Flowers of Brownea coccinea, Seedlings of Helle- borus niger and H. orientalis, having various coloured flowers. Leucoium vernum, twin-flowered, &c, from the garden. Report 'Hi tii. Open-air Vegetation in the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, January, 1890. — The past month has again been unusually mild. Vegetation is con- siderably in advance of what it was at the same date last year. Hardy spring flowers are not only earlier, but are more vigorous, and flowering more profusely than they have done for some years back. The various species and varieties of Helleborus have rarely been seen in such fine condition. Hazel, Alder, and Garrya are perfectly covered with flowers this season. During the month the thermometer was at or below the freezing point on twelve mornings, indi- cating collectively 45° of frost, as against 57° for the corresponding month last year. The lowest readings occurred on the 3rd, 24° ; 23rd, 23° ; 24th, 23° ; 28th, 27 ' ; 29th, 2(1°. The lowest day tempe- rature was 86°, on the 23rd of the month ; and the highest 57°, on the Kith. (hi the rock garden, thirty-seven species and varieties came into flower, amongst which were Crocus annulatus and Imperati, Colchicum croci- florum, Galanthus Elwesii and Imperati, Cyclamen Atkinsii, Hepatica angulosa, fieucoium carpaticum, Primula denticula, Ilvacinthus azureus, Polygala Chamicbuxus, Ranunculus unemonoides, Saxifraga liurseriana, &c Of the forty plants whose dates of flowering are annuully recorded, the following eighteen came into flower during the month, viz., Dondia Epipactis, on January 6, Scilla praecox, 6th ; S. sibirica, 7th ; Galanthus nivalis, 13th ; Eranthis hyemalis, 15th ; Corylus Avellana, 15th ; Leucoium vernum, 16th ; Galanthus plicatus, 17th; Rhododendron atrovirens, 18th j Tussilago alba, 19th; Rhododendron Noble- anum, 20th ; Daphne Mezereum, 24th ; Crocus susianus, 26th ; Bulbocodium vernum, 29th ; Crocus vermis, 30lh ; Tussilago nivea, 30th ; Sisyrinchium granditiorum, 31st ; Symplocarpus foetid us, 31st. These are on an average three weeks earlier than last year. Record <;/' the Temperature and Vegetation in the Botanic Garden, Glasgow, January, 1890. — The mean temperature was unusually high for the month, and, with the exception of January, 1884, less frost was registered than on any January for many years. The lowest reading was 23° (9° of frost) on the night of the 22nd. Total frost, only 35'. 272 TN E GAUD E N E J,' 8' CJ/tioXK ' L E. [March 1, 1890. Last year's total frost for January was 51°. The year previous 48°. So that we are experiencing a succession of mild winters. After the first day or two of the month, the weather became very variable, and continued so throughout. Rainfall was both frequent and heavy, with just sufficient sleet at times to remind us of winter. On the 14th, 18th, and 25th, storms of considerable severity and duration were experienced, the last one exceeding in severity and velocity either of the others. Professor Grant reports that a pressure of 28 lb. to the square foot was registered at the Glasgow Observatory. These storms extended far beyond our shores, great damage being done. Vegetation is in a very advanced state, common Elder, Japan Quince, scarlet Eibes, &c, have young shoots from 1 to 3 inches in length. Bate of Flowering of Selected Plants in Rock Garden, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, hy Robert Lindsay, Curator: — 1890. 1889. Doudia Epipactis January 6 January 3 Scilla prreeox 6 February 1 .. sibirica 7 .. 3 Galanthus nivalis 13 January 31 Eranthis hyemalis 15 February 3 C'orylus Aveltana 15 22 Leucoium veraum 16 January 30 Galanthus plieatus IT 26 Rhododendron atrovireus 18 17 Tussilago alba 19 February 14 Rhododendron Nobleauum ... 20 6 Daphne Mezereum 24 January 26 Crocus susiauus 26 February 14 Bulbocodiuni vernum 29 18 Crocus vernus 30 23 Tussilago nivea 30 27 Sisyrinchium grandirlorum ... 31 20 Symplocarpus fu-tidus 31 22 The Weather. ("Br the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period Darned; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] BRITISH FRTJIT GROWERS' ASSO- CIATION. A meeting of the General Committee was held in the Horticultural Club room, Hotel Windsor, Vic- toria Street, S.W., on Wednesday, February 19, Mr. T. Francis Kivers in the chair. Thirteen members were elected, and some additions were made to the Executive Committee. The place of meeting for the Committee during the year next came under consideration; the Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain had been written to with the object of making some arrange- ments for holding the meetings at the Horticultural Club, and a reply was now read in which it was stated that " the Committee gladly accedes to the proposal," with regard to the Conferences of 1890, and it was resolved that the Association should hold the follow- ing meetings to deal with the subjects named : — Friday, June 27, Royal Aquarium, Westminster. Strawberries, and bush fruits ; Tuesday, August 5, Leicester, general fruit culture for profit ; Friday, September 5, Crystal Palace, Plums and stone fruits; Thursday, September 11, Brighton, general fruit culture, Grapes and Tomatos ; Wednesday, October 15, Royal Aquarium, Apples. Offers of papers upon several subjects had already been received from members and friends of the Associa- tion, and the full programme will be announced later on. It was resolved that the General and Executive Committee meetings be held in the Horticultural Club room at 5 r.M. on Thursdays, March 6, April 3, May 1, June 5, July 24, August 21, October 2, November 27, and December 18. Communications were read from provincial socie- ties with regard to providing lectures at their meet- ings, and the Secretary was directed to communicate with several experienced fruit growers on the snbject. Mr. T. W. Beach, Brentford, exhibited a lamp which he had employed for suspending amongst his fruit trees, to catch the winter moth and other pests. We have before had occasion to refer to this lamp, which, as has been pointed out, is of comparatively little use as a preventive against the winter moth, as the females ot that insect are wingless. Mr. T. F. Rivers referred to the loss the Associa- tion and the fruit interest had sustained by the death of Mr. Wildsmith, and it was resolved that a letter of condolence be sent to Mrs. Wildsmith. Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. -c he Accumulated a i § § . A g •H a s it ' 3 * = A j| i ' X ill T-s fl nS i 3^ £ 1 I* S5 ~ 11 \\ a H u< Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. l l + 4 23 + 35 — 54 3 — 39 9.1 1.' 16 2 l - 0 33 + 23 4 - 31 5.6 11 20 3 2 — 0 27 + 19 — 69 2 - 26 2.9 10 19 4 2 — 1 28 + 15 — 40 1 - 30 3.1 21 27 5 2 — 5 30 + 19 - 86 3 — 29 3.9 12 21 6 1 — 11 20 + 44 - 60 5 — 29 4.0 22 22 7 1 — o 24 + 23 - 62 6 - 37 9.2 3 Jo 8 2 - 4 2.'. + 29 — 56 4- 35 5.4 13 19 9 1 + 24 V + 31 0 *- 35 6.8 26 L'l 10 1 + 12 22 + 12 - 2b 3" 39 5.9 22 11 1 + 28 8 + 25 - 17 Oav. 40 8.9 16 25 12 2 + 13 0 + 91- 26 2 + 39 6.6 26 28 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grating He, Districts — !, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.VV. ; 9, England, S.W.; lu, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending February 22nd, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather has been dull or gloomy in nearly all parts of the kingdom, with a good deal of mist or fog; very little rain has fallen over England, but in Ireland, Scotland, and the south-west of England, the falls, though slight, were somewhat frequent. " The temperature has been a little above the mean in ' Scotland, X.,' Ireland, ' England, S.W.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' but in all other districts a deficit of 1° or 2° is shown. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded on very irregular dates, ranged from 56° in ' Ireland, S.,' to 47° in ' England, X.E.,' and 49c in ' Scotland, W.' The lowest of the minima were registered in most instances on the 16th, and varied from 22° to 30° in Scotland, from 24° to 25° over Ireland, from 27° to 30° over England. In the 'Channel Islands' the thermo- meter did not fall below 42°. " The rainfall has just equalled the mean in ' Ire- land, S.,' and slightly exceeded it in the ' Channel Islands ; ' in the other districts it has been less than the normal. " Bright sunshine shows a very decided decrease at nearly all stations, the percentage of the possible duration having ranged from 3 to 12 in Scotland, from 12 to 16 in Ireland, and from 10 to 26 over England.'' ©irituarg, MAURICE YOUNG.— It is with great pain that we have to record the death of Mr. Maurice Young, aged 56 years. He had been in ill-health for some time past, and his misfortunes, no doubt, prevented him from resisting the effects of disease, as he might otherwise have done. An attack of influenza fol- lowed by a relapse and inflammation of the lungs, caused his death on the 24th inst. For many years, like his father before him, he occupied a nursery at Milford, near Godalming, the father being a tenant of the celebrated botanist, Philip Barker Webb. Maurice Young had a thorough knowledge of his business, and of landscape gardening and planting. He was interested in plants for their own sake, as well as from a business point of view, and we had frequent occasion to consult him, and avail ourselves of bis experience and knowledge. He was a straight- forward, honourable man, who was liked and re- spected by all who knew him, and one with whose misfortunes everyone sympathised. May the know- ledge of these circumstances enable the widow and family the better to bear their bereavement. William Humphreys.— We regret to record the death of William Humphreys, on the 22nd ult., at the age of sixty-eight years. The deceased, who was head gardener to the late and present Earls of Hardwicke, at Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire, had held the post for twenty-six years, and was greatly respected by his employers and neighbours. He was one of the most successful cultivators of choice fruits. The flower and kitchen gardens at Wimpole are models of admirable keeping and arrangement, and were formed under his superintendence. E. MAGGS. — We also regret to announce the death of Mr. E. Maggs, gardener at the Manor House, Aylesbury, Bucks, which took place, from typhoid fever, on Sunday last. The deceased had held the post of head gardener at the Manor House for the past fourteen years. He took an active share in the management of the local floral and horticultural and Chrysanthemum societies, and was greatly respected. Much sympathy is felt for Mrs. Maggs, who has now lost within a brief period her husband and eldest daughter, both from typhoid fever, and has at the present time lying dangerously ill of the same malady an only son, she having lost her eldest son, some three or four years ago, from diphtheria. Markets. COVENT GARDEN, February IT. No alteration. Business very quiet. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prioes. Alalia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Christmas trees, doz. 4 Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 Dractena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Euonymus, in vax., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 . d. s. d. 1 0-18 0 ! Eri t.d.s.d. various, doz. 8 0-24 0 0 42 0 Ferns, Ficus elastioa. each .16-70 6-10 6 Foliage plants, vari- 0- 3 0 I ous. each 2 0-10 0 0-24 0 ' Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-21 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0- 9 0 0-12 0 ' Lily of the Valley, p. 0-12 0 , doz. pots 18 0 24-0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-60 0 ' Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 ; Pelargoniums, scar- 0-18 0 ' let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 i Roman Hyacinths, 0-18 0 per dozen pots ... 9 0-12 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 ! Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 Cut Flowers.— Averaoe Wholes Prices. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 Acacia (French) bun. 0 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 Callaa;thi0Dica,I2bl. 3 Camellias, white, doz. 2 — v Tious, per doz. 1 Carnations, 12 blms. 1 Chrysanth., 12 ban. 4 Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 Daffodils.doz. blooms 0 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias, 12bloomtl2 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Lilac, white, Fr., bun. 4 Lilium, rar., ]2bl.... 2 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 — French, per bun. 1 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0- 4 0 | Narcissus, various, 6-101 doz. bun 1 6-10 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 8-10 12 spr 0 0-5 0 — dozen sprays... 1 0-401 Primroses, 12 bun. ... 1 0- 2 0 ! Primulas, double, la 0-2 0 sprays 1 0-12 0 ! Roman Hyacinths, 4-09' Eng.. doz. sprays... 0 4- 1 0 | — (French), 12 bun. 1 0- 5 0 | Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 0-24 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 6-10. — French, dozen ... 1 0-6 0 — red, per dozen ... t 0-6 0 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 1 6- 1 0 I Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 I Tuberoses. 12 bims.... 1 0-9 0 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 0-4 0 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 6-2 0 — French, bunch ... 1 O- 6 0 I — Parma, bunch ... 3 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-2 0 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-8 0 6-2 6 0-2 0 0-2 0 0-4 0 lllirniD-HLOOM ■iety. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. Apples, i-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — NovaScotia,brl,12 0-25 0 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- o 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16 — St. Michael, each 2 0-60 Strawberries, oz. ... 0 9-16 March 1, 1890.] THE (i. I /,* D E NER S' C Hit 0X1 CLE. 273 Vegetables.— Avehage Retail Prices. t.d.t.d. i.d.t.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, per 1' 0 12 0- ... ' punnet 0 4- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... , Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Ciuliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Cucumbers, each ... 10-16 Spinach, per bushel... 4 0- ... Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Lettuces, per dozen... 1 6- ... Turnips, per bunch, Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... new 0 i- ... Potatos :— Supply of old Potatos continue plentiful, and market hag tendency to fall. Fresh arrival of Canary new potatos; price from 165. to 22s. cwt. Market quiet. Infe- rior samples difficult to sell except at lower h^ure-. New Potatos— best samples quickly cleared at 20s. to L'-ts". cwt. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : Feb. 26. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report to-day's market thinly attended. Business in seeds still continues in narrow limits. However, when country buyers finally make up their minds to begin to operate, they will find prices all along the line temptingly low. There is no change in Red Clover Seed. Alsike, white and Trefoil keep firm. In Trefoil there is a hardening tendency. French and Peren- nial Rye-grasses continue exceedingly cheap. Some new English Spring Tares are now offering. More money is asked for Rape and Millet seeds. Blue Peas are steady. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure (quarter), during the week ending February 22: — Wheat, 29*. Od. ; Barley, 31s. 2d. ■ Oats, 1&. 6d. For the corresponding period in 1889: — Wheat, 29s. 5d. ; Barley, 26s. od. j Oats, 16s. Sd. FBUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields: Feb. 26. Hood supplies of fresh vegetables and fruit. Abundant supplies of Potatos. Demand good for vegetables and fruit, but very slow for Potatos. Prices : — English Apples, Us. to 8s. per bushel ; American do., 16s. to 21s. per barrel ; Savoys, I ), 67. to .'is. Gd. per tally ; Caulillowers, 4s. to 9s. do. ; Curley Kale, id. to Od. per bushel ; Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet; Spinach, Gd. to Is. per bushel; Brussels Sprouts, 0d. to Is. per half-sieve ; Turnip- tops, Is. to 2s. per sack ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. Gd. to Is. Od. do. ; do., 'id. to ~d. per sieve ; Greens, Is. to 2s. Gd. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; do., 10s. to 24s. per ton ; Parsley, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Parsnips, id. to 0d. per score ; Beetroots, Id. to 6/. per dozen; Horse-radish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle; Celery, 4s. to 12s. per dozen bundles; Endive, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; Leeks, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets; English Onions, 10s. to lis. per cwt.; Spanish do., 10s. to lis. lid. per case ; Bordeaux do., 7 . to 8». do. ; Dutch and Belgian do., 7s. to 8». pei bag of 110 lb. Stratford: Feb. 25. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices: — Savoys, 3s. to 3s. per tally; Cauliflowers (Guernsey), 2s. to 3s. per barrel; do. (Cornish), 5s. to 10s. per crate ; Turnips, 25 per ton ; Carrots (household i, 35*. to 10s. do.; do. (cattle feeding), 20s. to 22s. do.; Parsnips, Ml*, to 50s. do. ; Mangels, 14s. to 18*. do.; Swedes, 13*. to 18*. do; Onions, English, IDs. to lis. Gd. per bag; do., Dutch, 6s. to 7s. Gd. do. ; Apples, English, 3*. to 9s. per buBhel ; do., American, 18s. to 28s. per barrel ; Celery, 3s. to 9s. per dozen rolls ; Rhubarb, Is. Od. to 2s. per dozen bundles. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : Feb. 26. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 90s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 90s. ; Magnums, black, 40s. to 50s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 55*. ; Lincolns, 45s. to 60s. ; Yorks, 50s. to 70s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 100s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields : Feb. 26. — Quotations : — Magnums, 35s. to 50s. ; Regents, 50s. to 60s. ; Champions, 40s. to 50s.; Imperators, 40s. to 65s.; Hebrons, 40s. to 60*. per ton. Stratford: Feb. 25. — Quotations: — Scotch Mag- nums, 50s. to 80s. ; Regents, 58s. to 68s. ; English do., 50s. to 60s. ; light English Magnums, 45s. to 65s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, prime, 7 8s. to 92s.; inferior, do., 46s. to 75s. ; hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; inferior, do., 26s. to 50s. ; and straw, 26*. to 48*. per load. Enquiries. " Ha that auestioneth much shall learn much." — Bacon. Steam Heating of Glass-houses. — Will any of our readers kindly inform "J. P. & Sons" of any garden where steam is used for the warming of glass-houses, and what its advantages are, if any ? [It was used and well thought of by the late Peter Henderson, of New York, but has not gained ground here.] Zn.r Potatos. — Can anyone say what these are ? J.C. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not e.rp'rt to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than sic should be sent at one time. - -, u< Banoor: •/. /'. We should think yon could grow these fruits anywhere in your locality if shelter can be procured, and especially on walls facing east and north. The south wall would be too warm for most English varieties, and the west aspect would suffer, probably from the heavy winds you will get from that quarter, and these being heavily salt-laden, cause much damage to blos- soms and foliage. Dwarf Apples on the Paradise stock would give better results than pot trees under glass, especially if they are planted in pro- perly prepared loamy soil, enclosed in parallelo- grams of 15 to 20 yards long and wide, sheltered by hedges of Whitethorn, Tlmia sibirica ; Warrcana . Maple, Hornbeam, Beech, or the like hedge plants, to protect them from the wind. If trees must be grown under glass, it should be done in pots, and the glass shelter made use of only during the setting period, and till mild weather makes it safe to plunge the pots to half their depth out-of-doors. Apple trees grown always in a glass-house, have beautiful but usually flavourless mealy fruits, that ripen out of season. Very late ripening varie- ties may be brought into the house early in ( Ictober if the weather be boisterous. Employ pots just large enough to accommodate the roots, drain them moderately, use heavy loamy soil without much admixture of manure ; pot very firmly, and give top-dressings of manure if the trees bear heavily. Shift the trees annually, and pinch the shoots once only and that in duly. Amuiyi.iis: F. A W. A nice tint of crimson, but the flower in the matter of form is not to be compared with some strains now in the field. Books.— Baker's " Amaryllideje:" C. W. D. Pub- lished by Bell & Son, York Street, Covent Garden. — F. J. C. There is no separate Flora of Palestine, but all are contained in Boissier's Flora Orientalis. There is, however, a book by Mrs. Zeller, called Wild Flowers of the Holy Land, containing about fifty-four coloured plates of a very coarse description, and unaccompanied by text. There are also Plants of the Holy Land, by H. T. Osborne, Philadelphia, 1861 ; and Flowers from the Holu Land, by R. Tyas, London, 1851. We have not seen either of the latter. — Manual of the Conifertp, J. Veitch & Sons, 544, King's Road, Chelsea, B.W. Botanical Names: H. C. O. Get Nicholson's Dic- tionary of Gardening, the Supplement, sold sepa- rately, we believe, will give you what you want. (Upcott, Gill & Co., 170, Strand, London.) Clover: H. C. C. Cow grass has a less hairy stem, narrower leaves, and a stronger, less branch- ing root, and flowers later than the common Red Clover. Dahlias : R. G. G. Pack the roots closely in boxes or flat hampers, with leaf-mould, placing them under stages, or anywhere in a house with a maxi- mum day warmth of 70°. Keep the roots in a damp state only — not wet ; in a fortnight the shoots will have grown to a length of 2 to 3 inches. These may be broken off — not cut — close to the root, and struck singly, or two or three in a pot, of sandy leaf-mould, on a bottom-heat of 75° to 80°, in a close frame or propagating-case. When rooted, pot off and keep in a warmth of 60° till April ; afterwards a greenhouse temperature will be sufficient for them. Put out-of-doors at the beginning of May, and plant in June. Cut them down halfway if they should get tall before being planted out. Dendrobium Wardianum: T. C. The variety of Dendrobium Wardianum is a very pretty one, but not better than many others which have appeared nmong the numerous large importations of that plant. The box in which your specimens were enclosed was smashed in the post, and the flowers greatly bruised. Grafting : H. C. C. Yes, there is a certain amount of reciprocal influence of stock on scion, and vice • ' rsd, but an influence more apparent in the habit and growth than in actual form. The notion that Blood Oranges are produced by grafting on Pome- granates is sheer nonsense. Lawn Tennis: Gladstonian. Write for the particulars required to some journal devoted to sports. Name ok Fruit: W. C. $ S. The Apple is pro- bably Derbyshire Crab. Names of Plants: J. W, 1, crested variety of Pteris serrulata ; 2, Polypodium aureum ; 3, Cha- nmropa humilis. — C. H. Perkins. Muehlenbeckia coiuplexa. — F.J.C. 1, Andropogon distachyon ; 2, Bpecimen insufficient; 3, Celtis australis ; 4, Ankyropetalum gypsophiloides ; 5, Carthamus leucocaulos ; 6, Frankenia pulverulenta ; 7, Zizy- phus spina-Christi (Christ's Thorn). — //. R. CoDlogyne flaecida. — ./. Smith. Rhododendron dauricum. — Uxbridge. So far as we can determine them from small specimens, they are as follows: — 1, Cupressus Lawsoniana ; 2, Juniperus sinensis; .'!, a form of Cupressus Lawsoniana; 4, Thuia Sieboldi ; 5, Tsuga canadensis ; 6, Juniperus vir- giniana. Nectarine Leaves Diseased: G. M, Your tree is Buffering from an attack of what is called the Silver-leaf disease, which also affects Plums, Laurels, &c, in the open air. There is no ascer- tained cause, or known remedy, although it is thought by some cultivators that dryness at the root during the autumn and winter is a cause. It is commonly met with in light and gravelly soils, and less so in heavy ones. Cut off the affected branches. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. William Watt, Cupar and Perth— Tar Seeds. John Shabpi .V Son, Bardney, Lincolnshire — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. V. II. Hali.ock & Son, Queen's, New York, U.S.A. — Seeds. Pitcher & Manda, United States Nurseries, Short Hills, New Jersey, I'.S.A. — Orchids; Hardy Perennials and Ferns ; Chrysanthemums, and Dahlias. B. R. Davis, Yeovil Nurseries, Hendford Hill, Yeovil, Somerset— Begonias. D. Landreth & Sons, Philadelphia, U.S.A.— Garden Seeds. James Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn, London. W.C. — Grass and Farm Seeds. Dicksons (Limited), Chester— Farm Seeds. Clark & Co., 85, Bedford Street, North Shields- Vegetable and Flower Seeds. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Tottenham — Hardy Perennials, Florists' Flowers, Pajonies, and Hardy Climbers. Communications Received.— Screno Watson, Cambridge, U.S.A.— W. and N.— H. W.— P. S. Ventimiglia.— C. II. II. — Prof.Wittmack, Berlin.— J. S., Way.— F. R., many thanks. — F. W. B— R. Edwards.— H. J. Veitch.— H. B.-J. D.— E. S. — J. C. & Co.— John Colebrook (no specimens sent).— H.— J. OB.— Q. A. R.— D. D.— A. E. G.— B.— R. A. R.— C. T. D.— H. W. W.— E. M.— F. R.— C. J. Ogleby.— Business (next week). 274 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mahch 1, 1890. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's seeis are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free . BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. SE VENT Y-FIVE ACRES larkably well-grown Trees. Inspection invited. Ik H H X New descriPtive CATALOGUE 1 X\ £j £j O . on application. FRUIT TURF, TURF.— To Gentlemen and others requiring above, should apply to T. MORRIS. Turf Cutter. Tower Hamlets, Walthamstow, Essex. Established 50 years| rPU MARKET GARDENERS, &c— To Grow _L Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS, Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great value of this M mure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, Vis. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield (las Company, Sheffield. "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial sample po.t-free.J Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation "11 Walks, Carriage Drives, Ash Tennis Cants. Stonework grown green, &c. Used at Keic Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, £-c, <£e. COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED to nil Wee ithou ftrfutc Inu't JPrice— Gallon, v/-; 5 gal., 1/9 per gal.; 10 gal. 1/6 per gal.; 40 gal. 1/4 per gal. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. DISTBIBTJTOR for "Perfect" Weed Killer. Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-iron rk neatly painted, loll- ed tubes wiiii tap to i - ■ alate Gives spray 36 ins. wide. HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY- Works : 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. Principal Agents: JiLACKLKY. YOI NG A\n CO., 103, Holm Street, Glasgow. NOTICE. -Wci.ri,iin,,lhih,idour\VmlisatTtmbridge,Kmt, sacks, 24s. ; .'ill sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; ,T,n - ,.■'... 40s. ; Truck-loud, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., -special 'niality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each, GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks. 40s. ■ BEST BROWN 1 •llutol S PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. iW BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack ; S for 20s COARSE SILVER SAND, ls.Hd. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Prat Mould, is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures. Peat-Moss Litter. Crushed Bones. Virgin Cork, &c„ &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO.. West Ferry Road, MiUwall, London, E. Bankers— Smith, Payne, Sf Smiths. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE. — Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto. Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons. Heaths, &c, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gravel for drives, concrete, gravel, screenings, yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. .1. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Caniberley, Surrey. BESON'S MANUR K— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing tlie Lending Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, is., 2s. 6d., 5s. 6d., and 10s. Qd. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. ATIVK GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u^e, NATIVE. GUANO. Price £ J 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c— C. Fiuler. Reading, used it for Potatos, and says:—" I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C.J. WAiTE.Gr. to Col. the Hon. W.P.Talbot, says:— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the5 years during which I have freely used it, I have gained orer 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. BAILEY, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says ;— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C, where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c., may be obtained. Agents wanted. For Green and Black Fly. American Blight. Camellia Scale, Red spider. Mealy Bug. Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. " DTP PC M fl " THE UNIVERSAL r^ i \J S\ Ci k\ rk) INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a fallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I find it kills Green ly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, aud to far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or hpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January!, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, " Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6rf., 2s. 6d„ aud 3s. Gd. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. &d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, Loudon. bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. WTTBTES, Syon /louse, writes: — " Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests." For particulars apply to JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works, Barrow-on-Humbsr. HULL. COLE'S BLOOD AND BONE MANURES. Manufactured from Animal Substances. Rich in Ammonia. Readily absorbed by the Plant. Suitable for all Crops— Farm or Garden. Detailed Price List and Testimonials on application. J. H. COLE, Calne, Wilts. SAVE HALF THE COST. PADQlllr Q BEDFORDSHIRE UHflUlUL 0 C0ARSE AND "WE -sss? SILVER SAND Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Run- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent OH application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Leighton Buzzard, Beds. March 1, 1890.1 THE GA F D E HE R fif ' G HE OHIO L E. 275 are light, strong, th your ' Garden Messrs. Dicksons, Limited. Chester. write : — " The Flower Pots you have so largely supplied us wi and well made, anil in every re-p.et hi_'hly satisfactory " MessrB. Richard Smith & Co.. Worcester, write:— "We beg to say that we are highly sat Pote ; ' they are well made tod we like them better than any ol Mr. William Bull, 531, King's Road. Chelsea, London, writes: "For nearly thirty years I have beei ' Garden Pota.' and still on I Largest Manufacturers in the world. No waiting ; millions in stoek. Carriage and breakage free on £10 orders. Half , RICHARD SANKEY & SON, bulwell potteries, NOTTINGHAM BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES lnaVorlze8' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEA I for POULT I ! V FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For price9 apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO. Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGESTS W. INTBD 4C/-:.\T.\ W. I VTBD. BROWN FIBROl 3 PEAT for ORCHIDS, I Ss. each ; 10 Bag per Ton, or £5 per Truck si I tone; Bag PEAT, tor form i , Bog, and American Plant 6 tone. THOU IS W \i DISTRIB "KILLMRIGHT." 0 F R TAIN Dl vi H D 0 1 N S E 01 PESTS Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. into The " Stott " Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. Agent- Wanfe intry. rrOBACCU PAPER, best quality, 87. per lb. ; JL U lb., 9». ; do. FIBRE, much per lb. J H lb " - to tl PEIBCB'abp CO.. 8t Andrew's, Bristol E NTJINE GARDEN REQUI S ITEE Be ■ - RUSSIA. mats New Archangel. 9 f) 11ns. by lft.Bins., 21 . doz . Heai r Peteraburg. 7 II by lit. Bins., 13 do SPECIALISE TOBACCO PAPER. I0a\ per lb.. 281b. for ai». TOlM< ru 1 X<>TH. 1 .. p.-rlh . 2Slb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT. St. per I EAT. LOAM. S . V- ■ i ' and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehi Sbntti ■ ark Street. London, S.F.. "Nothing Succeeds like Success." UTTPUT7C (soluble) XlUlJliriO INSECTICIDE Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and Bird Fanciers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, Bleacher, and Cleanser when washing Under Linen. Bold by Seedsmen and Chemists, le.Sd.,S 6d I . : • ; i r,t ]1 1, H. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE. Its .iDDilcation to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on application to the Manufacturer, addre eed to E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester Whoi i - u.i. trorj dl ■' i NORMAL FERTILISER For 6BEEJ 501 ! oi GARDEN p_ . 7 1h. 14 lb. 38 lb. 601b. 1 i wt. 2s. 3s. tirf. 5s. 6d. B». 14s. And in 6rf. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd , 121, Bisbopsgate Street Within, B.C., and Farnham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Whole»»leofMes»r». HURSTANr.V'N,152,Hound..ditrh, London ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants. Ill PEAT III SELECTED specially for Orchids Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM. nil Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBKE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST. FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS.Sc. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS & CO., The Old-established Peat Depot . Ringwood.'Hauts, ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against. American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s. 6d, GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d -- b ; S feet HEN STAKES Jap per 1,4s. Bd, per dozen; 4 feet big! . i • r dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS, 1-, inches wido. in 6 fc-et lengtl .. a fa rids, i each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS, 5s. per dozen. i, i RDEN ARCHES, 7 feet high. 1 feet span, Bs, erf. each. i ■ ■,-.. ,./ paid on ill oi dt i ibove 10s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Imple nl M facturers. Catalogues free on appltcal BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. 276 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE. [March 1, 1800. w.hLASCELLES&co, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LOUDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. JAS. BOYD & SONS, PAISLEY. very description, either Wood or Iron, or both combined. >*3s Wooden Chapels, sSn^i Shooting Lodges, Cottages, *5^=f Tennis Courts, Verandahs, &c. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Churches, Schools, Public Buildings, Mansions, Harness Rooms, Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and Buildings of every Description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. most useful kind of Dne with a garden should The above are without except frame for plant growing, and ev« possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and painted : — 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet „ 4 feet „ 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 6 feet „ 5 feet „ 12 feet „ 5 feet „ Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY &. CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway Road. N. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AND AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. .-•\ IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Roofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. T//OS. W. ROB /A/SON, REVISED ES ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOE A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE, W.C. boxes of 100 feet English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered tree and sound m the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE i'ARIILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 84, St. John street, West Smlthfield, London, E.C, Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. GARDEN POTS. — Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade — well burnt yet porous. " The best for growing plants in that I have ever used." — Mr. Whalley, Head Gardener to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Orchid Pots, Seakale and Rhubarb Pots, Seed Pans. &e. Send for Price List. THOS. PASCALL and SONS, South Norwood Pottery, S.E. Samples, carriage free; or can be seen at Mr. SMYTH'S, 21, Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C, PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Domo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actl ms of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, and Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. Osman & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Perpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words " Frigi Domo " as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington & Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN EDDINCTOfT (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. GARDEN REQUISITES.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATS! IN AND SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, l^rf. yard ; 4 yards wide, 3d. yard ; or 2 yards w nle. 10s. per 100 ; 4 yards wide, 20s. perlOO vards. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 yard wide, 2d. yard; 2 yards wide. id. yard ; I yards wide, 8rf. yard; 12 yards wide. 2s. yard. COTTON NET, nine meshes to square inch. ]£ yards wide. Id. yard run. W. CULLING/ORD. 127, Field Road, Forest Gate. London, E. ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply— E T. RUSSELL AND CO., 60.Wharf.inle Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. HORTICULTURAL A Larg;e Stock pj AQQ always on Hand. Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At loioest possible prices. NICHOLLS & CLARKE, 6, HICH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. Mabch 1, 1890.] THE GA EDE XE R 8' C II R < > XI GL E. 277 ^HRACl| COAL The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. HENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truekloads to any railway station. This coal is ABSOLUTELY smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of fuel, burning for twelve hours at least without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat th m coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, 33, Lime Street, London, E.C. Quotations for Loudon delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and South- Western districts, from Messrs. O. R. CARTER and SON, Coal Exchange, E.C; and for the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL and CO., Coal Merchants. Greenwich, S.E. CONWAY C. WARNE , Successor to ,. ^John Matthews,)) The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WOULD. 2\ Prize Medals. ..-Is of Testimonials. PSICE LISTS FREE. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original ami only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S patent! RENTHAM BOILER FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE, MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. HPHE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' -L ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 al death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Kvi i.vn Ashi.kv, Chairman, a ,1 Income, £250, >. SO.ooo Annual Policy- holders, I. sated Capital and Reserve I 1, £2S i, Compensation paid, £-',;;.<>. Weal I"' Office 3, Brand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office 01. Oomhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. THE GARDENERS! CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. 4 Lines 5 .. 6 .. 7 .. 8 ., 9 .. 10 .. 11 12 .. 13 .. 14 ., Head L\ £0 3 0 6 o 7 0 7 0 6 6 0 6 rged c 15 Lines 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19 ., 20 „ 21 „ 22 ., 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ 9 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 13 0 L3 ti AND SIXPENCE FOB ETEBI ADDITION U If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be : If set across three Columns the lowest charge will 1 Page, £8; Half Page, £1 10s. ; Column, £!. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 2t> words, including name and address. Is. Hd., and 6'• i i tfi opt, Esq., Warley I 'lace, i . real \\ arli y, Essex, Mr. Nelson Quegory, lias been ap Gardener to Colonel Bruce, Testwood Park, Suulliainpton. Mr. F.J, Debnam, formerly Head Gardener at Dissington Hall Gardens, Newcastle-on ' pne, as Hi ail Gardener to A. Pears, Esq., Spring Grove I rardens, [sleworth, Middlesex, Mr. T. Price, late Foreman at Driiikstone Park, Bury St, Edmunds, as Head Gardener to II. .1. Harris, Esq., liowden 1 1 i 1 "i Souse, ( Ihippenham. Mr. Sami ii. Todd, late of Wins!ad>e Gardens, Exeter, as Gardener to W. Grievjes, Esq., The Hermitage, East < Irinstead. Mr. Wm. BoWELL, tor over twenty years at Stawell House Gardens, Richmond, Surrey, to take oharge of the Gardens at Shiplake Court, Oxfordshire, near Twyford, BerEB. WANTED AT ONCE, a thorough good all-round GARDENER, for Jqbbing Won ... 30. Must be active, trustworthy, and obliging. Pi rmanent.— C. ELLIOTT. Hon St. nil. Lull-' hiwnr Koild. drnvilni.i REQUIRED, at Kaworth l'ark, Ejadleigh, Suffolk, thoroughly practical STNGLE-HANBED GAR DENKR, ii.i.l.i-t . ni'l Ori-cnhouse Pi inting, Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, In n objei ted to), \Y igi 1.1 pel week, and cottage in grounds rent free. WANTED, a thoroughly respectable Man, as SECOND GARDENER. Must be well up in Vegetable Culture; age between 24 and 3\ Must be clean and active. If married, a comfortable home found. State wages, &c— C. A. HANLEY. The Mount, Oxford. WANTED, UNDbR GARDENER, married man without family, to live in Lodge, must have a thorough knowledge of Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Wages, ISs. per week.— Write particulars to J. M. OWEN, Gardener, Bramhope Hall, near Leeds. WANTED, sinSle Man as UNDER GAR- T t DENER to live on place. Must understand Cows, also well up in Flower and Kitchen Garden. £1 per week and milk.— HEAD GARDENER, Mount Mascal. Heme Hill, S.E. WANTED, near Guildford, a Young man as T » UNDER GARDENER, well up in Stove and Green- house work. Wages, £1, nothing found.— Only those with good characters need apply, by letter to II. E. W., Thatched House Club, St. James' .street, \V. ANTED, a FOREMAN, for Cucumber and Tomato Houses. Also THREE or FOUR ASSISTANTS, permanent for useful men.— H. DICKINSON. Shardlow, near Derby. ANTED, as FOREMAN, an energetic Man, about 3) to 35, well up in Forcing and Growing General Nursery Stock.— Apply by letter, in own hand.* i il Eng, stating previous experience, &c, to W. MILES, 16 and ltf, Church Road, Hove, Brighton, Sussex. WANTED, a young Man, 25 to 30 years of :i •;<'. a- 1 ■olik.MAX m a Private Place; must be ex- : under Glass, and well up in Growing Florist Flowers. £i per week with Bothy.— -Apply, stating past experience aud references, to WILLS and SECiAR, Royal Exotic Nursery, South Kensington, S.W. ANTED IMMEDIATELY, good WORK- ING FOREMAN. Must be goud Propagator and Grower of Ferns, Genistas, Bouvardias, Eurharis, Stephaiiolis, Double Primulas, Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums, and alt Soft-wooded Stuff for Plants and Cut Flowers; also Tomatos, Cucumbers, Mushrooms, Grapes. U oa yonng MAN as Under, about 17 or is. Th.'-.' m the Trade preferred. Apply, with full particulars, to J .M., Victoria Nursery, New Humberstone, Leicester. WAMID. a I •'( ) I tEMAN PROPAGATOR and FLOWER GROWER for Market, musl have good EDWARD CAJIR, Nurseryman, Aughtou Road, , Southport, ANTED, a FIRST JOURNEj M \\ n. the Orchid Department, to take charge o£ Cattleyas man u ■ 18». and bothy. .Musi state expe- r n't NiMH' i I u|i|)l\ !.u( i Imsr iii.ii have had considerable experience u aids. i. V7HILLAN8, Ble im, Wood- !to k. VyAX'l i:i>. a Jul RNEYMAN, thoroughly T T experienced in Growing Tomatos, Mushrooms, Roses, .. mums, .v- ., For Market. One direi I from \i irket Nursery preferred. Apply, stating references, experience, [uired, bo JAMBS HODGES, S] gfield Nursery, K ;■ i leal b, Birmingham. WANTED, AT ONCE, a thoroughly ex- Perlence I M \ S to Grow » 'unnnlrr., t , ni| .. . I'linnitiw, tYfiuhr ii-. Ferns, and General Cut Stuff for Market; a per inaticnt placetos suitable man. Lpply, stating wages required and all particulars, to W. II. LAWSON, The N riee, ■ \\7"ANTED, Hardy PLANT and Ri isi; »> GROWER, well U| (rafting and Buddiue Ceo ; attend Markets on Satur- day, inantn i ' ■ ■ iiimii to absl r, and one able to Drive and Ride well. — State age and capab title . d o wage i i lirr I in lours or oui . Good rele indtapen table o dy, Ji 'UN K. 1 i."U BR, Nur 11 i >. . WANTED, a young MAN, who has had exp ace mi ,i Market Nursery in Growing Soft n Led Plants, Reply by letter, Btating age, reference, and wages required, to D, S. THOMSOH [mbledon. ANTED, a young MAN, for Market"NuT- sery.with ag i knowledge ol Soft-wooded Plants and Tomato Growing. State age and wages asked. — MAR- SHALL BRI IS ii.i'ii. Barnham, Bognor. WANTED, TWO young MEN, one for Out-door Rose Departmeni . one for Fruit Trees, to take the lead under the Foreman. — State experic and pected to GEO. COOLING AND SONS, The Nurseries, Bath. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, an active and intelligent ) g Man as i\iri;n\ i R, quick at Pol ting. Tying, and Watering, alsc General Nursery Work. , wages, and when" lasl emplnyed. I'lvferi'iice given to one who has been accustomed to the wiring of flowers. — FREDERICK A. WHITE, for Executors, Royal Nurseries, Bournemouth. ANTED, a young MAN to Assist in General Work in Small London Nursery, Soft wooded SI nl I. Clir) -:iii 1 1 i.-lii ii ins, .'iii-l ImiimiIms. Wnai-s, I si. Wit. 1.1 All HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney. To Gardeners. ABARLAS, Gardenerto II. Miohell, Esq., . .ii-. Dnderm it, I church, [sle of Wight, will be . HEAK FROM ANY GARDENER who can recom , i ,i in. -i ,.i.i|.i.., .1^..- about 35, without family, live at lodge, man to Work in Garden and maki him II u - tul wife to look alter Gate, and Mansion house in absence ol family. 278 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 1, 1890. WANTED, THREE young MEN, expe- rienced in Tomato and Cucumber Growing.— ARTHUR MATTHEWS. Nur-eries. Waltham Cross. ANTED, TWO young MEN, experienced in Market Work.— Apply, with full particulars, age, and wages required, to G. LANGE, Chamber?, Hampton, .Mi.ldle.ex. MESSRS. JAMES VEITCH and SONS are REQUIRING for their Fruit Tree Nursery at 1iiIIm.ii, TWO young MEN to Assist ill General Work, including Pruning and Training.— Apply by letter, stating vvoj - re quired, to Royal Exotic Nursery. Chelsea, S.W. WANTED, a young MAN, quick at Totting and Tying, & and BAILIFFS, and 111 t|i (i.YRDF.NKRS for first rale Est ihlishments or Siugle- hamled Situalio -.<:, 11 !>e suited ami have full pan applying at Staustead Lark and Rutland Park Nurseries, Forest Hill. London, S.E. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34 ; thoroughly experienced. HEAD GARDENER, Cow eslield House, Salisbury. / \ ARDENER (Head).— Age 32, married; vT eighteen years' c.speriencc in good places. Thoroughly competeut in all branches. Good reference-. Abstainer. F. C.Tongham, Farnham, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where two or three others are kept. — Underidauils fines, Peaches, Necta- rines, .Melons, Cucumbers, Stove, Greenhouse, Kitchen and Flower Gardens.— H. cox, Piercerield, Chepstow. GARDENER (Head). — £5 will be paid any- one securing Advertiser a good situation. Well up"in all branches.— I). I) . Gardeners' Chronica Office, 11, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept, — Age 29; seeks engagement with Lady or Gentleman requiring thoroughly competent and trustworthy man.— SCHOLEY, Broome Hall, Dorking. /"GARDENER (Head). — Young, experienced VJ" in Orchid, Stove, and Forcing Houses, and all Cuts d; Work. Eight years' good character.— H. TUPPEN, Roplev Dean. Alresford, Hants, GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Married, no family; thorough practical experience. Five and a half v,mis' character. — J. S., 55, Fox HillKoad, Kedlands. Reading, Berks. ARDENER (Head); age 38.— Mr. F. H. Norman desires to recommend his late Head Gardener. Understands Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables ; al-o Land and Stock. Eighteen years' experience.— Address, 6S, Lombard Street, E.C. Gi ARDENER (Head) ; age 29.— J. Trigger, T The Gardens. Milton Park, Peterborough, can very highly recommend James Upex, who has been with him seveu years as General Foreman, to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring the services of a good aud reliable man. GxVRDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman — A. MCLEOD, Gardener to the Marchioness of llea.ll'oil, lleadfort Gardens, Kills, co. Meath, Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (Jas. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. p ARDENER (Head); no family.— A VT Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener -, total abstainer. Experienced in Orchids, Eucharis, Grapes, Peaches, Cucumbers, Vegetables, &c. First-class character; M.fe assists in Dairy The GARDENER, Itchell Manor, Crondall, Hants. f^ ARDENER (Head), where three or more VT men are kept.— Age 30; seeks engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of the business. Character will bear strictest inves- tigation.—J. CONNOLLY, Longfield, Carrickmacross, co. Monaghan. Ireland. GARDENER (Head); age 32.— H. Swift, for three and a half vears Gardener to the late C. A. Nicholson. Esq., Balrath liu'rry, Kells, co. Meath, i- open to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman re, pining a good, all round Hardener, thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establishment. GARDENER (Head) ; married, no family. Advertiser is at liberty to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener, understands Forciug and Cultivation of Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, Unexceptional character. — Gardener, Asylum Cottage, Beddington, Surrey. GARDENER (Head).— Age 31 ; thoroughly practical in all branches of Gardening. S. Da VIES, late Head Gardener u, i ipinn Drummond, Enderby Hall, would io recommend his late Foreman who has scried as Head Gardener at tb.- above place seventeen yen--, F xcellent references from c i establishments. — Address, in firsl instance, toS. DAVIES. Wei bridge Park, Surrey. (GARDENER (Head); age 34, married, one T child.— W. Howard, Esq., [he Grove, Teddingten, w,,,iM 1 , , mend, his late Head Card, -uer to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener m all branches. Highest references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred.— G. A. 1!., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W C. GARDENER (Head Working)-— Age 32; well recommended. Personal reference.— X. Y. Z., 17, High Road, Knightsbridge, W. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 30, single; fifteen years' experience. Three years Head in last situation v. 0 , 6, Elgin Terrace, Maida Vale, W. G1 ARDENER (Head Working), when three f ormorenreki tarried, two children years' good chaiaeler fi-om i lie Countess, present em] ii. FEKMOR, Fairhill, To abridge, Kent. /GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40, vJT married; experienced in all branches. Steadj dustrious i; , , ,r, t.-r. G. 1. . '. Office, II. Wellington Stieet. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44; tw.ntv ei.hi years' practical experience in all Fourteen vear-in pre- >it situ iton, six years previous. Wile . ,. i .ii.-- <,. KIFF, Broomleys, Coalville, near Leicester. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more, ne kept.— Age :; ; well up in Fruit, I and Kitchen Gardens Weil recommended, A R, .1. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington street. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working); age 27 — Mr, Gibson, Steventon Manor Gardens, Vlicheldever, Hauls, .in wnli every confidence highly recommend Ins r. K,h-ii, to* any Lady or Gentleman requiring a Gl AKDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; T eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines. Peaches, Cucumbers, Mc Firat-class references from past and present employers.— Ah, lamer F. I. AMI. Alma Koad. Reigate, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three ire kept.— Age 31, married: thoroughly ex- perienced in all branches. Land and Stock. Wife would undertake Sic all Laundry, Highest references from present and previous employers.— .1. M.. 1, Daisy Villas, Stewart Road, Malmesbury lJark, Bournemouth. ARDENER (Head Working); age 30, marri, d, two children.— G. N. HoAItll. Esq.. would be pleased to - ecommend Ins Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman -requiring a thoroughly practical and trustworthy House, Am T-liain -GEO. WIGGENS, The Gardens, Finche GARDENER (Head Working); age 31, niaiie.t. Mai,,r-i,eneral BiLFOt'R can highly recom- mend his llead Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the -en ice - ot a steadv experienced man as above. Well up in Fruit and 'Orchid Growing. Good references.— For full par- ticulars apply to li. BUTCHER, Stanley House, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire. GARDENER (Head Working), or good SiN-o'Ln-HANDED.— Age 34, married, one child (age SI) ; well up in all branches of Gardening. Eleven years Head in last situation. At liberty.— T. M., Ltlev Clough, Liley Lane, Hopton, Mirfield. (f .J. ARDENER (Head), or Single-handed. — J Wife could Manage a Small Dairy.— J. FEAMPTON. North Town, Maidenhead. GJ.ARDENER (Head), or good Single- * HANDED.— Age 34; married. Thoroughly practical; understands --lock. Near London preferred. - 1 1 KM; Y < >V FK, 1»3. St. Peter's Street, Tunbridge Wells. rVARDENER (Head, or good Single- \-A HAXDEli).- Age 2a; ten years' good practical experience Inside and Out. Highe.t reference,.— i ,. WALLIS, The Gardens. Knott's Green, Leyton, Essex. GARDENER (Head), where another is kept, or good Single-handed.— Age 28, married, no family ; good experience. Can Milk. Leaving through Gentleman giving up. -LOVEGROVE, 8, Queen's Road, Chislehurst, Kent. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed), Town or Country.— Age :;:,, married; understands Grapes, Peaches, -Melons. Cucumbers. Tomatus, Greenhouse Plants. Flower, Fruit, and Kitchen Hardens, Twenty year-' experience Good characters. — GARDENER, Lawn Cottage, Roehford, Essex. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Age 15, married j Scotch. Experienced in North and South of England. Good references. — W. S. CAMPBELL. 17, Prince Street, Bridliugtou Quay, GA R D ENER, or GARDE N E R and BAILIFF.— The LIVERPOOL Horticultural Co. (Johu Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard aud Nurseries, Uarstou, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — age 34; married, four children; upwards of 20 years' experience in all branches.— H. COURSE, Ashcroft, Kingston, near Brighton. GARDENER, where two or more are kept. — i testimonials. Open to engage now or at term. Lea\ m,- jm ■-<■]! t situation through establishment Wang broken up.— WILXlAM WATT, Seed Merchant, Cupar, Fife. GARDENER, where one or two are kept, or good SlNGIiE-HANDED.— Age 27, married, 1 child; three years' good character.— P., Mrs, nvrrvTT. Church Street, Esher. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 35, married ; understands Stock. Seventeen months" guod . ii iracter, live and q half years' previously. Cause of leaving satisfactory — E. LUDLOW, Hale Lodge, Edgware, Middlesex G1 VRDKNER (.Single-handed), or SECOND. T — Age 25; and rstands Glass and Outdoor Work. Good refei nee I , it, M.-^an - R. id. Battersea Park, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second. Ige 27, single ; has had good experience in Stoi iuse; five years in last place.— E. P., Beau worth, Alresford, Hants. ARDENER (Second), under Glass. — Age li> live years'experience ludoors.— F. TAYLOR, Mr. Brooks serosa Nurseries, Weston-super-Mare. G / < AiaiENEK (Mm Mil: age 21.— A Gab- ' I i : .1 :; w shes to recommend ;t young man as above. Four years' good i haracter, -W. J.. 5, Mount Street, Hyde. GA RDENER (Second).— Age '27, married when suited with situation. Wife thorough Laundress if preferred. Both thorough experienced servants.— Q«, L'l, Abinger Road West, -New Cross, S.E. GARDENER (Second), under Glass, or JOURNEYMAN in a good Establishment.— Age 25; Ten years' experience, good character. — A. HIBKS, The Gardens, Castle Tower, Wimbledon Common. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. —Age 23; seven years' experience in good piaci 9. Two years' good character from last place.— W. HILL, Mouse- hill Manor, Godalmiug, Surrey. f^ ARDENER (Second), in a good place, lee 28 . abstainer. Great Berkhamp- \JT where three or mure are kept inside. — Age ^8; nbstaii Good references.— II. C, 31, Victoria Road, Gn Btead, H.rts. GARDENER (Second). — Age 23 ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Can be well recom mended; seven years' good character from present situation. G, W., Crawley Down, Sussex. GARDENER (Second), where four are kept. — 10 years' experience, three and a half years' character from last situation.— J. DUBBIN, 10, HartrupStreet.Tonbridge Koad, Maidstone. C^ ARDENER (Second), Inside and Out.— X Age 24 ; nine years' experience. Can be well recom- mended.— E. WALES. The Gardens, Surrenden, Pluckley, Ashford, Kent. GARDENER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN in a good Establishment. — Age 22 ; good character from present and previous employers.— F. WRIGHT, Post-iilice, Shooler"s Hill, S.E. March 1, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 279 Gr ARDENER (Undkb, or Single-handed). Age 24; ten yejr,' experieune.— J. H. AIN'GER. The Vineries, Crossbills, neiir Leeds. ARDENER (Under), Age 20. — Six years' experience m Houses and out. Good character. — W. SLADE, S3. Zeunor Road, Balaam, S.W. ARDENER (Under).— Age 20; strong and willing. Three years' goo-i character. Experienced Inside and Out.— G. BRETT, 29. Spa Hill. Upper Norwood. ARDENER (Under). — Age 23 ; nine years' experience Inside and Out. Two years' in lust situation, and three in previous. Good testimonials. — JOHN LEONARD, Grafton. York. GARDENER (Under). — Age 22 j three years' all round experience. tiooe well recommended,— £, P., Bast A ''ton. ARDENER [Undbe> Ige 28 \ seven years' I NEW- MAN, l (^ ARDENER (Under).— Age 26. ~T t \\»\: e \> ,T~' ex\ > I plai e. n. B.( Tudor Road, Nbrbiton, Surrey, ARDENER (Undek), Inside, or Iiim< < >ut.— Age :'-'; three' years g ■ i presenl E UPTON, l AILIFF and HARDENER. A Qi max wisl I G irdene ■.villi him for i welve years. He hat had I Maoagementof Land, Stock, ind Garden Would I i as either. — T. HEATH, U. 0 re, Henley-on-Tb FOREMAN, in the Ecuiaet. Age 23; nine i. BOWYER, Burhill Park, walton-on-Thamei. ho To Market Gardemers. C'OREMAN. W.ll up in Tomato, Cucumber, Mn- l ■■■ ' ■ Mi.l- IJHDREM AX. -Age 23; good character. Seven yelirV expL-rience ; two veiir* in pr.-.ul situation, W ii i 1 1 . Che B d Park, Basingstoke, Hants. FOREMAN, in g od I tabliihment.— Age 26; elei en . —State particulars to W. BLUNT, Weltbnry House, Hitehin, Herts. FOREMAN, in Market Nursery. Age 30, married; tift Cucumbers, Tomatos, Peaches, Perns, Oul ■ p( lh ,m ] To Head Gardeners. FOREMAN, in- Second, in a good establish- ment, i ""- Simpson, K would be glad to find a I young man as above. Good references ; bothy. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOE (Inside), Age 38; able to pro in , Plants, Cut Flowers, Cucunit, is. T,,m it-is. .-o-. Ten yarn' experience in Lond md Provl W. W., -II. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR and GRO"vi n; fur Market, or otherwise. Twenty years' pxpi Plants and Cul Flowers. — 1.. Ill Ii:,' I Bexley Heath, Kent. POP. EMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROW EE L for Market, or otherwise, drape., C bers, Toma- tos, Plants, and Cul Flowers, In quantity; Early and Late Forcing.— E. S„ Church Street, Bishop Stortford. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER, Cwenty years' experience in Pol Roses, Palms, Fern?, and Soft-wooded stuff for Market; Wreaths, Cn — >, and Furiii-ln.it'. Good Sab-man. W.W.TI.II. .'., S.-ni I Old Dcver Road, Iilacklieath, 8.E. PROPAGATORS and GROWERS. — Two active, energetic young men seek employment us Pro- pagator and Grower re-|,o .tivelv, iii Vustralia, the Cape, or Sew Zealand. Good references.— M. T., 6, Mitre Villas, Richmond, Surrey. To Nurserymen or Florists. OOSE GROWER — Age 39; experienced, At Indoors and Out. Successful 1 ■ r . ■ t ■ ■ ■■ ■ ' Good references.— ,i. c. ii., 89, Lower Glen Vue, DStead, Sussex. OSE GROWER.— Age 35; well up. Seven years' exhibiting in last place. V very -u, . e-sful exhi- bitor. Won t;. CAMPBELL, Bailbrook, Bath. GROWER i.\ss i> iant). — Age 24 ; Soft- wooded and stove Stuff; seven years' experience; Wreaths, Crosses, Skc. Good references.— H. B., Mill Cottage, liurnham, near Uognor. Sussex. JOURNEYMAN (Fibst).— Age 23; Nine t) years' practical experience in good establishments. Good ret., us employers.— For full particulars apply to J. SMITH. The Gardens, High Firs, Karpenden, Herts. J 01 KM'.. MAX (Fihst), in a Gentleman's : eight years' practical experience in Large 1': aracter from present and previous employers.— C. CLAXSON, 61, Lupton Cottages, South Weald, . Essex. JOURNEYMAN iFiumi, in the Houses. Mr. M.i i i ... ,,. i. Xuttield PriOl thoroughly recommend Frederick Peters as above. Has lived undi ntice and Journeyman eight years. \nv Head Gardener requiring , strong, steady, willing man wi't find lib, . above. JOl RNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age i situation, JAMES, The Gardei i n ,,,,,,, ..., i,, „, JOURNE, \l VN, in the Houses. \Kv : irs' experience; two years in pr ii. AMOR, rhe Gardens, Lo ill, Bomsey. Jul RNE1 VI \X. I iide a,,d Oul Vge ' 1 i . H | Dgtoo II .!!. Coventry. JOURNEY M \X. in the Houses. \.ge 21 ; ihall Garden). Catte,, i rOURNEl MAX. \u, 21 ; used to \ ines, 1 ' .1 .,, .'.,,, ii B ,Do J'H l;\IA \l \ V age Jl. Advertiser seeks tion a* ah u e under Foreman Si . , ter fr.iiu preseul and on t i I8TON, Hera a, w ,:■ J' 'i RNE.1 \| \X. in the Houses; agi r borough, and Industrious young ni in. JOURXIA \! \X ige 22; three y, > ell recommendc i ill it. ,\ | i Hart. Ilirr Castle, land. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses, under a fore- i rience. Good charad M. STEEL, .'. Bi ,1,1-.'. , PI . in. , i: , i | JOURX EYMAN, in pood establishment.— Jim K.xiA \| \x, ,,, the Houses, undi r a i - eight yi ire' experience; five ., , i irrey. J "i i;\IA M \X. in the linns,,, \ ,■ ln^'lih' recomi W. ii.. i . i House, ] Road ,, K,'i,i JOURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age :'.-J ; six gears' i tpi ric i C n be w/ mendi I by preu ntand i mployera. J, n \ , E I, 1 1, Gardens, Caversham Park, B JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, iti a good Establishment. -Age 21; abstainer. Excellent character "I and pr.v oils , ui| Livers as ti, al,il Ii,-. - ['lease ■I ite v. , .. . -,. PRESTON, Bodor ■ w Gardens, i JOURNEYMAN, under Glass; ag^ 20.— G. Smith requires sltuati nLarge Garden. Four years' experience in Houses. Ilicln-t cliaracter nn , HOD from RALPH CROSSLIXlI, I'eiiarlh Niirsen,-, South JOURNEYMAN, in good Establisbment.— Age 22; four years' previous, two years' good, character from present situation. Bothy preferred.— (1. HERBERT, The Gardeus, Karl of Londesborough, Coombe Lane, NorbitOD, Surrey. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a t i.'ni leman'fl Garden, tge 20 ; three years' 1 , 1, ,"a, 1 , r. Abstainer.— W. SMITH, Creech, VVareham, Dorset. TMPRO\ ER, iii ( lentleman's I larden, where he -*- could Improve himself Inside and Out.— Age Is. (our years' ami a half g I character.— E. B., East rZoraley, near Leatherhead, Surrey. TMPROVER (Under), in a good Nursery. — X Four years' experience.- For part iculara apply to DUNCAN SMITH, Landscape Gardener, The New Park, Cousctt, •yo MARKET GROWERS.— F. Williams, J- Florist, Devize., r, ,0111111 Is a smart active man for GlaSS; Sgel'4. Ten year-' expenenCBi USed tO I 'u. limbers, Tomatos, &c— J. U., Myrtle House, Golden End. Tonbridge, rrO Nl RSERYMEN. Wanted, Situation in 1 Nursery. Seven years' -,„,.! experience in Budding; also Hose and Tomato Grow ing. an, I routine of General Nursery Work.— It. CAUSON, Fishponds, Bristol. rpo GENTLEMEN.— Wanted, by a steady -L young man (age 19) 0 situation in a Gentleman's Garden liver six years in present situation (a Nursery). 1'sed to Potting, Propagating, Sto, Can be well recommended bj I'l'-.iii employer. B. YVHYMAN. North Street. Oundle. rr O N U R S E RYMEN and FRUIT *- GROWERS.— Situation wanted by a German (age 83), well up m Propagating Hoi and Greenhoi 1 Growing, aud E ERMAN, 97, Shoe Lane, Fleet ton, E.C. T" Q V UDI'.N i;i;s. lV,, granted, by ., Lad ' ' iiiion a, the Garden, where two or three are kept, hull., moot lis' g,,o, I character.— G. G„ .lack wood, Shooter's Hill, S E. TX) GARDENERS, &c. — Wanted, by a 1 "'-!''■' ' ible Lad 1 , -e 18), a situation under n Gardener, 111 a Gentleman's LMaMi -lininil Ca,i lie wall is ,011111,,, 11,!,., I — F. U.. Osmond House, Twyford, Berks. '|M OAlMiENEltS.— A Y'outh (age 17) seeks 1- a situation under a Gardener. Stron-. and ' make himself useful. Twelve i i . i, ,,.,, ,,.r. -W.B., Newton House, Beckenham I me, Shorthuids, Kent. TPO GARDENERS, Advertiser (age L':(),been *- in private and P, O sen ,,,•. .-,•!,« -,ti,,l,.,n under a Gardener, has little knowledge of same ; willing to be gene rally useful at anything. Low wat;,', at -tail I ,. , W. S.W Mil , ,,,. Myddle ;,,:,, I. Iloiai-ey, N. 'To NURSERYMEN, A young Gardener I tuatiou .ii ii u . , i Ni,,-, , , i xporienced in all ' lll'IKI ING, Ublelic Ground Sydenham. To Nurserymen. KXII i:s\| \\. Young; well op in Budding, [ting, Layering, and General Nursery Work. J, \v. . 18, Pomona PI Fulhum S w . 1ABOURER in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age -< 1-- K MIDGLEY, Jowetl II t'a « I liorne, near Ilariisley, Yorks. M To the Trade. ANAGER, or HEAD SHOPMAN.— Fif- >' * teen , In all br hea ol the Crade; well up in the I., n i. I Country Trade, i i to Travelling, i pi Woi i, .'• • i uderi i ind ■ Boo* keeping. \\ ould ga abroad. Highest references. F. C. H., 41, Well ton Street Strand, W 0 QHOPMAN, or MANAGER, Branch Busi- 1 ' iH'-s. \ 98O; thorough experience in all Departments. - ,',,' ',■ in I-. Disengaged soon.— X., Me us NI INN,, vmi.SONS, Soulhwark Street, London. S.R. SHOPMAN (Head), or otherwise, town or country, Lge 84, married; thorough knowledge of the ). w:i\. i . Rouse, 34, Culford Road, Klngsland, N. SHOPMAN (Assistant). — Age 24; eight experience, Good reference. \ . Gardeners* Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. 'I'D FLORISTS, Wanted a situation by a J- young Brian En Q Aral ■ I im Bhop or Nursery ; thoroughly perl a Bouquets, Spi ;nni all out Flower Ai \. i, , B9, Camden Stree , Floral Designs, •nt-claaa refei e Seed Trade. ASSISTANT. Age -I ; 6ve years' experience, —A. E., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, n, Wellington 8 ■', Strand, W.C. SHORTHAND. — A young Man with a good knowledge of Pitman's System seeks a situation where in- could turn it to account. Speed, 80 words per minute, Bfasbee the> r, ii.. !■■ ..s.T.tl years.— PHONO, Gar- I •ironicle Office, ll, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Easy Digestion.— Tlii-i' u.lniiriilil.' 1'ill-t ran not he too highly appi-vi,,! ,-([ tor the wholesome power they exert over all disorders of the stomach, liver, bowels, and kidneys, They Instantaneously relieve and steadily work out a thorough cure, and in its Course dispel headache, hiliouNiiens, Jhitulenee, ami depression i,i nirilM, IM' w Icrlul lo watch i he daily improvemen.1 ol Hi,, complexion, an Uolloway's Pills purify the blood and re-don- ijLuinpne^ to thn fa en which had lost botli ile^h ond mil. ni-. Tin-,.- 1'iiN combine every excellence desirable in t domestic remedy. The most certain and beneficial results (low from tin 'asitmai use of this regulating medicine , even persons In health, or when following sedeutury occupation, will find it an Invaluable aperient. 280 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 1, 1890. k t STANDARD" SEEDS NEW BROCCOLI. SHARPES MONARCH. This fine Broccoli was raised by a Gentleman's gardener in the Midlands, and judging from the reception it has received in the Birming- ham and other important markets, it will, no doubt, become the kind for market purposes, being thoroughly reliable, and producing large, pure white heads ; commanding prices ranging up to ils. per dozen. The flower is well protected by the foliage until ready to cut, when the leaves fall back and expose a magnificent head of from 12 to 15 inches diameter, very firm and clear, of great weight, and entirely free from mossy or discoloured portions. Its season is from the middle of March to the end of April, and we have no hesitation in recommending this as being one of the best Broccoli sent out for years. Price, per Sealed Packet, Is. 6d. P 0 ST-FREE. CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Sleaford, Lincolnshire. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING!!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of (lie latest nost approved class, including tin PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc. ; VENTILATINC CEAR and VALVES. - to Ik- replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular 1! liler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby same may be effected i without the necessity of disturbing the brickwork setting. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, Telegraphic Address - "HOT-WATER, London." Telephone. No. 4763. LONDON I of a few minutes, S.E BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. NO. 75. FRAMES 1-Light, 4 by 0 . . 8 by 6 . . 3 „ 12 by 6 . . 4 „ 16 by 6 . . 5 „ 20 by 6 . . Heat wood. Sashes glazed glass, and painted three coats un> Station in England. l-Light, NO. 74.- FRAMES. bt, 4 by 6 £2 15 (1 8 by G 12 by 6 16 by 6 20 by 6 ..476 ..600 .. 7 12 0 .. '.i 5 0 Best wood. Sashes glazed with 21-iw. English glass, and painted three coats. Carriage] i to any Station in England. CATALOGUES of all onr mamifacti chiding CONSERVATORIES, (iKEENIIorsN.S. FRAMES, BOILERS. HORTICULTURAL IMPLE- MENTS. IRON BUILDINGS. POULTRY and KENNEL KHtil'ISITES, IKON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. BOILERS of all, makes and sizes supplied at the cheapest rates. VA LVES, PIPES, and all FITTINGS in stock. SURVEYS MADE, and every desc HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and ANCES fixed by experienced workine part of the Kingdom. Write for CATALOGUES. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wel};^ Printed by WILLIAM Richards, at the Oil, ,( Messrs. Bradbury. AuN,:w. & Co., Lombard Street, Hrecnict ot Whitefnars, Citv of London, m the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. l|?aul's, Covent Garden, i lid County.— Saturday, March 1, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established j84i/ No. 167.— Yol. vii. (££] Saturday, march s, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper. ! 'D,^ICE 3c CONTENTS. Alpine Gnnlen ... ic Apple Nanny i walh) and i pots I - nursery Itulbous pUnl. ... Ban .V Soil'l DUTM ry Berlin exhil ; htlinii cotec Cutilleja ChrysantJ Clsxnatls, the Bpidendram radicans ... Eooharii Floriste' ftoweo) Flower gardeo, the Fritillar i Gardeners' ■ > phan Fund ., problem, ■ Hunly fruit trees, rvnovu- Moa || ind clay ft rl ous border [rises, curing-flowering . Joe flowei ... ... K itehen garden ' I utture of Low, H. ft Co.' Murk-t trade M.Minill;. Oiirtiiii Uereworth Caaile gar- dens Hontbretla Pottsii Mushroom-house, a cheap Obituary : — M.iy. Joaepb ... i esum, culture at Orch i h usee Orchitis, gigantic ,, nomenclature of ... Mtrcolokua Phoenix rupicola Plants and their culture 1 L ... Saxifrage ligulata nursery ■ Bortlcul- tnral Strawben i . linking is, H. ft Bon's, nursery Xylobium Oolleyi Cuttleya Bkinne QrammatophyUum »pw to»u Kris Bakerlana .. Bon miilleri : i Pottsii, comi of Illustrations. I laanjof Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances u state m-, can any particular position be Guaranteed for ad- vertitementi occupyiny less space than an entire column. Now ready, in clotb, lis. 6d. rTHE GA RDENERS1 CHRONICLE, 1 Vol. VI., Third Series, JUL* to DEO., 1889. W. RICHARDS, n, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. t\ 1 II /•; 0 A R J) E N B n Sl c II 22 0 A' ICL E J. IN AMKRICA. The Bubsoripl to Lnuvica, including Postage, is 14.30 for Twelve M Ageni for America i B. H. UBBY, Manager, "The American Gur.i.u, " io, Spruce Street, Mew York, to whom American i rnlcri mn> tV mmi! . O Y A L AQUARIUM FLOWER snows. FIRST SPRING EXHIBITION— WEDNESDAY aid THURSDAY, M in b 13 and 13. Bcbedulea for th. whole Series ol Show. aovt ready, and run >■ be bad Ires on ap] wn.t.i i\i imi.Mi j, i nmpton I ':■ r k Nurseries, Hackney, London, N.E. Bath BULB SHOW, M \i;rn i!t«„,i ■;>. Entm- close March 14. For >'r./.- Schedules, \--.. apply to It. It. F. PEARSON, and W. JEFFERY, Joint Secretaries, 8, Northumberland Buildings, Bath, BADING HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. Bchednle tor 189 iw ready. pHREE HUNDRED POUNDS in FRIZES. W. SMITH, Secretary, 97, London Street, Ri C'OR SALE, GARDENER8' CHRONICLE, JL in good condition, from January i. 1887, to December 88, 1889. Apply to 3. C. H., Merlon Hall, Thetford. I. G kRDENERS' CHRONICLE, rompl.-tf s.-ts, od i rotumi i, between 187 i.odd bt reand red pi itea, wan i ED TO BUY. Addreis, O. MILLF.K, 31, Bedford Place, W C. SUTTON'S KXI1II1ITION BRUSSELS SPROl rs I splendid variety which, for the ei i ll. Large solid sprouts, of ili'lioous llnvonr, . kind. Mr. J. WILLI i.M<, Gardener to Col M i i iui I thib I on Brussels Bprouta nr.- the beat I nave ever grown, not only large, but I K'oyl flavoured." Price ol a I, Is, Pd. \- po.t-fr. e, QUTTON'S SEEDS genuinb only direct i Seedsmen, READING. UCHIDS. — The largest Stock of good heail i tnta in EurojH'. laany beautflu.' things always in fl on i- invited. IM Bl 1. 1.. F.L.8., Establishment lor New and lt,r.. Plants, :• ■••. King's Bo n, s.w. pLI BRAN'S DWARF H.P. ROSES.— Always v^ grow well: roots bei I. Nan I M.rt.. in |..t., 18s, per don c at ali C'LIHRAN. Qldfield Nur-Mry, AJtrincham and U ... he h r. THORNS, Ql ICKS, Great Reduction.— 12 to to 3 fi •■ tin IBS UITI HELL, Mur* ryman, Btraoraer. SI i: \\\ BERR5 l:i wi:i:s for oasfa with r, Puton, ; Bd per 100 . ll. p.-r 100. D ige paid. H. BINN8 r Belgate. EMXTATOS and GARDEN SEEDS.— All th.- 1 t«-st kinds, In Larf r Small QuantlUe. Immense »t<«k oi Garden 8 Is at very Low in \ M irkel Qrowers wiU «lo well to connult our Ifraeol HARRISON .' Ml SSRS. GREGORY am, EVA NS, Nt ti- 1 in mi n. 8 . 98S, 287. 2M. Flower Mnrk.-t. Oovant 'oir.l London, w O., nrr open to REOEII S OON8IONHRNT8 ol 01 I I i FLOWERS in an] tor their Onmmiamion Department. Bozeaand Lji1.»-Ih lupplled. Telegraphic Address ■• COMMISSION, SLDOUP. W. B A R N H A M (late of Squelch & • Barnl I REOEIVES ON COMMISSION, QRAPES, TOW LI 08, indi ther Oh FRI ITS; also FLOWERS, Hll I ng highest Miirk.-t Prioea. acoounl i and i heques at opt Ion, Baskets and labels round. Loiik Marki i. Covi at Garden, W.C. c •i I FLOWERS and Choioe FRI lis RlWiv.-.l mill ' ..ion ilmly „t the I .mill Garden oi the North, by VV.M. m LMAN, Produce Ami r. Ni ivoaatl. on-Tyne. Telegraphic Address -" mi. man, Newoastle-on-Tyne." CHOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cuflh. HENRY KIIIK.S, Corent liunlen, W.C. WANTED. TRADE PRICES of PALMS, nit vi ■ EXAS, CORD1 LINES, FERNS, ■'■ ■ . In i. pots, carriage paid. J. SCOTT, Plantain Florist, 119, D gall Btreet, I ANTED, DRAC/ENAS, for propagating. v arletles, length ol stem, and price to W.M. SMITH, Nurseryman, Kingwooi I, Bristol. WANTED, TO PURCHASE, Urge Plants ■ ir conservator} i mil, ll vs. ni LMiEROPS I M I LS v. ARAL IA Nil BOLD1 : also SIKKLM RHODODENDRONS. Particulars to— 0. OOLDSMTTH, Lconardslee, Horsham. WANTED,a TREE FERN, from :S to (i f.-.-t high. State part i< ulars to — JUS. BARCLAY, Oardeuer, The Garden, Buenn Vista 31, Alex Road South, Manchesti r. WA NTED, 6000 .M CJSS L E P 1. 1: M TODDINUTON ORCHARD* CO., Winchcomb. Now Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTERand CO. have one of thi» largest and moat perfect stocks in the country. For full r's beautifully Illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers, Royal S Ismeu i.v s...it,.,i vv ,n ,„i-. i ... n iio> iii.iii, i.oM.,.1, w r. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY. Awardod Four Medals. S I saved from Prite Plants, [n beauti fully illustrated Packets, ehoi tixed, Single or Double id . nnil S.<. |»'r p:i. k.-t. t'olli.iioii. ., , : varieties, separate, is, ft.; , per dor. ; Dnnamed Seedlings, 12j. to -'is. perdox.; Bedding, chofoest, St. and 9s. per doz. ; o ■ ■ Named Doublesfrom 13s. pi-r dos.; Unnamed, very choice, Ms, and 80s. p.'r doz.; ohoioest Mixed, los.'perdoz, Order direcl From us, to prooure our splendid itrain, ri i' LLOGIIES gratis, JOHN LAING mi SONS, Begonia Growers, Foreal Hill, S.K, EX T R a L A l; ti E r A L M S for Winter Gardens, fto, 36 si: villi:! in v i LEG v\s. Hi ARECA LUTEA and A. ItAUEKII, 10 kin i i.v BELMOREANA, in .. FOSTERIANA, 30 oh us Kit Mi is.v ,,i„i PLUMOSA, &0, Also a very Ane seleotion ol 1 1 bove varietiet 10 f.'i't high, in the most perfect condition tor purposes, vv hi PON, Putnej Pork Lane, S W. BAKU'S Desoriptive LIST of VEOETABlji mi i i.nM i R SEEDS, free. Full of useful information. ELECTIONS of VEGE1 viu.10 SEEDS, 12s. Id., -'is.. 31». 0d., SELEl [TONS ol FLOWER SEEDS, Is. On"., St. 6d., 6s. 8a\, ft. W„ I0». Od , i ■ . i . hi i upwards. il s, ll\ VIIN I 111 S I'lN ANS, i i LOENS, &o., for Spring Planting. Desoriptive LIST free on application, BABE mi sun. \j and 18, King Street, Covenl Garden, W.O. ALIETZE, Rio de Janeiro, PALM SEEDS, • ORCHIDS, NEW 0ALADH MS Apply for OATA- LOOUE i" Mi in LDOLPH v, ESSEN am. CO., 78, ilr. Belohenstrasae, Hamburg, Gonmany. r>AI..MS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many ilsat, Kri'ii qaantltleB, and In i it beolth. KRANt'ls R, KlMiiioKN, Nurseryman, Kiihmonil.Su .ml Flower Market, Covet From i i liigh, with many leaves. from li Io .,,.„.,,, "■n 1)1 IO {i R B E N B lJ() N v M " s. if\l^\nr\J „|| good shape, h Inohes to :i feet high, 15s. u> jClu per 100, fr in rail, ,i. J. CLARK, Goldstons Farm, Brighton. | ( || I Strontj I l.iMi'iniK Manly II ERISA Ul'iOUS ■ " "* " PLANTS in iifiv distinct sorts, Iree lot 12s 6d„ purohaser's selection ; I i rts, 90s, i iriptlveLIST fr...-. True to ni Cat n.iit1- paid, n. DOBBIE, Florist, Frettlngham, Norwich. To the Trade. WHOLESALE SEED CATALOGUE for I89U.— Wo have now published our Catalogue of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, containing also nil the best Novelties ol theses May be had on application. Anyol our . ii ItOmerS not liavinir r. • in ...I oil.' I iy post will ohligii by letting in know, whe mther shall atones be posted. wai'kins ANt, si.mpsiin. s i and Bulb Merchants, l.n.l.r Sir..- 1, Slriinil. I VV I I. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in ai-inoh IKitH, for imiii.' Ii.li- I'IhiiI inK. or Potting On for Forcing. Send i..r i.IST. FRANCIS II. KINOMOHN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. To Market Growers. QELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and O FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General Seed CATALOGUE, it L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwloh, Kent, 'THOMSON'S IMPROVED V1N Kami I'LANT JL MANURE, This valuable Manun Kv.-ry l.njr nuil I in Iui r n mi.- and Seedsmen, and direct from as, i owt, and over corriogi paid. London Agent— Mr, GEORGE, 10, VlctorlaBoad, Putney W.M. THOMSON 1NU SONS, Clovenfor.li, Galashiels, N.U. 282 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 8, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday Next. ROSES, HARDY PLANTS, FANCY FLOWER POTS, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 12, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely, Pyramid, Standard and Dwarf- trained FRUIT TREES, "lino choice named Standard, Half- standard and Dwarf ROSES, including many of the newest ami best sorts of Hybrid Perpetuals. Teas and others from French and English Growers; SHRUBS and CONIFERS. CARNATIONS. PINKS. HOLLYHOCKS, and many other HORDER PLANTS. PEARL TUBEROSES, LILIUM AURA- TUM i also about 20 pairs of Fancy VASES and FLOWER POTS, suitable for Conservatories, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. ME. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT. March 13. at half- past 12 o'Clock precisely, a fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in Flower aud Bud, comprising choice Cypripedium9, Ccelogyne cristata maxima and cristata Chatsworth variety; Dendrobium Ainsworihii, Wardianum, Jamesiauum, grand varieties, and nobile nobilis ; Aerides. Epidendrums. &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday next. 10,000 GRAND BULBS of LILIUM AURATUM from Japan. PEARL TUBEROSES, TIORIDIAS. and scarce LILIES from America. LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS. &c. \\\l. J. C. STEVENS will include the abov e 1'JL in his Street, C March 1.'). On i ; of Sale, aud Catalogues had. Monday Next. 2000 LILIUM AURATUM. iucludiug several lots of Bulbs; also LILIUM KRAMERI, SPECIOSUM, and others, from Japan; a large assortment of English-grown LILIES and Hardy BULBS, TUBEROSES, GLADIOLI'S, TIGRIDIAS, BEGONIAS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 07 and 08. Cheap,ide. E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, March 10, at half-past 12 o'clock. ( hi view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Romford.— Expiration of Lease. ABSOLUTE CLEARANCE SALE, bv order of Mr. F. H. Spackman. MKSSUS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, the Nurseries.Rom- ford. Essex, about ten minutes' walk from the station, on MON- DAY, March 10. the whole of the NURSERY STOCK, including 900 Standard and Dwarf Roses, 1600 Red and Black Currants, 500 Poplars and Thorns, &c, the whole of the Greenhouse Plants, Rosea in puts. Ferns. Azaleas, Camellias, the erections of four ► Greenhouses and Pits, Hot-water Piping, Boilers, and other effects. May In- viewed one week prior to the Sale. Catalogues had ou the premises, at tin- Essex Times Office, Romford, and of the Auctioneers, 67 anil 68 Cheapside, London, E.C. Tuesday Next. 400 Standard. Half-standard, Dwarf aud Climbing ROSKS, CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS, CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES, RHODODENDRONS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT, March 11, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 »nd 68, Cheapside, E.C. 10,000 Baskets and Hampers. Absolute Sale Important to Florists and Others. The Entire Stock of BASKETS, manufactured by Messrs. R. & J. Pullman (of Greek Street, Soho Square), at their Paris Factory, the Lease of which is Expiring. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 aud 68, Cheapside, Loudon. E.C, on TUESDAY, March 11. at half-past 12 o'Clock, positively without tlieslightest reserve, about 10,0110 BASKETS and HAMPERS, in various sizes, madein white and brown Osier. A great portion will be fouud useful for packing purposes. Samples will be ou view the day prior and morning of Sale. Catali goes of the Auctioneers on application. Wednesday Next. 2000 LILIUM AURATUM. 500 LILIUM KRAMERI, 600 LILIUM ALBUM KR03TZERI, and 500 SPECIOSUM RUBRUM, from J pan; 1500 American Pearl TUBE- ROSES, 1000 BEGONIAS, 2000 choice mixed Hybrid GLADIOLI, a large assortment of various LILIES, Japanese Tr.e P.EoNIES and IRIS, from Mr. Gordon; standard Roses, about 300 named CARNATIONS from a first-class grower. Greenhouse and Stove FERN'S, PALMS and other DECORATIVE PLANTS. 15o AZALEA .MOLLIS, 45,000 COCOS WI'.HHELLIANA, Seeds just received, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above hi' AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 07 and us, Cheapside. London, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 12, at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morningof Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 45,000 COCOS WEDDELLIANA SEEDS, just received. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the abovE in their SALE on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 12. On view momoig of Sale, and Catalogues had. M1 Friday Next.-Establlshed Orchids. MESSRS PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 aud 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 14, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, about 500 lots of various Established ORCHIDS, different PROPERTIES. Also several fine specimen LAPAGERIAS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, March 20. Sale of NURSERY STOCK aud GREENHOUSE PLANTS ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS cire to announce that their NEXT SALE will take place as above, for which they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Friday. March 21. From Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. CATTLE Y A IMPERIALIS and others. Specially fine Importation, enormous masses. MESSRS. PROTHEROE axi. MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 1.-8, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY, March 21, at half-past 12 o'clock, a specially grand importa- tion from Roezl's old locality, the Atrato River, whence came the superb varieties of years ago. The present consignment has been sent by one of our oldest collectors, Mr. Bartholemus, and the plants have arrived in superb order, with grand leaves and bulbs, and line dormant eyes. CATTLEYA IMPERIALIS is absolutely one of the finest of the whole genus In the lot now offered there are masses with 300 pseudobulb-t, and many well- leaved, handsome, model specimeus. that hive the appearance of splendid established plants. There is altogether a distinctiveness about the plauts now offered which should induce Orchid lovers to speculate, as something new will cer- tainly turn up among them, and we recommend buyers to carefully inspect the plants offered, as we believe many of the specimens are aureas, or a type of that magnificent Cattleya. We have now imported Cattleyas for twenty years, but have seldom seen such pictures of plants as many now offered. We spent a large sum of money in getting the consignment of this the finest Cattleya in the section. It is absolutely a fact that the white Gigas came from the same locality. (See last number of Reichenbachia.) On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Frog Hall Nursery, Enfield Road, Southgate. Within u short distance of New Burnet aud Oakleigh Park Stations, G.N.R. MESSRS. HARLAND and SON will SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises as above, on TUES- DAY, March 18. 1SH0, at 1 for 2 o'Clock, 1000 well-grown NAMED ROSES, in pots; S00 healthy WINDOW PLANTS, consisting of the best varieties for market purposes ; lo.dOO Strong MANETTA STOCKS, 1000 Red and White CURRANT TREES. Good plants of the very best sorts. May be viewed by applying to Mr. GRAY, upon the Premises, of whom Catalogue-* may be had. Catalogues also at the usual Inns in the neighbourhood ; and of the Auctioneers, Haruet, N. To Nurserymen and Florists. BUSINESSES FOR DISPOSAL in all parts. Choice position, Kent; Incoming by valuation. Freehold Nursery, Sussex, price £if>o. Midland Counties, rare opportunity, price £500. Several others. Particulars sent on application to A. W. WARREN, Horticultural ValuerandBusinessTransfer Agent, 59, West Street, Brighton. FOR SALE. ABOUT 3 ACRES of FREEHOLD LAND, SUITABLE FOR A NURSERY. With about 16,000 super, feet of Glasshouses recently erected thereon. Also two Blocks containing four Cottages. Situated 20 Miles south of London. For particulars apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Cheapside, London, E.C. rPO BE SOLD, FREEHOLD NURSERY and -L SEED BUSINESS, ti acres of Land, splendid Stock, good Trade, Country. For particulars, apply by letter to WARREN, 2, Lyncombe Place, Bath. To Market Gardeners and Others. TO BE SOLD, with Present Possession, a ROOT CROP of 2 Acres 5 Perches of RHUBARB. adjoining the Holborn Estate Almshouses, at Tooting. Tenders for the same to be sent, on or before MONDAY, March 24th instant, to the CLEKK of the HOLBORN ESTATE CHARITY, 16, Houghtuu Street, Strand, W.C. FLORIST BUSINESS for SALE. Excellent couuection and position in the West End. Low Terms. Apply, BURN and GALLOWAY, Solicitors, 50, Gresham Street. London, E.C. The Ivies. Wlnchmore Hill. Situated on the northern height* of London. COMPLETE and COMMODIOUS DE- TACHED RESIDENCE for small family. On two floors, comprising six Bedrooms, two Dressing-rooms, Bath-room, heated Linen-room, Box-rooms, Draw ing-rooni with Verandah, large Dining-room, Library. Pantries. Kitchens. Larders. Wine Cellars, &e. Double Stabling. Coach-house, Harness- room, Wash-house, and Sheds, with Coachman's or Gardener's Cottage, and well-paved Yard. Hot and Cold Water, and Gas 1 lid on everywhere, with numerous Hydrants for Garden and House in case of tire. Whole premises in perfect condition and repair. Delightful Garden, 1^ acres, beautifully laid out, with five Glass-houses, many frames economically worked by one Boiler, with duplicate if needed. 9 acres of Meadow, tine Tennis Lawn, Kitchen Garden, Cowshed, and Pond. Half a mile from G. N. R. station, half an hour from Broad Street or Moorgate Street. Sixteen years lease. TO BE DISPOSED OF. Rent £120 ; 9 acres, £20 per annum. Reasonable premium required. Photos at 80, Cheapside (Messrs. DKBENHAM), and at S, Pall Mall east, S.W. (Messrs. r.AMPTON). TO BE LET or SOLD, Aylestone, near Leicester, a valuable and most eligible FREEHOLD and FLORIST'S NURSERY, consisting of a well-built Bay-win- dowed Villa Residence, 7 large Greenhouses, and a good Garden well-stocked with Fruit Trees, having a river frontage, and situated 2 miles from Leicester on the main road to Lutter- worth, known as Aylestone Park. Rent £60 per annum. No stock. Trams pass the door every 10 minutes. Apply to S. WALKER, Aylestoue Park ; or HARRISON ami SONS, Seed Merchants, Leicester. London, S.E. TO BE LET, or Freehold SOLD, an old estab- lished (22 years) NURSERY BUSINESS near Putney. About an acre of Ground, capital frontage Dwelling House, Stabling, Couch House, Sheds, &e.,andabont 12000 feet of Glass. The whole is in substantial repair and forms one of the most compact properties which can be found uear London. Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67. Cheapside. London, E.C; TANSLEY WITT, 40. Chancery Lane, London, W.C. O LET, 6 VINERIES, containing 310 Vines, 2 Cucumber houses, planted ; comfortable Dwelling House. Useful stock of Plauts for Cut Flowers. Incoming moderate. POMONA, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Ponder's End. Middlesex (8} Miles from London). H^O BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and JL Arable LAND, on Lease, for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £8 to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. and G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder'a End, Middlesex, HTO BE LET, the Old-established NURSERY -L BUSINESS, carried on by Riders' for over sixty years. Well stocked with saleable Ntir.-ery Stuff. Illness cause of leaving. For price and particulars apply to RIDER BROS., Heath Nurseries, Moortown, Leeds. A GENTS WANTED, for the SALE of XI NATIVE GUANO. The Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden use.- Address. THE NATIVE GUANO COMPANY (Limited), 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are offering a fine lot of newly imported Dendrobium Wardia- num Lowii, 1). Brynierianum (true long-bulbed variety), and many other tine Dendrobes and Orchids, aUo an immense vto:k of Established Orchids. LISTS with Prices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. EW ZEALAND SEEDS.— In collections, 12 species in each : — No. 1, Tree and Dwarf FERNS, 5s. No. 2, ALPINE PLANTS, 5s. No. 3. TREES and SHRUBS. 5s. No. 4, Filmy FERNS and LYCOPODS, 6s. No. 5, ORCHIDS and CARNIVOROUS PLANTS, 5s. No. 6, VERONICAS, 5.. No. 7. NORTH ISLAND PLANTS (tender), 5s. No. 8. CONIiERS and TAXADS, 5s. Dried FERNS. LYCOPODS. and Alpine MOSSES, 6(1. each. Living Native PLANTS and FERNS, 3os. per dozen. Free by Parcel Post. Detailed CATALOGUES, price 6er 100. LATANIA, 60'a, 50*. per luu ; ditto, thumbs, 20s. per 100. PH'KNTX RPFICOLA, twoand three leaves. 45s. per 100; ditto, 8ANDERII. iSo'i. -n leaves, 7."'.. Tier 100. good stuff. SEAF0RTH2A ELEGANS. 80*8. ea leaves, 1- inches, 50s. per li.O; ditto, thumbs, three leaves, 1 _' iachfes, 1.1K. pel 100. < {notations given on application (or larger sized Palms, WILLIAM I0ETON. Nurseryman and Florist, Putney Park Lane, Putney, S.W. Telegrams— Roehan, EORGE COOPER, Seedsman, Bedford. Special offer. 'I • BEANS, Dwarf French, Ne Plus Ultra ... 16s. Od. per bushel. „ .. Canadian Wonder 13*. Od. ! ly Longpod 5s. Od. „ PEAS. Leicester Defiance 10*. Od. Plus Ultra 12s. 0d. BEET, Nuttings, Dwarf Red, improved... It. Od. per lb. CARROT, . I. mi.-- Scarlet, Intermediate... 56*. Od. per cwt. .. St. Valery 70s. Od. 1 h uitenay 75s. Od. ., onion. 1: mpion 5s. Od. per lb. .. silier -k. 11. for pickling 2s. Od. ,, PARSNIP. Improved Hollow Crown ... 32*. Od. per cwt. „ „ Elcombe's 35*. Od. The Best Present for a Gardener. \ r I N E S and V I N E CULTUR E. T The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Qrapet and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price St., post-free 5*. $d. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswfek. J.E To the Trade. MANGEL WUR/EL mil TURNIP SEEDS. Hani. I". SHARPE will be pleased to • give S; i.,l Quotations tor all the leading kinds of MANGEL WDRZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the Bnest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans i e very Ins this Seed Growing Establishment, Vr'lsbeoh. DIXON'S "PRESIDENT CARNOT " BRUSSELS SI'Rol'TS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per packet, toraeasoa 1800. The following testimonial ome of many similar) has been reeeiveil from — Mr. Gfokgk Summers, Gardner to the Earl of Scarbrough :— " IiKut SIR, — I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprout - by the Si le of several 01 le-r well known varieties, and me to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best van. ly grown." London Wholesale Agents :— HTJE3T AM) SON-. 153, llonnds- 111 I . COOPER, TABER and CO. (Limited), DO. South- wnrk street. Borough, S.E. JOHN BTHEBLNGTON DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23. Lord Street, Gainsborough. Special Cheap Offer. TSAAC MATTHEWS am. SON'S have to J- offer 100.000 very fine plants of BHODODENDRON to: Cunningham's White. Jscksonii, Caucasians pit tumi PONTIOtJM RHODODENDRON, from :: to 6 Inches, and t. sizes up to 4 feet, about 000,000; Seedling Hybrids, in sizes from 4 to 6 inches to .'i feet, about 1 HOLLIES. Common LAURELS. Portugal LAURELS, Engh-1. TEWS, CUPRESSUS RKTINOSPORA, AZALEAS, ing 4-yr. and 5-yr. THORN QUICK. lor prices and particulars apply to the Nurseries, Milton and Wet l.y Moor, Stoke on-Trent. OREST TREES.— Ash, 1 to 2 feet, 12s. (id. per 1000; do., 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000; Beech, 1} foot, 14s. per 1000; 2teet. 16s. : 2} feet, 7s. Od . ; 2} to.-', feet. 20*. j 3 to 4 fe.t, SM. per 1000; Horse Chestnuts, Ij to 2 feet, 18s. per 1000; ' l.estnuts, 1} to 2 feet. 17s. per 1000; 3 to 3} feet, 22s. I; Larch. IS to 24 inches, 16s. per 1000; 2 feet, 20s. per 1 ; Spruce lir, 1 tolj feet, 12s. per 1000 ; 1J to 2 feet, 13s.; 2} feet, 16s. per 1000; Haiels, If to 2 feet, 20s. per 1000; i riaca. 2-yr., 2-yr. transplanted, 14s. per 1000; Syca- more. 1 to 2 feet, 12s. per 100O; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000; 7 to 8 feet. 10s. per 100 ; Wych Elm. 4 to 6 feet, 4i. per 10O. GAKLIES MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. THE BEST CUCUMBER. CARTERS' MODEL Continues to be Invincible AND WINS FIRST PRIZES IN ALL IMPORTANT CONTESTS. 237 238 Price, In Sealed Packets, 2 6 and 3 6, post-free. ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANT, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. BARNES' RELIABLE SEEDS. Before obtaining your supply of Seeds for the season send for BARNES' DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. Gratis and Posl free. Save 15 to 25 per Cent, by purchasing Bust QUALITY Only. J. E. BARNES. Seed-grower and Seedsman, Exchange Street, Norwich. SH.ECT VEGETABLE & Flower SEEDS Seed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. Best Qualities Only. Prices most Moderate Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post, Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370 Post Free on application. DlCKSONSNErta0t.sh*m!e„td Chester. NEW SEED OF CLIANTHUS DAMPiERI (STURT'S DESERT PEA Of AUSTRALIA). //; Trade Packets, 5s. each, Font-free. B] inl Price for larger quantities, E. & W. HACKEIT, Seedsmen, 73, RDNDLB STREET, 1DELALDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. FARM ROOT SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE & CO. WILL SEND SPECIAL QUOTATIONS DP III Kill HOME-CROWN FARM SEEDS ON APPLICATION. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. THE THIRD ELECTION of TEN CHILDREN To the Beneat of this Fund, Consisting of an allowance of 5s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule XIII.), will take pi ice on FRIDAY, July 18th next, at the Canuon Street Hotel, London. E.C. All applications roust he made ou a proper Priuted Form, Copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Sui-h Form must be correctly filled up. duly signed, and returned to this Office not later than WEDNESDAY, April 23. A. F. BARRON. Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens. Chiswfek, S.W. rrHE BRITISH FRUIT GROWERS' -L ASSOCIATION. Prksident— LORD BROOKE, M.P. Conferences have been arranged to be held during 1890 at Leicester, Brighton, the Crystal Palace, and the Royal Aquirium. Committee meetiugs will be held monthly in the Horticultural Club Room. Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street. S.W— Programmes and all particulars can be had, post-free. from the Hon. Secretarv, Mr. LEWIS CASTLE, HliTHAM HOUSE, Merton, Surrev'. I) AILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT. Bid l.'ueeuborough, Flushing, Kul- denkirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Auslro-HuDgarian 1'osts, is specially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants. Bulbs, &c. No Certificate required for Germany. Taiiff' freeon application. Goods al-o accepted for Convevance to Petite mid Grande I'Uesse. BEST, RiLEY' ixu CO., 88, Bishopsgate Street, Loudou, E.C. Receiving Ollice at Holboru Viaduct Station. SPECIMEN CdXIFER.E and other ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS. ABIES DOUOLASII, 0 to - !'•• t, .. CANADENSIS, S tofif.-ot. ARAUCARIA IMBRICATA, s to 10 feet. CEDAR ATLANTICA, 3 to t> feet. „ LEBANON, 4 lo* f... I, .. DE(lllAK\. li to N feet. LAUREL LATI FOLIA. 5 to 6 feet. .. 1'ilRTCGALs. .S to J feet. PICEA NORDMANNIANA, 3, 4 5, 6 feet. .. Niimi.is. s to a feet. PINTS AUSTRIACA, 4 to6f.it. .. EXCELSA. 4 too feet. YEWS, English, 3 toSfeet. HOLLIES. English. 6 to 8 feet. Also thousands of smaller Specimen NURSERY STOCK, as Laurels latifolla, rotundif.l . lau.-.-inuii, Portugals. Ber- beria Darwinii, Stooophjlla faponiea, Copressus Lawsonii, I erectas, Pinus austriaca, English Yens, Hollies, Retiuosponui, Auoubas, Named Khododendroos, Sec. The above are all t ransplaiit.-.l .-wry other year, will remove balls, and travel any distance. Through trucks t r .in t .i mi ngton to all railway stations. Inspect ion i n v i t.d and price on application. 1 Rl HERIl K PI RKINS, N„r„ ryman. Leamington. JOSIAH H. BATH offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf Vicar of Laleham Rivers' Royal do. Fortyfold Myatt's Prolific do. Imperator Snowdrop Kidney Magnum lloi.um White El.). bant Early Rose Beauty of Hebron Regent Bnownake Schoolmaster And other lending varieties. Prices on application to — 1. Y'ork Street, Borough Market, S.E. R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful • BEO0NIAS. The besl Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions. s..|,( free on a|.j.ln at n ai . Iteaouias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double nn. I S n .-].■ B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Y'eovil Nurseries, Y'eovil, Somerset. OT \ \ DARI) ROSES. — W. RUMSEY can O still supply fine Ilora.- Krow" Standard ami Ha If- standard ROSES. Priced DetcriptTre CATALOGUE frte. Trade pricefl uu application. — Joyn.ng's Nurseries, Waltham " Now la the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boarda, Builders, and others who intend planting fchlfl BeaaOn, to his lar^e and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOfiEST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in line condition for removal, ana having been grown in the vicinity of Loodon, are especially adapted for town and strert plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inapeotfoi] of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES freeon application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. CHARMING HARDY FLOWERS. — For plenty of bloom plant Antirrhinums, Pentstemons, Phloxes, all named sorts, 3s. #d. per dozen. OLD FASHIONED FAVOURITES.— Fine Seedling Auriculas, -is. per doz. Polyanthus, 15. pec doz. ; 5s. per 100. Primrose, splendid strain, all colours, Is. per do/. ; bs. per 100. New LIST, 150 pages, three stamps. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincharn and Manchester. / ilIRYSANTHEMUMS, strong and weli \J rooted, now ready, Us. tic/, per dozen, 16s. per 100; cutr- tings, Is. 6d, per dozen, 10s. per luu. Price of new Borts, &c, see CATALOGUE, two sUmps, of W. ETHERINUTON Chrysanthemum Grower, Swauscombe, Kent. 284 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1890. Special Cheap Offer. WILLIAM BARRON and SON, Landscape Gardeners and Nurserymen, offer the following special bargains : — NAMED RHODODENDRONS, all the best varieties grown in loam, fine healthy plants, 1J to 2 feet bigh, most kinds well set with bloom hud,' 27s. per doz., £i+per 100. ABIES MENZfESI, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 7 to S feet, extra transplanted, 40s. per dozen. „ ,, ERECTA VIRIDIS. 1£ to 2 feet. 30s. per 100. ,, ., GRACILIS PENDUIA (the finest form of a green Lawsoniana), 4 to 5 feet, 21s. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 1 to lj feet, 30s. per 100; 1J to 2 feet, 40s. per 100. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 1 to 1J feet, 20s. per 1000; 1J to 2 feet, 30s. per 1000. „ LARICIO, 9 to 12 inch., 35s. per 1000; 12 to 15 inch., 45s. per 1000. FOREST TREES and QUICKS of all sizes, very cheap. The finest Collection of Hardy EVERGREEN TREES in the Midland Counties. Plans and Estimates furnished for the Improvement of Public and Private Parks or Gardens. Descriptive CATALOGUES on application. Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby. f^St* TTARDY CLIMBERS, to Cover 'A<*9 J_X Trellises. Walls, Rockeries. &c. — 12 finest Clematis, 10s. id. ; 12 variegated and other lovely Ivies, 9s.; Ampalopsis, of sorts, Jasmines, Honeysuckles, 9 «., Is., and Is. id. each; Climbing Roses, 6s. per dozen. New LIST, 150 prices, three stamps. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham and Manchester. rFHE BIG SA J- Embraces General Nur.ery Stock. RHODODENDRONS, Standards and Dwarfs. AZALEAS. Named and others. ANDROMEDA FLORIBUNDA. ERICA CARNEA or HERBACEA. A few fine Trained FRUIT TREES. Hardy EVERGREENS of most kinds. Requirements are solicited. As Everything is Offered at a Reduction. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. L E M GRAND NEW COLEUS, '• DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fne new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. id. each (ready in May). Postand package free for Cash with Order only. Sentout by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. L ILIUM AURATUM, specially fine consignment to hand from Japan, 9 inches round. Ss. per dozen, 40s. per 100; 10 inches round. 7s. id. per dozen, 50s. per 100; 11 inches round, splendid bulbs. 10s. per dozen. LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM RUBRUM, extra fine, lis. and 9s. doz. GLADIOLUS BRENCHLEYENSIS, Scarlet, 3s. id. per 100. Cash with order. Package free. Orders over 20s. carriage paid. J. AND R. THYNE, 83, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. ACROZAMIA DENISONII, ALOCASIAS, CROTONS, and other Foliaged Plants, Also large FERNS. TO BE SOLD FOR WANT OF ROOM. Can be seen any time. C. ROSS. Welford Park, Newbury. To the Trade. GOLDEN GEM CALCEOLARIAS, 5*. per 100, 40s. per 1000. W. P. Milner CARNATION, in 3-inch pots, 40s. per 100. Old Crimson CL( )VE, in 3 -inch pots, 20s. per 100. CHRYSANTHEMUM Souv. d'un Ami, in 3-inch pots, 20s. per 100 ; Mdme. Desgrange (rooted cuttings), 10s. per 100. GERANIUM Hy. Jacoby (cuttings), 5s. per 100. HARRISONS MUSK, stock plants, 4s. per dozen, 25s. per 100. G. HOLMES, Haxby Road, York. POTATOS " Bedfordshire-grown " POTATO^ Highly recommended to all " who require change of seed." Special cash offer :— Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf. Sutton's Abundance. Beauty of Hebron, New Early Monarch, School- master, Sutton's Early Regents, White Elephants, Reading Russetts. Early Rose, Imperators (large), and Vicar of Laleham, all at £3 10s. per ton, 4s. id. per cwt. Magnum Booum, •' Sutton's," 50s. per ton, 3s. per cwt. Free delivery on to rail (Great. Northern Railway). Bags included for cash with orders. — FREDK. GEE, Riverford House. Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. (Please name this journal when ordering.) STANDARDS11 varies1011 ROSES. Special Prices, with CATA- LOGUES, on application. DlCKSONS (Limited.) (400 Ac pLIBRAN'S SEED LIST, Illustrated, 112 Vy pages, free, three stamps. lUTEDCQTIUO Best Vegetables and Flowers, including 111 I LnCO I I IIU all that is fashionable. Poppies, Gail- lardias, &c. Clibran's Tomato is the Best. Try it I Is. and 2s. id. per packet. Herbaceous Calceolaria, a specialty. Is. PI AMT J? QCCH and 2s. 6rf. per pkt. White Cali- iLHnl OC OLLU fornian Tree Poppy, blooms5inches across. Is. and 2s. per pkt. CLIBRAN'S PLANT LIST, 150 pages, free, three stumps. A List with prices and descriptions CATALOGUES. £S,KiK~ a **■• Many CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham and Manchester. CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY, The finest lot of strong plants. Ext'a large, 3s. tirf. and 2s. 6(f. each ; 36s. and 27s. per dozen. A. J A. BRUCE, The Nurseries, Chorlton-eum-Hardy, Manchester. SEEDS. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS of the very best quality, carriage free. CATALOGUES Post-free on application. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (John Cowan). Limited, THE VINEYARD and NURSERIES, GARSTON, LIVERPOOL. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's see Is are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED Of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. CUTBUSH'S MILL- track MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d. per cake; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH and SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. TO THE TRADE. FERN SPORES (SEEDS). More than 100 named varieties. English saved. Also col- lections of same in 12, 18, and 24 sorts. List of Names free by post, on application to KELWAY'S GOLD MEDAL CSS) SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI, P.EONIES, PYRETHRUMS, GAILLARDIAS, DELPHINIUMS, &c. CATALOGUES now ready, gratis and post-free, containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our Specialties for 1890, and everything needful for the Garden. LANOPORT, SOMERSET. PELARGONIUMS. — Extra strong, healthy, -*- bushy plants, showing bud ; Show, French, and Decora- tire kinds, by name, in 48 and 32 size pots, 12s. and lis. per dozen ; 80j. and 100s. per 100. Boxes and packing free. Cash JAS. HOLDER AND SON, Crown Nursery, Reading. n A RNATToTnS and PICOTEeIT ^-^ All the finest kinds named. I f)VE I V 12 v"ieties. 6s. and 9s. ; lovely yellows, 12s. doz. LU I tl_ I Pinks, 12 sorts, 3s. id. ; 25 for 6s. Dahlia Pot Roots, fine sorts, 4s. per doz. Herbaceous, Alpine, AIITnnnR and Rock planb. 12 charming kinds, 4s. and UUIUUUn 6s. per doz. Iris ochroleuca var. gigantea, The Queen of Iris, grand white blooms, 2s. each ; 18s. per doz. PI DM/EDO Flne S«''"'"K Hollyhocks. 4s. per dozen j 25 I LUHLflO. for 7s. CATALOGUE, 150 pages, 3 stamps. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery. Altrincham and Manchester. SE VENT Y-FIVE ACRES of remarkably well-grown Trees. Inspection invited. New descriptive CATALOGUE on application. FRUIT TREES._ DlCKSONS CHESTER. FERNS A SPECIALTY, The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of stove, greenhouse and hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Hook*, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on the cultivation of Ferns, OneShilling and Sixpence, post-free. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES and PINKS. CHARLES TURNER'S extensive Collections of the above are now ready for planting out. CATALOGUE free on application. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. TO THE TRADE. WE can make Special Prices for any of the following, in quantities : — PEAS. ABUNDANCE AMERICAN WONDER CHAMPION OF ENGLAND DICKSON'S FAVOURITE FORTYFOLD ALASKA PRIDE OF MARKET NE PLUS ULTRA LITTLE GEM SANGSTER'S SELECTED TELEPHONE TOM THUMB YORKSHIRE HERO. ONIONS. BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE | WHITE SPANISH. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, SEED MERCHANTS, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, W.C. JARMAN'S " UNIVERSAL" COLLECTIONS FOR ONE YEAR'S SUPPLY. VEGETABLES.— 2s. id., 5s., 10s. id., 15s., 21s., 31s. id., 42s., and 63s. FLOWERS.— Is., 2s. 6,/., 5s., 10s. id., 15s., 21s., 31s. id., & 42.'. ill post-fn "iage paid. We offer £5 5s. PRIZES Full i articuhirs i FOR SIX ONIONS. our Large Seed Manual gratis and post /rt JARMAN & CO,. NEW AND CHOICE TOMATOS. Each Post-free at prices quoted. New Peach, per pkt., 1/(3 I Crimson Queen, per pkt., 1/- Lorillabd ,, 1/6 New Eaklv Champion „ 1/- Prelude m 1/6 Golden Eagle, per pkt., -/<$ Scarlet Perfection ,, 1/- I Open Air „ -/a The Collection, One Packet each. 7/6, post-free. Seed Growers. DANIELS BROS., Purchasers of TREES AND EVERGREENS should send for our special offer. DlCKSONS Nurseries, CHESTER. March 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONI CL E. 285 GREAT VEGETABLE CONFERENCE, CHISWICK, 1889. 49 CERTIFICATES OF MERIT A "WARDED TO THE PRODUCE OF VEITCH'S GENUINE SEEDS, See Page Advertisement, January 4, 1890. VEITCH'S~NEW LETTUCES are most desirable acquisitions, and should be grown In all gardens PERFECT OEM CABBACE LETTUCE, VEITCH'S WHITE COS LETTUCE, .compact- A magnificent self-folding variety, growing to an immense size, growing variety of a r,ch deep green colour. ~of 8uperior ^ = veiVcrisp7aud!meTavou7eT' . 6t- 1S- 6ng. The stock at the High Beech Nurseries is rich m variety, in plants of all sizes, all recently removed. The " Old " Nurseries, Cheshunt. C,,,,,,, SW1 the Best Exoti-. Conifer. EDRUS DEODARA— The finest stock in ■/■"P.". 0f "" si""' tlioroughly prepared for removal. PALL am, SON'S "Old" Nurseries. Cheshunt. CEED POTATOS. - Any rail in London. >y> Bruce, «.,«. ; Myatt's. 60s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 661 i H.-st ot All, bos.; Early Regent,, 60« . ; Reading Giant. 80s.; and every sort cheap. Ix)w rates for quantity. I will not be undersold by any respectable firm WM. WHITEHEAD COUSINS, c nl (J.r.l.n WC Trial liruuuds, Cl.ff, .,. II,.,. Kent. ( 1,'.MFERS and SHRUBS.- Abies Donglasii, i^h,-4 !° V.'-owI Per "M ; " to " ft- 7"<- Per 10°i Araucaria imbricate. 2 to 2} ft., 20s. per do*.; 3 to .'!} ft. Ms. per doz.; 4 ft., ITi.^n, ■ ^"P'e*"" Lawsoniana. 2 It.. 25,. per Urn. :: t„ ,i. ••>'?. .,,er,0j; 5ft.,50s. per 1011 ; Cuprcs,uscrectav,r„l,, lj to 2 lit., Cos. per 100 ; 3 ft.. 40,. per 100 ; 1'icea Nordmsnniann : ,Sw,,,eI 'lOTV; Reti"« plumosa. 1} ft., 25s. per 100;' L^lno^K •/",',' !'"r ""'; K- "I'uirro^. 1J to 2 ft.. 32s. pet lOOj Thuia Lobbn, 3 to 4 ft., 30». per 100; 4 to 5 ft., 60s. per 100; T dolnbrata. 2 f,.. 3,,,. per loo; 4 ft., extra ateper dox.;- Berber,., Aquifolium. 2 ft., 12s. per 100; Box loo 7- , 'i'- ^'"•per 100; Jn'»,n B"*' '-' "">'• '-'*■ P" 100; Cotoneaster Simonsii.3 to 4 ft., 16s. per 100; Sea Buck- thorn, 12 to 15 inch, 8». per 100; Bscallonu. macrantha, Dote strong 24,,. peMOO; Laurels, comtnon. 2 to 3 f,„ 12, perTw L. Colchiara. 3 to :^ ft.. 20,. per PHI; L. cue:,,,, um. 3 to 3 „' ". -"., '"r ! '•■ rotiwdifolfa. 2 ft.. 16,. per 100; Khod,„le,„lr„i, pint, cm, 1 } to 2 ft.. 30s. per 100; 2 to 2, ft.. ' ,;,,*> •,'.-""• '"'r U'K N»-c,:,lpr,eesper PARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman. Stranraer. AVTB'iU.??.?n.a,sS,ee(l8 for Spring Planting. 1ST. ROOZEN a.m. SON, of OVERVKEN HAAKLKM. beg to annoui thai their Sen httr and SEED CATALOGUE for Spring 1 „„, isiowr, „lv It Da'Sin.8!"ildeuilSOf their "^"■"ve Collection, of .';,.,, I , „l , . Dahlias. I ,l,es, Begonias. Pu-onia sinensis. „,„1 other Bulbs for • ?,.-'J"' ",',; '""I,,ll;° "' " '■''»-"• l'" '>'"" ot choice c infi.lem* EDS' wh,ch can be recommended with every thlt° p"-1'"?'": W>'1 "e sent, post-free, on application to themsehes direct, orthe.r Agents, Me-srs. Mkhiens & Co., •b^MsJ^ane^St^Mnryat-Hill, London, E.C. PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME ,„, „,/ROWN: '"'' som!' »« imported from the Continent, a I ,1 hers are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to ne 1 ubhc without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the !„.„ „f everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion: , rices extremely moderate. No coloured plate,, but value given ,,, seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON and SONS. Chilwell Nurseries. Notts. OEED3.— 100 Packets, la. 2d., 2s., and 4s. per O 100. VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, warranted genuine and fresh. 10 to 40 per cent, off for Cash. CATA- 5» G,'FtJree: AGENTS WANTED Write GARDENER 4 / . H'SlfjJ' Loudon, W.C. AlsoGREENHOUSES. id. per TOimK Vc M, "ach; LM,«'" "'AMES, £1. Span FRAMES, 6 X 3. Complete, 12s., on Rail. A GRIFFRAIE STOCKS.-1600 for Sale. J Price .'.„. per KHI0. Good Stuff. Well eyed. J. M.ANEY. Sbenstone, Lichfield. QUICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10s.. 12s.. and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PEBKTNS ASP SON, 52. Market Square; Northampton. H Catalogue of Ferns, Fine Foliage Plants, &c. J!. -MAY begs to announce that he has • just publishel his N,-« ,w LLOG1 E of Ferns, Crotons, Dracffinas, and other fine Foliage Plants; also Bouvardias, Tree Carnations. Clematis, Ivies, &c. Free on application. H. H. MAY. Dyson's Lane S'urseries, Upper Edmonton. FLETCHER BROS.,have a very large stock of Standard I'LI'MS and DAMSONS, also Al'l 111A JAI'ONICA, 1 to 3 feet, bushy. Ottershaw Nursery, Chert, ey, Surrey. CTRONG FOREST TREES, &c. KJ ALDEB, I to B feet, and IS to 6 feet. ASH, 2 to3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. .. Mountain. 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to S feet. BEECH, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet. 4 to i feet, and 8 to 10 feet. BIRCH, 2j to 3 feet, 3 to I feet, and i to 6 feet. ELM, Wych, 3 to I feet. 4 to 5 feet, and 5 to 6 reel FIR, Austrian, 2 to 3 feet. 3 to 1 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. „ LARICIO, 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 1 feet. „ Scotch, 1} to 2 feet. 2 to 2j feet, and 2} to 3 feet. .. Spruce. 1J to 2 feet. 2 to 2j feet, and ; ' to 3 feet. LARCH, 11 to 2 feet, : | to 3 feet, and 3 to 1 f,-, t. HAK. English. 3 to I bvt, nnd4 to 5 feet. I'KIVEI'. Comm :•', to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. .. ov.vi.IEiil.IA. 2 to2j feet, j; to 3 feet, and 3 to 3} feet. *" "' liferent sizes ,,re .1,,,,,. g.ssl, well-rOOted planl,. and the prices ,p,„te,l will b- ■. ,, , |,lc in order to clear. JOHN HILL. Spot Acre Nurseries, near Stone, Staffordsbire. T^ORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' -»- FLOWERS for 1890— (116 pages), Is the Largest, Best, Most He] ,i„l Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Flori.-ts' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, , , full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennial, and Hardy Border Plants, with a raa„ of other useful information indispensable to all who would exctl In the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be n, the hands of all who love „ Garden. I t n application. .liUIN FORMES. Nur ervui in, Hani, k, Scotland 3,000,000 R^tiJ0I)ENDR0NS' PONTICUMS, 6 to 11 inches. 10s. per 100, 80s. per 1000; 9 to 19 inches. i.t,. per 10>. 110s. per 1000; 12 to IS inches, ISs. per 100, 160s. per 1000. CATAWBIENSA HYBRID A, 6 to 9 inches, 18s. per loo. 100s. per 1000; 9 to 12 inches. [5s. per 100, 120s. per 1000; 12 to 18 inches. 2", per p,,,. is,,., perluoo; 15 to 20 inches, 24s. per 100, 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy plants, twice and thrice transplanted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, free on appb, ation to JAMES SMITH and SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. TJARDY BRITISH FEHNS, numerous XX varieties : 20 large Rockery Roots, 2s. 6rf. ; 50. 5s. ; 100, 8s.; 241b. Hamper. Botain, ally named, Carriage paid. GEORGE CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal. TOMATOS. — Plants for Sale: Hackwood Park and Sutton's Reading Perfection, in small or large quantities; also Geranium cutting,. Raapail.— Apply, price &c. .THOMAS WILD, Sipson. Slough, Middlesex. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all the best varieties under cultivation of IS8H growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to 1 AAO FLOWERING BULBS of Galanthus c j Elwesii. Chionodoxa Lucillite or Chionodoxa sardensis. are offered for 12 francs by FRANZ SCHLOSSER Nurseryman and Florist, Smyrna, Asia Minor. Orders not later than the end of the month of April. TJTERNS in THUMBS.— Extra good lot of -a- Ptens Tremnla and P. C. Crestata to offer at 12s. per 100. cash with order.-R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Edmonton. Ftsts^t^ ,-, To the Trade. ERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most v,r,T./ole^ble sorts— ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, POLYPO- DIUMS, CYRTOMIUMS. PTERIS. &c.,at 12s. per 1,10, packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, few oilier kinds from stores, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH. Loudon Fern Nurseries, 110, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. LTT TTT>.,Sl)ecial Trade Offer^Bargalns. ILIUM AUKATUM, extra fine, hard, _ sound bulbs, measuring 9 inches round, 5s. per doz., los. for oO, 27s. per 100; specially selected bulbs, 9i to 10 inches round, 6s. 6d. per doz., £1 for 50. 3.5s. per 100; monster bulbs, few only, 10s. per doz. LILIUM KRAMERI (pink Lily), 4s., 6s . and 10s. per doz. L. BATEMANNI.cE (Apricot), 5s. per doz. L. CORDIFOLIUM, strong bulbs, 12s. per doz. ; finest bulbs; all carriage paid. Notethis. « . H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, Tottenham. (Telegraphic Address, "Auratums, London.") 1-5 ARE and lovely LILIES.— A collection of JX 12 different Rare and Choice Lilies for 21s carriage paid, worth double; includes some of the very finest in cultivation. Limited number only. W. H. HUDSON, Lily Importer, West Green Real. Tottenham. purchasers. Seed Growing E-tabli .hnicnt, Wisbech. 1 EMON OIL INSECTICIDE Kills X-i all InsecU; cheap, harmless, easily used. Sales rising by leaps and bounds, on ing to its merit. Pints, Is. 6(1. ; quarts, 2s. 'Ml. ; half gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9s. [£4$- OUCHARIS MITE KILLER. During *-k»*M» X^ the year it has been before the public it has saved thousands of Bulbs, ride. Testimonials. Doubters. Trv it ' Half pint. Is. 6(f. ; pints, 2s. 6b\ ; quarts. 4s. K /. ; ball gallons, 7s. 6d. ; gallons, 12s. id. [sj^gr pLIBRAN'S SHADING for GREEN- •-i=«9 V7 HOUSES. SKYLIGHTS. &c. Is a wonderful novelty. In wet weather the shading is almost transparent . as i he glass dries it reappears. All Plant Growers will see the great advantage. In packets, Is., Is. 9o\, and 2s. 9oE. posl free, N.B.— Above three preiiarations from Seed and Nurserymeu • or. CI.IMUAN, Oldlield Nursery, Allriiicbam and Manchester. !\-MfebEaJ SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace Rose Show. 1889, after IS Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit, by the Scottish Horticultural Association Imso Mr. w. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says i— " We wi re'so satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we have used it absolute!) . mid hive even confidence in r minciiding it." Mr. It. Irwik Ltkch, Curator, Botanic Gardens Cambridge my, :— "There i an be no question with regard to its eilicacy."' Prices:-!,. 1 and 8-gal. tins, 2s. per gal. (tins inoluded) ; in 5-gul. drum,. Is. 6d. per gal. ; 10 and 15 gal. Ilriim,, lg 4a per gal. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. I j ' ted int/ie proportion of One Galltmto 26 Gallons of Water TO BE HAD OF ALL NUBSERYMKN AND SEEDSMEH. To prevent disappointment, insist upon having the "ACME." Sole Proprietor, and Man, ifacturer,, THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbrldge, Kent ; & Carlton St., Bolton, Lancashire. Acfints in Ireland — W. Duii.mmond & Sons. 5,s. Dawson St.. Dublin; Wai.tkuCausov & Sons. 21, Bachelor's Walk. Dublin- A I.I X. Ill, k„,N ,v Sons. 55 Royal Avenue. Belfast; MoKknzie & 9ovs, Limited. Agricultural House. Camden Quay, Cork. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. : 4-biishel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. (W. per sack; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. por sack, 5 sacks, 22«. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. fW. per bushel ; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton. in 2-bushel hags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES, GARDEN STICKS, VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &c. Write for Price LIST — H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17a, Coal Yard). W.C. TO MARKET GARDENERS, &o.— To Grow Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS. Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great, value of this Manure, and ensure its constaut use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, Lis. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. V ' 286 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1890. WEBBS' NEW CAULIFLOWER: "KINVER MONARCH." This is undoubtedly the best early variety in cultivation; it is very hardy, and produces exceptionally fine heads. IB. 6d. and 23. 6d. per Packet, post-free. forming solid white heads.' WEBBaSO'NSMMlEYiSTOURBRIDGE JOHN SHARPE & SON'S BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED "AMATEUR'S GARDEN GUIDE" as ° o M ■ o| of «J a W 1 o WILL BE FOUND TO BE The Most Instructive Work upon Gardening for 1890. Price Is., Post Free. Abridged Lists of JOHN SHARPE & SON'S VEGETABLE FLOWER SEEDS Gratis on application. JOHN SHARPE & SON'S "FARM SEED LIST" Will he forwarded, Free of Charge, on enquiry to John Sharpe & Son, Seed Growing Establishment, BARDNEY, LINCOLNSHIRE. o SCO IS 1 w o m so £* |S 2 o WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAIN OF CINERARIA Evidence Of Quality.— From Mr. Birch, The Gardens, Cattle Ashb'j :— " The Cinerarias grown from your strain of Seed are the admiration of every visitor and resident. I have about 320 plants in b'oom, some of the individual flower^ measure 3 inches in diameter, the foliage I cannot compare but to Rhubarb leave*." For further particulars, see Illustrated SEED Gratis CA TAL 0G UE, nd Pcst-free on application. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria ami Paradise Nurseries, UPPER IIOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. Mabch 8, 1890.] THE GA ED E XEJ? S ' CHE ONI CL E. 287 SHARPE'S NOVELTIES. PEA— Sharpe's Victory per pint pkt., 2 6 PEA — Sharpe's Empress p?r quart, 3 0 PEA— Sharpe's Queen per quart. 3 0 per pint, 1 6 PEA— Sharpe's Sir F. A. Milbank ... per pint, 1 0 PEA— Sharpe's Triumph per pint, 1 0 PEA— Sharpe's Paragon perjnnt, 1 0 POTATO-Sharpe's Standard per lb., 0 6 POTATO— Sharpe's Victor per stone, 4 0 POTATO-Sharpe's Duke of Albany ...per atone, 2 0 BROCCOLI— Sharpe's Monarch per pkt.. 1 6 BROCCOLI— Sharpe's Selected Winter... per pkt., 1 0 BRUSSELS SPROUTS-Sharpe'sStandard.p.j.kt., 1 6 CABBAGE— Sharpe's Si andard perpkt., 1 0 BEAN— Sharpe's Conqueror per pint, 1 0 C' CUMBER-Sharpe's Epicurean ...perpkt.. 2 0 TOMATO— Sharpe's Eclipse perpkt., 1 0 ONION— Sharpe% Prize White Spanish ... per pkt., 1 0 COLLECTIONS OF SEEDS IN BOXES, arranged to produce a continuous supply of Vegetables all the year round : — No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4. No.:., No. li. 638. 42s. 308. 21s. 158. 10s. 6d. SHARPE'S ILLUSTRATED and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE fir 1890, P t-freema alieatimto CHARLES SHARPE & CO., SEED FARMERS AND MERCHANTS, S LEA FORD. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. Dncrc x AcrM rVUOLO, Bushes 8i. per dozen, 60j>. per 100. f^" Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 15s. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 01 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12*., 1R% and 24j. per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER, EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED to CULTURE of ORCHirS. PALMS, and FERNS. The GLASS STRUCTURES cOTer an area of up 31.r>,000 feet. Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering Plants in variety. Ornamental Foliaged l'lnnts. Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, K Shrubs, &c. Inspection of toe Stock Invited. HUGH LOW & GO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, and BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD. SEED POTATOS. To Grow In GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITIO ■'. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin— a great improvement on the old variety. Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, the most complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts uonh growing. j WaTKINS, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HF.RF.FOKr.' SUTTON'S TEN-WEEK STOCKS. A COLLECTION OF FIVE SPLENDID VARIETIES :- SUTTi IN'S PERFECTION, SUTTON'S MINIATURE, SUTTON'S GIANT BRANCHING, WALLFLOWER-LEAVED, and SUTTON'S IMPROVED DWARF GERM \N. 1 Packet of each, Post-free, for 4 6 "Tht Colli tion oi Stocks v Mr. W. Li Boi um.ikr, Jersey. greatly admired.1 SUTTON'S SEEDS CENUINE ONLY FROMSUTTON sSONS, READINC. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fr.uts post tree. The Descriptive Catalogue of Koses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridg-eworth, Herts. The mom' Wonderful Chopping Potato in the Would. Price 2*. (!'/. per peek, S8.perbu8h.y21f. per sack. Mm i cheaper by the ton. Orders 90s, and upwards carriage paid. From Hundred* of Unsolicited Testimonial* re< select the following : — From Mr. II Hammertoe, Woodchurch. Augii-t li. " I hive had the honour of winning the SILVER Cup Efered atourShowfoi thefce ■ collection of Potatos. I staged 123 varieties, 68 ot which I had direct from you. I grew M7 varieties, and the best cropper by far wafl Tin ['ami i - " Quantity Planted, 11 lb. Quantity Raised. 738 lb From the " K, [TEEING Gi'ardian." September it. " Rfmarkaui.f POTATO Yieli'5 — Mr. G. Johnson, o Wad- croft, has a crop of Potatos remarkable both for mm an 1 quantity. H- purchased 11 lb. c* The Daktex seed from Messrs, Daniels Bros., Seed Growers, Norwich ; ani the H lb. of seed realised no lees than 728 lb." Be'ore ordering, send for Daniels' New Potato Catalogue, containing Coloured and other Illustrations, and much ■ ;ilu ible information. Gratia and post free to all. DANIELS BROS., seedsmen, .4s a Supplement TO THE Gardeners' Chronicle FOR Next Week, March 15, WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph T. I XODIUM DIST1 OH J V, A T S TO N. THE dSardcncnra^ronicle. SATURDAY, MARCH 8, L890. w GIGANTIC ORCHIDS; NATURE VERSUS CULTURE. r E are told by the poet that bull is not everything, or, in other words, tb.it - " To grow in size just like a tree Doth not make things better be," and yel there is, other things being equal, a certain charm about size after all. We all remember the enormous plant of Cattleya Skin- neri which Mr. Sander imported from South America, of which the illustration is reproduced (fig. II). Certainly it was to some extent a cultivated specimen, having been grown in a tree near the dwelling-house of a peon, or labourer, as 1 believe was stated at the time. Then long ago there was at Chiswick a pheno- menal plant of the then new and highly valued l.irlia superbiens, and again a plant of ver} large Phal.-cnopsis (was it not P. Sehilleriana F), which the Royal Horticultural Society's col- lector, the great Robert Fortune, had bought for a dollar from some natives who brought it to bim in the Philippines suspended on a pole between two of them in much the same way as the (Irapes of Eschol were brought from the 1'romised Land to the leader of the Israelites, when near the close of their wanderings. Every traveller— at least, every plant collector — must now and then in the course of bis wanderings have come across remarkable specimens of the plants in which he was particularly interested ; and of ten, even if not pretty generally, it will be found that man has had at least sonic influence BO far as their ultra-extraordinary dimensions an concerned. This was fo in the case of Mr. Sander's great Cattleya Skinneri, and it was so in the case of Mr. A. Keyser's big plant of the (irammatopbyllum (? speciosum), which he found in the collar of agreatDurian tree; and I should suspect that the great Lselia and the remarkable I'halu nopsis above alluded to had also grown on isolated trees orin open sunny positions. Wln-n 1 was wandering about theiiKiin island 288 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March S, 18'JO. of the Sooloo Archipelago, about mid-way between Borneo and the Philippines, a few years ago, I was very much impressed by the enormous specimens of Grammatophyllum speciosum which there also grow in the collars of the Durian trees. The fruit of the Durian is so highly valued by the Malays and their neighbours, the Chinese settlers, that, on no account, are the trees cut down when the forests are being cleared for cul- tivation. It is quite common to come upon isolated Durian trees, enormous specimens, or group) of smaller ones, with here and there little groves of Mango, or Mangosteen, Langsat, or Tarippe (a form of Jack-fruit), and other edible fruit-bearing trees miles and miles away from the little farmhouses or villages. The unsophis- ticated traveller has now and then concluded that these trees, being far away from habitations, had no owners; but if he should gather the fruit, or otherwise injure or molest them, he will soon hear to the contrary, and be obliged to redress the injury done, which is, as a rule, an easy matter to do. In Borneo one is continually coming upon fruit trees, either singly or in groups, in the forest clearings, and also on or near the sites of old deserted villages, for it is a rule that, on the death of a headman, or chief, the old residences are deserted, and new ones made on another site. For sanitary reasons this is a very good practical rule ; but although the old atap-houses, or Palm-thatched, pile-dwellings are often burned to the ground, the fruit trees still remain and continue the property of their former owners or their successors. Then new orchards spring up around the new village, which in its turn is again deserted, and so on, and now and then I have seen very fine plants of Phahenopsis gran- dillora, Grammatophyllum, and Platycerium grande, growing in the collars of these fruit trees. As a rule, it is on isolated trees only that the ordinary traveller has a chance of observing Orchids, for in the dense forest-primeval every- thing is high up in the leafy roof over his head, and hidden to all but the boldest of native climbers by a multitude of leaves of all and every kind. Even with a good field-glass, or binocular, but little can be seen on account of the dense shade. Now and then, however, a fallen giant of the forest reveals somewhat of the epiphytal plant-life that is really there. Above you in the tropic forest is a world of light, air, and sunshine, which beasts, and birds, and insects (and snakes ! ), and beautiful flowers alike enjoy. Thus " high up overhead '•' the most lovely of Orchids hold their regal court in the sunshine and are really " at home " to their numerous and especially invited winged guests. But now and then the fall of an enormous tree sapped to the core by huge parasitic fungus it may be, or caught by a tornado, lets light into the forest dimness below, and on or among its ruins lie revealed the beautiful burden it has supported for years. At p. 55 of my Gardens of the Sun, is the following passage which I quote here, apropos of Mr. Keyser's discovery. The words were pencilled down as I stood before the prostrate trunk and riven branches of a mighty species of Dryobalanops, or • Camphor Tree,' which we had heard fall the night before when more than half-a-dozen miles away. " Here, right in the collar of the tree, is a plant of the Grammatophyllum Orchid, big enough to fill a Pickford's van, and just opening its golden-brown spotted flowers, on stout spikes 2 yards long. There, on the topmost branch, is a mass of the Moth Orchid, or Phalsenopsis, bearing a hundred snowy flowers at least; and in such healthy vigour is it, that lovers of Orchids at home — supposing it could be flashed direct to 'Stevens'' in its present state — would outbid each other for such a glorious prize, until the hammer would fall at a price near on a hundred guineas, as it has done before for exceptional specimens of these lovely flowers. There, gleaming in the sunlight, like a scarlet jewel, beneath those great leathery aroid leaves, is a cluster of tubular .Eschynanthus flowers ; and here is another wee Orchid — a tink pink- blossomed Cirrhopetalum, whose flowers and leaves scarcely rise above the bright carpet of velvety moss among which it grows. But what is that attractive gleam of gold and green sway- ing to and fro in the sunshine ? Ah ! that is a beauty of another kind ! And a native to whom it is pointed out ejaculates, ' Chalaka ! ular Tuan ! ' — a wicked snake, sir ; and we are content to move on, and leave him alone in his glory. We tramp on for an hour longer without even the glimpse of a flower being visible, except here and there a few fragments on the ground, the remnant spolia of the flower world which exists on the roof of this grand cathedral of trees." There are three or four species of Gramma- tophyllum known from Malacca and the Malay Archipelago, the most usually met with being G. speciosum, a plant rarely met with in British hothouses, because, as Mr. Williams says in his Orchid Growers Manual, it requires " consider- able space to grow it to perfection." The plant has been figured many times thus in Bot. Mag., t. 5157; Flore des Serres, t. 1380; Bateman's Second Century of Orchids, t. 181 ; and also by Paxton, Lemaire, Blume, and Rumphius ; as also in Gard. Chron., n.s., vol. x., p. 181, cum xylog. >, here reproduced (tig. 46). It is probable, from the dimensions given by Mr. H. Keyser, that his plant is G. speciosum, which, so far as I know, is the Anak of its race; but he has only to send a spray of its flowers and a stem to Mr. H. N. Ridley, the Director of the neighbouring Singapore Botanic Garden, to have all his doubts removed as to its specific identity. The giant Orchids are not at present popular as a class, and it is not every one who, like our friend, Mr. Sander, can build special houses for a solitary specimen, as we were told he did, in anticipation of the arrival of his great Cattleya Skinneri ; but the day may come when these gigantic species may be valued, and someone may build for them the biggest and warmest of glass houses, so as to enjoy them as one sees them abroad, growing on or in the collars of Orange, Mango, Jack, Tarippe, Mangosteen, and other fruit trees, with groves of the golden clusters of Bananas hanging here and there, and Bamboo and Palms luxuriating near them in something like tropical luxuriance. No doubt the tropic fruit trees, and the giant Orchids have been neglected in our gardens ; but, given capital and intelligent arrangements, and cultural attention, and there is no reason why we should not obtain a taste of both, even under the murky skies of our northern climate. Before I conclude this paper, I should like to add a word in reference to a remark recently made in these columns, viz., that plants do not always grow naturally in the places best fitted for them. This axiom, as propounded by Herbert fifty years ago, and repeated but the other day is partially true ; but the great essen- tial fact remains that Nature, that is to say, wild plants of all kinds, as seen at their best, are far ahead of the same plants as cultivated in our gardens here at home. But there is another phase of culture, viz., culture in the native habitats of the plants themselves, and here it is possible to improve on Nature even at her best and highest level. Of course, I am now merely speaking of best from the cultivator's point of view, and not from the much wider biological standpoint. Then there can be no question of some plants thriving better in other open air climates than their own. In Jamaica, for example, the Mango has naturalised itself, and bears fruits, I am told, superior to those wild in India or the Malay Archipelago. There also Phaius grandifolius of China has naturalised itself, even if it does not thrive better there than in its native Hong Kong. The behaviour of the Scotch Thistle and the rabbit as introductions to Australia may also be cited, as also those cultivated weeds which follow the white man wherever he goes. A plant or an animal in its native country is often (but not always) surrounded by natural checks to its luxuriance or to its fertility, and culture consists, to a great extent, in the suppression of these natural checks to vegetative life and vigour. F. W. Burbidge. New or Noteworthy Plants. FRITILLARIA (AMBLIRION) CANALICU- LATA.* This new Fritillary most resembles F. pyrenaiea in habit and general appearance, but it belongs to the small section of the genus in which the styles are connate up to the very apex. From F. tulipi- folia and the other Amblirions it differs by its cain- panulate perianth. It was found by Sintenis in Kurdistan at Sem'tr, and a specimen has just been sent to me in a living state by Herr Max Leichtlin, with whom it has flowered for the first time at Baden-Baden this present February. Bulb depresso-globose, nearly 2 in. diameter. Stem about a foot long, bearing ten to twelve alternate linear deeply channelled ascending glaucous leaves, the longest 3 to 4 in. long. Flowers 3—5, on short, drooping pedicels, bracteated at the base by six to eight crowded reduced leaves. Perianth cam- panulate, an inch long, outside glaucous vinose- purple, without any trace of tesselations ; inside greenish-yellow ; segments oblong, \ in. broad, falcate only in the upper third when expauded, bearing a small green oblong nectary, just above the base. Stamens J in. long ; filaments lanceolate, as long as the yellow linear anthers. Uvary green, cylindrical, J in. long; style as long, forming a triangular column, connate up to the top. J. G. Baker, XyLomcM Colleyi, Rolfc. Maxillaria Colleyi (Batem. ex Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxiv., Misc., p. 87) was described as long ago as 1838 from an imperfect specimen of unknown origin. The raceme, with an excellent water-colour sketch of a single flower, has laid in Dr. Lindley's herbarium ever since, but I cannot find that any more infor- mation about it has come to hand. Reichenbach knew nothing of it in 18(31, when writing his account of the genus in the sixth volume of Walpers' Annalet. A fine plant of an Orchid, received from the Trinidad Botanic Garden last year, has just flowered at Kew, and proves to be the long-lost species. Whether it is a native of Trinidad, or a plant received by them from another source, we do not at present know, but its re-appearance is certainly interesting. The flowers are of a peculiar light reddish-brown, with numerous purple-brown spots, the lip of a shining » Fritillaria (Amblirion) canaliculata, Baker, n. sp.— Bulbo depresso-globoso magno ; caule subpedali foliis 10—12 alternis linearibus glaucis profunde canaliculars, floribus c.. 3 — 5 cerDuip, pedicellis brevibus basi foliis pluribus reductis brac- teatis, periauthio campanulato pollieari extus sordide viuoso- purpureo htud te^selato iutus liaro-viridi, segmeutis oblongis supra medium ciu eouuiventibus. Dectarii parvo obloage supra- basali, staminibus perianthio paulo brevioribus, stylia ad apicem coalitis. [The Gardeners' Chronicle, March 8, 1S90. FlO, 44, — QIOANTIC SPECIMEN 01' L'ATTLKYA 8EINNEN1, (SEE P, 287.) 290 TBE GA H D ENE R S ' CUB 0 NI CL B. [March 8, 1890. blackish-purrje, paler on margin. The smell is peculiar. Liidle' compares it to that of an over- ripe Melon; t> me it seems exactly like Cucumber, or the green shoots of Philadelphia. Raceme short, three to four fio.vered, like the broad bracts, dark purple- brown in colour. Leaves (not before described) broadly lanceolate, petiolate, coriaceous, with three strong nerves, 12 to 15 inches long, 3 to 4 inches broad. Fseudobulbs ovoid, \\ inch long. It belongs to Xylobium (then considered a section of Maxillaria) and is very distinct from every other species of the genus, li. A. Rolfc. A GARDENERS* PROBLEM. As we are in committee on " a garden problem," it is permissible to speak more than once. I should like to draw attention to one point which has not been mentioned, but which seems to me of import- ance in the discussion. Some of your correspondents say that a knowledge of the native soil and sur- roundings of plants is of little or no use to them in the garden cultivation of the plant?, and that Ihey often succeed in growing them in soils in which they do n it grow naturally. But gardeners must not assume that plants will not, or do not, naturally grow in any particular soil or situation merely because they have not been found in that particular soil or situation. Some plants do absolutely refuse to grow except in certain soils, such as the Rhodo- dendrons and some of our chalk Orchids; but many, and probably the majority ot plants, will grow in any soil, but in some soils the battle of life is more favourable to one set of plants, in other soils the battle goes in favour of another set of plants. I will illustrate my meaning by two familiar instances. I mentioned in my lormer letter the case of Erica vagans, which is not found in England off the ser- pentine, but grows freely in any garden. This at once shnws that the serpentine is not necessary for the growth of the plant, and need not be imported with it, but it also shows that the serpentine is fatal to many other plants which elsewhere grow luxu- riantly in Cornwall. Now when these plants reach the serpentine the Eiica vagans is able to fight them at a great advantage, but when the Erica vagans comes into their county they are strong enough to fight it and strangle it, because they there have food that suits them, and so are lusty and stronr. I have no doubt it is the same with many alpines. They are found to grow naturally on bare rocks and moraines ; but it does not follow from that that they will only grow on such places. It shows that they will crow where other plants would starve, but they would also grow in mure genial places, and in richer soils. Their seeds must often fall on the alpine meadows and pastures, and there they may germinate; but they meet there with a luxuriant growth of other plants, which soon suffocate them. When the Heath or the alpines are brought into gardens they have a fair field given them, and no favour shown to their adversaries, and so they grow, often in a soil very different to that in which they are found wild, but not in soil that is unnatural to them. But the case may be carried much further. The discovery of a plant in a particular soil or situation does not prove that that is naturally the best for it ; it may, and often must have been, squeezed out of better quarters, and now at last has found a place where it can carry on a starved existence. If it could have established itself in a better place, it might have been a very different plant. We have an instance of this ready to hand. All over the upper parts of the Cotswolds the Campanula glo- merata grows as a dwarf plant, almost in its growth suggestive of Gentiana acaulis. But if it is brought into the garden it grows 3 or 4 feet high, and be- comes a rampant troublesome weed. Does not this show that the larger and more luxuriant growth is its natural habit, but that it cannot fight the battle Of life In the lowland pastures, and so has had to retreat to the upper regions, where it leads a starved and stunted life. The gardener is able often to give his plants advantages which they do not have in their native quarters, and so he is often able apparently to ignore their natural requirements. But it is only appa- rently; the real fact is that the knowledge he had acquired of the plants from books or travellers was only a limited knowledge — there was a great deal more history, which books or travellers could not tell him, and which his experiments have partially helped him to learn. But even when he succeeded in growing the plant, he has not learned its full history ; he has learned something of its modern, but very little of its ancient history. Henry N. EUacombc. As Mr. Woodall has mentioned my name seven times in his letter, I hope it will not be deemed egotistical if I say a few words in reply. With regard to Polygala Chamrebuxus, I am not much surprised at what he says, for oddly enough, when I saw my own words in print in your columns it struck me for the first time that perhaps Polygala Chamre- buxus might grow at a lower altitude than I had imagined, and that possibly leaf mould might not be such a luxury to it after all. I know very well the sort of spot to which Mr. Woodall refers, and I can fancy how my little favourite would revel in it at once. What put me off the scent was this : neither Frcebel, nor Robinson, nor Gusmus, nor Backhouse, in any list, nor catalogue, nor book that I have seen, gives leaf-mould as the right thing for this plant, and as I know Frcebel generally speaks from a close personal acquaintance with the mountains and their treasures, I thought it was growing higher up on their flanks than seems to be the case, a. id beyond the range of trees altogether. But I did not think much about it either one way or the other, nor does it seem to me to be of much moment in this discus- sion, excepting so far as the following consideration goes. It now is a most conspicuous instance of the value of empirical efforts. When all the books were wrong, and all the observers had failed to notice a point of very great importance, experiment put me on the exactly right course with regard to Polygala Chamrebuxus, and it finds itself in its beloved leaf- mould after all ! Could anything be more to the point? Much the same sort of thing could be said about other instances that have been given, but it is hardly necessary to dwell on them. What is im- portant is, to clear the whole controversy from misconceptions and cross-purposes which have entered into it. When Mr. Woodill writes, " the thing we want is perfect knowledge, then we shall not attempt under circumstances where we must court failure ; but more than half the battle is knowledge of the climate, soil, and temperature of your garden," he blesses me altogether, though I really thought till I came to those words that he was driving at something else. But when my good friend, Mi. Ross, says, "Nor can I see how empiri- cism can successfully compete against practice with science," I open my eyes, for nobody has said that for a moment. It is exactly the same thing as asserting that science is bad, and that a knowledge of the laws of Nature will only do harm. I never met with anyone who promulgated such an idea, nor have I ever come across the competition to which he alludes. Ever since I was a boy at school, and had to learn the familiar hackneyed line, " Naluram expella furcd," &c. I have been under the impres- sion that if you try to oppose Nature— either in your garden or anywhere else — you will be surely punished for the offence. Then what is all this discussion about ? I can fancy someone saying— We all mean the same thing, though it is differently expressed. My answer is, that we do not at all mean the same thing, and that there is in all this tangle of words one point of real value which must not be lost sight of. That important consideration is this, as it seems to me: Is Nature better consulted by a hard servile imitation of its conditions which seem all right, it may be to the eye, or is it more closely re- produced very often by what at first sight appears to run against it, but which really does not offend it in the least ? An example will explain what I mean. My greatly lamented friend, the late Sir George Hutt, often told me that Risa berberidi- folia was not properly grown in this garden — he used to say — " it can stand any amount of cold. I have seen it myself in Persia all frozen over. Why in the world do you put that large glass con- struction over its head ? You should let it have liberty, it will stand many degrees of cold." But was he right for a moment in giving me such advice as that about the Rose ? I had the benefit of Max Leichtlin's experience at Baden Baden before my eyes about this very plant, and I knew that when the frost came, away went Rosa berberidifolia with him altogether; so I kept my own counsel, and I have also kept the Rose, though I have no doubt that Sir George Hutt's reminiscences were perfectly correct, and that from a superficial point of view they could not be impeached at all. What I submit, therefore, as probably being the case is this : Rosa berberidifolia can stand a certain amount of cold, but only in proportion to the humidity of the sur- rounding atmosphere, and consequently there must be a vast difference between its habits in Persia and the Isle of Wight, and this must be taken into con- sideration if you want to succeed with it. You are treating it just as naturally if you more or less give it protection here, as you would be treating it unnaturally if you were to build a large greenhouse for it on the mountains of Afghanistan. And the same sort of thing goes on in ten thousand instances. Extreme literality is not of necessity scientific. It may be the very negation of science and what, off- hand, you may claim as consulting, for it may really give it its death-blow. And here it is, I submit, that the great value of observation and experiment come in. I have never had an idea that you can succeed in growing plants by suppressing Nature or running against Nature, or anything of the sort. It would be about as wise to try and teach a fish to walk on dry land. But I do think that we must not hastily assume that this or that is natural. Put it all to the test, allow for the differences of conditions in different places, and when you have got the " per- fect knowledge " of which Mr. Woodall speaks, then, and then only can you afford to be certain that you are acting for the best. No less a person than Lord Bacon has said, the bold and enterprising are likely to meet with a greater number of tangible failures than the over-cautious ; and yet, if you take a hundred average men of each description, you will find that the bold have had, on the whole, a more successful career;" and if that be translated into the language of horticulture, it is this :— Never mind the tangible failures which experimenting is certain to bring about. You will find out in that way what is really natural better than in any other way, and let this lie your reward. H. Embank. " Granted that everything is known as to the physical conditions under which a plant grows in the Tropics, is the gardener who attempts to grow it really much better off?" Such is one question put by Mr. Dyer, whilst commenting upon the little advantage a gardener derives from a knowledge of the geographical distribution of plants. In answer to this I should say, that he certainly would have a decided advantage over one who was ignorant of such facts. First of all, because knowing the correct physical conditions of the locality whence the plant was obtained, he has some basis to work upon ; whereas otherwise he would have to work upon what- ever he thought best, perhaps from the texture of the leaves, or some other peculiarity. The case of Trichinium Manglesii, which Mr. Dyer mentions, seems at first sight rather an ex- ception to the above remarks, growing as it does in Nature in almost pure sand in most arid sun-burnt situations, and consequently most gardeners having that plant, if new to them, and knowing the physical conditions under which it grew in Nature, would en- deavour to imitate her by potting it in sand, where it is found the plant fails ; but by experiment it is found the plant enjoys under cultivation a good soil, Maech 8, 18900 THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE 291 rich in cow-manure, and I have seen them do well under such treatment at Kew in the Cape-house. But, with a little foresight, one might see that Nature does not limit the plant to a 60 or 43-pot of pure and simple sand, for in all probability these plants receive equally as much moisture and nourishment from the sandy plains of South Africa, conveyed to the surface from perhaps some considerable depth by capillary attraction, as the cultivated ones do from the cow-manure. Then, again, Mr. Dyer says, that "Nature is at best a very poor gardener." I entirely fail to see where sh"? is. I have never come across a sickly plant in Nature ; she never places a plant in any locality where it is not likely to grow up and bear fruit a hundredfold. Whereas there are many plants which good gardeners are unable to fruit in this country, excepting with a very great deal of trouble. Again, what gardener could produce such effects as Nature does in a tropical forest, or in a hedgerow or vale in Devonshire? Not one! Then assuming Nature is a poor gardener, why should our best landscape gardeners try to imitate the works of a poor gardener? What I contend is this, that in Nature plants grow as it is intended they should grow, and any plant artificially grown under glass or otherwise is simply what you might term a pleasing monstrosity." Take, for example, the enormous blooms of Chrysanthemums now produced under cultivation. A. E. Groombridqe, Baysicatcr. [In the absence of any new evidence on either side, we think it desirable that this interesting discussion should now be brought to a close. Ed.}. Plant Notes. BRODFEA. LEICHTLINII, First described in the pages of the Gardener)' Chronicle, Feb. 20, 1875, p. 234, as Milla Leichtlinii, is a native of the Southern Andes. It was introduced by the gentleman whose name it bears, who presented bulbs to the Royal Gardens, Kew, w lure they are now flowering, and have been since the new year. It is a very distinct and well-marked species, nearest to porrifolia and bitlora, but distinguished from these by its broader dark green, not glaucous leaves, single flowers, and very short peduncles. The flowers, over an inch in diameter, are pure white, with a conspicuous green keel down the back ; slightly fragrant, and remaining for a considerable time fresh. It seems very slow of increase, and never, so far as we know, ripens its seed. It has been grown in the open border for many years, is quite hardy, and will be a desirable acquisition on account of its early flowering habit. BbOSI I \ PORB11 "I IA. The old genus Triteleia first merged in that of Milla, and finally, in the Genera Plaatarum, into Brodiaja, included a large number of Chilian, and other species, which, in the new order of things, have been broken up into numerous sections. The section Triteleia includes unillora, ixioides, laxa, peduncularis, crocea, and many other well-known species ; while Ilesperocordum, in which the species have capanulate tubes, and the stamens dis- tinctly inserted in two series, in addition to B. porrifolia, includes aubbirlora, aurea, hyacinthina, hirtella, &c. Most of the species in this section are Chilian, as in the case of the above plant, and eub- biflora, and they are hardy enough to stand untouched even in severe winters. B. porrifolia (Milla, Baker), (Triteleia, 1'opp. Frag, In, Kunth Enumeratio, iv., 408; C. Gay, Fl. Chili, vi., 118), and Gard. Chron., in 1 868, with a very poor figure, p. 990. It is a native of Chili, growing in grassy places ; and was first dis- covered atConcou byPoppig. It was also collected on the Cordilleras of Santiago by l'hillipi, and first introduced by the indefatigable Herr M. Leichtlin, of Baden-Baden. It has proved to be quite as hardy as B. (Triteleia) unifiora, and though the flowers are not so numerous, they are quite as handsome, and are produced in fairly large umbels. The flowers are described by Poppig as being of a violet colour, but under cultivation they are white, with a more or less greenish rib along the centre of each segment. The flowers are inodorous, a great advantage certainly, as the Onion-like scent in B. unifiora is against its ever coming into use as a cut flower. It blooms at the same time as B. unifiora, and proves a most useful addition in spring when grown in sheltered spots. It forces very well, and may be obtained in full flower at the end of January. The long, narrow, glaucous leaves and straw-coloured spathes are very characteristic of the plant. B. subbiflora, B. hyacinthina, and B. aurea are equally useful, and quite worthv of general cultivation. D. Vewar. Ca-11LI.KJA IXD1VISA. The species of this extremely handsome genus are said to be parasitic, in the same sense as the Oro- banche, Pedicularis, Lathnva, &C, but the above species is, at least, an exception to this rule. It would not be easy to imagine finer or better coloured specimens than those we have seen growing in the ordinary soil of a common flower border, far from the reach of roots by which it could possibly be benefited. At Kew, in the rock garden, and also in the poor sandy soil of the herbaceous ground, the plant was last year very attractive, and towards autumn it was so brilliantly coloured as to be re- marked by every one who saw it. Unfortunately the plant requires such careful rearing as to be out of the reach of those who may not possess a frame or pit; for, though the seeds will germinate in the open, they are usually so late in coming as to leave scarcely sufficient time to mature before nntumn has arrived. The plant seems to be perennial, but it does admirably when treated as an annual — that is, sown in heat early in spring, transplanted into boxes when large enough to handle, and keeping the seedlings to a light airy position near the glass, and out of the reach of cold draughts. What has to be guarded against is, the tendency the plants have to thniw up Sower-items prematurely, which are, of course, weak, and the plants producing them not worth planting out ; but if treated in the manner described above, there will be little fear of this occurring. Toward! the end of the month of May they should be planted out in the open, in soil that is good but light, and in a? warm a position as may be available. The flowers are inconspicuous, but the bracts which in strong plants are very large and of the must brilliant crimson-scarlet, last in perfection for a considerable period of time. Seeds ripen in the open border, and, if carefully stored, are avail- able for future sowings. /'. Mkdimi.i \ CuBTI il. This plant was figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. xx., p. 621, also in Bot, Mag., 6681 ; but beyond this, very little, if anything, has been heard of it. In habit it is rather unlike the other cultivated members of the genus, and a good point in its favour is that it is nearly always in flower. It grows freely, and is easily propagated from cuttings; and the habit of growth suggests that it would make a good pillar plant, or would lend itself well to exhibition. It requires the temperature of a stove like other Medinillas, and thrives in a compost of turfy loam and peat, with a good addition of silver-sand. It is useful for cutting from, as it may be cut from with- out fear of injuring it. It was discovered on the Western Coast of Sumatra by Mr. Curtis (whose name it bears), a traveller for Messrs. Veitch, of Chelsea. I'miMx Btrpn hi >. This Palm, a handsome and useful plant for de- coiative purposes, has pinnate leaves which assume a graceful pendent habit, forming a contrnst to many members of this genus, which are of a stiff habit. It is of hardy constitution, thriving either in the dwelling, greenhouse, or stove, excepting when subjected to too low a temperature, which causes it to appear starved, and thus detracting somewhat from its beauty. I know of a plant which has stood in a window for the past three years with- out injury, a test sufficient to place it amongst the list of plants suitable for window gardening. Care should be taken not to overpot the plant. It was introduced from India in 1873, and is said to attain a height from 15 to 20 feet. I have read in some gardening journal that it is similar to P. canadensis, but this is an unfavourable comparison, as our specimens of the latter are almost erect, and the leaves have not the graceful habit which belongs to this Palm. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cambridge. APRICOTS ON WALLS AND IN POTS. The article, p. 192, on the Apricot, by our late friend, Mr. Wildsmith, is full of suggestiveness, and is one which I quite agree with, as far as it goes. Almost every gardener in England will endorse that part of it in which he refers to the difficulty of maintaining the trees in good condition. From my earliest recollection, the difficulty of doing so has been a perplexing question, and the ablest fruit growers of more than thirty-five years ago discussed this subject, notably Mr. Bailey, of Nuneham Park, and Mr. Saul, of Stourton ; the latter was a good gardener, as well as an able writer, and he advo- cated deep drainage, and the thinning out of the fruit-bearing spurs for Apricot walls, as one of the means to adopt to keep the trees healthy. About that time Mr. Johnson, gr. to the Duke of Welling- ton, at Strath fieldsaye, had, as he said, " as fine a wall of Apricot trees as any in the country," but he also, like others, failed to get good crops of fruit until the borders were deeply drained, and " the garden, from being one of the latest in the neigh- bourhood, to be one of the earliest," by means of deep drains. Spencer, of Bowood, also adopted deep drainage at that time, and with good results to his Apricot trees. Deep versus shallow drainage was subsequently discussed in the gardening journals, and I am not at all sure whether the advocates of drains 5 feet deep or those of 4 feet had the best of the argument. Covering for the trees in the spring was also discussed, Mr. Bailey being for and Mr. Saul against its use. In my method of growing fruits, I have been greatly guided by the doings and opinions of these good gardeners of a generation ago, not fol- lowing their lead blindly, but always keeping their teaching in mind. Our late friend writes of having to water the trees after the crop was taken, and I have found it advisable to do the same on light gravelly soils, but it would not do here. I found the path in front of the trees always wet after rain, and the water would stand on it for some time. In that case I set about having a drain laid along the entire length of the border and 3 feet deep. The path and the border are now quite dry after rain, and even in dry seasons we do not water the trees. The soil is rather heavy, overlying what seems to be good brick clay. The Apricot is not like the Peach, subject to attacks of injurious insects, and nearly all the dif- ficulties that one has to encounter in cultivating it is in the roots getting into a bad subsoil, and which will often induce canker ; and it is safe to add, that any serious check to the development of the trees is followed by the same effect, and no other fruit trees are more liable to be attacked by canker. There is no remedy when once the disease is present. I hold to deep drainage of the soil where necessary, and cropping the ground over the roots very lightly, or not at all. I am convinced of the good results following the enticing of the roots to the surface by mulchings of decayed farmyard manure and the lea.'t possible digging of the soil, and thinning the spurs when they are crowded. All or nearly all the pruning and thinning should be done soon after the fruit is gathered, and the hest results are obtained when the wood is well thinned ont. Culture of the Apricot in pots is not to be recom- mended unless a house can be set apart for them, or they can be put with pot Cherries and Pears. I grew orchard-house trees very well for fifteen years, 21)2 THE GA nbE NE R S ' CHI? 0 Nl CL E. [Maech 8,. 1890. and found out, after two or three seasons' failure to get a good set of fruit, while Peaches, Nectarines, and Plums set freely, that the same atmospheric con- ditions would not suit the Apricot. Apricots and Cherries require a very dry atmosphere when the trees are in blossom, and not only so, but the air ought, if possible, to be in motion by night as well as by day. [As it usually is out-of-doors at that season. Ed.] A roughly built house where the air can find admission by cracks and crevices is the best. In some cases I would advocate pot culture, for the reason that I never saw a tree in a pot have cankered wood, possibly because there is perfect command of the roots ; in the second place, the fruit is always of splendid quality, and can be protected from wasps and premature decay. We lose quite half of our fruit on the walls if the weather is damp when it is ripening, by it decaying before it is ripe ; and lastly, well grown trees in pots are a source of enjoyment to their owners all through the flowering and grow- ing season, especially if Cherries and Pears are grown in the same house with them. Many persona have not a garden wall suitable for fruit culture, and cannot have one, and such, I am sure, would find the culture of fruit under glass interesting if not profitable. We do not expect to make profits out of our hobbies. One man may build a glass house (many do) for Chrysanthemums only, and their culture is quite as troublesome as that of fruit trees in pots. The question would be, which is the most satisfying ? J. Douglas. to endure the alternate snows and rains of an English winter. I formerly used to plant it in recesses under ovei hanging stones in a rock bed; but it never seemed to like being covered overhead, and used to lean forward to get out. For the last two or three years I have tried it on the perpen- dicular side of an old brick wall with a north- easterly aspect, where it continues to do well, and is very ornamental when in flower. C. Wollcy Dod. The Alpine Garden. SAXIFRAGA LIGULATA. This well-known hardy, but common large-leaved Saxifrage is now blooming in the open border, amid fog and frost and rain. Always early to flower, it appears to have been even more so this season, owing, no doubt, to the mildness of the weather [up till recently], which finds many things in a state of un- usual activity ; but its beauty seems lost in the open, and this is why it is I always grow a few plants in pots in a cool-house. Clumps placed in large pots will go on flowering freely in them for years, aided by an occasional top-dressing and some manure-water. When a specimen becomes unduly large, it is taken from the pot, divided, and planted out in the open for two years, in which time they attain to a blooming size, and can be potted under glass, and without the aid of artificial heat the flowers are produced in large pmicles ; they are deeply coloured and pure, because their lustre is undimmed by any taint from rain and fog. I wonder this plant — common as it is— is not more grown for cutting from at this time of the year, for it can justly lay claim to a large share of vernal beauty. I took a panicle of charming pink flowers to a Court florist in London a few days ago, who I imagined was well acquainted with the flowers that put in an appear- ance at this season of the year, and he asked in wonder and delight what it was. Not a particle of artificial heat is required to have it in flower in the early part of February. In early spring the plants can be stood out-of-doors, and remain there all the summer and until the autumn. I find the specimens in pots very useful for furnishing my forecourt garden during the summer. They put forth a lot of large bold leaves, which have quite an ornamental appearance. Other of the large-leaved Saxifrages are also useful for the purpose, but S. ligulata specially, because it blooms so early, if. D. Lychnis Lauaso.e. This pretty little alpine is often offered in nursery catalogues, being very easily raised from seed which It ripens abundantly, and looking very neat and gay when flowering in small pots in a frame. But to make it a perennial out-of-doors in England has puzzled most cultivators. It forms a small ever- green bush, with very fragile stalks, 3 or 4 inches bjgh, and is quite unfit, in ordinary exposed positions, SPRING-FLOWERING IRISES. The enthusiasm displayed for these lovely plants manifested by Professor Foster has stimu- lated others to undertake their culture. As a con- sequence, many more species and varieties are known in gardens than was the case a few years since. In beauty they stand a comparison with Orchids or any other group, but they have ODe defect, which in these days is a serious one— they are not useful for " cutting." This does not make much difference to the botanist and the enthusiast, for hardy spring flowers are always specially wel- come, and if one flower melt away, another takes its place. Iris Bakeriana, of which we give an illus- tration at fig. 45a, from a plant which flowered at Kew, is in habit like Iris reticulata, but the leaves are cylindrical and eight-ribbed, and the flowers have the fragrance of Violets. It was originally described in the Botanical Magazine, tab. 7084, by Professor Foster, and is further alluded to by Mr. Lynch in our issue for January 11, 1890. His remarks were supplemented on January 18 by some valuable notes from Professor Foster, who alludes to the great variability of the plant. The plant is a native of Armenia. Iris Bornmiilleri (fig.4oB) is a dwarf yellow-flowered species, in which the petals or " standards," of garden nomenclature, are so arrested in their development as to be almost obsolete. It was originally described in the Flora, 1889, p. 140, and is considered to be closely allied to the Armenian Iris (Xiphion) Dan- fordise. A full description, from a plant grown at Kew, is given by Mr. Dewar in our columns, January 25 of the present year. Like the preceding, the plant is a valuable addition to our spring flowers. THE CLEMATIS. the fine and large blooms of some varieties are. Alba Magna, Blue Gem, Fairy Queen, Gem, Henryii, Lanuginosa, Candida, Madame van Houtte, Princess of Wales, and Purpurea elegans, are amongst the best. These varieties flower successionally on the short lateral summer shoots, and should therefore be pruned down to about 3 feet from the ground every spring, to prevent them becoming long and bare of young shoots near the base, the tendency ol the plants being to develop new growth at the extremities. The Viticella and Jackmanni types flower at the same time in profuse continuous masses on the young summer shoots till the frost comes, making them very attractive. Of the former type the fol- lowing might be mentioned : — Ascotiensis, Lady Bovill, Mrs. James Bateman, Viticella rubra grandi- flora ; and of the latter, Gipsy Queen, Jackmanni, Madame Grange, Rubella, Jackmanni superba, and Velutina purpurea. These should be pruned so as to assist the development of strong shoots by cutting back the summer growth as soon as the frost has disfigured them. Clematises grow freely in most garden soils which are of good texture, but where it can be provided, a rich loamy soil is the best, and if this can be mixed with chalk or lime it is generally found beneficial. Thorough drainage is absolutely necessary to grow good healthy plants, and their strength should be maintained by manuring with horse or cow mauure at least once a year. For planting, the spring and autumn are undoubtedly the most suitable times. The uses to which the Clematis may be applied are numerous. They may be trained up verandahs, walls, or trellis-work ; made to climb up poles, forming pillar plants ; be festooned, run over masses of rockwork or rootwork, or trained over iron sup- ports as specimens for lawns. The summer and autumn flowering varieties are also used as bedding plants, the young shoots being pegged down before they get entangled. The best effect is obtained by raising the surface of the bed, or usiDg hooped rods, to display the flowers better, and edging the bed with white or yellowish foliaged plants. The beds should be well manured and trenched before plant- ing, and I should recommend, where it is possible, to plant the Clematis permanently, so that they Bhould not be disturbed, as each year they would get stronger, and flower even more profusely. A. G. Jack-man, Woking. These beautiful hardy climbing plants, of which there is such a large variety, are classified under the following types, and taking them in their order of blooming, the first is the Montana type, and which are spring bloomers. The most important are C. montana, which flowers in large clusters in the month of May. Next comes the Patens type, con- sisting of very bright, showy varieties, blooming principally during May and June, and of which the following are a few of the best: — Albert Victor, Miss Bateman, Miss Crawshay, Mrs. George Jack- man, Mrs. Quilter, and Standishii. These are succeeded by the double and single blooming varieties known as the Florida type, which flower during June and July ; the best varieties are Belle of Woking, Countess of Lovelace, Duchess of Edinburgh, Fortunei, John Gould Veitch, and Lucie Lemoine. All the above mentioned types flower on the previous year's wood, if well ripened, so that only the weak, straggling, or overcrowded branches should be pruned out, if a fine display of bloom is to be obtained ; and this should be done as soon as the winter frosts are over. The Graveolens type are late summer bloomers, but little planted ; and except to run over thickets, or over the stems and boughs of trees, the flowers being small and poor in quality. Of these are C. vitalba, though this in the autumn is very con- spicuous, with its shaggy plumose fruits, from which it has gained the name of Old Man's Beard. It is also commonly known as Traveller's Joy, or White Vine. The Lanuginosa type are the next in succession, flowering from July to October, and very effective Roses. TEA ROSES. The remarks on this subject by " Wild Rose " at p. 131 contains much useful general information on the quality and comparative hardiness of some of the varieties. No doubt some growers were anxious to contribute their quota of information to the Rose Conference, and sent in a list of names without sufficiently testing the merits of the different varieties under varying systems of culture. There could not be many of this class, and the aggregate mass of informa- mation would be sure to come out right, so that the Chiswick Rose Conference stands out boldly as one of the greatest floricultural, and, one may certainly add, botanical achievements of the year 1889. It might be well, when lists are sent in containing palpable errors, to consider whether it would be better not to publish them at all ; for instance, Madame Falcot is one of the most popular of Tea Roses— it is so very beautiful in the bud state ; but if it is recommended as an exhibition Rose on the strength of its popu- larity as a pretty little thing for button-holes, one must conclude that the person doing so cannot have had sufficient acquaintance with show Teas ; nor is anyone who does not know a Bourbon from a Tea Rose better qualified to give a list of the best Teas for any purpose whatever. The Conference has certainly served the very useful purpose of bringing before the public the names of the best varieties in the various classes. This is a most important con- March 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE: 293 sideration for those who have to purchase Roses. The trade lists are far too lODg, and they always have been so. I have been perusing a list of Roses published in 1833 by Mr. Wood, nurseryman, Wood- lands, Maresfield, Sussex, and of Paris, and it con- tains just 1000 varieties of garden Roses. Under the heading, Tea-scented Roses, there are ten varieties only, viz., Belle Felix, rosy-lilac; Bourbon, white ; Boutelaaye, pink ; Hymenee, white, yellow centre; Jaune Panachee, straw-colour and rose; Large Crimson, splendid crimson ; La Surprise, rose ; Rave du Bonheur, rosy-blush, yellow centre ; Roi de Siam,rpure white ; Strombio, cream colour. Roses. The Tea-scented Roses had not been thought of as autumn bloomers at that time. I have just turned to a report of the Grand National Rose Exhibition, held in St. James's Hall on July 1, 1858 (not July 3, as stated in Dean Hole's speech at the Conference), and on carefully scanning the names of the Roses exhibited, I find the follow- ing Teas only : — Souvenir d'un Ami, Gloire de Dijon, and Madame Bravy. Now Teas are the most popular of Roses, and deservedly so. They may be grown in every garden, for if the soil is not suitable, it may be made so. I have grown them in light sandy soil over gravel, and also over very heavy ii.ii, i MKG 1IOWRRIN1 IRISES: A, UAKKu's HtIS, FLOWERS PALE VIOLET, SPOTTED WITH B, EOKN.Mi i.lkr's iris, flowers yellow, (see 1'. 202.) Mr. T. Riven, Jan., of Sawbridgeworth, published his Rose Amateurs' Guide in 1839, and gives an inter- esting chapter on "The Autumnal Rose Garden,'' but in the descriptive list, I do not notice the names of any Tea-scented Roses. Lee's Crimson Perpetual was thought at that time to be one of the best autumnal Roses. It having been raised from seed in the gardens of the palace of St. Cloud in 1812. He says of it : — "Every garden ought to have a large bed of Crimson Perpetual to furnish bouquets iluring August, September, and October. Their fragrance is so delightful, their colour so rich, and their form so perfect." Mr. Rivers was of the opinion that the old red and white monthly Roses were concerned in the parentage of the perpetual brick earth. In the former case they were planted on the level ground, the gravel being so near the surface, that it had to be removed, and its place supplied with some heavy loam ; a depth of 18 inches was obtained over the gravel, and some good manure placed at the bottom of the trenches; and more of it, with another layer of it G inches or so under the surface. I have tried all sorts of manure for Roses, that from the pig included ; but I believe the best is a mixture of equal proportions of cow and stable manure. When the two are thrown up together they evolve a gentle heat. I tried on our light gravelly soil Teas as Standards, also dwarfs on the Manetti seedling Briars, stocks, and on their own roots ; some of them grew with the greatest vigour on their own roots. Safrano, an excellent variety in the bud state, was particu- larly vigorous on its own roots". I planted some hundreds of seedling Briars, and budded them where they were intended to bloom, but we had a deal of trouble with suckers— still they are not so bad as the Manetti ; I therefore go in for own root Tea Roses, and those that may be budded on the seedling Briar. In the heavy brick earth on a clay bottom, cold and wet, we have raised the beds quite a foot above the surrounding surface, and banked up the sides with turf; we filled up the beds to the above height with decayed turf, and some rotten manure. The ground sunk considerably the first two years, and the fresh lot of loam required to make up the beds again was an excellent stimulant to the Rose bushes, for it is not well to continue to replant the Roses year after year on the same space of ground without any addition of fresh loam, and even with that, they are not likely to do so well as they would if a fresh bed had been provided for them. I gave up standards because they were much injured or alto- gether killed in severe frosts. I have not planted any on the Manetti for many years, but confine all Roses, and those intended for pot-culture as well, to their own roots or those of the seedling Briar. Tin1 time of planting is of some consequence, an 1 in this connection the nature of the soil must be considered, for it cannot be supposed that 6mall plants of Tea Roses with stems not larger, perhaps, than a goose-quill, planted out in the autumn, will pass through a severe winter in a cold clay soil. It would be far better to plant them out from pots in March or April, as in that case they would have a good chance to become well established during the summer, and flower in the autumn. It is a good plan to place decayed manure around the roots of newlv- planted and old Roses before frosts set in, J. Douglas, Cumiiiv; NiFBBTOS at Home. A few days ago, in looking through the well- appointed nurseries of Messrs. Keynes, Williams 8k Co , Salisbury, I was pleased to see a tine speci- men of this Rose in full flower. The plant is growing in an 18-gallon petroleum cask, with the bottom removed, ample drainage and good loamy soil being provided ; and last year some of the leading shoots attained a length of 37 feet. These were trained unde.neath the roof of a span-house, the tub being stood on the floor at the north end of the house, which runs north and south. Thus trained, the wood got thoroughly ripened before the fall of the leaf; the strongest Bhoots were then shortened back to promote a balance of growth in tin' plant, the weak ones being spurred back, as in a a Vine ; with the result, that in due time the several shoots pushed into growth as regularly as a well ripened young Vine would do. The plant in question was started only two months ago — that is, the house having a bed of tan in the centre, and a stage on either Bide for propagating purposes— was kept close then. Now the roof, both sides, is furnished with fine healthy foliage and substantial blooms for a distance of about 25 feet. The blooms number about 150, and twice as many are showing in the bud. Of course a plant of this description requires and receives generous and judicious treatment both at root and branch, in order to maintain it in such a fine free- flowering condition. The roots are, there- fore, kept well supplied with clear water and liquid manure during the growing season, with an occa- sional surface-dressing of artificial manure before giving water. This is evidently a very valuable Rose for private and marketing purposes. II. W. Ward. A WlTTY FLORIST. — At a florist's. — Customer; How much for the Lilies of the Valley? Florist; Five shillings a bunch. Customer: Too much. Florist: Well, madam, if you will have the Lilies of the Valley, you must pay the "valley " of the Lilies. 294 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 6, 1890. The Herbaceous Border. Vegetables. DWARFING HARDY PERENNIALS. Br continued observation in the direction of dwarfing plants, I am enabled to speak with con- fidence. In making selections of hardy herba- ceous plants for given purposes from time to time, I have been compelled to omit many of the best and showiest by reason of their height, but this inconvenience is now overcome, by adopting the cutting down or "dwarfing" plan; for example, in years gone by I should never have thought of in- cluding Chrysanthemum serotinum or Pyrethrum uliginosum, as it is more generally called, in a col- lection of plants suited to a border not more than 3 feet wide, but to-day I do not hesitate in the least, us by cutting down this plant it may be had in all its beauty and freedom of flowering at from 2} to 3 feet high instead of G feet. It is in consequence a plant of far greater value than hitherto ; the value of this method of dwarfing was discovered a few years ago, and quite accidentally. In the month of June I had occasion to move a large batch and replant for stock purposes, at this time it had made about 18 inches growth, and knowing that these latter would never pick up again after having once flagged greatly, 1 pruned them back to about 9 inches from the base, replanted them, and gave them a thorough watering. A week or two later, in spite of this apparent unfavourable treatment, the plants began to break away freely, and eventually they flowered at their usual time, though of only half the common height. The bed, in fact, was very effective, with its hundreds of large white blossoms, and not more than 3 feet high. 1 at once saw that plants so treated had increased value, and every year since 1 have allowed the plants in one-half of the bed to attain to their full height, and cut the other half down at the time stated, to serve as an illustration to visitois. For large beds in parks this plant so treated would be an excellent subject. Having satisfied myself of the utility of the method, I resolved to ascertain how it might be extended to other plants, with the result that it is equally suited for all the taller Michaelmas Daisies, the taller herbaceous Phloxes, Sunflowers, Heleniums, many of the taller Campanulas, Delphiniums, and others of similar growth. All these are rendered eligible for even small borders, from which they were often excluded on account of their altitude. The adoption of this method will tend to open up a wider sphere of usefulness for tall-growing plauts, and greater numbers may now be employed iu gardens, where hitherto they were not admitted. E. Jenkins. Trees and Shrubs. THE FLOWERING ASH (FRAXINUS ORNUS). Now that the planting season is on, it may be well for me to direct attention to this handsome, but neg- lected tree. The Manna, or Flowering Ash, a native of the South of Europe, was introduced to this country iu 1730, and it is somewhat remarkable that it should still be rare in our gardens. At Holwood, near Bromley, Kent, there is a specimen growing which is fully 35 feet high, with a stem girthing 4 feet 7 inches, and 3 feet 11 inches, at 3 feet and 5 feet from the ground, and the spread of the branches 27 feet iu diameter. This tree has a nicely rounded head, is well and evenly branched, and when laden, as it is every year in the spring, with panicles of large cream-white flowers, is as pretty as it is unusual. The flowers are of good substance, and remain good for a long time. It is hard to pro- pagate, and this may be one reason for its present scarcity, and as it is seldom asked for iu our nurseries, a large stock of it is not kept on hand. JL D. Webster. CELERY. It seems to be the custom with m any culti- vators of Celery to choose the largest kinds, and, as a corollary the tallest growers, which, in my opinion, is a great mistake, as in general the tall varieties are much less solid in texture than the rather dwarf Celeries, and these latter require con- siderably less earthing and protecting to blanch and tide them safely through the winter. Anyone who has grown the two must have experienced this, and they have been most fortunate, if at the time of using the long stalked varieties they have not found them pithy, a very common occurrence, though such may answer for culinary purposes. As flavouring, they are quite unfit to serve as a salad. I find the best Celeries for eating in the raw state are Veitch's Solid White and the Sandringham or Incomparable White, and the varieties though dwarf in stature are massive and have few outside leaves, and much heart, which, owing to their compactness of growth, blanch very easily, and are of sweet flavour ; some gardeners consider the Reds to be hardier than the Whites, and it may be that they are so, and if so, I know of none better than Major Clarke's, which is of medium height, and compact in texture. To have Celery in use in the autumn it is necessary to sow by the end of February, but as plants raised thus early cannot be relied on to stand long without bolting, the main crop should be sown bill towards the end of March, and then it is a good plan to have a bed of mild fermenting material made up, on which to place a frame to sow the seed in. If this is done on fine light soil, pressed quite firm and level, and the seed just covered, it will soon germinate, and should then have air, when the weather is favourable, to keep the young plants from drawing. To prepare these, and have them sturdy, with plenty of roots, choose a site with a solid bottom, and put 9-inch boards round it, so as to make up a temporary frame for any old spare lights to be laid ou to protect the young Celery. This done, the next thing is to spread a layer, 2 inches thick, of old Mushroom dung, or very rotten leaves, and on it a little soil, and then prick out the plants at about 4 inches apart, keeping them close and shaded for a few days or a week to give them a start, after which full light and air must be given. What has to be attended to when this stage is reached, is, that the plants should never get dry at the root, as that tells much against them, and is a frequent cause of their running to seed. It will be found that Celery treated in this manner will lift with firm masses of roots from the hard floor, and will go out into the trenches without feeling a check. We always have ours between Peas, as both crops are benefited, the Peas by having plenty of room, and the Celery slight shade, which, in the summer months, is just what it likes. J. Shcppaal. Plants and Their Culture. Treatment of Forced Plants. — Plants that have been forced are often placed by the gardener on one side, and neglected till it is too late in the year for new growth to be made that will be of any use for next season's bloom. I know that at this period of the year there is usually a want of space in many gar- dens, still much may be accomplished if means are taken to give the forced plants a place in which they may continue the growth commenced in the forcing- house. For this purpose, fruit-houses are often available, and the back parts of plant-houses and frames, but I do not advise the use of the fruit- houses in cases where the plants are infested with mealy-bug or scale ; moreover, I consider it to be a waste of time to force plants that are infested with mealy-bug, as the warmth soon increases the mischief. Any hardy plant that has been forced should have suitable shelter given it, as exposure out-of-doors for one cold night will do great mischief, and this plan should be followed even if the plants will not be required for the next season. Azaleas demand especial care. Indian Azaleas when past their best should have atl the seed-vessels removed, and be placed in a house witli a moist-growing tem- perature of 55° to 60° at night. In greater warmth than this, or when placed close to hot water-pipes, thrips become very troublesome. I would not advise placing these plants in a vinery, they being liable to be infested more or less with thrips and red-spider. Any of the Azaleas which may be infested with either of these insects should, after blooming, and before more new growth is made, have a thorough syringing with tobacco water and soft soap, or other insecticide. As soon as new growth commences, the plants may be watered occasionally with a fertiliser. Small plants should be repotted before placing them in heat, using for the purpose good peat and plenty of coarse silver sand, well-drained pots, and doing the potting firmly. The mollis varieties of Azalea should, if possible.be kept growing in an intermediate temperature, such as is afforded by a vinery or Peach house just started. These plants may in a few weeks be removed to a cold house or pit, and gradually hardened off. Deutzia gracilis should have extra care, so as to get strong plants for next season, and need to be treated like tho Azalea mollis ; but if not in good condition they should now be repotted, and have a few of the strong roots shortened ; the plauts maybe grown for a time iu a warm house. Spiraias should be protected until the time arrives to plant them out in the open. Primulas, in order to bloom well next year, need protection in a frost-proof house for a time. Most hardy plants, as Rhododen- drons, Viburnum opulus, Andromedas, and the like, are all of them benefited by not being exposed to frost at this season, but gradually hardened off, and finally plunged or planted out on a warm border. Lilies of the Valley after forcing, if kept moist in a cool frame, matted up at night, and planted out, are very serviceable for cutting purposes after the offsets have reached two years of age. They require a good compost at planting. Most kinds of bulbs are serviceable if protected in this way and given a place in the open ground, producing much bloom the following year. When planting the Lily of the Valley and bulbs, care should be taken first to divide them. Geo. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. The Inmates of the East India House. — Calanthes of the Veitchii and vestita sections are now sufficiently forward in growth for repotting, which ought not to be delayed, the young growths being liable to get bruised if it be done late. The compost may consist of about three parts fibrous loam, that is fresh-cut turf well pulled to pieces, with one part of peat and chopped sphagnum moss, and the addition of a little silver sand. The compost should be moist, but not sufficiently so to bind together ; the size of pots may be twenty- fours (7 inch), and these may be filled to about three-parts with potsherds, a little sphagnum moss being placed over these to keep fine particles of compost out of the drainage ; and lastly, about an inch of the compost is placed over this last, and rammed down firmly. The pseudobulbs. if large, may be put to the number of four, and if of ordinary size, five are not too many to put iuto a pot, each being placed in position and the soil made firm about it before another is placed in the pot. When finished, the soil should only be about three-quarters of an inch from the rim. This will give space for watering when the roots and growths are well advanced. No water will be necessary for at least three weeks after potting, and, if possible, newly potted plants should be placed upon a shelf or staue-very near to the glass, and in a temperature of 05°. Where a plant stove is at command, it will be found one of the best places for Calanthes at this period, much heat and moisture being alike necessary. Great care must be exercised so as not to syringe the pseudo- bulbs overhead when the young growths are coming through the soil, or spotting will at once occur with its attendant ill effects. Maxillaria Sanderiana dof s well with us in thishouse. Cielogyne barbata, a useful winter flowering species, is now starting to grow, and should be repotted, if found needed ; a compost of one-half peat and one part turfy loam and sphagnum moss is suitable. Epiden- drum nemorale should be kept dry, the pseudobulbs March 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 29o being just preserved from withering. Once a week mild fumigation may be done, to keep thrips and aphis in check, care beiDg taken that the leaves of the plants are quite dry at the time it is done. The house should b" syringed twice a day. Where warm Orchid houses have an arid atmos- phere, the present time is a good one to plant out- some ornamental foliage plants under stages and on the walls, these things adding to the appearance of a house, anil retaining moisture better than bare surfaces. Suitable plants are Fittonia9, Tradesean- tia9, Panicum variegatura, the Rex varieties of Begonias. Sflaginellas, dwarf and tall Ferns. Hnya carnosa, Philodendron9; burrs from the brickkiln, and masses of tufa or soft sandstone have a like effect in retaining moisture. The Intermediate- house. — Vanda tricolor and V. suavis should be shaded from sunshine, and but little water supplied to them as yet, the small quan- tity the plants require being given with the syringe. Plants which are bare of foliage should have their stems syringed to induce the forming of new roots at that part. Vanda ceerulea should now be repotted, and little water given it for the present. The repotting of Anguloas may now be done safely, a compost of turf, peat, and sphagnum moss being employed. It is better to pot or dress these plants before they lose last year's foliage, the roots then being less active, and less susceptible to injury. Scale is a pest to which these plants are very sub- ject, and to rid them of it, they should be sponged with soft-soap and water occasionally. The tempe- rature at night may be 58°, with a rise of 10°, with sunshine by day, but less than this will be sufficiently warm for the plants if the weather be sunless. A. G. Colt, Pariheld, Worcester. The Flower Garden. Beddiso Plants.— Continue the potting up of all antumn and spring struck cuttings — the latter as soon as they are sufficiently rooted : and keep all of them in a temperature of oS° to 6(J° by night, until they have become established. Pot off or prick off into pans and boxes seedlings of plants, the 81 eda of which were advised to be sown in the previous Calendar, not allowing the little plants to remain in the se< il-pots till the roots get interlaced, hut taking them in hand as soon as a few true leaves are made. Propagation— Push forward the propagation of tender bedding plants, and afford the cuttings increased temperature, which they will now stand. No time should be lost, the importance ol strong and well established plants at bedding-out time not being possible to gainsay. By a neglect of this precaution a considerable part of the season goes by before any fine elrVcts can be looked for. Cuttings of Pansies should now be put in for late summer flowering plants. Seeds of all the (lowering plants useil in the flower gardens should now be sown, and these should in- clude Asters, Zinnias (both the tall, and the dwarf Liaageana varieties), Ten-week Stocks, Verbenas (especially the striped varieties). Petunias, Pnlux Diuinmondi (including P. II. cuspidata), herbaceous Phloxes, &i\, Sweet Peas — that is, for early bloom, sowing them like the earliest culinary peas in pots and hardening oil'. All seeds of summer climbers, such uk CobuJa scandens, Tropicolum eanariense, Lopho-- periiiuui, Maurandya, &c„ require to be sown now, if I hey are to cover the space designed tor lli -ill early in the season. Gladiolus. —The tirst planting of these should now be made ; if in the mixed herbaceous b irders, clumps of Irom three to seven may be planted ; but where they are grown for cut dowers or exhibition pur- poses, a properly prepared bed or row will be the best. In either case the soil should be deeply dug, and a liberal dressing of well decayed manure anil leaf-mould added, and if the soil be heavy, a handful of sand and leaf-mould should be placed around each corm, these being placed at about 3 inches beneath the surface. Flower- Hi (h — Where the summer arrangements include Pansies, Violas, and any other such hardy subjects, also HowKr-bed edgings of Stacbys, Ceras- tium, Saxifraga, Thyme, &c, all of these plants may now he planted. In no case should edgings made of the above be allowed to remain for more than two years without their being divided and replanted in the spring. D. C. Powell, Powderham Castle, Devon. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Ohchard and other Tress. — Spcure all standard trees planted in the autumn to stakes, as those put to them at that time will be found to have got out of their proper position. Place a piece of hayband neatly between the tree stem and the stake, which will then do no injury to the firmer. Dwarf grow- ing fruit trees may still be planted, and these, if well attended to. will do fairly well. At this place a few years ago, the building of a wall was not finished until ibe month of April, and for which trees con- sisting of Plums, Cherries, and a few Pears had been ordered to be sent at once, and some of these had started into growth, and a few were in bloom. The tree border was ready, and holes were dug in readiness for their reception when they came to hand. After being planted, they were kept syringed twice, and sometimes three times a dav, and were shaded. The result was that every tree made good growth and some fair sized fruits were gathered. I mention this to show that when circumstances have prevented the operation of planting being done in due season, trees may still be planted if extra care be taken. Early forced Strawberry plants if in- tended to be planted, a good practise generally, should be carefully hardened oil' in cold frames or under some kind of protection, so as not to have their crown buds damaged by frost. A. Evans, Li/the Hill, Stul Fruits Under Glass. IVuhks am) Nk r.imvi a — Early- house fruit will now require judicious thinning. One fruit to a square foot is the orthodox quantity, but seldom carried out. Over-cropping is a serious matter ; it is better to have fewer good fleshy fruits than a larger number of stones and less Hesh. Disbudding will require weekly attention, shoot9 having healthy ■welling fruit at their base should be stopped at three leaves, and shoots retained should be lied occasionally. Give the warm borders rather weak liquid manure. Shut up early before the sun leaves the house, giving a good shower bath. Night tem- perature, 6(J'. ICeep a look-out for aphis, and fumi- gate slightly for two or more nights in succession when the foliage is quite dry. Give an occasional syringing with clarified soot-water, and also damp down with strong liquid manure at clo.ing time, both being preventives of insect attacks. Allow the sun to run the temperature up to 90°, with judicious ventilation ; but be on the alert for draughts, so prevalent in this month from dry east winds. Second and later houses must have daily attention. Pull oil' deformed Bowers, and those growing under- neath the branches, leaving only those best placed. Spur (lowers also may be thinned, and where two or three (lowers are in a cluster, reduce these to one. Close all houses at least an hour before the sun leaves them to economise tire-heat. /■'■ 8ti '< rry house. — Remove pots of ripening fruit to a warm dry shelf near the top ventilators, to improve the flavour, water with clear water, and do not hurry tin- colouring. Keep successional plants more moist alter flowering, give a night temperature of .Mi', and the day temperature may inn up to 60 to 80° bv sun-heat and ventilation. The small Sowers and weak trusses of plants in Sower may be thinned; six to eight fruits to a 5-inch pot will be found a fair crop. La Grosse Sucre? is the best early forcing Strawberry. Place into the pits fresh batches of plants according to demand. Syringe twice daily all plants except those flowering or ripening. Plants on dry shelves will be assisted if a 6-inch square of turf, hollowed out a little in the middle, be placed under each pot. The roots will soon benefit from this. Von iii/ Vims. Cutbacks lor next year's supply Bhould now be shaken out, and repotted into 12-inch well-drained pots, using the best procurable turfy loam, mixed with some i-inch bones and old mortar rubble; plunge in bottom -heat of 70°. Succession vines should be tied into place, and the disbud- ding closely attended to. Gradually withhold syringing of the foliage, and remove tbe beds of fermenting materials, if any, from the house, and keep a sound covering on the outside borders. The present is a good time for starting a house of Madresfield Court Vines, Muscats, Lady Downes' Seedling, and other late varieties. Vigorous canes should be tied down bow-wise to induce a regular break of the hack buds, and to this end the ammonia arising from a heap of fermenting materials within the house will assist the outer border being covered to protect it from snow and rain. If late Black Hamburgh Grapes are required, the house should be kept open, dry and cool, until the vines start of themselves. Early Melons will in many cases have reached their trellis, and by way of prolonging the rioening of the crop, I recomm-nd every alternate plant to be stopped as soon as four or six leaves are on the trellis, setting the crop from the laterals springing therefrom. Allow the other plants to eo nearly to the top of the trellis before stopping their leaders, removing the lower laterals as soon as seen. Add a little fresh fermenting material as required, in order to maintain a bottom-heat of 80° to 90° ; encourage sturdy, healthy growth, to stand sunshine later on, without which luscious fruit cannot be obtained, and no forced fruit better repays generous treatment than the Melon. Prepare successional plants for planting out. Sow Blenheim Orange seeds now. This kind will perfect splendid fruit in the ordinary dung-frame, if well prepared and skilfully handled ; whereas for house culture, under liberal treatment it will (if true) be found the very best of Melons. Grow in heavy loam, well rammed. Cucumber-house.— With increased light, better growth and fruit will be made freely by the plants sown last August for some months yet, if not over- cropped. Crowding of the foliage, followed by hard prunings, is ruinous to Cucumbers; moreover, they are often planted too thickly, for no plant better likes extension trailing. They require but little top ventilation ; indeed, market-growers' houses are often erected without it, and the atmosphere cannot well be too humid and close. Prepare plants for the dung-frames, sowing at once a good strain of Rollisson's Telegraph. The materials for these frames should be well sweetened, and its gross fermentation subdued by two or three turnings before the bed is built up. Soil of a lighter character than that chosen for Melons is desirable, using a small quantity at tirst, as best results are obtained by frequent top- dressings. If'. Crump, Ufadreffield Court, Malvern. The Kitchen Garden. Font in Potatos. — Potatos in frames should be carefully examined; give tepid water if dry; water, however, should be sparingly given till the plants attain good size. It is best to give the waterings on bright mornings, so that the leaves may get dry be- fore night. When the plants are 0 to 8 inches high, earth up with moderately light soil slightly warmed, raise the frames, if movable, to prevent the tops coming in contact with the glass ; give abundance of air at nil favourable times, but avoid a cutting draught; also, well cover up at night to prevent a chill. Parsley, early sown in pans or boxes in mild heat, should be pricked oil' either into small pots or b ixes. allowing 2 or .'! inches between the plants. Place the pans as near the glass as possible. With care these will produce an abundant supply severul weeks before the outside sowings. Bruss 'Is Sprouts and Cauliflowers should now be pricked off in boxes: this should be attended to early, or damping off will ensue. Of the Erfurt type three may be pricked into a pot, to be subse- quently turned out and planted without separating them; but the larger types will require much more room. If seed of the former has not yet been sown, no time should be lost in getting it in, especially in cold northern districts, it being essential to get good strong plants at an early date. French Deans. — To assist the formation of good fat pods, give weak liquid manure each alternate watering — that made from deer or sheep- droppings suit beans well. Syringe the plants twice daily, except on wet or foggy days, and pick off the pods, when large enough, so as to give the smaller ones a better chance to develop. Toese pods may be tied u;> in bundles and stood with the ends in water, and placed in a col spot, when they will keep for a few days. Place twiggy sticks to succession plants, when large enough, tirst top dressing if required ; bow more seed every fortnight, either in fruiting pots or small GO's, according to circumstances, H. Mark' liam, Msrcworth Cattle, Maidstone. 296 THE GARDENERS' CHNONTCLE. [Mahch 8, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loal events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, floioers, trees, fyc, are also solicited. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETINGS. SHOWS. t Royal Horticultural of Jersey. WEDNESDAY, Mar. 12 -j' Royal Aquarium: First Sprin« / Show (two days). SALES. (Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, &c.,at MONDAY Mar IoJ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. .UUADAl, .WAR. 1U< M ,„_„, o,.„i, ... mi,- u..„. Nursery Stock at The Nu Romford, by Protheroe & Morris. i Roses, Greenhouse Plants, &c., at TUESDAY, MAR. 11 -J the City Auction Rooms, by Pro- ( theroe &. Morris. I Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border | Plants, Sec, at Steveus' Rooms. WEDNESDAY, Mar. \2> Lilies. Roses. Greenhouse Plants, j &c, at Protheroe & Morris' f Rooms. l Orchids in Flowerand Bud, 10,000 THURSDAY, Mar. 13-] Liliuni auratum, &c, from Japan, ( at Stevens' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 42°1. A considerable number of sug- o -i d gestions, some ot a contradictory character, and others that are impracticable, have, we learn, been received by the committee appointed by the Royal Horticul- tural Society to consider the subject, but these being still under consideration,we are not at liberty to say anything more about them at present. If, however, we may judge from the correspond- ence that has reached this journal on the sub- ject, it would seem that there is a pretty general unanimity of opinion except upon one point, and that is as to the form of nomenclature to be adopted for minor variations and for cross-bred plants. All agree that Latin names, given and registered by a competent botanist, should be assigned to species and varieties, e.g., Cattleya la- biata, and Cattleya labiata Mossire, C. labiata Dowiana, C. labiata Mendeli, and so on ; but when it comes to such variations as are represented by names as Cattleya labiata Mossise aurantiaca grandiliora, or Cattleya labiata Mosske kermesina marginata, there is apparently a divergence of opinion. Some are of opinion that the style of nomencla- ture adopted for florists' flowers is the best for such minute subdivisions, whilst others claim for them the application of Latin names, with the result as above seen. The names applicable to crosses too will need urgent attention. We need not point out the possible vulgarisms and awk- ward expressions that may result from names expressive of the parentage of particular Varieties. Such cases might even entail an occasional action for libel ! On the other hand, if we are to combine the Latin names of both parents into one appellation, we shall have, as in the case of the Cattleyas just referred to, appellations of ten words in length ! It would seem therefore that a middle course is preferable, and this, no doubt, will be duly considered by the Committee. M. Godefroy, who was asked to favour the Committee with, his views on the subject, has preferred to publish them independently in a re- cent number of the Orchidophile. M. Godefroy would call an Orchid that was worthy of cultivation by a short euphonious name ; if it were ugly, then he would not object to any bar- baric name being applied to it ! M. Godefroy', like every one else, would leave the naming of species and varieties to the botanist, but in the case of garden varieties raised by the gardener, he thinks very justly that the latter should be con- sidered in the matter. In the case of a first cross, M. Godefroy upholds the usually adopted plan of combining the names of the two parents, e.g., Cypripedium javanico-superbiens ; but when the hybrid is again crossed, say with C. barbatum, we should be burdened with such a name as Cypripedium javanico-superbiens barbatum, and so on. It is evident that this system would break down under its own weight. M. Godefroy goes on to sug- gest that each species, say of Cypripedium, or other genus, should be designated by a letter, thus, Cypripedium barbatum would be indicated by the letters C. 15. ; Cypripedium insigne would be noted as C. I. and so on. Hybrids would be named thus : — C. Leeanum, C. I. X Sp., to indicate that C. Leeanum was a cross between insigne and Spicerianum. In cases where a cross was effected between a species and a hybrid, C. Schrodene, for instance, M. Godefroy would write C. Ca x Sc x Lo; that is to say, " C. cau- datum x Schlimi x longifolium, or Schlimixlon- gifolium — Sedeni." If a hybrid be fertilised by a hybrid, e.g., Sedeni and grande would be thus indicated, " C. Sch. x C lo X Ro X Ca." These examples, says M. Godefroy', have not cost him anything, and he does not expect to derive much profit from them ! In all this, as it seems to us, there is an attempt to mix up distinct things, viz., the application of a name, and the history, and sometimes even the structure, of the plant. In rare instances this can be conveniently done, hut in the majority of cases the attempt to combine these objects, lands us in a slough of symbols, and crosses, and syllables which, however useful for the purposes of the botanist, are worse than useless for the gardener and amateur. One of the golden rules of botanical nomen- clature is that which forbids us from attributing to any author, words or names that he did not employ, or a meaning for which he cannot justly be held responsible. Now if a Latin name be given to a plant, the inference is that the plant so-named has been examined, named, and regis- tered by a botanist, and further that the plant is, in his opinion at least, a definite species or variety. But a Latin name as applied in gardens without authority, is, so far as its name goes, an impostor, pretending to represent something which it does not. Even when plants are submitted to a botanist, there comes a limit to his discriminating power, or at any rate to his power of so describing a plant as to be in- telligible to others, or so as to admit of accurate comparison with other plants. Again the points of distinction, such as they are, may be of little moment botanically speaking, but quite other- wise from the point of view of a horticulturist, especially of a commercial horticulturist. "When this limit is reached, then we think the use of Latin adjectives should cease, and be replaced by some other system of naming. The botanist, moreover, may be right or wrong, if right, the name he proposes will remain ; if wrong, it will have to be changed, and everyone who cares to do so will be able to consult the registers and ascertain the history of the plant and form his own conclusions. But if Latin names are to be applied indiscriminately, and to variations which defy accurate definition in words, great confusion will arise, nobody will be respon- sible for them, and there will be no authentic record or description to refer to in case of doubt. For these reasons, we deprecate the employ- ment of any appellation which by its character may give rise to a false inference. If a plant has a vernacular or a fancy name, we know at once that we have to deal with a garden-plant which may be a variety of some botanical species, or an artificial production. In either case its beauty and interest are in no wise lessened by a " fancy name, even for botanical purposes, though some fear that its commercial value might be lessened. The cosmopolitan nature of Latin is, of course, an enormous boon, and it is one of which we can, to a considerable extent, secure the benefit without engendering the confusion begot of imitating botanical names proper. Such names as Cattleya Apollo, Cypripedium Minerva, would be understood all over the world. They would be specially applicable to crosses of various degrees, if written with a X , and their history could be recorded in any suitable publication. If some scholar could devise some Latin form for naming garden plants of uncertain standing, and one which would not be open to the objection of con- flicting with proper botanical names, he would be doing a service. The nearest we can get to it at present is to add the suffix hort. to the Latin name. This answers well in writing, but is otherwise use- less. But on all these matters we may expect shortly to be guided and directed by the collective wisdom of the nomenclature committee. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The monthly meeting of the committee of the above took place at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, on Friday, the 28th ult., Mr. George Deal in the chair. The minutes of the last meeting having been signed, the Hon. Secretary read a letter of thanks from Mis. Wildsmith, in rep ly to the resolution of condolence on the death of her husband, an active sup- porter of the Fund. Among the special donations and subscriptions handed in was one of £15 from Mr. William Bobinson, and one of £14 Us. lid. from Mr. J. Hughes, the local secretary at Birmingham ; and £2 16s. from Mr. J. Hussy, Hains Hill Gardens, Twyford, local secretary for that district. The matter of the annual floral fits at Covent Garden in aid of the Fund, then came under consideration, and a letter was read from Mr. J. Bourne, stating that the Duke of Bedford was willing that the Flower Market should be again utilised for that purpose. It was resolved that a meeting of the standholders of the Market be called at the Ilummums Hotel, Covent Garden, on Friday, the 14th inst., at 9 p.m., to solicit their co-operation in carrying out the fete, and to appoint a committee from their number to work in conjunction with the committee of the Fund. It was also resolved that, consistently to the convenience of the President, and the engage- ment of the Hall, the annual meeting of subscribers, the election of children to the Fund, and the annual dinner take place at the Cannon Street Hotel on Friday, July 18. The Secretary, having brought up [The Gardeners' Ohranit-K llarvli 8, 1S90. Jr'lO, 46. — ONK 01 TBJB l.l*M OiiC'UlLio, UHAMUmlOPllYLLUM SPJiClOoUM. (ans f. 287). 298 THE GARDENERS' CITRONICLE. [March «, 1890. a statement as to the probable income of the Fund for the current year, and the sum available for allow- ances to children, after funding the donations, &c, as prescribed by the rules, it was unanimously resolved that ten children be placed upon the Fund at the next annual election in. July. The usual vote of thanks to the chairman closed the proceedings. Rationalism v. Empiricism.— In relation to the very interesting discussion takiog place in our columns, we may incidentally refer to one par- ticular instance, because it is one we earnestly de- sire to see tested in practice by those who have the means. There is, as we have already indicated in these pages, an astonishing diversity of minute structure in the leaves of Orchids. That diversity, unless we are incapable of forming just inferences, is certainly connected with the relation of the plant to varying degrees of light and moisture. The structure in many cases furnishes indications as to the amount of shade required, the quantity of water demanded, and the power of resistance to adverse con- ditions. Few more promising researches could be carried out than one into the structure of the leaves of tropical Orchids, either from the point of view of physiology, or of its application to the requirements of the cultivator. The Director of the Jodrell Laboratory could institute few more important inquiries. " Kew BULLETIN."— The last number of the Kew Bulletin is devoted to a list of seeds of hardy herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees which may be had by way of exchange from the Royal Gardens at Kew. The list occupies no fewer than thirty-three pages in double columns. THE WEATHER. —It is only a short time since we were chronicling the advent of early flowers, and the writer of extraordinary Gooseberry paragraphs was in his element in the daily papers. He will have to try another tack, and the weather will help him. Here is a fact for him — the thermometer at Shirley, near Croydon, registered, on the night of the 3rd — 4th, as many as 203 of frost. This is something extraordinary. Messrs. Seeger & Tropp.— a short call at this compact and well-stocked nursery at East Dulwich was sufficient to prove that an interesting addition has been made to Orchid-growing establish- ments round London. It is small in size, but not an inch of space is wasted, and every scrap of it is devoted to Orchids. Messrs. Seeger & Tropp are importers, and dispose of their produce largely by auction sales, especially on the Continent ; but that they are experts in cultivation is shown by some tine pieces of Ladia purpurata in variety showing for bloom, as well as forms of Cattleya gigas, San- deriana, and a very fine sample of Odontoglossum coronarium, and another of Sobralia Cattleya. There is a very rich collection of Masdevallias, no fewer than 117 species being cultivated. Of course, at this season there is not a great display of flower, but there are several forms of Odontoglossum triumphans in bloom, vaiious Cypripedia, including C. bellatulum, Oncidium aureum, Sophronitis grandiflora, and others. The strictest cleanliness is practised, and its good effects are visible in the health of the plants. The Horticultural Hall.— We are informed that Lord Rothschild and Mr. Hambro have each expressed their willingness to contribute £1000 to Baron Schroder's Trust Fund. Berlin Great General Exhibition, from APRIL 25 TILL May 5.— The Horticultural Society of Prussia, of which His Majesty, the Emperor of Germany is Protector, will arrange a great general (international) exhibition from April 25 till May 5, as we have already communicated to our readers. Since that time the applications for space have in- creased so much, that the large space will scarcely be sufficient. In addition to Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands specially enter into competition in truly grand style. The Reichskanzler has per- mitted plants from Great Britain and Ireland, also from Russia, to be sent direct to the Exhibition Hall, and there be examined as to their freedom from Phylloxera by Mr. W. Perring, Inspector of the Royal Botanic Garden at Berlin. They will require no certificate at all respecting Phylloxera, only a certificate from the exhibitor that the plants come from his establishment ; even this will not be absolutely necessary. Those English firms which, even under these facilities will not venture to send plants are requested to send cut flowers. A supple- ment to the schedule will be published in a few days, with some new competitions (also for cut flowers), and with a large number of honorary prizes. The city of Berlin has given six prizes, each 500 m. (£25) ; His Majesty, the Emperor, a large gold medal ; Her Majesty, the Empress Augusta Victoria, a fine vase in porcelain ; Her Majesty, the Empress F'hederice an honorary prize, as also the Duke of Ratibor, the Minister Fkiedenthal, and many private persons. Applications for programmes and supplement should be made to the Secretary General of the Verein zur Befcirderung des Gartenbanes, Berlin N. Invali- denstrasse 42. The term of application has been extended to March 20. Chiswick Horticultural Society.— Rose exhibitors have a good open class provided for them at the exhibition of this Society on July 10 next, in the form of a special prize, consisting of a Silver Cup, value 20 guineas (in addition to a 1st prize of £3) for twenty-four Roses, three blooms of a sort. There are also money prizes offered as 2nd and 3rd. The cup is offered by J. Mantell, Esq., one of the conditions being that it must be won three times, but not necessarily in succession. The Canadian Import Duty on Fruit.— The fruit growers of Canada are urging a re-impo- sition of the import duty on fruit, as they begin to fear that without this protection the retail trade may pass into the hands of the United States. Show Fixtures. — The following dates are announced : — Maidenhead, August 14 ; Hammer- smith, July 17 and November 6; Chiswick, July 10. Ealing Horticultural Society. —This Society, which formerly embraced Acton, Chiswick, Hanwell, and Brentford within its radius, will now confine itself to the parish of Ealing ; the prizes for Roses, open to all comers, have been withdrawn from the schedule. Mr. Dean, the Hon. Secretary for the Society for the past fourteen years, has re- signed that post; his successors are Mr. J. A. Dawes and Mr. George Cannon. Reading Gardeners Mutual Improve- ment ASSOCIATION.— A well attended meeting of this Association took place at the " British Workman," on Monday evening, and Mr. It. D. Catchpool, a Vice-President of the Associa- tion, presided. After the usual business had been disposed of, Mr. J. P. Jones gave a lecture on " The use of Flowers," and exemplified it with illustrations of table decoration!'. The lecture was of a varied and interesting character, and a vote of thanks was unanimously accorded to the lecturer. THE MARKET TRADE. — Young men advertising for situations in private gardens can hardly fail to notice the number of vacancies found in market establishments. If anything could indicate the growing development of the market trade, apart from statistics, it is certainly found in the numerous advertisements of vacancies in market growing gardens. The remarkable demand now made for Tomatos has given a great impulse to trade in the market direction, and, once well supplied, other elements of a popular kind will follow; indeed, there seems to be no finality to the production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers for market sale. What seems to be so obvious is that, in spite of extraordinary competition, money is made ; but then when the control of the temperature in all glasshouses is abso- lutely at the command of the gardener, production of that description ought to flourish. It is out door culture which labours under so many dis- advantages. The Southampton Horticultural So- ciety.—We observe that Alderman W. H. Rogers, J. P., has just been elected to the post.of chairman of the committee of this well-known horticultural society. It seems odd that so eminent a horticul- turist should not have been invited to occupy such a position earlier, but once a chairman is elected, it is difficult to replace him by another, heuce an old soldier who has been not inefficient has held the post for some twenty-six years, and only gave place to a capable gardener when ill- health inter- vened. The Society seems to have got a little mixed in its work, having become the promoters of sports and athletics apparently far more largely than of horticulture, hence it is not a matter for surprise that its finances should not be in a flourishing con- dition. Should the new chairman be enabled to give to the Society a more purely horticultural aspect, and relieve it from its sport associations, it may not only occupy a higher gardening status, but be enabled to show a more flourishing balance- sheet. SOMA. — Dr. Aitchison, in a paper read before the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, draws attention to the fact that there has for some time past been a good deal of talk in India as to what the plant " Soma " of the ancients could be, as from it used to be prepared a strong drink by the priesthood. Ephedra pachyclada is known throughout Atl'ghanistan as Hum — Huma — Yehma, and is at present employed by the Parsees in their fire-worship. Some suppose that this may have been the Soma of the ancients, as it corresponds in a degree to a very vague description given in the old Sanskrit writings. On my leaving Tash, in Persia, on the outskirts of the village, I came, says the doctor, upon an old woman who held in her hand a small dish, on which were some live coals. As I came near she placed some twigs on these coals ; they burnt up, and gave forth an odour long forgotten by me. It was the odour of the burn- ing of Juniper twigs ; I jumped off my pony, and got my interpreter to question her for me. The lady was a Persian, a Mahommedan, making a fire-sacri- fice, with good wishes for my journey, and hoping for the charity of the stranger. She allowed me to examine the twigs she was employing. They con- sisted of Juniperus excelsa and Ephedra pachyclada, the Bymbols of two very different religions — the former being used by the Bhudists, and the latter by the Parsees or fire-worshippers. Was it by accident that these two symbols were thus used to- gether, employed by a follower of a third religion— that of Mahomet ? I leave this question for others to answer. Culture of Plants in Alpine Regions — M. Gaston Bonnier thus concludes a communica- tion to the Paris Academy of Sciences on this subject, in which he shows that certain modifications and adaptations are directly due to the climate:— " Other things being equal, in plants cultivated in the alpine regions it may be observed that the branches spread more widely, are shorter and closer to the soil — that the flowers are more highly coloured, the leaves thicker and of a richer green. The protecting tissues of the stem are more developed. Owing to the greater thickness of the palissade tissue, and the abundance of chlorophyll, the assimilation by the leaves is proportionately increased." NATURE NOTES. — Under this alliterative title the Selborne Society, with whose aims every lover of natural history must sympathise, now publishes a monthly journal. It is edited by the Rev. Percy Myles and Mr. James Bbitten. The object is to Mabch 8, 1890.] 7 'HE GA U D E N E R S' OH It 0 XI 0 L E. 299 establish a connecting link between uninstructed love of Nature and scientific knowledge, and this it will strive to compass by fostering accuracy of obser- vation, profitable comparison, and systematic methods of study and record. The British Museum and the Royal Gardens, Kew, will be utilised, and the admirably instructive series of typical forms and structures in the Natural History Museum will furnish the opportunity for conveying knowledge pleasantly. The magazine costs but twopence per number, but its value and interest seem to be in inverse proportion to its cost, PRIMULA SINENSIS.— Many err in growing too many varieties, and consequently having too many shades of colour. A houseful of red, white, and "blue," alone at Aldenham House, the residence of H. H. Giebs, Esq., displays a far better selection. In about equal quantities are Chelsea Red (Vbitch), Chelsea Blue (Veitch), and Avalanche ( William- i. Mr. Beckett has grown his Primulas well, and the effect is all that could be desired. In their own house they are kept in their batches, but when taken out for use, they are disposed as required. Craig y-nos Castle.— We have been informed by a correspondent of Madame Adelina Patti's wish to erect at Craig-y-nos Castle a winter garden, which will measure 101 feet by 7U feet, with a curved roof of 45 feet. The roof, which contains about 8000 square feet of glass, will be covered by Me-s;s. Sam Dbards & Co, Limited, with their " Victoria Dry Glazing," which is alleged to be the only method of glazing without the use of putty which is capable of resisting the heavy gales common in that part of the country. Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, from the Journal of l: from j). 266) : — "MiiutB, Chables 1739—1817): b. Chelsea?, 1739; d. London, 1817. Younger son of Philip Miller. First Curator of Cambridge Bot. Gard., 1702— 1770. Went to India, Sumatra, lie., 1770, and settled at Bencoolen. Experimented on culti- vation of Wheat. Letters to J. Murtyn in Bot. Dept., Brit. Mus. Gorham, 114; Account of Sumatra in Phil. Trail!"., lxviii., L60; Rees, under Philip Miller. "MlLLKB, John Samuel .11. 1817—1828). Nur- seryman. A.L.S., 1817. Of Bristol. Herbarium in City Library, Bristol? ? Author of 'Nat. Hist, of Ciiuoidea,' Bristol, 1821. Dr. John Evans, ' Picture of Bristol,' ed. 1, 1828. "Millhi, Philip (1691 1771 . b. Deptlord or Greenwich, 10'Jl ; d. Chelsea, December 18, 1771 ; bur. Chelsea Churchyard. Gardener at Chelsea, 1722 — 177* '. ' Hortulanorum princeps.' 'Gar- deners' Dictionary,' 1731—1807. ' Catalogue of Trees .... near London,' 1730 i published anony- mously). ' Catalogus pi in Hort. Chelsey- ano,' 1730. 'Introduction to Bot.' 170U. Her- barium of exotics bought by Banks, now in Bins. Brit, ltees; Pritz., 618; Jacks., 681; Gent. (lag., lxxvii., 1807, i. 520, 1828, June; Linn. Letters, i. 255 ; N'ich. Illust., i. 323; Semple, 79; Felton, 138 ; Cott. Gard., v. i,">7 ; vii. 109; Journ. llort., xxi. 1870, 76; Loudon, 'Arboretum,' 81. Fancy engr. by Muillet in ' Dictionnaire des Jardiniere, 17- i, Portr. Kew. Inscribed column, 1815, in Chelsea Churchyard. Milk ria L. " Mil' m, I'ii. j mas ul, 1795 L837orl838). Cura- tor Oxford Bot. Garden before 1796. A.I..S , L795. Contrib. to With. Arr. ed. 3 (i. xii.). "Milne, William Grant nl. 1866) : d. Creek Town, Old Calabar, May 3, 1866. 01 Edinb. Bot. Garden. Botanist to expedition of 11 M.S. Herald to Fiji, 18o6. Collected on W. Coast of Africa from 1862. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Tram. Bot, Soc, Edin., viii. 485 ; Journ. Bot., 1857, '106; 1866,272; It. S. C. iv.o'jr, , vni. HH, Qard. Chron., 1866, 731." Publications Received. — 'the Book of the Farm, by H. Stephens 4th edition, revised by J. Macdonald. Division IV. (Edinburgh and London : Wm. Blackwood & Sons.)— Our Hardy Fruits. By B. Wynne. (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode). — Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. xvii., part iii. Trade Notice. Sam Deards&Co., Limited.— The first annual general meeting of this Company was held at the Company's offices, Dashwood House, New Broad Street, on Monday, February 24, A dividend of ~h per cent, was announced. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. PHA1US TUBEBCTJXOSTJS. The secret of growing this handsome plant, which has baffled so many growers, seems to have been hit by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. In the warm house in which the N'yruplucasare growing, the water occupies the whole of the base of the house, and suspended near the roof are large numbers of Phaius tuberculosus on rafts on which lays a little sphagnum moss only. These plants, after growing with much vigour, are now sending up flower-spikes very pro- fusely, and some flowers are already expanded. Oncidium ampliatum niajus. and other plants which are not noted for being good doeis generally, seem also to grow to perfection in this tank house. Co .ink I I.Ai'i IDA. Two large specimens of this, each with fifty or sixty of its long pendulous sprays of white flowers are now in bloom at Aldenham House, Elstree, and are such fine objects as to cause one to wonder why the fact of its being a well-known species should cause its beauty to be ignored. Mr. Beckett, the gardener, says that his plants never fail to flower well, as do the plants of C. cristata and its varieties, whose bloom are not yet over. J. O'B. llown h HOUSE, PbBBTON, The principal feature in E. G. Wrigley's Sne col- lection at the present time is the display of Phala - nopsis, which fill the front of a large lean-to house, facing north. There are upwards of Beventy spikes ot 1'. Schilleriana, Stuartiana, amabilis. Sanderiana, gloriosa, &c, now open, and the prospect on enter- ing the house is a very beautiful one. The plants are in excellent condition with abundance of fine large leaves. The back stage of this house is filled with choice Cypripediuins in excellent condition, and C. bellatulum especially so. The adjoining house is gay with Cattleya Trianse and Lycaste Skinneri, &c, in flower, C. Trianiu alba being a very beautiful example. Some of the L. Skinneri were carrying over a dozen blooms from a bulb ; L. Skinneri alba had nine flowers open, and is a good form of this fine variety, the flowers being large, very pure, and of substance. •/. ./. COLTLHI 01 OljUSTOliLO.NSUMs. Nearly every cultivator of Odontoglossums re- commends the use of small pots. When beginning, many years ago, I, of course, followed the instruc- tions of practical men, hut, having remarked, during several years, that most of the roots pre- fers,I, so to say, to remain on the upper part of the pots, and that those that went deeper down suffered more or less, I tried another system. I tied the plants to sticks made of Yew, about 6 inches long, putting these into pots and filling the lower part with crocks, &c, and the rest, up to the plants, which were about 2 inches above the rim of the pots with a mixture of peat, sand, sphagnum moss, and a little good leaf mould and crocks, covering the surface with living moss, not sphagnum. Soon good results showed themselves— the bulbs grew larger and the plants improved generally. Seeing this, I went still further. I had low but broad baskets made, and planted the bulbs in the same way as above. The improvement was soon still more apparent, and many of the plants of O. Alexandra;, &c, which formerly produced only one spike on a bulb, have now two, the plants looking very robust and healthy. A young plant of O. roseum, planted in this way last year, has now on two bulbs four spikes with twenty flowers each, and there are bulbs of O. Pescatorei 4y inches long and 3 inches broad. No stimulants are used. I, of course, do not presume to say that this system is perfection, I only wish to state the fact that under the conditions by which the Odontoglossums grow here, they have considerably improved under the above treatment. I have tried the following species: — Odontoglossum Alexandra;, O. Pescatorei, O. Rossi majus, 0. roseum, O. cirrhosum, and On- cidium maeranthum. 0. /•'., Lehenhoff. Cattleya Teianjj Measuuesiana. This is undoubtedly the finest variety of Cattleya Trianre in cultivation, and distinct from all others, in its large broad labellum, which is of an intense lake-crimson colour throughout, and without margin of any other colour, so usual in varieties of C. Trianse. Near the orifice of the lip the colour deepens in in- tensity and brilliancy, forming an unequal ring, and being carried well back in the tube where it is re- lieved by a yellowish streak irregularly wedge- shaped ; the sepals and petals are rosy-white, the latter very broad, forming a striking contrast to the rich dark colouring of the labellum. On the same bench, and near this matchless plant, was the true Cattleya Trianic alba, with its snow-white blossoms, and no suspicion of any other colour save and except- ing the lemon blotch on the lip. This is one of the rarest of white Cattleyas, comparable, and remind- ing one of the beautiful C. Bluntii. •/. .iy the Lent Lilies were well above ground, with (lower-stems one or two inches above ground also. I wish some capitalist gardener could be induced to come to this place ; it might be to Scot- land what the Scilly Isles are to England. Even in the eye of the wind Snowdrops were in bloom on December 31, and the Lilies were hanging their heals preparatory to bursting into bloom. Honey- suckle is in full leaf against the house, and this in the rhins of Islay, where there is scarcely a shrub to be seen for miles — an open, rich alluvial country, with the ocean everywhere, and a stretch of Irish land in sight, from Kathlin to Instrehull. Thermo- meter to-day 80° in the sun, 6." in the immediate shade. /. S., Cladville, Islay. MULCHING— Pea? and Broad Beans, which have recently been transplanted from pots and boxes to warm borders and more exposed parts ot the garden, should have a mulching of short dung laid on each side the rows of plants. This, in addition to keep- ing the soil about the roots of the plants warm and moist, will also shield the haulm from frost and injurious winds, and thereby increase the crop and extend its bearing period. H. W. W. CINERARIAS AT GREAT DOODS.— A tine batch of plants isjust now a very conspicuous feature in these gardens— and well exemplifies the state of perfec- tion to which the florists have brought this flower. A dwarf plant of compact habit has long been familiar to us, and recently very large flowers of great sub- stance, regular form, and often with a broad, well defined central ring of white. In many of the large flowered strains the head of flower is not so full and compact as might be wished, and sometimes the edges of the leaves curve upwards. In Mr. Browns strain all these defects seem to have been got over in a great measure, ami the plants have a compact full head of bloom that is thrown well above the foliage; the individual flowers are large and of good substance, of varied shades of bluish-purple, carmine, magenta, &C , and often furnished with the white /.one before mentioned. But in some of the plants, this zone or ring is produced in a rather different manner to what is usual ; the petals being of a dark purple— with a ring of rosy-carmine instead of white, the flowers thereby gaining in distinctness. Should this break become general, or extend to other colours, we shall then possess a very distinct strain of the Cineraria. From what has been said, it will be seen that the strain is already distinct in these points, and the foliage is larger and of better substance than in others, and it is without the objectionable upturned edges — and hangs well over the edge of the pot — an undeniable advantage in plants employed in decora- tion. Although the pots in which the plants are grown are small ones, it is astonishing what satis- factory results are attained by judiciously assisting the plants with liquid manure. /■'. ff, PLAQIOLIRION HORSMANII.— Do 1 understand that l'lagiolirion Horsmanii is planted out in the open ground at Messrs. Sander!' If so, the plant of it which I have has been kept in much too hot a house, which no doubt accounts for its being far from as vigorous as you describe it to be at Messrs. Sanders. I should like much to know whether it is really hardv, or how much protection it requires. C. W. Strickland. CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM.— In the paragraph at p. 198, referred to by Mr. II. J. Loss on p. 306, " barbatum " was inserted instead of " Lawrence- anuin," which was intended. If his C. callosum has hairy warts on both edges of the petals (not sepals us he states), it is an exceptional variety, and another proof that probably several of this section, which are considered distinct species, are local forms or modifications of C. barbatum, which in ('. barbatum pulcherrimum so closely approaches a small form of C. callosum as to deceive a good judge at a short distance. ( In the other hand, the large dorsal sepal of C. callosum more nearly approaches that of C. I.awrenceanum, and apparently in Mr. Boss's plant having the petals clothed with hairy warts on both edges, it takes another step towards that species. J. O'B. TRAINED SPECIMEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS. A South-eastern Flat Trainer " seems to have taken a somewhat one-sided view of my remarks on p. (j'J'J, vol. vi , due probably to his adopting the flat system of training himself. All that I intended to convey was that third-class workmanship is not deserving first-class pay. Not being an exhibitor at Kingston, I had no other motive than to call attention to an unmistakably badly trained lot of plants, and which I looked at again and again, wondering why they had been awarded 1st prize. I also spoke to several gentlemen present, and learnt that many others had been trying to solve the same problem. It may be satisfaction to your correspondent to know this, and surely judges even at Chrysanthemum shows are liable to err at times. One exhibitor told me he had never seen a worse lot at Kingston than those to which my remarks applied, and I certainly never have myself. There- fore I c intend that the judges would have been within the exercise of their prerogative had they, in this instance, withheld the 1st prize and awarded the 2nd— a very simple matter, for if memory serves me right, there was only one group in the class referred to ; and the fact of judges withholding prizes absolutely, where the exhibits are not deserving award, is certainly nothing new. I am not aware that I have suggested training without staking ; this is absurd. What I distinctly object to in trained specimens is, that there shall be more sticks and cross.stems in full view than anything else — a state of things rendered more displeasing from the fact that many of the final ties had been done so recently, that much of the foliage was on exhibition the wrong way up, and surely a good trainer of specimen Chrysanthemums would never permit, this. E. Jenkins. LA GROSSE SUCREE STRAWBERRY.— I have again to record my favourable experience with this excellent Strawberry as a first early forcer, and contend that it has no rival, being better in all points than Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury, Noble, Pauline, aud King of the Earlies, each of which it has honestly beaten by nearly a week, and under equal circumstances and conditions, and was ripe on Feb- ruary 22. La tirosse has a stronger constitution than the above-named varieties, in standing forcing better, in freedom of flowering, and puts up stout flower stalks, followed by much larger fruit, and which swell away vigorously from the first ; lastly, the fruit is firm, and packs and bears carriage to long distances by railway without injury. I have heard the flavour of I. a Grosse abused, but in February Strawberries I will waive that; but I cannot admit its accuracy, nevertheless. Noble will probably be tried again, but it takes a week longer to ripen than La Grosse Sucree, and the fruit is softer. Hericart de Thury is small and sweet, and only a few days later than I. a Grosse Sucre.', but we cannot get the trusses out sufficiently far over the sides of pot. Pauline does not set its fruits properly, consequently they come deformed. King of the Earlies is a weakly grower, Black Prince subject to mildew, and Keen's Seedling is a bad traveller. Henceforth, La Grosse Sucree and President will be our mainstays for first and midseason forcing Strawberries. W. Crump, Madretfield Court, Malvern. SINKING TUBS FOR PLANTS— Those who have to contend with the difficulties in horticultural prac- tice that are found in places where soils little suited to plant culture exist, will best appreciate Mr. G. F, Wilson's idea of isolating particular plants or bulbs by sinking tubs filled with the preparation of soil their distinct occupants require, and thus securing them from the invasion of more vigorous and encroaching associates either in the border or shrub- beries. It occurs to me that in that way Rhododen- drons and other American plants may be grown in limestone districts. Many attempts in such localities have been made by excavating holes, and filling them with peat, but hitherto failure has generally attended such experiments. Heavy rains, by carrying the lime-charged water to the beds, and a too porous subsoil, having greatly contributed to it. If Mr. Wilson finds the plan advantageous, possessing, as he does, deep beds of Peat and a light siliceous soil, the delight of Lilies, as the stalks crowned with bloom that tower above one's head at Wisley sufficiently testify, how much more valuable we may expect it to prove in situations where clay, more or less calcareous, prevails, for even in such positions pockets of peat soil are soon deteriorated by means of worms and invading roots. I have, by way of experiment, employed the barrels in which American Apples are imported ; these filled with — to us — the precious commodity peat, aud other pre- parations, when necessary, for Lilies, and sunk amongst shrubs, lead me to look forward hopefully to some degree of success hitherto unobtained in their culture. IV. Ingram, Bclvoir. THE JOS FLOWER of the Chinese has received considerable attention in England this winter, although 1 fear some amateurs have been disap- pointed when their plants flowered ; they having thought that it would prove to be something more than an ordinary Narcissus, and be that as it may, it still remains a desirable plant, especially as it stands 304 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 8, 1890. forcing, and floweis freely. The method in which it may be grown will have a charm to many, and perhaps next season the bulbs will be somewhat cheaper than they were advertised this past season We put in three bulbs of Narcissus Tazetta, but of what variety I do not know, but they were good large bulbs, and while the Jos flower has been flower- ing for some time past, these are only some 4 inches in height, though they have received the same treat- ment, and were planted at exactly the same time. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cambridge. Societies. The Apiary. BEE-KEEPING AS AN OCCUPATION FOR WOMEN. The following, though it comes over the great herring pond, from the American Bee Journal, is very applicable to our country : — The question may be, and no doubt often has been, asked, " Is bee-keeping a suitable or desirable occu- pation for women ? " and after having given it a fair trial (says Henrietta F. Buller) for the last eight years, I am of the opinion that there is no reason why any woman of moderate strength and ordinary intelligence should not be able to take charge of an apiary of from thirty to fifty colonies with very little assistance, and derive both pleasure and profit from the employment. At the same time I doubt whether there are many who would succeed very well in carrying on the business alone, though of course there are a few who would. In reading the numerous bee papers that are pub- lished nowadays, one frequently meets with articles on the subject of whether it is best to make a specialty of beekeeping, or combine it with some other occupation. Now, I do not believe that the farmer can himself carry on both farming and bee- keeping successfully ; but if he has either daughters or sons who will make a specialty of this depart- ment—bee-keeping—it may be very advantageously combined with farming, and I do not know of any reason why girls might not make as great a success of the business as boys. The wife is supposed to have her hands quite full enough with household work, and, I may say, her head too; and, for any one, either boy or girl, man or woman, to do any good with bees, they must give them their indi- vidual attention, and be really interested and enthu- siastic overt heir work. " Eternal vigilance is the price of success " in any business, and in none more than in bee-keeping. It is not only a labour, but a science, and will make constant demands not only on the patience but on the bodily strength and intelli- gence of those who engage in it; at the same time, there is a fascination about the business which relieves it of all tediousness. A woman will think of her bees, study about them, and become so inte- rested as to be almost paid for her work by the love of it, I believe it would be well worth while for any one who has not been in the way of having the manage- ment of au apiary to spend one season with a skilful bee-keeper before embarking in the business on his own account, as he would then find out not only the best methods of working, but also whether the kind of work suited him. However, even with this pre- paration, all will not succeed ; for I know a lady who took this course, and afterwards failed entirely when she was working for herself, while others who have only learned what they could from books and papers, besides the suggestions and instructions given them by more experienced bee-keeping friends, have done very well. In conclusion, I may say that a great deal of the work in the apiary is quite as well adapted for women as for men, and also in the care of the honey, and in preparing it for market. Where they are more likely to feel their deficiency is in the lack of skill to do the various carpentering jobs that seem to be inseparably connected with bee-keeping. I imagine that it is the exception rather than the rule to find a woman who knows how to handle car- penter's tools, though even this they may acquire enough of to answer the purpose where there is a necessity for so doing. Bee . THE SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. This Association held its thirteenth annual general meeting on the 4th inst., in 5, St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh, Mr. D. P. Laird, Vice-President, in the chair, the meeting being a crowded one. The Treasurer, Mr. A. Mackenzie, Warriston Nursery, read the financial report for the past year, which showed that the income was £53 7s. 10.W., and the expenditure £31 10s. 9d., leaving a balance^ of £21 l"s. 1MI. to the credit of the Association. The Secretary's" report showed that the past year had been one of great prosperity, and that the influence and usefulness of the Association were steadily extending. Both reports were approved of^ and cordial votes of thanks were accorded to the Secre- tary and Treasurer for their able services during the past year. The election of office-bearers for the ensuing year then took place, as follows :— The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry. K.T., Hon. President ; Professor Bayley Balfour, President ; Mr. liobertson Munro, Abercorn Nursery, and Mr. Carruthers, Hillwood, Corstorphine, Vice-Presidents; Mr. R. B. Ferguson, of Messrs. Munro & Ferguson, 6, South St. Andrew Street, Edinburgh, Secretary ; and Mr. A. Mackenzie, Warriston Nursery, Edinburgh, Treasurer. In the room of five retiring members of Council, the following gentlemen were elected:— Messrs. D. P. Laird, Alex. Milne, P. W. Gray, John Methven, and Alex. Calder. The chairman announced to the meeting that on the occasion of the first monthly meeting of the session (April 1) the Rev. G. Marjoribanks, of Stenton, would deliver a lecture to the members of the Association, the subject of the lecture being " A Trip Across the American Continent." There were some interesting exhibits on the table. Mr. James Brown, The Gardens, Ardarroch, Dum- bartonshire, was awarded a Cultural Certificate for two fine specimens of Dendrobium nobile, each with about 150 blooms of very large size and splendid colour, and a grand plant of D. Wardianum with over 200 blooms. Mr. Alexander Chalmers, The Gardens, Terregles, Dumfries, exhibited an Odontoglossum ot the crispum tvpe, which was alleged to be " a natural hybrid," but which was decided to be an ordinary O. crispum. The spike of blooms was fine, the flowers were white with very slight markings. Mr. Wm. Minty, The Gardens, Isle of Raasay, Stromeferrv, exhibited a curious example of " sport " in a Dutch Hyacinth, the peculiarity of which was that two spikes of flowers grew from one bulb, each distinct from the other, not only in colour, but also in the shape and size of the flowers, and also in the build of the spikes ; each was perfect in its way, and there was no evidence of fas- ciation. From the same exhibitor came some good blooms of Rose Gloire de Dijon, grown in the open air in Raasay, and also sprigs of Ficus stipulata from a north wall in the same place. Messrs. Dickson & Co., Pilrig Nurseries, Edin- burgh, exhibited blooms of the pretty Cyrtanthus McKenni, and the curious Gladiolus atroviolaceus. The several prizes offered by the Association for essays on various subjects by assistant gardeners, only drew out one essav— a miserable response— by the young gardeners of Scotland, in the course of a year. The solitary essay was by Mr. Alex. Munro, journey- man gardener at Powfoulis, Falkirk, the subject being, " The best Method of Procuring a Supply of Cut Flowers all the Year round ; " and the writer was awarded the usual Certificate of the Association. extreme south-east of England, however, the snowfall was considerable. "The temperature has just equalled the mean in ' Scotland, E.' and ' Scotland, N.,' but in all other districts it has been below the normal value. In 'England, S.W.,' the deficit has been 5°, and in ' England, E.' and 'England, S.,' as much as 6°. The highest of the maxima, which were registered during the earlier days of the period, ranged from 46° in ' England, E.' to 56° in ' England, S.W.,' and to 60c in ' Scotland, E.' (at Ochtertyre). The lowest of the minima were recorded either on Friday or Saturdav, where the thermometer fell to 20° in • England, S.W.,' 21° in ' Scotland, W.' and ' Scot- land, E.,' 22° in ' England, S.,' and to between 23° and 28° in most other districts. " The rainfall has been the same as the mean in ' England, N.E.,' but in all other parts of the king- dom the fall has been less than the normal. In most districts the fall was extremely slight. " Bright sunshine shows a very decided increase on that recorded during the previous week, the per- centage of the possible duration having ranged from 17 in 'Scotland, N.' and 'Ireland, N.,' to 31 in ' England, S.,' 32 in 'Scotland, W.' and 'England, N.W.,' 43 in ' England, S.W.,' and to 58 in the Channel Islands." fBv the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or auy other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. RAINFALL. ""I"" Accumulated *is Day- SI ~ !l" Si- Day- j Day- deg. deg. + 26 — 55 + 13!- + 4- bti .i— 16 - l- ;, + 201- 37 + 17 - 51 + 12— 40 + 8+23 — 1—21 + 5 0 -r 71 — 21 I 1, 7 - — 40 6.7 the first column are The districts indicated by number : the following :— Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N.; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing %c. Districts - 7, Scotland W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England, S.W.; lu, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. Markets. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 1st, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The weather during this week has varied con- siderably in different parts of the kingdom. At first it was rather mild and generally fair over Ireland and Scotland, and rather cold and dry, with local mists and fogs over England. Towards the end of the week it became cold and wintry in all districts, and slight falls of snow, alternating with bright intervals, were experienced over Great Britain, as well as in some parts of Ireland. In the CO VENT GARDEN, March 6. Market still inactive, prices remaining unaltered James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. • d. s.d. i.d.t.d. 0-18 0 Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 0 0 42 0 Fems. in var., dor. * 0-18 0 Ficus elastica, eaoh .16-70 6-10 6 Foliage plants, vari- 0-3 0 oub. each 2 0-10 0 0-24 0 ! Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-24 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0- 9 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, p. 0-12 0 doz. pots IS 0 24-0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 O 0-60 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 : Pelargoniums, Bcar- 0-18 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 Roman Hyacinths, 0-18 0 I per dozen pots ... 9 0-12 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 I Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Christmas trees, doz. 4 Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 Dracaena tenninalis. per dozen 30 viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 March 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 305 Cur Flowers.— Averase Wholesale Prices. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 Acacia (French) bun. 0 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 Bourardias. per bun. 0 CallaaethioDica,12bl. 3 Camellias.white.doz. 2 — various, per doz. 1 Carnations, 12 blms. 1 Chrysanth., 12 bun. 4 Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 Daffodils, doz. blooms 0 Eucharis, per dozen 3 Gardenias, 12bloomel2 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. 4 Lilium, var., 12 bl.... 2 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 — French, per bun. 1 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-4 0 N.ir various, doz. bun 1 Pelargoniums, Bcarlet, 12 spr 0 — dozen sprays... 1 Primroses, 12 bun. ... 1 Primulas, double, 12 0-2 0 sprays 1 0-12 0 ) Roman Hyacinths, 4- 0 9 Eng., doz. sprays... 0 4-10— (French), 12 bun. 1 0-50, Boses, Tea, per doz. 1 0-24 0 — coloured, dozen. 2 6- 1 0 | — French, dozen ... 1 0-6 0 — red, perdozen ... 4 0-6 0 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 1 6— 1 0 ' Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 1 Tuberoses. 12 hims.... 1 0-9 0 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 0- 4 0 I Violets. 12 bun. ... 1 6-20!— French, bunch ... 1 0-60'— Parma, bunch ... 3 0-2 0 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-8 0 fi-26 0-16 0-12 0 6-2 0 6- 1 U 0-2 0 0- 2 O 0-4 0 Orchid-bloom : ety. Fbcit.— Avebage Wholesale Prices. t.d. t.d. I t. d. t. d. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 — Nova Scotia, brl. 12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, EDg., lb. 1 0- 1 6 Cobs, per 100 lb. ...140 0- ... j —St. Michael, each 3 n_ « ft Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- 5 0 | Strawberries, oz. ... 0 9-16 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. t.d. t.d. t.d. t.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Crew, perliO 12 0- ... punnet 0 4- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch .. 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 H- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Seakale, puunet ... 2 0 ... Celery, per bundle... 16-20 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Cucumbers, each ... 10-16 Spinach, per bushel. „ 4 0- ... Endive, perdozen ... 2 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Brunei Sprouts.pr lb. 0 3- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... , Tomatoe, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Lettuces per dozen.. . 1 ft- ... Turnips, per bunch, .Mushrooms, punnot 1 6- ... new 0 1 ... Potatos:— Supply of old Potatos continues plentiful, and the market has a tendency to fall. Fresh arrivals oi Canary new potatos; price from 16>. to 22*. ewfc. Market quiet. Infe- mplea difficult to wll except at Lower figures, [few Potato I simples quickly cleared at 20*. to 24*. i wt. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : March 5. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane. London, report to-day's market thinly attended. There is more in- quiry for field seeds, and the very low prices all round now ruling in London prove very agreeable to buyers. Choice lied is obtainable at unprecedentedly cheap rates. Alsike and white firm. Trefoil steadv, but quiet. Fine Rye-grasses could never before be bought at to-day's quotations. Rapeseed is in- quired for. Birdseeds sell slowly. There is more doing in Blue Peas. CORN. Averages.— Olficial statement showing the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, in the week ended March 1 :— Wheat, 29s. 10'/.; Barley, S0». II'.; < )iit«, 1 — . Hd. For the corresponding period in 1889 :— Wheat, 29s. Id.; Barley, 26s. Id.; Oats, 16*. Sd. FBTJITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfiki db : March 5.— The supplies exceed the demand as regards fresh vegetables and Potatos. Fair supply of foreign fruit. Good demand. Prices were as follows : — Caulillowers, 5s. to 10s. per tally ; Savoys, 2s. to 4s. do. ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. Grf. to 2s. per sack ; do., Gd. per sieve ; Turnip-tops, Is. to Is. 6d. per sack ; Spinach, Is. per bushel ; Curley Kale, od. to 9r7. do. ; Seakale, Is. to Is. (if/, per punnet ; Greens, Is. 0V/. to 2s. 6*1.. perdozen bunches; Pars- ley, 2.n. (W. to .'is. do.; Carrots, Is. Go", to 2s. (xl. do.; Turnips, 2», 6d. to .is. do.; Parsnips, id. to 9d. per score; Beetroots, id. to Bd. per dozen ; Horse-radish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle ; Celery, is. to 12s. per dozen bundles; Leeks, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen; Mustard and Cress, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets; Endive, Is. (id. to 2s. per dozen ; English Onions, 10s. to lis. perewt. ; Spanish do., 10s. to 12s. per case ; Bordeaux do , Is. to 8s. Gd. do.; Dutch do., 7s. to Ss. per bag of 110 lb.; Belgian do., 7s. to 8«. do.; English Apples, 5s. to 8s. per bushel ; American do., 16s. to 26». per barrel ; Dates, 13s. per cwt. Stratford: March 4. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : — Savoys, 4s. to 6s. per tally; Cauliflowers 5s. to 10s. per crate. Turnips, 30s. to 40s. per ton ; Carrots (household), 38s. to 40s. do. ; do. (cattle feeding), 10s. to 22s. do. ; Mangels, 14s. to 17s. do. ; Swedes, 15s. to 18s. do ; Onions, English, 10s. to 12s. per cwt. ; do., Dutch, 7s. to 8s. per bag ; Apples. English, 3s. to 7s. per bushel ; do., American, 18s. to 25s. per barrel ; Celery, 4s. to 10s. per dozen rolls ; Rhubarb, Is. 9c7. to 2s. per dozen bundles. POTATO? . Borough a«d Spitalfields : March 4. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 99s. ; Magnums, black, 35s. to 50s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 50s. ; Lincolns, 40s. to 60s. ; Torks, 45s. to 70s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 95s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: March 5. — Quotations: — Hebrons, 40s. to 65s.; Imperators, 45s. to 65s.; Magnums, 40s. to 50s. ; Regents, 50s. to 60s. ; Champions, 40s. to 50s. per ton. Stratfoed: March 4. — Quotations: — Scotch Re- gents, 55s. to 65s. ; do. Magnums, 60s. to 70s. ; English Regents, 50s. to 60s. ; Light English Mag- nums, 40s. to 65s. ; dark do., 35s. to 40s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 18s. to 92s. ; inferior do., 46s. to 75s. ; hay, best, 60s. to 87*. ; inferior do., 25s. to 50s. ; and straw, 26s. to 38s. per load. ©tutuara?. Wa announce with regret the death, at the age of sixty-eight years, of Joseph May, after a short ill- ness, on the 25th ult. The deceased was for many years well known in Covent Garden Market, and was for the last twenty years in the service of Messrs. John Waterer & Sons, Bagshot, Surrey. He was an occasional contributor to these pages. Notices to Correspondents. Correspondents tending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research fir their solution, muitnot exp'ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current ireek. Specimens should he carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. \ . m , fob int. Disposal of Choke Fruit ami (TLOWBR8: IS. P. We know of no such agency. There are " direct supply associations " of various kinds, but how these differ from the much abused commission agent, we have not discovered. Bamhoo Rods: D. E. We must decline to re- commend tradesmen. Advertise your wants, or examine the Garden Directory, under the heading, " Horticultural Snndriesmen. ' Books. — Artificial Heating and Ventilation : W. H. A practical treatise on Warming Buildings by li"t Water, Steam, and ll«t Air, anion Venti- lation, by Chas. Hood. Published by Messrs. Simpkin, Marshall & Co., and Messrs. S| , London. — On Farming, Scientific and Prac- ii, \i //. It. The Book of the Farm, by Hy. Stephens, fourth edition, revised and in part re-written by J. Macdonald. There will be of this edition six parts, of which four have already been issued. W. Blackwood & Sons, Edinburgh and London. We do not know the price. Publishers should advertise. — Du. Hogg's "Fruit Manual:" S. S. D. It is published at the ofliee of th.' Journal of Horticulture, 171, Fleet Street, London, E.C. — Manual on Gardening : A. B. C. The Garden Calendar, by T. W. San- ders, price 3s. ; published by Hamilton, Adams & Co., Paternoster Row, London. — London Parks and Gardens : .4. Beck. The Royal Parks and Gardens of London, by Nathan Cole, published at the Journal of Horticulture Office, 171, Fleet Street, EC. Cattleya Thian.e; T. E. 1, The narrow- lipped form which collectors avoid. Its colour is fine and there is a bare possibility that it may improve in form ; 2, is a good variety of the broad-lipped and large-petalled form. Corrections. — Cypripedium Spicerianum. A mis- take was made in describing at p. 264 the plant figured in our Supplementary Sheet. The plant was not growing in a 60-size pot when, as was stated, the photograph was taken, but when it first came into Mr. Cooniber's hands some few years ago. — On p. 270 of last week's issue read " dark hue'd Heather " instead of " dark lurid Heather " at line 37 in " Lamington and its late Lord." Eucharis : V. (Rugby). Your plants of Eucharis are attacked by a fungus, described with illustra- tions in our issue for March 27, 1886, p. 396. Leaves of Indoor Plants: J. M. S. The leaves are spotted with abundance of loosely deposited spores. They are merely on the leaf, and not (in their present condition) parasitic. They look so like the conidia of one of the Sclerotinias, how- ever, that we should be inclined to suspect them of parasitic habits in some seasons and places. They might be got rid of by washing. Surely, if they are merely scattered through the greenhouse, the fungus whence they spring should be disco- vered. Next time they are freshly formed, kindly send one or two lots direct to Prof. II. Marshall AVard, Forestry School, Cooper's Hill, Staines. Mushrooms in Railway Arches: Business. We think you estimate the manure at rather too high a figure, as also the spawn, as, by taking 400 bushels, you ought to be able to get it at a cheaper rate than 8s. 6d. per bushel ; or, better still, make it yourself. The price, Gd. per pound, is, taking the year's prices, much too low. We have known Mushrooms in winter fetch 20s. to 30s. per bushel. If the ends of the arches are not double-boarded or walled up, artificial heating would be required. It will be necessary for you to find out other markets besides those in London where the produce may be disposed of to advantage. NaMM or 1'iAvrs: U.S. 1. Selnginella viticulosa ; 2, Peristrophe speeiosa ( = Justicia); 3, Linuin trigynuin ; 4, Cissus umazonicus ; 5, Eranthemum icneum. — Hortus. Leptospermum bullatum. Your Azaleas and Crotons are attacked by thrips. — T. C. Iris fimbriata. — Eversfiehl. 1, Dendrobium Pierardii ; 2, Vanda carulescens. — Quamdon. 1, Acacia dealbata ; 2, Clianthus (probably O. puni- ceus) ; 3, Doronicura caucasicum. Grow in pots, and protect in a cold frame till December, then remove to the greenhouse. — W. Smith. Specimen insufficient. — H. C, 1, Polyporus fraxineus; 2, Corticium giganteum ; .'!, Polystictus versicolor; 1, I inly spawn ; 5, Polyporus annosus; (i, Pel- tidea canina (lichen). There is no such book as you mention. M. C. C. — W. S. Ficus stipulata, an almost hardy species. Orchis longehuacteata: Monaco. Fine specimens, but we have no doubt, as in the case of O. foliosa, it would improve under appropriate cultivation. Plum Stocks: C.J, If, The St. Julien and lilack Damask Plum stocks are practically the same, although samples of both sometimes vary slightly in appearance, owing to the soil on which they have been grown. Seeds are also sown under both names, and then the individuals of both will differ slightly among themselves. United Horticultural Benefit and Provident Society : W. L. The address of Mr. Collins, the Secretary of the above, is 9, Martindale Road, Balham, S.W. Vines : //. W. G. The injury to your Vines is due to some chill, or sudden alteration of the tem- perature. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Thus. Kennedy & Co., 106 and 108, High Street, Dumfries, N.B. — Agricultural Seeds. Samuel Siieppkiison, Prospect House, Belper — Florists' Flowers. Brown & Wilson, 10, Market Place, Manchester- Farm Seeds. Toouood & Finlayson, Southampton —Agricultural Seeds. Ahsene Sannier, Rue Morris 1, Rouen, France — Fruit Trees. COMMl mi'ations Recf.ived.— R. D. W.— Monaco.— H. J. E. H..I.V.-II. M.— F. 11.— P. W. Sourash, Russia— A. G.— Ferrari— Major M.— W. W. — 1. R.— F. F.— H. H. II.— N. E. H.-.I. R. J.— J. H. H.— W. G. S.-.T P.-VV. II. H.— W. T.-M.— P. E. N.— W.B.— R. A. R.-W. Holmes.— P. G. J. S.-C. \V. U.-W. Hans. 306 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March R, 1890. By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs DUTY FBEE. Nicotine Soap. AN Unrivalled INSECTICIDE for -^ the use of Plant Cultivators, being an effectual ERADICATOR of SCALE, THRIPS, GREEN FLY, MEALY BUG, and ALL PARASITES affecting TLANTS, -WITHOUT INJURY TO FOLIAGE. It has now under- gone a thorough test by some of the most prac- tical men in Horticulture, and it is proved, beyond all doubt, that no Insecticide will bear comparison with it for its deadly effect on Insects, combined with perfect safety to the Plants themselves. Some hundreds of Testimonials lately received from men of considerable experience throughout the Kingdom. Bold In Jars, 1b. 6d. and 3s. ; In Tins, 16s. 6d. ; and in Drums, 28 lb., 26s. ; 66 lb.. 60s. ; 112 lb., 96b. Full directions lor use upon each Package. SOLE MANUFACTURERS : CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, Ltd., LONDON. To be had from Seedsmen and Florists throughout the Country. BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, I*., 2s. id., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. 112 1b. 20s. d Bag, m th of DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with "KXLLMK.IGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices. Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to The "Stott" Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. fOARSON^ PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, Sec. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, PosMree. tA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. FOR PLANTS. QUICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. This is a Plant Food of great excellence, carefully prepared with the view of supplying a manure which shall contain all the elements ne.-es-.arv "for the Perfection of Plant Life, and at the same time be QUICK IN ACTION, LASTING, AND ECONOMICAL. , The ingredients have been so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, permanent benefit is secured by a continuance of nourishment to the plant. It is safe in use, and suitable for every purpose where a manure is required. Sold by Seedsmen, Florists, and Nurserymen, in 6d. and 18. Packets, and HEALED BAGS:— 1 lb 14 lb. 28 lb. 58 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. The above Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the each Bag. A SAMrLK Packkt will be sent post-free, on receipt of Is. by the Manufacturer— S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH AX V OTHER FIRM. SELECTED specially for Orchids. Choice Plants. Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD. LEAF-MOULD, LOAM Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA riBKE REFUSE. CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST FRUIT, ami ROSE TREES. CONIFERS. RHODO- DENDRONS, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS&CO..Tlicl>M established Peat Depot. Ringwood. Hants GARDEN^ REQUISITES. Two Prize Medais. Quality THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks Is 4-( each- ltlsacks, las.6rf.; lnsaeks, 1 , s.id., 20 sacks, ■'lis ■ '■'.--. sacks, 24s. ; SO sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks. 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s : Truck-load, loose, free on rail, SOS. Limited quantities of G special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. ad. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s ; BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; S for 22s. brf. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. id. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND. ls.6rf. per bushel ; 14s. half (On ; 24s per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures, I'eat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall, London. E. Bankers— Smith, Payne, cj- Smiths. VERY CHOICE NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u e. NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station m England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c— C. FlbLER, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :— "lean strongly recommend jour Native Guano as a first rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. Intheo years during which I have freely used it. I have gained over 5150 prizes. NATIVE GUANO for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. BAILEY, Nurseries, Bexley. used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article. ' A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application. Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C, where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c, may be obtained. Agents -wanted. NORMAL FERTILISER For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. __. 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. Pnce :_ 2s. 3s. 6a. is. id. 9s. 14s. And in id. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bisht.psgate Street Within, E C, and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesale of Messrs. HURSTandSON. 152.Houndsditch,London ORCHID ALL WASTE. P E A I per Cask. BEST HARDWOOD, for Stove Plants, Selected Turves, 8s. cask ; for Ferns and General Use. from 4s. cask. SPLENDID LOAM, Yellow, Fibrous, in trucks, 16s. per ton. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Fresh Picked, 2s. 6(2. bush. ; 7s. id. sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE, 10 sks., 8/6 ; 20 sks., los. LEAF and PEAT MOULD, Is. bush. SUPERIOR TOBACCO PAPER (Selected), 1/3 bush ; Unselected and Rag. llrf. Send for W. WOOD d> SOX'S List of Specialties. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., e™shFD w WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. Complete satisfaction Guaranteed accordance with our directions. Refuse lm THE "SWIFT & SURE" INSECTICIDE Bottles, 1/6* 3/6; gall. ,10/6; 4 galls., .10/ "PERFECT' WEED KILLER- Gallon, 2/ i faL, 1/9, I" gal., 1/6, 40 gal., 1/4 p. gal. •PERFECT WORM DESTROYER- Iluttles.l/n* ", II; gJl.,7,li; .">gnl.,.ri/p.gal "PERFECT MILDEW DESTROYER. Bottles, 1/ & 2/j pal., 8/; 5 gal., 6/ p. gal. N0N£ ARE 0ENUINe, ■ PFRFECT HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC.- Tins-l lb., 1/; -' I'"-. ■-'/; 6 lbs., 5/. Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness and Efficiency Combined. Uitdat Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, ie. Single bottles post free at published prices from the manu- facturers. Special quotations for quantities. Man The Horticultural & Agricultural Chemical Co. Works : 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. Principal Agents : BI.ACKLEY, YOUNG & CO., 103, Holm Street. Glasgow. NOTICE —We originally hart our Works at Tonlindac. Kent, I.,,' ,-, laaee'l th tn GLASGOW in January, 1887, since ah, eh time our ONLY ADDRESS has been GLASGOW. SOLD by SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. Wythes, Syon House, writes:— "Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests." Bots., 2s. id., is. Id., postage paid, Half-Gallons, 5.1. ; One Gallon. 9s ..,..„ To be had of the Trade, or the Sole Manufacturer JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Humber, HULL. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Bed Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water; 4 to lti ounces aswinter dressing for Vines and orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s., and 10s. 6a. GISHTJRSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet irround. Boies, id. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. , GARDEN POTS —Ours are unsurpassed by any in the Trade— well burnt yet porous. " The best for growing plants in that I have ever used "-Mr. Whai I .RY. Head Gardener to the Archbishop of Canterbury. Orchid lots, Seakale and Rhubarb Pots, Seed Pans, &c Send for Price List. ' THUS PASCALL and SONS, South Norwood Pottery. S.E. Samples, carriage free; or can be seen at Mr. SMYTH'S, 21. Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. XTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide Hrf. yard ; 4 yards wide, 3d. yard ; or 2 yards wide. 10s per 100 ;" 4 yards wide, 20s. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1 yard wide. 2d. yard ; 2 yards wide, id. yard 1; 4 yardf wide. 84. yard; 12 yards wide, 2s. yard. COTTON NET nine meshes to square inch, H yards wide. Id. yard run. W.' CULLING-'OED. 127, Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arcb.- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. Maech 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 307 ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AMD CO., Farnborough, Hants. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Roval Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by I ft. 6 ins., 3CJ. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 8 ins., 12s. doz. SPECIALISE TOBACCO PAPER, I0d. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. perlh., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. PEAT. LOAM, SAND MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South wark Street, London. S.E. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT fob SALE.— Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto. Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, &c, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gravel for drives, concrete, gravel, screenings, yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. J. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. TOBACCO PAPER, best quality, Sd. per lb. ; 14 lb., 9s.: do. FIRRE, much stronger and better. ad. per lb.; 14 lb.. 10s. ; do.. Cord, bd. per lb., 281b., 10s. 28 lb. carriage paid to anv station. Large reduction to the trade. PEIRCE AXD CO., St. Andrew's, Bristol. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, tec, constructed o perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be ecjua'led. and that the vebt best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the smallest to the largest. Hot-water Heating ApparatUB. with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Plans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part of the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ^^or1"9' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &G. Also BOXE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GARRATT LANK, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGEXT.S WANTED AGENTS WANTED. m -IHS ■JmsSs&ss&t - rnTTTnf'CTff mm wMmm w&mm MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating: Apparatus, .lust issued, will be found the moat complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses. Illustrations of erery description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, Plant Protectors, and Garden Frame* ; also of all the be=t kind of Boilers, Hob-water Pipes, and all appliances for beating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvements in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be in the hands of every one Interested in gardening, as it runt. inn many practical hints on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 28. p08t-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by US in v.irnni- parts of the country, nn inspection of this Catalogue bhows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantage-, t, l-„—.-.| hy u« enable ua to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy compel it ion. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates tree on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. ^3W» Are used bv the leading Horticulturists and largest Nurseries in the World, and acknowledged by all to be the lightest, strongest, best coloured, most perfect shaped and finished pots ever manufactured. MARKET POTS, Or Long Toms, are largely used by Market Growers— they are made a greater depth, wider at bottom, and are half an inch in width at top over ordinary pots. Have no rims. VINE POTS Ire used by the leading Vine Growers throughout the king- dom, and pronoun! ed unequalled for Vine Culture. CHRYSANTHEMUM POTS. Considerably deeper than ordinary rerybroadal bottom, almoit upright in shape; do not1 blow over when outside, like narrow bottomed pots; give maximum amount of room far nutriment at roots of plants. CLEMATIS POTS. OPINION. "YoB colour, rhape, am " ' id Batista i.i strong. Brat-class llematis rots' gave and customers." Messrs. Wood & IngTam. Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. OPINION. "We beg to lay thai we are highly satisfied with youl Hard. -ii Pota; the'y are well mule, light, yel strong, and we like them better than anv others we nave ever used." Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, •Thi i lower Pots you haw largely light, ell ,,,,.1 ■ith iih ■..■in-iiietory."— MesBTB. Dlcksons. Ltd. Chester. • For nearly thirty years I h:ii .■ been using your ifiirden Pota. and still find them the 1..-I and . ii.Mi.est."— Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. •■ We have always found your Pots highly satisfactory. Greal improvements last few years in them."— Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chllwell Nurseries, Notts. Samples and Prices free. Carriage and breakage free on £10. Half carriage on £5. Specialty Orchid Pans and l'ots. SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. KOBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kepi ..'.I in all weathers ; s.-i.l any width. Carriage paid On all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 rouare yards for U, Hundreds of testimonials. QEOBGE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, ley.-. Sussex. Established 200 years. ARDEN REQUISITE S.— Sinks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Hurnboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, &.-. cheapest Prices of WATSON and SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street, London. E.C. Greenhouse Fires, Stoves, &c. SMALL COKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. J. EVESON, Coke Contractor, Birmingham. T AWX MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" -Li (Patent )has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very besi for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent " NEW MODEL "is guaranteed to be the easmut working machine in the market. Can be bad of all Ironmongers and Seed-men. I'n.r Lists post-free from the manufacturere.— CHADItOUN and COLDWELL, M'f'g. Co., 223, Up; it Thames Street, London, E C. The largest makers of Lawn Mowers in 1ho world. 308 THE GA RDENE R S' CHE ONI CL E. [March 8, 1890. HOS. W. ROBINS Dennis Park Ironworks. Stourbridge. 0 N 4-in. Expansion Joint Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long. 6s. each; t-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 9 feet long, 6.5. id. each. Illustrated revised Price Lint on application, free. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH TRICES. FOR PEARS. APPLES, &c, 5 feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs. 1S>. 6rf. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of wire, id. per yard. Terminal Posts with Raidisseurs, is. Bd. eaeh. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-1RO.V ESPALIER. ti fe"t high, eight wrought bars, 5 inch diameter, 4s. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER, 8 feet high. 5 feet span, 9s. oo\ per yard. WALL FiTTINGS. Raidisseurs, one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for eaeh wire. 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feel apart, 5d. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 1U0 yards. PEl TRAINERS, instead of lVa Sticks, 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high, Is. Qd. each; 6 feet high, 3s. tirf. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES Japanned Green. 3 feet high, 4s. Si. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high. 4s. Qd. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS. 18 inches wide, in 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS, 5s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span, 8s. 6rf. each. " Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. vahie. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, re^nly glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England : £ < d 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 3-light frame, 12 ft. hy 6 ft. 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middietou, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, Sec, 2, Holloway Road, N. Carriage and Packing Cases FREE. 2 0 3 2 4 15 8 10 Q IX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2s. O Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. j six for Is. id. Eighth inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London. E.C. HILL & SMITH BRIERLEY HILL IRONWORKS, S T A F FORDS HIRE. New Pattern Tree Guard, "THE PORCUPINE." The maximum of utility and the minimum of cost. Constructed of strong Iron Uprights and Galvanised Barbed Steel Wire. Price, 10a. 6d. each. Testimonials. The Gardens, The Whittern. Kingston, Feb. 9, 1888. Dear Sirs,— The 100 Barbed Wire Tree Protectors you sent to Mr. Green's order I have now fixed to the trees, and I feel bound to sav that I never saw anything in the shape of a tree-protector equal to them. I think I shall be able to add further testimony after the cattle are turned out in the spring. —Yours faithfully, J. WearISU. The Gardens. The Whittern. Kingston, sept. H6, less. Gentlemen,— The 100 Porcupine Tree Guards you supplied to Mr. Green's order have proved a great success— in fact, they are the best I ever saw. These guards stand well the trees, there- 'LiJLlnL*, f°rc cattle cannot, and ill not, ipt to reach the would strongly recom- mend any on.- « ho con tem- pi r .-^ planting trees, and wishea to know which is the best guard to use, to give pattern " C " a trial. Yours faithfully, J. Wearing. CONWAY C. WARNE / Successor to \ \John Matthews/) The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. 1'KICE LISTS FUSE. FRIGI DOMO CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND GLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it it applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and "Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or Benjn. Edgington, London Bridge, s.e. Note.— The words " FRIGI DOMO " are registered under the Trade Marks Act, and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded against. STEEL FENCING WIRE of all kinds. Barb Wire. Hay Bands, Wire Netting and Fencing Materials. Wood's Patent Wire Mattresses. Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. ANTHRACITE COAL. Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply — E. T. RUSSELL and CO., 60.Wharf.iale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of these always ready. Made of good red deal. They are 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle at the top. Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet gl; painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. by 6 „ by 6 „ bv (3 „ 12 16 20 24 by 6 „ by 6 „ (£2 Cash 3 Prices, J 4 Carriage ) 5 and 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 0 Pali. 6 15 0 ~ 0 0 CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &.-. 21-OZ. and 15-02. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY/' Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote ChronicU. HFATTNG APPARATUS BUY 0//1ECT FROM,, STOURBRIDGE, ^'SfMRKIRON"^ Free YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London. W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income. £250.000. S0.00O Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2.750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings. W.C. Head Office :— 64, Cornhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. Maech 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 309 THE CARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Line a .. £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 6 5 » .. 0 3 6 16 „ . 0 9 0 6 „ .. 0 4 0 17 „ . . 0 9 6 7 „ . . 0 4 6 18 „ . 0 10 0 8 „ .. 0 5 0 19 „ . 0 10 6 9 „ .. 0 5 6 20 „ . 0 11 0 10 „ .. 0 (J 0 21 „ . 0 11 6 11 » .. 0 G 6 22 „ . . 0 12 0 12 „ .. 0 7 0 23 „ . 0 12 6 13 „ .. 0 7 6 24 „ . 0 13 0 14 „ .. 0 8 0 25 ., . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADIlITIOXAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. _ If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s. Page. £8; Half Page. £1 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 80 words, including name and address. Is. id., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of aline. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. I MPORTAXT iX O T I C E.— Advertisers are cautioned again t having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as tiU Letter* so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Month*. 15s.: 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months. 3s. 9d. FORI tftl (excepting India and China), including Postage, 17S. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 64. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, LtRL'RY LANK. W.C . to W. HicillRDS. Publishing Office and Office for Adtobtiskhsnts, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Now Ready. Pi ■ "OUR HARDY FRUIT S." A Practical Guide t" their Cull For Landowner-. , Cottagers, and Allotment Holders By B R I A N W Y \ N E, F It 11 9 . Editor of the Gardening ; EYRE am. SPOTTISWOODE, Bale Office fir Government Publication)*, Baal Harding Street, Loudon, B.O, ESTATE SALES. The Besl Count; Medium tor Advertising Sales of Estates la THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. Tho Loading County Paper, Extensive circulation among the Upper and middle Classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do w<_dl to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Books, and either Property adreri laed ia the Columns ol the " HEBALD." Sales of Stick and Afjricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD" [a the moat effective organ fur giving pi.Uinfy lu niiijo iiiri'mnih of thM ,-l.m. It m tho leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensit ely among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land AgfiiK Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HBB \\A>," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing ttuch notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate oharge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is recognised us a specially good medium. Cheap Kates. Apply fur terms. 8PJECZM E X F It E E . Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. Of : — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. TO MARKET GARDENERS.— A Gentleman who intends to settle in Australia during the latter part of the present year to Cultivate Fruit and Flowers, DESIRES T« I MEET Wit H ANOTHER TO JOIN HIM in the enterprise. Applicant must be a thoroughly experienced practical man, and possess at least sufficient means to pay his own travelling expenses. — Address, with full particulars and references to GARDENER, Messrs. Brown, Gould & Co., 54, New Oxford Street, W.C. vv ■Gr ANTED, a sing'e man, to act as GAR- DENER, Outdoor, also small Stock and Lawns.— Dragon," Wiuchmore Hill, N. WANTED, MAN and WIFE. Man as Gardener and to take charge of a smill Farmery (4 to 9 Aerei). Wife as Cook and to look after Dairy. Poultry, &e. In the house. All found. Wages, £15 to £10.— Address, M.jor G., Junior United Service Club. Charles Street, S.W. Second Gardener. \\ r ANTED, in a Large Establishment (four T 1 under gardeners kept;, a MAN, not under 30, expe- rienced in Houses and Flower Garden. Cottage, with garden provided.— Address, with full particulars of past service, H. R. F., Kidbrooke Park. East Grinstead, Sus-ex. WANTED, an active young Man, as SECOND GARDENER. Insice and Out. quick and clean at his work; age .'). Wages, 16s. per wee», Bothv. Vegetables. and Milk. &C.—W. GIBSON. Steveutou Manor, Whitchurch. Hants. WANTED, a good WORKING FOREMAN, to take Charge of a Small Glass Nursery ; must be a good Propagator and Grower of Kerns. Cyclamen, 'alms, Dracaenas, Koses, Azaleas, Soft-wooded Plants. Cut Flowers, &c., for market.— Applv. with full particulars as to experi- ence, age, wages, to., to J, WINGFIELD. Widuiore Hill Nursery, Bromley, Kent. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, good Grower of Grapes. Tomatos. Mushrooms, &c. for Trade. House, coala, and vegetables free. State age. family, wages, and experience. — F. H. WILKINSON. Lnmbley, Nottingham. WANTED.aPROPAGATOKandGROWER, well up in N.ft wnodedstuff. Good reference.— Apply, Willi wages required. :»:). High Street, Cardiff. ANTED, young MAN, as PROPAGATOR, used to Market Nursery. Well up in Ferns, Stove Plants, fee. Also an active YOUNG MAN. None need apply but those used to Market Nursery.— WILLIAM [CETON, Lane, Putney. S.W. 1717" ANTED, in a Market Nursery, a steady >' young MAN, to Gron romatos, Cnoumbars, Ferns, &c- Apply, by letter, stating wages required, wiih references, H W l « li.l 1'. iar I '• ,1.. ry. Hatley, Yorkshire. WANTED, .in experienced MAN, to Grow Grapes, Cucumbers, and Cut Flowers for Marl I PAGET, Boseneatb, High Stn i I Clapham, WANTED, a thoroughly experienced MA N, | I. M gemeril Market Nursery, under 01 .-•. wil , g e Ipply, with all particulars, to RALPH CBOSSLING, Pen south Wales. w ANTED, a young Man, with some ex- rx di m i is I ■!.' K"\ i i: in the 11 rases, It",. . Fems, *c. — W. Rl'MSEY, .loyntng's Nurseries, Walthnm Cross. WAN I I.I), AT ONCE, a strong YOUTH"', for Nursery Work, and to Attend Markets; one with a little experience preferred. -Apply, stating age. waeea, &c. to J. WKKillT, Nurseryman and Seedaman, 49, Qnnby Street, Leicester. WANTED for a Small Nursery, a good v BS1 c'i i, vii. H i:i,k, musl under itand the routine of Outdoor Nursery Work ; be able to Graft, Bud, and Propa- gate. Wages, X per weel W. DALE, Knoekholt. Kent. rPO SEEDSMEN, Required immediately, an A- active, steady, young man, of good appearance and address, as SHOPMAN, [n .. Seed, Corn, and Flour Establish raent. Must have a thorough knowledge of Farm and Garden Seeds. One acquainted with the Corn and Flour Trade preferred.— Apply, stating full particulars as to ago, height, experience, it married, salurv required, references, Ac. to Tl'CKKR BROTHERS, Seedsmen, Abergavenny. ANTED, a SHOPMAN and CLERK.— Apply, Box 21, Post-Office, Gainsborough, Wages, w WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Wreath, Cross, and Bouquet Making. Market hand preferred.— Age, wage, and experience to J. GIFFIN, Florist Market Hull, Southport. ANTED, a STOKER, for Greenhouse Boilers. Must be well up in his work, and have good references. State age and wagea required.— 23, High Street, Cardiff. SALESWOMAN WANTED, for a Florists' Shop. Good at Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, Sprays, &e. — N. B., Gardeners Chronicle OHice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is vert/ important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be fitted m piyable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is knotcn, and it has bee?i made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. "D S. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate A-1, that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway. N. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. L> B. LA1HD and SONS can recommend with AX. every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND s 1'EWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 339, High Holborn, W.C. CCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present O several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation — JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BAJLiLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors, Agents, aud others requiring the services of GARDENERS, FORESTER-., an 1 FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character aud ability, such as they would lie glad to recommend. I C II A R D SMITH and Ca beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. KAD (iAKDKNEKS.— At the present time .v, in in,. MM several highly respectable MEN, of and Unit-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER, II Gardeners, Farm-Balllffs, Foresters, &e DICKSON S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN ol the hiyheat respectability, aud thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address— " DICKSONS. CHESTER." GARDENER (Head). -Age 34; thoroughly experienced. HEAD GARDENER, Coweslield House, Salisbury. ARDENER (Head).— Can be highly recom- mendeJ by W. 0. 1.ICICH, Albury i'ark Gardens, Guildford. G AKDENEK ilh u>), where one or two are kept. -Age a.s, experienced in all branches, seven years m present situation. Good character.— E. CRAPP, Carnalitoii. St. Collllnl,. Cornwall. GARDENE K (Head). — Wide practical ex- perlenoe in all dupirtments ai home and in the Colonies, ttighesl references. ii. W., Bryn-M.tigwyn, Llaorhce, (i AUDKNIOll (Head).— Age :'.(), married, no family ; thoroughly understands Stove and Greenhouse .—A. H., The Lodge, Bisli.ipshalt. Middlesex. HARDENED (ID (J ge 28, married ; od establishments in all x. W. D., Gardeners' . Strand, W.C. Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington S G AKDENEK (JIkad)". — Married ; eighteen years' thorough practical experience in the Cultivation of Vines, Peaches, io., Flower and Kitchen Garden. Abstainer. Excellent character.— P., 11, Millman Street, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head), where two or three others are kept.— Understands Vines, Peaches, Necta- rines, Melons, Ciicumliers, Stove, Greenhouse, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, H. COX, Piercefield, Chepstow. GARDENER (Head)— Age 37, married, three children j twenty years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing. Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Knowledge of Land and Stock. Over ten years us Head. Good recommen- dations.—T. COYSH, 11, Hillmorlon Road, Rugby. GARDEN Eli (Head); age 38.— Mr. P. II. NORMAN desires to recommend his late Head Gardener. Understands Flowers, Fruit, and Vegetables; ulso Lund mid Stock. Eighteen years' experience.— Address, 08, Lombard Street, B.C. 310 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 8, 1890. C\ ARDENER (Head) ; age 29, married.— VJC E. CATERER, late Heart Gardener to Baron H. de Worms, M.P.. desires re-en^agcment. Satisfactory reason for leaving. Fourteen years' practical experie from s;ooJ establishments. — Addrel ARDENER (Head); age 31, single. — J. Amy?. Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Eliot Yorke. Hamble Cliff. Southampton, can with confidence recommend his late Foreman, G. Dovey, as above.— Address, Burley, Ring- wood, Hants. ARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 32, married j thoroughly practical. Eighteen years' experience. Four years in present, and three years in previous situation. Leaving through Lease having expired. Good testimonials— C. BARKER, Barnsfield Place, Uxbridge, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30, Scotchman — A. McLEOP, Gardener to the Marchioness of Headfort, Headfort Gardens. Hells, co. Meath. Ireland, can with con- fidence recommend his Foreman (.las. McKellar) to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical, good all-round Gardener. Fourteen years' practical experience. GARDENER (Head); age 32.— H. Swift, for three and a half years Gardener to the late C. A. Nicholson. Esq., Balrath Hurry, Kells. co. Meath, is open to treat with anv Ladv. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a good, all round Gardener, thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establishment. GARDENER (Head).— Age 36, married, no family; Scotch. Nineteen years' experience in Vines. Peaches, Melons, Tomato*, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Five and. a.half 5 earn' excellent character as Head.— W. B., 4, West Street, Nursery Road. Chester. ARDENER (Head), where several are kept. Age 29; fifteen years' experience in all branches, J. A. Hall, three and a half years General Foreman. Batsford Park, Moreton-in-Marsh, seeks a situation as above. Good refer- ences.—Particulars from Mr. GARRETT (Head Gardener), or J. A. HALL, address as above. (~1 ARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married, one T child.— W. Howard. Esq.. The Grove. Teddington, would be pleased to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener in all branches. Highest references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred.— G. A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head); age 38, married.— Mr. D. Williams, Gardener to the Earl of Feversham, can with confidence recommend a thorough, practical, all- round Gardener, with several years' experience as Head. Thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large esta- blishment.—Address in first instance to F. G., Mr. D. Williams, Duncombe Park Gardens, Helmslcy. Yorks. ARDENER (Head), to any Nobleman or Gentleman, where four or more are kept.- Married, one child; a Gentlkman wishes to recommend a first-class man as above. Has a thorough knowledge of Gardening generally. Twenty years' experience in first-class establishments Highest references from former employers as to honesty, sobriety, and capabilities.— E. HEATH, Newtown Langton.Tunbridge Wells. (~\ ARDENER (Head).— A Gardener in a vJT first-class establishment wishes to recommend his late Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good, practical, energetic man in above capacity. Well up in Vine. Plant, and Fruit Culture. Inside and Out, with a thorough knowledge of Pleasure Gardens, and the Management of Men. Previous exceptional character as Foreman many years in Nobleman's Establishment.— V., Old Birchetts, Langton, Tunbridge Weils, Kent. (~^ ARDENER (Head Working), where VJC another or two are kept.— Married, no family; thorough good all-round man.— E. SEYMOUR, The Gardens, Mount Mascal, Heme Hill, 3.E. ARDENER (Head Working.)— Married, no children; thoroughly practical. Desiring a change. Over twenty years' testimonials. Christian. — W. R., Gar- dener. Wasdale Hall, via Carnforth, Cumberland. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 30. married, two children : seven years' goort character from ihe Countess, present employer. — 0. FERMOR, Fairhill, Tollbridge. Kent. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 31, married, no family ; seventeen years' experience in Orchids, Stove, Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden.— J. R.,23, Charlton Road. Harlesden, N.W. ARDENER (Head Working), where trust and ability are required.— Age 38, married; fourteen years with present employer. Highly recommended. Ab- stainer.—THOMAS PRIEST, Cowley, Uxbridge, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two are kept. — Mirried.no family; nineteen years' practical experience in Vines, Melons. Cucumbers, Stove, Flower and Kitchen Gardening, &c. Good references given.— H. FORD, Stanley Road. Newtown. Chnstchurch, Hants. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, &c. First-class references from past and present employers. — Abstainer.— F. LANE, Alma Road, Reigate, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 30, one child. — A Ladv wishes to recommend her Head Gar- dener (Working). Thoroughly experienced in the general routine of Gardening.— ANDRES, 2, Parade, Acton Lane, Acton Green, Chiswick. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; well up in Kitchen Gardening, Greenhouse, Stove, and Vinery.— A. REED. Hillmorton, Rugby. GARDENER (Head Working). — Middle- aged, no encumbrance; English. Well experienced all round ; especially a good Grower of all kinds of Fruits and Flowers. Eighteen mouths' and live years' previous good references.— GARDENER. Tan-y-Bwlch, Aberystwith. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married, no family ; seventeen years' experience in all branches of the profession. Four years as Head. Highly recommended. Left through death.-H. MUSTOW, Yel- liDgton. Budleigh Salteiton, Devon. GARDENER (Head Working), where not less than three are employed.— Age 33; a first-class all-round man ; highest testimonials as to ability. Trust- worthy and fond of his work.— A. G.. 5, Vernon Street, West Kensington, W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one child ; twenty-five years' experience. Sixteen years in present situation. Good character. Leaving through gentleman leaving neighbourhood.— JAMES TIL'KELL, Mells, Frome, Somerset. ^___ GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept.— Age 31, married ; thoroughly ex- perienced in all branches. Land and Stock. Wife good Laundress. Highest references from present nnd previous employers.— J. St., 1, Daisy Villas, Stewart Road, Malmesbury Park, Bournemouth. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; married.— R. CALLAGHAN for the past six years Head Gardener to G. Burt, Esq., J. P.. Purneck House. Livanage, is open to treat with any lady or Gentleman requiring the ser- vice of a thorough, practical, all-round Gardener; excellent testimonials from 1 ast and present employers.— Address as abov GARDENER ( Head Working) ; Age 28.— C. J. WAITE, Glenhurst Gardens, Esher, will be pleased to verv highly recommend his present Foreman, T. Lucas, who has been with him three years, also three years Foreman at Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, and several years at Longford Castle. Salisbury, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical and reliable mam ^__ ARDENER (Head Working); age 35, married.— Mr. W. P. Bouvekie desires to recommend as Head Working Gardener, a steady and industrious Man. Twenty-one years' experience. Thirteen years in present situation. Leaving solely owing to death of Mr. E. P. Bouverie. —JAMES CLARK, The Gardens, Manor House, Market Lavington, Wilts. ARDENER (Head Working), or as FORE- MAN.—Age 30, single ; can be well recommended.— W. RICHARDSON. Verandah Cottage, Malvern Wells. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept, or good Single-handed.— Single ; experienced in nil Branches. Understands Management of Stock. Good references.— J. F., Riverdale Lodge, Hanworth, Middlesex. ARDENER (Sole or Head).— Intelligent; experienced. Well up in Indoor and Outdoor Work, Preparation of Soils, &c. Very successful Tomato and Grape Grower. Highest references.— A. B., 319, Moseley Road, Birmingham. GARDENER (Head), where another is kept, or good SlN.iLi -HANDED.— Age 2S. married, no family ; good experience. Can Milk. Leaving through Gentleman giving up.— LOVEGROVE, 8, Queen's Road, Chislehurst, Kent. ARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Age 45, married ; Scotch. Experienced in North and South of England. Good references.— W. S. CAMPBELL. 17, Prince Street, Bridlington Quay. ARDENER^ or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard an.l Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where one or more are kept.— age 31; married, four children; upwards of 20 years' experience in all branches.— H. COURSE, Ashcroft, Kingston, near Brighton. GARDENER, under Glass and Out.— Strong, active young man requires situation as above. Six years' experience. Highly recommended. — A. WHITE, 3, Princes Buildings. Widcombe, Bath. GARDENER. — Age 24; experienced in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, and Landscape Gardening. Good references. Private or Market Nursery.— G. LUDWIG. 14, Ondine Road, East Dulwich, London, S.E. / N A RD E N E R. — Age 30^ married, two \J children ; highly recommended by present employer, wishing to better himself. Understands Kitchen and Fruit Gardens, Vines, Cucumbers, Melons, Flowers. Five years' good character. Abstainer.— J. P., 17, Eloit Place, Blackheath. GARDENER (Plain). — Middle-aged, no family; can Wait at Table. Wife Plain Cook ; both willing to "be useful. Have lived in Lodge. — WALLIS, 80, Offord Road, Barnsbury. GARDENER, where one or two are kept, or Single-handed.— Age 30, married ; two years' good character.— H. JONES, Gardener, Tyddyu Esther, Ruthin. GARDENER (good Single-handed, or where help is given). — Age 29, married when suited ; twelve years' experience. Inside and Out ; four years' good testimonials Irom previous aud two years' from present employer aa second. —J. LUFF, Elmore Gardens, Chipstead. Surrey. GARDENER, where two or more are kept, or good Single-handed.— Age 2d, married ; thoroughly experienced in Vines, Peaches, Melons. Mushrooms, Stove and Greannouse, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good character. —A. STOCK, Larchwood, Horley, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed), or with As- sistance.— Age 34, married ; nine years' good character. Satisfactory reasons for leaving.— W. D. ARRANDENE, Mill Hill, N.W. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where help is given. — Age 27, married when suited; thoroughly experienced in all brandies. Two and a half years' good character.— T. FEAVER, 3, South Terrace, St. John's. Sevenoaks, Kent. G> ARDENER (Single-handed), or another * kept, or Public Institution. — Married, no family; thorough Kitchen and Forcing ; Cows, &c. Good references. Five years' character.— ARNOLD, 1, High Street, Harerield, Middlesex. G* ARDENER (Single-handed), or where r two or three are kept. — Age 25, married; twelve yeara' experience in Early and Late Forcing of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, and also well up in Kitchen Garden. — A. G., Waite's Cottages, Hayes Common, Beckeuham, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given. — Age 30, married, one child (5 years) ; six years' good character. Wife could act as Plain Cook if required.— Apply, in the first instance, to J. PROWSE, Head Gardener to E. L. Lawson, Eiq., Halt Barn, Beaconsiield, Bucks. iO ARDENER (Single-handed), or Second. vlfl Age 25 ; understands Glass and OuUloor Work. Good reference.— F., 29, Stewart's Road, Battersea Park, S.W. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second. — Age 26; understands Glass and Outdoor Work. Can have good references from present situation. — J. N., Caen Wood Towers, Highgate, N. G~ ARDEiNER (Second); age 21.— A Gar- dener wishes to recommend a young man as above. Four years' good character. — W. J., 5, Mount Street, Ryde. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept.— Experienced Inside and Out. Well recom- mended. Eight years in present situation. J., 2, Holder- nesse Road, Upper Tooting. ARDENER (Second), in a good place.— Age 25; nine years' experience, two in present situa- tion in Houses. Good character. — WM. COMBER, The Chestnuts, Denmark Hill, S.E. /GARDENER (Second).— Age 27, married \J when suited; thoroughly competent in all branched. Wife thorouah Laundress if preferred. Good character. — Q., 21, Abinger Road West, New Cross, S.E. GARDENER (Second).— Age 23 ; nine years7 experience. Indoors aud Out ; four yeara' good charncter from pre ent employer.— A. B., 158, Romrnary Road, West Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (Second), where four or five are kept.— Age 23; nine years' experience in good places. Seven years' good character from present situation, — G. W. Crawley Down, Sussex. ARDENER (Second), in a Large Estab- meDt. Age 25 ; ten years' experience. Two and a hali years in last situation. Good testimonials. — W. G. PIPE- WELL, Kettering. GARDENER (Under, or Single-handed). — Ten years* experience. Good character. — A., Mrs. Ballard, near the Malt House. Godatone. Surrey. GARDENER (Under), or Single-handed.— Age 23; several years' experience. Scythe and Machine. Good character.— A. W., 20, lit. John's Terrace, Clay Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. G> ARDENER (Under), or Third, where four A are kept. — Age 21, single ; four years' and a half good character.— L. P., Winters Hall, Bramley, near Guildford, Surrey. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 20 ; two and a half years at present place.— P. B., 20, Upper Square, Isleworth. GARDENER (Under). — Age L'l ; five years experience Inside and Out. Good character. — J. CARTER, Clermont Gardens, Watton, Norfolk. ARDENER (Under). — Age 35, married, trong and active ; ten years' good character. Per- mency. — GARDENER, Noon, Claremont Road, Romford, G GARDENER (Under). — Age 20 ; good knowledge In and Outdoors. Two years last situation ; recommended; understands Cows.— H. LANGFORD, lo, Pool Road, Newtown, Mont. ARDENER (Under), in a good Establish- ment, Kitchen Garden and Pleasure Grounds. — Age 30, married; thirteen years' experience, nearly three years in present situation.— W. GAIGER, Pankndge Street, Crondall, Hants. Mabch 8, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 311 G GARDENER (Under), inside preferred. — r Age 19; five and a half years' good character.— F., Gardener, The Bu>h, Walton-oii-Thames. ITCHEN GARDENER, or good Single- hasded ; age 31, married, no family.— A. Baklass, Gardener, Bonchureh. Isle of Wight, wishes to recommend his Kitchen Gardener as above ; understands the general routiae of Gardening. Wife Laundry or Poultry, if required. FOREMAN, or MANAGER in Small Nursery. — Age 'iTi ; used to Growing Plants, Flowers and Tomatoa for Market; Serving ; Wreath and Cross Making, &c. Good re- ferences. Ten years' experience.— A. STREET, The Nursery, South View. Peterborough. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ; nine years' experience. Inside and Out. iu good places. Good testimonials.— B. BOWYER, Burhill Park, Walton-on-Thames. FOREMAN, where three or more are kept, Inside.— Well up in Plant and Fruit Growing; good character. Address, stating wages, with bothy.— H. C., Mr. Grover. Boxmoor, Herts. FOREMAN. 26 ; eleven y pood references. - Herts. in Good Establishment. — Age ,are' experience, two years in last situation, F. BLUNT, Wellbury House. Hitehin, FOREMAN. — Age 24 ; eleven years' good all- round experience. Three years Market Gardens. Unde- niable references.— A. P. FORD, 76, Woodland Line, Chapel Allerton, Leeds. FOREMAN ; age 28. — S. Knowles, Gardener, Pylewell Park, Lymington. wishes to recommend his Foreman, G. Harding, as abjve. Three years' character from present situation. Knowledge of Stove and Greenhouse, Fruit. Early and Late Forcing. — Address as above. FOREMAN, or Second. — Age 23; six years' experience. Two years in present situition. — A. COLE, The Gardens, Halstead Place, Sevenoaks, Kent. To Head Gardeners. FOREMAN, or Second, in Large Esta- blishment.— Age 25; nin- years' experience Inside and Oat. Abstainer. Good character.— C. MARKHAM, Foreman, Ribston Hall. Welherby. Yorks. UOREMAN, PROPAGATOR and GROWER. -o_ — Twenty years' experience in Pol B Palms, Perns, and Soft-wooded Stuff for Market ; Wreaths, Cro and Fur- nishing. Good Salesman —WALTER, ... Sem Gardens, Old Dover Boid, Blackheath, S.E. OREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GKOWKR for Market, or otherwise.— Seventeen yean' experience in all branches,— H. VAN ZAUTEN, 8, Elgin Terrace, Maids \'ale, London, W. FOREMAN PKOPAOAToi; and GROWER. —Twenty-three years' practical experience En producing large quantities ol Cut Flowers and Flowering Plants, !<"••<"•. Palm-.. Ferns, Bulbs, &c . Cucumberj and Tomatoa.— J. S. F„ .">, Gilbert Koad, South Wimbledon. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR, Indoor*.— Advertiser is open to engagemenj as above, either where u QeneraJ Nursery stuck is Grown, or where Hardy Plants are made a pecialty. Exceptionally well versed in the latter. Fin. class references.— Q. WATERS, Coombe Nursery, King- ston Hill, Surrey. ROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and QROWEB.— Age 2t; well up in Pelargoniums, Bou- vardias. Genistas, Doul.le Primulas, Cinerarias, Carnations, is. Bolanums, Ficus, f.tiis. fco.— B. H„ Gardner il Chronicle Office, II, Wellington Street, Btrand, W.C. Gl;u\\ ER (Assistant), Age 24; Soft- wooded and Stove Stuff; seen veurs' ex|STience ; Wreaths, Crosses, Sec. Good references.— H. B., Mill Cottage. Uarnli im, n, u Hognor. Sn,sex. ORCHID JOURNEYM \N. -Age 1!'; Bve years In Orchid Houses.— O. F. S.. Heath & Son, Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN (Kihst). — Age 23; nine tJ years" practical experience. Good reference from present and previous employers.— J, SMITH, The Gardens, High Firs, Harpenden, Hern. OURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's establishment.— Age 23 j eighi years' prai in Large Places. Good character from present and previous employers.— C. OLAXSON, 64, Lupton Cottages, South Weald, Brentwood, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, [neide, in a good establish- ment, near London preferred. —Age '24 ; well up in Pro- pagating, Potting, Watering, 8tc. Eleven years' experience. Good character.— J. J. ASQUXTH, Newark Road, Croydon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; seven years' experience, Mr. JTaquks, Waddesd Aylesbury, cod strongly recoramend a young man as ah ive, JOURNEYMAN in Houses, good establish- ment.-Ajje 21 ; seven years' exp Tience. Goo.1 recom- mendation.—G. E. C. Anhford Carbonell, Ludlow, Salop. OURNEYMAN, in good establishment.— Age 20; six years' experience. Excellent character. Bothy preferred.— H. SILK. Whiteness Gardens, Margate. JOURNEYMAN, in a Private Establishment. Age 22; three years in present place. Good Reference. — T. ROBINSON, the Street Gardens, Chorley, Lancashire. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age 22; two and a half years in present situation. Can be highly recom- mended.—PHILIP PYLK. Rodborough, Strond.Gloucestershire. OURNEYMAN— Age 21 ; willing, active, and strong. Well recommended. Five years in last situation.— WILLIAM NEWMHAM, South Lodge Gardens, near Horsham, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN, in Good Establishment.— Age 20 ; six years' experience, two in present situation. Highlv recommended. — Mr. PHILLIPS, Bieton Gardens, Budleigh Salterton. Devon. JOURNEYMAN, iiTthe Houses.— Age 23~; nine years' experience, partly in the Midlands. Good recommendations. — H. SNELL, I'pton, St. Mary Church, Torquay. JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment.— Age 19; five years' experience. Excellent character from previous employers. Bothy preferred. — H. A., Lewis Dunbar, Nurseryman, Hemel Hempstead. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a Fore- man in a good Establishment.— Age 24; seven v.-.irs' experience ; four years' good character. — J. FARR,' The Gardens. Goodrich Court, Koss. To Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, age 24; five years' experience under glass in a leading nursery. Permanent employment required,.; good reference. — H. B., Pince's Nursery, Exeter. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; mx and a half years' experience; good character. Bothv preferred. — WILLIAM DYKE, Mill Lane. Solihull, near Birmingham. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, under a Foreman. — Age 21 ; live years' experience. Good character. — H. S., 2, Brunswick Place, Aoarley Road, Upper Norwood, S.E. JOURNEYMAN, in the Bouses; age 20.— W.Sdttoh.TI i rlands, Chertsey, Surrey, ■■.in v-ry highly recommend a young man. Four years' ex- cellent character.— Apply as JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; seven jean' experience in Nob email's and Gentlemen's id Ou>. Good character, and hi^iilv recommended — F. THUBSTON, Hersham, Walton , .11 Thames. JOURNEYMAN, under Foreman; age 21.— It. I'll " I'n.l tiarden.s, C'hielie-I. i tive young man as above ; seveayeara expe* rience, twn ,i,,i .1 hall .ears in present place. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Outside ; age 23. —A. Gram-. The Vinei es, Willlngham, I thoroughly r.-..min-n. I a v.. in, k- man. Two and n half years in [■r.-H.-iit place. Hothy preferred. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 18; three years' experience, [nside and Out. Can be well aded.— K. BROOKES, Cotou Hall Gardens, Bridg- north, Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— J. Tbigqir, The Gardens, Milton Park, Peterborough, eon highly racommend to any Head Gardener a steady, active. and Industrious young man. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses.— Age 22; six years' experience under Glass. Can be well recom- mended bypi ni ,111,1 previous employers.— J, HAYES, The Gardens, Caversham Turk, B but'. JOURNEYMAN, in the Bouses.— Age 22\ two years' experience in Houses, and part In Kitchen Garden and Fruit Department. JOHN DENNIS, Belvolr Castle Gardens. Grantham. JOURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment.— A«e 21 ; boa hod 1 enceio good places K. n. *., Gardencrt' Chronuli Office, II, Wellington Street Strand, W.C. JOURNEYMAN, [nside, or Inside and Out.— Age 22: Bothv prefem-d. -is \, ir'n experience, can be well recomme id.— C. LATHAM, The Gardens, Packlngton Hall, Coventry, JOURNEYMAN, in a Coud Kstablishim-nt. Age I'll; six an, I a hall years' experience; can be well recommended. — \VM. St'TTuN. lining Park, Alton, Haute. JOURNEYMAN, 111 tin- Houses. A^,- -(I; fj five years' experience ; twoyearsin present bituation. — II AMI m. The Gardens. I.uckerlej Hall. Komsey. JOURNEYMAN, in good Establishment.— Age Uy ; four yearn' previous, and two years good character from |r.s,,,i .,i„.ii , Hothy preferred.— (J. HKKIIKKT, Karl of Londe-l»rough'», Coombe Lane, Norbiton, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses, or Second where two or three are kept. — Age 18 ; has had good experience; can be highly recommended. Six and a half years in present situation. — P. CURTIS, The Gardens, Oldown, Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. To Nurserymen. JOURNEYMAN in the Houses.— Age 24; German. Ten years' experience in Roses, Ferns, Bou- vardias. Pelargoniums, Cyclamen, and all Soft wooded Plants. First-class references only.— H. 1)., Mrs. Marachall, 21, Elder- ton Road, Lower Sydenham, S.E. JOURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses.— v-* Age 22; two and a half years' character from present situation.— H. KING. The Gardens, Mark Hall, Harlow. TMI'ROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden — ■*- Age 18 ; a Premium will be paid.— A. B., Mr. J. Summer- tield, Shirley Road, Enfield. TMI'ROVER, in the Houses of a good Garden. -*- —Excellent character from presentand previous employers' — W. COUZENS, The Gardens, hendall Hall. Elstree, Herts. IMPROVER, Inside and Out, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 19 ; strong, active, aud willing. Two and half years' excellent character. Total abstainer.— 1.. WALTERS, Church Hill, Swanage. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age It) ; four J- years' experience in general Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Good references. Bothy preferred.— J. ASHDOWN, The Common, Sevenoaks, Kent. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 18; three and a half years in present situation. — Particulars from HEAD GARDENER, Newlauds, Hitchin. Herts. MPROVERj age 17.— A Gardener wishes to place his sou in some good Gardens, as above; beeu ■ee years in Garden. Good character, and good premium HENRY WILSON, Easthorpj Gardens, Ruddington, Not ts. IMPROVER, in the Gardens.— Age 17; two -O- aud a half years in present situation. Can be well recommended. Total abstainer. — A. LAMBERT, Little l'axton, St. Neots. Hunts. TMPROVER.— G. Hilton, Gardener to Colonel J- Ainsworth, J. P., Smithills Hall. Bolton, is anxious to tin,! a place for a strong Lad as above. Good character. Leaving through breakiug up establishment. Vn NURSERYMEN. lVrmanent situation A under (ibis., wanted, by young man. age 19, with seven years' experience in Market Nurseries ; well recommended by present employer, and accustomed to quick work.— COOK, ., Porch Cottages, Oakleigh Koad, Whetstone. rpO GARDENERS.— "Wanted, by a youth -O- (age 10), a situation in the Garden; has been in a Nursery, and used to Garden Work. Good character.— V. A. BOOKER, .",1. Kullcrton Road, East Hill, Wandsworth, S.W. rpO HEAD GARDENERS.— Advertiser seeks J- employment in Kitchen Gurd< r Pleasure Grounds. Eighteen months' character. Age 19. Can be recommended. W. GllDDAKD. Compton, Guildford, Surrey. Til GENTLE. MEN. Wanted, a situation, by A a young man (age 20), in a Gentleman's Garden. Inside and Out. Good character.— W. SMITH, Creech, Warehuru, Dorset, TO GARDENERS, &a Youth (age 16) 1. seeks situation in Nursery or Gentleman's Garden. Has eighteen months' experlenoe. Excellent reference. — F. SAl'NDERS, Worton House, Steeple Aston, Oxon. OI H • MAN, and useful in Garden. — Age 22; WOgesnO objection, as long us constant. Country preferred. Total abstainer. t.oo.1 references. —CHARLES SMITH, 1, Ash Villus. Washington Road, Norbiton, Surrey. SHOPMAN, or MANAGER, Uranch Busi- netSs dgedO; thorough experlenoe [n all Departments. Mi^ln'-t rrfrn-nii' iui'1 t.".i iniujimIs. Disengaged soon.— X., M.-^r-.. NUTTING ani.SONS, Southwork Strtut. London, S.E. SHOPMAN (Hbad), or otherwise, town or country. Age 84, married; thorough knowledge of the i - . ■!. in nil hraiichi-s.— LAKIX. K. Kous.% Ml, CnIforU Itoud, Klngttland, N. SMUl'MAN. — Age '2i; a young man with eight yean' experience in nil branches, neeks re-enRnge- meat. — A., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, 4), Wellington Street, Strund, W.C. SHOPMAN. Age S'J ; practical Gardener, good Flower Mounter, well Versed iu routine of Trade, Garden Work (jobbing) ; has the same in Uook-keeping ; seeks permanent situation. Good references. — A. B., Ch. Simon, tSU, EnKleflelti Komi. r?LORIST.— Situation wanted as ASSISTANT A (Lmlyj. — H., 1. Fortune Paradr, Hurle.sdrn, N.W. TO FLOKISTS.— A young Lady, age 24, _L seeks situation. Good references, and experienced in all as branches.- E. T., Hi^i. itoud, Chiswfck, Loudon. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Nervousness and want of Energy.— When first the nerves feel unstrung, and listle^sneHs Hupplants energy, it is the right time to take Home Alterative as Holloway's Pills to prevent disorder running into disease. These excellent Pills correct all irregularities and weaknesses. They act so kindly, yet so energetically ou the functions of digestion and assimilation, that the whole body is revived, the blood is rendered richer and purer, the muscles become firmer and stronger, and the nervous and absorbent systems are invigorated. These Pills are suitable for all classes and all ages. They have a most marvellous effect on persons who are out of condition ; they soon rectify whatever is in fault, restore strength to the body aud coai- ndence tothemiud. 312 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 8, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of every Highest Prize in all cases of competition, and they are the only Moivers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kemington. Dati-^mioofi hv_ \» _«_ ~*» Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, HER MOST GRACIOUS J£g™SS^w!Hr^ ^i^S^ *$VlNt? mVh^KS .-^ TZl l< etm^nShe' S&e",' Meda?™ HIS KOVAL HlllM» T HE I I KIM k . (>* W ALES, JP%lr?2&-^S granted to the old firm of world-wide fame. Messrs. T. Gkf.kn .V Son, of Leeds and The Late EMPEROR Y.F Tli^FKENCH The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, <*#~2#W^2^, London As the Machines ar, know,, ,„ all lands where Rood lawns are cherished, a',,,1 „„'„, of'tln- Noli, lit v I'l.-p-v, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. it is quite unnecessary togneany descnptiou ol tueni. AudmostoftheNob.ntsue^. ^ ^ y^ ^ ^eBe Machines have heen Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856. And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. ,,£o«s practical test* m Public Competition, and in all cases have carried off the Highest Pri.-e that has been given. The following are their Advantages over all others:— 2nd. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order. ise in working. 5th. They will cut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. GREENS PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, They have been submitted to 1st Simplicity of Construction— every part being easily access 4th. They make little SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. s«Dsa» SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. worked by I £, ,5 o a Lady ... S do. do. 2 10 0 do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 do. by a man ... 4 10 0 DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. To cut 16 inches, cm be worked by one man (. £,5 jq q nd boy •To cut 24 i ches, ches. 1 be worked by two I do. do. To cut 18 inches, do. do. 8 0 0 These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme ' * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30s. , 01 perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. thC Prices of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, including Patent Self Delivery Box. or Side Delivery, complete, suitable for attaching to Ordinary Chaise Traces or Gig Harness :— tay £1 16s. Packing Case. 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- the edges of walks, borders. &c, and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with shears. RjT A very useful and serviceable Machine. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse DONKEY and PONY MACHINES. HORSE MACHINES. To cut 2ti inches To cut 28 inches To cut 30 inches Leather Boots for Donkey Leather Boots for Pony The 26 and 28 inches 1 the Machine makes little in auy way damaging "MULTUM 34 0 £14 16 0 0 To cut 36 incnes 18 0 0 To cut 42 inches 10 0 To cut 48 inches 14 0 Leather Boots for Horse .19 0 ,liy be worked by a Donkey, the 30 inches by a Pony, and the larger sizes by a Horse ; and as working, the most spifited animal can be employed without fear of it running away, or Packing Cases as per List, except when for export. GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. ze for Clubs and Larg Grounds, price £,'. MAKERS OF PATENT STEEL OR IRON ANGULAR CHAMBERED AND TUBULAR HOT-WATER BOILERS '%&m (t-*JU< i8«ifc and others with SHELVES, (11 id Hollow or Ordi- nary Cast -Iron GRATE BAR*. VERTICAL SADDLE BOILERS, &c. ESi at all the principal Railway Sta tions ^«~*£ «g* 2£*£S£E, - ■* — The ahove Machines are Warranted to give entire »*«»«£££**£ £S^£EK£2S£. where they will have N.B.-Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repa r mga h sm , he '" h laces, ,„„,„„„ „ GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIR, AND ^S^^f^S™™ OF EVER, DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, &c 1 out of OMUE" a*al:5 "" — — - Descriptive mustrated PRICE LISTS Free on appucation to API/CDIADO DfUn I HUMIM • THOMAS CnEEH & SONW ggf^^jg gJBBJgg" "* UM ' — . .—. n ... . „ af fhfl nffi.,. 41 Wellington S-jreet, Covent Garden, London, W.C Mid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul s, movent uaroen, Established No. 25(53. No. 168.— Vol. VII. {J™"°} SATURDAY, MARCH 15, 1890. Regt. as a Newspaper. / PRICE 3d. .WITH SUPPLEMENT.! POST-FREE, 3}rf. CONTENTS. Age of trees, how to tell 323 Hardy fruit garden 327 Alstrcemerias 326 Humea elegans 330 Apiary, the 325 Kew notes 330 Arisicma anomalura ::.!! Kitchen garden 327 Auricula, the ::■..'-; La Mortola, frost at 330 Bedding plants, sub- ,, plants at 322 tropical 331 Lawns, renovating and Bertolonias X'."' mowing 331 Botanical Magazine 329 Lilies in tubs 336 Brugmansia sanguinea... 335 Lilium auratum 331 Bulb garden :«i Linnean Society 323 Caterpillars and fruit Nicotianaalfinis 324 treed :-;js Obituary : — Chambre Syndicale ::_".' Ainsworth, Dr. 333 Cultural memoranda 3:4 Harrison J 337 Cypress altemifolius ... 335 Webster, John 333 „ the deciduous 324 Odontoglossum maxillure Orchid-houses 82rj Daffodil Conference, the 329 :u; Empiricism or ration- Orchid notea 326 alism 319 Orchids, list of garden ... 33 1 Euchuris amazonica ... .til Perennials, planting 331 Eupatorium probum ;t-i Phlox Drummondi 324 Florists' flowers ;:■■•; Plants and their culture 320 Flower garden ... 327 Queensland, flora of 332 Flowers, dried, and the hhubarb, early 339 influenza 328 Roses, H.P., at the Con- Foster's. Prof., garden ... 333 ference 333 Fruits under glass 3a; Rural Economy 329 Galantlius nivalis Schar- Scliomburghkia Hum- locki 329 boldi 334 Gardening appointments 343 Societies : — Grammatophyllum spe- Royal Aquarium 33tS 324 Royal Horticultural ... 339 Green crops as manure... 335 Verbenas 334 Hippeastrums, Mr.Veitch Wildsmith memorial on 833 fund 326 ,334 ILLU8TR ATION8, Cypress, the deciduous, at Syoi (Supplement), and p. ... 329 Cypress knee 332 Eupstorium probum 321 Webster, the late John .. 333 Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6rL rpiIE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, ± Vol. VI., Third Series. JULY to DEC, lHsc.. W. RICHARDS. II, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IS AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America:—?:. H. LIB BY, Manager, "The American Garden," 111, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. ROYAL BOTANIC SOCIETY, Gardens, Regent's Park, N.W. FIRST EXHIBITION ot SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNES- DAY, March 26. Gates open at 2 o'clock. Band from 2 30 to 5.30. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 2s. 6 DAMSONS, feathered trees. 45». and 60s. per 100. PLUM STOCKS, trimmed ready for quartering, 80s. and 40». per 1000. STANDARD CHERRIES, very line trees, £15 per 100. OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, from 12s. per 100. WILL TAYLEH, Osbom Nursery. Hampton, Middlesex. ED CURRANTS, Raby Castle and Red Dutch. COB NUTS, strong well-rooted plants. APPLES, Pyramid, good sorts, 5 to 7 feet. Scarlet CHEST- NUTS, fine trees, 6 to 9 feet. STRAWBERRY PLANTS. Vicomtc-sc Her. cart ,1c II, nrv. Stirling Castle.— TODDINGTON orchard CO., Winchcombe, Gloucestershire. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 31-inch pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. 8end for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. T AWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" M.-J (Pa tent )ha.s the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent "NEW MODEL "is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN AND COLDWELL, M'F'il. Co.. 223. Upter Thames Street. London, EC. The largest makers of Lawn Mowers in I he world. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINEand PLANT _l_ MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B, 314 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [Maech 15, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Monday Next. Various LILIES, from Japan ; a large as ortment of English- grown LILIES and Hardv BULBS. S0O Hybrid GLADIOLI, American PEARL TUBEROSES, BEGONIAS, GLOX- INIAS. TIGRIDIAS, 300 CALLA ALBA MACULATA, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on MONDAY NEXT, March 17, at half-past 12 o'clock. TueBday Next. 40) Standard, Hilf-standard. Dwarf and Climbin^ ROSES. CARNATIONS. GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS. CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES. RHODODENDRONS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39. Gracechurch Street. E.C., ou TUESDAY NEXT, March 18, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. Ou view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Wednesday Next. 1000 LILIUM AURATI'M. 600 L. ALBUM KROCTZERI and 669 SPECTOSUM RUBRUM. from .1 pan; 151)0 American Pearl TUBEROSES. 1000 BEGONIAS, 1000 choice mixed Hybrid GLADIOLI, a large assortment, of various LILIES, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, about 300 Darned CARNA- TIONS from a first-class grower, -100 splendid Bulbs of VALOTTA PURPUREA, 500 ANEMONE The Bride, 150 AZALEA MOLLIS, 100 AZALEA INDICA in Flower, and other PLANTS from Belgium, Greenhouse and Stove FERNS. PALMS, and other DECORATIVE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. EC , on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 19. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 45.000 COC08 WEDDKLLIANA SEEDS, just received. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above in their SALE on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 19. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. S'LE of NURSERY STOCK from SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 20, a large quantity of NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE PUNTS from sample, ii eluding the fol- lowing : — 50) Adi pots 7-inch loon Double While Primulas 2000 Chrysanthemums 6000 Seaforthias 1500 Roses, of sorts 1000 Cocos Weddelli pha austral borbouica, moerops, in 48's a, Cory- Latatiia id Cha- 2,000 Cupressus 5.000 Laurustinus 2,000 Laurels, of sorts 5.000 Privet 30.000 Scotch Fir 20,000 Apple and Cherry- Stock 200,000 1-yr. Seedling Ash 2 ooo Lily of the Valley 2.001 Hardy British Ferns Standard and II .varf -trained FRUIT TREES in great variety STRAWBERRIES for Forcing, and large quantities of other Stock. application. ill be on view on morning of Sale. Catalogues on Friday, March 21. From Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. CATTLE Y A IMPERIALIS and others. Specially fine Importation, enormous masses. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C, on FRIDAY', March 21, at half-past 12 o'Clock, a specially grand importa- tion from Roezl's old locality, the Atrato River, whence came the superb varieties of years ago. The present consignment has been sent by one of our oldest collectors. Mr. Bartliolemus. and the plants have arrived in superb order, with grand leaves and bulbs, and tine dormant eyes. CATTLEYA IMPERIALIS is absolutely one of the finest of the whole genus In the lot now offered there are masses with 300 pseudobulbs, and many well-leaved, handsome, model specimens, that have the appearance of splendid established plants. There is altogether a distinctiveness about the plants now offered which should iuduce Orchid lovers to speculate, as something new will cer- tainly turn up among them, and we recommend buyers to carefully inspect the plants offered, as we believe many of the specimens are aureas. or a type of that magnificent Cattleya. We have now imported Cattleyas for twenty years, but have seldom seen such pictures of plants as many now offered. We spent a large sum of money in getting the consignment of this the finest Cattleya in the section. It is absolutely a fact that the white Gigas came from the same locality (See last number of Reichenbtchia.) On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. VANDA CCERULEA, a grand lot of Established Plants. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to include in theirSALE, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 21, a magnificent lot of the above-named ORCHIDS, consisting of about 35 plants in large pans, all in splendid health and condition. Every plant is offered, and the pans have from ] t0 ,;; Krowths each . also „ B.,leu,lki 8,,PL,imen of L.ELIA PURPURATA. of 53 BULBS and 9 FLoWER- SHKATHS. and specimen CATTLEYA MENDELII, with 60 Bulbs and 12 Flower-sheaths. Friday Next. ODONTOGLOSSUM (New Hybrid). MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C, on FRIDAY' NEXT, March 21, a magnificent plant of a natural hybrid ODONTO- GLi ISSUM, between Pescatorei and triumphans. absolutely dis- tinct from anything hitherto seen, and exquisitely charming ; it is in the wayof the known Knox's variety and Excellens in Sir Trevor Lawrence's and Baron Schroder's Collections, which plants were from our importation ; but the variety now offered is different to either, and takes rank with the princes of this genus. The flower is large, round, white and yellow ground, with numerous small aud large chocolate crimson markings. We offer this plant entire, consisting of four bulbs and two new growths ; it is a double plant with 11 leaves, and within a few months will divide into two. The plantcarries a spike of live flowers. Miy be viewed ou the morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, April 1st. SPECIAL SALE. -ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS de- sire to announce that their NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above, for which they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Wednesday Next. A consignment of AZALEAS, PALMS, RHODODENDRONS, and other PLANTS from Ghent. Also 1500 Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf ROSES, including many of the best-known varieties, from well-known Engli'-h and French growers; several hundred FRUIT TRb.ES, to name; BORDER PUNTS, in large quantity; Hardy Ornamental SHRUBS, EVERGREENS, CONIFERS, &c. ; LILIUM AURATI'M. PEARL TUBEROSES, LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS, GLADIOLI, and manv other BULBS and ROOTS, &c. ^/f R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by A AUCTION, at his GreatRooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT. March 19, at half- past 12 o'Clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. A fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, chiefly in Flower and Bud. VI R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- iT_l TION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 20, at half-past 13 o'Clock precisely, a line COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, chiefly inlFlowerandBud, including some fine varieties and specimens. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. 10,000 LILIUM AURATI'M. L. AURA ['I'M MACRANTHUM L. SPECIOSU.M Rt'HRUM, and many other LILIES from Japan, in fine condition ; PEARL TUBEROSES fiom America ; 10.00 I LILY OF THE VALLEY CROWNS, &c MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, March 20. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Frog Hall Nursery, Enaeld Road, Southgate. Within a short distance of New Birnet and Oakleigli Park Stations. G.N.R. MESSRS. HARLAND and SOX will SELL by AUCTION, upon the Premises as above, on TUES- DAY, March 18, 1890, at 1 for 2 o'clock, 1000 well-grown NAMED ROSES, in pots; 500 healthy WINDOW PLANTS, consisting of the best varieties for market purposes- lo lino Strong MANETTA STOCKS, 1000 Red and White CURRANT TREES. Good plants of the very best sorts. May be viewed by applying to Mr. GRAY, upon the Premises, of whom Catalogues may be had. Catalogues also at the usual Inns in the neighbourhood - and of the Auctioneers, Barnet, N, Morton's Nurseries, Mowden, Darlington To NURSERYMEN. SEEDSMEN, FLORISTS, and OTHERS interested in the Horticultural Trade. MESSRS. THOMAS WATSON and SON, Auctioneers, will SELL by AUCTION, at the Darling- ton Auction Hall, Northumberland Street, Darlington on TUESDAY, March 25. 1890, at half-past 7 o'clock in' the evening precisely, su'jject to such Conditions as will be then read, all that VALUABLE OLD-ESTARLISHED NURSERY, about Two Acres in extent, known as and being the Mowden Nurseries, in the occupation of Mr. T. B. Morton, the world- famed Chrysanthemum grower, and situate about 1J miles from the Market Place in Darlington aforesaid, with the MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE. STABLE. CART-SHED BUILDINGS, and GLASS-HOUSES erected thereon, viz.:— Iron-framed Chrysanthemum-house, 47 feet by 22, and 13 feet high; Iron-framed House, 52 feet by 12, with Propag iting- house, 12 feet square at end. and 40 feet of heated frames at side; Wood-framed House, 52 feet by 12, in three divisions- Wood-framed House, 30 feet by 15; Wood-framed House' 40 feet by 14 ; Iron-framed House, 45 feet by 12 ■ and Wood- framed House, 21 feet by 12. Six of the Houses are built on brick and concrete bases, and are of modern and unique con- struction, and gla/ed with large squares. The Houses are heated by two powerful boilers, and about 1.900 feet of 3 and 4-inch piping. The Nursery is well stocked with fruit trees, and is situate in close proximity to the Cocker Beck, from which a constant supply of water is obtained by means of an American pump, connected with which is a tank estimated to hold .".On gallons ' The Messuage or Dwelling-house contains on the ground floor two Sitting-rooms, Kitchen, and Small Room (the hitler used as an office); on the first floor five good Bedrooms appro ehed by front and back staircases. Adjoining is an excellent 3-stalled Stable and Cartshed with large Loft over. The Property may be viewed, and further information and particulars may be obtained, on application to the Auc- tioneers; Mr. T. B MORTON; Mr. 3.1. HALL, 41. Hodi Row Darlington; Mr. GEO. WEBSTER, Solicitor, Hound-ate' Dailington; or, WILKES ANT. WILKES, Solicitors Middles- brough and Darlington. Market Place. Darlington, March 6, 1890. Nevlll Court, Tunbridge Wella. To FLORISTS and MARKET GARDENERS. By order of the Executors. MESSRS. BRACKETT and SON (having sold the Estate) are instructed by the Executors of the late Mrs. Elizabeth Byass to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, as above, on WEDNESDAY, March 26, 1890, com- mencing at 11 o'Clock, a quantity of Outdoor Effects. FARM- ING STOCK, HAY, GARDEN TOOLS, GARDEN SEATS, about 1300 GREENHOUSE and STOVE PLANTS, including Palms, Orchids, Crotons. Azaleas, Cocos Weddeliana, Diefl'en- bachia, Kentia australis, Dracaenas, Caladiums. Euchnris, Areca, Hoya, Marantas, Rhapis. Humilis, Anthuriums, Pan- danus. Gardenia, Pancratiums, Oncidiums, Vandas, Dendrobes, Aerides, Cycas revoluta, Cyatheas, Chamterops, Lycaste, Cypripediums, Amaryllis, Imantophyllum. Begonias, Also- phyla australis. Phoenix reclinata, Adiantums, Danaltias, Blechnums, Calanthes, Allamauda, Stcplianods, Bongainvillea, Plumbago capensis, Solanums, Deutzias, Callas, Grevilleas, Genistas. Pelargoniums, Cyclamen, &c; about 3000 choice BEDDING PLANTS, FIG TREES, and about 90 superior PINE-APPLE PLANTS. On view the day prior to and morning of Sale. Catalogues may be obtained of the Auctioneers, 27, High Street. Tunbridge Wells. 6 w and i ANTED, a FLORIST'S NURSERY, with Shop, in leading thoroughfare ; rent about £50. Stock pming must be low.— Reply, GIDDY, Sunningdale. WANTED TO RENT, some GLASS, suit- able for Growing Cucumbers. Tomatos, and Cut Flowers for Market, with Dwelling house. C. H„ Pale House, Framtield, Sussex. UOR SALE, a compact NURSERY, 7 Houses X. nearly new, and specially adapted for growth of Orchids, Palms, and other Foliage Plants. 12 years' lease. Good Dwell- ing attached. Rent£l5. Full pirtieulars. J. PREWETT, Swiss Nursery, Hammersmith, W. East Retford. Notts. TO BE SOLD, by Private Treaty, a first-class NURSERY (gla's oaly), consisting of 6000 square feet, in full working order. A spleudid opportunity for a good man. Retford is within a short distance of Newark, Sheffield, Don- caster, Leeds. Bradford, an I Lincoln Markets.— For full particu- lars, apply, F. W, HODSON, Groveleigh Nurseries, Retford. The Ivies. Winchmore Hill. Situated on the northern heights of London. COMPLETE and COMMODIOUS DE- TACHED RESIDENCE for small family. On two floors, comprising six Bed-rooms, two Dressing-rooms, Bath-room, heated Linen-room, Box-rooms, Drawing-room with Verandah, large Dining-room, Library, Pantries, Kitchens, Larders. Wine Cellars, &c. Double Stabling, Coach-house, Harness- room, Wash-house, and Sheds, with Coachman's or Gardener's Cottage, and well-paved Yard. Hot and Cold Water, and Gas l.id on everywhere, with numerous Hydrants for Garden and House in case of tire. Whole premises in perfect condition and repair. Delightful Garden, lj acres, beautifully laid out, with five Glass-houses, many frames economically worked by one Boiler, with duplicate if needed. 9 acres of Meadow, fine Tennis Lawn, Kitchen Garden, Cowshed, and Pond. Haifa mile from G. N. R. station, half an hour from Broad Street or Moorgate Street. Sixteen years lease. TO BE DISPOSED OF, Rent £120 9acres, £20 per annum. Reasonable premium required. i Photos a.' ;0, Cheapside (Messrs. DEBENHAM), and at 8, Pall Mall east, S.W. (Messrs. HAMPTON). L O R I S T'S First-class Old-established BUSINESS, same hands twenty years; splendid corner position, west, midst, of squares, close to Parks, and Kensington Gardens; pretty and commodious Glass Frontage ; Stabling, with Offices, &c. FOR DISPOSAL through death of pro- prietor ; good contract and out-door business, employing ten men in the season ; certain money-making genuine concern; reut low, only £o", long lease, excellent repair. Apply, W., Gardeners' Chronicle office, 41, Wellington Street, strand. W.C. To Gardeners.— \ ineries near London. FOR SALE, TWO FREEHOLD VINERIES, and 3 Acres planted with Muscat, Black Hamburgh, Gros Colmar, and Alicante. Owner (Army Colonel ordered abroad) will sell at great sacrifice. Price £1500. Reasonable deposit. Balance in instalments. Apply, HERBERT H. FULLER, Surveyor and Auctioneer, 15, Serjeant's Inn, E.C O BE LET or SOLD, a 6-roomed COTTAGE, with about 1 Acre ol Land, the Stock being of miscel- laneous description, and suit ible for supplying the require- ments of Town or Suburban Business.— Apply to Mr. JOHN EMULETON. Suffolk House. New Hampton. TO BE LET or SOLD, Aylestone, near Leicester, a valuable and most eligible FREEHOLD and FLORIST'S NURSERY, consisting of a well-built Bay-win- dowed Villa Residence. 7 large Greenhouses, and a good Garden well-stocked with Fruit Trees, having a river frontage, and situated 2 miles from Leicester on the main road to Lutter- worth, known as Aylestone Park. Reut £60 per annum. No stock. Trams pass the dour every 10 minutes. Apply to S. WALKER. Aylestone Park ; or HARRISON AND SONS. Seed Merchants. Leicester. London. S.E. TO BE LET, or Freehold SOLD, an old estab- lished (22 years) NURSERY BUSINESS near Putney. Aboutan acre of Ground, capital frontage Dwelling House, Stabling, Coach House, Sheds, &c.,and about 12,000 feet of Glass. The whole is iu substantial repair and forms one of the most compact properties which can be found near London. Apply • • PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67. Cheapside London EC ' TANSLEY WITT, 40, Chancery Lane. London W C ' ' TO LEI, near Worthing, about 1140 feet of GLASS HOUSES, sU, table for Tomatos. Cucumbers and Grapes. 2J miles from Worthing ; 1 mile from nearest eoods station. Apply to ARTHUR HENTY, Esq., B-oad water Hall, Worthing. Mabcb 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 315 To Florists, &c. SUITABLE LAND at Edmonton and Wood- ford TO LET. Freeholder will assist a practical man who has a little capital. Apply, to view, SEARS, 1, Graham Road, Edmonton ; DYER. Woodford Bridge; or, for particulars, to FREE- HOLDER, 33, Dorset Street, Portman Square, W. To Amateurs of Horticulture. TO LET, on Lease (nearly thirty years unex- pired). DETACHED RESIDEXCE (drainage perfect), containing, on Ground-floor, three Reception-rooms of excel- lent dimensions; on FirsKloor, five Bed-rooms and Bath-room, with two Attics above; good Domestic Offices, and excellent Wine-cellar, Coach-house. Stabling. &c. Situated within a mile from Heme Hill Station, on high ground, with Garden (t acre extent), slightly sloping west, surrounded by park- land and gardens. Garden entirely transformed during last twenty-five years by present tenant— leaving London. Con- servatory, Stoves. Greenhouses, and Brick fits, comprising together 116 square vards Glass, furnished with choicest varie- ties, hundreds each "of FERNS, AZALEAS, including all Van Houtte's and others' newest, best, CAMELIAS. and others. Similar quantities and highest class outdoor ROSES, flowering Trees and Shrubs, Perennials. Alpines, with over ten dozeu sorts CONIFERS (two large Cedrus Libani on Lawn, 50 yards long). Most extensive collection of choicest trained most pro- ductive FRUIT TREES, including long row on south wall. Constant Water-supply through whole Garden, which is most productive in Vegetables, separated from Lawn by Rhododen- dron ridge of choice sorts. Additional Ground obtainable, possibly several acres. Rent. £140. Address, by letter, A. C. F., No. 17, to Eicon's Library, 10 Tulse Hill, S.W. bonder's End. Middlesex (8} Miles from London). T'( I I5E LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and Arable LAND, on Lease, for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £i to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. AXD G. GUn'ER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, Middlesex. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, EoKTiCtrir TritAL Market Garden and Estate AuorxoiTBEBS and ViMKKi, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C., and at Leyton- stone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. GENTS WANTED, for the SALE of NATIVE GUANO. The Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden we.- Address, THE NATIVE GUANO COMPANY (Limited), 29, New Bridge Street. Bluekfriars, London, E.C. ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are ottering* fine lot of newly imported Dendrobium Wardiu- num Lowii, D. Brymenanum (true long-bulbed variety), and many other fine Hem lrol.es and Orchids, also an Immense sto:k of Established Orchids. LISTS with Prices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company. THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON. near LIVERPOOL. ri RAND N E W 0 O L E U S, IjT "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticulture! Society), A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notch.! if the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a generalfavoiinte. Plants S». id. each (ready in May) Posi end package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, O. PHIPl'EN. F.B.H.8., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. n E BIG SALE Embraces General Nnnery Stock. RHODODENDRONS, Standards ami Dwarfs. AZALEAS, Named and others. ANDROMEDA 1-T.oRIHUNDA. ERICA CARNEAor UKKBACEA. A tew fine Trained FRUIT TREES, Hardy EVERGREENS of most kinds. Requirements are solicited, As Every tiling is Ottered at a Reduction. CHARLES NOIILE. Bagshot. Special Cheap Oiler. WILLIAM BARRON and SON, Landscape UAiihi m as and Ni itsi uy\ii n, otter the following special bargains : — NAMED RHODODENDRONS, all the best varieties grown in loam, tine healthy plants, 1J to 2 feet bigh, most kinds well set with bloom bad, 2T». perdoz.,»sJper u> I. ABIES MENZIESI. 3 to 4 feet. :!.'.«. per loO. CUPRESSUS LA WSONIANA, 7 to 8 feet, extra transplanted, 40 j. per dozen. „ ,, ERECTA \ IKIDIS, 1} to 2 feet, 30s. per 100. ,, „ GRACILIS PENDI'I.A (the finest form of a green Lawsoniana), 4 to 5 feet, 21s. per dozen, PICEA NOBILIS, 1 to 1J feet, 30s. per 100: 1J to 2 feet, -10s. per 100. PINUS AU8TRIACA, 1 to If feet. 20s. per 1000; l}to2fief, 30«. per 1000. „ LARICIO, 9 to 12 inch., 35s. per 1000; 12 to 15irch., 1st. per i FOREST TREES and QUICKS of all sizes, very cheap. The finest C.ill.s ! ,.,,, of Hardy EVERGREEN TREES in the Midland Counties. Plans and Estmates furnished for the Improvement of Public and Private Parks or Gardens. Descriptive CATALOGUES on application. Elvaston Nurseries, Borrowash, Derby. QUICKS— QUICKS — QUICKS. Strong transplanted Quicks, large quantity. 10s., 12s.. and 15s. per 1000. Samples on application. JOHN PERKINS AXn SON, 52. Market Square, Northampton. 1fM.fi FLOWERING BULBS of Galanthua luuv Elwesii, Chionodoxa Lueilliae or Chionodoxa Sardensis, are offered for 12 francs bv FRANZ SCHLOSSER. Nurseryman and Florist, Smyrna. Asia Minor. Orders not later than the end of the month of April. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST e of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all the best varieties under cultivation of 1S89 growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing E-tablishment, Wisbech. ORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' FLOWERS for 1S90— (116 pages). Is the Largest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Flori-ts' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mass of other useful information indispensable to all who would excel in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the hands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN FORBES. Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. T R O N G FOREST TREES, &c. ALDER. 4 to 5 feet, and 5 to 6 feet. ASH, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. ., Mountain, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. BEECH, 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, and 8 to 10 feet. BIRCH. 2J to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. ELM, Wych, 3 to 4 feet, 4 to 5 feet, and 5 to 6 feet. FLR, Austrian. 2 to 3 feet, 3 to 4 feet, aud 4 to 5 feet. „ LARICIO. 2 to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. „ Scotch, U to 2 feet, 2 to 2J feet, and 2} to 3 feet. ,, Spruce, 1} to 2 feet. 2 to 2} feet, and *} to 3 feet. LARCH. If to 2 feet. 2} to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. DAK. English, 3 to 4 feet, and 4 to 5 feet. PRIVET. Common, 2} to 3 feet, and 3 to 4 feet. „ OVALTFl ILIA, -' to -'J feet, 2j to 3 feet, and 3 to 3} feet. All these different sir.es are stout, good, well-rooted plants, and the prices quoted w-:ll ).-■ v.rv reasonable in order to cleur. JOHN HILL, Spot Acre Nurseries, near Stone, Staffordshire. " Now la the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, Fill IT TREKS, ROSK.S, CLIMBING PLANTS. Ac, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, urn! having bean grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations fur large quantities, delivery free withiu a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing 8EAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries, Trinity Road. Wandsworth Common. FERNS.— FERNS.— FERNS.— Strong Plants, Pteris cretiea cristate, 4s. per box, containing about 100 plants. Cash with ord.-r. R. T. CHXLDS, Blenheim Nursery. Rye Lane. Peckham. S.E. R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful « BEGONIAS. The best Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. Begonias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double and Single. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. O S I A II IT BATH offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOSi— Old Ashleal Vicar of Laleham Hirers' Royal do. Fortyfold Myatt's Prolific do. Imperalor Snowdrop Kidney Magnum lionuni White Elephant Early Rose Beauty of Hebron Regent SnowfUke Schoolmaster And other leading varieties. Prices on application to— 1, York Street, [lurou|»ti Market. S.I". ANDRE LEROi'S Nurseries at Angers, France, the largest and richest in Europe in Collections of FRUIT and ORNAMENT \I. TREES. SHRUBS. CI MELLIAS, ROSES, SEEDLINGS, STOCK FRUIT TREES, Ac. CATALOGUES sent on application. Freight from Augers to London is very moderate. Medal of Honour at the Universal Exhibition at Paris, 1878. Orders must be addressed to Mi ssrs. WATSON amp SCULL, 00. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. rPllE "STANLEY" KIDNEY POTATO is -L the t> he best of the Early Ashleaf section, cropper, grand quality, both when young and matured. Giown on red soil. Price 3s. fttl. per stone, cash with order. H. HAVELOCK, Hexham. Special selection, 1 stone Stanley, 1 stone Bruce, 1 stone Imperator, the best Potatos grown, true to name, 7<-, bags free, cash with order. H. HAVELOCK, Hexham. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. Hani) F. SHARPE will be pleased to e give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. THE THIRD ELECTION Of TEN CHILDREN To the Benefit of this Fund, Consisting of an allowance of 5s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule Xllt".), will take plice on FRIDAY, July 18th next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, Loudon. E.C. All applications must be made on a proper Printed Form, Copies of which may bo had Gratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up. duly signed, and returned to this Office not later than WEDNESDAY, April 23. A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, S.\V. rPHE BRITISH FRUIT GROWERS' -L ASSOCIATION. President— LORD BROOKE, M.P. Conferences have been arranged to be held during lfyO at Leicester, Brighton, the Crystal Palace, an 1 the Koy:il Aquarium. Committee meetings will be held monthly in the Horticultural Club Room. Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, S.W. — Programmes aud all particulars can be had, post-free, from the Hon. Secretary, Mr. LEWIS CASTLE. HOTHAM HOUSE, Merton, Surrey'. DAILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, vid Queenborough, Flushing, Kal- denkirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian Posts, is specially aduptod for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, &c. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariffs freeon application. Goods nlso accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST, RYLEY and CO.. 88. Bishopsgate Street, Loudou, E.C. Receiving Office at Holborn Viaduct Station. MACKETT'S ORCHID BUREAU AGENCY. A Medium for Gentlemen wishing to Dispose of Duplicates, or desirous of Acquiring Neu; Hare, or Special Plants. WEEKLY LIST of "PLANTS ON OFFER" and "PLANTS WANTED" forwarded, post-free, on application. F. G. MACKETT, Sole Proprietor, ORCHID BUREAU. ST. ALBANS. FOREST TREES.— Ash, 1 to 2 feet, 12.s. (kl. per 1000; do., 2 to 3 feet, 16s. per 1000; Beech. 1} foot. Mi. per 1000 i 3 feet. 16*. ; 2} feet, 7s. 6d. ; 2$ to 3 feet, 20s. ■ 3 to 4 feet, 23s. per 1000; Horse Chestnuts, 1 J to 2 feet, 18s. per 1000; Spanish Chestnuts, 1} to 2 feet, 17s. per loon ; 3 to 3} feet. 22s. per linrj; Larch. IS to 21 inches. Iris, per 1000; 2 feet, 20s. per 1000s Spruce Fir, 1 to 1J feet, 12s. per 1000; 1} to 2 feet, 13s. ; 2Jfeet. 16s. per 1000: Ha/els, 1 j to 2 feet, 201. per 1000 ; P. austriaca. 2-yr.. 2-yr. transplanted, 14s. per 1000; Syca- more. 1 to 2 feet, 12s. per 1000; 3 to 4 feet, 18s. per 1000; 7 to 8 feet, 10s. per 100 ; Wych Elm, 4 to 6 feet, 4s. per 100. GARLIES MITCHELL. Nurseryman, Stranraer. TOVE & GREENHOUSE PLANTS. ' — 12 lovely kinds, either for exhibition or decora- tion, 9s., 12s., 18s. and 24s. per doz. ; 12 lovely Climbers for ditto, same prices. Lovely Orchids, easiest sorts to grow, and best for cutting, 6 varieties, 21s. or 3Cs. ; 12 vars , 42s. or 63s. 6 lovely Greenhouse Rhododendrons, 12s. 6o\ ; lurger, 21s. r?££S=» pLIBRAN'S TUBEROUS BEGO- kX33? \J NIAS, colour, habit, and freedom pre-eminent, Singles: seed, Is., Is. (id. and 2s. M. per packet; Tubers, 4s., 6*., 9*., and 12s. per dozen. Doubles, splindid forms: teed, 2s. 6d. per packet; tubers, 9s., IDs., 20s., and 30s. per doren. LIST, three slumps. CLIBRAN. Oldtteld Nursery, Altrincham nnd Manchester. Special Cheap Offer. ISAAC MATTHEWS and SONS have to offer 100.000 very fine plants of RHODODENDRON for forcing. Cunningham's White. Juiksonii, Caucasicum pictum. PONTIOUM RHODODENDRON, from 3 to 6 inches, and intermediate sizes up to 4 feet, about 600.000; S Iling Hybrids, in sizes from 4 to 6 inches to 3 feet, about 40O.III1I). HOLLIES, Common LAURELS, Portugal LAURELS, English YEWS, CUPRESSUS RETINOSPORA, AZALEAS, 200,000 strong 4-yr. and S-yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and particulars upply to the Nurseries, Milton and Wetley Moor, Stoke on-Trent. To the Trade. GOLDEN GEM CALCEOLARIAS, fis. per 100, 40s. per 1000. W. P. Milner CARNATION, in3-lnch pots, 40s. per 100. Old Crimson CLOVE, in 3-inch pots, 20s. per 100. CHRYSANTHEMUM Souv. d'un Ami, in 3 inch pots, S0». per 100 ; Wine, Dcsgrange (rooted cuttings;, 10s. per 100. GERANIUM Ilv. Jacoby, Vesuvius, E. V. Raspail, and Crystal Palace Gem (cuttings), Bf. per 100. HARRISON'S MUSK, stock plants U p. ,l..r., 2.r.s. p. inn. -G. HOLMES, Hnxbv Road, York. JE. DIXON'S "PRESIDENT CARNOT " • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per packet, for season 1890. The following testimonial (one of many similar) has been received from — Mr. Geokok Summers, Gardener to the Earl of Searbrough :— "Dear Sir, — I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprouts by the side of several other well- known varieties, and have come to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety grown." London Wholesale Agents :— HURST AND SON. 152, Hounds- ditch, E.; COOPER, TABER AND CO. (Limited), 90, Soutll- wark Street, Borough, S.E. JOHN ETHKRINOTON DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. 316 THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1890. 'S " UNIVERSAL" COLLECTIONS FOR ONE YEAR'S SUPPLY. VEGETABLES.— 2s. 6 — -T -_ .. 12 fine Bouvardias, 4s. ; Her- r^rvfc. I I Y baceous Calceolarias (no better GREENHOUSES. ^£M?&eS£?: £% pots, 3s. per doz. New LIST, 16J pages, three stamps. CLIBRAN. Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham and Manchester. Purchasers of TREES AND EVERGREENS should send for our special offer. DICKSONS Nurseries, CHESTER. RELIABLE SEEDS. ug your supply of Seeds for the season send for BARNES Before obt BARNES' DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free. Save 15 to 25 per Cent, by purchasing Best Quality Only. J. E. BARNES, Seed-grower and Seedsman, Exchange Street, Norwich. SEED POTATOS. To Grow In GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin— a great improvement on the old variety. Grand Market or Exhibition Bort. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, the most complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts worth growing. j watkins, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITH1NGTON, HEREFORD. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. t\ \J OlO. Bushes 8s. per dozen, 60s. per 100. gf Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 15*. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12*., 18s., and 24s. per doz. TABLE, FLO and FABM. Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. CHESHUNT standard APPLES. PAUL & SON Have still to offer fine 6 ft. stemmed trees of THE LEADING SORTS OF APPLES. Also PLUMS. Selected trees for Orchard Planting, from £12 per 100, downwards. The NEW CATALOGUE is ready, and should be applied for by all intending large planters desirous of starting with the best trees. THE OLD NURSERIES, CHESHUNT, HERTS. FARM ROOT SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE & CO. WILL SEND SPECIAL QUOTATIONS OF THEIR HOME-GROWN FARM SEEDS ON APPLICATION. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits postrfree. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridg-eworth, Herts. FERNS A SPECIALTY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of stove, greenhouse and hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Books, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21). containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on the cultivation of Ferns, OneShilli.vg and Sixpence, post-free. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. SELECT YEGETABLB &, Flower Seed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. Best Qualities Only, Prices most Moderate. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated Descriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370 Post Free on application. 9 JT^Tf C/^^KTClNurserlesS Seed JLS X\J X\. &3SJX* |S3 Establishment (Lifted, cixester. TO THE TRADE. WE can make Special Prices for any of the following, in quantities :— PEAS. ABUNDANCE I PRIDE OF MARKET AMERICAN WONDER NE PLUS ULTRA IUCKSON'S FAVOURITE LITTLE GEM FoRTYFOLD TOM THUMB ALASKA [ YORKSHIRE HERO. ONIONS. BEDFORDSHIRE CHAMPION WHITE GLOBE | WHITE SPANISH. HOWCROFT & WATKINS, BEEP MERCHANTS. COVENT GARDEN. LONDON, W.C. SE VENT Y-FI VE ACRES of remarkably well-grown Trees. Inspection invited. New descriptive CATALOGUE FRUIT TREES. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Beat in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's see Is are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. STANDARD SUvPar^esI0R O/'VOC'O Special Prices, with CATA- ** V *** *~< k* * LOGUES, on application. DlCKSONS CHRYSANTHEMUM, MRS. ALPHEUS HARDY, The finest lot of strong plants. Eit- a large, 3s. 6d. and 2s. 6rf. each ; 36s. and 27s. per dozen. A. J. A. BRUCE, The Nurseries, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. LIBRAN'S SEED LIST, Illustrated, 112 pages, free, three stamps. lUTCDECTIUP Best Vegetables and Flowers, including 111 I LnCOl IHU all that is fashionable. Poppies. Gail- lardias. &c. Clibran's Tomato is the Best. Try it I Is. and 2s. 6, and 100s. per 100. Boxes and packing free. Cash with order. JAS. HOLDER am. S'.N. Crown Nursery, Reading. DOTATOS "Bedfordshire-grown" PoTATOS. -I- Highly recommended to all "who require change of B 1." Special cash offer : — Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance, Beauty of Hebron. New Early Monarch, School- master. Sutton's Early Regents, White Elephants, Beading Ruasetts, Early Rose. Imperators(large), and Vicurof Laleham, nil at £3 In*, per ton. 4s. 6d. per cwt. Magnum Bouum. " Sutton's," 50s. per ton, . 'Is. per cwt. Free delivery on to raii (Gre-.t Northern Railway). Hags included for en li with orders. — FREDK. GEE. Riverford House. Biggleswade. Bedfordshire. (Please name this journal when ordering.) STANDARD ROSES. — VT. Kl'.MSEY can still supply fine Some-grown Standard and Half-atandard ROSES. Priced DwcrfptW* CATALOGUE free. Trade prices on application. Joyning's Nurseries. Waltham Cross. V The Best Present for a Gardener. INKS and VINE CULTURE, Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s.. post-free 5s. 6tx\ A. F. IIARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chii riok. GEORGE COOPER, Seedsman, Bedford. Special offer. Terms, cash : — BEAKS, Dwarf French. Ne Plus Ultra ... 16s. Od. per bushel. „ ,. Canadian Wonder 13s. 0d. ., Early Longpod bs. 6d. PEAS, Leicester Defiance 10s. Od. „ ,, He Plus Ultra 12s. Od. J'.F.F.T. Nuttings, Dwarf Red. improved... Is. tyi. per lb. CAKKOT, .lames Scarlet, Intermedial*... b6s. (id. per cwt. ,, St. Valery 70s. Od. „ ., Cbantenay 75». Od. ONION, Bedfordshire Champion 5*. 6d. per lb. Silver-skin, far pickling 2s. fid. PARSNIP. Improved Hollow Crown ... 32s. Od. per cwt. ,, ,, F.l-ombe> 35*. Od, POTATOS " Bedfordshire-grown" POTATOS. Highly recommended to all " who require change" of seed." Special cash offer :— Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance, Beauty of Hebron. New Early Monarch, School- master, Sutton's Early Regents, White Elephants, Reading Russetts. Early Rose, Imperators (large), and Vicar of Laleham, all at £3 10s. per ton, 4s. 6d, per cwt. Magnum Bonnm. " Sutton's," 50s. per ton, 3s. per cwt. Free delivery on to rail (Great Northern Railway). Bjgsincluded for cash with orders. —FREDK. GEE. Riverford House, Bigeleswade, Bedfordshire. (Please name this journal when ordering.) ^0 ftOft GREEN EUONYMUS, 0\J^\J\J\J all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, CHEAP TRADE OFFER. RHODODENDRON PONTICUM. 12 to 21 inches, bushy, los. per 100; 9 to 12 inches, bushy. 12s. per 100. PINE, Weymouth. 1 to 2 feet, bushy, 12s. per 100. THTIIA LOBBII, U to 2J feet, bushy, 15s. per 100. LAUREL, Portugal, 12 to IS inches, 'bushy, 12s. per 100 ; 1| to 2J feet, extra bushy, 40s. per 100. ., Common, 2, 3, 4. and 5 feet, bushy, lbs. to 25s. per 100. TREE DEUTZIAS, 5 to 6 feet, 30s. per 100. HOLLY STOCKS, fine, bushy, 50s. per 1000. QUICK, strong. 1£ to 2 feet, bushv, 10s. per 100. GRAY axd SONS, Brox Nursery, Chertsey, Surrey. Seed Potatos. Hand F. SHAIU'E have still in stock the • following varieties of SEED POTATOS, which they are offering at very low prices : — SandrinKham Eidi River's Royal Ashleaf Alma Kidney Old Ashleaf Kidney Pride of Ontario Snowdrop Beauty of Hebron Duke of Albany American Early Rose White Elephant Goran. Garde* Pi i Schoolmaster Early Oxford Sutton's Masterpiece Reading Hero Best of All Queen of the Valley Village Blacksmith And many The above have been raised on* are fine in quality, and well dressed, SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH ten's Improved Ashleaf Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf Gloucestershire Kidney Mona Pride Snow flake White Beauty of Hebrou Pride of America Extra Early Vermont International Kidney Sutton's Abundance Sutton's Early Regent LadyDundas Early Dalmahov Red-skin Flourbull Reading Russet Idtrondaok Magnum Bonum Imperator n Farm expressly for Seed, KELWAY'S COLD MEDAL l'3 SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI, P.V.oNIES, I'YI'.KTIIKUMS, OAILLAKI'I VS. DELPHINIUMS, &c. CATALOGUES now rt-ii.)y. gratis and post-free, containing Pricad and I ita of all uur Specialties for 1890, ana everything needful for the Garden. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. ■'THE BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN "DICKRO NP3 I 'I ■' ito V i ■>." U -per bus Cinular, with testimonial*, Port !'>,,■ I DICKSONS^.^^CHESTER./ SEAKALE. V.ry Low PrioM to Clear. Packing Free for Cash. 2nd size, Forcing, 6«. pet 100j 10,. per 1000. Good Planting size, i ■■ pet 100; 80*. per woo. ASPARAGUS. Strong, healthy, 2-year roots. 2$. 6 i 1'ink Lily), fine strong bulbs. Is,, 6>., and 9». l"-r dozen. ridiculously low prices. L. MACRAMHIM, ii lovely Lily, 2l. each. 20s. per dozen— line for exhibition. Special LILY LIST ft. appliciil.iou. Thirty varieties on offer. W. 11. HUDSON. West Green Road. Tottenham, London. [TOR SALE, [0,000 GENISTAS, in 3-inch JL pots, at 7s. per 100; 250 Store-pots. 40 to 60 Cuttings, well-rooted, in 5-inch pots. £1 per score. Cash with Order. T. BALDWIN ANDSON. Edith Nursery, Burchall Road, Leytoil, EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In beauti- fully illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. 6d., and 6s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. M. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. perdoz.; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest. 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz.; choicest Mixed. 18s. perdoz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SONS. Begonia Growers, Forest Hill. S.E. FERNS.— Pteris tremula, nice stuff, in Thumbs, 12s. ; in 60s, 14s. per 100 For cash. J. PAXTON, Nurseryman, 31, Green Lanes, Stoke Newington.N. CMALL COLLECTION of ORCHIDS.— For O Sale, good pieces ef Cattleyas gigae, Sanderiana, aurea. Lselia elegans. Cypnpediums caudntum. Spicenanum, Stonei &r — GARDENER. St.iin.lirfe, SeatonCarew. Weil, Hartlepool 318 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 15, 1S90. SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA Unsurpassed by any other strain In cultivation. "The Cinerarias (of which I grow a quantity) are now making the Const' rvat or v gay, and will do so for a long lime, as 1 hart several batches in different stages. They are un- doubtedly the finest strain I ever saw, both as regards size and colour. I used to think that the coloured plates in your Catalogue were greatly exaggerated in regard to the colour- ing, but I have now quite changed my mind. I have at the present time several in flower which I defy the printer to excel, notably a deep blue and dark maroon. They are also possessed of a nice dwnrf sturdy habit, which is greatly in their favour."— Mr.CHAS. Blair, Gardener to Mrs. Malcolm, Bn'nfoot, Langholm. Price of Seed, mixed colours. 2s. 6d. and 5s. per Packet, post-free. SUTTON & SONS, READING. VEITCHS SUPERB J THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION. Awarded a Special Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. VEITCH'S " SNOWFLAKE." The finest pure white Fern-leaved variety. Flowers large, of fine form, massive substance, and exquisitely fringed. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S chelsea SCARLET. The brightest and richest of all the high-coloured varieties. Per Packet, 2s. 6d. VEITCHS CHELSEA BLUE. Flowers o' a beautiful rich blue colour. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA ROSE. " Veitch's Primulas are distinguished by purity, softness or richness of colour, great substance of blooms, and in most cases bv exceptional size." — Journal of Horticulture, January 31, 18S9. Fbr full descriptions of the 'above, see Seed CATALOGUE, forward d Gratis and FoA-ftee on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, sw. SHARPE'S NOVELTIES." PEA.— Sharpe's Victory per pint pkt., 2 6 PEA— Sharpe's Empress per quart, 3 0 PEA— Sharpe's Queen per quart, 3 0 ,, „ per pint, 1 6 PEA— Sharpe's Sir F. A. Milbank ... per pint, 1 0 PEA— Sharpe's Triumph per pint, 1 0 PEA— Sharpe's Paragon per pint, 1 0 POTATO -Sharpe's Standard per lb., 0 6 POTATO— Sharpe's Victor per stone, 4 0 POTATO— Sharpe's Duke of Albany ...per stone, 2 0 BROCCOLI— Sharpe's Monarch ... ...per pkt., 1 6 BROCCOLI— Sharpe's Selected Winter... per pkt., 1 0 BRUSSELS SPROUTS-Sharpe'sStandard, p. pkt., 1 6 CABBAGE— Sharpe's SI andard per pkt., 1 0 BEAN— Sharpe's Conqueror per pint, 1 0 Cr CUMBER— Sharpe's Epicurean ... per pkt., 2 0 TOMATO— Sharpe's Eclipse per pkt., 1 0 ONION— Sharpe's Prize White Spanish... per pkt., 1 0 COLLECTIONS OF SEEDS IN BOXES, arranged to produce a continuous supply of Vegetables all the year round : — No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. li, 63S. 42s. 30s. 21s. 15s. 10s. 6(1. SHARPE'S ILLUSTRATED and DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE for 1890, Post-fn ; name of the place, call them by Gloire or Belle, and so on. We are not guiltless in this matter on our side of the water, as Mr. Wilks has shown, not only with Roses, but with other flowers also ; thus amongst Auriculas, which comprises per- haps not more than 150 varieties, there are found two George Lightbodys, three Ne Plus Ultras, two Biitannias, two A polios, three Uniques, and so on. We must do the best we can, and in the meantime just remember how hard it must be to find suitable names for some fifty or sixty Roses year after year. While, then, as 1 I ave said, there are some things which I cannot understand— as, for example, why Marie Baumann, or La France, should ever have been left out of any lists of the best twelve — yet, on the whole, we may safely tbide by the decisions given, although individual fancy will place some in a higher position amongst the best twenty-four, and some in a lower plac With regard to your correspondent " Rosa's " remarks on what I laid with regard to two of the Tea Rjses, I should like to reply. First of all, with regard to Marie Van Houtte and Anna Ulivier, I have no wish to disparage the former, for I think, when caught at its best, with its lovely cream colour ground, and its faint pink markings, it is exquisitely beautiful, I merely wished to imply that I pre- ferred Anna Olivier, because it had the true pointed shape, which I consider typical of the Teas, and in point of fact, Marie is much oftener shown than Anna, owing partly, I think, to the fact of its extreme vigour of growth, and the consequent greater number of flowers produced — but after all, this is a mere matter of taste. As to Homere, I must still maintain my opinion that it is not an exhibition Rose; I have never seen it on a good stand, and this not simply for its small size, but because of its roughness, it is very difficult to get it in good form; in this I am borne out by the analysis of Mr. Mawley, to which I have already referred — he gave the number of times certain Tea Roses were shown at the Metro- politan show of the National, and although he gives the names of thirty-one Teas, Homere does not appear amongst them. This I think, is conclusive, as to its position as an exhibition Rose — very pretty it is as a garden Rose, and this is I think its true position. Wild Hose. HOW TO TELL THE AGE OF TREES. Tin. practical horticulturist has many methods of getting at the age of a tree without counting the rings, just as a mathematician can tell its height without ascending to the top with a foot-rule — and some of these methods I adopted when in California, to test the assumed age of the big trees by their rings, and in every case the enormous age was confirmed. One of these methods was to take a blaze mark, the age of which was known, and count the number of rings that had been made on the outer edge since the mark was cut. I found these averaged about 11) to the inch. Counting those in the centre of a cut across stump, which must have been its early growth, I found them wider. The two together, and then averaged, would give a fair ratio of age per inch. If it took 21 of these to make an inch, which the cut on the outside proved it did, a tree 20 feet in diameter would be 16S0 years old. We get at this much easier than by puz/.ling over obscure annual rings for half a day or more. Another way to prove age is by noting the num- ber of main side branches growing from the trunk in many coniferous trees, of which the white Pine and Norway Spruce are familiar examples. Looking at fine specimens of these trees, the branches seem stiatilied. This comes from the formation of the terminal buds at the apex of the growth of the leader. There is one very strong bud for the point, and three, four, or five strong ones beside it. All below are very weak buds. It is these strong buds that make the very strong horizontal shoots that afterwards give the stratified appearance to the whole tree. These in the white Pine of ordinary growth are about a foot or 15 inches apart, and even though the lower lateral branches die, they leave the " knots " by which their former existence can readily be seen. I saw Sugar Pines cut in California where a hundred or more of these branches or their knots would be readily traced, and the age fixed, and the rings of wood would exactly correspond. But there is a method I have used that I have never seen referred to in print, and a method that has served me many a good turn when desiring to know the exact age of some fine specimen on the lawn of some place, when even the owner would declare he had forgotten when the tree was planted. It may be an evergreen with the branches growing close to the ground. The same principle I have referred to, of a strong branch pushing just below the terminal bud, and making a strong branch the next year, applies also to the lateral branches — indeed even more so, as very often the strong buds are the only ones that make a lateral during one season's growth. By counting the sections back- ward, 1 found the tree 25 years old, which I hap- pened to know was its exact age. The height also is 25 feet, as I know by my shadow. I select a time when my shadow is exactly my height, and the tree's shadow will, of course, be the tree's exact height also. Deciduous trees, equally with evergreens, have the strongest buds just beneath the apex of the annual growth, making stronger branchlets next year, by which the annual series may be determined ; but as these leave no scars when they die away, it require! a practiced eve to determine where branch- lets have been. But if a horizontal branch be in vigorous growth, the length of the last annual growth may be compared with the whole growth by a an figure obtained between what we ascertain to he a good growth in youth, and the young growth before us. This, of course, is not an exact result, hut one will be surprised to find, by the annual rings, how near it approximates. Again, the age of many trees may be approxi- mated by the rough bark. Old botanical text-books taught that the rifts in trees were mechanical. The bark split because the trees were pushing out. I believe it was left to me originally to show that this is an error. Every tree has its own distinct method of disrupting its bark, which could not be the case if the splitting were merely mechanical. The truth is, the splitting of bark arises from the growth of cork cells, and in each species these cells have a separate specific development, and usually at a specific age, In the Sweet Chestnut the bark commences to rift whin 25 years of age, so that all above the junction of smooth and rough bark will be 25 years. I believe the Chestnut retains its smooth bark longer than any of those which eventually become rough. Some trees, like the Beech, never get rough, because the development of the cork cells begins and ends in a single year, and the bark exfoliates in the form of athin film. These kinds always have thin bark. In these and other ways the practical man con- firms the concentric ring theory, and is able to 324 THE UAH I) EXE US' CHE OKI CLE. [March 15, 1890. assert, with considerable assurance, that the annual rings do mark the age of the tree. I have found, when beaten out by these positive facts, that those who dispute them generally fly to other climes. They do not, they say, behave so in equatorial regions. They may or may not. I find people know so little of what happens in unfamiliar countries, that their failure to know about what is actually before them makes the assertion not worth an argument. Thomas Median, Germantown Nurseries, Philadelphia. THE DECIDUOUS CYPRESS. Our illustrations are taken from a tree at Sion of this elegant and remarkable species. The height of the largest specimen, shown in the photograph by Messrs. Byrne, of Richmond, is, we are told by Mr. Wythes, about 00 feet, so that it is not far short of the size attained by the tree in Florida. As it is perfectly hardy, and very distinct, it is a tree that may be planted in wet soils with great advantage. Even in the young state, its delicate foliage and elegant habit are very striking, and form delightful contrasts with trees of more massive contour and darker coloration. In nature it grows on the borders of rivers subject to periodic inundations, and at Sion it is planted in boggy soil near the edge of the lake. The trunk is stately, the foliage elegant and feathery, and, which is unusual among Coni- fers, deciduous, whence our American friends speak of the tree as the bald Cypress. In autumn the leaves turn of a reddish yellow colour, and not only are the leaves shed, but also many of the younger twigs, so that a natural process of pruning takes place. The beauty of the tree is spoken of in enthu- siastic terms by travellers, while in other cases, the effect produced by the grey Tillandsia hanging in beard-like wisps from the branches of the trees, is weird and uncanny. Bartram, in his Travels through Carolina, gives the following description of the tree : — "It gene- rally grows in the water, or on low flat lands near the banks of great rivers and lakes, that are covered a great part of the year with 2 or 3 feet depth of water, and that part of the trunk which is subject to be under water, and 4 or 5 feet higher up, is greatly enlarged by prodigious buttresses or pilasters, which, in full grown trees, project on every Bide to such a distance, that several men might easily hide themselves in the hollows between. Each pilaster terminates under ground in a very large strong serpentine root, which strikes off and branches every way just under the surface of the earth ; and from these roots grow woody cones, called Cypress knees, 4 to 5 and 6 feet high, and from (3 to 18 inches or 2 feet in diameter at their bases. The larger ones are hollow, and serve very well for beehives. A small space of the tree itself is hollow, nearly as high as the buttresses already mentioned. From this place the tree, as it were, takes another beginning, forming a great straight column 80 to 00 feet high, when it divides every way around into an extensive flat, horizontal top, like an umbrella, where eagles have their secure nests, and cranes and storks their temporary resting-places ; and what adds to the magnificence of their appearance is the streamers of long moss (Tillandsia usneoides), that hang from the lofty limbs and float in the winds." Mr. Montefiore recently published in Murray's Magazine an account of one of the typical features of a Cypress swamp : — " It forms one of the most desolate scenes I have ever beheld. I have gazed on the black rocks of St. Paul's, standing almost alone in the Indian Ocean ; upon the repellent rufous hills of St. Helena ; the salt marshes of the delta of the Godavery ; the cruel solitude of Cape Agulhas — but I do not think I have ever seen anything so dismal, so desolate, as the Cypress swamps of Florida. You enter them almost without warning ; you hold your breath, as it were, while going through them, and the feeling of relief on leaving them is only less strong than the strangely morbid attraction they have for you, and which makes you visit them again and again. The white- barked Cvpresses stand overhead, reaching to a great height, and spreading their limbs widely round, and yet there is not a leaf, not a single green leaf to be seen. From bough and branch and twig there hang long tails and festoons of Spanish moss, an air-fed plant, grey in colour, and looking for all the world like the dishevelled tresses of an aged woman. Everywhere you look, these sad grey hairs are either hanging listlessly, or swaying mournfully in the breeze. The water which is often 4 or 5 feet deep, even in the paths, if paths they can be called, which are selected by your guide, is coloured a dark reddish- brown by the quantity of tannin exhaled by the spongy mass of vegetation which everywhere under- lies it. As you ride slowly through this dismal scene in Indian file, as the horse slowly forges ahead, the water washes up to your stirrups, and a sharp eye has to be kept unless, by a momentary depar- ture from the narrow track you cannot see, you are to get a ducking. This dark, muddy water, silent and motionless, save where your party is churning it into something like frothy beer, is made even more dismal by its perfect reflections of the ghostly desolation overhead. It reproduces with startling vividness the long white trunks of the Cypress trees, and the tangled grey hairs of the Spanish moss. Now and again the harsh piping cry of some lonely water bird accentuates the stillness ; here and there the deadly mocassin coils about the spreading roots, black and grimy with the stagnant water, and adds by its very movement to the uncanny, the desperate desolation of it all. Such is a Cypress swamp in Florida.'' The "knees" above mentioned are abundantly produced at Sion, as shown in figs. 40 and .50, to the annoyance of the mowers, but they have not as yet attained the large dimensions mentioned by American travellers. In our museums, however, are specimens showing the very large size which these growths attain. It might be supposed that these knees were abortive shoots, but no bud or shoot of any kind has been observed proceeding from them. In Cryptomeria japonica and in Sequoia semper- virens we have seen similiar outgrowths from the root, but on a very much smaller scale, and these were provided with leaf-bearing shoots. In the columns of our excellent American contem- porary Garden and Forest, a discussion has of late been going on with reference to the use and purport of these productions. Dr. R. H. Lamborn contends that their function is to stiffen and strengthen the root, in order that a great tree may anchor itself safely in a yielding material. " When in a hurricane the great tree rocks back and forth on its base, and with its immense leverage pulls upon this odd-shaped wooden anchor instead of straightening out in the soft material as an ordi- nary root might ; thus allowing the tree to lean over, and add its weight to the destructive force of the storm, it grips the sand as the bower anchor would do, and resists every motion No knees are developed when the tree grows in upland upon a, firm bottom, in which ordinary simple roots can obtain in the ordinary way the hold necessary to resist overturning forces." In support of this opinion, Dr. Lamborn cites the authority of Elliot and Newberry, to the effect that the tree does really resist the violence of hurricanes to so extraordinary a degree, that the overthrow of a living tree must be at least of very rare occurrence. Professor Shaler, however, considers that the func- tion of the knees is to supply air to the roots, other- wise cut off by the water which covers them during a considerable portion of the year from all connec- tion with the atmosphere. The largest trees are found in spots which are never dry, so that it becomes a question how the seed is to germinate in perhaps several feet of water. As a matter of fact, seedlings are only found on the margins of swamps in comparatively dry ground. The wood of the deciduous Cypress is light and soft, but largely used for constructional purposes. Those who prefer popular names may take their choice between bald Cypress, black Cypress, red Cypress, white Cypress, and deciduous Cypress. The closely allied Mexican species, T. mexicanum, attains still larger dimensions, but this species is not in cultivation [in this country as far as we know. The Taxodiums were once widely distributed throughout Europe and North America, as their remains in miocene times show. The access of the glacial period destroyed them, so that now they only occur in the Southern States, with one closely allied species in China, aud these being, as supposed, out of the reach of the great ice influx, have survived to this dav. Cultural Memoranda. NICOTIANA AFFINIS. Usually this plant is raised from seed sown at this season of the year for growing in pots, borders, beds, &c. As a plant for early flowering it is neglected, although admired in summer and autumn for its sweet flowers. For this purpose, make a sowing in the middle of the month of September ; prick off the seedlings when fit to handle, potting them singly when a few inches high, and keep in a cool frame until frost renders a more secure place desirable. My plants, put on to a shelf in the greenhouse, See., in a short time began to throw up flower-stalks, and these plants, with an occasional watering with manure-water, have been flowering well from the first week of February. The blooms last much longer than in warm weather, and keep well open during the day ; their perfume is, however, not so sweet as in the summer months, but this species of Nicotiana is still worth a trial as a spring flower. The foliage keeps strong and healthy, and it is free from insect attacks. Verbenas. Some years ago the Verbena was extensively grown in beds and pots, and numerous varieties were then to be found in trade lists, and of these Purple King, Crimson King, and White Queen were chiefly grown ; for filling beds these three seemingly having stronger constitutions than most of the others. Mildew never did much damage to these, although, in some gardens in East Anglia, where I then re- sided, this disease was a reason that these plants became unpopular. The beds selected to plant with Verbenas were deeply dug, and well manured every year. Much of the old soil was also replenished with fresh loam, woodashes, &c , together with a liberal application of soot, all of which were made moderately firm. The plants grew strongly with that dark green colour in the leaves so much ad- mired, and flowered well till very late in the season. Propagation was done chiefly in the autumn from the tips of unbloomed shoots, which were put to the number of twenty in a 6-inch pot, and placed in a Melon-frame from which the crop had been cut. There was no coddling of the plants practised, but they were grown as hardily as possible without exposing them to frost. There was, however, a good deal of trouble in keeping the plants in winter, and this led many gardeners to rear the plants from seed ; these, however, do not produce plants of one colour or habit — still they make fine beds, and are robust and free-flowering. Seed should now be Bown in frames or boxes, and if a little bottom-heat can be afforded them till the plants get nicely established, they will make nice plants, afterwards inuring them to outdoor treatment. H. M. Phlox Drcmmondi. For transplanting in the last week in May, seeds of this pretty and useful flowering plant may now be sown, it being essential to have good branching sturdy plants to sow early. The grandiflora type has much bolder blooms ; but the old varieties are not to be despised. Sow the seed in pans on a soil that is somewhat light and sandy, pressing the soil firmly before scattering the seed evenly on the sur- face, and cover the seed over with soil just sufficient to hide it, pressing it down smooth with a clean pot. Water the pans gently and sprinkle a little dry sand over the tops. The pans should be placed in a March 15, 1890.] TEE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 325 warmth of 60°, till the plants have made some pro- gress, when they may be pricked off either into boxes or a frame, and affording them a slight bottom-heat. When the plants attain the height of 6 inches, the points should be pinched out, and in May the plants should be gradually hardened off prior to planting in the beds. The colours may be kept separate in the beds, or mixed to suit fancy, and the growth must be regulated and pegged out to produce the best effects. H. Markham. Bektoloxias. The members of this genus are valued for their beautiful foliage, and are of easy culture, providing the gardener has a stove, and in which there is a place in it adapted to their growth. Perhaps the most handsome of all is B. Van which is the easiest and readiest way. A few leaves may be employed for this purpose in spring and autumn, the plants raised taking the places of older ones, which in time become shabby. The leaves may be nearly matured, and should be placed upon pans of very sandy peaty soil, with good drainage beneath, the petioles being inserted in the compost, and the leaves cut along the midrib in one or two places and pegged down to the surface. A bottom- heat of from 89° to 85°, with a bell-glass over the pan, or a place in the propagating case, are neces- saries for success in striking the plants. When the young plants can be handled, they may be taken off with the attached portion of the leaf and pricked off singly into pots of sandy soil, keeping them in a close case, and syringing them once or twice a day until they are established. A 4-inch pot is quite Fia. 40. — taxodiim DigTicHUii in wiMKit, SHOWura riiK "knew": sion. (see p, 324.) Houtteana, which has ovate-lanceolate leaves about 4 inches broad at the widest part, and between 7 and 8 inches long, the ground colour of a rich olive- green, the principal veins of a bright magenta, the leaf being dotted all over minutely with the same colour, and from each of these dots arises a hair, and the petioles are likewise furnished with glandular hairs. The height of the full grown plant is 5 to 6 inches. It does best when kept in a shady part of the stove and under a bell-glass, as a protection against variations in the temperature, which cause the leaves to lose their remarkable lustre. Berto- lonia marmorata and some others of similar charac- teristics are not nearly so tender as the one above mentioned, and are able to thrive unprotected by a glass. It should have ample drainage, and a com- post of fibrous peat, sand, and some finely broken crocks mixed together. This is a good example of a plant that may be propagated from the leaves, and large enough for a well-grown specimen, and in this way the leaves are developed better than when two or three are crowded together into a pan. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Ca ' ALSTRIKMERIAS. It is difficult to understand why ceitain hardy plants of merit are all but absent from gardens, whilst others of less value decoratively, quickly obtain popular favour, and find their way readily into every garden. The more hardy Alstrtemerias are some of the most beautiful but neglected of flowers ; happily, however, we have of late years rarely seen collections of twelve or twenty-four bunches of cut blooms of hardy herbaceous plants, with the 1st prize attached, wherein Alstrtcmeria aurea or A. aurantiaca (considered by some, but we believe improperly, synonyms) have not been con- spicuous. There are some five distinct hardy species which are very easily managed. A warm sunny aspect should at all times be chosen for them, and, owing to the peculiar formation of the tubers, a deeply prepared and well enriched soil, with the qualification that it be light, and not of a stiff nature. Even though such a situation as suggested above is the best, it may nevertheless be remarked that A. aurea, if planted in a cool moist situation, will give a succession of bloom after those planted in drier soil have passed their best. Indeed, in gardens of limited extent, where the soil is of a somewhat reten- tive nature, this species may be relied on to succeed fairly well. It may be well to add that the long fascicled roots, which strike deep, are not aided after planting by forking between the plants, hence it is the more imperative, if robust growth is to be ensured for a few years, to well prepare the soil previous to plant- ing. Their peculiarly formed roots make the plant more liable than are roots generally, to injury by excessive winter rains, for which reason it is advis- able to thatch the bed with straw, giving it a slope to shoot off the water, taking it away in February, and replacing it with a mulch of rotten farmyard manure. As the plants do little towards shading the ground, it is necessary that all who would succeed with these plants in a warm dry season should give die roots one or two thorough waterings. The young shoots and foliage are subject to be eaten by slugs, but no insect pests in this country do any harm to the plant. It is necessary, therefore, and especially in old gardens abounding in these destructors, to be constantly on the watch for slugs, l'lant the tubers from 8 to 10 inches below the surface. Certain species are not so hardy as others, and must either be grown in pots, for which purpose their long roots lender them unsuitable, or in pits or frames. I therefore give the names of such as are suited for outdoor culture only, and those suit- able for conservatory or pit separately. Hardy border species comprise A. aurea, A. aurantiaca, A. brazili- ensis, A. chilensis (and its sub-varieties), charming dwarf forms; and the crimson or parrot-like A. psittacina. Tenderer species consist of A. luumantha, A. 1'eregrina alba (Lucas Lily), A. oculata, A. peruviana (in variety), A. Ilookeri, A. Bulphurea tigrina, A. tricolor, and A. violacea — to say nothing of Van lloutte's hybrids, obtained from Dr. Hooker's species and A. hiemantha. Finally, all who cultivate them in pots should choose the deepest form of bulb pot. Carefully keep the plantain full sunshine, else robust growth and good bloom are not probable results, William Entity, Itford. The Apiary. SELF-HIVING ARRANGEMENTS. It seema very early to be talking about swarms, but though the weather is bitterly cold at the time we write, it will pass away like everything else, and warm weather and the singing of birds will suc- ceed. It commonly happens that ordinary mortals are too much occupied in these days with business matters to look after swarms, and if any contrivance can be secured which will prevent this waste of time, it is of great value. Two persons have come to the front with appli- ances for preventing swarms flying away, though unwatched, and for compelling the bees to hive themselves. One of these is the great queen-rearer, Mr. Alley, of America ; while the other hails from Lancashire. Mr. Alley takes two drone-traps, and puts one in front of a hive which is about to swarm, and the other in front of an empty hive prepared for a swarm. He connects the two drone-traps by a small, perforated, circular tunnel. The hives are placed side by side. When the bees issue there is S26 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15. 1890. -nothing for them to do but go through the tunnel prepared for them into the other hive. We see only one thing which may cause failure, but that is rather serious. It is well known that bees issue in im- mense numbers, and possibly the tunnel might bo blocked, and a large number of bees— with, perhaps, the queen— would be suffocated. This would be fatal to success, although Mr. Alley expects no such catastrophe. He of Lancashire acts rather differently. He places the empty hive opposite the hive expected to swarm, with entrance of one opposite entrance of other. He then places a very much larger and wider tunnel than Mr. Alley's between the two hives, and leaves the bees to their own devices. As the tunnel is so much larger than Mr. Alley's, and there is nothing to hinder the straight flight of the bees, there is much less chance of failure. In the American contrivance the bees have to turn at once to the left or the right when they leave the hive. Now it is well known that when bees swarm they rush out in a straight line, and therefore Mr. Alley's seem to lack the first elements of success. II we valued our swarms at all we should not like to trust them to Mr. Alley's contrivance, but we see no reason why the English method should not be a success. It is, at any rate, ■well worth a trial, except you have time to watch your bees al! day long. See. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. ODONTOGLOSSUM MAXILLARE. A Mexican Highland species, requiring, says M. Linden, for its cultivation a cool, well-ventilated greenhouse, with relatively little moisture during the resting period. The flowers are star-shaped, with a lanceolate whitish segment, each with a purplish blotch at the base. The lip has a broad yellow stalk, streaked with red, whilst the blade is ovate-acuminate. Lindenia, t. 209. AiJRIDES AUGUSTIANDM. A coloured figure of this species is given in the Lindenia, t. 210. CATTLEYA MAXIMA VAB. MaLOUANA. A variety, remarkable for the deep purplish rosy colour of its segments. Only one plant is at present fcnown— that in the collection of M. Waroeque. Lindenia, t. 211. IiODRIOUEZIA REFEACTA. Flowers flushed with rose, sprinkled with purplish dots. Lindenia, t. 212. ZVOOPETALUM INTERMEDIUM is very like Z. Mackaii, but has a more rounded lip, deeply bilobed and pubescent, and with a less deeply lobed callus. The plant requires to be grown in a warm stove as near the glass as possible, but pro- tected from the direct rays of the sun. As the plant is almost always in growth, the roots should be kept moist. Lindenia, t. 21G. Odontoqlossum Rossi. A correspondent kindly forwards an interesting flower, in which there are two additional lips, repre- senting the two stamens of the outer series (a 2, a 3), which are usually suppressed. Traces of the third stamen (a 3) of the inner row are also present. HOULLETIA BrOCBXEHURSTIANA. This remarkable and handsome species should, according to M. Linden, be grown in a well drained pot, filled with sphagnum with lumps of peat and crocks, and placed in a cool and well ventilated house. During growth, abundance of moisture should be supplied. Lindenia, t. 2U. DeNDROUIUM MlRBELIANUM. Although described sixty years ago, this species has not been introduced into gardens till recently, when it was imported from New Guinea by one of the collectors of the Horticulture Internationale. The segments are narrow, acute, greenish-yellow, streaked with green lines. The petals are similarly marked, but are much longer; the lip is three-lobed, the lateral lobes rounded, erect; the anterior lobe ovate acute, similar to but lighter in colour than the other segments, and with three keels. Odontoglosscm hastilaeium grows, says M. Linden, generally upon trees in the shade, and in spots exposed to constant evaporation. It is a plant requiring abundance of moisture and a temperature of 10° to 15° C. The young growths should never be syringed ; the flowers are large, flat, star-shaped, with a yellow lanceolate segments, transversely barred with red, and with an ovate acute white lip flushed with rose. Lindenia , t. 213. CaTTLEYA LAUIATA VAB. RoCHELI.ENSIS. This is botanically a form of Cattleya labiata of the Warscewiczii group, and is remarkable for its flowers, which, with the exception of a yellow blotch in the throat, are pure white. The only plant known is in the collection of Mr. F. L. Ames, of North Easton, Mass. A very fine illustration of a noble variety is given in Eeiohenbaehia, t. 85. Odontoglosscm triumphans. A cool Orchid, of great beauty and value, as flowering in winter. Reichenbahia, t. 86. Phal.i:xopsis castjea X . A supposed hybrid between P. Schilleriana, of which it has the ieaves, and P. aphrodite ( = amabilis, Lindley), of which it has the flowers. Bekhenbachia, t. 87. " ' OSCIDIUM TIGR1NCM produces its large branching racemes of bright yellow and tigery- blotched flowers at the dullest season of the year, when they are much needed, that is from the latter end of autumn to New Year's Day. Mr. Sander recommends culture in baskets for this species, of which a fine figure is given in Iieichenbachia, The old specimens of Auricula may be grown oa for several years; but there comes a time when the vigour of the plants declines; the stem decays from base upwards, and fewer fibres and weaker trusses are produced ; and if stock is wanted, these plants should be cut over at the ground level, and the crowus put into small pots of sandy soil, nursing them until a crop of offsets is produced. The offsets propagated in summer and autumn, and wintered in thumbs, may be repotted during March. These will push new roots in quantity into the fresh soil, and by careful culture they will make excellent plants, which will flower the following year. "How often may the plants be watered?'' may be asked by gardeners and amateurs. The reply usually given, ,: When they need it," is too vague, and yet there is no other that can be given. The Auricula does not require large supplies of water at any time, and the soil should be dry before water is applied. Those who give water to the Auricula plants before it is needed cannot expect to b? successful. The hand-glasses put over unrooted offsets should still be kept closed, but care must be taken not to let the offsets damp off; and it is, therefore, well to examine the plants frequently, and wipe off the moisture which condenses ou the glass, J. Doiuilat. Florists' Flowers. THE AURICULA. These lines were penned in the last days of February; it was then bitterly cold. An enthusiastic amateur wrote me more than a month before about the forwardness of his plants, stating that they were never so forward as then. Of course he had in his mind the National Auricula Society's show, which is fixed for April 22, and wondered if he would have plants in bloom when the show day came. I hinted to him that it was best to admit air to the plants in abundance, by removing the lights altogether in fine weather, and tilting them whenever there was no frost; the plants, which have been freely exposed to the weather, will be the better able to withstand the low degree of cold we may yet experience. Many growers have only a cold frame for their plants, and this should be double matted, the mats hanging well over the sides and ends of the frame. In any ease, the trusses must not get frozen, and therefore single mats are not safe till the month of March is past. The main portion of our collection is now in a house which may be heated, and no more heat is ever used than will just keep out the frost. Selfs and alpines are not injured by frost as are the green and grey-edged flowers. Trusses are not showing above the leaves vet, and we should take care to keep the plants cool and well ventilated. Another season's experience has brought conviction to my mind, that the usual spring dressing of some rich compost is not only unnecessary, but may some- times be hurtful to tender plants. February and March are perhaps the best months in which to remove the offsets, and there is scarcely a failure when the potting is carefully done, and the plants placed under hamllights. . These offsets soon get established, and 3 Tver well in the following season. Plants and Tkeir Culture. Stove Plants. — The operations of re- potting and dressing should now be completed, the inmates suitably arranged, the glass and woodwork cleaned, and fresh material used for the beds and stages — a point that is sometimes neglected. Cocoa-fibre refuse, fine gravel, or Derbyshire spar is of benefit to the plants when these stand over or near hot-water pipes. The temperature should be slightly increased, and should now range from Go0 by night to 75° and 80° by day, allowing a few degrees' higher day tem- perature in bright weather. Not much air should be given, so as to assist the plants to make root and top growth. The house must be kept moist, and this will check the spread of insects, syringing several times daily the floor and walls of the house. The blinds should now be fixed up. The early potted Allamandas, Clerodendrons, and Bougainvilleas should be growing freely; also the Allamandas and Bougainvilleas should now get all the light and sun, but keeping the shoots clear of the glass. Another lot of these plants should be started, to succeed the earlier ones. Dipladenias, if re-potted early, will be growing freely. These plants are difficult to keep in a healthy condition if overwatered. The shoots should be trained to string put up close to the roof, and only slightly shaded when the sun is very bright. If any re-potting is required at this date, the plants should be plunged afterwards in mild bottom-heat. Ixoras that were started early in the season will take water freely, aud sometimes a good fertiliser as the pots fill with roots, syringing them freely, and pinching the shoots when new growths unduly take the lead. Young plants may be re- po'ted, using for the purpose the best ppat, and in good-sized pieces, a small quantity of charcoal, and coarse silver-sand, shading iheni until they begin to grow. A few plants of Gardenias may be placed in a cool house, to furnish late flowers. The flowers are im- proved in size and substance by liquid manure being often supplied to the plants. The house in which they stand should be kept thoroughly moist. A small pit or frame suits them if more warmth can be given them than the stove affords. Young plants produce the finest blooms, and it is best to strike cuttings every year in January or February. The cuttings should be strong ones, and be grown with- out check. The older or one-year old cutbacks are useful for planting out, if a pit can be afforded them. Vincas are useful when they are well grown, and require to be frequently stopped to keep the plants in good form, growing them at the cooler part of the stove. Shrubby growing Clerodendrons should be well cut back, and started into growth shortly afterwards. Pinching of the shoots is also required by these plants and for the same end. Epiphyllums should get a place on a shelf at the back of the stove. We never shade these plants during growth. The early sowing of Torenias will be ready to pot off, and should not be allowed to make weakly growth. Mabch 15, 1890.] THE G ABBE NE B 8 ' CHBO XI CLE. 327 Another sowing of these trailers should be made, likewise of Aphelandra aurantiaca Koezlii, a useful winter bloomer, whose scarlet flowers are generally admired. The main supply of Achimenes should now be started in boxes or pans ; the plants being put into their blooming pans and baskets when they reach 2 inches high. Plenty of heat and moisture are necessary in the early stages. A few tubers may be kept for very late work, to be started in a few weeks hence. G. Wytltes, Sinn, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. East-Indian House. — The Phalamopsis should not be allowed to flower for too long a time, but should be cut and placed in tubes near the plants, or put into vases of cut bloom. Should late spikes push from P. amabilis, grandiflora, Sanderiana gloriosa, or Schilleriana, that have flowered much during the season, they should be at once removed. Growers of Orchids near London affirm that it is easy to grow Phalainopsis in the country, and forget that the fogs which they surfer from save the plants in many cases from being killed by over- flowering. One month is long enough for any of these plants to remain in flower. The above PhaUenopsis as they go out of flower should have all the old materials removed from the pot or basket, the roots rinsed in tepid rain-water, to remove every particle of decaying matter, and the whole packing material should be made good, clean potsherds, a few nodules of fresh char- coal, and sphagnum placed on the surface, and this last should not be in excess, as much sphagnum keeps the plants wet for too long a time, and it is much better to have less materials about the plants, and supply the plants with rain-water at frequent intervals. As the days lengthen more moisture will be necessary, as many of the occupants of this house will be in active growth. Attend carefully to the shading of the Phalanopsis. The temperature may still remain at 2° at night will be sufficient, and if tins can be maintained by the hot- water pipes, with a small amount of ventilation, it will be better for the plants. A. 6. Cat/, 1' The Flower Garden. I'ii king .nil Training. — The pruning and train- ing of climbers, Roses, &c, on walls, should be brought to a close, as, in many cases, from their position, growth has commenced. Cut out only the old and weak shoots of Tea Hoses, laying in the best placed of the more vigorous shoots, removing only the unripe tips of these. Magnolias require to be gone over carefully, and nil shoots made secure to the trellis or wall ; for the foliage l"-itiL' large, the winds have great power over tb i- n i. Chi i ii on an thus fragrans and Jasminum nudi- Borum have finished flowerinsr, and should be spurred in, training out the leading shoots if there ia room to extend. Wistarias, Loniceras, Jasmines, Passion-flowers. &c, should all now be spurred in, and all fastenings examined and made secure. Those Clematis generally the early kinds — that Bower on the r ijn-m .i growth, should only have [heir dead wood cut away; but the later-flowering Jackmani type of Clematis, which flowers on the new growth, may be cut back more freely, with a view to producing plenty of young and strong growth, D. C. Powell, Powderham, Dn-.a. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Fbuit trees have been beneficially checked by- frosts of 15°, i"°, 17 D, and 25° coming in succession. Sharp morning frosts will continue to be expe- rienced all over the country for some time yet, and all material for protecting blossom must be got ready for use. In the next fortnight wall trees will make great progress, and thick coverings prema- turely put up must be avoided, as this would only- render them more liable to injury — a few degrees of frost does less harm. Planting. — If any of this is still in arrear, the next fortnight should see the end of it generally ; but such late planting is very hurtful to trees above the size of maidens. The latter will frequently thrive as well, if moved carefully about this time, as when transplanted in the autumn. Remem- bering the bad effects of exposing the roots of trees to dry air at this date, the trees should not lay about unprotected, but be heeled-in until planted. Trees sent in from nurseries should have moist materials put round about their roots, but if the ground is in a saturated state, a few shovelfuls of soil from under cover should be thoroughly worked and pressed firmly about the roots. If the soil is adhesive, the planting had better be deferred until it is drier. Planting late means more attention in watering, if the spring and early summer months should prove to be dry. Syringing overhead during sunny weather is beneficial, as it prevents shrivel- ling of the wood. Strawberriel autumn planted should be examined, and the plants made firm by treading the soil about them when the latter is drv. All vacancies should be made good. The old leaves which retain their green colour should not be trimmed off, as they form shelter for the new crowns and aid in the formation of surface roots. The first early forced plants should be saved for planting out for autumn fruiting, and must be placed in a cold frame as soon as the fruit is gathered, being gradually hardened off from that time. Vicomteaae Hericart du Thury, Laxton's Noble, Keen's Seedling, and La liros Snores do well in this way. Where plenty of long manure is at command, the present is a good time to apply it to the bed. A. I'.i.ins, II fi ,;,ere. Fruits Under Glass. ition. Under such circumstances as prevail in March, it is better to allow the temperature on days when the sun shines brightly to run up beyond the maximum, than to admit much of the keen air from without, which is certain to cause a sudden and in- jurious extraction of moisture from the air of the house, and resulting in drooping foliage and general distress. In a few cases, such as of plants newly potted, rootless Pine-suckers, young Melons, and Cncnmbers, it may be advisable to give a very slight thin shade over them foi an hour before and after noon ; but all foliage should be inured to stand the sun as speedily as is consistent with safety. Plants that have hitherto received night ventilation will possess foliage capable of withstanding the treatment advised. /'•■■ The forwardest fruiters under increased temperature will soon show signs of ripening, and may be urged forward by shutting up early. As soon as colouring has commenced, gradually withhold water at the roots. Those l'ines that are grown in pots have advantages at this stage over those planted out, besides, in these davs of express speed, space is likewise economised. Less forward fruiters will be assisted by applications of warm liquid manure made of guano, soot, or sheep's dung, varied with occa- sional sprinklings of some sort of artificial manure. Plants that were moved alciut to prevent injury from a too strong bottom-heat may now have the tan pressed closely round the sides of the pot, the heat having probably subsided to a safe point. With successional plants maintain considerable moisture in the air to assist the foliage. Nothing is more inju- rious to Pine-apples than excessively warm pipes and bright sun acting together, such a state of things creating a parching air that ia most trying to them. Kvery time that, watering becomes neces- sary, give a handful of Peruvian guano to a 4 gal. can of warm water, and let it settle before decanting it for use. Rootless suckers potted in February into 8-inch pots will require but little water — compara- tively ; as if once over-watered, and the soil soured thereby, progress is very slow afterwards ; it is, therefore, necessary to turn a sucker out of the pot now and then, and see what the soil is like. Any suckers growing on old stools, as soon as they have reached a good size, to be detached and potted. The Vineries. — Growth will now be active, and where the trellis is fairly covered with foliage, the sub-laterais, with the exception of two, more or less, according to space, should be pinched clean out. Train in new canes where practicable, with a view to fruiting next year. Such canes will give lanky branches; but if Vines have all, or nearly all, their growth spurred close back every year they will decline in health, hence the necessity for some mode- rate amount of extension. Extension training cer- tainly suits the Muscat of Alexandria, Madresfield Court, and other Grapes. Pot-vines and early started Black Hamburgh will soon show colour in the berries, and this brings forcing to an end, as time is a very necessary factor to good colouring, atmospheric moisture being also gradually withdrawn, and clear water supplied, manures given at this stage being adverse to perfect colouring. Keep a little top air on at night, and a pleasant warmth in the heating apparatus. Follow up the disbudding of mid-season Vines ; push on the temperature daily where bunches are showing, which will add length and size to the bunches ; thin out laterals rather more severely, and aim at securing foliage of good size and substance. Atmospheric moisture must not be carried to excess, otherwise air-roots and warty excrescences on the under-sides of the leaves will follow. Late Vines which had unripe wood, and which is always subject to bleeding, should have small Potatos stuck on to the ends of bleeding shoots. This is a good remedy. If any planting is in con- templation, the cutbacks for this purpose should be retarded for as long a time as possible, to be after- wards laid but on rafts or hamper lids, and covered with fine earth, till the borders are ready for them in May. W. Crump, Madresfield Court, Malvern, The Kitchen Garden. Asparagus Bids, — These having been properly cleaned of weeds, and mulched with farmyaid manure in the autumn, should now be pricked over lightly and raked with a wooden rake, leaving plenty of short dung on the beds. If the soil is light, give it a dressing of salt or fish guano, which, besides acting as fertilisers, serve to keep the beds free of weeds, &c. In the case of new plantations, if the soil for the beds has not yet been prepared, no time should now be lost in getting it in readiness. The best time to transplant the roots will be found to be just as growth commences, which is usually at the beginning of the month of April. If the plants are to be raised from seed, drop the seed in threes at a distance of 15 inches apart. If very fine heads are wanted, the best results will accrue if 2 feet from plant to plant be allowed ; and, should the soil be wet, do not sow until it is drier. Sow in drills thicker if for transplanting another year. Peas. — Those sown in pots may, if hardened off, be transferred to trenches, choosing mild weather for the work. Shelter the plants with evergreen twigs, and draw a little earth up to them. The stakes may be put to the rows if they are in readiness. Ascer- tain if l'eas sown outside in February have perished or suffered in any way ; another sowing of the early Peas should at once be made if loss has been incurred. The seed may from now, and onwards be sown more thinly, especially of strong branching varieties. Lettuce beds on warm borders should have the gaps in them made good from the seed-beds. Trample round plants which may be loosened by frost, and use the Dutch hoe between the rows. A bed should now be planted of plants wintered in frames to follow up these Lettuces, selecting for its site a warm aspect ; these should be taken up and planted with the trowel. Let the soil be made firm by treading before planting, and plant generally at about 1 foot apart. Sow seed out-of-doors, and sow at fort- nightly intervals, or according to the demand. Radishes. — Early Wood Frame should now be sown on ground in good heart, covering the bed until the plants appear with light litter, but raking it off directly the seed germinates, Small sowings of Cauliflower, Brussel Sprouts, and Savoys, may be made. Spinach beds may be hoed iu dry weather, also Cabbage and winter Onions, H, Markham, Mercworth Castle, Maidstone, 328 THE GA i? D E NE 7? 8 ' CHRO NI GL E. [March 15, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only op the papeb, and sent as early in the week as possible. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, fya., are also solicited. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. THURSDAY, MAR. 20— Linneau Society. 8 H O W 3- Mar. 18 TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, Mas, l'.i | M inchest, r Royal Botanic. 1 Richmond, Surrey (two days.) I Preston and Fulwood (two days). (Bath Bulb (two days). SALES. MONDAY, TUESDAY, Mar. 17 17 \ Lilies and Greenhouse Plants, } at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 1 Roses, Palms, &o., at the City Mar. 18< Auction Rooms, by Protheroe & ( Morris. i Roses, Border Plants, Fruit Trees, I Stnub-, ^Plants from Ghent, WEDNESDAY, Mar. 19 J &c, at Stevens Rooms. 1 Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at \ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. /"Orchids in Flower and Bud, at THURSDAY, Mar. 20^ N^ry^StoT'irom Sample, at {_ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. •™™.v -vr „,( Imported and Established Orchids, FRID.U, MAR. -i-j at Prolheroe & Morris' ltooj.s. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 43". It is satisfactorv to those who, Caterpillars and ]ik ourselves 'have for many Fruit Trees. . years past devoted attention to the subject of insect depredators, and to the means of dealing with them, to find at last that public attention is being aroused to the im- portance of the matter. At a meeting recently held at Evesham, the Mayor in the Chair, the subject was discussed at some length. The ways and customs of the caterpillars were described in a letter from Miss Ormerod, as well as the various remedies proposed. Greased bands applied in October are very effectual, but injure the young trees. This injury is avoided by smearing the grease upon paper, or, as Mr. Wilson sug- gested at the Scientific Committee, on canvas, and not directly on the bark itself. Kerosene emulsions in the proportion of one pint of kerosene, half an ounce of soap, and four pints of water, to be used in the form of spray, were also recommended. But the most promising method is that which has been tried for many years in the United States and in Canada, and which, relying on the reports of such men as Professor Riley and Mr. Fletcher, we have earnestly pressed on the attention of our fruit growers for years past, but hitherto without avail. Either from our national slowness in adopting new processes, or from a fear of injury from the arsenical preparations, little or no progress has been made in this country with these valuable remedies ; and yet the proportion used is so small that the risk to human life is too small to deter any person of ordinarily careful habits from making use of them. Spraying with an arsenical solution should be done in the middle of April, when no fear need be entertained from the falling of the arsenic on to bush fruits grown under the Apples, though in the case of vegetables the case is somewhat different. The proportion of Paris green recom- mended is 4 oz. to 40 or 50 gallons of water (four ounces to forty or fifty gallons). In the 40 gallons there would be about 1 oz. of arsenic, and this would be distributed by the spray pump over, say, an acre of leaf-surface. The danger, therefore, is clearly not in the proper use of the arsenic, but in the careless handling of the poison by ignorant or stupid people, a contingency which has always to be provided for. We extract from the Evesham Journal the following letter, showing more explicitly how these arsenical preparations are used : — " To every 50 gallons of water, mix well, and keep well stirred while using 4 oz. of Paris green. For Plums, as they are tender, and as the leaf is glossy, add three tablespoonfuls of fine flour from Wheat to make it stick on the leaves. Get a pan or dish, and make a paste of either or both, with a little water, as it mixes better with a bulk of water, and te9t it. If too weak, use 4 oz. to 40 gallons. If the Paris is a pure article, this will be found enough. Use 4 oz. to 40 gallons of water for Apple and Pear trees. Cherries may be treated the same way. Two dress- ings will, as a rule, be sufficient— 1st, when the blossoms are falling and fruit beginning to form ; 2nd, in twelve to fourteen days. Use your best judgment on this by observation. As soon as blossoms have fallen off, and while fruit is nearly upright, get a force-pump fixed, good, short, and handy, and in a barrel on wheelbarrow or wheels that can be moved handy to any place. Have a rubber hose of 1 inch by 8 feet long, or longer for tall trees ; fix this on a handy pole, so that a man may shower ordinary trees without a ladder, and shower trees where insects are, much the same as a fine watering-pot rose would shower. Test your pump beforehand with clear water to get it to work satisfactorily. A large garden 9yringe may be used, but would take too long. A fine shower is what is wanted. You want two roses or nozzles, one for short and one for long distance. The ordinary pail of water is enough for a large- sized Apple tree. If heavy rain should follow as soon as the poisoned water is showered on trees, you will have to shower again. I have never known fruit to be hurt or any harm done by this, if used properly. The quantity is so small, and the time so long before fruit ripens, that every trace is lost. In an orchard where there are cattle, sheep, &c, it would not be wise to let them graze for a few days after showering the trees with poison. If left for hay, this will not hurt the hay. "As to the time for showering, I propose the morning, when the leaves are dry, or any time when dry, as the sun absorbs the water, and mineral poison settles. If the water is not sunned to near the same heat as the surrounding atmosphere, make a small fire and heat a few bricks before using, and temper the water in a tub, use a thermometer, and heat water to same degree as atmosphere. This is very important. "Paris green is an arsenical poison. To shower when in bloom may do harm, and destroy bees. London purple, or arsenite of lime, is about equal to Paris green, and used the same way. Both are poisons, and should be used carefully. I recommend those that use one to use the other, and test them on separate rows of trees. Paris green or London purple costs here Is. to Is. 3d. per pound. This is the cheapest and most effectual way to destroy thei pests by actual tests. As the young grubs eat a small part of leaf or fruit, a very small particle of this poison will kill, and save a great percentage of the fruit crop. I have used Paris green eight years, London purple two years, on fruit and vegetables." Enoch Haines in Evesham Journal. L.INNEAN SOCIETY.— The Society met on March 6, Mr. Carrcthers, F.R.S., President in the chair. Mr. S. Lithgow was admitted, and Messrs. J. Lane, E. K. Waite, and G. F. Elliott were elected Fel- lows of the Society. Mr. Thomas Christy exhibited a dried specimen of Picramnia antidesma, the plant from the bark of which medicine known as Cascara aniara is believed to be prepared, and which is a use- ful alterative in diseases of the blood and skin. A paper was read by Mr. 1). Morris on the production of seed in certain varieties of Sugar-cane, the Saccarum officinarum. It was pointed out that, although well known as a cultivated plant, the Sugar-cane had nowhere been found wild ; nor had the seed (caryopsis) been figured or described ; it being the generally received opinion that having been propagated en- tirely by slips or cuttings, it had lost the power of producing seed. Spikelets, however, received at Kew, had been carefully examined and the seed found which was now for the first time exhibited by Mr. Morris. He anticipated that by cross-fertilisa- tion and selection of seedlings, the Sugar-cane might be greatly improved, and much importance was attached to the subject, as it opened up a new field of investigation in regard to Sugar-cane cul- tivation. Mr.J.G. Baker and Mr. Christy concurred. A paper was then read by Mr. Spencer Moore on " The true Nature of callus : Part I. The Vegetable Marrow and Ballia callitricha." It was shown that the callus of sieve-tubes of the Vege- table Marrow gives marked proteid reactions, and since it is dissolved in a peptonising fluid, there can be no doubt of it being a true proteid, and not a kind of a starchy mucilage, as is usually supposed. The " stoppers " of Ballia also yield proteid reactions ; but as inasmuch as they resist gastric digestion, the substance cannot be a true proteid, and may, perhaps, be allied to lardacein. Mr. Moore maintained the view of Rcssow, Strassbuhger, and others, that callus is deposited upon the sieve, to be correct in the case of the Vegetable Marrow, since a pep- tonising fluid clears the sieve-plates, and leaves them in their pristine condition, which would not be the case if callus were formed by a swelling up of the sieves. A discussion followed, in which Dr. F. W. Oliver, Dr. D. H. Scott, Professor Reynolds Green, and Mr. George Murray took part. Wildsmith Memorial Fund.— In aid of the above Fund, the following sums have been pro- mised : — The Ht n. Emma L. . Miss Potts ... Sha\ Lefevre ... 5 U I) Miss Markby ... John Hargre&ves, Mr. \V. Binder Esq J.P 5 0 0 Mr. H. J. Clayton W. J. Palmer, Esq , Mr. W.Coleman .LP. 5 5 0 Mr. W. Crump Messrs Sutton & Sous 5 ft n Mr. A. Dean ... Mr. A. W. Sutton ... 3 8 0 Mr. W. C. Davis Messrs J. Veitch & A Frieud, No. 1 Sous 5 0 A Friend, No. 2 Mr. H .T. Veitch ... 1 1 0 Mr. S. Kerry ... Mr. P. C. M. Veitch . 0 10 H Mr. A. Maxim F. B. Marson, Esq , Mr. W. A. Searing J. P. II Mr. T. Turton G. F. Wilson, Esq., Messrs. W. Wood Hon. Secretary, Mr. T. Tckton, Maiden Erleigh Gardens, Reading. Hon. Treasurers, Mr. A. W. Sctton, Reading ; and Mr. H. J. Veitch, Chelsea. Dried Flowers and the Influenza.— From our contemporary, the Chemist and Druggist, we gather the following items : — First, that one of the effects of the recent epidemic has been a consider- able consumption of dried flowers popularly used for infusions, such as Borage, Corn Poppy, Marsh Mallow, Coltsfoot, and Linden tree flowers. The supply in stock, it is said, has run very low, and none Supplement to " The- Gardeners' Chronicle" March !5TH 1890 Taxodium distichumat Syon Mabch 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 329 can be expected before the coming season. Second, that with reference to the supply of camphor, the demand for which has much increased of late, that the mail reports from HoDg-Kong state, that 250 piculs of Formosa camphor had arrived there, and had been shipped to Europe. It is further asserted that the quantity of camphor used in the manufacture of smokeless powder is exceedingly large, and that it enters into the composition of that article to the extent of 10 per cent, of the weight. In consequence of this there are now no old stocks, the manufacturers being compelled to retine the fresh arrivals, thereby losing about 5 per cent, on the weight. " Manual of the Botany of the northern United States." — We announce, with great satis- faction, the publication of the sixth edition of a book which is not only indispensable to botanists, but most serviceable to growers of hardy plants. The original work was constructed by the late Professor Asa Gray, this present edition being revised and extended by -Mr. Sem.no Watsok, Dr. G bay's asso- ciate for many years ; Professor Coulter, and others. All the newer discoveries are included, the Hepatica*: are inserted, and specially the limits are extended westward to the 100th meridian, where it connects with Professor Coclticu's Mora of the Rocky Moun- tains, which in its turn impinges on the flora of Cali- fornia. Many Canadian species are necessarily in- cluded, and the Dominion is otherwise provided for by Mai oun's ( '" '■< ' '" , so that now we have a pretty complete flora of the North American Continent east of the Mississipi and north of Carolina and Tennessee. The number of plates has been increased, and an excellent index provided. Criticism on points of detail might, no doubt, be indulged in if it were worth while, but the botanist will feel much too deeply the value of the work as a whole to trouble about minor points on which difference of opinion might be entertained. Rural Economy. -In February, 1884, Dr. J. H. Giluekt, F.K.S., of the Rothamated Labora- tory, was appointed by the electors of Oxford University to the Sibthorpian Chair of Rural FiCOnomy, the stipend of which is £200 per annum, and is tenable for three years. At the end of. the three years Professor Gilbert was re-appointed for a second term of three years, which he brings to a con- clusion during the present week. This final couise of lectures, which closes on Friday have been on the " Sources of the Fat of the Animal Body," " The Produce and Composition of Milk from Dairy ('own. and "Animal Food and Manure," illustrated chiefly from the investigations at Rothamsted. Buld Show at Haarlem.— From March 21 to 25, inclusive, the large quinquennial show of flowering bulbs and tubers, will be held at Haarlem, especially of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissus, and Amaryllis. The show is under the auspices of the General Union for the Cultivation of Flower Roots, and this year it promises to be a very fine one. It will doubtless be of great interest to foreign amateurs and horticulturists, whose visits will afford great pleasure to the Dutch bulb growers and their Society. British Fruit Growers' Association. — This Association, which is well calculated to do good service in promoting rational fruit culture, is about to appoint local secretaiies in various districts to commission lecturers and demonstrators to visit dif- ferent parts of the country, and to hold various con- ferences during the course of the summer. Mr. Lewis Cabtlb, Ilotham House, Merton, is the Honorary Secretary. GALANTHUS NIVALIS SCHARLOCKI. ■- Mr. Max Leicjiti.in of Baden-Baden, kindly points out a mistake we made in our issue ". March 1, p. 268, in spelling the name of the ■>.. ' " .owdrop. The plant was named by Professor r&TMRY, of Konigs- berg, in honour of the discoverer, Apothecary Schar- loce of Graudenz, and in consequence, it should be Scharlocki and not Shaylocki as we inadvertently put it. The Mayor of Worcester.— On the 5th inst. the foremen and clerks of the firm of Richard Smith & Co., St. John's Nurseries, Worcester, to the number of thirty, were entertained at dinner by Mr. Smith, the senior partner, in commemoration of his mayoralty of the faithful city, this year. The company sat down to an excellent repast, and the evening was pleasantly spent. Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin and Oxford. — The list of seeds for exchange has been issued. The list, especially in the case of Glasnevin, is a very extensive one. Messrs. Sutton and Sons. — The New Zealand mails bring full reports of this exhibition, which bids fair to be a great success. "The largest exhibitors," says the Otago Daily Times of January 1, " in the British section are Messrs. Sutton & Sons, of Beading and London, whose display was agricul- tural as well as horticultural, and included vege- tables, grasses, flower seeds, and models of pulse, roots, &c , executed with great fidelity. The exhibit includes also a number of cabinets of seeds arranged for educational purposes." Dutch Horticultural Society.— At the meeting of the Floral Committee of this Society on February 12, Messrs. E. H. Krelaue & Son, Haar- lem, sent a Narcissus tazetta Grand Emperor, but it not b. ing considered an acquisition, a vote of thanks only was awarded them, a similar acknowledgmi at being made for a collection of bulb and tuberous plants. A commendation was made to the same firm for a collection of cut flowers of different varie- ties of Hellebores, and for II. Bocconi superbus. A fine Iris Bornmulleri, shown by the same firm, obtained a Second-class Certificate. First-class Certificates went to Mr. K. Zaadnoordhk, at l.iin- men, for a new Due of Tholl Tulip, exhibited under the name of Cochenille Due. This Tulip flowers, like the type, early in December; the colour of the flower is dark red, and the size is above the ordi- nary. Messrs. Oroenew E', fn- & Co., of Amsterdam, received a First-class Certificate for Clivea robusta elegans, a plant of robust growth, with large well- shaped dark-coloured flower. The "Botanical Magazine. " -The March number comprises coloured illustrations and descrip- tions of — Zamia new '.ranadan species, with short trunk and broad plicate leaflets ; t. 7103. Satyriitm mtmbranaccum, a handsome terrestrial Orchid, with large carmine coloured flowers. It has been introduced from the Cape through the media- tion of Mr. (I'lluiEN, and flowered in the Cape-house at Kew; t. 7104. II rayi is a remarkable Aroid, with pedate leaves, and a greenish thne-lobed spadix, beyond which protrudes a long, slender, drooping spadix, according to the custom iu the genus. It is a native of the Malay peninsula; t. 7105. Lathraa clandettina, the beautiful parasitical plant, grown with so much success at Kew. and figured in ourcolumns, May -■'>, 1S8'.I, p. fj.'i.'! ; t. TI'Mi. Papavcr rupifragum var. atlanticum, a Moroccan variety, with orange-scarlet flowers, each about 2 to ." inches in diameter. Flowered in the herba- ceous ground at Kew , t. 7 0 '7. Ghent Chambre Syndicale. -At the meet- ing on March 111, our special correspondent writes, that a Cuttleya Triame, with fourteen superb flowers, shown by Messrs. VBBVAET& Co., obtained a Cull in al Certificate ; another Catlleya, Heine des Beiges, re- ceived an Award of Merit by acclamation. A like distinction was conferred on Ccelogyne cristatu alba, a superb specimen of which was shown by M, Jules Hye, who also showed Odontoglossom Albertianum, and received a similar award. The same exhibitor showed a fine Odontoglossum and a Cypripedium macropterum. M. Augusta van* Geert obtained a Certificate of Merit for a pure white variety of Cattleya Triame. A good variety of Odontoglossum triumphans from Messrs. Vervaet & Co. was awarded a Certificate of Merit, and a like distinc- tion was accorded to Madame la Marquise de Wahzix, for Angreecum Sanderiauum, of a pure white colour, and exquisitely fragrant. M. Ghel- linckde Walls showed a superb Clivea Van Houtte, with six very large trusses ; M. Mcbntjkns, a Seed- ling Clivea ; Messrs. Desbois & Co., Nanthoceras sorbifolia ; and Jules de Cock, a tine form of Cypripedium hireutissimum grande. Mr. Veitch s Lecture on Hippeastrums.— At the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday last, the paper that was read by Mr. II. J. Veitch on the origin of the Hippeastrum varieties raised at his nursery at Chelsea, was full of interest. Mr. Veitch gave a brief history of the various species of the genus, and of the experiments made by Dean Herbert and others, in intercrossing these species. The early history of these crosses is given chiefly in the pages of the Botanical Register and in those of the Journal of the Horticultural Society. The intro- duction by Peabce of Hippeastrum Leopoldi was shown to have exerted the most potent influence on the modern forms. The first step towards a flower improved according to the ideas of the florist, he said, was obtained in II. Gaveana, a seedling of II. Crocea grandifiora, This was followed by crossing the former with 11. Bra/.iliensis, and the resulting flowers were Empress of India and others like it. The flowers were of good form, substance, and fine colour, but with much green colour at the base of the segments ; and while the segments were much broader than had formerly held good of species and hybrids, there was no commensurate broadening of the lower one, and crosses were attempted in which these blemishes should not occur. To this end Empress, and the species Aekeiinanui and Leopoldi were crossed indiscriminately, and to-day we have The Champion, the finest crimson hybrid yet obtained. The cultural details given were those pursued at Chelsea, and which year by year give Buch beautiful flowers as may be seen there at this time of the year. These matters have been fully detuiled in our pages from time to time. Narcissus poeticus.— Mr. Habtland, writing on March 10, sends us flowers of Narcissus poeticus from the open ground near Cork. This is, we believe, the earliest period at which the flowering of this species has been recorded in the British isles. From the same gentleman we received flowers of N. inaximus from bulbs collected in Spain, The Daffodil Congress at Chiswick.— We hear that it is likely that the exhibition on April 15, 16, 17, and L8, in the Gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Chiswick, will be opened by H.R.H. the Duchess of Tuck, well known for her sympathy with horticulture. Professor Foster will probably read the opening address. THE STRAWSONISER. — We are informed by Mr. Strawson, to whom we applied for information, that Messrs. llomsby & Sons, of llrantham, are manufacturing a small machine suitable for Kitchen and Flower Gardens as well as for fruit trees up to 25 feet in height. Such a machine will be a boon in market gardens. FORESTRY.— A paper, entitled Forestry in the Colonies and in India, was read by Dr. W. Schxich, late Inspector General of Forests to the Government of India, at a meeting of the Royal Colonial Institute, held in the Whitehall Rooms of the Hdtel Metropole, on Tuesday night, 11th inst., Lord Bury iu the chair. The direct usefulness of forests, he said, in so far as they yielded timber or other produce, represented capital, and provided labour, depended upon many things, such as the means of communication in a 330 Til E G A R D /•>' A' E R S' 0 II R ONICL E. [March 15, 1890. country and with oilier countries, the quantity anil quality of substitutes for forest produce available in the country, especially iron and coal, the value of laud and labour, and the returns which land yielded if used for other purposes, the density of population, and the amount of capital available for investment. The British Empire, although it .was so frequently represented as possessing more extensive forests than any other nation, paid every year something like 1:2,000,000/. to foreign countries for timber alone. Here, then, was a broad fact which called for serious consideration, for under existing circumstances the imports of timber into the Empire would increase rather than decrease. There were certain reasons therefore, why State interference was more called for in the case of forestry than in most other branches of industry. PODOCARPUS ACUriFOLIUS (the Acute-leaved Totara) is an erect-branched shrub, from o feet to 0 feet in height, with pungent leaves. When grow- ing in exposed places the branches are short and rigid, and the leaves close-set ; but when in shel- tered situations the branches are slender, with the leaves laxly arranged and spreading. Leaves green, three-quarters of an inch or more long, narrow- linear, coriaceous, pungent, making the plant very prickly to handle. The male catkins are about 1 iuch in length, very slender, and may be solitary or in clusters of from two to five on a short pe- duncle. Female flowers solitary in the axils of the leaves. Fruit, a brown nut seated on a crimson pulpy receptacle. The flowers are produced in December and January, and the fruit is mature in April and Hay. The properties and uses of this species are unknown. T. Kirk, in " Forett Flora of New Zealand.'' HUME A ELEGANS. This is a plant that one sees much less frequently in gardens now than some twenty-five years ago, and I am reminded of its grace and beauty by a photo- graph of a group, in a wild state, published in the last volume of the Victorian Naturalist. Early in the present century, in 1801, Sir James Edward Smith, the purchaser of Linnaeus' collections, and the founder of the Linnean Society of London, started a new illustrated periodical, with the special object, as stated in the preface, of figuring plants not in cultivation in this country, though deserving the attention of cultivators and importers. This was, in a sense, an apology to the editors of the various existing periodicals devoted to the illustra- tion of cultivated plants, for after all, the majority of the plants figured were already in cultivation though many were quite new to science, and described for the first time in Smith's Exotic Botany — a work that only ran to two volumes of sixty plates each. The plant represented in the first plate was one of the many Australian novelties introduced about that period, and Sir James Smith named it in com- pliment to the lady in whose garden it first flowered in England. From its general appearance nobody would guess that it is a member of the Coniposita?, as it much more closely resembles some of the Ama- rantaceffi ; but it is one of the many instances in the vegetable kingdom of plants whose affinities can only be ascertained by an examination of the flowers. Indeed, it is so far different from the great majority of the Coniposita: that the flowers, or florets as they are sometimes called, are usually solitary, and the showy part of the inflorescence consists of scale-like coloured bracts enclosing the solitary flower. Unlike most members of the family, too, these bracts increase in size upwards, the lowermost ones being very minute, whilst the upper are relatively large and showy. Smith says : — " Specimens of this elegant plant have long since been sent to England from the neighbourhood of Fort Jackson, New South Wales, but its appearance was altogether so new and extra- ordinary, that no botanist could determine its genus, or even its natural order, Its proper class in the Linnean system was not suspected till the summer of 1*04, when Lady Hume, fortunately, had several plants in blossom in her choice collection at Worm- leybury, Herts, from seeds communicated by the Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks. The beauty of its wide-spreading, drooping panicle, and innumer- able shining rose-coloured flowers (bracts), which sometimes vary to white, render this plant a great acquisition to the greenhouse, in which it succeeds without any peculiar attention. It is moreover desirable for its fragrance, which, though much too strong in the leaves, partakes in the panicle of the odour of the Hautboy Strawberry, with some resem- blance to the Cedar-wood." Much more might be said now of the value of Humea elegans in the open bed or border in the summer, but it has been repeated often enough, and is probably better known and understood by many others than the writer of this note, whose only object is to direct attention to an old favourite. The photograph of a wild group of this plant, alluded to above, accompanies the narrative of a trip to Croajingolong in East Victoria, Australia, by Professor Baldwin Spencer and C. French, F.L.S. This is a hilly, still almost uninhabited district, rising in its northern part, bordering on New South Wales, to .3700 feet, not far from the locality in which the Humea was found in unusual luxuriance. The aspect of the plants in the very much reduced photo- graph is that of a number of persons draped in white from the head, and standing above the luxuriant Fern vegetation, which is distinctly shown in the foreground. The writer of the notice now in question describing the country where they met with the Humea, says, " The scene is a very fine one. Bight in front the Coast Ranges, nearly 4000 feet high, block the way to the north ; to the right rises Mount Bungywarr, peaked, and crowned to its summit with forest ; to the left we are shut in by lofty white Gums running up the mountain-side ; and beneath us the hill runs down steeply to the densely woo'ded valley. The track descends rapidly, and after an easy day's march of 9 miles we camp at the base of Goon Murk, the highest in this district, close by a lovely group of Humea elegans, in full bloom, some of them being from 15 to 20 feet high." Imagine Humea 20 feet high, with its hanging plumes of slender graceful brancblets so dense that the camera shows them only as ghost-like masses of white. The colour of the flowers, or rather of the bracts, varies considerably from white or pale pink to crim- son, and I doubt whether the deepest coloured variety has ever been in cultivation. In the Kew Herbarium there in a specimen from the Victoria Ranges, which even in the dried is of a beautiful bright crimson. W. Sotting Bemsley, One Ash, Cam- bridge Rood; Chiswick. KEW NOTES. Amorphoc-hallus titanum. — There is no truth in the report that the large plant at Kew of this gigantic Aroid died immediately after, and in con- sequence of its flowering. The plant is now in fine condition in the house where it flowered last year, the leaf developed since December measuring 14 inches in diameter at the base, and 'J feet in height. All the roots perishing soon after the flower had been removed, the tuber was taken out of the soil, washed, and then weighed. It had lost V lb. in weight from the time when it was repotted, about two months before it pushed up the flower to the time when the flower was past. Apparently there is no reason why this plant may not flower again next year. (injirinia f/iuas, which flowered at Kew last year, is again in flower there now. It will be remembered that previous to the discovery of the Titanic Amor- phophallus by Dr. Beccari, the Godwinia was the acknowledged giant of the Aroidere. Arisama speeiosum is also represented by some very fine plants in flower, some of them having larger and darker spathes than is usual in this species. Several plants of Dracontium fcecundum, a near relative of the Godwinia, and not unlike it, except that the spathe is smaller, are also flowering in one of the stoves. Taccarum Warminqianum, another large-flowered Aroid, related to the Amorphophallus, is pushing up a fine inflorescence. In the Cape-house there are some very large spathes of several species of Sauromatnm. W. W. FROST AT LA MORTOLA. The neighbourhood of Ventimiglia, and especially the gardens of Mr. T. Hanbury at La Mortola, have been visited by sharp frost, and a heavy fall of snow, the frost prevailing for several nights. Such weather has not been known here for the last seven or eight years. With about 500 species of plants in flower, and large numbers of tropical and semi- tropical plants in all parts of the garden, I fully expected to see very great havoc, especially as the sun shone out in the middle of the day with all the brightness common in the Italian Riviera. Having spent a couple of days noticing the effect of the frost on the vegetation, I was more than surprised to find so very little damage to the plants. Bego- nias of the several species cultivated in these gardens are badly cut up, the soft, succulent leaves being amongst the first to collapse. Next to the Begonias, the Salvias have felt the frost the worst, especially those in any exposed position ; but even here it is merely the outside shoots that are destroyed, and there are many plants of this genus flowering away again as gay as ever. Ferdinanda eminens, Clerodendron fragrans, and several species of Wigandia have suffered in the young leaves. The genus Iochroma is rather puz/.ling in respect to its frost resistance; I. tubu- losum has escaped with very slight damage, whilst I. coccineum has lost all its leaves. This latter plant presents a marked contrast to a huge bush of the double form of Sparmannia africana in full flower, which is uninjured, the Iochroma has its branches intermixed with those of the Sparmannia, and so the contrast is the more remarkable. Can it be that the dense pubescent leaves of the latter plant are more capable of resisting frost ? In another part of the garden, two other species show a marked contrast fn their frost-resisting powers, these are Cycas revoluti and Aralia papy- rifera, the latter plant has suffered very much, and the large tough leaves are falling ; the Cycad has come through the frost as healthy and as glossy as ever. In both plants there is a similarity of texture, and a lanate development to protect the young growth. Here and there the shrubs of Heliotrope have been cut back, Tecoma capensis and Bomarea oligantha in close proximity are in full flower totally unaffected. Linnm trigynum, Bougainvillea spectabilis, and Canarina campanula, show traces of the frost, especially the latter plant, but are flowering away as bravely as if they had not expe- rienced several degrees of frost. Amongst the succulents — which are the glory of these gardens — there is very little damage indeed ; Kleinia viridiflora and a large plant of Agave attenuata in flower are amongst the injured in this section. This immu- nity from frost injuries is the more noticeable from the fact, that the genus Mesembryanthemum alone is represented here by about ninety species, and the other genera of succulent plants in like pro- portion. The semi-aquatics have, with the exception of Caladium esculentum, escaped injury; this is interesting from the fact, that growing side by side are such plants as Cyperus papyrus, Richardia icthiopica, Fhilodendron pertusum, Bamboos of several species, and Azolla caroliniana. Canna indica, Cuphea eminens, and Dahlia M aximiliana show unmistakable evidences of the frost ; Strelitzia augusta, S. reginas, and that lovely Cape plant Othonna Athanasia1, in full flower, on the other hand escape. Mabch 15, 1890.] THE GAB DE NEBS' OHBObllCLE. 331 The Solanums, many with soft young growths, have, as one might expect, received a severe check ; nearly all the species were carrying fruit; this, except in the case of S. betaceum, appears to be sound and unaffected. S. ciliatum var. macrocarpa, one of the niOBt ornamental of the whole genus, does not show any trace either in the rich scarlet fruits or the leaves. With very few exceptions, the species injured by the frost are those which have made a winter growth, i.e., new growth since the previous autumn : as for example, the Solanums and Salvias. These plants have continued to grow all through the autumn and winter months. Such growth has not undergone the changes due to the excessive drought and summer sun, influences that render vegetation less liable to injury by a few degrees of frost. This hypothesis is, I think supported by the fa:t that Palms, Cycads, Eucalypti, Banksias, Oranges, Acacias, and a host of other plants, that would be injured beyond recovery if exposed to a few degrees of frost in a more northern climate — pass through a few degrees here, practically uninjured. ■/. W. Odd/, Iglia, Italy, March 7. The Bulb Garden. LILIIM AURATUM. Few of the many roots imported from Japan sur- vive the first season, the large crop of flowers usually produced being followed by a mass of stem-roots alone, which tend to the utter collapse of the bulbs, the few that survive being those which have emitted fresh roots at the base of the bulbs after planting. The great loss from decay on the voyage to this country is doubtless caused by sweating in bulk during the protracted voyage, may help to explain the cause of the loss of sound bulbs afterwards. I have asked myself the question why this particular species of Lily fails in so many instances to send forth roots at the base after importation ; 1 mean those, of course, that survive the journey, and who b seem fairly sound and plump when the cases are opened. Is it probable that the new basal roots were formed, but were cut oil' for tin- greater convenience of packing, prior to being embedded in the usual clay envelopment? 11 this be so, it is no wonder that a second lot of roots does not form, and that the bulb perishes. This, however, can hardly be the case with the earlier arrivals, and yet I have not observed that these are generally any better than those that arrive later, which makes it difficult to understand. The soil in which these imported bulbs are moulded before being packed, is of an adhesive nature, a fact which may not conduce to the health of the enclosed bulbs ; in many instances it becomes quite a hard crust, rendering evaporation of moisture from the bulb well nigh impossible, and I incline to the belief that a decidedly lighter material, and dry, fur packing purposes, with the use of perforated cages, might in- lound to answer perhaps better, the trausit cost would be less, and basal roots, assuming these are already emitted, may then be left intact. A few importations would suffice to prove which of the two methods was the better. But, after all, it still remains a significant, fact that some Lilies sutler to a greater extent than others during trausit : for example, the varieties of Liliuni speciosum and L. longiflorum arrive in better condition as a whole than L. auratum, while of the latter group the varieties platyphyllum and virginale come to hand in better condition, and do much better than the type ; and L. Krameri suffers considerably, as do L. auratum rubia and L. a. vittatum. In potting newly imported bulbs the moisture contained in the soil will be ample for their needs for a time, and the bnlbs should be plunged 4 or G inches deep in fine coal ashes or cocoa fibre in cold frames, or under some kind of protection that will keep off rain. Here the bulbs should remain until a few inches of growth has been made, and they should be examined closely for decayed portions before being potted. Where it is found that portions only of some scales are attacked, and particularly where these are not the outer scales, the decaying part only should be broken off, and charcoal dust sprinkled over the wound, which may have the effect of staying the spread of decay. The loss of a few scales, however, is not a very serious item as compared with the state of the base of the bulbs, as it is here that the mischief lies, and this fact has for some time led me to believe that the bulbs themselves have been sub- jected to a mutilating process. It should be stated in regard to Lilies generally that they do not require much shade, and some of the finest clumps of Liliums I have seen, while being shaded about their roots, were permitted to send their flower-heads up into full sunlight. J. MOSTBRETIAS. The varieties of these plants have received effective and valuable additions of late years that are of service for decorative purposes for cut flowers. The spikes are graceful, and the flowers bright. For cut bloom, the best way is to grow them oui - doors, they being nearly hardy, and the most suitable place is a narrow border alongside of a sunny wall, or front of the greenhouse. Here they should have a good depth of light rich sandy soil, and be planted 0 inches deep, the right time for doing this being the present, before the bulbs or roots start; and after the planting is done, it is advisable to scatter a few half-rotten leaves, or Cocoa-nut fibre over the top. Once planted, they require no farther atten- tion beyond the autumnal top-dressing, to protect them against severe frost. •'. 67. SI DTROl'ICAf, BEDDING PLANTS. IV; pabation should be made to raise a stock of plants for the decoration of the subtropical garden. I propose to name some of the most useful in this respect, the best means of raising a stock, and also add a few suggestions as to the planting of each Acacia lophantha is easily raised from seed, sown in sandy soil in March, on brisk bottom-heat, the young plants grow quickly, and 1-inch pots are large enough lor them previous to planting them. They should be allowed to grow with one upright stem. The finely cut leave, render this Acacia suitable for '• dot " plants or mixing with other foliage or flower- ing subjects. An effective arrangement where this plan! is nei ded to form a m i-- is to plant it at about 1 1 fei t apart, and fill in between with Perilla nankin- ensis, and by pinching the- latter frequently the plants could be kept below the side branches of the Acacia, a very pretty effect is produced in this manner. Grevillea robusta is best grown with a single up- right stem, and its light feathery drooping haves making it a very effective "dot" plant amongst Alternantheras or other dwarf plants. The seed should be sown at once on a gentle bottom-heat ; the plants the first year will grow about 1 foot high and some of them rather more. If these are care- fully lilted in the autumn, and potted and placed in a cool house for the winter, line plants will be avail- able for the next year that will be better adapted for mixing with tall plants than the young ones of this year. This Grevillea gives a good effect if planted in a mass and carpeted beneath with dark flowered Violas. Abutilon Thompsonianum with its green leaves, golden blotched, is showy as a single plant, or three or five together, growing with others which harmonise with it in colour. For any purpose it is best grow n with a single stem, and to effect this cuttings should be put in during September, four or five in a S-inch pot, in which they soon'root. These should Le wintered in a cool house, and potting them oil singly in March, all the while keeping them cool. Cut- tings from old stock plants may be taken off during March — these are easily rooted in bottom-heat, and make nice plants by the middle of May ; side branches will form during the summer. Whether these are removed or pinched at the first or second leaf is a matter of no moment, but in any case the leader should be kept intact ; free growth should be encouraged, as the markings on the leaves are thus rendered more effective. Ricinus in variety, are much in request in some places, a well grown plant having a fine appearance. 11. tiibsonii, of a dark coppery colour, grows about 5 feet high, but may be kept to 3 feet by timely pinching out of the points of the shoots; Oambod- gensis is another of the dark-leaved kinds, and capital plants 2 feet high may be obtained, rendering it available as a nice " dot " plant to put amongst light coloured Violas. R. communis or sanguineus has green leaves, and is effective when planted in a mass in the centre of a circular bed ; for instance, having next to it a row of R. Gibsonii, finishing off in front with a row of Solanum marginatum, the colour of these two plants harmonising thoroughly. At the eud of March or April is time enough to sow seeds of Ricinus, which should be done singly in small pots, standing them in a vinery where some heat can be given them, afterwards potting into .V inch pots supplying the roots with abundance of water when well-rooted. The mistake in the growth of Castor- oil plants is sowing the seed too early, the con- sequence is, that long before the time for putting them out arrives, the pots are full of roots, which get sometimes very dry, the leaves turn yellow, and eventually fall off, the plants are then leggy, and have a poor appearance. At planting time they should not be more than 1 foot high, and have all their leaves intact down to the soil. Melianthus major is useful to plant singly in the centre of a small bed, or in a mass in a larger one, and can be grown with a single stem, or in a branch- ing manner. The glaucous leaves have a blue tint which adds to the effectiveness of the plant. Sow the s.ed at once in sandy soil on a gentle bottom- heat. If larger plants are wanted keep some of them in small pots during the summer and winter giving them a larger shift early in the spring to induce free growth. Jacaanda mimosefolia is a capital subject to grow as a "dot " plant for carpet-beds, its finely cut leaves have a light appearance, and the deep green colour of which associates well with almost any under- growth. Cuttings inserted in a gentle bottom-heat in February quickly root, and grow into nice little plants by June ; if larger are needed, they should be grown on in the cool greenhouse lor a season, which will give them not only extra size but robustness. Solanums are valuable annuals for the subtropical garden, as they can be grown to a large si/.e in the si ae vear from seed . pyracanthum has leaves not none than 2 inches wide, are long and semi-droop- ing, of a bronzy shade of colour. The long spines with which the leaves are covered, both on the upper and lower surfaces, render it attractive, placed where each plant will show its leaves clearly — that is, thinly in a mass in one bed, or as "dot" plants. The seed should have been sown about the middle of February. S. argenteum, or marginatum, grows in good soil, :i to 4 feet high ; the stems and leaves are silvery. Nowhere does this sort show to better advantage than when placed in the neighbourhood uf dark-leaved Castor-oil plants. From the begin- ning to the middle of March is soon enough to sow the seed of this variety and S. robustum, as they both grow quickly, and are liable to get stunted in growth in the pots before planting time, if sown sooner. The last-named sort is the strongest grow- ing of them all, producing large leaves bronzy-green in colour. Eucalyptus globulus is generally appreciated for its deep glaucous green foliage, the perfume of its leaves, aud rapid growth. A mass of it in the centre of a bed looks well, or mixed with other plants. It is time to sow the seed, the plants being grown on in a vinery for a while, until well established. Dracrena indivisa as a " dot " plant is one of the best subjects we have. From the rootlets taken from the base of old plants in the spring nice strong 332 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 15, 1890. plants are obtained, if kept growing for a year in the greenhouse before planting them out. Wigandia caracasana is a plaut of dwarf growth, with very large leaves, dark green in colour, and which looks well on the outside of a bed where there is abundance of space to develop in. The middle of March is time enough to sow seed. Salvia argentea is a plant that does not grow more than 1 foot high, and produces leaves as much in width, which are covered with silvery-white tomentum, which gives the plant a striking appear- ance when covered with drops of dew or raindrops. Planted alternately with the green fishbone Thistle as an edging to other subtropical plants, a pretty effect is produced. The middle of March is soon enough to sow the seeds. Cannabis gigautea (common Hemp), is a coarse growing plant, and is tit only for the rough parts of the garden. It will grow in one season as much as 12 feet high ; strong well-manured soil is required for it, especially where the situation is a moist one — sow in April. Cannas are largely employed for the decoration of the garden, some few are attractive as flowering plants, but the bulk of them are admired for their foliage, which in some varieties is marked in stripes of a dark colour. When once a stock of plants is secured, little trouble is needed to keep up the stock. Early in October, the roots should be dug up and packed away in soil in a cellar or frost-proof shed, like Dahlias. Early in March, the roots may be divided, placed in either pots or boxes, given a little heat to start them into growth, and when rooted, cooler treatment is necessary to render the leaves firm, as they sometimes are disfigured by winds if the plants have been grown in heat for too long a time. Chamaipeuce Casabome and C. diacantha, the green and the white leaved fishbone Thistles, are effective plants where dwarf plants are needed as edgings to taller plants. The white leaved Dia- cantha variety is largely employed in some gardens, planted singly in beds which are carpeted with Alternantheas or other low growing plants. It is now too late to sow seed, February being a better time. S. THE FLORA OF QUEENSLAND. In his report Mr. Bailey says : — " The results of the expedition to Wooroonooran, from a botanical point of view, have proved highly satisfactory ; about thirty fresh plants have been added to the known flora of Australia, equalling in number those added to the flora of New Guinea by Sir William Macgregor's late expedition to the Owen Stanley Range, which is 8000 feet higher than Bellenden-Ker, and propor- tionately extensive in area. It being winter, a large number of the trees and shrubs were without flower or fruit, consequently could not be identified.'' The whole range is clothed in dense tropical jungle from base to summit, there not being a single open space 50 feet square, except a patch of Ferns on the south spur at 2700 feet, and a few hundred yards of forest on the west spurs of Mounts Sophia and Toressa. Among the specimens collected were 110 different species of Ferns and twenty-six different Orchids. We found thirty-eight species of edible fruits, some of them very nutritious and of very agreeable flavours. The choicest of them will yet be cultivated, and run a close competition for popu- larity with the best of our civilised fruits. Among them is the Citrus iuodorus, or scentless Lemon, named by Bailey, a tree with rich, dark-green foliage, bearing a fruit the size of a small Lemon, with a sharp, agreeable, acid taste, and very refreshing. We also found Acronychia acidula, or Scortechini's Crab, a form of which is found on the Logan, where atten- tion was called to its usefulness by the late Rev. Father Scortechini. Among the smaller fruits were five species of native Grapes belonging to the genus Vitis, the wild Tamarind, two Quondongs, called Curroogi by the blacks, the Burdekin Plum, Bomban and Rancooran of the natives ; five species of edible Beans, six Nuts, three Cherries, one Blackberry, one Raspberry, one Loquat, four Figs, one Geebung, and one Nutmeg. None of the large fruits were avail- able except the Mangosteen, as the superb specimens seen on my first ascent in February belong to the summer months. We found the Herbert River Cherry, Antidesma dallachyanum, heavily laden with ripe fruit, which is pleasant to eat in the raw state, and can be turned into excellent jam or jelly. There also in great abundance was Davidsonia pruriens, or Davidson's Plum, a blue-black Plum the size of a duck egg, the interior a rich bright purple juicy pulp, a sharp acid, very pleasant flavour, a remark- ably refreshing fruit, with the happiest effect in assisting digestion. It is a great favourite of the cassowary, who marches round daily to pick up the fallen fruit. Principal of the Nuts is the Coa, a round, clean Nut, as big as the largest Walnut, growing on a tree which attains an immense size. This Nut is often confounded with the Coi, a small red fruit growing on a Climber, and eaten by the Blacks after cooking on hot stones. In the first the accent is on the o, and in the second on the i. The Coa is eaten raw, and is a palatable and nutritious fruit. The natives regard it with special favour. The Loquat, known as the Cooktown Loquat, Rhodomyrtus macrocarpa, is an edible red juicy fruit, eaten with gusto by all the frugivorous birds. One of the FIG. 50.— CYPRESS KNKl', UUCH REDUCED. (SEE p. 321.. Eugenias (cornirtora) bears all along the trunk a large pink and white fruit, called Murroo by the blacks, who eat it occasionally, though rather spongy and insipid. Another Eugenia (oleosa) bears a lovely bright blue fruit, that would have a charming effect in the decorations of a banquet- hall, or ballroom, or evening party. The Helicia Whelani, named by Bailey after Sergeant Whelan, bears a large Nut, extensively used for food by the blacks, in whose camps we found the shells or whole Nuts in considerable quantities. It is roasted and eaten without any maceration in water, apparently containing no poisonous principle. Chief of all the fruits is the Garcinia Mestoni, or Meston's Man- gosteen, already described in a previous article. Mr. Soutter, of the Acclimatisation Gardens, is now try- ing to germinate the seeds of this and two other large fruits, at present unnamed, as only the seeds were found on the recent expedition. The true Nut- meg grows everywhere in abundance, and forms the favourite food of the Straits pigeons when down for the breeding season. It is smaller than the Nutmeg of commerce, but exactly the same in all other respects. Botanically the name is Myristica insipida. All over Australia are palatable wild fruits, many pleasantly scented flowers, and birds that sing or whistle as sweetly as any in the world, the night- ingale alone excepted. Nearly all the flowers of the tropic north are per- fumed, some of them diffusing a delightful odour, The Dracophyllum of Wooroonooran bears one of the most magnificent flowers in the world. Some of the Orchids bear deliciously fragrant flowers, and on the summit of the mountain is a handsome shrub bearing a small white flower, with a fascinating scent, such as I never met with before. Among the perfume-bearing plants is the Orites fragans, named by Bailey, who describes it as " a most attractive plant, from the rich colour and fra- grance of the inflorescence." The same sentence applies exactly to one of the Holland;eas found on the mountain, according to Bailey, " a most desirable tree for garden culture." One very handsome tree is named Cyanocarpus Nortoniana, after the Hon. A. Norton. The peculiar dome-topped tree, so often referred to in previous articles, is named Leptosper- mum Wooroonooran. Strange indeed if this extra- ordinary tree is found nowhere in this world except on the top of that mountain, the sole survivor of an ancient race. From the crest of Bartle Frere comes Melicope Chooreechillum, a small tree bearing a thick white flower. The Queensland climbling bamboo, named Bambusa Moreheadiana, after the present premier, is a most imposing plant, ascending to the tops of the tallest trees, crossing over toothers, and hanging in splendid festoons of leaves 10 inches long and 2 inches wide from the overarching spaces. It is found in the densest and richest scrub. Some idea of the size of this splendid plant can be found in the fact that it attains a length of over 200 feet. Among the large trees of that district is the Ficus colossea, or Colossal Fig, a tall, handsome tree with straight, smooth, bright green trunk. From the enormous flanges of this tree, called Maccorah, the blacks cut their shields, aud when dry it is tough and light, and stands a surprising amount of wear and tear. This is a favourite tree for the nests of the Calornis metallica, or bright metallic starlings, which build like the Baltimore oriole, and hundreds of these huge nests on one tree give it the appearance of having stopped a haystack flying round in a cyclone. On all the creeks up to 1200 feet we saw the Umbrella Tree, Brassai actinophylla, in magnifi- cent perfection, with rich crimson flower-spikes 4 feet in length. Among the 110 different Ferns are some stately and splendid specimens, and others small and deli- cately beautiful. Of the Tree Ferns, one of the hand- somest has been named by Mueller after some damsel or matron called Rebecca. Hundreds of this glorious Fern were destroyed in cutting our tracks. The summit of Wooroonooran is the sole Australian habitat of the White-leaved Bristle Fern, found here for the first time. At 4000 feet we got the Wig Fern Tree, hitherto found only in South Africa, Brazil, and Java. There also is the lovely Hairy Fern, known previously only by a single frond obtained on the east side of Mount Toressa by Walter Hill in 1873. We saw Tree Ferns over 40 feet in height, said by Mr. Bailey to represent a great age. Among the new Orchids were Oberonia pusilla and B. Toressa, the latter named after my first-born, one found at 40O0 feet, and the other at the Whelanian Pools, both flowering in June and July. Many of the Orchids were in flower, beautiful blossoms diffusinga rare fragrance, conspicuous among them being D. speciosum, summit of Charroogin, and Bailey's Orchid, which was flowering in splendid perfection at the Morehead Cataracts and Franc esca Falls. The Orchids and Ferns seen in our gardens and summer-houses bear the same resemblance to their wild free brethren of the hot moist tropic jungles, that a caged eagle with half his tail gone, a foreclosed mortgage on his feathers, and a bilious headache, bears to the noble bird sweeping through the sunlit fields of air in all the glory and perfection of unfettered freedom. Among the plants becoming naturalised and grow- ing wild in that district are the Pa-paw Apple, Gran- dilla, Apple Guava, Red Pepper, Citron, Passion Fruit, Tomato, Tobacco, Castor Oil, and many grasses. Among the fibrous plants is one called Boorgay by the blacks, a ground plant with ra- diating, long, narrow leaves extending to 3 feet in March 15, 1890.] THE GAUD E JV K I; ,s ' QHkONlCl E. 333 length. The leaves are about 2 inches wide, tapering to a point, and one of them would suspend 100 lb. The blacks use the leaves as rope, twist a couple into a band, and carry surprising loads, the weight all bearing on the band passed round the forehead. Of course only the skull of a myall or an alderman will submit to such a formidable strain. The botanical name is Gymnostachys anceps, a title about as tough as the plant. It was found on Chooreechillum up to 4000 feet. Among the large trees were Stavewood, R?d Beech, Red and White Cedar, Tulip, Ivorywood, Bean tree, Red Sandalwood, Blue and Gray Gums, Bloodwood, Moreton Bay Ash, Box, Leichhardt, Beefwood, swamp and forest Oaks, stringy-bark Pine, Dam- mara and Kauri and She-Pines, and many giant trees not yet known or described, the local names ofwhich are only misleading to the inquirer. We found several plants known in other countries to possess more or less valuable medicinal properties, one of them being the Indian Wild Taro, the tubers of which are used as a potent fomentation in rheu- matism. Among the Canes are the Midgen, and the large and small lawyer Canes, called " Yaplam " by the blacks. There were some magnificent Palms, two of them with leaves from 10 feet to 20 feet in length. We got over thirty specimens of grasses, some exotic and some indigenous. The Qm Dea ruber 21. 1889. THE LATE .MR. WEBSTER, GORDON CASTLE. We take the following account of Webster's life from the Banffshire Journal of March 11, which in its turn copied the account, based on information supplied by himself, which appeared in the Gar- deners' Chronicle of April 24, 1^75: — The announcement of the death of Mr. Webster, gardener, Gordon Castle, which occurred on Tuesday evening, will be received with feelings of deep regret by many in a wide district of country who held his name in high respect. Only a fortnight ago on Friday last, Mr. Webster presided at a meeting of the members of the local Horticultural Society. He caught influenza, which was epidemic in the dis- trict. For some time he had not been in very robust health, and the weakening malady proved too much for his impaired health. Mr. Webster was born on December 8, 1-11 i' Blanerne, a small and beautiful estate on the banks of the Whitadder, one of the lower tributaries to the Tweed, in Berwickshire, where his father was then gardener to General Balfour, the proprietor. In the autumn of 1817 his father went to Mander- ston, about o miles distant, as gardener and general manager on the estate, in the service of General Mait.land, father of the Earl of Lauderdale. Mr. Webster received his education at Duns, and having early formed a taste for gardening, was placed shortly after he was thirteen years of age to do light work in the gardens tor three or four months during summer, when he again returned to school. lie continued to do this until he was sixteen, when he went into the gardens for regular employment, with the object of making horticulture his profession. At Manderston .Mr. Webster learned his profession in an excellent school. Grapes from the gardens gained several prizes at the shows of the Caledonian Horti- cultural Society in Edinburgh, and the awards, con- sisting of silver plate, are still heir-looms in the family. Mr. Webster lelt home about the age of eighteen, and went toDalquharran Castle, in Ayrshire, as journeyman, under Mr. David Dick, aud remained there until November, 1833, when he went to Whit- tinghame, in Eist Lothian, under Mr. William Kintoul. He derived considerable advantage during his services here from his having to assist in the laying out of a new flower garden, of which he had tin- principal superintendence. He was three years at this place, the last one as foreman. In November, 1838, he went to Claremont in Surrey, as foreman in the houses of the fruit department, under Mr. C. M'lntosh, author of the Practical Gar- dener, who was then in the service of the King of the Belgians. From Claremont, all the Grapes and Pine-apples had to be sent during the summer and autumn months for the supply of the Royal table at Lacken. In February, 1838, Mr. Webster went to Eartham, Sussex, as gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Huskisson, widow of Mr. Wm, Huskisson, M.P. for Liverpool, who was killed at the opening of the Manchester and Liverpool railway. His employer was a great admirer of Orchids, and during his long stay there.which was upwards of twelve years, Mr. Webster had an opportunity of getting together a choice collection. He was here successful in getting that shy flowering Orchid, Renanthera coccinea, to produce live large flower-spikes for a number of years in succession. In November, 1844, Mr. Webster was awarded a silver Banksian medal for one sent to the Horticultural Society's meeting in Regent Street, while two years later he had again a similar award for another spike which was one of five borne on the plant at the same time. Mr. Webster was also in possession of a gold Bank- sian, received for six Orchids shown at Chiswick, in June, 1847, having been placed first out of seven competitors. These were the only occasions on which he competed in London. Mr. Webster next engaged with the late Duke of Richmond to take charge of the gardens and foreBts at I Jordon Castle. Mr. Webster came to Gordon Castle on November 30, 1850. < >ne of his first duties on his arrival there was to lay out for the Duchess a new flower garden in the Italian style, which had at that time been commenced. While carrying out the work of the flower garden in an altered design, and completing it in its present form, which was the work of a number of years, Mr. Webster had the assistance of the late Sir Joshua Jebb, C.E., and also the guidance of the good taste of the Duchess, in deciding upon plans for the balustrades, fences, fountain, and ornamental work. The balustrading springs from each end of the Castle, which is 540 feet in length, and encloses a space JJOO feet in breadth. The ornaments on the principal piers are large classic dogs, and on the others are deer in a standing position, while, on all the intervening piers, are placed vases of different sizes and forms. At Gordon Castle the gardens are about the most ex- tensive, and it may be said with truth, among the prettiest in the North. The flower garden ana the kitchen garden together extend to many acres, the latter alone covering 12 acres, and are a monument of the fidelity to duty and of the exercise of the best taste of a life-time. Mr. Webster lived the life of an ideal gardener. In constant contact with Nature's works, and daily increasing knowledge of her hidden marvels, Mr. Webster loved the profession with his whole heart, and his erudite acquaintance with flowers and plants placed him in quite a unique position in the North of Scotland. Mr. Webster was an acknowledged authority in many departments of his profession. He was a frequent contributor to the recognised horticultural organs in the press, and his opinions were received with the weight attached to the utterances of men of skill. The results of interesting experiments which he made, or information as to the development of plants whose characteristics were little known, have frequently appeared in our columns. Only a few weeks ago an interesting item in horticulture appeared from his pen in the Gardener/ Chronicle, in whose pages were often found articles of the most interesting and useful nature over his signature. As a judge at flower shows, Mr. Webster was in great request, and his judgment was received as one of in- disputable authority. Last year he devoted a good deal of attention to the cultivation of f lutns, in the profitable propagation of which he took a lively interest. As a hybridiser, Mr. Webster was par- ticularly successful, and especially so with hardy fruits. At the Edinburgh Congress, in 1889, he had a collection of forty varieties of Plums of his own raising, which were highly praised by the judges, and most favourably noticed by the horticultural press. Some of his seedling Apples are now standard varieties— Beauty of Moray and Northern Dumpling being greatly in demand. There is also a seedling Grape which gives every promise of becoming an excellent and useful fruit. With Mr. Webster herbaceous and alpine plants were also a specialty. The community of Fochabers will greatly miss Mr. Webster's kindly presence. In movements having for their object the promotion of the social and intellectual welfare of the people, he took the deepest interest. A faithful servant in every respect, Mr. Webster was uniformly a just and upright master to those whom circumstances had placed under him. In him the Duke of Richmond and Gordon has lost an intelligent and faithful servant; Fochabers has lost a kind and helpful neighbour, and those under him an upright master. Mr. Webster is survived by Mrs. Webster, and by three sons and two daughters. Mr. Webster's remains were interred in the church- yard of Bellie on Friday. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. (Continued from p. 'JH7.) L.ELIA. (9.) L. DlGBYANA, Iienth., in Journ. /.inn 8oc., xviii. (1881), p. 314; Benth. and Hook, f., Gen. Plant., iii., p. 534. Braisavola Ttigbyama, I. null., /.v. Jo.,. sx\'u. (1846), t. 53; & da Ser., t. 237 ; Bot. May., t. 4474; Warn, and Will., Orch. All,., vi., t. 241. Bletia JHghyana, l>chb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot, vi. (1861), p. 122. -British Honduras. First introduced into England in 184G, by Mrs. McDonnell, wife of the Governor of the colony, who sent plants to Mr. St. Vincent Digby, of Minterne, Dorsetshire, in whose stove it first flowered in July of the following year. Although long called a Brassavola, it has little affinity with that genus, and is far more naturally placed in Loelia. L. X Digbyana-Mossioe, Veitch = L.ixio-Catt- lkva X Diiuiyaxa-Mossi.t:. L. X Dominiana, Rchb. f. = L.klio-Cattleva X DoMINIANA. L. Dormaniana, Rchb. f. See L i.t.to-Cai r- leya x Dormaniana.— I am not at all satis- tied about the systematic position of this plant. Accounts of it are certainlv contra- 334 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 15, 1890. dictory, but from a recent examination of a living" plant with a solitary flower, I am inclined to think it is not a natural hybrid at all, but a true species of Cattleya, allied to C. guttata and C. porphyroglossa. L. X tlegans, Rchb. f. = L.fxio- Cattleya X ELEOANS. L. X elegans, vars. alba, Schilleriana, and Stenzliana — L.fxio- Cattleya x Schil- l.ERIANA. L. X euspatha, Hchb. f. = Lflio- Cattleya X Schilleriana. (10.) L. x Euterpe. Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 1888, pt. 2, p. 533. A hybrid raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitcli, between L. pumila Dayana $ and L. crispa g. A very hand- some little plant. L. x exoniensis.A'eitch = Ljelio- Cattleya x exoniensis. (11.) L. Eyermaniana, Echb. f, in Gard. Chron., 1888, pt. 2, p. 01 ; also pp. 74, 109, fig- 12.— Mexico. A supposed natural hybrid, which appeared with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, and is dedicated to Mr. J. Eyerman, of Easton, U.S.A. Eeichenbach speaks of L. autumnalis and L. majalis as the possible parents, though I cannot see the slightest evidence of the latter, either in the figure cited, or in a specimen sent to Kew by Sir Trevor Lawrence, last October, and which I suppose to be authentic. I should prefer to think of L. autumnalis and L. albida, though the original plant flowering in July is somewhat perplexing, unless, indeed, it was flowering somewhat out of course through being newly imported. The petaloid bract which is represented in the figure, and which attracted much attention when the plant was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society, has already proved to be an abnormal and inconstant character. L.Xfelix, Veitch=L.T:Lio-CATTLEYAX felix. (12.) L.Xilammea, Rchb. f., in Garth Chron., 1874, pt. 1, p. 599; Id., 1876, pt. 1, p. 394 ; Flo,: and Pomol., 1874, p. 133, with plate; Warn, and Will., Orch. Alb., v., t. 217. L. Veitchii, Fl. and Pomol., 1874, p. 116. A hybrid, raised by Mr. Seden, for Messrs. Veitch, between L. cinnabarina? and L. xPilcherime time past suffered from delicate lungs, but con- sidering his age he enjoyed tolerably good health throughout the whole winter up to the last few days, when he caught a chill; congestion of the lungs and bronchitis ensued, and he succumbed on Tuesday evening, March 4. The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combine! result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sum. J2 U Accumulated s g S i. T| 1J 1 1 a hi i 2 8 9 3 ^ a •2a i r n *i4 fl i % 1 £ z « H & Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. den. deg. Inch. i 3 — 2 43 + 18 — 42 1 + 50 11.1 17 16 2 1 — 7 43 — 3 — 28 2 + 39 6.5 27 22 3 2 — 7 35 — 14 — 45 2 — 36 8.6 28 20 4 5 — 4 48 — 31 + 11 1 - 40 3.7 29 27 :. 4 — B 41 — 23 + 15 3 - 35 4.2 31 23 « 5 — 6 43 — 6 - 10 1 — 31 4.5 28 24 7 1 — 8 28 + 5 - 38 Oav. 43 10.6 26 18 n 3 — 4 30 — 5 - 25 1 — 42 6.1 29 22 9 5 — 8 33 — 14 + 45 4 — 40 7.3 43 28 10 Oav. 13 26 — 14 — 10 2 - 46 6.4 27 22 11 2 - IS 23 — 13 + 12 4 — 45 9.3 33 26 1-' 3 - 13 24 + 49 — 2 1 — 45 7.2 40 33 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing Htc, Districts — 7, Scotland. W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W.; 10, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, S. . 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 8th, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather during this week has been charac- terised by great and sudden changes. At times the conditions have been very fair and extremely cold ; at other times snow or rain has been general, and the air mild. At some of the Scotch stations the snow-fall has been heavy. Thunder and lightning occurred over the north of England and in some parts of Ireland on the 8th. " The temperature has been subject to very frequent changes, but has been, on the whole, below the mean in nearly all districts. Soon after the commence- ment of the week it became exceedingly low for the time of year over England, and during the night of the 3rd — 4th, the thermometer sank to the abnor- mally low value of 6° at Hillington, 11° at Rot- hamsted, and to between 13Q and 17° at many of our other southern and south-eastern stations. The newspapers report that much lower values were registered in some parts of Kent and Surrey. In Scotland the absolute minima varied from 10° at Braemar to 18° at Glenlee, and in Ireland from 17° to 22°. Even at Jersey the minimum was as low at 21°. During the latter half of the week the ther- mometer over England and Ireland was much higher and minima were recorded ranging from 52° in ' England, N.W.,' to 57° in ' Ireland, N.,' and ' England, S.,' and 58° in ' England, E.' "The rainfall has been more than the mean over the greater part of Scotland, and has just equalled it in ' Scotland, \V. ; ' in all other districts, however, a deficit is shown. " Briqht sunshine does not differ materially from that recorded last week, the percentage of the pos- sible amount having ranged from 16 in ' Scotland, N.,' to 31 in the ' Midland Counties,' 33 in ' Ireland, S.,' 40 in the 'Channel Islands,' and 43 in 'England S.W.' " Markets. COlrENT GARDEN, March 13. Our market is now supplied with a few samples of late Grapes, and a fair quantity of early forced vege- tables, with prices generally lower. Imported goods include new Potatos and Tomatos. Jama Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. PLAHT8 a POTS.- Aralia Sieboldi. dot. 6 Aspidistria, do/.. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, various.each 2 Christmas bees, doz. 4 Cineraria., per do/.... 8 Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Oyperus, per dozen . 4 Daffodil", do/., pots... 8 Dielytra, per do/. ... 9 Dracaena tenninalis, per dozen 30 — viridia, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendishii. per dozen 18 — ventricosa, doz. 15 Erica9, various, doz. 8 -Averaoe Wholesale Prices. d. t.d. i t.d. t.d. 0-18 0 Euonymua, in var., 0-42 0 per dozes 8 0-18 0 Evergreens, in var., 8-10 « per dozen 8 0-24 0 0- 3 0 Ferns, in var.. doz. 4 0-18 0 o-i'l 0 Ficua elaatica. eaoh .16-70 0-12 0 Foliage plants, vari- 0-24 0 oils, each 2 0-10 0 o-u (i Genista, per doz. ...8 0-12 0 0 12 0 Hyacinths, _p. doz ... 6 0- 9 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots 18 0 24-0 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-18 0 ! Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-48 0 Solanuma, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 'I Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 0-21 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d. t.d. I t.d. t. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 | Narcissus, various. Aea.in i French) bun. 0 9-16 Azaleas, doz. Bprays 0 6-10 Bouvardias. per bun. 0 8-10 Callaeethiopica,12bl. 3 0-50 Camellias. white, doz. 2 0-40 — various, per doz, 1 0- -' » Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20 Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 4-09 Daffodils.doz. blooms 0 3- 019 Euchahs, per dozen 3 0-60 Gardenias, 12 blooms 9 0-18 0 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10 Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. 4 0-60 Lilium, var., 12bl..„ 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ...0 6-10 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 0-90 Mignonette, 12 ban. 2 0-40 — French, per bun. 16-20 Marguerites. 12 bun. 3 0-60 , scarlet. 16-60 Pelargoni 12 spr 0 6-09 — dozen sprays... 10-16 Primroses, 12 bun. ...0 6-10 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 10-16 Human Hyacinths, Kng., doz. sprays... 0 6-10 — (French),|12 bun. 3 0-40 Boses, Tea, per doz. 10-30 — coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — French, dozen ... 1 0- 2 0 — red.perdozen ...4 0-6 0 — Safrano, dozen... 16-26 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 6-10 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 0-12 0 Tubero«e«,12bims.... 18-20 Tulips, doz. blooms. Violets, 12 bun. — French, bunch . — Parma, bunch . Orchid-bloom in variety. 0 6-lu 10-20 10-20 3 0-40 Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. t.d. t.d. t.d. t.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, per li 0 12 0- ... punnet 0 4- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... 16-20! Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 1 0- 1 6 i Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... 2 0- ... Spri Celery, per bundle . Cucumbers, each ... Endive, per dozen ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- Lettuces. per dozen... 1 6- Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- Tomatos, per lb. ...10- Tumips, per bunch, new 0 4- Potatos: — Old Potatos continue to fall in value. For ordinary and inferior goods prices rule, 305. to 50s. ; best samples, 60s. to 80s. per ton. The supply of Canary New Potatos is not so heavy— prices firm and the same as last quoted. J. B. Thomas. Enquiries. " Hi that qucttioncth much shall learn much." — Bacon. Andromeda japonica. — A correspondent asks the probable reason why this plant does not flower with him. It is planted in peat, and is in good health. Notices to Correspondents. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — NovaScotia,brl.l2 0-25 0 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0-50 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 10-18 — St. Michael, each )«-!• Strawberries, oz. ... 0 9-10 Blood Manure : J, K. Powdered clay would absorb the blood, and be afterwards dried artificially. Probably it would, when dry, absorb once again. Books : Unlucky Fungologist. Cooke's Illustrations of Fungi, parts 1 to 50, form 6 vols., with titles and indices ; parts 62 to 72 constitute Vol. VII., for which title and index are given in part 73. Then Vol. VIII., or supplement, will contain parts 41, GO, 61, 73 to 75, with index and titles, completing the work. — J. C. $ Co. The best we know in English is Wm. Paul's The Hose Garden, 5th Ed., Kent & Co., 23, Paternoster Kow. There are coloured illustrations of fine varieties of the Hose. Business Conditions : J. L. Messrs. Sutton have the full right to impose what conditions they please especially as they make no secret of the matter. Perns in Bushev Park : A. B. Pteris aquilina — common bracken. Ft/nous on Boots of Fruit Trees: Enquirer. Yes. tree-roots are often attacked by fungi which may or may not be bred on decaying wood and other vegetable matters in the soil. Do not plant a fresh tree before searching for the roots of the old one it will replace. It is not certain that these will form breeding places for fungi injurious to the fruit tree, but they might ; indeed if all decaying vegetation of the nature of tree-roots did so no plant would be safe for any length of time. A half wet state of the soil of the fruit border is a prolific cause of fungus growth, both above and below ; whereas thorough saturation in autumn, winter, and spring, is good for the trees and tends greatly to the retention of the fruit buds, as well as drowning out fungus. Whenever it can be done, the new fruit tree stations should be trenched early in the autumn, not planting the trees till February. Grafting Wax: A. S. D., and others. Beeswax, 8 0Z8.; mutton suet, 10 ozs. ; powdered resin, 1 oz. Make warm, and mix well together. If it be sticky add a little more suet. This kind of graft- ing wax must be kept warm when being used, in a glue-pot with hot water, or better still, with a small lamp beneath it like a food warmer. Mastic, " Homme Lefort," is sold ready for use by florists and nurserymen. Either is good for Hoses, stove and greenhouse plants ; but fruit trees have the grafts more economically covered with the ordinary clay and chaff mixture. Hedge in Shade of Trees: A. C. Thuia occi- dentalis, T. sibirica (plicata), and common Yew. If the shade is not very dense, Symphoricarpus racemosus (Snowberry), Yellow-flowered Ribes and Holly. Cornus mas makes a capital hedge in shady places, and bears cutting well for a great many years. Kainit tor Potatos : C. M. P. At the rate of 3 cwt. to 5 cwt. per acre. London Parks : A. B. There is much information on the parks around London scattered through our volumes since the commencement of the 338 THE GARDENERS'' CHRONICLE. [March 15. 1890. Gardeners' Chronicle, but we have no time to look up such matters. Consult the file at the British Museum. We could supply numbers not older than ten years. Maggot in Chrysanthemum Leaves, and also on Celery : 8. C. A leaf-miner, Tephritis onopor- dinis. There is no means known of catching the fly which lays the eggs in the substance of the leaf, but the pupaa which descend into the earth, may be destroyed by turning it up in frosty weather. All leaves affected with the maggot ought to be gathered as soon as observed, and burnt. Names Of Plants.: C. Thompson. 1, Primula erosa, P. denticulata var. erosa— a Himalayan Primrose . resembling a depauperated form of P. denticulata ; 2, P. verticillata, the Abyssinian Primrose — a common greenhouse plant, and not hardy. Neither resembles P. amusna, which has flowers as large as an English Oxlip. C. W.Dod.—B.W. H. 1, Aspi- dium dilatatum ; 3, Ceterach otricinarum ; 5, Blechnum, or Lomaria spicant ; 2 and 4, labels detached — one is Polypodium vnlgare. Please send other specimens, — A. W. Dendrobium un- dulatum.— H. Ba;eley, 1, Begonia Prince Wallen- stein; 2, B. hydrocotylefolia ; 3, B. subpeltata var.; 4, B. metallica; 5, B. fuchsioides ; 6, Aspi- dium vulgare var. prolifera. — L. C, Bughy. Merely a bright form of Cattleya Triana;. — C. de B. Abu- tilon insigne. — A. H, We cannot name garden varieties. Nursery Rating : A. F. See Gardeners' Chronicle for March 8, 1889, p. 308, " Nursery and Seed Trade Report," the latest decision on the above matter. Pansy bdrnt Brown colour : ChiswicJc. It may be obtained of florists dealing in pansies. Pears on East Wall : A. F. Napoleon, Brown Benrrd, Winter Nelis, Marie Louise d'Uccle, Fondante dAutomne, Jersey Gratioli, Eyewood, Beu_rn5 d Aremberg, Vicar of Winktield, Thomp- sous, Summer France Real, and Jean de Witte. RrcuTER's Imperatok Potato : A. P. It may be obtained through Messrs. Vilmorin Andrieux & Co., whose agency is in Mark Lane, E.C. Scotch Fir : F. H. The leaves are affected with a fungus, Peridermium pini. Remedial measures are not likely to be of any use, but affected trees *hould, if possible, be burnt, and all the groundsel in the neighbourhood destroyed as far as possible. . See Marshall Ward's Timlier and its Diseases (Macmillan), p. 257. Shrubs to Bloom in Winter : A. C. Daphne mezereon, Lonicera Standishi, Forsythia suspensa, . F. Fortunei, F. viridissima, Jasminum nudiflorum, Rhododendron dahurlcum, Erica carnea, E. herbacea. The last three are peat plants. Arbutus iinedo often retains its bloom till the winter. Slugs in Orchid House : H. A. Pieces of Carrot laid about on stages and floor entice them ; tiles and slates, raised about half an inch from the floor, these forming favourite hiding-places for the creatures, and should be examined daily. Toads are of much use in a glasshouse. Plants much liable to be injured by slugs may be elevated over pans of water, or finely broken glass may be placed in a ring round them. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. H. and F. Sharpe, Wisbech — Agricultural Seeds. B. L. Coleman, Sandwich, Kent — Farm Seeds. Vilmorin-Andrieux & Co., 4, Quai de la Megisserie, Paris— Seeds of Trees and Shrubs. W. H. Hudson, West Green Road, Tottenham, Lon- don— Dutch Bulbs. J. P. Williams & Brothers, Heneratgoda, Ceylon — Bulbs, Tubers, and Orchids. H» B. May, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmon- i ton, London — Ferns and Foliage Plants. E. P. Dixon & Sons, Seed Merchants, Hull — Agri- cultural Seeds. J. Carter & Co., 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C.— New Chrysanthemums. Communications Received. — Our Swiss Correspondent (best thanks).— Our New York Correspondent.— Our Belgian Correspondent.— Our Russian Correspondent. — A. E. R., Leamington.— F. H. W.— J. L — W. B. H.. Cork.— Dr. B , Oxford Botanic Garden.— P. W.— D.M.— W. W.— H. M. W. —P. W. B.— ,T. J.-J. (next week). — N.; V.— C. Raffill.- Amateur (Poinsetlias next week).— I. W.— R. A. R.— Hugh Law.— H. L.— C. Wood.— W. L.— C. W. D — E. C— P. E. X. *-A. B.— G. Woodgate.— H. W. W.—S. D— R. D.— Fox — A. D.-G. A. lf.-W. B.-J. B. J.-J. A.-B. S. W.-F. W. — H. H.. and G.C. L. (next weekl. GERANIUM CUTTINGS. — Raspail, best double scarlet, good cuttings, 3s. 6rf. per 100, 30s. per 100 ''; also 800 strong stock plants of Raspail to offer, cut back, in 7-inch and 8-inch pots ; could be shaken out and stnt cheaply by rail. Will sell cheap. No reasonable offer refused. CRANE AXD CLARKE, The Nurseries. March. Cambs. FERNS in THUMBS.— Extra good lot of Pteris Tremula and P. C. Crestata to offer at 12s. per 100, cash with order.— R. PENGELLY, Dyson's Lane, Edmonton. ARDY BRITISH FERNS.— Rlgida, Mon- tana. Beech. Oak, Parsley, D. C. 20 large Rockery Roots, 2s. M.; 50,5s.; 100,8s.; 24 lb. Hamper, Botanically named, Carriage paid.— G. CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal. To the Trade. FERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most saleable sorts— ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, POLYPO- DIUMS, CYRTOMIUMS. PTERIS, &c, at 12s. per 100. packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, few other kinds from stores, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH. London Fern Nurseries, 140, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. 'T'REE CARNATIONS.— Well-rooted, and fit -I- for immediate potting. Choice named sorts, such as Andalusia, Zouave, Purity, White Swan, The Mikado, Cathe- rine Paul, Valencia, &c, 4s. Gd. per dozen. Special price per 100 on application. CRANE and CLARKE, The Nurseries, March, Cambs. PALMS. — Leading decorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C, bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. Wythes, St/on House, writes:— " Bentley's Insecticide is a great saving in comparison to others. We use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests." Bots., 2s. id., is. Id., postage paid, Half-Gallons, 5s. ; One Gallon, 9s. To be had of the Trade, or the Sole Manufacturer. JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Humber, HULL. /MOST EFFECTIVE I SAFEST TOBACCO PAPEftN "Improved & only Genuine Medicated" NORMAL FERTILISER \^ Nurseryn To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE. — Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto, Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons. Heaths, Sec, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gravel for drives, concrete, gravel, screenings, yellow sand, Sic— For particulars apply to Mr. J. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. O ORCHID GROWERS, &c — Splendid Orchid and other PEATS, selected Hardwood CHARCOAL, and fine fresh Sphagnum MOSS, Specialties. Send for com- plete List of all Garden Sundries.— G. H. RICHARDS. 1, Belve- dere Crescent, Lambeth, London, and at Ringwood, Hants. »c52SX»SSKX£^ rmteERj SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judges at the Alexandra Palace Rose Show, 1889; after In Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Scottish Horticultural Association, 1339. Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says :— '• We were so satis- fied with your competition and its price, that we have used it absolutely, and have every confidence in recommending it." Mr. R. Irwin Lynch, Curator, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says :— "There can be no question with regard to its efficacy." Prices :— In 1 and 2-gal. tins, 2S. per gal. (tins included) ; in 5-gal. drums. Is. 6d. per gal.; 10 and 15- gal. Drums, Is. 4d. per gal. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. r^p3 Used in the proportion of One Gallon to 25 Gallons of Water. TO BE HAD OF ALL NlTRSERYMKN AND Sf.KDSMEN. To prevent disappointment, insist upon having the " ACME." Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge, Kent ; & Carlton St., Bolton, Lancashire. Agents in Ireland — W '. Drummond & Sons, 53, Dawson St., Dublin; Walter Carson & Sons, 21, Bachelor's Walk. Dublin; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 55, Royal Avenue, Belfast; McKenzie & Sons, Limited, Agricultural House. Camden Quay, Cork. CARSON'S PAINT Pjtr by lS.uOO of the Nobility, Gentry, jid Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt, and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN .- Discount for Cash. Price :— ' For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. i. 3s. 6<2. 5s. 8d. 9s. lis. And in 6d. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTandSON, 15U,Hcundsditch, London ATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u-e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c— C. FlDLER, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says: — " I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says i— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it, I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, &o. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos. and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C, where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c, may be obtained. Agents wanted. GARDEN REQUISITES, m Two Prize Medals. >s Quality, THE BEST in the Market, (ah sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. id. each; 10sacks.l2s.tirf.; 15 sacks, 17s. 6d., 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ; BEST BROWN FIBROl'S PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. tirf. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND. Is. tirf. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures. Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, &c, &e. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cask with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road. MiUwaU, London, E. Bankers— Smith, Payne, § Smiths. in PEAT in SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST. FRUIT, and ROSE TREKS. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS,&c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS & CO., The Old-established Peat Depot, Ringwood, Hants. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, 31s. 6d. per Ton, or 126s. per Truck of 4 tons; Bags, 5s. each ; 10 Bags, 45s. BROWN and BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 25s. per Ton, or £.3 perTruek of 4 tons; Bags, 5s. each; 10 Bags. 45s. PEAT, for forming Rhododendron, Bog, and American Plant Beds, 21s. per Ion. or £n 6s. per Truck of 6 tons. THOMiS WALKER, Tekels, Camberley, Surrey. npo MARKET GARDENERS. &c— To Grow A Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS. Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great value of this Manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. SAVE HALF THE COST. PAQQlFir X BEDFORDSHIRE UMnOlU L 0 c°arse and fine ~%m SILVER SAND Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun„ F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. COLES BLOOD AND BONE MANURES. Manufactured from Animal Substances. Rich in Ammonia. Readily absorbed by the Plant. Suitable for all Crops— Farm or Garden. Detailed Price List and Testimonials OH application. J. H. COLE, CaJne, Wilts. Mabch 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 339 WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from the roots of large Specimen Plants, Pots, Lawns, &c. It is easily and cheaply applied, and will not harm the most delicate plant. In bottles, Is., 2s. W., 7s.. and 12s. 6rf. each. FOWLER'S GARDENERS' INSECTICIDE for destroying ami preventing Insects, Blight, and Mildew infestiDg Plants and Trees. It is easily applied, either by Dipping, Syringing, Sponging, or as a Winter Dressing. Dots nut require cleansing off with water ; will not stain or injure any more than plain water; and gives the foliage a bright, clean, and healthy appearance. In Jars, Is. 6rt., 3*., 5s. 6rf. and 10s.; and in Kegs, 281b., 21s. ; 56 lb., 42s. ; 112 lb.. Sis. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the Special Eradication of this most troublesome of Stovrhouse Plant Pests. It is easily applied, either with a small brush or vaporiser; is instant destruction to both insects and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. In Bottles, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s., and 10s.; Half-gallon, 21s.; One Gallon, 42s. each. ELLIOT'S "SUMMER CLOUD » SHAD- ING, for Greenhouses, Conservatories, Skylights, and all Glass Structures that require Shading Material. In packets, Is, each. EWING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. In Bottles, Is. 6d. and 3s. each ; per gallon, 12s. TOBACCO JUICE, extra strong, specially pre- pared for evaporatiog. lus. 6d, per Gallon. UNEQUALLED DRESSING for LAWNS AXD FOR DESTRUCTION of WEEDS. A trial Tin will prove its efficacy. PRICES : — In Tins, Is., 2s. li,/., As.; am Casks, 8s. tW., 19s., 30». SOLE MANUFACTURERS i CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd., 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists. LEMON OIL INSECTICIDE Kills all Insects; cheap, harmless, easilv Used, Ball < riling by leaps and bounds, owing to its merit. Pints, Is. Id.; qOBTI I, 25. 9a, -, half gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9s. Sr*!* "PUCIIARISMITI: KILLER. During .S-*9 ±2j u„> ye.,r it baa I n before the public it 1ms saved thousands of Bulbs, mde Testimonials. Doubters. Try it ! Half-pints. Is. 6d.; pints, Sf.M.j . vd., and 2s. M, post tree, N.B.— Above three preparat ions fr.mi hied and Nurserymen; or, CLIBRAM, Oldlield Nursery, Altriiichnm and Manchester. THE S T O T T DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with "KILLMRIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices, Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to The " Stott " Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. Agents WflnW -throuehout the Country. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., FamborouRh, Hants. "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial simple pn -fri Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriagi Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, ,tc Used at Few Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, dV., < GLASGOW. "Nothing Succeeds like Success." UTTPUT7C (soluble) XlUlJllILO INSECTICIDE Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and Bird Fanciers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, dleacher, and Cleanser when washing Under Linen. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. (Id. , 4- 4s. fid ; £ gallon 7s. 6d., 1 gallon 1-'- 8d.,oi I -* »u larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, Its .-DD'Icatlon to Plants and Animals. A"^ method for the total de- *"' struction of Insect Pents in Greenhouses. It cannot fail where the houses are secure. No possible injury to the most delicate plant. PRICES— For Frames, &i\, of 50 cubic feet, 6a\ ; 100 feet, 9d. Houses, &c. 500 feet. Iff. ; 1000 feet. Is. 6d. ; 40OO feet, bs. each. Owing lo the enormous demand, intending users should give their .Seedsmen Early Orders to secure a supply. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight. Camellia Scale, Bed Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. ^ DIP DI?M ft ' ' THE UNIVERSAL r 1 V nCil\ Aj INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh. July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I Hud it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 1L'6°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallou at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it. is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or rprav.— I remain, dear sirs, your* truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE," of Messrs. Methveu & Sous. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollowny, Loudon, January 7, lssS. "Gentlemen— I have given yuur Insecti- cide, ' Picrena/ a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything wo have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) li. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. 6rf. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. I^epared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollowuy, London; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. EESON'S MANUR E.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Beporta. Sold In Tina, u„ 2s. «d., bs. «d., and 10s. id. each. or 1 cwt. Hags, sealed, l.'ls. Rv all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BKESON. Carbrook Hone Mills, Sheffield. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thripa, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of softwater; 4 to 18 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to inpenede It, Iloies, Is., 3s., and lus. id. GLS11UUSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, lid. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited!. London. WIRF. BASKETS, WIRE TRELLIS. Conservatories fitted up with Trellis, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c. Maker of the Waddea- donPlantTruck— oneof the most useful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire FenciDg, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaries and Pheasantries Plain or Ornamentally con- structed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works, BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. ARDEN FRAMES, 6x8 lights, 7s. W. each. SPAM FRAMES, 12s. GREENHOUSES, id. per foot. Painted and Glazed. If not approved, money returned. Send Catalogues free. Forty per cent, discount. GARDENER AND CO., «2, Strand, London. W.C. 340 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 15, 1890. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and most approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATING GEAR ahd VALVES. In the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected whereby same may be effected in the course of a few minutes, without the necessity of disturbing the brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, 8LACKFRIARS, LONDON, S.E. Telegraphic Address-"HOT-WATER, London." Telephone, No. 4763. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be tent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 srjuare vards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEORGE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. Established 200 5 ears. Greenhouse Fires. Stoves, &c. 'MALL COKE, remarkably free from Sulphur, 3 delivered in truck loads to any station. For prices, apply, G. .1. EVESON. Coke Contractor. Birmingham. I -K CONWAY C. WARNE / Successor to v (.John MatthewsJ) The PotterieB, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE 'WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials PRICE LISTS FREE. ^HRACITE * V COAL \ The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. HENDREFOR6AN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL.-The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts b.-iug about the si/e of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to any railway station. This coal is ABSOLUTELY SMOKELESS, and it requires much less attention than any other description of fuel, burning for twelve hours at least without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat th in coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, 33, Lime Street, Loudon, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and South- Western districts, from Messrs. G. B. CARTER and SON. Coal Exchange. B.C.; and for the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL AND CO., Coal Merchants. Greenwich. S.E. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade ; also Eetersburg Mats, and Mat Bags. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free. — i and 5. Wormwood Street, E.C. GURDEN REQUISITE S.— IT Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork. Raffia. Mats, Bamboo CaneB, Rustic Work, Manures, Stc. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ^*M"* VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &C. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GTJANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GAREATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED ■ AGENTS WANTED. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. BOULTON PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 74.— THREE-QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all F ames that are made, o ving to the extraheightaudeoiiveniencefornttentiou. Iliey are ldinches high at front, 24 inches 1 igh at, back, and ■ ;-' inches at the ridge, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights art- 2 inches thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilation. They are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft by 6 ft.\ (£2 15 0 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash 4 7 6 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ ( Prices, 6 0 0 4 „ „ IS „ by 6 „ r carriage 1 7 12 6 5 „ „ ^0 ,. by 6 » Paid. 9 5 0 6 „ „ 21 „ by 6 „ j k 10 17 6 CARRIAGE paid to any goo Is station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SBRVATORIEU, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IKON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. " ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply— E. T. RUSSELL and CO.. 6U,\Vharfdale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846, EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, \%d. yard ; 4 yards wide, 3d. yard; or 2 yards wide, 10s. per 100 ; 4 yards wide, 20s. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1 yard wide, 2d. yard ; 2 yards wide, 4d. yard ; 4 yards wide, Sd. yard ; 12 yards w ide, 2s. yard. COTTON NET, nine meshes to square inch, 1J yards wide. Id. yard run. W. CULLINGJORD, 127. Field Road, Forest Gate, London, E. 21-oz. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers'sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Leah, Glass, On., and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthneld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £285,000. Compensation paid, £2.750.000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office:— 64, Cornhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary. OUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESJJ CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for ajl Pupils, a t goo'1 salaries. March 15, 1890.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 341 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. .. £0 .. 0 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 5 „ . 0 3 6 16 6 „ . 0 4 0 17 7 „ . 0 4 6 18 8 „ . 0 5 0 19 9 „ . 0 5 6 20 10 „ . 0 6 0 21 11 „ . 0 6 6 22 13 „ . 0 / 0 23 13 „ . 0 7 6 24 14 „ . 0 8 0 25 .. 0 .. 0 .. o .. 0 .. o .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 .. 0 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columus. the lowest charge will be I If set across three Columns the lowest charge will 1 Page. £8; Half Page. £4 Ills. ; Column. £3. 8 6 9 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 12 6 13 0 13 6 Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d . for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having fetters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MUST reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months, 15s. ; 6 Months. 78. 64. ; 3 Month*. 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 17S. 6d- for 12 Months: India and China. 19s. 6& Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DKURY LANE. W.C , to W. Richards. PcBLisniNO Office and Office for Advertisements, 41. Wellington Street. Strand, London. W.C. THE MUST SUITAULE FOK SHADING- ORCHIDS, FERNS,/^. Palms, and Stove and REENHOTJSE PLANTS. trong, durable Col Netting, belt than ^y,v ^ class of Minding, r^\ ^r and may be beneh- *ANo / cally used on account of V,/^ tlieUuCKiiessof Us texture, ng cold weather, to keep tha frost out. The leadng Orchid and Plant Growers l£ in try I, .v.- used this material V-^» f lor sonic years, and speak very highly / of it. pronouncing it to be the very best al for Plants llicy have ever used. BUnds made up and fixed comi tte. Bold in pieces, 30 Tarda long by 1} yard wide. Pr,.-e 1 U. earl,. Samples submit l~l crntis. B S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, N. direct but admitting the greatest amount of light attain- able through shading. C H EAP FRAM E S, PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart iu a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in Knglnnd, ready glazed and painted: — £ s. d. 6 feet long, 3 feet wide ( \ 2 0 0 6 feet „ 4 feet „ Packing 2 10 0 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 4 Cases V 4 7 6 6 feet „ 5 feet „ FREE. 3 10 0 12 feet „ 5 feet „ { J 5 17 6 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers. Royal Horticultural Works. Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent — Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, kc, 2, Holloway Road, N. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ■ six for is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 35.; three for tis. Send Carte or Cabi net and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO., L'9, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. I FLORISTS and OTHERS.— About 260 yards . HOT-WATER PIPING, with lar»e TERMINAL SADDLE BOILER and Fittings; four SPAN GREENHOUSES, 50 feet by 12 feet. Sold cheap to clear. 214, Adelaide Road, Swiss Cottage. Now Ready. Demy Svo. Cloth. With an Atlas of Illustrations. £1 10s. THE CULTIVATED ORANGES and LEMONS, &c. of India and Ceylon, with Researches into their Origin and the Derivation of Iheir Names, and other Useful Information. Bv G. BOSAVIA, M.D. W. H. ALLEN and CO., 13, Waterloo Place, S.W. Now Ready. Price 6d. "OUR HARDY FRUI TS." A Practical Guide to their Cultivation. For Landowners, Tenant Farmers, Cottagers, and Allotment Holders. By B R I A N W Y N N E. F R.H.S., Editor of the Gardening World. EYRE AND SPOTTISWOOHE. Sale Office for Government Publications, East Harding Street. Loudon, E.C. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. HIOH-CIASS KITCHEN GARDENING. A Handy Manual for the Improved Cultivation of all Vegetable*. By William Earllv, Author of " How to Grow Mushroom-*," "How to Gro.v A-p.uMjrus," &c, &c. Crowu 8vo, with Coloured Frontispiece. Price is. 6d. \fRS. LOUDON'S LADIES' COMPANION ILL to the FLOWER GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Management and Adornment of Gardens of every size. A New Edition. Fcap. cloth. Price Is. N GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. By Rev. o. Fisiikr. Fourth Edition. Price Is. HOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. A. popular explanation oi the best Method of Culture. By William Kaulkv. Price I*. -' HOW TO G R O W MUSHROO M S. By William Eaklky. Price U. stitched. XD CO., P, Bouverie O ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for A ll ertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1791. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for r.-i-r, ■[,..■ and distribution plans mil particulars of Estate*, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Hooks, and other Property advertised in the Columus of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The " WOBOBSTEB HERALD is the most effective organ for giving publicity to anno i n omenta ol tins clans. It is the leading Agricultural Paper In the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Manage* I, ind :ill having Farms to Let would do well to advertia the ' WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Bpe ially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Fanners. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is recog^lised as a spcciallv g>«,d in hum Cheap Rates. Apply for terms, ' is V p i> c ;.■ n-*'ce Id. Oman :— 73, high street, Worcester. To Market Gardeners. ADVERTISER DESIRES PARTNERSHIP in well-established. Paving business, where his services and, say £300, would meet with a icasonab'e return.- State particulars, in confidence, to 11. .1.. Gardener? Chronicle Ollice, 11. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a HEAD WORKING GARDENER, married, no children, for place in country, dU miles from London. Must thoroughly understand his business. Wife to undertake Laundry with help, and Small Dairy. Wages for both ,'los. a week. Cottage, coals, vegetables, milk, and all laundry requisites.— Mrs. IIAIU'I.AY, Whitney Wood, Stevenage. WANTED, a practical Working Nursery GARDENER, well up in Management of Roses, Tomatos, Chrysanthemums, 8cv. Married Man, whose Wife could Manage Fl, rist Shop. —JOHN SALLAWAY, Accountant, 24, Jury Street, Warwick. WANTED, I. MM 1.1 HAT I.I. Y.anond WORK- ING FOREMAN, experienced in Plant Growing. Cut Flowers a specialty. Also a Yuung -MAN, to Assist in Propa- gating and Growing Palms, hii'luins, Ferns, &c. — State age, wages, and references to W. TRUl'UHTON, Nurseryman, Preston. WANTED, an energetic and thoroughly competent FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, princi- pally Soft-wooded Stuff for Plants and Cut Flowers. Married man preferred. — Any one can apply with confidence, with wages and references, to HORTUS, Messrs. Cooper, Taber & Co.. Seed Merchants, 90, Soulhwark Street. London, S.E. WANTED, a young Man, as PROPA- GATOR, in a Market Nursery. Must be well up in Ficus, Dractenas, Crotons, Poinsettias, Ferns, and Soft-wooded Stuff. Referen.es required.— J. WILLIAMS, 33a, Turner Road, Lee, Blackheath. WANTED, in a Small Nursery, an experi- enced MAN, for Tomatos, Cucumbers, Carnations, Soft-wooded Plants, and Cut Bloom. Must be used to Market Work.— References, experience, and wages, toMr.McMARTIN, Highfield Nursery, Feltham. ANTED, a COACHMAN and GAR- DENER, who can Milk.— Apply, Belle House, Hayes, Middlesex. WANTED, a young MAN, accustomed to Market Work under Glass.— Apply, giving full parti- culars, age and wages required. — L., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, IMPROVER, in Market Nursery, under Glass, with some experience among Ferns and Chrysanthemums. Must be quick and active.— STROUD BROS.. Oakleigh Road, Whetstone. WANTED, a MAN, to work about 4 Acres of Nursery Ground, with assistance. Must be quick, and able to Propagate Shrubs, &c— JOHN REEVE, Florist, Acton, W. WANTED, young MAN, for Houses, accus- tomed to Potting, &c. State experience, and wages wanted.- THOMSON and CO., The Nurseries, Spark Hill. Birmingham. _ WANTED, a LAD, that has been accus- tomed to work under Glass in a Market Nursery. Age about 16.— Send particulars and wages asked to MARSHALL, BROS. AND CO., liarnhani, Hognor. Gardeners. WANTED, FIVE or SIX good, steady MEN, for Jobbing; Abstainers preferred. — Apply, Monday, the 17th, to A. BRAY, Floral Halt, Richmond, Surrey. Jobbing Gardeners. WANTED, good HANDS at Creeper Train- ing. Window Box Work, &c —Apply, ROBERT GREEN'S Floral Establishment, Crawford Street, Bryanston Square, W., any morning before 10 o'clock. ANTED, a young LAD, about 17, to Work in the Houses and lake turn with Fires. A good opportunity for a respectable Lad to Learn the Trade. Low wages, no bothy.— C. WORSLEY, Head Gaidener, Ayot, St. Lawrence. Welwyn, Hens, \\/ANTED, for Kitchen Garden and Pleasure T T Ground, MAN, not under 22, one accustomed to Scythe and Machine, and to take his turn at Fires. Strong and active, and must be well recommended. 16*. per week, bothy, &c. — k. CLARKE, Gardener, Cannon Hall. Barnsley, Yorks. ANTED, a SHOPMAN, young and of good address. Must be a quick pushing Retail Hand, a good Salesman, and experienced in the Floral, Seed, and Nur- sery Trade.— f , ill particulars to EDWIN HILLIER, Nursery, Seed, and floral Depot, Winchester. Florist. WANTED, a young PERSON, immediately. Experienced in Decorative and other branches ui a Florist's Shop. —MAIZE, Notting Hill Conservatory, LadbrOOXe Grove, W. WANTED, a young MAN, in Eruit and Florist's Shop. Mot be thoroughly expert in Bouquets, Wreathe, Cross, s, and Floral Designs; of good address, and, first-class Salesman. References.— D. J., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, as FURNISHER, a young Man, accustomed to Loudon work,— Musi be-atea.iy, and able to produce good te>tia.onia]s as to character, aDility, &c. Permanent employment.— JA.MES HKOMWICH, U5, ttuckiug- bam Palace Road, 3.W. WANTED, a Young MAN, conversant with Railway and Carriers1 Charges, as Forwarding and Packing Clerk in a Nurseryman's Establishment, where Packages of Tries, Plants, Bulbs. Sec, nre handled in large quantities*. — Apply, stating particulars of previous engage- ments, give reierenee. and say age and salary expected to F. C., Gardeners' Chronicle Ollice, -,1, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, Strand. W.C. WANTED, a MAN, not over 30, to Stoke, look after Horse, and do Carting. Must liave been employed iu Nursery or Garden before. Wages £1 Is. Permanent place to a suitable mau.— Apply, Cumberland Park Nursery, Willesden Junction. WANTED, a HANDY MAN, who can do Carpentering, Painting, &c, and rill up his time in Gardens. Permanent place to a suitable man.— AYL1NU, Forty Hill, Enfield. WANTED, TWO young LADIES, for a Florist and Fruiterer's Business, good at Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, and Sprays. — W. T. JA.MKS AND CO., Covent Oardei, House, A hove li.ir. Sout harnptoii . WANTED, a young LADY, to take charge of Flower Department in Largo Provincial Town. Must be good hand at making up.— W. DuNMAN, 7, Calberiuo Street Strand, W.C. 342 TEE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [March 15, 1890. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mb. Walteb C. Gunthorpe, for the past two years Foreman at Priory Lodge, Hampstead, and previously in the service of the Royal Gardens, Kew, as Gardener to Lady Kelly, Shrublands, Earley, Reading. Mr. G. Jones, late Foreman at Childwickbury, St. Albans, as Head Gardener to Sir A. Gooch, Bart., Benacre Hall, Wrentham, Suffolk. Mr. A. McDonald, as Head Gardener to J. H. Dabby, Esq., Pen-y-Garth, Wrexham, North Wales. Mr. H. S. Beney, as Gardener to the Rev. D. Barclay Bevan, Courtlands, Tunbridge Wells. Mr. James Shaw, until recently Foreman at Welbeck Abbey Gardens, as Head Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Fbancis Clinton Hope, Deepdene, Dorking, Mr. Burnett, the former Gardener, having resigned the post and emigrated to California. Mr. C. Simmons, of Easnye Gardens, Ware, as Gardener to B. L. Barrow, Esq., Sydnope Hall, Matlock, Derbyshire. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Paste Restante " to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. POSTAL ORDEBS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, VJiUKl LANE, to IK KICHARDS. as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is immsnble to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. „ „ .... . . N.B —The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters. &e. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are alway3 in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical al their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address-" DICKSONS, Chester. GARDENER (Head) ; age 31, single.— J. AMYS, Gardener to the Hon. Mrs. Eliot loke, Hamble Cliff. Southampton, can with confidence recommend his late Foreman, G. Dovey, as above. Address, Burley, Ringwood, Hants. . GARDENER (Head); age 32.— H. Swift, for three and a half years Gardener to the late C. A. Nicholson, Esq., Balrath Hurry, Kells. co. Meath. is open to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a good, all round Gardener, thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establishment. GARDENER (Head), Scotch; for nearly 10 years Head Gardener to Sir H. D. Ingilby, Bart., Ripley Castle, Yorkshire, is open to engage with any Noble- man or Gentleman requiring the services of a hrst-class Gardener. Twenty-four years as Head in England and hcol- land. Highest references.— J. STEEDMAN, Ripley Castle. (1 ARDENER (Head) ; age 34, married, one T child.— W. HOWARD, Esq., The Grove, Tedd.ngtcn, would be pleased to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener in all branches. Highest references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred.— G. A. B., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), or Working ; age 46.— £3 will be given to any person procuring Advertiser a permanent situation. First-class references.— G. B., 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), or Working. — Age 46; thirty years' experience in first-class Gardens. Excellent references. Wife Dairy and Poultry if required.— BAGG, Highfield Road, Chertsey, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married, three children; thoroughly practical in all branches; nineteen years' experience. Good reference.— HEAD GARDENER, Winsley Hurst, Ripley, Yorkshire. HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and first-class character.— THOS. BUTCHER. Seed Merchant, Croydon. I C H A R D SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications fro n Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be ab e to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymeu and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors. Agents, and others requiring the eervicesof GARDENERS, FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIF19. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34; thoroughly experienced.— HEAD GARDENER, Cowesfield House, Salisbury. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept.— Age 40, married ; thoroughly practical, and with gooi references.— J. T., 8, West Street, East. Grinstead. CS ARDENER (Head), where two or three \JT others are kept.— Understands Vines, Peaches, Nec- tarines, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove, Greenhouse, Kitchen and Flower Gardens.— H. COX, Piercefield, Chepstow. ARDENER (Head).— £5 will be paid any- one securing Advertiser a good situation. Well up in all branches.— 0. C, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. —Age 29; thoroughly competent in all branches. Highly recommended. Three years' good character. — T. R. S., Ockley Court, Dorking. ARDENER (Head). -Age 37, married, three children ; twenty years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Over ten years Head. Knowledge of Land and Stock. Good recom- mendations.—T. COYSH, Hillmorton Road, Rugby. ARDENER (Head). — Age 38, married; thoroughly understands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables ; Land aud Stock if required. Eighteen years' experience; six years' reference.— P., Jubilee Cottage, Hadham, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, no family; fifteen years' practical experience in good places. Excellent testimonials, F., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. '_ GARDENER' (Head Working).— Married, no family ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good personal character. Six years in present place.— 7, Roberts Gardens, Highley Manor, Balcombe, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working.) — Age 32, married, four children; thoroughly understands the Management of a good Garden. Nearly five years' good charac- ter.—Rose Cottage, Falfield, R. S. P., Gloucestershire. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 36, married ; eighteen years' experience in all branches of Gardening. Can be well recommended. — T. E, Potter's Cottages. Eenhill Street, Sutton, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married.no family; seventeen years' experience in all branches of the profession. Four years as Head. Highly recommended. Left through death.— H. MUSTOW, lel- lington, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30.— Life experience in Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Fruits, Flowers, Orchids, &c Kitchen Gardens, and Pleasure Grounds. Six and a half years' reference from a Gentleman in London.— J. H., 23, Upcerne Road, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up iu Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, &c. Fir»t-class references from past and present employers.— Abstainer.— F. LANE, Alma Road, Reigate, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept.— Age 30 ; seeks engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of the business. Character will bear strictest investigation. — JOHN CONNOLLY, Dartrey, co. Monaghan, Ireland. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman. Lady, or Gentle- man requiring a thoroughly competent man in Orchids, Vines, Ferns, Stove Plants of all kinds. Early and Late Forcing ; good Kitchen Gardener; good reference ; abstainer. — E. D., The Gardener, The Old House, Betchworth, Surrey. C> ARDENER (Head Working).— II. Gil- X BERT, late Head Gardener to Sir M. W. Ridley, Bart , Blagdon, Hull, Northumberland, is open to treat with any Lady or Gentleman, requiring a good all round man. First- class Testimonials.— H. GILBERT, 121, Denmark Road, Cam- nerwell, S.E. /GARDENER (Head Working); age 33, VJT married.— R. CallagHAN, for the past six years Head Gardener to G. Burt, Esq.. J.P., Purbeck House, Swanage. is open to treat with anv Lady or Gentleman requiring the ser- vices of a thorough, practical, all-rouud Gardener; excellent testimonials from past and present employers.— Address as above. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).— Age 32, married, no encumbrance ; three years' excellent character.— F. F., Swiss Cottage, Lee, Hfracombe. GARDENER (Head, or Single-handed).— Age 35, married ; steady, industrious. Good character. Twenty years' experience with Glass, Fruit. Flowers, and Vegetables.— W. G., Lawn Cottage, Rochford, Essex. GARDENER (Head), or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— Age 46, married ; well up in Stove, Green- house, Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Gardening. Good character. — W. RAYMOND, Maidenhead. Berks. GARDENER (Head Working) ; Age 28.— C. J. WAITE, Glenhurst Gardens, Esher, will be pleased to very highly recommend his present Foreman, T. Lucas, who has been with him three years, also three years Foreman at Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, and several years at Longford Castle, Salisbury, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical and reliable man. ARDENER (Head Working), or good SECOND.— Age 31, married, no family; thoroughly ex- perienced in Vines, Stove, &c. Good testimonials. — RIVERS, 23, Charlton Road/llarlesdon, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working), or good FOREMAN ; age 30.— S. A. JAMES, Coed Coch. Abergele, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman as above. Three and a half years' character. GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where one or more are kept. — Age 29, single ; good character from present and previous employers.— F.METHERELL, Wykehurst Gardens, Hayward's Heath. Sussex. GARDENER (Plain).— Age 32 ; understands Cows, Pigs, Poultry. Wife as Caretaker, or any place of trust. Eight years' good character. Please state wages. — TIBBLES, 40, May Grove Road, Kilburn, N.W. GARDENER, where help is given, or good SINGLE-HANDED.— Age 28, married ; three and a half years' good characcer. Leaving through death.— J. R., Court Lodge, Knockholt, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where two are kept. —Age 29, single; good charaacter, present and previous. — H. SNOOK, Wykehurst Park, Hayward's Heath, Sussex. GARDENER (Single-handed), or with assistance.— Age 34, married ; nine years' good character. Lease expired cause of leaving.— W. D., Arraodene, Mill Hill, London, N.W. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 25, single ; good experience in general routine of Gardening. Six years' good character from present situation.— J. F., 151, Beresford Street, Camber- well, jsVE. _^__ / A ARDENER (Single-handed) ; age 25, S.JT single.— J. MlLSOM, Gardener to the Right Hon. Sir Harry Verney, Bart., Claydon Park, Winslow, Bucks, will be pleased to recommend a reliable energetic man as above. Good character. Five years' experience. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second , where four are kept.— Age 27, single; ten years' good character.— E. M., The Brambles, Iver Heath, Bucks. GARDENER (Second). — Age 23 ; nine years' experience; three years in last place; good references.— A. N., 7, Anerley Vale, Upper Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (Second), in a good place.— Age 26, single ; good experience Inside and Out. Ab- stainer. — Address, stating wages, with bothy, H. C.j Mr. Grover, Boxmoor, Herts. GARDENER (Second), where not less than four are kept.— A. e 25 ; nine years' experience. Inside and Out. Personal character.— WM. COMBER, TheChestnuts, Denmark Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Second). — Age 27, marned_ when suited ; thoroughly competent in all branches. Wife thorough Laundress if preferred. Good character.— Q., 21, Abinger Road West, New Cross, S.E. GARDENER (Second), where three or, four are kept.— Experienced Inside and Out. Well recom- mended. Eight years in present situation.— J., 2, Holdernesse Road, Upper Tooting. GARDENER (Under), or small Single- handed. —Age 23; several years' experience; good character.— A. W., 20, St. John's Terrace, Clay Hill, Enfield. GARDENER (Under), or Second in bothy. Age 20; six years' experience Indoors and Out. — J. WIGLEY, Condover, Salop. ___ GARDENER (Under), and Assist Indoors. — Good character. Abstainer.— S. HAYV7ARD, Knole Hill View, Jackson's Road, Bromley Common, Kent. ARDENER (Under).— Age 22; is highly recommended. — H. PRESTNEY, Hollydale, Keston, Kent. GARDENER (Under). — Young ; willing. Would not mind doing a little General Work. — W. HIGGS, 29. Burgoyue Road, Stockwell, S.W. GARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; five years' Inside and Out. Good character.— J. CARTER, Cler- mont Gardens, Watton, Norfolk. GARDENER (Under), in any district. — Age 21, single; good character.— GEO. DIGBY, Aylmerton Rectory, Roughton, Norfolk. GARDENER (Under), Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 23; seven years' experience in good situa- tions. Good characters.— W. SMITH, The Gardens, Broomfield Hall, Morley, Derby. Maech 15, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 343 GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; experienced Inside and Out. Four years' good character.— E. R., Effingham Nursery, Lee. S.E. GARDENER (Under), Inside or Inside and Out.— Age 20 ; two and a half years in present place. — P. B.. 20, Upper Square, Isleworth. ARDENER (Under); age 24.— Adver- TI5ER can highly recommend a young Man as above; has been under him four and a half years. Inside and Out preferred.— R. GIBBENS, Chalet, Lindfield, Sussex. ARDEXER (Under).— Age 18 ; Scotch. Two years' good character. Bothy preferred. — \VM. McCREATH, Whitecairn, Barrhill, Ayrshire, Scotland. FOREMAN (General), or MANAGER, in a Market Nursery, or v,ith Gentleman, to Grow for Market. — Thirty years' practical experence. — E. H., Mr. Chapman, Oatlands Park Nursery. Weybridge. FOREMAN. — Age 25; ten years' experience in Large Establishments. Two and a half years in last situation. Good testimonials. — W. G., Pipewell, Kettering. To Market Gardeners. F( (REMAN.— Well up in Cucumbers, Tomatos, Mushrooms, and General Market Work. Twenty years' experience -W. H., The Firs, Lambley, Notts. FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 27 : fourteen years' practical experence in all branches of Gardening. Highly recommended. — H. WEEKS, Garden Cottage, Pul- borough. Sussex. FOREMAN. — Age 20, single ; eleven years' experience Inside and Out. Five and a half years' good character from late emplover. — M. J., ;3, Upcerne Road, Chelsea. S.W. FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 24.— Mr. Huntlev. Powia Castle Gardens, Welshpool, w recommend G. Jones as above. Nine years' experience, three in present situation. OKEMAN, in the Houses.— Age 28; fourteen years' experience in Fruit and Plants, Orchids, ftc. Early and Late Forcing.— A. BULL, The Gardens. JJlankney Hall. Lincoln. FOREMAN, in pood Establishment ; age 27 —Mr. K. Potter. St, Clare Gardens, Kemsing, Seven oaks. wishes to recommend hi* Foreman to Buy Gardene requiring a trustworthy man. Twelve years' experience. pOREMAN; age 27.— Mr. Hbrrin, Drop- i more, Maidenhead, wishes to recommend ■ young man as abjve. Tnree years in present sita it ion. Thoroughly trust worthy and experienced. Tj\)REMAN, in gi od Establishment.— Age 2\i>. \y 23; ms years' experience. Two years'.in present rituation, Total abstainer.— A, COLE, JThe Gardens, Halstead Place, Seres oaks. Ki-nt . F OKEMAN or Second, in a good establish- ment—Age 25; thirteen years' experiei Inside and Out. Good character.— U. i;> 'I»\1VN. Mr,. Weaver, Pusey, Faringdon, Berks. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOl i:MA MAN, Age 21; nine years' experience in good Gardens, Firat- class references. Steady, sober, energetic. — J. G., 40, Seaton Street, ( helsea, S.W. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PUoPAOATOR.— Age 30, marnc.1; experienced In Plants and Cut Flowei also I lucumbers, Tomatos, Grapes, &c. Four yeurs' character. \V. JOHNSTON, .1. Church Street, Stretford, Manchester. ANAGER,PROPAGATOR,and GROWER, in Good Nuraery ; twenty years' experience, Coniferre, Clematis, Rhododendrons, Tea Bases, Genistas, Cyclamen, Tree Carnations, Bouvardias. Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Tomatos, Fruits, Cut Flowers, Marketable Plants generally. — FLoKAL, 41, Wellington street. Strand, W.O. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and OROWER.-Ap- 34; well up in Pelargoniums, Bou- vardias, G.-uistas, ImiiM.' Primulas, Cinerarias, Carnations, Cyclamens, Solatium*. Firus, Ferns, ,1c— It. II.. Gaidenerl' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. R USE PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Married; well up Inside and Out. Fifteen years' expe- .1 LMES LOVELESS, :'. si. Thomas Hill, Canterbury. MARKET GROWER and PROPAGATOR. Choice Fruit, Mushrooms. Ru.es, Ferns, and all Flo-vcr- ing Market Stuff for Cut Bloom and Pot Work. Twenty years' London practice. Good Salesman. — X., Brockman's. Bit Dov RO S E-O R O W E R. — Age 39, married; thoroughly experienced in Forcing for Market purposes. Successfal Propagator, Budder, and Grafter. Good references. —J. 0. H. 2«, Lower Glen Vue. East (irin-tead. Sussex. GA ROWER of Cucumbers for Market. — Age X 19; five years' practical experience. Good character. — H. EDWARDS, Newtown, Liphook, Hants. ORCHID GROWER.— Age 26; thoroughly understands big work; well recommended. Two and a half years' good character from present situation.— W. E., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ROWER (Assistant).— Age 24 ; Softwooded and Stove Stuff. Seven years' experience. Wreaths, Crosses, &c. Good references.— H. B. Mill Cottage, Barnham, near Bognor, Sussex. JOURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 24 ; eight years' experience. Good recom- mendation from present employer.— A. TROTT, Titsey Garden, Limpsfield, Surrej. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, age 21 ; excellent character from present and previous places. Total abstainer — M. G., The Gardens, Liudlesham House, Wokingham, Berks. JOURNEYMAN, or Second in the Houses.— Age 21 ; cau be highly recommended by present employer. Two years in present situation.— THUS. COGGAN, Revesby Abbey Gardens, Boston, Lincolnshire. OURNEYMAN (First), in a Gentleman's Establishment. — Age 23; eight years' practical experi- ence in large places. Good character from present and previous employers. — C. CLAXSON, The Gardens, South Weald, Brentwood, Essex. J~ OURNEYMAN, Indoors.— Age 21; active and industrious. Seven years' experience; able to make Floral Arrangements.— F, S..9J, Leman Street, E. JOURNEYMAN in Houses, good establish- ment.— Age 21; seven years* exp-rience. Good recom- mendation.— G. E. C, Ashford Carbonell, Ludlow, Salop. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience. — Mr. Jaquks, Waddesdon, Aylesbury, can strongly recommend a young man as above. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 26 ; ten veara' experience. Can be well recommended. — H. W., 1, Lee Raad, Fairfield. Beckeoham, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 2l~; Bix years' experience ; three and a half in present pi aca —J. PINCENT, The Gardens. Catton Park, Norwich. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20; five yeart' experience; two years in present situation.— H. AMOR, The Gardens. Lockerley Hall. Romsey. J OURNEY'MAN, in the Houses, under a Fore- man, in a good Establishment - Age 24; seven years' experience; four years" good character —J. KAKK, The Gardens, Goodrich Court. Rose. JOURNEYMAN, Insido, in a good establish- ment, near London preferred.— Age 24 ; well up in Pro- pagating, rotting. Watering. &c. Eleven years' experience. Good character.— J. J. ASQUTTH, Newark Road, Croydon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— w. sri row, Che Gardens, Silverlanda, Cnertsey, Surrey, can vi-ry highly recommend a young man. Four y cellent character.— Apply as above. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 2'2 ; six vears experience. Can be well recom- mended.—C. LATHAM, the Gardens, Packingtoo Hall, Coventry. J~ OURNEYMAN, in a Private Establishment. — Age I:-'; three vears in pre. cut place. Good references. — T. ROBINSON, The Mr.-ct. Gardens, Chorley, Lancashire. OURNEYMAN, under a Foreman; age 21.— II. PabROTT, Wood End Gardens, Chichester, recom- mends a strong, active, >"ung man as above. Seven years' experience ; two and a half years in present place. Jul liXEYMAN, lns.,1,-. -Age 20; A strong active young man desires situation as above. Four years' experience. Well recommended.— J. MILSOM, Claydon Park, Wmslow, Ducks. OURNEYMAN, in a good Establishment.— Age 19; five years' experience. Excellent character from previous employers. Bothy preferred,— H. A.. bawis Dunbar, Nurseryman, Heme] Hemp-stead. JOURNEYMAN. — Any Gardener requiring the services of a good and reliable Journeyman could be suited by applying to Mr. O. HACK, Cholmondeley Castle Gardens, Maipas. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 18; three year?*' experience, Inside and Out. Can bs well recommend.-'d.— E. BROOKES, Colon Hall Gardens, Bridg- north, Salop. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out; age 23.— A. Grant, The Vineries. Willingham, Cambs., can thoroughly recommend a young man as above. Two and a half years in present place, liothy preferred. To Gardeners. J OURNEY'MAN, in the Houses in a Gentle- man's Establishment. —Age 2L' ; well up in all branches. Four years' excellent character from last place— JOHN SHER- LOCK. 4. Bright Street. Hndford. Notts. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in a good establishment.— Age '21 ; abstainer. Excellent character from previous and pre ent employers as to abilities. — Please Btate wages with Bothy, to S. PRESTON, Bodorgan Gardens, Llangefni, Anglesea. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second where two or three are kept. — Age 18 ; has had good experience. Can be highly recommended. Six and a half years in present situation.— F. CURTIS, The Gardens, Oldown, AJmondsbury, Glos. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden — J- Age 20; five years' good character.— F. SIMMONDS, Chithurst, nenr Petersfield, Hants. IMPROVER, Indoors.— Age 22; Abstainer; Potting. Watering, Tying and General Indoor Work.— R. B., a, Queen's Road. Wickham Lane, Welling, Kent. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three years' good character. Abstainer.— R. HILL, Hawley, Farnborough. Hants. TMPROVER; age 18.— Wanted, to place a ■A. strong Lad for two or three years in a good Girdening Establishment as above; a premium will be paid Good character. — W. C, 1, Albert's Cottages, Linkrield Koad , Isleworth. rpO MARKET NURSERY-MEN.— A practical X. middle-aged Gardener seeks permanent or temporary employment in a Market Nursery near London. ;First-class Grower of Fruit and Flowers. Highest references.— G., Mr. Shorter, Irkdale. Forty Hill, Enfield. Middlesex. rVO NURSERYMEN, — Situation wanted, X age 24; nine years in London Market Nurseries. Well up in Kose Growing, Grafting, and the General Routine of Market Work.— W. B., 5, Harvey's Cottages, Highcross Road, Tottenham, Middlesex. TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young Man seeks a situation ; six years' experience in Tomatos, Cucumbers, and Grapes. Good references.— R. GROVE. Am- well Street, Hoddesdon, Herts. Tii NURSERYMAN. Age 25; thoroghly well up in Raising and Growing Ferns, Palms, ud all Soft-wooded Plants. Forcing and GrowiugTomatos, Cucumbers, and Mushrooms. Nine years' experience, good character. — A. J., 25, Rectory Road. Stoke Newington, N. rrO GARDENERS, &o.— Youth (age 16) X. seeks situation in Nursery or Gentlemnn's Garden. Has eighteen months' experience. Excellent reference. — F. 8AUNDER3, Worlon House, Steeple Aston. Oxon. "T^O NURSERYMEN. — Wanted a situation, JL used to Growing Soft-wooded Stuff, quick at Potting, Slc. ; age 23; twelvemonths last situation. Good character. — B. C, ,'S, Oveiton Terrace, Ashl.urulmm Road, Hastings. TO HEAD GARDENERS. — Advertiseb seeks employment in the Garden or Pie isure Grounds ; eighteen month*' character; age 19; can be well recommended. — w. OODOABD, Compton, Guildford, Surrey. OITUA.TION WANTED, by a young man, in O the Houses. —Well up in Cultivation of Plants and FlOWerS for Market; nine years' experience. — H. SMITH, Station Road, King's Norton, Birmingham. To (IKNTI-EMEN, &c— A Jrouth; (age 17) Seeks a situation iii a Gentleman's Garden; strong, active, and willing. Bothy preferred. Good character.— .1. H . (iardtnen Chronicle OHiee. 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. AQ-ENTLEMAN is desirous of placing his SON (on leaving school), where he would have good opportunities of guining a practical knowledge of the various* branches of Horticulture ami Landscape Gardening. A Premium proportionate to the advantages offered would not be objected to. -Apply, by letter, to W. W. P., Claremont, Chelmsford. To GARDENERS.— Wanted/by a respectable -1. youth, a situation under a Gardener, Good character. — R. B.. Copthorne, near Crawley, Sussex. ASSIST in Garden Work, and have the oare of one., r two Horses.— Ago 21 ; good character ; total abate r. -W. ORB A.VES, Chapel Yard, Heacbam, Norfolk. SHOPMAN (FIkad), or otherwise, town or country. — Age 34, married ; thorough knowledge of the Trad.' in all' branches.— LARES, E, Rouse, «4, Culford Koad, Kingiland, N. Slit H'.M A \.— About 2iJ, used to Retail Seeds, Plants. Sundries, Trade.— State experience. Salary re- quired to HAMPTON, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.O. SHOPMAN (Assistant).— Age 24.— Good knowledge of Farm and Garden Seeds, Plants, and General Nursery Stock.— ASTER, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. 'T'O FLORISTS.— A young Lady, age 24, JL seeks situation. Good references, and experienced in ail its branches.— E. T., 629, High Road, Chiswick, London. HOLLOW AY'S PILLS. — Indigestion and Liver Complaints.— The digestion cannot be long or seriously disordered without the derangement being perceptible on the countenance. These Pills prevent both unpleasant con- sequences ; they improve the appetite, and with the increase of desire for food they augment the powers of digestion nnd assimilation in the stomach. Holloway's Pills deals most satisfactorily with deranged or diseased conditions of the many organs engaged in extracting nourishment for our bodies from our various diets— as the liver, stomach, and bowels, over all of which theyexercise the most salutary control. By resorting at an early age of this malady to these purifying und laxative Pills, the dyspeptic is speedily restored to health and strength, and his sallowness gradually vanishes. 344 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mahch 15, 18C0. Are used by the leading Horticulturists and largest Nurseries in the World, and acknowledged by nil to be the lightest, strongest, best coloured, most perfect shaped and finished pots ever manufactured. MARKET POTS, Or Long Toms, are largely used by Market Growers— they are made a greater depth, wider at bottom, and save half an inch in width at top over ordinary pots. Have no rims. VINE POTS Are used by the leading Vine Growers throughout the king- dom, and pronounced unequalled for Vine Culture. CHRYSANTHEMUM POTS. Considerably deeper than ordinary— very broad at bottom, almoit upright in shape ; do not blow over when outside, like narrow-bottomed pots; give maximum amount of r om for nutriment at roots of plants. CLEMATIS POTS. OPINION.—" Your pots are light and strong, first-class colour, shape, and finish. The 'Clematis Pots' gave unqualified satisfaction to ourselves and customers."— Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. OPINION.- " We beg to say that we are highly satisfied - with your Garden Pots; they are well made, light, yet strong, and we like them better than any others we have ever used. "—Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, Worcester. "The Flower Pots you have largely supplied us with are light, strong, and well made, and in every resjwct highlysatisfactory."- Messrs. Dicksons. Ltd.. Chester. " For nearly thirty years 1 have been using your liarden Pots and still find them the best and cheapest."— Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. " We have always found your Pots highly satisfactory. Great improvements last few years in them."— Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Samples and Prices free. Carriage and breakage free on £10. Half carriage on £i. Specialty Orchid Pans and Pots. SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. JAS. BOYD & SONS, Horticultural Builders PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for wanning Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3a. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Dofflo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actions of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, and Benjamin Edgington, Limited, riaintiffs, v. Osman & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Perpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words " Frigi Domo " as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington & Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. benjami]Tedcincton" (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S pahJtREHTHAM BOILER Makers of HOT- WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, and APPARATUS erected complete by HOT WATER, HOT-AIR, &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE. STAFF. HOS. W. ROBINS Dennis Park Ironworks. Stourbridge. 0 N, Exp 4-in. Socket Hot-water Illustrated revised h BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES, &c, 5 feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs. 12s. 64. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of wire, id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs, 8s. Qd. each. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, 6 feet high, eight wrought bars, ^ inch diameter, 4s. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER, 8 feet high, 5 feet span, 9s. 6d. per yard. WALL F.TTINGS, Raidisseurs, one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 fpet apart, bd. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks, 3 fpet high. Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high, Is. 9d. each; 6 feet high. 3s. Gd. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES. Japanned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3d. per dozen ; 3 fept 6 inches high, 4s. &d. per dozen; 4 fppt high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS, 18 inches wide, in 6 fi*pt lengths, 2s. 3rf.each ; ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS, 5s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 8s. 6d. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE. W.C. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEV HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, iMD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCINC, HURDLES, CATES, &c. «£^». IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. tl^%€ Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Hoofing, 8cc. Personal Survpys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put down. Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. ^^2^.Ba?5^£ Ageot.lryManche3to-JOK.HEvwooD. Established No. 169.— Vol. VII. / Third \ \ Seeies. / SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d. ^ \ Post-Free, 3Ji/. CONTENTS. Aotus graeillima 364 Law :— Apiary, the 35% Redely fie & Co. a. Belgian notes 363 Phillips :'ii- Berlin letter 363 Van Geert, A. v. J. Books:— Carter at Co. ::■- Fallow and Fodder Obituary : — 363 Marshall, J. ... 360 How to Know Onuses Odontoglossum Watti: by the Leaves 363 Science and Scientists 3*3 Orchid-houses .. Botanists, index of .'M2 Bulb-mit-, the 360 Cultural memoranda ... i >r hi, is at Messrs. Laing's Cuttings ... ,, list of garden (Lie- D.ffodil. Sir Watkin ... lias) Daphne cuprum 36.5 Pbalsenopsis Harrietttex ;■.-,.; Empiricism or ratiou- Plagiolirion Horsmanii... :..,.; Plant shelters BuchariH an Plants and their culture Ferns, achat al out 363 Potato planting :.| Florists' flowers .. 356 Quassia an. I Flower gardi - Ranunculus, the... r ruits under gins. 859 Shrubberies t. udening appointments Societies: — Gardeners' Orphan Fund Chiswicll Gardener-*'... ftftfl Grapes of Bschol 363 Edinburgh Boh ul . Hall fur horticulture 861 hfanchesler Hardy fruit garden Horticultural Club Roynl Horticultural ... ■ , : 300 Scilly Bulb Iris Siudjarenals ... .'Ml Thallctrum minus .':,;,; Jephson Gardens, Leam- te products in ington, view in Adrianople Kew notes Ml Veitch, J. & Son's, nur- Kitchen garden ... • -•TV :::.s Lffllia glauca Zygopelalutn White! ... 31 1 ILLU8TR ATION8. Bulb mite, the In. Bindjercnsu Jephson Hardens, Leamil view in the Ludia glauca ' mUE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE J- IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is St. 30 for Twelve Months, Agent for America:— K.H.LIIHIY. Manager. "The American Garden, " in. Spruce street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. A C K, ROYAL BO T A NIC S 0 0 I E T Y, Gardens, Regent's Park. N.W. FIRST EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNES- DAY NEXT, March 86. Gates open at 2 o'clock. Band from 2.30 to 5.30. Tickets to be obtained at the Gardens only by vouchers from Fellows of the Society, price 2s. 6d. each. R Y S T A L PAL SATURDAY. March 79. ANNUAL EXHIBITION of SPRING FLOWERS and PLANTS. Entries to be sent not later than Saturday. March 22. Schedules on application to Mr. W. G. HEAD, Superin- tendent, Gardens Department, Crystal Palace, S.E. LEICESTER ABBEY PARE FLOWER show and GALA. TUESDAY, August 5. For Schedules and particulars, apply to — JNO. BURN, Hon. Sec, Abbey Park. CLAY CROSS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The ANNUAL SHOW of the above will be held on TUES- DAY, August la. En trn-s close August i. For Schedules apply to GEO. LAMB. Clay Cross, i liesti rfleld. IRMINGIIAM CHRYSANTHEMUM EXHIBITION, NOVEMBER 12 and 13, 1890. TWO HUNDRED and FIFTY POUNDS ottered in PRIZES, including the following: -is cut blooms, 24 Incurred, and 34 Japa .distinct, 1st prize, £30; 2nd, £15; 3rd, £10; in.. £>; 5th. £3; ;,..d 6tb, £.'. Group of Chrysanthemums in a space not exceeding 80 square feet. 1st prize, £10; 2nd. IV,; 3rd. £i ; and 4th. £1. For other prizes equally liberal, including Grapes, &c. see Schedule, ready shortly, und to be had post free on application to — ■i HUGHES. Secretary, North wood Villas, Metcbley Lane, Harborne, Birmingham. New Chrysanthemums for 1890 FAMES CARTER AND CO. have one of the f largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal - iled Warrants. 237 and 338, Ilnoi Holhorn, London, W.C. FERNS in THUMBS, Extra good lot of Pteris Tremula and P. C. Crestata to offer at 12s. per 100, cash with order.— R. PENGELLY. Dyson's Lane. Edmonton. Notice of Removal. ACATTANEO, Salesman and Commission • AGENT for Choice Flowers, Forced Fruit and Vege i in- 1 i- removed to more extensive Premise, at 37. CATHERINE si REST, Covent Garden, W C, where all Coniinunications should be Addressed. Ci i VENT GARDEN MARKET.— .'. B, THOMAS baring acquired adjoining promises held by the late Mr. Black, is in u better | w commanu .jui.'l, s.tl-- al Highest Market Prices for all Funcy and Forced Fruits, fto. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NlKsKKVMKX. Sidcup, and 2S5, 288, 287, 288, Flower Market, Oorent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CI T H.iiWERSin any quantity for their Commission Dsjpartmeiit. lloies and Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address—" COMMISSION. SU.i ICE ." f^UT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS Vy Received and Sold m dally ni theCovent Garden of the North, by WM. BULMAN, Produce Auctl ier, '. Tviie. BULMAN, Newcestle-on-Tyne." JW. BARNHAM (late of Squelch & • Burnham) RECEIVES ON COMMISSION. GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRD1TS; also FLOWERS. His personal attention uring highesl Market Prices, Accounl pi on Baskets and lal i Long Market. Covent 0 rden. W.O, Cll' Hi 'i: h [.oweks CHOICE FRUIT.— Highesl Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, i i.i Garden, W.C. Eatabllahed 15 Years. RnHEHTS ijijiis., Wiiolesau Florists. 31, Catherine Street, Covenl Garden, v>.<\ pleased to receive for Sale on Commission. Consignments ol really Choice Cul FLOWERS, FRUIT, and other ; Every detail promptly and sin. II, attended to. Bankers— London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address -"BOUVARDIA, London." WANTED, l ; EKAX I CM CCTTINOS, Marshals. Emperor of Russia, Crystal Pain • ileui, Tricolors, Madame Voucher, Niphetos, ate. Quantity and price to .,. PHII'I'EN, Nurservi.i m. Reading. ANTED IMMEDIATELY, 1000 VESU- VIUS GERANIUMS, from Stoves or Boxes. Send sample and price In CLARK am, . Bedford Street, North Shields WANTED, l.arg.- PA E.MS, DHAC.-ENAS, CROTONS. ASPEDISTRAS. AZALEAS. ASPARA- GUS TENUISSI.MUS. and A. PLUMOSUS NANUS, for Cash or EXCHANGE. — Apply, MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane. Hammersmith, W. WA N T E D, Abutilon Thompsonii ll.-pl., Rouvardia Vulcan, Calceolaria Invincible, Cain. limits ; Carnations Mdlle. Carle, The Governor, Louisa Ashburton; Achimenes Harry Williams ; Daisies (Hen and Chickens)' Fuchsias \l. .,.,.,■ Hanks, Mrs. Bennett, Prince Alfred, Crown Prince of Prussia; Petunia Spitfire ; ColeusVille ,le Dijon Mimulus Brilliant; Tropteolums Hemline Grasshoff, John Mi.-. Ball of Fire, Vesuvius. Constantine, The Moor, Triompl.e de Gand, Canariense Imp.; Pa'byphytum t.rncteiHiini. l,v-, machia nnmmularia nurea, Pancratium Caribba-uui ; also Lily of the Valley, from nld beds. H. CANNELL and SONS. Swanley, Kent. WANTED, CAKDENEKS' CM 111 »NI( '|,E, Vols, for isil. 1858 to 1874, or each of them, and any coloured Plates of the same Periodical.— G. MILLER .11 Bedford Place, W.C. QUTTON'S IMPROVED TELEGRAPH ^J CUCUMBER. —This popular variety maintains its position as the finest type of Telegraph Cucumber in cultivation. It is quick in growth, handsome, with very small neck, and unusu- ally prolific. Valuable for exhibition purposes, and has taken numerous First Prizes at leading shows. We know of no Cucumber more suitable for general use. Mr. F. G. Seruan, Icombe. says:— "The very best Cucumber I It ive ever grown, both for productiveness and excellent flavour." Price of seed. Is. 6d. and lis. frf. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. RCIIIDS. — The largest Stock of good healthy established Plants in Europe. Many beautifu' things always in llower. An inspection is invited. WILLIAM BULL. F.L.S., Establishment lor New nud Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London. S.W. THORNS, QUICKS, Great Reduction.— 12 to 18 inches. 7». Sot per 1000; 1J to 2 feet, 10s. per 1000; 2 to 2| feet, 12>. per 1000; 2 to 3 feet, 14s. per 1000; :i to I feet. In-, per 1000; Special by 50,000 and 100,000, GAELICS MITCHELL, Nurseryman, Stranraer. C LIBRA NS DWARF H.P.ROSES.— Always gmw well; roots being splendid. Named, distinct, and lovely, St. per do/..; 45s. per 100, free. Lovely TEAS, best sorts, in pot,. Is.. p,.r do/en. Stronger for forcing, 2s. tM. and St. Bo*, each, CATALOGUE, 160 pages, three stamps. clihr in. oidii. i.i Nursery, Altriuchnm and Manchester. LIETZE, Rio de Janeiro, PALM SEEDS, ■ ORCHIDS. NEW CALADIUMS.— Apply for CATA- LOG! I to Messrs. ADOI.l'il v. ESSEN AND CO., 73, Or. Belt uenal raese, Hamburg, Germany. 3-inch CHDR SALE, 1(1,000 GENISTAS, JL pots, at 7s. per 100; 250 Store-pots. Into (0 Cuttii well roots I, In t Ini b p its, Bl per score. Cash with order T. BALDWIN amis, in, Edith Nursery, Burcbull Ro.id, Leytou. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many s./es, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KIMiUORN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey and Flower Market. I'ovctit Garden, W.C. Covert for Game. E VEIN. KEEN PRIVET, good bnshv, .'{ to 1 reet, lOt, per 1 ; 4 to 5 feet. GOf. per 1000; make cover at once. HORNBEAM, strong,.! to .". feet ., Tills, per 1000; make ■ hedge at o BEECH, strong and bushy. •) to 3 feet. :.'. per I, .11 R. TUCKER, The Nurseries, Furin'gdon, STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3£-inoh pota, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send tor LIST. " FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. \TICTORIA PLUMS, FARLEIGH V DAMSONS, feathered trees, 45s. and 60s. per 100. PLUM STOCKS, trimmed ready for quartering, .'Ills, and 40s. per 1000. STANDARD CHERRIES, very tine trees, £6 per 100. OVAL-LEAVED PRIVET, from 12s. per 100. WILL TAYLER, Osborn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. O THE TRADE.— JERUSALEM ARTI- CHOKES, and STACHYS TUBERIFERA, a fine stock grown by ourselves. Lowest price on application to — JAMES CARTER AND CO.. 237 and 233, High Holborn, London, W.C. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery ami Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels. N.B LAWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" (Patent) has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent " NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN and COLDWELL, M'f'o Co.. 223. Upter Thames Street, London. EC. See also Advertisement on outside back cover page. 346 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 22, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Thursday, April 17. SPECIAL SALE .if OBCHIDS in FLOWER ami BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Buil will take place at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, on THURSDAY, April 17. and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS for this Sale will PLEASE SEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Thursday Next. March 27. Valuable ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in FLOWER and BUD. MR. ,T. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C.. on THURSDAY NEXT, March 11. at half-past 12 o'Clock precisely, a fine COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, many in Flower and Bud, includiug some fine specimens and varieties, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. 10,000 grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM and many other LILIES from Japan, in splendid condition, also PEARL TUBEROSES, from America, TR.RIDIAS. &c„ &e. MR. J. C. STEVENS will include the above in his SALE by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W. O., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 27. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next, March 26. 10U0 Standard, Half-Standard, Dwarf, and Climbing ROSES. from one of the most successful English growers, including most of the best show varieties of Teas, Noisettes, Hybrid Perpetuals, and others, together with some of the very newest sorts in cultivation; a consignment A/A LEA MOLLIS and BEGONIAS from Ghent. Also Pyramid, Standard, and Dwarf trained FRUIT TREES, in large quantity Hardy Ornamental SHRUBS, EVERGREENS, and CONIFERS, BORDER PLANTS, a fine collect ion ; LILIUM AURATUM, PEARL TUBEROSES. GLADIOLI, and many other BULBS and ROOTS. MR. J. 0. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, March 2(5, at half- past 12 o'clock precisely. Oni ;of Sale, and Catalog i had. Monday Next. Various LILIES, from Japan; a large assortment of English- •rown LILIES and hardy BULBS, atin H\brid GLADIOLI. American PEARL, TUBEROSES. BEGONIAS. GLOX- INIAS, TIGRIDIAS. 300 CALLA ALBA MACUXATA. GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, &c. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at Ihj Central Rooms, 87 and 08. Cheapside. London. E. C. , .m .MONDAY NEXT, March 21, at halt-past 12 o'clock. Wednesday Next. 1200 LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM KRffiTZERI, 1050 L. SPECI- OSl.'M 10 BRUM, and a large a-snri ul oi V, s LILIES from Japan, ISO AZ1LEA MOLLIS. RHODO- DENDRONS, 40.000 LILY OF THE VALLEY. German Crowns; HERBACEOUS PLANTS, Standard and Du.nf ROSES, Greenhouse and Stove FERNS, PALMS, and other DECORATIVE PLANTS. MESSRS. I'ROTHEROE and MORRIS will ]}L SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 07 and lis, CI psnle, London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY, March 20, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. 400 Standard, Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS. CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES, RHODODENDRONS. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms. 38 and 39, Ciracecliurih Street, E.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, March 27, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 ynd 68, Cheapside, E.C. Asc t. CLEARANCE SALEof a Portion of the well-grow n NURSERY STOCK, by order of Messrs. John Standish & Co., the land M being required for other purposes. [ESS US. PUOTIIUROE and MOURIS ai _ instructed to SELL by AUCTION on the Premises, the Royal Nurseries, Ascot, about 1 mile from the Ascot Railway Station, on THURSDAY, March .27. at 12 o'clock precisely, a Portion of the well-grown NURSERY STOCK growing on that part of the land being required to be cleared, including 32 000 Conifers. 1 to 6 feet, many of them good specimens, suitable for effective planting; 1300 Flowering Shrubs in variely; 15H0 Aucuba japonica, 2000 Box. L'nUO Perberis, 3000 Greeii'a'nd Vanegalcd Hollies hOili.l Austrian, Weymouth, and other Pines; 7uini Laurels of sorts, 2000 White, Purple, and Persian Lilacs; 500 White Broom. 1500 oval-leaved Privet, 200 named Rhododendrons, well budded ; .",n: 0 Standard Orna- mental Trees, large specimen Tea Roses in pots, 200 good Flowering Plants of Erica Wilmoreana, and other Stock. May be viewed. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers. Valuers, and Estate Agents, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday Next. -Splendid Importation, CATTLEYA MOSSIiE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander, St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 28, at half-past 12 o'clock, a splendid importation of this, one of the finest of CATTLEYAS. The Consignment is in splendid condition, and extra large masses among them, one having over 400 bulbs. On viewr morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CYPRIPEDIUM SPECIES. MESSRS. PROTIIEROE and MORRIS are instructed by Mr. F. Sander to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March .28, at half-past 12 o'clock, a splendid species of CYPRIPEDIUM. one of which is in bloom, and resembles C. Rcebeleni or C. hjevigat.uni. It is particularly bright and beautiful, and the best ever seen of the section ; it is most elegant. On view morning of Sale, aud Catalogues had. Friday Next. GREAT TRADE ORCHID SALE.— WITHOUT RESERVE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are . instructed by Mr. F. Sander, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, March 28, at half-past 12o'Clock, a grand lot of showy and most useful ORCHIDS for cutting aud decorative purposes, in large and small lots to suit all buyers, and abso- lutely without the least reserve, and we warrant that all plants offered not being in bloom have not flowered in Europe. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday, April 1st. SPECIAL SALE.— ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEUOE AND MORRIS de- sire to announce that their NEXT SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above for which they will be GLAD To RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Sale of Nursery Stock from Sample MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS desire to announce that their NEXT SALE as above, w ill take place at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C, on THURSDAY, Aprils. Morton's Nurseries, Mowden, Darlington. To NURSERYMEN, SEEDSMEN, FLORISTS, and OTHERS interested ill the Horticultural Trade. MESSRS. THOMAS WATSON and SON, iVL Auctioneers, will SELL by AUCTION, at the Darling- ton Auction Hall, Northumberland Street, Darlington, on TUESDAY. March 25, 1890, at half-past 7 o'clock in the evening precisely, subject to such Conditions as will be then read, all that VALUABLE OLD-ESTABLISHED NURSERY, about Two Acres in extent, known as and being the Mowden Nurseries, in the occupation of Mr. T. B. Morton, the world- famed Chrysanthemum grower, and situate about lj miles from the Market Place in Darlington aforesaid, with the MESSUAGE or DWELLING-HOUSE, STABLE. CART-SHED, BUILDINGS, and GLASS-HOUSES erected thereon. \ iz. :— Iron-framed Chrysanthemum-house. 17 feet by 22. and 13 feet high; Iron-framed House, 52 feet by 12, with Propagating- houre, 12 feet square at end. and 40 feet of heated Irames at side; Wood-framed House, 52 feet by 12, in three divisions; Wood-framed House, 30 feet by 15; Wool-framed House, 40 feet by 11; Iron-framed House, 45 feet by 12; aud Wood- framed House, 21 feet by 12. Six of the Houses are built on brick and concrete bases, and are of modem aud unique on- struetion, and glazed with large squares. The Houses are heated by two powerful boilers, and about 1,900 feet of 3 and 4-inch piping. The Nursery is well stocked with fruit trees, and is situate in close proximity to the Cocker Beck, from which a constant supply of water is obtained by means of an American pump, connected with which is a tank estimate,! to hold 500 gallons. The Messuage or Dwelling-house contains on the ground floor two Sitting-rooms, Kitchen, and Small Room (the latter used as an office) ; on the first floor five good Bedrooms, appro iched by front and back staircases. Adjoining i large Loft over. The Property may be viewed, aud further information and particulars may be obtained, on application to the Auc- tioneers; Mr. T. I! MORTON; Mr. J.T. HALL. 11. High Row, Darlington; Mr. GEO. WEBSTER, Solicitor, lloiin.lgate, Darlington; or, WILKES AND WILKES, Solicitors, .Middles- brough anil Darlington. Market Place, Darlington, March 6. 1890. Florist and Seed Business. TO BE SOLD, as a going concern, the above, in a fashionable South-coast watering place. Incoming, £100, includes stock. Fittings, &c. Address A. S., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C 'THE BENEFICIAL LEASE FOR SALE, -L One of the best Grape and Tomato Establishments on the South Coast. For particulars, apply to— W. UN WIN, Fruit Salesman, Covent Garden Market. client 3-stalled Stable and C irHhcd, East Retford, Notts. TO BE SOLO, by Private Treaty, a first-class NURSERY (glass only), consisting of 6000 square feet, in full working order. A splendid opportunity for a good man. Retford is within a short distance ol Newark, Sheffield, Don- caster, Leeds, Bradford, and Lincoln Markets.— For full particu- lars, apply. F. W, HODSON, Groveleigh Nurseries, Retford. F~OR~SALE, Freehold COTTAGE, 6 rooms, 1 acre of Garden. Outbuilding, good Common right. Price £180. Apply on the premises, D. BATCHELOUR, High House, Guildford. To r- urserymen, Florists, and Others. FOR IMMEDIATE DISPOSAL, the Lease and Stock of a good NURSERY, FLORIST, and JOBBING BUSINESS, situate in oneof the bestSuburbau Districts, about 9 miles from Covent Garden Market, main road ; no opposition. Includes good Dwelling-house, Rose, Camellia. Tomato. Cu- cumber, and other Houses, Pits, Sheds, &c, all well heated aud Stocked with Tomatos, Bedding Plants, Ferns, and Stove and Greenhouse Plants. Sure fortune for an energetic man with a small amount of Capital. Should be seen at once. Price low. Address. FLORIST, Gardtners' Chronicle Oilice, 41, Wel- lington Street, Strand, W.C. E'OR SALE, Privately, a NURSERY, con- taining ten Houses, all heated with Hot-water, and well stocked with all kinds of Plants. For price, apply Silver Hall Nursery, Twickenham Road, Isleworth. To Gardeners, &c. TO LET, a well established NURSERY. Good Jobbing connection, with or without Florist's Shop, in main thoroughfare. Price £100. Apply, on Premises, Wavorloy Nursery, Waverley Place, St. John's Wood, N.W. rPO LET, a well-established NURSERY, about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine tondition, situated near a large city. — Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. Ponder's End, Middlesex (8J Mlies from London). rrO BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and i- Arable LAND, on Lease for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £8 to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. AND G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, Middlesex. ORCHIDS THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are offering a fine lot of newly imported Dendrobiuni Wardia- Dum Lowii, D. Brymerianum (true long-bulbed variety), and many other fine Dendrobes and Orchids, also as immense stock of Established Orchids. LISTS with Trices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. To the Trade. FERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most saleable sorts— ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, POLYPO- DIUMS, C'YRTOMIUMS. UTERIS, &c..at 12s. per 100. packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CRISTATA, few other kinds from stores, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH, Loudon Fern Nurseries, 140, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. rpO THE TRADE.— LOBELIA, Brighton J- Blue (true), Ss. per 100; DAHLIAS, Constance, Guiding Star. Jaurczi, 2s. per dozen. 15s. per 100; GERANIUM E. V. Raspail, 8s. per 100 ; HELIOTROPE, 7s. per 100. Packing free, for cash with order. WILLIAMS, Aldrington Nurseries. Weit Brighton. <^EED POTATOS. — Any rail in London. O Bruce, 85s. ; Myatt's, 40s. ; Beauty of Hebron, 55». ; Best of All, 65s. ; Early Regents, 60s. ; Reading Giant, 80s. ; aud every sort cheap. Low rates for quantity. I will not be undersold by any respectable firm. WM. WHITEHEAD COUSINS, Covent Garden, W.C. Trial Grounds, Cliffe-at-Hoo, Kent. Hardy, Herbaceous, and Alpine Plants. PAUL and SON'S New Descriptive CATA- LOGUE, ready at Cheshunt. The " Old " Nurseries. Cheshunt, N. GLOBE ARTICHOKE SUCKERS for Sale. Price and sample on application to PARROTT BROS., Manor Nursery, Normandy, Guildford. To Nurserymen and Others. >>AAA CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS ')UUu from 3 to 5 inches long (Boule de Neige), tlowws from November to end of January. Pure white. Is. Jjd. pec dozen, or 7s. per 100. Apply, T. SMITH, Florist, Mitcham Road, Tooting Graveney. To Market Growers. SELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General Seed CATALOGUE. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. ROSES. ROSES. THE BEST and CHEAPEST in the World. 10 acres of Roses. 100, 0OU grand plants to select froir. All have been kept moved back, and will plant now with safety. 50 choice Perpetuals, lie *orts, 21s. ; 20 choice Standards, 20 sorts, 21s. ; 20 choice Half-standards. 20 sorts, 12s. tit/. The following are all carriage free:— 24 choice Dwarf Teas and Noisettes, 12s. Qd.; 12 choice Climbing, tis. ; 12 best Hybrid Perpetuals, Dwarfs, 7s. ; 12 beautiful Teas and Noisettes, 9s ; tj lovely yellow Roses, 4s. 6rf. ; 6 Marechal Niels, 4s. &i. ; 6 Gloire de Dijons, 4s. ; fi choice Moss Roses, 3s. Qd, ; 6 old Cabbage Roses, 3s. 6d. ; 6 Old-fashioned Roses, '.is, 6d. ; 6 crim- son Monthly Roses, 3s. ; ti pink Monthly Roses, 2s. &d. ; 6 white Monthly Roses, 3s. ; 6 quick-growing Climbing Rose?, 2s. OBERT NEAL begs to call the attention X\> of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, &c, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, ana having been grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. To the Trade. CHOICE VEGETABLE SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE'S Special Priced LIST • of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises all the best varieties under cultivation of 1S89 growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing E-tablishment, Wisbech. (AAA FLOWERING BULBS of Galanthus JA7V/V/ Elwesii, Chionodoxa Lucillio? or Chionodoxa Sardensis, are offered for 12 francs by FRANZ SOHLOSSER, Nurseryman and Florist. Smyrna, Asia Minor. Orders not later than the end of the month of April. Special Cheap Offer. WILLIAM BARRON and SON, Landscape Gardeners and Nurserymen, offer the following special bargains ; — NAMED RHODODENDRONS, all the best varieties grown in loam, fine healthy plants, 1£ to 2 feet high, most kinds well set with bloom bud. 27s. perdoz., £y per 100. ARIES MENZIESI, 3 to 4 feet, 35s. per 100. CUPRESSUS LAWSONIANA, 7 to 8 feet, extra transplanted, 40s. per dozen. „ „ ERECTA VIRIDIS. Is} to 2 feet. 30s. per 100. „ „ GRACILIS PENDULA (the finest form of a green Lawsoniana), 4 to 5 feet, 21s. per dozen. PICEA NOBILIS, 1 to 1J feet, 30s. per 100; l1 to 2 feet, 40s. per 100. PINUS AUSTRIACA, 1 to ls> feet, 20s. per 1000 ; lj to 2 feet, 30s. per 1000. ,, LARICIO, 9 to 12 inch., 35s. per 1000; 12 to 15 inch., 45s. per 1000. FOREST TREES and QUICKS of all sizes, very cheap. The finest Collection of Hardy EVERGREEN TREES in the Midland Counties. Plans and Estimates furnished for the Improvement of Public and Private Parks or Gardens. Descriptive CATALOGUES on application. Elvaston Nurseries. Borrowash. Derby. CHARMING HARDY FLOAVERS. — For plenty of bloom plant Antirrhinums, Pentstemons, Phloxes, all named sorts, 3s. 6d. per dozen. OLD FASHIONED FAVOURITES.— Fine Seedling Auriculas, 3s. per doz. Polyanthus, Is. per doz. ; 5s. per 100. Primrose, splendid strain, all colours. Is, per doz. ; 5s. per 100. New LIST, 160 pages, three stamps. CLIBRAN", Oldfield Nursery, Altriucham and Manchester. Mabch 22, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 349 WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAIN OF PRIMULA IS THE BEST, And has secured numerous Gold Medals in Exhibitions both at Home and Abroad. WILLIAMS' ALBA MAGNIFICA. Per packet, Is. 6d. and 2*. M. WILLIAMS' AVALANCHE. Per packet, 2s. 6rl. and os. WILLIAMS' METEOR. Per packet, 2s. 6V. and 3». 6d. WILLIAMS' RUBRO VIOLACEA. Per packet, 2s. 6d. and 3». dd. WILLIAMS' SUPERB BLUE. Per packet, 2s. lit/, and 5s. WILLIAMS' SUPERB RED. Per packet, l.«. M. and 2*. firf. WILLIAMS' SUPERB WHITE. Per packet. Is. (■„/. an.l 2s. Sd. ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE Gratis and Pjst-free on applicition. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victorin and Para Use Nnnerii -. UPPER HOLLOWAT, LONDON, N. SUTTON'S "HALF-GUINEA" COLLECTION ASTERS, Including a Paeket {Mired Colours) of each of the following varieties : — Sutton's Dwarf Bouquet, Sutton's Read- ing Beauty, Dwarf Chrysanthemum- flowered, Dwarf Paeony Perfection, Dwarf Victoria, Sutton's Giant French, Sutton's Tall Victoria, Crown-flowered, Quilled Victoria, and German Globe. POST-FREE for 10 6. " The Asters were the admiration of all who saw them." Sir. JOHN CASTLE, Gai denei to His Grace (he lint, oi Northumberland. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON S SONS.REAOING. VEITCHS SUPERB PRIMULAS, THE FINEST IN CULTIVATION. Awarded a Special Certificate by the Royal Horticultural Society for superior quality. VEITCHS " SNOWFLAKE." The finest pure white Fern-leaved variety. Flowers large, of line form, massive snl.st.mce, and exquisitely fringed. per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S chelsea SCARLET. The brightest and richest of all the high-coloured varicl lea Per Packet, 2s. 6d. VEITCH'S CHELSEA ROSE. A pretty and attractive variety, of a charming rose-pink colour. Per Packet, 3s. 6d. VEITCH'S SUPERB MIXED. lir beautiful strains in mixed coin Per Packet, 2s. 6d. " Veit.ir- Primulas are distinguished by purity, softness of colour, great substance of blooms, ind in Jaouan 31, 1889. For full descriptions of Vie aboil S CA1 ILOGVE, i rto trdsd Gratis and Post-free on application. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, s w. HORTICULTURAL E1\[GI]\[EERS KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON. S.W. 350 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN GRASS FORMS BEAUTIFUL VELVET LAWNS IN 8 to 12 WEEKS. Vide Carters' Pamphlet upon the Management of Lawns and Lawn Tennis Grounds, post-free. PRICES— Cafriage Free. Per lb. Per bush. Perpkt. For newly-formed Lawns 1/3 25/- ] -ti For Tennis Grounds . . 1 - 20/- >., ,R j, „ R For repairing old Lawns 1/3 25/- j J/° * < D ROYAI. SEEDSMEN 11Y SEiLEll WARRANTS, 23 7 238 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES and PINKS. CHARLES TURNER'S extensive Collections of the above are now ready for planting out. CATALOGUE free on application. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLOUGH. FOR PLEASURE MD PROFIT. rnl 11"^ Nothing so profitable and easy to grow. ~ r\ \J I I . 74 Acres in stock. See CATALOGUE for simple Instructions and kinds of Trees to suit all soils. D ^N O C O 20 Acre«- l\ \J OCO, Bushes St. per dozen, 60s. per 100. ST Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 15*. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Aores. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12s., 18s., and 24s. per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. VEGE™^RFML0WER' Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER, CLIBRAN'S SE.EI) LIST, Illustrated, 112 pages, free, three s'amps. IIITCDCCTI U0 Iie*' Vegrtal.lesand Flowers, including 111 I CnrOI InU all that is fashionable. Poppies, Oail- lardias. &c. Chhrau'sTotnatois the Best. Try it I Is. Sd. and 2s. 6 20 |3 « HARDY BRITISH FERNS. — Numerous varieties: 20 large Rockery Roots, 2j. ; 60, 4s. 6d. ; 100, 81.; 24 lb. Hamper, Botanically named, Carriage paid. Sphagnum Moss, 5s. per Sack.— G. CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal. STANDARD S u ^ktV. ° R Sp cial Prices, with CATA- LOGUES, on application. ROSES. DlCKSONS CHESTER. (Limited., EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED to CULTURE of ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS. The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of 315,000 feet. Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering Plants in variety, Ornamental Eoliaged Plants, Fruit Trees. Grape Vines, Roes, Shrubs, &c. Inspection of tuk Stock Invited. HUGH LOW & CO., CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, and BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pn THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES of Vegetable and Flower Seed: CATALOGUED Penny Packets ; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. Catalogue (500 Illustrations) gratis and post-free. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. "»(. (.OH EOBELIA, Emperor William, 0\J)\J\J\J warranted true from cuttings JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2.t. 6d. per 100, 20.?. per 1000, for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery, Walthamstow, E. Catalogue of Ferns, Fine Foliage Plants, &c. HB. MAY begs to announce that he has just • published his New CATALOGUE of Ferns, Crotons, Dracienas, and other fine Foliage Plants ; also Bouvardias, Tree Carnations, Clematis, Ivies, &e. Free on application. H. B. MAY, Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Edmonton. OUBLE~DEEP DARK CRIMSON PRIM- ROSE (Rare), to be had from Mrs. GREIG, Sunuyside, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire. Stamped correspondence invited. pABRAGE and LETTUCE PLAINTS, \^ Strong Autumn s two. ENFIELD MARKET, 2s. 6rf. per 1000. RED PICKLING, is. per 1000. LETTUCE, Hardjrs, Northern King, Cos, 5s. per 1000. Free on rail, extra plants put in for carriage, Cash. H. I. HARDY, Stour Valley Nurseries. Bures, Suffolk. T HE BIG SALE Embraces General Nursery Stock. RHODODENDRONS, Standards and Dwarfs. AZALEAS. Named and others. ANDROMEDA I'LORIRUNDA. ERICA CAKNEAorHERBACEA. A few fine Trained FRUIT TREES. Hardy EVERGREENS of most kinds. Requirements are solicited. As Everything is Offered at a Reduction. CHARLES NOBLE, Bagshot. pRAND NEW COLEUS, \JT " DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet stiaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pile green. This is without doubt au excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. Hd. each (ready in May). Postand package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN. F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist. Reading. To the Trade. GOLDEN GEM CALCEOLARIAS, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. W. P. MUner CARNATION, in 3-inch pots, 40s. per 100. Old Crimson CLOVE, in .1-incrTpots, 30s. per 100. CHRYSANTHEMUM Souv. d'un Ami, in .'i inch pots, 20s. per 100; Mdrue. Desgrange (rooted cuttings). 10s. per 100. GERANIUM Vesuvius, E. V. Rasp.iil, and Crystal Palace Gem (cuttings), 5s. per 100. HARRISON'S MUSK, stock plants, 4s. per dozen, 25s. per 100.— G. HOLMES, Haxby Road, York. March 22, 1S90.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 351 CANNELL'S B EGO N IAS. Tested by two of the most successful amateur growers in America, side by side with all the European strains, the following are their exact words, which certainly proves that ours are the finest in the world. Mr. H. McCrowe. Gardener to F. S. Mackenzie, Esq . Woodstock, Vt., U.S. America, February 28, 1890. '* I assure yo i the Begonias I got last year from your firm created quite a sensation over here. leaving all others far behind." .Mr. W. E. Ehmcott, Canton, Mast., U.S. America, Feb'xnry, 18?0. "Dear Sir.— I had 100 of your ordinary seedling Begonias last year, and they were very much finer than the German, French, Italian, and Belgium varieties, some of them high priced, and grown in the same house. What, then, must your extra quality seedlings be?" Seeds, best Single, mixed, 2s. 6d. packet ; Double, 6s. Come and see our many Thousands of Seedlings. Send for our ILLUSTRATED DESCRIPTIVE LIST, tbe best and most complete yef la SWANLEY, KENT. SUPERIOR dwarf EVERGREEN LAWN CRASS SEEDS. Thoroughly cleaned and made perfectly free from Weeds. BEST MIXTUBE, excluding Ryegrass, If, 3d. per lb.. 135*. per cut. CHEAPER MIXTURE, including a limited proportion of Ryegrass, 1*. per lb., 105», per «wi. Delivered Free by Rail or Parrel Post, DICKSONS Seed Growers, Nurserymen. &c. CHESTER GE N DINE GARDEN I; K^UISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel. 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2Csidor.. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 8ft. Sins., I2i. doz. SPlit'lALrTK TOBACCO PAPER, IM. per lb., 281b. for 21*. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. per lb... 2S lh. for 2tis. ORCHID PEAT, St. per sack. PEAT. LOAM, SAND MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. - W. HERBERT asp Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South wark Street. London. S.E. FERNS A SPECIALTY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of stove, greenhouse and hardy Terns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Books, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on the cultivation of Ferns. OseShillixg and SIXPENCE, post-free. w. & jTbirkenhead, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. TO ORCHID GROWERS, ETC. Splendid Orchid and other PEATS, selected Hardwood CHAR- COAL, and fine fresh Sphagnum MOSS, SPECIALTIES. Send for complete List of all Garden Sundries. — G.I! RICHARDS, 1. Belv dereCrescent, Lambeth, London, and at Bingwood, Hants. /, \ M3ST EFF.CTIVE I SAF-ST T0BACC3 PA?£3 I "Improved S only Genuine Medicated" I <> per lb. Circui xdicksqns frv^r^n. Chester./' ALL FIBRE » ORCHID PEAT. Splendid Quality- No Waste; Prepared, or in Turves. 1'er sack or cask, lis. 6d. BEST IN ENGLAND. YELLOW LOAM. :> cwt. sack, on rail in London i,or at grounds), 3 6. I n . - livered, R. BEALE & CO., NEW SOUTHGATE, LONDON, X. Oooti u < louuty Oodd< il. GARDEN ryi REQUISITES. ~^ TWO 1'HIZI. MmiLS. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (AU sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE I by Chubb's special process), sacks, l.i lii.. i . lnsacks,17«.a EESON'S MANU RE.— The Best and ■L* Cheapest .Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, ts„ 2s. 6rf„ 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13s. Bv all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. lyATIYE GUANO: Best and Cheapest -L" -Manure for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price 1.1" p.r ton. in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS. VEGETABLES, FRUIT, tcc.—C. Fidlek, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— '• I found your Manure gave very satisfactorv results." C.J, Watte, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says:— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a Hrst rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. Iu the 5 years during which I have freely used it, thavegained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES. TOMATOS, &c. — W. Q. U nil v. Nurseries. Hexley. used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says i " i find it a good and cheap article'." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :-" With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New reet, Blackfriara, London, EC. where Pamphlets of Tesl imonials, &c, may be obi lined. Igents b anted bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. Wyi .v.,„ Hon " Hentl. y'. In-e, t I. i.le is a great Saving 111 COtnpnrisi A.' use it largely, and it never fails to thoroughly ■ pests." Bote., 2s. id., 4 I ! , postage paid. Half Gallons, 5 .; One G illon, 9«. CD be had of the Trade, or the Sole Manufacturer, JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works, Bafrow-on-Humber, HULL. FOR PLANTS. QUICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. Tin. Is a Plant Food of great excellence, carefully prepared with the Tien oi supplying a manure which shall contain nil . I ,.- I'erfe.t i. ii 'if I'liint Life, and at the u me b 0B IN action. LASTING, and ECONOMICAL. r.ilietil s have lieen so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, bermanen i la seoured hy a coiitimianee of noun -liue-n to I lie plant. i' ife iii use, and a hie in i y purpose where b manure i j required. Sold hy Seeds,,!" ' " in 6d. and IB. Packets-, an IS1 ILED B XGS 71b. 14 1b. 28 lb. 551b. 112 1b. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The ,.l»ee Trade M.,rK Is printed rery Packet and Bag. and also impressed on the Li ad Se.,1 attached to the mouth of each Bag. A swim I'acki t will be Ben! po I ! on receipt of Is. by the Mamtaci i i e b S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER FIRM. 352 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [March 22, 1890. APPOINTED BY ROYAL WARRANT HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS TO HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN AND HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MEM" and " MULTUM IN PARVO" LAWN MOWERS. They have been proved to be the Best, and have carried off EVERY HIGHEST PRIZE in all cases of Competition. Every Machine is warranted to r/ive entire satisfaction, otherwise it maybe returned AT ONCE, unconditionally, u'ithout any expense to the Purchaser < THESE MOWERS ARE THE "NE PLUS ULTRA" & "ACME" OF PERFECTION OF ALL LAWN MOWERS EXTANT. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. DOUBLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER To cut 6 inches To cut 8 inches To out 10 inches To out 12 inches To cut 14 inches Can be worked by a Lady. Can be worked by a Lady. Can be worked by a strong Youth. Can be worked by a Man. Price £1 15 0 Price £2 10 0 Price £3 10 0 Price £4 10 0 Prioe £5 10 0 Can be worked by a Man. Packing Cases are charged at the following low rates, viz. :— For the 6, 8, and 10-inch Machines, 3s. each ; 12 and 14-inch, 4.«. Parties are recommended to purchase the Cases in which to keep the Machines when not in use, to prevent them from getting damaged. If returned, two-thirds will be allowed for them. Packing Cases for Export are charged a little extra, as they are made very strong. To cut 16 inches To cut 18 inches To cut 20 inches To cut 22 inches To cut 24 inohes This can be worked by one Man on i By Man and Boy. By Man and Boy. Bv two Men. Price £6 10 0 Price £7 10 0 Price £8 0 0 Price £8 10 0 Price £9 0 0 If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30*. extra. s of. Packing Cases for IB inches, 6s. ; 18 and 20 inches, 6s. ; 22 and 24 inches, 7s. If returned, two-thirds will be allowed for them. For Prices of Donkey, Pony, and Horse Machines, see List. Carriage paid to the Principal Railway Stations in the United Kingdom. SPECIAL.-A FEW TESTIMONIALS OUT OF THOUSANDS RECEIVED. Bathersden, Ashford, Kent, June 14, 1878. Gentlemen,— Your " Silens Messor " Mower, 20-inch, works splendidly. It is a most perfect machine, and beats the old 20-inch one that for so many years did my work without repairs. I recommend your machines, and never see any doing such good work and with so little power. You may refer any- one to me, and I will then show them the S. M. at work, and I shall show it to all lean. I am, yours truly, Messrs. Green & Son. W. H. MOLD. Kintbury, Hungerford. April 20. 1SP3. Sirs,— I shall be glad of a list of your Lawn Mowing Machines priced. I am glad to mention that I bought one o£ your 14- inch machines 22 years ;igo. It has had hard and rough usage every year since, and only on Monday was it put quite out of use by the snapping in two of the driving wheel under the hammer. It is surprising to think of the work it has done, and done well. Yours faithfully, Messrs. Green, Leeds. ALFRED T. BAZETT. Ivy Bank, Broadway, Worcester, April 13, 1884. Gentlemen, — Some fifteen or sixteen years ago, I had from you one of your 13-inch Lawn Mowers which, I may say, has from that day to the present time given perfect satisfaction, and goes as easily, and HoeB its work as well now as it did at first. I have recommended yours as the best machine ever since. I am, yours faithfully, Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. C. FRENCH HARTLEY. Royal Gardens, Windsor, January 28, 1890. To Messrs. Green &Son, Limited. Dear Sirs.— In sending you the enclosed order for Lawn Mowers, I think it may be interesting to you to know that I am still using the Horse Machine you supplied in the year 1856; it is in perfect order even now, which is a proof that the workmanship is first-class, and speaks for itself. As to your "Hand Silens Messor," no Lawn Mowers could give greater satisfaction either to myself or to the men who work them, they are unequalled. During the season I have them in daily use in the Royal Gardens here, and never have the slightest trouble with them. Your machines are also the only ones I have in use at the Private Gardens, Hampton Court Palace; the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park ; Cumberland Lodge, and the Royal Pavilion Grounds, Aldershot. I shall feel a great pleasure in recommending them to all my friends, I remain, dear sirs. Yours very truly, THOMAS JONES. Wellingborough, February 4, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. Gentlemen,— I have sent you our Lawn Mower for repairs, which please have done to it. I have used your machines for 25 years, and I find them more durable and do their work better than any other machines I have seen. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, DAVID PERCIVAL, (Gardener to W. Blott, Esq.). Cottingham, Hull, February 13, 1^90. To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited, Leeds. I am instructed by Arthur Harrison, Esq., of Northgate House, Cottingham, near Hull, who has had one of your 36-inch Horse Mowers in use over 20 years, and ask whether you think it advisable to send it for repair or have a new one, for it is as you may suppose now getting worse for wear. Kindly say per return, and enclose Price. List. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, JOHN BAYNTON. Mr. J. R. STIRLING, of the Royal Gardens, Buckingham Palace, writing under date February 24, 1890. says :— " As regards the work your 42-inch Horse Machine does (which two years ago took the place of the one you supplied in '63), I may say it is kept in constant use here from February until the end of the mowing season, and continues to give the greatest satisfaction. It is the best Machine I know for good work and durability, and your ' Hand Silens Messors' also excel all others. We have no other Lawn Mowers in use here, and I always recommend them to all my friends who inquire about Lawn Mowers.*' OVER 155,000 SOLD. THEY CAN BE HAD OF ALL RESPECTABLE IRONMONGERS AND SEEDSMEN IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, OR DIRECT FROM THE MANUFACTURERS— THOMAS GREEN & SON, Limited, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON, S.E. March 22, 1890.] THE GAR DENE US' CHRON1CLE- 353 DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH, I)EG to offer the following from their J splendid Collection of Choice Named FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c, all guaranteed true to name, and sent Carriage Free at price? quoted : — Per doz. Chrysanthemums.— Strong rooted cuttings from s. d. our line collection of Japanese and Incurved varieties per 100, 153. 2 6 ,, Extra choice sorts per 100. 21s. 3 6 ,, Six superb new Japanese, including Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 7s. id. Fuchsias.— Single and Double-flowered. All the roost beautiful sorts. Nice young plants from single pots 6 for 2s. 3 6 ,, Extra choice sorts 6 for 2s. id. 4 6 ,, Four superb new varieties, including Countess of Aberdeen, 5s. id. Pelargoniums. — All autumn-struck, well-rooted young plants from single pots : — .. Single-fiOWered Zonal, from our magnifi- cent collection, including the newest and most beautiful sorts 6 for 2s. id. 4 8 ,. Extra choice and new varieties ... 6 for 3s. id. 6 U luperb new varieties of 18S9 (Pearson's set), . id. ,. Double-flowered Zonal, a splendid cias* of highly improved varieties. Fine named sorts, our selection 6 for 2s. 6orts, but the cream only of the best English, French, American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good weil-rooted plants, 12 for 2s. ; 25 for 3s. id., warranted true to name ; 12 varieties, all new of 1888 and 1889, for 4s. PANSIES.— A~great Specialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prizes. The cream only of the mo,t noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named, Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s.. 25 for 5s. id., free. Also s'eed. Is. and 2s. id. per pkt. PHLOX, special culture, the cream only from Downie, Laird & Sons, KVl-vay, Ware, and other first- class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s., 12 for 3s., true to name. Strong stools, to blo.m well. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— Strong layers, to bloom well? finest named varieties. 12 distinct colours for 4s., 25 for U. 6d. Also Seed, Is. and 2s. &d. per packet. / CANTERBURY BELLS.— Urand new colours V> and new forms; double and single, telescopes, cup and saucer, and other varieties. 12 plants, to bloom well, Is. 6rf. • 25, 2s. 6rf. Also Seed, id. and Is. per packet, 'THE BEAUTIFUL PUKE WHITE and X PINK MA I.VA HI ISCHAT t le of the best hardy border plants in cultivation. Strong 3-year old plants, 12 for Is. id. ; 2r> for ;.'-.>'.. - ■ . r ]. i I,,-'. OLLYHOCKS.— Warranted all tine double i. Chater's select strain. Strong year-old plants to bloom well. 12 varieties, 3s. ; 6 varietiea, 2>. H POLYANTHUS and PRIMROSE.— Hybrids, splendid mixed colours, tin. -t -train crown, 12 for U.6d.t 25for&. 6&; 100.9s, all good blooming plant*. Also Seed, 6rf. and Is. per packet. YACLNTHUS CAN DICANS.- A really tine in. I -i it.-ly hardy white-flowered border plant. Six flowering Hull.- for Is. .'„/., l.i i, r _. ,-.7. Dl l.l'IIIMI \l- In ill the colours found in thiad rvedlypo] border plants, strong plants to bloom well, 6 for Is. 6-/. ; 12 for 2s. id., free, AKo Seed, id. and Is. per packet. UOXG LOVES. Is. 6d. ; 23 Gloxinia flowered. Dean's large spotted, in ! | are "int.- mriel i s, pet packet. •WEETLY-SCENTEH, IT'KK SNOW- ' WHITE PrXKS. quite har.ly. 12 for Is. «d.. 24 for 2s. id. CARNATIONS, PICO! I . E S, and CLOVES.— Strong year-old plants, from finest varieties only, in- cluding many new sorts; 12 beautiful varieties for 2s. id., C f.,r }■ h /., Mn, |>. UANCY TANSIES.— Unnamed, 12 for Is. 9d.; X 25 for as. ; 100 for ins. All different and first-dans sorts. 'T'HE NEW DOUBLE SCARLET GEUM, 1 hardy free bloomer. strong two year-old plants, 12 fur Is.td., 26 tor at. 6a!. Also 6d. and Is. per paoket. AURICULA (Alpines). A splendid collec- tion. Strong plants to bloom well, most beautiful colours ami sweetly scented, 12 It .".< . 2.">s. fur fts. 6 60!. and Is. per packet. Also 11 RH I LA, the real old in-ii !'■! - r -. M Her, 1 id.; gfor 2 . 1 THREE WHITE GEMS, CAMPAN1 l.\ I- I'KKSlrll'ul.I A. Single White, Double While, and OORONATA, nil quite b 11 1, rivalled for cm Bowers, ; of each for 2s. rpin;i;i: white haimTy beauties X GNAPHALIUM LANATUM, everlasting, last for years afirr being cut. IBEBIS 1 !i IRI 1 1 ILIA, evergreen, and pure white flowers; AQUILEOIA AI.HA, the larg. -t pun. whit.'. 1 each fur Is. &L. 2 each for 2s, id, ' PI 1 \l ATI is. —The best sorts in cnltivation. — X Bee Chiswick Great Tsjmato Tri iL 1-, «£ per dozen. TWO GEMS, PRIMULA CORTUSOIDES X and PlU.MfL.V CASH M Kill VN A. — Gardening papers say it would be difficult to find more beautiful plants for the Borden, or Greenhouse Hum these, 2 each. Is. 6r/. ; 4 each, 2s. id. Also Primula Sieboldi amoena. the Queen of Primulas, Geggie's International l'ri/e, 3 distinct varieties named for i tO HARDY 1 - ]»] PERENNIAL I'.OKDEK •LA NTS (named), distinct and useful for decoration and cutting purposes, for 2s. I') VARIETIES of SHOWY, Free-flowering, 1A and other WINDOW l'LA NTS (named), for 2s. NEW STRAWBERRY, NOBLE (Laxton's). —This is, without doubt, the earliest, handsomest, largest, and best Strawberry in cultivation; 12 fruiting plants for Is. id., 25 for 2s. 6ff., lull for 7s. id. QTRAWBERRY PLANTS.— Selected Crowns O for fruiting this year; British Queen, Pauline, Sabreur, Vicomtesse H. de Thury. link.- of Kdinburgh, King of the Earlics, Sir Harry, Dr. Hogg, President, The Captain, and other new and extra sorts, 3s. per 100. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, BELPER. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free S±d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, in cloth, lis. 6d. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, * Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1S8H. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. TnE SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1890. EMPIRICISM, OR RATIONALISM. (Continued from p. 321). TN continuation of our remarks, it may be said •*- that, admitting that natural indications fail ill a very large proportion of cases, they do not fail us in all. Political geography is, of course, of little or no use to us, but physical geography often yields the most valuable assist- ance. It is not of much consequence to us as cultivators whether a plant comes from Sahara or Sind, from Australian or African deserts, the conditions are the same in both cases. We ma] lure mention a circumstance told us by Mr. Williams on visiting his nursery at Ilolloway recently, and relating to experiences with Heli- conia striata auiea. No one has succeeded with it in a pot, and yet it is a plant of great promise from a decorative point of view, with bright looking, massive foliage, ami of good habit. It had generally been grown in heavy loamy soil principally, and had grown very sparingly, never reaching much more than 1 foot or so in height, and the leaves, which greatly resemble those of a Musa, got brown first at the tips and gradually dwindled away, so that as a decorative subject it was use- less. A friend in the Amazon region wrote to Mr. Williams that the Heliconia grew in humus chiefly, and was found in wet more often than in dry places, by the sides ot streams, &c, and reached a good height. Here was a hint that was quickly made use of by the nurseryman, and with excellent effects. Philodendron Lindeni is another plant of which the above remarks hold good — planted in heavy, sandy soil, it would make leaves about I! inches in diameter, and its stems rambled very moderately. But put into a pot of light stuff, such as is employed for Orchids, and allowed to attach itself by its aerial roots to a conical pillar of the same materials contained within a frame- work of rabbit proof wire, the plant now makes leaves 10 times larger than before, and rambles quite as vigorously as do P. lacerum and P, pertusum when planted out in light mould. S54 TBE GARDENERS' VHRONIGLE. [k&Sdfi £2, 1890. Turning to the indications furnished by the plant itself, we find that the nature of the roots, the presence or absence of pseudobulbs, the forma- tion of winter-buds, the evergreen, or deciduous character of the leaves, their texture, substance, and internal conformation, the characteristics afforded by their pubescence, and a host of other indications, often prove most valuable as guides to the cultivator, as pointed out by Professor Foster, and specially by Mr. Veitch in his classi- cal lectures on Orchids and Orchid cultivation. They are not infallible, it is true, but they are so obvious, that every intelligent gardener acts upon them; but imperfectly, and this for two reasons, one that he does not know enough about them, the other because he does not know how to apply the knowledge he possesses. But let us take another illustration and enquire what are the plants which are likely to thrive out of doors in a town garden , surrounded by manufac- tories, and veiled almost constantly in thick smoke, which is deposited even on the foliage of greenhouse plants like soot ? We have had the opportunity of experimenting in such a garden for several years in succession, and we have a long list of successes and failures. The natural indications show very clearly the reason of the success— we are alluding more par- ticularly to evergreens. In almost all cases the epidermis is thick and glossy, so that the sooty deposit is washed off by the rains ; the chloro- phyll is unusually abundant, so that the leaves, in spite of the relative feebleness of the light, are deep green, and give the plants a degree of vigour n"t possessed by others. German Irises, Carnations, and hardy Bamboos, for reasons that will be obvious to the botanist, also do well. They possess, in fact, those " adaptive characters " which in Nature have relation to the needs of the plant in the struggle for existence. It may be said, with reference to the experi- ments made by us in a town garden, that they were "empirical," that we proceeded tentatively and without reference to a priori considerations. But this is only partly true. We found that Hollies, Ivies, and Aucubas throve relatively well, and hence we deliberately selected plants from Japan, New Zealand, and Chili, possessing similar characteristics, and these plants have mostly succeeded in maintaining themselves, where others less well equipped for the struggle have refused to grow. There are exceptions, it is true. Rhododendrons whose leaf-Btructure would seem to render them suitable for our purpose, refuse to grow ; they dwindle and die, more, as we think, from unsuitable soil than from any other cause. Hypericum calycinum, again, which we hoped might succeed, soon succumbed ; but these failures do not invalidate the statement that the plants have a struggle to maintain under culti- vation, and that, according to the nature of their organisation, they are enabled to hold their own with more or less success, just as is the case in Nature. In cultivation, this struggle, in the opinion of Mr. Dyeb., is " in abeyance altogether." But is not this, again, too absolute P The struggle in which the plants are engaged in tht Royal Gardens, Kew, against the smoke of Brentford, may not be precisely of the same character as that to which the plants were subjected in their native localities; but it is obvious that there is a struggle nevertheless, and a severe one too. It is not, as in Nature it so often is, an internecine conflict between plant and plant, but a resistance to the common enemy. Mr. Dykii throughout his article speaks more from the point of view of the practical gar- dener than from that of the biologist. He is, of course, amply entitled to choose his ground, and would be listened to with respect on which- ever side he happened to plead. For our own part, if we may venture to say so, we should have been better pleased to see him occupying a judicial position in this matter. No one is so competent as he, no less from his personal ability than from his singular command of opportunities, to strike a fair balance between the arguments from empiricism and rationalUm. As it is, we fear the general impression from Mr. Dyer's teaching among the coming race of gardeners, will be that science and research go for nothing in gardening, that experience is everything, and that we shall have the old fallacy about an ounce of fact being of more worth than a ton of theory trotted out, all the more com- placently in that it will be assumed to be sup- ported by the high authority of the Director of the Royal Gardens at Kew. Mr. Dyer himself recognises such a possibility, but, of course, would not assent to any such propo- sition. The gardener, he says, " must know the meaning of what ha is looking at." This, of course, implies some considerable amount of scientific knowledge; without it, how could he interpret a single iota of what be sees ? Mr. Oyer has himself inadvertently furnished us with an excellent illustration of the value of rational knowledge, though he has used it for the opposite purpose. "A knowledge of osteology," says he, " will not enable a man to treat a case of typhoid fever." Of course it will not ; but sup- pose the practitioner to be, as his forefathers were, unaware of the existence of Beyer's glands, he would be equally unable to treat the case rationally. ( >n the other hand, suppose him not only to know of the existence of these structures, but to be aware of their fateful significance as regards typhoid fever, he could then treat that disease on rational principles. The modern prac- titioner does so in fact, and the diminished mortality shows with what good results. In point of fact, it is not science or & priori knowledge that is helpless to us as cultivators, it is ignorance which blocks our road to success ; positive ignorance of what is essential, as well as ignorance of the limitations imposed by Nature. This nescience it is which leads us to make efforts doomed of necessity to be futile, and which we shall cease to make the moment we know better. How shall we combat this ignorance ? For a long time to come, by empirical methods. We shall have no other resource. But, while bowing to necessity, let us not be oblivious that there is a better way to be found, and towards the attain- ment of which every gardener should, according to his means and ability, contribute. The services of the biologist, the traveller, the meteorologist, the chemist, the physicist, should each and all be enlisted and utilised as occasion demands or opportunity offers. Empiricism is at present in many cases our chief or our only resource, but we should only look upon it as a temporary expedient, destined to be superseded gradually but surely by ever increasing know- ledge and ever augmenting power of turning it to account. '1 he essence of successful cultivation lies in the t imely adjustment of the balance between different factors acting under varying circumstances, and operating on diverse structures. This at pre- sent is mostly arrived at by rule of thumb, hap- hazard procedures, or by transmitted experience originally founded on a similar unsatisfactory basis. Much of the garden practice of our predeces- sors was sheer quackery, most of the practice of the present day is of necessity empirical. "We acknowledge the fact, we bow to the inevitable ; but we also recognise the truth, that every real advance in knowledge, however slight, every body of facts, rightly co-ordinated, tends to the overthrow of empiricism, to the consolidation and extension of a rational basis for horticultural practice, and to the extension of our control over plant life. The full attainment of the ideal must be beyond our powers— is Utopian— but every step towards it is a gain which begets others, and the result is not a mill-track circuit, but a real and constant progress. New or Noteworthy Plants. ZYGOPETALUM (BOLLEA) WHITEI, Eolfe, n. tp.* A pretty creamy-white Zygopetalum belonging to the section Bollea has been twice sent by R. B. White, Esq., of Arddarrock, Gairloch Head, Dum- bartonshire, which I fail to identify with any de- scribed species, and for which I therefore propose the above name. It was introduced by Mr. White's collector from New Granada, where it was found growing amongst Cattleya labiata var. Mendeli. Judging from the materials sent, it seems to be a vigorous grower, but whether this arises from its having received the proper treatment, or from a more than usually robust constitution, it would be difficult V, say. The species are generally con- sidered difficult to cultivate successfully for any length of time, but it is to be hoped that this diffi- culty may in time be surmounted, for they are quaint in structure, and their somewhat unusual colours are in several cases very attractive. The creamy-white segments of the present one, and the golden-yellow disc, form an elegant contrast. It stands nearest to B. hemixantha, Kchb. f., which is described as having numerous small warts and styloid processes at the base of the lip. These are absent in the present species. B. A. Eolfe. Odontoglossum Wattianum, Eolfe, n. hyb. ?t This is a very handsome Odontoglossum, though whether a natural hybrid or a distinct species would perhaps be difficult to decide at present. Oa the whole, however, I incline to the former view. It bears so strong a resemblance to one or two natural hybrids which undoubtedly have O. luteo-pur- pureum, Lindl., for one parent, that I cannot help thinking it comes from the same species. The other parent is not so obvious, but from a variety of con- siderations, I think it may have been 0. Lindley- anum, Kchb. f. The lip is stalked, the apex acumi- nate, and the column rather long, all of which charac- * Z'gopettl m(BoK«z)WrAt'iri,Bo:fe,n sp.— Leavesnarrowly cuneateoblaoceolate. acuminate. 10 to 14 ins. long,] J to ly ins. broad. Scapes much shorter than leaves. Bract cucullate, oblong, obtuse, f inth lol,K' Flowers 2} ins. in diameter. Segments liuear-oblong, acute, a little undulate, the lateral sepals broader than the rest; colour creamy-white, with the ad- jac nt halves of the lateral sepals light yellow. Lip broadly cordate-orbicular, the front margin reflexed, and the apex shortly and abruptly acuminate, colour light yellow, with large golden-jellow disc and about fourteen or sixteen indis- tinct keels, but no rugosities of any kind behind. Column J inch broad at base, creamy-white deep golden-yellow at base in front. t Odontoglossum Wattimum, n. hyb.?— P.-eudobulbs ovoid, c mipressed, slightly furrowed, bright green when younj, dull purple-brown with age, diphylloas. Leaves ligulate, acute, J— 1 foot long. Scape (at present) 16 inches long, slightly arching, and with four to five flowers. Flowers 8; inches from tip of dorsal Bepalsto tip of lateral ones. Sepals lanceolate, acute, clear yellow, with large chestnut-brown blotches, smaller towards base. Petals a little smaller, and more acute; spots smaller, and more numerous. Lip broadly oblong, acuminate, crenulate. stalked, the stalk not quite parallel with the column, and the blade but little reflexed; colour creamy- yellow, with a large ovate chestnut-brown blotch above middle, and with numerous small blotches behind ; crest con- sisting' of two large irregularly toothed white keels, with several smaller ones. Column long, creamy-yellow, with red dots in front, wings elongate, acute, slightly toothed telow. B. A. Bolfe. Maecb 22, ISM.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 355 ters would be expected to occur in such a hybrid, and as the two species grow together, such an one was likely to appear sooner or later. On the other hand, there are four or five plants which are said to have the same character, but these may be subdivisions of one original plant, or seedliDgs from the same seed- pod ; otherwise, the fact might be cited as one that told against its hybrid origin. It was imported by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, during 1888, and flowered in December 1839. It is dedicated by request to R. Watt, Esq., of The Briars, Chislehurst. The materials to hand consist of two pseudobulbs, a leaf, a single flower (carefully dried), and an excel- lent sketch with analytical details. I should not like to say that it may not prove a distinct species, as has been supposed, though at present the chances seem against it. I believe a figure will shortly appear in the Rcichenbachia. R. A. Ruffe. Cultural Memoranda. T1IK BALSAM. To grow this fine plant well, seed should now bo sown singly in pots of a light rich compost of sandy loam and leaf-mould, The seeds may be put a quarter of an inch deep, the soil well watered, and then be placed in a mild hotbed. As soon as germi- nation takes place, the pots should be brought near to the glass, air being admitted as liberally as the weather will permit, shifting the plants into larger pots as fast as the roots touch the side in quantity. The potting soil should consist of three parts loam and one part horse-droppings and leaf-mould, and the potting be firmly done. The plants must not suffer from want of water after the roots havi good hold of the fresh soil ; and all flowers should be picked off until within three weeks or a month of the time at which they are desired to be in bloom. Syringe the plants at closing time during growth, and even after that period (July and August), and afford them free ventilation day and night, so as to secure sturdiness, and keep them clear of red- spider. EiuvntF.Mt'M r> LCS This pretty stove plant, with spikes of Phlox-like blue flowers, is one that is easily grown, but much neglected. Cuttings may be taken now, and put singly in 3-inch cutting pott filled with light mould with a surfacing of silver- sand, and placed in a Melon-frame, or any other place where there is a warm and moist temperature of about 70°. When rooted, the points of the shoots may be pinched out twice or thrice, shifting the plants inlo 48'« and 32'a as they require space. These spring-struck plants will be very useful for decoration in autumn and early winter. During the summer the plants may be grown very well in a shallow pit or garden-frame, keeping them close for a few days after each re- potting, and damping them overhead when closing the frame for the day. When the pofs become filled with roots, great injury will be done if the soil should get very dry. //. W. Ward. Baeli Miono If a pinch of Mignonette, of any approved variety be sown at once in a shallow and narrow box, having a few holes in the bottom with pieces of potsherds over them, filled with light mould, and if the seeds be covered slightly, the soil being pressed firmly with a piece of board, and placed in warmth, it will soon germinate. As soon as the plants appear, the box should be put into n house or pit having a night temperature .■I inici.M :iii,|i„. iven ii portion i],.ar to tin- glass. Tin- seedlings should be pricked out into similarly prepared boxes 2 indies apart, before they get crowded, and should he shaded until the rools have taken to the soil, after which they should be gradually hardened off, and be transplanted carefully to a warm border at a space of 15 inches apart. Thus treated they will flower with great abundance, earlier than plants from seeds sown in the open air. H. W. W. Antirbhinums. Although the plants may be usually blooming a year after sowing in July and August, it may by sowing seed in heat at the present time, and pricking off the seedlings, be bloomed by the month of August next. The Tom Thumb strain is a useful one for small beds, and consists of numerous pretty colours. The best of these may be increased by cuttings, struck in a cold frame in the autumn, or in heat in the spring. Although Antirrhinums will flower when grown on the poorest soils, and on old walls, they do so with greater profusion in a soil that is fairly rich, and this is true especially of the majus type. An open, sunny spot, that is well drained, suits them. H. Markham. LIST OF GARDEN ORCHIDS. (Continued from p. 33*0 L.ELI A. (14.) L. gt.auca, Benth., in Journ. Linn. Soc.xviii. (1881), p. 314; Benth. and Hook, f , Gen. Plan!., iii„ p. 534; Orchidophile, 1889, p. 313, with plate, Brattavola glauca. Lindl., Hot. Reg., xxv. (1839), Mite., p. 47 ; Id., xxvi., t. 11; 'Hat. in., 0i . Men. t$ Guat., t. 16; Bot. Mag., t. 4033; Orchidv] 88, 89, with fig. Bletia qlauca, Kchb. f., in Walp., Ann. Bot., v\ (1861), p. 132.— Mexico and Guatemala. Originally sent to England by a Mr. Henchman, from the neighbourhood of Xalapa. Afterwards Haitwegmet with it in the same locality, and sent plants to the Hor- ticultural Society in 1837. Mr.fi. Ore Skinner also found it in Guatemala, growing on Oaks, in company with < Incidium maculatum. (See fig. 52, p. 367 (15.) L. Godldiana, Kchb. f., in Gord. Chrnn., 1SSS. pt. 1, p. II ; Sander's, lui, ■!„■„■ bachia, ii . p. 23 t. 59 Warn, and Will., Orch A/'> , \iii , t. ."71 Mexico. Kecently intro- duced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, and named after Mr. Jay Gould. It was at first thought to be a natural hybrid between L. autumnalis and L. ancepa, bot the character of the former altogether pre- ponderates, and I doubt whether it is more than a distinct rariety of that species, which is certainly more polymorphic than at first supposed. It appears to have been imported in considerable quantity, but some plants of the importation have proved on flowering to be ordinary L. autumnalis. (1G). L. OEANDIFI.OHA, Lindl., Gni. i Sp, 1831), p. 115 i, ICunth, in llumb. & Bonpl., A1 Gen, fj Sp . . 1815), p 842, Bletia I. lav. & Lex., Nov. Veg. Deter., ii. (1825 Oreh. Opuec, p, 17; CaJtln/a Grahami, Lindl., Sen, ef Sp. Orch. (1831), p. L16 I najalu, Lindl., Rot. Big., xxv. (1839). Mite., p. 35; Id., xxx , t. 30; Batem , Orch. Mex. ef Guat .. t. 23; Paxl , Ma . Bot., xii., p. 1. with plate; Jenn., f>r».,t.4i; /;.-• \fa ' 5667; Gard.Chron., 1883. pt. 1, p. 628, fig mi ; Warn, and Will , Oreh Alb., riii., t. 372; Ilelg. Wort., 1869, p, 129, t. 9; Lindenia, iv., p. 95, t. 190 — Mexico. Introduced about 1837, being sent by Ross to Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, and by Hartweg to the Horticultural Society of London. It flowered in the collection of Mr. Llewelyn, at Penllergare, near Swansea, in lx.'t'.l. It is widely distributed over Southern Mexico, generally occurring at a considerable elevation, and is called by the natives Flor dt Mayo, or May Flower, in allusion to its time of flowering. The plant appears to have been known very early in the 17th century, as it is mentioned by Hernandez, in his Natural History of New Spain, in 1816. Singularly enough l.indley named the plant three times over. It and L. autumnalis were the two species on which the genus was founded, and yet the name L. grandi flora seems to have been quite lost sight of. Var. At in, Kchb. f., in Gard. Chrnn., 1880, pt. 2, p. 588. A pure white variety. See also Gard. Chron., 1877, pt. 1, p. 790. ' (17.) L. QBAND1S, Lindl., in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i. (1850—51), p. 60, fig. 38 ; Id., Gard. Chron., 1SG4, p. 1202 ; Hot. Mag. t. 5553 ; Gartenjlora, t. 698; Fl. des Serres, t. 2473; Warn, and Will , Orch. Alb., iii., t. 123. Bletia grandis, Kchb. f., in Walp. Ann. Rot. vi. (1861) p. 424. — -Biazil. Introduced in 1849 by M. Pinel, from the neighbourhood of Bahia. in Bra7.il, plants being sent to M. Morel, at Paris. In the following year it was exhibited at one of the London shows. It appears to have been lost sight of again until 1S64, when Messrs. Low & Co. received a few plants from their collector at Bahia; it was also received at Kew about the same time from the same port. It is believed to inhabit the hot and humid district around the Bay of Todos os Santos. R. A. Rolfe, Herbarium, Kew. (To be continued.) VEGETABLE PRODUCTS IN ADRIAXOPLE. In a recent report on the products of Adrlanople, it is stated that the growth of canary seed is pecu- liar to Turkey in general, but especially to the district of Kodosta, and that it requires a deep but light soil. Owing to the remunerative results, a moderate yield being twenty-fold, it is exten- sively cultivated wherever the soil is suitable, and in many localities it forms the sole object of culture ; whilst in others, notably Adrianople, a steady advance is visible. Great care has to be taken as to the choice of time for sowing, and a long drought proves fatal to the entire crop. Millet is grown extensively as a favourite food for horned cattle and fowls. A beverage called " bor.a" is also made from this seed. The yield is very abundant, reaching aa high as forty to fifty, and sometimes a hnndred-fold. Aniseed is grown in the Gallipoli region, and serves in the making of the native brandy, called " mastic. " It is exported to France for mixing with various liqueurs, notably anisette. On account of the increasing demand, the cultivation of this plant is developing. The cultivation of Tobacco is perhaps the most important branch of agriculture after that of the Vine, and is the most lucrative; whole districts are given up to its culture. In what is called the Adrianople district, three kinds or qualities of Tobacco are found, the first worth a little over 5<£. per lb. to the grower, the second a little over ■ "•'/. per lb., and the third at 2d. per lb. The annual produce is estimated at about 30,0(10 cwt., which does not comprise the contribution of Kodosta and Gallipoli, which is 6000 to 7000 cwt. The most famous leaf is that of Xanthe, which is not included in the above, and where about 30,000 cwt. are annually gathered ; certain fields of known vil- lages provide the finest qualities, and the owners of these fields are known in the same way as those of fame I vineyards are known to the wine trade of France. The best Tobaccos are made up into very small bales called " Ghiobek boktellas," at a cost of about 3d. per lb. to the pur- chaser, to be exported to Russia, Austria, Koumania, and France ; but the largest quantity is consumed in Turkey. Trials in the cultivation of Xanthe Tobacco are said to have been made in Russia and Asia Minor, but without success. DAFFODIL SIR WATKIN. In the first decade of the present century n mining captain named Dyers came from Bideford, in Devon- shire, into Merionethshire, to manage a lead mine near Dinas Mawddwy. He settled at a place called Ten Dytfryn, and brought With him from Devon- shire some Daffodil bulbs, which he planted in his garden. These were of the kind now known as Sir Watkin, and persons are still living near Dinas Mawddwy whp recollect the time when these grand Daffodils were known only in the little garden at Pen Dyli'ryn. lly degrees a few appeared in neigh- bours' gardens, and when captain Byers, after leaving Pen Dyffryn, died at Dolgelly at the age of seventy. 356 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. five, about the year 1845, they were to be seen before many cottages near Dinas. In 1S68, Mr. Pickstone went to live at Plas-y-bont, a villa four miles from Dinas. There he found some of these Daffodils in the garden, and when he went a few years afterwards to live near London, he took them with him, and sold the flowers to London florists ; but he does not seem to have parted with any of the bulbs, and when he went to live at Maesmynan, near Caerwys, in Flintshire, he transferred them all to his new garden. After this he sent some of the flowers every year to Manchester, where they at last attracted notice. Mr. Alfred Dickson, of Chester, saw them in 1884, and at once entered into negotiation with Mr. Pick- stone for as many bulbs as he would part with. Mr. Pickstone sold them all, 10,000 in number, and Mr. Dickson took possession of them when ripe, at the end of the summer of 1884. In the autumn of 1885 Mr. Pickstone sent 3000 more, which, as Mr. Dick- son found, had been obtained from gardens near Dinas Mawddwy. Mr. Dickson, being anxious to obtain the whole stock sent in the following spring a foreman into Merionethshire to search for the bulbs whilst in flower, and in that year obtained 10,000 more, buying up all he could find. The total cost of becoming possessed of these 23,000 bulbs was nearly £1000. This is perhaps about the largest amount ever paid for the stock of one plant. Such is the history, as far as it is known, of this famous Daffodil, which for the two qualities of size of flower and vigour of growth, is still unsurpassed in the incomparabilis section. The account here given may be accepted as authentic, as Mr. Alfred Dickson, of Chester, has very kindly supplied me with all the information he has, and has sent me some original letters in English and Welsh, from which I have collected these facts. Mr. Dickson also told me that of all the 23,000 he knows of only one which has varied from the type ; this was one of a 100 sold to Mr. James Walker, and had a crown of orange colour. Mr. Dickson concludes that it was a sport, because although he has dusted the flowers with the pollen of many different Daffodils he has never been able to obtain a fertile seed from any pod of Sir Watkin. C. Wolky Sod, Edge Hal!, Malpat, March 10. By the time this reaches the public eye, it will be time to begin gently feeding with syrup those stocks which are deficient in stores. It is generally quite safe to feed with syrup about the third week in March, but it is safer to go by the doings of the bees themselves than to do anything at fixed dates. If the bees are flying generally, that is most days of the week it is perfectly safe to give them syrup, otherwise it is unsafe, and probably, or at any rate possibly, dysentery may follow. Appliances ought to be looked to now, and preparations made for swarms, should they determine to issue, and other contingencies. If the bees have enough food, let them entirely alone, as the less interference the brood nest has at the present the better. I have always found that those bees which do not require feeding at all give the best results. Bee. KELIA GLAUCA. Originally introduced into our gardens under the name Brassavola glauca more than fifty years ago, and since that time frequently brought over with other Mexican and Guatemalan Orchids, this fragrant species (fig. 52), has been received into most collec- tions of Orchids at some time or other, but it cannot be said to have ever been a favourite, as under the treatment it was invariably subjected to, that is, placed in too high a temperature, it got in some gardens the name of being a bad grower, and in most of being a shy flowerer. In a few instances, how- ever, where the plant has been grown in a basket suspended in the house with Lrclia anceps, Ladia autumnalis, &c, it has grown satisfactorily, and pro- duced its large flowers with freedom. These latter have pale green sepals and petals, and a pure white lip. Its pseudobulbs, or stems, are monophyllous, of a greyish-green colour, but they are not so distinctly glaucous as its larger growing and nearest ally, Lselia Digbyana, which also has an extraordinary development of fringing round the lip, and was the plant from which, by crossing with Cattleya labiata Mossia;, Messrs. James Veitch & Son succeeded in getting their beautiful hybrid, illustrated in these columns, p. 057, May 25, 1889. The Apiary. BEES AND FHUIT BLOSSOM. Much is said on this subject, but there still seems something to learn about it. We have come across two diverse opinions in the last week. First, the one for it. Mr. L. Wren, of Lowestoft, says that last year he had about thirty stocks of bees in a large garden at Beccles ; there were many fruit trees in this garden. Just at the time when the trees were in full bloom came a very cold east wind, and the bees could only get a very little way from home. They, however, managed to get into the flowers close at home, that is, those just round the hives. The consequence was strange. All those trees which stood close to the hives were loaded with fruit, while those further off had very light crops. From this we gather that, the weather being warm, the bees would have worked all the blooms on all the trees, but, being cold, they could only work on those close at home. This seems to be very con- clusive evidence, if any were required in favour of the bees. The other instance comes from Kent. There, it seems, that a certain farmer wished to turn a poor woman (his tenant) out of house and home because, forsooth, her bees had been amongst his Strawberry plants, and of course done him a lot of harm. We should like to know what it is that does not work against farmers and farming in our days. It would seem as though all creation were united in one great effort to undo the farmer. I cannot say whether the. farmer carried out his threat or not, but it only shows that ignorance is still rampant in many country places. Orchid Notes and Gleanings, — « — PHALJENOPSIS HARRIETT.Ex. A two-flow bred raceme of this beautiful hybrid has just been received at Kew from Erastus Corning, Esq., of Albany, U.S.A., and in spite of its long journey, is as fresh as if cut from the plant only the previous day, thanks to careful packing. The plant has gained strength under Mr. F. Goldring's care, and the flowers show a marked improvement since they were originally described and figured in these columns (July 2, 1887, p. 8, f. 1). It is certainly a great horticultural acquisition. It will doubtless be remembered that it was raised by Mr. Seden in the establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, out of P. grandiflora by P. violacea. This is the original plant, but I believe there are one or two others in existence. Probably few hybrids show their greatest possible development on the occasion of their first flowering, the vegetative organs not having then attained their maximum develop- ment. R. A. Rolfe. A Remarkable Phal.enopsis. There was recently in flower one of the grandest specimens of P. Schilleriana it has been my lot to see. The happy possessor is Fredk. Scholes, Brook- land, New York, an ardent patron of horticulture, who gives the following description and history of the plant:— The original plant, which possessed one small growth when bought for one dollar eight years ago, now has three immense growths and twenty - one leaves, the largest measuring nearly IS inches in length, and there are nine flower-stems, the longest measuring only 2.V feet, and upon which are 325 fully expanded flowers of medium size, and of a dark colour. It has been named by one of our leading orchidists, P. Schilleriana compacta nana. It was grown in a wire basket from its youth up, and left undisturbed for five years, except an occasional top-dressing of sphagnum moss, in which it is solely grown. Mr. Scholes ascribes his success with the plant to the liberal use of diluted cow-dung, administered once a week during the growing season. It is said that the plant is likely to pass into the hands of Pitcher & Manda, Short Hills, N.J. Our New York Corre- spondent. Mexican Orchids. M. L. Linden calls attention to the singular fact that Mexican Orchids are relatively easier to intro- duce than those from Venezuela or Colombia, but, on the contrary, the cultivation of Mexican Orchids is much more difficult than that of those from Colombia. For instance, O. maculatum, O. nebulo- aum, O. maxillare, &c, are rarely well grown ; whilst O. crispum, O. luteo purpureum, O. triumphans, are usually well cultivated. Orchids at Messrs. J. Laino & Sons. At the Forest Hill Nurseries there are some few interesting Orchids in flower at the present time. Odontoglossums are represented by several species, forms of O. crispum and O. Kossi majus are plentiful, also O. aspersum, O. pulchellum and O. Cervantesii. In the Orchid-house is an effectively arranged bank, which contains some finely flowered pieces of Dendrobium Wardianum in good forms, D. nobile and D. n. pendulum, D. crassi- node, and others. Some of the varieties of Cattleya Trianai here were very good forms, including C. T. Warczwiczii, with a fine breadth in all the delicate lilac rose segments, the prominent lip well coloured on the median lobe. C. T. marginata, recently certificated, is a very pretty form, with pale rosy suffused petals and sepals, the lip is bright crimson with a pale much crested fringe. Another ap- proaches C.T. Backhousiana, the fringe is quite dark, and there is the peculiar veining at the tips of the petals. Lrelia harpophylla and Phaius grandidorus were also in flower. In the pits we saw, among other things, an apparently vigorous stock of that fine old favourite Leschenaultia biloba major. CvMlilDIUM EBCRNEUM. A fine plant in a 12-inch pot of the above Orchid is now in full beauty in Mr. Hodgson's garden, Lythe Hill, Haslemere. It possesses twelve growths and twenty-seven flowers. Mr. Evans grows the plant in rough peat, and gives good drainage to the pot, and waters it liberally in the growing seasoD. The Cymbidiums are grown in the Mexican-house, and the treatment afforded it there seems to suit it better than when a temperature higher than that given to Mexican orchids is given. After growth is made, the plants are stood with Odontoglossums in a cool house. Florists' Flowers. THE RANUNCULUS. Are the beautiful forms of the Asiatic Ranun- culus to be allowed to die out of our midst? I am afraid it has become very difficult to obtain both roots and seed of the fine type which made the names of Tyso and others so famous in a past generation. The most recent collection of Ranunculus I have seen growing was in Mr. Samuel Barlow's garden at Stakehill House two or three years ago. Possibly there are others about the country who grow a few, but they are rarely heard of. At some provincial shows held during the month of May, it is customary to offer prizes for flowers of Ranunculus, but they appear to be waxing poorer year by year. A revival of interest is much needed in this flower, and in the showy Anemone also. It is true Maech 22, 1890.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 357 that one can find in bulb catalogues mention made of named superfine Persian Ranunculus, and superb Scotch varieties, and they are probably grown, and it is not unreasonable to suppose there are good things among them ; but it is found in practice that unless some close attention be given to the roots with that might lead to the acquisition of a few varieties of his own raising of some merit. Seed can be sown early in the month of March. It is readily raised when the seed is good. A fairly shallow wooden box can be filled with rich soil, and the latter made jeyej at; the top, and then watered sprinkled over them, just enough to cover them. As they grow into size they can be pricked off into other boxes, if necessary, though this is best avoided. The boxes can be stood out in the open in May, and by the end of June, the foliage having died away, the roots can be taken from the soil, and m -\JnT FlO. 62.— I.XUA OLAI'CA: SEGMENTS OKBENISH, LIP WHITE! lliOM A SKETCH BY Mil. WEATUEHS. (see p. 350.) after they have done flowering, they soon dwindle away, and there is no doubt many roots that are annually planted are so lost. I should like to see attempts ut raising seedlings, though any effort in that direction should be made only with the best seed that is procurable. If a collection of named Persian varieties were obtained, some seed could be taken from the best of them, and the operator would thus have something to commence through a fine rose watering pot. Then the seed, which is of a soft fluffy character, Bhould be sown over the surface as thinly and regularly as possible, a feather being generally employed for the purpose. The box should then be covered with glass, and be kept in the shade to prevent the seeds or soil from being dried by wind or sun. In about a fortnight the seeds will begin to germinate, and as soon as they put forth growths, a little fine soil should be put away carefully to plant out to bloom the follow- ing season. It. D. " Orchids, their Culture and Manage- ment."— This useful treatise, edited by Mr. Watson, baa reached its tenth part, the genera mentioned being Henanthera, Kestrepia, Saccolabium, Schom- burghia, Leuticaria, Sobralia, Sophronitis, and Spathoglottis, 358 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. Nursery Notes. MESSRS. JAS. VEITCH & SONS, CHELSEA. The brighter weather has caused an entire change in the flowering Orchids at this great establishment. The fine display of Cattleya Trianae, Dendrobium nobile, and of Ccclogyne cristata, now nearly over, has given place to another, that of Cypripediums in great variety, some good forms of the pretty and fragrant Cattleya Schrodera, and others which usually flower at this seasoD. The rockery is gay with Cymbidium Lowianum, a noble specimen; some sturdy specimens of C. eburneum, and with perhaps the largest and most vigorous plant in the country of the old but much-prized C. Devonianum. This plant has four fine drooping sprays of white and purple flowers. Here, too, are several showy specimens of the fragrant Bifrenaria Harrisonii, with two orthree dozen flowers on each ; Lycaste fulvescens, with over thirty flowers; many Lycaste Skinerii, and among them a giant form of the pure white variety, with superb white flowers, being 7 inches wide at their greatest width, the sepals and petals having each a breadth of 2 inches. Several of the best type of Dendrobium Farmed were in bloom, many of D. Wardianum, D. crepidatum ; a charming new light form of U. nobile ; the handsome Oucidium tetra- petalum ; the best exhibition form of 0. sphacela- tum ; many O. sarcodes ; several Epidendrum Wallisii, Lycaste costata, a large specimen of Ctelogyne cristata alba; the strong growing and hand- Bome pure white Calanthe veratrifolia var. australis, Maxillaria luteo-alba, Ctelogyne Massangeana, Chysis Limminghi, the elegant Pholidota chinensis, and the curious P. ventricosa ; some elegant plants of the white and fragrant Platyclinis glumacea ; the noble and richly-coloured Maxillaria Sanderiana ; the fine hybrid Cymbidium eburneo-Lowianum ; some splendidly flowered Oncidium ampliatum majus and Phajus tuberculosus, and many other rare species which look to great advantage arranged on the rockeries or suspended overhead. The Cypripedium-houses have in flower the new C. Numax (C. Stonei x C. Lawrenceana), C. Othello x ; the curious C. Atys X , a very distinct C. Hookerianum cross; C. LathamianumX, which in- creases in beauty as it gains in strength ; C. Petrei, C. Porphyreum X , C. Sedeni X , and the chaste C. S. candidulumX, C. cardinaleX, C. Williamsianum X , C. villosum aureum and C. Boxalli superbum, C. hirsutissimum, C. Elliottianum, C. venustum X, C. Selligerum majus, and numerous forms of C. argus, and C. barbatum. The Phalamopsis Schilleriana and P. grandiflora had some good sprays ; and plants of P. leucorr- hoda and P. casta were in bloom. Vanda coeru- lescens, Saccolabium Harrisonia;, the rare Angra:- cum fastuosum and other Angrascums, Miltonia Roezlii, &c, were noted. The cool-houses are bright with clumps of scarlet Sophronitis, and many fine sprays of that finest of coloured Odontoglossums. O. triumphans, mingled with the elegant white-flowered spikes of 0. cris|um and O. Pescatorei, and the soft tints of some of the hybrid forms. Hippeastrums. Nothing could exceed in beauty peculiar of its kind, the houseful of the above-named plants at this nursery. The foliage appears to be much finer and longer than we have hitherto seen it, an im- provement which is due to the mild winter and freedom from fog enjoyed by London since growth began. The flower-spikes bristle more numerously than in former years, promising therefore a pro- longed display. Every day brings out some new beauty, some improvement perchance as regards form or colour, which the hybridiser, Mr. Heale, who is constantly watching for new materials for hybridisation, jots down in his note-book. The parentage that was once traceable to H. pardinum, H. Ackermanni superbum (Garaway's hybrid), II. Leopoldi, and II. Empress of India is now very much mixed owing to intercrossing. The following were some of the finer bulbs in flower on March 17 : Illustrious, a purplish crimson — quite a new coKur, with scarcely any trace of green at the base; Armata, a scarlet-crimson, with a feathering of deeper colour in the middle of each segment towards the base ; Dromo is of brilliant scarlet, with a green stripe at the base — regular and smooth form ; Cicero is blood-red, with a green base; Champion, a flower of last year, a magnificent crimson — measures 10 inches in diameter, the lower segment being 2.V inches wide, and the upper Scinches; Ino is a fine white, with scarlet stripes and flakes, the segments also well reflexed — a pleasing style of flower; Abeona and Phoedra are similar to the above ; Lacinia is a white, with a few crimson lines. It is possible that the total number of flowers this season will reach 2000. Trade Notice. Mackett's Orchid Bureau. — Mr. F. C. Mackett, of St. Albans, has opened an establish- ment to serve as a medium for the exchange or sale of duplicate plants. A list of plants offered, and a corresponding list of plants wanted, is printed and circulated every week, and is likely to be useful to amateurs. Plants and Their Culture. Some Inmates of the Stovi? and Intermediate House. — Tubers of Gloxinias may now be started as a succession to the earlier started ones. If late autumn bloom is required, some of the tubers should be reserved for that purpose, and plants raised from early sowings will follow these, and prolong the flowering period of Gloxinias to the end of the year. Tuberous-rooted Begonias should now be started, as some of them will have begun to grow. Good loam should be used in potting, an over-potting avoided, giving them but little water till growth commences ; a warmth at night of 50°, and by day of 60°, will suit them. Amaryllis as they go out of bloom maybe repotted, if the pots be very full of roots, otherwise this operation is better done previous to growth beginning. They should occupy a sunny position. Vallota purpurea may also be repotted if the soil be sour, or the drainage of the pots defective. The Greenhouse. — More water will be required by plants in this house, and shading for some of the plants. The ventilation on mild or bright days must be abundant, but the house may be closed rather early, so as to economise warmth as much as possible. Any plants wanting a shift into laiger pots should, after potting, be kept rather close at the warmer part of the house for a time. Temperature, 45° at night ; 55° by day, or higher during sunshine — but if easterly winds prevail, the ventilation will require much care. Means should be taken to prevent mildew spreading among New Holland plants and on Statices, by dusting affected plants witli rlowers- of-sulphur. A few of the latest of the Cinerarias may be retarded by being placed in frames with a northern aspect, and these will be benefited by occasional waterings with liquid manure. Cine- rarias should be kept very clean. Primulas of the duplex flowered sections may be kept drier at the root after having bloomed, thus preparing them for division of the roots. We place a little sphagnum and peat round the neck of these plants and into which roots push freely, and the plants are then split up and put into a close frame early in the month of April. Any special variety of the single species required for seeding should have but one truss of bloom left on it, and be put on to a sunny shelf. Cyclamen plants of which seed is to be saved, may be placed in a similar position, but on these half-a- dozen blooms may be left. The late sown Cyclamens should have been put into small pots and kept near the glass, watering them carefully. The warmth of an intermediate house suits young Cyclamens. Herbaceous Calceolarias making rapid growth must be grown close to the glass, or weakly growths will be the result. Any re-potting of late sown plants should be completed, and weak liquid manure given to plants with plenty of roots. Cal- ceolarias like a cool pit, greenfly soon infesting them in a warm place ; fumigate them frequently. A sowing of Primula sinensis may be made, and one of Nicotiana aflinis, Solanums, Globe Amaranth, Bal- sams, Ktiodanthes, Celosias, Cockcombs, and Schi- zanthus. Mignonette will be useful, and the variety called Machet is good for pots. Fuchsia cuttings may be struck to flower late, and old plants may be stopped at the points at frequent intervals, and kept growing freely in a warm and moist house or pit. Solanum cuttings should be obtained by cutting back the old plants. Also cuttings of Salvias when large plauts are wanted, but for small plants cuttings put in during May will do very well. liepot old Salvia plants after shaking them out if very early bloom is desired. The same operations will apply to Eupatoriums. The useful Francoa ramosa may be shifted at this time of the year. Any Bou- vardias cut back recently will soon be able to furnish cuttings, which propagate as soon as they are two inches long. If the stock of the show and fancy varieties of Pelargoniums is low, cuttings from old plants may be taken, and tbfse will soon make nice plants. The older plants must be fumigated often, to keep down aphis. Repot plants for late bloom, and keep all of them close to the light ; the plauts to follow the early ones may now have the points of the shoots pinched out. Chrysanthemums should not be allowed to want for moisture, and may be stood in cold frames, protec- ting them on cold nights, and repotting the plants as the pots fill with roots. Cuttings of Libonias should be now struck, also of Liuuni trigynum. These plants will require higher temperature in the autumn than most greenhouse plants. Kalosanthes may be shifted if that be found necessary, employing loam and a small quantity of decayed manure. Stop the new growth of these plants as soon as the roots fill the pots, and feed them liberally ; a low pit or a shelf near the glass will suit them. Lachenalias, if in blooui, should get plenty of water, and a cool place in which to flower. G. Wythea, Si/on House, Brent- ford. the Flower Garden. Roses. — The pruning of all Roses should be com- pleted, as injury from frost is not likely now to occur, although it is yet possible to have some severe weather. The pruning must be determined by the growth of the plant operated on, whether vigorous or weak — if the former, four or five buds or more may be left, according to the size of the head or bush ; and if of weaker growth pruning maybe much harder, removing also as much of the old wood and weak shoots as would be consistent with keeping enough to furnish a good head — the young growths produc- ing the best blooms. Moss Roses require the old growths to be cut away entirely, the young alone being reserved, the tips of which should be cut off before pegging down. A dressing of rich manure should be given Rose-beds annually, and if, in addi- tion, loam be incorporated with the manure and forked in, it will much improve the growth of the plants on all kinds of soils. Winter Protection. — All half-hardy subjects may now be uncovered, including Magnolias, Clianthus, Camellias, Myrtles, and the necessary pruning and training attended to, which will put them right for the season. With Ivy on Walls, the best plan is to trim off closely all the foliage with a reaping-hook, or the hedge-shears. It may look unsightly for a time, but close new foliage will soon cover the wall, and which will give no further trouble during the year. Treating Ivy in this manner gets rid of old leaves, clears out many insects from their hiding places, and removes all danger of having the Ivy torn away by winds. Evergreens, — These miy still be cut or clipped, but this operation should be pushed on, as growth will soon commence. Rhododendrons are best pruned now, iustead of after flowering, otherwise the young growth does not attain sufficient maturity to with- stand severe weather in winter; one season's blooming must be sacrificed in any case ; besides growth always commences more readily at this season, and the unsightly effects of pruning are more quickly replaced by young growth. Mabch 22, 1890.] THE GARDE NE B S ' CHBO NI CL E. 359 Pinks and Carnations, wintered in cold frames, should be transferred to beds or borders ; if in beds, plant them about 15 inches apart each way. Hyacinths should be kept tied, and protected, as previously advised, with other tender spring flowers. Half-hardy Annuals should have plenty of air afforded them in favourable weather, so as to render them sturdy; and, when sufficiently advanced, they 6hould be pricked off into pans or boxes, or in hand- lights or cold frames, protecting them from cold winds and frost, and hardening them off well as growth advances. Sowings of all kinds of plants required for the 8ower garden this season, should be done at once. There is still plenty of time, but delay will shorten the period of flowering. D. C. Powell, Puwderka„i, Dcron. The Orchid Houses. The Cool Houses. — Closely examine the plants for aphis and slugs, and lay pieces of Potato upon the pots for catching the latter, also bran on pieces of slate, examining these baits once or twice in the evening; aphis may he entirely kept under by the use of the syringe. This should be done with the nozzle, or single jet, over which the fore-finger should be held firmly when employing it. Some growers fumigate with tobacco, but to the use of this I have objections, for I have seen some of the best houses full of OdontoglosBums reduced to a pitiable condition by its use. Disa grandiflora and its varieties are very apt to get aphis in the young growths, but this may be easily killed by the use of a camel's-hair brush and some soft soapy water. Keep the stages and walls thoroughly moist, and the night temperature about SO3, rather under than over. East Indian House.— Cattleyas Dowiana and aurea a-e now pushing growth, and if re-potting or sur- ficing is required by the plants, it should be now done; these species enjoy a good heat, and much moisture. Cattleya Eldorado and C. superba will be found to do well in this house. Cypripediimi Gode- froya: and C. bellatulum should still be kept on the dry side, they being species very apt to damp oil' at the base. Dendrobinm Cambridgeanum should be re-blocked or re-basketed. This is an Orchid which does not like a large amount of peat and sphagnum moss about its roots, but fixed to a block of Apple or Pear wood, with a small quantity of sphagnum, it does very well indeed. Wafer them abundantly, and 'lip them in the morning anil afternoon of fine days. 1). nohile and I), heterocarpum. for early flowering, should be making strong growth, and be kept at the warmest part of the house, and where a very humid moisture is maintained. Plants of Cattleya gigas newly imported will be best hung up by the roots, and a thick shading placed over them for a few days, they being not then so likely to lose their leaves. The temperature of this house should be that advised in ir.y last Calendar. A. O. Cult, ParHfidd, U Fruits Under Glass. Vines.— The simplest plan to put a fresh kind on an old Vine is to strike well-ripened eyes in bottom- heat, and inaich the growing cane on to the young wood of the old Vine, although bottle-grafting mav he recommended in some cases. The Guava ripens its fruit and does well on the back wall of a vinery if not too densely shaded, and forms a handsome evergreen covering to the walls. Melon- house. — Plants whose stems were stopped in order to produce fruiting laterals, may have the laterals stopped at the first joint beyond the fruit; aim at getting three or four flowers open on the same day, impregnating the flowers daily until a good set is obtained. Remove and pinch out all useless shoots, and be careful not to over-water, especially during flowering. Renovate the fermenting material from time to time, if it be getting too low, and main- tain brisk beat. Plant out successional crops ; also sow more seeds, and prepare dungbed frames. Cucumber-house.— Winter plants which are still clean and fruiting well, will require abundance of manure-water, and top-dresaings of turfy loam and spent Mushroom-bed dung. Guard against over- cropping, cut the fruit whilst young, and train in healthy young shoots. Maintain a high atmosphere, with much moisture, and damp down occasionally with strong dung-water. For several years at Blenheim, Cucumber disease baffled all my efforts at curing it, and the only course was to burn all the infected plants and start afresh, avoiding the use of fermenting materials for a time. Spring raised plants should be planted G feet apart, stopped as soon as half-a-dozen leaves are made above the trellis, the laterals being trained out thinly — severe prunings being guarded against. Cucumbers are gross feeders, and require but a small amount of ventilation, and a temperature of 70° at night, 80° by day, and bottom-heat 703 to 80°. Strawberry-houses. — Introduce plants in weekly batches. President will now make a good succession to La Grosse Sucree, but it takes a little longer to perfect its fruit. The Strawberry-house may be kept cooler at one end to receive successions from the frames, and which, as they progress, should be moved onwards till they finish on an airy warm shelf to bring up the flavour (we always winter our plants in coal ashes outdoors). Temperature, night 50° at the cool end, and 55° at the warmer end. Give liquid manure to plants swelling their fruits. My opinion of Noble is favourable as a second cropper, but the fruit ripens at the point first. The fruit is noble in appearance, but not equal to La Grosse Sucree as a first early fruit indoors. Tomalos. — Plants raised from cuttings in August last will now, with the help of the camel-hair brush, be again floxvering and setting. I prefer to have them in 12-inch pots. Stop the laterals above each banch of flowers, unless there is space on the trellis on which to train the shoots. As soon as their crop of fruit is set give manure water ; sow seeds and prepare plants for future planting. If while By attacks the plants, there is no better antidote than Calvert's soft-soap, dissolving 1 oz. in 1 gallon of soft-water, and frequently Byringing the plants with it. Orchard-ftottse. — Give sufficient fire-heat to raise the temperature, and maintain a brisk circulation of air. the more so if the trees are nearly in flower, the flowers of Plums, Pears, Cherries being liable to sutler from moist air. Trees in pots must never feel the want of water ; it is very im- portant that they should be well watered previous to their flowering, in order to carry them over that pi riod. Fumigate the house before the flowers expand. \es. — Continue to disbud and thin the fruit, and bring the shoots to G inches apart at the least, and the fruit to an average of one to each square foot, giving preference to those that face the sun. The trees in the earliest house will now be stoning, and a regular temperature must be maintained. Figs may be thinned finally, an operation very often not required. Syringe twice daily, and water with manure or give mulchings. Keep every depart- ment rigorously clean. W. Crump, Madresfield Court, The Hardy Fruit Garden. PEACHES AMD Xn rARINKS. The training of these trees should be completed early, the favourable change in the weather having caused the flower-buds in swell. Young Plums, Apricots, and Peaches, that have not previously been wall-trained, should be partially disbudded as soon as they have started fairly into growth, all foreright shoots being rubbed off first, leaving such only as are likely to lay close to the wall ; and any strong ones which seem likely to unduly take the lead must have the points pinched out. A similar process of pinching strong shoots is necessary with older vigorous trees, in order tu furnish them with bearing-wood. However clean the trees may have been last year, and well washed this winter, aphis will always appear just before the flowers open ; closely examine the shoots, therefore, and dust them with tobacco-powder if aphis be noticed on them. Ftps. — These fruit trees in warm districts should have the branches thinned out, so as to make room for laying in new ones, the production of which may be encouraged by a good thinning-out of the older main branches. If summer pinching and thinning were attended to, very little will remain to be done to Figs at this season. The terminal bud of every shoot should be pinched out, to encourage a greater number of embryo Figs to grow. In cold districts, where covering the Fig is adopted, the protecting material should be removed by degrees, our springs being very treacherous, one day being like summer, and the next like winter, and these sudden checks are injurious. Trees not in a satisfactory bearing condition should be attended to within the next three weeks. The chief aim should be to keep the roots near to the surface, for it these are allowed to get into a cold inert subsoil, the crop of fruit is always a thin one, no matter how well the tree should look aboveground. This arises simply from the wood not getting ripe. To remedy this state of things, dig a deep trench along the front of the border, dig under the roots, and lift them out by working with a fork towards the wall. Having laid the roots bare, shorten them a little, and add some fresh loam and mortar rubble to the border, trenching it over. Then spread the roots out, and cover them with about 6 inches of turfy loam, with a liberal quantity of mortar rubble. Mulch with 2 inches of old manure, which will not cause gross soft wood as when it is buried about the roots. If Figs are trained horizontally, it will be found to check their often too-luxuriant growth, and assist the ripening of the young shoots. Grafting of Apples and Pears. — This operation should always be finished before the trees begin to grow, the most forward varieties being grafted first. Double grafting of unsatisfactory kinds will often improve them; but I have noticed that when vigorous rooted stocks arc used for delicate varieties. a vigorous crop of root-suckers follows grafting. I am of opinion that root grafting will be more generally adopted than at present, as inducing pre- cocity for the first year or two, and eventually allowing the tree to become established on its own runts. A. /■.'. ins, Lythe Hill. Hasi The Kitchen Garden. The weather during the past week was all that could be desired by the kitchen gardener for the •owing of the main crops of Onions, Parsnips, early Carrots, and the planting of some early Potatos. In addition to the above, sowings of Brussels Sprouts, Cauliflowers, Leeks, Lettuces, and Radishes were made, also plantations of Seakale. Globe Arti- chokes should now be partly relieved of their winter protection, and if new beds are to be made, the ground should be thoroughly prepared by the first week of April, trenching and manuring the land heavily with decayed farmyard dung. If large heads are looked lor, plant sturdy suckers in groups of three when of about 8 inches high, pulling them up from the old stools. These groups of suckers should be not less than I feet apart, and in the rows ;"i feel. If the soil is shallow and open, it is best to remove 8 inches of the top soil, and plant firmly, afterwards filling in the hollows with manure ; and if the soil bo dry, watering the plants before putting on the mulching. If required, these plants will produce nice heads late in the first season, after planting making a succession to those from old stools. Thin out weak shoots from among the old Btools. Asparai/us.— Place more of these into gentle heat. From now onwards, very little bottom heat will bo required. Keep the frames, &c, close till the grass appears, doing the forcing with as much sun heat as possible ; slightly damp over at midday with tepid water, and cover up the frames early in the afternoon. Celery. — Now is a good time to sow the main crop of Celery, sowing the seeds in pans, placed in a vinery, just started, or under hand- glasses, at the foot of a south wall. Bring the pans out of the vinery when the plants are up, and place them in a cold frame, and those in hand- glasses must be ventilated daily— there must be no Coddling, A second sowing may be made about the middle of the month of April. It is questionable if there is a better Celery than Major Clark's Bed. Matchless and Winchester Keds are also varieties we are growing this season; and Sandringham White and Veitch's Superb for early use. Cauliflower plants may now be transplanted from frames with a trowel, planting them between rows of Peas, and protecting with Spruce boughs. Those raised undei glass in heat are safer when planted in the second or third week in April. //. Markhant, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone. 360 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, Sec, are also solicited. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. ("Royal (Horticultural Society at Mar Qi< Westminster : Fruit, Floral, and ) Scientific Committees, and Lec- (. ture by M. H. de Vilmoriu. WEDNESDAY, Mar THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY, Mar. Mad. 8HOWS. o.. ( Royal Botanic Society. '"■J Glasgow and West of Scotland. 28— Falkirk. 29.— Crystal Palace WEDNESDAY, Mar. ' Roses. Fruit Trees, Shrubs, Border | Plauts, and Bulbs, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies. Palms, Rose Trees, &c, at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. /Orchids in Flower and Bud, and Lilies from Japan, at Stevens' Rooms. J Greenhouse Plantsaml Hose Trees, at the City Auction Rooms, by Pro- theroe & Morris. J Clearance of Nursery Stock, at the Royal Nursery, Ascot, by Pro- theroe & Morris. 2g ( Established and Imported Orchids, ' ( at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK— 44°. 2. The Bulb Mite 0UB correspondence on this im- on portant subject is so very exten- Euchans. Bjve that, without excluding much other matter of interest, it would be hardly possible to find space for it in our columns ; nor does it appear on perusal to contain any state- ments regarding culture, soil, temperature, and management generally, which have not been stated many times previously in our columns. We take a few : — " S. VV." tried petroleum and water, at a temperature of 135 : ; pure petroleum, slaked lime, afterwards plunging the potted bulbs in brisk bottom-heat. These very drastio measures killed some, and others recovered — the writer believing that these were but little affected. He attributes the presence of the mite to be due to overwatering ; but does not say how water is able to bring about the birth of an insect, although external causes, as we know, do facilitate attacks of a fungoid nature ; but that is something quite different. Mr. John Heath does not believe in the burn aud destroy dictum, and says that unhealthy Eucharis are always infested with mite, and when very much so the bulbs cannot be freed from them ; but " if taken in time " — that is, when there are but a few mites, the plants recover. He does not tell us what is the remedy, and he knows of no plant which will so long put up with bad cultivation, and yet give fair returns. " R. M.," in an interesting letter on Eucharis- growing as practised by himself, and which will be found at p. 365. is not a believer in curing " mite," and advises the destruction of in- fested bulbs, giving the unsuccessful treatment of Eucharis bulbs by a clever gardener in his neigh- bourhood, and the non-success of others, as the oause of his want of faith in all remedies hitherto employed. The lessons taught by these and other communications we have received are, that high temperature and plenty of water when growing, are needed, but less water when it is desirable that the plants should be rested, which should not be oftener than twice in a year. To dry off a river side plant of the tropical region of Brazil is contrary to its nature, although there will occur times when the rivers are low — that is in late summer — when the soil of the banks is less moist than is the case in winter, spring, and early summer. The plant flowers in Hood time, which corresponds with its season of growth, and which is the period also at which the plant demands of the gardener the fullest supplies of water, and, when crowded in pots, of weak stimulants. Departures widely made from its natural con- ditions, and persisted in for several years, doubt- less tend to debilitate the plant, and render it susceptible to the attacks of an insect not peculiar to Eucharis, but which infests other bulbs, just in the same manner that thrips and red-spider will attack weakly plants of other species, and get the mastery of them when left unchecked. It must be remembered that the mite is not the only agency at work, for fungus also plays a part in so far as regards the bulbs of Eucharis, and the difficulty in detecting the pest without the aid of a lens adds further perplexity to the matter. The gardener who does not see the oreature that is working so much mischief amongst his plants is loth to take radical measures for its extinction, and yet it is the only course which is left to him when the ravages, which might have been stayed by earlier remedial measures, have become deep seated. It has come to our knowledge — quite recently — that a cultivator well versed in the minagement of bulbs, especially Hippeastrums, has been able, by very simple means, to cure bulbs of this species, when attacked by the mite, and we quite think that his methods are likely to prove efficacious when the mite has not penetrated beyond the outer envelope of the bulb. The bulbs are shaken out of the soil, washed in warm water, in which some Chelsea Blight Composition is mixed, and afterwards dried thoroughly. The process of drying may take some weeks. The bulbs are then potted in moderately rich loamy soil, the pots used being only just sufficiently large to admit the bulb. The after-treatment of these hitherto infected bulbs was that pursued with healthy bulbs, and in no case has there been any re-appearance of the mite. Those who wish to know what the mite is like, may consult the figures (lig. 54, p. 364), which were placed at our disposal by Mr. Michael, the learned expositor of the forms and life-habits of these mischievous pests. A Carpet Bed in the Jephson Gardens, Leamington. — The public gardens of the town of Leamington, Warwickshire, called after their donor, the late Dr. Jephson, have been greatly improved at various times, aad are exceedingly well kept at all times, and particularly gay in the summer and early autumn months. The following description of the bed shown in lig. 53 is from the Leamington Advertiser, and is part of a general account of the gardens : — " The carpet and other bedding is this year, 1889, a special feature, and reflects the highest credit upon Mr. Longford, the head gardener, by whom they have been so skilfully arranged. In the present article we shall confine ourselves to the carpet bedding and other special designs, which are now in their full summer beauty. First, perhaps — although of course this is a matter of taste — is the large specimen — and a very fine specimen it is — of carpet bedding near the monument which contains the marble bust of the late Ur. Jephson. The bed measures 23 feet in its long diameter, and is a magnificent specimen of artistic combination of colour. It contains about 10,000 plants, every one of which appears to occupy the individual position which it was predestined to take. The design is a series of scrolls representing a pair of iEolian harps. It has a raised centre, in which is a very fine specimen plant of the Dracama australis, which is surrounded by a hundred plants of the Echeveria Peacockii. The groundwork is composed of the pretty Herniaria glabra, with a belt of Mentha pulegium gibraltaricum, dotted with a Pachyphytum bracteosum at regular intervals. The scrolls are outlined with Echeveria secunda glauca, and the colouring is obtained by three forms of Alternanthera ama>na, versicolor, and paronychioides aurea. The scrolls are filled in with Leucophyton Brownii. The bed is raised about eight inches from the level of the lawn, and is bordered by a double row of Echeveria secunda glauca. A number of plants, which stand higher than the average bedding, are used as " dot " plants, and these give a grace and finish to a piece of work which for taste and arrangement, could not well be surpassed. The beautiful Pyrethrum aureum selaginoides, which does not run to bloom, has been introduced in sufficient quantity to give an effective colouring to the whole." Horticultural Club.— This Club, held at the Hotel " Windsor," Victoria Street, Westminster, was established to provide a meeting-place for all classes interested in horticulture, for social gather- ings from time to time, for the monthly meetings, when papers are read on horticultural subjects, and to afford its members all the advantages of a first-class club on moderate terms. The reading- room is supplied with all the gardening periodicals. The vicinity of the Club to the meeting-place of the Royal Horticultural Society, makes it very con- venient for persons attending the Society's meetings. It has also afforded a home for the following Societies : — The National Rose Society, the National Carnation and Picotee Society, the National Auri- cular Society, the National Dahlia Society, and the British Fruit Growers' Association. A special dinner of the Club will take place on Tuesday next, the 25th inst., at 6 p.m. Mons. Henby de Vilmoein will be the guest of the Club. — The usual monthly dinner and conversazione took place on Tuesday evening, Dr. Hogg, in the absence of Mr. John Lee, presided ; there were present besides : the Rev. W. Wilks, Rev. F. H. Gall, C. T. Druery, Messrs. Girdlestone, J. H. Veitch, A. Veitch, G. Bunyard, II. J. Pearson, C. E. Pearson, T. Francis Rivers, &c. The subject for discussion was " Plant Hybridism," which was opened by a very thoughtful and interest- ing paper by Mr. Lewis Castle, owing to whose un- avoidable absence it was read by Mr. Geo. Bunyard. Mr. Veitch dealt with the subject in relation to Orchids; Mr. Druery, to Ferns; Mr. Pearson, to Pelargoniums ; Mr. T. Francis Rivers, to fruit ; while most of the members present joined in the discussion. Gardeners' Orphan Fund.— a meeting took place at the Hummums Hotel, Covent Garden Market, on Friday evening, the 14th inst., at 9 p.m., convened by the Committee of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, and at which a goodly number of standholders in the Flower Market were present, the immediate object of the meeting being to carry out a third Floral Fete in aid of the Fund during the month of May. Mr. George Deal presided, and among the growers present were Messrs. G. Messer, G. Poulton, E. Sawyer, II. Hawkins, S. Plimley, March 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 361 Jun., G. May, G. Wermig, J. Lewington, W. G. Williams, W. Gregory, J. Walton, H. R. Wright, J. W. Baker, J. Bannister, A. Cattaneo, &c, the Committee of the Fund being also well represented. The Chairman having opened the proceedings by reading a letter from Mr. J. Bourne, conveying the willingness of the Duke of Bedford to grant the use of the market for the purpose ; and one from Mr. W. J. Soulsby, Secretary to the Lord Mayor at the Mansion House, stating that the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress will be happy to become the Patrons of the Fete, and will, if possible, attend the same. It was, therefore, moved by the Walton. The best date for holding the Ftte was discussed, and ultimately it was decided by the meeting that it take place on Wednesday, May 21, though some of the standholders thought a later date would be more suitable. The joint committee will meet at the Caledonian Hotel on Friday evening, the 28th inst. — On Friday evening, March 14, a lecture on " Apples, their Culture and Use," was delivered by Mr. W. Roupell at the British Workman's Club, Upper Tulse Hill. Mr. T. Buxton Mobrish presided, and opened the pro- ceedings by explaining that the lecture was given on behalf of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, which the day on which the exhibition of Tea Roses will be held at the Drill Hall ; the dinner will take place at the Hotel Windsor at 6 o'clock, and the Chair will be taken by the Very Rev. the Dean of Rochester, President of the Society. Hall for Horticulture.— We learn that at a meeting of the " Sites Committee," held on Monday last, it was resolved to call a great meeting (of which due notice will be given) of horticulturists and the horticultural trades throughout the king- dom, when the whole scheme and present position of affairs will be fully explained, The committee hope lAUINQTON. (SEE P, .jOU.) chairman, seconded by Mr. J. Walton, and carried unanimously, " That this meeting cordially endorses the proposal to hold a third evening Floral Fete in aid of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund ; and, having heard with pleasure that His Grace the Duke of Bedford has kindly granted the use of the Flower Market for this purpose, this meeting pledges itself to render the best assistance in its power to carry out the same, and to co-operate in general with the committee of the Fund." On the motion of Mr. W. Gregory, seconded by Mr. J. Walton, the fol- lowing standholders were appointed a committee of sixteen to co-operate in carrying out the Ftte :•— Messrs. W. Baker, G. May, G. Messer, J. Bannister, G. Poulton, J. Lewington, H. B. Bay, E. Sawyer, T. A. Dickson, A. Cattaneo, E. Rochford, A.Bullen, G. Wermig, Jas. Williams, W. Gregory, and J. institution he commended to the meeting in a forcible address. The lecture wag of a compre- hensive character, and conveyed much practical information concerning Apples, and the best methods of culture. Quotations Irom various authors were given, and some extracts from Mr. R. D. Black- more'.s recent work, Kit and Kitty, were well received. A collection of well-preserved Apples was staged, and during a pause in the lecture some baskets of fruit were handed round for the audience, to enable them to taste. A substantial collection was made, and several new subscribers to the Fund gave in their names. National Rose Society.— We understand that it has been determined by the Committee to alter the date of the Annual Dinner to June 21, that the trade, upon whose attitude much depends, will see that it is to their interest to popularise horticulture, and take the matter up with Bpirit, and that a large number of gentlemen, commercially in- terested in horticulture, both in London and the provinces, will attend, as the scheme will benefit the latter nearly, if not rjuite as much as the former. "ICONES PLANTARUM. "— The last part just issued contains twenty-four uncoloured lithographic illustrations of various species of Stapelia, with descriptive text by Mr. N. E. Brown. This botanist is known to have studied this remarkable group for some years ; he has grown many of them, and taken every opportunity of studying the living plants as well as those preserved in the herbarium. It is to be hoped that we may have ultimately a complete mono- 362 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 22, 1890. graph from the hands of this conscientious anil pains- taking botanist. In the meantime Mr. Brown has dealt with the large mass of material of all kinds collected by Sir Henry Babkly, formerly Governor of the Cape of Good Hope. Thirteen genera and a large number of species are thus systematically catalogued, the list being preceded by some valuable notes on the morphology of the group, and on the characters by which the genera and species may be distinguished. The range of variation is shown to be very large — so much so, that two distinct genera might be made out of one species, were its history not known. The characters " blend and intermingle in a manner that in many cases defies classification." The botanists can hardly complain of the gardeners in this case, for the blending has been done, not by them, but by insects. Mr. Brown notes the rapidity with which the seeds germinate under suitable con- ditions, which would seem to denote an adaptation to the climata! circumstances under which the plants grow naturally. " KEW BULLETIN." -The March number contains articles on " Indian Yellow," a dyeing material pre- pared from the urine of cows fed upon Mango leaves ; also on Bombay Aloe fibre procured from Agave vivipara, the cultivation of which in waste land near Bombay, for the sake of its fibre, is strongly recom- mended. Barilla manufacture in Egypt is the sub- ject of another article, the barilla being carbonate of soda, contained in the ashes of certain seaside and salt-lake plants like our Salicornia. RICHMOND Show.— The Spring Show of the Richmond (Surrey) Horticultural Society was held in the Gymnasium of the Castle Rooms, on March 18 and 19, when a pretty, although small, display was made. The chief prizes for bulbous plants, Lily of the Valley, and Spinel, were awarded to Messrs. H. Williams & Sons, Fortis Green, Finchley, who showed in their usual style. From the gardens of H. Little, Esq., The Barons, Twickenham, came several good lots of plants, and this exhibitor was first for Cliveas (which were very fine) and Deutzia gracilis. He also had the best six Orchids, with a nice piece of Cymbidium Lowianum, and won the first place for a group of plants arranged for effect, having several Orchids. Mr. D. White, gardener to Mrs. Watson, Isleworth, who was another suc- cessful exhibitor, had a well-flowered specimen of Azalea indica in the variety Due de Nassau, and was also first for Cyclamens. Azalea mollis were also good, Mr. Bbown, of Richmond, having a finely flowered collection. Cottagers' exhibits were well represented, and were fairly numerous. Apples, in well kept examples, were shown by Mr. Bates, gardener to E. S. Nicholson, Esq., Poulett Lodge, Twickenham ; and Mr. J. Walker, Ham Common, gent a comprehensive collection of Daffodils, the effect of which was destroyed by the white cloth with which all the tables were covered. Orchid Nomenclature.— It is greatly to be regretted that a series of suggestions printed for the use of the committee appointed by the Royal Horti- cultural Society to consider the matter, and marked " Private, proof under consideration," should have been published in its entirety in the Orchidophile. We can only suppose that the Editor overlooked the word " Private," or was imperfectly acquainted with the English language and the etiquette of committees. As a matter of fact, the document differs greatly from that which will shortly be issued by the Society as its final recommendations. Show Fixtures. — We have received the schedule of the Shropshire Horticultural Society, which announces shows at Shrewsbury for March 27, August 20 and 21, and November 20. The accom- panying balance-sheet shows the satisfactory clear profit of £236 on the year's working. Sums of £25, £20, and £15 are offered for twenty stove and green- house plants at the summer show. Various other valuable prizes are also included. The Sherborne Horticultural Society's annual show will take place on August 27, and the Scottish Primula and Auricula Society will hold its fourth exhibition on May 8, in the City Assembly Rooms, Dundee. New Jersey Agricultural Station.— The last issued Bulletin deals with two fungous diseases which infest the Cranberry, one produces minute red galls, and hence is known as the Cranberry Gall fungus, Syntrichium Vaccinii ; the other is the Cran- berry Scald, which is also due to the attacks of a minute fungus, and is so destructive as to cost the loss of a third of the crop. Mr. Halsted gives an account of the life habits of these fungi, so far as they are known. P>EONIES. — We are requested to state that the Curator of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, in view of a paper to be read before the Royal Horticultural Society, is anxious to know of all the kinds of Pseony, not of garden origin, that may now be in cultivation, and also to be made aware of all the botanical names that are now in use. Mr. Lynch would be greatly obliged for information of any kind on the subject. PRIMULAS.— Messrs. Jas. Carter & Co., High Holborn, London, have submitted to our inspection a collection of blooms of their strain of Chinese Primulas. The flowers are well- formed, of large size, and there are some good colours especially among the Magentas and Carmines. Singles and doubles are equally pleasing. THE GRAPES OF ESCHOL.— A correspondent kindly calls attention to an error at p. 287, in which the famous bunch is said to have been brought to Moses when the Israelites were " near the close of their wanderings." Perhaps the statement is " too absolute." It may be well to cite the passage from Numbers, xiii., 24, 25: — "Then they came to the river of Eschol, and cut downe thence a branch with one cluster of Grapes, and they bare it upon a barre between two, and brought of the Pomegranates and of the Figges. That place was called the River Eschol, because of the cluster of Grapes which the children of Israel cut downe there." We are quoting from the edition " imprinted at London by Koiiert Barker," in 1615. Flowers in Season.— Some excellent blooms of Primula sinensis have been sent to us by Messrp. B. S. Williams & Son, Paradise and Victoria Nurseries, Upper Holloway. The colours decided and good, and the blooms regular of outline, and showing much substance. The Primulas of this nursery firm have long enjoyed a good reputation — the reward of years of careful selection and crossing. Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists, from the Journal of Botany (continued from p. 299) :— " MiDD, William (1830—1879) : b. Bedale, York- shire, 1830; d. Cambridge, 1879. A.L.S., 1868. Curator, Cambridge Bot. Gard., 1850? — 1879. ' Manual of Brit. Lichens,' 1861, and 3 fasciculi of 100 specimens each. Pritz., 226; Jacks., 243; R. S. C, iv., 502 ; Gard. Chron., 1879, 558 ; Journ. Bot., 1879, 160 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin. xiv., 40. " iMunro, William (c. 1816— 18S0) : b. Druid- stoke, Gloucestersh., circ, 1816 ; d. Montys Court, Taunton, Jan. 29, 1880. General, 39th Regiment. CIS. F.L.S., 1840. Collected in Madras, Bengal, and Himalaya. ' Banibusea;,' Linn. Trans., ISiO ; 'Tim- ber Trees of Bengal,' 1*47 ; ' Himalayan Primroses,' Garden, 1879. Herbarium and MSS. at Kew. Pritz., 228 ; Jacks., 451 ; R. S. C , iv., 545 ; viii., 471; Journ. Bot., 1880, 96; Gard. Chron., 1880, xiii., 169 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., xiv., 158. Monroa Torr, Munronia Wight. "Murphy, Edmund (fl. 1828— 1844). Landscape Gardener. Of Dublin. ' Contributions to Fl. Hibe- nica,' Mag. Nat. Hist., 1828, 436; 'Agricultural Grasses,' 1844 ; Hortus siccus illustrating same. Pritz., 228 ; Jacks., 196 ; R. S. C, iv., 554. "Murray, Andrew (b. before 1810; d. 1850) : d. Cambridge, July 4, 1850. Curator, Cambridge, Bot. Gard., 1845-1850. ' Catalogue ; ' Sir Walter Scott, Journal, 1826 ; Gard. Chron., 1845, 291 ; 1850, 438. "Murray, Andrew (1812—1878: b. Edinburgh, 1812; d. Kensington, January, 1878). W.S F.L.S., 1861. Pres. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh, 1858. Assistant- Secretary, Roy. Hort. Soc, 1860. ' Pines and Firs of Japan,' 1863 ; Lawson's ' Pinetum.' Pritz., 228 ; Jacks., 585 ; R. S. C, iv., 555 ; viii., 475 ; Trans. Bot. Soc. Edin., xiii, 3,9; Gard. Chron., 1878, i., 86 ; Ent. Mo. Mag., xiv., 215 ; Journ. Bot., 1878, 63. " Murray, Lady Charlotte (d. 1808). OfAthol House, Scotland. ' The British Garden,"1799 ; ed.3, 180S : Eng. Bot., t. 404 ; Jacks., 407. " Murray, Patrick (fl. 1680). Baron of Livington. Pupil of Andrew Balfour. Collected 1000 plants at Livington before 1680, the nucleus of Edinb. Bot. Gard. Loudon, Encye. Gardening, 281. Livistona. A CHAT ABOUT FERNS. We take the following extracts from an interest- ing paper read by Mr. W. B. Latham, the Curator of the Birmingham Botanical Gardens, at a meeting of the Birmingham Gardeners' Association. In allusion to the early history of Ferns, Mr. Latham quoted from our old gardening writers, amongst others, Philip Miller, who, in his Gardeners' Dictionary, published in 176'!, in speaking of the common 1'olypodinm, says, " There are several other species of this plant which are natives of America, some of which are preserved in curious Botanick Gardens variety, but as they are rarely culti- vated in other gardens, it is not worth while to enumerate them in this place." Parkinson makes no mention of Ferns in hieParadisus 7Vrmlns,pablished in 1620, but in his work Parkinson's Herbal, or " Theatre of Plants," published in 1640, is referred to by James Bolton, of Halifax, who published a descriptive illustrated work on British Ferns in 1785, so that we may suppose that in his Herbal, Parkinson had some- thing to say about Ferns. Dr. Gustav Kunze, a German botanist, published in 1837, a descriptive work on Ferns, in which about thirty-seven species of exotic Ferns are beautifully illustrated, giving de- tailed drawings of the fronds and fructification, showing the sporangia, spores, indusium and scales. In another work by the same author, commenced in 1S44, and continued in parts for a few years, are coloured plates giving illustrated details as complete as in the former work, and (Mr. Latham goes on to say), "I know of no work on Ferns where the illustrations are given in the superb style these are." More re- cent writers on Ferns were mentioned, especially the late Mr. John Smith, the first Curator of the Royal Gardens at Kew, who ior upwards of forty years made F'erns a special study, under conditions so much more favourable than it is possible for a botanist, with onlv herbarium specimens before him. Mr. Smith had under his charge one of the best, if not the very best collection of living Ferns ever got to- gether, and to a great extent, by his own exertions. His knowledge of Ferns was marvellous, and a favourite study with him, and he gave us two most useful books — one, Ferns, British ami Foreign, pub- lished in 1866, a most complete list of Ferns to that date, useful to the student and cultivator of these plants. In 1875, was published his History of Ferns, a book teeming with information, and one no student of Ferns should be without, as showing the rapid increase in the number of species of Ferns under cultivation during the present century. The following quotations is from Smith's History of Ferns, 1875. " The total number of garden Ferns introduced previous to 1813 was eighty-three (this does not include British Ferns), and the entire collection of exotic Ferns at Kew at that period was not more than forty species. In 1846 there were 348 species in the Kew Gardens, and in 1857. 630 species were known in British gardens. In Ferns, British and Foreign, 1886, 164 genera are described, and 1028 species are enumerated." Mr. Latham further observed that at this period — say from 1840 on- March 22, 1890.] THE GARDE XE It S' CHRONICLE. 363 ward — great attention was paid to Ferns, both by the botanist and horticulturist, and if a complete list of cultivated Ferns could now be taken, we should have great difficulty in finding the same number of species in cultivation as was recorded some twenty and more years ago. One other name must be mentioned, that of the late Mr. Thomas Moore, who did so much for our know- ledge of Ferns, by determining new species and varieties. Mr. Latham, in this paper, treated of the formation of spores and their treatment for propagating purposes from the prothallus stage onwards, and stated that the first Fern known to have been raised from the spore in this country was at the Oxford Botanic Gardens in 1715, and commented on the length of time a Fern spore will retain its vitality under favourable condi- tions. Mr. Latham remarked, " I have raised Ferns from spores that have been in my possession for seven or eight years, and these have germinated and grown freely. One would hardly expect that this atom of life would grow after being kept in paper so long.'' The spore of a Fern differs from the seed of a flowering plant, inasmuch as it is an unfertilised body containing no embryo, and incapable of reproducing itself further than the prothallus state [except by buds. Ed.] until fertilisation takes place, and it will remain sometimes in this condition for months, and even years, but a prothallus (the first stage of vegetation from a spore) will die ultimately unless it possesses two minute organs underneath, the antheridia and the archegonia. These male and female bodies are quite microscopic, and are to be found on the under- neath side of the prothallus. The antheridia give off spermatozoids, which move about until they come into contact with and pierce the cells of the archegonia. Shortly after this contact takes place, a little growth will appear, and a little later, on close observation, a small frond may be seen pushing forth, and one after the other will follow until the plant under favourable conditions is fully developed. These organs of reproduction in Ferns were not known until Count Suminski, a Polish botanist, made the discovery in ISIS. Notices of Books. Fallow and Fodder Crops. By John Wright- ion. (Chapman & Hull, i A treatise by one who is not only a master of his subject practically, but one who, from the circum- stances of his position, has special opportunities of knowing what are the requirements of the farmer and how best to meet them, needs only to be men- tioned to command attention. Here we can do but little beyond pointing out the subjects with which Mr. Wrightson deals — these are bare fallows, root-crop fallows, Turnips, Mangel Wur/.el, and other roots, Rape, Kohl rabi, catch crops, summer fodder crops, Clover* and Seeds, and Ensilage. Bare-fallows do not commend themselves now-a-days to the gar- dener, but he, like the farmer, only has recourse to them when circumstances do not permit of any other course. In the great Rye-grass question, Mr. Wrightson sides with his colleague, I>r. Fream, and indeed the evidence seems to preponderate in favour of this unjustly maligned grass. Science and Scientists; tome papers on Natural History. By Rev. John Gerard, S.J. (London, 18, West Square.) A series of papers pungently written, and directed against that unscientific use of the imagination which is frequent now-a-days, and which will remain so as long as people prefer picturesque declamation and sensational statements to rigid investigation and accurate deduction. Mr. Grant Allen is one of the greatest sinners in this direction, and to him Father Gerard devotes much attention and not without reason, for while botanists can distinguish between what is true and what is the product of Mr. Allen's fecund imagination, the general reader is likely to gulp it all down, fact and fiction, as unassailable dogma. The more or less plausible hypotheses in which writers of facile pens indulge, have their value as hypotheses, but they should not be con- sidered as demonstrated facts, but only as fragments around which may crystallise and become co-ordi- nated facts, which otherwise would be isolated and devoid of significance. Some disciples have broken away from the method of Darwin. Patient explora- tion and careful probing, assiduous accumulation of evidence, were the means he employed before he committed himself to any statement, and no one wa3 more careful to keep apart what he knew and what he conjectured. How to Know Grasses by the Leaves. By A. N. M'Alpine. (Edinburgh : David Douglas.) This is a little treatise which we should strongly recommend to be used in schools in agricultural dis- tricts. When once the tutor had mastered its contents, which, with the grasses before him, he could easily do, he might demonstrate to his pupils, and make them find out for themselves the characters and distinguishing marks of the several grasses of our pasture land. Mr. M'Alpine relies largely on the colour of the leaf-sheaths, but does not neglect the more important points connected with the distribution of the nerves, the hairs, ligules, &c. Mr. M'Alpine has produced a very useful little book, which is recommended, moreover, by Professor Wallace, the Professor of Agriculture in Edinburgh University, in a highly eulogistic preface. Foreign Correspondence. BERLIN LETTER. Spuing has been with us since March 13; that day was, indeed, the first warm one. It is interesting to see how rapidly vegetation commences when the minimum of temperature necessary for the develop- ment of plants, though it is different in the different species, is surpassed. ( in the morning of March l.'i all was in winter-sleep ; at .'i o'clock in the afternoon many of the Crocuses, Galanthuses, Leucojums, and Scillas were in full flower. This reminded me of the rapid development of plants in spring at St. Peters- burgh, where at the commencement of the week all is in repose, but at the end of the same week in full growth. Horticulture may take a lesson from botany. Horticulture has been an empirical art up to this day, because horticulturists do not take notice of the results of the studies of botanists, or, rather, because botanists do not communicate their results to horti- culturists. It is well known to botanists, as well as to horticulturists, that each plant needs for its growth a minimum of warmth, as also that there exists both a maximum and an optimum of warmth for growth. Well, the general fact is known to both — to the theoretical man as well as to the practical one. The investigations of the former tell us what are the boundaries for a great many plants, or, at least, the lowest limit, as the upper extreme is never or seldom reached in our climate. Another example. The anatomical structure of leaf is adapted to the climate. Plants, which grow in an air saturated with moisture and of high tem- perature, show quite another structure as compared with those growing in a hot, dry climate. The ana- tomical structure is known to botanists in a great number of plants, and the theoretical man can say it priori, by seeing the anatomical structure of tbo leaf, whether the plant needs a dry or a moist atmo- sphere. Take Caryola propinqua. The leaves, though coriaceous, have but a thin cuticle. The practical man might be misled by the strong leaves. He would think that such a plant might stand in the open air, during summer, but that is by no means so. The plant will Buffer from the first dry wind, as was the case with a large specimen in the Vienna Bjtanical Garden. It was placed in a shady place, where no direct rays of the sun could reach it ; the next day a dry, warm east wind was blowing, and this killed the plant in a couple of hours. A third example. The leaves of Primula sinensis, as well as those of Pelargonium zonale, possess a great many glandular hairs, which are able to ab- sorb ammonia, and a great many facts of the same kind are known to botanists. If gardeners knew this fact, they would give those plants an aminoniacal atmosphere. Warmth and light are factors depending one on the other. Give a plant which grows in exposed situations in the tropics, where it receives the direct sun-rays, a situation in a hothouse in our climate, and it will sicken, as you cannot provide it with the requisite quantity of light in this climate, especially in hothouses. It will grow well if you will give it a temperature bearing a relation to the light available. This is the cause of the death of so many plants of the tropical regions in our hothouses. On the other hand, plants which grow in those regions under the shade of large trees, require from us a great quantity of warmth, although we can only give a little light. It would be a good thing to create horticultural experimental stations like those for agriculture. I should like to give you, in a second letter, a brief sketch of what such a horticultural experimental station should be. (Our Berlin Correspondent.) BELGIAN NOTES. [Fbom ouu Beloian Correspondent.] Meeting op the Brussels Orchidkene. — First of all we must mention the new Cattleya, C Reine des Beiges ; the plant and flowers of this suggest the idea that it may be a hybrid between C. Mendeli and C. Triamc, or between gigas and Trianai. MM. Vervaet et Cie have received this variety, with many others, from a lover of Orchids in Columbia, who has cultivated such plants for several years, and who has settled himself in succession in three different districts of this country, which is so rich in fine Orchids. The petals and sepals of the variety we are now considering are of extraordinary length and breadth, and the lip is of great size, and in shape and colour midway between thatof Triamc and that of Mendeli ; the edges are much curved and waved, and of a superb dark colour, which is neither like that of Triante nor that of Mendeli, but a cross between the two. A stem bearing two flowers will be sent to Messrs. Veitch, who are more likely than anyone else to appreciate and to describe it competently. We must notice a new Orchid from M. Vuylsteke which resembles Odontoglossum Scblllerianum, but the lip of it is white, much rounded, and spotted with quite tiny blood-red dots. M. Linden showed a Zygopetalum (?), the lip of which was white, and which had sepals ami petals of dark brown, the flowers exhaled a subtle per- fume. M. Jules Hye showed some fine plants already mentioned in a notice of the meeting at Ghent. M. G. Warocquo had a variety of Odonto- glossum; a spotted specimen of O. Pescatorei, and a vigorous plant of a good variety of O. cristatum. M. Wallaert showed a Cattleya Trianre, remai k- able for the prominent streaks on the sepals and petals ; these streaks are of the same dark colour as is the lip. The plant flowered three times, and always exhibited the same characteristics as on the first occasion ; the foliage has been carefully noticed, and on it are found the streaks and markings of 0. Peetersi and O. Hardyana. M. Miteau exhibited, among other noticeable plants, a fine variety of Ccelogyne cristata Lemoniana, with large petals, and of good habit. M. Linden had some fine specimens of Cattleya Trianoe and Odontoglossum triumphans. Lieoe. — A Livistona chinensis of unusual size has recently been cut down in the Botanic Garden of Lioge. The trunk measured more than 35 feet in 364 THE GAFDENEBS' CTIFONICLE. [March 22, 1890. height, the crown contained fifty-eight well formed leaves, eight nearly formed, or some which were scarcely visible. Brussels.— Plans have been prepared for the construction of an annexe to be erected in that part of the Botanic Garden, of Brussels, which faces the Kue Botanique. This annexe is to contain a hall lor exhibitions of plants, a lecture-room, library, &c. Le Journal des Orchidias. Under this title has appeared the first number of a practical cultural guide, published fortnightly under the editorship of M. Lucien Linden, director of " L'Horticulture Internationale," and secretary to the " Orchideene." KEW NOTES. The Wild Garden. — This delightful spot at Kew has within the last few days assumed quite a gay aspect. The golden coloured Crocuses — the large purples and whites, besides the numerous and varied species all mixed together, looking as if they really liked their Kew home. Hellebores of the orientalis group, in variety ; the Glory of the Snow — Chiono- doxa Lucilia;, is quite naturalized. Scilla bifolia, and S. sibirica, Snowdrops, the Giant Elwesii, as well as large patches of the old type. Innumerable flowers of many varieties of Daffodils, the most plentiful being Pallidus praicox, which has been planted on the high ground, and is now nicely in flower. On the lower ground, near the Cumberland Gate, and facing the rock-garden, is a sea of double varieties of Narcissus — N. odorus, the common daffodil, and various others. The experiment with Hyacinths and Tulips on the sunny side facing the Palm House does not seem to have turned out as was expected, as the blooms are not so strong or numerous as last year. Close by here is a fine group of Scarlet Anemones ; and Hepaticas are flowering nicely. Anemone blanda, now nicely in flower in the rock garden, is one of the most charming of all the windflowers we have yet seen in gardens. Beginning to flower with the Snowdrop and Christmas Rose to- wards the middle or end of December, it has been continuously in flower until the present, and although perhaps showing only a few flowers at a time, their fine rich tint is much deeper than in those of A. apennina, are very welcome whenever we have a spell of open weather. A. blanda has been rather a scarce plant, but we believe a large importation has been received from xVrmenia, and we now hope to see it established in every garden ; Mr. Ingram, at Belvoir Castle Gardens, has established it in the wild garden at that place, where it seeds freely, and forms a large patch. A. apennina is already showing flower, and though not so desirable in point of beauty as blanda, it flowers much later, and may be used with advan- tange to follow that species. A. a. alba — the pure white form, is a very charming rock plant, and where planted in sheltered nooks, it shows flower early in March, and continues in bloom until the middle of April. D. AOTUS GRACILLIMA. Of the comparatively few New Holland plants which find favour now-a-days in gardens, this is one of the prettiest and most easily grown. In habit, it much resembles Epacris, having long, slender, and extremely graceful shoots, thickly clothed with small dark green leaves. Shoots from 1 to 2 feet long are made in a single season, the greater portion being covered with flowers during the months of March and April. The plants belong to Leguminosa;, and is nearly allied to Pultensea. The small pea- flowers are yellow with a few brownish-crimson markings. It is now flowering in the temperate- house at Kew, a bush 3 feet high, and as much through, being planted out in the beds. For decorative work, however, plants in 0 or 8-inch pots are the most useful. After flowering, the shoots should be shortened back nearly to the old wood, and the plants given rather close and moist condi- tions. When the new growth is about 2 inches loDg, they may, if necessary, be repotted ; they prefer, however, rather small pots. A compost of peat, leaf-soil, and sand is the best for them, and an ordinary greenhouse temperature throughout the year. Propagation is effected by the young shoots when about 2 inches long, with a heel of the old wood attached, and inserting them firmly in pots of very sandy peat, covering with a bell glass. Camellia reticulata. Beyond the numerous forms of C. japonica, this genus is but little known in gardens. At Kew about half-a-dozen distinct species are grown which show the genus to have a wide range in habit as well as in X-3CJO V>H Fig. 54.— the bclb mite ix various staoes the shape and size of the flowers. The finest of all is undoubtedly C. reticulata. The flowers are an admirable contrast to the stiff, formal blooms of C. japonica. We have seen this species in fine condi- tion in the Horticultural Society's garden at Chis- wick. The leaves are deep green, leathery, and reticulated as the name implies ; and altogether the plant is most desirable, well worthy of a more ex- tensive cultivation. If". B. The Art of Landscape Gardening — Mr. A. M. Kkttlewell has published a small pamphlet, setting forth some of the principles of landscape gardening, and has said as much as his very limited space will allow. Surely it is an error to describe a tree as the noblest object of inanimate nature, IRIS SINDJARENSIS. (Boiss and Haussk, sp. 1IOV.) This novelty, thanks to the enthusiasm and energy of M. Leichtlin of Baden-Baden, has just flowered for the first time at Kew, and although not deserving a very high place as a garden plant, it may be called passable, and it is one that will appeal to many growers of hardy plants on account of its early flowering. In the Flora Orientalis it is placed between I. pakestina and I. Stocksii, and is not very far removed from the well known- I. caucasica, which it very much resembles in habit and general appearance. There seems to be quite a group of Irises nearly allied.to I. Sindjarensis, which so far as we know have not yet been introduced to cultiva- tion, I. Stocksii, I. fumosa, and I. Aitchisonii being prominent amongst the number. From I. pahestina it differs in being many instead of one flowered, in the longer and much narrower leaves, besides other minor differences in the shape of the floral organs. In I. Sindjarensis the bulb is elongate oblong, and in this it resembles I. orchioides more nearly than I. caucasica. The leaves 1 to 1 j inch broad, 6 to 8 inches long, lanceolate, acute, distichous, bright glossy green, the margins irregularly undulated, flowers 3 to o, produced from the base of the upper leaves, of an almost uniform pale blue colour ; standards reflexed, obovate, pale blue, falls pale blue with darker blue lines, crest prominent, and yellow marked to the base with purple, and yellow bars ; styles pale blue, darker towards the base ; anthers and filaments, white. The plant is found in the deserts of Mesopotamia, and at the foot of the Sindjar and Gebel mountains, Taktak. It flowers in May, D. Dewar. Home Correspondence. QUASSIA, BIRDS, AND BUDS.— Under the head- ing of " Birds and Flowers " your correspondent, the Rev. C. Wolley Dod, p. 207, states that birds do not like anything that has a bitter taste, he having found that by syringing his Crocuses with an infusion of Quassia chips it prevented sparrows and pheasants from touching them, and he also hints that the same might be applied to our fruit buds as a preventative of the depredations of bullfinches. Now this might prove misleading, and cause annoyance to gardeners who may have to guard their bushes and trees against these birds, for it has been proved that they readily take the buds from Plums, Currants and Goose- berriess after Quassia water has been sprinkled over the bushes, and also if soot and lime were added to the Quassia water. Bullfinches will destroy the buds of the black Currant, which I have never known them to do before last year ; and a friend tells me that his black Currant bushes have suffered also this year. Netting the bushes is not always a protection unless it be fine meshed, for the bullfinch will get through it, so that nothing remains to be done but to shoot the birds. A, Bishop. POTATO PLANTING.— It will not be a matter for surprise if Potato breadths are planted somewhat earlier than usual this year. Certainly it is not prudent to take anything relating to the weather for granted ; but judging by its present aspect there seem to be specially favourable conditions for planting. Ordinarily, April is the best Potato - planting month, and so it should be at all times for first early varieties ; but late sorts, the tubers of which lie dormant at least a couple of weeks longer than do those of early varieties, may be planted in March with assured safety, as probably fully five weeks will elapse before growth appears above ground. It may be asked " What advantage is gained by planting so early, if growth is not accelerated ? " Well, the fact is, growth does take place below the surface, if slowly at least surely. So soon as the shoots break from the eyes of the tubers, they throw out rootlets, and these establish themselves in the soil, so that by the time the shoots are aboveground the roots have become strong, and capable of giving support to the shoots. When tubers are planted later, the soil being warmer, and the sunlight i owerfully aftractive, shoots are drawn up through t le soil al i ost before the roots are thrown o«t, and the p ants are far Maech 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 365 leas able to withstand heat and drought than are those from earlier planted sets. Of course there is to be faced in all cases the danger arising from late spring frosts, but that is ever a danger, plant either so early only where there are no such visitants as late spring frosts, or some protection can be given to the tender tops. Planting all the same must be depen- dent upon the condition of soil, and favourable I'm. 65. — mis stNDjAnfcNsts. (see p. 301.; in March or April, as late spring frosts are erratic, and never more harmful than when they come in May. If precocious sprouting varieties of l'otatos be planted so early as March, great risk is run as to the effect of spring frosts in April, and it is safe to plant for planting as that condition now is, it is wiser on the whole to take all risks and plant early than it is to wait until April, and to tind that heavy rains have saturated the ground, and rendered it for the time un- workable. At this time last year the ground was work- ing so strong and stiff that a worse planting season could hardly be remembered. Now the soil is the very converse, especially where recently broken up. No wonder that such admirable conditions are being availed of, and generally large breadths are being planted, whilst Pea sowings are more than usually considerable. Throughout the market garden dis- tricts of Middlesex, Potatos are planted with the aid of the dibber. The old practice of planting in the furrow before the plough, seems to have died out con- siderably. By that arrangement not only were the sets laid on to the hard base left by the plough, but the whole body of the following ridge of soil was thrown open upon them, giving a thick and some- times hard body of covering for the tender shoots to struggle through. Planting with the dibber leads to the sets being inserted in the furrows left by the plough, the slight hardening of the soil about the sets made by the dibber being rather helpful than otherwise. The sets are in that way also buried somewhat more shallow, and being covered with loose soil by the hoes, have a comparatively easy matter to get well through. It is the rule, however, to well cross-harrow the soil after the planting is done, and, so left, not only are the sets evenly covered, but the surface is in admirable tilth for flat-hoeing later. By dibbling into every third furrow, a width of about 27 inches, all trouble as to marking out lines is avoided. Dibbling when the soil has previously been deeply worked, facilitates planting rapidly, and that is advantageous where extensive breadths have to be got in. In a private garden, 100 rods of Potatos may seem a big breadth ; but some of our market growers plant 100 acres, and it i3 a very heavy job. Even then, after- cultivation includes considerable labour ; but the horse-hoe is a most valuable implement, of which we have no counterpart in ordinary garden cul- tivation ; but then our soil is, as a rule more deeply worked, and gets in the planting less hard trampling. The horse-hoe enables the surface-soil to b e moved fully 4 inches deep between the rows of Potatos, and destroys weeds at the same time. Then the moulding plough follows after, and com- pletes the cultivation needful till the digging time comes. Some of the labour may seem to private gardeners to partake of the rough-and-ready sort ; but it is pretty successful, and fairly cheap — a great necessity now when good Potatos sell from the ground at £3 per ton. A. D. SWEET SCABIOUS.— This is exceedingly useful for cutting from, and from a packet of seed many beautiful coloured varieties are produced. If wanted for bed- ding out to bloom this season, the seed should be sown at once and placed in heat, and when the seed- lings are large enough potted up into 60-flized pots. To form bushy plants pinch out the centre of each plant when about (> inches high. The tall variety, which as a rule attains the height of 2 feet, is very suitable for filling up back rows in borders, while the dwarfs make handsome beds. //. .1/. DAPHNE CNEORUM.— This charming little trail- ing but compact shrub should be grown wherever the soil is favourable. It delights in peat and in very free moist soils, but in dry and stiff soils usually proves a failure, but where once it is seen to flourish its planting should be extended. It grows from 0 to 10 inches in height, and bears a multitude of rosy-lilac flowers, with unopened buds of crimson in duly. The flower heads are very compact, and so deliciously sweet scented that where much grown the air often seems charged with its fragrance. It is a beautiful object as an edging round dwarf shrubs in the American garden, where I use it. In front of mixed borders a margin here and there should be finished oil' at the grass line ; it is a most useful plant to cut from, standing well afterwards. It makes up well into button-holes if mixed with the finely small cut, or oak-leaf (ieranium. It is usually increased by layers. A. Emns, Lythe Hill. SEEDLING DENDROBE. — I have at the present time a seedling Dendrobitim Devonianum bearing three flowers, it being twenty three months from the time of sowing the seed. The first pseudobulb was 1 inch in length, the second '.) inches. Is not this rather quick for a seedling Dendrobe to flower ? J. Etherton, Harringay Park, N. EUCHARIS AMAZONICA. — An illustration of a nice pot of IOucharis, with thirty-six spikes, was given at p. 193, but I would venture to ask what your correspondent would think of a plant with over 200 spikes, which was the number on our plant this 366 THE GAkbtiNEk® CHBONTCLE. [Mahch 22, 1SD0. winter. From a cultural point, too, I would say, that there is more difficulty in obtaining a nice bloom in February than in autumn. For the last twelve years we have not considered it an unusual occurrence to have a pot of Eucharis with fifty or more spikes of flowers. Some years since one of our plants, no larger than the one illustrated, bore about 100 spikes of flower in one year — forty-nine spikes at the first flowering, and the rest in two other flower- ings within the year. After the fioweriDg of this fine pot, which was a 15- inch one, the bulbs were divided, they having been excessively crowded together in the pot. Our treatment is just the ordinary one of a plant stove — 60° to 65° in winter, and 90° in the daytime in the summer. We employ Eucharis in part as a base on which to stand speci- men Crotons, Ixoras, and other tall plants. They have shade in summer, when it can be afforded them without injury to other plants. 1 have tried to grow Eucharis in pans, as it is not a deep-rooting plant ; but I prefer the pots as having more soil, and keeping a damper bottom than pans. I never use bones in the soil, which consists of half peat and loam. Manure- water is never given overhead. In the summer, or when growing fast, we are not afraid to give them water ; but in winter the greater part is afforded by means of the syringe, i?. M. CUTTINGS. — Where flower-beds are many, there are large numbers of plants required to fill them in a satisfactory manner, and there is yet time to pro- pagate soft-wooded plants for this purpose. The gardener is often hampered for want of what he thinks is a suitable place in which to strike the cut- tings, but given a hotbed of leaves and dung, much can be done in this way and for raising seedlings. Long dung as it comes from the stables, and tree leaves, preferably Oak, Chestnut, or Beech, in about equal proportions, should be thrown together to get heated, and afterwards turned over twice or thrice in the course of ten days or a fortnight to sweeten before being made into a bed of about 5 feet high at the back and 4 feet at the front, and about (5 inches larger than the frame that will be placed on it ; putting sufficient of the fermenting materials inside the frame to raise the bed to within 4 or 5 inches of the glass, after that enough sawdust, leaf-mould, coal-ashes, so as to be able to plunge the cutting-pots to the rims. Afterwards make up linings with dung and leaves about 15 inches wide all round, and up to the top of the frame, more at this time of year with a view to keep the cold out than to impart heat to the interior of frame. H. W. Ward. THALICTRUM MINUS (MEADOW RUE).— It is sur- prising that this plant has not recommended itself more strongly since the rage for cut flowers and self- adornments has set in. It is a native of Britain. The leaves of the plant are equally well adapted for mingling with cut flowers, as is the Adiantum, and better in one respect. Its growths are of a pretty firm and wiry nature, and do not fade quickly, like those of the Fern. It will thrive in almost any soil, forms an excellent subject in the mixed border, gives no trouble after planting, if a little attention is paid to it as regards pinching off the flowers, which are small and inconspicuous. Grown in a pot and plunged, it does well on the rockwork, and is as hardy as the common Dandelion. There are numerous other species, but this is much the best for the purposes I recommend. A. Evans, Li/tkc Hill. THE WINTER AND PARSLEY.— This compara- tively open or mild winter has proved far more destructive to Parsley than that of 1880, or any previous ones for ten years. This is the more sur- prising as the destruction of the Parsley happened long before the really severe frosts of March. In not a few gardens the destruction is complete, not a living crown nor a green leaf seems left, and this notwithstanding the warnings suggested by last winter. Either our curled strains are becoming more tender, or mild winters have more destructive force over Parsley than the old-fashioned ones of average severity. D. T. F. THE FROST AS A ROSE PRUNER.— It Came tliarp and strong at last, and cut not a few of the tenderer varieties back to the ground line, but. seldom has it found such a profusion of green food as this March. Some had already done their first pruning, cutting back to dormant buds ; but I think that a mistake. As soon as the Roses feel the first cut of the knife the dormant buds become active, and now those early pruned Roses have those base buds that ought to have slept till April frozen black as one's hat, though they have few or no successors. Rosa. THE LATE FROSTS.— The late severe frost came on us so suddenly, that the Apricots which we could not protect fared very badly, but the Peaches, fortu- nately, escaped injury, the buds not having burst; but at the present time they are fully expanded. We registered, on March 4, 22° of frost, our thermometer (a Dollaud) standing 3 feet from the surface of the ground, facing north-east. W. L., Newbridge House, Bath. PLAGIOLIRION HORSMANII — In reference to Sir Chas. Strickland's query in the issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle, for March 8, as to whether Plagiolirion Horsmanii was planted out in the open ground at Messrs. Sander & Co.'s, I am able to inform him that it is not, but is planted in a border in the new Cattleya- house, and therefore is subjected to the same temperature as is given to the Cattlevas. I fear that this plant will never be grown out of doors in this country the year round, but it is possible to grow it in a warm and somewhat damp and shady spot during the summer months, and afterwards under shelter during the winter ; but this course would probably hinder free blooming. John Weathers. PLANT SHELTERS.— I have found the shelters of which I wrote to you on October 22, 1887, p. 503, and again on December 14, 1889, p. 700, so very useful in the sudden great changes of weather to which we have been lately exposed, that 1 will ask you to find room for another short notice. The Osier coops which we first used, though protected by the green scrim, cannot, I fear, last for many years ; we have, therefore, had frames made of gal- vanised iron wire. These are quite light to carry, and may be made of the size of an ordinary round hen- coop at about 2s. each, and in sets of 1 foot high, and 12, 13, 14, and 15 inches across at about 9d. each shelter. So far, we have only had the coop size in use, but I have no doubt the smaller size will be suffi- cient to protect small plants in flower from frost and rough weather. Cyclamen Atkinsii has been for some time in great beauty with us, and many of the species of Crocus and other spring flowers. The thermometer on a little house in Wisley wood fell to 8° ; the shelters have, therefore, been well tried. They should also be of service placed over newly moved plants, and to shade flowers. Geon/e F. Wilson. DIANTHUS CHINENSIS, DOUBLE. — There is still plenty of time if the seed be sown at once to get plants large enough to plant out by the middle of May. The flowers are very useful for cutting from and arranging lightly in vases ; they last a long time in water, and some of the doubles are not far short of Picotees in size. When rearing the Dianthus for bedding out, care should be taken that the plants are not drawn up, or they become soft and seldom flower satisfactorily when put out. Sow in pans or shallow boxes, place them in heat, and when the plants get fairly well established grow them on as hardy as possible. H. Markl/am. A DISTINGUISHED VISITOR. — An admirable opportunity will offer on Tuesday next at the Drill Hall, Westminster, for paying a distinguished visitor of the meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society a merited compliment. I think I stand almost alone in urging that whenever specially distin- guished horticulturists visit the meetings, the superin- tendent or the hon. secretary of the Society should have authority to invite such persons to take seats at the various committee tables, according to choice or fitness, for the time as honorary members. The suggestion perhaps, because it is made outside and not from within the council, has never been adopted. The result is that when men of ex- ceptional eminence attend the meetings, if not one of the council elect, they are shut out for the time from taking part in the meeting's proceedings. The result is an apparent evidence of uncourteousness and of isolation. <_)n Tuesday next that undoubtedly eminent French horticulturist, Mr. II. de Vilmorin, will be visiting the Drill Hall. He has been thought worthy of an invite to read a paper in the afternoon on Saladings, and yet under the restricted regulations which now govern the construc- tion of the Society's committees, he is not eligible to sit at the table of either of those bodies. [He may be invited by the chairman, and at any rate we know that course has been followed. Ed.] None the less, Mr. de Vilmorin is a horticultural giant, as compared with many of those now privileged to sit on those committees". Mr. W. Ingram, who follows Mr. de Vilmorin at the first April meeting, is happily a sort of honorary member of the Floral Committee, for his opportunities of attendance are few; but Mr. Wolley Dod, who reads on April 22, is on neither of the permanent committees, unless the Scientific Committee is to be included in that term. [Certainly. Ed] Why not make all readers of papers for the yt ar lunorary members of all the permanent committees for the period, so that when present they may sit with which body they prefer ? A. D. TECOPHIL^EA CYANEO CROCEA — This is un- doubtedly one of the most beautiful of half-hardy spring flowering plants. The flowers are funnel- shaped, much resembling those of Convolvulus, and of the shade of blue found in Gentiana acaulis. Small bulbs are one-flowered at first, but as they increase in size, several are produced in succession for the space of two months. Although it might be hardy in some localities, it is preferable to give the plants the shelter of a cold frame— planting the bulbs in light sandy soil. Reproduction is by means of seed and division of the bulbs. G. It. HOME-GROWN LILY OF THE VALLEY.— At one time it was thought that Lily of the Valley could not be grown in England equal to that imported, but this idea is now exploded by Mr. Jannach, of Der- singham, who cultivates roots for the market, and by Mr. Wallis, gr. to Captain Prettyman at Orwell Park, who grows all that he requires for forcing and gathering from in the open, and the spikes number twenty to twenty- five large bells each. There are several varieties of the plant, and if Mr. Wallis will tell us how he started with his stock, and the plan he adopts, he will be conferring a benefit on many readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle. J. Sheppard. GILLYFLOWERS.— Mention on page 25'J of these flowers remind us of the objection shown towards them or rather the striped or pied forms (so very common even now in gardens), by Perdita, in Shake- speare's Winter's Tale. That Shakespeare in putting certain expressions respecting striped flowers into Perdita's month has thus given utterance to his own opinions there can be no doubt, opinions still largely shared in so far as the true Gillyflowers, both by the poet and Tusser, as well apparently of the Tudor a^e, Stocks and Wallflowers are concerned. If we do not designate striped Stocks and Wall- flowers as bastards, it is not because we do not think them to be such, but rather seek for more refined terms to apply. It would seem as if Per- dita's dislike to striped Stocks and Wallflowers ex- tended to Carnations also, and it may have been, no mention being made of others ; that all, or at least most, of the Carnations of that age were flaked or striped. But the objection entertained to pied Gilly tlowernow does not extend to Carnations, at least, not with the florist, although there are some gardeners who greatly prefer the self colours found with us so abundantly in gardens. We are so much the better off than was poor Perdita, that, whilst we have a multitude of garden flowers which are not pied, our Wallflowers and Stocks show that defect only in inferior strains. That it was the practice in Shakespeare's day to propagate Stocks and Wall- flowers too, by means of cuttings would seem evident from Perdita's observations, unless the remarks as to cuttings be limited to Carnations only. The references by Tusser and other gardeners of some 350 years ago, seem to settle conclusively the point as to what flowers were designated Gillyflowers by our forefathers, and in some rural districts the term seems now better known than it is by educated people. A. D. SHRUBBERIES. The principal object of forming belts or clumps of evergreen or deciduous shrubs or trees in the vicinity of residences and gardens, See., is generally that of separating certain portions of the grounds from others, the concealing of what may be considered as unsightly objects, if any such exist, as well as for the purpose of affording shelter and seclusion to walks, drives, &c. Where all this is skilfully accomplished it not unfre- quently has the effect of making grounds of but imited extent appear larger than they really are ; still there is probably no part of a garden more frequently mismanaged than the ehrubberies ; and iiiBcn 22, i.S'JO.J THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 367 this circumstance may possibly, in some measure, be ascribed to the system usually followed of planting them with a mixture of species of plants, and this often without regard to the habit of growth and the ultimate dimensions to which the plants will in course of time attain, and the consequence is a straggle for life, in which the weaker (^although often the choicer) plants will of necessity get worsted ; and this in the pleasure-garden, where everything ought to ati'ord pleasure and enjoyment. To avoid these mishaps, the choicer and the dwarfer growing species should be placed near to the margin of the belt or clump, and strong and rapid-growing species of plants towards the back or central parts. A still better plan, however, is that of following a judicious system of grouping, which will afford a sufficient scope for variety, and in all respects is more satis- factory than a mixed plantation. Nearly all evergreen shrnbs show to more advan- tage in groups than when mixed with other thing*, and these groups may be so selected as regards their contents, and disposed as to effect, that every de- sired object is obtained, namely shelter, separation of the various parts of the grounds from each other, &c. The Common Holly is an admirable and effec- tive group-plant, and the gold and silver margined varieties are exceedingly ornamental when thus planted, while the same plants placed in a mixed shrubbery lose much of their effect, or appear out of place. The same may be said of th> Common Yew and its variegated and other varieties. The Arbutus is a fine free flowering evergreen plant that forms a beautiful group, or solitary plant, although during exceptionally severe winters, if occupying a low or damp situation, it is apt to get injured; and the same may be said of the Laurustinus and the Aucuba, in most of its varieties. On the other hand, the Rhododen- dron and many so-called American plants are per- fectly hardy, and are too well known to require any- thing to be said in their praise. These it is usual to plant in groups by themselves, and generally because of their requiring peat or light sandy loam, and which has mostly to be brought from a distance. Nearly every evergreen and deciduous species of shrub is adapted to form a group, large or small, according to habit and height to which it grows, &c. The common Laurel is a plant very freely ased in the planting of shrubberies. It is nevertheless far from being the most suitable plant for this purpose, as in some kinds of soil it does not continue in a healthy state for many years, and during severe winters it is frequently injured, which is not the case with the Portugal Laurel, a very much hardier plant, and one in all respects to be preferred to the former. In cases where it is desirable to form groups of tall growing deciduous trees, the necessarily wide spaces between such trees may with advantage be planted with dwarf growing evergreen plants, many varieties of which are known to succeed under the shade of trees, such as the Tree Box, Mahonia aqui- folia, and other Uerberis, or even the common Irish Ivy, Butcher's Broom. It is, of course, desirable to produce a pleasing effect during winter as well as in summer, and the desired effect of a plantation is thought by some to be impaired during winter by the leafless condition of plants that are bare of leaves at that time, and when the primary object of the group or belt is that of shelter or protection, deciduous species should be altogether excluded, as it is during the winter and spring months when the warmth and shelter of a plantation of evergreens is most appreciated. [Is there no beauty in the buds and twigs in winter, and in the Bigns of returning life in the spring? Ed.] In cases where the mixed shrubbery may be preferred to an arrangement of groups, each group consisting of one specie, as has been already recommended, the habit of growth, and the dimensions to which the various specimens will be likely to attain, should be well considered, and the specimens planted at such a distance from each other as to admit of the natural development of the plants ; while the necessarily somewhat wide spaces between the plants, which are destined ultimately to form the plantation, may, in order to produce an immediate effect — if that be desirable — be filled up with the common species, which may be removed when it becomes necessary to give more space to the others. The margin of shrubberies or groups are some- times occupied by herbaceous plants, which, though somewhat incongruous, may have nevertheless a pretty effect during the summer, but they detract from the beauty of the pleasure-grounds in winter by allowing so much bare soil to be seen. There are, however, abundance of dwarf shrubs, which are orna- mental at all seasons, and much better suited for the purpose than herbaceous plants, such as the Meze- reum, Cornus mascula variegata, which commences to bloom early in January, and is ornamental at all seasons ; Potentilla fruticosa, or the shrubbv Cinque- foil ; the Prickly Batcher's Broom, many species of the Cistus, or Rock Rose; Cotoneasters, Ribes, Genistas, hardy winter-flowering Heaths, &c. ; and to these may with advantage be added a fringe of winter Aconite or Snowdrops. P. G. [Ajuga rep- tans, Saxifragas, Ivies, Hepaticas, Violas, Carna- tions, early-flowering Daffodils, Sedums, Skimmias, are all good things for rilling in the foreground of groups and belts when the bare earth is disliked. Ed.] is attached to the subject in Sugar producing coun- tries, as it opens up an entirely new field of investi- gation in regard to Sugar-cane cultivation. Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Scientific Committee. March 11. — Professor Church in the chair. Pre- sent : Messrs. Blandford, Wilks, Morris, Drs. Hugo Muller, Frank Oliver. Scott, Masters, and Professor Marshall Ward. Plante. — Mr. Morris read the terms of an application for a sum of money from the Government grant administered by the Royal Society, to be devoted to the partial payment of the expenses connected with the inquiry into the com- position of London fog, with special reference to those of its constituents that are injurious to plants. Fruit nf Loranthus. — Mr. Morris stated, on the authority of Professor Oliver, that the fruit of Loranthus attached to the panicle of the Sugar- cane, as exhibited at a previous meeting, was I,. americanas. Sugar Mr. Blandford reported that the moth mentb .1 at the last meeting, as injuring Sugar-canes in St. Vincent, wasDiatr.xa sacch'aralis. The beetle alluded to on the same occasion is known as Xyleborns perforans, and was originally described I'v Wnllaston in his Catalogue of th I p. 96. It occasions great injury to the bungs of the wine casks in Madeira, Wollaston (band it commonly feeding in the stems of Jatropha curcas. _ Setdlingt of Sugar < me.— We. Morris, in con- tinuation of information placed before the com- mittee on December I11, ex hi hited specimens of mature seeds of the common Sugar-cane (Saccharum ollici- narum). There were also shown germinating seeds, some plants, drawings of the flower, and dissections of the fruit (caryopsis) in detail. Mr. Morris stated that there appeared to be no authentic record of any really wild station for the Sugar-cane. Further that the fruit of the Sugar-cane had not hitherto been figured or described. At Barbados several times during the last twenty years, and more recently by Professor Harrison and Mr. Boucli, self- snwn seedlings of the Sugar-cane had been observed. The subject was taken up systematically in 1888, ami about sixty of the seedlings had been raised to mature canes. Many of these exhibited well-marked charac- teristics, differing from the varieties growing near them. Careful inquiry had shown that canes known as the " Purple Transparent" and "White Trans- parent," and possibly also the " Bourbon " cane, pro- duced seeds in very moderate quantities. Spikelets received at Kew had been examined and the seed found in situ. A description with figures had re- cently been laid before the Linnean Society bv Mr. Morris. It is anticipated that by cross-fertilisation, and a careful selection of seedlings, it will now be possible to raise new and improved varieties of Sugar- cane, and renew the constitutional vigour of plants that have become deteriorated through continuous cultivation by cuttings or slips. Great importance EDINBURGH BOTANICAL. March 13 —The Society met in the evening at 5 St. Andrew Square, Mr. Lindsay, President, in the chair. The following communications were made ;— 1. " On the Nature of the Rings of Wood in some Species of Trees in Central Uruguay." With Micro- scopic Demonstration. By David Christison, M.D., 2. " Notes on Recent Additions to the Flora of the Moffat District." By J. Thorbum Johnstone Moffat. Communicated by Professor Balfour. 3. " Notes to aid in a further knowledge of the lroducts of North-western Afghanistan and of North-eastern Persia." By J. E. T. Aitchison, AI.Jj,, C.I.E., F.ll S. 4. *' Exhibition of the Type-specimens of Indian Grasses used by Mr. W. Coldstream in the illustra- tion of his 'Orasses of the Southern Punjab,' and now presented to the Society." By Hugh F C Cleghorn, M.D., LL.D., F.RS.E., F\L.S. 5. " .Microscopic Demonstration of the Tissues of some Plant-hybrids and of their Parents." Bv J. M. Macfarlane, D Sc, F.RS.E. 6. " On Temperature and Vegetation at the Royal Botanic Garden." By R. Lindsay, Curator. on the Open-air Vegetation in the Edinburgh Garden for February. — The month of l'ebruary has been, on the whole, favourable, having been dry and cold generally. The thermometer was at or below freezing point on nineteen mornings, indicating collectively 101° of frost for the month.'as against 103° for the corresponding month last year. No very low readings were registered, the lowest being on the (ith, 2-1 J ; 7th, 22°; 8th, 22°; 0th, 21°; 11th. 21°. The lowest day temperature was on the' 8th, 34°, and the highest on the 23rd, 59°. Slight falls of snow occurred on seven days, and rain on four days. Vegetation generally is well forward. A large number of spring flowers are in blossom. Ribes, Thorns, Lilacs, and other hardy shrubs are fast starting into growth ; deciduous trees, such as Elm, Poplar, and Alder, are bearing enormous quantities of flower-buds. Many half-hardy Australian and New Zealand plants are still quite safe in the open borders, without their having been protected from frost, Spring-flowering bulbs, having received but little check, are flowering very profusely, and are fully up to the average in richness and quality of blossom, There is every prospect of the season being a good and early one. The following spring-flowering plants annually recorded to the Society came into flower in February, viz. :— Symphytum caucasicum and Arabis albida, on the 1st; Nordmannia cordifolia, 2nd; Scilla bifolia, 15th; Iris reticulata, 16th ; Mandra- goravernnlis, 18th; Sisyrinchiumgrundirlorum album 26th ; Scilla bifolia alba, 28th. On the rock garden, twenty-five species came into llower during the month, the most interesting being Chionodoxa sardensis, Corydalis angustifolia, Crocus suaveolens, Daphne Blagayana, Doronicum caucasi- cum, Erica carnea, Galanthus Redoutei, Iris reticu- lata, Narcissus minimus, Rhododendron prmeox, Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. Burseriana multiflora, Scilla bifolia alba. The following plants in flower were exhibited from the Royal Botanic Garden : — Crocus Imperati albifiora, Chionodoxa sardensis, Daphne Blagayana, Narcissus cyclamineus, N. citrinus, Pinguicula lutea, Pyxidanthera barbulata, Saxifraga Stracheyi. From Mr. Banbury's garden at La Mortola, Ventiiniglia. Italy, by Mr. Sewell : F'ruits of species of Gourds, Eucalyptus, Martynia, Solamim, Hakea, and Casuarina, were exhibited. Botanic Garden of Glasgow. Remarks on Tem- perature, Vegetation, $a., for February 1890. — The high mean temperature experienced last month, was continued for the first two or three days of this month, 7° of frost being registered on the night of the Ith. Since then we have had continued cold. Frost was registered on twenty nights, the remainder being very cold. The lowest reading was 2,'S3 (9° of frost), and the total frost for the month 87°, and four times at the freezing point. Cold north' and north-east winds were frequent, also an unusual number of hazy, foggy, sunless days. The warmth THE GAB DENE US'' CHRONICLE, [March 22, 1890. of the sun was felt here only twice during the month. i.e., on the 5th and 23rd. The continued cold days and nights have thoroughly retarded vegetation ; this is a fortunate circumstance. Fortunately only hardy plants of foreign origin which, despite all acclimatization, will persist annually in pushing early growth, have suffered to any appreciable extent. MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANICAL AND HORTICULTURAL. Mabch 18.— The Council of the Royal Botanic and Horticultural determined to open the season with a flower show in the Town Hall. Unlike most of the exhibitions promoted by this Society, the intention was to have a variety of exhibits from nur- serymen and gentlemen — more of the general order — to give the citizens an opportunity of seeing what can be done in general, rather than in the formal arrangements of subjects set down for exhibition. That they succeeded in bringing out a lot of specially fine contributions almost goes without saying. And what enhances the importance of an exhibition from a sight-seeing, and therefore paying, point of view, the day was splendid. Even the murky canopy that generally hangs over Cottonopolis had disappeared, and the public flocked in such numbers as must have given general satisfaction to all concerned. The group of plants in the post of honour towards the orchestra was contributed by the Botanic Gar- dens, and Mr. Findlay put up a very showy and imposing group, consisting of both pinnated-leaved and Fern-leaved forms, of such as Cocos plumosus, C. Weddeliana, Areca lutescens, Kentias of sorts, and some Latanias. The foreground was brightened with a grand lot of well-grown Hyacinths of the popular kinds, that have been in exhibit for years, and seem yet to hold ground against all rivals. Then Azalea amcena, Cliveas in great floriferousness, plen- teous Deutzias and Lily of the Valley, and a nice contribution of the showy cut-leaved Japanese Acers, made up an imposing group ; a couple of very nice Dendrobium Wardianum, one in particular beauti- fully flowered, and grown in a teak basket, that almost toppled over with the weight of the plant above it. A good form of flamed Cattleya Trian:e was on exhibit, and bears the name of the Trafford variety. It has size, substance, and pronounced colour about it, and will beat many hundreds that come against it. The next most important contribution came from Mr. Staffer, Stand Hall, Whitefield ; his Dendro- biums, particularly Ainsworthianum, and its variety, roseum — after the recent decease of the gentleman whose name they bear — attracted considerable atten- tion. D. Leechianum appears to be a better flower than the D. Ainsworthii roseum to which, by the way, it is closely allied. The lots of D. nobile shown were varied — none better than a chance im- ported plant, which had size, substance, and colour to recommend it; as an interesting hybrid, D.Domi- nianum X , from the blood of Lewinianum and nobile combined, was interesting. A very pretty form of Odontoglossum aspersumwas shown, and very choice little plants (although, by the way, they never get big), of Angrrecum Sanderianum and A. Ellisii. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son had a lot of about 100 Hyacinths, in which La Grandesse, Macaulay, Koh-i-noor, King of the Blues, Mimosa, Queen of the Blues, William III., Malakof!', Von Schiller, and I'limsoll.a good blush, took precedence. These along with forced shrubs, Gueldres Koses, &c, and a lot of Daffodils and Lily of the Valleys, made up a showy contribution. Dicksons, Chester, had a very nice lot of Daffodils, none better than Horsfieldii and Emperor for general work, although such as albicans, Em- press, and some of the doubles look well. The Bulbocodiums struck the visitor by their for- mality. These, and Squills, and Chionodoxas, made up a nice group. Dickson, Brown & Tate had a good well grown lot of Hyacinths in pots, and a lot of Narcissus in glasses. Messrs. Cutbush & Sons, Barnet, had a large contribution of the mixed order, their Cyclamens and Mignonette being very attrac- tive, as were their white Azaleas — Deutsche Perle being in fine style. Mr. Hooley, Cheadle, had a miscellaneous lot of bulbous and New Holland plants clean and well grown. Mr. Joseph Broome, Llandudno, had a charming lot of hardy herbaceous and bulbous plants culled from the open garden, and shown in bunches in boxes — there would be quite 150 of them. The double yellow Wallflowers, the various Armerias, the grand lot of Primroses and Polyanthuses, the many Violets, and Aubrietias, the ragged-looking Caucasian Scabious, and several Anemones, made one long to live in a district where such things could be had out in the open. Mr. S. Barlow had a nice group of Hepaticas, and Mr. Mason had about as good a lot of memorial wreaths as one can well desire. The Ccelogyne cristata and the white Camellia, together with sprays of Lily of the Valley and white Lilac, and suitable greenery, make up a captivating design for decoration of this character. CHISWTCK GARDENERS' ASSOCIA- TION. Mb. George Cannon, manager of Messrs. Charles Lee & Son's Ealing branch, read a very interesting, instructive, and practical paper on the outdoor cul- tivation of the Kose, before the members of this body on Friday, March 7. About the beginning of this century, Messrs. Lee, of Hammersmith, were giving attention to Roses, and they seem to have been the first growers of any importance in this country. Mr. James Lee (who wrote a work on botany), father of the present Mr. John Lee, and grandfather of Mr. W. Lee, the head of the present firm, was a very enterprising man ; he sent collectors to many parts of the world for new plants, and very many novelties were thus introduced by the firm. It imported standard Roses from France in the year 1818, which were the first ever seen in England, and which were sold at one guinea a-piece. They con- tinued to import large quantities of these Roses every year, and it is recorded that the Duke of Clarence gave the firm an order for 1000 plants at that sum. The Lees were also exhibitors of Roses, and were successful as such at the Horticultural Society's shows. In those days the blooms were shown on Japanese cases in tubes, Mr. Rivers in 1834 being the first to exhibit Roses in boxes upon green moss, and which practice has continued to the present time. From a most interesting (indeed, it might be called historical) communication, kindly furnished by Mr. John Lee, it appears that this gentleman first entered the business in 1821, and his lather first commenced planting standard Rose stocks for bud- ding, and in the following year he made a purchase from a Mr. Calvert, a nurseryman in France, of 8000 standard Roses— accounted then a very large order — at 3s. each, which amounted to £1200. Mr. John Lee wrote the cheque in discharge of this account in 1822. In those days there were no perpetual Roses, except the old Four-season and the Pasten Rose. The popular favourites at that period were the Tuscany, Carmine, Celestial, African Black, a host of other sorts of that stamp, and the Bath white Moss de Meaux. In 1822 the Lees introduced those popular varieties Lee's Crimson Perpetual and Lee's Blush Perfection, and one or two new Noisettes and Bourbon Roses, the latter class being the progenitors of the H.P.'s of to-day. Stanwell Perpetual was raised at Messrs. Lee's Stanwell Nursery, near Bedfont, the firm having a branch at this place at that time. This variety was intro- duced to commerce in 1823. At Stanwell were also raised at this period those popular Hip Roses, Globe Hip, Margined Hip, and Blush Hip, which commanded a great sale. A large collection of Scotch Roses were also raised by the firm at Stanwell, but these have long since been forgotten. numbered 90 varieties. Mr. F. Watts was 2nd with 117 varieties, a tankard worth ten guineas, presented by Mr. E. Jacobs of Covent Garden. In addition to the above exhibits, Mr. Smith, of the Abbey (gr., Mr. Jenkins), staged 180 varieties of Narcissi, not for competition ; the bank of flowers being backed with beautiful effect by Arum Lilies in bloom, Araucarias, New Zealand Flax, and various choice shrubs. The flowers which obtained the 1st prize, Mr. Smith's exhibits, and other contributions by different exhibitors, were sent on for the acceptance of the Queen, who was pleased to acknowledge the receipt of them in a letter to Mr. Smith. The arrangement of the exhibits were made by Mr. J. C. Tonkin. A Correspondent . FLOWER SHOW IN SCILLY. The Isles of Scilly Bulb and Flower Association held their annual show in the hall of the public building, St. Mary's, on the 11th and 12th inst. The exhibits were much in excess of any previous year, and numbered over 1,100, chiefly Narcissi, and the quality of the flowers was excellent, some Sir Wat- kin's Emperor, Empress, single flowered. Incom- parabilis and Ornatus were very fine. All of the flowers shown were grown out of doors, and such a large collection had never been seen before in March (what would Parkinson say to such a col- lection?). The first day the exhibits were adjudged in classes ; and on the second day each exhibitor put his exhibits into collections, and competed for special prizes. Mr. W. P. Mumford, of Old Town, was 1st, winning a challenge board with cup presented to the Association by Mr. Smith, the proprietor of the Islands ; Mr. Mumford took the 1st prize on the first and second year of the show. His collection Law Notes. A DISPUTED ACCOUNT. Radclvffe & Co. v. Phillips. — This case was brought in the Chertsey County Court by the plaintiffs, who are horticulturists and greenhouse manufacturers, London ; defendant is medical super- intendent of the Holloway Sanatorium, Virginia Water. Mr. Wilkinson, who conducted plaintiffs' case, said that the action was brought to recover £31 3s. (W., of which £19 5s. had been paid into court, for certain plants and greenhouse blinds. The points at issue were whether the plants were sup- plied at a reasonable price, and whether the blinds were made and fitted in a proper and workable manner. Evidence was given by plaintiffs' tra- veller, Mr. Radclyffe, and the man who fixed the blinds, from which it appeared that when the plants were ordered by defendant's gardener, to whom the traveller had been referred, no price was agreed on, the only stipulation being that they should be deli- vered by Ascot day. The number of the blinds, and the manner of their fixing, was left to the discretion of the traveller. The blinds were returned about five or six weeks after delivery, but plaintiffs refused to take them in. The prices charged for the plants were the usual ones. — Mr. R. Brettell defended. The defence was that defendant's gardener agreed with plaintiffs' traveller as to the price of the plants. Defendant ordered one roller-blind, which was to be sent down before Ascot week. There was a delay in filling this order, and instead of one blind, four were sent and fixed. Defendant objected, but allowed them to be put up, as the hot sun was spoil- ing his plants. The blinds did not work satis- factorily, and the space between them admitted the sun. One was blown down the day after being fixed, and they were sent back in a few days after- wards. Evidence bearing out this was given by defendant, who also stated that he had spent more than £1000 in flowers within the last four years. He considered the plaintiffs prices excessive. — Dr. Phillips's head-gardener said the price charged for the plants was in excess of the sum agreed on. — His Honour held that the blinds were clearly useless, and that they had been returned within a reasonable time. Therefore defendant was not liable to pay for them, and he gave judgment for defendant on all points. Surrey Advertiser and County Times, March 8. Mr. A. Van Geebt v. Messrs. J. Cabter & Co. In the report of the above action, which appeared last week in the Gardeners' Chronicle, it is said that : — " As Mr. Van Geert would neither make any allowance, or replace the plants (which arrived in unsaleable condition), Messrs. Carter & Co. were compelled to defend the action." Now, the evidence clearly proved that Mr. Van Geert was compelled to take the action, because Messrs. Carter not only declined to pay the invoice, or any part thereof, but even declined to accept the invoice, although they admitted that they could not account for the condition of the plants, unless they had sustained injury in transit, which took place at the end of August, 1889. It is also mentioned in the same report, that the defendants had no know- ledge of the route the goods were sent by, but they March 22, 1890.] THE GAR DE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 369 received a proper advice along with the invoice, as is usual. They were subsequently told by letter who were the shipping agents through whom the plants were to come, and to whom they were to apply. ©iHtttarg. Mr. John Marshall, of Belmont, Taunton, died at his residence, on February 22, aged sixty- four years. The deceased, a most public -spirited man, who will be missed in Taunton by all, was an ardent horticulturist, a successful cultivator of greenhouse plants, Chrysanthemums, and Roses ; and he frequently threw open his charming gardens at Belmont to the public, allowing them to wander at will. The Weather. TBy the term " accumulated temperature" 13 meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sum. a bo Accumulated 0 1 8 0 i - !, _i .* S £ *S « J3 JS 0. a. i *. ; jj f = ',- +5 »l ;! ;'S~ s ByM ll 2 « ■% 3 i" lz - i. a. Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. dejr. dec deu. deg. Inch. -■ + I.'. 38 4- L'li l- 4 + 13.4 13 16 2 6 + 31 It + 13 — 46 1 — ii 6.9 29 S3 8 « + 35 .'•• I' - 65 4 - ris 3 7 26 :'l 4 3 + 37 17 J - 1 1- 13 3.8 33 38 6 i + 36 1" - 1« — 3 2 — 38 4.1 29 33 6 3 + 35 9 — 1 - 24 2 — :t; 17 32 25 7 3 + 26 9 + 13 - 51 Oav. 49 13 1 .'-' 19 ^ 3 + 29 6 + 3 - 38 Oav. 46 6.7 16 21 9 2 + 28 2 — 16 + 33 3 - 43 7.7 If 27 10 3 + 28 4 — 10 - 36 7 + 53 7.7 16 31 11 3 + 36 1 — 6 — 1 >'. r .Ml 10. i; L'l 25 12 3 + 35 0 + 511 - - 1 - 17 ; 1 12 .11 the first column are Principal Wheat-producing District s — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. j 3. England, N.K. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; 6, England. S. Principal Grazing Sic Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W.; 9. England, S.W.j lu, Ireland, S.j 11, Ireland, S. ; 12. Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending Murcli 15th, is furnished from the Meteorological Office: — '• The weather has been dull, with rather frequent falls of rain, over Ireland and the west and north of Scotland, but not over the greater part of England and the east of Scotland. Heavy rain fell at some of the northern Scotch stations during the earlier days of the week, and in some parts of Ireland at its close. " The temperature was rather low at the com- mencement of the period, and minima were recorded, ranging from 1.3° in 'Scotland, N.,' and 20° in ' Scotland, E.,' to 29° in ' England, 8.W.," and 32° iu the ' Channel Islands.' Subsequently, however, it be- came high for the time of year, and the maxima varied from 55° in ' Scotland, N.,' and the ' Channel Islands,' to 60° over the greater part of England, and in ' Ire- land, S.,' and to 63° in ' Scotland, E.' The average values for the week ranged from 2° above the normal in the 'Channel Islands,' ' England, S.W.,' and ' Scotland, N.,' to 4° in the ' Midland Counties,' 5 ' in ' Scotland, E.,' and 6C in ' England, N.K.' " Tlir- rainfall has been more than the mean over Ireland and in ' Scotland, N.,' and about equal to it in ' Scotland, W.,' and ' England, N.W. ; ' in all other districts there has been a deficit. " Bright sunshine has been very little prevalent in the west and north ; in the east and south, however, the percentage of the possible duration ranged from 29 to 33, while in the ' Channel Islands,' 42 per cent, was recorded. MARKET8. CO VENT GARDEN, March 20. Prices remain the same, with the exception of Strawberries, which are a very bad trade. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. «. d. '. d. I t. d. s. d. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6- 7 0 Lemons, percase... 12 0-20 0 — Nova Scotia.brl.12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples. Eng., lb. 1 0- 1 6 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... —St. Michael, each >I)-Sn Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0- 5 0 | Strawberries, oz. ... 4 0- 8 0 Vegetables Asparagus, English, perliO 12 Beans, French, lb. ... 2 Beet, red, per dozen 1 Carrota, per bunch... 0 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 Celery, per bundle ... 1 Cucumbers, each ... 1 Endive, per dozen ... 2 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 Leeks, per bunch ... 0 Lettuces. per dozen... 1 Mushrooms, pnnnet 1 Pol ima -Of new Pn the same as last « i.— Average Kktail Prices d. >. d. Mustard and Cress, 0- ... punnet ... ... 0 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 0-2 0 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 I 3- ... Seagate, punnet ... 2 ( 6-2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 ( 0-16 Spinach, perkushel... H ( 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 I 4-... BrusselSprouts.prlb. 0 : 3- ... Tomatoe, per lb. ... 1 ( 6- ... Turnips, per bunch, 6- ... new 0 d.s.d. 4- ... 5- ... • bos J. B. Tho Plants lie Pots. ». Aralia Sieboldl, dot. 6 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — specimen plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Christmas tr<-.-, doz. t Cineraria, per do/.... s Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Oyperus, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 DIelytm, per doz, „ '.• Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Epiphyllum, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendiahli, II 18 Ott, doz. 15 Ericas, various, doz. 8 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d.i.d. t.d.t.d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 O- 4 0 Narcissus, various, —average Wholesale Prices. .d. s.d. i. d. i. d. 0-18 0 Euonymus, in var., 0 13 0 per dozen 6 0-18 0 Evergreens, in var., 6-10 6 per dozen 6 0-34 0 ci- 3 0 Ferns, in var., dor. 4 0-18 0 • i .'I 0 Picus elastica. eaoh . 16-70 0-12 0 Foliage plants, vari- ous, each 3 0-10 0 1 nista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 o nilli,. p. doz ... 6 0-90 is, doz, ...12 0-1* 0 Lil) of the Valley, p. doz. pots 18 0 24-0 0 . I 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 " 1 -' 0 0-18 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-31 0 Pelargoniums, scar- "l- I let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-34 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-13 0 0-34 u Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 0-21 0 0-12 0 0-12 0 Hyu 0-12 i 0-60 0 Acacia (French) bun. 0 9- A/.il.-.i*. .In/. -[.r:i)s 0 6-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Callaa;thiopica,12bl. :i 0- 5 0 Cam. 'Iliiis. white. doz. 2 0-40 16-60 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 6-09 — dozen sprays... 1 0- 1 6 imrosea, 12 bun. ... 0 6-10 doz. 10-20; Primulas, double, 12 a. 1 o- : sprays ■ , 13 bum ii i ii 9 Roman Hyn Eng., doz. sprays... 0 6-10 1 r.inli).il2biin. 3 0-40 Roses. Tea, per doz. 10-30 — coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — French, dozen ... 10-20 — red, per dozen ... 1 0 6 > — Safrano, dozen... 1 rt- 2 6 Spirea, doz. sprays... " 6 1 o siipliiinotis, 12 spr. 9 0-12 0 12 nun 4 0-90 Tuberoses.12 hims.... 16-20 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-4 0 ! Tulips, doz. blooms — French, per bun. 16-20 Violets, 12 bun Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60 French, bunch — Parma, bun. Ii Orchid-bloom in variety. I>nff.idils,.loz. blooms 0 3- 0 ! Eucharis, per dozen .'t 0-5 0 Gardenias, 12 blooms 9 0-1H 0 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6 10 Lilac, whife.Kr..!. ii„. 1 Lilium, var., I.M.I.... 2 0-60 Lily of the Vulley. 'I'", -pr.ivs ... 0 6- 1 0 Maiden Hall Fern, 0 6- i " 1 O- 2 II 1 II 2 ii 3 0-40 CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending March 15: — Wheat, 29s. lid.; Barley, 30s. M. ; (Jats, lHs. 6d. For the corresponding period last year : — Wheat, 30s. 2d.; Barley, 25s. lOd. ; Oats, 17s. 2d, SEEDS. London : March 19. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that remarkable cheapness fot all articles continues to be the leading feature of the present season. Red Clover seed, in particular, is extremely abundant, and astonishingly low-priced. Alsike and Trefoil are steady ; White Clover seed is quiet. Choice French and Perennial live-grasses are obtainable for very little money. Rape seed is scarce and dear. Temptingly low rates are current for Canary-seed. Rather more attention is given to Tares. Blue Peas meet a somewhat improved sale. For Linseed the tendency is downwards. Scarlet Runners are cheaper. POTATOS. Borough and Spitalfields : March 18. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 40s. to 90s. ; Magnums, black, 35s. to 40s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 50s. ; Lincolns, 40s. to 55s. ; Yorks, 45s. to 75s. ; Scotch, 50s. to 95s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 60s. per ton. Spitalfields: March 19. — Quotations : — Hebrons, 30s. to 45s.; Imperators, 40s. to 50s.; Champions, 40s. to 45s. ; Regents, 50s. to 70s. ; Myatt's Kidneys, 50s. to 60s. ; Magnums, 25s. to 45s. per ton. Stratford: March 18.— Quotations :— Scotch Re- gents, 55s. to 70s. ; do. Magnums, 50s. to 75s. ; Light English Magnums, 40s. to 68s. ; dark do., 35s. to 55s. per ton. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : March 19. — Good supplies of all kinds of fresh vegetables ; large quantity of Potatos ; moderate supply of fruit. .Demand fair for fresh vegetables and fruit, but heavy for l'otatos. Prices : — Spinach, Is. to Is. Gd. per bushel ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. 6d. to 2s. 6d. per sack ; ditto, Is. to Is. Gd. per sieve ; Brussels Sprouts, Is. to Is. 6d. per half- sieve ; Turnip-tops, Is. 9d. to 2s. Gd. per sack ; Swede-tops, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd,. do. ; Savoys, 2s. to 6s. per tally ; Cauliflowers, .'is. to 10s. do. ; l'arsnips, id, to 8^. per score ; Beetroots, id. to 8d. per dozen ; Greens, Is. Gd. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, Is. 9rf. to 3s. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Parsley, Is. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Horse-radish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle ; Celery, 3s. to 9s. per dozen bundles ; Cabbage Lettuce, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, it, Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; English Onions, 10s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 10s. Gd. to 12s. per case ; Bordeaux do., 6s. Gd, to 7s. Gd. do. ; Belgian and Dutch do., 6s. to 7s. per bag of 110 lb.; Carrots, 15s. to 30s. per ton; American Apples, 15s. to 20s. per barrel ; English do., 5s. to 8s. per bushel. Stratford: March 18. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices :— Savoys, 3s. to 6s. per tally; Cauliflowers, 5s. to 12s. per crate ; Turnips, 25s. to 35s. per ton; Carrots (household), 25s. to 40s. do.; do. (cattle feeding), 18s. to 21s. do. ; Mangolds, 17». to 18s. do.; Swedes, 14s. to 18s. do; Onions, English, 8s. to 10s. Gd, per cwt. ; do., Dutch, 5s. Gd. t<> 7s. per bag ; Apples, American, 16s. to 28s. per barrel ; Watercress fid. per dozen ; Celery, 3s. to 9s. per dozen rolls. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 75s. to 92s. ; inferior do., 40s. to 75s.; hay, best, 60s. to 85s.; inferior do., 26s. to 50s. ; and straw, 24s. to 38s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications a3 EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. Anemones: J.M. The plants flower at this season out of doors in South of France, in the Scilly Islands, and probably about Cork. In England generally to have them in bloom now the plants must be grown under glass. Ants: G.W. Carbolic acid, diluted with water, sprinkled in their haunts will drive them away. Apple Trees One Hundred Years Old: A. P. If you intend to destroy the trees, grub them up now, and trench the ground, taking a crop of cereals, French Beans or Petatos. If it is meant to prune them only, do it when the trees are in full leaf; the wounds will heal better than if the job be performed in the winter. Blood as Manure: Constant Reader. Blood is rich in nitrogen, 17 173, oxygen, 19295, and is valu- 370 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. abl-i as a manure, but its effects are transient. In 100 parts ox -blood there are 80 per cent, of water. Mix 50 gallons blood with 8 bushels of peat- ashes and charcoal-powder ; let it stand two years before using. Clayey loam or powdered clay would do almost as well as these two ingredients. Dressing about 48 bushels per acre and for a Vine border in proportion. Blood may be dried, or partly dried — it is then not so leathery — and given as a top-dressing. It is more lasting in its effects if mixed with sawdust and tanners' bark. The land should be well drained, as when it is wet the effects of the manure are not so marked. Books. — Botany : Bentham & Hooker's Genera Plantarum, price 10/. ; The Handbook of the British Flora by the same ; The Gardeners Assistant, by E. Thompson. Edited by T. Moore, price 3ls. Gd. ; published by Blackie & Son, Pater- noster Buildings ; Glasgow and Edinburgh. The Epitome of Gardening, by Moore and Masters ; A. Black & Co., 6s. Cape Bulbs Recently Imported : Constant Header. The Ixias, Ereesias, Tritonias, Babianas, and Ornithogalums, should be carefully cleaned, washed, then dried for a few days in the sun. Frepare a compost of sandy loam and a little leaf- mould, and pot the bulbs very firmly, leaving them one-third of their height above the soil. If the soil be moist, no water should be given to the bulbs for a time. Plunge them in a mild tan or leaf bed, the heat of which should not exceed 70°, the top heat of the frame or pit being by day 65° to 70°, and by night 55° to 60°. Give no water until growth commences, and give no additions to the bottom or top heat except what is occasioned by the natural increase of temperature. When leaves are produced ventilate freely in mild wea- ther, and encourage the plants to make as much leaf-growth as possible up to July, when water should be withheld — gradually at first, and totally as soon as the foliage shows signs of maturity. The last-named bulb is an evergreen one, and needs some slight amount of watering during the autumn. After resting in their pots, the first four species of bulbs may be shaken out and re- potted, six to eight being put into a 48-sized pot, and afforded greenhouse or frame treatment. Ctclamen : N. E. L. L. Sow seeds in early autumn —that is, as soon as ripe. Prick off the seedlings into good compost of loam, peat, leaf-mould, and sand, and when nicely rooted pot into thumbs and small 60s. Give a genial atmosphere, warmth at night during winter 55° to 60°, with an increase of a few degrees during the day. They should be kept gently growing from time of sowing the seed till the flower period. It is curious treatment for an alpine, but it answers. Plants that have once bloomed should be rested in a cool frame, either in pots or planted out in peaty soil, and in Sep- tember be repotted and grown on, like the seedlings. Ferns round fountain in Greenhouse : J.J.J. Pteris serruluta and its varieties; Common Maiden Hair, Osmunda regalis, Ceratopteris thalictroides, Acrostichum aureum, Cyathea dealbata, Wood- wardia radicans, Alsophila excelsa Insects : T. T. The insects which have attacked the roots of your Christmas Poses appear to be (as well as we can judge from the shrivelled state of the specimen sent) to be the larva; of the small common swift-moth (Hepialus fuscus), often found eating the roots of pot plants. I. O. W— C. S. Sr Co. The centipede you send is, as we If a n on inquiry at the Natural History Museum, common in all tropical countries, and is named Scolopendra subspinipes.— A. B. The caterpillar of the Goat-moth, Cossus ligniperda ; very de- structive to young trees. Pass a hooked wire through the cavity and extract .the creatures. Smear the trees with clay or soft-soap to prevent the moth laying her eggs on the bark. — E. A. 1, A mite; 2, Apple scale, Aspiditras conchiformis. (See Journal if Royal Horticultural Society, vol. x., 1888, British Apples, with cuts from the Gar- deners' Chronicle.) Melons and Cucumbers : G. W. Bad Melons may taste very much like cucumbers, and no wonder seeing their near relationship. It is all nonsense to suppose the ants in the house have had any thing to do with the matter. Names of Plants : J. C. 1, Probably Cedrus Deo- dara; 2, Picea morinda; 3, Libocedrus chileDSis ; 4, Retinospora obtusa aurea; 5, Cupressus, pro- bably Goveniana ; 6, Probably Cedrus atlantica. — K. and B. C. 1, Diplopappus chrysophyllus ; 2, Cornus Mas. — F. N. Rhamuus alaternus. — E. M. Quite impossible to name your withered scrap with certainty. Probably your conjecture is right. — G. W. C. Odontoglossum Ruckerianum. J. 8. 1, Isolepis gracilis; 2, Panicum variegata ; .3, Coronilla glauca ; 4, Aspidium falcata. — J. J'ert. Acacia lobata. — T.and P. Daphniphyllum glau- cescens. It may be struck by layering. — E. E. Loelia Schroderi, Orchid Album, vol. i., pi. 2. — Camjce. Sophronitis cernua — M. Simon. Odon- toglossum blandum, — F. W. Adiantum Concinnum latum. Newly Planted Fruit Trees in Grass Land, Highfield : Remove the turf from about the roots, and replace it with a mulching of half- decayed manure over the roots. Odontoolossum Rossi majus : G. W. A very good form, large and well coloured. Peach Houses : H. B, P. If the lean-to house be 10 feet high at the back, and it is 10 feet wide, it would accommodate a trellis for the trees of 10 feet in width. It would spring from a point 2 feet from the front wall, and the highest point would be 8 feet from the floor at the back, and distant 2 feet from the back wall. A trellis so placed would give more training area than an arched one, and expose the trees more directly to the light. The back wall at the upper part could be utilised for Strawberries, Kalosanthes, Azaleas, &c, and the lower part would suit Camellias. If fruits are intended to be grown for marketing of the finest quality, one fruit to each square foot of area may be considered a fair amount of space ; but one fruit to a square of 9 inches would pro- duce as large fruits as market salesmen care for, the smaller fruits selling better than the very fine large ones. With your 100 feet run of 10 feet trellis well covered in every part with bearing wood, 1100 to 1200 fruits would not be too many. Rabbits' tails and camel-hair pencils are not wanted to fertilise Peach and A'ine blossoms, if the treatment of the trees is what it ought to be. Plenty of ventilation, moderately dry air, a moist state of the border, and now and then a smart tap on the trellis, are sufficient for all purposes. Thal.t:nopsis leaves : F. P. Davies. The appear- ance on your leaves is very common on Pbalam- opsis, it is generally supposed to be caused by keeping the plants too warm and giving too much water during the resting period, i.e., from November to the middle of March. Poinsettea pulcherrima Amateur : The plant is a native of Mexico introduced in 1834, we do not know the introducer. There is no cheap book in which an account of the plant is to be found, but it is described in the Botanical Magazine, 3493. It is a stove plant put now under Euphorbia. Tulips : T. tf T. We are sorry we are unable to give the reason for your plants " going blind." Evidently it is due to a check to growth, but what produced the check we cannot say. Vines : G. A. B. Examine the border, as a bad state of the roots is probably the cause of the Vines breaking weakly. For this season dress the border with Thomson's Vine Manure, forking it in just under the surface. Wellingtonia Seeding: Heading. This is not at all unusual ; but not desirable on young trees. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Dobie & Mason, 66, Deansgate, and 22, Oak Street, Manchester — Agricultural Seeds. Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle — Farm Steels. W. II. Hudson, West Green Road, Tottenham, London — Japanese Lilies and Iris, &e. Charles Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough — General Spring Catalogue. R. B. Laird & Sons, 17, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh, N.B. — Florists' Flowers, &c. Communications Received— J. H— A. D.— P. E. N.— W. G. S.—M. Barker (U. S.A.)-H. Liudsav.— A.D.— A. B. — H. A. B.— W. H. D.. many thanks.— The Pines next week. Sutton & Sons.— J. Veitch & Sons.— Our Trinidad Corre- spondent—E. C— A. v. G.— Our Belgian Correspondent.— F. W. B.— J. K. B— L. C— G. W.B.— K. I. P.— Our New York Correspondent.— J. S.— H. H. D'O.—H. E.. Kyde.— Our Berlin Correspondent.— R. H— A. F. B.— J. W.— Ernest Bergman, fils.— F. B.— P. W., Russia.— J. R,— Divers, Florida, many thanks. — Conifers next week. — W. S. — J. O'B.— T. Hanbury, Mentone.— W. R— J. D.— W. IH.— W. B. H.— J. J. W.— John Downie.— G, W. GREAT REDUCTION IK PRICE STAMEN': MANURE Established Nearly 30 Years. The reduction has been effected through the introduction of increased and improved plant for manufacturing. It is now generally acknowledged that this highly concentrated Manure exceeds all others in general fertilising properties and staying powers, thus rendering its money value at least double that of any other Manure. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable fir Amateurs equally with Nurserymen. Sold in Tins of increased sizes, 6d., Is , 2s. 6d., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each ; and in Kegs (Free) at the following greatly reduced prices:— 28 lb., 10s. 6d. ; 56 lb., 18s.; 112 lb., 32s. each. SOLE MANUFACTURERS : C0RRY,S0PER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), LONDON. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE.— Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto. Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, &c, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gnvel for drives, concrete, gravel, screenings, yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. J. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Camberley, Surrey. |sWKQ*r pLIBRAN'S SHADING for GREEN- VSZSiil \J HOUSES, SKYLIGHTS, &c. Is a wonderful novelty. In wet weather the shading is almost transp irent ; as the glass dries it reappears. All Plant Growers will Bee the great advantage. In packets. Is., Is. 9d., and 2s. 9d. post-free. N.B.— Above three preparations from Seed and Nurserymen ; or. CLIBKAN, Oldlield Nursery, Altnncham and Man. heater. L] Established 1818. 65, LIONEL STREET, BIRMINGHAM. HENRY HOPE HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HEATING ENGINEER. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouse* & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. ~7°~ ' - NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses X: Garden frames, just issued will sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONESlnaVo8rlzeaVINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &C. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GTJANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO. Limited, GARIIATT LANE, WANDSWORTH. SIKKKV. AGENTS \Vt\lll) AGKXT.S II l.\ //•-/'. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c. constructed on our improved pla perfection of growing houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equa'lcd. Y. e only do one das and that thi vi-ky BEST. Conservatories and Winter Gardens designed arohitecturally correct without the aaaia from the smallest u, the [orgeat. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boiler, in ail ca*e». Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Pkau, Eatimattl and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part 0/ the Kingdom. Our Muxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. NORMAL FERTILISER Price : For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. _ 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. 2s. 3s. id. 5s. id. 9s. Us. And in id. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY. Ltd.. 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesaleof Messrs. HURSTand SON, 152,Houndsditch,London .uu.p;ete aa.ifeiaition Guaranteed THE SWIFT & SURE ' INSECTICIDE. Bottles,] 6*3/6; Snll.)l(VBi4galls.,30/ "PERFtCT WEED KILLER.-Gallon, 2/; a gal., 1/9, 10 gal., 1/6, 40 gal., 1/4 p. gal. PERFECT WORM DESTROYER- Bottles.l/fj&S/S; gaL.7/3;6gaL,5 p. gal. "PERFECT' MILDEW DESTROYER- Bottles, 1/ & •_>/; gal., S;; 5 gal., 5/ p. "PERFECT" HORTICULTURAL SUMMER SHADINC- Tins-l lb., 1/; 2 lbs., 2/; 6 lbs., 5/. Are absolutely Unsurpassed for Cheapness and Efficiency Combined. Used at Knc gardens. Royal Horticultural Hardens, ir. .Single bottles post dec at published prices from the manu- facturers. Special quotations for quantities. Sole Maxcfacti-reus: Tub Horticultural &. Agricultural Chemical Co. Works : 97, Milton Street. Glasgow. Principal Agents : Bl.AL'KLEY. YOUNG & CO., 103, Holm Street. Glasgow. NOTICE. II", , ,;.;;, i."-. '■-.• .' ,-,- lw.rt.sal lonbridgs, Kan*, GLASGOW-', ./,„,. .,-,,, i>.;. ;,;.;■ Wtl.tl, tint ear ONLY ADDREBB I been GLASGOW. SOLD by SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS. THE "STOTT" DISTRIBUTOR, ( barged with " KILLMRIGHT." . '.IN 1) E A T II T 0 INS E 0 T 1' E STS. Cheap. Simple, and Effectual. IV -, Preat Opinions, Testimonials on application to " Stott " Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. The Agents W« ■cl thi unbuilt the Co /"l ISI1URST COMPOUND, used by leading VjT Gardeners Bince 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water; 4 to 1 ti ounces us winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees ; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is.. 3s.. and 10s. id. C1 ISIIURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on J wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale From PRICES PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. Cixi 'A Ml N I ,T PI IRTKAITS, 3s.; three for 2s. i> Twelve Carte Portraits, 3s. 3d.; six for Is. id. Eight- in,]] Enlargement, •"•'.; three fur is. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal tinier, and ill about ten days you will receive Highly finished i opies. with Original. i RANCIS and CO.. 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.O. TANNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit trees, Flower-beds, &c, from frost and blight . 35 aq e yards for Is. ; sent any width on approval. CarriMg,- paid on all orders over 5s.— H. J. GASSON, Fish Merchant, Hye, Sussex. T70R SALE, 2 PEACOCKS, and 2 PEA I HKNS. young bird-, in full plumi 3 . 0, MCNDELL, Moor Park Harden-, Kiekulansworl h . pi 1 1 : SALE, a GOLD MEDAL BOILEE II i pitiuigs, capable of heating from { to800feei ol niriin" ' condition. Price £ll) Ills. For particulars. n Mr. CURRY, Milford Hill, Salisbury. 372 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mabch 22, 1890. OLD GREENHOUSE FOR SALE.— To be Sold, a Lean-to Putty-Glazed Range of GLASS HOUSES, 260 feet long bv 16 feet wide, and with Front Lights 3 feet high. These Houses have to be pulled down to be replaced with Helliwell's Patent System of Glazing without patty, which requires no painting. The Houses are situated at Ripley Castle, near Harrogate, and the owner has had Helliwell's Glazing on part of his houses for eight )ears, which have not cost him one penny in repairs (see testimonial). — Apply, HELLIWELL'S PATENT GLAZING WORKS, Brig- house, Yorkshire, or 9, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W.— Also another RANGE of HOUSES, 190 feet long, at Kirklees Hall, which has been pulled down to be replaced with Helli- well's System of Glazing without putty. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 Bquare yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 55. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 sauare yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEORGE "ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. Established 200 years. p A R D E N REQUISITE S.— VU" Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes, Rustic Work, Manures, See, Cheapest Prices of WATSON and SCULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, E.G. BOULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 73.— SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This is a very strong and handy Frame, 14 inches high at the sides, and 27 inches at the ridge. The Lights turn quite over, are fitted with set-opes and stays, and are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2 „ » 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ Cash Prices, Carriage Paid. £2 15 4 7 5 17 7 7 8 17 10 7 CARRIAGE paid to any goods static England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmei in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES. IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. CHEAP FRAMES. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England : „ . 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. SkelTON, Seedsman, &c„ 2, Holloway Road, N. Carriage and Packing Cases FREE. 2 0 3 2 4 15 8 10 HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRONWORKS, STAFFORDSHIRE. New Pattern Tree Guard, "THE PORCUPINE." The maximum of utility and the minimum of cost. Constructed of strong Iron Uprights and Galvanised Barbed Steel Wire. Price, 10s. 6d. each. The Gardens, The Whittern, Kingston, Feb. 9, 1888. Dear Sirs,— The 100 Barbed Wire Tree Protectors you sent to Mr. )rder I have now fixed to the trees, and I feel bound to say that I never saw anything in the shape of a tree-protector equal to them. I think I shall be able to add further testimony after the cattle are turned out in the spring. —Yours faithfully, J. Wearing. The Gardens, The Whittern, Kingston, Kept. 26, 1888. Gentlemen,— The 100 Porcupine Tree Guards you supplied to Mr. rder have proved a great n fact, they are the best 1 These guards stand well against, the trees, there- 1/ Jj) -Jii>-- fore cattle cannot, and M*"*^' wm not, attempt to reach the branches. I would strongly recom- mend anyone who contem- plates planting trees, and wishes to know which is the best guard to use. to give pattern " C '* a trial. Yours faithfully, J. Wearing. WIRE BASKETS, WIRE TRELLIS. Conservatories fitted up with Trellis, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c. Maker of the Waddes donPlant Truck— one of the most useful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire Fencing, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaries and Pheasan tries Plain or Ornamentally con- structed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. T//OS. W. ROB7MSON, E.V1SED CES SFWRBX/DGE; FRIGI DOMO CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND CLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it is applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or Benjn. Edgington, London Bridge, s.e. Note.— The words "FRIGI DOMO" art- registered under the Trade Marks Act, and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded against. Are used by the leading Horticulturists and largest Nurseries in the World, and acknowledged by all to be the lightest, strongest, best coloured, most perfect shaped and finished pots ever manufactured. MARKET POTS, Or Long Toms, are largely used by Market Growers— they are made a greater depth, wider at bottom, and save half an inch in width at top over ordinary pots. Have no rims. VINE POTS \re used by the leading Vine Growers throughout the king- dom, and pronoun 1 unequalled for Vine Culture. CHRYSANTHEMUM POTS. Considerably deeper than ordinary— very broad at bottom, almost upright in shape ; do not blow over when outside, like narrow-bottomed pots; give maximum amount of r om for nutriment at roots of plants. CLEMATIS POTS. OPINION— " Your pots are light and strong, first class colour shape, and finish. The 'Clematis Pots' gave unqualified satisfaction to ourselves and customers."— Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. OPINION - " We beg to say that we are highly satisfied with your Garden Pots; they are well made, light, yet strong and we like them better than any others we have ever used '-Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, Worcester. ... " The Flower Pots you have largely supplied us with are light, strong, and well made, and in every respect highly satisfactory. "—Messrs. Dlcksons. Ltd .Chester. •■ For nearly thirty yeais I have been using your Garden Pots and still find them the best and cheapest. — Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. ■' "We have always found your Pots highly satisfactory. Great improvements last few years in them. "-Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Samples and Prices free. Carriage and breakage free on £10. Half carriage on £i. Specialty Orchid Pans and Pots. SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, On,, and Colouk Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SUNS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade ; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Raffla Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, E.C. Maech 22, 1890.] THE GAB DENE US' CHRONICLE. 373 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. HeadL nech urged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 6 5 „ . 0 3 6 16 „ . . 0 9 0 6 „ . . 0 4 0 17 „ . . 0 9 6 7 „ . 0 4 6 18 „ . 0 10 0 8 „ . 0 5 0 19 „ . . 0 10 6 9 „ . 0 5 6 20 „ . 0 11 0 10 „ . 0 6 0 21 „ . 0 11 6 11 „ . 0 6 6 22 „ . . 0 12 0 12 „ . 0 7 0 23 „ . . 0 12 6 13 „ . 0 7 6 24 „ . 0 13 0 14 „ . 0 8 0 25 „ . . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LIXE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s. Page. £8: Half Page. £4 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. fid., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT SOTICE.~AJverti.sers are cautioned agii mi, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, \ijd. yard ; 1 yards wide, 'Ad. yard ; or 2 yard* a ids, Ins. per loo; 1 yiir.li wide, 20i. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 yard wide, -.'.'. yard; 2 yards wide, Id. yard; 4 yards wide. id. yard; 12 >arl- .vide, it. yard, COTTON NET, nine meshes to square inch. \\ yards wide. Id. yard run. VV. CDLLINGFORD. 127. Field Rood, Forest Gate, London, E. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS, CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES, -fcc, Meet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, 7i. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Baidisseurs, I2«. id. each. FOR KASPHERIUES or GOOSEBERRIES, 4 feet high, four lines of wire, 4d. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs, 8s. 6d. each. CONTINUOUS WBOUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, ti feet high. Bight wrought liars, $ inch diameter, 4s. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER. 8 feet high, 5 feet span, 9s. out. per yard. WALL FITTINGS, Raidisseurs. one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, 6d. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per luu yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks, :'. (eel high. Is. a... each; I feet high. Is. 9u\ euch; 6 feet high, 3s. tM. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES. Japanned Green, 3 feet high, 4>. 3d. per dozen ; :t (eel 6 inches high, 4s. id. per do/en; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; ."> feet high, 7». 3./. per do/en. STRAWBERRY GUARDS, is Inches wide, In 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each. PE1 OR SEED GUARDS, .'is. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES, 7 feet high. 4 feet span, Ss. id. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply— E. T. RUSSELL AND CO., 60,Wharfdale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. CONWAY C. WARNE / Successor to \ VJohn Matthews,!) The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. 77 J FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. PRICE LISTS FREE. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement by Accident. Til i; i:.\ I I. \v.\ , PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits ait fi per annual. Hon. Evelyn Asblev, chairman. Annual (ncomi . holders. Invested Capital and R. ,ti. Fund, £2»."., West En.l Office:— 8, Grand Hotel Buildings. W.C. Head Ollice:— 61, Cornliill, London. B.C. ^ WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary . YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS i 'CITING ASSOCIATION, 872, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. Now Ready. Iii'inv -co, cloth With an Ulas of Illustrations. £1 10s. rPIIi: CULT] V \ I I.I' OB \MiKS and -L LEMONS, &c. ot India and Ceylon, with Reaearchea into their Origin and the Denv.,1 Iheil Names, and other Useful Information. II v ti. B.inavia, M.D. w. H. ALLEN i«D CO., i ;. Waterloo Place, S.W. AMERICAN HORTICULTURALINTERESTS AUK REST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. \ THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. United and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year.) ONE. wig Magazine in Ai THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10B. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland !— STEEL and TONES, 4. Spring Gardens, Charing Cross London, 8.W.,towhomOrdersforAdvertisementsand Sub! tious may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for 10u\ (stamps). ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 179*. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining ™ "'.'"■ Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plan, and particulars of Estates. Catalogues in fhaeCColumusFo7r *,g3&D? °ther ^"^ ^^ Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects The" WORCESTER HERALD" is the most effective organ forgiving publicity to announcements of this class. It isthe k-ading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates Worce/terSr17 am°Ug *•*■»«<* •» «* around Farms to Let. Land Agents. Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the '■WORCESTER HERALD " s,',-h J,*,'"* Klr"ty ^?per- St"?d""y adapted for bringing Ser^'chargbee.f0re *"»** ¥m- ^ "'^^"" Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. OFFICES: -72, HIGH STREET. WORCESTER. Works for the Possessors of Gardens. fTIGH-CLASS KITCHEN GARDENING V , m H:"u,'y Manual for the Improved Cultivation „f all \ .-.-tallies, l.y \\ II.l.l.VM E.vHl.i V. \utl,..r of ■• Hu» to Grow MuslirOMns, 'How ,,, (in.v, .-paragus," &c„ &c. Crowu ovo, with Uoloure I Frontispiece. Price Is, fjrf. AIKS. l.tii DON'S LADIES' COMPANION 1U to the ri.nu i:k GARDEN. A complete Guide to the Alan.igeiuenl and Adornment ..1 t.ardens uf every size. A New Edition. F< ap. cloth. Price 7... ()N GROWING ROSES OUT-OF-DOORS. v / By Rev. O. Fisher. Fourth Edition. Price Is, flOW TO GROW ASPARAGUS. , f * l-'l'iilir.-M'l licit 1 I,esl Method ol Culture. By \\ ii.i.i.ixt E..H1.I.V. Price is. Btiti bed, HOW TO G RO W M LTSH ROOJM S. By William Eahi.kv. Price Is. stitched, London BRADBUEY, AGNEW, isu CO., 9 Bouverie street, B.C. \\'ANTKI>, a GARDENER— young, active *» man, will, good references. Must thoroughly under- stand Ins work iii all branches, and have b,-,-„ used to Gentle- lens. Apply, by letter, to B. T. N„ at Horncust.Ie',, til . i heapaide, E.O, WANT]-;]), a practical Working Nursery GARDENER, well , .Management, of Roses, Ii.in.il.is, Chrysanthemums, «.,-. Married .Man, whose Wife •■""''' Map" •' fl rial Shop JOHN SALLAW.vy, Are am 24, Jury Street, Warwick. WANTED, SINGLE-HANDED .;.\i:- DENl.li and Will'. ,,, i,,u.- ehireeofaOeni ana lMr ' ■•"'■ 'uri.isb.-.l III, use r \ .,-„t. I,-,,,,,, Kit, hen Garden. Paddock, two small Glasshouse,. Must have character for energy. Wife to do little PL ■ uug ,.,-ca.sionuily — Apply, by l.-lter only, staling ages, wages, and experience K W IM N IGE, 333, Mania Vale. L„„,l,m. S.W. "I""'*™*' GARDENER. Wanted a married Man as Sechmi. without Family, wife to attend to Lodge gate 1«S. p-r week uith lloii.e. Gas, and Firing. Apply by letter only, giving age, where last employ. -d. &e., tu Mr. NUTITNt! Brerleigh, Bast Unmet, Herts. ANTED, a young MAN, in the Gardens, whose work would be chiefly outside, but would have to take .barge of Houses occasionally, and alternate Sunday duty. References required. — W. HLAMEY. The Gardens. Wlgantborpe, Terrington, York. Orchid Grower. WANTED, a young MAN as above, age about 21; strong and healthy; well up in Potting and Growing of East Indian, Mexican, and Coolhouse sections. Wages, 18s. per week.Uuthy, milk, vegetables, &c. State experience, with copies of testimonials.— A. EVANS, Lvthe Hill. Haslemere. ' WANTED, experienced Vine and Tomato GROWER, one able to take entire charge. Wages 2t,„ and overtime. Also SEVERAL VOITNG MEN, used to Fruit Growing under Glass. Wages, 2Us. per week, and over- time.—FOREMAN, Turnfor.l Hull Nursery, Turnford, Herts. ANTED, IMPROVER, in a Marke Nursery.— Good opportunity for an energetic Youth willing to learn.- Apply by letter to W. W., Ealing Road Ilreiitlord, Middlesex. 6 WANTED, at once, a married MAN, well up in Kitchen Garden Work. 16s. per week and Cottage T. I'KIl I-;. The i: ir.l.-ns, liiiuilcn Hill lb, Chippenham. ANTED, a COACHMAN, one who' understands Gardening and can Milk. House found ■ wages '.'Is. per week. Married, no family, good charactei iudi pen i,Ue. State age. —Belle House, Hayes, Middlesex. 374 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 22, 1S90. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Q. I'Anson, for five years General Fore- man at Rousdon, Lyme-Hegis, as Gardener to W. A. Duckworth, Esq., Orchard Leigh Park, Frome, Somerset. Mr. G. Potts, .Tun., until recently of Elmside* Northani, Sussex, as Held Hardener to DAMPIBR Palmer, Esq., Eeronden Hall, Tenterden, Kent, Mr. Richard Milneh, for the last twelve years Gardener at Sundorne Castle, Salop, as Head Gardener to Miss Talbot, Penrice Castle, Swansea. Mr. \V.\i. Smith, late Foreman at Broxmouth Park, Dunbar, as Head Gardener to R. Oyey, Esq., Badgemore, Henley-on-Thames. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Paste Bestante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. P O S TA L 0 R D ER S.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others. — It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at NO. 42, DRUBF LANE, to IP. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negoti!' N.B.—The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MOXEV ORDER. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter an. I ability will bear the strictest investigation.— JOHN DOWNEE. Seedsman, 141. Primes Street. Edinburgh. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS. BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to '237 and 239. High Holborn. W.C. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, cither for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particular-, on application.— 1" " ■ick Street, Edinbnr Gardeners. Foresters, and Farm Baillff3. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors. Agents, and others requiring the servicesof GARDENERS. FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. I C H A R D SMITH and Ca beg t-' announce that they are constantly receiving applications frJtn Gardeners seeking situations, aud that they will le able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. EAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and tirst-class character.— THUS. BOTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs. Foresters, &c. DI 0 K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address-" DICKSONS, Chester." ARDENER (Head). — Age 40, married ; nine years in present situation. Highly recommended. Thoroughly experienced in all branches.— G. JOHNSON, The Gardens, Appleby Hall, Doncaster. GARDENER (Head). — Life experience in tirst-class places; nine years foreman. Three years' good character from present place.— A. B., Mr. Richardson, Stationer. Brasted, Kent. ARDENER (Head), where two or three are kept. — Married, no encumbrance ; wife to Manage Dairy or Poultry. First-class recommendation.— H. H., D. Sprigings, Nurseries, St. Albans. GARDENER (Head), where three or more are kept. — Age 29; thoroughly competent in all branches. Highly recommence. 1. Three years' good character. — T. R. S„ Ockley Court. Dorking. ARDENER (Head), where a few are kept. — Age 30, single at present ; has been in some of the leading places in England and Ireland. Can be highly recom- mended.— J. C, Providence Nursery, Lyme Regis, Dorset. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married, no faruilv ; sixteen years in all branches. Wife good Cook. Both good references.— L. B„ 3, West Place, Wimbledon, Surrey. __^_ GARDENER (Head).— £5 will be paid any- one securing Advertiser a good situation. Well up in all branches.— 0. C. GnnUners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street. Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married.— William Robinson seeks re-engagement in Noble- man's or Gentleman's Garden; thoroughly practical in all branches of good Gardening. Ten years' good character from present employer. — The Gardens. Melksham. Wilts. GARDENER (Head).— Age 37, married; three children ; twenty years' experience in Plant and Fruit Growing, Flower and Kitchen Gardening. Over ten years' head, knowledge of Land aud Slock. Good reeoinmen- datious.— T. COYSH. 11. Hillmorton Road. Rugby. GARDENER (Head): age 30.— J. G. Cattlky, Esq.. Shsbleu. Merstham, Surrey, would recommend Arthur Stote. who was in his service as Second Gardener four and a half years as above. Fifteen years' ex- perience.—Address above, or A. STOTE, Lilae Cottage, Templecombe. Bath. ARDENER (Head); age 32.— H. Swift, for three and a half years Gardener to the late C. A. Nicholson. Esq., Balrath Barry, Kells. CO. Meath, is open to treat with any Lady, Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring a good, all round Gardener, thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large establishment. (1.VUDENKU v Head): age :;t. married, one T child.— W. Howard, Esq.. The Grove, Teddingten, would be pleased to recommend his late Head Gardener to any Nobleman or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener iu all branches. Highest references from other employers. Abstainer, Churchman. Country preferred. — G. A. B.. 41, Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. GARDENER (Head Working). —Age 34, married ; thoroughly experienced, with good character. —HEAD GARDENER. Cowesri.dd House. Salisbury. GARDENER (Head "Working,.- Married, no family; thoroughly understands the Cultivation of all kinds of Fruit. Flowers, a'nd Vegetables -Life experience. —GARDENER, 9, Downeud Road, Fishponds. Bristol. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 31, married, no family ; seventeen years' experience in Vines, Stove, Greenhouse, Flower ami Kitchen Garden. Good testimonials.— RIVERS, 33, Charit n Road, Harlesden, N.W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married, no family; ft. teen year-' practical experience in good places. Excellent testimonials.— F., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENER (Head Working), where others are kept. — Married, no family ; thoroughly understands In- duties. Highly recommended. — E. SEYMOUR, The Gardens, Mount Maacal, Heme Hill, S.E. p AKDKNKK (Head Working), where three VT or more are kept.— Age 31; sixteen years' pr.i-i.nl experiencein all branches. Highe-t reference. M. NIGH 1 IX- GALE. The Gardens, WalUngfoid Castle, Wallingford. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 44, married, no family; to any Lady or Gentleman re- quiring a good all-round man. Four and a half years' good character.— J. BROWN, IS, Ellora Road, Streatham, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working).- -Married, one daughter (age 14); twenty-five years' experience. Good character. Leaving through gentleman leaving neigh- bourhood.—JAMES TICKELL, Mel!-. Frome, Somerset. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, &c. First-class references from past and present employers. Abstainer.— F. LANE, Alma Road. Reigate, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 37, unmarried; thorough ex- perience in all branches of first-class Gardening. Good references as to character and abilities. — F. U., Grove Cottage. Ralderton, Newark. GARDENER (Head Working): age Bl, married.— £5 will be paid to any one procuring Adver- tiser a good situation. Thorough!} practical in all branches, with highest references. — F. G., Mrs. Hewett, Stewart Road, Malmesbury Park, Bournemouth. GARDENER (Head Working), where more are kept.— Married, no family; experienced in Stove, Greenhouse, Yiues, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Eight years' character from present situation, and si\ years previous. — W. HOLMS, Post Office, Battle, Sussex. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married.no family; thoroughly experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Grapes, Melons, and Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good reference?.— A. 11., Lower Gardens, Bulstrode Park, Gerrard's Cross, Bucks. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married; eighteen years* experience in Early and Late Forcing in all branches of the profession. Three years' good character. Leaving through family going abroad.— B. STRANGE, Wote Street, Basingstoke. GARDENER (Head Working), or with assistance ; age 38. married.— A Lady wishes to recom- mend the above, having been in her employ upwards of four- teen years, now leaving solely through death of late master. Experienced and trustworthy. Abstainer.— T. PRIEST, Cow ley Uxbridge, Middlesex. GARDENER (Head Working). — Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentle- man. Thoroughly comp tent in Orchids, Vines, Ferns. Stove Plants of all kinds, Early and Late Forcing. Good Kitchen Gardener. Good reference. Abstainer.— E. D., The Gardener, The Old House, Betehworth, Surrey. GWRDENER (Head Working); age 33, T manied.— R. Callagha^, for the past six years' Head Gardener to G. Burt, Esq.. J. P., Purbeck House, Swanage, is opeL„ (otreat with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the ser- vices of a thorough, practical, all round Gardener; excellent testimonials from past and present employers. — Address as above, GARDENER (Head AVorking), or Good FOREMAN; Age 30.— S. A. Jam ES, Coed Coch Gar- dens, Abergele, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman as above. Three aud a half years' character. GARDENER (Head), or Single-haned.— Age 35| married ; steady and industrious. Good charac- ter. Tweuty years' experience with Glass, Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables.— GARDENER, 5, South Street, Brentwood. GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF,,— The Liverpool Horticl'ltursl Co, (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard aud Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a tirst-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER, where one or two are kept, or good Sixgle-HANDBD.— Age 27, married, 1 child ; three years' good character.— P., Mrs. HATTATT, Church Street, Esher. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31, married, three children; thoroughly understands the Management of a good Garden. Three and a half years' good character. Disengaged first week in April.— A. B., 41, Fairfax Road, Hampstead, N.W. GARDENER; age 36.— J. Smith, Gardener to the Right Hon. the Earl of Rosebery, Mentmore, Leightou buzzard, is in a position to recommend a thorough practical Gardener. Competent in every branch of Gardening. Has been Head Gardener to a Nobleman, and can produce first- class references. — Address as above. (O ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 22; ^J understands Glass and Outdoor Work. Eight years' experience.— CHARLES MENGES, SSI, Edgware Road, W. GARDEN I"R (.Single-handed), or otherwise. —Age 36; good with Chrysanthemums. Good character. — C. EMETT, Crov. thorn. Wokingham. Berks. GARDENER (Single-handed), or otherwise. —Age 30, married ; practical experience.— A. GARDE- NER, Davis. Newsagent, 108, Wi.lmore Road, Bromley. Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 26, single; thorough knowledgeof Gardeninginall branches. Excellent references from present and previous employers. — H. THOMAS, 3, Merthyr Road. Barnes. Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second \\ here four or five are kept. — Age 27, married; twelve yeara' experience, Inside and Out. Good testimonials from present and previous employers. — W. G., 6, Havelock Terrace. Henley- oil-Thames. I i A UDENER (Single-handed) ; age 25, VJ s'ngle.— J. Milsom. Gardener to the Right Hon. Sir Harry Verney, Bart., Claydon Park, Winslow, Bucks, will be pleased to recommend a reliable energetic man a3 above. Good character. Five years' experience. ARDENER (Second), in good establish- ment, where four or five are kept.— Age 26; good character.-E. REFFOLD, 34, The Heath, Reigate. Surrey. GARDENER (Second). — Age24: experienced Inside and Out. Six years' good character from present situation.— G. H.. Ashtead, Epsom. Surrey. G1 ARI )ENER (Second). — Age 23; nine I years* experience Inside and Out. Four years' good character from present employer. — A. B., 15S, Romany Road, West Norwood, S.E. ARDENER (Second). — Age 27, married when suited ; thoroughly competent in all branches. Wife thorough Laundress if preferred. Good character. — Q , 21, Abinger Road West, New Cross, S.E. GARDENER, good Second, where three or four are kept. — Six and a half years* good character from present situation. — H. PRATT, The Mount, Ifield, Crawley, Sussex. G> ARDENER (Second). — Age 23 ; expe- r rienced Inside and Out. Four years' character from last situation.— E. R., Effingham Nursery. Lee, S.E. ARDENER (Second), in good Establish- ment, where more are kept. — Age 23; well experienced, good testimonials.— FOSTER, 27, Tapton Bank. Manchester Road, Sheffield. ARDENER (Second), Indoors and Out, where three or four are kept. — Age 23; seven years' experience under Glass, in good places. Two years'good character. — W. HILL, The Gardens, Mousehill Manor, Godalming, Surrey. ARDENER (Second) or FIRST JOUR- NEYMAN, (under foreman) in large Establishment.— Three years as LTnder Gardener in present situation. — W. H. SHAW", The Gardens, Ledstone Court, Worcester. March 22, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 375 GARDENER (Second), or good PLANTS- MAN.— Age 27, single ; ten years' experience in all Eighteen months' good character.— J. BBOOKS, _ I goad. St. Albans, Herts. GARDENER (Under), or thorough good Si.m.le-haxdeu: age 25.— Mr. PLUMB. Gardener to Lady l'rescott. Cross-in-Hand, Sussex, will be pleased to recommend a pushing young man as above. ARDEGER (Under, or Third ), where four are kept.— Age 21 ; good references. Total ab- stainer.—R. C. B.. 171. Holmesdale^Hoad, South Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (Undbh).— Age i>3 ; has been several years in the profession ; steady and industrious. —GARDENER, Mr. Turner, Drown Street, Luston, Suffolk. GARDENER (Undbb), or Third in good place, it.— Age 21 ; several years' expe- rience. Excellent character. Lesving to improve. Bothy preferred— THI >MAS r/MPLEBY, Boloore, Cuckfield. ARDENER (Under), in a Gentleman's Es- tablishment or Nursery.— Age 20. single; good refer- -A. BARKER, New-timber, Hassock-. a GARDENER (Under), Inside or Out.— Age 23 ; eight ye ira' experience in good Gardens. Good character; Bothy preferred.— H. WELLS, 43, Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent. TO NURSERYMEN, &&; Partnership desired iii -ounl Bu 29), good Propagator and Grower of Soft and Hard wooded Pla situation as FOREMAN, with option of Partnership. — E . Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden. Strand, W.C. \' I RSERY MANAGER, -Thorough]; a-\ rienced in Cu umbers, Tomatos, Bosea, ferns, Double tion and Mark.-t. — Hup. I'l's. Groveleigh Nursery, Retford. FOREMAN, or MANAGER in a Small Nursery.— Cucumbers, Tomato-, Cut Flowers, I; Wreaths, ■-. xperie ; highly recommended.— FLORIST. 2, Turkey Street. Walt ham Cross, Herts. t'OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 28 j four- teen ■ in Print- and Plants, Orchids, flu*. Early and late Forcing. A. Bl U Hall, Lincoln. FOREMAN, in a good establishment — \,.r 26; eleven years* ei -tale particulars to I .BLUNT, Well- Hit, bin, Herts. 1 FOREMAN. Age -I. eleven years' practical i lens, Knell Cu-' ■ Surrey. ITOREMAN; age 27. Mr. Hbbrin, Drop- more, ■ ,n. Thoroughly I" FOREMAN.— Age 31; fifteen years' experi- ii.l Green- Higjbly recommended.; G. DOVEY. Hurley, d, Hunts. ORE MAN, in the Houses; age 24.— Mr. in . . i.i i . I'o 'is Castle G ■ '. wishes tperience; threeinpri FOREMAN, good, where two or three in the ■ ; FOREMAN. Age 27, married; twelvi ,. . omo I ii '•'• EE1 CKDREMAN, oi good Second, Inside and Out ; 1_ ag^ ."I [ ■» young a ball years. 1 HOMAS GOLDBING, Chilgrore, < h To Nurserymen. FOREMAN a..d PROPAGATOR Age 30, mam- also Cucumbers, I r years' character. W. JOHNSTON, 3, Church Street, Stretford, Manchester. [fOREM \X and PROPAGATOR Age 37, 1 married ot the Trade. Orapes, Cucumber Wreathi kc.j also ' i I to Shop and Seed Trade. — II: Park. Addlestone. J70REM A X , I ' 1 10 PAGATOR, and G RO WER. . —Well up in Choice Out and Flowering Mi.rk.-t Stuff in General. Palms, I eras, in Bulbs. Roots, Cucumbers, and Tomatos. Twculy-tl I experts --.— P., 5, Gilbert Boad, South Wimbledon. I <"o I : EM A X, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in Jl Gentleman's Garden.— Age 2t ; eight years' ei nirnen-lation from present employer.— A. TROTT, . rden, Limpsfield, .Surrey. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and Store, Soft-wooded Stuff. .Vc. Pint-class references. — G. WA'iKKS, Coombe Nursery, Kingston Hill, Surrey. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 24; well up in Pelargoniums, Bou- vardias, Genistas, Double Primulas, Cinerarias, Carnations, Cyclamens, Solanums. Ficus, Perns. &.C.—R. H.. Gaideners' Chronicle Office. 41. Wellington Street. Strand. W.C. To Nurserymen. GROWER, of Soft-wooded Plants.— Age 22 ; eight years' experience.— For particulars, apply to J. C, a . Road. Wiciham Lane, Willing. Kent. GROWER.— Situation wanted by a young man. Thoroughly well up in Growing all sorts of Market Plants. &c. Nine vears' practical experience in Leading Nurseries.— H. SMITH, Petham Court, Swanley Junction. JOURNEYMAN (First).— Age 24; practical experience at Chatsworth. New-parks, lastly Shipley Hall. — HY. CARTER. The Gardens. Tapton Court, near Sheffield. OURNEYMAN (First), in the House.— Age 23; seven years" good experience, partly in the Mid- lands. Excellent recommendations. — H. iNELL, Upton, St. Mary Church, Torquay. OURNEYMAN (First., in Houses in a Gentleman's Establishment. — Age 23 ; eight years' practical experience in Large Places. Good character from j.r.sent and previous employers.— C. CLAXSON, The Gardens, South Weald, Brentwood, Essex. JOURNEYMAN ( First i. in the Houses, in a good establishment.— Age 2:: ; five years' expi Good character from presenl and previous employer-.. -T. BOLTON, The Gardens, Norman Court, Salisbury. To Gentlemen. JOURNEYMAN (First), in good Establish- ment.— Age 20; eight year- i n present Nursery. Good character nt employer. Total ub- ... pi 1. 1.1 V rhanie, Oxon. lOORNEYMAN, in 1. 1 Establishment. rf s.v iiacter.— H. SILK, 'i irg ■-. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 21; six vears' experience. Three and a half in pre- J. VINCENT. The G Park. Norwich. JOURNEYMAN. seven years id Out. Good recommend .. 0. B B., 17, Bondgate Street, \ ■ wick. JOURNEYMAN, in Pri tent. — T. BoBINSON.The Street Gardens, Chorley, Lanes. J 01 RNEYMAN. Age 20; good experience and willing. Not afrui.1 of work. G , , 1,,,, p,irk, . Hucks. JOURNEYMAN, In the Houses. -Age 20; Twelve months' chai W. S., SI, A- 1. no 1 1 B iad, St. John haul. S.E. JOURNE} M \X. in the Mous.-s Age 18 ; rperience, Inside mid Out. fan be well recommended,— E. BROOKES, Coton Hall Gardens, Bn.lg- tlop. JOURNEYMAN in Houses, or Second where three or four lire ki .villi ill THORNTON, r !. p.-sex. Jul RNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— J. TBI '"I Park, Peterborough, ■ in high! f i ' snd indust r JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, Gentleman's Establishment Igi . prefera adustrious n. .i. .i above,— The Gar.i. Berts, Jul UN EYM AN, iii the Houses, under a Fore- man, in a good Establishment.— Age 24 ; seven years' I .]. r U'.K, i he Gardens, Goodrich Court, Boss. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, in a good establish- ment, near London i -'•■ well up in Pro negating, Potting, Water rig, ■< Eleven years' ex| Good character.— J. .1. ASQI ITH, Newark Boad, Croydon. OURNEYMAN, in a g 1 Establishment; age 8».— William HiHi. Hanbury Hall, Droitwich, can strong ' young man, with JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— w. Si i row, Trie Gardens, Silverlande, ( hertsey, Surrey, .an very highly recommend a young man. Four yean ■* cellent character. — Apply as above. Jul RNEYMAN (SECOND), in the Houses.— Age ] - imbers, Tomatos, Peru-, Palms, &c. Good character from present situation. Bothy preferred.— \ I HAPBLQW, WUhngham, Cam bs. [OURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER— Age 18 j tf five and a half years' excellent character. Bothy pre- ferred.—A. CHII.MAN, Brasted, near Seveuoaks, Kent. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's (iarden, where two or three are 1 ept, where he can improve and help in the Hi uses.— Age iO; tall, steady, strong, and willing. Three and a half yearn' good reference.— G. GINN, Downe, Farn- borough, Kent. TMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— -a- Age 19 ; bothy preferred. Three years' good character. Abstainer. — R. HILL, Hawley, Farnborough, Hants. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden — J- Age 20; live years' good character.— F. 8LMMONDS, Chithurst, near Petersfield, Hants. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 19 ; four years' good character and experience. — W. WIL- LIAMS, Ha/.eley Heath. Winchneld, Hants. Seedsmen. IMPROVER.— Respectable, young: has had rive years' experience. — W. T. W., E. Rush, Seedsman, 1 iregate Street, Chester. TMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— A Age 19 ; strong, active, and willing. Two and a half vears' character from present place. Abstainer.— S. WALTERS, The Gardens, Purbeclt House. Swanage. IMPROVER — Gardener's son, age 19, strong; i iwth his father Inside and Oat three years, seeks situation in Gentleman's Garden, where he can Improve. Bothy preferred.— H. T., 19. Pevensey Road. Eastbourne. IMPROVER in the Houses, in a good Esta- blishment,—Age 18; strong, active, and willing. Three and a half years' excellent character. Bothy preferred.— F. NEVILLE. Steventon Manor Gardens, Whitchurch, Hants. nni ) NURSERYMEN. — Fbbdbmck Bi mi, -1- Foreman to Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, Leytonstone, irv foreman and Traveller at the Royal HasAum. tacot, i- open 1-1 an engagement. Palms, Gtardenias, Ferns, Tree Carnations. Boees, Htaths, and Cut Flowers, a specialty. . a, Crranleigb Boad, Park Qrove Huad, Leytooatone. Til NURSERYMEN.— A young man seeks JL situation, teven years' experience in Tomatos. Plants aiel Cut Flowers; age 21. Good references. — A. D., Rose Cottage, West Turnup'. Worthing. To XI RSERYMEN. Two young Men seel. 1 .-ion- m Market Nursery. Well up in Soft woo ed Plants. Roses, Tomatos. Cucumbers, Cut Bloom, &c. No ob- jection I i H. H., '.'. Seymour Cottages, Sey- mour Road, 11 .hex. Tu XI RSERYMEN.— Situation required by 1 rung Man igi 34), us Grower of Boeee, Bouvardiaa, and plantfl ill general for Market purpOaea, (iou.l references.— A. M.. K. Victoria Road. Long Lane, Beat Finchley, Middlesex, Ttt THE TUAHE -Advertiser ( *#-. .".II), jL mart. Well up in PI. int., perns. Cut fouiatos, m' Cucumbere. Qood references. — J. WINN. 18, Cherry Street, York. nPO XI RSERYMEN. Wanted, by a respeot- 1 tuation in a Nursery n here all round «ork n done. Abstainer. Three years' good cha- QRI i,i ii;\ , Queen't Boa I. Notts. To BLEAD GARDENERS As Garden or Plaaanre Qroond Man, nineteen months' character ; Bge 19, Can be well recommended. W. QODDA.BD. Coryton, Liuildford, Surrey. rPO GARDENERS, &o.— Young'.Man (age 18), 1_ desires situation under good Gardener. Highly recom- ■rilling and obliging.— B. B., 2, Phoenix Villas, . Merton, Surrey. '"l BNTLEMEN &c.— Wanted, by a strong 1 irorkujg young Man, a situation in a Gentleman's . iwei Garden. Six years' experience. Oood character from presenl and i" oui employers. A^e SI, i II ii \i W IBB, Bhroton, Blandlord, Dorset. 'rn t;i;X'H.i:.\li:X, &c — Young man seeks 1- situation to look after Pony and Trap, and .small Garden or Greenhouse. Age 19; three and s ball years' e,ood barn ter. BOTHESEy. Heene, Worthing, Sussex. SHOPMAN (Assistant). Over eight years' ice. — ASTKIl, Gardeners' 0 ' W "llmulon Street, Strand. W.C. T'O GENTLEMEN. Wanted by a respeot- able man, with good references, B situation on a ^.-ntie- . \s.-ll up in the following trades :— Plumbing, Hot rmngements, Gas, and House Painting. — F. B., Gardeners' CkronicU I llhce, II, Wellington Street, S'.rand.W.C. O FLORISTS.— A young Lady (age 21), seeks situation. Good references and expert, need in all ,ts bran, lie-.— F. B.. 19. St. Ann's Road, Sotting Hill. W. TO FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks 1 situation In Florist's or Florist's and Fruiterers, ijood references.-A. BLAKE, 129, Stoke Newington Road, N. H0LLOWAY8 OINTMENT and PILLS.— Coughs, Influenza.— The soothing properties of these medicaments r. ii l-r them well worthy of trial in all diseases of the respiratory organs. In common colds and influenza the Pill., taken internally, and the Ointment rubbed over the : throat, are exceedingly eflicacious. When influenza is epidemic, this treatment is the easiest, safest, and surest. Holloways Pills purify the blood, remove all obs'acles to its free circulation through the lungs, relieve the engorged air tubes, and render respiration free, without reducing the strength, Irritating the nerves, or depressing the spirits; such are the ready means of sming suffering when anyone i. afflicted with col-Is, coughs, bronchitis, and other chest com- plaints, by which so many persons are seriously and perma- nently atllicted in most countries. 376 THE GAEDENEPS' CHRONICLE. [March 22, 1890. "EXCELSIOR" THE PATENT LAWN MOWER. The First Prise Silver Medal, Paris Exhibition, 1S89. The Special Diploma of Merit, Glasgow Exhibition, 1888. Two First Prizes, Liverpool (open to all the World J Trials, 1886. The Highest Prize at Paris. THE PATENT The Highest Prize in England. CAN BE USED WITH OR WITHOUT COLLECTING-BOX. "EXCELSIOR." THE SIMPLEST AND BEST LAWN MOWER FOR ALL REQUIREMENTS. The Best and Lightest-running Hand-power Mower in the Market. The " Excelsior " cuts the closest of any Mower, collects the grass) rolls the ground, and leaves the lawn level, with a surface like velvet. PRICES. 6-inch Machine .. II 10 0 14-inch Machine .. £5 2 6 B-inch „ ..2 5 0 16-inch ., ..6 2 6 10-inch „ . . 3 5 0 18-inch ,, ..700 12-inch „ ..426 20-inch .. . . 7 10 0 COLLECTING BOXES EXTRA. For 6-inch, 8-inch, and 10-inch, price 5s. For 12-inch, 14-inch, and 10-inch, 7.«. 6d. For 18-inch and 20-inch, 10s. The " Excelsior " Horse-power Mower is well-known, and is highly suc- cessful in work. It is used on many important Estates, Cricket Grounds, and Public Parks. Its draft is lighter than that of any other Horse or Pony Mower, and is warranted to give satisfaction. PRICES. 25-inch Machine, including Collecting Box .. .. .. C 14 3"-inch ,, ditto ditto .. .. .. 18 35-inch „ ditto ditto . . . . . . 25 40-inch .. ditto ditto 30 Shafts, Seat, and Castor Wheels i'4 extra, if required. £§J° The Pr Tandand Horse-power Machines include Carriage to almost any liailu ay .station in Great Britain. No charge for Packing i THE PATENT "NEW MODEL" LAWN MOWER. GUARANTEED TO BE THE LIGHTEST-RUNNING MOWER IN THE WORLD. The " New Model " is the best and most efficient Mower of its class. It has been designed principally for Amateurs, and those who do not employ a professional gardener, and is unequalled for very light draft, low cut, and high quality of work. It is the only Mower made with the following very important advantages, viz. : — PATENT ADJUSTABLE BUSHING TO REVOLVING COTTER. PATENT NOISELESS RATCHET, WITHOUT SPRING. PATENT ADJUSTABLE GRASS COLLECTING BOX. PATENT SCREW CAP TO ADJUSTABLE HANDLE, which effectually prevents its working loose. PRICES. G-inch Machine £15 0 14-inch Machine £3 15 0 8-inch „ 1 lo 0 10-inch „ 4 5 0 10-inch „ 2 15 0 18-inch „ 4 15 0 12-inch „ 3 5 0 i 2o'-inch „ 5 5 0 For Prices of Collecting Boxes, see above. EVERY MOWER WARRANTED. " The ' Excelsior' is the most useful." — Gardeners' Chronicle. " Well adapted for the work needed." — Gardeners' Magazine. FITTINGS AND DUPLICATE WEARING PARTS. We hold a large stock of the above, and forward any part required, by Rail or Parcel Post, IMMEDIATELY OX RECEIPT OF ORDER— a facility afforded by no other House. All Machines for Repair should be sent to the Company's Dt?pot at once to secure early attention. THE LARGEST MAKERS OF LAWN MOWERS IN THE WORLD. CHADBORN & COLDWELL MFG. CO., 223, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. T. CLARKE, Manager. Registered Telegraphic Address: "LAWN MOWERS, LONDON." Editorial Communication* should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher." at the Office. 11, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradburv. AQNKW, & Co.. Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars. Citv of London, in the Count v of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office. 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, March 22, 1S90. Agent for Manchester— John Hetwood. Established J841 No. 2570. No. 170.— Vol. VII. {STEHR',EE°} SATUEDAY, MARCH 29, 1890. .,/ Price 3d. \ Post-Free, tyd. im* NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS. Friday next, April 4, being Good Friday, the " Gardeners' Chronicle " will be pwb- lis/inl on Thursday, April 3. Advertisements for next WEEK must therefore reach the Office not later than Wednesday Morning, April 2. CONTENTS. ADgrn'rum primulinum . Apply trade in Denmark Birds, the preservation of small Book :— Cultivated Oranges and Lemons of Ceylon, &c. Bulb garden GunelUai ut Chtewicl. i Lucyan Ho Centropogo Chiyeantne logue of Citron, the Fingered Clenutl % the Colonial notv-t Colwyn Bay, w ml plaoti at Cotton seed oil, new w for Crocua stellarlfl Cultural memoranda Daffodil Conference ,. Sir Watkin . Florist*' flov i i oreign i orrespondena Fruits under kuum Ghent . r*r.- plan, ii (Hadiolui*. the ... Hippeattrum, the Irii Roeenb ichil ,, BindjareneU... Journal dcx Ore ft Kew Notes Kingston Chrysanthe- mum Society | Kitchen garden, the ... Kitchen-garden notes ... La Mortola. plant- at ... Lilies in tubs NarciKUS, ti new hybrid i Ibitnary : — ! Cauldwell, W Walker, K On hid-houses Orchid notes Orchids atStudley House Phaius Cooksoni -. Pitcher At Blandaa Nnr- Plant portraits Plant* and their culture Potato experiments Societies : — Royal Botanic Royal Horti. ultura] ... for furring ' ' tig : February Thorpe Perron; Trees fur Btreet plan, tag Weather W i Idsm it h Memorial i Fund ILLU8TRATION8. Citron, the Fingered Citrus japonica < (ranges, malformed Phaius Cooksoni X Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position he guaranteed for ad- vert itements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 60. ^THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 1 Vul. VX, Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to Ameiica, including Postage, is 81. .'JO for Twelve Months. Agent for America : — E. H. LIRItY, Manager. "The American Garden," 10. Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. EWCASTLE-ON-TYNE SPRING FLOWER SHOW, APRIL 16 and 17. I8B0. AUTUMN FLOWER SHiiW A rijcsr 20. ji. ,i,,i 32. 1890. Entries fur spring dust- Friday. April 11. Fur schedules, &c. apply i" JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secretary, Cros9 noow Chambers. NATIONAL CHHYSANTII KM I M BOCrETY, 1890, Centenary Year, pkizks over SIX IHINDRKI* ash Mil Y POUNDS. Schedules are now ready, pee on application to — Mr. WILLIAM HOLMES. Hun. S. , . Frampton Park Nurseries, Htn kn.-y, London, SUTTON'S MAIVLIVH VTR WHITE COS LETTUCE.— Perfectly self-folding, the heart large, crisp. and tender, combined with excellent flavour. This Lettuce has the merit of standing a longer time before running to seed than any other Cos variety. Mr. J. Miir writes (in the Garden) :— " The largest of all, both for exhibition and general use. A grand summer Lettuce." Price of seed, Is. Hd. per packet ; 2s. 6d. per ounce, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only dibkct FR'tM SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. ARK'S Beautiful Hanly~T»AFFODILS. Cut Specimen Flowers, correctly named, now ready, at fol- lowing prices, post-free, one flower each of 12 kinds. 'Js. 6d. ; of |8 kinds, 3t. id. : of 38 linds, t ■ 6d : of SO kinds. vis. «<(. Three flowers each of above, i . tsr. 6d., ns.'Ao.., BARR AM. SON, 12 and 13. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. Grape vines. WM. PAUL am. S( IN have still a fine Stock of weU-ffpened, s, of ill leading varieties. Fraitfnj Planting, 3s. otf. to be, each, Paul's nurseries, Wall h im Cross, Herts. WANTED to Exchange, choioe ORCHIDS for Large Specimens ol ordin try kinds, such as Lcelia ■ limn Low ianum, ,Ac. Address, OR' HID, Gardtnm' Chrmiclt office, 41. Wellington Stn I H C, Notice of Removal. A ('ATI AN l.i i. Salesman ami Commission • aOBX i for i i orced Proil and Vege ad to ne, re extensive II 27, CATHERINE 3TR1 n . Covent Garden, W.C, where all Comn J\Y. BARNHAM Receives on Commission, • GBAPES, TOM ITOS, nd other Choice FRUITS; also FLOWERS. Hi- i . urfng Mghi • Prices. account Sales dail] It iskcts and labels found. Long m • Qai Ii a, W C. (' BOICE FLOWERS i BOICjE FRUIT, Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES, Covenl Garden, W.O. (MIAS. COOPER am. Co., Wholesale Florists, J Bedfordburj, Covent Garden, ire open to Receive Consign- ■ Ihoiec Cut Flowers for their CommlasJon Department. Established 15 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 11, Catherine Btreet, I Garden, W.C, will b« pleased to receive for Sal,- on Commission. Consignments of really CI e Cut FLOWERS. Ii: II. ami other Produce Every detail promptly and st ricl Iv al teuded to. Rankers— London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address -"BOUVARDIA, London." 1UT FLOWERS and Choioe FRUITS Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent !.-ii of the North, by WM. BULMAN, Produ e Auctioneer, .i Tyne. Telegraphic Address -" BULMAN, Newcastlc-on-Tyne." C MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NURSRKYMKN, Sidcup. and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Mark,!, Covenl Harden, London. W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Roxes and Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address -"COMMISSION. SIDCUP." ANTED, Large PA LMS, DRAOENAS, CROTONS, ASPEDISTRAS, AZALEAS. ASPARA- GUS TENI'ISsIMIIS. and A PLUMOSUfl NANCS, for Cash or EXCHANGE. — Apply, MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane. Haniiuer«iiiilh, ' WANTED, MANETT1 and SEEDLING BRIERS, for planting at once. Rosebuds In the budding season for budding the same. State price per 1000, with sample of stocks. THOS. rothf.Roe, Florist, Otley, Yorks, ANTED) a complete i !opy of tin- " HARDY FRUIT HOOK," by Fish. ELIOTT, The Exeter Nursery, Exeter. vv New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Scaled Warrants. 237 and 238, Hum HoLBOElf, London, W.C. PRETTY FLOWERS.— All best named sorts, 12 Show Pansies. 3s. 6. per dozen; B0». and 100«. per 100. Bozee and packing free Cash witii order. -JAS. HOLDER UTD SI IN, CrownNursery, Reading. Wholesale Price Current. Spring. 1890. AGRICULTURAL SEEHN. PETEB 1.AWSON am, SON (Limited), Edinburgh, will be glad to post, free upon application, their newly published CATALOGUE of Field Bool S I», Cloven, Oraasefp ftc.t with Bp I l ea when desired, I^LETCIIER i;i:os.,l,:1v.-,-iv,Tvld.u,st,„]i ol I si lard PLUMS and DAMSONS, also AUOUBA jai'iiMca. i to 3 feet, bushy. Ottershaw Nursery, Cbertsey, Surrey. To Market Growers. •ELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and J FLOWER SEEDS al wholesale prices. Before rchaaing elsewhere, -cud f * General S I c vi \ LiiOUE. II I. COLEMAN, s [Merchant, Sandwich. Kent. Pirn: 1 1 I;. KIRKS, Woodhous,- Nurseries, Sheffield, ha. a quantity of good strong TOMATO PLANTS. Perfection and Acme, ready for planting, 4s., 6s., and ■ per di >/.en rPO THK TRADE.— JERUSALEM ARTI- -L CHOKES, and STACHYS TUBEBIFERA, a I'uie stock ^rriv. ii by ourselves. Lowest price on application to — JAMES CARTER and CO., 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. LAWN MOWERS. — Hie "EXCELSIOR" (Patent)has thelargest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to he the very l>est for keeping the Lawn in rn nlition. The patent "NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADHORN AND COLDWELL, M'f'u. Co.. S23, Upi er Thames Btreet, London, E C. See Advertisement on outside cover, page 376. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VTNEandPLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, VictoriaRoad, Putney. WM. THOMSON and SONS. Clovenfords. Galashiels. N.B. A Lady wishes to Dispose of GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, complete for .1 years, 1882, 18S3, lSSt. 188S, 1W6. Apply to Miss WINN'. Appleby Hall, Doncaster. GA I : DENERS' CHRONICLE, unbound, from duly. 1882, to H mher, 1889. Address, M. II., Ivy Cottage, Page Street, Mill Hill, N.W. 378 THE GARDENERS' CHR ONI CL E. [Marcii 29, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Monday Next. Various LILIES from Japan ; a large assortment of Enelish- erown LILIES and hardy BULBS, 500 hvbrirl GLADIOLI, American PEARL. TITBEROSES, BEGONIAS, GLOX- INIAS, TIGRIDIAS, 300 CALLA ALBA MACULATA, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, PALMS, Standard and Dwarf ROSES. &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms, 67 and 68, Cli.-apsid'e. London, E. C.,ou MONDAY NEXT, March 31, at half-past 12 o'clock. Tuesday Next. 400 Standard. Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing EOSES. CARNATIONS. GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS. CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS, FRUIT TREES, RHODODENDRONS, &c. TV/TESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will 1VL SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms, 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C.. on TUESDAY NEXT, April 1, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68. Cheapside. E.C. Tuesday Next. ORCHIDS in FLOWER for Easter Decoration, and 1200 Satyriums from the Cape. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Loudon, E.C, on TUESDAY NEXT. April 1, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, about 200 lots of various ESTABLISH ED ORCHIDS, all in Flower and Bud from various collections; also about 1200 SATYRIUM CUCU LA- TUM, beautiful white, very sweet tcented ; S. ERECTUM (orange yellow); and S. CARNEUM (very fine pink). The Bulbs are all fine and sound. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Tuesday Next— April 1. By order of Messrs. Charles-worth, Shuttleworth, & Co., Heaton. Bradford ; and l'.'l. Park Road. Claphim, S.W. EPIUEMIKI'M ERELiRICEI GUILELMI, ODONTO- GL0S3UM CMSPUM, PACHO variety. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are . instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Booms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. on TUESDAY NEXT, April 1, at hall-past 12 o'clock, a truly valuable con- signment of EPIDENDRU.YI FREDRICEI GUILELMI, sent home by our indefatigable collector, Mr. E. Klaboch, the only man knowing the habitat of this gorgeous Orchid. It is with the greatest difficulty that we have succeeded in getting plants, several attempts to import them alive have failed, therefore this species is very rare, we believe there are only half a dozen plants m collections which were brought home person- ally by the collector. The plant is of a very ornamental character, 2 to 2£ feet high, furnished with handsome oblong leaves, and quite distinct from any other species. The pseudobulbs or stems grow out into a purple peduncle, support- ing a many-flowered raceme. The flowers are of a rich crim- son colour, beautifu'ly scented, and lasting a long time in per- fection. The plant is very free-llowering, and it is most suit- able for exhibition purposes, its fine long racemes producing a charming effect when placed beside other Orchids. It is of very easy culture, and requires intermediate treatment, having been found at an altitude of 6 — 7000 feet. Every plant offered is guaranteed true. The Sale will also include a very fine lot of ODONTOGLOSSUM CKISPUM from the best Pacho districts; ab-o the sweet scented OATTLEIA CITRINA, and ODONTO- GLOSSUM ROSSI MAJUS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. LILIUM LANCIFOLIUM ALBUM KK03TZERI, L. SPECIO- SUM EUBRl'M, and a large assortment of various LILIES from Japan; 150 AZALEA MOLLIS. 15) AZALEA INDICA. in flower and bud; RHODODENDRONS, HER- BACEOUS PLANTS. Standard and Dwarf ROSES, a choice assortment of PALMS, DRACHMAS, FICUS. Greenhouse and Stove FERNS, and other DECORATIVE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, cheaps.de, E.C, on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 2, at half-pa*t 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. SALE of NURSERY STOCK and GREENHOUSE PLANTS from SAMPLE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, '67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC. on THURSDAY NEXT, April 3, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, large quantities of NURSERY SToCKand GREENHOUSE PLANTS from Sample, including the following :— odo Adiantum cuneatum. 500 Double White Primulas, BOO Geraniums, F. V. Baspail, 500 Fuchsias, win Standard Roses, 800 Rhododendrons, 1000 Laurustinus, 1000 Laurels, 150 Thuja Lobbii aurea variegate, Standard, Dwarf, and trained Fruit Trees, Strawberry plants for forcing. Herbaceous plants, &c. on view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had of the Auctioneers. Wednesday Next, April 2. 1000 Standard, Half-Standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, from one of the most successful English growers, including most of the best show varieties of Teas, Noisettes, hybrid perpetuals, and others, together with some of the newest sorts in cultivation ; pyramid, standard and dwarf-trained FRUIT TREES, in large quantity ; hardy ornamental SHRUBS. EVERGREENS, and CONIFERS; BORDER PLANTS. A fine collection. STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS; grand bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM and other LILIES, from Japan, PEARL TUBEROSES, GLADIOLI, &c, &c. Ml!. .1. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. - ■'. Garden. W.C.. on WEDNESDAY, April 2, at half-past Thursday Next, April 3. A fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, mostly in Flower and Bud, including many fine varieties and specimens ; also Grand Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM. and many other LILIES, from Japan, in splendid condition; I'EAKL TIIBERi iSEs, TIGRIDIAS. from America ; LILY' OF THE VALLEY Crowns. &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above bv AUCTION at his Great Booms. 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C, on THURSDAY NEXT, April 3, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, April 17. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that h's NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will take place at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden. W.C, on THURSDAY. April 17. and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of entering plants for this Sale will pie l SEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. WANTED, TO RENT, about 500 feet to li 00 feet of GLASS HOUSES, suitable for Growing usual Market stuff.— X.. 9, Exchange. Balham. To Gardeners. Cirmen, &c TO BE SOLD, a well-established NURSERY, 11 Greenhouses well heated, first -class Stabling and Sheds, the whole covering about 1 acre of land in the best part of St. John's Wood. Long lease, good jobbing connection ; a chance seldom met with. Price £100. Apply on the premises, Waverly Nursery, St. John's Wood, N.W. To Nurserymen and Florists. FOR SALE, with Immediate Possession, a First-class Going Concern, in perfect working order, within -10 miles of London, with good Connection in Covent Garden and in the Provinces. Satisfactory reason for disposal. There is a RESIDENCE and FREEHOLD PROPERTY of about 1 Acre, covered with fourteen Forcing Houses, all in proper going order. The Business is old and well established, and is noted for its Flowers and Plants, as well as Fruitst. espe- cially Peaches. Price for Goodwill, £J50. Lease £3' I, can be arranged. Stock at value ; or the whole will be Sold, includ- cludtng Stock, fur £2,500. For further particulars apply to OSCAR BERRY', Esq., Chartered Accountant, Monument Yard, E.C. O B E LET, at Tottenham, capital FLORISTS' PREMISES, comprising 3 Greenhouses, in all about 180feet run, fitted with Hot water Apparatus, Potting Shed, &c. Kent £25 a year. Splendid opening for an I ri in. Appl) to Mr. ALFRED RICHARDS, Auctioneer and Estate Agent, 1 1 igh Road. Lower Tottenham. (69.3.) rpo LET, a well-established N URSERY, JL about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. 1; o'C'0:k pn On i selv ling of Sale, and Catalogues had. Ponder's End, Middlesex (8} Miles from London). rrO BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and J- Arable LAND, on Lease for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £3 to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. AND G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, Middle-ex. ORCHIDS THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are offering a fine lot of newly imported Dendrobium Wardia- num Lowii, D. Brymeriunum (true long-bulbed variety), and many other fine bendrobes and Orchids, also au immense sto.k of Established Orchids. LISTS with Prices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HOME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion : Prices extremelv moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1782. J. R. PEARSON and SONS, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. SUPERIOR dwarf EVERGREEN LAWN CRASS SEEDS. Thoroughly cleaned and made perfectly free from Weeds. BEST MIXTURE, excluding Ryegrass, Is. 3o\ per lb., 1355. per cwt. CHEAPER MIXTURE, including a limited proportion of Ryegrass, Is', per lb., 10JS. per cwt. Delivered Free by Rail or Pared Post. IGKSONS Seed Growers, Nurserymen, &c. CHESTER ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The GRAND HYACINTH COMPETITION and SPRING FLOWER SHOW will be held in the Waverley Market on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, April 2 and 3. By permis- sion of Lieutenant-Colonel Everett and Officers, the Band and Pipers of the Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders will Perform each Day and Evening. Admission— Wednesday, 1 to 5, Is'.; 5 to 10, 6 applical ion. Thirty variet ies "" offer. W. II. HUDSON, West Ureei ad, rotten] London. special Cheap Offer. ISAAC MATTHEWS ash SONS have to offer 100.000 very tine plants of RHODODENDRON for iii-s White, .lacks., in,, Caucasicum pictum. PONHCUM RHODODENDRON, from -''• '■- B inches, and intermediate s!/.-s up to 4 feet, aliout onii.noii ; s Ming Hybrids, in size (mm 1 til fi inches to :: feet, nliout 100, '. HOLLIBS, Common LAURELS, Portugal LAURELS, English YKVVS. CUPRESSUS RETINOSPORA, AZALEAS, 2i in. strong 4-yr. and 5-yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and p irticulars apply to the Nurseries, Milton and Wetley Moor, Stoke on-Trent. R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful • BEGONIAS. The best Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. Begonias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double and Single. B. R. DAVIS, Bagonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. CARTERS' INVICTA LAWN GRASS FORMS BEAUTIFUL VELVET LAWNS IN 8 to 12 WEEKS. Vide Carters' Pamphlet upon the Management of Lawns and Lawn Tennis Grounds, post-free. PRICES— CiPBIAGE Fhkk. Per lb. Per bush. Perpkt. For newly-formed Lawns 1 3 25 - ) i For Tennis Grounds . . 1 - 20 - -. „ I „ fi For repairing old Lawns 1 3 25 - V repairing ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SEALED WARRANTS. 237 238 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES and PINKS. c [HARLES TURNER'S extensive Collections of tie plan! ing out. CATALOi pplication. THE ROYAL NURSERIES, SLnllill. FARM ROOT SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE & GO. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS OF THEIR HOME-GROWN FARM SEEDS OX APPLICATION, SLEAFORD. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND. THE THIRD ELECTION of TEN CHILDREN To the Benefit of this Fund, Consisting of an allowance of 6s. per week (subject to the conditions stated in Rule XIII. I. will take pl.ee on FRIDAY, July 18th next, at the Cannon Street Hotel, London, E.C. All applications must be made on a proper Printed Form, Copies of which may be had Gratis of the Hon. Secretary, or any of the Local Secretaries. Such Form must be correctly filled up, duly signed, and returned to this Office not later than WEDNESDAY, April 23. A. F. BARRON, Hon. Sec. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick. S.W. rFHE SOCIETY of APOTHECARIES of X LONDON give notice that a Course of Twelve Lectures on BOTANY will be delivered by J. G. Baker. F.R.S., F.L.S., at their Garden at Chelsea, on the Saturduys.of May, June, and July next, at .1 i \l. The Lectures will be open to all Medical Students and other gentlemen being desirous to attend. Tickets of admission to be obtained of the Bedell. .1. H. UPTON, Clerk to the Society. Apothecaries Hall, B.C.— 1890. AILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, via Queeuborough. Flushing, Kal- denkirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian Posts, is specially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs. &c. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariffs free on application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST, RYLEY and CO.. SS. Bishopsgate Street. Loudon, E.C. Receiving Office at Holoorn Viaduct Station. BOROUGH OF BURNLEY. Tj Landscape Gardeners and Others. THE TOWN HALL, PARKS, AND ESTATES COMMITTEE .■I hi. . .i ui, Jorporatii DESIGNS FOR LAYING-OUT A PLOT OF LAND a, a Public Pari at Burnley. For which the following premiums will be awarded;— First Premium. £20 ; Second Premium, £6. Lithographed Plan "1 Site, and particulars may be obtained on llll Kslifi Hi.- 27111 mst.. on application to the BOROl ml SI RVEXOR, on payment of a deposit of lus.tj.i'., which "ill be returned on receipt of a bond tote design. Designs must be senl in not later than Thursday, the 18th '" ■"'■ ROBERT E. FOX. Town Clerk. town Hall. Burnley. March 21, 1890. T E. DIXON'S "PRESIDENT CAR NOT " rj • BRUSSELS SPROUTS. J. E. D. will be able to supply this extraordinary fine strain at 1*. per packet, for season 1690. The following testimonial (one ..I many similar) hus been received from — Mr. i, i .no,!. Simmiks. Hardener to the Earl of Scarhrough :— "DEAn Siu,— I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprouts by tbo side of several other well- known varieties, and have come to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety grown." London Wholesale Ageiit.s:-H!!RST Asn SON. 152.Hounds- ditch, E. ; COOPER, TABER AND CO. (Limited), 90, South- wark Street, Borough, S.E. JOHN KTHICKINGTON DIXON (second son of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 21 and 38, I.ord Street, Gainslsjrough. WIL1I. KLIEM, Uotha (Germany ),otFe_rsthe following: — HEPATICA ALBA, 60s. per 1000; very Btrong, 100s. ,, RUBRA, 60s. per 1000 ; very strong. 90l. „ CCBRULEA, SO*, per 1000; very strong, ibl. ,. COiKIILEA. More plcno, 55'. per 1000. .. RUBRA, flora pleno, 26s. per 1000. ANEMONE PULSATILLA, 35«. per 1000. ,, SYLVESTRIS. 85f. per 1000. CYPRIPEDIUM CALCEOLUS, 90s. per 1000. Mi ()()() LOBELIA, Emperor William, *'\Jl\J\J\f warranUd true from cuttings. JOHN SOLI i HON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. 6d. per Inn. L'lis. per 1000. for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery, Walthamstow, E. Seed Potat09. AND F. SHAKPE have still in stock the . following varieties of SEED POTATOS, which they are offering at very low prices : - H Sandringlmm Kidney Kiver's Royal Aahleaf Alma Kidney Old Ashleaf Kidney Pride of Ontario Snowdrop Besul v of Hebron Duki- of Albany Ameri.-an Early Rose Whit,- Elephant Covent t.r.irdep 1: Schoolmaster Early Oxford Sutton'a Masterpiece Reading Hero Best of All Queen of the Valley Village Blacksmith And Tli^ above have been I.Tli. Veitch s Improved Ashlea Myatt s Prolific Ashleaf Gloucestershire Kidney Mona Pride Snowflake VVInie Iteauty ofHtbron Pride of America Extra Early Vermont International Kidney Sutton's Abundance Sutton'a Early Regent Lady Dundaa Early liutmanoy Red-skin Flourball Reading Russet Adirondack MaRnlim Honum Imperator •ed onourown Parin expressly for Seed, are nne in quality, and well dressed. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. 380 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [March 29, 1890. SHARPE'S "TRIUMPH" PEA (Charles Sharpe & Co., Sleaford) THE PEA for Solving in the neighbourhood of Large Towns. See THE GARDEN, March 22, 1590. "On our deep cold clay, with an atmosphere loaded with smoke (near St. Helen's, Lancashire), this Pea made a free growth, about 3 feet high, producing a heavy crop of well filled pods. It is a Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow, with an excellent flavour." Price, per Pint packet. Is. ; Quart packet, 2s. TRADE PRICE ON APPLICATION. Purchase direct from the Raisers: — CHARLES SHARPE & CO., Seed Farmers and Merchants, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. EIGHTY HOUSES DEVOTED to CULTURE of ORCHIDS, PALMS, and FERNS. The GLASS STRUCTURES cover an area of upwards of 315.000 feet. Immense quantities of Winter and Spring Flowering Plants in variety. Ornamental Foliaged Plants. Fruit Trees, Grape Vines, Ro es, Shrubs, &c. INSPECTION OF THE STOCK INVITED. HUGH LOW & CO.. CLAPTON NURSERY, LONDON, and BUSH HILL PARK, ENFIELD. JARMAN "UNIVERSAL" CO 'S LLEGTIONS FOR ONE YEARS SUPPLY. VEGETABLES.— 2s. 6d„ 5s., 10s. 6rf., 15s., 21s., 31s. 6rf.. 42s., and 63s. FLOWERS.— Is., 2s. 6d., 5s., 10s. 6rf., 15s., 21s., 31s. 6d., & 42s. All post-free or carriage paid. We offer £5 5s. PRIZES FOR SIX ONIONS. Full particulars in our Large Seed Manual gratis and post-free. JARMAN & C O . ^SOMERSETSHIRE. SPECIAL CULTURE OF FRUIT TREES AND ROSES. A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits postrfree. The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post-free. THOMAS RIVERS & SON, The Nurseries, Sawbridgeworth, Herts. pLIBRAN'S SEED LIST, Illustrated, 112 VJ pages, free, three slamps. I UTCDCGTI UP Heat Vegetables and Flowers, including iniCnCOl mil all that is fashionable, Poppies, Gail- lardias. &c. Clibran'sTomatois the Best. Try it I Is. 6*. per ton, .'is. per cwt. Free delivery on lo ml (tireat Northern Railway). H.ig.in, lie led for cash with Drdera -FREDK. OKK. Rirerfonl Hon-.-, BigglesMade, Bedfordshire. | PleaM name Gardeners' ChronicU when Ordering.) EORQE COOPER, Skkdsman, Bedford! Special offer. Term-, cash :— BEANS, Dwarf French, Ne Plus Ultra ... 16*. Orf. per bushel. ,, ., Canadian Wonder l.'u. ou\ .. Early Long|K)d 5S. M. 1'1-:AS, Leicester Defiance 10.!. Orf ., NePlue Ultra ]2s. oSA,&o. t ""'"y leaves- Also a very tin.- selection of the above varieties from 6 to 10 teet high, In the most perfect condition tor decorative purposes, w. IOETON, Putney Park Lane, s.W. To the Trade. MANGEL WTJRZEl and TURNIP SEEDS. HAND F. SHARPE will be pleased to • giveSi .1 Quotations (01 all the leading kinds of MANGEL UTKZKI. and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- plan led bull is. The prices are verj Low thia season. S I Homing Establishment, Wi-l.-eh. FUCHSIAS, stroDg and well-rooted, in 50 best A vur- , llouhle an- 1 Single, Bs. per 10(1. for Cash. S. MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. To the Trade. I;i;i;\s KERNS i-'ERNS. In twenty most saleable sorts— ADIANTUM OUNEATUM, POLYPO- DIUMS, CYRTOMIOMS, PTERIS, teat 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTERIS CRETICA CK1STATA. few other kinds from stores, is. per 100. 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH. Loudon Feru Nurseries, 140, Loughborough Boad, Brixton, S.W. GENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel. 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins.. 2Cs. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 8 ins., 12s. doz. SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, luii. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. PEAT. LOAM. SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses. Southwark Street. London, S.E. O MARKET GARDENERS, &c.— To Grow Fine VEGETABLES ami FLOWERS. Gardeners should use SULHHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great value of this Manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, 13.?. per cwt., or 7s. per fid lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. 382 THE GAB BE NEBS' CUB ON I CLE. [March 29, 1890. WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAIN OF PRIMULA IS THE BEST, And has secured numerous Gold Medals in Exhibitions both at Home and Abroad. WILLIAMS' ALBA MAGNIFICA. Per packet, Is. Gd. and Vs. 6d. WILLIAMS' AVALANCHE. Per packet, 2s. Gd. and 5s. WILLIAMS' METEOR. Per packet, 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd. WILLIAMS' RUBRO VIOLAGEA. Per packet, 2s. Gd. and 3s. Gd. WILLIAMS' SUPERB BLUE. Per packet, 2s. Gd. and os. WILLIAMS' SUPERB RED. Per packet, Is. Gd. and "s. Gd. WILLIAMS' SUPERB WHITE. Per packet, Is. Gd. and 2s. Gd. ILLUSTRATED SEED CATALOGUE Gratis andiPost-free on application. B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. JOHN SHARPE & SON'S BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED "AMATEUR'S GARDEN GUIDE" WILL BE FOUND TO BE The Most Instructive Work upon Gardening for 1890. Price Is., Post Free. S3 QS H ■ of &;§ 1! <£ 09 § MS o Abridged Lists of JOHN SHARPE & SON'S VEGETABLE AND FLOWER SEEDS Gratii on application. JOHN SHARPE & SON'S o Sg § H s w gen rJ [> *w ~M §2 a <3 |3 2 n S o « 5- FARM SEED LIST" Will be forwarded, Free of Charge, on enquiry to $ John Sharpe & Son, Seed Growing Establishment, BARDNEY, LINCOLNSHIRE. SDTTON'S IMPROVED CAMELLIA-FLOWERED BALSAM. This magnificent strain surpasses in extraordi- nary sise, perfect form, and brilliancy of colour, any hitherto introduced. "Cultivators of Balsams for Exhibition might with advantage see tile Reading plants ; they afford the finest models for exhibition specimens thatcould possibly be had." — Gardeners' Magazine. "The Balsams I had from your seeds list year were quite as good a3 the illustration in your Guide. They were perfect pictures." — Mr. G. A. ELLIS, Wal ham Abbeij. 6 Varieties, separate, 30 seeds of each, 5 - 4 Varieties, separate, 20 seeds of each, 3 6 Mixed . . per packet, 1 6 POST-FREE. Sutton's Seeds GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON & SONS,READINC. Mahch 29, 1890.] THE GARDENERS'' CHRONICLE. 383 WEBBS' P0TAT0S 3 FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES, National Conference, Chiawick, 1889. WEBBS' " RENOWN." — Second early, round: ol unequalled flavour. 38. 6d. per Peck of II lb. WEBBS' " WORDSLEY PRIDE." — Second earlv, kidney ; an extraordinary cropper. 3S. 6d. per Peck of 111b. WEBBa' " EPICURE."— A seedling from Pal* rson'ei ii I WoodstockKidney; late, round. 4s. 6d. per Peck of 14 lb. WEBB&SONSArVCRDSLEY.STOURBRIDGE SEED POTATOS. To Grow In GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin— a great improvementon the old vuri-t \ . Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send for Descriptive CATAXOG0E. the most complete in the Trade, containing deacrlp'fon of most sorts worth growing, j. WATKiNS. Potato Grower. POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. FERNS a SPECIALITY. The fiuest, most, varied, choice and interest! Dg collection in the Trade. UuO specie^ and vur <-ti.-H of .lim-, kjri'.-iilioiis.* ami hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Hooks, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. £1), containing 130 illustration! and much valuable inft.nu.it a the cultivation of Ferns, <»m:.Shili.in«. .iml Si \ilmk, j>o»t-free. w. & JTbirkenhead, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. rPO have these at small cost, buy 1- lovely -L Abutilous, .'is. tiii\; 12 Heliotropes ur U Iaiiitunas, L< . , .;,/*; DDC.__>. 12tine ltouvur.lias. U.; Hcr- r^r\t I I Y uto'uusCiii !nrias(nobettei 81 l,E(T VEGETABLE •Sc Flower Seed Potatos, Garden Tools, & Sundries. SEEDS Beat Qualities Only, Prices most Moderate. Delivered Free by Rail or Parcel Post. Illustrated bescriptive Priced Catalogue, No. 370, Post Free on application. I |TfkX«TR4ri'NrQNurs«ries* Se5(l i/ltllVOUIN 0 Establishment Chester. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER, DERBYSHIRE, Begs to inform the readers, of this Paper that he is pre- pared to execu'e Orders for the following Plants, all of which are nf the v-ry finest strain* that money can bicy. They have all beengrown on the Derbyshire kills, and are hardy and strong. Carriage free. Cash with order. Descriptive LIST, Ad. ; free CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Special culture, not a collection of old-fashioned sorts, but the cream only of the best English, Freoch. American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good weil-rooted plants, 12 for 25. ; 25 for '6s, Gd., warranted true to name; 12 varieties, all new of 1888 and 1869. for is. PANSIES — A great Specialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prize?. The cream only of the most noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named, Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s.. 25 for 5s. 6 for 2s. id. ; 100, 9s , all good blooming plants. Also Seed, i. and Is. per paekat. H flow VAt'lYl'lll'S ('AM Hf.'ANS.- A really fine and stately hardy white-flowered border plant. Six ng Bulbs for Is. id.. 12 for is. 6'■— FIIAIU9 COOKSOMX : COLOCB NANKKKS 1-I.CSHED WITH riNK, (sEK P. 388.) Heavy soils do not suit the Gladiolus so well as more sandy ones, but they will do well even in clayey loam, if the drills are filled up with a well prepared sandy soil, pressed down firmly with the back of a rake or a spade. Abont the last week in March, or early in April, Gladiolus seed may be sown, and where large quantities of plants are required, it can be sown on the open border, in beds of sandy soil ; but gardeners and amateurs who may have space to plant only a few hundreds, would do well to sow the seed in 32-tized pots, each pot holding about fifty plants. The seeds vegetate in a mild bottom heat in about ten days, and as the plants advance in growth, more air must be admitted to the frame until the end of May, when the lights may be removed entirely. But I do not disturb them then, but leave them where they stand. As soon as the leaves turn of a yellow colour, that is in the autumn, the corms are taken up, and stored in dry sand for the winter. They must be watched closely about the ripening stage, or they will start into growth almost as soon as the leaves decay. J. Douglas. ANEMONE HORTENSIS.— We have received a bunch of these welcome flowers of spring from Mr. Wolley Dod, accompanying a note describing the mode of culture pursued at Malpas, and which we shall print in our next issue. much larger size, and the more rounded lobes of the leaf." A plant of A. catl'ra now in flower at Kew bears out this opinion, for there is nothing except size to distinguish one from the other. In A. Fan- ninii the leaves are 1 foot or more in diameter ; the scape from 2 to 5 feet high, and the flowers are ■1 inches across. In A. caffra the leaves are ti inches across, the flowers nearly 3 inches across, and the scape is 15 inches high. There is a difference also in the hairyness of the plants, A. Fanninii being clothed with long silky almost villous hairs, whilst in A. caffra they are shorter and less abundant. Both species are worth growing for the sake of their large flowers, which last at least a fortnight on the plants. // inthus multiflorus, generally known in gardens ns II. Kalbreyeri, is one of tlie most ornamental of the many species known, and it is now in bloom in the Begonia-house. It requires warm-house treatment all the year round ; when the leaves fade, no water should be given, but when growth recommences the soil should be kept constantly moist. At Kew this plant, which is generally a failure under cultivation after the first year or so, has flowered annually for the last four years under" this treatment, which is precisely the same as suits H. Katherinrc. Buphane to.vimria.—'Vhe plant of this now flower- ing at Kew, and which was exhibited at the meeting of the Koyal Horticultural Society, March 11, has not ling will soon appear above the soil, and should then be pricked off into pans of sandy soil, pressed firmly. If before sowing the seed the soil be watered thoroughly, only a slight covering of the seeds will be required, a little dry sand scattered evenly over it sufficing. A piece of slate should be placed over the pans, to be replaced by a piece of glass, and which need not be kept over them for more than a week, till the seed germinates. Damp is the great enemy to be avoided, which is best done by trans- planting the seedlings as soon as they maybe readily handled. With care, Begonias may be bloomed in July of the same year ; the fine colours and forms may then be separated for planting in beds, or growing in pots, the following season. Begonias buing gross feeders, they should be planted on well manured soil, and during full growth, watered with manure-water as the plants may seem to need it. Dryness of the soil must be avoided in hot weather, and the plants well syringed towards the evening, H. Marknam. GliKVILLEAS FOR OuTTIMI [>UIU'OSES. We find Grevilleas very useful plants for foliage in winter and spring, remaining good for two or three weeks when used in vase bouquets. Seed should be sown at this season, and old plants re- potted. Grevillea robusta and G. filioifolia are the best species to grow, and will be found good substj- 390 THE GA BDE NEBS' CHB ONJCL E. [Mabch 29, 1890. tutes for^Ferns. Grevilleas, if they get a good start in the early spring, do much better if planted out on a well-manured south border, and never allowed to suffer for want of water. The foliage under this kind of treatment is dark green and strong, much stronger than that of pot-grown plants. Young seedlings require a little nursing the first season, and a slight bottom-heat has advantages. Thrips and red-spider are troublesome pests if the plants are grown in a cool-house, but not when planted out. Lift the plants early in the autumn, the young growths being tender and readily injured by cold, and place them in a cool pit out of the reach of the sun, and syringe them twice daily until new roots form. G. Wi/thcs. Gabdenias. Cuttings or slips, with a heel of older wood, root quickly if plunged in a brisk bottom-heat, and, with proper attention, will make nice plants to flower in February next. The plants require warmth and moisture during growth, and slight bottom-heat is of advantage at the first. Want of attention to watering is not unfrequently the cause of loss of leaf and other evils. DfiAC-ENAS. Probably the quickest way of increasing Dracaenas is to cut up a stem into pieces of 1 inch long, and put these into pots or pans, and plunge in a brisk bottom-heat, water being afforded very sparingly till growth appears to have begun. Whether pots or pans are used, they should be thoroughly clean and well drained, and the soil should be made firm. Dibble in the pieces 2 inches apart and 1 inch under the soil, and, when grown to a height of 3 inches, lift carefully and pot, and plunge in bottom heat after watering them. For table plants, the pieces are best put singly into quite small pots, which soon get filled with roots, and suffer no check by removal. Dracamas may be assisted with manure-water, and should be kept quite clear of all insects, or loss of beauty will certainly take place. H. Markham. The Tuberose. The bulbs of this plant may be potted in 3-inch pots as soon as they can be procured in February, and at intervals of a fortnight to July, and with suitable pits and houses in which to grow the plants, flowers may be procured from June to March fol- lowing. In potting them, all the bulblets at the base must be rubbed off, and well-drained pots and a light sandy loam employed; the apex of the bulb should range half an inch above the soil. Plunge the pots containing the bulbs in a Melon or Cucumber bed, or in a shallow box filled with sawdust or leaf- mould ; water them, and place the box over hot- water pipes in a forcing-house. When about 9 inches of growth have been made, shift the plants into G-incli pots, and give them a position near the glass, all side suckers being removed without delay, and the plants, when well rooted, kept well supplied with water and liquid-manure thereat, and syringed over- head morning and afternoon of bright days, to check red-spider and promote growth, until the flowers begin to open. H. W. Ward. The Bulb Garden. IRIS ROSENBACHII. This is an Iris to be remembered. It may be known as a fine and gaily coloured species, but until seen in quantity, as in the fine mass flowering in Prof. Foster's garden, it is impossible to understand what it now is, and what it promises to be. Any attempt to describe the numerous and distinct forms would probably result in failure, but it may be remarked that several of them inspire a vision of what the effect would be if they were separated and grown by themselves in quantity — something, at least, quite lively in spring gardening. Fortunately it is of easy culture and propagation, and it is likely also to repay the best efforts of the improver, though perhaps it is not yet on record that it seeds freely. Difficulty, however, on this account is not to be anticipated ; it is a plant to be required from dealers by the hundred, li. I. Lynch. Cbocds stellaris. For more than a century, I believe, the pretty, anomalous Crocus stellaris has been known in our gardens, while no one could solve the mystery of its birth. It has always been considered to be a hybrid between aureus and susianus, and this, I think, may now be taken as the fact. In a patch of ground in my garden, where aureus and susianus are grow- ing in company, and seeding freely, an evident hybrid between the two appeared this spring. It conforms botanically with the old stellaris, differing only in its greater size and beauty. A specimen has been forwarded to the Kew Herbarium, a second blossom having been left on the plant to see if it will prove fertile. The origin of Crocus sulphureus striatus still remains unknown, but is probably the same. E. Trevor Clarke, Welton Place. POTATO EXPERIMENTS. The twenty-seventh annual report of the Michigan Board of Agriculture, recently issued, gives, among much valuable information, the account of some experiments on Potatos, which may prove of interest at the present planting time of this crop. The soil in which the Potatos were grown was a sandy loam, which had been in Wheat for the two preceding years. The land was not manured immediately before the Potato crop, but had been enriched with farmyard dung freely for several years previous. The land was ploughed 7 inches deep, harrowed and marked with furrows 4 inches deep, and 3 feet apart each way. The Potatos were cut into pieces, having three or four eyes each. The cultivation was thorough during the growing season. Eighteen varieties were planted in plots of -| acre each, the following data gives the name of the variety and the produce per acre of a selected twelve : 1, Beauty of Hebron 134 bu-ihels per acre. 2, Dakota Bed (late) 129 3, Thorburn (late) 123 4, White Star (lata) lib 5, Alexander's Prolific 120 6, Chicago Market 119 7, Mammoth Pearl (late) ... 118 8, White Elephant (late) ... 112 9, Lee's Favourite 98 in, "Sarly Mayflower 98 11. Rural Blush (late) 92 12, Early Harvest 91 Nos. 9 and 12 were among the earliest; they were budded in about thirty days from time of planting. No. 1 grew the most vigorously, and seemed to withstand drought better than others. Of the medium ripening varieties, White Elephant is named as one of the best. This variety does not grow quite so smooth as some other kinds, and the tubers are not of quite so good shape, but after several years trial at this station, its merits are obvious. White Star is said to be one of the best late Potatos in the list. — Experiments on Potatos at New York. We have also been favoured with a report of some elaborate Potato experiments, conducted during the past year, at the New York Agricultural Experi- ment Station, which embraces a list of varieties. Cuttings versus whole tubers of the same weight. Sprouted versus unsprouted seed tubers. The in- fluence of treatment of the seed tuber upon the earliness of the crop. Fertilizers placed below versus above the seed tuber. The consumption of the seed tuber by the plant. The conclusions arrived at by these investigations were that ; — a. Little or nothing was gained by using cut Potatos for seed, over whole tubers of the same weight. b. Seed tubers, badly sprouted, yielded about 8.1 per cent, less than unsprouted ones, c. The earliness of the crop was not influenced by exposing the tubers to light and warmth before planting. There was a slight difference in the yield of merchantable Potatos in favour of the tubers exposed to the light. d. The yield was materially reduced by removing the seed end of the planted tubers, there being an estimated loss of 20 per cent. e. Fertilizers placed below the seed may be slightly preferable to placing it above, the gain being about five bushels per acre. f. The more rapid consumption of the seed tuber on rich than on poor soil, is probably due to a more abundant supply of moisture. J. J. Willis, Harpendcn. Foreign Correspondence. ORCHIDS AT THE UNITED STATES NURSERIES. From New York City by the Delaware and Lac- kawana Railroad, along the beautiful and picturesque Orange Valley, the pretty village of Short Hills is reached, perhaps the prettiest in New Jersey, and where are situated the " United States Nurseries " of Messrs. J. R. Pitcher & W. A. Manda. The establishment is the development of the private collection of Mr. J. R. Pitcher, and Mr. W. A. Manda was formerly superintendent of the Harvard University Botanic Gardens at Cambridge, Mass. The specialties of the firm are Orchils, and of Cypri- pediums nearly 400 species and varieties are grown. Chrysanthemums and other perennials receive a good share of attention, and it was from here that the famous Chrysanthemum Mrs. Alpheus Hardy was sent out. The Cypripedium-house contains many unique specimens now in flower, amongst the more striking of which are C. Salleri Hayeanum, a beautiful golden hybrid (C. villosum X C. insigne), the pretty C. Savageanum (C. Harrisianum X C. Spicerianum), with its pretty dorsal sepal, inheriting the tint of the former ; C. pavonianum, a dark coloured hybrid of C. venustum x C. Boxalli; C. Leeanum, and C. superbum, C. insigne Sander*, C. Godseffianum, C. (X'nanthum porphyrianum, and the lovely C. melan- opthalmum, &c. The Cattleya-house, in which some 800 plants are in flower, presents a good spectacle — the greater number of the plants are varieties of C. Triame, in- cluding the lovely variety Mrs. de Witt Smith, which has a dark petal, and a remarkably dark and broad lip. Some specimens of C. speciossima have flowers measuring 9 inches across. I also saw for the first time the delightful white D. Wardianum, and the new Ladia introduced by this firm. L. Arnoldiana, in form like L. autumnalis, but of a deeper colour, and far more pleasing ; it is named after one of America's most liberal patrons, Hicks Arnold, Esq., of New York City. Other features are a mass of Lycaste, which in- cludes some fine examples of L. Skinneri alba, with very broad petals; and a house full of Odonto- glossum crispum, with a profusion of their pleasing arching spikes. The show-house contains good examples of Phahenopsis, Angrxcttm, Epidendrum, Calanthe, &c. Our American Correspondent. The Chinese Lily. In a note on this plant at p. 207, vol. vii., inquiry is made as to what should be done with the bulbs after flowering. I find they will not flower during the succeeding year under any form of treatment, and have concluded that planting in the open ground would be the cheapest and easiest method of proving their future utility. There is but little ground for hope that they can again be made to give satisfaction under water culture, or, indeed, under any system of management, in the climate of England, or the northern parts of this country. The Chinese in the United States, as may be supposed, grow their sacred flower much more extensively than any other class of the inhabitants, and they invariably discard Mabch 29, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 391 the bulbs as useless after one year's service. Iu China, I am informed, they are retained for propa- gation. When an imported bulb has finished its growth, several smaller bulbs, it will be observed, appear in its place ; and at present only Chinese skill — combined, perhaps, with some peculiarity of the Chinese climate — can impart to these the un- usual size and floriferous character of the original. It is difficult to wring information of any kind out of a Chinaman, and when questions are put to him concerning the production of " Ileooll Sin Fah ' bulbs, he just assumes a look of more than usual cunning, and sagely shakes his head. If those celestial beings, with whom I am sometimes privi- leged to hold communion by means of divers signs and ejaculations, know anything about any process to which the bulbs may be subjected in China, they guard their secret with laudable determination. M. Barker, Botanic Garden, Cambridge, Mass, U.S.A. Plants and Their Culture. PROPAGATION OF PLANTS TO FlOWKE IN' THE Autcm.v. — The work of getting plants in readiness for the autumn should be diligently carried on, so that the plants may have acquired strength by the time of flowering. The Bouvardias are tine plants, easily grown, and not delicate, and cuttings should now be taken from those that were cut down some weeks since, and placed in an intermediate- house. They should, if practicable, be taken off with a heel, as rooting is then more easily effected ; place the cuttings round the sides of a small pot of sandy compost, and place in bottom-heat of 80°. The glass should be removed fur a quarter of an hour daily to dry the foliage. More loam and less leaf-mould should be given Bouvardias at each potting they re- ceive, and the old plants should be shifted into larger pots after the cuttings have been taken. They will be useful planted out in an intermediate-house, or they uiav be removed to a cold frame, finally hardening them off. Begonias of the fibrous-rooted species are of ser- vice early in the autumn months. At Sion only a few sorts are grown, but a large number of new forms have been sent out by Messrs. Veitch, which are great acquisitions. Adonis is a beautiful winter bloomer ; John Ileal has large flowers of a rose colour, and the plant has a good habit, making it when full grown good for vases. Among the older species that are good for autumn decoration is fuchsioides, hybrida multiflora, Digswelliana, insiguis, Knowsleyana, Ruckeri, Socotrana, and Weltoniensis. These should now be propagated, and cuttings chosen that are not attenuated, the striking of these being done in the usual manner. Keep the yonng plants when struck close to the glass, and pot off singly, finally shifting them into G inch pots. These Begonias will do well in a cold frame for the summer, that is, when they have tilled their pots at the last shift. When in heat, in their earliest stages, the points of the leading shoots should often be pinched out. Last season's plants should be cut hard back, and, when broken, repotted, and given a warm house for a few weeks ; they will produce a quantity of bloom during the summer months. A few pots of Abutilons may be grown in the manner advised for Begonias, growing them in rather small pots, and feeding liberally in the early autumn ; plunging them in the open air for part of the summer, but removing them early in the autumn. Kupa- toriums, which may now be propagated, will take up but little room during the summer, and will do well if plunged in a warm border in the open. E. Wein- mannianum, B. riparium, and K. odoratum are profuse bloomers. All of these plants take manure-water freely ; as the plants increase in size, good loam and decayed manure only should be used, as it is a difficult matter to keep the plants healthy in hot weather if a light compost be used. E. atrorubens, a species requiring more warmth than the others named, may be kept in a pit or frame in the summer. Eupatoriuui8 in summertime should be damped over- head at the close of the day, if it has been warm and bright. Libonia floribunda and L. penrhosensis, if propa- gated at this date and grown in a compost of leaf- mould, peat, and sand, in a cold frame, make bushy plants by the autumn ; an intermediate-house is best for them when first housed in the autumn ; but a cool bottom (luring the summer, and \yhen in bloom pre- vents red-spider from attacking the plants. Another useful plant is the rather neglected Linum Trigynum, which requires much the same treatment as the Libonias, and which is subject to the same trouble- some pest, red-spider. We dip our plants in tobacco- water in which is a little soft-soap, before removal to a warmer house after their summer growth is finished. G. Wythes, Si/on House, Brentford. excess, or ventilation is scanty, one or both, and which no after-treatment will modify. W, Crump, Madresfield Court. The Orchid Houses. Cattleya- house. — Oncidium splendidum, as it goes out of flower, should be kept on the dry side, until roots and growth are seen to be getting active. It is a fine winter bloomer, and the late importations of the plant seem to be of stronger constitution than the earlier ones. Cattleya Schroderre, a useful plant, comes into flower just when the majority of the C. Trianais are going over, and keeps up the show of flowers until C. Mendelii comes in. The plants are of very free growth, and Inst for some longtime in flower. Chysis bractescens, C. Limminghii, and C. Chelsonii, now pushing flower-spikes, should receive copious supplies of water. A sharp look should be kept upon plants of L;elia anceps, or the young roots may get damaged by insects, slugs, &c. The temperature msv now be allowed to rise to 65° at night, and the house be thoroughly syringed and shut up soon after 2 p.m. Intermediate-house. — Cudogyne cristata and its varieties may be repotted. I like to grow the plants in shallow pans, and when the spikes of flowers are pushing up, I hang them up to the roof with wires, and in this way they are more attractive. Old specimens, which may not have been divided for some years, and are crowded, may be carefully parted, and placed in a mixture of one part turfy loam, two parts peat, and one of sphagnum moss. Comparettia macroplecron and C. falcata, now pushing growths and roots, should not be allow, d to become dry at the roots. These Orchids do well iu suspended' baskets near the glass. Angriucum falea- tum, perhaps the prettiest ot all the miniature Angrajcums, should now be rehasketed or surfaced according to its needs, mil very little water afforded now or at any other time, the plant being liable to damp oil'. The temperature of this house may now rise to GO3 at night, ami care should be taken that as the heat rises the atmospheric moisture is well maintained. A. a. Cat!, Parkfi Fruits Under Glass. Ventilation. — Ventilation of all forcing houses will necessarily require unremitting attention and care at all times during the day. Many of the evils noticeable afterwards will be traceable to fluctuations of temperature. Growth at this early stage is usually tender, and. therefore, very liable to suffer from these changes. Bust in Grapes, dropping of the fruits in Peaches, Nectarines, and Figs, are often caused by cold draughts of air ; and on the other hand, a few minutes only of bright sunshine, without adequate ventilation, produces scorched foliage, to be followed usually by attacks of various insects. Pineries. — Fruiters — if there is a likelihood of too many fruits ripening together, some of them may be removed to a drier and cooler place, but not before they are about hall coloured. Queens and others, a stage later, may now have every encouragement to swell their pips, it being found that those fruits which have fully developed pips are more luscious in flavour than larger fruit, but which ripened pre- maturely, through having experienced a check, as, for instance, by overheating of the bed. Growth is now active, and watering must be frequently seen to; tepid liquid-manure at90J may be afforded, dewing the plants overhead daily at closing time with quite clean water, those in flower or ripening excepted. The atmosphere should be in a dry state at least once a day, or unwieldy crowns will form. The temperature in this house may reach 90°, or even 100°, at closing time, and the night temperature may fall to not less than 70°. Houses with an acute angle, facing due south, need a slight Bhade for a few hours in the brightest part of the day. Remove any gills or suckers not required for stock. Succession and Potted Suckers. — If the newly half- developed leaves are of a pale green colour, and their growth erect, it is a sign that they are lengthening too rapidly, and that bpttona-heat is in The Kitchen Garden. Tomatos for planting outside should be potted up, putting two plants in small pots, and employing a rather light soil at this potting. Give a gentle watering with a fine rose-pot, and place the plants on a shelf near the glass, shading them till they begin to root into the new soil. For the present, a temperature of 55° to 00° by night will be high enough, and the plants be slightly dewed over daily in bright weather. Where Tomato seed has not been sown, no time should be lost iu getting it in, growing on the plants quickly, or poor crops of fruit will result. Turnips. — A moderate sowing of Early Munich and Snowball should be made on a warm border. The first- named variety is remarkable for earliness, but it does not keep good for any great length of time. It will be advisable to sow again in the second week of April, as these early sowings soon run to flower. Sow the seed in drills about 18 inches apart, and cover over with burnt garden refuse ashes. Turnips should be grown on rich land, as a poor soil produces stringy, hot-tasting bulbs. To prevent loss of seeds by birds, slightly damp them with milk-and-water, and roll in powdered red-lead. Turnips which may have been left in the open should be pulled up, the tops trimmed off, but the roots left entire, and be pitted in a cool place. Those required for tops should be left undisturbed. Beet. — A small sowing may now be made, but the first week in May is soon enough for the main sow- ing. Ground that has not been recently manured is best for Beet : it should he deeply dug and well pul- verised, and five seeds dropped in at distances of from 8 to 10 inches apart, the rows being 1"> inches apart. Carrots. — If not already done, make a good sowing of early Nantes on a sheltered border ; and the main crop may be got in when the weather is suitable. Sow the long rooted kinds on deeply trenched soil, well worked, free of lump and stone, and rank manure, 1 foot from row to row. Before sowing the seed, rub it first between the hand, mix some dry sand with it, otherwise the separation of the seeds is difficult ; sow evenly and not too thickly. If mag- got be troublesome, dress heavily with soot and lime previous to sowing, and cover the lines with dry soil and wood ash< s, Basil may now be sown in heat, transplanting it when large enough to handle. Seed sown out- side in May will form a succession to this sowing. Capsicums. — Seeds should be sown in pots in heat, and pricked off when ready, putting three plants in small pots and shifting them into larger size when well rooted ; at the final potting, employing a rich loamy compost, and potting with moderate firmness. Golden Gem, Bird's eye, Prince of Wales, Long Bed, and Monstrous lied are useful varieties. Herbs. — Tan agon : plantings of this herb should be made each alternate year in a warm place, in the herb garden, and the soil in which it is planted should be in good heart. Divide the roots, and plant in patches, at 10 inches apart or less, according to size of plants. Chamomile, Pennyroyal, Fennel, Chives, the Thymes, Balm, Winter Savory, may likewise be divided and replanted. Dill, Chervil, Burnet, and Borage may be sown on prepared beds, covering the seed with fine sandy soil. Sage, Hue, Lavender, &c, may now be propagated by Blips, planting these on good soil, deeply dug, making them very firm. Thyme may be increased by seed sown in pans in a Blight heat, but when grown from divided roots the pieces should be made very firm in the earth, other- wise they will not grow well. //. Markham, Mere- worth Castle, Maidstone. Snow in the Riviera. - Mr. Hanbury writes from La Mortola. near Ventimiglia: — "The winter has been favourable, except for the fall of snow, which took place on the 2nd, covering everything to the depth of 3 inches for about twenty hours, with less damage, however, than might have been anticipated. The two preceding occasions, when 1 have seen mow here, were March 9, 188,'}, and Dec. 1, 1879, both far worse in their effects than (his time. 892 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [March 29, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Cor respondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loral events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the PAPER, and sent as early in the week as possible. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, 8,-c, are also solicited. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not e.vp-ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Sjyecimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. THURSDAY, April 3— Linnean Society. 8HOW8. TUESDAY, April 1— Haddington Hyacinth. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2 { E0^tysfD' " ****"* SALES. .,„...,,. ..,„ -, ( Lilies and Plants, at Protheroe & MONDA1, MAR.31s| Morri8. Rooms. I Roses, Greenhouse Plants, & 'i Protheroe & Morris' Rooms ("Roses, Fruit Trees, Shrubs, and m^mm.v » „ o) Border Plants, at Stevens 'Rooms. WEDNEbDAI.ArRIL 2< Lll,es, Greenhouse Plants. &c, at ( Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. /Orchids in Flower, Lilies from „,„,„„._,-. , ., I Japan, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. THURSDAY, APRIL 3-; Nlirbery stock from sample, at (. Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 41°. 6. Salad-eating, like the consump- Salads. tion of raw fruit, is a survival from those primitive ages, when cooked food was much less indulged in than in these pampered times. Both supply the craving experienced by man for a succulent food that shall still his thirst, gratify his palate, and supply the materials out of which his tissues are manufactured, although the last-named acknowledged facts were as unknown to the primitive man as the construction of his brain. We are reminded how various are the materials out of which a European salad is con- cocted by an admirable paper read by JVT. Henri de Vilmorin, of Paris, before the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday last. How varied must be the salad plants of China, India, and Persia? "We may divide mankind roughly into salad eaters and salad abstainers, the proportions of the former to the latter being in inverse ratio as we recede from the warmer parts of the earth and approach the cold north. The consumption of salads has made consider- able headway in these islands within the last quarter of the century, and like sea-bathing, which was also in its beginning fifty years ago, is the outcome of fuller knowledge of the re- quirements of a healthy system of living. We can recolleot when a salad, if we except one made with Cos Lettuce, Mint leaves, sugar and vinegar, andperhaps flavoured with young Onions, was rarely found in the house of the man of moderate means. Even now at the tables of the rich the salads are extremely monotonous, although the materials at hand are varied enough ; and the dressing is nearly always the same. " Does the lassie think I'm a coo," aptly ex- presses the attitude of a native of the northern part of our own island, when he had a plate of salad put before him one warm summer's day in a house of refreshment in a Midland town. And truly a salad to be enjoyed to the full, should be eaten in warm weather, or at least in a warm apartment, and where the warmth and dryness of the surrounding air tend to develop a certain degree of thirst. In winter the salad seems, to the ordinary man, an addition to the repast that might well be dispensed with, or is one that should be cooked first, and get its dressing according to taste afterwards. But, after all, the consumption of salads at all seasons is an acquirement, as will readily be granted by those whose lot has been cast with the salad- consumer's par excellence, the Italians, French, and the Southern Germans, and less so the Poles and North Germans. At the tables of the first three salad is eaten almost every day, especially by townsfolk, and in summer time it is as certain to appear as is the soup ; and it must frequently be confessed that it is often more palatable than that. The real salad- lover scorns " dressing," as the inhabitants of these isles understand it, and gets his due admix- ture of flavour from the ingredients themselves. The bulk of a salad may consist of Cabbage Lettuce, rarely Cos, Endive, Chicory, Cucumber, Celeriac, Beetroot, and Cauliflower, the three last-named cooked, of course ; but flavour will be cunningly added, and generally by the guest himself, with a little Chervil, an atom of Spear- mint, more liberally of Tarragon, Parsley, the young blossoms of the gay Nasturtium, "Water- cress, or some other kind of Cress. An Italian, Hungarian, and Croatian will add Garlic, but rarely Onions. Of course there is no social ostracism for the Garlic eater, as with us for the consumer of the more delicate Onion ! Garlic, with its insidious, all-pervading odour, may have its uses, medicinal or otherwise, in countries tainted with miasma, and where stomach complaints are common, but to the native of this country it is usually an abomi- nation. Apropos of the bulb, it is an interesting question, as in what form a certain large firm of pickle-makers disposes of 50 tons of it a-year ! Does the Briton consume it as sauce, or is it exported ? Out of our own country the Cos Lettuce and blanched Celery are seldom eaten raw, and yet with Radishes and Beetroot they have hitherto formed the main part of our salads. But we find instead the Cabbage Lettuce, which is botanically a fixed sport of Cos Lettuce, and to which its origin is traceable in the various forms now grown, largely used abroad. Cabbage Lettuces are now grown in all good gardens, although for marketing purposes the Cos variety still holds its own — more being grown of the latter in weight per acre, and the plant does not need so much care in packing for market, although the troublesome tying which nearly all market garden strains of it need, should tell with 'cute men against its almost exclusive cultivation near London and other large towns. No salad is either quite palatable or good for the stomach without the addition of oil, and the first step in making the salad popular will be in the acquisition of a taste for Olive oil, or its excel- lent substitute, that expressed from the seeds of the Cotton plant, and when we are assured that the major part of the sardines we eat are pre- served in the latter, it should not be so difficult of acquirement. The Lettuce in all its varieties is of the easiest culture, if only certain conditions are fulfilled. It must have a moderately deep soil, and if it incline to a loamy nature so much the better. It must be well manured with substances quickly available for plant growth, for it is a plant whose life is very short ; and if, therefore, animal manure be used, it should be in a thoroughly decayed state. On some soils not rich in humus, decayed leaf-mould grow Lettuces quickly and to a good size. It is not a good plan to dig ground for Lettuces long before it is to be planted, the moisture needed by the plant becoming soon evaporated from the surface, in warm weather at least, and watering becomes an almost daily necessity. Dig the ground, trample it well, and put out the young plants, which should have been pricked out in beds. Market men, with their rough-and-ready ways, draw direct from the seed-bed, and plant with the dibber ; but planting prepared plants with the trowel is far better, as there is then little check given to growth, the plant suffering next to nothing by its removal. Some kinds of Lettuces need a distance of 15 or more inches between the plants, but as a rule 1 foot is about a suitable distance at which to plant. Some of the small varieties, like Tennis-ball, Tom Thumb, Black-seeded ~Datch(Laitue monte a peine cert/; a grains noire), a pale green variety, small dark red, and a few others need scarcely so much space as this, unless the ground be very rich. By paying proper atten- tion to the sowing of seeds of various kinds of Lettuces, they may be obtained all the year round. The first sowing beginning with the year should be made early in February in a stove or succession Pine-pit, not in a warm frame, as the plants would be liable to damp off there, unless very carefully handled. The seed pans should be gently watered, and allowed to get dry on the surface when the seeds may be sown, and a little sandy leaf mould sifted over, just enough to hide the seeds. Water again quite lightly, and stand the pans, protected with a tile or a sheet of brown paper, anywhere until germina- tion has begun to take place, when the pans, without the loss of an hour, should be put on a shelf near the light. Shading will hardly be necessary if watering is duly attended to. There may be two sowings made in this way in February, and the plants resulting from these must be pricked off into other pans and boxes, allowing space for development. A sowing may be made in March in a frame on a bed of fer- menting leaves, and all after-sowings, at inter- vals of ten or fourteen days, may take place in the open air under a hand-glass for the first two of these, followed by several on a south border. The midsummer sowings may be made on a north border, and the early autumn and last sowings on a south border. The plants raised in the hothouses in February are intended for growing on mild hotbeds, and should be put into these before the expiration of March. A bed for forcing on Lettuces need not have a greater warmth at bottom than 75°, which will be high enough, with due attention to linings of warm manure at the sides failing hot-water pipes for top heat. The night temperature of such frames should range between 55° and 60", with some small amount of ventilation, and ventila- Maech 29, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 393 tion should be freely afforded by day in fine weather. Matting up the frame must be well done in the event of severe weather occurring, and straw or bracken may even be needed at either from the seed-beds or sow thinly in lines, and leave a crop of plants by thinning out all the superfluous ones. In hot weather there is some- thing to be said in favour of sowing and thinning out, but watering must be carefully attended to, the surface, as would otherwise be the case. Lettuces sown and thinned out are the better for being moulded up slightly when half-grown, that is, up to the lower tier of leaves ; they are thus kept from wind-rocking, and the additional V^ Fig, .r>*.— citrus japomca. A, section or fbuit; B, flower from which the petals and stamens have been removed, to snow the ovarv, SUEKOUNDED AT THE BASE BY A CUSHION-LIKE DISC. (SEE P. 383.) such times, remembering that any check to growth is injurious. Stirring the surface soil round the plants at frequent intervals is of great help to Lettuce growing, and must not be omitted either in frames or the open ground. Sonic good kitchen gardeners do not prick out their later sowings of Lettuce, but they draw and the thinning done before the plants have had time to spoil by being crowded together. In planting out summer Lettuces, the plan of draw- ing a drill 'A inches deep is a good one, as it puts the roots at once into a moist medium, shelters them somewhat from the sun's rays, and the water afforded the plants is not spread over soil drawn over the roots preserves the moisture about the latter. In Northern Franoe and Belgium, the cloche, or bell-glass, is largely in use for forwarding and protecting Lettuces, but whether it be due to their expense, or the impossibility of repairing them when broken, or because our gardeners do 394 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 20, 1890. not understand their uses, these capital aids in growing early Lettuces, Cauliflowers, Rhubarb, Peas, &c, are not much in vogue with us. We believe the secret of management is, where Lettuoe is concerned, to give little or no air in late winter and spring, ventilation in- ducing toughness in the leaf of the plant, and the cold winds check its growth. The different varieties of Lettuce form the bulk of our salads, but adjuncts besides those already named are found in the leaves of the following— "Whitloof, a superior kind of the common or Bitter Chicory ; Endive, plain, curled, and moss-curled ; Dande- lion, the common form ; Salsify, Scorzonera, Skirret, Rampion, Cress of all kinds, the tip of Asparagus shoots, Borage flowers, Tomatos, Red Cabbage, Stachys, Chives, Capsicums, Onions in a small state, and hard-fleshed close cooked Potatos — used cold. To give directions about growing these various plants would unduly lengthen this glance at the salad question, but we will just give a few of Mr. dk Vilmobin's remarks on Dandelion culture as practised in Belgium, its head-quarters, and about the outskirts of Paris. The ground for the plant should be deeply dug after being well dressed with decayed manure. When the ground is dry on the surface, say in March, it should be very firmly and evenly trodden, and made level. Drills should then be drawn as for carrots at 18 inches apart, and the seed dropped therein in bunches of five or six, at the same distance apart in the drills, for the plant being of spreading habit requires considerable space in which to develop. Thinning out the bunches of plants must be done by hand before they get large, and these thinnings will do to fill up gaps in the rows if the tip of the root be not lost. Summer culture consists of keeping the ground clean. In late October the leaves may be cut off 2 inches above the crown, and earth drawn over them as in moulding up the Potato. Here the plants are safe for the winter, and may be dug up entire and forced after the manner of Chicory, that is in a dark place with a warmth of 00°, or the plants may have pots put over them, and over all warm manure, to give the required impetus to growth. In cutting the crop, as also that of Chicory, which gets similar culture, a slice of the root is taken, not for eating, but as tending to keep the leaves fresh for a longer time than could otherwise be done. The price fetched by blanched Dandelion leaves ranges from 8s. to 20s. per cwt. M. de Vilmorin's lecture was well attended, well delivered in irreproachable English, and contained details concerning some salad plants little used in this country, to our great and unnecessary loss. For the full text of this im- portant communication we must await the publication of the Journal of the Society. As gardeners will be eager to know what so high an authority had to say on a subject so interesting to them, it is to be hoped that no long delay will ensue before it is issued. Flower Shows for April. — The following list includes all the fixtures of which we have received information: On the 1st, Haddington Hyacinth Society; on Wednesday, 2nd, Heading and Royal Caledonian Society, 2-day spring show at Edinburgh opens ; on Tuesday, 8th, the Royal Horticultural Society meets at Westminster ; and on the following Tuesday (the 15th), the 4-days Daffodil Conference and Show opens at Chiswick ; a 2-day show opens at Newcastle-on-Tyne on Wednesday, the 16th ; on Thursday, 17th, there is a show o£ the Royal Horti- cultural Society of Ireland at Dublin ; the Royal Horticultural Society meets at Westminster on the 22nd, when the exhibition of the National Auricula Society will be held in conjunction. On Wednes- day, 23rd, Royal Botanic Society's second spring ptaow; and on the 20th, the second spring show of the Manchester Royal Botanic Society, and the Royal Aquarium Co.'s second show (2 days), opens. Protection for Plants.— There is an idea afloat that the " Association pour la Protection des Plantes," has induced the Swiss Government to order the destruction of plants sent through the post. This is an absurdity, of course, but is probably founded on the equally absurd Phylloxera regula- tions which effect a minimum of good at a maxi- mum of expense and inconvenience. All that we can say is, that on the day of writing we have received two packets of living plants by post, one from Switzerland, and one from Italy. We have received an official denial of the statement referred to, which we shall publish next week, being pre- cluded from doing so now by the great pressure on our space. The British Fruit Growers' Association. — Mr. L. Castle, Honorary Secretary of the above, informs us that a meeting was held in the Town Hall, Ellesmere, Salop, on Saturday. March 22, at 7 p.m., by members of the above Association, in con- junction with the local Society. Beownlow R. O. Tower, Esq., occupied the chair, and Mr. J. Wright's lecture upon " Profitable Emit Growing" much inte- rested a large audience. Several other members took part in the discussion which followed, and the meeting was highly satisfactory. The Daffodil Exhibition and Confer- ence AT Chiswick.— The following schedule has been issued. Eor the better examination and com- parison of the flowers, it is particularly requested that exhibitors will divide their collections into the fol- lowing classes:—!, Corbularia ; 2, Ajax (yellows only) ; 3, Ajax (bicolors only) ; 4, Ajax (white or pale sulphur, e.g., albicans, cernuus, Moscbatus pal- lidus Pracox, tortuosus, &c.) ; 5, Incomparabilis, Barri, and Leedsi ; 0, Humei, Backhousei, Nelsoni, montanus, Macleai, Sabini, Bernardi, and tridy- mus ; 7, triandrus ; 8, Burbidgei, poeticus, odorus, juncifulius, and jonquilla; 9, gracilis, intermedins, Polyanthus, and double Polyanthus ; 10, double and semi-double Daffodils of all kinds («. I x ulaoeUaneotu articles (including Clover, Grass. Flax, Rape, I. in 1,151,674 —18,760 By the way, one is apt to wonder how it pays to invest in sugars. Things have altered — for the con- sumer— very much within the last few months ; our grocers are selling sugars at from 1|. Catchpool, Esq. 0 10 0 W. H. Myers, Esq. ... 2 ■1 II Mr. G. Bunvard 0 10 0 Rev. G. J. Thomas ... •A II i. Mr. A. F. Barron 0 10 0 Mr- Mirsland 1 1 II Mr. J. B. Peteh 0 10 0 A. E. Phillips Esq.... 1 1 II Mr. G.Trinder 0 10 0 lop, Esq. ... 1 1 II Mr. A. H. Thome ... 0 10 0 S B. Stevens, Esq. ... 1 1 II Mr. A. M. Wade ... 0 10 0 Miss D. Tate 1 1 II Mr. J. Willard 0 10 0 Mr. D. T. Fish 1 1 II Mr. i' S. Fuidge ... 0 10 Ii Martin Hope Sutton. I rom Hi.' following Esq 1 1 II Members of the Alfred Sutton, Esq., Reading Gardeners' J.P 1 1 1) association : — Messrs. Cowslade .Mr. &. Stanton 1 II 0 } Mercury) 1 1 0 Mr. W. Lees II 111 11 Messrs. Rivers Sc Mr. K. Fenn 0 10 0 Milliliter (.Reading Mr. .1. Tegg II 111 II Obsereer) 1 1 1) Mr. W. Badcock 0 10 0 Mr and Mrs. W. Mr. .1. 1'. Jones 0 10 0 Bailey 1 II II and hi amounta under Mr. W. H. Lees II 1. His 0 7 0 Mr. E. Molyneux ... 1 Mr. T. D. Myles 1 II II M ikingo total of £:il ;> 6 up to date. Further subscriptions are still required, as the requisite sum has not yet been obtained. Rose Show Fixtures, i89o.— Mr. Mawley kindly forwards the subjoined list of dates: — June 24th, Drill Hall, Westminster (N.K.S.) ; 27th, Koyal Aquarium ; 28th, Eltham, Keigate. — July 1st, Canterbury, Hereford, Sutton ; 2nd, Croydon, Dursley, Hitchin; 3rd, Bath, Farningham, Norwich; 5th, Crystal Palace (N.K.S.) ; 8th, Gloucester, Ipswich, Winchester ; !)th, Diss, Ealing, Tunbridge Wells; 10th, Birkenhead, Worksop ; 17th, Birming- ham (N.K.S.), Helensburgh; 22nd, Tibshelf. The only Kose show which extends over more than one day is that at Winchester, which will be held on July 8 and 9. PLANT PORTRAITS. Aerides IIooi.i.eti, Orchidophilc, January. Allium cyaneu.m, Gartenflora, Marcli 1. — Leaves filiform, flowers umbellate, blue. Alliom Kansuense, Gairtenflora, March 1, t. 1317. — Leaves linear-lanceolate, flowers umbellate, hi no. Begonias, single-flowered varieties, Illustration . t. 97. — 1, Hemisphere, scarlet ; 2, Linnanis, rose ; 3, Jussien, rose ; 4, Attila, rose — one of thp largest known ; 5, Pactolus, orange. All raised by Crousse, of Nancy. Begonias, double-flowered varieties. — 1, Jeanne Majurel, purplish-red ; 2, La France, rose ; 3, Dr. Feltz, deep red ; 4, Mrs. French, white ; 5, Notary Dubled, cherry-red ; 0, Miss White, pale rose, tinted with nankeen. All raised by M. Crousse, of Nancy, and figured in Illustration Horticole, t. 98. BlLLBBRQIA Saunoersi, Gartenflora, t. 1316. — Leaves mottled, serrate ; panicles loose, with long crimson bracts and blue-tipped petals. Calantiik Vein nil X , Lindenia, t. 217. Carnation- (Madame Arthur Warocque), Illus- tration Horticole, t. 95.— A dwarf deep red form of the Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnation. Cobukoia tricheo.ma, Iievue Horticole, 1S90, p. 108. Coffea libeeica, licvue Horticole, p. 104. Coreopsis tinctoeia, Garden, t. 202. Croton varieoatus, var. Marquis de Guadiauo, Illustration Horticole, t. '.Hi. Lycaste costata, Lindenia, t. 221 1. Masdevallia ignea, Lindenia, t. 219. Kobe (Tea), Dr, Grill, Garden, January p3. 396 THE GABDE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [March 29, 1890. Home Correspondence. IRIS SINDJARENSI3— Mr. Dewar is unfortunate, perhaps, in having a poor form of this plant, for he says (Gardeners' Chronicle, March 22, p. 3G4), " although not deserving a very high place as a garden plant, it may be called passable." Now the opinion I formed of this plant in Professor Poster's garden was a much higher one; I thought it one of the prettiest and most charming of the newer Irises, but evidently, from the figure given in the Gardeners' Chronicle (fig. 55), there is a decided difference between the two plants. The plant I saw would be described, I think, as somewhat stately in habit, as bearing decidedly handsome foliage, and as bearing flowers of good form, charmingly coloured. The flower illustrated in the Gardeners' Chronicle appears thin and poor in comparison. Mr. Dewar does not give dimensions, but the flower of Professor Poster's plant was 3 inches across, with falls 1 inch wide in front of the stigmas. These falls struck me as remarkable in the sudden and considerable widen- ing above the claw, and here is a striking contrast with the figure, for these widened bases of the blade not only gathered up on each side of the styles, but imbricated with one another, leaving below, and above each one of the spreading standards, a well- formed window-like opening, pointed at the top and bottom. Further, it may be said of form that the falls were rounded at the apex, and not pointed, as in the figure. The recurving portion of the fall was decidedly ample, the standards were spreading horizontally, and in shape more nearly obovate, and less spathulate than is shown of the Kew plant. The coloration of the flower was by no means the least attractive feature. The standards, I believe, were of uniform deep blue, but looking down on the flower it seemed to be deep blue in the centre, imperceptibly shading off to the circumference in the almost pure white of the re- curving portion of the falls, there with just enough, perhaps, of blue to make the white still whiter. The plant is described as being half a foot in height, but this one was of twice that stature. L. My friend, Mr. Dewar, must not prematurely disparage this Iris. The plants collected by Mr. Max Leichtlin vary not only in the size, but to some extent in the colour, and, indeed, if fig. 65 is correctly drawn, in the form of the flowers. I have now in a bed, but under glass, a plant in bloom with very fine large flowers, which, though not gaudy, are very pleasing to the eye, the pale yellow of the blade of the fall harmonising agreeably with the delicate blue of the rest of the flower. The delicate perfume of the flowers, not far removed from that of Vanilla, is in itself an acquisition. The plant probably will never be very popular, but will be welcomed by those who appreciate an early spring flower of unpre- tending beauty. I have as yet no plants fully exposed in the open, but I believe the species will prove hardy, though the luxuriant lax foliage will run the risk of being damaged by wind and snow. It must be remembered that the plant will probably in the future not flower so early as it has done this year. Its neatest ally is I. fumosa, which flowers earlier, and which, in my hands, has unfortunately succumbed to the English, or, at least, Shelford climate. I. orchioides and I. caucasica are not far removed, but I. palestina and I. Stocksii seem to me a considerable way off. M. Foster, Shelford, Man/, 22. SPIR-^AS FOR FORCING.— Those who require a large quantity of cut flowers should obtain the new Spiraea astilboides sent out by Mr. Bull. It is a useful decorative plant when well grown, and, as is often the case with Japanese plants, it lasts a long time in bloom, if not forced too hard. Many of the Spirasas force well if given plenty of time, and are line plants for large houses or the cool conservatory. They seem to do best if placed in a fruit-house just started, and if brought on slowly there, they will last for many weeks. Spiraeas require consider- able quantities of water when the plants have filled their pots with roots, and are growing vigorously. It is a good plan to stand the pots in shallow pans when coming into flower, as they then last longer. S. astilboides is a graceful plant, and will in time become plentiful, as it follows in point of date the older S. japonica. Plenty of liquid-manure is re- quired when in active growth— say at each alternate watering. Another useful Spiram for later forcing is palmata, a now well-known species, and one that forces well if not given too much heat. The flowers are of a much higher colour, if forcing is gradual. I have grown this species for some time to succeed S. japonica, and find that it is very effective if grown well. S. japonica aureo-reticulata is a dwarf variety, useful for pot culture, and for using in the front rows of plants on stages or for small beds. It is the more useful where only small pots may be employed, as it does not make much growth. It should be treated like the others after flowering is over ; that is, dividing the roots, and planting the pieces out-of- doors in a good compost in a warm border. If a year's rest in the border can be given the plants, they are greatly benefited thereby. S. confusa is another nice plant of stronger growing than any of the above. It is as easily forced as they, and is equally good for cut blooms. The plants require a light and airy place when in bloom with abundance of moisture at the roots. S. Thunbergii should also get a place in this collection of useful Spiraeas, as it forces freely, and for large houses it is very effective. It is not so much grown as the others, but as it becomes better known, it will, I believe, be a favourite plant. Treatment like the rest. G. Wi/thes, Syon House. DAFFODIL SIR WATKIN.— Mr. Wolley Dod gives an interesting history of the early days of this Daffodil (p. 355) ; but it seems to me so utterly im- probable, that I hesitate to accept it as being founded on fact. John Bright used to say that early Roman history was a tissue of fables, which the wise had agreed upon to believe. Let us be careful, therefore, how we make history in our own time. Here we are told that, so far back as the first decade of the present century — 1800-1810 — a mining Captain Byers, brought the Sir Watkin bulbs from Bideford, in Devon, to Merionethshire, and we may gather from this that it was a well-known flower in Devonshire at that early date — eighty years ago ! What were the Veitchs of Exeter and the Kelways of Langport about not to find out so great a treasure earlier, whilst it it was thus growing almost at their doors 'i Next it appears that Capt. Byers died at Dolgelly about 1815, and that there were then plenty of these Daffodils in cottage gardens, near Dinas Mawddy. We may infer that this information has been gleaned from rustic sources, in 1889, forty years after the decease of Byers, and eighty years after the exit of the plant from Devonshire. I think we must, for the present, treat this as one of John Bright's fables, based on Westmen's gossip. Perhaps some of your Devonshire readers will make enquiries about Bideford and endeavour to learn if Captain Byers was a reality or a myth, and if Sir Wat- kin blooms unknown in any old world gar- den thereabouts. It is, however, true enough that the Sir Watkin Daffodil is a very old stager, and the wonder is that it remained so long unknown to the bulb merchants. Mr. Pickstone deserves the credit of its practical discovery, although he cannot claim to be its raiser. But for him it would probably have still been unknown to the Daffodil Conference. The history of its introduction to commerce by Mr. Pickstone, taken down mainly from his own recital, is to be found in Gardeners' Chronicle, April 26, 1884, p. 553, &c. The flower was figured in the same number, from a sketch supplied by Mr. Wolley Dod, and the plate there given may be compared with the illustration in Hale's Eden, pi. 41, to be referred to hereafter. Mr. Wolley Dod now gives us the history of the purchase of the bulb stocks by Messrs. Dickson, which brings the commercial history down to the present time, although the narrative does not com- mence at the very beginning. After Mr. Pickstone had made his large sale to Messrs. Dickson, it transpired that there were a great many bulbs in other gardens. Several communications reached me, and I sent a note to the Garden, October 25, 1884, pointing out that Sir Watkin was far older than Mr. Pickstone's finding of fifteen years ago, and that the bulbs were far more plentiful now than anyone knew at the time of Messrs. Dickson's purchase. That the very high price at which the bulbs were selling had stimulated enquiries, and that many thousands of bulbs would be forthcoming, believed to be the same Daffodil, from the mountain districts of Wales. This, it will now be noted, Messrs. Dickson afterwards found to be the case. I then went on to say, " I am told that this Daffodil has been known in Wales for forty years, as the Giant or Mountain Daffodil. But the evidence goes further back than this. In Hale's Eden, 1st edition, 1757, and also in Hill's Eden, 1773, this large form of N. inconipara- bilis is figured, plate 41. The diameter of the flower is 4 inches, and the height stated to be 3 feet. It is described (p. 481 ) in both volumes as follows: — "The Nonpareil Daffodil: It was early distinguished by writers on plants, and obtained from its great size and fine colouring very honourable names — the Incomparable, the Non- pareil, and the Excellent Daffodil. The Latin authors have called it N. maximus, and Omnium maximus, and C. Bauhine, N. latifolius pallidus calyce amplo, the broad-leaved pale Daffodil with a great cup. The cup and petals are proportioned to one another, both very large. The colour in both is yellow, but the petals have the tinct pale, and the cup is deeper." If anyone will compare Mr. Wolley Dod's figure with that in Hale's Eden, the likeness will at once be evident. I have shown them side by side to many of our best florists, who have visited Brockhurst at Daffodil time, and with the actual flowers of Sir Watkin for comparison, and there can be no doubt about it. We have sundry Welsh forms of this Daffodil growing here, nearly as large as Sir Watkin and exactly similar, and these are from other districts, so it is evident that the plant was widely distributed in Wales. I have never heard of it in Devonshire. Wm. Brockbank, Brock- hurst, Didsbury, March 24, 1890. NATIONAL CHRYSANTHEMUM SOCIETY. — May I invite the co-operation of Chrysanthemum growers throughout the length and breadth of the land in the effort that is now being made by the Special Committee of the National Chrysanthemum Society, viz., Mr. Lewis Castle, Hotham House, Merton, Surrey ; Mr. George Gordon, 1, Stile Villas, Welles- ley Road, Gunnersbury ; and Mr. C. Harman Payne (lion. Sec), 00, Thorne Road, London, S.W. ; in the preparation of an entirely new edition of the Cata- logue issued by that Society. The Society has good reason for being satisfied with its last Catalogue- that of 188S — both in regard to its acknowledged advantages of classification and general information, and also the sale of the same, which has consider- ably more than balanced the cost incurred ; but it desires that the new edition should be even more complete, several fresh features being added. To this end I venture to ask for space for this note, in the hope that many who are interested in the work of the National Chrysanthemum Society will lend us their assistance, by offering suggestions, and specially by affording any information as to synonyms of varieties, and by pointing out errors either of omis- sion or commission in the previous editions. Such information will be welcomed by either of the gentle- men forming the committee, or by W. Holmes, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, London. EARLINESS OF ASPARAGUS.— In raking down my Asparagus beds, a day or two since, it was found that the mild season had started the plants into growth, and on the sides of the beds several heads were noticed that stood l.| inches out of the soil. This forwardness of growth renders care necessary in raking the soil down into the alleys. W. L., Bath. A NICE POINT. — On the occasion of the recent annual meeting of the National Chrysanthemum Society, exception was taken to one of the auditors acting in that capacity, on the ground that at the meeting of the General Committee in December he had been appointed a member of the latter body, the rules distinctly stating that the accounts are to be audited by two persons not being members of the committee ; and the accounts, therefore, had been audited by a member of the committee. It was argued on the other side — first, that the gentleman in question was not a bond fidc*membn of the com- mittee until the minutes recording his election had been confirmed at the following meeting of the committee, the accounts having been audited in the meantime ; secondly, that the audit had taken place before the auditor elected to the committee in December had taken his seat ; thirdly, that the appointment of auditors rested solely with the annual general meeting. Great exception was taken to the chairman's ruling as to the necessary confirmation of the election of the auditor to the committee. The matter in dispute led to the examination of precedents, and it has transpired there is an Act of Parliament in exist- ence bearing upon this point. This Act recites, firstly, that minutes should be confirmed as to their accuracy of entry ; secondly, that they should be confirmed and adopted as to their desirability and legality; thirdly, that no business is valid until the adoption and confirmation of business done at pre- vious meeting at a succeding one. In the face of this, it appears obvious that the chairman of the annual meeting was correct as to his ruling, and 1890.1 TEE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 397 that the auditor elected on the committee had not had his election consummated at the time he audited the accounts, the minutes of the committee setting forth his election not having been con- firmed in the manner required by the Act of Par- liament. This narration appears to indicate a matter of some importance, and I hope you will give it a place in your columns. E. B. CAMELLIAS AT CHISWICK HOUSE.— Here at the residence of the Marquis of Bute, in a structure 300 feet in length, is, at the present time, a fine display of flower — in old-fashioned varieties — of this beautiful decorative shrub, huge bushes that tower upwards, and will soon require cutting down, or increased height of roof to the house. Monarch is very conspicuous with its large vivid scarlet flowers and fine foliage. Lady Grafton, rich red flowers of great substance ; Mr. May, the gardener here, highly recommends this variety as a good traveller. Chandleri-elegans is a fine light rose flower. Of the old alba-plena, there are several good trees — the collection is indeed rich in fine whites. A most curious flower is franco-frutens ( Waratah ?), blossoms deep red, the petals in the centre being tightly rolled together, giving the flower quite a distinctive ap- pearance. Amongst other good sorts noted in flower were atro-rubens, picturata, Lombardii, fimbriata, imbricata, Anemone flora elegans, and Woodsii, the last named is a very early red flowering variety. B. THORPE PERROW. — The well-known gardens of Sir F. Millbank, at Thorpe Perrow, possess at the present time great attractions in spring bedding, the beds being bright with Crocus and Scilla, the latter as an edgiDg plant in general use. They will shortly be ablaze with Tulips, Hyacinths, Polyanthus, and other plants, giving promise of as fine a display as that of last year. A walk round the garden shows many fine Conifers, which have been planted bj Mr. Culvenvell, the gardener, for thirty or forty years. A notable specimen is Pieea nobilis, given to him by the late Dr. Lindley when it was in a small pot. The fruit trees are in a healthy state, their flower buds prominent for the season, and if the spring will be a genial one, Peaches will flower freely. At Thorpe, a young gardener finds much to admire and interest, and a longer stay than was possible on this occasion would have been to my advantage. -•/. 5 THE CLEMATIS.- Mr. Jackman has done well to call attention to the Clematis, and its great useful- ness. It seems to me that it is a subject that does not receive so much attention as it really deserves. I am particularly anxious to mil attention to the group of patens, or early-flowering Clematises, They are numerous, and generally very free, and varied in beauty ; but the great difficulty besetting this group is to make gardeners understand the essential differ- ence between the pruning required for the spring flowering and the summer-blooming types. Not long since I was in a garden where some varieties of Clematises — the spring and summer bloomers being among them — are grown, and 1 found the gardener had cut them all back, patens and .lackmanii types, with the result that all the bloom from the latter is lost for the season. lie frankly stated that he did not know any ditl'erence between them, and therefore he treated them alike ; and yet it is not difficult to discriminate between the two, for the spring bloomers are mostly of less robust growth, and in early spring form plump buds where they will blossom, and these are plentifully found on ripened wood of well managed and established plants. The summer blooming varieties, when they start into growth in early spring, put forth shoots at the points of the old wood, which soon elongate, and at that stage there is no sign of flower buds. Thus, there are two main differences which are soon recognised and understood by those who have a collection of spring and summer blooming varieties under their care. I venture to add two others to the selection of patens varieties given by Mr. Jackman, viz., Duke of Edinburgh and Mrs. 8. C. Baker. And I am pleased to see him giving a prominent place to a very old favourite of mine in this group. I mean Miss Bateman, white, a variety remarkably free to flower, with stout and well- formed blossoms. Too much cannot be said in praise of C. montana ; if any one would see this species in all its beauty in the month of May, they should make a journey to the village of Sunning, near Reading. It can be seen there on many a house, blooming gloriously. The plant appears to have quite taken root in the place, iiu.il u< have become a general favourite. Close by the river bank is a well known boating and fishing hostelry, and a very large specimen of C. montana covers a good portion of the walls, a good deal of the plant being under a glass verandah. Here the plant blossoms with remarkable luxuriance, and it is worthy a journey of miles to see it. It appears to do well in this place in almost any position, but a sunny one appears to be that best adapted to bring out the chaste beauty of this valuable and effective species. R. D. ■ }] LI klFORMKD OB i .. i .-i i • 8ETTINQ THE BLOSSOMS OF PEACHES AND NECTARINES.— In his note, p. 334, Mr. Sheppard appears to condemn the practice of tickling the blooms of Peaches and Nectarines with rabbits' tails as being unnecessary, he finding that a good set may always be procured without this tedious performance. I agree with Mr. Sheppard, providing there is much more bloom than is required for a good crop. But what about such shy-bearing varieties as Waterloo, Stump the World, and Noblesse Peaches? — the latter, one that is very prone to drop its buds. Would Mr. Sheppard condemn the tickling of their flowers ? if so I fear the crop would sometimes be a very scanty one. 1 have never failed to secure an ubundant set of these fruits, but I am always delighted to see the bees about the trees, carrying as they do the pollen from flower to flower ; but when there are no bees about in the blooming time. I take the precaution of distiibuting the pollen by some other means. I *^ca I I'.. 6 I. MAI.Ki'KMI n CENTROPOQON LUCYANUS.— Asa winter flower- ing, showy plant, of easy cultivation, Centropogon Eucyanus should not fail where winter flowers are in request. The first blooms are terminal, but when these are removed, bloom issues from every lateral shoot, and affords a long succession. The milky juice of the plant may be got rid of in cut blooms for the coat, by cutting them a short time before they are wanted, and laying them in a pan of water. To propagate this plant, young shoots taken from the stems, about .'i inches long, and with a heel, strike readily in brisk heat, under a bell-glass, or in a propagating- box, or hand-light. Pot off when struck, and keep them close and moist for a short time, afterwards placing them on a shelf near the glass, with a temperature of from 60° to 70, and in this position they may remain till June ; but after that period a pit or frame will meet their requirements, provided the lights are closed early in the afternoon, the plants freely syringed to keep the leaves healthy. Early in the autumn the plants should be placed in the stove in a light situation, and occasionally weak liquid manure may be substi- tuted for clean water in watering them. The soil most suitable to grow Centropogon Lucyanus are loam and peat of equal parts, with enough sand to keep it open. Old plants may be cut back, and when they break shaken out and repotted. These old plants make fine specimens, fresh growth issuing freely from the crowns. ./. iS". THE FLOWERING ASH.— We have glowing here a similar specimen of this rare tree to the one mentioned by Mr. Webster in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle, and when in flower it merits the praise given to it. I have for years tried to obtain seed from it, but have failed to do so. The tree appears to be grafted about 2 feet above ground. H. Lindsey, Huntroydc Park. WINTER FLOWERING PLANTS AT COLWYN BAY. — Among shrubs which have shown an unex- pected power of adapting themselves to a different climate, may certainly be mentioned Cytisus race- mosus. Some four or five years ago, I planted out two or three plants here as "an experiment. These have grown into bushes about 8 feet high and 10 feet in diameter, and have been flowering continu- ously and abundantly since November. A bush in front of my window as I write is now a mass of golden-yellow and deliciously fragrant blossoms. The spikes of (lowers are much longer than on pot plants, and do not seem to be in the least injured by a temperature of 2(>° in a Stevenson case, which is the lowest registered this year. I am strongly in- clined to think that this shrub is much hardier than is commonly supposed, and as it is, in my opinion, unquestionably the most valuable flowering shrub we possess, from its free, long- lasting, and (in mild seasons) winter blooming habit, it is certainly worth a trial in every tolerably warm garden with a stony soil. The following list of shrubs and plants which were in flower here in January last may interest your readers, as showing the extreme mildness of this climate. I may mention that all the shrubs have been planted for some years. Among the trees which were not in bloom there are five species of Eucalyptus, three of which — viz., E. globulus, E, viminalis, and E. coriacea — are 23 feet high. The scarlet Ilabrothamnus, on a S.E. wall, has survived the last two winters unprotected : Shrubs. — Roses, tea and hybrid perpetual, Veronica imperialis, V. parviflora, V. elliptica, V. blue gem, Desfontainea spinosa, Fuchsia niicrophylla, Lonicera fragrantis- sima, Berberis japonica, B. Darwinii, Pittosporum Tobira ; Viburnum tinus (Laurustinus), Arbutus photinifolia, A. unedo, Escallonia maciantha and other species, Choisya ternata, Grevillea rosmarini- folia, Cistus monpelieneis. Plants. — Doronicuin plautagineum, Potentilla albida, P. Hopwoodiana, Schizostylis coccinea, Aubrietia Eyrei, Cheiran- thus mutabilis, Erigeron muoronatuni, Iberis gibral- tarica hybrida, I. sempervirens, Erodium hymenodes, Chrysanthemum indicum vars., C. coronaria vars., Vinca, major and minor ; Campanula muralis, Dianthus Seguieri, var. collinus ; Helleborus nlger, II. colchicus. Also abundance of Stocks, Wall- flowers, Violets, Primroses (double and single), Snowdrops, Mignonette, zonale Pelargoniums, &c. Alfred O. Walker, Nanl-y-Glyn, Colunjn Bay, January 12. LILIES IN TUBS. — It is interesting as showing the way in which able gardeners can differ who are situated in diverse districts and operating in diverse soils, that Mr. Elwes on the one hand, Mr. Ingram on the other, should hold such diverse opinions respecting the merits of planting roots in tubs in the garden borders as advised by Mr. Wilson. That gentleman, whose remarkable success at Wisley in what he undertakes shows that his experiments have undoubted merit in them, evidently regards the roots of trees and shrubs in the flower borders as cormorants, only too ready and certain, if not pre- vented, of eating up the sustenance of everything else. I will venture to say, that if the soil imme- diately round those Lily tubs at Wisley could be examined, it would be found that almost a wall of greedy hungry fibre had been formed eagerly anxious to prey upon the soil within, which for the time, at 398 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 29, 1890. least, the tabs so effectually safeguard. Practically the tub system is but another method of sinking or plunging plants into the borders in pots. A more kindly view of the action of predatory shrub roots than Mr. Elwes exhibits can hardly be conceived ; it is so kind of them to rush in and carry off the superfluous moisture in hot weather, and the exces- sive nutriment from soil already too liberally exhausted. Of course, there are roots and roots, for some are madly hungering after all possible nutri- ment, and run all over the borders like lions seek- ing for prey ; others never get far from home, and are content with a limited radius. Mr. Elwes pro- bably thinks of t.iie latter ; Mr. Wilson of the former. Both are doubtless right in a certain sense, but, on the whole, the latter shows the most prac- tical wisdom in determining to keep all marauding roots at bay. A. I). Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. The last meeting of the above Society, held in the Drill Hall of the Loudon Scottish Volunteers, James Street, Westminster, on the 25th inst., brought a lartre number of trade exhibits, consisting of Cliveas, Narcissi, pot Roses, forced Lilac, and Cineraries, together with an interesting collection of Orchids from private growers and nurserymen. Visitors arrived in considerable numbers towards three o'clock, at which hour M. de Vilmorin com- menced the reading of his capital paper on Salads. Floral Committee. Present: H. Marshall, Esq., in the chair, and Messrs. E. Dean, A. Truffaut, G. Paul, H. Herbst, B. Wynne, T, Baines, C. T. Druerv, Ch. Jeffries, .1. Walker, P. Ross, H. Turner, W. C. Leach, R. B. Lowe, H. H. D'Ombrain, J. Eraser, H. Cannell, W, Holmes, and L. Castle. An extensive collection of plants was staged by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. A number of finely grown Cliveaswere included, a specimen of Ambroise Verschaffelt being very noticeable on account of its large number of flowers as welf as the size and depth of colouring of the individual blooms. Martha Reimers was also well shown Forced Lilac, the varieties being Charles X., alba marginata, and Persian were represented by well-flowered specimens, and of the Gueldres Rose there were also several forced plants in pots. There was, moreover, a col- lection of about one hundred Hyacinths of fair quality, the varieties including such well known favourites as King of the Blues, Lord Derby, Mar- chioness of Lome, Roi des Beiges, Luna, Mimosa, and Von Schiller. Half-a-dozen pots of Lily of the Valley, very evenly and nicely flowered, several of Boronia megastigma, and one plant of Epiphyllum Russellianum Gaertneri, with a profusion of rich red flowers completed this large collection, which filled one side of the centre table. From Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, N., came a group of pot Roses, very well grown, and having a nice lot of flowers. There were, among others, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, which is one of the best of recent introductions, and, as shown, superior to The Puritan and The Bride, which were also exhibited; Caroline d'Arden, a fine bright flower; Marquise de Castellane, alba rosea, Comte de Paris, Baron W. de Rothschild; and of smaller- flowered sorts, Mignonette, Clothilde Soupert, and the single Grandiflora. A few interesting alpines were contributed from the Royal Gardens, Kew, which included Saxifraga oppositifolia, S. splendens, S. Boydii, S. aretioides precox, Primula denticulatn, P. d. alba, P. Fortunei, P. [albescens alba, and a few others. There were also specimens of Hyacinthus ciliatus, with dud (lowers of brown ; Sisyrinchum grandiSorum, and a finely flowered Haunanthus multiflorus, with bright scarlet flowers. Messrs. Wrn. Cutbush & Son, Highgate, N., sent a collection of various Epacris, Lady Panmure, pure white ; Arilmoreana, rose-pink ; and Rubella, rose, showing up well. They also had specimens of Boronia heterophylla. A box of Carnations was sent by Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nurseries, Slough, in which was a handsome flower of a very line dark crimson, variety named Lord Rothschild. A striking flower too was seen in novelty state with carmine flakes, and is by no means unattractive. Primroses in a variety of colour where shown by Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, W., who also had Bedfont Yellow Wallflower a very serviceable variety, of dwarf habit ; and a violet self Auricula, suggestively named Violetta — it has a good deep colour and a heavy paste. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, had a collection of cut trusses of their zonal Pelargoniums brilliantly coloured and the pips large, also a few double Cinerarias, altogether a very showy display. Mr. G. W. Cummins, gr. to A. H. Smee, Esq , The Grange, Wallington, sent two pots of Veltheimia viridifolia with flowers of dull coral-red, spotted with yellowish-white, the leaves shiny green. Philadelphus inodorus was sent by Mr. W. C. Leach, Albury Park Gardens, Guildford, who re- commended it for forcing purposes, its scentless white flowers are very pretty, and the plant itself attains a height of about 6 feet, the same exhibitor also sent flowering branches of Deutzia candidissima fl.-pl. with very showy large sized flowers. From Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W., were some few specimens of Trillium discolor atratum, the flowers being deep purple-brown, and the sessile leaves dull green mottled with a lighter shade. A few Hyacinths were also sent, of which Bouquet blanc, a pure white single variety was a fine one, with large pips and solid spike. Admirable is pink with a darker centre nerve, and Fleur de Paradis, a rich cream-coloured variety, both of which are singles. A considerable number of varieties of Daffodils were contributed by Messrs. Barr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., which embraced several of the best known forms, a relief to the mass of yellow being given bv an edging of Anemone fulgens, various Scillas, &c. Iris Sind- jarensis, which was the subject of an illustration in our last issue, where full particulars of this plant will be found, was also sent by Messrs. Barr. Messrs. Charlesworth, Shuttleworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent under the name of Pteris Harrisoni a pretty Fern with the fertile fronds some some 15 inches long, pinna; at the top, bi- or tri- pinnate at the base, the pinnae being long and narrow, dark green with a comparatively wide toothed band of white in the centre, very decorative. Mr. T. H. Proud, gr. to J. W. Ford, Esq., Chase Park, Enfield, N., sent a collection of cut Camellias, including Donkcelarii, alba plena, Corallina. Chand- lieri elegans, Marchioness of Lome, &c, and also sprays of Acacia retinoides. A fine growing vigorous form of Lily of the Valley was sent by Mr. E. Morse, Ascot Nurseries, Epsom, under the name Fortin's variety. The bells were very large, and bore about fifteen or sixteen on a spray. The leaves were also remarkably broad and richly coloured. A showy lot of Cinerarias was sent by Mr. J. James, Woodside, Farnham Royal, and showed his strains to be of nice dwarf habit, and possessing several good colours. Orchid Committee. Present : Sir Trevor Lawrence, in the chair, and Messrs. S. Courtauld, T. B. Heywood, H. M. Pollett, II. Balderson, II. Ballantine, J.Dominy, Ch. Pilcher,' E. Hill, H. Williams, L. Castle, F. Moore, F. G. Tautz', A. H. Smee, James u'Brien, and Dr. M. T. Masters.' Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W., sent a charming new hybrid Lrelia Cattleya Hyppolyte, the result of fertilising La-lia cinnabarina by the pollen of Cattleya Mossio. The resulting plant is fairly intermediate in all its parts, and the flower, which displays a most beautiful rich Indian yellow colour, is about 5 inches across, the lip closes over the column, and is slightly tinged with madder on the median lobe, which is somewhat undulate; the petals are ovate-acute, with a slightly serrated margin, the sepals being lanceolate. The foliage was also of an intermediate character. Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, contributed a few good specimen plants, having a well-flowered example of Dendrobium nobile nobilius, Miltonia vexillaria, St. A'bans variety, with large richly- coloured flowers ; and of Oncidium bifolium majus ; also Angrrecum Germinyanum, with a delicate white flower ; Oncidium tetrapetalum ; the finely-lipped Cattleya Trianic var. marginata, referred to in the report of the last show; C. T. vivicans, a form with lightly-tinged petals, and a deeply-coloured lip of moderate dimensions ; and Phaius Cooksoni, shown at the last meeting, and described on p. 388 of this issue (see also fig. 57, p. 389). Phalsenopsis Schiller- iana gloriosa, the petals and sepals being white, with a tinge of rosy-mauve down the centre, and spots of brown on the lip, was sent by Messrs. H. Low & Co. Several fine Orchids were shown by F. G. Tautz, Esq., Studley House, Hammersmith, gr., Mr. Cow- ley. These consisted of Cattleya Triana; Tautziana, in which the lip is a beautiful feature, deep in colour, and regularly frilled ; Dendrobium chry- sodiscum, Lycaste cruenta, a plant of two shades of yellow, and purple stripes in the throat ; D. Free- manni, a form of D. nobile, with white margin to the lip, and a patch of deep purple colour in the throat ; Odontoglossum Blandianum, a plant carrying two spikes. From A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Waliington (gr., Mr. Cummins), came two large plants of Cyrtopodium Saintlegerianum, figured in our pages, August 18, 1888, and Certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society, March 9, 1886. Mr. Ballantine, Baron Schroder's gardener, The Dell, Egham. exhibited Baron Schruder's variety of Dendrobium Wardianum, in which all the segments of the blossom are white, but the points which are bright purple colour, and the interior of the throat as in the type ; Odontoglossum Leeanum, a well- developed spike of this showy Orchid ; Cattleya Triana; Schroderi alba, white, all but the upper interior part of the throat, which is yellow. The plant bore two flowers. A small well-flowered Dendrobium nobile was shown by H. F. Nalder, Esq., Mornington Lodge, West Kensington. Messrs. Pitcher & Manda, United States Nursery, Hextable, Swanley, showed a collection of new Cypripediums, including Chlorops, a greenish flower, and continuous flowerer, Boxalli superbum and B. atratum, Dautheri, &c. A finely grown Angra'cum citratum, shown as var. gigantea, was sent by Mr. G. Elliott, gr. to W. F. Elliott, Devonshire House, Stamford Hill, N., the plant bore four large spikes of well developed flower*, and made a good display. Oncidium sarcodes in a good specimen, came from W. C. Walton, Esq , Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr., Mr. G. Cragg). Mr. T; A. Glover, gr. to E. Ellis, Esq., Manor House, Wallington, sent a good form of Odontoglossum Andersonianum, with large flowers heavily spotted, also blooms of Lycaste Schilleriana, and Dendro- bium nobile. A hybrid Cypripedium named C. hybridum Poyntzianum, came from R. Young, Esq., Linnet, Liverpool ; it was a small flower, the dorsal sepal apple green, with darker lines, petals dull rose on the apical, half greenish at the base with a few conspicuous brown spots, lip pale brown fading to a yellowish hue at the bottom of the pouch. Mr. C. J. Catt, gr. to J. C. Parr, Esq., Grappen- hall, Hayes, Warrington, sent blooms of a large form ot Angracum sesquipedale. Fruit Committee. Present : Sir C. Strickland, Bart., in the chair ; and Messrs. II. de Vilmorin, P. Crowley, R. D.' Blackmore, H. Weir, J. Cheal, Ch. Ross", G. W. Cummins, J. Smith, J. Willard, W. Warren, J. Wright, A. II. Pearson, G. Wythes, J. Hudson, F. q! Lane, H. Balderson, G. Bunyard, Arthur Sutton, R. Hogg, A. Watkins, T. F. Rivers, and Arnold Moss. Mr. Charles Ross, Welfork Park Gardens, New- bury, sent a new seedling Apple named Armorel, which is a small fruit of a yellow-brown colour, somewhat broader thin deep. The flesh is said to be rather hard. From W. Roupell, Esq., Harvey Lodge, Roupell Park, S.E., came some well-kept fruits of Annie Elizabeth, Melon, Bismarck, and striped Beefin, all of which were quite plump. A box of fine fruits of La Grosse Sucre; Strawberry was sent by Mr. J. Simms, gr. to W. Eastwood, Esq., Kingswood, Englefield Green. They were very fine fruits. Specimens of Lockie'a Perfection and Sutton's Telegraph Cucumbers were sent by Mr. Lockie, Oakley Court, Windsor ; and Mr. J. Smith, Ment- more Gardens, Tring, also bad a brace of Cucumbers. Bulbs of James' Prize Keeping Onion, a moderate sized long-shaped bulb, with a pale brown skin, was sent by Messrs. Rutley & Silverlock, Savoy Street, Strand, W.C. ; and from Mr. W. C. Leach, Albury Park Gardens, Guildford, were heads of Veitch's Standard Bearer Celery, which was said to be very hardy, it evidently blanches well, and is very sweet. The awards made will appear in our next issue. March 2&, 1890.] THE G-AB.DE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 399 ROYAL BOTANIC. March 2b\ — The first spring show was held in the gardens at Regent's Park, on Wednesday last, when the weather proved very favourable. Exhibits were chiefly from nurserymen. Messrs. H. Williams & Son, Fortis Green, Finch- ley, were successful exhibitors, and won prizes for Narcissi, Tulips, Hyacinths, Lily of the Valley, and Primulas, and showed a good lot of plants in all these classes. In the Amateurs' classes, Mr. J. Douglas, Great Gearies, Ilford, stood well, leading for Hyacinths, Tulips, and Crocuses, the last named being very good. The same exhibitor also won first for six Deutzias, showing well-flowered and large specimens. Mr. Eason, gardener to B. Xoakes, Esq., Hope Cottage, Highgate, was first for a nice lot of six Azaleas, in the amateurs' class, while Mr. R. Wills, Longton Nursery, Sydenham, had the best six in the nurserymen's section, both of these classes show- ing a little improvement on last year's style. Messrs. Paul & Son, The Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, had a pretty lot of Amaryllis, and won first in the class for twelve, with strong plants, Alton Locke, carmine, with a white nerve, being one of the best. The same firm was also placed first for a collection of Roses, showing a nicely grown and well-flowered lot in which Alba Rosa, Souvenir de S. A. Prince, and Caroline d'Arden were seen. Again for a col- lection of hardy herbaceous plants, as well as for bulbous plants, Messrs. Paul & Son were placed first, having a good representative collection, includ- ing Saxifrages, Primulas, Iris reticulata, Erythro- niin. dms canis major, Tulips Kaufmanniana, white tegmenta, with orange yellow base, bearing a dis- tinct red spot at the top of the yellow colouring. .Mr. Phillips, of Langley Broom, Slough, had some fine Cyclamens, and was placed first for them in two classes. Among the miscellaneous collections was a group of Hyacinths, Narcissi, Viburnum opulus, Amaryllis and Cliveas, including Meteor, a variety with short set flowers, and a compact head from Messrs. 1!. S. Williams & Son, Upper ffolloway, X. (Large Silver Medal.) Messrs. II. Williams & Son sent a lot of about a hundred nicely grown Hyacinths and other plants, for which a Silver .Medal was awarded. Messrs. Parr & Son, Covent Garden, and Mr. T. S. Ware each sent a bank of Narcissi of the usual cha- racter, for which Large Bronze Medals were given. Small Silver Medals were given for a collection of Cyclamen, which had the Luke of Fife, from the St. George's Nursery Co., Uanwell, to Mr. .1. James for Cinerarias, in which was Gem, blue, with a white inner zone ; to Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, for a collection of Camellia blooms in well- known varieties ; to Messrs. .1. LiitiL' .V S..n, for a group of miscellaneous plants, in which were Orchids, Azaleas, and Cliveas, including the variety Staneted Beauty, pale salmon-red ; and to Messrs. Paul & Son, for a nice lot of pot Hoses. And Bronze Medals v.nit to Messrs. II. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, for zonal Pelargoniums and double Cinerarias ; and to Messrs. \V. Cutbush & Son, for a collection of Epacris, Azaleas, Acacia grandis, &c. Mr. Udell, Gould's Green, Ilillingdon, a'so sent a nice lot of Cyclamen. The Certificates given will appear next week. Notices of Books. The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons of India and Ceylon . . . with researches into their origin and the derivation of their names . . . with an atlas of illustrations. By E. Bonavia, M.D. I W. II. Allen & Co., Waterloo Place.) Wr. are told in the preface to this book that its subject matter is not confined to Oranges and Lemons, but comprises all varieties of Citrus. It was originally begun with the object of showing how many varieties might be advantageously cul- tivat-d in India, for the sake of their fruit, or for preserving purposes, or the manufacture of citric acid. In the course of his researches into the cultivated fruits, the author found his materials increasing, not only in bulk but in variety, and in consequence his book has a wider scope than was originally intended. The author has had the opportunity of seeing and handling a larger number of forms than any of his predecessors, and he has been at the pains of giving outline illustrations of their foliage and fruit, rarely of their flowers or seeds. These drawings are, as he says, rough, but they are all to scale ; every botanist will admit that they are more serviceable for his purposes than the elaborately-finished or artistically- drawn flowers, which are supposed to represent what the artist sees, and nothing else. As the artist generally sees but little, and that little very im- perfectly (of course we are speaking from a botanical point of view only), his effective and pretty sketches are generally useless. This cannot be said of Dr. Bonavia's sketches, they are merely the rough memo- randa of a botanist ; but they represent the pecu- liarities and variations of all the forms known in India, and as such they have permanent value. Dr. Bonavia suggests that Orange growers in India and Ceylon, with their command of cheap labour, might advantageously compete in the London markets with the growers in Florida and their dear labour. He estimates labour in India as tenfold less costly than in Florida, where, moreover, frosts occasionally occur. He shows that one of the best Pummelos is to be found in Bombay ; that Tanjore possesses the best Portugal Orange in India ; that the sweetest Orange to be had in the world grows semi- wild on the borders of Nepal ; that in the Punjab and North West India, blood oranges are grown ; that Almora possesses a Citron from which candied peel can be made better than that from Leghorn ; that the Malta, Portugal, or Sicilian Lemon can be grown all over India and Ceylon, and that they are efficient remedies for intermittent fever and enlarged spleen. Dr. Bonavia proceeds to give in successive chapters an account of the several "groups" of -, Citrons, Limes, and Lemons, embodying the results of much research, literary, philological, historical, and botanical. To show how variable are the plants of this genus, the author tells us that it is sntrrii mes difficult tu d> cide which is an I 'range, which a Pummelo, and which a Lemon or Citron I This would seem to indicate long cultivation and extensive interbreeding, and vet there is evidence to show that in some cases, at least, cross-fertilisation is uncommon : the Seville < Irange will not cross with the sweet, nor the Limes and Lemons with the Orange, The Seville or bitter Orange has been grown for ages from seed, and though perhaps originally from the same stock as the Malta type, is now so distinct that it refuses to cross with it. Ten chapters are devoted to the description of the several " groups," but there is a want of a general summary of the author's conclusions, and the reader has to work through a series of historical and linguistic details— of great interest, doubtless, but which are embarrassing to the student in search of the characteristics by which the groups may be distinguished one from the other. Under the head of cultivation, the importance of a sandy soil mixed with humus, and capable of retain- ing a good deal of moisture, is insisted on. In the Khasia hills the Orange is grown from seed only ; the seedlings are grown in the nursery for three or four years, with little care beyond the removal of weeds. When the seedlings have attained a height of 3 to I feet, they are planted out in their permanent quarters, about .'300 trees going to the acre ; jungle growth is removed every year, but neither hoeing harrowing, nor irrigation is required. The trees begin to bear about the sixth year, or the third from transplantation, the general average being about the eighth year. At first five to ten fruit per tree are produced, increasing for the next five years, when about 800 fruits per tree are produced, and this general average is thenceforth maintained, though not {infrequently very much larger crops are yielded. The garden remains productive for from thirty to fifty years, according to the richness of the soil. It must be remembered that the IChasia hill climate is one of the wettest in the world, and that the cultural conditions have to be greatly modified elsewhere. In the Azores the lause; /aire system has resulted in disease in the Orange groves, and very serious loss. In Nagpur the Orange is propagated by budding, the sweet Lime being the stock used ; it is evident that by this means good vaiieties can be propagated with much greater certainty than by seed. Mr, Ridley's remarks on the cultivation of the Orange, at p. 109, are too long for transcription, but they should be read by all intending cultivators ; and they go to show that careful cultivation pays, whereas carelessness and neglect entail eventual ruin. The chapter on the commercial products, and that on trade statistics, are full of information, deserving attentive consideration on the part of those con- cerned in the development of the agricultural re- sources of India and the Colonies. The chapter on the morphology of the fruit, reveals that Dr. Bonavia's views are not at all in accordance with those of most botanists. For Dr. Bonavia the ripe pistil or fruit consists of two whorls, " the outer or rind whorl and the inner or pulp whorl." So that the rind is considered as an outer series of barren carpels enclosing the pulp or fertile carpels. It was the opinion of the elder De Candolle, Organo- graphy Vigitak, ii., p. 41 (1827), that the peel or rind was an enlargement of the disc shown in our figure of the Kumquat flower (fig. 58), and which grows over and encloses the carpels. It is true that in some monstrous fruits a double row of carpels is found one above the other, just as in a Pomegranate (see fig. 59), but this circumstance does not help Dr. Bonavia much, for the inner carpels in these cases are covered with rind as usual. Dr. Bonavia further considers the pulp cells to be the homologues or equivalents of the oil cells of the rind. If the latter are to be considered as referable to hair- like productions or trichomes, Dr. Bonavia's con- tention would be admissible, for the pulp-cells are, as was many years since shown by Caruel, to be lified hairs lining the inner surface of the carpels. The author indulges in further speculations : he con- siders the leaf of the Citrus to be " a modified branch ; the serrations on its edges, abortive leaflets ; the oil- cells in their angles, abortive buds in abortive axilla} ; and in the normal bud, the spine, the oil- cell of the leaf and the rind, and the juice vesicles of the pulp, the pollen grains and the seed-bud would all have to be considered as homologous.'' We are afraid Dr. Bonavia here makes a larger draft upon the morphologist, than they will care to honour, but he candidly confesses it to be speculation, and the Chapter may have its uses by stimulating further observations. The fifteenth chapter is devoted to a discussion on the origin of the several varieties as illustrated by philology. This again is very interesting, but highly conjectural, and does not come within our scope. A series of appendices, occupying more than 100 pages, or nearly one-half as long as the volume itself contains a great variety of interesting matter ex- tracted from various sources, and relating to a great diversity of subjects germane to the author's main theses. Among other things, a translation of lium- phiuV remarks on the forms of Citrus in the Her- barium Amboinense is given; in fact, this portion of the volume is an encyclopedia of knowledge dela- ting to the genus Citrus. It is unfortunate that the index is not so contrived as to render access to these varied contents easy ; for instance, much is said in the body of the work about Oranges and Orange- culture in Florida, but the word Florida does not occur at all in the index under F, nor under the heading cultivation, though other countries are mentioned. Under D, it is true, we find Disadvan- tages of sojourn in Florida. Should a new edition bi called for, a good classified table of contents, and a complete index suitably constructed, would be great boons. As it is, the value of an excellent and suggestive book is marred by the provoking character of the index. Whatever we may think of Dr. Bonavia's specula- tions, and of his want of symmetry and method in the arrangement of his material, there is no ques- tion that he has got together a very large amount of valuable and interesting information, and that his work will stimulate practical men to undertake and 400 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [March 29, ISfJO. extend the culture of Oranges and similar fruit in suitable places, and will give rise to much difference of opinion among botanists, from which much in- crease in knowledge, and the gradual evolution of the truth, may be anticipated. Law Notes The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sum. j3 ae Accumulated i a oj 3 1 . 'l"rj a ~ a i A 0'M ^ a ~ difference 1890. or less ( — ) for Week. 1 S.3 If la 1 si" ft a = 1 I fl i| -> pq H •M Hi Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. deg. tnch. 1 i + 13 28 + 28 — 51 5 + 62 14.6 21 17 2 i + 13 25 + 16 — 87 4 + 49 7.7 17 22 3 i + 14 21 + 3 - 77 4 + 43 4.5 21 21 4 i + 30 17 — 13 - 17 u + 48 5.3 31 28 5 i + 33 20 - 2 — 16 Oav. 42 4.8 27 24 6 Oav. 30 14 + 6 — 34 2 + 42 5.3 30 25 7 1 + 17 25 + 14 — 52 1 — 54 12.8 30 20 8 1 + 26 13 + 14 - 51 1 + 50 7.3 27 22 9 1 — 29 15 — 9 + 32 1 — 48 8.3 36 28 10 2 — 18 32 — 10 — IS 2 — 56 8.0 41 23 11 3 — 22 33 — 10 + 15 2 + 53 11.5 n 27 12 1 + 29 0 + 66 — 13 4 — 5n 7.6 43 35 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 8, Midland Counties ; 8, England, S. Principal Grazing S,c, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England, S.W.; 10, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 22nd, i9 furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The weather was dull and changeable, with rain almost daily, in most parts of Great Britain, but in Ireland and the Channel Islands rain was less frequent, and several bright intervals were expe- rienced. " The temperature has continued slightly above the mean in nearly all parts of England and Scot- land ; in Ireland and the south-west of England, however, it has varied from 1° to 3° below the normal value. The highest of the maxima were registered in most cases on the 18th, and ranged from 54° in 'England, S.W.,' and 'Ireland, N.,' to 60° in ' Scotland, E.,' and 62° in ' England, E.,' and ' Ireland, S.' The lowest of the minima, which were recorded on irregular dates over Ireland and Scot- land, and on the 18th at most of the English stations ranged from 24° in ' Ireland, N.,' and 25° in ' Eng- land, S.W.,' and the 'Midland Counties,' to 32° in ' England, N.W.,' and 36° in the ' Channel Islands.' "The rainfall has been more than the mean in the north and east of Scotland, in the south of Ireland, and over the major part of England, but less in the Channel Islands, 'Ireland, N.,' 'Eng- land, S.W.,' and Scotand, W.' In 'England, E.,' the excess has been very large, owing to heavy falls which occurred on Wednesday. " Bright sunshine has been more prevalent in Ireland than it was last week ; elsewhere the values do not differ materially from those which were then recorded. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from 17 in ' Scotland, E.,' to 31 in ' England, E.,' 36 in ' England, S.W.,' 41 in Ireland, and 43 in the 'Channel Islands."' Messrs. Carter & Co. traverse some of Mr. Van Geert's statements, and send the original invoice to show that the route was not indicated. We can insert no more on this subject. ©fcitttarg. ROBERT WALKER, of Eichmond, near Peter- head, Aberdeenshire, was buried on the 21st inst. The deceased was a gentleman of rare qualities in many ways, but he was particularly known as a botanist. The assistance which he rendered to the late Professor Dickie, Botany Chair, Aberdeen University, in some of his lectures, was highly appre- ciated and gratefully acknowledged by that famous botanist. He was also passionately fond of garden- ing, and his chief outdoor occupation, when not on tour through the country, was attending to his garden. W. Cauldwell. — We regret to announce the decease of W. Cauldwell, of "The Ivies," Wantage, on the 22nd inst., at the age of sixty-eight years. He was well-known for his splendid strain of coloured Primroses, Polyanthus, &c. At one time the de- ceased was an occupant of a large farm, but having a love for flowers, he gave up the pursuit of farming, and purchased the land known as the Grove Nursery, to carry out his hobby. Of late years be had culti- vated all the best kinds of annuals extensively for seeding purposes, and was very successful. Markets. COl'ENT GARDEN, March 27. Market very quiet, with good supply of indoor fruit and vegetables. Grapes, although a short supply, are sufficient for the demand. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants w Pots.— Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, per doz. 9 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — speci.plants.each 7 Azaleas, various.each 2 Cineraria, per doz.... 6 Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 Dielytra, per doz. ... 9 Dracaena tercninahs, per dozen 30 — viridia, per doz.12 Erica Cavendishii. per dozen IS — ventricosa, doz. 15 Ericas, various, doz. 8 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Average Wholesale Prices. d. s.d. t.d. s.d. 0-18 0 Evergreens, in var., 0-18 0 per dozen 6 0-24 0 0-42 0 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0 6-10 6 Ficus elastica, each .16-70 0- 3 0 Foliage plants, vari- 0-10 0 ous. each 2 0-10 0 0-24 0 Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-12 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 : Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-l» 0 0-12 0 I Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots 18 0 24-0 0-60 0 ! Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 I Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-48 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-24 0 , Roses, various, doz. 18 0-36 0 0-24 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 j Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 0-18 0 Bedding plants in variety in box nd also in pots. Cut Flowers.— Averase Wholesale Prices. s.d. s. d. N.'irvi- Pelargoni 12 spr. — dozi , scarlet. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 Acacia (French) bun. 0 9-16 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Calla!ethiopica,12bl. 3 0-50 Camellias, white, doz. 2 0-40 — various, per doz. 10-20 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20 Crocuses,' 12 bun. ... 1 0-201 Roman Hyacinths, Cyclamens.. 12 blms. 0 4-061 Eng., doz. sprays... 0 Daffodils, 12 bundle:. 0 3-091 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 l. sprays... tTimroses, 12 bun. ... Primulas, double, Vj sprays Eucharis, per dozen 3 0-50 Gardenias, 12 blooms 6 0-12 0 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10 Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. 4 0-60 Lilium, var., 12 bl.... 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 6-10 Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 0-90 Mignonette, 12 ban. 2 0-40 — French, per bun. 16-20 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0-60 Orchid-bloom — coloured, dozen — French, dozen ... 1 — red, per dozen ... 3 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 — French, bunch ... 1 — Parma, bunch ... .3 0- 1 6 6- 1 0 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-5 0 6-2 6 6-10 0-12 0 6-2 0 6- 1 U 0-2 0 • •ly. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — NovaScotia,brl.l2 0-25 0 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 0- ... Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0-50 s. d. s. d. Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16 — St. Michael, each 2 0-60 Strawberries, lb. ... 4 0-80 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. s.d. s.d. s.d. s.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, perliO 12 0- ... punnet 0 4-... Beaus, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-201 Parsley, per bunch .. 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Cucumbers, each ... 1 0- 1 6 I Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... j Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Lettuces, per dozen... 1 6- ... I Turnips, per bunch, Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... ! new 0 4- ... roTATos:— Prices for old Potatos are low, all round, and a very bad finish for them generally may be anticipated. New, mostly Canary Island Pot itos, are arriving in larger quan- tities ; quotation 2s. to is. per cwt. easier. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : March 26.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report to-day's market quiet, with a small attendance. Red Clover seed continues cheap and abundant. In Alsike the advance now established is quite £10 per ton. There is no change in either white or Trefoil. For heavy perennial Rye-grasses more money is asked ; Erench-Italian is now remarkably cheap ; Timothy and Cocksfoot are dearer. For Tares there is an improved sale, available supplies are getting into narrow compass. Blue Peas steady ; Rapeseed, being very scarce, is dearer ; Scarlet Runner Beans offer less freely. Sanfoin finds buyers at last week's terms, this variety now more and more takes the place of natural grasses. Enquiries. " He that questioncth much shall learn much/' — BACON. Paris Market Gardeners and Nurserymen.— Will some of your readers who know France well kindly tell me the principal market gardens and nurseries in the neighbourhood of Paris, and which are most worthy of a visit from a gardener's point of view? Henry Per kins, Greenland's, Henley-on-Thames. Notices to Correspondents. ,* Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications as EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. Apple Trees: A. P. Decapitation was not meant, but severe pruning only. The former would be preferably performed just at the fall of the leaf. Books : J. A. O. The books you require may be had of M. Nutt, foreign bookseller, Strand, London, W.C. ; and Williams & Norgate, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C. — H. C. Boissier's Flora Orientalis is to be obtained of H. Georg, bookseller, Bale, price 140 francs, 6 vols., or Williams & Norgate as above. Tristiam's Western Palestine only contains a list of plants, without descriptions. Carnations Salmon-coloured : C. T. A. Mrs. Dod- well, rosy-salmon ; Mrs. Logan, salmon-scarlet ; Little Nell, rosy-salmon, fine form. We nan.e these, still the one you saw in the North may be a different flower. Crotons Propagated by Means of their Leaves : Bex. It may be accomplished if a thin shield of wood be taken off with the leaf attached, but we know of no grower who adopts this method exclu- sively. They would require a top heat of 80°, bottom heat, 85° to 00°, and to be kept close under a bell-glass, or in a case, each leaf being fast to two sticks. The upper part of the shield should be above the sand of the propagating pan. Erratum : Heliconia aureo-striata. — This plant was erroneously mentioned as coming from the Amazon district. It is not clear whether it is a native of New Guinea, or one of the South Sea islands. It is thriving at Kew. Greenhouses : W. M. In the absence of agreement, you are liable to remove at three months' notice. The houses belong, in law, to the landlord, if resting ou brick foundations in the soil. Head Working Gardener : W. We are sorry not March 29, 1890.] THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. 401 to be able to help our correspondent ; but we will keep the application before us in case of inquiry. Kichtee's Impebator Potato : A. P. It is a German variety. Stem vigorous, erect, stiff, tall. Leaves rather far apart with roundish plaited leaflets. Flowers lilac. A late mid-season variety not un- like Paterson's Victoria, but with larger and not so symmetrically formed tubers. Names of Fruits : F. Hughes. Wadhurst Pippin. — H. Corder. Hanwell Souring. Names of Plants : W. C. Fordwich. 1, Crown Imperial, Fritillaria imperialis ; 2, Erythronium dens canis, Dog's-tooth Violet ; .3, a Lily of some sort ; 4, Hemerocallie, Day Lily ; 5, Daphne mezereum ; 6, not recognised. — J. H. 1, Saxifraga Wallacei ; 2, Myrsiphyllum asparagoides ; 3, Acer rubrum ; all wretched scraps. — J. V. Acacia lobata. — Miss F. Triteleia uniflora. — A. B. B. Teucrium scorodonia. — H. May. Vanda suavis ; Veitch's variety. — A. McBac. Dendrobium nobile ; very nice flowers. Thanks for sending them. We find no Odontoglossum, but two blooms of Ccclogyne cristata. — H. Dunkley, Ccplogyne cristata ; pro- bably the Trentham variety. — J. C. Cypripedium barbatum majus — H. s. fid. per cwt. Carriage paid; P. O. with order. Samples and prices per ton on application to F. REGAN, Bone .Merchant, Appley Bridge, Wigan. EMON OIL INSECTICIDE Kills all bisects ; cheap, harmless, easily used. Sales rising hy leaps and bounds, owing to its merit. Pints, Is. 6d,; quarts, 2s. m. ; half gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9a'. SSI* "PUCHARIS MITE KILLER. During ■' * — -I— * the year it. has been before the public it has saved thousands of Bulbs, vide Testimonials. Doubters. Try it! Half-pints. Is. fid. ; pints, 2s. fid. ; quarts, is. 6d. ; half gallons, 7s. fid.; gallons. Vis. Sd. CLIBRAN'S SHADING for GREEN- HOUSES, SKYLIGHTS, &c. Is a wonderful novelty. In wet weather the shading is almost transparent; as the glass dries it reappears. All Plant Growers will see the great advantage. In packets, Is., Is. yd., and 2s. 9d. post-free. N.B — Above three preparations from Seed and Nurserymen ; or. CLIBRAN, (lldtield Nursery, Altniicham and Manchester. L1 GARDEN REQUISITES. TWO PHIZR Mil'll.H. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. 4d. each; 111 sacks. Us. fid.; losacks. 17s. fid., 20sacks, jus. ; 2G sacks, 24s. j 30 sacks, 27s. ; 411 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, .'ills. Limited quantities ,,f G , .pedal piality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. fid. euch. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, St. iW. per sack ; 6 sacks, 40s. ; BEST BROWN Fl URDUS 1'KAT, 5s. per sack; 5 for 22s. fid. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. fid. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAS1). Is. lid. per bushel; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. tier lb. Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List. 7erms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall, London. E. Bankers— Smith, Payne, . Full directions for use upon each Package. SOLE MANrFACTl-RERS : CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, Ltd., LONDON. To be had from Seedsmen and Florists throughout the Country. "Nothing Succeeds like Success." IITT^^U17C, (SOLUBLE) nUlllUjO INSECTICIDE Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and Bird Fanciers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, bleacher, and Cleanser whan washing Under Linen. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., & 4s. fid.; I gallon 7s. 6d., 1 gallon 12s. 6d. , or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on application to the Manufacturer, addressed to E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK.— ROLKER & Sons. SAVE HALF THE COST. RAPxinr X BEDFORDSHIRE UMrtOIUL 0 C0ARSE AND FINE Is admitted by the Oil lllfO QARIf Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pifce, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus saoe half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. OARSIDE, Jun., F.E.H.8., Lelghton Buzzard. Beds. "DROWN FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, -*-* 31s. 6d. per Ton. or 126.'. per Truck of i tons; Bags. 5s. each ; 10 Bags. 45s. BROWN and BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 25s.' per Ton, or £5 per Truck of 4 tons ; Bags. 5s. each ; 10 Bags. 45s. PEAT, for forming Rhododendron, Hog. and American Plant Beds. 21s. .per Ion. or £* lis. per Truck of 6 tons. THOMAS WALKER. Tekels. Camberley, Surrey. W. WOOD & SON'S Specially Prepared MANURE FOR LAWN TENNIS and CRICKET GROUNDS. Now is the Time for Using it. From Mr. PERKINS, Gardener to Bt. Hon. W. H. Smith, M.P. " June 2nd, 1889. " Your Special Lawn Manure has proved quite a success. It has killed all the Moss, and stimu- lated the Grass and Clover most wonderfully. I shall use it again next October." Price 15s. per Cwt. W. WOOD & SON, ^nI'q^n. II! PEAT II! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE. CHARCOAL. &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS, &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS& CO., The Old-established Peat Depot, Ringwood. Hants. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. " D 1 f D D M 11 " THE UNIVERSAL r 1 V t\ Ci 1\ Aj INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887. — "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 07.. to a fallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I rind it kills Green ly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, aud so far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test oE efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or tpray. — I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January 1, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, * Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Meaty Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at is. M., 2s. 6d„ aud 3s. ad. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS' AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judgesat the Alexandra Palace Rose Show, 1SS9, after 15 Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Scottish Horticultural Association. 1889. Mr. W. G. Heid, Crystal Palace, says :— " We were so satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we have used it absolutely, and have every confidence in recommending it." Mr. R. Irwin Lynch. Curator. Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says :— " There can be no question with regard to its efficacy." PliCBS :— In 1 and 2-gal. tins, 28. per gal. (tins included) ; in 5-gal. drums. Is. 6d. per gal. ; 10 and 15-gal. Drums. Is. 4d. per gal. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. C$° T'sed inthe proportion of One Gallon to 25 Gal Ions of Water. TO BE HAD OF ALL NURSERTMEN AND SEEDSMEN. To prevent disappointment, insist upon having the " ACME." Soie Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge, Kent ; & Carlton St., Bolton, Lancashire. Agents in Ireland — W . DRUMMOND & Sons. 58. Dawson St., Dublin; Walter Carson 8c Sons, 21, Bachelor's Walk. Dublin; Ales. Dickson & Sons. 65, Royal Avenue, Belfast* McJvenzif. & Sons, Limited, Agricultural House, Camden QilSy, Cork. NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT. &c— C. Fidler, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— " I found your JIauure gave very satisfactory results." C.J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot. says: — "lean strongly recommend your Nalive Guano as a first rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it. I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOIIATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good, and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets o£ Testimonials, &c, may be obtained. Agents wanted. bentley's Insecticide. Mr. G. Wythes, Syon House " Bentley's Insecticide is a great sav '//(>.- .■ ig in comparison to fails to thoroughly eradicate all insect pests."" Bots., 2s. id., 4s. Id., postage paid, Half-Gallons, 5s.; One Gallon. 9s. To be had of the Trade, or the Sole Manufacturer, JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Huniber, HULL. Great Reduction in Price of LETHORION (VAPOUR CONE). Nothing can surpass this method for the total de- struction of Insect Vests in Greenhouses. It cannot fail where the houses are secure. No possible injury to the most delicate plaut. PRICES — For Frames. &c, of 50 cubic feet, feet deep; the other 2 Oet in diameter by 1 foot 6 inches deep, with Boiler by Barford & Perkins, Steam Piping and Taps. Apply by letter to Mr. H. E. MILKER, Crystal Palace, S E., who will give further particulars. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES * ^f68- VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, GRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GTJANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGEXTS WANTED AGEXTS WANTED. MESSENGER & CO.'S Now CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, .lu-i tamed, will be found the most i pide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses, □lustrations of every description oi Glasshouse, tram the largest range of Winter Gardens to the -implest form- of Portable int Protector, . also of all the > I of 1 pea, and «U appliances for heating. Thu Oitnloi.'ii.'. jm.,-...-hi;.' tinut'.M. ..f i .lu-trifion* of nil the latest improvements in greenhouse build og I heal ng, i It should be in the hands of every one interested n t contains many practical m of which it tan perience. Price 2s. post-free. A large number of the 1 1 hint rut inn- are taken from greenhouses erei countay, an inspection of this Catalogue dura -. therefore, building* the ellii inn . of win, h lm I*, n well te -ted hv n.'ln.il »■«■. The advantages possessed l.y us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, a< prices whii b defy competition. Surreys miole and gant leman waited on In any part of toe country. Plans and Estimates free on np] MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. Are used by the leading Horticulturists aud largest Nurseries in the World, and acknowledged by all to be the lightest, strongest, best coloured, most perfect shaped and finished pots ever manufactured. MARKET POTS, Or Long Toms, are largely used by Market Growers— they fa a neater depth, wider at bottom, and save half an inch in \\ tdth at top over ordinary pota. Have no rims. VINE POTS te used iiv the leading Vine Growers throughout the king- dom, and pronounced unequalled for Vine Culture. CHRYSANTHEMUM POTS. terably deeper than ordinary— very broad at bottom, ■ u[irn;iii in >h;ipe; do not blow over when outside, narrow bottomed pots; give maximum amount of r om for nutriment a1 roots oi plantai CLEMATIS POTS. lighl and strong, flxei olaea The 'Clematis Pota' gave Messrs. Wood & Ingram, Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. OPINION. ■ We bi ay th, ■ highly satisfied na.le, light, yet strong;, and we like them better than any others we have ever used." MesBrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, Worcester. ••The 1- lower Pots von have largely supplied US Willi are light, strong, and well made, and in everyrespect highly satisfactory " Messrs. Dlcksons. Ltd . Chester. •■ For nearly thirty rears I bave I □ using your Harden Pote, and rtill im'.f iin>in the best und" cheapest."— Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. " We have always found your Pote highly satisfactory. Great Improvements last few years in iiu-m. "-Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chllwell Nurseries, Notts. Sampled m,d Prices free. Carriage and breakage free on £10. Half carriage on £6, specialty Orchid Pane and Pota SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. Have the largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invito inspection of same. BOILERS of the latest and mo>t approved class, including the PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc. ; VENTILATING CEAR and VALVES. lo the event of a . UPPER ! to he replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Builer, an arrangement hi* hern perfected whereby same may be . without the necessity of disturbing ihe brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, U. PRICE LIST FREE. GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON, Telegraphic Address -"HOT- WATER, London." Telephone. No. 4763. the. course of a few minuter, S.E 404 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Makch 29, 1890. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES. &c, 5 feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Po*ts, with Raidisseurs, 12s. 6d. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of wire, Ad. per yard. Terminal Posts with Raidisseurs, Ss\ 6d. each. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, 6 feet high, eight wrought bars, £inch diameter, 4s. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER, 8 feet high, 5 feet span, 9s. 6d. per yard. WALL FiTTINGS, Raidisseurs, one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eves, spared 10 feet apart, bd. per dozen. Galvanised Wire, 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks, 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high, Is. 9d. each; 6 feet high, 3s. fid. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES. Japanned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3^. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high, 4s. 6d. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS, 18 inches wide, in 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED liUARDS, 6s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES, 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 8s. 6d. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. CONWAY C. WARNE / Successor to \ ^John Matthews/' The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FOR FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. PRICE LISTS FREE. STOCK ""I pU H 14x12 u Sk 16X12 ill1 16x12 20x12 4- 16X14 18x14 20XU , 20x18 22x18 24X18 21-oz. and 15-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass, Oil. and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthneld, London, B.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. rFANNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit J- trees. Flower-beds, &c, from frost and blight ; 35 square yards for Is. ; sent any width on approval. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s.— H. J. GASSON, Pish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2*. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will Highly-hniahed Copies, with Original. FRANCIS and CO., 29. Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Domo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actions of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, and Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. Osman & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Perpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words " Frigi Domo " as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington & Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN ED G I N GT OlT (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. And for all Glass Structures that require Shading. Sold in packets, Is. each, with full directions for use, and may be obtained from all Seedsmen and Nurserymen. The public are cautioned against spurious imitations. Each packet should bear the Trade Mark as above. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Lim.), London. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 square yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEORGE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. Established 200 years. THE GARDENERS' AGENCY.— Gardeners are offered the AGENCY for our CEYLON TEAS among private families. Our 2s. specialite (supplied to agents. Is. 6d. in bulk ; Is. 6Jrf. in packets, carriage paid) enables anyone selling it to add 40s. weekly to income. Samples free. — UNITEn TEA GROWERS' ASSOCIATION, Union Court, London, E.C. — Name Gardeners' Chronicle. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AJTD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. I ^^#fe^#*^:^ h?''j.2 3& Special Estimates given (or Large Contracts in Fencing, Roofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given as to the best and most economical Fences to put Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. BASKETS, WIRE TRELLIS. Conservatories fitted up with Trellis, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c. Maker of the Waddes don Plant Truck— one of the most useful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire Fencing, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaiies and Pheasantries Plain or Ornamentally cted. "Ha and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. REAUFORT STREET, _ ^CHELSEA, S.W. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOR X PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE. W.C. OLD GREENHOUSE FOR SALE.— To be Sold, a Lean-to Putty-Glazed Range of GLASS HOUSES, 260 feet long by 16 feet wide, and with Front Lights 3 feet high. These Houses have to be pulled down to be replaced with Helliwell's Patent System of Glazing without putty, which requires no painting. The Houses are situated at Ripley Castle, near Harrogate, and the owner has had Helliwell's Glazing on part of his houses for eight >ears, which have not cost him one penny in repairs (see testimonial). — Apply, HELLIWELL'S PATENT GLAZING WORKS, Brig- house, Yorkshire, or 9, Victoria Street, Westminster, S.W. — Also another RANGE of HOUSES, 1»0 feet long, at Kirkleea Hall, which has been pulled down to be replaced with Helli- well's System of Glazing without putty. pARDEN REQUISITE S^ VjT Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work. Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON AND SCULL. 90. Lower Thames street, London E C EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, 1$<2. yard ; 4 yards wide, 3d. yard ; or 2 yards wide, 10s. per 100 ; 4 yards wide. 20s. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NETTING, 1 yard wide, 2d. yard ; 2 yards wide, id. yard ; 4 yards wide, 8rf. yard; 12 yards wide. 2s. yard. COTTON NET, nine meshes to square inch, 1£ yards wide, Id. yard run. W. CULLINGFORD. }27.FjeJd, Road, Forest Gate, London, E. Mabch 29, 1890.] THE GABDENERS' CHRONICLE. 405 THE GARDENERS^ CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as tico. 4 Lines 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 » 10 „ 11 » 12 » 13 „ 14 „ eo 3 0 0 3 6 0 4 0 0 4 6 0 5 0 0 5 6 0 6 0 0 6 6 0 7 0 0 7 6 0 8 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 16 „ 17 „ 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 21 „ 22 „ 23 „ 24 „ 25 „ .0 8 6 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 10 0 0 10 6 0 11 0 0 11 6 0 12 0 0 12 6 0 13 0 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERV ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Column9 the lowest charge will be 30s. Page. £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of aline. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST HE l-REPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT A" O T I C E— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfices. as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week MV ST reach the O/fice by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Month.. 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. FOREIGN (excepting India and China), including Postage, 178. 6d_ for 12 Months; India and China. 198. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C , to W. RICHARDS. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. JAS. BOYD & SONS, PAISLEY. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, * ott igM. Pennis Courts, verandahs, ticc. Hot-water Apparatus for warming Churches, Schools. Public Buildings, UansionSt HaruaM Koom*, Drying Kooms, Hothouses, unci Buildings al every I *eec ript ion. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue. 3a\ C H EAP FRAM E S, PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart, in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed and paint- .1 . — 6 feet long, 3 feet wide I >. 2 0 0 6 feet „ 4 feet „ Packing 2 10 0 12 feet „ 4 feet „ \ Cases I 4 7 6 6 feet „ 5 feet „ FREE. 310 0 12 feet „ 5 feet „ [ ) 5 17 6 Larger sizes at ■proportionate jrrices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. Lrndon Agent— Mr. H. Skeltun, Seedsman, etc., 2, Holloway Road. N. RANSOMES At the Jubilee Meeting of the R. A.S.E., Windsor, HER MAJESTY' THE QUEEN and H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of PRUSSIA each pur- chased a Ranvimes" Laws Mower. Mowers Month's Trial, Carriage Paid. LAWN MOWERS, The Best in the World, la all sizes to suit every requirement. " NEW AUTOMATON." the Best Gear Machine. " CHAIN AUTOMATON," the Best Chain Machine. " NEW PARIS," the Best Small Machine. •' EDGE CUTTER." the only one of real service. " BANK CUTTER." the Best for Cutting Slopes. THE BEST FONY and HORSE - POWER MOWERS. Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. ANTHRACITE \ ^■4 /com., km The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stove3, and Heating Apparatus. TTENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE ±A- SMOKELESS COAL -Tin COLLIERIES (Limited) supply ti Nuts being an iul the tin al i Wal the size of a man's fist), delivered i station. Tins coal is LBSOL1 I I i I much less at tent loll than any other for twelve hours at leasi without any supers giving from five to tea degrees more heat than coke. Quota i i can be bad on applical to the Company's Offioe8a 23, Lime street. London, B.C. Quotations for Loudon delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and Bouth-Western districts, from Messrs. O. R. CARTER am SON, Coal Ex. Iiange, E ('.; and for the Bouth-Eaatern district, from Messrs. W. Dowei.l ahd CO., SITED ANTHRACITE Nut or Cobble Coal (the and Hi- Cobbles about uckloads to any railway Kl.LI-.ss, and it requires ";:io .,1 lit i I,. B I' HEATING APPARATUS BUY D/RECT FROMs** -«, Y/. ROB/a.. ^y\ • • O1// j4fEx£&F IMPROVED ^"WUION JOINT OT WATER PIPES STOURBRIDGE, TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S •TRENTHAM BOILER Makers of HUT WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, ami APPARATUS erected complete by hot WATER, HOT-AIR, &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE, STAFF. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Death and Disablement toy Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £2S5,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.O. Head Office:— 64, Comhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. YIAN, Secretary. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING. ASSOCIATION. 873, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. Now Ready. DemySvo. Cloth. With an Atlas of Illustrations, £U0s. THE CULTIVATED ORANGES and JL LEMONS, &c. of India and Ceylon, with Researches into their Origin and the Derivation of their Names, and other Useful Information. Bv G. Bunavia, M.D. W. II. ALLEN and CO., 13, Waterloo Place, S.W. \\,rANTKD, a practical \Yorking Nursery VV GARDENER, well up in Management of Roses, Tomatos, Chrysanthemums, &c. Married Man, whose Wife could Manuge Kl. ristshop.- JOHN SALLAWAY, Accountant, 24, Jury Street. Warwick. WANTED, a thorough good UNDER GAR- DENEB. Must be experienced in Growing Grapes, Tomatos, and Cucumbers. Married. — GARDENER, Tapton Court. Sheffield. Gardener. \\'ANTKI>, a married Man as SECOND, T ▼ without family, wife to attend to Lodge gate, IBs. per week, with House, Gas, and Firing. Apply hy letter only, giving age. where last employed, Sec, to .Mr. NUTTING, Kverleigh, East Barnet, Herts. WANTED, UNDER GARDENER, one who doaanol Object to go errands and make himself useful about the lion.,-. Address, staling full particulars hy letter. K. f}„ Howard's Printing OH Sydenham, S.E. \\rAYl'Kli, a WORKING FOREMAN, to * j take charge of a Branca Nursery of 21 Acres; no glass. Most thoroughly understand Roses, and be eompeteul to Cultivate Evergreen and Deciduous Trees and Shfuus vVM. 1A 1 I, AM' SON, Waltliain Cross, Herts. WANTED, a WORKING FOREMAN, to take Charge of Glass Department; must he well up in Plant Growing and Furnishing, o 1 character Indis- pensable. Total abstainer preferred. Wages. ;til.s. per week. LANE AM. MARTIN, 227, Brixton Road, Brixton, S.W. WANTED, a FOREMAN for the Houses, must have had good experience in General Forcing. Plant Growing, Houa icorating, &o., and be capable of laliiii^' general* 'barge of a Large Garden if necessary. Age notunderSS. Applicants are desired to state particulars of experie and wages required. Bothy provided. — W. mm; UN, Baltimore, Exeter. WANTED, a good PROPAGATOR and GROWER Of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants in i Nur sery near London. Abstainer preferred, .-tale age. wages, and experience, by letter tot'. II.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN, in Eouser, Foreman. Must have had good Trade exp.- rienee. State particulars. Wages IHs., two lires, glass all new. -JOHN R. BOX, Nurseryman, Croydon. ANTED AT ONCE, as SECOND MAN, tor Hardy Barbae s Department, a steady and ex- perienced Cultivator. Wages, 21s. per week to commence with. -Send full parti, u ars of qualifications, and length of service and position in last two situations, addressed P. BARR, Long Ditton, Surrey. WVNTED, a MAN, to work about I Acres of Nursery Ground, with Assistance. Must be quick, and able to Propagate Shrubs, Sec— JOHN REEVES, Florist, Acton, W. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Flower Garden, age not under 21 y.-urs ; also a young man [or Kit. ben Garden; wages, 18.s. per week.— J. MARTIN, Baroote, I'uringdun. WANTED, OUT-DOOR MAN, capable of taking charge of Branch Small Nursery. -WALSH A W ASD SON, Scurboro'. vv 406 THE GABDENMM® CH1WNICLE [March 29, 1890. WANTED, an active young MAN, used to Growing Soft-wooded Plants, Tomatos, Chrysanthe- mums. &c, for Market. Permanent situation ]f suitable. Must have good character.-Apply, stating wages expected, to G. BENNETT. Florist, Hanwell. W. XXT ANTED, good Cucumber and Fern V> GROWEB. Married mm.-E. F. SMITH. Market Gardener. Smullberry Green, Isleworth. WANTED, a Young MAN, for Flower and Kitchen Garden. Must be well up in Kitchen Garden ■work, and willing to take his turn at the Fires.— J. C. COLLINS, Melton House Gardens, Waterloo Ville, Cosham, Hants. ^ ANTED, a MAN well up in Growing rubers and Tomatos for Market. State wages, ference.— FIELD AND ANSTED, Brunswick w ti:ir.le WANTED, a respectable MAN, well up in Flowers ; Inside and Out, and look after Pony and Trap. Wages. 24s. Good character indispensable.— J. BAYST, The Hollies, Gascoyne Road. South Hackney Common, N.E, WANTED, a young MAN to make himself generally useful in a Small Nursery, and to Attend to a Pony. State wages required, &C.-C. F. WATERS, The Nursery, Balcombe, Sussex. ANTED, a young MAN, used to Potting and Tying.— Mr. ORl'WOOD, Florist, Tangley Park, Hampton, Middlesex. WANTED, in a Market Nursery, a strong YOUTH, with some knowledge of Potting and Water- ing Plants.— Apply, stating wages required, to H. HUNT, Florist, Suttonon-Trent, Notts. WANTED, TWO young MEN, for General Work on a Small Nursery, wages, 18*. Also strong active LAD to Assist in Pleasure Grounds, in Country; ab- stainer preferred.— WILLIAM HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney. ____ ANTED, a HEAD FORESTER, for an Estate in South Wales: age about 40. Reply by letter, stating ternn. &c, experience and references, to AGENT, Stepney Estate, Llanelly. WANTED, in a large Belgian Nursery, a I.I,- voung Man (Nurseryman's son preferred), as IMPROVER.— F.. L.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wel- lington Street. Slrand. W.C. ANTED, an active LAD for the Garden, age 16 to is. Apply, stating wages expected, with Bothy, milk, and vegetables.— SLEIGHTHOXM, Burntwood Gardens, Brierley. Birnsley. To Florists WANTED, a thoroughly practical MAN, about 30 lo 35 years of age, who has had experience in the London trade. Undeniable references as to ability, sobriety, honesty, &c.< required. — Write full particulars, stating experience, salary expected, &C, to HORTUS. Gar- deners' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a BOOK-KEEPER, to Assist in Correspondence.— WM. PAUL AND SON, Waltham Cross, Herts. Head shopman. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY (owing to ill- ness), in a leading Dublin House, a thoroughly qualified Man as HEAD SHOPMAN, must bo a good SALES- MAN, and of good address. A knowledge of the Nursery Trade also indispensable. Character must bear strictest investi- gation.—AGRICOLA, 93 Phibi-boro' Eoad. Dublin. Florists. WANTED, a LADY, for Flower Stalls, in Leeds Covered Market. Must be a good Saleswoman, and first-class Wreath and Bouquet Maker.— Address, stating wages and references, to SHAW BROS., Market, Leeds. WANTED, an experienced LAUNDRESS, after Easter, married, husband as Garden Labourer ; church people, furnished cottage, country, no children pre- ferred.—Mrs. W., Coton Hall, Bridgnorth. WANT PLACES. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c DI C K S O N S, Koval Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS. Chester." Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors. Agents, and others requiring the eervicesof GARDENERS, FORESTERS. and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. BS. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selection-* for (he differeut capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. JOHN R. BOX'S Register includes several pratical and well-experienced HEAD GARDENERS, of good character, whom he can introduce to Employers.— East Surrey Seed Warehouse, Croydon. ICH ARD S M I T H I^nd C~a beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. " ARDENER (Head). — Age 46, married ; nine years in present situation. Highly recommended. Thoroughly experienced in all branches.— G. JOHNSON, The Gardens, Appleby Hall, Doncaster. ARDENER (Head). — Age 32, married, two children ; thoroughly understands the Management of a Large Establishment. Two years' good character. Dis- engaged.—J. TOULMIN, 1, Farm View, Guildford Park Koad, Guildford. p ARDENER (Head).— Scotch ; of undoubted \Jf character and ability, is open for re-engagement in a place where Houses, Gardens, and Grounds are kept in first- class order. Knowledge of Forestry. Leaving through no fault.— GARDENER, Blairhoyle, Stirling. ARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, no family.— Mr. J. S. Moss wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman, who for the last five years has had charge of Orchids, Plant and Fruit Houses, Flower and Kitchen Gardens, and Park. Excellent character. State wages, &c— J. SMITH, Wintershill, Bishop's Waltham. ARDENER (Head).— Married, no family; could take the entire Management of an Estate, has had extensive experience in every department in Large Establishments; leaving through death, and the estate being sold. Highest references from present and previous employers. —HEAD GARDENER, Moor Park, Farnham. Surrey. ARDENER (Head); age 38, married.— Mr. D. WILLIAMS, Gardener to the Earl of Fevershara, can with confidence recommend a thorough, practical, all- round Gardener, with several years' experience as Head. Thoroughly conversant with the requirements of a large esta- blishment.—Address in first instance to F. G., Mr. D. Williams, Duncombe Park Gardens, Helmsley, Yorks. ARDENER (Head Working). —Age 34, married ; thoroughly experienced, with good character. —HEAD GARDEN ER, Cowesfield House. Salisbury. ( "1 ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33 ; VJF a first-class all-round man. Life experience iu good establishments.— A. G., f>, Vernon Street, West Kensington, W. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one daughter (age 14); twenty-five years' experience. Good character. Leaving through Gentleman leaving neigh- bourhood.—JAMES TICKELL, Mells Rectory. Frome. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. — Age 31 ; sixteen years' practical experience iu all branches, highest reference. — H. NIGHT- INGALE, The Gardens, Wallingford Castle, Wallingford. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 31, married, no family; seventeen years' experience in Vines Stove, Greenhouse, Flower, and Kitchen Garden; good testimonials —J. R., 23, Charlton Road, Harlesden, N.W. ARDENER (Head Working). —Age 30, married, no family'; fifteen years' practical experience in good places. Excellent testimonials.— F., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; eighteen years' practical experience in all branches. Well up in Forcing Vines, Peaches, Cucumbers, Melons, &e. First-class references from past and present employers. Abstainer.— F. LANE, Alma Road, Reigate, Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, married; thoroughly practical, including Orchids. Six and a half years in present situation. Highest references from present and previous employers. — W. RHYMES, Pemberton Road, East Molesey, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working); age 31, marrit-d. £5 will be paid to anyone procuring Adver vertiser a g> od situation. Thoroughly practical in all branches, with highest references.— F. G., Mrs. Hewett, Stewart Road, Malmesbury Park, Bournemouth. GAIIDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married, no family ; seventeen years' experience in all branches of the profession. Four years as Head. Highly recommended. Left through death.— H MUSTOW, Yellington, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, married; thoroughly experienced in Stove itud Green- house Plants, Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, and Peaches; also Flower and Kitchen Garden. Good references.— A. H., Lower Gardens, Bulstrode lark, Gerrard's Cross, Bucks. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 40; offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent man in Orchids, Vines, Ferns, Stove Plants of all kinds. Early and Late Forcing ; good Kitchen Gardener. Good references. Abstainer.— E. D., The Gardener, The Old House, Betchworth, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working) ; age 33, married.— R. Callaghan, for the past six years Head Gardener to G. Burt, Esq., J. P., Purbeck House. Swanage, is open to treat with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the ser- vices of a thorough, practical, all-round Gardiner; excellent testimonials from past and present employers. — Address aa above. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 39, married, one child ; understands Vines, Peaches, and general routine of Gardening. Good references.— H SWEET, Appley Towers Lodge. Ryde, I. W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, married ; eighteen years' experience in Early and Late Forcing in all brandies of the profession. Three years' good character. Leaving through family going abroad. — B. STRANGE, Wote Street. Kasnig?toke. GARDENER (Head Working); age 2S.— C. J. WrAITE, Glenhurst Gardens. Esher, wlil be pleased to very highly recommend his present Foreman, T. Lucas, who has been with him three years, also three years Foreman at Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, and several years at Longford Castle, Salisbury, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical and reliable man. ARDENER (Head), or good SINGLE- HANDED.— Age 30; married, one child; experience in all branches, live and a half years' good character from present situation.— VIZOR, King's Wall, Malmesbury. GARDENER (Head), or Single-handed; single.— H. Turner, Fineshade Abbey Gardens, Stam- ford, can highly recommend his Foreman as a trustworthy, energetic man. Nine years' good character. — Address above. ARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. ARDENER, in a Market Nursery.— Age 24, single; quick at Potting, Tying. Watering. Well up in his trade.— A. HAINZ, 28, Cross Street, Clapham, S.W. GARDENER. — Age 24; competent, wishes to change ; seeks a situation under modest pretensions. —Letters kindly send to Mr. MOORE, 7, Purbeck Terrace, Bournemouth. GARDENER, where one or more are kepfc. — Thoroughly experienced in the Cultivation of Fruit and Plants under Glass, Kitchen Gardening, &c— E., Wm. Ashwell, Morhanger, Sandy, Beds. ARDENER ; age 36.— J. Smith, Gardener to the Right Hon. the Earl of Rosebery, Meiuniore, Leighton Buzzard, is in a position to recommend a thorough practical Gardener. Competent iu every branch of Gardening. Has been Head Gardener to a Nobleman, and can produce first- class references. — Address as above. GARDENER. — A Gentleman, keeping one Gardener and a Lad, wishes to recommend the former for promotion to a more important post. He is 32 years of age. skilful in Management of Stove, Vinery, and Greenhouses; is obliging, industrious, and a teetotaller.— J. H. C, Gurd.ners' C hronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER, for a small, well-kept" place", where two or more are employed ; Age 30.— The Adver- tiser would like to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a good Gardener. Total abstainer. Highest re- ferences can be produced.— Mr. BLOXHAM, Brickhill Manor, Blet diley, will be pleased to answer any inquiries, aud give full particulars as lu Advertiser. GARDENER, where one or two are kepfc, or good SINGLE-HANDED. — Age 27, niarrie I, one child; three years' good character.— P., Mrs. Hattatt, Church Street, Esher. /^2J_ARDENEK (Kitchen), or Single-handed. VJ — Age 38. married, two children (youngest age 7). Nine and a half years' eood character. Abstainer. — J. STEVENS. The Lodge, Coombe Lane, Kingston. C^l ARDENER (Single-handed), or where X two are kept.— Age 29. single; good character.— H. SNOOK, Kimpton, near Andover, Hants. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 26, single; understands Glass and Outdoor Work. Six years' excellent character. -W. E., 76, Queensborough Terrace, Bayswater, W. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 34, married, no family; thoroughly practical, total ab- stainer, good references, state wages.— J. F., Rockhills, Crystal Palace Roud, Sydenham. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or where help is given —Age 27, married when suited; thoroughly experienced in all its branches. Two and a half years' good character — T. FEAVER, 3, South Terrace, St. John's, Sevenoaks, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Second. — Age 20. experienced; 3 years and 9 months in present situation; in or near London preferred.— A. PHILLIPS, Travershes Cottag1, WTithycombe, near Exniouth, Devon. GARDENER (good Single-handed), or Second. — Age '9. married when suited; twelve years' experience. Two years' good character as Second from present, and four years' good testimonial from previous employers. Please state wages. — J. LUFF, Elmore Gardens, Chipstead, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Under. — Age 23 ; has had nine years' good experience. — W., Mr. Walker, Leiston Common. Leiston. ARDENER (Second, or good Single- handed), where help is given.— Experienced Inside and Out. Five years' good character from present employer. — W. A., 2, Woodside Cottages, South Streatham, S.W. March 29, 1890.] THE GARDEN E ItS1 CHRONICLE. 407 GARDENER (Second), or good Single- handed. Married when suited— Age 28; experience Inside and Out ; good character, abstiiner.- F. SAUNDERS, Coffee Tavern, New Barnet, Herts. G^ ARDENER (Second), in a good place.— f Age 26; abstainer; well up in all branches of the work, good character.— H. C, Mr. Grover. Boxrnoor, Herts. GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept. — Experienced Inside and Out ; good characl er from present employer.— F. H., 2, Holdernesse Road, Upper Tooting. GARDENER (Second), in a good Establish- ment, where three or four are kept. — Age 28, married ; four years' good character. — F. H., Myskyns, Ticehurst, Sussex. GARDENER (Second), in Good Establish- ment.—Age 24; G. Di-ffield. The Ivies Wimhmore Hill, will be pleased to recommeDd a young man as above, over nine years' experience. Inside and Out. GARDENER (Second), or Under; Fruit Growing preferred. — Age 20 ; a Lady wishes to recom- mend a voung man as above, seven years" good character. — Apply first to the HEAD GARDENER. Thoriiby Hall. Rugby. GARDENER (Second) or FIRST JOUR- NEYMAN, (under foreman) in large Establishment.— Three years as Under Gardener in present situation.— W. H. SHAW. The Gardens, Lelstone Court. Worcester. GARDENER (Second), where several others are kept, or JOURNEYMAN, in Urge establishment.— Single; good references.— A. BONNER, Lash nj, Godalming, Surrey. G< ARDENER (Under).— Age 21 ; five years' I experience in Garden and Greenhouses. Good — W. BROWN, the Bev. E. II. .1 ...... I he Vicarage, Harrow, ARDENER (Under), Inside preferred.— Age 19; five :.t.- F., Gardener, The Bu.h, Wullou-ou-TIi mi. ■-. GARDENER (Undee).— Age20; strong and willing I ; I - Inside and Oot, G. BALL, 99, I aurch Bond, Upper Norwood. ARDENER (Under), or Third in good place, i ence. Excellent character. Leaving to Emprove. Ruthy preferred.— THOMAS LTMPLEBY, H..|n,.r.-. Cuckfield. TONURSERYMKN,\-r-." I'artnership desired in pou and Or.,.. o I Hard led i aa FOREM IN, with opl f Partn n Gardeners' Chronicle Office, ii. Wellington Street, Strand, W 0. FOREMAN, in the Bouses, where others are kep: I Vioea, Pines, >v .. hes, Or. ■ .. Plants. Highly r. ... . ii ogvi i. Hants, FOREMAN, Inside. — Age 28 : fourteen years' experience in Firs! ■ . aenus; late Plant Foreman. Blenheim Palace, eighteen months. I testimonial '.ill i:it.\ fames B York. Fi IREMAN, in Good Establishment.— Age 24 ; eight years' experience In good places. Well recom- mended Irono I isl in I . FRANK TALBOTT. The Nurseries, Forest Hill, S.E. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 28 ; four- teen years' experienc rruil Early and Late Forcing.— A. BULL, 1 SI len . Kiunkney Hall, Lincoln. OREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23 ; nine Mr. Booki . Fernhlll, B i bley, near Lymington, can confidently recommend a young .Man as above. FOREMAN; age 27. Mr. STERniNrrJroi> root. . M . mn. end . j . thoroughly trust- worthy and experienced. FOKKMAN, Class or Oeiieral, in go .1 Esta- blbhment; age 27.— Mr. I'.i i.i ..im.. Htrai'f.in House, Btraifan Station, co. Kildnre, with imend Irs Fore- man, William Rieu'. Three years in present situation. Trustworthy and experienced. FOREMAN, or Second, id. a Gentleman a Garden, Age 22, single ; good referei WM. JONES, Norfolk Lodge, near Barm t, Herl . To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, SALESMAN. — JAMF-S EaSTOX having terminated In. engagement as Foreman, Propagator, ....I Salesman, for eight \cnrs in the Glass Department of Messrs. \v. rutin h & Son, at the ii. mi. -t Nur..Ti.'H. is .,].,■.. I,, an engagemenl as above. Long experience.— 80, Union Street. Barnet, Herts FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 24; eight years' experience. Good recommendation from present employer.— A. TROTT, Titsey Gardens, Lim|«neld, Surrey. ITCIIEN GARDEN FOREMAN.— Age 33; married; having acted in that capacity for the past twelve years in the extensive Qardeos ol Lord Trevor, Brynkinalt, Chirk.— JOSEPH HUGHES. Brynklnalt Gardens, Chirk. PROPAGATOR and GROWER.— Age 23; used toHirdwood, Stove, and Bedding Plants; good cha- racter.—A. REEVE, 39, Faroe Road. West Kensington Park.W. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- wooded Stuff. Used to Market Work.— For particulars apply to C. H. G., 3, Church Road. Wickham, Welling. Kent. R0PAGATOR and GROWER for Market. Eighteen years' experience in London and Provinces. Good references. — HORTUS, 1, Avlesbury Road, Bromley, Kent. RCHID- GROWER, or GARDENER.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references.— J. EARL, Nettle- stone, Ryde, Isle of Wight. RCHID GROWER.— Age 26; thoroughly understands the work. Well recommended. Two and a half years' good character from present situation.— W. E., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. RCHID GROWER, or Second in a Large Collection ; age 26.— James Cvpheb begs to recom- mend a man as above. Thoroughlv steady, painstaking, and ■ :. • ''.'. NM '. i'. i, ..- K.ud Nurseries. Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 23 ; seven years' experience, partly in the Midlands. Excellent recommendations.— H. SNELL, Upton St. Mary Church, Torquay. To Gentlemen. JOURNEYMAN (First), in good Establish- ment.— Ags 20; eight years in present Nursery. Good character aud reference from present emplO)er. Total ab- stainer.—G. PULLEN, o. Southern Road, Thame, Oxon. J~~OUKXEYMAX (First), in the Houses, in a Gentleman's Establishment.— Age 23; eight years* prac- tical experience in Lirge Pieces. Good character from present and previous employers.— C. CXAXSON, The Gardens, South Weitld, Brentwood, E*sex. JOURNEYMAN, in the House*.— Age 20; s.-vi-n years' experience. Can be well recommended. r G. B. FREEMAN, Otterton, 11. Sulterton. Devon. JOURNEYMAN, in the Housed— Age 21 ; sn \.-.,rs' experience three and u huif in laal , ell recommended i vis. ENT, Telthorpe, Norwich. J 51 KM. YUAN, in the Houses.— Age 21 ; I ears' experie i in be highly reoomme .1. MARTIN, Barcote, Faring I. .n. JOURNEYMAN, [nside, or Inside and Out.— Age sj; six years' expei . ... be well recommended, C. SAl'H in. Darli I 0 JOURNEYMAN, in Private Establishment.— U ■ -'. thl i ; ; (iood references. — T. ROBINSON, The sir.-.i u ir I. ..-. Chorley, Lanes. To Nurserymen. Jul RNEYMAN, in the Houses, in good Nursery, im 20 even yenrs' experience. —BAKER, Pince & Co., Nurserymen, Bxeter. Jul RNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— w.m [TON, The Gardens, Silrerland, Ohertaey, Surrey, highly recommend d young man, four yean excellent eh ir.i.t.T, -Apply as above. JOURNEYMAN.— Inside and Outside, in Gen- tleman'a establishm-mf . -Agel8; bothy preferred. Five years' reference.— J. Win Intelligent steady men as above. — Hit. Inn Priory Hardens Herts. Jul RNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; t .... and a I. i F yea nation; cs be highly ended. PHILIP PYLE, Rodborough, 8troud, Glouces- tershire, Jul KNKV.MAX, Inside, m a good Establish- ment.—Age 24; well up in Propagating, Potting, Watering. &e. Eleven years' experience. Good character.— J. J. ASQUITH. Newark Road. Croydon. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 1!»; five years' expe- rience under Ola.- ! . . . '. ... Good r. commenda- tions. Abstainer.— PARSLOW, 31, Ponton Road, Nm. i i..,- Lane, B.W. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age 2«; six years' expei fifteen months in presi nl situation. ii.ihI i i E LSON, 1 1,. Gardens Kawkswiok, si. Albans. JOURNEYMAN, under Foreman: age 21.— II. PABHOTT, Wood End Gardens. Chichester, recom- mends a strong active youog man as above. Seven years' ex- perience; two and a half year- in present place. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— .1. TmraiEB, Tin- Gardens, Milton Park, Peterborough, can highly recommend to any Head Gardener a steady, active, and industrious young i TOL RNEYMAN, in Houses, or Second, where tf three or four are kept.— Age 24 ; six years' good character. Bothy preferred.— WILLIAM THORNTON, Dan- bury Palace, Chelmsford, E»sex. OURNEYMAN, in a (iood Private Estab- lishment. In and Outdoor experience preferred, but would not object to its being entirely Outdoors.— Age 21 ; seven years in present situation.— S. GALLOP, Poltimore Gardens, Exeter. OURNEYMAN, or Second in the Houses in Good Establishment.— Nine years experience ; three year9 in present situation ; can be bighly recommended. — C. LUCAS, Husbands Bosworth, Rugby. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second in tJ four.— Age 22 ; seven years' experience in good places. Good character. — R. FAIRCLOUGH, Mvnthurst, Leigh, Reigate, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER.— Age 19; tJ three years in present situation, three years previous. Bothy preferred.— H. TUGWELL, 4, Peter's Terrace, Old Town, Eastbourne. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age JL 17; good character.— A. LIKDUS, 13, Lennox Road, Worthing, Sussex. JMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age J- 20; rive years' excellent character and experience.— C. LONDON, Swallow-field, Reading. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, Inside. J- —Age 19; good references; Bothy preferred. -G. BURN, Ampfielii, near Komsey. Hants. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age -*- 20; five years' good character.— F. SIM.MONDS, Chit- hurst, near Petersheld, Hants. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— -*- Age 19; strong, acting, and willing. Two and a half years'characterfrom present place. Abstainer.— S. WALTERS The Gardens, Purbeck House. Swanage. JMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Good Estab- -*- lishment.— Age 18 ; strong, active, and willing. Three and a half years' excellent character. Bothy preferred,— F. NE\ ILLF, Steventou Manor Gardens. Whitchurch, Hants. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden, where several are kept, and where he cnu improve Inside.— Age20; tall, Steady, strong, and willing. Three years' and nine months' goo I . haracter.- G. GIN'N, Downs, Fainborough, Kent. rPO NURSERYMEN. — Frederick Bush, -a- Foreman to Messrs. Protheroe & .Morris, Leytonstone and four year. Foreman mid Traveller at the Royal Nurseri s, 1 open to an ... agement. Palms, Gardenias, Ferns, Tree Carnations, Roses, Heaths, and Cut Flowers a specialty. .', Granleigh Road, Park Grove Hond, Leytonstone. Nl RSERYMEN. Wanted situation where Kerns. Palms, and Clirv - ml l.ciniun- are Grown. Seven years in Market Nursery, Good character irom present em- ].!.... cr- UEKVm, Stroud Bros.. Green l.anes. Kinsbury Park. TO NURSERYMEN, Wanted, a situation ; JL and i.i Growing Soft-v, led Stuff, quick at Potting, kc. Age -'.'.; good chiirii ler.— E. H., Elm Cottages, Pavenham, Be if.. .1. rPO GARDENERS, &c— Head Gardener -I- would like to recommend 11 voung man. Used to Watering, Potting, Tying, and General IndOOrS Work, and little Out.si.le Work. Age 20 ; reason for leaving, Gentleman reducing Ins Establishment, Qood oharaoter. - Mr. GRAY, Head Gardener, Carville Mall, Brentford, Middlesex. rrO HEAD GARDENERS.— Thos. Butcher -L w.ml.l have pleasure ill recommending a young man, who has! ii m his employ for nearly Ihr,. v. .r- to any Head Gar- .l.n.r requiring a reliable hand.— Address, The Nu South Norwood. Tii GARDENERS, &o.— Situation wanted in i Garden, where four ..r five are kept, llashad good practice on Machine Scythe and General Garden Work. Two ami a hal' years' g 1 character. Bothy preferred.— C. NUNN, The Gardens, Stoke. Norwich. TO GARDENERS.— Wanted by a respectable I.nl (age 17), a situation under a Gardener. Twelve months' good character.— F. B., T. Wood & Sons, Farwig, Bromley. Kent. LABOURER in Garden, where others are kept. — A strong, civil, handy, sober youth (age 17). Has I -iv years' .., Hard. n. HKCTilIt, Snailwe I. Newmarket. To Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. SALESMAN, &C. -Age 81; fifteen years' experience Expert at Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, and other Floral Work. Good refer.- s. — D. W., Gardeners' . u Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. SHOPMAN.— Age 24; good knowledge of the Trade in all branches. Good reference.— MENTHA, Gar- deners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. rPO FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks situation -L in Florist's, or Fruiterer's and Florist's. Experienced in HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Though good health is preferable to high honour, how regardless people Often are of t.w former— how covetous of the latter. Many suffer their strength to drain away ere maturity is reached, through ignorance of the facility afforded by these incompar- able Pills of cheeking the first untoward symptoms of derang- ment, aud reinstating order without interfering in the least with their pleasure or pursuits. To the young especially it is important to maintain the highest digestive efficiency, without which the growth is stunted, the muscles become lax, the frame feeblt*. 11ml the mind tdothful. The removal of Indiges- tion by these Pills is so easy that none save the most thought- less would permit it to sap the spring of life. 408 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Maech 29, 1890. £.11 & .si ^ .1 & a. «_ 5f "« u 1 1 Oh « _ Q '- I - '3 -8 " I -S jS a, ■&* a* S Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Stre.'t, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Agnew. & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the •aid William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, March 29, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established No. 2571. No. 171.— Vol. VII. {^"} SATUKDAY, APRIL 5, 1890. Regt. as a Newspaper./ PRICE 3d. .WITH SUPPLEMENT.! POST-FREE, 3§d. CONTENTS. Alpinia mutica Amorphophallus Rivieri Anemone hortensis Asarum, the genus Bath and West of Eng- land Society Begonia manicata Books- Garden, the Handy book for the general servant History of Botany Vine, Thomson on the Botanists, index of Camellias Campanula isophylla ... Carron-House Clianthus puniceus Daffodil, Sir Watkin ... Daffodils, doublefrom seed Eocbaxis Bakeriana English Gardening, a his- tory of Floral photography Florists' flowers Flower garden Fog, effects of Fruits under glass Gardeners' Orphan Fund Gardening appointments Grahumstown, weather at Hardy fruit garden Heather in America Horticultural Club Kitchen garden Insects on plants, re- moving Lalia flava Lettuce. Cabbage i Lilyof the Valley, home- grown Lycaste Skinneri alba ... Manure, liquid, for gar- i den and orchard Masdevallia Lowii I Meteorological stations, i Scotland Montbretia Pottsii Orchid Houses i ,, nomenclature „ Notes Orchids at The Dell ,, at the Woodlands Parry, Dr. C. C Parsley Pastures, temporary and permanent Peperomia resediflora ... Plant Portraits ! Plants and their culture Prepu>a, Hookeriana ... Societies— j Bath Crystal Palace Koyal Botanic Royal Horticultural ... Torquay Vegetable products in the drug market Trillium discolor atral inn Truffles, true and false ... Illustrations. Eucharis Bakeriana Lycaste Skinneri alba. (Supplement.) I'r*q>utn Hookeriana , Truffle beetle, the Truffle, the British It.ili; Advertiser* are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE I\ AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 31.30 for Twelve Mouths. Agent for America:— E. H. LIKIiY, Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, Chiswick Gardens. GRAND DAFFODIL EXHIBITION and CONFERENCE, APRIL IS, IB, 17 nnd 18, 1890. The Exhibition will be opened on Tuesday, April 16, at :i p.m., by h.k.h. The Duchess of Teck. Conferences on Wednesday and Thursday, at 2 P.M. Admission : Tuesday, from 2 o'CIock, hulf-a-crowu ; Wed- nesday, Thursday, and Friday, from 11 o'clock. Is. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE SPRING FLOWER SHOW, APRIL 16 and 17. 1890. AUTUMN FLOWER SHOW, AUGUST 20, 21, nnd 22, 18H0. Entries for Spring close Friday. April 11. For schedules, ate., apply to— JAS. J. GILLESPIE, Secretory. Cross House Chambers. SHREWSBURY GREAT FLORAL FETE, O August 20 and 21. 1890.— For 20 PLANTS, £26, £20, £15. Collection of FRUIT. £10. £1. £.1. For GRAPES, £()0. Valu- able SPECIAL PRIZES given by Messrs. Webb & Son", Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Messrs. Carter & Co., Messrs. Wra. jd & Son. and Mr. II. Deverill. Schedules now rendy. post-free on application to the Hon. Sees., Messrs. ADNITT i The Square, Shrewsbury. NAUNTON, New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. ELARGONIUMS. — Extra strong, healthy, bushy plants, showing bud ; Show, French, and Decora- tive kinds, by name, in 48 and 32-size pots, 12». and 15s. per dozen ; 80s. and 100s. per 100. Boies and packing free. Cash with order.— JAS. HOLDER and SON. Crown Nursery, Reading. 50,000 GREEN EUONYMUS, all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15j. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm. Brighton. ARR'S Beautiful Hardy DAFFODILS. Cut Specimen Flowers, correctly named, now rendy, at fol- lowing prices, post-free, one flower each of 12 kinds, 2s. id. ; of 18 kinds, 3t. id. ; of .'ili 1 inds. 6s. id. ; of 50 kinds, 12s. id. Three flowers each of above, 6s., 8s. id., 17s. id., a respectively. BARR and SON, 12 and 18, King Street, Covent Oardftn, W.C. To Market Growers. SELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General Seed CATALOGUE. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich. Kent, FLETCHER 1 ! I :< )S7have~a very large stockof Standard PLUMS and DAMSONS, also AUOUBA JAPONICA. 1 to 3 feet, bushy. Ottershaw Nursery, CherUey. Surrey. Wholesale Price Current, Spring, 1890. AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, PETER LAWSON and SOX (Limited), Edinburgh, will be glad to post, free upas application their newly published CATALOGUE of Field |:,„,i -, ]. Clovers, Grasses, &.■„ with Special Offers ana Bamples when desired. / WAX. COOI'EK ini. CO., Wholesale Florists. \J Bedfordbury, Covent Garden, are open to Beoei re Consign - ii cut-, ol Choice Cut Howersfoi their! Omrniasiuu Ilcparl nl. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurserymen. Sidcup, and 285. 286, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent Garden, London. W.C. are open lo RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes ami Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address— "COMMISSION, Sidcup." JW. BARNIIAM Receives on Commission, • GRAPES, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. fUT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS V_^ Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Garden of the North, by WM. BULMAN, Produce Auctioneer, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Telegraphic Address-" BULMAN, Newcastle-on-Tyne." Established 15 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C. will be pleased to receive for Sale on Commission, Consignments of really Choice Cut FLOWERS. FRUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Bankers — London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address-" Boll VARDIA, London." WANTED, Large PALMS, DRACAENAS, CROTONS. ASPEDISTKAS, AZALEAS. ASPARA- GUS TENUISSIMUS, and A. PI.r.MOSUS NANUS, for Cash or EXCHANGE. — Apply, MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane. Hammersmith, W. Vy ANTED, good Cuttings of the following T T sorts of GERANIUMS, Bronzes, Master Christine, Madame Voucher, &c. Offers to GEO. PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Reading, Berks. CUTTON'S LAWN GRASS SEEDS ^J for making new or improving old Garden Lawns, Tennis Grounds, Bowling Greens, Cricket Grounds, &c. A far better and more enduring sward can be obtained by sowing these seeds than from turves. G. T. Todd, Esq., Craiglarach, says :— |* Two Tennis Courts sown with your Grass Seeds are the best in the neighbourhood." Price of Sutton's Grass Seeds for Lawns, &c, 3s. 6a. per gallon, 25s. per bushel. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. LIBRAN'S DWARF H.P. ROSES.— Always grow well; roots being splendid. Named, distinct, and lovely. 8s. per doz. ; 45s. per 100, free. Lovely TEAS, best sorts, in pots, IS.-, per dozen. Stronger for forcing. 2s. id. and 3s. id. each. CATALOGUE. 160 pages, three stamps. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrinchnm and Manchester. CALADIUMS. — LAINGS' COLLECTION of these beautiful Foliage Plants, and which has received many Medals and 1st Prizes, should be now inspected. Free adm.ss.on. Descriptive CATALOGUES post-free. JOHN LAING am. SONS. Caladium Growers and Nursery- men, Forest Hill, London, S.E. IRMINQHAM PRIMULAS. — The best quality, Including Queen, Marquis of Lome, mixed seed grown by the original raiser of this extra tine strain, 6s. per packet . -.mailer, :'.<. Hi,. POPE AND SONS, Nurserymen, King'sNortonand Birmingham. FERNS in THUMBS.— Extra good lot of Pteris Tremula and I'. 0. Orestata to offer at 12s. per 100, cash with order.— R. PENGEI.LY. Dyson's Lane, Edmonton. ""Wi i\i\(\ I'OBELIA, Emperor William, iWlUVV warranted true from cuttings. JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. per 100, 20>, per 1000, (or cash with order, package included. Q u 's Road Nursery. Wallhamstow. E. Grape vines. WM. PAUL am. SON' have still a fine Stock of well ripened, short-jointed Canes, of all leading varieties. Fruiting, lis. to 10s. id. each ; Planting, 3s. id. to 6s. each. Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 3i-inoh pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINOHORN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. T<> THE TRADE. CHOKES, and STACHYS TUBERIFICRA grow n by oursel' JAMES CASTER London, W.C. IERUSALEM ARTT- fine stock Lowest price on application to — and CO., 2.17 and 238, High Holborn, Turnip Seed, Hardy Green Top. CANNELL and SONS have fifty bushels, fine Kentish grown, warranted true. Bynsford, Kent. H. To the Trade. MANGEL WUKZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE will be pleased to • Rive Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent-Mr. GEORGE, HI, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON ANIiSONS. Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. LAWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" (Patent ) has the largest Hale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent " NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lista post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN" and COLDWELL, MVcj. Co., 223, Uprer Thames Street, London, EC, See large Advertisement, March 22, page 376. 410 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday Next Standard, Half-standard, and Dwarf HONES, from well-known French and English lirowers; 2no AZALEA MOLLIS, and 100 Choice Hybrid RHODODENDRONS in Bud, from Ghent; a large quantity of FRUIT TREES, including many of the best sorts of Apples, l'ears. Plums, Pearlies. Nectarines, &c. ; also a tine Collection of BORDER PLANTS LILU'H AURATUM, and other LILIES, from Japan. PEARL TUBEROSES, GLADIOLI. &c. 1Y/1R. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by 1VJ_ AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, US, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, April 17. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. TV TR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that 1VJL his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY, April 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will he glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS SALE will pleas,. SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT. Wednesday Next. FERNS, PALMS, and other Decorative Plants, Standard and Dwarf ROSES, all from English Nurseries; a large assort- ment of various LILIES, STEPHANOTIS FLoRUlUNDA, HERBACEOUS PLANTS, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 9, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. IMPORTANT SALE of ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, April 11, at half-past 12 o'clock, by order of Messrs. Fred, llursman SCo., a choice and unique COLLECTION of MAS- UEVALLIAS, comprising the most rare and new species, a collection of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, mostly in Flower or Bud, containing plants of great interest, and varieties of superior excellence, and a quantity of stmi-established and rare AFRICAN ORCHIDS. 100 Lots of various ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS from a Pri- vate Collection. 20 Special CYl'HII'EDIUMS, and 12 good plants of ANGR.F.- CUM SESQUIPEDALE in Flower and Bud. An importation of CYI'RII'EDl I'M ELLIOT"! IANUM, OE- LOGYNE LOWII, and SACCOLABIUM CtKLESTE. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. 400 Standard. Half-standard, Dwarf and Climbing ROSES, CARNATIONS, GREENHOUSE and DECORATIVE PLANTS, CONIFERS, and Hardy EVERGREENS. FRUIT TREES, RHODODENDRONS, &0. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, at the City Auction Rooms. 38 and 39, Gracechurch Street, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, April 11, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale. Catalogues had at the Rooms, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C. Friday Next. CYPRIPEDIUM ELLIOTTIANUM. CCELOGYNE LOWI, and SACCOLABIUM OELESTE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, April 11, an important consignment of the above ORCHIDS Oni ; of Sale, and Catalog i had. Exeter.— Preliminary Notice. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of the whole of the STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c, by order of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., who are relinquishing the business. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Exeter Nurseries, Exeter, on TUESDAY, May 6, and following days, the whole of the extensive COLLECTION of GREENHOUSE PLANTS, ORCHIDS, and HERBACEOUS PLANTS. Fuller particulars w ill appear in future advertisements. Essex. High Garrett, 3 miles from Braintree. The whole of the valuable STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising a number of fine specimen Palms, namely, Seaforthia elegans, Areea Baurei, Kentia Foster- iana, &c. Well grown Tree Ferns, including — Cyathea Burkei. Dicksonia excelsa, Dicksonia antarctica, Dick- sonia squanossa, Cyathea dealbata, and other fine speci- mens. A splendid collection of Ferns, including — Gymnogramma Goldiana, Adiantum William-ii, Adiantum cuneatum, Adiantum Sancta Catheriua, Microlepia hirta cristata, Blechnum Borgelems, Lomaria Gibha, Adiantum glaucophyllum, To lea superba, Davallia gracillimum, the Silver Fern, and many others ; a number of Orchids; a choice collection of Caladiums. including Argyrites ; a fine lot of Crotons, Arums, Azaleas, Achimenes, Auriculas, Bougainvillea glabra, Begonias, Camellias. Chrysanthe- mums, Dracaenas, Epiphyllums, Ericas, Eucharis ama- zonica, Fuchsias, Gardenias, Gloxinias, Hydrangeas, Lilium auratum, Stattce profusa, Strawberries in pots. Peach and Nectarine Trees in pots, and various other plants, MR. CHEFFINS will SELL by AUCTION, on TUESDAY, April 15. 1890. at 11 o'clock, by direction of the executors of the late Miss Cawston, upon the Premises known as " Folly House." Catalogues may be obtained of Mr. EVERITT, The Gardens, Folly House. Braintree; of Mr. NOCKOLDS, Land Agent, Saffron Walden ; aud of Mr. CHEFFINS, Saffron Walden, Essex. Cricklewood, near Kilburn, Middlesex. LOCAL EVENING SALE. "VfESSRS. JOSHUA RAKER and SON 1»-L (late Baker & Sons, of Kilburn). are instructed by Mr. A. Chesterman, who is retiring from business, to SELL by AUCTION on THURSDAY, April In 1890, at 8 o'clock in the evening, at The Crown Hotel, Cricklewood, three minutes from Cricklewood Station, Midland Railway. The long LEASE- HOLD PREMISES, well situate in the Edgware Road, Cricklewood, with frontage of 86 feet, and known as Ferncliff Villa, containing eight rooms, with three large Greenhouses, &c, and the Goodwill of the Established Florist's Business. Term, eighty-seven years unexpired at the very moderate ground rent vt£M) pel-annum. May be viewed. Particulars and conditions of Sale on the premises, at the place of sale, of WILLIS SHORE, Esq.. Solicitor, 18, Russell Street, Covent Garden. W.C. ; and of Messrs. JOSHUA BAKER and SON. Land Agent-. Auctioneers and Surveyors, 106, High Road, Kilburn, N.W., and 13, Poultry, E.C. FOR SALE, a NURSERY containing 10 Houses, all heated with Hot-water, and well stocked. Garden Ground if required. For price, apply, Silver Hall Nursery, Isleworth. URSERY FOR SALErnear London. Well Stocked. Going concern. In thorough working order. Replete with best limiting Apparatus. A fortune for a prac- tical man with about £30U Apply, GIBBS. Australian Hotel, Langham Street, London. FLORISTS '—prominent position, large, fashionable watering place. Handsome Show Conserva- tory and go ,d Nursery on long Lease. Price, including four excellent Houses and good Stock of Plants, £800, or valuation. Part can remain. Premium -waived vo immediate buyer. First-rate chance for practical man. B. POMFRET, Valuer, Tunbridge Wells. rpO BE LET, One to Ten Acres of GRASS J_ LAND, ou Lease, for 99 years. Rent from £8 to £12 per acre, with option of purchase of the freehold within the first seven years. Near the Main Road, Enfield Highway, about 9 miles from London, Apply, HY. MOORE, .r>9, BisKbpsgate Street Within, E.C. rro LET, a well-established NURSERY, T condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. Poader's End, Middlesex (8^ Miles from London). •P<> BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and -L Arable LAND, on Lease for 81, 60, or 80 years. Kent from £i to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of Ihe Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can lie had. Apply to A. A si. G. QUIVER, Land Agents, render's End, Middlesex. Fifty Nurseries. Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. "ESSES. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' JRTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- i of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. */TESSR!= lfJL HORTI ORCHIDS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL CO. (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Are offering a fine lot of newly imported Dendrobium Wardia- num Lowii, D. Brymerianum (true long-bulbed variety), and many other tine Dendrobes and Orchids, also an immense sto;k of Established Orchids. LISTS with Prices and particu- lars post-free on application to the Company, THE VINEYARD AND NURSERIES, GARSTON, near LIVERPOOL. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Evidence of quality. Seed saved from Prize Plants. Iu illustrated Packets, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. 6rf., and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Gd. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from \Js.toA'2s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING and SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. RTICHOKES, JERUSALEM. A Ton for Sale. Tine tubers. H. CANNELL AND SONS, Eynsford, Kent. r>EVUE de THORTICULTUKE BELGE \j et ETRA^GIHRE (Belgian and Foreign Horticultural Review)— 13th year. —Among the principal Contributors are : — A. Allard, E. Andre, C. Baltet, F. Burvenich, F. Crepin, O. de Kerchove de lu-nterghem, P. E. de Puydt, A. M. C. Jongkindt Coninck, J. Kickx, T. Moore, C. Naudin, B. Oliveira, H. Ortgies, E. Pynaert, E. Rodigas, O. Thomas, A. van Geert Son, H. J. van Hulle, J. van Volxem, H. J. Veitch, A. West- mael, and P. Wolkenstein. This illustrated Journal appears on the 1st of every month, in parts of 24 pages. Svo, with two coloured Plates and numerous Engravings. Terms of Subscription for the United Kingdom:— One year, 14s. payable in advance. Publishing Office : 134, Rue de Bruxelles, Ghent, Belgium. Post-office Orders to be made payable to M. E. PYNAERT, Ghent. A FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. ROSES. 20 Acres. Bushes 8s. per dozen, 605. per 100. 9° Packing and Carriage Free for Cash with Order. ROSES IN POTS from 15s. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Acres. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12s., 18s., and 24s. per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. VEGE™dLFARFML0WER' Descriptive LISTS free. RIGHARD SMITH & GO., WORCESTER. SEED POTATOS. To Grow in GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION. THE KEAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A White Elephant Potato with a pure white skin— a great improvementon the old variety. Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send for Descriptive CATALOGUE, the most complete in the Trade, containing description of most sorts worth growing. J. WaTKINS, Potato Grower, POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. 'S " UNIVERSAL" COLLECTIONS FOR ONE YEAR'S SUPPLY. VEGETABLES. -2s. (W., 5s., 10s. ad., 15s., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s. and 63s. FLOWERS.— Is., 2s. 6.1. , 5s., 10s. ad., 15s., 21s., 31s. ad., & l.'s. All 'post-free or carriage paid. We offer £5 5s. PRIZES FOR SIX ONIONS. Full particulars in our Large Seed Manual gratis and post-free. J ARM AN & C O . , SOMERSETSHIRE. CHEAP OFFER of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. EXPIRATION of LEASE.— A Large Quan- tity of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS to be SOLD CHEAP, owing to the above cause. Full particulars on application to The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Ltd The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. SUPERIOR dwarf EVERCREEN LAWN CRASS SEEDS. Thoroughly cleaned and made perfectly free from Weeds. BEST MIXTURE, excluding Ryegrass, Is. 3d. per lb., 135s. per cwt. CHEAPER MIXTURE, including a limited proportion of Ryegrass, Is. per lb., 105s. per cwt. Delivered Free by Sail or Parcel Post. DlGKSONS Seed Growers Nurserymen. &c, CHESTER GEORGE COOPER, Seedsman, Bedford. Special offer. Terms, cash :— BEANS, Dwarf French, Ne PIU9 Ultra ... 16s. Od. per bushel. ,, ,, Canadian Wonder 13s. Od. „ ,, Early Longpod 5s. ad. ,, PEAS, Leicester Defiance 10s. Od. ,, „ Ne Plus Ultra 12s. Od. BF.ET. Nuttings. Dwarf Red, improved... Is. ad. per lb. CARROT. James Scarlet, Intermediate ... 5rjs. Od. per cwt. „ St. Valery 70s. Od. .. Chantenay 75s. Od. „ ONION, Bedfordshire Champion 5s. ad. per lb. „ Silver-skin, for pickling 2s. ad. PARSNIP. Improved Hollow Crown ... 32s. Od. per cwt. .. „ Elcombe's 35s. Od. „ Apbii. 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 411 PEARSON'S SEEDS are not ALL HUME GROWN; but some are imported from the Continent, and others are procured direct from Specialists, and Sold to the Public without being re-christened. No effort is spared to have the best of everything. CATALOGUE free on applica- tion : Prices extremely moderate. No coloured plates, but value given in seeds. Established 1732. .1. R. PEARSON ASD SONS. Chilwell Nurseries, Notts. Must be Sold. pCELOGYXE CRISTATA, the Chatsworth, \J and other varieties, well^rown with bloom spikes and cheap. [Trustees of the late J. STEVENSON', Timp^rk-y Cheshire. OTAT08 " Bedfordshire-grown" POTATOS. Highly recommended to all "who require change of seed." Special cash offer: — Hyatt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance, Beauty of Hebron, New Early Monarch, School- master, Sutton's Early Regents, White Elephants, Reading Russetts. Early Rose, Imperators (large), and Vicar of Laleham, all at £3 10s. per ton, 4s. 6d. per cwt. Magnum Bonum. " Sutton's," 505. per ton, 3s. per cwt. Free delivery on to rail (Great Northern Railway). B;igsineluded for cash with orders. — FREDK. GEE, Riverford House. Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. (Please name Gardeners' Chronicle when ordering.) X T R A LARGE PALMS for Winter Gardens, Sec. 25 SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, . _ 10 ARECA LUTEA and A. BAUERtI, J ,o* "ST. . 10 KE.NTIA EEI.MOKEANA, > C- ? -fi 10 ,. FOSTERIANA. | high, with 30 COCOS FLEXUOSA and PLUMOSA, &c. ' ma"5' leaTes' Also a very fine selection of the above varieties from 6 to 10 feet high, in the most perfect condition for decorative purposes. W. ICETON, Putney Park L: , S.W. JOSIAH H. BATH offers the following varieties of SEED POTATOS :— Old Ashleaf Vicar of Laleham Rivers' Royal do. Fortyfold Myatt's Prolific do. Imperator Snowdrop Kidney Magnum Bonum White Elephant Early Rose Beauty of Hebron Regent Snowtlake Schoolmaster And other leading varieties. Prices on application to— 1. York Street, Borough Market, S.E. Seed Potatos. and F. SITARI'E have still in stock the i following varieties of SEED POTATOS. which they offering at very low prices : H Siuidringham Kidney River's Royal Ashleaf Alma Kidney (M,l l-Meaf kidney I I U.tario Soowdrop ol Hebron Duke of Albany American Early Rose White Elephant Covem G Schoolmaster Kurly Oxford Button's M isterpiece Beading Hero Best of All Queen of the Valley Village Blacksmith And many oth The above have been; ten's fniprove.1 Ashleaf Hyatt - Prolific Ashleaf rehire Kidney Mon i Pride Snowflake tuty of Hebron Pride of America Extra Early Vermont Lady Uundas Early Dalmahov Red-skin Flourball Russet Adirondack Magnum Bonum r kinds. preasly tor Bead, id we Bed. SEED ORoWlSd kstm:i isii.mk.nt, \visi:kch. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHOKN. Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey; and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C. r?^ TTAKKY FLOWERS. — All lovely llT*9 XI iiam*l kinds. 12 Delphiniums, 8». ; 12 Her- Pa» 3, 8 . ; 19 PotenUUas, 6».; 12 Pyrethrums, 6», CATALOGUE, 160 pages, three stamps. OLIBRAN, Oldtield Nursery, AIM mlioter. Paul's Fruiting Vines. PAIL and SON have a large stock of their magnificent Canes which would give good resultsfor either Planting or Fruiting m i'..i .. The " i Hd " Niir eries, Chi hunt, N. CI , I V IAS.— Now in Full Bloom.— LAINGS' SUPERB COLLECTION of these Magnificent r. ind which has been award..! several Medals), should be seen to he realised, inspection oordfilly invited. Free admission. CATAI.(H,t'KS,],i,.l tr.-. . I''r.nu.M,f trains from the City and Weal End t • Catford Bridge (S.E.R.), and Forest Hill (Lit. & SCR.) Stations. ■ IOH.N I.MNIi ami SONS, New Plant Merchants, ]■„,,. ,t Hill, London, S.E. I K. DIXON'S " PRESIDENT CAJKNOT " fj a BRUSSELS SPEOl D8, J. E. D. will be able to supplv this extraordinary fine strain at Is. per packet, for season 1800. The following testimonial (u I many similar) lois been received from— Mr. QKOBG-E Simmers, Gardener to the Earl of Scarbrough : — "in ah Sib, I have grown your President Carnot Brussels Sprouts by the side of several oilier well known varieties, and have come to the conclusion that it is the hardiest and best variety grown." London Wholesale Agents:— U'.TRST »Jn SON. 152, Souud*- ditch, E.; COOPER, TABER and CO. (Limited), 90, South- wiirk Street, Borough, B.B. .[(llt.N ETHEKINOTON DIXON (second eon of the late Edmund Philip Dixon, Seed Merchant, Hull), Seedsman, 31 and 23, Lord Street, Gainsborough. FUCHSIAS, strong and well-rooted, in 50 best vara., Double and Single, 8s. per 100. for cash. S. MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Fartiham, Surrey. WHEELER'S SUPERB CALCEOLARIA. (\ A We can specially recommend our strain of Calceo- laria. The flowers are bold, welt formed, and beau- tifully spotted ; the variety of shades of self colours also render them nio^t attractive. The burses are well thrown up above the rich broad foliage, thus forming perfect pyramids of bloom. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. 6d.( post-free. "I am more than delighted with the Calceolarias grown from your Seed; they are greatly admired bv all them." Bars. W. DAY. " I have been for some time intending to write to state how beautiful our plants of Calceolaria, from your seeds, have been thi» year. Such a collection as our? I have nowhere seen, and they have gained the highest praises." W, W. PHILLIPS. A PRICE D 1. I S l oi WHEELER'S i LOWEB SEEDS irill al Gratia and Posl Free. It comprises upward.-* of a thousand of the Oh ■■■: WHEELER & SON, SEED GROWERS, GLO U C E S T E R. GOLDEN GEM CALCEOLARIAS, 6s. per 100, 60s per 1000. CABNA.TIONS- Bcarbro' Beauty, fine scarlet, 18». per dozen ; Mr-,. Fawcett. fine white, 10 per dozen. PINK— Mrs. Welah, splendid new ■■■■ PENTSTEMON John Q per dozi a. OERANII'Ms - Niphetos and Qui i ;. .1 per dozen. SAXTFRAG 1 SB LNDLATA PLENO, 0 .peri All >.* pt I TRADE PR H'E 11 s APPLICATION. GEO. HOLMES, II A X I! V R 0 A D, V O K K . l'K'O'l' 1: i:,s, imed. c A A K N A T I 9 N S and All the l r sorts. As, $d. ; 25 for Is. per doz. Herbaceous, Alpine, nilTnnilP nml K("'k )>hil'u- l- *-lianuing Unds. 4«. and UU I UUUn Bf. per doz. Iris ochrolenca var. gigantea, The Queen ol In-, grand white blooms, 2s. each ; 18*. per do/,. CI LOU/CDC li:"- W*ll"»rr Hulhhocks, 4s. per do,.,,; -.'. rLUlfLnO. for7». CATALOG! E. 160 pages, 3 stamps. CLIRK v>'. Oldtield Nursery. Altrinchiim and Manchester. EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Prices reduced. Itfrs. S. Colem m, Ad.i SpanMin^, from 5s. to a; John Lambert, Mr. J.Clarke, Violet Rose, Advance, Coronet, from 3*. tyt. to 2*. 6d. each; Mrs. A. Hardy, Com- motion. Mrs. Win. Barr, Madame A. Carri&re, Rrynwood, Llewellyn, from 2*. 6d to! (Jrf. i tch; S'ymphea, Countess of Lytton, Sir Joseph. Mrs. F. Jameson, Miss Haggas, Violet Tomlin, from 1*. t5d. to It. each. CATALOGUE free. R, OWEN, Floral Nursery, Maidenhead. 3,000,000 K'":," ^""0Ns. P0HTICDM3, 0 to 9 inches, LOs. per 100, 8$.$erl 9 to 12 inches, 13i, per Mi. 110s. jier 1000; 1-Moln inches, 18s. per 100. 180s. i»-r 1000. CATAWBIENSA HYBRIBA, 6 to 9 inches, 12s. per 100, 100s. per 1000 ; 9 to 12 inches, 15 . per 100, 120s. per 1U0O; 12 to 18 inches, 20s. per 100. 180s. per 1U00; IS to 20 inches, 24s. per 100, 220s. per 1000. All the above are nice bushy plants, twice and thrice transplanted. For choice named varieties see CATALOGUE, free on application to JAMES SMITH iNI> SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. BOROUGH OF BURNLEY. T j Landscape Gardeners and Others. THE TOWN HALL, PARKS, AND ESTATES COMMITTEE of the Corporation of Burnley, invite Competition DESIGNS FOR LAYING-OUT A PLOT OF LAND us a Public Park at Burnlev. For which the following premiums will be awarded :— First Premium. £20 ; Second Premium, £5. Lithographed Plan of Site, and particulars may be obtained ou and after THURSDAY the 27th inst., ou application to the BOROUGH SURVEYOR, on payment of a deposit of 10s. td., ill be returned on receipt of a bond fide design. in not later than Thursday, the 18th ROBERT E. FOX, Town Clerk. Town Hall, Burnley.— March 21. 1890. AILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, via Queeuborough, Flushing, Kal- denkirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-lluncarian Posts, is specially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, &c. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariffs free on application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST. RYLEY ami CO.. SS, Bisbupsgate Street, Loudon, E.C. Receiving Office at Holborn Viaduct Station. i hich i Designs must be se day of April, lSHO. BR. I "A VIS'S New, Eare, and Beautiful • BEGONIAS. The best Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. Begonias for Eihibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding. Double and Single. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. CHARMING HARDY FLOWERS. — For plenty of bloom plant Antirrhinums, Pentstemoua, Phloxes, aU Darned sorts, 35. 8d. per dozen. OLD FASHIONED FAVOURITES.— Fine Seedling Auriculas, :is. per doz. Polyanthus, Is. per doz. ; 5.t. per 100. Primrose, splendid strain, all colours. Is. per doz. ; 6>, per 100. New LIST, ltiu pages, three stamps. CLIBRAN, Oldfleld Nursery, Altriuchum and Manchester. First Prize Amaryllis. T3AU1, ami SON'S Collections in Bloom. Ni:\\ CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — LAINGS COLLECTION for quality, quantity, and correctness innot be sir] i ,..!. In, i Gold Molds uud Six 1st Prizes in 1889. BEST snKIS and NOVELTIES:— Ada Spaulding, .Mrs. Coleman, John Lambert, John Doughty, Volunteer, si ni-lr.id Sorpnsr, m iii.ir:,,! White, Mrs. Alphcus Hardy, &c. Send for Descriptive LIST, and give a (rial order. JOHN LAINi; ami SUNS, Chrysanthemum Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. Special cheap Offer. TSAAC MATTHEWS and SONS have to -L offer 100.000 very line plants of RHODODENDRON for fori ing, Cunningham's White, Jaoksonii, Oaucasicum pictum. I "Mill M RHODODENDRON, from 3 to « inches, and mt-Tiii. siia!,. st/.-s up to ■! feet, about 000,000 ; Seedling Hvbnds, in si/.s from I to ti inches to .! feet, about 400,000. HOLLIES. Common LAURELS, Portugal LAURELS, English YEWS, cri'KESSrs RETINOSPORA, AZALEAS, - K), strong I vr. and IS yr. THORN QUICK. For prices and particulars apply to t lie Nurseries, Milton and Wetley Moor, Stoke on Trent. QPECIAX OFFER. — UDONTOGLOSSUM O ROSSII MA.IUS. in 7-inch pots. 6s. each, five for £1 ; 5-inch pots, '.is. each, five for 12s. ; 4-inch pots, 2s. each, six for 0.,'., twelve for 16s. Case and packing free. Slrong established healthy plants, worth double. Compulsory Sale. W. H. HUDSON, Tottenham, London. SPECIAL OFFER. — LILIUM KRAMERI O (Pink Lily), fine strong bulbs, Is,, &?.. and 9s. per dozen, ridiculously low ]iri«,-H. L. MACRANTHUM, a lovely Lily, 2s. each. 20s. per dozen — fine for exhibition. Special LILY LIST free on application. Thirty varieties on offer. W. M. MI'lfSdN, West Ureen Road, TutU?nhuni, London. " Now Is the Time to Plant Treea." ROliKKT NKAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others) who intend pl:mt in ' I J i i *-» w-:i-i-n, 1 1> his 1. 1 r;j-< ■ find varied stock of Shrubs, Stiindard, Ornameiitul, and FnKKS'l' TRICKS, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, t'LIMRINii PLANTS, Ac, which, beinff well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, ana having been grown in th« vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries, Trinity Road, Wandsworth Common. ROSES, Niphetos and others, splendid plants, clean and healthy, in 32, 24, and 16-size pots, prices from .'{Us. to 42s. per dozen. ROSES, H.P.'s, best sorts, clean, healthy, and well-grown, showing flower-buds, 21s, to3iJ.s\ per dozen. The following will I"' i>n. -red PMrpi iuu:illy ch.,*ap to clear, room wanted: Double White PRIMULAS, POLYANTHUS, SWEET WILLIAMS, WALLFLOWERS, AURICULAS, PANSIES, &c. Price on application, according to quantity. Packing free for cash with order. XV. STURT & CO., Nurserymen, High Street, Tuubridge Wells. 412 THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE. [Apeil 5, 1890. ROSES. ROSES. THE BEST and CHEAPEST in the World. 10 acres of Roses. 100.000 grand plants to select from. All have been kept moved back, and will plant now with safety 50 choice Perpctuals. 50 sorts, 21s.; 20 choice Standards, ■'0 sorts 21s.; 20 choice Half-staudnrds. 20 sorts. 12s. U. The following are all carriage free:-24 choice Dwarf Teas and Noisettes, 12s. 6rf. ; 12 choice Climbing, 6s. ; 12 best Hybrid Perpetuals, Dwarfs. 7s.; 12 beautiful Teas and Noisettes, 9s.; 6 lovely yellow Roses, 4s. 6<(. ; 6 Marechal Niels. 4s. M. ; 6 Gloir'e de Dijons. 4s. ; ft choice Moss Roses, 3s. 6rf. ; 6 old Cabbage Roses, 3s. M. ; 6 Old-fashioned Roses, 3s. 6d. ; 6 crim- son Monthly Roses, 3s. ; 6 pink Monthly Roses, 2s. 6r/. ; 6 white Monthly Roses. 3s. ; 6 quick-growing Climbing Roses, 2s. 6rf. ; 12 Sweet Briars. 3s. My selection, cash with order. Thousands of Testimonials. Catalogues free. JAMES WALTERS, Rose Grower, Exeter. BARNES' RELIABLE SEEDS. Before obtaining your supply of Seeds for the season send for BARNES' DESCRIPTtVE CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free. Save 15 to 25 per Cent, by purchasing Best QuALITi" ONLY. J. E. BARNES, Seed-grower and Seedsman, Exchange Street, Norwich. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, CLOVES and PINKS. CHARLES TURNER'S extensive Collections of the above are now ready for planting out. CATALOGUE free on application. THE ROYAL NURSERIES. SLOUGH. KELWAY'S GOLD MEDAL CS8) SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI, P/EONIES. PYRETHRUMS, GAILLARDIAS, DELPHINIUMS, &c. CATALOGUES now ready, gratis and posWree, containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our Specialties for 1890, and everything needful for the Garden. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, And you will pronounce them the Best in the Market, as none but genuine, good, new season's see Is are supplied. THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED Of Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. BIDDLES & CO., The PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH, LEICESTERSHIRE. EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. FOB DIRECT IMPORTATION. WE shall be glad to receive Orders for Mr. J. C. V. RAVENSWAY, for any of the EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS for importation during the coming season. He is well known as a careful collector, and thoroughly under- stands how to prepare and pack for shipment. We only charge for Plants that arrive in good condition, and prices can be obtained on application to — WALTER KEMSLEY & CO., 147, LEADENHALL STREET, LONDON, E.C. FERNS a SPECIALITY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. 1400 species and varieties of stove, greenhouse and hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive Li3t of useful Gardening Books, freeon application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on thecultivationof Ferns. OneShilling and Sixpence, post-free. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. FARM ROOT SEEDS. CHARLES SHARPE & GO. "WILL SEND SPECIAL QUOTATIONS OF THEIR HOME-GROWN FARM SEEDS ON APPLICATION, SLEAFORD. CUTBUSH'S MILL- track MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price 6s. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or tid. per cake; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unleasin sealed pack- ages and priuted cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH and SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries, N. V The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. 6rf. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. iiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiHiiiniin 1EYERGREENS.1 | HARDILY-GROWN. STOCK UNEQUALLED. | | Special Prices, with Catalogue, post Free\ I DlCKSONSii^-CHESTER.I £ (Limited.) Siuiiiini < iiininliiiiiiiiiuiiiuiil iiiiiiiici IIHIIIIIIHU3 SHARPE'S "TRIUMPH" PEA (Charles Sharpe & Co., Sleaford) THE PEA for Sowing in the neighbourhood of Large Towns. See THE GARDEN, March 22, 1390. "On our deep cold clay, with an atmosphere loaded with smoke (near St. Helen's, Lancashire), this Pea made a free growth, about 3 feet high, producing a heavy crop of well filled pods. It is a Dwarf Blue Wrinkled Marrow, with an excellent flavour." Price, per Pint packet. Is. ; Quart packet, 2a. TRADE PRICE ON APPLICATION. Purchase direct from the Raisers t— CHARLES SHARPE &. CO., Seed Farmers and Merchants, SLEAFORD, LINCOLNSHIRE. WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from the roots of large Specimen Plants, Pots, Lawns. &c. It is easily and cheaply applied, and will not harm the most delicate plant. In bottles. Is., 2s. 6d., 7s., and 12s. 6d. each. FOWLER'S GARDENERS' INSECTICIDE for destroying and preventing Insects. Blight, and Mildew infesting Plants and Trees. It is easily applied, either by Dipping. Syringing. Sponging, or as a Winter Dressing. Does not require cleansing off with water; will not stain or injure any more than plain water; and gives the foliage a bright, clean, and healthy appearance. In Jars. Is. 6a., 3s., 5s. 6<2. and 10s. ; and in Kegs, 28 lb., 21s. ; 56 lb., 42s. ; 1121b., Sis. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the Special Eradication of this most troublesome of Stovehouse Plant Pests. It is easily applied, either with a small brush or vaporiser ; is instant destruction to both insects and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. In Bottles, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s., and 10s. ; Half-gallon, 21s. ; One Gallon, 42s. each. ELLIOT'S "SUMMER CLOUD" SHAD- ING, for Greenhouses, Conservatories. Skylights, and all Glass Structures that require Shading Material. Iu packets, Is. each. EWING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. In Bottles, Is. 6o\ and 3s. each ; per gallon, 12s. TOBACCO JUICE, extra strong, specially pre- pared for evaporating. 10s. id. per Gallon. UNEQUALLED AS A DRESSING FOR LAWNS AND FOR DESTRUCTION Of WEEDS. A trial Tin will prove its elllcacy. PRICES ;— In Tins, Is., 2s. 6d., 5s.; and in Casks, 8s. 6d., 16s., 30s. SOLE MANUFACTURERS : CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd,, 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins. 2Cs. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg. 7 ft. by 3 ft. Sins., 12s. doz SPEOIALITE TOBACCO PAPER. lOd. per lb.. 28 lb. for 21s TOBACCO CLOTH. Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT 8s. per sack. PEAT, LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchnnge Warehouses. Southwark Street. London. S.E. W. WOOD & SON'S Specially Prepared MANURE FOR LAWN TENNIS and CRICKET GROUNDS. Now is the Time for Using it. From Mr. PERKINS, Gardener to Rt. Hon. W. H. Smith., M.P. " June 2nd, 1889. " Your Special Lawn Manure has proved quile a success. It has killed all the Moss, and stimu- lated the Grass and Clover most wonderfully. I shall use it again next October." Price 15s. per Cwt. W. WOOD & SON, Wood Green, LONDON, N. / \ MOST EFFECTIVE I SAFEST TOBACCO ?k?ir\\ "Improved & only Genuine Medicated" /O per lb. Circular, with testimonials. Post Free. \ DICKS0NS %eei M Nurserymi ^CHESTER./1 BEESON'S MANURE— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Said in Tins, Is., 2s. 6d., 6f. id., and 10s. id. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13». By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. Apbil 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 413 th:e GARDENERS' CHRONICLE ("THE TIMES OF HORTICULTURE") M Hfflltikly ElluStratetr journal (Established 1841) CONTAINS ARTICLES ON ALL DEPARTMENTS OF GARDENING, NOTICES of all HORTICULTURAL MATTERS of CURRENT INTEREST, Reports of Exhibitions, Reviews of Books, and Home, Colonial, and Foreign Correspondence. Original Illustrations by W. H. FITCH, F.L.S., W. G. SMITH, F.L.S., W. J. WELCH, and Others. Among the Contributors to recent Volumes the following, out of many hundreds, may be named : — ALPINE PLANTS :- BACKHOUSE, J., York. CHURCHILL, G. C, Clifton. Bristol. CORREVON, H.. Geneva. DEWAR, D., Kew. DOD. Rev. C. W., Malpas. JENKINS, E.. Hampton. AMATEUR GARDENING :- BADGER. E. W. BOYLE, Hon. Mrs. IE. V. B.). BRIGHT, the late H. A. ("Notes from a Lancashire Garden"). CLARKE, Col. Trevor. F.WBANK. Rev. H., Ryde. WILSON, G., F.R.S., Weybridge. ARBORETUM :- BARRON, W.. Borrowash. DIECK. Dr., Meraeburgh, Germany. NICHOLSON, G., Curator, Royal Gar- dens, Kew. SARGENT. Prof.. Arnold Arboretum, Cambridge, U.S.A. YEO, I). J., Lyneham. YOUNG. Maurice. Godalming. VAN VOLXEM, J.. Brussels. BEE-KEEPING - CHITTY, W..Pewsev. ROBINSON. J. F. CHEMISTRY t- OHURCH, Prof., Kew. DEHERAIN, Prof., Paris. DYER. Bernard. GILBERT. Prof.. Rnthamsted. LAWKS. Sir J. B., Rothamsted. MITCHELL, W. 8. WAUIM,|o\, R. Kothamsted. WILLIS. J. J., Rothamsted. DISEASES OF PLANTS i— ARTHPR, Prof.. Hew York. BASTIAN. Dr. Charlton, F.R.S. BOS. Dr. P.it/ema. Wugrningen. COOKE. Dr. M. 0., K™. MURRAY, G.. British Museum. PAGET, Sir Janus, F.R.S. PHTLTPP8, W. PLO WRIGHT, C. B., King's Lynn. s\ii ill, w. G. NOKAUKK. Prof.. Proskau. [Forestry. WAKD. Pruf. Marshall, School of FERNS :- BAKER. J. G., Royal Gardens, Kew. DBTJERY, C. HEMSLEY, A. LOWE, Dr , Chepstow. FLORISTS' FLOWERS :— DEAN, R., Ealing. DODWF.LL. E. S., Oxford. D'OMRRAIN. K.-v. H. H., Westwell. DOUGLAS, J., Ilford. DOWNTE, J., Edinburgh. HORNER, Rev. F. D. MOLYNEUX, E. PAUL, G., Paisley. TURNER. C. the late. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCES- ANDRE. E.. Paris. BENNET. H.. M.D., Mentone. BERGMAN, E„ Ferrieres. BUNYARD, H., New York. CAKUEL, Prof., Florence. COSTERUS. Dr., Amsterdam. (LOS. I'rof., Toulouse. CREPIN. Director Botanic Garden DAMMAR, Dr. Udo. Berlin. [Brussels' DE BOSSCHERK. C , Lierre llehrium DE MAR. J. A.. Boston. U.S. A DEVAN8AYB, A. de la, Angrem. FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE :- DRUDE. Prof., Dres Eg Sh 2 W Si o rn Bo "9 8> l# |o %o 3d B 0 a W SB JOHN SHARPE & SON'S "FARM SEED LIST" f JFtft? 6c forwarded, Free of Charge, on 5? enquiry to John Sharpe & Son, Seed Growing Establishment, BARDNEY, LINCOLNSHIRE. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER, DERBYSHIRE, Begs to inform the Tellers of this Paper that he is pre- pared to execute Orders for the following Plants, all of which areof the viry finest strains that money can buy. They have all beengroum on the Derbyshire hills, and are hardy and strong. Carriage free. Cash with order. Descriptive LIST, -id. ; free to customers. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Special culture, not a collection of old-fashioned sorts, but the cream only of the best English, Freoch, American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good well- rooted plant?, 12 for 2s. ; 25 for 3s. 6d.. warranted true to name; 12 varieties, all new of 1888 and 1889, for 4s. PANSIES.— A great Specialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prizes. The cream only of the most noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named. Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s., 25 for .3?. 6a., free. Also Seed, Is. and 2s. 6tf. perpkt. PHLOX, special culture, the cream only from Downie, Laird & Sons, Kelway, Ware, and other first- class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s., 12 for 3s., true to name. Strong stools, to bloum well. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— Strong layers, to bloom well, finest named varieties. 12 distinct colours for 4s., 25 for 7s. 6d. Also Seed, Is. and 2s. $d. per packet. C'VVNTKKIU'UV l'»i;i.l.>,- (irand new colours J and new forms; double and single, telescopes, cup and saucer, and other varieties, 12 plants, to bloom well, Is. 64. ; 25, 2s. <3rN ; 13 beautiful varieties fur 2s. »W., 6 for Is. 6ii„ 100. IS*. FANCY PANSIES.— Unnamed, 12 for Is. 9rf. ; 25 for 3s.; 100 for 10s. All differentand firalclu'* -nrr., HE NEW DOUBLE SCARLET GEUM, hardy free bloomer, strong two-year-old plants, 12 for 1». id., 25 for 2». id. Also ft-/, and 1 s. per packet. UKICULA (Alpines), A splendid colleo- tion. Strong plants to bloom well, most beautiful colours and sweetly scented, 12 fur :ls. ; 25s. for 5s. id Seed, fid. and Is. |>er packet. Also 11 MCI LA, Che ret Dusty Miller, sweetly seen .; tXoi TTHREE WHITE GEMS, CAMPANULA JL PERSICTFOLIA, Sing! White, Double White, and COBONATA, all quite n irdj in ; unri' ailed lor i il 3 of each for 2s. THHREE WHITE HARDY BEAUTIES JL GNAPHALIUM LANAT1 VI, everlasting, last for years after being cut. HERTS CORiTOLIA, evergreen, and pure white flow.-rs; AQOTLEGIA ALBA, the largeel pure white, 1 each for Is. id., 2 each for 2s. fill. DWEETLY- SCENTED, OwHITK PDtKB. quite hardy TOMATOS.— The best sorts in cultivation. See Chiawick Great Tomato Trial. U. M. per dozen. TTWO GEMi; PRIMULA CORTUSOibES A and PRIMULA CASHMERIANA, Gardening papers sav it would be difficult to find m beautiful plants for the : , Borders, or Green] i thoaaj H. each. Is. «d. ; 4 each, 2s. M. Also Prim , thi Queen ol Primulas, fleggie's International Prize, 3 distinct varieties named for 2s. ?9 HARDY PERENNIAL BORDER ' " PLANTS (nam.] I. distinct and useful for decoration and cutting purposes, for 2s. lO VARIETIES of SHOWY, Free-flowering, 1-* and other WINDOW PLANTS (named), for 2s. NEW STRAWBERRY, NOBLE (Laxton'a). —This is, without doubt, the earliest, handsomest, largest, and best Strawberry in cultivation ; 12 fruitiog plants for Is. 6i.. 25 for 2s. 6''.. 100 for 7s. M. STRAWBERRY PLANTS.— Selected Crowns for fruiting this year; British Queen. Pauline. Sabreuf, Vicomtesse H. de Thury, Duke of Edinburgh, King of the Earlies, Sir Harrv. Dr. Ho fhe <'.|.tnn, and I ■ 1 -r 100. Netv Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN 0PERATL0NS. Price 3d., Post-free 3|N PLANTS. \| 5 experience of London fog in its effects -*-'-*- on vegetation in general, and under glass more particularly, dates back to the autumn of L870, when I came first to reside within the fog radius. Cuming from the country, 1 followed in my practice the same lines in many respeots that were suitable there, and hoped for equally good results, but I was soon taught a lesson that was not forgotten. I had taken especial pains with Strawberries in pots for forcing during the latter part of the summer of that year, and was re- warded by obtaining as good a lot of plants as could be desired. I closed a vinery in the early part of November, and filled the shelves with Straw- berry plants, never dreaming of failure. The first intimation I received was a week or two after- wards when visited by Mr. (i. Baker, now the gardener at Membland Hall, who asked me what 1 thought I was going to wt from my Straw- berry plants, and added that I might as well spare myself any further trouble, and throw my plants away at once. I soon found out my mistake, for every pot failed to show bloom. I placed another batch in a vinery started on January I, and these were all that could be ilesncl, tine fruit being ripened by tin- end of March. Since then I have tried more than once, chiefly with my plants in 48-pots, the former baying been in .'52's, but the result was similar. Now I never attempt to start Strawberry forcing before the beginning of the new year, and even then it may be con- sidered a very risky proceeding for at least three weeks longer, and I doubt if there is any gain at all commensurate with the labour expended upon the preparation of the plants, in starting them before February 1. I have tried the best known early kinds, but the result is the same in nearly every instance ■ Keen's Seedling and Vicomtesse Hericart de Thnrj being the two best. 416 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. The great difficulty that I, in common with other gardeners, have experienced in Strawberry forcing is in getting the spikes to start away freely, the plants often opening only a few flowers close to the crown, and these in most cases fail to set. I have tried a greater degree of heat than is usual, with little better success in the case of the latter kind. The foliage will often get too far in advance of the spikes, causing the latter to be weaker still. Should a few days of foggy weather ensue just as they are in flower, the risk of not setting the fruit is further increased. The early forcing of Vines is also a difficult matter, and generally speaking a very tedious procedure, especially if these have been weakened by previous hard forcing. From the time of starting to the time of cutting the first ripe fruit, at least a fortnight longer must be allowed about London than in the country. The extremely small amount of sunshine in the winter, the overcast and gloomy sky through which the sun seldom penetrates, causes weakly growth and thin foliage, that lack the substance and vigour so essential to success. .Should a few days of foggy weather ensue just as the bunches are beginning to grow freely, and a few weeks before coming into flower, many of them will cease to grow, gradually turning yellow, and dying off. I have expe- rienced this evil to a serious extent, and where pre- viously I had a good show of bunches with a margin of superfluous ones, the number became so much re- duced as not to leave a fair crop. This, I know, happens in more favourable localities if root acticn is weakly, but worse will be the crop of Grapes, if this happen in the smcke radius. The late Mr. Woodbridge told me that at Syon House, even with only moderately early forcing, his Vines were not trusted to yield a good return after being planted more than ten years, an experience agreeing with mine. After that time the sooner young canes are planted the better. I am much in favour of employing pot Vines for the earliest and the succeeding crop of Grapes, rather than at an early date force Vines planted for a permanency. Should a turn of fog set in just as Peaches and Nectarines are expanding their blos- soms, these will be considerably weakened, and if, when in full bloom, the petals will drop prematurely, the result in both instances being a considerable diminution in the crop. The wood buds in the case of these fruits will also, if thinned out very early, get too far in advance of the fruit, and thus exhaust them and prevent them swelling off, as they should do in their earlier stages, in a kind manner. The thinning of the blossoms before expanding may do very well in the country districts, but we are only too glad to retain as many as we can through our critical periods. Thorough ripening of the wood, essential under all circumstances, is absolutely so under such conditions, and to bring about this, I may say I am no believer in removing the lights after the fruit is picked ; but prefer, rather, to rely upon a greater amount of heat thus gained to effect the purpose in view. The early forcing of Melons and Cucumbers has also to be proceeded with in a cautious manner, and if the first lot of plants should fail, it must not be wondered at. I have found, in both cases, that the foliage, by reason of its weak state, is very liable to be scalded by sunshine. To prevent this, light shading has to be resorted to, when under more favourable skies it would be looked upon as an unwise practice. The cultivation of the Tomato through the winter months within the London area is almost an impossibility, the plants soon losing their foliage ; Mr. Barron, at Chiswick, has had similar experience in the culture of this fruit in the winter. Turning from fruits to plants, no better results can be recorded, though the effects are not, in many cases, of so permanent a character. From the month of October onwards to the end of February, is the time when the most destruction occurs to the flowers. Many of the Orchids which flower during that season of the year fall a prey to the fog ; the Calanthes in particular, and Phala'nopsis in flower or bud, the latter falling off in a few days. The Cypripediums are not so much affected ; but Vandas are discoloured and rendered unsightly. Amongst stove plants, the Clerodendrons quickly suffer, espe- cially C. fallax, the flowers and buds of which will fall in a wholesale fashion ; Gardenias will turn yellow as soon as they expand, and Ixoras shed their flowers profusely. If Bouvardias are grown at all on the cool side or in too moist an atmosphere scarcely a flower will be left. Of green- house plants, the flowers of the Ericas, such as E. hyemalis, lose their otherwise bright colour, and the Epacrises look afterwards as if they had been scalded. Chrysanthemums do not last nearly so long as they should do, nor do they open anything like so well or display that intensity of colour that is peculiar to each kind. Camellias grow well, set their buds freely, and in some instances shed them almost as completely. I have taken every possible pains to prevent it, but thus far have not succeeded to my satisfaction. C. alba-plena, C. Lady Hume's Blush, and C. imbricata suffer the most, whilst C. Countess of Orkney rarely loses a bud, nor does C. Chandleri elegans. Pelar- goniums of the single zonal section, which have been prepared for winter flowering, are not to be relied upon during the prevalence of fogs, casting of the petals being then common. The double varieties are those best suited for the atmosphere of London. Tree Carnations, which in the country can be grown with ease, require the greatest care, even to attain to only moderate i esults. The double Primulasare another instance of plants, which unless a house is specially devoted to them, give but very poor return. Violets under glass, in pots or in frame, give scarcely any blooms. I have tried different methods, but can never succeed with any. After a severe fog the plants lose nearly all their foliage ; I can grow them very well up to the time the fogs arrive. The washing of the glass after foggy weather is indispens- able, and it does not do to rely upon a shower of rain to do this, as the matter deposited adheres much too tightly for that. The better plan is to tie an ordinary hair broom upon a longer handle, and then after syringing the glass, but taking care not to force water thiough the laps, loosen the deposit with the broom, and give another syringing which will send it into the gutters. I think that a slight increase in the temperatures at such times by fire-heat helps to prevent the fog from penetrating into the houses so much as it otherwise would do. The fogs vary greatly in humidity ; those that are the most destructive are, in my opinion, the dense yellow ones which do not embody so much moisture, but give a choking sensation in the throat when breathed. It is no uncommon thing for work of im- portance to have to be suspended when these fogs are at their worst. In the middle of the day I once tried tn read the print of an ordinary newspaper, but could not do so with certainty. Sometimes it is so dark that the watering of plants could not be pro- ceeded with in a proper manner. The fogs are generally worse after a few days' frost, and when the thermometer is rising. Fortunately for us we have been very free from any bad fogs since Christmas last, so that forcing in all departments has not been such a tax upon us as it generally is at this season of the year. Outside results I hope to touch upon shortly. J. Hudson, Gunnersbury. New or Noteworthy Plants. Japanese Maples as Decorative Plants. — These elegant plants are much used by Messrs. Hooper & Co. for the decoration of apartments, that part of their business known to the trade as " furnishing." A houseful of them at their Pine- apple Nursery exhibits great variety and beauty of leaf. The elegantly cut-leaved form, known as Acer Gordonii, is certainly one of the best, and the varieties of A. polymorphum have elegantly cut and variously tinted foliage. Mr. Willingham, the able manager here, says that, although hardy, the protec- tion of glass and a little gentle heat in spring is neces- sary, as the foliage is thus produced and the plants made fit for use earlier than if left unprotected. EUCHARIS BAKERIANA, N. E. Br. (n. *p.). Ik the number of its species Eucharis is becoming quite a respectable genus. Here is another new epecies (fig. 61), of which a specimen was recently sent to Kew by F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, the plant having been imported by that firm from Columbia. It is a distinct and well-marked plant, differing from the other species in its corona, and in having the tube of the flower of nearly equal diameter almost up to the top, being very little dilated at the throat, although, according to information kindly furnished by Mr. Weathers, one flower had its tube " constricted or attenuated at its base." The flowers are of good size, as may be seen from the accompanying woodcut, and it appears to me likely to prove nearly as good a decorative plant as E. amazonica, provided it can be induced to flower as freely. It is dedi- cated to my respected friend and colleague, Mr. J, G. Baker, the well-known authority on bulbous plants. The bulbs are ovoid, clothed with smooth brown scales. Leaves four or five to a bulb, 1A to 2 feet long, including the petiole ; the blade varies from ovate-elliptic to elliptic, acute, and is from 4 to 6 inches broad, and of a bright dark green colour. The scape is from 9.to 16 inches long, slightly com- pressed, and covered with a glaucous bloom. Umbels four to five flowered ; bracts two, broadly lanceolate, acute, Ik to 2 inches long. Pedicels 1£ to 2 inches long, green. Perianth-tube 1A inch long, white, rather abruptly curved at the base, cylindrical almost to the top, with the throat about j to J of an inch in diameter. The expanded flower about 2£ inches in diameter, pure white, or with six pale yellow stripes on the corona ; the segments oblong-lanceo- late, acute, l\ inch long, J to J of an inch broad ; corona funnel-shaped, f to J of an inch deep, and J to J§ of an inch in diameter, with two obtuse, oblong teeth between each pair of filaments; below these teeth the corona is somewhat plicately folded. Filaments short, about i of an inch long, narrowed upwards, anthers linear, versatile. Ovary about \ of an inch long and broad, trigonous, green ; ovules few in each cell, superposed. N. E. Brown, Herbarium, Kew. Masdevallia Lowii, Eolfe, n. sj>* This is a new and very pretty species, belonging to the section Saccolabiata, and with much of the general habit of M. Chimera, but totally distinct in its characters. It was introduced from the Cauca by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and flowered during last autumn. Its nearest ally is M. trinema, Rchb. f. (Flora, 1886, p. 558), described from dried specimens, and which I am not aware has ever been in cultiva- tion, but there are so many differences in the description that I think the present species must be quite distinct. As compared with all the species I have seen, our plant has two very marked characters. The lip is small, unusually fleshy, and so shallow as to be almost filled up by the three central keels and the numerous radiating ones, while the colour is light maroon-purple. The sepals are narrower than usual at the base, and then gradually attenuated right to the apex. The plant has now passed into * Masdevallia Lowii, Rolfe, n. sp. — Plant densely tufted, leaves lanceolate, subacute, bright green, 4 to 5J inches long, ^ to 1 inch broad. Scape horizontal or ascending. 6 to 7 inches long, -with about five sheathing bracts, producing two or more flowers in succession. Perianth tube open, 2 lines long ; free part of upper sepal narrowly triangular, 1 inch long, gradually passing into the slender tail, which is 7 to 8 line9 long; lateral sepals a little longer than dorsal one, otherwise not different, united for 3 to 4 lines; all the sepals minutely asperulous-pubescent, very densely marbled and dotted with dark maroon-purple on a pale ground ; tails palest green. Petals nearly 2 lines long, palest green, -with a purple line down centre of basal half; apex dull purple, a little club- shaped, with the usual keels and warts of this section. Lip pale maroon-purple, 3 lines long, basal portion with a pair of blunt curved keels ; apex fleshy, and scarcely saccate, with three longitudinal keels, and many radiating ones near margin. Ovary not winged ; column with three slender bristles at apex. April 5, 1890.1 THE GA RD ENER 8" CHR ONI CL E 417 the collection of S. Courtauld, Esq., Bocking Place, Braintree, Essex, from whom a second raceme has been received. It is an elegant and very distinct little plant, if. A. Rolfc, Herbarium, Kew. CAMELLIAS. One of the uses of conferences conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society consists in the re-kindling a partially extinguished interest in some particular flower. The Camellia might be fittingly made the subject of a conference in which the end just indicated, is kept in view. It is one of those flowers smiled upon for a time by fashion, but now in danger of being relegated to something like an undeserved obscurity. A warm meed of praise is due to Messrs. W, Paul & Son, of Waltham Cross, for the admirable representation of this fine winter and spring flower which they set forth at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society at the Drill Hall, on the 11th inst. One could see at a glance what a large number of fine becoming cupped ; but they are occasionally striped or flamed with white. There are some very attractive varieties among the rose-shades, such as Commendatore Betti, bright rose, a large and well-formed striking flower ; LAvenir, pale rosy-pink, somewhat reflexed, and very good ; Bella d'Arligmone, rose, with slight narrow veins, good shape. Elegans, bright pinkish- rose, semi-double ; Fatima, rose, with a white flake down each petal, good shape ; and Madame Lebois, deep rose, small in size, but of very fine shape. Of pink shades one of the most attractive is Coun- tess of Derby, soft pink, good shape, and very pleasing, as it is described as white, broadly flaked with rose. Baron de Vriere is also of a soft pink or peach shade, with a broad flame of white along each petal. A very delicate and pretty variety is to be found in Mrs. C. A. Hovey, of the same cha- racter as the foregoing, but paler in tint, small in size, but very pleasing. Adelina Benvenuti has a blush-pink ground, with slight carmine stripes, a charming variety when at its best. So is Madame FlO. til.— EICHARIS UAKEUIANA. (SEE P. 41G.) varieties are in cultivation ; and how much variation of colour they display. No other firm but this famed Hertfordshire one brings such a collection to London. There were to be seen the representatives of some fifty distinct varieties, but this is but a small part of what are grown, for Messrs. W. Paul & Son cata- logue as many as 22i> varieties, so that they are numerous enough. Foremost in this collection of cut blooms was C. II. Hovey, unequalled almost for the beauty of its form, and its brilliant hue of scarlet-crimson. So many blooms of this variety were shown, that it must not only be a popular one, but very free also. The old Mathotiana is large and darker, of a maroon-crimson, but of very fine form, and bold shell-like petals ; and, like the preceding, having a striking bold foliage. Marchioness of Exeter is of aline shade of rosy-scarlet; a truly grand flower, with a fine shell-like petal. Bealei, which is re- puted to be one of the best Camellias grown, is of a shaded crimson hue, small and somewhat thin, but with a finely-formed petal. Archduchesse Isabella de Toscana is also a tine crimson-shaded variety, of a dark reddish rose-hue, and fine petal ; a flower that cups a great deal. Rose de la Reine is of a similar shade of colour, but the petals reflex instead of Ambrose VerechaflVlt, delicate pink, with a distinct white margin to the petals— stout shell-like petals. Comtesse de Hainault is of a very delicate peach, paling to white on the petal edges, very pleasing indeed. The leading white-flowered varieties in the col- lection are Montironi, and its variety Vera, the former very pure and much reflexed ; the latter much more cupped, and having a delicate citron centre. Alba plena very good indeed; Countess of Orkney, very nearly pure white, but frequently flaked witli carmine ; Nymph Egeria, pure white, much reflexed ; and Princess Charlotte, pure white ; a fine flower, frequently faintly blotched with rose. The best blush-tinted flowers were Romaniensis, blush, with slight flakes of rose ; and Cup of Beauty, of similar character, and of perfect form. Of striped flowers, mention may be made of Arch- duke Carl, deep reddish-rose, flaked with white; Princess Clotilde, white, striped with carnation, semi-double ; and Prince Albert, white, blotched, and flaked with carnation ; very pleasing when in good character. Among the white varieties should be mentioned La vestale, which Mr. Harry Turner brought from Slough, and which was awarded a First-class Certi- ficate of merit. It is a very fine variety, with a large shell-like petal, full, handsomely reflexed, and said to be later in blooming than the old double white ; it is also very free, and a good grower. R.D. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GAR- DENING. (Continued from p. 259.) Elizabethan Gardening.* (a) The Flower Garden. — In a preceding article we noticed that in the latter part of the fifteenth century Flemish modes of decoration — railed beds and topiary-work — were introduced into English gardens, and that near the close of Henry VIII. 's reign, both the Italian and French t styles were im- ported into this country by the " bluff king's " gardeners. These three foreign styles were engrafted upon the " old English " garden, aud from this curious combination was evolved, late in the six- teenth century, our greatest national style, the so- called Elizabethan. In its broad characteristics this style is peculiarly well adapted to our English climate and scenery, and it certainly deserves a far more considerable share of popular favour than it now possesses. It is, indeed, strange that although so much attention has been paid of late years to the study of the Elizabethan style of domestic architecture for country residences, but little has been done for promoting a knowledge of the style of gardening which prevailed at the same time, and always accom- panied it as a very essential part of the design. It is customary to see a not despicable imitation of an Elizabethan house, surrounded by a garden in what is called the " Natural " style, which means a small lawn, with a few small flower-beds cut out upon it in an irregular manner, "after the fashion of the confectioner's ornaments on a tart; " or if a more ambitious style is attempted, it is either an Italian or French garden, altogether at variance with the style of the mansion. Even if an attempt is made to reproduce an Elizabethan garden, and the architect is consulted on its laying out, we shall probably find the " forlhrights," i.e., the principal walks, accurately set out ; but there the architect's knowledge usually ceases. He can plan a flat sur- face, intersected at right angles by broad straight walks ; but how to fill up the spaces between the intersections is generally considered out of his province. It was as if he had undertaken to erect a building, and having laid down the plans, and drawn the outlines in so far as the general masses went, and left all the detail and most delicate part of the design to the artisan to work out as beat he might. It would be obvious that such a man had not half learned his profession, and had undertaken more than he was able to perform ; yet few employers detect that the designer who leaves their gardens only half planned, with all the details of ornamentation shirked and omitted, is equally igno- rant of his profession, and lias no business to under- take the laying out of grounds. The architect feels conscious that he ought to be able to complete his work, and prepare a design for the surrounding of the house which he has built; and therefore, if appealed to, he undertakes it — though he rather despises the task — but being seldom appealed to, he neglects this part of his education, and is incom- petent to do the work. It was in Elizabethan times, however, the work of the architect to plan out the gardens attached to the villa ; and in old manuscript plans of houses,} and in early works on domestic • tinder this heading will be Included Early Jacobean gardening, wbicb it is impossible to keep distinct from Elizabethan. t The French Renaissance style was employed at West- minster as early as 1536 (see Privy Purse Expenses of Princess Mary, 1> 18). In 1561 we find Sir William Cecill carrying it out at Hurghley (see State Papers, Domestic, vol. xvii., p. 46) J and in lo83 Queen Elizabeth had it carried out in the Privy Garden at Hampton Court (see Gard. Chron., vol. iv., p. 7:17). I See a most interesting old collection of drawings by John Thorpe, one of the most celebrated of Elizabethan architects preserved in Sir John Soame's Museum. 418 THE GA I? DENE B S ' GHR 0 NI CL E. [Apeil 5, 1890. architecture, there is scarcely a ground-plot not laid out as a parterre or a labyrinth. That it is otherwise now is really the fault of the employer. When a man has built a house, he thinks he has done with the architect, and sends for the landscape gardener. The landscape gardener who, for the most part, is more ignorant of architecture than the architect is of landscape gardening, has not the remotest suspicion that the garden should harmonise with the house. He has certain rules, according to the fashion of the time, and whether appropriate or not, he lays out the garden according to those rules in the prevailing taste of the day. He has no more idea of appro- priateness than the milliner, to whom the prevailing fashion of the hour is the only guide, and with whom one pattern serves for all alike. Of course neither the milliner nor the gardener is to blame ; " while ignorance prevails among their employers, and fashion reigns sole arbiter, they must comply with their employer's demands ; for ruin would await the presumptuous heretic who dared to dispute fashions' decrees." * We said above that it was, in Elizabethan times, the work of the architect to plan out the garden attached to the mansion, and that he always con- sidered it strictly to be a purtenance and con- tinuation of the house. In order, therefore, to bring the garden into harmony with the building, and make it as a part thereof, he designed a large, broad, and raised terrace, t to run along the private front of the house, and command a view of the whole design. He then built broad flights of steps,} so as to connect the garden with the principal walks, which diverged in straight lines, and which were intersected by similar walks parallel to the terrace. The walks formed the main lines of the design, and the intermediate parallelograms were filled up with mazes or grass plots, or with beds and curious knots. Thus, a uniform plan, harmonising and answering to every feature of the house, was presented. The " forthrights " of the garden corresponded to the ground plan of the building, and the mazes and knots to its ornamental details, its pillasters, friezes, mul- lions, and carved capitals. The peculiar geometric tracery which surmounted so many Elizabethan buildings very closely corresponded to the geometric beds of the Elizabethan period. The shape of the Elizabethan garden was usually a square ; " the form," says William Lawson, § " that men like in general is a square ; " and Parkinson, writing in 1629, tells us that it was chosen in pre- ference to " an orbicular, a triangle, or an oblong, because it doth best agree with a man's dwelling." This square was generally enclosed by a high wall of brick, || or of stone, over which Rosemary was trained. Hentzner, who visited Hampton Court in 1598, mentions that he saw there " Rosemary so planted and nailed to the walls as to cover them entirely, which is a method," he continues, " exceed- ing common in England." Gerarde^ and Parkinson also tell us that it was the custom to plant it "in noblemen's and great men's orchards against brick walls." In the North of England, according to Lawson, the garden walls were often made of " drie earthe " instead of brick or stone, and when this was the case, it was customary to plant " thereon Wallflowers and divers sweet-smelling plants." Hedges were also commonly used to enclose the Elizabethan gardens. Bacon recommends that the garden " is best to be encompassed on all four sides with a stately arched edge ; the arches to rest upon pillars of carpenter's work, some 10 feet high, and 6 feet broad ; and the spaces between of the same * Fraser's Magazine, vol. hi., p. 102. t Of course these terraces were only to be found in the more stately mansions. The raised terrace still remains at Kirby, Northamptonshire, and many other places. I As at Coombe Abbey, Warwickshire. Here the garden porch led from a gallery on to a raised terrace which had steps down to the flower garden. Most of the houses of the cobility and gentry were similarly provided.— Richardson's Architectural Remains of the Reigns of Elizabeth and James /., p. 6. f A New Orchard (published in 1618). |l Shakespeare. Measure for Measure, iv. i. % Herbal (published 15.97), p. 1110. dimensions with the breadth of the arch." Quick- set * was the material generally used for such hedges, but Privet, Box, Holly, and other evergreen shrubs were sometimes employed ; with these, Roses, Sweetbriars, Honeysuckle, Rosemary, and other sweet-smelling plants were often interlaced.t The " ordering of the garden within the walls was," according to Lord Bacon, " left to variety of device." There were, however, certain features which were never absent from the Elizabethan flower garden. Parkinson, writing in 1629, enume- rates the principal of these. " In the garden," he says, " be squares and knots, beds, walks, a maize or wilderness, a rocke or mounte great Turkee jarres, .... and arbours." The walks which formed the main lines of the design, were " broad and longe, and covered with gravel, sand or turf." { When of grass, they were, it would seem from a passage in Lord Bacon's Essay on Gardens, sometimes planted with Burnet, wild Thyme, and Watermints,§ which, " being trodden upon and crushed, perfumed the air most delight- fully." The walks were also " eyther open or closed, eyther public or private. "|| Sometimes they were planted on both sides with Cypress or fruit trees."J" Describing the Cypress, Parkinson writes: — "For the goodly proportion this tree beareth, as also for his ever grene head, it is and hath beene of great account with all princes, both beyond and on this side of the sea, to plant them in rowes on both sides of some spatious walke, which, by reason of their highe growing, and little spreading, must be planted the thicker together, and so they give a pleasant and sweet shadow.'** Sometimes the main walks were bounded with trees, which were wrought into hedges and arched over at the top. These formed the "thicke pleached alleys" or "covert alleys," which are so often mentioned in Elizabethan poetry. Shakespeare, in Much Ado about Notliinq (act i., 6cene 2), tells us of Dom Pedro and Count Claudio walking in " a thick pleached It alley " of an orchar d and Lord Bacon speaks of a " covert alley upon carpenter's work about 12 feet in height, by which you may go in shade in your garden." Various kinds of shrubs were used for making these " pleached alleys." " Every man taketh what liketh him best," says Parkinson, " as either Privet alone or Sweet Bryar and Whitethorn interlaced together and Roses of one, two or more sorts placed here and there amongst them." Willows, Lime trees, Witch Elms,}} Horn- beams and Cornel trees were also used. Of the latter Parkinson writes : — " Some plant Cornel trees and plash them or keep them low to form them into a hedge ; and some again take a low prickly shrub that abidedth always green, called in Latin Pyracantha." After the " thick-pleached walks," the two most prominent features of the Elizabethan gardens were the mounts and arbours. In the larger gardens the mounts were generally raised in the centre of the square. " I wish," says Lord Bacon, " in the very middle, a fair mount, with three ascents and alleys, enough for four to walk abreast; which 1 would have to be perfect circles, without any bulwarks or embossments : and the whole mount to be 30 feet high surmounted by a fine banquetting-house with some chimneys neatly cast." Such a mount was to be seen at Hampton Court, Theobalds, and in many * The price of Quicksets ranged from \s, a thousand in 1583 to 2s. 6d. a thousand in 1601. Privet was sold by the burden, which averaged in price about Is. See Roger's Agricultural Prices, t Gerarde's Herbal, p. 1108. I Lawson, A new Orchard, p. 16. Bacon says that the walks were " spacious and fair." § Cammomile was also sometimes used. See Shakespeare, 1 Henry IV., ii.. 4. II Parkinson, Paradisus, .\c., p. 6. v Bacon's Essay on Gardens, ** Paradisus, \c, p. 602. Cypresses were thus planted at Sion, Greenwich, and at Hampstead, "in the garden of Master Warde, one of the clerks of His Majestie's Privy Counsell." See Gerarde, Herbal, p. 1185. H Compare also the " pleached bower " in the same play, H Used at Theobalds. See Voyages cetibres et renmrqnables, par Ic Sicur Jean Albert Mandclso. Amsterdam (ed. 1727), p. 738. other large gardens in the early seventeenth century. In smaller gardens " little mounts " were raised, and these, according to Lawson, were surmounted by small arbours " whereabout," as he says, " the Wood- bine may claspe." The Elizabethan garden was never without sundry arbours. " You may make herbers," says Thomas Hill,* " either Btraight run- ning up, or else vaulted or close over the head like to theVyne herbers now-a-dayes made." They were sometimes, as Spenser says, — Framed of wanton Ivy flowering fair, Through which the fragrant Eglantine did spread His prickly arms, entrailed with Roses red Which dainty odours round about them threw. Faery Queen, ii., v. 29. Often they were made of Quicksets,!' Privet,} or " of Roses trayled over trellis-work of Juniper wood or Willow poles," and " decked with that sweet tree or flower named Jacemine,' § or else with Rosemary,! Myrtle,^" Kidney Beans,** red Currants,1t Honey- suckle, single }{ and double ;§§ or with "Ladies Bowers both white, and red, and purple, single and double, which," says Parkinson, " are the fittest of all outlandish plants to set by arbours and banquet- ting houses, that are open both before and above to help to cover them, and to give both sight, smell and delight." {Paradisus, p. 10.) Mazes and labyrinths were probably to be seen only in the gardens of the richer classes of the commu- nity. Thomas Hill, writing in 1563, gives direc- tions for constructing a maze, and recommends that in the middle of it be made " a proper herber decked with Roses," or " else with some fayre tree of Rosemary, or other fruit, at the discretion of the gardener."|i | He also gives two designs for mazes, and writes : — " Here, by the way (gentle reader), I doe place two proper mazes, as proper adornments, upon pleasure to a garden, that whoso liketh, having such roome in their garden, may place the one of them that liketh them best, in that wyde place of the garden that may best be spared, for the onely purpose to sport them in at times." Lawson also gives designs and directions for making mazes, and says that when they are " well formed of a man's height, your friend may perhaps wander in gather- ing berries till he cannot recover himself without your help." He further adds that they were made of Quickset, or Privet, or" plashed fruit trees ; " and Thomas Hill says that "there be some which set their mazes with Lavender cotton, Spike, Majoram, and such-like." The Elizabethan flower garden often contained a fountain, sometimes several ; for, as Bacon says " they are a great beauty and refreshment." They were generally made of marble, sometimes richly- gilt, and ornamented with statuary. *^*y In some of the more stately gardens a jet d'eau was made — a feature which, from its name, would appear to have been introduced by the French gardeners. Hentzner describing the gardens at Whitehall as they appeared when he visited them in 1598, tells us that there was " a, jet d'eau, with a sundial, which, while strangers are looking at it, a quantity of water forced by a wheel which the gardener turns at a distance, through a number of little pipes, plentifully sprinkles those that are standing round."*** Percy E. Newberry. I To be contbiued.) * Profitable Art of Gardening (ed. 1563), p. 12. t Tusser's Five Hundred Points, .\c. Late in the seven- teenth century Quicksets were discarded for making arbours, for. in the year 1710. we read that " Quicksetted arbours are now out of use, as agreeing very ill with ladies' muslins." J Parkinson's Paradisus, p. 445. I Hill's Profitable Art. Src, p. 13. Cp. also Parkinson, p. 10. || Hill's Profitable Art, Sec, p. 13. ^| Barnaby Googe's Husbandry, p. 61 and 66. ** See Card. Chron., p. 25S, and compare Gerarde, Herbal (ed. 1598), p. 1041, " Sown hard by arbers and banquetting places." ft Googe writes of this : " Now a common bush used for the making of arbers." II Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, iii., 1. 55 Parkinson's Paradisus, p. 10. |l] Profitable Art of Gardening, p. 9. •;«! See Lord Bacon's Essay, and cp. Hent/.ner's description of Theobalds (Traeels, p. 277). **» Fugitive Pieces, vol. ii. (ed. 1761), p. 263. Aphil 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 419 Orchid Notes and Gleanings. THE DELL, EGHAM. In Baron Schroder's collection, the Dendrobes make a splendid show, and among them the old favourite, D. nobile, which has of late years been reinforced by many distinct varieties, contributes the greatest profusion of flowers. For richness of colour- ing D. n. nobilius is still the best, but D. n. elegans, D. n. majus, D. n. Sanderianum, and some others from imported plants, are highly coloured and distinct. Among white varieties, the beautiful D. n. Schroderianum is the best, its flowers being larger and its growths stronger than those of D. n. album, which is also in flower at the Dell. The varieties of D. Wardianum at The Dell seem to be as numerous and as varied, and in much the same way, as D. nobile. The best at present in flower is a form which takes the place among the D. Wardianum group which D. n. nobilius does among that of D. nobile. Its flowers are large, the sepals appearing almost wholly crimson, on account of the heavy colouring of the outside ; the petals are purplish- crimson for about one-third of their length, and the labellum is also larger and more highly coloured than that of any other form— it is, indeed, a gorgeous flower. Also in flower were two forms of D. W. album, one having only yellow at the base of the lip, and the other an additional chocolate-brown blotch. The remarkable supposed hybrid between D. Wardi- anum and D. crassinode — D. Wardiano-crassinode, and the exquisite hybrid of Messrs. Jas. Veitch & Son — D. micansX, a cross between D. Wardianum and D. lituiflorum — were in flower. Of the varieties of D. macrophyllum, a fine specimen of the rose- coloured D. m. giganteum was in great beauty ; also the blush-white D. m. Burkei, which is equal to it in size ; and the pure white D. m. Dearei, which has smaller flowers. Also well bloomed were D. Brymerianum, D. Harveyanum, D. transparens, D. lituiflorum, D. LeechianumX, D. crepidatum, with twelve flowering pseudobulbs, and many fine D. crassinode, D. barbatulum, D. aggregatum majus, D. Findlayanum ; the beautiful hybrids 1). Aspasia X ami 1). enosmnm leucopterum X ; D. endocharis X, D. aureum, and a new form of it, with orange- coloured flowers and the Violet fragrance of the pale- yellow form. Of the D. thyrsiflorum and D. densi- florum section, many large specimens were showing numerous spikes ; and some of the plants of the old, but still far from common, D. Farmerii were showing dozens of already advanced spikes. Of the cool-houses the great attraction was the now famous Odontoglossum crispum Stevensii. The plant this year has a branched spike of twenty-four large white flowers heavily spotted with bright cinnamon brown. It is a superb flower, and like all the other really first-class forms of the spotted crispums, there is a character about it which makes comparison difficult. In the same house were several hybrids unnamed, of great beauty — one of them with the blood-red markings, and some of the other features of O. Jacombianum ; another is of a bright Cowslip yellow, with but a dozen or so small spots on the segments near the column. A fine 0. Ruckerianum had a branched spike of forty-five flowers ; O. Edwardii, two spikes 3 feet to 4 feet long of violet coloured blossoms, and O. Wilckeanum had several worthy representatives; and many others were in flower. In the cool-houses were many flowered plants of Masdevallia Lindeni, of Lycaste Skinneri, and of L. plana, Trichopilias, and Burlingtonia fragrans. Of Cymbidiums several C. eburneum were in flower, a single specimen of C. Lowianum, with twenty-nine spikes and several smaller ones, and a fine plant of the rare old C. devonianutn. The collection of Cypripediums, rare and other- wise, consists of mostly large plants well grown in every way, and well cultivated. In the Cattleya-houses we noted that the Triantea here, as in many other places, have not been up to their usual mark this year. The fine C. T. Schroderiana holds its own as a mo;t perfect flower, C. T. Osmani as one of the richest coloured, C. T. Leeana as one of the largest, and the other named varieties preserve their characteristics, but not in the marked degree that they do in what growers call a " Trianas year." Cattleya Schrodene and its white variety were in bloom, and several plants of the noble C. labiata Luddemaniana, which has flowers as large as those of C. gigas, and which are very fragrant. There is a white variety of this species in bloom, and also named C. L. Schroderiana. In the Cattleya-house was a specimen of the brilliant Loelia cinnabarina, bearing ten spikes. The large specimen of Sobralia xantholeuca promising to have scores of its large golden flowers presently, and the large collections of hybrid Laslias and Cattleyas were showing well for bloom. Numbers of plants were noticed in bloom of Calanthe Regnierii, Pla- tyclinis, a few Phalamopsis, an Angrtecum citratum, and varieties of Miltonia Roezlii arranged effectively with foliage plants and Ferns. Outdoors the Rho- dodendrons promise a great show of bloom, and the latest improvement ; the extensive rockeries, whose beauties Mr. Ballantine more than doubles by his skilful planting, is well worthy of a garden which the Baron takes a pride in making equal to any of its size in the country. Orchids at The Woodlands, Stbeatham. A few days ago, ,by permission of Mr. R. H. Measures, I was allowed to inspect the Orchids at the above place, where, with Mr. Abrahams as pilot, I made the following few notes which will probably be interesting. Mr. Measures has for a long time held a good reputation for his admirable Cypripe- diums, and one needs only to look in at the door of the house to see that all the plants are healthy and vigorous. The house is fitted up all round with sloping stages, in the centre is also a stage of similar construction, and I may say a construction admirably adapted to the requirements of the plants. Notable amongst the plants in Mower was a strong and healthy Cypripedium concolor, carrying some large well-marked flowers. Another was seen in C. Ilar- risianum vivicans, a very fine variety, and an im- provement on the type ; the dorsal sepal is rather twisted, as are also the petals, the lip is large and handsome, and in colour the flower is somewhat richer than its type. A line plant of C. selligernm mnjus in flower shows to advantage the distinctness of this variety when placed against the ordinary form ; the dorsal sepal is large and beautifully marked with dark brown. C. Measuresianum is a hybrid between C. villosum and C. venustum. Several good plants of C. Sedeni porphyreum and C. S. candidulum were noticed. The collection contains a splendid plant of C. Morganiic in excel- lent health, which was flowering beautifully. Mr. Abrahams told me that it is not uncommon to have as many as three flowers on a spike. A pretty form of C. insigne, named Woodlandense, was found in a cooler house. It is a handsome variety, with the dorsal sepal heavily blotched with brown on a greenish-yellow background, and with a pure white margin ; the slipper is almost white, a distinction hitherto unequalled in the insigne family. Lycaste Skinneri Jamesiana is certainly a fine variety, that compares favourably with such varieties as " Young's," or, as others call it, Armeniaca ; it is pure white, save for the base of the petals, which is of a healthy rosy-blush ; there is also deep colouring inside the throat at the base of the column. Cattleya Trianx Measuresiana, a novelty, which flowered from an importation of Messrs. Sander & Co., is a most exquisite thing in its way ; the flower of a large size, the sepals and petals rich mauve colour, and very broad and shapely; the lip large and well formed, and from the base to the centre is one large blotch of the richest crimson. A picture for Beichenbachia has been made from this plant. W. Two Grand ODONTOGLOsstrais, At present in flower in the collection of F. C. Jacomb, Esq., at Cheam Park, Cheam, noted for its fine Odontoglossums, is a form of O. crispum, which for massive flowers and fine shape excels all which have been previously bloomed. Its flowers are over 4 inches across, the petals nearly 2 inches broad, the sepals and petals white, the latter finely fringed, and the former having a large irregular brown blotch. The lip is large and crimped at the edge, yellow at the base, and with half a dozen or so brown blotches in the middle. This fine variety came in an importa- tion of Mr. Shuttleworth's in 1888, one which has been prolific in good things, but none equal to the subject of this note. A superb form of O. Humeanum is the other novelty at Cheam Park. Its flowers exceed the type in size ; the sepals are evenly barred with lines of purplish-brown spots ; the petals white at the edge, primrose in the middle, with some large purple blotches ; the lip clear white, with a primrose- yellow stain at the base. O. Humeanum is a sup- posed hybrid between O. cordatum and O. Rossii majus, and that now in flower with Mr. Jacomb must have sprung from a very high example of O. Rossii majus, as its flowers equal the very best of that species. L.TSLIA FLAVA, &C This, one of the most striking of Orchids, is in flower at Clare Lawn, East Sheen, at the present time. The plant has a scape of 2 feet in height, carrying twelve beautiful yellow flowers. It grows best in a pot filled to within an inch of the rim with crocks, elevating it on a small mound of peat and sphagnum moss, and affording it similar treatment to other Lrciias, that is, copious supplies of water during the growing season, and gradually decreasing the supply after the growths are completed, very little being required during the resting period. Two other Orchids of equal beauty, and worthy of cultivation in every collection, are Angrtecum citra- tum, a native of Madagascar, and A. Leonis, from the Comoroa Islands. We have several jdants of the former carrying ten of its graceful pendulous racemes, some of which are 12 inches in length. The flowers are yellowish-white, and slightly fragrant. Angr.-ccum, or, more correctly speaking, Aoranthui Leonis, is a very distinct and handsome Orciiid, with its sword-like leaves and white flowers, as many as ten being sometimes found fully expanded at the same time on a plaut of 'eight leaves. Both of the above species are grown best in baskets, with a few crocks with charcoal for drainage, and living moss as a surfacing. They should never be allowed to get dry at the root, and especially does this hold good of A. citratum, else the leaves will turn yellow, Coining, as they do, from very hot and moist countries, they naturally require the temperature of our warmest Orchid-houses, viz., the East Indian. w. h. r. Florists' Flowers. BIRMINGHAM PRIMULAS. Under this name may very fairly be classed two varieties of Chinese Primulas, raised by Mr. Rose, at Sparkhill Nurseries. Princess Louise is a white, with large well-formed flowers of great substance, and with distinct stout fleshy foliage and good habit, throwingup its flowers on stout foot-stalks well above the foliage. The Marquis of Lome is similar in habit, form and size of bloom, and in foliage, but is of a bright deep rose colour fading to a paler colour. It is in colour sometimes called crimson, but we have not yet got a really crimson Chinese Primula. A few very fine varieties have been raised from these varieties, of which one is Emperor, a bright; cerise, of finest form, large size, and of good sub* stance. Another seedling from Princess Louise (s the Queen, possessing very stout Fern-leaf foliage, and pure white flowers, with large Orange-yellow centres, and also of great size and substance. A plant of this very fine variety, exhibited by Messrs. Thomson, was selected as the best specimen 420 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April .">, 1890. Primula out of about 350 plants staged, at the last November Chrysanthemum Show, and awarded the premier prize. A seedling from the Queen, named Her Majesty, and not yet sent out, is just like the parent in every respect excepting colour, which is of a charming pale pink tinted colour. Unfortunately, these Primulas are not free seeders, and it is with difficulty that much seed is obtained ; Mr. Herbert, the foreman here, sows seed in July as soon as it is gathered, to produce plants in flower in February and March, and grows on the same plants for November and December blooming. The soil he uses is good stiff turfy loam, with leaf soil, decayed cow manure, and sand. No artificial manures are used except for exhibition purposes, and then in a very moderate way. D. S. H. [The flowers and leaves sent were rather wanting in refinement. Ed.] LIQUID MANURE FOR GARDEN AND ORCHARD. Perhaps it might have been more appropriate had this paper been headed " The Abuse of Liquid Manure," as it is nearly as often abused as used. How often does one find, when passing a farmyard, this valuable aid to the gardener running to waste from cattle-sheds, stables, &c.,and perhaps polluting a stream unnecessarily. This is the abuse of liquid- manure, and the example of it may be often found close to an impoverished garden or orchard. This sort of waste goes on everywhere, although the gardener complains that he cannot get dung enough for his needs. It cannot be denied that the most successful competitors at shows with Leeks, Celery, Cauliflowers, Cabbages, &c, make great use of manure in this form, and I am acquainted with many amateurs who could beat professional gar- deners in these things, and their success depends largely on liquid manures. Some ten years ago I had under my charge a garden in the North of Scotland, which had been neglected as regarded manuring ; and when the soil of a garden has once got poor, it takes a little time, even with a good supply of ordinary stable-manure, before it is got into good heart again. Fortunately there existed a large manure-tank fur the sewage of the cow-houses and stables, and which at the time was overflowing into a drain, and was lost. How long this waste of manure had been going on no one seemed to know. The pump that had been put there when the tank was made was suckerless, and in bad order. I caused the pump to be put into good order, and a 40-gallon petroleum cask was fitted on to a sort of wheelbarrow frame, somewhat similar to the iron water-barrows now in use, and which answered the purpose very well. During the winter I had the liquid put ou all vacant ground by means of a piece of a water-can spout flattened down so as to leave a space of about a quarter of an inch in width. Besides pouring it on all the vacant ground, as I have said, when the ground was tho- roughly moist I applied it to the wall trees, small fruit bushes, Rose trees — in fact, everything came in for a share of it. The Vine and Peach borders were in poor condition, and these came in for a good share of the liquid all through the season, the out- side borders having doses of it after a day's rain, and such days are common in that part of the king- dom. The inside borders were first well watered with clean water before applying the manure. The Vines ripened a fair crop the first year, and made splendid wood for the next season. The foliage had that fine dark-green hue which indicates health. Turning to vegetables, the benefit these derived from the liquid was marvellous. One instance in particular may be cited. One half of a break of Veitch's Autumn Giant Cauliflower had ordinary dung dug in, the other half had the liquid poured on after it had been dug; the latter treatment produced the best Cauliflowers by far. Celery, Leeks, Onions, Peas, came in for their share of it, and were greatly benefited. New drainage being wanted for the stables and laundry at my present place, I suggested to my em- ployer that the drainage should be conveyed to two tanks, one to receive the stable drainage, and the other the laundry water. This, with pumps for emptying the tanks into a water-barrow drawn by a pony, was readily granted. The water from the stables is being applied to some scores of trees of Apple and Pear on wails and in the open. Although the trees have seen a good many seasons, they are, with the exception ol a very few, wonderfully free from canker. It could easily be seen by the appearance of the fruit-buds and weak terminal growths that the soil they grow in is exhausted. I feel certain that the liquid- manure which we have applied, and will continue the use of, will renew their vigour in such a way that they will yet yield some fair crops of fruit. There is a right and a wrong way in doing every- thing ; and to pour liquid-manure just around the stem of a tree would be the wrong way of applying it. First carefully examine the soil about the trees with a digging-fork, and ascertain where the main part of the feeding-roots lie, and apply the manure-water to the soil in that part, bearing in mind that the ground must be thoroughly soaked with rain, or artificially with clear water, and then there is no danger of injuring the tree. The soapy water from the laundry tank is useful, and we have been applying it with the garden-engine vigorously to the wall-trees, to get rid of the larva of insects injurious to the leaves during the sum- mer. We shall use this water during growth when- ever insects make their appearance. Should the "fly" attack Turnips, or the maggot young Unions, the soapy water will be applied to these crops, and besides acting as a check on the spread of these pests, as I have no doubt it will, it will to a certain extent act as a stimulant to growth. After the trees were syringed with it, some was poured on the ground around the roots of Raspberry bushes and fruit trees, side by side with the liquid-manure from the stable tank, and I am awaiting results. J. Jeffrey, Caversham Park. PREPUSA HOOKERIANA. In Nicholson's excellent Dictionary of Gardening this remarkably handsome plant is said to be " probably not now in cultivation." The sketch, taken by Mr. Weathers recently in the nursery of Messrs. Sander & Co. (see fig. 62) shows that this surmise is happily incorrect. Prepusa, so called from prepousa, conspicuous, is a genus of Gentianads. The particular species here figured comes from Brazil, whence it was introduced to Glasgow and Kew by Gardner. It was illustrated in the Botanical Maya- cine, t. 3909. It is a perennial herb, with much of the habit of a Lychnis or Silene, with tufted linear- oblong leaves, and a loose inflorescence, bearing bell-shaped flowers on long stalks. The distended bag-like calyx is of a purplish-red colour, and from its mouth project the five or six lobes of the white corolla. Many of these Gentians, such as Lisianthus, are difficult to cultivate, and it would be of interest if some of our friends who have had experience in their culture would communicate their results. The Apiary. EXPERIENCE OF THE PAST WINTER. I have been experimenting as usual with several stocks of bees during the winter, and having examined them on Friday, March 21, am able to give some data upon which to work another season. Formerly, when I packed up bees for winter, I put some brandy-balls on the top of the frames, or the skeps, as the case might be ; but I happen to live on the verge of Salisbury Plain, where the village shops, though they contain " mouse traps and other sweets," do not often contain brandy-balls. I have, therefore, been induced to try dry sugar, and have had much success with it. I take large basins, holding about 5 or 6 lb. of sugar each, and tie cheese cloth over the top of each basin, and then invert it over the bees. Many people say the bees will not eat dry sugar in winter time. Last Friday, finding the basins rather light, I looked inside, and found several basins empty ; some were half empty, and some nearly full. In every case, however, the bees had not only commenced the attack, but had made considerable progress towards emptying the basins. I have no doubt that the general mildness of the winter had something to do with the empty basins, but not all, for I have tried the same in previous winters, which have been any- thing but mild, and the same results have taken place. If the basins are put exactly over the cluster of bees, the heat is sufficient to moisten the sugar, and the bees are able to take it. I am quite aware that the dry sugar theory is opposed by many excellent bee keepers, but theory is of no use when opposed to successful experiment, and I am pre- pared to show the basins exactly as I took them off the hives to any unbelieving persons. In the cases where the basins were empty, I followed up at once by giving syrup, but where they were only partially empty, I left them on a few days to finish them. Of course, I only put the basins of sugar on those stocks which were likely to run short of stores. On examination, the fact was revealed that there has been an immense demand on the stores, owing to the peculiar character of the season, and it behoves beekeepers to look at once to see that mattets are right. There are many who think all is well if the bees are alive on the first day of April; when, alas, all maybe wrong. Bees may run short in one night, and die in consequence. Bee, THE GENUS ASARUM. The name Asarum is, probably, unknown to many of the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, and, in- deed, the etymology of the word is doubtful and variously explained by different authors. Tourne- fort first employed it as a generic designation for Asarum europseum, a species occasionally met with in England as an outcast or waif of cultivation, and later it was adopted by Linnajus without any expla- nation of its meaning. There are two or three Greek words from which it may have been derived, the most likely derivation being from a, negative or privative and sairo, I adorn, in allusion to the absence of orna- mental character in the flowers of the European species. When the first part of the third volume of Bentham and Hooker's Genera Plantarum, containing the order to which this genus belongs, was published ten years ago, about a dozen species were known, and these are scattered all round the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere. Since then the total number of species known has been augmented by about half- a-dozen, chiefly from the Chino-Japanese region and one from California ; and among Dr. A. Henry's numerous discoveries in Central China is a very re- markable new genus, intermediate in habit, and flowers between Asarum and Aristolochia. Not only have we received at Kew a great acces- sion of dried specimens of this genus, but through Mr. Ford, of the Hong Kong Botanic Garden, living plants of three or four Chinese species have been in- troduced, and have flowered at Kew. As ornamental plants, the prettiest or best of the species do not rank high ; yet as they are small, neat, and curious, and produce their flowers in a cool greenhouse, in mid- winter, they are worthy of some attention, and I propose passing in rapid review those that have been, or are, in cultivation, with descriptions of two or three new species. All the species are similar in habit to A. europium, having creeping rhizomes, from which the stalked, usually cordate or reniform, leaves rise, almost concealing the usually very short- stalked flowers. Asarum europaum, the only European species, is perhaps the least attractive of all, though not unde- serving of a shaded nook in the rock garden. It was April 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 421 formerly much cultivated as a medicinal herb, and it is now found wild in a few places in England, probably, however, only as an outcast from cultivation. In an undoubtedly wild condition, it ranges from Spain to Western Siberia. Cultivated at Kew, spring. Sweet states that it flourished in a peaty soil, that it was in full flower in the middle of April, and had then been in flower for a considerable period, although the season was a very backward one. Sweet adds, that there was a large clump of it T'>Vr.Zfsr eft Fig. 62.— PBBPneA hookkkiana. calex, ekddisii-pdhple ; corolla, white, (see p. 420.) A. virginicum, a native of eastern North America, was the next earliest species cultivated, or, I should say, the earliest figured. There is a representation of it in Sweet's Flower Garden, plate 18 (1823), from plants cultivated by Knight, of King's lload, Chelsea. It grows naturally in shady rocky woods in Virgiuia and Carolina, southward to Georgia, and flowers in entirely covered with bloom,"and*that although the " flowers were not so splendid as some others, they were pretty and curious ; and, as they continued a long time, the plant was well worthy a place in all curious collections." The flowers are of a very dark purple, with small white spots on the spreading lobes, but is otherwise much like the common one. This, and other American species, is called wild Ginger. Cultivated at Kew. A. canadensc.—A much commoner species than the last, being found throughout Canada, westward to Saskatchewan, and southward in the eastern United States to North Carolina. This was figured in Loddiges' Botanical Cabinet, ix. (1824), plate 889 but the figure is poor, and in the Botanical Magazine, plate 2769 (1827). The last was from the pencil of Sir William Hooker, and represents the flowers as crimson with black dots. This was cultivated in England by Bishop Compton before 1713, and is " deserving of a place in every collection." It flowers from April or May to July, and grows natu- rally in rich forests amongst leaves and dead wood. The flowers are about 1 inch across, and the spread- ing lobes more pointed than in either of the fore- going. In each sinus of the three-lobed perianth there is usually a small narrow appendage or reduced petal. A third figure of this species in Sweet's mower Garden, plate 95, represents the flowers of a pale brown. It is in cultivation at Kew. A. ari folium.— This was introduced about the same time as A. virginicum, and is figured in Hooker's Exotic Flora, plate 40 (1823) from a plant that flowered in the Glasgow Botanic Garden. The flowers are almost entirely green outside ; the tube constricted below the lobes, and the lobes infolded. The leaves, however, are usually prettily figured or variegated with white, and nearly hastate in shape. A native of the South-eastern States from Carolina to Florida. J. Thunbergii, syn. Hcterotropa asaroides.— One of the larger-flowered kinds, with heart-shaped, varie- gated leaves, and metallic blue flowers, with mark- ings and tinges of green, and yellow, and purple, or, as represented in the earliest figure (Botanical , plate 3746) in 1839, of a dirty brown, with variously coloured markings and pencillings. A later figure in the Botanical Magazine (plate 4933, ls.Vi), perhaps more faithfully depicts the plant, and in this the ground colour of the flower is a blue- green. The flowers are about 1.} inch in diameter, and have an inflated, almost spherical perianth, witli reflexed, deltoid lobes. This species is a native of .Japan and China, and has been in cultivation under the name of Asarum japonicum. The flowers are described as having the perfume of a ripe Apple, and they are produced in a greenhouse in midwinter. It is still grown at Kew. A. parvijlorum, syn. Hcterotropa parvifiora, in the Botanical Magazine (1863), plate 5380. A native of Japan, with quite small flowers of a dull purple, almost hidden in the subtending bracts. The perianth is very narrowly constricted in the middle and the lobes are bordered with green. One of the least attractive. A. albivenium. — Another Japanese species, similar to the last, but having white-veined leaves and longer-stalked flowers of a yellowish colour, with red spots. It is figured in Kegel's Gartonflora for 1861, plate 440. A. leucodictyon is another name for it. A. macranthum.—Hy far the most striking species yet cultivated. A native of Eastern China and the island of Formosa, originally discovered by Uichard Oldham, one of my earliest associates at Kew, who collected in China and Japan for the Royal Gardens, Kew, and died from dysentery at Amoy, about five- and-twenty years ago, after a short but not unsuc- cessful career as a collector. Kecently it was re- discovered in Formosa by Mr. Ford, of the Hong Kong Botanic Garden, and he sent living plants to Kew, where they flowered in 1888; and this species was figured in the Botanical Magazine, plate 7022. The largest leaves are 4 or 5 inches across, and borne well above the flowers on stout stalks. They are of a shining green above, mottled with white and paler beneath, with a prominent raised venation coloured red. The flowers are about 2 inches across, seated close to the ground, and so numerous that they cover the surface. They are of a rich purplish- brown, and the broad, much undulated, spreading lobes of the perianth are bordered with yellowish- 422 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. green. Unlike most of the members of the genus, and, indeed, of the order (Aristolochiacese), this species has a pleasant odour, exactly that of fenu- greek, an odour exhaled by solitary members of several of the most widely separated natural orders. A. caudigerum. — A Chinese species, originally described by the late Dr. Hance from specimens collected in the province of Kwangtung by Dr. Gerlach ; since rediscovered by Mr. Ford, who sent living plants to Kew, where they have flowered this winter. It has been drawn for the Botanical Magazine, and the figure will shortly appear. It differs essentially from all the preceding, in the three lobes of the perianth being extended into slender tails an inch or so long, reminding one very much of some of the species of Masdevallia. The flowers are of a reddish-purple, and the plant is certainly one that the curious should acquire if possible. The North American Asarum Hookeri, syn. A. caudatum,is a closely allied species with larger flowers, sometimes exceeding 3 inches in length. This species has a wide range in western North America, and is figured in Fielding's Sertum Plantarum, plate 32. From a somewhat starved specimen in the Kew Herbarium, it appears to have flowered in the Cambridge (England) Botanic Garden in 1881. It is also at the present time in cultivation at Kew. A. geophilum, Hemsley, n. sp.* — Another of Mr. Ford's introductions from the province of Kwangtung, South China. It flowered at Kew early in December, and was drawn for the Botanical Magazine. The cordate-orbicular leaves are somewhat fleshy, from 2 to 4 inches across, of a shining dark green, veined with white on the upper surface, and paler beneath. The medium-sized, purple-brown, white-spotted and margined flowers appear scarcely above the surface of the ground. A very pretty species, the foliage alone being sufficiently ornamental, reminding one of some of the species of Peperomia. A. pulchellum, Hemsley, n. sp.t — This pretty species is not yet in cultivation, but from the appear- ance of the foliage, even in the dried state, and Dr. A. Henry's description of the flowers, it must be one of the most ornamental of the genus. The roundish cordate leaves are clothed with long many-jointed, beautiful hairs ; and the medium-sized flowers are dark red outside and pink within, and " very pretty." It is a native of Central China, and we may have long to wait before we see it alive, as Dr. Henry has left that region. A. maximum, Hemsley, n. sp.{ — Another of Dr. A. * Asarum geophilum, Hemsley, n. sp. — Herba perennis, rhi- zomate repente, foliis 2 — 3 poll, supra terram elevatis. Folia tubcarnosa, breviter petiolata, rotundato-cordata (lobis srepius c otegentibus) usque ad 4 poll, diametro. couspieue laxeque albo-venosa, simul plus minusve bullata, ciliolata, supra atro-viridia, nitida, glabra vel pilis albis parcissinie instructa, subtus pallidiora, paullo-hirsutiora ; petiolus crassus. carnosus, fere teres, appresse albo-pilosulus. Flores solitarii, brevissime peduneulati, supra terram sessiles, pedunculo subito recurvo ; perianthium circiter 1 poll, diametro, brevissime tubulosum, uubeequaliter trilobatum (loboautico majore), lobis rotundatis, ecaudatis 2 posticis demum arete reflexis, intus atro-viride vel brunueunl, albo-maeulatum, albo-rnargiuatum, intus extusque pilis crassis plus minusve vestitum, extus purpureo-viride ; andreecium et gyntucium normales, stamiuibus supra pistillum couniventibus. t A. pulchellum, Hemsley, n. sp. — Herba fere undique pilis elongatis multieellularibus moniliformibus pulchellis vestita, rhizomate repente, caulibus vel ramulis brevibus adscendentibus ssepius 2-foliatis 1-floris. Folia papyracea, longe petiolata, ovato-cordata vel rotundato-cordata, absque petiolo 2 — 3 poll, diametro, obtusa vel subacute, praecipue subtus pilosa, venis primariis pauciis iuconspicuis ; petiolus crassus, dense pilosus, usque ad 6 poll, longus. Flores pulchelli, extus atro-rubri iatus rosei (A. Henry), parvi, circiter 6—7 lineas longi, breviter graciliterque peduuculati ; perianthium pilosum. subcarnosuni, fere ad basin eequaliter trilobatum.'medio coustrictum, lobis ro- tundatis leviter undulatis ; stamina uniformia, stylum subse- quautia, filamentis brevibus crassis, antheris breviter appendi- culatis omnibus extrorsis ; styli ad apicem connati, stigmate disciformi. ] A. maximum, Hemsley, n. sp.— Herba robusta, fere undi- que glabra, rhizomate repente. Folia ampla, longe petio- lata, cum petiolo crasso interdum saltern sesquipedalia, crassa, subcarnosa, late cordata, vel hastato-cordata, absque petiolo interdum usque ad 8 poll, longa, obtusa vel vix acuta, lobis latis rotundatis divergentibus, venis pri- mariis paucis crassis; folia pauca. secundaria minora, reinin- formia. Flores ut videtur erecti, breviter peduneulati (extus carnei. intus velutini, nigro-purpurei, lobis basi stria unica transversa albida instructis), 2 J— 2} poll, diametro; perian- Henry's discoveries in Central China, and, like the last, not in cultivation. It is the largest of the genus known, the leaves being as much as 8 inches across and 18 inches high. The flowers are from 2 to 2£ inches in diameter, flesh-coloured outside, dark purple and velvety within, with a white transverse stripe at the base of each of the rounded spreading lobes. In conclusion, a few words respecting the singular new genus referred to above : — Saruma Henryi. — Professor D. Oliver has given this name to one of Dr. Henry's discoveries in Central China, and it is mentioned here on account of its having distinct petals inserted on the calyx, and alternating with its lobes, and equalling them in size. It differs from Asarum in having a distinct stem 2 or 3 feet high, and terminal or pseudo-ter- minal flowers, and in the a being at the end instead of the beginning of the name ! A figure of this plant is given in Hooker's Iconcs Plantarum, plate 1709. W. Bolting Hemsley. Plants and Their Gulture. PnOPAGATION OF PLANTS TO Fl.OWER IN THE Autumn. — Tree Carnations : Cuttings should be taken and propagated, and young shoots, if taken now, soon root in a close pit, when put into a sandy compost. The young plants should get shifted when necessary, and be kept clear of green and black fly, which if once allowed to get a foothold on the plants soon disfigure them. For a potting soil plenty of good loam, decayed manure, and a small quantity of old mortar suits them ; the plants must be gradually hardened off' and not overwatered. Lasiandra macrantha may be treated as advised for Begonias. It is a subject worthy of extended cul- tivation, and looks well when grown in small pots at the above season ; if grown through the summer months in a cold frame it does much better than when grown in the stove. Cuttings may be taken now and, when rooted, potted into small GO's and finally potted into 32's, keeping them well stopped throughout the period of growth, and then transfer- ring them to awarm house early in the autumn. Poin- settias and Plumbago rosea, Eranthemum pulchel- lum, Euphorbia jacquinreflora, and Justicia speciosa, more correctly known as Peristrophe speciosa, should also be propagated. The Peristrophes require treat- ment similar to that given to the Begonias, and they produce much bloom in 5 or 6-inch pots. Poin- settias may be propagated if early plants are desired, but for later use the plants may remain dormant awhile longer. We have these plants in succession, and start a few pots early so as to obtain cuttings. Eranthemum pulchellum may be increased at the earliest opportunity, so as to secure, strong plants at an early date. It succeeds with frame treatment after the final potting, and it is much better so than when grown in a stove during the summer time. Abundance of moisture and frequent damping over on warm evenings are required to promote a healthy growth. Plumbago rosea cuttings may be taken off, and when rooted these should be put near the light and the stems trained on pieces of string ; it is a plant that will last in beauty for some weeks if carefully looked after. Cuttings taken with a heel and placed in peat, leaf-mould, and sand, in a tempera- ture of 80° soon take root. The plant succeeds best under stove treatment, and should not be starved at the root when growing. Euphorbia jacquinasflora needs to tie grown in the same way, and the cuttings should be secured soon. Put three cuttings round the side of a small 60, thereby securing a small ball with each when turn- ing them out. Employ some good loam in the com- post, as also in that for Plumbagos ; as the plant in- creases in size, equal parts peat and loam with a dash of coarse silver sand and a few small pieces of charcoal and J-inch bones, suits the needs of Euphorbias, manure water being given to them while growing. Cuttings of Impatiens should be taken from the old stock plants, and the young stock grown in frames in the summer. G. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. thium subaequaliter 3-lobatum, lobis latis rotundatis planis divergentibus, tubo a basi grftdatim expanso intus interrupte transversim multiplicato ; antheras subsessiles, uniformes, minute appendicular ; styli stamina superautes, orassissimi, minute papillosi, longe bjcornuti vel bifidi, stigmate dorsah brevi oblongo. The Orchid Houses. East Indian House. — If previous directions were acted on with regard to forward plants of Cattleya Sanderiana the flower sheaths will now begin to show themselves, and as soon as these are seen the plants should be well supplied with water at the root, and the atmosphere saturated with moisture, to assist growth and keep down thrips. Where several of these plants are in a collection, it is better to get a few in flower in succession, rather than to have them all flowering together. Lselia majalis that has been resting in a cool dry house will now begin to grow, and should be brought into this house ; and as soon as the roots get active, it should be plentifully supplied with water. If the plants made strong growths last year, the new growths will, in most cases, send up flower spikes, and in that case the plants should be hung up to the roof. Phaius tuberculosus is, undoubtedly, one of the most beau- titul of Orchids, and no amateur should rest satisfied until he has a plant of it. It is a free grower, though thrips are its deadly enemies ; but these may be cleared off by brushing the plants two or three times a week with a camel's-hair pencil, wet with saliva. Phalamopsis which may not have been rebasketed, as advised in a previous calendar, should have that operation done at once, as the. longer it is delayed the greater will be the danger of the young tender roots getting broken off. The plants should receive a good sponging of their leaves before being placed again in the house. A well-known grower of Phala;- nopsis attributed a great part of his success to the frequent use of the sponge, and, I believe, there was some reason in what he said. The temperature may now be increased to 68° at night, and an increase of the day warmth of 10° to 15° by sunheat will be beneficial to the plants. A. G. C'att, Parkfield, Worcester. Fruits Under Glass. Vines Fruiting in Pots. — The Grapes on the above will now be colouring fast, and should not bp hurried, time being highly requisite for perfect finish. Black Grapes always colour the best when under the shade of their own foliage, but white or yellow ones require exposure to sun-light to bring out their proper tints. In the vinery where colour- ing is taking place, avoid a parched atmosphere, on the one hand, and a close one on the other, and steer a middle course, endeavouring to preserve the clean and healthy foliage to the last ; and remember that liquid manures given now are inimical to perfection in the colour of the Grapes. Tlie Early Vinery. — These Vines, when planted in inside borders, will require assistance in the form of mulchings of spent Mushroom lung or farmyard manure, and occasonally of manure water, judiciously employed. Carefully ventilate the house before and during bright sunshine, or scorching of the foliage will certainly take place ; shut up early, and give a little front air at night. The protecting coverings of outside borders may be reduced gradually in thick- ness after the middle of April until entirely removed. Train in shoots to cover the trellis, preserve as much of the earliest foliage as is consistent with due space being left for growth, and remove superfluous laterals as fast as they push forth, leaving one here and there to prevent back buds from breaking. Thinning of the berries gives at this season plenty of employment for the gardeners. Seeing that various kinds require different methods of thinning, object lessons are the best teachers, but it may here be stated that Ham- burgh and other long foot-stalked kinds require less thinning than those having short stalks of the Lady Downes type ; and in all cases the end in view should be realised as much as possible. Begin operations on a bunch by removing all deformed and seedless berries, as soon as these can be discerned ; having done this, the shape the bunch will assume will be made plainer. The young fruits are very delicate, and if rubbed by the hand, the hair, or by the scissors, injury is caused that cannot be removed. Rust is frequently caused by want of care in this matter, as well as by cold draughts, or old sulphur left on the heating apparatus. Muscats in flower will enjoy a temperature of 70° to 75° at night, 80° to 85° by day, and the rods should be rapped a few times daily. The syringe may also be used for the distri- bution of pollen, but by experienced hands only ; and when crystal globules are present on the flowers, the Apbil 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 42S dry hand may be drawn down the bunch to remove them. Later Vints. — See to the timely disbudding of the bunches on these Vines. Increase the temperature at night to 55° ; houses of late Black Hamburghs to be kept open day and night till the Vines start of themselves, when they must have generous treat- ment. Vines cut back for fruiting next year in pots, should be trained to stakes or wires, and the house thoroughly ventilated so as to secure short jointed canes. The leaders may be stopped at 6 feet, and the laterals at the first joint. Encourage stocky growth in Vines struck from eyes this seasoD, and repot them before the roots get pot bound. Peaches and Xectarines. — The early trees should have pieces of lath placed under the branches near the fruit so as to bring the proper top of the fruit towards the sun. and training the shoots of the current year aside. Use the syringe daily, and, if well- drained, the borders should receive abundance of water and sometimes liquid manure. Borders may be mulched with spent Mushroom dung. Avoid hard forcing at night. Attend to the regular dis- budding of shoots and the thinning of fruit in later houses. I consider it to be unwise to allow, in thin- ning, for a large percentage of fruit to drop off at the stoning period ; for whenever this mishap takes place the cause, like that of shanking in Grapes, may be traced to defective root action, bad state of the borders, or previous overcropping. Very gross shoots springing from the middle of the tree should be removed altogether, these being a prolific source ot gumming if left ; and shoots retained to draw the sap to the fruit should be stopped at one joint, they having previously been Btopped at the second or third leaf. Trees in the late house will be in flower, and the fertilisation of the bloom may safely be left to Nature. A fumigation given the house before the blooms open is a wise precaution. Strawberries, which may now be cropped more heavily, should now be obtainable in large quantities, and because of this I grow the later successions in 7-inch, midseason in 6-inch, and earlies in 6-inch pots ; and always layer direct into the fruiting-pots. Attend to the thinning of the flowers, and place forked sticks to the fruits to prevent injury to the stems, and their contact with the water. Early Melons which have set, should have the young fruits supported by pieces of sound herring-net of 1 foot square, looped up to the trellis ; give a light topdressing of turfy loam, and a dash of some kind of artificial manure ; preserve every old leaf, but remove laterals, at the first joint. Plant out succesBionals — beware of thick planting; sow seeds. Keep the stems, when syringing the plants, dry. The tem- perature at night 70°, closing early, running up to 90°. Melons are benefited by the ammonia arising from sweet fermenting materials, and by being kept free from red-spider. Cucumbers. — Spring-sown plants should now be covering their trellises, and being rapid growers, topdressings of loam and horse-droppings, little and often, must be afforded them. Figs should be kept quiet during the formation of their seeds ; but pot trees and others early started will soon be ripening their fruits. Stop shoots if more are wanted, and remove crowded growths ; but I favour moderate extension. Expose the fruits to the sun, and give liquid manure, or mulch lightly with rich manure. Now is a good time to secure a sea- son's supply of good packing moss, which has no equal for packing, to be got in readiness for the packing of Pines, Grapes, Melons, Peaches, Nec- tarines, or Figs. In my exhibiting days this material secured for me the Fruiterer's Company's special prize for packing on two successive occasions. W. Crump, Madrcsjield Court, Malvern. off sufficiently, they may be placed in the frames at G inches apart each way, where they will grow away more freely than in pots, and at planting time may be taken up with good balls. Propagation of bedding stuff should be forwarded as much as possible, and an estimate taken of the number struck and out of those that are still required for the beds, &c. Out-of-doors operations. — Lily of the Valley beds should receive dressings of well decayed manure or leaf mould, and on the top of that put a slight cover- ing of sifted potting bench refuse. In forming new beds, use the small roots left after making a selection of the best for forcing. Prepare the ground for the reception of young brood, by manuring and deep digging, planting out the roots 3 inches apart in the row, and 9 inches from row to row, and afterwards toplress them. Violets, which as is well known, give the best blooms on young plants, should, when bloom is over, be increased by planting the stronger young growths which have roots. These may be put into beds or line3 at 1 foot apart, the soil being previously enriched with well-decayed leaf-mould or manure. The plants grow best in half shade, and are then not infested by red spider. Hollyhocks, which are seldom seen now in perfec- tion, should be planted out if the plants raised from slips have been properly hardened off. The prepa- ration of the ground for the plants should consist of trenching it deeply after liberally manuring it. The Herbaceous Border. — In herbaceous borders, most kinds of plants have begun to grow, and it is a favourable time to give the borders a dressing of manure ,'and lightly prick it in with a fork. Never use a spade for this purpose, for fear of injury to bulbs and other roots. Flower Beds, which are to be planted with hardy annuals for an early display of bloom, should be got in readiness, sowing the seeds early in April. For late summer flowering three weeks hence will be soon enough. So great is the variety in hardy annuals that very effective groups and masses may be obtained at small expense, and the display of bloom is equal to anything made with ordinary bedding plants. D. C. Powell, Puuderham, Exeter, and one that has not the inconvenience of having to be applied warm, is : — Yellow wax. 1 lb. ; turpen- tine, 1 lb. ; Burgundy pitch, 8 oz. ; Mutton suet, 4 oz. ; melt altogether, mix thoroughly, and, when cool, form the mass into small balls for use. A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Haslemere. The Flower Garden. Beddino-oct Plants. — These plants when trans- ferred to frames, as the hardier of them now should be, should be carefully ventilated, nnd also shaded during bright sunshine for a week after taking them out of the warm houses. In stormy weather or during heavy showers of rain, the sashes should be kept close, or at least with the sashes over the plants. Verbenas, Ageratums, &c, are better when planted out in frames in loam and leaf-mould resting on 2 inches of leaf-mould, which again should lay on a hard bottom. As the cuttings become rooted and hardened The Hardy Fruit Garden. Waterino Trees.— Fruit Trees against walls should be carefully examined as to their condition at the root, the soil in many districts being dry owing to the deficient rainfall. Apricots, Peaches, Nectarines, Plums, and Cherries should have a thorough soaking. This of course must be done judiciously, bearing in mind that soils, which are light with an open subsoil, require a far larger quantity of water than those that consist of loam, or that rest on a clay subsoil. Where the borders have not been mulched, the surface should be pricked over round each tree previous to applying the water. To allow the roots of wall-trees to become dry is a fruitful source of bud-dropping. After watering lav on a mulch of half rotten manure to the depth of 2 inches, and this should extend to a distance of 4 feet from the wall. Borders thus treated will save much future labour in watering, if the season should prove to be a dry and rainless one. T/ie Fruit-room should be looked over, and all decaying fruit cleared out of it, and what remains placed at the coolest nnd darkest part. Apples of the following varieties are keeping well with me : — Court Pendu Plat, Boston liusset, Lord Burghley, and Earle's Pippin, Tower of fiiamis, Norfolk Beau fin, and are as fresh as possible. When the fruit-room becomes empty, whitewash the walls and ceilings, scrub the shelves, and wash the floor. Grafting. — The grafting of Apples nnd Pears should now be pushed forward, and those not having had much practice must bear in mind, that the secret of success lies in getting a perfect union between the inner barkB of stock and scion. In the case of large brant Iks, if one side only of scion and stock coincide, it will be enough. Select for scions well-ripened and short-jointed shoots, and let the scion have from three to five buds. Whip-grafting does for ordinary purposes, but for large trees and branches, cleft-grafting is better. Carefully bind the graft, but not tightly, with matting. Clay is gene- rally used to keep the scion moist ; but grafting-wax is aoruetimes used. A useful receipt for the purpose, The Kitchen Garden. Seed Sowing. — The work here will rapidly in- crease in volume, and strenuous efforts must be made to keep pace with it. Peas sown in February will now be up, and if strong growing varieties are very thick in the rows, thinning out may be prac- tised, leaving an inch or more from plant to plant. Draw earth up to the rows, put in the Pea sticks, and in doing so leave a space of about 1 foot between the tops of these, if the Peas are tall sorts, Two more sowings may be made this month of wrinkled Peas, the seed being more sparingly sown than hitherto. Champion of England and Ne plus Ultra are trustworthy varieties for summer use, Potatos. — The season has arrived for planting the main crop, and if the ground is in good order plant- ing need not be delayed. Plant no Potatos on land heavily manured, as this would be at the expense of the crop; and land should be chosen, by preference, that has not carried Potatoes for two or three years. For strong growers, a distance of 2.V feet between the rows is not too much, 1 foot being the space between the tubers. Heavy land should have a liberal dress- ing of burnt refuse or road scrapings, and planting is best done in a shallow way, not using a dibber, always a bad way of planting in heavy land. In very light soil, on the contrary, a dibber may be used, and it is in some cases preferable to any other implement. Broccoli and Borecole of the following varieties may be sown in beds well prepared, Snow's Winter White, Walcheren, Veitch's Self Protecting, also Autumn Giant Cauliflower; Savoys, especially Early I'lm, for autumn use ; Cabbages, Chou de Burghley, Asparagus, and Scotch Kales. Before sowing, the soil should be made moderately firm, and if mice are troublesome, the seed may be damped and rolled in dry red lead. Sow broadcast in drills, and cover with fine soil, smoothing all over with a bright spade. The late varieties of Broccolis, Savoys, Kales, &c, should remain in their packets for at least two weeks later. Asparagus roots may now be planted, the growth being forwarder than is usual in April. These must not be exposed before being planted, and should he lifted carefully with a fork from the seed lines. A covering of ti inches of fine soil should be spread over the roots when they are placed in position in the trench, and made firm about them without injuring the stem. A mulching of short dung may be put over the beds when dry weather sets in. Ridgs Cucumbers. — Seeds of these plants may be sown for planting in May, three seeds being put into a small pot, re- potting t he potl'ul of plants as a whole when requiring it. Vegetable Marrow seeds may also be sown in warmth ; remove the plants to a cool frame after they acquire strength. //. Markham, Mereworth Castle, Maidstone. PLANT PORTRAITS. Odontoolossum Dcvivieranum is, in the opinion of M. Linden, a hybrid between 0. maculatum and 0. nebulosum. The flowers are in racemes, each Hat. star-shaped with lanceolate segments, yellowish, spotted with red; the anterior blade of the lip is lozenge-shaped, retuse white with chocolate blotches. Lindenia. t. 218. BKNANTnERA Lowu, Bevuc de I' Horticulture Beige, March. Kibston Pippin.— This is figured in the February number of the Bulhtin d' Arboriculture, but the figure suggests rather the Blenheim Orange than the true Kibston. Sonrrua Madame II. Ghuson, Illustration Horti- eole, t. 92. — Leaves green, thickly spotted and marbled with white. Vripsea Ghavisiana X, Sewn de. V Horticultvrc Brloe, March. The result of a cross between V. psittacina and V. Barilleti, the latter being the pollen-parent. Zbpuyrantbes Candida, Garden, February 15. 424 THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE [April 5, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the PAPER, and sent as early in the week as possible. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, Src, are also solicited. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not exp:ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they luish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. MEETING. l Royal Horticultural Society : Com- TUESDAY, April 8-j mittees ami Lecture, at West- ( minster. 8HO W. T UESDAY. APRIL 8 \ ^l^ty*}^™1 A9900lati0n 8ALE8. C Roses. Fruit Trees. Shrubs, Border I Plauts. and Bulbs, at Stevens' WEDNESDAY, April <\' Rooms. ,ilies. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, at Protheroe & Morris* Rooms. ( Imported aud Established Orchids, \ at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. APRIL II ( Roses, Greenhouse Plants, &c. at j the City Auction Rooms, by Pro- V theroe & Morris. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 47°. 2. The Anemone is so general a Anemone favourite, that we are sure anv hortensis. , ., ... ,. £ remarks on its cultivation from so experienced a practitioner as Mr. Wolley Dod will be read with interest. Purity of atmo- sphere and intensity of light, other things being equal, seem specially necessary for the develop- ment of the glowing colour in these flowers. At any rate, our own blooms, grown in a suburban garden in a richly manured soil, and fully exposed to the mid-day sun, are dull and " brick-dust "-coloured in comparison with those sent by Mr. Dod, 'whilst those from Ireland are even more brilliant than those from Cheshire. We append Mr. Dod's letter : — "The flowering of the scarlet Anemone from the south of France, commonly called A. fulgens, but properly A. hortensis var. fulgens, has this year been so early and so abundant as to deserve record. Many flowers were open by the middle of January, and a month later the [flowering was general, and though a good deal damaged by the hard frosts of the first week in March, they have now, at the vernal equinox, nearly recovered the effects, and are flower- ing more densely than I have ever before seen. They are grown here in masses all over the garden, from a square foot to a square yard or more in extent ; and from twenty to thirty flowers to each square foot are open at a time. The flowering wanes towards the middle of April, and is quite over by the middle of May. As I frequently hear complaints about the deteriora- tion and failure of this Anemone in cultivation, a few notes on the subject may be useful. The source from which my stock is derived is a vineyard half- way between Bayonne and Pau. Formerly the pro- prietor of this allowed the roots to be collected by all comers, but since the prevalence of Phylloxera, he has become better aware of their value, and sup- plies many thousands every year to English nursery- men. They are in fullest flower in this vineyard from the end of February to the end of March. The ground between the Vines is ploughed twice annually in the summer and early autumn, and the roots of the Anemones alternately buried and brought to the surface. They seem to flower equally well under either condition. They are collected for sale in summer, and the imported roots are an inch long, more or less, and of the thickness, at most, of an ordinary drawing-pencil. In English cultivation they grow to much larger dimensions, but never produce as many flowers in proportion to their size or of so good a colour as in the first spring after their importation. Still it is now three years since I imported any, and I find that, by attention to a few rules, which I will give, they may be grown for several years, if not permanently, without much deterioration in quality. "In the first place, sunshine is life to them, and a sunny place a necessity to their welfare. The soil cannot be too rich, and should be moderately strong. There is no right and wrong side to the tubers, which may be laid in the ground two or three inches apart, four or six or more inches deep, in August or September, or later, according to the time at which they are wished to flower. About the end of May, when they have done flowering, they may be dug up and left on the surface to bake in the sun for a few days or weeks, according to the sun's power. I sometimes spread them under a south wall, and when thoroughly dried and shrivelled remove them to a dry shed, where they lie in a heap till planting time. Others I leave, lying on the surface, the whole summer through. Before planting, the tubers should be broken into small pieces, and if they are planted again, in the same place, the soil must be renewed and enriched. There are few more exhaust- ing crops than Anemones ; if left alone they become matted together in two or three years, and die of absolute starvation. Where the soil is good, and they are thinly planted at first, they may be left alone for two or at most three years, but they are seldom so good the second or third year as the first, " As I have imported 2 or 3 lb. of tubers once in two or three years for twenty years, and as they increase fast, the total quantity in my garden has become very large. Abundance causes carelessness ; clumps get neglected till they seem past recovery, and in a year or two some have quite disappeared, and I often label them, though rather casually, with the date of importation, and am sure that I have many lots in full flowering condition which have been ten years in my garden. A hot summer has great recuperative influence, and two or three sun- less years together produce a marked deterioration ; but I believe that in more sunny counties than Cheshire there need be no limit to the duration of their flowering qualities, if they are properly treated. I attribute the remarkable abundance of flowers this season to the very sunny June of last year, and their earlinessto the wet summer and autumn, which started all spring bulbs prematurely. Those flowers which are produced during January are deficient in colour, tending towards brick red ; and when grown under glass, this deficiency is still more marked. They never attain in Cheshire to the dazzling scarlet they display in their native vineyard. Ten degrees of frost spoils all the flowers which are open ; and fifteen degrees, when they are in flower, withers and turns the leaves brown to an extent from which they do not entirely recover, the subsequent flower- ing being somewhat stunted. The only disease to which I have observed them to be liable is one which causes the leaf stalks to rot through at the base, leaving them loose in the ground. I believe this occurs when they are beginning to feel starved, as I have never noticed it in newly-planted ground. This variety is the only one of the species which I have cultivated with success. Other forms of A. hor- tensis have often been sent to me from the Riviera, but fail for want of sufficient warmth, and the deep rich scarlet variety known as grajca hardly survives a cold season. " I have made enquiries about the cultivation of A. hortensis var. fulgens in the Scilly Isles, where the climate might be thought well suited for so early a flower, but I find that it has been tried with very indifferent success ; though I believe the annual drying has not yet been adopted there. These bright flowers are highly appreciated in the season of Crocuses, wherever I send them." Mr. Markham furnishes us with the follow- ing cultural directions : — " The tubers are usually planted in October if required to bloom the following April, and some- times many of their dazzling blooms open in March. The quickest way of getting up a good stock of tubers is to raise them from healthy seed. If the seeds are sown now they will make nice plants that will bloom next spring. The seed may be sown on well prepared beds outside ; but owing to the slow- ness of germination and the risk of damage in keep- ing the beds free from weeds before the plants are up, it is well to sow in boxes or cold frames, and to transplant the seedlings when large enough into rich soil. If the seed is to be sown outside, the soil should be well worked. The seed should be Bown in drills, and covered with fine sandy soil. When the plants are well up they should be thinned to 2 inches apart or more if required. The seed is somewhat difficult to separate, owing to its being woolly, so that it should be well rubbed together with dry sand. If sown in boxes or pans they should not be placed in heat, a cold frame being a more suitable position to bring [forward the seedling plant till well up, and large enough to put out." Lycaste Skinneri alba (See Supple- ment).— The plant, of which we now place before our readers a representation, is one in the well-grown collection of Reginald Yocnq, Esq., Linnet Lane, Aig- burth, Liverpool, and was the subject of a few remarks in our issue for November 9 last, p. 528. Mr. Young informs us that when photographed the specimen bore sixteen fully expanded flowers, one bud, and that about ten other flower-spikes were starting. It is truly a very showy plant, and this pure white form is one of the most attractive of the numerous variations of Lycaste Skinneri. Horticultural Club.— A house-dinner of the Club took place on the 25th ult., when Mons. Henri de Vilmobin was the guest of the evening. There was a very full attendance of members, repre- senting all classes of horticulture, to do honour to their distinguished guest. The chair, in the absence of Mr. John Lee, was occupied by Dr. Hogg. There were present besides, the Rev. W. Wilks, the Rev. P. H. Gale, Messrs. Shirley Hibberd, Bunyard, Walker, Jefferies, Lyert White, Arnold Moss, Northrup from Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A. ; J. H. Veitch, Herbert J. Veitch, Morris, Crowley, A. F. Barron, Wheeler, Herbst, Prince, Cousens, Turner, &c. The health of the guest was proposed by the Chairman, and responded to in graceful terms by M. H. de Vilmorin. The toasts [were given also of the other visitors, to which Mr. Northrup replied. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The monthly meeting of the committee took place at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, on the 28th ult., Mr. Geoeoe Deal presiding. It was announced that the Supplement to "The Gardeners' Chronicle." April 5th 1890 Lycaste Skinnkki Yak. alba. April 5, 1890.] THE a, 1 1? D E N A' 7? S" C 7/7? ONI (' L E. 425 balance at the bank was £367 13s. 9d, The follow- ing special leceipts were announced by the Secretary : — From Mr. English, as the result of smoking con- certs at the " Windsor Castle," Holborn, £5 ; from Mr. Lewis Castle, for the part proceeds of the sale of the Chrysanthemum Annual, £5; from Mr. W. Roupell, as the proceeds of a lecture on Fruit Culture by himself at Brixton, £G ; also £2 Is., from Mr. Roupell, as annual subscriptions collected by him ; from Mr. A. Pears, Isleworth, a donation of £5 5s. ; from Mr. J. S. Foljambe, Osberton Manor, Worksop, a donation of £5 ; and from the recent benefit at Covent Garden Theatre, the sum of £10 19s. 0'/. Communications were received from several local secretaries. At a later hour there was a meeting of the joint committee for the Floral Fete to be held in the Flower Market, Covent Garden, on May 21 next. It was announced that the Lady Mayoress had kindly consented to open the fSle, that the tickets of admission will be 5s. each, as last year, and the number will be limited to 2000. National Auricula Society.— A committee meeting' will be held of the above Society, at 3 p.m., on Tuesday, April 8, at the Hotel " Wind- sor," Victoria Street, Westminster. •Handy-book for the Young General SERVANT (Procurable from the Author, Kew Green, London, price threepence). Mrs. J. G. Baker has published a little brochure, intended to assist both mistress and servant. Nothing is more weari- some to the former (and it must be equally so to the latter), than the repetition of directions with regard to the simplest duties to be performed in a small household, yet every new " help " needs these directions. This little book, which contains a few common-sense rules for spreading a table properly and other household duties, should be of use to the maid, and lessen the work of the " house-mother " likewise. Torquay Horticultural Society.— The spring exhibition of this Society was held, as usual, in the Bath Saloons on March 27, and was very suc- cessful, being an improvement on late years. Perhaps the most noticeable features were the two groups of Orchids, staged by Mr. G. Lee. gr. to W. Lavers, Esq., and Mr. G. Wedland, gr. to Moreton Sparks, Esq., who were awarded equal 1st. Messrs. J. Slonian, J. Alder, T. Ferris, S. Hunt, II. Dan- verell, A. Satterly were among the chief prize-takers. Messrs. B. J. Veitch & Son, Exeter, offered prizes for Hyacinths, Mr. Ferris showing the best lot. I If nurserymen's exhibits there were several. Messrs. R. J. Veitch & Son, of Exeter, staged a fine collec- tion of Narcissus in great variety. Cyclamens with very fine blooms, and a number of Orchids. Messrs. Curtis & Sandford, Torquay, had a display of over 100 feet of decorative flowering and foliage plants, including cut blooms of Roses. Mr. W. IS. Smale had decorative foliage and flowering plants, and other nurserymen exhibiting were Messrs. Philips & Co., Messrs. Horn & Sons, and Messrs. T. Allwood & Son. Floral Photography— The representation of floral arrangements by means of photography has derived much benefit from the introduction of what are known as the isochromatic plates. As is well known, certain colours, yellow for instance, are represented by dark spots on the ordinary photographic picture, and in this way many delicate flowers, having yellow in them, as have several Orchids and others, are falsely reproduced, and the balance of colour completely thrown out. These vagaries of the camera are due to the varying chemical powers of the different coloured rays of light. The isochromatic plates correct this to a certain extent, and so give a more truthful repre- sentation of the shades of the original. Visitors to the Crystal Palace Flower Show last Saturday might have seen a demonstration of these remarks at Messrs. Edwards' stand, where a graceful com- position of Lily of the Valley, Daffodil, and Hyacinth, in a vase, was shown photographed by both the methods referred to ; in the case where an ordinary plate had been employed, the Daffodils were represented by very dark shadows, but when the isochromatic plate had been used, the Daffodil showed up as being slightly more shaded than the white Lily of the Valley. For landscapes, in which there is much foliage , these plates are also to be recommended. Brighton and Hove Chrysanthemum So- ciety.—We are requested to announce that the date of the next exhibition of this Society has been altered from November 4 and 5 to November 11 and 12. Thus it falls on the same days as the National Chrysanthemum Society's London show, which is unfortunate; but the circumstances are unavoidable, as the building in which the show is to be held has been engaged for the whole of the previous week. February Weather at Grahamstown.— Apropos of the note " Snow in the Riviera, " p. 391, we insert an extract from the letter of a Grahams- town, South Africa, correspondent, dated March 1. " Old England does not stand alone in the matter of rough weather, for we have had a taste of the most inclement during the past few months. After the heavy rains, I mentioned in my last, it got rather dry again (it soon gets dry here), but it began to rain again on February 1, and has continued raining nearly every day since. On Tuesday, the ISth of February, we had a hailstorm that destroyed every- thing in my garden — nothing but the roots left. At the Botanic Gardens the houses are protected by wire netting, and that saved them ; but the garden is wrecked for the time being, and perhaps a thousand squares of glass broken in the frames. Gowie's useful and interesting nursery escaped almost en- tirely. You may judge of the size of the hailstones, and the force with which they fell, when I tell you that a farm-house, at the Fish River, had all the galvanized iron roof perforated with the hailstones as badly as if it had been fired on with grape- shot at a short range.' Ware and District Horticultural Mu- tual Improvement Society.— This Society has held two meetings during the past month. One on the 11th inst., Mr. A. King in the chair, when a paper was submitted to the meeting on " Vine Culture," by Mr. J. C. Parker, and which evoked a capital discussion. The other meeting was on the 2.3th inst., the Rev. E, E. W*. Kirkuv in the chair, when a practical paper on " Mushroom Culture " was read by Mr. E, tVallis. Mushrooms were exhi- bited by Messrs. Bray and (Julians. A lei th discussion followed. The committee are more than satisfied with the progress the Society has made since its birth, but they trust that more of the gar- deners and trader-gardeners of the locality will attend the meetings. Information will be gladly forwarded. The Honorary Secretary is Mr. J. B. Riding, Ware. Show Fixtures. -Richmond (Surrej), June25; Wimbledon, July 9; Leicester, August 5; Clay Cross, August 12 ; and Bolton Chrysanthemum Society, November 11 and 15; Rugby, November 19 and 20. The ancient Society, of York Florists' shows are announced for April 23, May 28, July 9, August 0, September 10, and a Chrisanthemum show will be held on November 19, 20 and 21. "The Garden."— Messrs. Putnam's sons have published under this title a charming little volume, elegantly got up as befits the subject. It treats of "the garden as considered in literature by certain polite writers," and is prefaced by a critical essay by Walter Howe. The " polite writers," from whom extracts have been made, are Pliny the elder, and the younger, Loud Bacon, Sir William Temple, Addison, Pope, Parnkli., Lady Mary Wuimiii Montague, Thomas Whateley, Oliybb Goldsmith, Horace Walpole, and John Evelyn. It is delightful to read these essays once more, and to have them presented to us within one cover. In former times as now, the garden was considered either from an esthetic or a material point of view. Sir William Temple and Evelyn are severely practical ; Bacon does not scorn " Genitings " and Codlins, but he lays it down as an axiom in the royal ordering of gardens. " that there ought to be gardens for all the mouths of the year, in which severally things of beauty may be then in season ; " he has an eye for beauty, and does not forget the " breath of flowers " as a source of pleasure. Walpole's essay in par- ticular is specially worth reading again and again, and his sketch of the works and career of Kent should be read by all concerned in landscape art, and by all who are interested in the career of a very remarkable man. The book is so dainty, that it is hard to avoid quoting at length, but the exigencies of space preclude our doing more than recommend this very elegant production to all who are interested in polite literature. LlLIUM LONGIFLORUM FOR FORCING.— Two houses full of plants in pots of this fine white Japanese Lily are now in bloom in the Fulwell Nurseries of Mr. Wsi, Gordon, of Twickenham. They were potted up as soon as imported, and brought on gradually. So managed they equal the variety of the same species, known as L. Harrisii, or the Bermuda Lily. "Bulletin de l Association pour la pro- tection DES PLANTES. "— The Presidential address read on January 29, contains a record of progress of a satisfactory character on account of the inaugu- ration of the alpine garden on the route to the great St. Bernard, at a height of 1090 metres, and of which we have already spoken. In addition there are numerous articles interesting to the lovers of plants, wil 1 or cultivated, or both. We trust that a Society with so much power for good iu promoting the knowledge of plants, and in securing them from wanton or thoughtless destruction, will receive generouB encouragement. Chiswick Gardeners' Association. — The Annual Dinner of this body took place on the even- ing of the 28th alt., when about forty members and friends attended. Mr. G. Gordon presided, and pre- sented the prizes, to the value of £10 10s., which Mrs. S. A. Lee had again kindly offered, to the successful competitors. The prize-winners were Messrs. Addison, Harry, Rei.cher, Bones, Booker, Miller, Smith, and Wright. Agricultural Produce.— The statistics re- lating to the area under cultivation in Britain, and the yield of the principal crops for 1889, have been published by Eyre & SpOTTISWOODE, West Harding Street, Fleet Street, at a cost of fourpence. Bath and West of England Society.— The Journal of the Society for L889-90 has just been issued. Mainly it is taken up with purely agricultural matters, and with details relating to the show at Exeter. There are, however, other articles interesting to the gardener and the fruit-grower. Dr. Fiikam's paper on the composition of the hay of water meadows is an excellent paper of its kind. Mr. Garland's paper on Apple Culture is likewise full of excellent practical hints ; whilst Sir Thomas Acland's summaries of scientific literature are valu- able to those whose leisure is small, or whose capacity to grasp the details of scientific statement is small. Dr. Charles C. Parry. — Horticulture, says Orchard and Garden, suffers another great loss in the death of this celebrated botanist and explorer who died on February 20, at his home in Davenport, Iowa, from pneumonia, at the age of sixty-six years. Dr. Parry is not known to horticulturists as an author, indeed he published very little, but his real work was as an explorer, and in that capacity he has discovered hundreds of new plants, afterwards de- scribed by Gray and Engelmann. Among the better known of them may be mentioned : Piceapungens, P. 426 THE GA BDENEBS' (JHBONTCL E. [April 5, 1890. P aristata P. to the plant, the current of air is charged with eand. as a botanical Of course the force of the artificial air current must be carefully gauged, so that the sand which is pro- Engelmanni, Pinus Torreyana, Parryana, &c. His life work explorer has been rich in its results, and he has be carefully gaugea, so teat «u uum wju«u .= p-- eiven freely to the world the rich treasures he has jected by the same against the trees or plants w.ll given ireeiy io me »uj not destroy the plants together with the vermin or discovered. " The American Garden."— This monthly periodical is well edited and well got up. The matter is varied and interesting. We notice that some of the American growers are open to the same charge of slip-shod packing for market as our own people ; and that, as with us, the salesman on the other side of the Atlantic has to bear some at least of the blame which properly belongs to the producer himself. Landscape Gardening.— In the last number of Garden and Forest, a list is given of all the principal works on landscape gardening that have been published, beginning with Francis Bacon in 1625, and ending with Walter Howe in 1890, the latter writer, by a coincidence, repeating Bacon's Essay. The article, " The English Flower Garden," attributed to an anonymous writer, was written by the late H. A. Bright, whose " Year in a Lancashire Garden," published in these columns, has had so many successors and imitators. " THOMSON ON THE Vine."— The tenth edition (Blackwood & Sons) of a book tells its own tale, and might be thought to serve as an excuse for an author not revising so successful a treatise, or as exonerating the critic from any notice of a work so well known and so deservedly appreciated. Nevertheless, such popularity imposes upon the author the duty of maintaining his well-earned reputation, and hence we trust that the eleventh edition may experience some further revision in the nomenclature and choice of varieties, and in the physiological explanations offered of growth and of diseased conditions. Some further account of the remarkable success at Cloven- fords would also be desirable. In the matter of soils Mr. Thomson's remarks are worthy of careful perusal, and form perhaps the most valuable part of his book, though not many of his readers can hope to have access to the Deer Park, which he recom- mends. Failing this, '. Thomson's Vine manure is recommended in the body of the work in a manner rather too suggestive of the notices of a patent medicine. This is the more unfortunate, as tending to lessen confidence in a manure that is excellent in its way, and which is highly spoken of by numbers who have tried it. As a practical treatise, though not so complete as some more recent books, it may be strongly recommended. Pastures, Temporary and Permanent.— Dr. Fream has prepared a very useful summary of the experiments conductsd by Mr. Martin J. Sutton at Kidmore, near Reading, with a view to determine the value, from a practical point of view, of certain manures when applied to grass land. The general results agree with those obtained at Rothamsted, but there are points of difference in detail owing to the character of the soil. Nitrate of soda proved to be deleterious to pastures. The difference between pasture and meadow (hay field) is appropriately insisted on, for the vegetation differs materially, and the action of manures also. The present series of experiments is terminated, owing to the removal of Mr. Sutton to a larger holding in the same parish, where there is greater scope for agricultural experiments of all kinds. Process of Removing Insects from PLANTS. — A novel process, by Edwin P. Fowler, of National City, California, consists in dislodging the vermin and mealy-bug by means of a sand- blast, which destroy yearly entire groves of Lemon and Orange trees in Florida, South California, and other tropical States. In carrying out the inven- tion, a fan blower of any suitable construction, or any other apparatus capable of creating an artificial current of air, is employed. The artificial current of air thus created is directed against the tree or Other plant, and in its transit from the fan blower scale, and the sand must be sifted, so that no coarse particles or stones remain mixed with it. If the force of the air current is properly limited, accord- ing to the nature of the plants under treatment, the scale or vermin can be removed without injuring the trees or plants. In some cases it is desirable that the artificial current of air shall be heated, and for this purpose there is combined with the fan blower or other apparatus a suitable heater. It may also be desirable in certain contingencies that the sand which is used for charging the artificial air current shall be hot, and for the purpose of heating the sand before introducing it into the air current, any suit- able heating apparatus may be used. British Mail. The Meteorological Stations in the North of Scotland. — The Council of the Scottish Meteorological Society, in their report, sub- mitted at their annual meeting on Monday, March 31, state that a station has been founded at Boyndie, Banffshire. The observer, the Rev. William Andee- son, has furnished the instruments. A number of stations have been inspected during the year. Weekly observations of temperature, rainfall, and sunshine were forwarded regularly to the Meteorological Council of London, from the Society's stations at Glencarron, Lairg, Fort Augustus, Braemar, Glenlee, Ochterlyne, and Marchmont. Ben Nevis and Fort- William observations have been prepared and brought down to date. In a week or two the buildings of the low level observatory will be completed, and im- mediately thereafter the Council will erect the self-registering instruments, which were originally at Armagh, and otherwise supply a complete set of instruments for a first-class meteorological observa- tory. The directorate of Ben Nevis observatory expect Boon to be in a position to put scientific men in possession of two sets of hourly observations of the most complete description, one from the summit, and the other from the foot of the mountain. By these observations the changes in the condition of the weather may be followed, particularly those great changes so essential to the advancement of knowledge of the approach of storms. Biographical Index of British and Irish BOTANISTS.— From the list of these published in the Journal of Botany for March, we extract the following : — " Neill, Patrick (1776 — 1851) : b. Edin- burgh, 1770 ; d. Canonmills, Edinburgh, Sep- tember 3. 1851 ; bur. Warriston Cemetery, Edin- burgh. LL.D., Edinb. A.L S.. 1S07. F.L.S. 1813. F.R.S. Ed. First Vice-Pres. Bot. Soc, Ed., 183G. Printer. Correspondent of Cuvier. Article, ' Fuci,' in Edinb. Encyclop. Friend of George Don. Col- lected Scotch plants. Secretary, Wernerian So- ciety. Gard. Chron., 1851, 567, 663; Cott. Gard., vii., 121; Greville, 'Algx Brit.,' iv. ; Proc. Linn. Soc, ii., 191 j Banksian Corresp., xii. (Mar. 12, 1801). Neillia D. Don. "INeison, David (d. 1789): d. Timor, July 20, 1789. Kew gardener. Assistant on Cook's third voyage, 1770—1780. On H.M.S. 'Bounty,' 1787. Australian, Cape, and Timor plants, in Herb. Mus. Brit. Fl. Tasmania, cxiii.; Gard. Chron., 1881, ii., 267 ; Brown, Prodr., 481. Nelsonia, Br. "Niven, James (177-1? — 1826) : b. Pennicuik, Edinburgh, 1774?; d. same place, January 9, 1826. Grandfather of the following. Gardener in Edinb. Bot. Gard., at Syon, 1796, to Hibbert, 1798. Col- lected in S. Africa for Hibbert, 1798—1803; and again for Lee and others, 1803 — 1812. Gard. Mag., ii., 255 ; Bot. Rep., t. 193; Trans. Linn. Soc, x., 46, 134 ; Lasegue, 447 ; Trans. Hort. Soc, i. 262. Plants in Herb. Mus. Brit. Nivenia Br. = Para- nomus Salisb. "Niven, James Craig (1828— 18S1) : b. Dublin, 1828; d. Hull, October 16, 1881, Son of the fol- lowing. Asst. Curator atKew, 1852. Curator, Hull Bot. Gard., 1853. Lectured on Bot. at Hull. 'Cat. Herbaceous Plants at Kew,' 1853. Edited Maund's 'Bot. Garden,' 1878. Jacks., 412; Journ. Bot., 1881,352; Gard. Chron., 1881, ii., p. 541, with portr. on p. 589; Life and portr., ' Garden,' xx. (1881). "Niven, Ninian (1799 — 1879): b. 1799; d. Dublin, February 18, 1879. F.B.S. Ed., 1836. Curator, Glasnevin Bot. Gard., Dublin, 1834—1838. ' Companion to the Bot. Gard., Glasnevin, 1838. Pritz., 233; Jacks., 411; Gard. Chron. (1879), xi., 277 ; R. S. C, iv., 627. " Noehden, George Henry (1770—1826) : b. Gottingen, Jan. 23, 1770 ; d. London, March 14, 1826. LL.D., 1796. F.L.S., 1800. Vice-Secretary, Hort. Soc. Librarian, Brit. Mus., 1820. Contrib. to Eng. Bot., 738, 858. ' Varieties of Citrus,' Trans. Hort. Soc. III. Appx. R. S. C. iv., 631; Rose; Hoefer. " North, Richard (fl. 1759). Nurseryman, of Lambeth. 'Treatise on Grasses' and 'Gardeners' Catalogue,' 1759. Johnson, Hist. Gard., 215 ; Pritz. ed. i., 213. "Nutt all, Thomas (1786—1859): b. Long Pres- ton, Settle, Yorksh., Jan. 5, 1786 ; d. St. Helens, Lane, Sept. 10, 1859. Printer. F.L.S., 1813. Emigrated to Philadelphia, 1807; Upper Missouri, 1811 J Arkansas, 1818; Snake River, 1834; Sand- wich Isles and Monterey, 1836. Prof. Bot., Harvard, 1834. Returned to England, 1842. ' Genera of N. American PI.,' 1818. Study-set bought by Brit. Mus. : sets also at Kew, Harvard, and Philadelphia. Pritz. 235; Jacks. 587; R. S. C, iv., 650; Whittle, ' Blackburn as it is,' 1853, 194; Cott. Gard., xxiii., 7,349; Proc. Linn. Soc, 1860, xxvi.; Journ. Bot., 1841, 108. Kuttallia, Torr. & Gray. " Oldham, Richard (1837—1864) : b. 1837 ; d. and bur. Amoy, Nov. 13, 1864. Botanical collector in Eastern Asia. Plants at Kew. Brit. Mus., &c. Journ. Linn. Soc, ix., 163; Journ. Bot., 1866, 239. Desmodium Oldhami, Oliv. Book Notice. History of Botany (1530— 1860). By Julius von Sachs, authorised translation by H. E. F. Garnsey, M.A., revised by Isaac Bayley Balfour, Oxford. Clarendon Press. This is a very pleasantly wiitten treatise on the history of Botany, showing how the great principles of the science have been gradually evolved, and whose were the master minds concerned in the process. Those who desire to know what are the great principles, apart from the overwhelming mass of detail by which workers are necessarily encum- bered, and with which the ordinary text-books are overburdened, may turn to these pages and be sure that, with certain important exceptions, they may obtain from them a general view otherwise most difficult to obtain. Some portions, however, are treated more fully than others. Classification, in the modern sense of the word, hardly receives sufficient attention, and the English reader will be no little astonished to find that neither of the Hookers, nor Berkeley, nor Bentham, nor Asa Gray, receive even casual mention. Dean Herbert, however, we are glad to find, receives recognition as a hybridist. Among Frenchmen A. de St. Hilaire, Moquin Tan- don, Dunal, the two Richards, and others, are similarly not mentioned. Heer and Humboldt are in like caBe, which is tantamount to saying that neither geology nor botanical geography find a place in Pro- fessor Sachs' pages. The omissions we have alluded to are hardly to be explained by the author's prin- ciple of selection, which was to " single out as the true heroes of our story [those men] who not only established new facts, but gave birth to fruitful thoughts, and made a speculative use of empirical material." But withal, the book is a valuable contribution to the literature of botany, and the Clarendon Press has done good service in publishing it. The trans- lation is well done, and the work is produced with the care and neatness characteristic of the Oxford Pre«s. Apeil 5, 1890.] THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. 427 Plant Notes. PEPEROMIA RESEDIFLORA. As its specific name implies, the flower resembles somewhat those of the Mignonette, departing from the majority of plants comprising this large genus, which are more generally valued horticulturally for their foliage than flowers. The latter are white, pro- duced on erect pyramidal terminal panicles ; the leaves small, entire, of a dark green colour. At the time of flowering, the plants attain a foot or 18 inches in height, and flowers useful for cutting. They are of easy growth, and any piece of the stem with a node attached, as well as the leaves, may be used for propagation. Pans are suitable in which to grow Peperomias, and a compost of loam, leaf-mould, and sand. Amobphophallcs Rivibbi. These plants will hardly ever become general favourites unless it be their foliage which recom- mends them ; for who can admire a flower while emitting a most noisome odour. The same kind ef cultivation as that which is applied to the Caladiums is suitable for Amorphophallus, keeping them warm during the period of rest, or rotting may occur. Water at the roots or bulbs is not of so much con- sequence as keeping them in a warm temperature. The scape appears before the leaves, aud upon showing signs of growth, which will be during the beginning of the year, they should be repotted into good fibrous loam, leaf-soil, and sand, giving very little, if any water until they commence to make leaf-growth. The scape is thick and speckled, the spadix rising in a tapering manner out of the spathe, being of reddish-brown colour. They attain a yard or more in height, which depends upon the age and strength of the bulb. The leaves are solitary, de- compound, and spreading 3 or 4 feet or more in diameter, with marbled petioles. It is a native of Cochin-China. The plant is effective for sub- tropical gardening. Some fine examples have been in flower in one of the houses here lately. Alpinia mdtica. This plant requires a large house and much warmth. It has recently been flowering freely in the palm house of the Cambridge Botanic Gardens. The flowers are produced in terminal, drooping racemes, on the stems, which are of about annual duration ; the buds are glossy, the lip of which is of a rosy hue ; the large lower lip is yellow and crimson in colour, and resembles the feathers of a peacock in its venation. To have these plants in full beauty, they should be grown either in large pots or tubs, so as to get a good mass of its canna-like stems ; and when the new growths have advanced somewhat, the old flowering growths may be cut away and re-potting attended to, if the rhizomes have become thickly crowded. It is a good plan to divide them into halves with a spade, reversing the pieces so that the outsides may occupy the inside or centre of the pot or tub, and employing as potting compost good fibrous loam, two-third peat and leaf mould, with a liberal addition of sand. When in full growth the plant can scarcely be overwatered, and it is benefited with an occasional application of liquid manure or dry artificial manure applied to the surface of the soil. Introduced from Borneo, 1882. A. ALUO-LINEATA, Is a dwarfer growing species from New Guinea. A. NUTANS. A very tall grov/ing species is suitable for planting out-of-doors in well drained positions. A. VITTATA, Is a very pretty variegated form, introduced from the South Sea Islands. W. Harrow, Botanic Garden, Cambridge. JaCABANDA M1MOSIFOLIA. The foliage- of the above is graceful and good to use in large vases in the place of Fern fronds. Though not so hardy as Grevillea, it can be properly made use of when flower vases are required for a short time only, such as in dinner table decoration, or the like. When used for long periods, the plants should be placed in a cool temperature after their growth is finished. Propagation is by cuttings, a few inches long, taken off with a heel and placed in sandy compost in heat. Young plants themselves are good subjects for decorative work, their light graceful foliage being always telling. G. Wythes, Syon Gardens. Begonia manicata. This fine old species of Begonias is invaluable for enlivening the stove at this period of the year ; and its graceful panicles of rosy flowers are equal in beauty to many Orchids. A few plants of it should be found in every garden having a stove. Not that it is essentially a stove plant ; as it succeeds per- fectly in a lower temperature, and with very simple treatment during the greater part of the year. I have one specimen in bloom just now, in a 9-inch pot, that is 3 feet in height, and which is carrying twenty-seven panicles of flowers, its large and characteristic foliage reaching down to the bottom of, and concealing the pot. As soon as it has flowered, any growths which may have taken the lead are cut back, to give the plant a balanced head, and the plant removed to the late vinery, when growth soon commences. It is then re- potted if that be required, but over potting is avoided, the soil consisting of good loam, plenty of leaf-mould, with a liberal addition of sand. During the summer months it is removed to a cold un- shaded frame, and abundance of air is afforded it to ripen the new growths, weak manure-water being afforded occasionally. The foliage must not be wetted when the sun is powerful, or scalding will ensue. In autumn it is removed to the greenhouse and watered sparingly, until it shows for bloom, when it is removed to the stove ; for if allowed to remain in a low temperature at this stage, the buds fall prematurely. The tops which were taken oil" after flowering, make, when struck, nice little plants for dinner-table decoration. But as this variety in common with others of the Rex type has a tendency to grow with the foliage on one side, or with " a face," two cuttings should be inserted in one pot, which will quickly root if placed in bottom-heat, being afterwards treated like the larger ones ; they will bear two or more panicles each, and be very effective. W. II- Stephens, Prescot House, Stourbridge. CAEEON HOUSE. Tins ancient seat in Stirlingshire, now so favour- ably known for the fine gardens and extensive grounds which have of late years been formed, was a place of some note more than half a century ago, but for many years it remained in a state of decay, almost ceasing to represent any of the features of a county residence. The roofless old mansion mantled with Ivy, gives indication of grandeur long past, and might now be turned into an object of interest for the growth of l'Vrns and rock plants. The fine shelter given to the grounds by the gigantic trees of Beech, Willows, Planes, Birch, and ( hiks, show that in the first planning of the place, the work had been done with consummate care, and this has doubtless been perceived by the present spirited proprietor, T. 1). Brodie, Esq., of Gairdoch and Idvies, whose refined taste and liberality have prompted him to restore this fine old property to its former beauty and usefulness. For this purpose, the services of Mr. M. Temple were secured about seven years ago, and he has performed his duties with marked energy and skill, working a complete trans- formation in the whole scene. Old and useless orchards, decaying shrubs, &c, have been swept away, and in their stead extensive lawns beautifully kept have been formed ; large breadths of choice shrubs, Conifers, and other trees extensively planted in the garden and park, and always in desirable positions, securing embellishment and shelter, whilst every view and desirable object in the landscape has been taken advantage of. Roads, drives, and walks have been renovated, and other service-walks are being formed, but in every case these are con- cealed from view as much as circumstances will allow. Passing to the gardens, of which little that is old remains — with the exception of some fruit trees which have been reduced in size and replanted or root pruned — their appearance has been completely changed. We noticed in passing through a reserve garden, numbers of plants in pots, arranged in order for decorative purposes, and for supplying cut flowers during the winter. These consisted of Deutzias, Cytisus, Rhododendrons, Sparmania africana, Roses, Acacias, Spiraas, and others, all of them healthy and vigorous. In low glass-houses and pits were numbers of Epacris, Ericas, Camellias, Daphnes, and other greenhouse plants. Azaleas, to give flower from November to June, were healthy, aud consisted of well-formed plants, of from 2 feet to 5 feet in height. The principal range of span-roofed plant-houses is 300 feet in length, substantially built, conveniently arranged, and hand- some in appearance. A broad gravel-walk is in front, and some hundreds, mostly in 12-inch pots, of vigorous Chrysanthemums growing, ran the whole length of this range. A show-house was entered that was 45 feet long and 24 feet wide, lofty, and of octagon form. This house was filled with Hydrangeas, Calceolarias, Pelargoniums, espe- cially of the French decorative class ; double Petunias, Lilium Harrisi, and L. auratum, in fine form ; Fuchsias, Dracamas, Lapageria rosea, and L. alba, and many others, with a band of Harrison's Musk running along each side of the path, which runs down the centre of the house. The rafters are well clothed with Cobcea scandeus varie- gata, planted at equal distances apart ; Roses, Lapa- gerias, Clematis in variety, all falling thickly, and yet gracefully, and affording slight shade to the plants beneath. A large rain-water tank lies under the floor, which is an arrangement that is carried out all along the divisions of this range. A cool Orchid-house adjoins, which is arranged on the most modern principle, and filled with a vigorous collection of Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, Colte- gynes, &c. Some fine spikes of Odontoglossum Alexandra were in flower, and others were throwing up flower-spikes. Ferns, small Palms, Lycopodiums and other interesting plants, were interspersed amongst the Orchids, and gave clothed appearance to the whole. The next house entered was a stove for flowering plants, which were in fine order. Gardenias, Stephanotis, Tabermeniontana, Anthu- riums, Begonias (of the finer sorts), Cliveas, and Pan- cratiums. Lines of fine Gloxinias were a mass of flower, and consisted of almost every shade of colour. From this house a stove was entered, in which fine foliage plants were grown. There were finely- coloured Crotons, Dracaenas, Pandauus Veitchii, Cyperus, &c, all thoroughly clean and vigorous. These are a class of plants much in request by the family during the winter months, and the proprietor derives special pleasure in aiding his neighbours (who cannot command the use of stoves) to decorate their halls and churches, and other places, thus rendering it necessary for the gardener to have plenty of such plants. An Orchid-house contained a collection of choice Dendrobium nobile, Wardianum, Devonianum, &c, which had made good growth last season. Cattleyas and Calanthes are also largely grown. The next house we entered was one set apart for Begonias, Pelargoniums, and Coleus, which was at the time of our visit the most brilliant in the whole range. The last division of the range is a structure similar in form to the one at west end, and is called the Camellia and Orange-house. The Camellias, of pyramidal form, were well studded with flower-buds, and in fine healthy condition, and of an average height of 7 feet. Standard Orange trees with clean straight stems were about 8 feet in height. There were fine healthy Palms mixed among the Camellias to add to 428 THE GA li D E NE R S ' < 'HU O Nl CL E. [April 5, 1890. the effect, also variegated Phormiums, Tree Terns, Cordylines, Heaths in variety, and dense masses of Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora. This range of glass bounds the kitchen garden on the south. A range of fruit houses forms the northern boundary of this garden, and is about the same length as the plant range. The divisions of the range are 17 feet in height and IS feet wide, and are three-quarter spans. Judging from the excellent crops of Grapes and Peaches produced every season, it would appear that they are thoroughly adapted for fruit grow- ing. Black Hamburgh, Muscat, Hamburgh, and Duke of Buccleuch, with bunches of from 2 lb. to 5 lb. weight, large in berry, were being cut. Later houses were filled with Muscats (black and white), and others ; the bunches of the two kinds named averaged from 2 lb. to 5 lb. Lady Downes and Gros Colmar were also very fine. In the Peach and Nectarine houses the fruits were of great merit ; the trees are faultlessly trained, and in good health. In another house for giving late supplies of Peaches, there were fine crops of Barrington, Sea Eagle, Violette HiUive. The pineries consist of four divi- sions, and in these were numbers'of first-rate Queens, swelling and ripening. In these houses on the back shelves were great quantities of Melons, Blenheim Hybrid and Beechwood being among the best. Ranges of sheds, Mushroom-house, fruit-houses, &c, have been built on the most approved principles. Passing under a number of fine old Thorn trees, the excellence of the crops in the kitchen garden was noted, and which Mr. Temple stated were about the best he had ever had. The walls are covered with finely trained trees, all forms being represented, but fan-training is held in the highest favour. We passed outward through a very pretty flower garden, formed a few years ago, which was remarkably gay. At the further end of this garden two lines of terraces have been formed, and fine specimens of Golden Hollies, Cupressus, Retinosporas, and Rhododendrons planted at the back to mask old buildings, a job which has been very well accomplished. Long lines of Roses and herbaceous plants are tended with the same care as every kind of plant grown. Much is yet to be undertaken in extending, and improving, this fine old place. John Downie. succession I accompanied Mr. Broome in his myco- logical rambles ; we were each provided with a short- handled rake, a garden trowel, and vasculum or basket. As a beginner, I thought Truffle finding must be very difficult, the fungi being to a great extent subterranean, but after a few excursions with Mr. Broome, I soon found many of the difficulties re- TRUFFLES— TRUE AND FALSE. An erroneous idea is very prevalent that Truffles are rare, and that there is only one kind of Truffle ; another but more correct idea is, that Continental Truffles are far better than British examples. The fact is, one native species only, and that a comparatively inferior one, is usually consumed in Britain, whilst upon the Continent several species of various degrees of gastronomic merit are prepared for the table. It is true that our British species, named Tuber resti- vum, is sold in continental markets with other Truffles, but it is held in poor esteem as compared with better varieties. The different species of Truffle are not always equally common, so that sometimes inferior species are used upon the Con- tinent because the choicer varieties cannot be procured. It is, indeed, possible to preserve the different species for several years, but at times the stock of the best varieties will run short. In periods of great scarcity, fungi that are not Truffles at all are used for stuffing turkeys, &c. The best makers of " Perigord pie," or pate dc fate c/ras, are very par- ticular as to the Truffles they use, but the inferior makers are much less particular. The black pieces of Truffle as seen in stuffed fowls poulard truffi, Perigord pie, &c, are considerably alike in general appearance ; but a resort to the microscope generally shows what species of Truffle has been used, or whether the black masses are fragments of Truffles at all. It is a notable fact that the spores of Truffles are not altered in form or marking in the process of cooking. The late Mr. C. E. Broome, F.L.S., of Batheaston, was a great collector of, and authority upon Truffles of all kinds, and for a great number of years in X-SOO- FIG. 63.— BRITISH TRUFFLE— TUBEII 43TIV0M. moved. Whilst going through plantations, Mr. Broome would suddenly stop and say, "This looks exactly like a place for Tuber macrosporum," or, " We ought to find Tuber rufum here," and so on. Probable Truffle localities were known to Mr. Broome by the nature and condition of the soil, and by the presence of certain trees. On using the rake and trowel, the species sought for would be more often found than not, and the mycelium in the earth would show in which direction other examples should be looked for. When found the odour, or mere external X-2CO- ' x-soo FIG. 64.— FBE-VCH TRUFFLE— Tl'BER MELAXOSPORl'M. appearance, was often sufficient for naming the species. If the Truffles did not happen to be found, Mr. Broome would Bay, "Ah, you come here in December " (or July, as the case might be), "and I believe you will find them." Truffles, in a popular sense, belong to two great families of fungi, one the Gasteromycetes (to which Puff-balls, &c, belong), and in which the spores are naked, i.e., borne on simple spicules, or supports, within the substance of the Puff-ball, or Truffle. In the other instance, to the family Ascomycetes, in which the spores (or sporidia) are borne within the substance of the Truffle in small transparent asci, bladders, sacs, or bags. These different methods of •pore growth are shown in the accompanying illus- trations. The chief Truffles of European markets belong to the family Ascomycetes, and to the order Tuberacei, and to this order the first references will be made. There are various genera belonging to the order, and the most important genus is Tuber. All the species, in all the genera are (or should be) subterranean or partially so. The British Truffle, Tuber aistivum (fig. 03), is well known, and much more common than is generally supposed. It is a northern species, and is usually about the size shown in the illustration, often half as large again or nearly twice the size, whilst sometimes a single example may weigh nearly 2 lb. It is stated in the Gar- deners' Chronicle for 1871, p. 1044, that Truffles sometimes weigh 3 or 4 lb. each, and measure a foot round. T. restivuni is black and polygonally warted outside, and beautifully mottled with white and yel- lowish-brown inside — see section b, fig. 63. It may be found in perfection as early as July, whilst its period of maturity lasts well into the late autumn. It grows in copses, hedgerows, and open placts in plantations gregariously with other species of Tuber, and gene- rally prefers plantations of Beech, Oak, or Bircli (rarely Pine), on argillaceous or calcareous soil. The odour of T. ajstivum is exceedingly potent, and to some persons very agreeable. The odour is easily detected in plantations where Truffles grow, the scent attracts certain flies, popularly termed " Truffle flies ; " but the flies are probably not peculiar to the Truffle, although some writers have asserted that flies " cause " Truffles. In England till lately this species of Truffle was sold at 2s. and 3s. (rarely 5s.) per pound, but of recent years it seldom appears in the markets. The trade of Truffle-finding is said to have been ruined in this country by the taxation of the Truffle-dogs. In past times Truffle- finders in England employed trained mongrel terrier dogs to " point " localities for Truffles by scent. The French use a kind of French poodle. Squirrels also find it by scent, and scratch out and eat it. Rata and mice, and pigs are also exceedingly fond of it, and some dogs will eat it. This Truffle is frequently seen half exposed above-ground, at other times it is met with some 3 or 4 inches beneath the surface, never deeper as far as my experience goes, although it is said to be sometimes found a foot or two deep. I have seen in some places calcareous ground rough and broken up by the growth of these fungi, many of the examples being half exposed. Tuber xstivum is often badly attacked by a microscopic fuugus belonging to the genus Pythium. A beetle, named the Truffle beetle, Anisotoma cinnamomea, with its larva, is described and illustrated by Professor Westwood in the Gar- deners' Chronicle for February 21, 1885, p. 248 ; this beetle is not uncommon (fig. 60, p. 429). Tuber ;cstivum is best used when mixed with other mate- rials in stuffing ; it gives a strong and peculiar flavour, but the individual particles of Truille always remain hard, and are no doubt very indigestible. Some persons greatly relish the water in which chopped-up Truffles have been boiled. Our illustration ( tig. 63) shows Tuber ajstivum the natural size at a, with section, b. The spores are borne generally in fours, in minute trans- parent asci, or bags, as shown at c, enlarged 200 diameters, the yellowish-brown honeycombed spores are interesting objects for the microscope ; one is shown at r>, enlarged 500 diameters. The true French Truffle is Tuber melauosporum (fig. 64). The species, however, grows in Italy and other places in Europe, and probably in Britain, although, as far at I know, it has not yet been recorded. In France and Italy this fungus grows gregariously with the last, and with T. brumale, a British species ; the latter is sometimes con- founded with the plant now before us. T. melanosporHBl 13 a winter species, found frcm 1890.] THE G. 1 R I) EXE li S ' OHli OX I CL E. 429 October to January, usually in plantations of Beech or Oak ; it is globose, bright brown or black in colour, and covered with rufescent black, obscurely polygonal warts, A ; the interior, b, is at first dirty- white, then blackish-grey, and violet-black, or dark reddish, marbled with white. The brown spores are borne in groups of from one to six in colourless bags or asci, as shown enlarged 200 diameters at c. Each spore, as may be seen at E, enlarged 500 diameters, is covered with minute tubercular projections. When a single spore only occurs in an ascus, it is usually a very large one ; when six occur, they are usually small. This Truffle, although a winter species, is often found in July and August growing with T. ajstivum, but it is then manifestly immature. It is not ripe till December, when it is fully coloured, and possesses a strong Strawberry odour. After gathering, the odour greatly increases in potency and sharpness, and in the process of drying for the herbarium the scent becomes almost unbearable, but never entirely unpleasant. This is the Truffle used in the best pate de foic gras and poulard truffe, and an examina- tion of these preparations with the microscope will soon show whether the true Truffle has been used or not, as the spores are distinct in shape. The ap- proved method of preparing Truffled turkey on the Continent is to pluck the bird directly it is killed, and whilst still warm to entirely stuff it with Truffles; the turkey is then hung till in a fit state for cooking. Sometimes Chestnuts are mixed with the Truffles, and some epicures say this mixture gives a better flavour to the turkey than Truffles alone. Sometimes the French Truffle is, after clean- ing, simply plunged into boiling water, and quickly boiled for a short time. It is then eaten hot, or cut up and eaten with oil. The entire Truffle trade of France is said to be worth, to the original producers, £400,000. In Tuber melanosporum, as in all other Truffles, it is common to see spores in the process of germination whilst still within the parent Truffle; three germinating spores are shown at D. This Truffle sometimes sells for 15 francs per pound in France and Italy. Tuber brumale is an autumn and winter Truffle, and a British species. In Uritain it is generally much smaller than the two last, its average size being about that of a hazel nut, black, and polvgonally warted outside ; and ashy-black, marbled with a few white veins inside. It sometimes grows 2 or ;i inches beneath the ground surface, but I have seen it in abundance entirely superficial under Cedars. The odour is very strong, like the wood of Cornus sanguinpa, according to Vittadini. This Truffle generally grows under Oaks and Abele in grassy places, and is mature in October, November, and December; it is said to be a good edible species, with an agreeable taste. It is often used in fine grot, where it is somewhat difficult to distinguish from T. melanosporum, as the spores, though not identical, are somewhat similar both in size, colour, form, and echinulation. This species is said to be more highly esteemed in France than T. njstivum. Personally, I disapprove of T. brumale for the table. The Italian Truffle is Tuber magnatum (fig. G5) ; this has not been recorded as a British species. It is an autumn or early winter Truffle, and does not usually grow in a gregarious manner as in the three species already described, but generally in isolated examples. Externally, T. magnatum is smoothish, or very slightly rough or papillose, often lobed and cracked, and pallid-ochreous — sometimes shaded with reddish or greenish in colour. The flesh is at first white, then brownish or blackish-red, marbled with yellow veins, B. The asci and spores some- what resemble those of the English Truffle, but the yellowish spores are smaller and are borne from one to four in each ascus. T. magnatum grows in clayey soils, in plantations or open fields, under Willows, Poplars, and Oaks. As in many other Truffles, the odour of this plant is most potent; it has been compared with decaying cheese and Onions, or Garlic. This Truffle is very different from those already described in its colour, in its almost smooth external surface, and in its Garlic odour. It is sold in Italian markets for about 4 francs per pound. The following notes of the habits of the other British species of Tuberacei as observed in this country have not, as far as I know, been hitherto published : — ■ Tuber macrosporum. — In clayey places under Oaks and Beeches, rarely Willows and Poplars. Some times rather near the surface, at other times deep underground. T. bituminatum, B. & Br. (this is the T. mesen- x zoo ' x-soo FIG, 65.— ITALIAN i Ul l M.i -n in H UA6KATUM. tericum of Vittadini). — In sandy ground, calcareous soils and calcareous clays, deep beneath the surface. T. scleroneuron, B. & Br. (this is the T. rufum of Vittadini). — Like the last, deep in sand or sandy ground. T. excavatum. — Generally quite superficial, under dead leaves. Not edible. T. brumale. — Commonly 2 or 3 inches deep. When under Cedars quite superficial. FlO. 66. IHI'ITU: BEETLE. T. rufum. — Two or 3 inches deep. T. nitidum. Vitt.— This is merely the young con- dition of the last. Habitat the same. T. puberulum. — In loose sand or leaf-mould, 2 or 3 inches deep. T. dryophilum. — Same as last. T. maculatum. — Loose leaf-mould, 3 or 4 inches deep. Pachyphltnus melanoxanthus, Tul. — In loose soil and leaf-mould, 2 or 3 inches deep. P. citrinus.— Same as last. P. conglomeratus.— Superficial, on dead sticks under leaves, &c. Stevensia bombycina. — On lawns, Sec, almost superficial, sometimes an inch or two deep. Hydnotria Tulasni.— Generally 6 or 8 inches deep in sand. Hydnobolites cerebriformis.— Superficial, under dead leaves. Sphrerosoma ostiolatum.— Same as last. Balsamia platispora. — Almost superficial, but immersed in fallen Fir leaves. B. vulgaris.— Same as last. B. fragiformis.— Superficial, covered with dead leaves. Genea verrucosa.— Same as last. G. Klotschii. — Same as last. G. hi3pidula.— Sometimes superficial, often just beneath the surface, involved in grass roots. Elaphomyces.— Four or 5 inches beneath the soil. Endogene.— These fungi, doubtfully belonging to the Tuberacei, occur near the surface, but sometimes 3 or 4 inches below it. Worthinqton G. Smith, Dunstable. (To be continued.) DOUBLE DAFFODILS FROM SEED. In 1884 we were just entering upon the Daffodil campaign which has led to such good results. Our knowledge of Daffodils was then hazy, and there were many matters in doubt at that time which have since been cleared up. Amongst these was the origin of the double Daffodil. Our valued friend, Mr. Wolley Dod, was busy with his investigations to prove that singles could not become double by culti- vation—a theory which then had general acceptation ; and he was beset with assertions that singles had become doubles in all quarters. He conclusively proved that all these were not facts, and up to the present time I believe that no single instance of a single becoming a double Daffodil has been proved. Mr. Ban- had sent him double Daffodils which had come from the banks of the Arno in Tuscany, and he went so far as to suggest that they might have been introduced from England. {Gardeners' Chronicle, March 1, 1SS4, p. 272.) To this I replied the following week (p. 309) :— " Is it possible that these double Daffodils have been introduced from England. It is certainly pos- sible, but it is improbable. I gave it as my opinion that doubles come as seedlings, and may happen any year from a single form, and that in such a simple flower as a Daffodil the double would always be similar wherever they arose ; that princeps would produce the bicolor mixture of petals; and obval- laris, the self yellow doubles, and so forth." I then went on to say:— "Is it possible that the double Daffodil is a species, having the power of per- petuating its quality by seeds? To this paragraph the Editor put a [?]. This query led me to investi- gate the question carefully, and to endeavour to prove the truth of my theory. This proof was forth- coming shortly afterwards at the Daffodil Conference, and the Linnean Society. I was able to show that the popular idea that a double Daffodil had no stamens and pistils, was erroneous — and I produced flowers in every stage of doubling, and with the ovaries containing seeds. Up to that time even ex- perienced growers, such as Mr. Krelage and Mr. Barr, had never seen ripe seed from a double Daf- fodil. The Editor of the Gardeners' Chronicle also stated, p. 687, that he had never seen seeds, although he had examined a large number of double flowers with ovaries. On June 24, the same year, I gathered a ripe batch of seed from a double flower, and on November 22, I reported that the seeds had produced plants. Since that time I have frequently observed the same seed- ing, and I believe a good many others have a like experience. We have here a bed of seedlings all from doubles — and on looking over it to-day I find there are three flowers all doubles. This, therefore, completes the proof, as we have double flowers from seed gathered from a double flower. W. Tirockbank, Brockhurst, Didsbury, March 30. 430 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. Home Correspondence. HOME-GROWN LILY OF THE VALLEY.— There can be no doubt that, if we were to confine ourselves to forcing such examples of Lily of the Valley as are commonly found in old-established gardens and in our woods, as we used to do in our early days, the robust crowns of Continental growth would leave us very far behind ; therefore, those who wish to grow their own Lily of the Valley roots for forcing, should cultivate one or other of the Con- tinental types. Our entire stock is the produce of a few imported clumps of the Berlin variety; even for out-of-door beds this kind is far superior to the common kinds of our gardens. As for some years Lily of the Valley has been here in constant request from early December until the finishing of the out- of-door supply, we have, therefore, had to pay considerable attention to its regular production. Our system has been to make new plantations every year, and to allow these to stand two or three years before lifting the roots for forcing, the three-year- old beds being mostly best. Lifting the roots generally commences early in November, and for forcing up to March ; we always use single crowns, sufficient roots being lifted at one time to afford two or three batches of crowns. Before sepa- rating the clumps they are allowed to dry a little ; the crowns then separate more readily, and appear to force all the better than when lifted and put into heat at once. Separating or picking out the flower- ing crowns requires experience; when this is attained, a good hand rarely fails in his judgment. The flower-spikes are formed in the base of the crowns before the time of lifting, and renders them stout and rigid to the pressure of the finger and thumb, and their presence is in this way detect* d. We force the crowns planted thickly in moss, and covered with it, the moss resting on slates over a chamber heated by hot-water pipes. The moss is kept constantly moist, and when the spikes of flower are well up, the roots are potted into 48-size pots, put- ting seven to nine plants in a pot ; these are use d for room decoration in vases, &c. For cutting the plants are either left until the flowers are cut, or they are planted in pans or pots of larger size. At the time of picking out the crowns for forcing, the next strongest are put on one side for making new plantations ; the planting of these is usually done early in the year, the plants being planted in rows 8 or 10 inches apart, and 3 or 4 inches apart in the rows. Our plants have been grown in borders of different aspects, but the roots have usually turned out best from a border with a western aspect. In preparing the borders, a good dressing of leaf-mould is dug in, and the crowns are mulched with leaf- mould, and receive a fresh covering in spring each year till lifted. Grown in this way, the plantations rarely require water in hot or dry weather, which, after full development of the leaves, tends to ripen the crowns. I should also mention that our prac- tice is to take care of any single crown that deve- lops an extra fine flower-spike, and to grow it on for future plantations, as we find such crowns and their increase usually retain extra strength. John Wallis, Orwell Vark. ORCHID NOMENCLATURE.— The long deferred settlement of this question upon Orchid nomen- clature has led many to doubt its accomplishment during the lives of the present generation of Orchidologists. Five years ago much was expected to result from the Orchid Conference, unhappily frustrated by the absence of one whose assistance' would have been weighty on the subject. Now, after a considerable lapse of time, a committee appointed by the Royal Horticultural Society is carefully deliberat- ing and considering a report upon the subject. As we must presume this committee was selected for its individual capability, why were theprivate suggestions, published the other day in the Orchidophilc, made to the committee at all? Would it not have been better to have left them to furnish their own well- discussed suggestions to the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society without interference of any kind? There is no doubt that suggestions ex- pressing the unanimous deliberations of this qualified body of gentlemen will be eagerly looked for and accepted, and we may venture to hope that it will not be long delayed. Whilst deliberating on this subject, there appears a phase which has not attained sufficient attention, I mean amongst the more learned in orchidology — the adoption of some means of giving publicity and pro- mulgating the name at present in use in the Orchid world to those who lack books of reference other than trade catalogues. To note a case in point, Bifrenaria Harrisoni, as reported at p. 358, March 22, 1890, would appear to be quite a new plant. Cata- logues being of no use to find out the name of this old Orchid, specimens of which at Messrs. Veitch & Sons are bearing two or three dozen flowers on each plant. To those initiated, the plant is Bifrenaria Harrisoni.T.originallycalled Dendrobium Harrisonios, Hooker, Exotic FL, ii., t. 120, there figured from a drawing made by Mrs. Harrison, of Aigburth, Liver- pool, in whose honour the plant was named. Hooker also figured it in the Hot. Mag., vol. lvi., t. 2927, and Lindl., in Paxt. Fl. Gard., iii., Xylo., 277, as Maxil- laria Harrisonise. Don mentions it in the Appendix to Hortus Cantahridgensis as Lycaste Harrisonise, and Lindley, JBot. Beg., 897, Colax Harrisonioe. It was introduced in 1820, and is one of the ten species referred to in Hooker and Bentham, Gen. Plantarum, Nator. Orehidcir to Gen., 116 ; Bifrenaria, Lindl. Another plant referred to in your columns, p. 288, March 8, placed accidentally amongst " New or Note- worthy Plants," instead of " Orchid Notes and Gleanings," Xylobium Colleyi, Rolfe, cultivated with the aforesaid by Rollissons of Tooting, Don of Cambridge, &c, as Lycaste Colleyi, Lindl. _ Maxil- laria Colleyi, Bateman, referred to in Don's Hortus Cantahridgensis was the first in the list of sixteen Lindleyan Maxillarias of the section racemosa (Xylobia) referred in Hooker's and Bentham's Gen. Plant. Nator. Orchidca>, to the Lindleyan untenable genus, Xylobium. A note of the plant, taken many vears ago, is not encouraging : a brown-flowered Orchid, with sessile racemes of few flowers, Hort. Rollisson ; it was introduced from Demerara in 1836. Another instance will suffice for the present. Dendrochilum glumaceum, mentioned in Gardenem Chronicle, March 15, p. 336, is more correctly stated Platyclinis glumacea, Gardeners' Chronicle. March 22, p. 358. Ipsea speciosa, referred to at p. 336, is now referred to the genus Pachystoma, &c. W. Ethcrington Dixon, Edinburgh. [The list of garden Orchids in course of publication in our columns is the most authoritative and complete of its kind. Ed.] CLIANTHUS PUNICEUS.— This fine old green- house plant is rarely seen in such perfection as it may now in the conservatory at Umberslade Hall, Warwickshire, the seat of G. F. Muntz, Esq. It is planted out, and covers a considerable amount of space upthesideandundertheroofof the conservatory, and is a sheet of flower. An ordinary flat stage is over the hot-water pipes, and at the back of these is the Clianthus, which was planted a few years since in loam and leaf- soil and a little rotten manure. W. D. THE FLOWERING ASH. — We have two large specimens of this beautiful tree growing here and flowering every year, from about the middle of May till early in June. They never set seed, and are grafted about 1 foot above the ground. The Hon. Mrs. Hope, Belmont, Midlothian. PARSLEY. — I have found Parsley which has stood through the winter rot away at the heart, and the leafage dead or dying. The result, according to my experience, does not differ from what it has been durin g harder or moister winters, that I had begun to attribute the mischief to some new fungus ; but turning to a quantity of plants which had, for con- venience, been lifted in early winter, and dibbled out into rows, and which, whilst having lost their outer leaves, had made small clusters of new ones, I found not one of these plants to be injured in any way, and therefore came to the conclusion that the rot was induced by the settling of moisture about exposed crowns or centres, which had plenty of outer leafage, but no cluster of young leaves to protect them. as the transplanted plants had; and the frosts had finished what the moisture began. It is worthy of remark that some plants of the Moss-curled Parsley not transplanted have stood unharmed. The experience of the winter — and we should always take note of the warnings the various seasons give — will induce me to lift and transplant all the Parsley roots I want to save not later than October, so that time will be given for the crowns to produce those tufts of new leafage which have proved to be so protective to the crowns during the past winter. We will not hastily rush to a conclusion that some new disease is attacking our Parsley, or that the stocks are becoming too tender. Evidently the cause of this unlooked-for decay is of a tentative kind, and may not occur again soon ; still it is well to be prepared, and I think early transplanting will meet the evil fully henceforth. A. D. CABBAGE LETTUCE. — The perusal of your very interesting article in last week's issue of the Gar- deners' Chronicle, induces me to send plants for your inspection of Golden Queen, grown, as you see, in 60-pots. A salad all the year round is compara- tively an easy matter where the Cos and Endive varieties are permitted, but here Cabbage Lettuce only is consumed. Until we hit upon this plan of culture, we were often perplexed to keep up the supply of these. The plants sent are just eight weeks from the day of sowing the seed, and the varieties are Chelsea Gem and Golden Queen, which gives us at all times a good supply. T. W. Bond, Elstead Hous1-, Godalming. [Excellent stocky Cab- bage Lettuces, being tender and sweet, and fit for use. Ed.j THE HEATHER IN AMERICA.— Where did you get the idea that Professor Goodale believes the Heather will not grow in America ? (p. 303). [From Garden and Forest, as stated at p. 265.] We have Erica vagans, E. stricta, and the real Heather, Cal- luna vulgaris, growing in our nurseries in the ordi- nary soil in which all other nursery stock is grown, and they grow as thriftily as if they were in peat. Our soil is brick clay on a sub-stratum of easily decomposable gneiss rock. It would be called a sandy loam. There is a considerable amount of per- oxide of iron in it, which gives it a rusty colour. I enclose a few twigs from bushes that have been out all the winter. Our winter has, however, been a dull and cloudy one, when evergreens suffer little. Bright light during frosty weather is more injurious than frost itself. I suppose, however, that this is well known to your gardeners. In my time, now half a century ago, should a house or pit of plants get frosted, the stereotyped and successful remedy was to shade the glass, and let the plants thaw in the dark. In our nursery practice we throw stalks of Indian corn over those things which might suffer, to shade them from bright light. This is all the special treatment the Heather gets. Then, as you Bee, it will "grow in America." Tliomas Meehan, Godmantown Nurseries, Philadelphia, United States. [The specimens sent confirmed this statement. Ed.] TRILIUM DISCOLOR ATRATUM.— A reference to the volume of the Botanical Magazine, vol. 2, tab. 40, will, I think, show that the species exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on the 25th ult., by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and named as above, and which received an award of merit, is really T. sessile. When it came on the table, I stated that I thought it to be identical with T. sessile, and in opposing the granting of the award, I maintained that a very old plant was being exhi- bited under another name as a new form. It was said that the fact of the green leaves being blotched with white constituted a new departure from the old types, and justified an award ; and this representa- tion largely determined the bestowal of it. But if any one will turn to the volume of the Botanical Magazine I have named, they will perceive that the leaves of T. sessile are much blotched with white, reminding one, by the character of the marking of the leaves, of some of the Pulmonarias. I think that the excellent condition in which the plant was presented to view was highly creditable to Messrs. Veitch & Sons, but it does appear to me inadvisable to manufacture a new species out of an old one, however unwittingly and innocently it may be done, as of the bonajides of Messrs. Veitch & Sons there can be no doubt, if. D. CAMPANULA ISOPHYLLA.— This is a charming plant to adorn a rockery, and in its simple require- ments, its masses of bright blue flowers, and perfect hardiness it is unrivalled ; and while we may regard it as being one of the best rock plants to flower in the summer, it is not without merit in other respects, it being one of the best basket plants that we possess. For window-boxes, too, or for draping the sides of stages in the greenhouse, and in other ways, this plant is useful. It is a most profuse flowerer, and the flowers, when fully expanded, are nearly flat, and about 2 inches across. Equally free- flowered is the white form of C. isophylla, and as valu- able, from the purity of the white. The white- flowered variety is a comparatively scarce plant. These Campanulas are increased by seeds and divi- sion, the latter being the quicker if the following April 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 431 plan is followed. At the present time put an estab- lished plant into the greenhouse ; it will quickly push new shoots, and when these are 3 inches long, remove some of the surface-soil, and replace it with finely sifted sandy soil, burying the base of the shoots about 1 inch. Keep this fresh soil moist by frequent sprinklings of water, and roots will speedily form, and in a month the now well-rooted growths may be separated from the crown and planted out. This method of increasing the plant has advantages over division in the ordinary way. Six of these young growths may be planted round a 6-inch pot, and, with liberal treatment, they will soon form a potful for transferring to a basket or any other purpose. In a similar way, and with the same results, C. fragilis, a companion plant to the above, may be increased and grown. J. DAFFODIL SIR WATKIN.— I will not intrude into the small controversy concerning the history of this fine plant, on which subject I will only suggest that some very large variety of X. incomparabilis appears to have been known to the early writers upon Narcissi, otherwise they would hardly have applied to it sueli names as " Incomparable," " Nonpareil," and " Omnium maximus." But it may interest Messrs. Dickson and others to be assured that Sir Watkiu is capable of producing seed, and is not a permanently sterile plant, such as N. bidorus, N. Johnstoni, and some other Narcissi. I have at present thirty young seedling plants from Sir Watkin, besides which I had last summer the great misfortune to mislay or drop, and so lose, a small packet of seed. Sir Watkin is, however, extremely difficult to obtain good seed from. With regard to Mr. .Fames Walker's red-cupped variety of Sir Watkin, I am rather of opinion that it is a seedling, probably from a chance seed which dropped among old clump3 of the parent, and grew up amongst them unnoticed. There is no antecedent improbability that Narcissi should sport like Hyacinths; but during the years in which I studied Narcissi, I have never obtained evidence of a fixed sport, though the orange-crowned kinds v.iry much from year to year in intensity of colouring. I may add that my own seedlings show that it is not uncommon for the yellow-crowned incompariabilis flowers to produce seedlings which have more red in the crown. G. II. Bngkk vrt, Appleahaw, Andover. FALSE MUSHROOMS GROWING ON BEDS.— I send you samples of lungus growing on some Mush- room beds here, and having somewhere read that poisonous fungi running in a bed with the true Mushroom will poison the whole, I am desirous of knowing the cause of their coming, which species it is, and if it is poisonous ? as we are fearful of eating any of the produce of the bed. W. Ed - ' . We have never heard it asserted that poisonous fungi running in a bed with Mushrooms will poison all ; it is not true. Sometimes other fungi than Mush- rooms will grow in such abundance that the Mush- rooms themselves will be ousted. The plant grow- ing on your beds in company with the Mushrooms is Agaricus dealbatus, an inoffeneive production of Nature. If. G. S.] "WATERLOO" STRAWBERRY. -The foliage of this excellent late Strawberry has suffered vry much with me, and I am curious to know if it has been generally found to be more delicate than other varieties. The plants in young and old plantations look extremely wretched, "the foliage bring as brown as possible, much more so than Noble, La Grosse Sucrce, President, Sir Joseph Taxton, Pauline, Oxonian, and others growing alongside, and equally exposed ; although all of those named show injurious effects due to the frost blast of March 4, when 'Ji i ' of frost were registered. Vegetation generally suffered considerably. If''. Crump, Madrcrjicld Court. MONTBRETIA POTT8II. — At page 301, your correspondent, " Mr. F. W. Bnrbidge," asks for the experience of any cultivator of this plant. I am not able to go so far back in my experience as he requires — namely, ten or twelve years, still from what I have known of the plant during the past five years I have grown it, I am enabled to form a better opinion of it than your correspondent. We have two clumps of it in beds of mixed herbaceous plants, and which were planted five years ago in the positions that they now occupy. The plants have been allowed to extend, not being interfered with in any way, and the only cultural attention which they have received has been a slight forking of the soil amongst the growths, and a liberal dressing of short dung and ashes when the beds are dug. We have always had a good proportion of flower-spikes ; and last year they were finer and more numerous than ever, the blooms in the centre of the clumps being as good as those at the outside or younger portions. The plant is much admired here, and is cut largely by the lady of the house for furnishing large vases. I am inclined to attribute our success with this plant in a great measure to a hint I got from a nursery foreman that "If you want it to do well you must leave it alone," and I shaped my course accordingly. J. U., Mid-Sussex. FUNKIAS.— These are, in a general way, only used in the herbaceous border, where during the spring and summer they are very ornamental ; but valuable as they are there, they are doubly so in pots, and may then be employed as indoor or green- house decoration. The best perhaps among them is F. Sieboldii which sends up by broad foliage, sup- ported on tall stout footstalks, the green being of a very deep tint and the surface glaucescent. To have plants in pots, clumps should be taken up and cut through, so as to get several crowns in each piece, and be potted in rich soil. A gentle heat may be employed to hasten the flo.vering of these. /. S. Societies. aOYAL HORTICULTURAL. Thb following were the awards made by the various committees on the occasion of the meeting on March 25 : — Br thk Orchid Committee. First-class Certificates. To Lailio-cattleya Hippolyta from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons. To Dendrobium Wardianum Schrbderi var., from Baron Schroder. ! of Merit. To Cittleya Trian.e Tautziana, from F. G. Taut/,, '•"I- , I To Angraeum citratum var. X from W. 1". Darnell, Esq. To Oncidium sarcodes, from W. C. Walter, Esq. To Cyrtopodium Saintlegerianam, from A. II. Smee, Esq. By thb Flo ual Committee. Awards of Merit. To Iris Sindjarensis, from Messrs. Barr & Son. To Trillium discolor atratum, from Messrs. J. Veitch .v S in, To Ddutzia candidissima ft. -pi., from Mr. W. C. Leach, Co I'uiladelpluis inodorus, from Mr. W. C. Leach. To Lily of the Valley fortius var., Iron Mr. B. Morse. Silver-gilt Banksian, to Messrs. B. S. Williams, for group of plants. Silver-gilt Banksian, to Messrs. J. James & Son, for group of Cinerarias. Silver-gilt Banksian, to Messrs. Paul & Son, for group of Roses. Bronze Banksian, to Messrs. Barr & Son, for cut flowers and Daffodils. Bronze Banksian, to Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, for group of Epacris. Bronze Banksian, to Messrs. II. Cannell & Son, for cut blooms, double Cinerarias, and zonal Pelargoniums. Scientific Committee. Mak. h 25.— Present: D. Morris, Esq., in the chair; M. Henr*' De Vilmorin, ex-President Botanical Society of France; Messrs. Blandford, MacLachlan, Wilson, Rev. W. Wilks, and Dr. Masters. Figs. — Branches were exhibited covered with a brown scale, which the sender said had proved very injurious. The reMindy suggested was to scrub the branches with a haid brush and soap suds. The specimens were further referred to Mr. MacLachlan for examination and report. Other branches of Fig in a dying condition were apparently free from parasites, and their condition betokened some mischief at the root. Iris Sindjarensis. — A plant of this was exhibited by Messrs. Barr & Son, and received a botanical certificate. M. de Vilmorin pointed out its resem- blance to Iris orchidacea. St. Helena Ebony. — Mr. Morris alluded to the peculiar vegetation of St. Helena, now confined, for the most part, to a small area in the central and higher part of the island. Many of the trees formerly native to the island are now all but, or quite, extinct. Among them is a species of Trochetia, or Melhania. The trunks of this tree are embedded in the cliffs of the island, and are dug out by the inhabitants for the sake of manufacturing ornaments. The following quotation from Melliss' exhaustive work on St. Helena refers to this plant ; — " The native Ebony of St. Helena.— This plant, I believe, to be now extinct. It formerly grew on the outer portions of the island, near the coast, at altitudes of 2 to 4, where the weather-beaten stems are still found deeply embedded in the surface-soil. The last plant I saw was a small one growing in the garden at Oakbank, about twenty-five years ago, but it is not there now, and I have searched the whole island over for another, but in vain. The leaves were dark green, and the flowers white ; the wood is very hard, heavy, black in colour, and extremely brittle. It is still collected and turned into ornaments, which are much prized on account of its rarity. That this tree once formed a considerable portion of the vege- tation clothing the island on those parts that are now quite barren, is strongly evidenced by the many references to it in the local records. PI. 29. It is the Dombeya erythroxylon of Andr. Bot. Sepos., vi., t. 389, not of Willdenow." It is interesting to know that the plant is still in existence under cultivation at Kew (and perhaps elsewhere), under the name of Dombeya erythroxy- lon. At the present time the plant, which was obtained from the gardens at Herrenhausen, is in flower at Kew. Mr. MacLachlan called attention to the interest- ing remark on the rare plants of St. Helena, con- tained in Mr. Wollaston's book on the Coleoptera of the Atlantic islands. Fingered Citrons. — Dr. Masters showed a drawing of a fruit that had ripened in the garden of Mr. Banbury, at La Mortola, near Veutimiglia, and made some comments on the peculiarities of its structure. M. de Vilmorin said that similar mal- formations occurred in other Oranges, especially in the Bitter Orange, the flowers of which were used in perfumery, and in which the carpels might be seen occasionally in all stages of dissociation. Sport of Narcissus. — From Mr. Walker came one bulb producing two distinct flowers, viz., Silver Phccnix and N. incomparabilis fl.-pl. The specimen was referred to Dr. Masters for further examination. Florida Pine. — From Mr. Divers came a cone of Pinus cuhensis (Elliotti), and one of P. inops var. just brought home from Florida. Mr. Morris spoke of the wood of the Cuban Pine, as being very hard, and said that many colonies were now importing soft wood, not that their own forests were destroyed, but because the timber yielded by them was too hard to be used profitably. M. de Vilmorin pointed out the difference between the typical Pinus inops and the specimen exhibited. ROYAL BOTANIC. Thk following is a list of the plants which received Certificates at the meeting on March 26 ;— Botanical. To Lclio-cattleya Hippolyta, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Son (see Royal Horticultural Society's report). To Angracum citratum var., from Mr. W. F. Darnell (see Royal Horticultural Society's report.) To Oncidium Larkinianum, from Mr. Larkin. To Tulips Kaufmannlana, from Messrs. Paul & Son. Floricl'ltubal. To Amaryllis, The Champion, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Son. To Amaryllis Olivette, deep intense scarlet, from Messrs. J. Veitch & Son. To Amaryllis John Ileal, dull crimson with white tips. To Cineraria Gem, from Mr. J. James. To Clivea Stansted Beauty, from Messrs. J. Laing & Sons. To Clivea Meteor, and Epiphyllum Russellianum var. Gaertreri, from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons. To Cyclamen, Duke of Fife, from the St. George's Nursery Co. 432 THE GAR DENE 28' CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. CRYSTAL PALACE. The first of this season's flower shows was held last Saturday, when, doubtless owing to the fact that the date is late for this season, the display was not of the usual quality, and competition was small. Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., were 1st for a group arranged for effect, and had a good selection of plants; Mr. James, Castle Nursery, Norwood, was a good 2nd. showing an arrangement which was an improvement on his former methods. Messrs. H. Williams & Sons, Fortis Green, Finchley, were awarded 1st prizes for deserving ex- hibits of Hyacinths, Tulips, Narcissi, and Lily of the Valley. A group of Azalea indica, in medium- sized and fairly well-flowered specimens came from Mr. R. Wells, Longton Nursery, Sydenham ; and the St. George's Nursery Company, Hanwell, showed a nicely grown lot of Cyclamens, and in the competi- tion was awarded the 1st prize. Amateurs made a fair display. Mr. W. Clark, gr. to W. Sopper, Esq., Eversley, Heme Hill, led for Tulips in a close competition. Mr. Shoesmith, gr. to M. Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage, Croydon, was 1st for Narcissi, with good potfuls. Mr. J. Lambert, Elfindale Lodge Gardens, Heme Hill, led for Lily of the Valley ; while Mr. J. Ford, gr. to Sir C. Pigott, Bart., Hexham Park, Slough, was the most suc- cessful exhibitor of Cinerarias here, and also in the open class, having large well-flowered plants ; Mig- nonette was well represented by the lot sent by Mr. A. Carter, gr. to Alderman Evans, Ewell. Noncompetitive groups were sent by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, who had Cliveas, Hyacinths, Lilac, &c. ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, an interesting collection of alpines, also pot-Roses and Amaryllis ; Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden, showing a collection of Daffodils. BATH FLORAL FETE SPRING SHOW. Of the five exhibitions held by the committee of the Bath Floral Fete, one of the pleasantest is the spring show, which took place in the Assembly Rooms on the 19th inst. It was extensive, thoroughly representative, and delightful; and stove, greenhouse, and foliaged plants as well as Orchids alternated with Hyacinths, Tulips, Crocus, &c. Hyacinths.— There were four classes for these, the best thirty-six came from Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Sons, of Exeter. Mr. George Garraway, Bail- brook, was 2nd. Mr. G. Garraway had the best twelve shown in six pairs. In the Amateurs' class for twelve, Dr. Budd was 1st with a very good lot indeed ; and he was also 1st with six varieties. Tulips in pots were a bright feature ; the best twelve pots came from Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son ; Mr. Marsh, gr. to J. M. Dunlop, Esq., Bristol, was 2nd. There were two classes for six pots of Tulips, one of singles and one of doubles, Messrs. Marsh and Budd taking the chief honours. _ Narcima. — The Polyanthus varieties, shown in sixes, were good, but they did not win the admira- tion aroused by the single Daffodils in pots. An excellent collection of twelve was shown by the Kev. E. Handley, of Bath; Dr. Budd being a good 2nd. Such fine forms as Golden Spur, Countess of Annesley, Sir Watkin, Emperor, Empress, and Horsfieldi were seen in excellent form. Amaryllis. — Some well-grown and bloomed speci- mens were shown by Mr. Hawkins, gr. to Mr. Jolly, Bath, and Mr. C. H. Gabriel. Azaleas.— Some good specimens of these for the season of the year were staged by Mr. C. W. Mackillop ; the second prize was taken by Mr. H. Jones, of Bath. The finest specimen was Due de Nassau. Orchids.— Since the Rev. E. Handley has taken to exhibiting Orchids, they are always seen in good condition at the Bath shows. His gardener, Mr. E. ICersIake, was placed 1st on this occasion with six specimens, having Dendrobium nobile, D. nobile pen- dulum, Cymbidium Lowianum, Odontoglossum trium- phans, O. Edwardsii, and Cattleya Trianrc Leeana, he being the only exhibitor. Mr. R. B.Cator, Bath, had the best three specimens, having good examples of Cypripedium villosum, Dendrobium Wardianum.and Cattleya Trianai; Mr. C. W. Mackillop was 2nd. Ihe Rev. E. Handley had the best specimen, having a fine piece of C. Triamc ; Mr. J. T. Holmes coming 2nd with a good piece of Coelogyne cristata. Botes in pots, shown in collections of six speci- mens, were remarkably well shown by the Rev. E. Handley and Dr. Budd. Cinerarias. — These were represented by good plants. Cyclamens were fairly good ; Chinese Prim- roses were numerous. Table plants were good, but Violets limited in quantity. Collections of plants, arranged for effect, were a good feature. Ornamental foliaged plants in sixes, the best coming from Mr. W. C. Drummond, of Bath. There was a class for four specimen stove and greenhouse plants, and for six exotic Ferns and mosses. A special feature of interest was a class for a group of Daffodils shown in pots or boxes, tastefully arranged with moss, the prizes being offered by the Rev. E. Handley. The donor of the prizes had the best collection, Messrs. R. T. Veitch & Son, being 2nd. Fruit was represented by Apples and Pears. A dish of excellent Cornish Gillyflower best repre- sented the first, and well preserved Beurr6 Reine the second. Of miscellaneous collections, a most interesting group of Orchids, intermixed with foliage plants, came from Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham. Messrs. G. Cooling & Sons, Bath ; A. A. Walters, Bath ; and R. T. Veitch & Sons also had collections of plants ; and Mr. R. B. Cator a basket of pretty Primroses. VEGETABLE PEODUCTS IN THE DRUG MARKET. A study of the trade reports in the various com- mercial journals is both interesting and instructive, and none more so perhaps than those which are classified under the head of drugs. Thus, in re- ference to Cloves, we quote the following from a report of a Rotterdam firm, which appeared in a contemporary recently : — " Zanzibar reports under date ^February 2 last, state that the total crop this season is by far the largest on record, and is estimated at 800,000 frazileh, or about double the yield of former abundant crops. A frazileh equals 35 lb., and the total yield, therefore, will be about 28,000,000 lb., while the average requirements of the whole world are estimated at only just over 11,000,000 lb. Prior to 1871, the price of' fair Zan- zibar Cloves in London averaged from ohd. to 'J'^d. per lb. ; and although, since then, an export duty of 15 per cent, of the value has been established, the difference between the prices mentioned and the actual quotations of say, 4f<£. to 4kd., is much larger. The large yield is undoubtedly a conse- quence of the replanting which has been going on in Zanzibar after the hurricane in 1872, the trees having now attained their full growth. The fact that the tree bears fruit every second year only, leads to the supposition that the next crop will be a small one ; but it is said that a much larger number of trees has been planted since the hurricane than ever existed before. At any rate the current crop is much in excess of the requirements, and concur- rently with this exceptional Zanzibar crop the yield of Cloves in the island of Ambonia (Netherlands Indies), though of much less importance commercially than Zanzibar, has also been greatly in excess of the average.'' Commenting on this, our contemporary makes the following remarks: — "In reply to these alarming statements, it is said that no European house can possibly have any means of correctly estimating the crop of Zanzibar Cloves, as the bulk of this article is produced on the small island of Pemba, north of Zanzibar, which is entirely in the hands of the natives, who do not allow any foreign traders to obtain accurate news of the crop, but the estimate given by the Dutch firm is thought to be much exaggerated. Meanwhile it is a fact that our market continues to decline, and Zanzibar Cloves on the spot have fallen from 4§d. to ik<\. per lb." Cubebs. Genuine Cubebs, it is well known, are the fruits of Piper cubeba, but these small berries are liable to much adulteration, and the berries of some other species of Piper, as well as of plants not botanically allied, are sometimes offered for sale, or are even mixed with them. At the drug sales recently nineteen bags, described as partly doubtful, mixed, slightly stalky berries, were bought in at £22 to £23 per cwt. It is also stated that a telegram from Java, received at Amsterdam on the 19th inst., announced that the last crop would turn out to be a small one, that prices in Java were held very high, and that the shipment of cultivated berries had probably ended, so that there is reason to suppose that the whole of the last crop of cultivated Cubebs has already been received in Europe. Musk Seed. This seed, the produce of Hibiscus abelmoschus, was some years ago used in perfumery in this country, as a substitute for animal musk; it, how- ever, never found much favour with the perfumers, and was chiefly utilised in the composition of sachet powders. The seeds have recently been brought again into commerce, and are now quoted in the wholesale market at Gd. per pound. Piubi. This substance, which is also known as Indian Yellow, was the subject of an exhaustive report on its manufacture in 1883, by Mr. T. N. Mukharji, of the Art and Economic Museum, Calcutta, who was deputed by the Indian Government to visit Mirza- pur, where the Piuri is almost exclusively prepared, and obtain exact information as to its manufacture. Mr. Mukharji proved that this yellow colouring matter was obtained from the urine of cows that were specially fed for the purpose on Mango leaves. More recently Prof. Graebe has worked out the chemistry of the substance, and the two reports have been re-published in the number of the Kcw Bulletin for March. Three cases of Piuri were shown at the London drug sales on the 20th inst., the price quoted for which was 6s. &d. per pound. The appearance of this substance in the London market is probably due to the publication of Prof. Graeb's paper, in the December number of the Geneva Archives des Sciences Physiques ct Naturelles. It will be interesting to note whether the substance from this becomes an article of commerce in this country. [This substance was mentioned in our issue for March 22, p. 362. Ed.] Variorum. Pseudopanax Ferox, T. KIRK (THE TOOTHED LANCEWOOD).— The remarkable changes of foliage through which it passes in its progress to maturity, and the different aspects which it presents, are of great interest, and must be briefly described. The cotyledons, the first leaves developed on the germi- nation of the seed, are oval, flat, and membranous; they are quickly succeeded by narrow-linear leaves, one-eighth of an inch broad, toothed, and of harsh texture : as the stem increases in height the leaves retain their linear form, but increase in length, and become slightly expanded at the apex. At first they are given off at a right angle with the unbranched stem, but ultimately become deflexed, the lower surface of the leaf forming an acute angle with the stem. As they attain a length of 18 inches, with a breadth of half an inch, these thick, rigid, linear leaves pointing to the ground present a strange appearance, which has only a single parallel in the New Zealand flora. In this stage their texture is extremely coriaceous and rigid ; the stout midrib is conspicuous along the entire length of the leaf, the surface is blotched and mottled, and the margins are furnished with large lobulate-hooked teeth, capable of inflicting a severe wound if incautiously handled. The exact duration of this stage is unknown, but plants have been observed to exhibit no chang? for thirty years or more; some of the leaves are per- sistent for twenty years. On approaching the period of maturity the simple stem branches at or near the apex, the new leaves are shorter, and gradually assume an erect position, the texture becomes thicker and more rigid, but the spinous teeth entirely dis- April 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 433 appear; new branches are developed, and the plant forma a round-headed tree, with the lower parts of the branches naked, but exhibits absolutely no trace of the remarkable form of leaf which characterised its intermediate stage. Male and female flowers are now produced on separate trees, and the latter are succeeded by ovoid fruits, at first covered with a delicate glaucous bloom, which gradually disappears, when they shrink and become wrinkled. DACRYDIUM BlDWILLII (the Mountain Pine) is a small species forming a handsome conical or dome-shaped shrub, from 2 feet to 12 feet high, with a vefy short trunk rarely exceeding 1 foot in diameter, and usually only a few inches, with spreading, often horizontal, branches. The Moun- tain Pine is remarkable for the great difference exhibited by its leaves at different periods of growth. In the young state they are linear, flat, crowded, and spreading, one-third of an inch long, but in the mature state they resemble minute, close-set green scales, keeled on the back, and overlapping each other like the scales of a fish. There is no resem- blance between the leaves of the early and mature states, so that while the first resemble those of the Mountain Totara, the second might easily be mis- taken for those of a Cypress. T. Kirk, in " Forest Flora of New Zealand." The Weather. fBr the term "accumulated temperature" is meant B (inure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the exceaa or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. xi IP II Accumulated a 1 T| ft P 1 s 1 52 1| sa 67 SI i< 52 46 46 .in 58 63 63 .V.I 51 © J- i i a Tn. 15.3 8.1 5.7 5.3 5.8 18.6 B.5 mi 8.7 12.7 8.2 i 1* s g £ 33 35 23 24 in H 2-1 H 32 21 .'It 28 1 i •4 1 r 1 sgl •4 8 'Id %\* ! 5 h i i ■■i >; 7 t V <> 1 J 3 + 1 + 6 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 1 ■i 3 3 + Day- deg. 27 34 38 46 42 :.'.' 31 ■j\> 40 33 42 r,o Day- deg. 12 13 1 2 3 0 li 1 II 2 0 0 Day- deg. +■ 48 + 39 + 32 + 15 + 18 + 21 + 32 + 28 + 10 + 6 + 6 + 79 Day- deg. - 75 - 79 - 107 - 50 IT - 58 - 7.". - 7tf + 13 - 41 - 5 - 18 lOths Inch. 1 — 1 — 3 1 1 + 1 1 + 7 + 0 av. 1 ■ 3 + 1 + 18 23 21 27 23 26 20 22 29 24 28 31 The districts indicated by number in the first column are the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4. England, E. ; 6, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Grazing lie Districts — 7, Scotland, W. j 8, Englund, N.W.; ». England, S.W.; U, Ireland. N.; 11. Ireland. S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending March 2!)th, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather during this period has varied con- siderably. The greater part of the week was cloudy or dull, with rain almost daily in the west and north, and frequently in the south and east ; occasionally fine bright intervals were experienced in all districts, and in most parts of England the conditions im- proved materially towards the end of the week, while in the Channel and on our south-western coasts thick fog prevailed. " The temperature has been above the mean in all districts, the excess having ranged from 3° in most parts of the kingdom to 5° in the ' Midland Counties,' and 6° in the north-east and east of England. The highest of the maxima which were recorded on the 27th at most of the Irish and .Scotch stations and on the 21st over England, varied from 54° in ' Scotland, N.,' to 64° in ' England, E.,' and the ' Midland Counties,' and to 66° in ' England, S.,' The lowest of the minima were registered on the 24th, and ranged from 24° in ' Scotland, E.,' and 25° in ' Scotland, W.,' to 37° in ' England, N.E.,' and to 43° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has exceeded the mean over Ireland, the ' West of Scotland,' and southern, central, and north-eastern England, and has just equalled it in 'England, S.W.,' and 'England, E.; ' elsewhere it has been rather less than the normal. " Bright sunshine has been less prevalent, as a whole than it was last week. The percentage of the possible amount varied from 18 in ' England, S..' and ' England, N.W., to 34 in ' Ireland, S., and to 35 in ' Scotland, E.' " Markets. C0lrENT GARDEN, April 2. [We cannot accept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports, which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise the list, and whoare responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that these quotations represent averages for t he week preceding the date of our report. The prices depend upon the qualityof the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and *till less can they be taken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] The holidays are now making our business very dull, especially with forced goods. A few samples of new Grapes to hand. Jamet Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. d.i.d. i.d.i.d. 0-18 0 Ericas, various, doz. 8 0-24 0 0-18 0 Ferns, in v»t„ doz. 4 0-18 0 0 42 0 Ficus elaatioa. each .16-70 6-10 6 Foliage plants, vari- 0-3 0 ous. each 9 0-10 0 0-10 0 Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-13 0 ii 24 0 IMiotrope. per doz. 6 0-90 o-u n Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0- 9 0 0-12 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, ].. doz. pots 18 ii .'I ii 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-48 0 let. per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-24 0 - per doz 18 0-24 0 Roses, various, do/.. 18 0-36 0 0-18 0 i — (Fairy), per doz. 8 0-10 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 n variety in boxes, and also in pots. Aralia Sieboldi, doz. 6 Arum Lilies, perdoz. 9 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — speci. plants.each 7 Azaleas. v;ir Cineraria, per ■In/.... rl Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 Oyperus. per dozen . 4 Daffodils, dox. pots... 8 Dielytra, per doz. ... 9 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendishii, pez ■ 1. ./ "ii 18 — ventricosa, doz. 16 Euonymus, In var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 *„* Bedding plant* Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d.s.d. m. d.t.d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ...20-40 Maiden Hair Fern, Acacia (French) bun. 0 I 12 bun. 4 0-90 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 Mignonette, 12 bun. 20-40 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Callaiethiopica,12bI. 3 0-50 Camellias, white, doz. 2 0-40 — various, per doz. 10-20 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20 Crocuses, 12 bun. ... 1 0- 2 0 Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 4-06 Daffodils, l2boDi he 0 3 0 - Euchahs, per dozen 4 0-80 Gardenias, 12 blooms 4 0-80 — French, per bun. 16-20 Marguerites. 12 bun. 3 0-80 Narcissus, various, doz. ban 16-60 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 6-09 — dozen sprays... 10-16 Primroses, 12 bun. ... 0 6-10 Primulas, double, 1-' sprays 10-1 Heliotropes. 12 spr. 0 6 10 Roses, Tea, per doz. 10-30 Hyacinths (French), per i b ...10-2 0 — (Dutch), inbox.-., white, per box ... 2 0-40 — (Dutch), in boxes various, per box ... Lilac. white,Fr.,bi coloured, dozen. 2 0-40 — French, dozen ... 10-20 — red.perdozen ... :i 0- 5 0 — Safrano, dozen... 16-26 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 6-10 I B in Stephanotls, 12 spr. 9 0-12 0 4 0- 6 0 | Tuberoses. 12 buns.... 16-20 , 12 lil.... 2 0-60 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 6- 1 U Lily of the Valley, Violets, 12 bun ... 10-20 doz. sprays ... 0 6- 1 0 — French, bunch ... 10-20 — Parma, bunch ... 3 0-40 Orchid-bloom in variety. FRUIT.— AVERAGE WHOLESALE PRICES. I. d. I. d. I t. d. I. d. Apples, A-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 — NovaScotia.brl.12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 1016 Cobs, per 1001b. ...140 O- ... I — St. Michael, each 3 0-60 Grapes, per lb ... 2 0 5 0 Strawberries, lb. ... 4 0-60 — New, per lb. ... 5 0- 0 | Vegetables. — Average Retail Prices. i. d. i. d. Asparagus, English, per 1(0 12 0- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each 16-20 10-16 2 0- ... Celery, per bundle ... Cucumbers, each ... Endive, per dozen ... Herbs, per bunoh ... 0 4- , Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- , Lettuces. per dozen... 1 6- , Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- , Potatos:— Old Potatos have l.d.l.d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- .„ Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Brussel Sprouts.pr lb. 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turnips, per bunoh, new 0 4- ... been selling freely at the late iu«' prices. Tendency for New ones ; much lower price. Heavy arrivrls are due this week. J. B. Thomas, SEEDS. London : April 2.— Messrs. John Shaw & Sons seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that the recent favourable weather naturally in- creases the sowing demand. As farm seeds are now wanted for immediate sowing, and prices all round are abnormally low, open orders for prompt execu- tion come to hand. For red and white Cloverseeds also for Trefoils and Rye grasses remarkably low rates still prevail. Alsike is firm at the late ad- vance. There is rather more doing in Tares. Mustard and Rapeseed keep steady. Birdseeds are without change. Choice Blue Peas have become scarce. Fine new Scarlet Runner Beans are obtainable on moderate terms. Feeding Linseed dull. CORN. Averages. — Official statement showing the average price of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending March 29: — Wheat, 29$. '3d. ; Barley, 2'Js. KM. ; Oats, 18s. dd. For the corresponding period in 1889 :— Wheat, 30s. '2d. ; Barley, 29«. Id. ; Oats, 16s. lid. POTATOS. Bohouou and Spitalfields : April 1. — Quota- tions : — Regents, Ills, to 85s. ; Hebrons, 30s. to 80s. ; Magnums, black, 35s. to 45s. ; Bedt'ords, 40s. to 50s, ; Lincolns, 40s. to 55s. ; Yorks, 45s. to 75s. ; Scotch, 47s. tid. to !)5s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 75s. to 92s. ; inferior do., 40s. to 75s.; hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; inferior do., 26s. to 50s. ; and straw, 24s. to 38s. per load. Enquiries. ■■ //. that qutstioneth i nuch."— Bacon. BUILDINII A I'nOPAOATING - HOUSE. " YoUIlg Florist " being desirous of building a span-roof forcing anil propagating-house, would be glad if some of our readers would kindly inform him the simplest kind of house most in use by the leading market growers ; the height, width, mode of heat- ing, and construction, and what is the thickness of the walls. Besides these particulars, he wishes to be informed if houses are constructed of sufficient width for central bed to be built ; if such bed would be suitable to grow other plants upon while Cucumbers are growing on the side-beds. He thinks that, per- haps, the close atmosphere necessary for the Cucum- bers would be unsuitable for other plants. Notices to Correspondents. * ,- Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications as EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. A Nice Point: B. W. The point is too nice for us to discuss. Your letter should be sent to the writer. Camellias : Alba Plena. The blooms sent were very 434 THE GARDENERS' . CHRONICLE. [April 5, 1890. good, and if next season's blooms should equal them in size, they will certainly be fit for exhibition. Cinerarias : J. Price cf Son. The Cineraria blooms sent by you show some rich and bright colours, and they are large, too, some being quite 3^ inches in diameter ; there is, however, a want of substance and solidity about the flowers. Ctpripedidms for a Greenhouse Unheated in the Summer Time : B. A. C insigne, C venus- tum, and C Fairieanum. The out-of-doors species, C. Calceolus and C. spectabile, would also do well. Fungus on Smybnium : F. W. B. The early or jEcidium condition of Puccinia Smyrnii. Not very common. W. G. 8. Grapes : A Constant Reader. Injured, probably, by the immediate neighbourhood of the sulphur-coated hot-water pipes. Wash off the sulphur. Sulphur should not be used alone, but mixed with an equal weight of whiting or lime. Hyacinths : if. S. You cannot do better than read the articles by MM. Baarnart and Kersten in Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, vol. xi., part 2 (July, 1889). The numbers of the Gar- deners' Chronicle named by you do contain par- ticulars of the matters you require, but are out of print. Names of Plants : P. <$• S. From the specimens sent, we judge the Camellias to be — 1, Altheav flora ; 2, Prince Albert ; 3, Delicatissima ; 4, Double striped ; 5, L'Insubria ; 6, Candidissima ; 7, Adelina Benvenuti ; 8, Lavinia Maggi. — Label. 2, Herniaria glabra ; 3, Sedum glaucum ; 10, alter- nanthera ; other specimens insufficient. What wretched scraps ! think what they must be when we received them ; and next time please send better specimens more carefully packed. Not more than six should be sent at a time. — W. M. 1, Acer rubrum ; 2, Abies pinsapo ; 3, Peperomia arifolia. — K. A. 1, Boronia heterophylla ; 2, Abu- tilon vexillarium ; 3, Cacalia ficoides ; 4, Aloe variegata. Bosika and Vaporiser : F. S. $■ Co. A useful instrument for spraying pot plants, Roses, &c, with insecticides. Used with diluted petroleum it kills fly, but not mealy bug, or scale, excepting in the case of the last named, just as the young are escaping from beneath the parent insect. We will try the Rosika later and report. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Agricultural and Horticultural Association (Limited), 3, Agar Street, Strand, W.C.— Farm Seeds. John Perkins & Sons, 52, Market Square, North- ampton— Agricultural Seeds. Max Degen, Kbstritz, Germany — Dahlias, Roses, Gladioli, &c. Haulan P. Kelsey, The Highlands Nursery, Lin- ville, N.C., U.SA.— Plants of the Southern Alleghany Mountains. W. P. Laird & Sinclair, 73, Nethergate, Dundee — Farm Seeds. Charles Sharps & Co., Sleaford, Lincolnshire — Farm Seeds and Seed Corn. V. Lemoine et Fils, Rue de Montet, Nancy — Trees and Shrubs, and Novelties. William Paul & Co., Barngill Nursery, Bridge-of- Weir, N.B. — Pansies, Pinks, &c. J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, Sussex — Dahlias, &c. Rawlings Bros., Old Church, Romford, Essex — Dahlias. L. Jacob-Makoy & Co., Lioge, Belgium — New Plants. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt — Hardy Herbaceous and Alpine Plants. Germain Fruit Company, Los ADgeles, California, U.S.A.— Seeds, Plants, &c. Communications Received.— J. Watts (was delayed for want of space.)— J. K. B.— H. H. D'O.— W. & V.— Baron v. Mueller, Melbourne.— P. W.. Tschernigowski.— M. M., Mel- bourne.—J. R.— E. B.— B. F.— G. H., Malta.— J. S.— L. L„ Brussels.— M.B., Mcddelburgh.—W. H.D.-E. C.—N. E. B. —A. F. B — G. W— A. D.— A. L. K.—W. H. Y.— L. Witt- mack, Berlin.— R. C. Ireland.— J. B.— J. DIED, on March 25, at Stanley Villa, Turnham Green, William John Coleman, late of Covent Garden Market, aged seventy-three. Interred at Brompton Cemetery on Monday last. SEEDS.— 100 packets, 1*. 2d. post-free, genuine fresh; other choice Seeds half price. Catalogues free. GREENHOUSES and GARDEN' FRAMES, id. per foot; LIGHTS from 5s.; FRAMES from Ills. GREENHOUSES, 200 feet. 4-foot FRAMES, 8 by 6, 29s. All painted, glazed, and put on rail.— Write, GARDNER AND CO., Tansley, Matlock; and 62, Strand, London, W.C. ORCHID PEAT, best quality^ BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER and CO., Farnborough. Hants. O MARKET GARDENERS, &c— To Grow Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS. Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great value of this Manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gas Company, Sheffield. ATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manuke for Garden use, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT, &c— C. Fidler, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— " I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says ;— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it. I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says : — " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt, a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited, 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c, mav be obtained. Agents wanted. NORMALFERTILISER For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. P™« ' lb- u lb- 28 lb- 56 lD- l cwt' rnce • 2s. 3s. 6d. 5s. 6d. 9s. 14s. And in 6d. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd.. 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Farnham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesale of Messrs. HURSTAHD SON. 152, Ilo.indiditrli.London GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel ; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, about 2 tons), 40s. : 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. 6d. per sack ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22«. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. id. per bushel ; 15s. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel bags, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. 6d. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS, VTRGLN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, &e. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street, Drury Lane (lately called 17A, Coal Yard), W.C. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER. Mr. E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park Gardens, writes :— " I am much pleaded with the Weed Killer. In addition to killing the Weed effectually, the gravel on our paths is rendered particularly bright by its use." For further testimonv, prices, and full particulars, apply to the sole maker, JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Barrow-on-Humber, HULL. FOR SALE, a good PLANT VAN, for Road or Rail, at a very low price. E. TUDGEY, Home Farm, Rydetfs Road.WaKon-on-Thames, Surrey. OFFERS WANTED for a superior range of PLANT HOUSES, the property of the late John Lye, Esq., of Hawkhead, and erected three years ago by Boyd, Paisley. There are four Houses in all, and covering ari area of about 3000 super, feet. Further particMlars maybe had, and plans seen by applying to— J. and R. THYNE, 83, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow. CARSON7^ PAINT Patr sed by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentr and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &e. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &.C. Prices. Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LCDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. To Nurserymen and Gardeners. PEAT for SALE.— Good Brown Fibrous Peat, Black Fibrous ditto, Light Sandy ditto for Orchids. Azaleas, Rhododendrons, Heaths, &c, or for general purposes. Also good yellow gravel for drives, concrete, gravel, screenings, yellow sand, &c— For particulars apply to Mr. J. ASTRIDGE, Brackendale Lodge, Cnmberley, Surrey. $££§* T EMON OIL INSECTICIDE Kills ^*^* J-^ all Insects ; cheap, harmless, easily used. Sales rising by leaps and bounds, owing to its merit. Pints, Is. 6rf.; quarts, 2s. 9d. ; half gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9s. BSEf* Tj^UCHARIS MITE KILLER. During ^t^^* J— ^ the year it has been before the public it has saved thousands of Bulbs, vide Testimonials. Doubters, Try it! Half-pints. Is. 6d. ; pints, 2s. 6rf. ; quarts, 4s. &i. ; half gallons, 7s. 6tf.; gallons. Us. 6d. $££$* PLIBRAN'S SHADING for GREEN- '^^ \J HOUSES. SKYLIGHTS, &e. Is a wonderful novelty. In wet weather the shading is almost transparent; as the glass dries it reappears. All Plant Growers will see the great advantage. In packets. Is., Is. 9d.t and 2s. 9d. post-free. N.B. — Above three preparations from Seed and Nurserymen; or, CLIBRAN, Oldlield Nursery, Altrinehatn and Manchester. "ROSIKA^ Trade Mark Registered. Effective, Harmless. Promptly clears Roses ^ and all plants from green fly, caterpillars, spiders, and other insect pests. It recommends itself to \ all who have tried it for< its efficiency, pleasant ^sSv, odour, the facility with which it is applied, and i in application ; so that anyone, however particular, ran use it, and it is always ready for use. Price IS. Sold at all Chemists and Seedsmen, or direct from the manufacturers, F. SCHUTZE & CO., 36a, Aldersgate Street, London, E.C. Apparatus for use of Rosika, 3 sizes. Is. 9d., 3s., and 4s. 6d. GARDEN ^~ REQUISITES, ft" Two Prize Medaxs. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks. Is. id. each: in sacks, 12s. M..; 15 sacks, 17s. tit/., 1'Osacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 21<. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6rf. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. ad. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ; BESTBKciVVN HHROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6i. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6r Lone Toms, are largelj used by Market Growers— they are made a greater depth, wider at bottom, and save half an inch m width at top over ordinary puts. Have no rims. VINE POTS Are used by the leading Vine Growers' throughoul the Icing CHRYsitfiuii ipofs. Considerably deeper th in ordin iry verj broad at bottom, almost upright in shape ; do no! blow over when outside, like narrou bottomed pots; give maximum amount of r om foe nutriment al roots of planl . CLEMATIS POTS. OPINION. ."Xour pota are lighl and itrong, first-class colour, shape, and mi;-!.. The 'Clematis Pota' gave uiiijii,; ii to ourselves and customers," Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. OPINION. "We ! to i thai we are highly satisfied with your Garden Pots; they are well made, light, yet Btrong, and we Like them better than any othi ra we have Bverused Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, Worcester. '•The Flower Pots you line largely supplied us with i>i. Btrong, and well made, and in every respect highly satiate tory." Messrs. Dlcksons. Ltd ., Chester. '• For nearly Hurl y \ . us [ hue hern using your Garden Pots, and -till find them the be I and cheapest." — Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. 'Urh.ii, alwaye found your Pots l.inlilv satisfactory. Oreal improvements lasl few years in ihem."- Messrs. Pearson & Sons, Chllwell Nurseries, Notts. Samples ind Prices i Carriage and breakage free on £10. Half carriage on *T5. Specialty Orchid Pans and Pots. SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. BANNED NKTTIXi; I'm- Preserving Fruit 1 trees, Flower-beds, &c, n fn I I blight; 35 square yards (oi Is.; senl anj widtl mm .•"■. . i ■.im.i.s ■ p aid on all ordi r- ovei 5» H. J, QASSON, Fish Mi n lianfr, Rye, Sussex. H 0 S. ~W~. ROBINSON: Dpmii- Park Ironworks, Stouxl i H i Long-6 . ■in. Socket Hot- water Pipes. 9 reet Iqh%, Us. Ad. eac Illustrated revised Price Lift on application, free. 436 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 5, 1890. RANSOMES' At, the Jubilee Mating of the R.A.S.E., HER MAJESTY THE (Jl'EEN an.l H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of PRUSSIA each pur- tsed a Ransomes' Lawn Mowkr. Month's Trial, Carriage Paid. LAWN MOWERS, The Best In the World. In all sizes to suit every requirement. " NEW AUTOMATON." the Best Gear Machine. " CHAIN AUTOMATON," the Best Chain Machine. "NEW PARIS," the Best Small Machine. " EDGE CUTTER," the only one of real service. " BANK CUTTER," the Best for Cutting Slopes. THE BEST PONY and HORSE - POWER MOWERS. Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL IRONWORKS, STAFFORDSHIRE. New Pattern Tree Guard, "THE PORCUPINE." The maximum of utility and (he minimum of cost. Constructed of strong Iron Uprights and Galvanised Barbed Steel Wire. Price, 10s. 6d. each. Testimonials. The Gardens, The Whittern, Kingston, Feb. 9, 1888. Dear Sirs,— The 100 Barbed Wire Tree Protectors you sent to Mr. Green's order I have now fixed to the trees, and I feel bound to say that I never saw anything in the shape of a tree-protector equal to them. I thiuk I shall be able to add further testimony after the cattle are turned out in the spring. —Yours faithfully, J. Wearing. The Gardens, The Whittern, Kingston, Sept. 26, 1888. Gentlemen,— The 100 Porcupine Tree Guards you supplied to Mr. Green's order have proved a great success — in fact, they are the best 1 ever saw. These guards stand well against the trees, there- fore cattle cannot, and will not, attempt to reach the branches. I would strongly recom- mend anyone who contem- plates planting trees, and wishes to know which is the best guard to use, to give pattern " C " a trial. Yours faithfully, Messrs. Hill &. Smith. J. Wearing. ^THRACIfE ^ 4 COAL A The Beat and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. ITENDREFOEGAN ANTHRACITE -tl SMOKELESS COAL— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truekloads to any railway station. This coal is ABSOLUTELY SMOKELESS, and it requires much less attention than any other descriptiou of fuel, burning for twelve hours at least without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat than coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, 23, Lime Street, London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern, Western, and South-Western districts, from Messrs. O. R. CARTER AND SON. Coal Exchange. E.O.J and for the Soutb.-Eaj.tern district, from Messrs. W. UOVVELL AND CO.. Coal Merchants. Greenwich, S.E. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS areoffering Arch- • angel Matslower than auv other house in the trade; also Peter-bur- Mats and Mat Bagr. Kalria Fibre. Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free. — 4 and 5. Wormwood Street, E.G. w. h. LASCELLES & go., HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTUREBS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEiRS, APPLES, &.C., 5 feet high, with eight lines of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs. 12s. 6d. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES, 4 feet high, four lines of wire, id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs, 8s. 6d. each. CONTINUOUS WROUGHT-IRON ESPALIER, 6 feet high, eitrht wrought bars, J inch diameter, 45. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER. 8 feet high. S feet span, 9s. ed. per yard. wall fittings, Raidisseurs. one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each wire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, bd. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, instead of Pea Sticks. 3 feet high. Is. 3d. each; 4 feet high, Is. M. each; 6 feet high, 3s. Gd. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES. Japinned Green, 3 feet high, 4s. 3d. per dozen ; 3 feet 6 inches high, 4s. 6d. per dozen; 4 feet high, 5s. 3d. per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. 3d. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS. 18 inches wide, in 6 feet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS, 5s. per dozen. GARDEN ARCHES. 7 feet high. 4 feet span. 8s. Sd. each. Carriage -paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders aud Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 &auare yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEORGE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. Established 200 years. BASKETS, WIRE TRELLIS. Conservatories fitted up with Trellis, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c. Maker of the Waddes- donPlantTruck— oneof the most useful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire Fencing, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaries and Pheasantries Plain or Ornamentally con- structed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA. S.W. 21-oz. and 15-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE A SONS, Lead, Glass, Oix, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, EC, Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s. ; three for 2*. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS and CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. ANTHRACITE GOAL Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply — E. T. RUSSELL and CO., 60,Wharfdale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFOKD WIRE. IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. THE GARDENERS' AGENCY.— Gardeners are offered the AGENCY for our CEYLON TEAS among private families. Our 2s. speciality (supplied to agents, Is. 6a. in bulk ; Is. 6Jrf. in packets, carriage paid) enables anyone selling it to add 40s. weekly to income. Samples free. — UNITED TEA GROWERS' ASSOCIATION, Union Court, London, E.C. — Name Gardeners' Chronicle. OUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley, Chairman. Annual Income, £250,000. 80,000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Head Office:— 64. Cornhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN, Secretary. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. Apeil 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 437 B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH. NO. 75.-FRAMES. 1-Light, 4 by 6 . . ..£20 2 „ 8 by 6 . . ..30 3 „ 12 by 6 . . ..45 4 „ 16 by 6 .. . . 5 10 5 „ 20 by 6 . . . . 6 15 Best wood. Sashes glazed with 2I-oz. Eugli glass, and painted three coats. Carriage paid any Station in England. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, in- cluding CONSERVATORIES, GKEENHi USES. FRAMES. BOILERS. H(IRTICTLTi;RAL IMPLE- MENTS. IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. BOILERS of all makes and sizes supplied at the cheapest rates. VALVES. PIPES, and all FITTINGS in stock. NO. 74.- FRAMES. 1-Light, 4 by 6 2 „ 8 by 6 . . 3 „ 12 by 6 . . 4 „ 16 by 6 . . 5 „ 20 by 6 . . . . £2 15 0 ..476 . . 6 0 II .. 7 12 0 . . '.» 5 0 Best wood. Sashes glazed v glass, and painted three coats any Station in England. ith 21-0*. English Carriage paid to of SURVEYS MADE, and every descripti HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS and APPLI ANCES fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the Kingdom. Write for CATALOGUES. BONES! BONES! BONES! CRUSHED BONES ^^or1268' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GABDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGE.XTS WANTED -AGENTS WANTED. a NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. .„,.. "■""- "';;'" HAS AN OPEN STEEL ROLLER. ■2\ mrii mat tance. Tho Front Roller, with simp].- adjust* tn-'iii for regulating ■icjit i>f rut , enables e machine to cut «e to the ground, ■I bo do fine work. tides adapting it for " ■ The llil better , no stronger, in moredurable mower n the market. R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, oonrtroctod .onjour improved pla perfection of growing Imii.ten, uini for pnetiOOJ utility, eco M Ihi lid durability canuot be equa'led. We only do One eliu^ of work, Conservatories and Winter Gardens daatgnod architecturally correct without the assistance of any one out of our firm, from the nniullest to the hirgeat. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Boilers, erected, and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always in stock. Plant, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part oj the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. 7.. h ■ obtained through .'/ the leading Tronmon- ■ rs and Seedsmen, or rom the Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. . TRYLEETE'SOlPer 1 lONIRON.WOOD&STONC^ I ALL COLORS CASH A.LEETE&C9PAINTWORKS.I29 LONDON R".SE CHEAP FRAMES. HORTICULTURAL GLASS. always on Hand. Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest }iossilile prices. NICH0LLS& CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDITCH, LONDON, E. GARDEN REQUISITE S.— Sticks. Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canefl. Rustic Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Trices of WATSON and SCULL, 90. Lower Thames Street, London, E.C. CONWAY C. WARNE , Successor to V ^dOHN MATTHEWSj) The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN TIIK WORLD. L'l Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonial*. PRICE LISTS FUSE. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. K HALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw . m„t,,iI illinium to their Cucumber r'nimes, of which they always have a l;ir^<- stock, ready e,lii/<-'l and painted. They are made of the besi materials, end cum be put together iimi taken apart in a few minutes by imy one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England! ^ , d Wight frame, 4 ft. by 0 ft. Might frame, H ft. by 6 ft. 8-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. Wight frame), 24 ft. by G ft. Larger situs tit proport R. HALLIDAY Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Koyal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. II. Skklton. Seedsman, &c. 3, llollowuy Koad, N. Carriage and | Packing Cases ' PREE. , tale prices. & CO., 438 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. LApeil 5, 1890. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE f Charges for Advertising. Head L ne charged as two. £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 b' 0 3 (5 16 „ . 0 9 0 0 4 0 17 ,. . . 0 9 6 0 4 6 18 „ . 0 10 0 0 5 0 19 „ . 0 10 b' 0 5 6 20 „ . 0 11 0 0 6 0 21 „ . 0 11 a 0 6 fi 22 „ . . 0 12 0 0 7 0 23 „ . . 0 12 rj 0 7 6 24 „ . . 0 13 0 0 8 0 25 „ . 0 13 6 7 „ 8 „ 9 „ 10 „ 11 ., 18 » 13 „ 14 „ AND SIXPENCE FOR EVER!" ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be '. If set across three Columns the lowest charee will 1 Page. £8; Half Page, £1 10s. ; Column, £3. Gardeners and othars Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and 6d. for every additional Hi lud address. Is. 6^., ! (about 9 words) or part THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births, Deaths and Marriages. 5s. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday nooyi. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom: 12 Months. 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 193. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C., to W. RICHARDS. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL I NTERESTS ARE BEST REPRESENTED IN THE AMERICAN GARDEN, WHICH INCLUDES : — THE AMERICAN GARDEN ... 16th Year. THE GARDENERS' MONTHLY 30th Year. and HORTICULTURIST 42nd Year. THE FLORAL CABINET ... 17th Year. Making the Largest. Best, Oldest. Liveliest, Handsomest Gardening Magazine in America. THE LEADING AMERICAN JOURNAL FOR HORTICULTURAL ADVERTISEMENTS. Subscription Price for England and Countries in the Universal Postal Union, 10s. E. H. LIBBY, Publisher, 751, Broadway, New York, U.S.A. Agents for Great Britain and Ireland :— STEEL AND JONES, 4, Spring Gardens, Charing Cross, London, S.W., to whom Orders for Advertisements and Subscrip- tions may be sent. A Specimen Copy post-free for loo', (stamps). ESTATE SALES. The Beat County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans anil particulars of Estates, Catalogues uf Machinery, Furniture. Books, and other Property advertise! in the Columus of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the "WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulat' Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. culatiou. Offices : — 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. Now Ready. Demy fivo. Cloth. With an Atlas of Illustrations, £1 ids. THE CULTIVATED ORANGES and LEMONS, &c, of India and Ceylon, with Researches into their Origin, and the Derivation of their Nam Useful information. By G-. Eonavia, M.D. W. H. ALLEN and CO., 13, Waterloo Placi , and other , S.W. New Edition, corrected up to date. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of -L GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir .Toslil-H Paxton, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3d.; post-free 3Jrf. Twenty-five copies, 5s.; 50, 10s.; 100. 20s. Parcels of not less than LVt delivered carriage free in London only. Not less than 100 carriage paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition. NOW HEADY. VINES AND VINE CULTURE THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES EVER PUBLISHED, ARCHIBALD F. BARRON, XI. XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. Plates I.- CONTENTS. Historical Sketch. Propagation of the Vine. Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. Vine Borders: their formation, soils, &c. Structures for Grape Growing. Heating of Vineries. Planting Vines : when and how to do it. The General Management of Vineries. Pruning and Training the Vine. Disbudding and Stopping the Shoots. Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick. Vines on Open Walls. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects. Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The Classification of Grape Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. ■XXX. ; Illustrations of the best kinds of Grapes. "JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, 171, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. To be had also of A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Gardens, Chiswick, London, W. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth. Price 5s. ; Post-free, 5s. 6d. WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must thoroughly understand Forcing- houses, and the Man- agement of Vines. Exotics, Melons, &c. Married man. without eiic'iimhranee. preferred. Good character indispensable. Also a young single man as UNDER GARDENER.— Apply, stating age, qualifications, and salary required, to J. W. K., Mrs. Money, Kingston, near Abingdon, Berks. WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must thoroughly understand Forcing Houses and the Management of Vines, Exotics, Melons, &c. A married man without encumbrance preferred. Goodchararter indispensable. Also a young single Man, as UNDER GARDENER.— J. W. K., Mrs. Money, Kingston, near Abingdon, Berks. WANTED, a JOBBING GARDENER. Good hand, one used to the work preferred. Age about 22. Reference required. Wages 21s.— Apply, with full particulars, to G. RAISBtRD, Manor Lane, Lee, S.E. WANTED, at once, a Practical WORKING NURSERY GARDENER, well up in Growing Cut Flowers, Propagating, Making Wreaths, Bouquets, and good Rose Budder. Must have a good character.— HAMER, Station " !, White hurch, Salop. WANTED IMMEDIATELY, a GAR- DENER, to make himself generally useful. Total abstainer preferred. Apply before 11 A.M.— Hereford House, South End Green, Hampstead. WANTED, at once, GROOM and GAR- DENER, and to Brush Clothes and Clean Boots and Knives. Age from 35 to 50.— Address, stating qualifications, L., The Lodge, Eliot Vale, Blackheath, S.E. WANTED, a good PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants in a Nur- sery near London. Abstainer preferred. State age, wages, and experience, by letter to C. H., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, for Seed, Florist, and Nursery Business, good all-round MAN, to work busiuess as above. Must understand Cultivation of Tut Plants. &c, for Market. State wages required, with cottage. Good reference* required.— EPPS AND CO.. Ringwood, Hants. WANTED AT ONCE, as SECOND MAN, for Hardy Herbaceous Department, a steady and ex- perienced Cultivator. Wages, 21s. per week to comniemv \\ ith. — Send full particulars of qualifications, and length of service and position in last two situations, addressed P. BARR, Long Ditton, Surrey. WANTED, an active young MAN, used to Growing Soft-wooded Plants.— Apply, stating wages and previous engagements to J. and R. CoLAM, Nurserymen, Heath, Wakefield. WANTED, a MAN well up in Growing Vines, Cucumbers, and Tomato* for Market. State age, reference, and wages.— ALLEN, Florist, Abergavenny. WANTED, a SECOND HAND, used to Growing Pelargoniums, &c. for Market. Wages, 165. — C. HART, The Nursery, Beaumont Road, Leyton. WANTED, a young MAN, well up in Bud- ding and Grafting, and General Nursery Work. To take charge of a few Glass Houses. State age and wages ex- pected. Must have good references. — W. P. LAIRD and SINCLAIR. 73. Nethergate, Dundee. WANTED AT ONCE, a good, hard-working, practical married MAN, for Outside Work, in a Nursery chiefly, and to take turn in Watering in the Houses when required. Man with good general knowledge and willing to take an interest in his work — to keep everything in good order. One from a Market Nursery and a total abstainer preferred, from 30 to 40 years of age. Permanent situation to a suitable man.— Apply, with copies of testimonials, stating wages required, to JAS. HOLDER & SON, Crown Nursery, Reading. WANTED, active young MAN, for Outside Department of Nursery in Scotland. Must be expe- rienced in Budding and Grafting, and have a knowledge of Forest as well as Ornamental Trees. Also one for Inside Department. — Apply, giving references and wages expected, to NURSERYMAN. Gardeners' Chronicle 01nce,4l, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a MAN, with experience in Grape aad Tomato Growing for Market, wages 16s., with bothy; references required. — W. INNES and Co., Vineries, Littleover, Derby. ANTED, a young MAN, to attend Market Stall, with Plants, Seeds, ami Cut Flowers; to fill up time in Houses.-State age, terms. &c, to C. WHITING, Florist, Hereford. WANTED, a COWMAN, married, without family. Wife to look after Poultry. Must be active and industrious, and thoroughly understand stock. Good character indispensable. — GARDENER, ManorHouse. Fiuchley. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. A. Alderman, until recently Foreman at Brodsworth Hall Gardens, Doncaster, as Head Gardener to J. D. Ellis, Esq., Thurnscoe Hall, Rotherham, Yorkshire. Mr. James Finlay, of the Gardens, Castle Howard, as Gardener to Sir Charles M. Palmer, Bart., M.P., Grinkle Park, Loftus-in-Cleveland, Yorkshire. Mr. G. W. Mair, from The Rookery, Erding- ton, as Superintendent of the Victoria Park, Handsworth, Staffordshire. Mr. James Watts as Head Gardener to Mr9. S. Wood, Moorfleld, Glossop, Manchester. Mr. .1. R. Reid, for the last four years Foreman at The Gardens, Glossop Hall, Derbyshire, as Gardener to H. Gartside, Esq., Early Bank', Stalybridge. Mr. J. Tunnington, until recently Foreman at Ketton Hall Gardens, Stamford, as Head Gardener to Sir II. D. Inglebv, Bart., Ripley Castle, Yorkshire. Mr. James Wood, for some time Gardener at Southpark Cove, Dumbartonshire, N.B., as Gar- dener to David McClure, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey, near Manchester. Mr. G. A. BrsHOP as Head Gardener to S. Theo. Mandeb, Esq., Wightwick Manor, Wolverhampton. Mr. H. May as Head Gardener to Lady Keane, Rosemount, Sunninghill. w Aphil 5, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 439 WANT PLACES. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. JOHN" It. BOX'S Register includes sereral pra tical and well-experienced HEAD GARDENERS, of good character, whom he can introduce to Employers.— East Surrey See.) War.-lu u--. Croydon. Gardeners. Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. LITTLK and BALLANTYNE, The Queen's Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence with Landed Proprietors, Agents, and others requiring the services of GARDENEKS, FORESTERS, and FARM BAILIFFS. Their extensive business relations throughout the Kingdom enable them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be jilad to : Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN" of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSON'S. Chester." Gardeners, Foresters. Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENER'S, FORESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on implication.— 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation. — JOHN UiiU'NlE. S 1-man, 141. Princes Street. Edinburgh. Head Gardeners. JOHN LAING and SONS can at present nunend ■» practical HEN of b tedabi t] HEAD GARDEN amenta or SingU- llUt.'l.'l Sll il. l' Ml -. r ill I"' Fore'st Ilill. London, 8.E. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEW IBDS, ii vi i.u F3, or G UtDI NEBS. JAMES CARTER am. CO. have at all tun.-, upon their Register reli il ■ MI s. several of lally well known I -ii, U ('. GVKIM.N l.i: i Hi ld).- Life experience in I i. email . 1 1 . t-*-.- years' from ]ir nl -Mr ition, A. Ii., -Mr. Rl Brasted, near Serenoaks, Kent. GARDENER ilh id). Age 30. 63 toany- trlng mi' n Rood situation. Thoroughly prac- tical a i-v.tv .rai II. lirst-cli.SH relcr.-iiivH. - GARDENER, Mrs. Perkins,' I", Paxton Road, Chiawick. GARDENEB (llnu.i. -Married, family two; Scotch; twoana ahalf years in prea i in .'lit Where two or more are kept. — R. MARTIN, dr Ball, Denbigh. f*\ ARDENER (Head). — Mrf ( '. Warden, VJ gardener to sir I . H. Bathurst, Barl B&liabury, will : plea ed to recommend In. Foi Ba-yner, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring Hie -. - good gardener.

< I, Ii. i I. i i leveral ... . ■ bin manage Land and si,...-, .f required.— 'f. 11.. Eton II .. Thames. pi ARDENER i Head Working). — Middle- V_J~ aged; good practical knowledge of Gardening in all its branches. Been manv y.-ars Head. Good character. Active, — D. PRATT, Sompting, Worthing, Sussex. GARDKM-.i: (Head Working).— Age 30, married when suited ; fifte a years' practical expei ence in good places. Beferenc- ., t,, , ., . i .bilitiea T. FUBSoSH. Gardens, Gwrych Castle, Abergele, North W des. ARDENER (Hkad Working).— Age 28; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cu und Greenhouse Phints, Kitchen and Flower Gardens. H. COX, Gardener, Piercefield, Chepstow. GARDEN KU (Hkad Working), where more are kepi Age 33, manied . eighteen years' practical experience in Vines, Peaches, Stove and Greenhouse, Flower and Kitchen Garden. First-class references. Abstainer — F. C, 11, Millman's Street, King'sRoad, Chelsea, 8.W. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.— Age 28 ; understands Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Grapes, Melon-, Cucumbers, and Peaches, and Flower and Kitchen Garden. Personal character.— X., 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33; married.— R. Call aghak, for the past six years Head Gardener to G. Burt, Esq., J. P., Purbeck House, Swanage, is open to treat with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the ser- vices of a thorough, practical, all-round Gardener. Excellent testimonials ^froui past and present employers. — Address as above. GARDENER (Head), or good Single- handed.— Thoroughly practical in general routine. Good character.— G. F., ib, Palmerston Road* Wimbledon, Surrey. ARDENER (Head), or Single-handed.— Age 35, married ; steady and respectable. Good cha- racter. Good all-round man. Twenty years' experience. — W. GREEN, 3, Burgess Place, Chelmsford, Essex. GARDENER (Head), or Single-handed.— Age 30, married, one child; six years' good character. Fifteen years* experience in Flower and Kitchen Garden, Vines. Melons, and Cucumbers.— Address iu first instance to J. PKOWSE. Head Gardener to E. Liwson, Esq., Hall Barn. Beaconsfield, Bucks. GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Hortici'Ltiril Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard und Nurseries, Garstou, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER (good Single-handkd), or where two are kept.— Age 29, single; good charac- ter from last and previous employers.— K METHERELL, 2, Pond Square, Highgnte. X. GARDENER (good, Single-handed pre- ferred).—Age 49; married, four children; willing to make himself useful. Artillery pensioner. Good reference, —GARDENER. .1. Limetree Cottages, High Street, Ley ton, GARDENER (S .-Age 26, single ; liner. Good references.— II. C, Mr. Drover, Hux- nioor, Herts. GARDENER (Second), where four or five ar.- kept. -Age 20, singl . i even years' experience. I I • : snrr. v. GARDENER f& ond). Lge 2Jfj well tip in ■I lenuim Pair . ton I 0 meter I LUCAS, 1 1. a irk H.ii, s.i . GARDENER (Second), where several others an- kept, 01 -i..i km . '.I IN. iii Large Esl iblUhment ; i BONNER, Bathing, '• Nurr.-y. ARDENER (Undkh).— Age 19 ; three years' expei iracter.- KoLBL \ \i», W. W. Uascoyne, Esq., The Lawn, Sittingboaroe. Keut, ARDENEK (Undkh).— Age 19; two years* good character from last place E. \nsii d, i Lane, Ucrehom, Walt* n i hames. ARDENER (Undeii).— Age 19; six years' ezperienoei n tth good . haracter from pn — S.W., 87, I load, Weston api ■ shire. GARDENER (Under), where he would be to improve him -•■if \ •■ 22; g.»..l references. 11. TOWNSEND, Gardens, Kenl tiurch Court, Pontrilas, Herefordshire. To Nurserymen. MANAGER, or FOR KM AN PROPAOATi Ut, GROWER, salesman.— Thoroughly officii nl in Hard i.i.l s.,ft wool. '.1 Stock, especial] r. Roses, Bucharis, Gar- denias. Tree Oarnai I, Cyclamen, Bourardias, Perns, Palms, . iums; first-class at Bouquets and Wreaths. Good FLORAL, 11. Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. I FOREMAN, in tin- Houses.— Age 26; eleven years' practical .sj» mm. .■ ; highly recommended. — FREDER1CKSTCBBS, Ballywalter Park, co Down, 1 FOREMAN, in Goo.1 Establishment. — Age 26 ; eleven gears' experience in all branches; good character i ,i references.— State particulars to F. BLl'NT, Weill ur, II (Use', llit.liiii. Il.-rls. Fi iIIKMAN, or good Second, Inside and Out. Age 25. — I shall be very pleased to recommend a young man ... above, having lived with me at Chilgrove Grardens five . . I 1 1, diyears, TlliiMASGOLDRIXG.Chilgrove.Chicheater. FOREMAN, or Second. — Age 24; ten years' experience; i 1 references.— H, DEAVILLE, Kings Bromley Manor, Lichfield. FOREMAN (Second), Inside or Outside. — Age 26, unmarried; eight years' .xj.eri.iice; good references.— W. Ii.. 48, Prospect Road, Sydenham, S.E. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN and PROPAGATOR, Inside.— Age 2li ; able to produce in quantity all kinds of Pot Stuff, Cut flowers, Cucunib.-rs, Tomatos, Mushrooms, &c. Eleven years' experience in London and Provincial Nl F. H., 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Soft- -*- wooded Plants and Cut Flowers. Would Manage Small Nursery. Accustomed to Growing for London Market. Good references.— WILLS, Liberty, Wells, Somerset. OURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses, in a good establishment.— Age 22; eight years' experience. Highly recommended. Bothy preferred.'— W. BARKER, Rastnck, Brighouse, Yorkshire. JOURNEYMAN (First), or otherwise.— Mrs. DiUBENKY, Eastingtoii, Cirencester, strongly recom- mend, a young man as above. Trained in Large Gardens; ini.l.T-tiiiiiN Glass. Kitchen, mid Flower Gardens. Seven years' character. — S. NEWLAND. 4, Gran.lw.n Road, Wands- worth, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, where two or more are kept. Age 23 ; four years' good character.— H. H.. 46, Chapel Street, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. J„T „ To Gentlemen. OURNEYMA.N, in the Houses.— Age 21; eight years' experience ; four veins' good character from prese i.i situation.— T. S., 25, Grove Lane, Didsbnry, Man- chester. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22 — J. TRIGGER. The Gardens, Milton Park, Peterborough, can highly recommend to any Head Gardener a steady, active, and industrious young man. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second where two or three are kept.— Age 18 ; has had good experience ; strong and active. Apply, stating wages.— F. CURTIS, The Gardens, Oldown, Almondsbury, Gloucestershire. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, or Second where three or four are kept.— Age 24 ; six years' good character.— Bothy preferred.— WILLIAM THORNTON, Dan- bury Palace, Chelmsford, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second in four. — Age 22 ; seven years' experience in good places. Good character. — R. FAIRCLOUGH, Myiilhurst, Leigh, Reigate, Surrey. J 61 K N 1 ; Y MAN, or Second, Inside.— Age 18; five and a halt v.ars* experience— two yeais inside. Can be bighlj r.c. mm led. - A. CHXLMAN, Brasted Park Gardens, near Seven jaks. Kent. JOURNEYMAN, or Second, in tho Houses, in good eetabliahmeat Age 34, single; nine years' ex- perience. I'hr, present situation. Can be highlv r.v..iu- mended.— C. LUCAS, Husbands, Bosworth, Rugby. JOURNEYMAN (Second), in the Houses.— Age 32; two and u halt years in present situation. — H I.I,... The Grardens, Mark Hall, Harlow, Essex. JOURNEY MAN, or IMPROVER in the Houses. Age 19; excellent character. .1. SARGENT, .ii ... ;er Hill, Ealing. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 17.— HEAD GARDENER, Albury Hall, Little Hadham, Herts. IMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20; live years' good character. 1. simmomis. Ohithurst, near Petersfleld, Hants. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in a good Estab- lishment.— Age 22; strong, active and willing. Five I Character. Bothy preferred. — W. HaLDOCK, Siasinghursl I ' tal le, I iranbrook. 'pi MARKET NURSERYMEN.— A young -L Gardener teeka ntuation in Market Nursery. Eipe rienced in ell kinds of Market Plants. Good band ut Propa- Kating.-.I. AKI.ASII, I'S. North CrosH Komi. Kant Dnlwirl), S.K To GAKDENERS. — Wanted by a young' JL mull (age 19), a situation under a good Gar. ener, country preferred.— II. C, Tower House, Crouch Hill, N. rpO HEAD GARDENERS. -*- Thos. H. X Bdttok, Queen's Street, Westfields, Retford, wants a situation for his son (age 17) under a good Gardener. Two yeirs' experience. Respectable and well-educated. State term*. Address as . .. r\\> GARDENERS, &o. — Lady wishes to JL recommend a strong active youth (age 15), in Garden. Three years m preseni situation ; getting iu.. l.i^' for place. — E, sii i:i , \ g I Chobham, Woking. SHOPMAN. — Age 21 ; good knowledge of the Trade in all branches. Good reference.— MKN I'll a . i.'ur- Ueners' Chronicle Office, II. Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 22; six yearn' experience in Seeds, Plants, &c. Excellent rnfer- encea. Warehouse work no objection. Book-keeper. Dis- engaged.— J. B., 35, St. Peter's Street, Stamford. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Livor, Lungs, and kiln.YH. Mi. -oung and delicate; their gentle and purifying action ranks'them above all other medicines, fu Indigestion, Nervous Affections, Gout, and Rheumatism these Pill* have achieved for them- selves universal fame. They expel all impurities from the blood, and thus restore cheerfulness and vigour. 440 THE GARDENERS' CER ONI CL E. [April 5, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of every Highest Prize in all cases of competition, and they are the only Mowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. Patronised by— HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN on many occasions, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, THE KING OF THE BELGLANS, Lata EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, And most of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, June 3 to 7, 1881. The ••Journal of Horticulture," of June 9, says:— "MOWING MACHINES.— After a critical examination the Silver Medal was granted to the old firm of world-wide fame, Messrs. T. Green & Son, of Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished, it is quite unnecessary to give any description of them." Upwards of 155,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first introduced in the year 1856, And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others. They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried off the Highest Prize that has been given. The following are their Advantages over all others:— 1st Simplicity of Construction — every part being easily accessible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater ease than any other. 3rd. They are the least liable to get out of order. 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 5th. They will cut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. S»s3 -E£^^ SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. do. do. 2 10 0 , do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 , do. by a man ... 4 10 0 , do. do 5 10 0 ut 16 inches, DOUBLE-HANDED i be worked by one man t £.j 10 0 on even lawn ... J do. man and boy... 7 10 0 do. do. ... 8 0 0 LAWN MOWER. *To cut 22 inches, can be worked by two men £8 10 0 •To cut 24 inches, do. do. ... 9 0 0 To cut 18 inches, do. man and boy... 7 10 0 , T, . . .. , . . ^ . _rt . To cut 20 inches! do. do. ... 8 0 0 * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30s. extra. These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme " of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse Power. Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam. Length £ s. d. 16 in. by 17 in 2 5 0 20 in. by 22 in 3 5 0 24 in. by 26 in 4 10 0 30 in. by 32 in 7 10 0 Special quotations made for Rollers, 3 feet, 3£ feet, and 4 feet Diameter, fitted with Shafts for ur two horses. For PRICES of DONKEY, PONY, and HORSE MACHINES, see LIST. SPECIAL.-A FEW TESTIMONIALS OUT OF THOUSANDS RECEIVED. Bathersden, Ashford, Kent, June 14, 1878. Gentlemen,— Your " Silens Messor " Mower, 20-inch, works splendidly. It is a most perfect machine, and beats the old 20-inch one that for so many years did my work without repairs. I recommend your machines, and never see any doing such good work and with so little power. You may refer any- one to me, and I will then show them the S. M. at work, and I shall show it to all lean. I am, yours truly, Messrs. Green & Son. W. H. MOLD. Kintbury. Hungerford. April 20, 18P3. Sirs, — I shall be glad of a list of your Lawn Mowing Machines priced. I am glad to mention that I bought one of your 14- inch machines 2ii yeiirs ;t£0. It has had hard and rough usage every year since, and only on Monday was it put quite out of use by the snapping in two of the driving wheel under the hammer. It is surprising to think of the work it has done, and done well. Yours faithfully, Messrs. Green, Leeds. ALFRED T.BAZETT. Ivy Bank, Broadway, Worcester, April 13, 1884. Gentlemen,— Some fifteen or sixteen years ago, I had from you one of your 12-inch Lawn Mowers which, I may say, has from that day to the present time given perfect satisfaction, as well now as it did at is the best machine ever ,ours faithfully, 3. FRENCH HARTLEY. l-T ROYAL GARDENS, WINDSOR, January 28, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited. Dear Sirs. — In sending you the enclosed order for Lawn Mowers, I think it may be interesting to you to know that I am still using the Horse Machine you supplied in the year 1856; it is in perfect order even now, which is a proof that the workmanship is first-ela>st and speaks for itself. As to your "Hand Sileus Messor," no Lawn Mowers could give greater satisfaction either to myself or to the men who work tliem, they are unequalled. During the season I have them in daily use in the Royal Gardens here, and never have the slightest tronble with them. Your machines are also the only ones I have in use at the Private Gardens, Hampton Court Palace; the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park ; Cumberland Lodge, and the Royal Pavilion Grounds, Alderahofc. I shall feel a great pleasure in recommendnia; them to all my friends. I remain, dear sirs, Yours very trulv, THOMAS JONES. Wellingborough, February 4, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. Gentlemen, — I have seut you our Lawn Mower for repairs, which please have done to it. I have used your machines for 25 years, and I find them more durable and do their work better than any other machines I have seen. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, DAVID PERCIVAL, (Gardener to W. Blott, Esq.). Cottingham, Hull, February 13, U90. To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited, Leeds. I am instructed by Arthur Harrison, Esq., of Northgate House, Cottingham, near Hull, who has had one of >our 36-inch Horse Mowers in use over 20 years, and ask whether you think it advisable to send it for repair or have a new one, for it is as you may suppose now getting worse for wear. Kindly say per return, and enclose Price List. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, JOHN BAYNTON. ®* Mr. J. R. STIRLING, of the ROYAL GARDENS, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, writing under date Feb- ruary 24, 1890, says :— " As regards the work your 42-inch Horse Machine does (which two years ago took the place of the one you supplied in '63), I may say it is kept in constant use here from February until the end of the mowing season, and continues to give t he greatest satisfaction. It is the best Machine I know for good work and durability, and your 'Hand Silens Messors' also excel all others. We have no other Lawn Mowers in use here, and I always recommend them to all my friends who inquire about Lawn Mowers." GREENS PATENT CRASS EDCE CLIPPER Size and Price, GREENS PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVO LAWN MOWER. GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Larg Grounds, price J £1 16s. lly designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, rlower-beds, &c, and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with shears. (5T5 A very useful and serviceable Machine. Small Bag of Marking Compositiou, 9d. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Porta in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The largest stock of Mowers kept by any manufacturer is to be found at our London Establishment, SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRlARff ROAD, where Purchasers can make selection out of several hundred Machines of Hand, Pony, and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied the same day as they are received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may he returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B.— Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS, AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, &c, &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. Bradbury, Asnew, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Courty of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, April 5, 1890. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood. Established No. 172.— Vol. VII. {&E™°} SATURDAY, APEIL 12, 1890. a Newspaper./ PRICE ; 3d. I Post-free, 3Jrf. CONTENTS. Barleria involucrata var. elata Calceolarias, shrubby ... Celery Standard Bearer . Cultural memoranda ... Cypripedium Elliottia- Daffodil farming!!! ','.', .. king, the Dendrobium Brymeria- Disa gram ini folia Enville Kpharmocsis Fog, etfacts of, on plants Foreign corre-tpondence . Fruit culture ,, register Fruits under gla>* Gardeners' Orphan Fund Gardening appointments Hardy fruit garden Horticultural hall, the ... Inventions useful Kew, pianu In Sower at. Kitchen garden Lachenaha pendula Lawns Lettuce seed in India ... Maltese gardens Narcissus Sir Watkin ... Orchid houses ,, notes Orchids at Castle Hill ... Paulownia Fortunei Peas, sticking Phalecnopsis in the Philip- pine Plant portraits , Plants and their culture Potato experiments Boses Boyal Botanic Society ... Royal Horticultural So- ciety Societies- Liverpool Royal Caledonian Boyal Horticultural ... s iiti-.h Association ... Spiraea japonica, home- grown id by frost Wii 1-inith memorial ... ILLU8TRATION8. Fern chalti from Malta ... Maltese gardens, views In Plant stand, Toope's Advertisers are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. J HE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vul. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. mHE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE J. IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is 84.30 for Twelve Months. Agent for America: — K. H. LIIiUY, Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. ARK'S Beautiful Hardy DAFFODILS. Cut Specimen Flowers, correctly named, now ready, at fol- lowing prices, post-free, one flower each of 12 kinds, 2s. 64. ; of IS kinds. 3ff. o,ooo SUTTON'S LAWN GRASS SEEDS for making new or improving old Garden Lawns, Tenuis Grounds, Bowling Greens, Cricket Grounds, &c. A far better and more enduring sward can be obtained by sowing these seeds than from turves. G. T. TODD, Esq., Craiglarach, Bays *' Two Tennis Courts sown with your Grass Seeds are the best in the neighbourhood." Price of Sutton's Grass Seeds for Lawns, &c, 3s. 6a. per gallon, 25s. per bushel. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only diiiect FROM SUTTON axd SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. RETTY FLOWERS.— All best named sorts, 12 Show Pansies, 3s. CO.. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES. Covent Garden. W.C. Established 15 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street, Covenl Garden, W.C, will be pleased to receive for Sale on Commission. Consignments of really OhoiM Cut FLOWERS, FRUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Bankers — London and Count v Bunk. Telegraphic Address— "BOUVARDIA, London." pUT FLOWERS and Choice FBI' ITS \J Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Garden of the North, by WM. BULMAN, Produce Auctioneer, Neweastle-on-Tyne. Telegraphic Address— " BULMAN, Newcastle-on-Tyne." JW. BARNHAM Receives on Commission, • GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nursekymen, Sidcup, and 286, 288, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address— " COMMISSION, BIdcup.'1 HAS. COOPER and CO., Wholesale Florists, Bedfordbury, Covent Garden, are open to Receive Consign- ments of Choice Cut Flowers for their Commission Department. ANTED, Large PALMS, DRACAENAS, CROTONS, ASPEDISTRAS. AZALEAS. ASPARA- GUS TENUISSIMUS. and A. PLUMOSUS NANUS, for Cash or EXCHANGE. — Apply, MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane. Hammersmith, W. ANTED, ASPARAGUS ROOTS. Strong three years. Apply to J. C WHEELER AMD SON, Kingsholm Nursery, Qlousester. New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Royal Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants, 237 and 238. Hiuh Holborx, London, W.C £.0 OOfi GREEN E U O N Y M US, iJV/^VVU all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm, Brighton. ELARGONIUMS. — Extra strong, healthy, DUShy plants, Showing bud ; Show. French, and Decora- tive kinds.' by name, in 48 and 32-size pots, 12s. and 15s. per do/.en ; Mils, and 100s. per 100. Boxes and packing free. Cash with Order. .1 AS. HOLDER and SON, Crown Nursery.Reading. OKI ' 1 1 1 DS for sale (cheap), Cypripediums, Catt- leyas, Brassias. Oncidiums, and others; alsoAzaleas and Greenhouse plants. -G. HILTON. Sinithilla Gardens. Bolton. ALPINES and HARDY IlKUHAOEOUS PLANTS.— Catalogue 72 pages, illustrated with doscrip- ind cultural notes, 9*. each. 100 Saxifrages, loo sorts, 25s. ; 100 Boot Plants it sorts, 25». STANSFLELD BROTHERS, Southport. I7ERNS. — Pteris oretica cristata and Pteris tre- mula. the tWO most saleable Ferns grown, good stuff in large thumbs. 12s. loo, packed free, cash with order.— GOWERS ami EMBERSON, Cornel; Bank Nursery. Walthamstow, EW CHRYSANTHEMUMS. — LAINGS' COLLECTION for quality, quantity, and correctness cannot be surpassed. Two Gold Medals and Six 1st Prizes in 1889. BEST SORTS and NOVELTIES :— Ada Spaulding, Mrs. Coleman, John Lambert, John Doughty, Volunteer, Sl.m-lciut Surprise. Stalistead Wlule. .Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, &c. Send for Descriptive LIST, and give a trial order. JOHN LAING AM> SONS, Chrysanthemum Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. 1 FUCHSIAS, strong and well-rooted, in 50 best rare., Double and Single, 8s. per 100. (or cash. S. MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Famham, Surrey. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many sizes, great 'juaiitities, and in finest health. FRANCIS K. Kl.ViHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market. Covent Garden. W.C Grape Vines. rM. PAUL and SON have still a fine Stock -veil-ripened, short-jointed Canes, of all leading raiting, 6>. to 10s. tW. each; Planting, 3s. lid. to 'mil's Nurseries, Waltham Cross, Herts. Wholesale Price Current. Spring, 1890. AGRICULTURAL SEEDS. PETER LAWSON and SON (Limited), Edinburgh, will be glad to post, free upon application, their newly published CATALOGUE of Field Root Seeds, Clovers, Grasses, &c, with Special Off ers and Samples when desired. To Market Growers. SELECT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before purchasing elsewhere, send for General Seed CATALOGUE. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. ARDENERS' CHRONICLE.— A set, odd Volumes and Numbers, and Coloured Plates, WANTED TO BUY. State particulars and terms, to (i. MILLER. 31, Bedford Place, W.C. OR SALE, all bound, " Gardeners' Chronicle," 1842 to 1858; ditto, 1859 to 1868. "Gardeners' Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette," 1860, 1861, 1865. "Miller's Gardener? Dictionary," 2 vols .printed 1760. "Hill's Herbal," 1 vol., printed 1756. "Evelyn on Forest Trees," printed 1708.— Apply, J. ROSE, Lockinge Gardens, Wantage. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery anil S.-r-tsiii' a. a n- 1 ill pert t'r-uii us. I , \vt . urn] over oiirriuge paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON andSONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 442 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [Apbil 12, 1890. SALES by AUCTION, Wednesday Next. 3000 LILIUM MA.CRUJTHUM, ALBUM KRCETZERI, and RUBRU.M. received direct for Unreserved Sale; also large quantity of various Japanese LILIES, comprising Vir- ginale, Melpomene, Rubrum cruentum, Album Krcetzeri, Cordifolium, HMD L. Krameri, L. Humboldti, Batenumniie, Leichtlim, American Pearl TUBEROSES, GLADIOLI. BE80NIAS, VALLOTAS, some fine Bulbs of LILIUM AURATUM, 200 AZALEA MOLLIS, RHODODENDRON'S, a5 Large PALMS, various; AZALEA INDICA, PALMS, and otlier PLANTS from Belgium ; 190,000 PALM SEEDS, comprising Phcenix rupicola, Cocos Glariova, Cocos Wed- delliana, and Geonoma gracilis ; HERBACEOUS PLANTS, Hardy PERENNIALS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, &c. Also a quantity of fancy POTTERY, VASES, and several lengths of INDIARUBBER HOSE. TV/TESSBS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS 1VL will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, t!7 and lis, Cheap-ide, London, E.C.on WEDNES- DAY NEXT. April Pi, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 190,000 PALM SEEDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in their SALE by AUCTION on WEDNESDAY NEXT at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 6S, Cheapside, E.C., the above quantity of PALM SEEDS, comprising Phconix rupicola, Cocos Glaziova, Cocos Weddelliana and Geonoma gracilis. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues bad. Friday Next. DENDROBIU.MS from Upper Burmata. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY NEXT, April 18, at half-past 12 o'clock, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., a grand lot of the finest DENDROBIUMS, from Upper Burmah, comprising D. Brymerianum, D. aggregatum, D. albo sanguineus, D. crassinode Barberianum, D. Devonianum, D. Falconeri, D. formoaum gigauteum, D. thyrsiflorum, D. Wanli m, best variety ; CATTLEYAS, and CYPRIPEDIUM BOXALLI. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include in llitir SALE on FRIDAY NEXT, 260 (PIu >N Tiiiil.oSSUMS, principally Odon(oglos>um Alexandra- and O hvstrix from a Private Collection, about 100 lots of various ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, including a few s-pecial Cypripedium?, amongst them Siamense, amabile, Kirch- hotlianum, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CATTLEYA BLUNTII with six Flowers. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will include the above PLANT in their SALE on FRIDAY- NEXT. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale, Tuesday, April 29. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS de- sire to announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above for which thev will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Exeter.— Preliminary Notice. HIGHLY IMPORTANT SALE of the whole of the STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. &c, by order of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., who are relinquishing the business. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Exeter Nurseries, Exeter, on TUESDAY, May 6, and following days, the whole of the extensive COLLECTION of GREENHOUSE PLANTS, ORCHIDS, and HERBACEOUS PLANTS. N.B.— The NURSERY to be LET or SOLD on very advan- tageous terms. Particulars forwarded ou application to the Auctioneers. Fuller particulars will appear in future advertisements. Wednesday Next. 1500 Dwarf ROSES, from one of the most successful French Growers, including many of the best show varieties, choice named Hybrid RHODODENDRONS, Hardy orn-.-uuental SHRUBS and CONIFERS, a fine collection of BORDER PLANTS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. CLIMBERS, LILIUM AURATUM, and other LILIES, GLADIOLI, and many other BULBS and ROOTS, GARDEN ENGINE, &c. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street, Cove.nl Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 16, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUC- TION, at his Great Rooms. 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.O., on THURSDAY NEXT, April 17, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, a fine collection of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD, comprising (liloiifoglossum Alexandra?, O. Pescatorei, Cypripedium Druryii, C. caudatum, Dendrobes, Cattleya Men- delii, superb form, and other Cattleyas, choice Masdevallias, and many other choice varieties and specimens; also LILIUM AURATUM and other LILIES from Japan, &c. ng of Sale, and Catalogues had. Mount View, Sheffield. SALE of the THIRD PORTION of the VALUABLE COL- LECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late David Ward, Esq., J. P. The Collection is in the best possible condition, is one of the finest iu the district, and includes specimens from several well known collections. The Sale will include Cattleya Lawrenceaua. a fine lot of Odontoglossum Roezlii, O. Alexandra;, O. Cervantes, O. Halli, a nice lot of Cypripedium Lawrenceana. C. God- froyse, fine Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, D. densiflorum, D. sauvissimum, D. Devonianum, D. Parishi, &c. ; also a choice lot of Camellias (best varieties), trained on walls and edges of vineries. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON respectfully give notice that they are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, at the residence, as above, on WEDNESDAY, April 23, at 11 A.M. precisely, the Third Portion of the above valuable Collection. Catalogues and orders to view may be had of Mr. J. KEEL- ING, the Head Gardener, on the Premises; or. of the Auc- tioneers, at their Offices, 2 and 3. East Parade, Sheffield. To Seedsmen. WANTED, a SEEP BUSINESS, in a flourishing town. Must be genuine. E., Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41. "Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. TfOR SALE, NURSERYMAN & -FLORIST'S X- BUSINESS— a most desirable property, situate in the West of England, in the suburbs of a large manufacturing town, w i tli a commanding Shop in main thoroughfare. Every- thing in best working order. Will be sold very cheap- present owner in bad health. Address, in first instance, to PURCHASER. Gardeners' Chronicle Office. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. FLORIST S'— prominent position, large, fashionable watering place. Handsome Show Conserva- tory and go d Nursery on long Lease. Price, including four excellent Houses and good Stock of Plants. £800, or valuation. Part can remain. Premium waived to immediate buyer. First-rate chance fur practical man. B. POM FRET, Valuer, Tunbri.lge Well--. rPO BE LET or SOLD, a first-class NURSER1 , JL glass only. 60(111 square feet of Glass in full working order, and i, lias been awarded several Medals), should be seen to be realised. In -ipei-tion cordially invited. Free admission. CATALOGUES, post free. Frequent trainsfrom the City and West End to Cutford Bridge (S.E.B.), and Fore I Hili (L.li. &S.C.R.) Stations. JOHN I.AlNIi and SONS, New Plant Merchants, Forest Hill, London, S.E. We can •;•- dly recomnien I our strain - I laria. The flowers are b ild, well formed, and beau- tifullj -i - ol shades ol sell colours ler them mo-t attrai tive. The trusses are well thrown nj afaovBthe rich broad foliage, thus forming perfect pyramids of bloom. Per Packet, Is. and 2s. 6d., post-free. ' B - |V- : ' 1st Pri n Calceolaria grown from your " I am more than delighted with the Calceolarias grown they are greatly admired bv all who see them." .Mrs. w. luy. '• I liave been for some time intending to write to state bow beautiful our plants of Cal I ii ire nowhen a, and they bare gained thi i." w. \v. Pmi.i n--. A PRICED LIS I of WHEELER'S FLOWEESEEDS will I sent Oralis and I', i Free. Lids of a thousand of the choice! WHEELER & SON, SEED GROWERS, GLOUCESTER. pUCHS] i.S. 12 lovely, named sorte, 3». Gd.\ l v LliYBODf s" FAVOURiTES^ ■ I'MJi- 1 a tnd Manchester. pUTBUSH'd Mli.l.- V TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. —Too well known to re«|nin- descrip- tion. Price 6s. per bushel (1>. extra i ' cake; free by pare. Ipj : i . SCone genuine nnleasin sealed pack- ages an i printed cultural directions enclosed.w ith our. signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AM. SON, furserymerj and Seed Uerchants, at small cost, ljuy li lovely 13 ii.ii itropesor ULantanu, 3s, 8d.; IJouvardias, 4s. ; Her- s Calceolarias (no better strain in existence), from stores, Is. Qd. per doz.; small pots, 8 1. per do*. New list, i«i pages, three stamps. CLIURAN. oldtield Nursery. Altrincham and Manchester. PRETTY GREENHOUSF.S TXT„„ , Leicester Abbey, April 7, 1890. HOMAS WARNER begs to thank his Patrons and the General rublie for the kind support which has been accorded to him for so many years, and to inform them that he has Disposed of the whole of his Nursery and Seed Business to his son. CHARLES ROBERT WARNER, for whom he solicits a continuance of their esteemed patronage. pHARLES ROBERT WARNER, in suc- Vy ceeding to the Nursery and Seed Business lately carried on by his father at Leicester Abbey, 69. Market Place Leicester, and Cornhill, Meltou Mowbray, hopes by strict application and diligent and prompt attention to all commands entrusted to him, to merit a continuance^)! the favours and support bestowed upon the firm in the past. Accounts due to the old tirm may be paid at either of the above places of business. AILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, out Qiieenborough, Flushing, Kal- denkirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the. Ger- man and Austro-Huiig.inan Posts, is -peeiallv adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs. SiC. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariff- free on application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST, RYLKY AM) CO., ss, Bishopsgate Street. Loudon, E.C. Receiving Ollice at Holborn Viaduct Station, THE SOCIETY of APOTHECARIES of J- LONDON give notice that a Course of Twelve Lectures on BOTANY will be delivered by J. ti. ISikKK, F.R.S., F.L.S., at their Garden at Chelsea, on the Saturdays of May, June, and July next, at 3 P.m. The Lectures will be open to all Medical Students and ol lu-r gentlemen b.-iic d.-^u-ous to attend Tickets of admission to be obtained of the Bedell. J. R. UPTON, Clerk to Hie Society. Apothecaries' Hall. E.C— 1890. GR A Nil NEW C O L E U S, " DIICHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully Sturd) and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet sb ided with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pile green. This is without doubl an excellent variety, and when known issure tobecomea mi. i.. Plants 3s. erf. each (readyinMay). Post and tor Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading H Seed Potatos. AND F. SIIAKl'E havi- still in stock the following varieties of SEED POTATOS, which they -- • offering at very low prices : - Sandringh im Kidney River's Royal Ashleal Alum Kidney Old Uhleaf Kidney Pr oi Ontario Snowdrop Beaut] 0J Hebron Duke of Albany Lmerl an u-iriv Rosa W hite Elephant Covi nl ■ Pe i Schooliu isl-r Early Oxford Sutton's U / Hero Besl ol All Queen of the Valley Villugo Blacksmith And many other 1 1 b n - h.n.-i-, . n raised onourow in-- fine i ii cjualit s-. and SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. Veiteh - Improved Aslib af Mi all - Prolific Ashleal Gloucestershire Kiduey Moini Pride Snowllake U Inn Hi autj ol Hi br i i Pride of America Extra Early Vermont International Kidney Sutton's Abundance sui ion's Earl) Regent Lady Dundas Early Dalmahoy Red skin Flouiball Reading Russet Imperator Ho nun icpressly for Seed, Paul's Fruiting Vines. I> \ I I. A nii SUN have a large stock of their oificenl Cane . which would give good results fur either Planting or Fruiting in Pols. The "old" Nub -. Cheshunt, N. Cl.ILi; AVS si;i:d LIST, Illustrated, 112 pages, free, three stamps. I UTC DUCT I UP Rest Vegetablesuiid Flowers, including 111 I LriLO I InU all that is fashionable, Poppies. Gail- lurdiiis. An-. Clibran'a Tomato is the Beet. Try it I Is. lid, and 2*. t5rf. per packet. Herbaceous Calceolaria, a specialty. Is. Dl AUT O CCCn and 2s. (Irf. per pkt. White Culi- rLAnl Ot OLlU fornianT Poppy, bloomsSiucbes acioas, If. and 2s. per pkt. CLIBBAN'S PLANT LIST, Hill mips. A List Willi prices and descriptions " of all wanted _ valuable hints. JLIRRAN. oldtield Nursery, Altrincham and Mancheste: PITCHER & MANDA, GROWERS & IMPORTERS of ORCHIDS, HAUDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS, CHBYSANTHEilUMB, &c, THE UNITED STATES NURSERIES, HEXTABLE, SWANLEY, KENT. Our New CHRYSANTHEMUM CIALOGUE is jud pul- 1 bed, and will be lent, post-free, on application; ai-o ORCHIDS, oyi'RII'EIilI'MS and HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS CATALOGUES. Apply to A. J. MANDA, Manager, Tiir United States Nukseriks, fiEXTABLE, SWANLEY, KENT. 444 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. EXTRA LARGE PALMS for Winter Gardens, &c. 25 SEAFORTHIA ELEGAJJS, ,. From 10 AKECA LUTEA and A. BAUERII, I ,2 , 20 {eet 10 KENTIA BELMOKEANA, } hi u ith 10 „ FOSTERIANA, ) ^anv leaves 30 COCOS FLEXUOSA and PLUMOSA, &c. } many le,"e3- Also a very fine selection of the above varieties from 6 to 10 feet high, in the most perfect condition for decorative purposes. W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane, S.W. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C. and S. E.. £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20, 16s. ; 40, £1 Iqs. Cash with order. J. STEVENS AND CO., 153. High Street, Battersea, S.W. RCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., Farnborough, Hants. NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u^e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT, &c— C. FlDLEK, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— " I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C.J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W.P.Talbot, says :— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it, I have gained over 560 prizes. " NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, used it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited. 29, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c, may be obtained. Agents wanted. For Green and Black Fly, American Blight, Camellia Scale, Red Spider, Mealy Bug, Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. " DTTDCM 1 " THE UNIVERSAL r lOnCiIMn, insecticide. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I find it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds ; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, and so far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or ipray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January 7, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Pierena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists. Nurserymen, and Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6d„ 2s. 6rf.. and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (1 and 2 gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons and upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared only bu DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., 'Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS and SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. SAVE HALF THE COST. PADQinCQ BEDFORDSHIRE UAiIUiUL U coarse and fine 'tSS^ SILVER oANU Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pifci, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus save half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag sent on application to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun.,F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. NORMAL FERTILISER For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. -!«,.., 7 lb- 1* lb- 28 H>. 58 lb. 1 cwt- rnc8 :— 2s. 3s. 6d. 6s. 6rf. 9s. 14s. And in 6r/w will execute such orders, and forward Descriptive Circular free on aji/dication. THE it S T O T T DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with " KILLMRIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT P E S T Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices, Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to The "Stott" Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), BARTON HOUSE, MANCHESTER. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. '"WKOKlttERj C h E A PEST & BEST SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judges at the Uezandra Palace Rose Show, 1889, after ir. Month-' Trinl. Awarded a Certificate ,.1 M.tiI 1.) I In- S, 'iilli-l, lt..rti.-nll nr:i! A -...■nil lull, 1SSH. Mr. W. Q. Head, Crystal Palace, says : ■*' We were so satis Bed with your eomno-iiion uiul its price, thai we have used it absolutely, and have every rumMm.-.. in r.-i-ommending it." Mi R. IbwikLtsi s, Curator, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says: " There can be no question -with regard to its efficacy." Prices :-In 1 and a-gal. tins, 2s. per gal. i Irums, is. 6d. per gal. j 10 and It-g ■ ' Spei tal quotal ion for Larger quai p ni on in yuN. and upwards. On '- ! 9 : Gallons of Water. TO DE 11\1> OF Al.I. Nt'HsllUMI \ A\l> Si I i.smkn. To proven! disappointment, insist upon having the •■ ACME." ii II; in is. is. 4d. Carriage ole i'i M.i THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY. Tunbrldge, Kent ; & Carlton St.. Bolton, Lancashire. ■■ frl « W I'm MMOM>\ Suss. :,M. Hanson St., Dublin; Wai.i tnCxssoa sr.Soira.21, Bachelor's Walk. Dublin; ii ii.iu rP() MAKKl'.T (iAUDl'.M'.US. fee— To Grow 1 Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS, Gardeners should useSULPHATl ol IMMONIA. One trial will prove the great vain.- of tins Manure, and ensure its constant nee hereafter. It can be applied eithtT separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden l'lanu an- much benefited by being watered with a w.-ak solution once or twii •- :> »v k. In-tnir lions on Application, post-free. 1'r fr rail, at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 58 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield tins Company, Sheffield. IX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3*. ; three for 2s. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d.; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive HiRhly-liinslii'.l Cn| «. with original. FRANCIS AND CO.. 29. Ludgate Hill, London, E.G. HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. Have the BOILERS of the latest PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc. ; VENTILATING GEAR and VALVES. In the event of a Pipe requiring to be repln^l in t h- |* it. Tit Huri/ontiil Tubular Roil without the necessity of disturbing the brick wort setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, LONDON Telegraphic Address-" HOT- WATER. London." Telephone, No. 4763 may be effected in the course of a few minutes. S.E. 446 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apbil 12, 1890. SUTTON'S FLORIST'S FLOWERS The Best Strains in existence. ', Per Packet SUTTON'S SUPERB PRIMOLA 3/6 SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA 5/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PERFECTION CALCEOLARIA 6/- and 3/6 SUTTON'S PRIZE GLOXINIA 8/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PRIZE BEGONIA B/- and 2/6 FREE BY POUT. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON & SONS,READINC. FERNS a SPECIALITY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. MOO species and varieties of stove, greenhouse and hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Books, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21). containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on thecultivation of Ferns, o.neShilling and Sixpence, postrfree. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. KELWAY'S EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. FOR DIRECT IMPORTATION. WE shall be glad to receive Orders for Mr. J. C. V. RAVENSWAY, for any of the EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS for importation during the coming season. He is well known as a careful collector, and thoroughly under- stands how to prepare and pack for shipment. We only charge for Plants that arrive in good condition, and prices can be obtained on application to — WALTER KEMSLEY & CO., 147, LEADENHALL STREET, LONDON, E.C. A THE BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN \ DICKSONS |elS:la"t3 CHESTER. BUY AND TRY THE PENNY PACKET SEED COMPANY'S SEEDS AND PLANTS, THE PENNY PACKET SYSTEM Has been pronounced the most complete and economical system of supplying seeds. 3000 VARIETIES CATALOGUED ot Vegetable and Flower Seeds in Penny Packets; also by weight and measure at lowest prices. Also a Select List of HARDY PLANTS. COLD MEDAL . For repairing old Lawns 1, 3 25/ 6 & 2 6 ROYAL SEEDSMEN BY SF.U.ED WARRANTS 23 7 238 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Evidence of quality. Seed saved from Pri/.e Plants. In illustrated Packet?, choice mixed. Single or Double varieties, Is., 2s. Gd,, and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. Bd. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per do/,. ; Unnamed Seedliugs, 12s. to 21s. per doz. ; Bedding, choicest, 6s. and 9s. per doz. ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per doz. ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per doz. Order direct from us. to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING AND SON'S. Bryonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E. April 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 447 DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH, BEG to offer the following from their splendid Collection of Choice Named FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c, all guaranteed true to name, and sent Carriage Free at prices quoted : — Per doz. Chrysanthemums.— Strong rooted cuttings from s. d, our fine collection of Japanese and Incurved varieties per 100, 15s. 2 6 ,, Extra choice sorts per 100, 21s. 3 6 „ Six superb new Japanese, including Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 7s. 6d. Fuchsias.— Single and Double-flowered. All the mo>t beautiful sorts. Nice young plants from single pots 6 for 2s. 3 6 ,, Extra choice sorts 6 for 2s. 6rf. 4 6 ,, Four superb new varieties, including Countess of Aberdeen, 5s. &d. Pelargoniums. — All autumn-struck, well-rooted young plants from single pots : — ,, Single-flOWered Zonal, from our magnifi- cent collection, including the newest and most beautiful sorts 6 for '2s. 6d. 4 6 ,, Extra choice and new varieties ... 6 for 3s. 6d. 6 o ,, Six superb new varieties of 1889 (Pearson's set). Is. 6d. ., Double-flowered Zonal. A splendid clas* of highly improved varieties. Fine named our selection 6 for 2$. 6d. 4 6 „ Extra choice varieties 6 for 3s. 6d. 6 0 iperb new varieties of 1889. "s. 6d. .. Double-flowered Ivy-leaved. A magoifi- ' class. Splendid for pots, banging baskets, vases, or for bedding out. Fine I ies to name 6 for 2s. 6d. 4 6 ,. Extra choice sorts tj for 3i ,. 1 bree fine new varieties of 1839; 4s. Carnations and PlCOtees.— Choice named vane ties, oar selection 6s., 9s. and 12 0 Hardy Flowering Plants.-A splendid assort- ment, including men fine plants as Helen- lum pumiinm, Anthemis pallida, Perennial Phloxes, Lychnis splendens, &c. Establi&hed : n an ai ogle pot - per 100, 30«. ; 25 for 8s. 4 6 Begonias, Tuberous-rooted, Single.- immense flowers, and in the most beautiful variety. Strong flowering dormant tubers per 100, iOs. 6 0 .. Double-flowered, splendid varieties 9 o Gladiolus, Gandavensis hybrids. — Choice named sorts, our selection, in splendid variety of showy sorts 4s. 6d. and 6 0 ,, Exhibition variation, very fine ... 9s. and 12 0 ,, Brancbleyensie, the fine old showy scarlet variety per 100, 10s. 6d. 1 6 DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT. FRUIT. ROSES. 20 Acres. Bushes 8*. per dozen, 60*. per 100. £U° Packing anil Carriage Free for Cash with Older. ROSES IN POTS from 15*. per dozen. ORNAMENTAL TREES, 91 Aores. 4 Acres of Glass. CLEMATIS (80,000), 12a., 1 is., and 24s. per doz. SEEDS & BULBS. ranr^:"KK' Descriptive LISTS free. RICHARD SMITH & CO., WORCESTER. CHEAP OFFER of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. EXPIRATION of LEASE.— A Large Quan- i .lv of ORNAMENTAL TREES anti SHKI'rJS to be SOLD CHEAP, owing to the above cause. i all parti, nl a ij 1 1 The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Ltd , The Vineyard and Numeric, Gar-tun, n^,,r Liverpool. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON, Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER, DERBYSHIRE, Begs to inform the readers of this Paper that he is pre- pared to execute Orders for the following plants, all of which are of the vrgfnest strains that money can but/. They have all been grown on the Derbi/shire hills, and are hardy and strong. Carriage free. Cash with order. Descriptive LIST, id. ; free to customers. (CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Special culture, not \J a collection of old-fashioned sorts, but the cream only of the best English, French, American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good well-rooted plants, 1-' for 25. ; 25 for is. fwz\, warranted true to name ; 12 varieties, all new of 1888 and 1889, for 4s. P TANSIES.— A great Specialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prizes. The cream only of the most noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctlv named. Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s.. 25 for 5s. id., free. Also Seed. Is. and 2s. id. per pfct, PHLOX, special culture, the cream only from Downie, Laird & Sous. Kehvay, Ware, and other first- class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s.. 12 for 3s., true to name. Strong stools, to bloom well. pARNATIONS, PICOTEES.and CLOY ES. KJ Strong layers, to bloom well, finest named varieties, 12 distinct colours for 4s., 25 for 7s. id. Also Seed, Is. and 2s. id. per packet. / CANTERBURY BELLS.— Grand new colours V-/ and new forms; double and single, telescopes, cup and eaucer, and other varieties, 12 plants, to bloom well. Is. ad. ; 25. 2s. (id. Also Seed, 6d. and Is. per packet. rpHir BEAl Til LL PUKE WHITE and X PINKMALVAMOSCHATA.oneoftheberthai plants in cultivation. Strong Si-year old plants. 12 for Is. id. ; 25 for 2s. 6^. ; also Seed. id. and Is. per packet. HOLLYHOCKS. Warranted all fine double flowers. Chater's select strain. Strong year-old plants to bloom well. 12 varieties. .Is. ; 6 varieties, 2s. P OLYANTHUS and TRIM ROSE. Hybrids, splendid mixed colours, finest strain grown, 12 foi 25 for 2*. 6d.; 100,9s, all good blooming plant-. Also Sei I, id. and Is. per packet. YACINTHUS CANDICANS.- A really fine and stately hardy white-flowered border plant, six for Is. id.. 12 for i H flo» DELP3 1 1 MIWIS. -In all thecoloursfou.nl in . rvedly popular class of border plants. Strong Moom well. 6 for Is. tW. ; 12 for 2s. id., free. Also Seed. id. and Is. per packet. f^XGLOVES.— Gloxinia flowered. Dean's grand new large spotted, and pure white varieties. 12 for A s, ...Mi. per packet. 0 WEETLY - SCENTED, PURE SNOW- 0 WHITE PINKS, quite hardy, 12 for Is. id.. 24 for 2s. id. CA KXATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— Btrong year old plants, from finest varieties only, in- cluding in ,12 beautiful varieties for 2j. id., fj mr I . Ad., 100. 15r. FANCY PANSIES.— Unnamed, 12 fori*. ■■>■/■. for p All different and first-class sorts. THE NEW DOUBLE SCARLET GEUM] hardy free bloomer, strong two-vear-old plants, IS for .'. Also 6 HARDY PERENNLALT BORDEJR '— PLANTS (named), distinct and useful for decor a and cutting purposes, for 2 ) VARIETIES of SHOM J , free-flowering, ' WINDOW PLANTS (named), for 2 NEW 8TRA W 1 1 1 ; I ; RY, NOBLE (Laxton's I. —This is, without doubt, the earliest, handsomest, largest, and best strawberry in cultivation; 12 fruiting plant* for Is. id.. 26 f,,r .'.. id . 100 for 7 . id. STRAWBERRY "PLANTS.— Selected Crowns for fruiting this year; British Queen. Pauline. Sabreur, Vicomtesse H. de Thurv, Duke of Edinburgh. King of the Earlies, Sir Harrv. Dr. ilogg, President, The Captain 12 othi id extra i S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, BELPER. -45 a Supplement TO THE Gardeners' Chronicle FOB Next Week, April 19, WILL BE Published an Ink Photograph OF A VIEW IN THE PLEASURE GROUNDS AT ME N T M O R E. THE darters' djtontclt SATURDAY, APRIL 12, 1890. .MALTESE GARDENS. "VTALTESE gardens, like Maltese fields, are -^-"-*- all walled in, and mostly very small Earth is a scarcity, for little of the virgin soil of .Malta and Oozo, when these islands formed part of the continent, has escaped denudation. All that can be extracted from crevices and caves is utilised ; some small quantity only having been brought from Sicily and elsewhere dining the reign of the Knights as ballast, the rest con- sists of the il'< position of the limestone rooks itself, of which the islands an' entirely composed. There Is am interesting example of one of the caves alluded to in a garden now belonging to Captain Price (formerly of II. M.S. Carysfbri), vrhiob was constructed by the previous owner, Mr, I'l'i'i-r. When he had excavated the earth from what, appeared at first to bo a superficial fissure, he discovered that it was a " swallow- holc," as such is called in Derbyshire ; and when all the earth was cleared out, it was found to lead to an ancient subterranean watercourse, 68 Peel deep. That being dow the level of the mi, it could urn be traced further, as the water Came in through the lissures in the limestone. The sides are waterworn, anil show clearly that it was a place where, in former days, a river plunged headlong down, and then ran under- ground; just as often occurs in limestone coun- tries, such as Derbyshire. Eerns and other plants now clothe its sides, affording a curious and interesting feature in the garden. Mi. I Ian y's garden, at St. Julian's, and ('apt. Price's, at Pieta, are, I believe, the largest gardens in the island, excepting, perhaps, that of the Governor's summer residence at San Antonio; but for picturesqueness they are unsurpassed. Mr. Harry's consists of at least fifteen separate portions at different elevations, divided off by walls or terraces, the largest of which is shown • I lin Li m- gaid.-n is, [hi baps, the largest, I. mug about 60 by 40 feet. One oi 448 THE GAJRDENEFS' GHRONTCLE. [April 12, 1890. more of the " gardenettes," to coin a con- venient term, as also in Captain Price's, are devoted to the cultivation of Mandarin, Blood, Egg, and other kinds of Oranges, Lemons, white Nectarines, Loquats, and Almonds. All the walls, ranging from some 3 to 15 or more feet in height, are covered with purple-flowering Bou- gainvilleas, Tritomas, Passion-flowers, the blue Plumbago, Pelargoniums, Ficus repens, and Ivy. There are many interesting trees and shrubs in both gardens ; as, for example, in Mr. Harry's there is a very old India-rubber, Ficus elastica, its many branches growing to a great height. It is situated at the end of the long terrace, which terminates in a little paved court. An ancient well stands on the opposite side, at a distance of 30 feet (fig. 67). The roots of the Ficus have, nevertheless, discovered it, for they have spread under the paving seen in the foreground, and intercalated themselves into the sides of the well into which they have then descended. In another of the gardenettes is a large Acacia from Australia and a Casuarina (fig. 68), which was planted in 1872 as a seedling. It is now about 26 feet high, the circumference of the base of the trunk being 30 inches ; and at 4J feet, 21 inches ; a fair growth for seventeen years. In another part of the garden is a " blue Hibiscus " (II. Pattersoni) at least 30 feet high, and a hand- some Wigandia, which, like the Ficus, is diving under the walks and walls, and sending up young trees in unexpected places. One does not expect to see much bloom in the depth of winter, but the reader would be surprised to see the dense masses of blossom upon yellow Cassias, scarlet Bignonia radicans, and its yellow ally, B. stans, as well as the Trompe de Jugement, the large white double Datura. Lastly, Bougainvilleas exhibit dense masses or sheets of purple on the walls. The Rose garden, which would now have been full of blossom, had not there been a very prolonged drought in Malta last autumn, is bordered on one side by a row of great varie- gated Agaves, the low wall being covered with masses of Sempervivum arboreum, which now grows almost spontaneously in Malta, having been introduced probably more than sixty years ago. It bears trusses of golden-yellow flowers, nearly as large as that of the Horse Chestnut ; the foliage is in terminal rosettes. Poiusettias grow 12 feet high, with a profusion of scarlet leaves, and fine varieties of Crotons and Bilbergias ; B. Leopoldi being in blos- som, brighten up the stone corridors and passages, where freely-growing Adiantums, Aspleniums, and other Ferns, form a perfect bower for the visitor to walk through. One corridor, the entrance to Mr. Harry's house, is at least 100 feet long, with Ferns to the right, Ferns to the left, and Ferns suspended overhead ; as well as Palms and other plants. The method of growing Adiantums outside earthern vessels is a favourite one in Malta ; the globular vessel is very porous, and kept full of water. On the outside are fixed lumps of clay, upon which the Fern roots are fastened ; they soon clothe the whole with a luxuriant mass'of foliage. We have figured one of these " chatties," as they are called, as an example (fig. 71, p. 461). At each end of the long passage mentioned, stands a fine plant of Philodendron pertusum, with its curiously perforated and slashed leaves. Apropos of this, on an occasion when the corridor was illu- minated, and lamps were placed behind the Philo- dendrons, a guest naively remarked, to Mr. Harry, " What trouble it must have been to cut out all the holes in the leaves to let the light through ! " Another remarkable plant is a brick-red coloured Bougainvillea, the only specimen in the island, which Mr. Harry received from Madagascar. A fine Cycad, with its spreading foliage, around which Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (a great favourite in Malta, and used in decorations of the dinner-table), had grown, formed a pleasing combination. The borders were bright with scarlet Salvias, Lavandula spica, Polygala Chamtebuxus just coming out; while several large trees of white and rose-coloured Almonds are in full bloom at the present date (January 25). On the limestone rocks are Cacti and Mesembry- anthemums covering many square yards, including the indigenous " Ice plant," M. crystallinum. In one " wild " corner is a cluster of the tall stems of the native Arundo donax, a mass of Arum italicum, and the so-called English weed, Oxalis cernua, with its bright yellow flowers, the trifoliolate leaves carpeting the ground, while cultivated varieties of the native Narcissus tazetta, now in full bloom, were abundant. Palms are not abundant in Malta, though the dwarf Fan Palm, Chamserops humilis, is pretty frequent in gardens ; while two lofty Dates furnished the name to Mr. Harry's house as " The Palms." It is not generally cultivated, as it will not furnish edible fruit in the Island. One remarkable tree known as Zinzilla (Zizyphus), bears curiously gouty twigs to its branches, and al- though it bears plenty of fruit, Mr. Harry says that it invariably falls prematurely if stones be not wedged in at the forks of the branches ; when this is done, the fruit ripens. He has frequently tested this curious fact, and can vouch for its truth. The only interpretation which seems feasible is, that the stones in some way impede the circulation, but it is not clear how this is effected. Mr. Harry is not without his Fig trees, so common in Malta, but to see tall branching trees devoid of leaves, as it is midwinter, some 15 feet high, clothed below to some 8 feet with scarlet Pelargoniums in full vigour, presents a curious contrast. I must not conclude without a tribute to the owner's great liberality, for though he delights in his flowers without, and, I may add, his extensive and valuable collection of curios within his house, his friends, and the writer included, well know how often are their drawing-rooms brightened by a floral display, which at once betray their source at St. Julian's. At this moment our own tables have upon them large sprays of white and pink Almonds, Irises, Pelargoniums, Tea and other Hoses, bunches of yellow Cassia and scarlet Bignonia. Accompany- ing them are the following wild flowers, which I have gathered from the rocky valleys on the south side of the Island : bunches of Erica multiflora, Narcissus tazetta, Rosemary, Asphodelus ramosus, Orchis fusca and saccata ; while the fields, &c, have furnished the scarlet Adonis cupaniana and purple Anemone coronaria, the pink Silene sericea, and the yellow Chrysanthemum coronaria. George Henslow, Malta, January 25. (To be continued J New or Noteworthy Plants. BARLKHIA INVOLUCRATA, NEES, var. ELATA, Clarke* This is a fine addition to our soft-wooded stove plants, and is larger than either B. Mackenii or B. Gibsoni. The plant is a native of the Nilgherry mountains, but has, I am told, been introduced by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons from Singapore. Dalzell states that this plant grows to a height of 6 feet, and " when in flower has a very showy * Barleria iuvolucrata, Nees, var. elata, Clarke in Hooker, Flora of British. India, vol. iv.. p. 486. B. elata, Dalzell in Hooker, Kew Journal, vol. iii., p. 927. The stems are her- baceous and branching, with an adpressed pubescence. The leaves are 4—9 inches long, and 1J — 3 inches broad, elliptic- lanceolate acuminate, and tapering iuto the petiole at the base, so that the upper part of the petiole appears winged ; both 6ides have a scattered pubescence. The flowers in well developed plants grow in large terminal panicles of several flowered cymes, with linear-lanceolate bracts. The two outer calyx lobes are ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate acute, the two iuner ones being much smaller. The corolla has a tube 1 ] inch long, dilated in the upper part, and five broad spreading lobes rounded at their ap;x, the diameter of the flower being about 2} inches, aud ii of a fine deep blue colour, darker at the throat. appearance." If it can be successfully cultivated so as to make a well-developed inflorescence, such as the wild specimens show it to be capable of pro- ducing, then I think it will be a grand stove decorative plant, and one that will be much admired. 2V. E. Brown, Kew. Paulownia Fobtonei, Hemsley, n. sp. Among the many interesting dried plants sent to Kew by Mr. C. Ford, the Superintendent of the Hong Kong Botanic Garden, are excellent speci- mens, both in flower and fruit, of what proves to be an undescribed species of Paulownia. Not that it was quite unknown, as Fortune collected flowering specimens of it without leaves. There are two such specimens in the Kew Herbarium — one from the Benthamian collection, labelled Paulownia imperialis, Fortune, China, n. 46 ; and the other from the Hookerian collection, from the same source, num- bered 48. The latter specimen, consisting of three flowers aud the otherwise naked axis of a large panicle, was described by Seemann (Journal of Botany, 1867, p. 373), under the name of Campsis Fortunei. In the periodical cited, Seemann revived Loureiro's genus, Campsis, for Tecoma grandiflora (syn. Bignonia grandiflora), a native of China and Japan, including in it the plant under consideration, the North American Tecoma radicans, and two or three Malayan species. I have followed Bentham and Hooker in retaining Paulownia near the arboreous, or shrubby genera, Brookia, Wightia, and Brandisia in the Scrophu- larinese ; and it was not until I reached the Bignoni- acere for the Index Flora Sinensis, that I discovered a name had been given to Fortune's plant. The genera named form a connecting link between the Scrophularineaj and the Bignoniaceae, and it is diffi- cult to determine the natural order of imperfect specimens of this affinity ; hence it is not surprising that Seemann did not recognise Fortune's specimen as a Paulownia. In the dried state the flowers of P. Fortunei are so much like those of P. imperialis, that the late Dr. Hance, who had specimens of the former from Chefoo, confused them. So far as I know, P. Fortunei has only been observed, or at all events collected, in the two distant provinces of Kwangtung and Shantung, the actual localities being separated by about 15° of latitude. I have seen specimens of P. imperialis from Ningpo, which is situated on the coast about mid-way between the two places where P. Fortunei has been found ; and Dr. Henry collected it in the central province of Hupeh, where, he notes, he observed it wild in various mountain localities. Paulownia Fortunei is readily distinguished from 1*. imperialis by its much elongated, heart-shaped, long-pointed leaves, glabrous and almost shining on the upper surface, with a very short and very dense whitish tomentum on the under surface. The flowers are longer and more curved ; but I have no definite information of the colour. The seed-vessel, too, is much larger than that of P. imperialis, as figured by Siebold and Zuccarini ; but I have not seen a ripe one of the latter. It is surprising that these two species should so long have been confused, though this probably would not have been the case had the common one proved a satisfactory ornamental tree in this country, and developed its full beauty. P. Fortunei produces its flowers early in the season, before or at the same time as the leaves ; therefore we cannot hope that it will prove more suitable to our climate than P. imperialis. A fuller description will appear in the next part of the Index Flora Sinensis. W. Bolting Hemsley. Mr. Gladstone at Weybridge.— We are informed that the veteran statesman, when on a visit to Admiral Egerton last week, was taken by his host to see Mr. G. F. Wilson's garden. He evinced much interest in what he saw, admiring the flowers greatly, especially the Oakwood Blue Primrose, that attracted so much attention at Westminster on Tuesday last. April 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 449 THE DAFFODIL KING. There will be few, if any, who will be disponed to question the right of Mr. Peter Barr to this designa- tion. Previous to his accession, Daffodils were few in number. Gerard and Parkinson and Dr. Hill [Hale's Eden] knew a few varieties. Later on Haworth entered the arena. Dean Herbert, whose has taken it up with the indomitable zeal of an enthusiast. Putting commercial considerations on one side, as of secondary importance, he, though a man of business, has allowed himself to be governed by his love of Daffodils, and has spared neither labour nor money in their collection. He has made long and tedious journeys in rough countries in quest of his favourite plants. On these occasions Jj'io. ijt.-^wkli -noi 5K. me, harry's oAiiDtv, st, julun's, malta. (see p, iln.j merits as a botanist are better appreciated by his successors than they were by his contemporaries, experimented with them. Leeds and Backhouse and Nelson won repute as hybridists. But in spite of these labourers, those who can look back twenty or five- and-twentyyearswill remember that the sorts then generally known and cultivated could be counted by units, whereas scores or even hundreds would now be required. What originally induced Mr. Barr to take up the subject we do not know ; certain it is that he his couch has not seldom been the rock, the sky his coverlet. Nor has collection been his only aim. Study of their peculiarities has been, and is, a perfect passion with him. Observation and research are continually increasing his store of knowledge, for truly nothing relating to Daffodils is foreign to Mr. Barr. Those who see the fields of Daffodils in the neighbourhood of London, inspect the piles in the markets or in the florists' shops, or admire the displays made at the several spring exhibitions, should re- member with gratitude the name of Peter Barr. It is he who created this now vast trade, it is he who stimulated it, it is he who has added so much to our enjoyment, and at a cost which permits the masses to share the delight with their wealthier neighbours ; it is he who is constantly enriching our stores with new varieties raised by himself, or obtained from other sources. Others, besides himself, are now engaged in the trade, and are worthily following in his footsteps. Far be it from us to disparage them, or to draw invidious comparisons. We simply note the fact that Barr was the first in the field, and that to his energy and zeal we owe the present vast extension of Daffodil lore, and the corresponding enhancement of love for the Daffodil. We do not know where Mr. Barr's library may be — that he has access to one is quite obvious, for he quotes Parkinson and Gerard, Haworth, Herbert, and Baker, as if he were quite familiar with what they have written on the Daffodil. But, wherever his library may be, or whatever use he may have made of literary material, it is quite certain that the plants themselves have formed the main study of his life ; printer's ink and type have been usedil accessories, but constant study in the field has been the chief source whence he has derived his knowledge. In spite of the now extremely numerous varieties of Daffodil and Narcissus (we may, for our present purpose, use the terms in- differently), they admit readily of being classed under some dozen groups. These groups may be called subgenera, or species, or varieties, according to the judgment of the observer. It matters comparatively little whether Mr. A. considers this group important enough to be called a subgenus, while Mr. B. esti- mates it at specific rank only. What is of import- ance, is to be able to distinguish the group, and leave fanciers or students to give precedence and rank to the several groups according to their indi- vidual judgment. Mr. Barr works upon a plan which every botanist adopts as far as he is able — he endeavours to discover the original types — the starting points, that is, of all this variation. Keen observation and constant com- parison enable him to do this with a degree of certainty that no mere casual student or amateur could hope to attain. Wanderings in Spain, the Pyrenees, and in the lliviera have enabled him in many cases to hunt his quarry in its original fast- nesses, and thus to bring to light the originals of some of the garden forms, so that now in walking through his quarters he is able to say of such a form — this must be of Spanish origin, that of Italian extraction, and so on. Prom Bayonne to Gallicia, su\s .Mr. Uarr, all the Daffodils are sulphur-coloured. In Gallicia bicolor forms are found ; then come yellow forms all round the coast as far as the Portu- guese province of Estramadura. Daffodils of Italian Origin may be recognised by the fact that they are apt to be thin in substance as compared with others. Researches of this kind have interest not only for the botanist but for the historian also — a singular illustration of the fact that the student of one de- partment of knowledge cannot afford to disregard the evidence supplied by another. Certain varieties, for instance, have lately been found in Irish gardens. The Narcissus now known as Henry Irving, turned up unexpectedly in a Dutch garden, where it must have existed for many a gene- ration unheeded. Golden Spur had a similar origin. Whence, and how came these varieties '< They must have existed in Ireland or in Holland, as the case may be, for generations ; and the natural inference is that they were introduced into those countries by means of ecclesiastical or military travellers from Spain or Italy. But, says Mr. Barr, in answer, if this suggestion were correct, we ought to find the originals still wild, or, at least, in cultivation in Spain or southern Europe, but it is not so. This, of course, opens up the question whether they may not, indeed, have had the origin supposed, but have become modified in course of time in their new location. At least, this is a plausible supposition, 450 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. one that some people would pass by as insoluble, and others treat as a matter of indifference. Mr. B:irr, however, would, we are quite sure, not con- sider any Daffodil problem as absolutely insoluble ; still less would he treat it with indifference. The Daffodils with their trumpet-shaped flowers and large coronas or crowns, the Narcissus with their flat flowers and shallow cups vary in stature, colour and form of the parts of the flower. There is the green ovary or young sef d pod, which in some flowers is cylindric, in others obovoid with the broad end of the egg uppermost, in others angular. Surmounting this is the perianth tube, long, slender, cylindrical, or slightly dilated upwards, greenish or yellowish in all the Narcissi proper, broadly funnel- shaped, and relatively short in the true Daffodils. Then comes the limb of the perianth with its six lobes broad or narrow, blunt or pointed, white or of various shades of yellow, spreading or directed forwards. In the centre is the cup or^corona, short and shallow like a saucer in the true Narcissi, yellow or orange — especially at the edge, often more or less folded, while in the Daffodils or Trumpet Narcissi the corona is as long as the segments, or nearly so, broadly tubular, of various shades of yellow or orange, but generally darker in shade than the segments themselves. The free margin of the trumpet is regularly or irregularly lobed, and more or less reflexed. Notice should also be taken of the relative length and position of the stamens and styles, and of the periods at which they respectively become mature. All these peculiarities, and many others that might be mentioned, are familiar to the botanist, and are detailed in the works of Baker and Burbidge, but it may be of service to the amateur to indicate where he should look for differences between his favourites. Mr. Barr's study is situated at Thames Ditton, a few miles from Richmond and Kingston, and easily reached from those towns or from Surbiton. It con- sists of some 15 acres of flat sandy loam, such as is found throughout the Thames Valley, and this area is largely devoted to Daffodils. Other plants there are — Anemones, Muscaris, Primroses, Pseonies, Lilies, and so forth ; but just now the main attraction centres in the Daffodils, which occupy the greater portion of the ground. While other cultivators grow some dozen or twenty varieties at most, Mr. Barr is not satisfied with anything less than a com- plete representation of the genus. Hence, we find the Iioop Petticoat Narcissi, the triandrus group, the cyclamineus series, the big Daffodils, the little Daffodils, the least Daffodils, the bicolor Daffodils, the cernuus contingent, the incomparabilis tribe, the odorus section, the rugulosus set, the tridymus clan, the poeticus breed, the polyanthus and Tazetta hordes, all as fully represented as possible ; and then who shall number, much more describe, the in- finite variety of hybrids and crosses, the Leedsi mix- tures, the Barri bleedings, the Burbidgei combina- tions, and the Bernard i amalgamations. Mr. Barr, by long practice, pronounces judgment upon the supposed parentage of these crosses. In some cases, the correctness of the affiliation is obvious to an unpractised eye, but in others we require to be shown, and even then the unpractised eye fails to grasp the points which seem so obvious to the King of the Daffodils. His majesty even goes so far as to trace in the hybrid something of the character of the raiser. This may sound far fetched, but if one thinks of the scholarly, sensitive, refined experimenter, and of the uneducated, rough-and- ready cultivator, it is easy to see that though both may be working for a common aim, their methods are likely to differ, and the results correspondingly to be diverse — alike in principle, modified in detail. All this and much more we pick up from Mr. Barr as he conducts us round his quarters ; we rapidly note the main differences in the colour, form, and size of the perianth ; specially are we struck with the variations in colour and breadth of the " grass," or foliage. Clearly the leaves would afford an excellent field for research, and we have no doubt whatever that a clue to the solution of some of the Daffodil problems we have alluded to would be afforded by a careful microscopical scrutiny of the leaf-structure. But who is to do it? we ask our- selves in despair, as our guide thrusts into our cab, as we are leaving, a big sheaf of varieties, with their fluttering labels attached, as numerous as the bits of paper in the praying wheels of the Tibetan priests. Ah! there it is— the old story ; there is so much to be learnt, so few to learn — so little time or oppor- tunity, so much other work that must be done. Even the king admits that he is occasionally beaten by circumstances, and if that be so with him, a fortiori, it must be so with humbler individuals. At any rate, we are obliged to hold our hands, and to defer any special notice of particular varieties till another occasion ; but let all who wish to know something more about Daffodils than they can learn from the exhibition table follow our example, and betake themselves to Thames Ditton, and pay homage to the Daffodil King. PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW. The following are noteworthy amongst the plants now in flower in the houses at Kew : — Crinodexdrox Hookeriancm (Temperate-house). — A Chilian plant, which is now rare in cultivation, although Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons introduced it many years ago. It is said to form a tree 20 feet high, but in cultivation it is a compact shiub, with horizontal branches clothed with Bog Myrtle-like leaves and drooping axillary flowers. These are very ornamental, as they hang singly on stalks 3 inches long, and are not unlike the flowers of Clematis coccinea in texture, form, and colour, except that they are smaller, and coloured uniformly bright crimson. Probably this plant would thrive out-of-doors in the warmer parts ol this country. Th" Kew example is 18 inches high, and bears twelve flowers. There are two species of Crinoden- dron, both of them Chilian. Rhododendron scahrifoliam (Temperate-house). — This is one of the Yunnan species, and is the first to flower in England. It is erect, unbranched, 2 feet high, clothed its whole length with scabrid, hairy, oval, acuminate leaves, 2\ inches long, and bearing at the top a compact head of flowers, each 1} inch across, almost flat, with rounded segments, white, faintly tinted with rose. In its present character it cannot be classed amongst first-rate garden Rhododendrons. Randia {Gardenia) Stanleyana. — A plant 18 inches high, bearing ten flowers, has attracted much atten- tion in one of the stoves. Although introduced from Sierra Leone by the Earl of Derby nearly fifty years ago, and long ago proved easy to manage, free in the production of flowers, and decidedly ornamental as well as distinct, this plant does [not appear to find much favour amongst cultivators. The flowers are long, trumpet-shaped, 9 inches long, very fragrant, dark purple outside, white with purple dots inside. The limb of the flower is about 3 inches across. Euadenia eminens (Stove). — One of the most re- markable of the Capparidere, and although not striking in the colour or form of its flowers, yet it is just the kind of plant to arrest attention and excite curiosity. It has flowered every year at Kew since it was introduced by Mr. Bull from West Africa in 1881. The plant is 18 inches high, and the leaves are trifoliolate, bright green, deciduous. The flowers are in a large loose head on the ends of the branches ; they are erect, with four green sepals and four petals, two of which are 4 inches long, erect, leaf-like, pale yellow, the other pair being scarcely a quarter of an inch long. The leaves are cast by the Kew plant late in the autumn, and it is then kept on the dry side until February. [An illustra- tion from Mr. Bull's plant will be found in our colnmns on April 29, 1882.1 Rudr/ca macrophylla. — Several flowering examples of this fine Rubiaceous plant are now in the stove. When healthy, it rarely fails to produce in spring its dense heads of creamy-white fleshy flowers. On strong plants the leaves are 2 feet long, very stout and leathery. It is a native of Brazil. [Illustrated in these columns, July 12. 1879] Cyrtanthits obliquus. — The largest and one of the most distinct of the Cyrtanthi, of which some twenty species have been found at the Cape. It has large, clustered bulbs, stout, leathery, glaucous green leaves 2 inches wide, and erect scapes 18 inches long, each bearing an umbel of large tubular, curved, orange-yellow and green flowers, suggesting the flowers of Blandfordia. A specimen bearing five scapes of flowers is now in the Cape-house. Pentapterygium serpens is one of the prettiest of the Indian Whortleberries. It has a thick woody rootstock, from which spring long wand-like, arching branches clothed with stout bright green leaves, and bearing drooping axillary flowers, which areurceolate, 1 inch long, bright crimson, with darker veins. The leaves of the young shoots are coloured deep crim- son. It is a pretty greenhouse plant, and may be seen in flower now in the Heath-house. Helicodciros crinitus (Cape-house), is not often seen, although an old garden plant under the name of Arum crinitum. Its large ovate spathe, 9 inches long, 6 inches wide, tawny-yellow in colour, shaggy, with reddish hairs on the inside, and the spinous- looking black-purple spadix are very remarkable, even for an Aroid. The odour emitted by the flowers on first opening is more powerful than pleasant. Taccarum Warmingianum (Stove) is another large flowered tuberous-rooted Aroid, which resembles the Arisa?mas in its habit of developing the leaf along with the inflorescence. This is pushed from the base of the leaf-stalk, and is 9 inches long, about half as wide, folded at the base; the colour outside is ^reen with numerous line3 of brown, whilst inside the colour is purple-brown. The flowers on the spadix are pale yellow. EchiiiM arborcum is now grandly in flower in the Temperate-house. It is a giant Bugloss from Madeira, and is 10 feet high, nearly the same through, whilst the numerous leafy branches are each terminated by a large spike of rich blue flowers. w. ir. POTATO EXPERIMENTS. We have been favoured from the Horticultural Division of the Rhode Island State Experimental Station with a report of some interesting experiments on the Potato crop in 1889 on the — Methods of Planting and Test of Varieties. Much difference of opinion exists among Potato growers concerning the merits of the various methods of planting now practised, and the compa- rative value for production for market, and for home consumption, of the many varieties of Potatos that are each season offered for sale for seed purposes. In consideration of these tacts, together with a know- ledge of the importance of the Potato crop as a source of one of our staple articles of food, this series of experiments was conducted with the object of solving, as far as possible, the following questions : — 1. Is the yield of an individual plant of Potatos mainly determined by the space allotted to it in the row and the condition of the soil ? or is it materially influenced by the amount of seed Potato planted ? 2. Is the size of Potatos influenced by the quantity of seed planted 'i 3. What varieties are best adapted to that par- ticular soil and climate ? 4. Are northern grown Potatos better for seed than home grown ? 5. What varieties are least subject to Potato disease ? The field used for the experiment was new land, the soil loam, with a yellow loam subsoil, and the natural drainage good. A dressing of farmyard manure was spread broad- cast, and turned under with the sod. After being thoroughly harrowed, the field was furrowed out, May 9, into rows 3 feet apart. Before the Potatos were planted, a manurial mixture, com- posed of muriate of potash and ground bone, was scattered and well incorporated with the soil by means cf a cultivator. On the two following days, May 10 and 11, the Potatos were planted, 114 different varieties, including eight duplicate varieties, that the products from seed giown in that latitude might be compared with the yield from seed of the April 12, 1890.] THE GAB DENE B S: C HBO NT CI. K 451 same kind grown further north. The experiment was divided into three sections as follows: — a. Seed cut into single-eye pieces, and planted 9 inches apait in the rows. b. Seed cut into two-eye pieces, and planted IS inches apart in the rows. c. Seed planted whole, 36 inches apart in the rows. The weather being favourable, all the varieties came up evenly. The field was cultivated four times during the summer, and the soil was drawn towards the haulms twice with a hand hoe. About July 20, during the hot wet weather that prevailed after the excessive rainfall of the month, Potato haulms blasted very generally throughout the State, and although many of the varieties in the experimental field were at that time in full blossom, they all succumbed to a common fate, the haulms dying and all growth ceasing before August 1. The results obtained may be summarised as follows : — Two-eye pieces, planted 18 inches apart, gave the best returns, the average yield by this method being more than 11 per cent, greater than with the single- eye pieces planted 9 inches apart, and nearly 28 per cent, greater than when whole Potatos were planted .36 inches apart. The average proportion of small Potatos was, however, this season, largest in the two-eye section, and slightly less in the one-eye section, than with the whole tubers. As a rule, the heaviest tubers grew from the whole seed. The total yield varied considerably with different varieties. The average yield of the entire list was 54;J bushels per acre. The five kinds giving the largest yield are, in the order of their productiveness, as follows: — Thorburn 1 mph ... I03J Early Puritan ... '.':' Ohm. Downing ... ' irly "I It is also a noticeable fact, that with the excep- tion of Webb's Early, the proportion affected by Potato disease of the above-named five varieties was much below the average, the lose being but 2 to 3 per cent., while some other varieties show a loss from of from 11 to 17 per cent, of the total yield. ./. •/. Will ACCLIMATISED LETTUCE SEED l\ IM'i \. In reading the account of M. de Vilmorin's lecture on " Plants for Salads," I was reminded of an inte- resting and successful experiment which I had made in India, in order to obtain good acclimatised Lettuce seed. Gardening in the plains of India labours under this difficulty. Vegetable seeds have to be imported either from Kuropeor America, because plants grown from Indian seed have a tendency to run to flower readily, and this tendency increases with every suc- cessive generation of Indian-grown seeds. Cos Lettuce, lor instance, the first year gives very line heads, but seeds kept from them next year produce plants that " bolt " before the head of the Lettuce is formed. The following experiment succeeded admirably. The head of Cos Lettuce from imported seed was cut off close to the ground and eaten ; only a few leaves were left on the stump. Side shoots from the axils of the remaining leaves soon appeared, and even- tually ran up, and flowered, and seeded. The seeds of these next year gave as good results as could be wished. So that by selecting plants that were well cabbaged at the top every year, and keeping seeds from their side shoots alone, a very satisfactory strain of Lettuce seed resulted. The heads required no tying, for the tops of the leaves overlapped each other, cabbage fashion, so that the inner ones were blanched, sweet and crisp. I found that Lettuce wanted rich loose soil, and plenty of watering. European vegetables can only be successfully grown in winter, in northern India, owing to the dry heat or damp heat in other parts of the year. Recently a great deal has been written by Weissmann and others on heredity. He holds that no acquired character is transmissible, and that only such characters as are congenital can be inherited by future generations. It appears that this Cos Lettuce is a fair example of an acquired peculiarity becoming transmitted to its future gene- rations. The imported seed from either congenital or acquired habits in Europe gives a slow-growing head the first year. But the influence of its surround- ings in India is too much for it. They impress upon its nature a different character, which, in the second generation, produces a quick-growing head, and goes readily to seed without giving time for the inner leaves of the head to blanch. This latter character acquired, from its climatic surroundings, accumulates every successive generation, until the seed becomes useless for salad purposes. Xow by cutting off the main stem, and allowing the side shoots to grow and seed, the original character of a slow-growing head is maintained in spite of the climatic surroundings. I think there is a great deal to be learnt by experi- ments of this sort, both in biology, and the art of gardening. E. B. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. ORCHIDS AT CASTLE HILL, ENXSLEFIELD GREEN. Ir is with pleasure that we note the great im- provements made in every department of the garden of G. C. Raphael, Esq., by Mr. W. Swan, whose prowess in the gardeners' art had for many years previously been recognised in the more northern counties. In connection with the Orchids is the name of Mr. Swan more generally known, but the condition of the different fruit and Bower departments prove that he in no way allows his favourites to over-ride other and equally im Ml' jPCtS. 1'halacnopsis and Angrsecums at Castle Hill are looking remarkably well in the house arranged for them, and in which the plain earth floor, which Mr. Swan considers highly conducive to the health of all East Indian thing", i- left without tiles. Still affording a further surface of earth, beds like those used for planting Cucumbers are planted with Fittonias. Pileas, and other dwarf foliage plants, and over these the plants are suspended; evil profuse flowering is seen on all the specimen", gome of tin P. Schilleriana having six or seven branches. A line form "I P. grandiflora, and some P. amabilis, and P. rosea, were also in bloom, and with stout spikes; the pretty white Angracum Sanderianum, A. Ellisii, and A. citratum. Among the Cypripediums, of which a fine collec- tion of large specimens exists, the nobly-formed C. Swanianumx, one of tl arliest and best of the garden hybrids, raised by Mr. Swan some years ago, stood out prominently, and on the m tage were C. Dominianum x , ('. Roezlii superbum, a Uni- form of the C. longifolium type; several large ('. villosum, C. barbatum Warnerii, a very strong C. bellatulum, with two flowers on each spike; C. Hookerte, C. Lawrenceanum, and most of the other species which tlower at this season. The Den, Indies were making a great display; some specimens of D. Findlayanum, about l' feet across, and bearing scores of blooms, being equal to, if not better than anything of the kind ever culti- vated ; Pendrobium Wardianum and I), crassinoile were also magnificently flowered, a plant of D. c. Barberianum having from thirty to forty flowers on each pseudobulb. Many specimens of D. nobile and one or two of D. n. nobilius were making n rich display ; and D. crepidatum, 1). capillipes, 1). densi- florum, P. chrysotoxum, I). Pierardi, and other old favourites, are well represented. The Odontoglossnms have chiefly the hybrid forms in flower ; one fine 0. Andersonianum had a six- branched spike, and O. Kuckerianum was equally fine. Some good forms of U. luteo-purpureum and O. cirrosum were in bloom, and 0. Hallii xantho- glossum and many 0. crispum and 0. Pescatorei. Suspended overhead were plants in bloom of Sophro- nitis grandiflora, Odontoglossum Cervantesii, and O. Rossii niajus, aud Masdevallias of the M. bella and M. chimsera section. The Cattleyas and Lrclias were observed in grand order, but with few at present in bloom ; some flowers, however, are on the plants of Cattleya citrina and Lrclia cinnabarina, whilst the specimens ot C. Lawrenceana and C. Mendelii were graudly budded. Other specially noteworthy plants in tlower were the rare Cymbidium albuciflorum with several spikes, some C. Lowianum, and C. eburneum, a few large Oncidium ampliatum majus, the curious O. phymatochilum, the pretty crimson Broughtonia sanguinea, Ai-rides Houlletianum, Calanthe vera- trifolia, and with the Orchids, a splendid strain of Anthurium Schertzerianum, and A. Andreanum. In the other plant-houses, among a fine general collection of plants, were a perfectly cultivated and profusely-budded batch of Gardenia, another of Eucharis amazonica. Some fragrant Daphne indica, a finely flowered batch of Lachenalia tricolor, many charmingly-coloured Azalea mollis, several scarlet Musa coccinea, a batch of Begonia nitida, another of Freesias, some specimens of golden Celsia, and most things likely to give flowers at this season. Indeed, Mr. Swan's aim is to have them all the year round. Ctpripedium Elliottiakum. We find that this plant enjoys a good shara of heat, and the East Indian-house is the best place in which to grow it. A liberal supply of water should he given when established, but care is required before it is established that no water is allowed to lie in the heart of the plant, as this is a great cause of decay. The plant is best cultivated in pots, and the silo t.ildes are most suited to its requirements, as in this position the plants are tolerably near the glass, which is essential, for it. enjoys sun and light, and requires shading only during the hottest part of the day in summer. For soil, use a mixture of fibrous peat and turfy loam, the greater portion of the line soil, however, being shaken away; to this add some sharp sand and medium-sized nodules of charcoal, to induce the plant to form strong and IS roots, and to produce healthy foliage. The soil should be elevated slightly above the pot's rim, in order to allow the water to pass away more readily, and also to allow the roots greater freedom. This species does not appear to propagate so readily as many of the kinds, but this may arise from the plants not having yet become thoroughly established, so that on this subject we are not in a position to offer an opinion. " Orchid, Album," t. 397. I '1 ! 1:11 u Bhvmerianum. This species is free growing if its wants are supplied, and these are very simple. We find small baskets or pans to suit it best, although we have seen it thriving well in pots. The soil should con- sist of good fibrous peat (from which all the fine particles have been shaken), and living sphagnum moss ; the drainage also must be maintained ex- ceptionally free, as the plant cannot abide anything sour about its roots in potting or basketing. The material should be built up into a cone-like mound above the level, and not too much soil should be used ; by this plan the roots of the plant can either penetrate the soil or ramble on the outer surface ; this latter, many plants appear to enjoy. Large baskets are not necessary, as this plant does not require much soil about its roots ; indeed, the less it has about them the better it appears to like it. The plant should be kept moist at the roots during the Beason of active growth, but when this is completed, all that is necessary is just sullicient water to keep the bulbs from shrivelling ; for the drying-off system should not be carried to extremes. This plant is a native of Burmah, consequently we find the warmest house most genial to it ; it should he suspended, say some 18 inches from the glass, and 452 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. very little shading given, even through the hottest part of the day in summer. A free circulation of air is essential, and the atmosphere should be well charged with moisture. " Orchid Album" t. 398. DlSA QRAMINIFOL1A is a lovely species, and its thin grass-like foliage from which its specific name is derived, renders it very distinct ; but the leaves are not developed with the flowers. The blossoms are of a charming azure- blue, with purple on the tip ; they are arranged in racemes, and continue in bloom for a considerable time. This is a somewhat difficult plant to estab- lish, and even when it becomes established, it requires great attention, in order to produce it in the perfec- tion in which it is here laid before our readers. We ourselves have not much experience in growing this plant, but we gather that it grows well in a well- drained pot, and the drainage should have some broken bones added, as we consider this answers the same purpose as mixing manure with the soil, and it has the advantage of always keeping sweet and clean. The soil should consist of about equal parts of loam, peat, and leaf-mould, to which may be added some rough sharp sand, and some moderate sized nodules of charcoal, which greatly assist in keeping open the soil, which should be made firm about its roots. During the growing season a liberal supply of water is requisite, but care should be exercised to see that it passes away quickly ; and in the winter, when at rest, the soil must be kept in a nice friable condition, but by no means allow it to become quite dry, for as Disas are found in a state of nature beside streams, on rocks, and in deep ravines, it becomes necessary to imitate the natural surroundings as near as possible. Slight shade is also necessary, for in their natural habitats they are surrounded with trees, which effectually break the sun's rays. This plant appears to have been introduced some sixty-five years ago ; but we are not aware that it was successfully established. It has long been a coveted plant by Orchid growers, and now that it is established in our collections, we hope it may long continue. It is a rare and charm- ing colour, and is most desirable in producing a distinct effect among other Orchids. " Orchid Album" t. 399. Foreign Correspondence. BERLIN LETTER. In my last letter (see p. 3(33), I said that horticulture could make much use of the results of the studies of botanists. I further mentioned that horticulture needed experimental stations. Botanical and physio- logical institutions, of course, have ether fields of study than an experimental station would have, if destined for practical purposes. The scientific man has to Btudy matters the knowledge of which would be of but little use to the practical man in most instances, although there are still a great many matters for study where that knowledge would be of the highest importance to the practical man ; as, for instance, why do seeds of Crataegus, Roses, &c, germinate in the first year if they are stratified, but in the second and third if they are kept dry during the winter ? How could these seeds be made to germinate all at once ? Then there is another question : Roses, Dahlias, Begonias, and many other groups of plants give only red or white, never blue flowers ; is it impossible to produce varieties with blue flowers, even if only by cultivation each year, as in Hydrangea? Or, what is the cause of fasciation ? Fasciated Cockscombs are of great horticultural value. Is it impossible to grow other fasciated plants, i.e., not to further develop fasciations which have arisen spontaneously, but to create artificial fasciations ? It would be a matter of much im- portance to find a way to produce double flowers artificially. These questions are examples of what would have to be answered in a horticultural experimental station. Agriculture has availed herself of the analyses of plants that have been made. Is it not curious that the sister art, horticulture, has not made more use of them ? True, analyses of garden plants have been made in great numbers, but horticulture has not generally noticed them. There is still another point to be remarked. The sums of money annually expended on seeds is enormous. In general the seeds, especially of the more common species, are of good quality. But there are sold every year seeds which are not worth the postage, and it would be part of the work of a station to test seeds with re- gard to their germinating power, purity (freedom from weeds), &c. A seed merchant would be able to announce that his seeds had been tested by the station. Lastly, I should like to hint at the part mentioned in Mr. Thiselton Dyer's communication " A Gardener's Problem," that plants reach under culture a perfection which much surpasses their growth in their natural position. As was truly observed by one correspondent, in Nature each plant has to fight against other plants, and it is, as far as possible, adapted to that position. For, if this were not so, it would succumb in the struggle. In cultivation it has not to fight, and finds such a surplus of nutriment that it would be wonderful if it did not deviate from the original form. A horticultural experimental station would investigate acclimatisation, and select plants suitable for vege- tables. If gardening is to make advances, it must go hand in hand with botany. Now the results of these experiments must be available to all gardeners, and the stations themselves, servants of gardening, must not be worked for the benefit of any one per- son, but for the progress of horticulture as a whole. The correct way of solving a question by experi- ment is either by excluding all factors but one, or only one. The factors concerning plant life aie light, heat, moisture, and food. To study the influence of light upon plants, all factors but light must be eliminated, or the light itself withheld in plant life; the latter is the only possible way, as the plant can- not possibly live by the aid of light alone. But it is also necessary to control the other factors, and to keep them in the same condition throughout the experiment. This is almost impossible in the open air. So for many experiments it is necessary that they be performed in closed rooms. Now light has a directing influence upon the growth of plants, inasmuch as that part of the plant which receives most light is of slower growth in length than the other parts. That is why plants are drawn to the windows when grown in rooms with side windows. A mirror placed behind a plant has a beneficial effect, but is rather troublesome sometimes; so a laboratory should have windows not too high. It would be best if a laboratory were built entirely of iron and glass for experiments relating to physical influences. It would be necessary sometimes to vary the moisture of air, and so it would be desirable to construct several compartments, in which this could be regulated. Another set of experiments would concern chemistry, and for these a chemical laboratory would be required in which analyses could be made. But the conditions under which plants are cultivated in gardens and nurseries must be considered. So a hot-house, a few frames, and a piece of land must be provided. There must also be an arrangement to permit the plant's exposure to the open air, but, at the same time, protect it from rain. Lastly, an ice- cellar would be useful for many purposes. The fol- lowing, then, is what is required : One structure of iron and glass, divided into several compartments, for physical experiments, a house containing, say four rooms, the chemical, the anatomical laboratory, the physiological laboratories of each one room ; and in connection with this a verandah, where the plants could from time to time be placed in the open air. Then a hot-house, a green-house, several frames, an ice-cellar, and about 2 acres of land, also accommodation for the staff. The Director must be a man educated theoretically as well as practically ; he must be well-informed as to what gardening means ; general botany, plant geography, and chemical and physical knowledge, he must possess — he it is who formulates the problems ; under him are an analytical chemist, a physiolo- gist ; also a gardener with good theoretical know- ledge, and an assistant, are necessary. As for a great many experiments observation during day and night are required, the whole staff should live at the Btation. The expenses of the sta- tion would by no means be low during the first year. A point of interest is, that I succeeded in obtaining dark blue Primula sinensis ; sulphur-yel- low Cineraria cruenta ; a pale blue Azalea indica, and Camellia japonica, also a yellowish Primula sinensis. I feel I am on the right way to secure blue Dahlias and blue Roses, not as varieties or sports, but purely by cultivation ! Udo Dammer. Trillii'm discolor atratum. Permit me to elucidate the history of this plant, and to assure my friend " R. D." that there is no wilful manufacturing of name about it. If any one could be called guilty in this case it would be my- self. The plant originally came from America to the Royal Botanic Garden, Berlin, and was labelled T. discolor, Wray. About 1873 it was received at Baden-Baden, and as at that time I was not the happy possessor of a complete set of the Botanical Magazine, I could not make a comparison, and culti- vated it under the above name. I remembered well the beautiful plant at Berlin, and it seemed to me that the plant which M. Boucho was so kind as to send me was in its leafage of a darker and of a more sombre tint than what I had seen there, and having made a comparison, I added the word atratum. Mr. Peter Veitch, when visiting my garden, ordered some plants, and so it came to England. There can be no doubt that it is T. sessile, L., but the plant is a very distinct and beautiful variety of what is figured perfectly in the Botanical Magazine, and it is known that the leaves of plants grown in the open air are much darker in colour, and the blotches are of a sombre grey colour. Whether it be called discolor atratum or sessile atratum, I maintain that the plant in question is very distinct, and fully merited an award being given to it ; and I am quite sure the just mind of Mr. D. would endorse this opinion, if I could have the honour of a visit, and show him a patch of this plant having leaves of more than 3 inches across. Max Leichtlin, Baden- Baden. DAFFODIL FARMING. Westward of Richmond Park, on the low ground sheltered by the wooded slopes of that charming resort, lies Ham Common, a good specimen of an English common, though not so far off from the great city as to be beyond the jurisdiction of the metropolitan police. The common and its surround- ings, and the adjacent village of Petersham, offer many temptations to dilate, but the inexorable limitations of space forbid us from doing more than allude to a farm, situate on the very edge of the common — a farm very unlike what we mostly understand by that name. It no longer pays to grow Wheat, and agri- cultural depression is a lamentable fact, the exist- ence of which no one now denies. All honour, therrfore, to the cultivator, who, recognising the nature of the situation, boldly turns his attention to other matters than corn-raising. The farmer, it is certain, must become more of a gardener than before ; he must not only practice garden methods, but he must take a lesson from the gardener, and learn how to grow a larger variety of crops, grow them well, and not remain dependent on the indifferent culti- vation of one, or on a few only. " A Daffodil farm ! What nonsense ! " " Who ever heard of such a thing ? " These would have been the exclamations ten or fifteen years ago, when all that was attempted in that way consisted of lines of the old double Daffodil, Telamonius plenus, between the Gooseberry bushes in the market gardens ; April 12, 1890.] THE GAEDEXEES' CHEOXICLE. 453 yet here is one of some 124 acres, mostly given up to Daffodils, and very pleasant is it to see the long rows of gay flowers, assorting in tint so well with the "grass." Seven rows and an alley, and then seven more rows, of the same or of some other variety — and for a distance of nearly a mile, these " breaks " stretch away to the right and to the left. Here and there fruit trees have been planted, intended to serve as wind-breaks, and, in due time, to furnish the markets with something to eat when the Daffodils have done their year's work, and are preparing for Mr. Walker's repute in the horticultural world. Time after time has he shown at the Royal Horti- cultural Society and elsewhere examples of excellent cultivation, and set up with good taste and judgment. When we see the enormous amount of material he has at his command, the way in which the land is farmed, and the plants cultivated, and the care taken in gathering and bunching the flowers for market, we no longer wonder how it is done. The land is mostly level, the soil a sandy loam, easily worked with a light plough, and the plants so FlG. 66a— CA9UABIHA IN JH, HAEBv'S QARDBK, MALTA, (sKE p. 448.) the next season's campaign. Apples on the Paradise Stock, Lane's Trince Albert, and Bismarck, being favourite sorts. Pears on the Quince and on the free Stock. Among these are more than a thousand young trees of Fertility, a Pear which comes in for market use when the Hessle is over. A few Plums, such as Princess of Wales, are also grown. The variety mentioned always sells well, and comes in before the Victoria, but somehow the variety does not do well. But the fruit trees at present are " great expec- tations " rather than accomplished facts, and it is the Daffodils we have come specially to see on this April morning. It is the Daffodil which has made far apart that the'soil may easily be stirred with' a light " Planet " hoe. As to manure, the soil is a hungry one, but among the many peculiarities of the Daffodi's that Mr. Walker tells of, is the difference between one form and another in the matter of manures. For some too much can hardly be given ; others of more delicate digestion can hardly take any without evil consequences. In like manner some varieties when cut will grow in water, others will not. Idiosyncrasies of this kind will, no doubt, be pointed out in Mr. Walker's paper at the approaching Daffodil Conference at Chiswick. It is not surprising to learn that some varieties are "good doers," whilst others have no claim to such a character ; this is only what we find in any group of plants. What is more unaccountable, and more apparently capricious, is the fancy of the public, especially of the lady part of the community, for particular shades of colour. Some of the many hybrids of the Leedsi section at present satisfy this fancy for variations in tint, but who is to tell what will take the fancy of the public next spring ? It would almost seem as if painters and decorators, costumiers, and milliners, must be taken into sweet counsel by the gardeners, so that the latter may be able to furnish what " will go well " with the constructions of the former. Again, some varieties, though very pretty, are of no use for market purposes ; they are not " free " enough, they are not good " croppers," as they say of Potatos ; their colours are not decided, they hang their heads instead of looking one boldly in the face, they are thin in texture, they are too small, or they come in at a season when there are plenty of others, perhaps of better quality for market purposes. All these circumstances have to be taken into considera- tion in addition to those unaccountable whims and caprices of fashion to which we have already alluded. The flowers intended for market are cut from the open field when the buds are about half expanded ; they are placed in water in a Cucumber-house or similar-heated structure, where they expand, unhurt by the casualties that may befall flowers that expand in the open air. From hence they are conveyed to a roomy, paved, well-lighted shed, where they are " bunched " by women, packed in boxes, and sent off o/er night for the early morning market. A peep into the houses, crammed with expanding flowers, or into the shed where they are being sorted and packed, affords one of the most remarkable sights that can be imagined. When the door of the shed is opened, there issues a perfume as of Araby the blest, whilst the floor and benches resemble one large mosaic of brightly coloured flowers— Daffodils of all shades, from pale lemon to deep orange; white Narcissi (ornatus), and deep red Van Thol Tulips. How bright and fresh they look now by contrast with their appearance in the florists' shops, and still more with their aspect when thrust into one's face by the slatternly flower-girl seeking to tempt us by her importunate cry, " penny a bunch ! " The Daffodil season after all is a short one, so that Mr. Walker has other strings to his bow in the shape of Tulips of all sorts, Lilies of the Valley, Wall- flowers, Pivonies, Doronicums, Irises, Day Lilies, Christmas Hoses, and many other hardy flowers, the disposal of which at the market may be relied on. In addition to these seemingly endless "breaks "of hardy flowers, culture under glass is also attended to. Tomatos have been grown, and are so still to some extent, the plants being grown in the borders in light Bpan-roofed houses. "Conference" is well spoken of, though it is not to be depended on out-of- doors, but Tomatos are doomed to be supplanted by Peaches, for whose accommodation no fewer than eight light span-roofed houses have been erected, each 180 feet long by 21 wide, and 14 feet in height. The trees are grown in pots, and treated to scrapings of chamois leather by way of manure. For early work,r Alexander, Dr. Hogg, and Hale's Early, are depended on. Then come in a second house Grosse Mignonne, Koyal George, and Hiver's Early York. These are succeeded by such sorts as Lord Napier, Nectarine Peach, Gladstone, Princess of Wales, and Sea Eagle. As an illustration of the minute points which are forced upon the grower's attention, it may be said that for market purposes, Sea Eagle is objected to, by reason of the little nipple-like process with which it, like some others, is provided. The reason is that this little projection is apt to get bruised and injured in packing or handling, and so the value of the fruit is deteriorated. It is thus obvious that while Mr. Walker's estab- lishment is not what is called a " show place," and indeed it is not desired that it should be, it is one where the professional visitor will be welcomed, and where he will find much to interest and even astonish him. 454 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [Aphil 12, 1890. ENVILLE. This demesne, called originally Evenfield, shortened to Enfield, and changed to Enviile about the beginning of the eighteenth century, was one of the manors bestowed by the Conqueror on William Eitzansculph ; and in the twentieth year of the reign of William I„ it was held by one Gilbert. The heirs of this Gilbert seem to have assumed the surname of Evenfield, for in the time of Henry III. and Edward I., Richard de Evenfield was possessed of the manor. The family of Evenfield held Enviile till the reign of Henry VI., when it was sold to the family oi Lowe, of Whitting- ton. Humphrey Lowe was sheriff of this county, 19th of Henry VI., and was returned among " the prime gentry of the county of Stafford." The prin- cipal residence was then at Whittington. The daughter and heiress of Humphrey Lowe, Eleanor, married Robert Grey, third son of Reginald, Lord Grey of Ruthin, and thus the manor of Enviile passed into the family of Grey. Thomas Grey (who died 2nd of Elizabeth, and whose tomb is in Enviile Church), built a house at Enviile, and in Plots, Staffordshire, there is a view of the soutli front of this old house, dedicated to Harrj Grey, Esq., with his arms and quarterings. The above-mentioned plate in Plot shows the style of architecture of Henry VIII. 's time, having two lofty turrets at the entrance, and rich gabled ends, with ornamental chimneys on each side. In this state Enviile con- tinued till 1739, when Harry Grey, fourth Earl of Stamford, having purchased several estates so as to make the whole hill above the house and town his own property, and having married Mary, the only daughter and sole heiress of George Booth, last Earl of Warrington, by whom he had an immense fortune, laid out many thousand pounds in making the place beautiful! Dr. Wilkes says, "This he has done with as much 'art, and in so elegant a manner, that few places in England can rival, and none of the same compass of ground exceed it." The hall built by this Earl, with additions and alterations, is the one still standing. The poet Shenstone was a great friend of Harry, fourth Earl of Stamford, and laid out the woods and grounds at Enviile. The church at Enviile, dedicated to St. Mary, is an ancient structure, erected at different periods, and exhibiting various styles of architecture. The north aisle was founded by the Lutteleys in 1333. Philip de Lutteley, a parliament man and escheator to Edward III., had the king's licence to found a chantry in the parish church of Enfield to the honour of God and St. Mary, and for a priest to say mass every day at the altar of Our Lady there. In 1270, Philip de Lutteley gave lands to the said Chantry for the priest to pray at the altar of St. Mary, for the health of his soul and Maud his wife, and of Sir Tulke de Birmingham, and of other benefactors recited in the deed. The church contains many interesting monuments. In the north side of the chancel is a stone coffin, with the recumbent figure of a priest sculptured on the lid. During the restoration this coffin was opened, and the skeleton of the occupant was found intact. There were faint traces of the robes, and the cup and paten lying by the right hand. The soles of the shoes, kept in their places by the bones of the feet, were in a perfect state of preservation. No inscription or date was found , but tradition says he was the founder of the more modern portion of the church, viz., the south aisle and chancel. There is also an alabaster altar tomb adorned with elaborate workmanship ; the figures are of a knight and his lady. The knight is in armour, his head resting on his helmet, and at his feet a lion ; the lady is in the dress of the period, and towards her feet is a small dog catching hold of the folds of her robe. This is the inscription :— • Here lyeth the bodyes of Thomas Grey, of Enveld, esq., and Anne, his wyfe, doughter to Sir Raffe Verney, of Pendley, w'h in y« countie of Bucks, Knight, y" whyche Thomas died ye last day of December in y" yere of Oure Lorde, 1559, and y sayd Anne, died ye day of . . . in y yere of Oure Lorde . . . upon whose sowles God have mercy. Amen." There are other monuments and monumental tablets to Henry Grey, grandson to Henry Lord Grey, of Groby, 1686 ; Harry Grey, Earl of Stam- ford, 1763; Lady Dorothy Grey, founder of the Girls' Cliarity School, 1781. The registers date from 1627, and contain many interesting entries, among them that of the marriage of the poet Shen- stone's brother. During the years 1872-3-4 the church was thoroughly restored and beautified under the superintendence of the late Sir Gilbert Scott, and mainly at the expense of the late Earl of Stam- ford. It is now one of the finest country churches jn the district. The grounds at Enviile are very extensive, and of a most charming character. A notable feature are the specimen Conifers 30 to 40 feet high, and also the fine specimens of Copper Beeches, whose branches spreading out, rest upon the turf; the pools and fountains should be mentioned. Every turn of the path opens fresh views to the pedestrian, and which have a beauty peculiarly their own. Through the kindness of Lady Stamford, the grounds are opened to the public two days in a week during the summer months, and thousands of persons visit the place each year. The conservatory is a noble structure, built by Messrs. Gray and Ormson, about thirty years ago. It is now in capital condition, and is kept gay at all seasons; it is ISO feet long by 90 feet wide, the centre beds are planted with Camellias, which are of large size, and very robust, and flower well every year. There are also numbers of standard Bay trees, a Chama:rops excelsa, 18 feet high ; some grand Dicksonias antarctica with stout stems and fine fronds. In recesses at the sides are large specimens of Azalea indica, mostly A. i. alba. These plants are of pyramidal form, and measure 8 feet in height by G feet in diameter, full of growth, well set for flower, and promise in their season to make again a fine display. Large plants of Acacia affinis, a very useful species for cutting purposes is found ; a number of plants of Coprosma Baueriana variegata, 4 feet high, and bushy withal, were placed among the other plants, enlivening the whole considerably. Passing into the walled-in garden, where the greater portion of the glass is situated, attention is arrested by a Peach case of 365 feet in length, and in four divisions ; three being devoted to Peaches ami Nectarines, and one to Cherries. These trees produced splendid crops last season, and are full of promise for the present year. One of the Cherry trees measured 13 yards across. Capital Muscat Vines and Lady Downes' are found in the vineries, whose age is sixty years ; the colour and finish of the fruit is always excellent. Pines, a specialty at Enviile, and a number of houses were tilled with them. In the various houses is to be found some of the finest plants of Eucharis amazonica in the kingdom. These plants are always kept growing; they are carefully shaded during the bright days of summer, frequently syringed overhead, and very seldom shaken out of their pots. This treatment results in great vigour, in freedom from insect, and in quantities of flower-spikes a,t nearly all times of the year. In the stove were observed many fine specimens of the ordinary class of plants; clean-grown Crotons, Draccnas, and other fine foliage plants employed in house decora- tion. Some beautiful baskets, 4 feet in diameter, filled with Adiantum cuneatum, whose fronds spread out all round ; A. gracillimum, A. Farleyense, and others, were very large and full of fronds. Here, too, were noticed Platycerium alcicorne, an inmense mass ; and one of P. grande, originally placed in a shallow pan, which had grown so much that it encom- passed the whole of the pan, and the barren fronds measured 5 feet across. The fruiting frond of this plant, so distinct from the former, was 3 feet 6 inches in length. A plant of An- thurium Schertzerianum was 5 feet over. A number of fine Bouvardias were in flower ; and a quantity of Clivias were noted, which have a house to them- selves. A span-roof house is set apart for small flowering plants in season. Several houses are devoted to Orchids, and contain a number of the Manley Hall plants, which have now grown to large size. Many Vanda tricolor and V. suavis are from 3 to 5 feet high, and full of vigour and roots ; V. Batemanii was in flowering, with a spike 5 feet long ; V. gigantea, with twenty- four leaves. The Atrides are good; masses of Ccologyne cristata, very large ; Dendrobium nobile is still one of the most useful Dendrobes ; Cypripedium caudatum, Maxillaria venusta, Cattleyas, Odonto- glossums, &c, were in good health, and some of them in flower. Poinsettias are largely grown, as are also Carnations— the pure white Queen, Nimrod, Miss Joliffe, Souvenir de la Malmaison, &c, being prin- cipally grown. Veltheimia in pots is found of great use. There are many other glass structures which space forbids me to mention. Two walls of 170 yards in length and about 4 in height are covered with Pear trees, which are carefully looked after and well trained, and, doubtless, when in fruit are very attractive. Bedding out is not carried on to the extent it was formerly, when Enviile was far above most other gardens. My notes would be incomplete without mention of the kindness and courtesy of Mr. Green, who conducted me over the greater part of the gardens and grounds. W. S. Plants and Their Culture, The Gkeenhouse.— Plants of Azalea indica which have been forced should be encouraged to make a free growth and an early set of flower-buds. Weak guano water is of great assistance to old plants of Azaleas not often shifted, and Clay's Fertiliser is a good one for the purpose. Small plants whose bloom is over, and which re- quire to be repotted, should without delay be taken in hand, using plenty of clean crocks in the drainage and not overpotting them. Plants now coming into bloom will last longer if they are shaded from hot sunshine, and late bloomers should be placed in a house facing north so as to retard them. Camellias should be encouraged to grow freely, and if inter- mediate-house temperature can be afforded them and plenty of moisture, growth will be rapid. If planted out, frequent syringing of the plants should be carried out, and shutting up the house earlv in the afternoon. Hybrid Rhododendrons will now be making new growth. We grow ours in an intermediate house, and keep them well syringed from the bottom upwards, and not as is usually done ; by so doing new growth is emitted freely by the old wood. Red spider and thrips sometimes infest them but in a moist house these insects do not give much' trouble. Rather small pots are best for these Rhododendrons. Hybrid Calceolarias now throwing up their flower trusses, should get a few sticks to support them, and frequent supplies of water aud weak liquid manure should be afforded the plants. If green fly be pre- sent at all, fumigate the house in a mild way several nights in succession before flowers appear on the plants. Plants to bloom late should have a repotting (the last), and a place near the light, so that growth may be stui dy. Zonal Pelargoniums to flower late, will require to be shifted into larger pots and grown in a light position. Old stock plants cut back, shake out aud repot in a good compost, or tht lr season of growth will be a short one. A good compost for these plants will consist of loam, and small quantities of decayed cow manure, and leaf mould. Fuschias should be stopped at the points, and young stock shifted into larger pots. The early plants may soon be supplied with weak liquid manure— that is, as soon as they fill their pots with roots ; cuttings taken now will make useful plants for autumn flowering. Another sowing may be made of Torenias, the plants raised being grown in a warm pit. Nicotiana affinis, Balsam, Rhodanthe, Celosia pyramidalis, Cockscomb, Primula sinensis, and a pinch of Cineraria seed, if these last named plants be required at a very early date. Musk, Stimulus, and Intermediate Stocks should not suffer for want of moisture at the root. Named varieties of Cinerarias from which cuttings April 12, 1890.1 THE GA B DEXEB S' CHB OSICL E. 455 are desired, may be put into a cold frame not exposed to much sun, the cuttings being taken oft" when 2 inches high. Liliums, as the top growth increases, should be afforded a top-dressing of decayed manure and loam, and when potting the bulbs it is best to leave space for this. Bulbs late-potted, should have the plunging material removed before stem-growth is far advanced ; this succession will require less water than the earlier one. Seeds of Campanulas for pot culture mav be sown, and the pans kept in a temperature of 60°, removing the seedlings when visible to a frame. Seedlings of last year may be Bhifted into larger pots ; these plants are of great use in large houses. C. calycanthum and C. pyra- midalis are best for pot culture, and they are best when grown in loam in which a small quantity of decayed manure and old mortar are put, and made very firm. Geo. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. East Indian House. — The treatment of the spring flowering variety of Angra?cum segquipedale should be in all respects the same as that of the typical plant. It has been doubted if there are two distinct blooming seasons for this plant ; to which I say yes, undoubtedly ! The plants revel in heat and mois- ture ; but air, and atmospheric moisture must also receive due attention. Epidendrum Stamfordianum is a pretty species, seldom seen. When the plant is a strong one, it makes a large spike of brightly coloured flowers, which have the odour of ripe Oranges ; it does well in baskets, near to the roof. E. dichromum is another pretty Orchid that is rarely found in good condition, it being usually placed in a house that is too cool for it. The plant requires great heat, but thrips are partial to it, and a constant watch should be kept for them. A little tobacco 9moke given twice a week checks the thrips, doing this when the foliage is quite dry, and the roots moderately dry. It is not at all necessary that the house should be filled to suffocation. If done as I have suggested in previous |Calendars, it acts as a preventive; but where thrips abound, dipping and sponging in tobacco-water and soft-soap must he adopted, until the infested plants are thoroughly cleansed. The temperature may DOW be 70° at night, with a rise of 15° by sunlight, with air on. Cool House. — Odontoglossum pulrhellum majus will now be going out of bloom, and if the plants were not repotted in September last, that should be done now. Give Disa gran liflora and I), racemosa manure-water, as recomroe.ded for Miltonia vexil- laria. Very little water will need to be applied to any plant in this house with the water-can, the syringe, if freely applied, doing nearly all that is Temperature, .Ml' at night, with a rise of 10° by day. A. G. Calt, Park-field, Worcester. Fruits Under Glass. Orchard Houses. — Where a mixed collection of fruit trees in pots is grown there is the risk of a failure of the crop by neglect of root watering at the right time, and besides, a collection of mixed kinds sometimes leads to various kinds of compromises at this season of the year which result in poor crops ; nevertheless under good management very fine Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries, Figs, Peaches, and Nectarines may be produced in Orchard-houses, the first three often excelling open air fruits, and especi- ally is this true when the trees are grown on Doucin, Quince, or Mussel stocks, and well supplied through- out the growing season with manure water of some kind. Although Orchard-houses may be a necessity in cold and exposed districts, the handsome looking fruits produced in them are not equal in flavour to those grown in the open in favourable districts; Apples. Pears, Plums, and Cherries, must at all times of night and day (sharp frosts or keen windy weather excepted) have free ventilation, and the trees should be arranged together at the cool end of the house. A little warmth should be maintained in the pipes so as to create a buoyant atmosphere in the house. Kunaway shoots must be pinched to four or six leaves, and thin sprays removed. Wutch for the firf P. Sanderiana grows— leaves green, an. I dark rose-coloured — and no other form is to be found on the island. Their area of distribution may be said to lie between the sea-level up to an eleva- tion of 800 feet, which corresponds exactly with tho limits of Bamboos in these latitudes— the beginning of the Kern region. Crossing the channel to the [aland of Mindanao, the second in extent of the Philippines, along the coast from the south point, Sarangani to the west, as far as the volcano of Pollok, a white-flowered Phalamopsis grows, with silver-grey markings on the leaves, similar to those ol I'. Si-hilleriana, hut not yet described as a distinct species, although often sent home amongst plants of P. Sanderiana. It is most likely that from Inn' came the variety described as P. Schilleriana all. a. Turning east to the Bahia de Davao, from Saran- gani to the River Hijo, from the very sea-shore up to the slopes of the volcano Apo, came all the Phalffi- nopsis sent home as I'. Sanderiana. It is on this particular spot that so many varieties have been found having variation in the colour of their flowers and the markings of the leaves — the result, un- doubtedly, of intercrossing between three different species, viz., P. amabilis, P. Sanderiana, and the white-flowered silver-grey-leaved species. In no other part of the Islands are so many- species formed in such near proximity as there. Although P. amabilis and P. Schilleriana are to be found growing in close proximity to each other in the island of Luzon, yet they do not seem to intercross with such facility as the above-mentioned species undoubtedly do. On the north coast of Mindanao, from the south-west point of Zamboanga up to the River Agusan.but not crossing that river, P. amabilis grows in great abundance, and amongst them in the Bahia de Iligan a singular variety of P. amabilis, with flowers more richly marked with yellow, and the plants are generally found growing in clumps together. The same island is also the home of P. Stuartiana, and we may give the valleys around the lagoon of Meinit as their favourite haunt. This lagoon lies at the north-east point of Mindanao at an elevation of a few hundred feet above sea-level, having its source in the very centre of a crater. P. S uartiana is also to be found in great profusion in the very humid valley of the River Agusan, far into the interior of Mindanao until reaching the rivers flowing south, where some strayed P. Sanderiana may be found ; hence natural mules between them have already appeared. So far Mindanao, which in extent is the second of the Archipelago, is the richest in species, but a great part of the island is not searched yet, and there can be no doubt that some new species may yet appear. P. amabilis grows all over the Philippine Islands, indeed very few are entirely destitute of them, yet its cradle maybe traced to the central part of Luzon, which is the greatest of the 100 Islands, and lies 300 miles north of Mindanao. The central part of Luzon, on the Pacific coast, and few adjacent islands, are the only places where 1'. Schilleriana is to be found growing, and where it occupies amongst its congeners the smallest area, and distant from the home of P. Sanderiana about 350 miles. The latter is considered to be a natural cross between P. ama- bilis and P. Schilleriana, which it may he botanically ; but it seems to be too far off from at least one of its supposed parents for this to be likely. The several groups of volcanic islands connecting the Philippine Islands with Borneo, although included in the Archi- pelago, yet judged by their flora and fauna more belong to Borneo; hut here is found the link con- necting the Phalssnopsis of Borneo with those of Java. In the Tawi-Tawi group a form of P. ama- bilis grows, ami in tin- [aland of Palawan, P.grandiflora is found. From these islands a straight line down to .lava may be traced, around which the different forms of P. grandiflora are growing. ft Eoebelen, Singapore. Vegetables. STANDARD BEARED CELERY. I was glad to see this recently-introduced variety of red Celery shown in fine condition at the late Vegi table Conference. The habit is sturdy, growth large, the stalks solid and of fine flavour. It will |o ... • i .. I-' o:,e ol 1 In- >"■■ I < VI, -l n -.-. yet sent nut. It, is valuable because it will remain in good condition until late in the season ; and at the present date i April l), we have some of it that is very good. Standard Bearer was shown in good condition at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, March 25, and the Fruit Committee considered it to be a valuable late-keeping variety. Those who may Celery late in the season should certainly givi it a trial. It is equally good for early use, as the Committee, at the Chiswick Conference, awarded it a certificate of merit. Much of its red or pink colour disappears by keeping it through the winter, and it is blanched very easily. It is dwarfer than most of the large red Celeries, an advantage of some moment, as less earthing-up is required ; seed may be sown now, and again at the end of the month. I would also advise sowing the seeds very thinly for the last sowing, and in a cold frame, and planting out the seedlings in the trenches without first pricking them off. Thus treated there is no crowding in the seed-bed, growth is sturdy, and progress is rapid. I have had no experience with this variety on heavy soils, and am writing in its favour from having grown it on a light soil ; but I have no reason to doubt its excellence in any other, as it has proved itself the best Celery for general purposes we have yet grown, and remarkable for hardiness. G. Wythet, Syon Howe. 460 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. Fruit Register. STRAWBERRY EDWARD LEFORT. A variety figured in the Sevue Horticole for February (3, and having globose fruit, with a long thick stalk or neck ; the colour is rich crimson, the pips deeply imbedded. The highest character is given to the variety as a cropper, for flavour, and as a market fruit bearing carriage well. It seems to have carried off special prizes wherever shown. It is a seedling from a variety cailed General Chanzy, Our contemporary does not say where this highly praised novelty is to be obtained. Pear Leoeh. A novelty with fruit of middling size, irregular form, and when ripe it is still green. F'lesh yellowish- white, watery, without sweetness or aroma. The tree is enormously fruitful. QOETIEB BuERIili. A new variety, which possesses every property of a good Pear for extended cultivation, or small gardens. The fruit is of medium size, light green with a light tinge of red on the sunuy side whilst on the tree, and when ripe it is yellow. The flesh is firm when ripe, of very pleasant flavour, and with fine aroma. Trees grow well on the wilding stock, and bear well. Ripe, October and November. Pear Mansdette de Bougnies. An old but still unknown variety, with numerous synonyms and certainly ot Belgian origin. Hand- some, regular form, flesh juicy, aromatic, somewhat acid and half melting. The rind almost wholly of a fine red colour. Ripj in September. The tree is a strong grower, and well suited for general cultivation. Bulletin d'Arborieultu >-c. STICKING PEAS. If a race of Peas could be produced which required no stakes to keep them erect, what a boon it would be to gardening. Here we have one of our most popular as well as useful of garden vegetables, presenting more trouble in its culture than almost any other. It is not that labour in staking Peas is grudged, that is a comparatively small matter, although with many, one of some concern. The difficulty lies rather in the getting Pea sticks at a fair price ; with many, indeed, it is getting them at all. The gardener whose lines are east in wood- land districts, has, so far as l'ea sticks are con- cerned, comparatively no trouble about them as compared with his urban or suburban brother, whose sticks, if he can get any to buy, cost nearly as much as the crop of Peas is worth when gathered ; because for Peas we must have sun rays, its power of endurance is limited, and rarely are sticks of much service the second year. Thus it happens that if we will have our peas staked where sticks are dear and scarce, we must pay for the luxury. No wonder that myriads of town dwellers who have fair sized gardens prefer to buy their Green Peas to growing them, and that is bad for both the seedsman and the consumer, because if he grows good sorts he could have even from his own garden Green Peas on his own table, of the highest quality, whereas buying in the market he must take what he can get. In some cases birds present considerable difficulties to the cultivation of Peas. But, on the whole, they are more troublesome in woodland districts than elsewhere ; and, all the same, Peas are widely grown there. It is possible to ward off the attacks of birds, because their damage is chiefly confined to eating the tops just as they come through the ground, or until strong growth has followed. Threads of wool or worsted, strained along the rows, will do much to keep away the depre- dators ; but wire Pea-guards, enduring for many years, are on the whole best and cheapest. The use of a gun, when the Peas are in pod, although charged with powder only, will have good results in keeping the birds away. But it is easier to ward off depre- dators than to provide the Peas with the needful support, and the problem to be solved is, what con- stitutes the cheapest and best substitutes for sticks. Perhaps the best on the whole would be found in stout squares or sections of flat wire trellis, made in heights of 4, 5, and 6 feet, and in 0 feet lengths. The mesh should be rather diamond- shaped than square, as the wires running obliquely would enable the Pea bud to secure a better grip of the trellis, than if the pattern be square. The mesh should be about 6 inches in height and 5 inches across, so as to afford full liberty to the hands in gathering ; wire sections of this kind could be fixed more rapidly thau ordinary Pea sticks can be, apart from the earlier labour in m m mm I / :'- i-i \\ r ^T.Y\i>. pointing them, as it would be needful to drive in stout stakes at (5 feet intervals, and tie the sections of wire to them with stout string. When not re- quired, fifty or 100 such sections could be stowed away in a shed or loft, occupying little space, and giving little trouble. With ordinary care, such wire supports should endure for twenty years, at least, during which time they would save their first cost, as compared with the cost of sticks, twice over. A temporary and cheap method of supporting Peas would be found in large mesh nets of varying heights and lengths, tied to stakes as for the wire sections. Still it is doubtful whether if ever so well cared- forthe netting would endure for more than two years, and would make a flabbly sort of support at the best. For dwarf Peas we might manufacture cheaply rough forms of trellis from thin wood for frames, and plasterers' laths for the intersecting mesh. If string be employed to sustain the Peas, being run at intervals of some 9 inches apart from stake to stake along the rows, it will be of no service probably after one season's exposure. We might use soft iron wire for the purpose, having small holes in the stakes, or staples driven into them at intervals to pass it through ; both stakes and wire would endure probably some three or four years if carefully stored during the intervening winters. Stout dwarf Peas, having rigid erect stems, are not at all difficult to sustain erect when cropping, but those who provide support of any kind, seem to think it will only pay when applied to tall growers, and when Peas reach 0 feet in height, they are in wet and windy weather very difficult to keep upright, especially when laden with pods. No doubt, for that purpose, nothing, not even good hazel sticks, will or would be so advantageous as the stout wire sections, t> feet square, advised for tall Peas. In some parts of the kingdom where it is the detestable fashion to trim up the Elm tree stems to a mere mop-head, excellent branches for making Pea sticks may be obtained, about every six years. That is, of course, but an intermittent supply, and does not replace the considerable clearance of Hazel-wood which seems to be going on. Even where Hazel is plentiful and Pea sticks may be purchased cheaply they constitute such cumbrous material that cost of transit, proportioned to the actual value of the sticks, is abnormally great. It is about time that raisers of new Peas put on oneside all varieties which exceed i feet in height, and give us ordinary kinds of exceptional stoutness. Also that wire makers favoured gardeners of Peas with cheap, satisfactory, and enduring supports. A. D. Useful Inventions. Tue accompanying illustration (fig. 70) repre- sents a new introduction of Messrs. Toope & Co., Stepney High Street, London. The article is suffi- ciently explained by a reference to the figure, which shows a snail turning away with disappointment when he finds there is water to be crossed. The top part of the pot is made of perforated zinc, and fastened in a watertight metal dish. The pot, or plant, is placed in the top part, as shown, and the dish is filled with water, so that slugs, &c, would have to swim to get a footing, to enable them to i each the plant. The dish also acts as an evapo- rating-pan. Cultural Memoranda. FCNKIA GRANDIFLORA. The bold, sub-cordate leaves and spikes of pure white fragrant flowers, thrown well above the rich green, Eucharis-like foliage, entitles this Japanese Liliaceous plant to be extensively grown in borders and pots. It is a good plant for standing in vases in rooms, entrance halls, and for decorative purposes generally. The plant will reward generous treatment, and plants potted up now in sandy loam and leaf- mould, or as soon as they have made a little growth, in 4.V-inch and 6- inch pots, and stood on a bed of coal-ashes, in a low pit or frame, and kept close for a few days, make nice flowering plants by the autumn. The Funkia, of which there are several varieties, loses its leaves in winter, during which period the pots may be stood in a cool-house, or pit, or plunged to the rims in coal-ashes, out-of- doors, where water is not likely to lodge. H, W. Ward. Lemon- scented Verbena. Cuttings a couple of inches long, taken off the tops of young shoots of this shrub, and inserted round the side of small well-drained flower-pots, filled with sandy soil, watered, and placed anywhere in heat, will soon take rojt, when Ihey may be potted off singly in the sain • size pots, and being afterwards attended to in the way of giving water at the roots, pinching the shoots, and syringing over- April 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 461 head, nice bushy little plants may be obtained by the antumn for furnishing purposes, and for cutting from. H. W. W. The Bulb Garden. NARCISSUS SIR WATKIX. In a recent issue Mr. AVoIley Dod gave an interest- ing account of this handsome form, and in the course of which he says that only one bulb had been known to vary from among the original stock, and this was regarded as a sport. My own experience does not quite agree with this, for frequently I find many flowers with the perianth segments of quite a pale sulphur colour, while the majority have segments of the dull tint of yellow seen in many of the Trumpet Daffodils. I send three blooms of each shade of colour, showing that it is not merely a chance flower, and it will be observed that the colour pene- trates right through the segments, and is quite dis- tinct, whether viewed in front or at the back. Neither is this variation of colour a matter of age in the flowers, for I put three blooms of each kind in water on March 25, and these retained their colour as when cut. The difference appears to be that the light-coloured flowers have their segments nearly, or quite, identical with N. incompaiabilis Stella, while the dark ones have segments identical with those of Golden Spur in colour ; I have, how- ever, never seen the slightest variation in the colour of the cup, which appears to mark the one Mr. Dod refers to. .7. [The blooms weie coloured in the manner our correspondent describes. Ed.] In speaking of this fine and stately incom- parable Narcissus, Mr. Brockbank, at p. 396, tries once again to match it with the engraving on plate 41, fig. 1, of Hale's, or Hill's, Eden H757, &c.) Personally I do not think that that figure was ever made from the variety we call Sir Watkin to-day. This, however, matters but little ; still I am anxious that Mr. Brockbank should not, in error, suppose that Hale's, or Hill's, figure is in any sens.' a faithful ami original one. The fact is, the figure alluded to in Hill's Eden is a reversed copy of a figure in iridui, published by Crispian I'asse, junr., at Utrecht, in 1814—17. At plate 4 it is therein named " Narcissus omnium maximus," or " Nar- cissus Nonpareille." I believe I am right in saying that Eden, or « Compkai Body of Gardening, was one of the works of the late Sir John Hill, a noted literary pirate and charlatan of his day. That he pirated many of Passe 's original engravings is past all doubt, and he was accused of plagiarising Miller's Gardeners' Dictionary, and of many other little bits of smart practice. He quarrelled with David Gar- rick, and the Royal Society of his day, which had refused to elect him, and seems to have been gene- rally unreliable. F. W. Burhidge. Home Correspondence. THE GARDENERS' ORPHAN FUND.— The com- paratively assured success of the Wildsmith Memo- rial Fund, a matter for warm congratulation, removes from the list of expectant recipients of the ordinary fund one orphan at least, and leaves the field open more fully to those who shall be nominated for election next July. Of these there is one child whose election is being promoted by that eminent and esteemed gardener. Mr. Rust, of Fridge Uastle Gardens, which seems to have for various reasons a strong claim upon the sympathy of subscribers. Of course the claims of the child in question, an abso- lute orphan, having neither parent alive, will be fully set forth with those of other candidates at the next election, by the. committee ; but there is one special reason for sympathy in this case— one which, because somewhat sentimental, cannot be properly adverted to on the nomination paper. It is that the orphan in question is the child of an Irish gardener, and • Mr. Rust makes natural as well as earnest appeal that the case should receive support on the special ground that it is the first application for the benefit of the Fund from Ireland, and that the subscribers would show impartiality as to nationality as well as kindly sympathy in supporting the claim by their votes. Of course every candidate has a circle of friends anxious to secure the election of their favoured orphan. Still cases differ appreciably, and this particular one is sad enough. Apart from that, I would earnestly join with Mr. Rust in urging sub- scribers to show that they are above all prejudice, and are willing to manifest by their votes their breadth of sympathy, which is not limited to England, but extends to all parts of the United Kingdom. I have been looking over the published list of sub- scribers and givers of donations for the preceding year, and find a total of 1750. Out of these it is worthy of note that but 44 are from Scotland, 40 from Ireland, and 32 from Wales— in all llti ; an infini- tesimal number compared with the total, and an unsatisfactory proportion. The question is, does not this comparative paucity of subscribers from the sister kingdoms arise from lack of confidence in the management of the Orphan F'und, so far as securing the benefits for orphans is concerned. That is the point to which I would draw attention, because it is obvious, if such is the case, English subscribers will do much to help remove that impression if they secure the election of Mr. Rust's Irish protigtc. It would be indeed a misfortune were Scotch, Irish, and Welsh gardeners or horticulturists led to believe that their efforts to secure the election on to the I I II, FlillX CI1ATTI. (mi i . II-, < Orphan Fund of some suitable candidate would be in all cases swamped by tin' enormous proportion of English votes. Gardeners in Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, though excellent men, are not so numerous relatively, nor have they such good wages generally as English gardeners ; hence, whilst the comparative fewness of subscribers from these countries is to be deplored, it is to some extent explained. Still, it, does seem as if, were greater i Dnfidence in the impartiality of the English sub- scriber inspired, a much larger numb.er of subscribers from the sister kingdoms would result. Neither Ireland or Scotland have a vice-president represen- tative, but Wales has Sir J. T. I). Llewellyn. Still, there is not a single representative from either of the allied kingdoms on the executive committee ; but it can easily be understood that such representative, if elected, could rarely attend. Scotland and Ireland each have four local secretaries, who are honorary members of the committee ; and Wales has two. Still, it does seem as if direct members of the execu- tive, such as Mr. Dunn, for Scotland ; Mr. Brad- shaw or Mr. Dumper, for Ireland; and Mr. Muir or Mr. Pettigrew, for Wales, were appointed, good would result, and a strong sense of confidence created. It is worthy of note that so far every child on the Fund now is from some English district. A, Dean. SHRUBBY CALCEOLARIAS— These plants should be removed from the cutting-frames before becoming drawn, and planted out in a well-sheltered aspect. It is a good plan to plant them in shallow trenches, with a layer of short dung at the bottom, this being covered with 0 inches of moderately light loamy soil. By this mode of treatment the plants at plant- ing-out time are furnished with a compact mass of roots and soil. Plant firmly at about G inches apart, and pinch out the tops, if this has not been done. Whilst in the cutting-frame, some slight protection against frosts will be necessary ; a slight amount of shade will be necessary during bright sunshine. See that the plants do not suffer from dryness at the root, and sprinkle them lightly at the close of warm days. The culture of these plants has declined of late years, on account of their dying off suddenly in summer time, and the shortness of their bloom in hot seasons. Golden Gem, a variety which I grow, is dwarf, robust, and very productive of flowers. Early planting, much manure, and a deeply-worked soil, that should not be allowed to get very "dry, suits the Calceolaria ; and in hungry soils, "occasional applications of manure-water are beneficial, after the plants have become established. H. Markham. ALEXANDERS.— The olden-time pot-herb, called " Alexanders " (Smyrnium olusatrum), is abun- dantly naturalised near Dublin— indeed, all over Ireland— on or near the sites of old abbeys and other religious foundations. What is the golden fungus which gives to it such a bright vellow varie- gated effect, as now growing on the Sutton or sunny sideofllowth Head, a peninsula extending on one side of Dublin Bay ? It may be very common— I should say it is— but it is unknown to F. W, Burbidge. [See our answers to Correspondents in our last issue for the name of the fungus. Ed.] THE SHUTTLECOCK FERN. -The Strutbiopteris areamongthe tinestand most noble of the hardy Ferns, as they attain a large size and are of striking appear- ance, the fronds generally attaining a length of 3 or 4 feet, and are so arranged, that the plants have the appearance of shuttlecocks. The outside fronds are of a beautiful pale shade of green, and are barren, the fertile ones appearing later in the season in the middle of the plant, and being of a dark brown colour, they are conspicuous. Towards the autumn, these fertile fronds become of a still richer shade. Although this species of Strutbiopteris will grow almost anywhere, the most suitable place for it is one which has moisture and a porous soil, on which the creeping stolons extend themselves verv fast, and soon form quite a colony of plants. Not only do such situations favour growth and development, but the plants are kept much healthier, they not being so much subject to thrips or red spider. The Stru- thiopteris are early to start into growth, and the spot should be a sheltered one, or the early fronds will get cut by cold winds. S. pennsylvanica is the larger of the two, and with S. germanica should be in every garden and freely planted, as well as grown in pots for grouping or embellishing greenhouses during the first months of the season. J. iS. EFFECT OF FOG ON PLANTS.— I was much interested by the notes on the subject of fog by your able correspondent, Mr. Hudson, in last week's Gar- deners' Chronicle, as it fully corroborates my own experience. I was once under the impression that the effects of fog were often exaggerated, and that failures were due in some instances to other causes ; but having had two winters and springs in this locality, and having to do a lot of early forcing, I have good reason to change my views. In facs, I believe we suffer more in this respect than Mr. Hudson, as we are much lower than he, and only a few feet above the river level, consequently fogs remain longer with us. I have had the same trouble with Strawberries, and thought that perhaps I should be more successful with another variety ; so this season I gave up the useful Keen's Seedling for Laxton's Noble and King of the Earlies for the earliest lot ; but I would not advise any one to follow my plan. We gave the plants a nice mild bottom-heat of sweet Oak leaves, but I should have done better if I had used the house for other pur- poses, for every pot failed to fruit. Some certainly showed bloom, but after a few days of fog both the blooms and young leaves were affected. I shall now take Mr. Hudson's advice, and not attempt very early forcing, and keep to the well-known and proved varieties, namely Keen's Seedling and Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury for fruiting at this date, using the latter for the first lot. We have a splendid set of Keen's at this date, and when about to start the early lot, in November, a few picked plants were placed with the others, but the plants failed to show bloom. I got the Laxton's potted up very early from runners taken off young plants that had all the 462 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. first blooms picked off to pet strong runners for the purpose, and the plants were showing the bloom- Bpikes at the time of my housing them. I felt sure of success, but the result was the same : the foliage was strong but little bloom showed, although placed close to the glass, and the temperature was all that could be desired. The loss of a few Strawberries, although annoying, is not so serious as that of Grapes. The early forcing of these in this district has become a serious matter, especially as in our case Grapes are wanted all the year round. When iu more favoured districts, where more light and sun are enjoyed, and less fog, this is not at all difficult ; but around London if the gardener has only a limited number of houses, I feel sure he should not be ex- pected to produce very early Grapes. With abundant means at our disposal we can only secure half a crop, and the Vines themselves do not last long; therefore I agree with Mr. Hudson that pot Vines are our sheet anchor; but these will produce little fruit if not of special goodness and strong. We use both pot and permanent Vines; the pots come iu a short time before the permanent ones, and are useful, but we do not get such good bunches from them. The late Mr. Woodbridge adopted the method of planting canes and fruiting them the next season, restricting the roots to a small space and feeding highly, and after a couple of seasons' hard forcing planting new ones ; some small pits were employed for this purpose, and the results were very satisfactory, as he used pot Vines, but was not dependent ou one house only, for should fogs be prevalent at the ti me of setting the result \i most disastrous, and there is the chance of a clear atmosphere for one of the houses. The effects of fog on the bunches is as described ; they gradually turn yellow and curl up, and in a short time the ends drop off. The small amount of light and sun- shine diffused around London is much against suc- cessful forcing, and when combined with fog, the operations are expensive. We have, after a few days fog, to wash the outside of the glasshouse, and have the glass rubbed with a brush before the filth left by fog can be removed. The effects of fog on early Cucumber and Melon are equally disastrous, and one of its effects is to make the foliage thin and inju- riously affected by the least amount of bright sunshine, so that it is necessary to have a succession of plants ready to make good the losses occasioned. Orchids suffer dreadfully — we had a house full of Calanthes in full bloom, and after two days of fog. the blooms dried up, and large numbers fell off. Cypripediums shrivel and lose their colour if they have been out only a few days. Bouvardias lose both their leaves and flowers. I was much surprised at this, the first winter after I came here, as I thought there must be mismanagement somewhere. I thought they had had too much tobacco smoke, but I was assured it was all due to the fog. I was giving them ordi- nary treatment, but this year I adopted the higher temperature for plants in bloom, and the plants do not suffer so much. Most of the plants I have named have suffered in a similar way, and we have en- deavoured toward off the evil effects, by adopting a temperature a few degrees higher, and getting the winter blooming plants propagated early, so as to give them greater strength. Camellias do not, I find, drop the buds so badly if got into early growth ; and many other plants which are weak do not survive through the winter months if propagated late. Tree Carnations are most difficult to keep in anything like a healthy condition if not strong at the ap- proach of winter. My able predecessor gave up the cultivation of Violets in frames after several attempts to grow them. This is very disheartening, as gardeners in the country have very little trouble with these ordinary garden plants. The plants at the present date outside look very miserable, and scarcely a leaf or bloom to be seen, and yet up to November last they formed fine masses, and were grown on a warm raised border. The bad effect fog has on all newly-painted wood or iron is very marked. The paint requires renewing yearly in this district, and more oil must be used, as the continued washing and excessive moisture combined soon affect the wood if not well covered. I have no doubt that some suffer worse than others from the fog, and avoid growing any plants that are subject to its i vil influences as much as possible, but this is not practicable in all cases. I have, in as few words as possible, given my experience, and the means I have taken to cope against fogs as far as I possibly could do so. George Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. LAWNS.— The month of April is almost too late in the spring to undertake the making of a lawn, still in northern districts it may still be done, and a good even surface of verdure follow this late work. Never make a large extent of turf quite fiat, as this would ruin it for walking on after rain ; but give the ground what is called a "hanging level," or slope, however slight, to cause water the sooner to drain off. If the soil is not very rich, it will still make a good lawn ; and if it be rather heavy in its nature, it should not be made lighter by the addition of sand, ashes, &c, as a lawn on stiff soil always keeps of a good colour in the dryest of weather, whereas light soil is drained of moisture with rapidity, with the sure result of brown turf in warm weather. The one thing to be observed with heavy soils is to drain them well by pipe or rubble drains, and have plenty of catch-pits in the adjoining walks to carry off the water falling on the latter. Where lawns are almost taken possession of by a carpet of moss, I have found after experi- menting with several remedies that nothing is so certain in its effects .as a dressing of wood ashes. The effect is not immediate, but is seen in the course of the following summer ; the moss disappears, and a thick sward of fine grass with a profusion of White Dutch Clover succeeds. In some places difficulty is found in obtaining wood ashes. In that case collect all the primings of hedges, shrubs, bushes, and other waste materials of a similar nature that are found about most places, and burn them in a heap. Lack- ing wood ashes a thin sprinkling of lime may be applied, and afterwards one of soot. Some gardeners apply soot and lime mixed together, but this should not be done, as lime robs soot of its usefulness. Where verges or edges of grass from annual cutting have widened the walks to an unsightly degree, strip off the turf a foot wide, which should be cut to make good the turf to its original width. Prick up the soil lightly and make hard and relay the turf, but do not lay narrow strips of turf near to the walks. In extensive lawns there is seldom any attempt made to dig out the Daisies, except in the most prominent places ; but in small places these are objectionable weeds, and are sometimes spudded out and got rid of in other ways. Some people do not think of doing this until the plants are in bloom, when by digging them out holes and bare spots ate left which remain un- sightly all through the summer. To avoid this, the proper time is March and April. After digging out the roots fill the holes with soil, and make firm after- wards, sowing Lawn-seed mixture. A. Evans, Lythe Hill. HOME-GROWN SPIR>£A JAPONICA.— As I have been trying to grow these plants for some time, so as to secure a stock for forcing, I will relate my failures and ultimate success, for the benefit of your readers. Some imported clumps, after being forced, were planted out in due course on a warm border, where they grew fairly well, and the second year afterwards I took them up to force again ; but they did not flower at all satisfactorily, and my employer thought the best place for them was in a neighbour- ing wood, but I thought I would try again, and this time the result was no better; so I had to think of some other plan. This time I planted them, last spring, on a north border, and as they were planted a good quantity of clayey soil was placed around their roots. The plants grew as well as one could wish, and on being taken up for forcing I was obliged to divide them with the spade before I could get them into 32s. I have now about fifty plants, measuring 2 feet across, which carry from twenty to thirty spikes of bloom — far exceeding the number I ever saw on imported plants. I have forced only half my stock this year, as I intend to have two lots of plants, forcing them each alternate year. It is to the rest the plants had that I attribute my success, and to the brick earth, into which they rooted very freely, and did not suffer from drought. Alfred Bishop. LILIES OF THE VALLEY.— Londoners need not go to the eastern counties to find large Lilies of the Valley, although there can be no doubt whatever but that Mr. Jannoch, of Dersingham, has succeeded in showing that as fine Lily crowns can be produced in England as in Holland. My example is found at Twickenham, where, as has so often been mentioned, Messrs. Hawkins & Bennett grow their fine Victoria Lily of the Valley in beds, and which produce crowns equal to the best to be purchased anywhere. Lilies of the Valley need a few years to get them into that high condition of development essential for market value ; but then, on the other hand, what other plant is so valuable over a rod of ground as is the Lily. Literally where well grown thousands of fine crowns may be taken from a rod of soil, the value being great, be- cause a market can always be found for the roots — where, as in this country, so largely employed for forcing. It is true that at Twickenham the firm which produces such splendid Lilies of the Valley prepares the beds by excavating the soil and making new ones absolutely, but they are driven to that con- tingency for want of room. If they set out to grow roots for market sale, as Mr. Jannoch does, no doubt they would go further afield and secure fresh soil, but that is not possible, therefore the fresh soil is brought to them. The beds are about 6 feet in width, that they may be protected by frames and lights in the blooming season ; but although the plants are densely crowded, yet annual top-dressings of manure put on in the winter with plenty of water given in dry weather, keep the beds in the finest of growth for some eight or ten years, when they are broken up and re-made. We ought to be able to utilise for our Lilies of the Valley occasional sewage ffoodings, for the roots are gross feeders and well repay feeding. A. D. LACHENALIA PENDULA.— An effective way in which to grow this plant is in a basket, the natural droop of the leaves and flowers fitting it admirably for this purpose. At the present time we have a pair of baskets in the conservatory whose diameter is 2 feet 6 inches and their depth 2 feet, and 300 fully-ex- panded spikes of greenish-yellow are visible, and many buds at the tips of the bloom-spikes; the baskets are quite hidden under the mass of foliage and bloom. Lvchenalias require a very small amount of skill to grow, and are so free from noxious insects that it is a wonder that they are not more commonly grown as basket and pot plants. If the baskets in which they are grown are large, it is not necessary to remove the tubers for the purpose of adding new soil every year, each alternate year being often enough to transplant them, providing manure-water is supplied when growth is most active, which is when the flower-spikes are appear- ing. Circular baskets give the best effects, and if these are 12 or 15 inches deep they will be large enough ; ours are made of No. 9 galvanised iron wire. The side-wires are fixed to the circle at the top, at 2 inches apart, and the basket is suspended by four looped wires, and fixed to a hook in the roof timber. After flowering, the baskets are removed to a cool house, and less and less water is given to them until the foliage dies off. The baskets are then hung up in the potting-shed, where they remain without any water being given to them until near the end of the month of September, when roots begin to form, and new growth to take place. The bulbs may then be removed and sorted into two sizes, the smaller ones being reserved for other baskets, or potted six or eight in a 5-inch pot, to increase in strength. When filling a basket, suspend it close to the potting- bench ; cover the bottom of the basket with long green moss and a layer of compost, consisting of turfy loam three parts, leaf-soil and horse-dung one part, and some silver-sand. It is not necessary to place any of the bulbs actually at the bottom, but the first row may be placed at 3 inches away from the centre ; the leaves and spikes of flower from the first row will fill the lower space. The bulbs should be placed in layers 2 or 3 inches apart, allowing the point of the growing shoot to protrude through the moss horizontally, and continue to plant in layers until the basket is full, when a few strong bulbs should be planted upright, so as to cover the top. The soil should be moist, so that no water will be required for several days, when a thorough soaking may be given, and afterwards as often as water is needed. The baskets may be hung in any cool light house until the bulbs begin to flower. Forcing is detrimental to the appearance of the plant, and should not be practised. K. M. BOOKS AND SPECIMENS AT THE NARCISSUS CONFERENCE. — It would be most interesting if an exhibition of the books, especially the older ones, relating to the history of the Narcissus as a flower, could be made in connection with the Narcissus Conference, to be held at Chiswick, April 15, 16, 17, and 18. The works of some of the " old masters " such as Gerard. Parkinson, Sweert, Crispian Passe, jun , " Hortus Floridus." The rare Jardin du Roy, and the still more rare Campi Ely see, vol. ii., of the Kudbecks, Barrellier's Jconcs. The Theatrum Florcc is another rare folio containing splendidly etched figures of Narcissi, including the newly re-introduced .N. cyclamineus, and the enormous elephant folio Hortus Eystettensis, would also of itself form a most interesting feature. Perhaps the Director of the Royal Gardens, Kew, could oblige us in this Apbil 12, 1890.] THE GABDEXEES1 CHBOXICLE. 463 matter, or add to the botanical interest of the exhibition by exhibiting dried specimens or drawings (of the wild species of Narcissi), as he so generously did for us at the Chrysanthemum Conference last November? At any rate, the subject of rare books and authentic wild specimens and illustrations seems worthy of consideration in connection with the reading of papers, and the exhibition of culti- vated species and forms. F. W. Burbidge, F.R.H.S. BERRIED AUCUBAS AT CHISWICK GARDENS. — Some years ago the late Mr. John Standish con- tributed to the columns of the Gardeners' Chronicle a suggestive paper on " Evergreens for Towns," and in it he strongly recommended the use of Au- cubajaponica for town planting, and he particularly recommended that in the London squares there should be planted the dark green-leaved varieties of both sexes, regarding them as much more hand- some than the variegated forms, and predicting the time when, if the types he named were planted, they would he seen "loaded with their rich coral-like berries.'' In the several beds and clumps of Aucubas at Chiswick. Mr. Barron has planted male Aucubas in the centre, surrounding these with a line of the variegated female Aucuba, a dwarf green-leaved type known as vera being used as an edging plant, and which are as well berried as the others. The leaves of A. fcemina vera being small, the large and numerous clusters of bright red berries show pro- minently. Plants of this type are worthy of being grown in pots for conservatory decoration, and although the male forms bloom much earlier than the females — apparently before the flowers of the latter are sufficiently developed to become im- pregnated with pollen — y.t somehow fertilisation is accomplished. As the Japanese Aucuba is an excel- lent London plant, there is no reason why the successor to John Standish should not see his own words exemplified :— " Only fancy the London lighted up with such plants loaded with their coral- red fruit I ii. is until June.'' II. I). Societies. ROYAL HOSTI CULTURAL. Ai'tin, 8.— At the Royal Horticultural ■• meeting, held on Tuesday last in the Drill Hall, at Westminster, there were comparatively few exhibits, and nothing specially remarkable. Mr. W. Ingram, of Belvoir Castle Gardens, Grantham, read an address on 'Spring Flower Gardening," in which he alluded to the plants he employs in the now well-known spring Bower garden at Belvoir Castle. The lecturer was attentively listened to by a large company-, whilst in a chatty style he described the colour, height, habit, and length of flowering of his favourite plants ; and showed how much floral and leaf beauty may be added to our gardens by a large increase of the flowers of s; i ii An account oi the ipring tl >wer garden at Belvoir is given in our issue lor May 22, 1886, p. 640, and many other notices occur in previous issues. Tne lecture was elliciently illustrated by living plants kindly supplied by Messrs. Paul Cheshunt. Floral Committee. Present: W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. S. H.bberd, T. Baines. II. Herbst, C. T. 1 iv, T. \V. Girdlestone, B. Blair, II. B. May, R. 15. Lowe. ('. Jeffries, 1! Wynne, G. Paul, I- . Ros's, and Rev. II. II. D't hubrain. A nice and pleasing group of pot Roses was sent bv Mr.W. Ramsey, Joynings Nursery, Waltham Cross. The plants were well grown and flowered, and eon,. prised sin h varieties as Madame Marie Bhodi Climbing Niphetos, Lady Mary Fitzwilliam, Miss Hassard, Duke of Edinburgh, and General Jacque- minot. Also a box of some hands. a ir including Mabel Morrison. Souvenir de la Malmaison, [nm ■ ite Firola, Senateui Paisse, Duke of Teck, &c. Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, contributed largely to the display, having a Dumber of alpine plants in pots, a small collection of flower- ing shrubs, a group of Amaryllis, and three standard hardy Azaleas, which were laden with well-developed bloom. Other plants were Rihes cornea, Berberi Darwinii, Tree Poeonies, Tulipa Greigi vara., alpine Auriculas, a fine lot of Doronicum plantagineuiu excelsum, Tecophylla cyanocrocus, with a beautiful bine flower ; Fritillarias, Caltha minor, Saxifrages, a pot of Pyxidanthera barbulata, which forms a dense tuft, and bears white flowers having five petals. There were some thirty plants of Amaryllis from this firm, and they made a brilliant show, having well- coloured flowers, of moderate size, and fairly dwarf. Titian, white ground, with heavy crimson edge, was one of the most striking. Old-fashioned greenhouse plants were sent from the collections in the Royal Gardens, Kew, and included some useful old favourites, which, when well grown and flowered, make a good effect, and are useful for all cool conservatories. Among others were Bauera rubioides, Agapetes buxi folia, Goodia latifolia, Mackaya bella, Grevillea Thelle- maniana, Eupatorium atro-rubens, very showy ; Polygala Dalmaisiana, Chorizema varium, full of its brightly-hued flowers, and many others of a similar character. A number of alpine Primulas were contributed by 0. T. Hodges, Esq., Lachine, Chislehurst ; they were healthy, well-grown examples, and bore nicely- coloured flowers. The following species were in the c illection : —P. admontensis, P. verticillata, P. rnar- ginata, P. rosea, P. viscosa, P. pubescens alba, P. glaucescens, P. tyrolensis, &o. Half-a-dozen pots of Lachenalia Nelsoni were also sent by this exhibitor. Two handsome Amaryllis came from Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, R lyal Exotic Nursery. King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. Dante, white with red flush and band, yvas very fine ; and in Grand Monarch, was a large flower of deep red down to the very base of the perianth segment, which makes this a desirable variety. Primrose, i lakwood Blue, was sent by (i. 1'. Wilson, Esq., Oakwood, Weybridge, it is a ■ from Scott Wilson, and has (lowers of dark plum-colour with a conspicuous yellow eye. Mr. Hudson, gr. to le Rothschild, Gunnersbary House, Acton, Bering branches ol Magnolia conspicu .;>. Habrotbamnua scaber (Newelli), and Maranta War./ vie, Mr. Wilkins. gr. to J. Mr..- ; i i . Kingston Hill, I Mi also contributed a few varieties, one of which, Terra Cotta la Polyanthus form) had flowers in which i-il and brown were curiously combined. Thi R v. W. Wilks, Shirley '■ roydon, sent an example of Cytiius A the Laburnum. ■ ioi of I 'alio. lils were staged by Mr. Walker, Whitton, and by Messrs. Ban & ent Garden, and added considerably to the Orchid Committee. t: Dr. M. T. Masters in the chair; and ... M M. Polled, 1! tine, C. J, Pilcher, J. Di miny, E. Bill, L. I a , A. II. S nee, J, i CBrien, T. I!. 1 1 a ;. From M. P. Iilair, Trentham Gardens, Stoke- on- line a small collection of nie well-flowered Orchids, the hybrid Den- i chrysodisocus with Beven low bium nobile nobilius, and I), n. Cooksoni, both with very finely flow Cattleya l rian Trentham vaiiety, with full dowers of delicate hue, the lip Icing very In i ■ . oun d also l Idonl glossum flaveolum and O. triumphans, with large flowi i- Mr. W. II. Young, gr. i i 1. Wigan, Esq., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, also Benl a pretty group, in which a fine plant of Cattleya Schroderi was conspicuous, others being Angrxcum I us, Lycaste llarrisonia-. Cypripedium hirsntiasimum, and C. suavissimum, all very creditable examples. E. Klhs Esq , Manor House, Wellington (gi Mr, T. A. Glover), had a very good piece oi Aeridei suavissimum, bearing four spikes of bloom, (he flowers Icing of a delicate rose colour with the lip of \ ellon . Prom the collection of I. G. Tantz, Esq., Shep- herd's Buah, W. (gr., Mr. J. C. Cowley), there were sent Miltonia vexillaria, o form having large flowers of rose with a white border; Cattleya Lawri rosea, with richly coloured Sowers, and a well developed piece oi Cypripedium selligernm majus. Mr. G. Palmer, gr. to T. II Powell, E8q., brink- stone Park, limy St. Edmunds, sent a bloom of a good coloured form of Odontoglosaum Peacatorei. The Pv. Handley, Bath igr., Mr. Veerstade), sent a line form of Odontoglossum crispum, yvith lafge (lowers; Angrrccum sesquipedale yvith six blooms, and a plant of ( Idontoglossummaculatumwith five large flowers. A pigmy Cypripedium niveum, having flowers only I', inches across, was sent bv Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill. A very interesting object yvas sent by Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Chelsea, the plant being Dendrobium atro- violaceum. The specimen exhibited had one erect raceme of five flowers, which are carried in a droop- ing manner, the stems about 12 to 15 inches in height with no leaves ; the flowers are 2 inches in diameter, yellowish, the petals oblong ovate, se;>als narroyver, and both spotted with violet, the lateral lobes of the lip are ascending greenish- yellow outside, streaked heavily with violet within, the median lobe also being streaked and dotted. A Botanical certificate was awarded to this plant by the Scientific Committee. Fruit Committee. Present : Sir C. Strickland, Bart., in the chair ; and Messrs. P. Crowley, R. D. Blackmore, T. F. Rivers, W. Warren, J. Smith, J. Wright, A. Watkins, G. Wvthes, H. Balderson, 11. Weir, .1. Hudson, and .1. ('deal. A lew fine fruits of Laxton's Noble and Auguste Nicaise Strawberry came from Mr. James Smith, Mentmore Gardens, Leighton Buzzard. Mr. Miller, gr. to Lord Fowley, Esher, sent a fine lot of Mush- rooms ; and from the Society's Gardens, Chiswick, came a collection ol Broccoli. Purple Sprouting, Leamington, and Sutton's Dwarf being very good. Awards were made as follows: — B i i:. Floral Committee. 1 To Pyxidanthera barbulata, from Messrs. Paul & Sou. To I'iiiiii Oakwood Blue, from G. F. Wilson, l To Polyanthus Terra- cotta, from Mr. R. Dean. I" Amaryllis Grand Monarch, from Messrs. J. Si Sou. Medals. Silver Banksian, to Mr. W. Rumsey, for group of Roses in pots; to Mr. .1. Walker fof colic, don of Daffodils; and to Messrs. Paul and Sons, for a group of plants in Bower. Bronze Banksian, to 0. T. Hodges, Esq., for a group of Primulas. P.v l in i !- [i pin ( JoMMITTEE. Banksian, to F. Wilson, Esq.; and to Mr. B. Blair. By Tin: I'm i I I JoMMITTEE. 1 of Merit. Strawberry Auguste Nicaise, from Mr J. Smith. ROYAL CALEDONIAN. April 2 im>3 This Society held its spring show in i In- Waverley Market, Edinburgh, on Wednesday and Thursdaj last week. The weather was auspicious on '"-'ii da) -, and the event was a success financially. Few i shows have been held by this Society. The i titive groups of plants for effect in the nnrsery- iss were placed on the floor instead of being elevated on tables i wo feet or more in height as had been done formerly. The groups themselves were better seen; tin \ presented less obstruction to the general view of the show. In the class for a group of plants ol Inn square feet, Messrs. Laird & Sons and Messrs. Inland .v. Thomson were the only com- and they wire placed by the judges in the order named. Palms, Kerns, and other foliage plants, Azaleas, Hyacinths, Cytisus, Rhododendrons, Spira as, and (he usual Mowers of the season, natural or forced, were included. An attractive feature yvas the table of Primula Siebnldi varieties, set up with taste by Messrs. Ryder & Son, of Sale, near Manchester, The plants were arranged in pans of about 12 inches diameter, plunged in a bed of freah gnen moss, sloping towards (In- spectator, the flowers springing erect to the height of from (i to '.I inch ia in well defined circular masses, displayed charmingly their bright and varied colours. It was a charming display. Mr. John Downie ol Beechhill Nurseries, Edin- burgh, ' \ In hind a fine lot of large-flowered Cinera- rias. Messrs. Methven & Sons, Princes Street, Dick- son^ \ I'n, Waterloo Place, James Dickson \ Son, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, each contributed attrac- tive tables of flowering and foliage, greenhouse and stove plants, intermixed with forced and hardy flowers, yvhich by their gay colours and excellent arrangement, added much to the beauty of the show. 464 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Attni. 12, 1890. Forced flowering plants were in great abundance. In the class for twelve plants, the competition was keen, Mr. Mclntyre, The Glen, Innerleithen, Mr. Mc- Kinnon, Melville Castle, and Mr. Laing, Salisbury Green, shared the honours in the order named. In the collection of the last-named competitor was a very perfect plant of the Scotch variety of Laburnum, very well flowered, which should induce others to make free use of it for exhibition and home decorative purposes. Indian Azaleas were represented in about their usual numbers and styles. In the larger class of four specimen plants, Mr. l'aterson, Milbank, took first honours ; Mr. Bald, Canaan House, and Mr. Gros- sart, Oswald House, were 2nd and 3rd in their order. In the smaller class of two specimens, Mr. McLennan, Restalrig House, came to the front, with Mr. Cope- land, Orwell Lodge, a good 2nd. The class of four plants in pots not exceeding 8 inches, placed Mr. Pa- terson again victor, followed by Mr. Copeland, and Mr. Donaldson, Murrayfield, in their order. Stove and greenhouse plants were in about the usual form at these shows, and the familiar names of Paterson, Bald, Grossart, Eraser, Canaan Park, and McKinnon, were the principal prize takers. Cape Heaths. — In the case of four distinct varieties, Mr. Paterson was an easy 1st ; 2nd, Mr. Bald. Mr. McKinnon had no competitor in the class for two distinct, but his plants would have been hard to beat had there been more candidates for places. Azalea mollis, these in all classes were generally so well exhibited in regard to quality, that comment is needless. Mr. Paterson and Mr. Henderson, Cler- miston, and Mr. Mclntyre distinguished themselves in the order named in the larger class of six plants dis- tinct ; while in the class of three standards, McKinnon was placed 1st, and Mclntyre 2nd, having the competition to themselves. Orchids were neither numerous nor very remark- able. The best six came from Mr. Grossart, and comprised Cypripedium Warneri, Lycaste Skinned alba, fresh and well bloomed ; Dendrochilum glu- maceum, Cattleya Lawrenceana, and Cymbidium Lowii, all in good form. The best three were set up by Mr. Mclntyre. Perns were numerous, and as usual, well done ; there were eight classes. The principal prize takers were Mr. J Napier, Kockville, whose four distinct exotics took first prize; A. Crichton, Southfield, first in the class of two distinct ; Mr. Paterson 1st for three Gleichenias, distinct ; Mr. Anderson, an amateur, Edinburgh. 1st for three filmy Perns, which were very fine ; the same competitor also taking 1st for six dwarf British Ferns, which were altogether admirable; and Mr. Laing took 1st in the class of Tree Ferns. Hoses were an excellent show, marking an advance on the numbers and quality of some recent years. The best six in pots were tabled by Mr. Paterson ; and the best three in pots came from Mr. Johnstone, Sillerbit Hall, Hawick. The best twenty-four cut blooms were set up by Mr. Henderson ; the best twelve by Mr. Wynter, Kockville, Linlithgow ; the best twelve Gloire de Dijon by Mr. Chalmers, Davidson's Mains; and the best twelve Marfohal Niel by Mr. T. Fender, Creiff. Hyacinths. — In these there was a perceptible falling off in quantity, but generally there was better growth, though hardly the usual excellence of finish. The 1st prize twelve in the gardeners' classes were set up by Mr. McBean, Johnstone, Renfrewshire, who also took the same position in the class of eight ; and in the class of six, Mr. George Lawrie took the 1st place. In the amateurs' class of six, Messrs. Adam Brydon, Tweed Bank, Innerleithen ; John Barnie, Jock's Lodge ; and R. McKean, Norton Place, took honoors in their order. Tulips. — These were generally excellent and plentiful, and gardeners and amateurs entered the lists against each other. The leading prize takers in the several classes were Grossart and Barnie. Fruit was scarce. Mr. Mclntyre tabled the only Pine, and Mr. Dow the only six pots of Strawberries. The finest thirty Strawberries were from Sir. Mclndoe, Hutton Hall, Guisburgh, being Laxton's Noble, which for colour and perfection of form were the admiration of all. Mr. Smith, Oxenford Castle, and Mr. Mclntyre were 2nd and 3rd respectively. For two bunches of black Grapes, Mr. Mclndoe took 1st place ; Messrs. Smith and Mclntyre being 2nd and 3rd. The 1st prize for twenty-four kitchen Apples went to Mr. Potter, Seaclift'e, N. BerwicK, who also took 1st position with twenty-four dessert Apples. The best twelve dessert Pears were put up by Mr. Robertson Hartrigge, Jedburgh, who also tabled the best twelve kitchen Pears, Vegetables. — The collections of twelve distinct kinds were numerous, and of high excellence. They each comprised samples of forced Asparagus, Kidney Beans, Seakale, Potatos, Rhubarb, and the three which took the allotted prizes, have never been sur- passed in quality at this season here. The prize winners in their order were Mr. Robertson, Mr. Cairns, Bonjedward, Jedburgh, and Mr. G. Potter. The best collection of salads came from Mr. T. Milne, Sunnybank Cottage. The best brace of Cucumbers from Mr. Mclndoe ; the best pint of Mush- rooms from Mr. Thorburn, Valleyfield, Penicuick. The best fifty pods of Kidney Beans from Mr. J. Cossar, Spot House, Dunbar ; the best twenty-five Asparagus from Mr. Crichton; the best six heads Seakale from Mr. Robertson; the heaviest six stalks Rhubarb from Mr. Thomson, Ferry Road, Leith ; the best twelve forced Potatos from Mr. S. Bigham, Jedburgh ; the best three Broccoli from Mr. Dow, New Byth ; the best twelve Onions from Mr. John- stone ; the best six Leeks from Mr. R. P. Brother- ston, Tyninghame ; the best six Beet from Mr. Gourlay, Musselburgh, &c. Nurserymen's Classes were, as usual, good, and honours in them keenly contested. At the outset we have noted the leading class in this section — the group for effect. Messrs. Laird & Sons had no competition in the class of twelve harr'.y Rhododen- drons in pots or tubs, which were grand, tree-like specimens, splendidly flowered. Messrs. Ireland & Thomson were an easy 1st, with twelve hardy Rhododendrons in pots not exceeding 12 inches diameter. The 1st prize for two Camellias in bloom went to Messrs. Laird & Sons. Messrs. Ireland & Thomson were an excellent 1st, with four Azalea indica ; they also excelled with their twelve dwarf Azalea mollis, but were beaten by Messrs. Laird & Sons with six standards of that species. Messrs. James Dickson & Sons took 1st prize for twelve Conifers in tubs or pots. Laird & Sons were again placed 1st with six Palms, also with three Crotons, and three Dracienas. Two Tree Ferns brought Messrs. Dicksons & Co. to the front, and twelve table plants again gave the leading position to Messrs. Laird & Sons, who were also 1st with four new and rare plants. For twenty-four Hyacinths, the 1st prize was earned by Messrs. Kerr & Sons, Roxburgh. For six Tulips, Messrs. Laird & Sons were 1st, as also for six pots of Narcissus. In the two classes of twelve cut Roses distinct, and twelve Maruchal Niel, Mr. Bryson, Helensburgh, had the running to himself. Primulas of sorts, including P.obconica, the hardy Primroses and Polyanthus, &c , were with the ex- ception of Auriculas — which were very indifferent samples — more numerous and better presented than they generally are at these shows. The collections of alpine plants also were pretty numerous, although species questionably alpine are too freely admitted in the category by the judges and committee. The educational effect of competitions of this kind is, may be permitted to remark in passing, very unsatis- factory when an Arabis asarifolia is permitted to stand for two days labelled Saxifraga without being corrected. The collection of hardy spring flowers of Messrs. Munro & Ferguson, set up in competition, was rich in good old and new and rare things of this kind, and had the 1st prize awarded to it. At one end of the table was a small collection of interesting spring flowers from Mr. Boyd, of Fauldonside, Melrose, among which was a spike of flowers of an alleged hybrid between Scilla bifolia and Chionodoxa Lucil- liic. The inflorescence and ovary were those apparently of the Squill, while there was little be- sides a paling down of the blue to almost a white tint at the base of the perianth to show any resem- blance to the other alleged parent. An interesting collection of Daffodils was exhi- bited by Messrs. Peter Barr & Son, London. of beautiful examples of Schizanthus pinnatus, and S. Grahami. Some sixteen varieties of hybrid Rhododendrons, exhibiting the blood of R. Thom- sonii, R. Campbellii, ami R. arboreum, were sent in by Mr. Morris, Hay Lodge, Trinity. They were mostly deep reds, with large campauulate blooms, which were very effective. The same exhibitor had also a truss on the table of a large trumpet-flowered Rhododendron, said to be the result of first crossing R. formosum with R. ciliatum, and re-crossing the progeny with R. Edgeworthii. SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The ordinary monthly meeting was held in the lecture hall of the Young Men's Christian Associa- tion, St. Andrew Street, Edinburgh, on the 1st inst., Mr. Morrison, Vice-President, in the chair. The Rev. Mr. Marjoribanks, of Preston Kirk, gave an interest- ing popular lecture on "A Trip Across America to California and Alaska, Returning by the Canadian Pacific Railway. Exhibits on the occasion were sent in by Mr. James Mathieson, gr. "to Mr. Buchanan, Currie Hdl, LIVERPOOL SPRING FLOWER SHOW. April 8 and 0. — Just after the Easter holidays, the Liverpool Horticultural Association decided to hold their spring show. It took place in St. George's Hall, a place eminently fitted for showing plants and flowers to the best advantage. Three longitudinal tables did duty in the area, and the wings at the side were relegated for the larger specimens sent for com- petition by gentlemen gardeners. As a whole, it was a floral show, not without some large plants to tone down any squat formality. The principal showy plants came from the green- houses of the gentlemen about and around Liverpool, Mr. B. Cromwell, gr. to Mr. Timms of Allerton, had splendidly grown plants of such as D^ndrobium nobile, Clerodendron Balfourianum, Kentia Fos- teriana — particularly fine, and Croton Disraeli. In addition to these, he had capital Azaleas, of which Madame Ambrose Verschaffelt was in best condition. He had also a capital plant of Franciscea ampertiflora, of Rhododendron Veitchianum, of Erica Devoniana, bristling with crimson tubular blossoms. Mr. Jellicoe, gr. to Mr. Essage, had very fine plants of Cycas revoluta, the pure white fragrant hybrid Himalayan Rhododendron, a capital Dion edule, Rhododendron Gibsoni covered with bloom, and several otner good plants. Mr. Winkworth had a fine example of a really effective hardy Rho- dodendron called Phantom. Mr. McKelnir, had grand plants of Davallia Mooreana; excellent example of Azalea mollis were staged from Mr. Morris, gr. to Mr. Jones. Mr. H. Wales, Eden Hall, had a striking specimen of Calamus ciliaris and of Kentia Belmoreana. Mr. Bounds had the best Azaleas, and Mr. James Kelly showed a well-grown and flowered plant of standard Azalea, after the stvle of Apollon. Lachenalia pendula, grown in a basket, and suspended, clearly showed that this was a good system, as the habit of the plant, and the quantities of pendulous flowers of yellowish-green, took the eye much better than when presented on a level. Mr. L. F. Bahr had excellent hybrid perpetual Roses. Among Orchids, which were comparatively numerous, and briskly competed for, Mr. Osborne, gr. to Mr. Robinson, Woolom, had the best, his Odon- toglossum crispum and Cypripedium caudatum were particulaily noteworthy. Among others were Odon- toglossum Edwardii, Cattleya Trfarne, Dendrobium Wardianum, Chysis bractescens, and several well- known Dendrobes. For the best single specimen, Mr. Smith, gr. to Mr. Y. Varrondo, took 1st with a well-grown Phalajnopsis amabilis, but a poor variety. Mr. Jellicoe was 2nd, with a well-grown plant, pro- perly flowered, of D. Jamesianum ; and Mr. Thomas Wilson was 3rd with Vauda suavis, with three spikes of bloom. Hyacinths were past thpir best, and the general bulb classes were only indifferently represented. Roses were good, the cut Marechal and William Allen Richardson very fine indeed, from Mr. John Campbe'l, Mersey Road. The other exhibitors were the Liverpool Horticul- tural Company, with a variety of excellent articles for general decoration. Messrs. Davies & Son, Wavertree, with a lot of bulbous plants, among which were several well-flowered Amaryllis, and other useful plants. Ryder & Son, Sale, had an excellent group of Primula Sieboldi, really an excellent decorative plant in a great many shades of colour, which won the plaudits of the visitors. CATTLEYA Trian/E.— M. Lucien Linden sends ns a flower with the segments in pairs instead of in threes. There is no ovary, two sepals placed laterally, two lip-like petals placed at right angles, and an "erect column, without an anther. A similar malformation is very common in Orchids, and is the result of arrest of growth and suppression. Some who are fond of speculation, suppose that such flowers indicate a descent from some more simple stage. Apbil 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 465 Markets. COVZNT GARDEN, April 10. The holidays are still making our business very Hull, especially with forced goods. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t. d. t. d. I i. d. t. d. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-70 Lemons, per case... 13 0-20 0 — Nova Scotia, brl. 12 0-25 0 | Pine-apples, Eng., lb. 10-16 Grapes, per lb. ... 2 0-501 — St. Michael, each 20-60 — New, per lb. ... 5 0- 8 0 | Strawberries, lb. ... 4 0-80 Veoetables.— Average Retail Prices. t.d.t. d. t. d.t.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, perl'O 12 0- ... punnet 0 4-... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... , Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... I Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 10-16 Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... 2 0- ... i Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... 0 4- ... ; Brussel Sprouts.pr lb. 0 3- ... 0 3- ... : Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turnips, per bunoh, Cucumbers, each Endive, per dozen Herbs, per bunch Leeks, per bunch . Lettuces, per dozen... 1 6- Muslirooms, punnet 16- 0 4- POTATOS:— Old Potatos hive been selling freely at the late low prices. Tendency for New one-* ; much lower price. Heavy arrivrls are due this week. /. />'. Thomas. Plants in Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldi, dot. 6 0-18 0 Arum Lilies, perdoz. 9 0-18 0 1 0-42 0 6-10 6 0-3 0 i 0-10 0 Aspi-listria. d< — speci. plants, each 7 azaleas, various.each 2 t. d.t.d. doz. 8 0-24 0 ■., doz. 4 0-18 0 . each .16-70 ■ doz.. Cyclamen, dozen ... 9 CyperuB, per dozen . 4 Daffodils, doz. pots... 8 Dielytra, perdoz. ... 9 Oraceena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendishii. per dozen 18 — ventricos-i, do/. 15 Eaonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Ferns, in i Ficus elasti' Foliage pla ous. each 2 0-10 0 Genista, perdoz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-24 0 Heliotrope, per doz. 6 0-90 0-12 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 ii 12 0 Lily of Hi.- Valley, p. doz. pota 18 0 24-0 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- 0-48 0 let, per dozen ...6 0-8 0 0-24 0 —perdoz 18 0-24 0 Roses, various, doz. 18 0-36 0 0-18 0 — (Fairy), per doz. 8 0-10 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 Bed-ling plants in variety in boxes, and also in pots. Cut Flowers Abutilons, 12 bun. ... Azaleas, doz. sprays Bouvardias, per bun. OaHa«Bthlopica,12bl. Gamelilas, white, per — various, per doz. Carnations. 12 blms. CfOI , lJbun. ... Cyclamens., 12 blms. Daffodils, 12 bunches Euchans, per dozen Gardenias, 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 spr. Hyacinths (Freni 6 I, per bunch — (Dutch), in boxes, white, per box ... — (Dutch), in boxes, various, per box ... Lilac, white,Fr.,bun. Lilium, var., la bl Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays —Average Wholesale Prices t. d.t.d. t. 2 0-40 Maiden Hair Fern, 0 6-10 12 bun 4 0 8-101 Mignonette. 12 ban. 2 3 0-50 — French, per bun. 1 Marguerites. 13 bun. 3 2 0-40 Narcissus, various, 10-20! doz. bun 1 10-20! Pelargoniums, scarlet, 1 il- 2 0 12 spr 0 0 4-06 — dozen sprays... 0 0 3-09 Primroses, 12 bun, ... 0 4 u- K o Primulas, double, 12 3 0-60 sprays 1 0 6 10 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 10-30 — French, dozen ... 1 — red. per dozen ... 3 2 0- 4 0 | — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 1 6- .1 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 9 4 0-60 Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 2 0-60 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 0 6-10 — French, bunch ... 1 I — Parma, bunoh ... 0-9 0 0-4 0 6-2 0 O-6 0 6- 1 0 0- 1 6 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-5 0 6-2 6 6- 1 0 0-12 0 6-2 0 6- 1 o 0-2 0 0- 2 u 0-4 0 Orchid- bloom rlety. SEEDS. London : April '.). — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, report a steady demand for all kinds of seeds required for immediate sowing. All descriptions of Cloverseeds are now obtainable at remarkably low rates. Im- ported and perennial Kye grasses meet a brisk sale nt previous low currencies. Of English Sanfoin the supply seems all exhausted ; line French seed, how- ever, can be bought on very moderate terms. Lucerne, like nearly everything else, is cheap this season. Tares realise last week's rates. Fine Blue Peas are getting into a narrow compass. Mustard and Hapeseed keep firm. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending April 5 : — Wheat, 29s. 8d. ; Barley, 30s. ; Oats, 18s. Id. For the corresponding week in 1880 :— Wheat, 30s. \d.; Barley, 25s. U. ; Oats, 17s. FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : April 9.— Good supplies of all kinds of green stuffs. Moderate supply of fruit. Plentiful supply of Potatos. Demand good for fruit and vege- tables, but very dull for Potatos. Prices : — English Apples, 4s. to 7s. per bushel ; American Apples, 16s. to 22s. Gd. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. to Is. Gd. per dozen bundles ; natural ditto, Is. 3d. to 2s. Gd., do. ; Seakale, Is. to Is. Gd. per punnet ; Curly Kale, 4d. to Gd. per bushel ; Spinach, 2s. to 3s., do. ; Turnip-tops, Is. to Is. Gd. per sack ; Swede- tops, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Sprouting Broccoli, Gd. to 9d. per sieve ; do., Is. to Is. lid. per sack ; Parsnips, -Id. to 8d. per score ; Beetroots, id. to Gd. per dozen ; Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Greens, 2s. to os. (><'. per dozen bunches ; Turnips, 2s. to 2s. 6d. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Cabbage Lettuce, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Endive, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; Parsley, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. 4d. per bundle ; English Onions, 9s. to 10s. per cwt. ; Spanish do., 9s. Gd. to 12s. Gd. per case ; Bordeaux do., 7s. to 7s. 6'/. do. ; Dutch and Belgian do., 5s. to 6s. Gd. per bag of 110 lb. ; Carrots, 12s. Gd. to 30s. per ton. Stratford : April 8. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices :— Savoys, 3s. to 5s. Gd. per tally; Cauliflowers, 6s. to lis. Gd. per crate ; Turnips, 25s. to 35s. per ton ; .Carrots (household), 25s. to 40s. do.; do. (cattle feeding), 18s. to 22s. do.; Man- golds, 13s. to 18s. do. ; Swedes, 15s. to 19s. do. ; Onions, English, 9s. to 10s. Gd. per cwt. ; do., Dutch, 6s. to 7s. per bag ; Apples, English, 16s. to 28s. per barrel; Watercress, (i/.^per dozen ; Cress (hot and cold), 'id. per dozen baskets ; Celery, 4s. to 8s. per dozen rolls; lihubarb, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dor.en bunches. POTATOS. Boroooh aid Spitalfields : April 8. — Quota- tions : — Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Uebrons, 30s. to 80s. ; Magnums, blackland, .'!0.«. to 40s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to I - , l.incolns, 40s. to 55s.; Yorks, 45s. to 80s.; Scotch, 47s. 6rf. to 100*. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields: April 9.— Quotations : — Magnums, 30s. to 47s. 6W. ; Regents, 50s. to 65s. ; Champions, 40s. to 45s. ; Imperators, 35s. to 60s. ; Hebrons, 30s. to 40s. per ton. Btsatfobd: April 8. -Quotations:— Scotch Re- gents, 55s. to 72*. ; do. Magnums, 55s. to 75s. ; do. light English Magnums, 45s. to 60s. ; do. dark, 37s. to 45s. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the priceB obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week: — Clover, prime, 75s. to 92s.; inferior do., 40s. to 76». ; hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; inferior do., 26s. to 50s. ; and straw, 20s. to 38s. per load. The Weather. THE FAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending April 5, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — "The weather has been very fine and bright in all parts of the kingdom, with fairly warm days, cold nights, and very dry air. At the close of the week, however, it had become less settled, and slight rain was experienced at our western and northern stations. " The temperature has varied a good deal in dif- ferent parts of the country ; but, as a rule, it has been rather high during the daytime, and very low at night. The averages for the week were some- what above the normal value over Scotland and in the north of Ireland ; but in most other districts a slight deficit is bhowo. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded either on March 30 or April 5 over England, and on irregular dates over Ireland and Scotland, ranged from Gb° in ' Scotland, E.,' and ' England, S.W.,' and from 64° in the' Midland Counties,' to 57° in the ' Channel Islands.' The absolute minima were very low for the time of year, and occurred during the latter half of the period, when they varied from 24° in the ' Midland Counties,' to 28° over the north of England and south of Ireland. In the ' Channel Islands ' the lowest read- ing was only 41°. The ground frosts were very severe, the thermometer on the grass falling to 18° at Oxford on the night of the lst-2nd, and to 17° in London on that of the 4th-5th. " The rainfall was altogether absent until the close of the week, when slight amounts were regis- tered in the western and northern districts. " Bright sunshine has been more prevalent than for many months past, the percentage of the possible duration having ranged from 48 in ' Scotland, N.,' to between 60 and 70 in most other districts, while in ' England, S.W.,' and the ' Channel Islands," 70 and 77 percent, were recorded respectively." fBr the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. Accumulated. 1 8 i 3 a «8 m s « | S T-g " . -■ s -* ~- R \i* 3 s s 3 ', i s- | JS*| S . £ . a-s| a;f SiS- a2 "J SJ| &Jj a o£< ±•2 §1 5S 1 |3 i 3 Ii I* H Pki Ps Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. deg. Inch. 2 + 39 18 4- 67 — 76 4 — 70 15.4 48 21 ! 3 + 63 20 + 63 — 81 4 - 55 8.2 60 27 a Oav. 39 20 + «2 - 105 5 - 43 5.3 55 24 4 2 — 27 37 — 3 — 33 4 - 53 5.7 61 31 -'. 2 — 36 47 — 12 — 21 4 — 46 5.3 63 27 6 2 — 11 20 — 21 - 50 4 — 46 5.8 71 29 7 1 + 42 18 + 41 - 72 3 - ill 13.8 69 24 H Oav. 11 17 + 38 - 7-S 4 — 57 8.6 61 26 V 3 — 43 18 + 18 + 33 5 — 54 9.1 76 33 10 1 + 47 15 + 20 — 43 5 — 63 8.8 60 27 11 1 — 49 18 + 17 + 2 6 — 60 12.8 68 32 12 Oav. 311 0 + 80 — 20 5 — 5} 8.2 77 38 The districts indicated by number 1 the following : — the first colu Principal Wheat- producing Districts - I, Scotland, N. ; a, Scotland, K. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 6, Midland Counties , 6, England, S. Principal Grazing ^c. Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W.; 9, England, S.W.; in, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, s. ; 12, Channel Islands. Enquiries. " lie that qwstioiUth muck shall learn much." — BACON. Cardamine tratensis (common Cuckoo-flower). — Will any reader of the Gardeners' Chronicle kindly supply Mr. .1. Morton, surgeon, New Brompton, Kent, with a plant or two, the common single variety, as growing in woods and fields. Reciprocation is offered, and parcel-postage will be paid. Those who can supply the plant in request should kindly write first, to avoid duplicates. Notices to Correspondents. ," Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications as EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. Ampelopsis, Roses, &c. : W.W.$ Son. There is no disease, but the leaves appear as if injured by fumes — sulphur perhaps — or by the application of strong manures. Bbloian Plants : W.M. The materials employed by the Belgian nurserymen is not obtainable here ; 466 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. and the plants if they arrived at the proper season for repotting are the better if partly deprived of the soil they are in, and repotted in suitable com- posts, and in pots just large enough to take the reduced mass. Keep the plants so treated close, until rooting takes place. Plants which arrive at other times must be afforded stove or greenhouse treatment suited to their needs until potting time comes. Exposure to draughts ought to be care- fully guarded against, and also sudden changes of any kind. Warm-house plants are pushed along at great speed, and strictly greenhouse plants feel the lessened light and warmth disadvantageously on coming to us. Cedah : W. The annual growth, as seen in the shoots sent, is short and weak, indicating want of vigour, due to an unsuitable or very dry soil. Examine the roots. Eruit Houses containing Vines in Pots, Per- manent Vines, Figs, Peaches : B. Employ no shade for any of these, unless it be for bunches of black Grapes on the pot Vines, which cannot be' shaded by their own leaves, and then the bunches only, may be shaded with paper. Eunuos ox Dahlias : Adolescent. It is probably the destructive fungus, Elowers of Tan, which is over- running the plants, and which springs on beds of tanners' bark, leaves, &c. Water the bed with a solution of half a drachm of blue vitriol to a quart of water. The plants must be cleaned with a soft brush and soapy water. Gloxinias D» formed: W. T. The kind of defor- mity obseivtd is not uncommon, and in some instances that we have seen it amounts almost (o a double flower. Inverted Mcshroom : J. L. Many thanks. We have frequently figured such curiosities. London Purple : E. E. This substance is made in this country, but not sold here. Paris green may begot from some of the larger manufacturers of chemicals. Names of Fruits: D. Knight. Your specimen is an Orange ; we cannot say which variety. Names of Plants: Water Jug. Andromeda caly- culata. — W. 0. Saxifraga oppositifolia. — Aro Name (packed in small tin box). Forsythia viri- dissima, yellow- flowered shrub. — .t, King wood, Hants "Nothing Succeeds nhe Success," SOLUBLE) SECTICIDE HUGHES' m Fir Tree OIL FLORISTS AND NURSERYMEN SHOULD NOT BE WITHOUT IT. Dog and Biid Fanciers should all use it. Housewives should use it as a Disinfectant, bleacher, and Cleanser when washing Under Linen. Sold by Seedsmen and Chemists, Is. 6d., 2s. Gd., &-4s. 6d.; J gallon 7s. Old., 1 gallon Pis. Cd.. or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, Its application to Plants and Animals, sent Post free on application to the Manufacturer, addressed to E. G. HUGHES, Victoria-St., Manchester. Wholesale from all the London Seed Merchants and Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK.— Rolkek & Sons. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, &c. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials. Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD. LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK. DUBLIN.- Discount for Cash. GARDEN REQUISITES. ^ Two Pkize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, 1 s.W. each: 10sacks,12s.6rf.; IS sacks, 17s.6rf., 20sacks, 205. ; 25 sacks, 245. ; 30 sacks, 275. ; 40 sacks. 35s. ; 50 sacks. 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 305. Limited quantities of Gr., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. 6d. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. Hd. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ; BEST HROWN FIBROUS PEAT. 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s.6rf. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. tid. per bushel ; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Millwall, London. E. Bankers— Smith, rayne, iy Smiths. GISHURST COMPOUND," used "by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water; 4 to In ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is.. 3s., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, tid. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. Protect your Gardens. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over bs. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 sciuare yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials GEORGE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. Established .'00 years. LAWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" (Patent)has the largest sale in the v, arid, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent -l NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBORN and COLDWELL, M'f'o. Co., 223, Upter Thames Street, London, E.C. See large Advertisement, March 22, page 376. April 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 467 EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, 1 \d. yard ; 1 yards wide, 3d. yard ; or?\:.; 10s. per 100; I yards w..ie. 20«. per I"" yards. NEW TWINE NETTING. 1 yard wide, 2d. yard; 2 yards wide, 4 yards wide. 8d. yur.i ; 12 yards vm.i.-. 2«. yard. I CM TON NET. ninemeahea to square inch, 1 yard run. W.CdLLINCFiiKi), 127,r*ield Road, Foresl Qate, London. E. CHEAP FRAM E S. HTANNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit 1 i ■ --, i fee, from frost and blight , rnv:il. Carrng.' ptiidoniill orders over 6i. H. J. GASSON, fish Merchant, Rye, Sussex. PARISIAN BLINDS. REDUCTION IN PRICE. PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The abov eptu the Imioe for plant growing, and every one with a garden should i . I urn r.ei.t over one on i" I he of her, and the boxes are j.nt together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, oarriage paid to any station in England, ready glazed anil painted: — 6 feet long, 3 feet wide ■2 0 2 10 1 7 3 10 5 17 6 feet „ 4 feet „ I Packing 12 feet „ i feet ,, 1 Cases 6 feet „ 5 feet ,, FREE. 12 feet „ 5 feet „ I Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders (hdl I rticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. Loudon Ageut — Mr. H. SKEi-roN, Seedsman, Ac.. 2, Hollonav MADE ..f Wiin AWARDED 40 PRIZE MEDALS, W. RICHARDSON & CO.,1 a NEW EASY LAWN MOWER, j) HAS AN O P E X STEEL ROLLER. 21- inch machine with- out OrSsistct7ice. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the to to the ground, and to do fine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. There is no easier working, no better finished, no stronger, no more durable mower in the market. To be obtained through £ j -^=^iy all the leading Ironmon- V _ ^*^?^u^^^^f^y*jrr^^ gtrs and Seedsmen, or cuts 24-inch Ertsy- from the Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. , -■■■■ ggglte WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS, APPLES, fce., 1 Intl.. with eight line- of Galvanised Wire, 7d. per yard. Terminal l'ost.s, with Knidisseurs. l-'«. M. each. FOB RASPBERRIES or GOOSEBERRIES. i tee! high, four lines "f wire, U. per yard. Terminal l'osl* with Kaidii-ieiirs, **'. IV. c" !'■ ciiNTIM'ors WROUGHT-TRON ESPALIER, 11 feet high, eight wrought bars, | h diameter, 4r. per yard. COVERED WAV ESPALIER, s feef high, 5 [eel span, 95. li-'. per yard. WALL FITTINGS, Raidiseeurs, one for each w ire, 3s. per dozen. 1 i fasto,twofor 1 tch w ire, 2s. per dozen. Guiding 1 yen pnc. : [0 feet, apart, .W. per dozen. Galvanised Wire, 2s. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS lenl. .f PeaStioks, 3 f.-et high, Is. 3d. each; 1 {eel high, high, 3*. 6d. eaell. I IH IN GAKUKS STAKES .Tapaiine.l cireen. Steel high, Is. 3d. per dozen; 3 feel 8 inches high, 4s. id. per dozen; I feet high, it. 3d, per dozen; 5 feet high, 7s. :i,/. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GO Mil's, is inches wide, in li leet lengths, 2s. 3d. each ; ends, ."../ each. I'KA nit SEEIl lil'AKIlS. .ris. per do/en. GARDEN ARCHES, 1 feel high, 1 feel span, 8s. 6d. each, 1 , ,■' , 10 value. HorticulturalBuilders ... i Garden fmplemenl Manufacturers. Catalogue ■ free on application, li./. . 1. h ; 6 feet BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. Aid tor all Glass Structures that require Shading. Sold in packets, 1*. each, with fall directions for use, and may be obtain. .1 from .ill Seedsmen and Nurserymen, The public are cauti. is. imitation pack, . : ... .hove. OORRY, 80PER, JFOWLBR « CO. (Urn.). London. h... i. 468 THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE. [April 12, 1890. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Domo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold "Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping1 wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen. NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo " are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent acti >ns of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- ton & Co., Defendants, acd Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. Osman & Co., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the De- fendants for a Perpetual Injunction, restraining them from using the words "Frigi Domo" as a Trade Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, John Edgington & Co., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, SILVESTER'S patent! RENTHAM BOILER * ..I HOT-WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, ano APPAKATl'S erected complete bv HOT- WATER. HOT-AIR. &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS, NEWCASTLE, STAFF. TRY THE NEW "TENNIS" LAWN MOWER. A beautifully designed, well constructed, and almost noise- less Machine. Durable, easy to work, and eminently suitable for the Tennis Ground, and also for Ornamental Gardening. Gearing is encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are unbreakable. FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd., Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria," "Climax," "Manchester," and Roval Anglo-American Lawn Mowers. 75,000 sold since 1869. Price LISTS on application. GORTON, MANCHESTER. J^f5 To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom, or, if any difficulty is ex- perienced, direct from the Manufactory. BQULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 75.— MELON & CUCUMBER FRAMES A large stock of these always ready. Made of good red deal. They are 24 inches high at back, and 13 inches high in front, bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with iron bar across, and one handle top. and Length. Width 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by t) ft. 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ CARRIAGE paid to any goods station in England and Wales. Also to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or stations equivalent. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BoILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS. IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &e. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SONS are offering Arch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Bags, Rarha Fibre, Tobacco Paper, and Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONQFORD WIRE. IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. ANTHRACITE COAL. Universally acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purposes. For lowest quotations apply — E. T. RUSSELL and CO., 60,Wharfdale Road, King's Cross, N. Established 1846. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, And AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET. LONDON, E.G. FENCING, HURDLES, CATES, &c. --■>,.£%■ IRON ROOFINC AND HAY BARNS. 't&&*%#&.A£v Special Estimates given for Large Contracts in Fencing, Roofing, &c. Personal Surveys of Estates made, and practical advice given aa to the best and most economical Fences to put Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. 21-OZ. and 15-OZ. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS, Lead, Glass. Oil, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. few. JAS. BOYD & SONS, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, i n ei ther Wood or Iron , or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus for warming Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. BEND FOR A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRTJRY LANE. W.C. ARDEN REQUISITE S.— Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Bamboo Canes. Rustic Work. Manures, &e. Cheapest Prices of WATSON and SCULL. taken to pi< ■ e in I n i rected. References Riven to works In alt parts of the country of many Designs and Estimates Free, and Measurements taken Free of Cost. Testimonials. "SliirUirn ('a-,11.' .- mu.ir, \ l-.'U. "SIR. — As you requested my opinion of the houses which you erected for me some i years uro, I beg to inform you thai Coon aider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to many of my neighbours. — Yours truly (rigned) Macclesfield." 11 Hornby Castle, Lancaster, February, 1890. "Major FOSTEB ha-* mach pleasure in stating that the vineries and forcing houses which were erected by Mr. Helli- well in 1884, continue to give perfect satisfaction, both tohim- seli and his gardener." "Estate Office. Ripley. Yorkshire, January 2.1, ls&n. " Sir Henry Inuilbv has much pleasure in stating that the glazing work executed by you. under your patt-nt.-.I --a -t.-ui. M the Ripley Castle Gardens, has been in every respect entirely satisfactory. The work has stood its 8 years' wear and tear ex' tremely well, and has hitherto cost nothing to keep it iu repair." THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged c 4 Lines 5 „ £0 0 0 4 0 0 4 6 0 5 0 0 5 6 0 6 0 15 Lines 16 „ HELL1WELL, 9, Victoria Street, Westminster. !7 ., 18 „ 19 „ 20 „ 10 „ .. 0 6 0 21 ,, 11 „ .. 0 6 6 I 22 „ 12 „ .. 0 7 0 23 „ 13 „ . . 0 7 6 24 „ 14 „ . . 0 8 0 I 25 „ AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be If set across three Columns the lowest charge will Page. £$ ; Half Page, £1 10s. ; Column, £3. 8 6 0 0 9 6 10 0 10 6 11 0 11 6 12 0 L2 6 13 0 13 6 Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address, Is. 6d., and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTA.XT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-ojfices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements /or the current week must reach the Office by The U> All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. DOM: 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months 78. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3a. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 178. 64. for 12 Months; India and China. 19s. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRIT.Y LANK. W.C . to W. Richards. Publishino Office and ( Ifficb for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. FOR SALE, a good PLANT VAN, for Road or Kail, at a l -Tv Low price. E. rtJDQEY, Horn.- Farm. I: . I. in a Roud,Walton-on-Thunies. Surrey. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 al death and full Benefttsat £1 per annum. Hon. Kvhi.vn Ashxev, Chairman, [m ome, £250,000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2.7o(t.ottO. West En.l Office :— 8, Orand Hotel Buildings, W.C. Hi id Offl i M, I in II, Loo WILLIAM .1. VIAN. Secretary. ESTATE SALES. Ivertising Sales of Estates i THE "WORCESTER HERALD," 832 IBLISHED 1794, The Leading Couni y Paper, Extensive circulation among the upper and middle Classes in Worcestershir id counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plain and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Ita-jks, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HER U.I) " is the most effective organ forgiving publicity to am u smi ni ! ol this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Lund Achats, Kstate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD," the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Fanners. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" Is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms, SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. OFFICES : — 72. HIGH STREET. WORCESTER. New Edition, corrected up to date. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS, lly the late Sir JOSEPH Paxton, MP. Reprinted from the Gardener? Chronicle. Price 3d. ; post free :',;,/. Twenty-five copies, 6s.; 50, 10s.; 100, 20s. Parcels of not less Mum l'"> delivered carriage free in Loudon only. Not less than lou carriage paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Struud, London, W.C. THE GARDENERS' AGENCY.— Gardeners are offered the AGENCY for our CEYLON TEAS among private families. Our celebrated 2s. speciality (supplied to agents, Is. W. in bulk; Is. 6£rf. in packets, carriage paid) enables anyone selling it to add 40s. weekly to income. Samples free.— UNITED TEA GROWERS' ASSOCIATION, Union Court, London, E.C.— Name Gardeners' Chronicle. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London. W Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. ROCKERY. — A large quantity of handsome Brick Burs for Sale cheap, lor Rustic Rockery, Fernery, &c— Apply to H. I. COOPER, Bedford Brick Works, SouthtieM Road, Turuham Green, W. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. WANTED, a HEAD GARDENER. Must thoroughly understand Forcing-houses, nnd the Man- agement of Vines, Exotics, Melons, &c. Married man. without encumbrance, preferred. Good character indispensable. Also a young single man as UNDER GARDENER.— Apply, stating age, qualifications, and salary required, to J. W. K., Mrs. Money, Kingston, near Abingdon, Berks. WANTED, a good l'ROPAGATOR and QROV EB ol Berbaceous and Alpine Plants in a Nur- sery mar London. Abstainer preferred. — State Bge, wages, and experience, by letter to C. H.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, II. Wellington Street, strand, W.C. \\rANTKl>, a smart, active young Man, as T> assistant PROPAGATOR, age is to 20.— Refer- ences to W. MILES, 1G, Church Road, Hove, Sussex. WANTED, b MARKET GROWER, who has istomed to produce Xomatos and Cucumbei s In q ian1 il y, and well up in Early Forcing. Good salary an i commission.— GROWER, Cooling & Suns, Bath. \\ WTKli AT ONCE, as SECOND MAN- v v fur Hardy Herbaceous Department, a steady and ex perienced Cultivator. Wages, 31s, per week to commence with. Send full particulars oi qualifications, and length of service and position in lat>1 two situations, addressed P. barr, Long Ditton, Surrey. WANTED, an OUTSIDE MAN. Must he well up in drafting, Budding, and General Outside Work. Must have good reference State wages, age, and sulary expected, to FRANCIS JOHNSON, South Grove Nurseries, baton, Birkenhead. WANTED, a young MAN, in a Small \tn :,. i Nursery, to lake charge of the Houses. Wegi s commencing Is*. Q 1 references required. — Letters t.» BELL'S HILL NURSERY, Bernet. WANTED, a pushing, energetic MAN, to Manage Branch Niir-cry, principally Out Flowers and M.ri,. i Units. A Iso able to Graft. Wages, SlSs.— N. STROUll ami sons, Green Lanes, Finsbury Park, N. WANTED, ONE or TWO thoroughly good ii round JOBBING II iNDS at once, who also main stand Laj I mtl Llterations of New Qrounds.— J. W. SILVER, Streathom md Norburj Nurseries, S.W. WANTED, a quick active young MAN, well up in Cucumbers, and Tomatos, and used to General Nursery Work.-G. MESSER, Hyde Side Nursery, Lower Edmonton, is. Assistant in Soft-wooded Department. MESSRS. JAMES VEITOH and SONS have a VACANCY for a young MAN as above. Must have bad some experience in the Propigntion and Cultivation of all kinds of Soft- wooded Plants. — Apply by letter, stuting age, 'red, to Royal Exotic Nursery, Road. Chelsea, S.W. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Nursery under lila.ss. Active and willing to make himse f useful. Must be used to Watering and General Inside Work. Wages commencing from lis. per week. — Apply, The Nur- series, 31, High Street, Barnes, Surrey. vv Clt ANTED, a few young Men, as Im- provers, amongst Vines or Cucumbers. Wages klv progressive, according to ability. — Apply bv letter, sg particulars of last situation, &c, to P. E KAY, .■in ir \ [neyard, Finchley, N. WANTED, a Young MAN, with some kno\ • ledge of Glass Work, who is anxious to Impro' e. Wages, 1135. per week. Must be strong and obliging, anu produce good references. — WILLIAM DAY, Sandygate, Sheffield. IMPROVERS. — OPENINGS for several A YOUTHS, with excellent future prospects.— J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, East London, South Africa. 470 THE GABDENEBS' CBBONICLE. [April 12, 1890. WANTED, a Youth, about 16, as IIVIPRO\ ER, to Work in the Houses and Conservatory. One accus- tomed teabove p,ef..,n,l. Wage* 1 '■■ ..;.hy:.n. -•«, ab les. —HEAD GARDENER. Seriucot, Moreton-m-Mjrs.h, Gios. \TITANTED, a young MAN, to Work in W Houses under (he Foreman. One who has some know- ledge of Nuwrv Work under Gh,** preferred.- Apply to W. RUMSEY. Joyn ngjs Nursery. Waltham Cross. WANTED, in^rsinalTNursery, a strong "„„ YOUTH (17 or 18). with some knowledge of indoor wSrk.-A,: I ! "haVing ,».. J ,r* to GREAVES AND HAYNES, Florists. Queen's Road. Beeston, Notts. WANTED, a young MAN, used to Potting, Watering and Tying. Only those used to the work need app* *_5?f ' O^PWuC-B. Florist. Cowley H.U Road, Uxbridge. WANTED, a young MAN, for Pleasure Grounds Must be a good hand with Scythe and Machine. Ms. per week. No bothy. References required.- GARDENER, Capel Manor, Horsmonden. K WANTED, a SHOPMAN, of good expe- 1.,, ; ' the Cut Flower, Plant, and Seed Trade. Preference £ ven to one with a knowledge of Nursery Stock. 11™ apply v. ho cannot produce first-class references - FnU particularsto EDWIN HILLIER, Nurseries, Winchester. Florists. WANTED, a young LADY. Must be a good Salesman, and First-class Wreath and Bouquet „1 to Work a Branch Business Single-handed.— Age, I and references, to T. K. INGRAM, Parkstone Nurse- Dorset. ... wages. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr T Doe recently Foreman at Lockinge Garden, ' Wantage, succeeds Mr. Ellicott as Gardener to H. W. Tug well, Esq., Crowe Hall, Bath. Mb G. Jackson, for the past twelve months Foreman in the Gardens, Manor House, Ayles- bury, as Head Gardener to C. Threlfall, Esq., at the same place. Mr Thomson, for seven years Gardener to W. Raring, Esq,, Norman Court, W iltahire i as Head Gardener to C. Hoake, Esq., Bignell House, Bicester, Oxford. WANT PLACES. writers. . NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.- In many instance! Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are S » r- tn"> »■>""■■ a /GARDENER (Head). — Mr. C. Warden, IT gardener to Sir E. H. Bathurst, Bart Clarendon Park, Salisbury will '"' W™*-''1 t0 recommend his Foreman. \\ . Raynei, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good gardener. __ - ■ r^ARDENER (Head) ; age~34, married, one VT child -Lady recommends Gardener (Head Working). Gardening in all branches Land and Stock if required. Good referee Ices. - GARDENER, I, Albert Villas, Kings Road, Kingston, Surrey. ARDENER (Head).— Married ; twenty-six years' practical experience in all branches. Thorough knowledge of Land and Stoo. Left last s,t uat i"» /''IT^' death uf employer. First-class testimouials.-J. LRAHHK, CoombeWocnlNurrfry, Kingston Hill, Surrey. r\ ARDENER (Head), where three or mure \JT are kept.-Age 38. married; eighteen years' expe- rience in all branches of Gardening, Land and Stock if required. F,rst class references.-G., -18. Vernon Street. West Kensing- ton, W. . GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept- a«e 2H, single at present— Mr. C. Gibson, Morden ParkPGardens, near llitcham . wili be pleased to recom- mend his Foreman, G. Cook as above -; he has been here five aud a half Jyears, and is a reliable and industrious man. GA ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married.— A X Gentleman washes to recommend Ins Head Gardener who hasbeen with him twelve years. Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Has had several men under him , coma rnana-e Land and Stock if required.-T. H„ Eton House, Bell Street", Henley-on-Thames. GARDENER (Head) ; age 32, married, no family -Mr. J. S. Moss wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman, w;ho for the last "e years ha* had charge of Orchids, Plant and Fruit Hou.es, Flower 'and .Kitchen Garden, and Park; excellen el,;,..,, i,t. State wkges.&e.-^. SMrrH, Winter's HiljIB^WsWal^am. GALiDENER (Head)— Age 31; Sixteen years' experience in six Nobleman*; places, including Enville Park. Brocklesby Park. Denton Hall. &c. Seven years as Foreman. Highest testimonials i past and pie- sent situations.-A. C. PIPER, B.cton Gardens. Bndleigh, Salterton, Devon. . GARDENER (Head); age 31, married one Child. - ALFRED 0. WALKKH, Esq Ni.lity Glyu Colwyu Bay, would be pleased to recommein i . To any L-iy. Nobleman, or Gentleman requiring . ««^ practical man for the well keeping of good Garde,,— DAVIES, 10, Belgrave Street, Chester. ^ / y UtDENER (Tikad); middle-aged, married, \J n0 encumbrance.— A Head Gardener experienced in Management of Large Establishments, seek* re-engagou,,.,,, Hatfield Road, St. Albans. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family thoroughly practical n, all branch.'-, six l.u lau. j . ...,«. ,,1'O'e -Geutl'llial, 111 London. years per*oual character last place utnu T. R.. 6. East Park Cottages, Crawley, Sussex, ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.-Mr. Carlton, Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Hdlmgdon Wilderncsse, Sec, ,,..■„.,• confidence recommend a Gardener as above.-Addre*- a ARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept. -Married, one daughter (age 14); . tvfi, r«- ' experience. Good character. Leaving throl^:. ::,:"/V:^--''^K TI~KEIi *M> Rectory, Frome. Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. T ITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queens Li Nurserymen and Seedsmen. Carlisle invite ^"espondeuce with Landed Proprietor*. Agent*, and o »'r ^ ,,'Vl rFKS eervicesof GARDENERS. luKESTERS. audi' ARM BAILUFS. TI ■ ex ' -.v.' business relations throughout the Kingdom eilaure them to distinguish men of good character and ability, such as they would be glad to recommend. JOHN R BOX'S Register includes several pra tical and well-experienced HEAD GARDENERS of good character, whom he can introduce to Employers.-East Surrey Seed Warehouse, Croydon. 13 I C H A R D SMI T H a~nd C O. ■Li beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations and that t e • will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with pScnlars, &c.-St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I can recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and first-class character. I have also several YOMS MEN requiring situations in first-c a-* V^ ^ Gardener* please apply for particulars.-THOS. BUTCHER. Seed Merchant, Croydon. GARDENER (Head). -Age 26 ; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Stove and Green- house Plants, Kitchen and Floyver Gardens, &c— H. COX, :efield, Chepsto' GARDENER (Head Working), where one or two are kept, or good SECND.-Age 27, married when suited; experienced in all branchea-Q., M. Abinger Road west, New Cross, S.E. __^ G" AIIDENER7 (Head), or good Single- HANDED.-Well-up in all branches. Good character and references.-A. M., 10, Park Villas, Richmond, Surrey, West. GARDENER (Head), or good Single- handed.— Age 33, married, small family; first-class Grower of all Choice Fruits, Cut Flowers. Stove and Greenhouse Plants, .Vegetables, Sec. Three years character. — W . HOWARD, 5S. Gladys Terrace, Willesden Green, N.W . GARDENER (Head), where- two or three are kept, or good Single-handed ; age 23, married.— F W. Russell. Gardener to E. T. Doxat. Esq., W oodgreeu Park Oheihunt, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly reliable young man in the above capacity. Two years in present and three in previous situa- tions.—For full particulars please address as above. _ GAR] >ENER,or GARDENER and BAILIFF. -James Keeling, for nine years Head Gardener to the late David Ward. Esq., J.P.. Mount > lew, Sheffield, is open to engage with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly efficient man in all branches.-Address as above. ARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garstou, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full particulars on application to the Company. GARDENER (Foreman), in Houses, where four or five are kept.-Thirteen years' experience both Outside and In. - A. McMASTER, 4, Beauchamp Road, Twickenham, Middlesex. aIhTenI^Cw^61^**'0 are kept.— Age^ 25, single ; disengaged. Good personal character.— G. C , 20. Glen Vue. East Gnns'.ead, Sussex. GARDENER, where one or two are kept.- Age 27. married, one child (age 3}); thoroughly expe- rienced. Good character.— P., Mrs. Hauatt, Church Street, GARDENER.— Age 31, single; practical; sixteen years' experience. Can be well recommended. — W. D., Mr. Watts, Kingston, near Abingdon. Berk*. GARDENER; age 28, married, one child.-- The Rev. T. G. P. HOUGH, Ham Vicarage. Richmond, Surrey, wishes strongly to recommend a man asabjve. Mr. Hough has known him all his life, and can certify as to his being strictly sober, honest, well-principled, and hard- working He is in all branches of his business a good and skilful practical Gardener. Mr. Hough will be glad to answer any enquiries respecting his character and long service yvitn a Gentleman who sincerely regrets parting with him. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 21* ; good experience and references. —A. B., \V. Bowyer, Buckland, Reigate, Surrey. , GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 34, married, no family; thoroughly practical, total ab- stainer, good references ; stale wages.-.!. F., 4, Rowland Grove, Well* Road, Upper Sydenham, S.E. ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 26, married when suited j twelve years' experience in r Fruit, and Kitchen Gardens. -J. BANT, Blankney G GARDENER (Head) ; age 33, married.— £5 will be paid to anyone procuring Advertiser a good situation, where not less than three are kept. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Excellent testimonials.— C, 4, Hiudmau's Road. East Dulwich, London. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 34, mirried one cluld (aga 7); thoroughly competent in ,11 branches of Gardening; nlso Land and Sto-k. Wages expected. "S.! ^ with house'. F.rst-clas* , haracter.-A. B.. 30, Anderson's Road, Southampton. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27; thirteen years' practical experience in all Early and Late Forcing of Fruits Orchids. Stoic and Greenhouse pan,-. &c Flower and K.tc i Garden. Highest references.-W .S., 55, Priory Road, South Park, Reigate, Surrey. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.-Age 32, married ; understands Vines Melons Cucumbers, Stove and Greenhouse plants Kitchen Garden, and general routine. Five years in present situation.-C. S„ Sherrards, Welwyn, Herts. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married,, diild; abstainer. Thoroughly experienced in all branches including Orchids; can also Grow lor Market purposes. Excellent testimonials and references. - WM. SMITH, 18. Bedford Road, Birkdale, Lancashire. GARDENER (Head Working); age 32, married -A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener who ha* been with him six years, to any Lady -■Gentleman r. imnie- the services of a thorough pr .1 cal man L-uc! and Stock ,f requiret.-J. C, 2, Weston Cottages, Pembroke Road, New Southgate, N. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are kept —Age 40, married, no family ; fourteen vears in last place. Excellent character and testimonials. Country preferred. -T. B„ Blackwoter, Hants, ARDENER (Head Working), where two are kept, or good single-handed.— Age 30, married when suited ; UndcV*la.„ls Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Vine* Melons, Peaches, Cucumbers, and Tomatos Highly recommended. Eleven years' good character.-A. B. C, 4, Bomefield Terrace, Ore, Hastings, Sussex. GARDENER (Single-handed) ; married.— A Gentleman giving up his place can highly recom- mend his Gardener. Thoroughly experienced in all branches. — W. GOODWIN. 33, Somervillcr Road, Penge. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise—Single; thoroughly understands Greenhouses, Vines Cucumber*, Melon* ; also Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Gardens Good references. - P. F., 4, Prospect Place, Twickenham. G \RDENER (Single-handed), or SECOND. ■e 27 married ; two years' good character m present W. B., 10, Coningsby Road, Ealing. 0^ ARDENER (Single-handed), or Second T where three or more are kept.-Age 2a, single; twelve years' experience"; twoyarsand eight month*' good character. — C. FAULKNER, Upper Common, Stapleheld, near Crawley, Sussex. . . . GARDENER (Second), in good establish- ment.-Age 25. single; good references.-A. BONNER, Eashing, Godalming, Surrey. GARDENER (Second), where four or more ...,. iteot —Age 23; nine years' experience Inside and Out Four years' good character.-A'. B.. 158, Rommany Road. West Norwood, S.E. GARDENER (Second or Third).— Age 23 ; eiffht vears' experience; Inside and Out preferred. Good sharactef.-G. W. ELSOS, The Gardens. Randall's Park, Leatherhead, Surrey. GARDENER (Under).— Three and a half years in last situation.-H. E„ East Sutton, Staplehurst. GARDENER (Under), where he would b able to Improve himself.— Age 22 ; good references. H. PRESTNEY, Hollydale, Keston, Kent. April 12, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 471 GARDENER (Under), where more are kept. — Age 24; five years in last situation. Near London preferred.— C. COWLING. Birdsale Grange, York. ARDENER (Under), Inside and Out.— Age 23; seven years' experience. Good character. — J. PORTER, New Houses. Breadsall, Derby. p ARDENER (Under), Inside preferred.— V_X Age 19 ; five and a half years' good character.— F. GAR- DENER, The Ilu-h. Walton-on-Thames? ARDENER (Under), where two" or three are kept.— Age 20 ; good experience Outside; tall, steady, strong, and willing. Three and a half ] - aaracter.— G. GINN, Downe, Farnborough, Kent. ARDENER (Under) Inside and Out.— Age 18 ; four years' experience. Two and a half excel- lent character from present situation,— G. TRUSLER, Row- ledge, Farnham, Surrey. ARDEXKIt (U.vdku) ; age 20. A Gextlk- man who La leaving hia present residen e, wishes to recommend a young Mitn as above. He has been in h for the last three years, and is thoroughly respectable, sober, tnd willing.— F. H. BAKNBTT, Esq., Williamscote, Banbury. GARDENER, FOREMAN, or Second, in good establishment ; age 25.— J. SMYTHE. The Gar- dens, Undercliffe. Sunderland, would be pleased to recommend a young man as above. Has lived here two years. Thirteen "1 all-round experien, e, FOREMAN, in good Private Establishment- Age 28; good references. Twelve jears' experience. - R. BILLINGHAM. 88, Langdon Road, Upper Hollow-ay. N. FOREMAN, in the Houses. — Age 25 ; eleven vears' practical experience. Highlv recommended. — FREDERICK STUBBS. Ballywalter Park. CO. Down. FOREMAN. — Age 27, single ; ten years" ex- perience in all branches. Eighteen months' excellent character.— J. B., 12, Upcern, I I i. s.w. FOREMAN, in the Houses, where others are kept Inside.— Age 31. Vines, Pin, i Highly recommended.— G. DOVEY, Hurley, Ringwood, Han!-. FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 28; four- teen Early and (Late Forcing.— A. BULL, Th. i, Hall. Lincoln. FOREMAN, in (iood Establishment.— Age 24 ■ two years I recommended by | HARRY FOX. Col FOREMAN, in the Houses.— Age 23; nine cperience. .Mr. Rooke, Fernbill, B trod voung man us above. OREMAN, in Good Establishment.— A g. 25 \ two years' presenl place .1- aboi Ho rard, York 1 ih Park, Hereford , 01 Bi I FORKMA \, Inside.— Age 28; 1 experience In first-class establishment 1 1 o» 1 1 Blenheim Pal testimonials.- MII.Kl T»X. .lam,. Backhous FOREMAN, in the Souses, in a Private Esl ib ishmeol ■ Beds. " l^oi; KM AN, in the Houses, Age 27; A thoroughly experien I. Late Foreman ft threeyearsal Beasborough Court, Cork Having I id of a large stuff of men and [200 fi ,1.1. 1 Bxning, Suffolk. To Nurserymen. FOREM \ N 1 Working i. where expei i required in Grape, 1 ,i ,-; .,„, Growing, 1 ■■' 1 :■■■■. . tec W. X . Gardener!' Chronicle Office, II, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. OREMAN and GROWER, in Market Nur- sery.— Age 54; well up in Growing all kinds of Pol Pint, Is mid ('ill I 0. 11.. Homesdale Nursery, Home d FOREMAN,! lutdoor, 01 g 1 Sinolb-handbd, where help is given. Age 87, single; I :n stove. Greenhouse, Kitchen and 1 lowei Qai Large Establishments. Highesl references, F. HARMER, Weston, Stevenage, Herl FOREMAN, or Second, Inside or Out.— Age 28; eight years' experience. Total abstainer, Good references,- W. 1: . is. Prospet t Roid, Sydenham, S.E. FOREMAN, or FIRST JOURNEYMAN, in the Hi its' experience m Stove and nhoiise I'll,,, is, \ s. and Orchard Houses, Good character. — H, WOODS, The Gardens, Haverland Hall, Norwich. FOREMAN, ..■■ Second.— Age 20; well up in all brum li is, Eleven years' t estab- l tab cents. Good references.— F. BLUNT, Wellbury, Hi'chin, FOREMAN, or Second. — Age 24; ten years' experience; goo.t references.— H. DEAVILLE, King's Bromley Manor, Lichfield. FOREMAN PROPAGATOR and GROWER. —Age 31, married. Grapes, Peaches. Cucumbers, To- matos, Hants and Cut Flowers, for Market or Private pur- poses.— A. S., 35. Grove Rest, Watford. Herts. ROSE GROWER. — Age 39, married"; thoroughly experienced in Forcing for Market purposes. Successful Propagator, Builder, and Grafter. Good references. —J. C. H„ 29, Lower Glen Vue. East Grinstead, Sussex. GROWER, in the II uses. — Young ; under- stands Vines, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Roses, and Plant Growing generally. Small place preferred. Good character.— HORTl'S. Mr. Mitchell. Hoddesdon. Herts. RCHID GROWER, or Second in a Large Collection; age 26. — James C'vphkr begs to recom- mend a man as above. Thoroughly steady, painstaking, and obliging.— TOWNSEND, Queen's Road Nurseries, Cheltenham. JOURNEYMAN (First), in the Houses.— Age 23 ; seven years' experience, partly in the Midlands. Excellent recommendations.— H. SXELL, I'ptou St. Mary Church. Torquay. JOURNEYMAN (First), or otherwise.— Mrs. iJ.u bi ah-. Eastington, Cirencester, strongly recom- mends a young man as above. Trained in Large Gardens; Kitchen, and Flower Gardens. Sev, Character. — S. NEWLi.Xli. 4. Grandisoii lload. Wands- worth. S.W. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in good establishment, or FOREMAN in Smaller one.— Seven years' experience Inside. Can be well recommended.— G. C, 81, Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury. J i H.'RNEYMAN, where two or three an- kept, kge .1; two years' good character. — J. SWAIN, Suuiiingdale. near Ascot, Berks. OURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 20 ; -'* ter. Bothy preferred.— H. SILK, Whiteness gardens. Margate. J'ti liNEYMAN] r; the Souses. — Age 22; six :■ Housework, St. Mary Church. Tor , lay. J< >t ' RM . Y MAN, in Private Establishment.— three i ; good refere ice. — T. ROBrNSON, n ■ Strei ■ G u -,,.. I „ rley, Uncashi Jiil RNEYMAN, under Foreman; age 21. nt | Jul i:\IA MA. \, in the Houses; age 22 w- I ' H. Leeds, Esq . woul i be ■ i recommend n thoroughly reliable youmr man u- BATH, li.. Pri i it. JOURNEYMAN, Tn the Houses ; age 22.— •'• Tl I ton Park, Peterborough, can high] r i Gardeners ste idy it I ive auditidu.tr JOURNEj M \N. Age 21; seven years' ex- ■ ■• four inside and three out, Well recommended 1 i v.. I, Whitbread Terrace, Hatfield i: J | 't RNE1 M \N, .;, the Houses. \-f 2] \ six yi Can be ivell I mmended i VINCENT, Pelthorpe near Norwich. J "I l;\Ki MAN, in the Houses; age W. 0, Mayo - "i itron mm o i an active, useful Ipply, i lie G irdens, Rod J "i i:\IA\IW, in the Houses in Market '•' m Ing Bstabl eleven year ■ ii. M ins,,-,, ,, Green, DroH wich. JOURNEYMAN, Inside.— Age 21 ; g^od knowledge of Sof I wooded Stuff. Experience in Market ■"'■I Pri! it I ■ ,.)!, hi refer,-, „-,.,. X.-.ir I„„„l„,i pri ferred. EUREKA, Mr. v,t, i„-n, Ii.,dd.-»,|,,„. n,.,is. J 01 RNEXMAN, in a good Establishment ; 32, William Hebke, Hanbury Hall, Droitwlch — strongly recommend ans live pushing young man, with ■ years expt J1 'I KM.1 M \.n, in the Houses. -Age 20 • five years' good refer .r,.-,,i.-, .. Nursery, Baal Grinstead, Sussex, ALFRED JENKS.Bramley JOURNEYMAN, in a good l'rivate EstatiTish- rl m. -nt. i„ and Outdoor experie preferred, but would not Dbjjecl to lis being entirely Outdoors.— Age ■'! • seven years in present situation. -S. GALLOP, Pollution- Gardens Exeter. JOURNEYMAN (Second or First), under Foreman, in larg, , i M I nl . -Three years as Second in l.ist„l,,,l,uu.-W. H.S.. 41, Wellington Street, Strand. London, W.C. JOURN E YMAN (Second), in the Houses, or otherwise, in a good establishment.— Age 20; good Character.— JOHN DEAR. -1, Pond Square, Highgate, N. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, or Second where *.t three or four are kept.-Age 24; six years' good character. Bothy preferred. -WILLIAM THORNTON. Dan- bury Palace, Chelm-sford, Essex. JOURNEYMAN and IMPROVER, in a good «-* place.— Age 20; eight years' experience and character. Premium.— MARCUS CREWS, 13, Westgate Street, Taunton. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, in the ~f_ Houses.— Age 19 ; excellent character. Bothy. — J. SARGENT, 1, Napier Cottage. Hanger Hill, Ealiog. I M I'ROVER, in Houses preferred.— Age 18 ; JL four years' experience in General Nurserv Work.— J. \\ OollCt ICK. Hose Cottage Nursery, Canterbury. JMPROVER, Indoors. — Age 22 ; abstainer. J- Potting, Watering, Tying, ami general Indoor Work.— C. B . Home Glen, King's Road, Kingston-on-Thames. JMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a -*- Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20; live years' good character F. SIMMl.XDS. Cluthurst, near Peterslield. Hants. JMPROVER, Inside and Out.— Age 20; five -*- years' excellent character and experience.— C LONDON Swallowfield, Heading. JMPROVER, in Gentleman's Gardens.— Age 18 ; ^-n^rl *!,"d .a holf years' good character. — ALFRED llRRELL, Swallowfield, Reading. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in a Good Estab- J- lishment.— Age 22; strong, active, and willing. Five years good character. Bothy preferred.— W. BAI.InH'K Sissinghurst Castle. Cranbrook. JMPROVER. —Age 20; three years in last -•-situation. Best reference. NurS'ry or Private. Used to work, and willing. — W., Bennellick, Dean Street, Crediton, JMPROVER; age 18.— Advertiser wishes to -*- communicate with a Nobleman or Gentleman's Gar- dener to place a Young Man with good character in rirst-cl-'ss e-t. it, lishment as Improver. — H. IIACKWELL. Stanford \\ orcester, 1VURSERY, Indoor.— Age 21 ; well up in i-* Plant Growing and Propagating generally Five years' character. -W. HARTLEY, Woodland.. iJnarry Hill Tollbridge. ^0 NURSERYMEN— Situation wanted, in Nursery, or .lobbing, fill up time Inside if permanent ployment. Alt 31, married ; abstainer. Good character —A., 11, North Road, Highgate, N. rp< i NURSERYMEN— Advertiser (age 80, * ' tainer); well up in all kinds of Market Plants and Cut Hl.iom. T, .mil,, s, fi,, ■unibers. Mushrooms, and Plants in g' '"'nil I \\ i N X. It), Cherrj Street, York. ' fO II EAD GARDENERS or FLORISTS.- Aliilli K W. Major would have pleasure in recommend- ing Man (age 19), who lias been hi his employ ,«,t, verj stead j and Indu - ' Stat ing The Xur Oundle. yO GARDENERS, &o.— Wanted situation in *- " Gentleman's Garden by a young num. Two years' experience. Age ls.-E. iioAli, Mr. K. Saxby, Weeterham, TO MARKET NURSERYMEN.— Wanted, sitiiiiliiin iii a Market Nursery, where Fruit is a SI g, hardworking. Good character. Age. 19.— I. K.. \t:.*rd,i,trs Chronicle (illiee, 11, Wellington Street Strand, W.O. COW MAN. -Single; used to Jersey Cows, Pigs, fee. No objection to help in Garden. Two and a half years character.— GARDNER, jun., Blossomfield. Solihull. OUSE and ESTATE CARPENTER, to do nil General Repairs ret|iiin„l on Farms, Cottages Hollio, and K 1,-iic.-. by all round, handy man —Married ■ good references.— B. CLARK, Brooklands, Bletchlay, ANTED, GREENHOUSE FIXING, (Piecework), by an experienced Hand. Good refer- I.. SCHAGHT, 6, Alexandra SI reet, Tottenham, N. vv SIH M'MAN.— Age 24; good knowledge of the Trad nil bran .li.'s. Hood reference. MENTHA, Gar- deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Florists. MANAGERESS, and First Hand. — Good Saleswoman; ten years in last place. Highest refer- ences. Write, B., :«, Elm Grove. Hammersmith, W. FLORIST.— Situation Wanted, by experienced hand (Lady). — H., Karlesden Nurseries, St. Marv'a ROad, II irlesden, N.W. TO FLORISTS.— A young Lady seeks a re- engngement in the above. West-End experience. Good references.— P. I. K.. 66, Abingdon Villas, Earl's Court, W. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— A frequent cause of gout and rheumatism is the inflam- matory state of the blood, attended with bad digestion and general ,l,l„lilv. A lew doses of the Pills taken in time are an effectual preventive against gout anil rheumatism. Anyone who has an attack of either should use Holloway's Ointment als,,, the powerful action of which, combined with the opera- fcion el tie- Pills, must infallibly effect a cure. These Pills act directly on the blood, which they purify and improve Having mice subdued the severity (f these diseases, persever- ance with the Ointment, after fomenting the affected joints with warm brine, will speedily relax all stiffness, and prevent any permanent contraction. 472 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE, [April 12, 1890. .Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of JOHN BLAKE'S PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS, For liaising Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms, &c. No Cos( for Motive Poiver, which is obtained from the Stream of Water passing through the Ram. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED. MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 200,000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 Feet. SPECIAL RAMS for HIGH FALLS to send up to Two Gallons out of every Five Gallons passing through them. Fig. B. This Ram, whilst worked by a stream of impure water, will pump clean water from a well or spring. Tins View represents Fig. A Earn forcing up a part of the same water that works it, which is supplied from a spring. Special Rams of A make can be supplied to force to a height of 800 feet. TESTIMONIALS. From Mr. THOMAS VARLEY, Agent to the Trustees of the tatc William Roundell, Esq., Gledstone Estate, West Marlon, Skipton, August 11, 1887. " Dear Sir,— The Patent Hydraulic Ram you fixed five years ago on this estate is still working as well as it did in 950 yards of iron pipe, and forces up an abundant supply to an underground tank on the hill at a distance of then gravitate.) through several pipes and branches, having a total length of about four West Marton, and several farms. There are five fire-plugs inside the mansion, and seve: over the house in case of fire. As there is still a considerable overflow from the uudergi for other farms. I have much pleasure in being able to report as above." for the supply of th outside; and as the undergro and reservoir running to wast the day it started. It is driven by spring water carried along the hillside les from, and at an elevation of 280 feet above the Ram. The water is , gardens, stables, estate workshop, and steam boiler, the village of (1 reservoir is 70 feet above the mansion, seven jets of water can be throw u I intend to form a second reservoir at a lower level, and utilize the water From C. PAGE WOOD, Esq., Wakes Hall, Wakes Colnc, Essex, Januanj 11, 1889. only sixpence in repairs (for a new stud my blacksmith made); the second Ram you put ; the third and largest Ram you put down two months ago, which is for the supply of water up more water 'than you guarantted. From inquiries I have made from friends who have Rams of other makers, I am convincetf of" "thJ'supVr'ionty ut'yuii7s,Tnd"'my thfrd order' is a proof of my good opinion. My abundant water supply is the greatest possible comfort to me. " Sir,— In reply to your inquiry, the Hydraulic Ram you put down for me in 1834 has cost i down to supply an off-hand farm, has been running three years, and has cost not a penny for repai to my neighbours, is running satisfactorily. All three Rams th From MATTHIAS SMITH, Esq., Hill Top Hall, Pannal, near Leeds, January 14, 1889. " DEAR Sir.— I have great pleasure in bearing testimony to the marvellous efficiency of the Ram you fixed here in January. 1S8S. It is worked by spring water of irregular volume, the dry- weather How being 6 pints per minute, with « hich quantity you promised to work the Ram. forcing through 330 yards of delivery pipe to an elevation of fully 144 feet, bat out of 5J pints per minute lr.r. « ilium i.-r day are sent up : and out of 2 gallons per minute now flowing through the Ram, 540 gallons per day are delivered at the same height. Considering the extremely small ,iii uilit'v of dnvui" water,' I certainly did not expect so grand a result. With every wish that you may get the reward you deserve— I am, dear Sir, yours faithfully, H ' " • ' .. MATTHIAS SMITH." From Mr. HENRY ROBINSON, Engineer to the Stockport District Waterworks Company, September 8, 1883. i the quantity you promised they in driving them is not equal To •' Dear Sir.— I can now report well of the two Hydraulic Rams we have fixed to your instructions for the supply of Disley Village. 40.000 gallons per day i would force to a'height of 63 feet, but on testing them I am convinced that Sli.nOij gallons is not the limit of their power, whilst the quantity of waste water u half the capacity of the li-inch pipe by which they are fed, and lam inclined to the belief that a more simple and efficient pump cannot be found:' From J. A. RUTHERFORD, Agent to C. F. II. Bolckoiv, Esq., Estate Office, Marion Hall, Middlesbrough, September 26, 1883. " Dear Sir —I am glad to say that the Rams you put down on the Hambledon Estate for Mr. C. F. H. Bolckow are working very well. You undertook, with 16 gallons per minute, to send up 1500 gallons a dav and with enough water to work the Rams at full power. 2000 gallons a day. With a supply of 11 ] gallons per minute they are lifting 22un gallons, and when working full power 3105 gallons per day are sent up to a height of nearly 400 feet. They made a clear start, and have gone well since." (The delivery pipe in the above case is 9000 feet in length.) From CAPTAIN TOWNSEND, Wineham, February 10, 1877. " In answer to your inquiry I am glad to say the Hydraulic Ram you sent me in November, 1875, is working exceedingly well, and gives no trouble. It will work when quite immersed, as it has been several times during the Hoods this winter, forcing up water through a delivery pipe 900 yards long, at the rate of 80,000 gallons per day, although you only promised 50,000." JOHN BLAKE, hydraulic encineer, ACCRINGTON. LANCASHIRE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor ;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the OIBce of Messrs. BRADBURY, Aqsew. & Co., Lombard Street. Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, April 12, 1890. Agent fer Manchester— John Hevwood. Established 1841 No. 2573. No. 173.— Vol. VII. {&£,"} SATUEDAY, APEIL 19, 1890. /Kegt. as a Newspaper, f PRICE 3d. \WITH SUPPLEMENT.! POST-FREE, tyd. CONTENTS. Acer platanoides 491 , Kew Bulletin Anemone fulgens in Scilly 493 Linnean Society Apiary, the 485 Lisianthus Auricula, the 481 Menttnore Begonias, tuberous ... 492 Narcissus, history of cul- Berlin Exhibition ... 489 , tivated ... '. Botanical Magazine ... 490 Olearia lyrata Budding, rapid 493 I Orchid houses, the Celery Standard-Bearer .. 492 ,, notes Colonial notes 480 Orchids at Bridgen Place Cyrtsnthus pallidun ... 49o ,, at The Kilns, Fal- Daflodil Conference 488,493 kirk Pine seeds, edible Plants and their culture Primula festival, the ... Sesjkale, large crown of... Societies- Birmingham Edinburgh Botanical,., Orchideenne Royal Horticultural ... 492 Stock-taking. Marco ... 490 Tomato Conference 188 United Horticultural Pro- IM ridentSociety 482 Variation, vagaries of ... Weather and crop, of 490 ' 1889 at.. Florists' flowers Flower garden Fogs and plants Fritillaria acmopetala .. Hollyhock, the Horticultural Club James', Mr. J., nursery Kcw ami Colonial ap pointments Illustrations. Mentmore, views at. (Supplement, and p. 488.) Narcissus Glory of Leyden .. Johnston! ,. Macleal ., Madame de Qraatl ,. sir Watkin .. Tazetta ,, TiiandrnsTar. pulchellua ROYAL 1! O T A X I C SOCIETY, Qaidens, Regent's Park, N.W. SECOND EXHIBITION uf SPRING FLOWERS, WEDNESDAY, April 23. Hates open it2o'01ock. The Band will play (ram 2 Tickets, to be obtained at the Gardens only trj from Eellowe of the Society, 2s. 6d. each. It Y S T A L PALACE. GREAT SUMMER EXHIBITION ol PLANTS and FLOWERS, SATURDAY, May 10. Close on May 3. Forms and Schedules poal fre. on application to Mr. W. G, HEAD, Superintendenl Department, try-tal Palace. S.E. ROYAL AQUAltlUM, Westminster. SECOND iPHISQ EXHIBITION. TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. April 28 an.l 80. AURICULAS, POLYANTHUS, CLIVIAS. be. Scbeduli ..i WILLIAM HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackuey. London. I>OYAL BOTANICAL and HORTI- t CULTURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. SPRING FLOWER SHOW in the Town Hall. Manchester, on TUESDAY, the 38th inst. National Auricula Society's Show (Northern Division I, on the same day. The GRAND NA1TONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION of 1880 will open on MAY 23. Schedules may be had from the undersigned— BRUCE FINDLAY, Botanic Gardens, Manchester. ICHMOND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. The SUMMER SHOW will be held in the Old Deer Park, Richmond, on WEDNESDAY, June 25, 1890. For Schedules, and all particulars, please apply to 22, George Street, Richmond. J' H' F0RD' "°°- Sec. rP It E N T II A M HOltTICUL T U It A L -L SOCIETY. GREAT FRUIT and ROSE SHOW will be held in Trentham Gardens, on JULY' 10, 1890, upwards of £80 given in Prizes for Cut Rose.. Collections of Fruit (nine varieties), £H, aDd Special value, £5 ; 2nd, £6; 3rd, £3. Six varieties JEI, £2, and £1 Prizes amounting to nearly TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY POUNDS are given. Schedules now ready, post free, JOHN TAYLOR, Hon. Sec New Chrysanthemums for 1890. JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Roval Seedsmen bv Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238, High Holborn, London, W.C. A.RNATIONS.— Goldfinder, the~best~ hardy yellow ground variety; also Goliltinder's Mate, sport from above, with more colour. Strong plants from open ground, price 9s. per dozen, free for cash with order. Old Crimson Clove, Hs. per dozen, free good plants. Trade prices on application. W. H. DIVERS, Ketton Hall, Stamford. ALPINES and IIAKHY HEKli.U'El >l'S PLANTS.— Catalogue T2 paget. illustrated with descrip- tive and cultural notes, '.iii each. 100 Saxifrages, 100 sorts, 25j. ; 100 Rook Plants in 100 sorts. 25s. STANSFIELD BROTHERS. Southport. AGNIFICENT SPECIMEN PALMS, One of the finest Collections in England. Comprising I.ATANIA BOBBONICA, from 3 to 8 feet. KE.NTIAS. in variety, from 2 to 10 feet. ARECAS. in variety, from 4 to 7 feet. COCOS, Campestris and Flazuosa, from tj to 10 feet. CORYI'HA AUSTRALIS, from 3 to 6 feat. Can be see,, ,it the Nurseries of— S. DIXON AND CO , Ant..,, Street, Anilinrst Road. Hackuey, E. Grape \lnes. WM. PAUL and St IN have still a fine Stock of well ripened, short-jointed Canes, of all leading varieties. Fruiting. each; Planting, Si, tW. to 5s, e.i. h. Paul's nurseries, Walth im Cross, Herts. V I ST I IN ROBERTS is prepared to CX RECEIVE - 7EBS for Dbposal il bi I Muriel Prices, Qui k sale-, prompt returns, and Weekl) Settlement.. Good refei Boxes and labels sui 26, Russell Court. Catherine Street. Strand. I Ion. W.C. CHAS. COOPER and ( ( )., Wholesale Florists, Bedfordbury, Coven t Garden, are open to Baeaira Consign- ments Of Choice Cut Flowers for their Commission Dspartmi at, ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nursery Mk\. B . L'Ht), 287, 288, Flower Murk. I . t'ovent Garden, London, W.C., are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of «'i err FLOWERS in any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxeaand Uit.eis supplied. Telegraphic A, hires, "COMMISSION, Sui, up.'1 JW. I.AUN1IAM Receives on Commission, • GRU'KS, TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS; also ILoU'KRS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden. W.C. pUT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS KJ Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Gnrden of the North, by WM. BUXMAN, Produce Auctioneer, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Telegraphic Address—" HULMAN, Newcastle-on-Tyne." Established 16 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C, will be pleased to receive for Sale on Commission, Consignments of really Choice Cut FLOWERS, FRUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Hankers— London and County Rank. Telegraphic Address-" BOUVARDIA, London." HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT — Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES. Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, DWARF ROSES, General Jacqueminot, Louise van Houtte, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Teck, Senator Vaitte, and Souvenir d'un Amie.— TODMNGTON OBCHABD COMPANY. Winchcombe, Glou- cestershire. ANTED, Large PALMS, DRACAENAS, CROTONS. ASPEDISTRAS. AZALEAS. ASPARA- GUS TENUISSIMUS, and A. PLUMOSUS NANUS, for Cash or EXCHANGE. — Apply. MANAGER, Peacock Nurseries, Great Church Lane, Hammersmith, W. SUTTON'S LAWN GRASS SEEDS for making new or improving old Garden Lawns, Tennis Grounds, Bowling Greens, Cricket Grounds, &c. A far better and more enduring sward can be obtained by sowing these seeds than from turves. G. T. Todd, Esq., Craiglarach, says :— " Two Tennis Courts sown with your Grass Seeds are the best in the neighbourhood." Price of Sutton's Grass Seeds for Lawns, &c, 3s. 6d. per gallon, 25s. per bushel. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON and SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. Deep Dark Double Crimson PRIMROSE (Rare Old) for Sale, 6s. per dozen. Stamped correspondence invited. Note address. Cash with order, J. T. GREIG. Sunnyside, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. ^0 000 LOBELIA, Emperor William, »7V/^WV warranted true from cuttings. JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. 6rf. per 100, 20s. per 1000, for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery, Walthamstow, E. ITOR- : SALE, 100 large Plants of Double -I- PRIMULA, in No. 24 pots. C. RADFORD, Effingham Nursery, Lee, Kent, S.E. GREEN AUCUBAS, Berried plants, 1 to 2 feet high, 15s. to 24s. per d. orders lire solicited. JOHN STANDISH AND CO., Ascot. Km.' lill'1- Earfy CITEKI! OUCIlIliS, CHEAP.— Thousands ► ' l.i -elect from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The Loudon Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London. \V. f'OR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS, in 3-inoh pots, ut 7s. per 100. Cash with order. I BALDWIN a.m. si in. Edith Nursery, BurchallRoad.Leyton, LILY of the VALLEY BLOOMS (Berlin Qiant). 9.?. per gross, carriage paid. Sample box, Is. J wns SEARLE, St. Thomas, Crediton. SPECIMEN A U C U B A S, ky Green, variegated, and A. mascula. UEOROK EDWARDS, lialham Nursery, London, S.W. B__R. DAVIS'S New, Rare, and Beautiful • BEGONIAS. The best Illustrated Descriptive CATALOGUE, with Cul- tural Directions, sent free on application. Begonias for Exhibition, Conservatory, Greenhouse, and Bedding, Double and Single. li. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil, Somerset. Early Flowering Hardy Herbaceous PHLOX OMNIFLORA " WHITE SWAN," Certificate of Merit, Royal Botanic Society, London, Jim.- 19, 1889. Strong Plants to flower this year, 2s. ad. each, 80s. perdozen; usual allowance to the Trade. No herbaceous border Bhould be without this gem. Also strong Cuttings of EUPHORBIA JACQt'INIFLORA, 6 inches long, at 10s. per 100, all cash with order from— J. CHAMBERS. Westlake Nurseries, Isleworth, London, W. STRAWBERRIES.— Leading kinds, in 8J-inoh pots, for immediate Planting or Potting on for Forcing. Send for LIST. FRANCIS R. KINGIIOKN, Sheen Nurseries, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market, Covent Garden, W.C. T" HOMSON'S IMPRI )VED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from as. 1 cwt. and over carriage pan I. London Agent-Mr. GEORGE. 10. Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON andSONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. AWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" (Patent) has the largest sale in the world, and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very best for keeping the Lawn iu prime condition. The patent "NEW MODEL " is guaranl I to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can bfl had of all Ironmongers and Si-eilsiui'ii. Price Lists post-free from the manufacturers.— CHADBOKN and COLDWELL, M'f'G. Co.. 223. Upver Thames Street. London, E.C. See large Advertisement, March 22, page 370. 474 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Thursday Next, April 24. VALUABLE IMPORTED an.] ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY NEXT, April 24, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Mr. F. Sander, St. Alban9, CATTLEYA TRIAN.H, a splendid importation. Theplantsare in grand order, with fresh green leaves and plump eyes; there artfmauy tine masses amongst them, with 100 bulbs and up- wards. The plants now offered are the result of a special journey made by our collector to the district from whence we imported, some years back, the several consignments that pro- duced the marvellous and hitherto unsurpassed varieties, so well known to Orchid lovers, Cattleya Triana' Leeana, C. T. Schroderiana. C. T. Emperor, C. T. Measuresiana, C. T. Court- auldiana, and many others, whose names are historical. We are sanguine that our expectations with regard to the lot now offered will not be disappointed, and that many extremely beautiful and distinct forms will be found to exist amongst them. It is well known that there are many forms oE Trianae greatly differing in shape, size, and colour, the finest varieties always cominsr from the district whence these came, but owing to its impracticable roads and enormous outlay, and the atten- dant risks, it is rarely that plants from this particular region are introduced. CATTLEYA SPECIES.— We prefer designating the above as species, from the fact of the consignment having become mixed. Our collector writes us : — " Cattleya with a very large lip, like Sanderiana ; " "Cattleya with three colours, pink, maroon, crimson and yellow;" "Cattleya colour of Skinnerii, large, with yellow throat.'. These plants have been mixed in repacking, while our Collector was lying dangerously ill from the continuous hard work in the moun- tains and forests (far beyond the track of any white explorer), that has nearly cost us the life of one of our best Collectors. We believe them truly magnificent. At the same time there will be offered fine Established Plants of the following : — Odontoglossum citrosmum | Ornithoeephalus grandifiorus Rossii majus Sophronitis grandiflorus „ Cervantesii Ccelogyne Wayana Oncidium Papilis I Cypripedium calosum And many other species of value. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, May l. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that he will hold a SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. on THURSDAY, May 1. and will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THH SALE will SEND PARTICULARS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE, but at latest, by THURSDAY NEXT, as several Entries are already to hand. Auction Rooma and Offices, £8, King Street, Covent Garden. Tuesday Next. ESTABLISHED and IMPORTED ORCHIDS. A further portion of the COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of Messrs. .1. W. Steel & Co , of Chig- well, who are giving up their business, including a large variety of plants particularly suitable to gentlemen form- ing collections, and the Trade. Also about l.Ml lots of ESTABLISHED, and SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS ; ORCHIDS from Mr. W. Gordon, of Twickenham, and an importation ju-t to hand of the beautiful Cattleya Schrodene, OIU'HIIH in ll.iw.T, ice. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, April 22, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. GRE1BHOUSE TLANTS and FERNS, a large quantity of various BULBS, comprising Lilies, Begonias, 1000 Hybrid Gladiolu9, an importation of BULBS from the Cape, HARDY PEKKNMALS, and several lengths of INDIA- RUBBER HOSE. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS 1VL will SELL the above by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on WED- NESDAY NEXT, April 23, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, ng of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. CATTLEYA AUREA CHRYSOTOXA. DENDROK1UM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM. MESSRS. rROTHEROE and MORRIS have received instructions from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, E.C., on FRIDAY' NEXT, April 25, a large Consignment of Imported ORCHIDS; also a large quantity of popular varieties, specially adapted for the Trade. CATTLEYA AUREA CHRY"SOTOXA.— Without doubt, this is the most lovely Cattleya in the section to which it belongs. It has also another great recommendation, by its being a free grower and not "miffy" under cultivation, as its Central American congener. Our collector, who first discovered this tine plant, has, after months of search, sent us a few more plants, which have arrived in grand order, the bulbs being round and plump, and the leaves green and healthy. It is impossible to exaggerate the beauty and excellence of this magnificent Cattleya, and we can recommend it to pur- chasers with the fullest confidence, knowing that among them there are splendid novelties. The sepals and petalsare usually of a brilliant primrose-yellow, the lip velvety-crimson, dis- tinctly veined with golden-yellow. As many as four of its lovely blossoms are sometimes produced from a single bulb. DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM. There are many forms of this species. The one now offered is a colossal variety, requiring precisely the same treatment as the ordinary type, the plants have readied us in superb condition, the bulbs being stout and healthy ; the flowers measure from 3 to 5 inches across, and one of great substance; they are pure white, the lip having a broid blotch of rich yellow in the centre. The flowers last a long time in perfection, hence it is must useful Continued on next column. Continued from previous column. for exhibition purposes, and also for cutting. Also a fine lot of Odontoglossum luteo purpureum in fine condition; Cattleya Mendelii, undowered and in sheath ; Cypripedium Curtisii, a most beautiful species; Dendrobium Dearei. a fine list of plants; D. Jamesianum in fine condition; Phaleenopsis Schil- leriana, a few very tine young plants. Also a tine importation of ODONTOGLOSSUM ALEXANDRA LEHMANNI, Rchb. f., just to hand. This is a simply lovely form, extremely rare, and producing great branching spikes, the lip always is spotted with large spots of a crimson-chocolate colour, of which there are generally five, Also about 100 lots of CHOICE ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, from Messrs. F. Horsman & Co. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale, Tuesday, April 29. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. rROTHEROE and MORRIS de- sire to annouuee that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER, will take place as above, for which they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE OF ENTRIES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Eltham.— Expiration of Lease. CLEAEANCE SALE of GLASS ERECTIONS. HORSES, CARTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Mrs. Todman whose lease is expiring. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Eltham Nursery, Eltham, Kent, about a mile from Eltham Station, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, April 30 and May 1, at 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the ERECTIONS of 9 GREEN- HOUSES, and several PITS and GARDEN BOXES, with the Brickwork, Hotwater-piping, and Boilers, the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 5600 Ampelop»is and Irish Ivies, in pots; 350 Golden Euonvmus, in pots ; 1300 pots of Conifer cut- tings ; strong CART HORSE, 3 COLTS. Roan HORSE, 16 hands, 6 years, quiet to ride and drive, has been hunted ; Chesnut Mare, 7 years, 16 hands, quiet to drive and gooa hunter up to 14 stone ; PONY, DOG-CART, 2 light spring CARTS, spring VAN, Tumbril CARTS. WAGGON, Pony CHAISE, several sets of HARNESS, 100 loads of MANURE, CHAIN HARROW, HAY SHAKER. GARDEN ROLLERS, MOWING .MACHINES, TROLLIES, and numerous other EFFECTS. May be viewed the day prior, nnd mornings of Sale. Cata- logues may be had on the Premises ; at the principal Inns in the neighbourhood ; and of the Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C., aud Leytonstone, E. Friday, May 2.-Establi8hed Orchids. A PRIVATE COLLECTION from Gloucestershire, about 100 Lots, including several very fine specimens; also a con- signment of GREEN TREE FROGS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will INCLUDE THE ABOVE in their SALE on FRIDAY, May 2. Further particulars will appear next week. HIGHLY IMPORTANT Three Days' UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-grown STOVE nnd GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Messrs. Lucombe, Pince & Co., who are relinquishing their business. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Exeter Nurseries, Exeter, on TUESDAY, May 6, and two follow- ing days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, without the slightest reserve, the first portion of the extensive and valuable Stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, «.om pricing .00 specimens, such as Stephanotis, Lapigerias, Azaleas, Orchias, Kentias, and other Palms; 2000 Stove Plants, in- cluding Crotons. Anthuriums, Dnunenas, Hoyas, Ixoras, Alla- mandas, &c. ; 4000 Greeohouse Plants, consisting of Lapagerias, Rhododeudrons, Roses, Aralias, Begonias, Ericas, and numerous others ; 600 Orchids, including Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Cudogynes, Cymbidiums, Dendrobiums, Odouloglossunis, Lrellas, Vandas, and others; 2000 Show and Regal Pelargo- niums, 3000 Exotic and Hardy Ferns, 1500 choice Carnations, Picotees, and 10,000 Herbaceous Alpine Rock and Redding Plants. N.B.-The NURSERY to be LET or SOLD on very advan- tageous terms. Particulars forwarded on application to the Auctioneers. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. The Grammar School, Bancroft, Hitchin, Herts. On the Great Northern, Midland (Branch from Hitchin to Bedford), and the Hitchin, Royston, and Cumbridge Railways. To FLORISTS, NURSERYMEN*, and OTHERS. ATI1. GEORGE JACKSON has been favoured 1VL with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on WEDNES- DAY, April 23, 1890, at 11 for 12 o'Clock, on the Premises, Bancroft.. Hitchin, a substantial and ornamentally-built CON- SERVATORY, about 26 feet long and 17 feet wide, with a domed iron-framed roof and stone slab floor, fitted up with hotr-water apparatus; a LEAN-TO GREENHOUSE (with division), about li.i feet long and is feet wide, with hot-water apparatus; also a LEAN-TO VINERY, about 34 feet long and 13 feet wide, fitted with hot- water apparatus, as now standing on premises belonging to the Trustees of the Grammar School, the site being required for other purposes; also at the same time a COLLECTION of HOTHOUSE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including large, well-grown, and mostly fine Camellias, Azaleas, Orchidaceous Plants, Ferns. &c. May be viewed by application on the premises, and Cata- logues obtained at the Inns in the neighbourhood, and of Mr. GEORGE JACKSON. Auctioneer and Appraiser, Hitchin, Baldock, and Royston, Herts. Manchester. IMPORTANT SALE of upwards of 600 valuable and choice ORCHIDS, including many Specimen Plants amongst ^Erides, Ada, Angrtecum, Brassavola, Cattleya. Cuetogyue, Chysis, Cypripedium, Dendrobium, Epideudrum, Helcia, Leelia, Lyeaste, Masdevallia, Maxillana. Mesospinidlum, Miltonia, Odontoglossum, Oncidium, Paphinia, Phalttnop- sis, Pleione, Promensea, Saccolabium, Stanhopea, Tricho- pilia, Vanda, &c. ; also over 300 Stove and Greenhouse Continued on next column. Continued from previous column. Plants, comprising Amaryllis, Camellia, Cactus, Cala- dium, Cephalotus, Crinum, Eucharis. Epiphylluoi, Fern, Gloxinia, Hibiscus, Lapageria, Pancratium, Tillandsia, Soft-wooded Plants, Empty Pots, Garden To jIs, and Effects . MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND respectfully notify the receipt of instructions from the Executors of Dr. R. F. Ainsworth, deceased, to SELL by AUCTION at his late residence, Cliff Point, Higher Brougliton, on MONDAY, April 21, 1890. May be viewed on Friday and Saturday next, from 10 to 4 o'Clock, when Catalogues may be had at the Gardens, or now. together with further particulars, bv applying to Messrs. HINDE, MILNE, AND BURY, Solicitors, 7, Mount Street ; or to the Auctioneers, 45, Princess Street, both of Manchester. Mount View, Sheffield. SALE of the THIRD PORTION of the VALUABLE COL- LECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late David Ward, Esq., J.P. The Collection is in the best possible condition, is one of the finest in the district, and includes specimens from several well known collections. The Sale will include Cattleya Lawrenceaua, a tine lot of Odontoglossum Roezlii, O. Alexandra?, O. Cervantes, O. Halli, a nice lot of Cypripedium Lawreuceana, O. God- froyse, fine Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, D. densiflotum, D. 8uavissimum, D. Devonianum, D. Parishi, &c. ; also a choice lot of Camellias (best varieties), trained on walls. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON respectfully give notice that they are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, at the residence, as above, on WEDNESDAY, April 23, at 11 A.M. precisely. Catalogues and orders to view may be had of Mr. J. KEEL- ING, the Head Gardener, on the Premises (who is open to another engagement) ; or, of the Auctioneers, at their Offices, 2 and ft, F.a.t Parade, Sheffield. NURSERY FOR SALE, near London. Well Stocked. Going concern. In thorough working order. Replete with best Heating Apparatus. A fortune for a prac- tical man with about £300. Apply, GIBBS, Australian Hotel, Langham Street. London. rPO BE SOLD, a NURSERY, containing 10 i Houses, all well heated and stocked, with garden ground if required.— Apply. Silver Hall Nursery, Isleworth. E\)R SALE, a Small NURSERY BUSINESS, A. about £ acre well stocked, in rising neighbourhood. Plant Houses, Stock, and everytliiug as it stands, £180. For further particulars, apply by jetier to R. S., 1, Fullertou Road, Addi.-eom'e. Croydon. To Florists and Others. FOR SALE, with immediate possession, Long LEASEHOLD PREMISES and GOODWILL. Cap tul House, *-ight rooms, fitted Rath, &c. ; three large Spau-ruof GIjss Houses, with improved Heating Apparatus, Cold Frame-, Potting Shed, &c, all in excellent order; long frontage to main road. Rapidly increasing suburb, with opportunities for unlimited trade. Present owner retiring. Stock optional. Terms of Messrs. JOSHUA RAKER and SON, 106, High Road. Kilburn, N.W., and VA, Poultry, E C. To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others. TO BE S( ILD, the Lease of a well-established NURsEKY, 11 Greenhouses, well-heated Pits, good Stabling, Sheds, &c, in all covering about 1 acre. First-class Jobbing Connection, with or without Florist Shop in main thoroughfare. Price £100. Apply on premises, Waverley Nursery, Waverley Place, St. John's Wood, N.W. FLORISTS ' — prominent position, large, fashionable watering place. Handsome Show Conserva- tory and go_id Nursery on long Lease. Price, including four excellent Houses and good Stock of Plants, £8u0, or valuation. Part can remain. Premium waived to immediate buyer. First-rate chance for practical man. B. POM FRET, Valuer, Tunbridge Wells. London, W.— To Small Capitalists. pOMPACT NURSERY, DWELLING- \J HOUSE, and several GREENHOUSES, in good neigh- bourhood. Rent only £40. Price for Glass on application. No stock to take to. Particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C. TO BE LET or SOLD, Aylestone, near Leicester, a valuable and most eligible FREEHOLD and FLORIST'S NURSERY, consisting of a well-built Ray- windowed Villa Residence, 7 large Greeenhouses, and a good Garden well-stocked with Fruit Trees, having a river front- age, and situated 2 miles from Leicester on the main road to Lutterworth, known as Aylestone Park. Rent £o0per annum. No Stock. Trams pass the door every 10 minuter. Apply to S.WALKER, Aylestone Park; or HARRISON and SONS, Seed Merchants, Leicester. O BE LET or SOLD, a first-class NURSERY, glass only. 6000 square feet of Glass in full working order, and now doing a good trade. Rent £35 ; valuation £lo0. A tirst-class opportunity. Fuller particulars from F. W. HODSON, Groveleiglr Retford. Ponder's End, Middlesex (8,L Miles from London). T^O BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and Arable LAND, on Lease for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £$ to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the rirat nine years. Immediate possession be had. Apply to A. Middlesex. t G. GUIVER, Land Agents, Ponder's End, TO LET, a well-established NURSERY, about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. Apeil 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 475 PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Horticul- tural Market Garden and Estate auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C.. and at Leyton- stone, K. - Monthly Horticultural Register-had on application. ORCHI DS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN), Limited. Have an immense stock of newly imported ORCHIDS, and are constantly receiving importations from various parts of the world. They have also a very large and fine collection of Esta- blished Orchids, to which additions are constantly being made. Catalogue?, with Prices and particnlarspost-free, on applica- tion to The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. BARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, free.— Full of useful information. ^ELECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS, 12s. &L. 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., 63s. and upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS, 2*.-6d., 3s. Gd.,hs.M.t 7s. 6^., 10s. if- k J.£ 10 ,. FosrKIIIANA. I ' ?„", 30 C0COS FLEXIJOSA and PLI'MOSA. &c. ' m - Also a very fine selection of the above varieties from 6 to 10 feet high, in the most perfect condition for decorative purposes. W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane, B.W. (EVERGREENS.! | HARDILY-GROWN. STOCK UNEQUALLED. | I Special Prices, with Catalogue , post Free.s || Dicksons -^—Chester. I 5 (Limited.) | Diuniimn iiuiiiiiiJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiniiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiii FERNS a SPECIALITY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in the Trade. 1400 species and vanities of stove, greenhouse and hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Books, free on application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on the cultivation of Ferns, OneShilling and Sixpence, post-free. w. & jTIbirkenhead, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. A THE BEST MUSHROOM SPAWN ^DlCKSONS^'^^CHESTERy GRAND NEW COLEUS, "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A line new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched al the edges. The colour is blight scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a generalfavourite. I lyinMay). 1 package free for fash with Order only. Sentout by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN. F.K.ll.s.. Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. R. B. LAIRD & SONS' CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS. Our Catalogue for 1890, is now issued, and will he forwarded on application. It includes all the most desirable New Varieties, as well as the older and thoroughly established Kinls. Our Collection of PANSIES, VIOLAS, BEGONIAS, HOLLYHOCKS, DAHLIAS, ANTIRRHINUMS, PENTSTEMONS, CARNATIONS, PETUNIAS, PELARGONIUMS, &c, &c, is unsurpassed. ROYAL WINTER GARDENS, EDINBURGH. ROSES IN POTS FOR SPRING PLANTING. UU. PAUL \ SON have a very fine stock of the above, for which they solicit Orders at the following Prices: LEADING HYBRID PERPETl VL* TEA-SCENTED, and other varieties in 5-inch (48-aized) pots, 9s. to L5*. per dozen ; £3 10*. to £0 per 100. HYBRID PERPET1 ALS, in 8-inch (24-aized) pots, 24«. to 30«. per dozen. CLIMBING VARIETIES, in 5-inch pots, 10*. 07/. to 15*. per dozen; in 8-inch pot*, 30*. per dozen. „ MARECHAL NIEL and GLOIKE 1>E DIJON, 8to 10 feet shoots, in 8-inch pots, ".«. C>d. to bs. each. ROSES IN POTS FOR GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION. II. I'. TEA-SCENTED, and others, in 5-inch pots, 12s. to 18*, per dozen; in 8-inch pots, 30s. to 42*. per dozen; Larger Plants, 5s. to 7s. (3d. each. II AI.I-SI'Krl.MLN and SI'KI'LM 1 :.\ I'LWTS, the largest and linest Moeli in the country, 10s. Gd. to 63*. each. *„* The., are of magnificent effect in the Greenhouse or Conservatory when in bloom. Also a line stock of GRAPE VINES (fruiting and planting canes), LAPAGERIAS, HA HI IV CLIMBING PLANTS in pots, RHODODENDRONS, and other EVERGREENS for present planting. Priced LISTS Free. WM. PAUL & SON, PAULS' Rose G NURSERIES .ppointmf.nt TO Her Majesty the Qu WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. 1) direct .connect iuu with the ; Posts, is specially adapted for the AILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, rid Queenborough, Flushing, Kal- denkircheu. This Parcels Sen man and Austro-Hu rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, fc^'XcTCertirieate required for Germany. Tariffs free ou application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite Mil Grande Vitesse. BEST, KYLEY ami CO., 8,1. Bishops-gate Street, London, E.C. Receiving Office at Holborn Viaduct Station. TfORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' -L FLOWERS for 1890— (116 pages), Is the Largest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Florists' Flowers lhat cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thou-and Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with n miss of other Useful information indispensable to all who would escl in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that shoul.l-Le in the 'ho love a Garden. Free on applical airseryiuan, Hawick, Scotland. To the Trade. MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS. and F. SHARPE will be pleased to give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds Tjf MANGEL Wl'RZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest quality, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech! C T R A W B E R R I E S. KJ Warranted the be>t plants in the Trade. NOBLE, very hue as. per 100. in 500 lota. KING OF EARLIES 2s. per 100 do. BURGHLEY PRESIDENT ... 2s. per 100 do. R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford. EGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. El i deuce of quality. Seed saved from Pri/s Plants. In illustrated Packets, choicemixed, Single or Doubl; varieties, Is.. 2s. Hd., and as. per packet. Collections— Single 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. tirf. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12*. to42s. per do/. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per dozen ; Bedding, choicest, tis. to 9s. per dozen ' choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per dozen ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 80>. per dozen; ehoic Bt Mixed, is,, perdozexu Order direct from us, to procure our splendid -tram. CATALOGUES gratia. JOHN LAINQ Lira SONS, Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, Si. H. pOTATOS " Bedfordshire-grown" PUTATOS. t Highly recommended to all " who require change of - -I." S|ccm1. , ,h etier: Mvalt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance. Beauty of Hebron, New Early Monarch, School master, Sutton's Early Regents, White elephants, Reading Snssetts, Early Rose, finpera tors (large), aod Vicajjol Lalehann all ai 63 LOi. per ton, is. 8a. per owt. Magnum Bonum, ■■ SuttOn'*," .'"Is. per toil, 3S. per OWt. Free delnery Oil lo rail (Great Northern Railway I. II. igs included for cash Willi orders. — FREDK. GEE, Rivcrford House, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. i Please name Gardeners' Chronicle when ordering.) C LIB-RAN VS SEED LIST, Illustrated, 112 j^i^-s. free, three stamps, iiblesand b fashionable, Poppies htnim-.x. ■. Clibraa's Tomato ia the Best. Try it ! ].s.uuppv. bloomsS ii.tdu-s across, It. tad St. per pit. cuhkan's plant USTJ ltsu A List with prices and descriptions CATALOGUES. of all alunblo hi anted for Garde 'SB CLIURAN, Oldneld Nursery. Allrinc hum and Main-heater. To the Trade. I'lli ili IE VEGET UII.K SEEDS. HAND F. SUA i;i'i;S Special 1'rirod LIST e of VEGETABLE SEEDS comprises ull the best varieties under cultivation of 1H89 growth, and of the very finest quality. The prices will be found very advantageous to purchasers. Seed Growing E-tablishment, Wisbech. PELARGONIUMS. — Extra strong, healthy, J- bushy plants. Bhowing bud ; Show, Frenc-h, and Deeor»J tive kinds, by name, in 48 and 3%-aAze potfl, \2s. and Jft.T. per dozen ; 80s. and 100». per 100. Boxea and packing free. Cash With Older. .' AS. MoLUKK and SON, Crown Nursery, Heading. !•: I i u N V M.U S, 6 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per Kill, free on raib J. J. CLARK. Goldatone Farm. Brighton. To Market Growers. OBLEOT STOGKS of VEGETABLE and O I LOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES. Before purchasing elsewhere, send fur General Seed CATALOGUE. B. L. COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich, Kent. rd, 000 Q R'EE:N »/V/^VV/V/ all good shape, V The BeBt Preaent for a Gardener. I N E S and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. Qd. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. To the Trade. I7VERNS— FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most saleable sorts-ADIANTUM CUNEATUM, POLYl'O- DIUMS CYKTOMIIIMS, PTEKIU. &c.,at 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTERIS C RETICA CKISTATA, few other kinds from stores, 6s. per 100. 50s. per 100U.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, 1 10, Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W, 476 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 19, 1890. r\ ENERAL BELGIAN HORTICULTURAL VJT AGENCY. DE HEBDT AND STKECKER, Antwerp. Telegrams— " Strecrer, Antwerp." Plant-houses for special cultivation of SEEDLING PALMS in store pots, situated at Meirelbeke (near Ghent), Belgium. FK. DE METER, Manager. Trade Offer. AKECA BAITERI, 22s. per 100. „ LUTESCENS. 18s. id. per 100. „ SAPIDA, 7s. id. per 100. CHAMJERllFS FORTUNEI, 22s. per 1000. COCOS WEDDELIANA. 12s. per 100. CORYPHA AUSTRALIS, HSs. per 1000. EUTERPE EDULIS. 30s. per 100. GEONOMA GRACILIS. 37s. id. per 100. KENTIA BALMOREANA, 30s. per 100. „ FORSTERIANA, 30s. per 100. „ CANTERBURYANA, 60s. per 100. LATANIA BOKBONICA. 30s. per 1000. PHCENIX CANARIENSIS. 18s. per 1000. ,, RECLINATA, 37s. id. per 1000. „ TENUIS, 18s. per 1000. PTYCHOSPERMA ALEXANDRA, 8s. id. per 100. SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 7s. per 100. Samplee are only sent per dozen at the wholesale price. Seed Fotatos. and F. SHARPE have still in stock the i following varieties of SEED POTATOS, which they offering at very low prices : H Sandringham Kidney River's Royal Ashleaf Alma Kidney Old Ashleaf Kidney Pride of Ontario Snowdrop Beauty of Hebron Duke of Albany American Early Rose White Elephant Covent Garden Perfection Schoolmaster Early Oxford Sutton's Masterpiece Reading Hero Best of All Queen of the Valley Village Blacksmith Veitch's Improved Ashleaf Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf Gloucestershire Kidney Mona Pride Snowflake White Beauty of HebroD Pride of America Extra Early Vermont International Kidney Sutton's Abundance Sutton's Early Regent Lady Dundas Early Dalmahoy Red-skin Flourball Reading Russet Adirondack Magnum Bonum Imperator And many other kinds The above have been raised onourown Farm expressly for Seed, are fine in quality, and well dressed. SEED GROWING ESTABLISHMENT, WISBECH. PALMS. — Leading deoorative sorts in many Bizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KINGHORN, Nurseryman, Richmond, Surrey ; and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. ptJTHBERTSON'S PRIZE PANSIES. v 30s. 100 Named Varieties 30s. Besides being able this year to supply 100 Show and Fancy PANSIES for '60s., I can also supply the following magnificent 12 varieties for 3.s. Gd. : — A. Ashcroft, Bob Montgomery, Dodo, Geo. Crome, G. J. Henderson, J. Crabbe, J. Shaw, K. Brodie, Mrs. Green, N. Mackay, Susan, and W. Craig. 6s. 25 Named Varieties 6s. I also bind myself to supply (as long as unsold) 25 varieties for 6s.. including the above, and the following grand lot : — A. Ollar, E. Dalglish, Golddigger, J. Bryce, Major Scoon, Miss Black, Mrs. Browell. Princess Beatrice, Royal Queen, Silver Wings, The Creole (most peculiar colour), Mrs. R. Blair, and W. Davidson (new). » 10s. 6d. — 50 Named Varieties 10s. 6d- For 10s. tirf. I will send to any address in the United Kingdom. 50 selected varieties, including the above ; also 100 Plants in 50 varieties for 22s. This will be found rare value, i i SEED from my unrivalled Collection of PANSIES, Show or Fancy, Is. and 2s. Gd. per packet. Note.— A 2s. Gd. packet contains three Is. packets. Illustrated CATALOGUE free. AH the above are post-free prices. — M. CUTHBEKTSON, F.R.H.S.. Pansy Grower, &c, Rothesay, N.B. GARDEN REQUISITES. 1 Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST In the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chubb's special process), sacks, Is. id. each ; lOsacks. 12s. id.; 15sacks,17s.6ti., 20-sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 24s. ; 30 sacks, 27s. ; 40 sacks, 35s. ; 50 sacks, 40s.; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 30s. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 2s. id. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. erf. per sack ; 5 sacks, 40s. ; BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 6for22s.6rf. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6rf. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. 6rf. per buBhel ; 14s. half ton ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam, Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures, Peat^Moss Litter, Crushed Runes, virgin Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, MillwaU, London, E. Bankers— Smith. Payne. If Smiths. OCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE. — Newly made, the same as supplied to the Royal Horticultural Society. Truck-load of 2 tons, £1 ; free on to Rail, L. B. S. C. andS. E.. £1 5s. ; in Bags, 20, 16s. ; 40, £1 los. Cash with order. J. STEVENS AND CO., 153, High Street, Battersea, S.W. ROWN FIBROUS TEAT.— 10 acres of splendid Brown Fibrous Peat, free on rail at 7s. 6rf. per yard, in truck loads. Sample cwt. sack, 2s. 6rf. BRINKWORTH ASP SONS, Reading. SILVER SAND and PEAT.— The best selected Sorts for Sale in any quantities. Loose in railway trucks or in bags crate-, or barrels for export.— Apply to W. SHORT, Horticultural Depot, Midhurst, Sussex. Established 16(52. By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs DUTY FREE. Nicotine Soap. J±8 Unrivalled INSECTICIDE for the use of Plant Cultivators, being an effectual ERABTCATOR of SCALE, THRIPS, GREEN FLY, MEALY BUG, and ALL PARASITES affecting PLANTS, WITHOUT INJURY TO FOLIAGE. It has now under- gone a thorough test by some of the most prac- tical men in Horticulture, and it is proved, beyond all doubt, that no Insecticide will bear comparison with it for its deadly effect on Insects, combined with perfect safety to the Plants themselves. Some hundreds of Testimonials lately received from men of considerable experience throughout the Kingdom. Sold in Jars. is. 6d. and 3s. ; In Tins, 15s. 6d. ; and in Drums, 28 lb., 25s.; 56 lb., 60s. ; 112 lb., 95s. Full directions for use upon each Package. SOLE MANUFACTURERS: CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd., LONDON. To be had from Seedsmen and Florists throughout the Country. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2Cs. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. Sins., 12s. doz. SPKCIALITE TOBACCO PAPER, lOd. per lb., 28 lb. for 2ls. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT, 8s. per sack. PEAT. LOAM, SAND MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT and Co.. Hop Exchange Warehouses, South wark Street, London, S.E. SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by the Judgesat the Alexandra Palace Rose Show, 1889, after 15 Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Scottish Horticultural Association, 1889. Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says :— " We were so satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we have used it absolutely, and have every confidence in recommending it." Mr. R. Irwin Lynch, Curator, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says : — "There can be no question with regard to its efficacy." Prices :— In 1 and 2-gal. tins, 28. per gal. (tins included) ; in 6-gal. drums. Is. 6d. per gal. ; 10 and l.Vgal. Drums, Is. 4d. per gal. Special quotation for larger quantities. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upwards. £g" Used in the proportion of One Gallon to 25 Gallons of Water. TO BE HAD OF ALL NURSEBYMKN AND SEEDSMEN. To prevent disappointment, insist upon having the "ACME." Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge, Kent ; & Carlton St., Bolton, Lancashire. Agents in Ireland.— W. Drummond & Sons. 58, Dawson St., Dublin; Walter Carson & Sons, 21. Bachelor's Walk, Dublin; Alex. Dickson & Sons, 55. Royal Avenue, Belfast; McKenzie & SONS. Limited. Agricultural House. Camden Quay, Cork. O MARKET GARDENERS, &c— To Grow Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS. Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial mill prove the great value of this Manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, 13j. ?er cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Shellield Gas Company, Sheffield. ORCHID PEAT, best quality ; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER amd CO., Farnborough, Haute. Jgf- VERY CHOICE ORCHID SPECIALLY PREPARED. PC AT 12s I &,/**% | per Cask. ALL RICH BROWN FIBRE. BEST HARDWOOD, for Stove Plants, Selected Turves. Ss. cask ; for Ferns and General Use, from 5s. cask. SPLENDID LOAM, Yellow, Fibrous, in trucks, 16s. per ton. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Fresh Picked, 2s. Qd. bush. ; 7s. id. saok. COCOA-NUT FIBRE, 10 sks., 8/6; 20 sks., 15«. LEAF and PEAT MOULD, Is. bushel. SUPERIOR (Selected) TOBACCO PAPER, CORK MATS, and all other Sundries. Send for W. WOOD & SON'S List of Specialties. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S , ""iST™ WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. THE S T O T T DISTRIBUTOR, Charged with " " KILLMBIGHT." CERTAIN DEATH TO INSECT PESTS. Cheap, Simple, and Effectual. Prices, Press Opinions, Testimonials on application to The "Stott" Fertiliser and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. Agents Wanted throughout the Country. "ROSIKA." Trade Mark Registered. Effective, Harmless. Promptly cUars Roses - and all plants from green tly, caterpillars, spiders, and other insect pests. It recommends itself to all who have tried it for its efficiency, pleasant odour, the facility with which it is applied, and its cleanliness in application ; so that anyone, however particular, can use it, and it is always ready for use. Price IS. Sold at all Chemists and Seedsmen, or direct from the manufacturers, F. SCHUTZE & CO., 35a, Aldersgate Street, London, E.C. Apparatus for use of Ro»ika, 3 sizes. Is. 9d., 3s.. and 4s. tad. EMON OIL INSECTICIDE Kills J all Insects; cheap, harmless, easily used. Sales rising by leaps and bounds, owing to its merit. Pints, Is. Gd,; quarts, 2s. 9d. ; half gallons, 5s. ; gallons, 9s. EUCHARIS MITE KILLER. During the year it has been before the public it has saved thousands of Bulbs, vide Testimonials. Doubters, Try itl Half-pints. Is. 6d. ; pints, 2s. Gd. ; quarts, 4s. Gd. ; half gallons, 7s. Qd.; gallons, 12s. Gd. pLIBRAN'S SHADING for GREEN- \J HOUSES. SKYLIGHTS, &c. Is a wonderful novelty. In wet weather the shading is almost transparent; as the glass dries it reappears. All Plant Growers will see the great advantage. In packets, Is., Is. 9d., and 2s. 9d. post-free. N.B. — Above three preparations from ^t'ed and Nurserymen ; or, CXIBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham and Manchester. Ill PEAT !!! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBKE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS. &c. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPP3 & CO., The OM-esUbh»ued Peat Dep6t, Ringwood, Haut». April 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 477 MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found the most complete, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Greenhouses. Illustrations of everv description of Glasshouse, from the largest range of Winter Gardens to the simplest forms of Portable Greenhouses, riant Protectors, and Garden Frames ; also of all the best kind of Boilers, Hot-water Pipes, and all appliances fur heating. This Catalogue, possessing hundreds of illustrations of all the latest improvement* in greenhouse building and heating, is on a scale never before attempted. It should be In the hands of every one interested in gardening, as it contains many practical hint* on the subjects of which it treats, the result of many years' experience. Price 2B. post-free. A large number of the illustrations are taken from greenhouses erected by us in various parts of the country, an inspection of this Catalogue shows, therefore, buildings the efficiency of which has been well tested by actual use. The advantages possessed by us enable us to carry out work with the utmost promptness, and in the very best style, at prices which defy competition. Surveys made and gentlemen waited on in any part of the country. Plans and Estimates free on application. MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial sample post-free.) Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green. *c. Used at Kew Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, <£c, aVc. COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED bearing our Trade Mark, line. Re/use Imitations. JPRICE-Gallou, :'/■ ; 5 gal., 1/9 per gal. ; 10 gal. 1/6 per gal.; .40 gal. 1/1 per gal. SPECIAL QUOTATIONS FOR QUANTITIES. Carriage paid on 10 gals, and upivards. DISTRIBUTOR for Perfect" Weed Killer. Holds 40 gallo wK>wu*HU*isst.'«M>c>; ; Mil s. Wrought-iron tly painted. Gal- vanized tubes with tap to regulate How. Gives spray 36 ins. wide. Price £4 net on rail Glasgow. The HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL COY- Works : 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. Principal Agents: BLACKLEY, YOUNG AND CO., 103. Holm Street. Glasgow. NOTICE -We originally had our Works at Tonbridge.Kent. but remoredthrm to GLASGOW in January, 1887, since which time our ONLY ADDRESS has been GLASGOW. SOLD by SEEDSMEN and FLORISTS, MARK. FOR PLANTS. QTJICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. This is a Plant Food of great excel). -i , carefully prepared with tin- vle-vi -i supplying :. u ire i> h shall contain all the elements necessary for the Perfection of Plant. Life, and at the same time be QUICK IN ACTION, LASTING, AND ECONOMICAL. The ingredients have been so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, permanent benefit is secured by a ,. nit i nuance of nourishment to the plant. It is safe in use, and suitable for every purpose where a manure is required. Sold by Seedsmen, Florists, and Nurseri/men, in 6d. and 18. Packets, one SE [LED BAGS:— 7 lb. 14 1b. 28 1b. 56 1b. 112 1b. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Hag. and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the mouth of each Bag. A sample Packet will bo sent post-free, on receipt of ]». by the Manufacturer— S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH ANY OTHER FIRM. NORMAL FERTILISER Price :— ' For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 68 lb. 1 owt. 3s. 6d. hs. ed. Ds. 14s. And in 6d. and Is. packets. To be hnd of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Bishopsgate Street Within, E.C., and Famham Road. Guildford. Usual Trade Discount*. Wholesale of Messrs. HURST ANPSON, 162. Heundsditch. London ROWN FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, 31*. 6d. per Ton, or 126s. per Truck of 4 tone; Bags, 6s. each ; 10 Bags. 46s. BROWN and BLACK FIBROUS PEAT. 26s. per Ton, or J26 per Truck of 4 tons ; Bags, 6s. each ; 10 Bags. 46s. PEAT, for forming Rhododendron, Bog, and American Plant Bedi, 21s. per Ton. or £4 4s. per Truck of 4 tons. THOMAS WALKER, Tekels, Camberley, Surrey. 478 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. SUTTON'S FLORIST'S FLOWERS. The Best Strains in existence. Per Packe t SUTTON'S SUPERB PRIMOLA 3/6 SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA 5/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PERFECTION CALCEOLARIA 5/- and 3/6 SUTTON'S PRIZE GLOXINIA 5/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PRIZE BEGONIA 5/- and 2/6 FREE Bl~ POST. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON & SONS, READING. FUCHSIAS, strong and well-rooted, in oO best vara.. Double and Single, Ss. per 100. for cash. S. MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. CUTBUSH'S MILL TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6oung plants from single pots : — .. Single flowered Zonal, from our magnifi- cent collection; including the newest and most beautiful sorts 6 for Vs. 6d. 4 6 ,, Extra choice and new varieties ... 6 for 3s. 6rf. 6 O ,i Six superb new varieties of 1880 (Pearson's set), U. M. ,, Double-flowered Zonal. A splendid clasi of highly unproved varieties. Fine named sorts, our selc" ion 6for2x.'6rf. 4 6 ,, Fxtm choice varieties ... .".. 6 for 'te.id. 6 0 ,, Six superb new varieties of 1889, 7s. 6l ibiialied plants from single puts pel 100, 30s. ; 25 for 8s. 4 6 Begonias, Tuberous-rooted, SidSe.- Immense Mowers, and in the most beautiful vaiiety. sjtmn^ flowering dormant tubers per 100, 40s. 6 0 ,. Double-flowered, splendid varieties St 0 Gladiolus, Gaudavensis hybrids. — Choice named sorts, our selection, in splendid variety of showy sorts 4s 6d. and 6 0 -n — Exhibition VATieU^s, very line ... its. and 12 0 ,, Bretjchiayensis, the fine old showy scarlet variety per 100, iris. 6rf. 1 6 DANIELS BROS, TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ^^r9- VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GAERATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. Established isia. 55, LIONEL STREET, BIRMINGHAM. HENRY HOPE HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HEATING ENGINEER. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. > Tirnti' NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will be sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. TR0. HIGHLY CONCENTRATED— MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER For use in the CONSERVATORY, GREENHOUSE and VINERY; FLOWER and KITCHEN GARDENS, the HOP-YARD, and the ORCHARD. Practically Tested by Practical Gardeners. Acknowledged to he the most Perfect Insecticide yet Invented. Testimonials and all Particulars Free on application. PRICES- Carriage Paid to any Address :— 1 Pint, Is. 6,1. ; 1 Quart, -2s. ; | Gal., 3s. ; 1 Gal., 4». 6d. ; 2 Gals., 8s. 6d. ; 4 gals., 14s. Special Quotations for Larger Quantities. .SULK IN\ KNTiilts and l'K( II'LI KTOKS DEIGHTON & CO. ( OPERATIVE ) BRIDGNORTH. TRADE t/ IRE PRICES, Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station on 4 gallons and over :— 4 Gallons, sufficient fur 100 gallons of water... £0 6 6 0 12 16 400 12 0 40 ,. „ 1000 / 1 gal. Sample Tin, tin free. 2s.; 2 gals , tin free, 3-'. 6 i. 5 per Cent, discount for cash with order on amounts of £1 and upwards. To Ireland. Scotland, and Channel Islands, carriage only paid on 12 gallons and over. Sole Inventors and Proprietors. c^mi'.-BRIDCNORTH. DEIGHTON & CO.,: R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT- WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. improved plan, are the ^durability cannot be equaled. We only do one class of work. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on perfection of growmg houses, and for practical utility, economy, and durability cannot be equaUed. "fl and that the very best. Conservatories and Winter Gardens nViigned architecturally correct without the assistance of any one nut of our firm, from the >,ua]i.'-i 1 t« id.' lirivn. Hot- water Heating Apparatus, wfth really reliable Iloilers, emoted? and success guaranteed in all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c., al-waya in stock. flans, Estimates and Catalogues free. Customers waited on in any part cf the Kingdom. Our Maxim is and always has been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-GLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS. Apbil 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 479 WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAINS CALCEOLARIA | Per Packet. CINERARIA ...JI6&2 6 Pott Free, in Sealed Packets bearing our Trade Mark- B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. J^ /~\\KF land when the plants have A » \*r V V commenced to grow) is an excellent time to plant HOLLIES, CONI- FERS, YEWS, and almost all EVER- GREEN SHRUBS, also ASPARAGUS (strong 1-yr. roots, 2s. 6d. per 100). CLEMATIS may be planted in May. DESCRIPTIVE LISTS of the above and following hep. CREEPERS for Walls. R03ES in Pots, best new and Old Enelish and Foreign Sorts. RICHARD SMITH & CO., N UKSEE YMEN and SEED MERI HAN TS, WORCESTER. CHEAP OFFER of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. EXPIRATION of I, EASE. A Large Quan- tity of OKNA.MKNTAL THKKS and SHBT/B8 to be SOLD CHEAP, owing to the above cause. Full particulars) on application to The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Ltd., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Qarston, dot Liverpool. EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. FOR DIRECT IMPORTATION. WE shall be glad to receive Orders for Mr. .1. 0. V. RAVKNSWAY, for any of the EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS for importation .luring the coming Season. He i- well known as a careful collector, and thoroughly under- stands how to prepare and pack for shipment. We only charge for Plants tout arrive in good condition, and pri » an be obtained on application to— WALTER KEMSLEY & CO.. 147. LEADKNIIALL STREET, LONDON, E.C, KELWAY'S COLD MEDAL OX?) SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI, P.EONIES. PYRETHRUMS, QAJLLARDIAS, DELPHINIUMS, &c. CATALOGUES now ready, gratia and post-free, containing Priced and Descriptive Lists of all our Specialties for 1890. and everything needful for the Garden. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. SEED POTATOS. To Grow In GARDEN or FIELD, or for EXHIBITION. THE REAL WHITE ELEPHANT. A Whlta Elephant Potato with a pure white skin — a great improvement on 1 he old variety. Grand Market or Exhibition sort. Send fur Descriptive CATALOGUE, the mo?t complete in the Xtade, pontaiosoff description of mo>-t aorta worth growing. J. WATKIVS, Potato Grower. POMONA FARM, WITHINGTON, HEREFORD. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON. Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER, DERBYSHIRE, Begs to inform the readers of this Paper that he is pre- pared to execute Orders for the following Plants, all of which areofthe viry finest strains that money can buy. They have all beengrovm on the Derbyshire hills, and are hardy and strotig. Carriage free. Cash with order. Descriptive LIST, id.; free to customers. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Special culture, not a collection of old-fashioned sorts, but the cream only of the best English, French, American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good weil-rooted plants, 12 for 2s. ; 25 for 3s. frv.., warranted true to name; 12 varieties, all new of 18S8 and 1889. for 4s. PANSIES.— A greatTSpecialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prizes. The cream only of the most noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctly named, Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s.. 25 for 5*. 6d„ free. Also Seed. Is. and 2s. 6rf. per pkt. PHLOX, special culture, the cream only from Downie, Laird & Sons, Kelway. Ware, and other first- class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s. , 12 for 3s., true to name. Strong stools, to bloom well. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— Strong layers, to bloom well, finest named varieties, 12 distinct colours for Is., 25 for 7s. id. Also Seed, Is. and 2s. id. per packet. CANTERBURY BELLS.— Grand new colours and new forms; double and single, telescopes, cup and saucer, and other varieties. 12 plants, to bloom well, Is. id. ; 25, 2s. id. Also Seed, id. and Is. per packet. T~HE BEAUTIFUL~PURE WHITE and PINK MALVA MOSCHATA, one of thebest hardy border plants in cultivation. Strong a-year old plants, 12 for Is. id. ; 25 for 2s. id. ; also Seed, id. and Is. per packet. OLLYHOCKS.— "Warranted all fine double flowers. Chafer's select strain. Strong year-old plants to bloom well. 12 varieties. 3«. : 6 varieties, 8». POl A \ Mill's and I'KIMROSE.— Hybrids, splendid mixed colours, tinpst strain grown. 12 for ls.tW., 25 for 2s. 6d. ; 100, 9s , all good blooming plants. Also Seed, 6d. and Is. per packet. ____ HYACINTHUS CANDICANS.- A really Una and stately hardy white-flowered border plant. Six flowering Bulbs for Is. id.. 12 for 2s. id. ELPHINIUMS— IrTall the colours found in this deservedly popular class of border plants. Strong plants to bloom well, 6 for Is. id. ; 12 for 2s. id., fr. \: Seed, 6rf. and Is. per packet. EjVJXGLOVES.— Gloxinia flowered. Dean's JL grand new large spotted, and pure white varieties. 12 for Is. id. ; 25, 2s. id. Also Seed, id. and Is. per packet. StVEETLY- SCENTED, PURE 8NOW- WHITE PINKS, quite hardy. 12 for Is. id., 24 for 2s. id. CARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— Strong year-old plants, from finest varieties only, in- cluding many new sorts; 12 beautiful varieties for 2s. id., 6 for Is. id., 100. 15s. FANCY PANSIES.— Unnamed, 12forl«. 9rf.; 25 for 3s. : 100 for 10s. All different and first-class sorts. THE NEW DOUBLE SCARLET GEUM", hardy free bloomer, strong two-year-old plants, 12 for Is. id.. 26 for 2s. id. Also id. and Is. per racket. AU'KK.'ULA (AlpiiiMsi. A splendid eollee- tion. Strong plants to bloom well, most beautiful colours and sweetly scented, 12 for 3s. • 25s. for 5s. id. Seed. id. and It. per packet. Also AURICULA, the real old [rial] Dusty Miller, sweetly sow 1. 8 lor li. So*.; tsforL' I nPHREE WHITE GEMS, CAMPANULA L PEBflKHFOLIA, Single White. Double Waits, and OORONATA, all (uite hardy and unrivalled for cut flowers, :i of eurli for 2<. THHREE Willi K HARDY BEAUTIES .L GNAl'II.W.HT.M LANATUM, everlasting, last for yenrs altar being cut. ihkkis COBEFOLLA, evergreen, and pur.. white dowers i AQTJTXEGIA ALBA, the largest pure white, TXjMATOS. — The besl sorts in cultivation.— _L Bee Chiawlok Qreat Tomato rrial. la. 8d. per dozen, TWO GEMS, PRIM I LA cnKTf'SOIDES nnd PRIMULA CAflHMEBIANA,— Gardening papers sayil would be difficult to fuel more beautiful plants tor the Rockery, Borden, or Greenhouse than these, 2 each. Is. id.; 4 each, 2s. id. Also Primula Sieboldi amo.ua, the Queen of Primulas, Geggie's International Prize, 3 distinct varieties named for 2s. 19 HARDY PERENNIAL BORDER 1** PLANTS (named), distinct and useful for decoration and cutting purposes, for 2s. VARIETIES of SHOWY, Free-flowering, A and other WINDOW PLANTS (named), for 2s. 12 NEW STRAWBERRY, NOBLE (Laxton's). —This is, without doubt, the earliest, handsomest, largest, and best Strawberry in cultivation ; 12 fruiting plants for Is. id., 2b for 2s. id.. 100 for 7s. id. S— TRXWBERRYPLANTS.— Selected Crowns for fruiting this year ; British Queen. Pauline, Sabrcur, Vicomtesse If. .le Tbury, Duke of Edinburgh, King of the Earlies, Sir Hurrv. Dr. Hogg. President, The Cuptaiu, and other n«w and exliu sort-, .'is. | er 100. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, BELPER. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Pries 3d., Post-free 3±d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, I Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 188i>. W. RICHARDS. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE <§mikmr& dJkMtdt SATURDAY, APRIL 19, 1890. VAGARIES (>!•• VARIATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BRITISH FERNS. THE causes which lie below the sudden and wide departures from the normal types which occur so frequently in the vegetable world, both under culture and under natural conditions, are such deeply hidden secrets of Nature, that so far no theory has ever been broached to account for the phenomena observed. In many cases, amongst highly cultivated plants, which by a long course of selective pro- pagation have lost all outward semblance of the original type, the sudden change of form is soon manifestly to be a case of reversion more or less complete to the normal. In these cases the change may be attributed, on the Darwinian hypothesis of Pangenesis, to the presence in the system of the plants of reproductive germs con- tinuously transmitted through many generations from the normal wild ancestor, which germs or gemmules, under favourable circumstances, over- power the inllueiK I the abnormal ones, and re- produce the more natural form whence they origi- nally sprang. This phenomenon takes place the more frequently through the seed or spore, the re- sulting plant, though derived from a highly modified form, reverting entirely or partially to the original type. Less frequently this rever- sion takes place in the bud, the result being a branch or offset springing directly from an abnormal parent, and yet devoid of all the cha- racters which long and careful selection through numerous generations had apparently perma- nently fixed in the parental constitution. How this may be brought about can be easily imagined by adopting the Pangenesis hypothesis already alluded to, for though in each successive generation of an abnormal form, the proportion of normal gemmules or reproductive molecules, which is transmitted in the blood or sap of til e offspring becomes reduced, their complete elimi- 480 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 19, 1890. nation is unlikely, hence a fortuitous collection of them at a given centre of growth, may deter- mine a predominance sufficient for the production of the old form instead of the modified one. The converse cases, however, in which very abnormal forms suddenly appear by bud, seed, or spore variation, to which we are indebted for moat of the myriad forms of flower, fruit, and foliage plants which figure in our botanical collections, and to a far greater extent in our florists' catalogues of the present day, permit of no Buch explanation. In these cases, it may and does happen that a type which has been steadfast for ages, suddenly assumes, through its reproductive centre, a form differing very widely indeed from the normal type. Such forms, moreover, may be and often are endowed with the power of transmitting these newly-acquired pecu- liarities quite constantly to their offspring, so that a permanent type is produced with the new characteristics. In many cases the metamor- phosis is so thorough, that reversion does not appear to occur at all. The abnormal new type, on the other hand, may be only partially modified, the result being not only more or less inconstancy, i.e., partial reversion, but also great diversity in the offspring, of which the majority may be entire reversions. Much of the difficulty which attends the study of these phenomena, and the deduction of any con- sistent theory from the result of the observations made, is doubtless due, in the first place, to the enormous area of research ; in the second, to the Bplitting up of that area by the fact that the dis- tinctive features of each tribe of plants are only likely to be properly noted by specialists, who re- strict themselves to a comparatively small field, and finally, by the want of some adequate general- ising brain to collate the data, and draw the deductions they may justify. Darwin himself has done this to an unparalleled extent in his Animals and Plants under Domestication, in which he brings together a vast host of facts derived from the animal and vegetable kingdoms, in both of which the phenomena of variation run on identical lines. The Fern specialist, however, cannot fail to be very strongly impressed by the necessarily in- complete record afforded by the work in question, when he finds that the very remarkable, and, in some respects, unique powers of variation possessed by the Fern family are summed up in a solitary short remark anent the power of spores taken from ab- normal fronds to reproduce the abnormal character. This is the more striking as the thousands of curious instances of sports and reversions which have occurred chiefly under natural conditions, i.e., in wild plants, render it probably a better represen- tative than any other of the manifold phenomena of variation. With a view, therefore, to the initiation of a record (supplementary, of course, to the data pub- lished in the works of the late Mr. T. Moore, Mr. E. J. Lowe, and others), I propose to give an account of the peculiar phenomena of constant and incon- stant variation which have come under my own personal experience, trusting that other Fern lovers may add their records thereto, and thus by bringing the various experiences to a focus render palpable some clue to the origin of the peculiarities observed ; jiiBt as our statisticians, by collecting a mass of apparently unconnected and inchoate figures, often find them arrange themselves into symmetrical groups and curves which reveal laws otherwise undreamt of. To begin with one of my own finds, Laitrea filix- maB polydactyla, Druery. This plant forms one of the most striking instances of unexpected incon- stancy and reversion. It was found in a roadside coppice, near Kilmarnock, in 1884, and when dis- covered was growing as a single crown in the midst of a dense mass of normal plants. The crown bore four or five fronds, each of full size, i.e., about a yard long, the tips of the fronds and extremities of all the pinnae being expanded into broad flat tassels, formed of, in many cases, more than a score of slender filaments. All the fronds were perfectly symmetrical, and the pinnas being longer and slenderer than in the normal form, the weight of the tassels imparted a peculiarly graceful pendulousness. On bringing it home, it was pronounced by the late Col. A. M. Jones, one of our best judges, to be by far the finest polydactylous form found, the next best not being more than half so much divided. As the plant was profusely sporiferous, an immediate Bowing was made, from the polydactylous tips only, in order that so charming a form might be perpetuated and dis- tributed. In due course, this being one of the de- ciduous forms of the species, it died down. The fol- lowing spring it rose vigorously, but was utterly un- recognisable, though perfectly healthy and robust, the fronds presented no sign whatever of cresting, and were mostly disfigured by a number of depau- perate pinna, the only abnormal feature distinguish- able, save perhaps, a faint trace of slenderness in the pinnse. Practically, with these exceptions, it seemed a thorough case of reversion. In the autumn a single frond arose with a few pinnaj slightly divided. Since that time, the large majority of the fronds have shown the depauperation only, the rest, with one ex- ception, which was fairlyMivided throughout, bearing traces only of cresting here and there. From the spores, taken carefully, it will be noted, from the most abnormal portions, viz., the much divided tips, a plentiful crop of young plants resulted, these followed exactly the same course, one or two started very promisingly, showing cresting in all the early fronds ; but one and all took eventually to reversion and depauperation exactly like the parents. At my suggestion a second search was made in the coppice, and a second precisely similar plant, with three crowns, was found, one of which was sent to me. This was obviously of identical origin as my own find, as it went through precisely the same course, viz., reversion, depauperation, and spasmodic attempts at reasaertion of the tasselled character. One of these three crowns, however, which was retained in Scotland, sent up in 1889 a perfectly symmetrical set of fronds fully equal in all respects to the state it was in when found. The instability of the abnormal character in this case is very extraordinary, when the perfect thoroughness, symmetry, and extreme development is considered. The depauperation of so many of the fronds, both in the finds themselves, and in the progeny of the first one, is also remarkable, for though it is entirely absent in this case, when the fronds are markedly polydactylous, we find it con- stantly correlated with another crested form of the same species (L. f.-m. Jervisii), a Staffordshire find, every frond of which is more or less depauperate on one side. Mr. Lowe also chronicles L. p. m. depauperata Monkmanni as a non-crested depau- perate seedling from the eristata form, which is very constant and symmetrical. Another crested form (Lowiae) is also recorded by the same authority as constantly partially depauperate. It is difficult to account for this correlation, as the abnormalities seem essentially opposed in character, one being a de- ficiency and the other a redundancy. Nor is this apparently a matter as at first sight it might seem to be, of robbing Peter to pay Paul, as there is no extra development of the pinnae on the opposite side of the frond to the depauperate portions, the occur- rence of which seems quite fortuitous. T. Druery, F.L.S., Fernholme, Forest Gate, Esse.v. (To be continued J New or Noteworthy Plants. ERANTHEMUM TUBERCULATUM, Hook. There are many plants cultivated in gardens that have never been referred to a botanist for identi- fication, and have received names without having been described at all, or with a very imperfect description from a botanical point of view, and it is always desirable that these should be identified with known species when possible. One of these botani- cally little- known plants was sent to Kew recently by Mr. Lynch, the Curator of the Cambridge Botanic Garden, under the name of Eranthemum eboracense, which, on comparing with the Kew Herbarium speci- mens, I find to be Eranthemum tuberculatum, Hook., described and figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 5405, and the Floral Magazine for 1864, vol. Hi., pi. 182. On looking for a reference for the garden name E. eboracense, I find it was sent out under this name by Mr. Bull in 1881, who gives a brief description of it on p. 18 of his catalogue for that year. Mr. Bull introduced it from Duke of York's Island, but it is also a native of New Caledonia, Isle of Pines, and the adjoining Loyalty Islands, and in all probability several other of the South Sea Islands. It is a pretty little shrub, with woody stems covered with small tubercles, from which it receives its name. The leaves are exceedingly variable in size, even in the same specimen, ranging from one-third of an inch to 2 inches in length ; they are elliptic, elliptic- oblong, or oblong, slightly sinuate on the margin, obtuse at the apex, and narrowed into the petiole at the base. The flowers are freely produced; they are about an inch in diameter, with a tube of the same length, and are pure white. N. E. Brown. The Hanbury institute.— Mr. Thomas Hah- bury, of the riches of whose garden at La Mortola we have so often had occasion to speak, has founded, in connection with the University of Genoa, a botanical laboratory and museum, which will be placed under the direction of Professor Penzig. The botanical institute will be open to all properly accredited students, whether connected with the University or not. It is expected that the buildings will be finished so as to be utilised for the Botanical Congress, to be held at Genoa in 1892, in connection with a Geographical Congress and the Columbus festival. LISIANTHUS. The plant figured as Prepusa Hookeriana, p. 421 [and which we may here say was flowered at Kew], with the remark that " many of these Gen- tians, such as Lisianthus, are difficult to cultivate," suggest remarks on their cultivation. It may be taken for granted that many plants of supposed difficult management are easily enough grown, when their cultural requirements have been discovered. The Prepusa referred to was discovered in the first place by Mr. Gardner, and the figure in the Botanical Magazine was from a drawing made of native speci- mens, no clue being given as to how tbe plants sent over in a living state throve under cultivation. Gardner says he found it on the " summit of the Organ Mountains, at an elevation of 6,857 feet above the level of the sea, growing in large patches in moist exposed places, and flowering in March and April." Here, in a few words, is a valuable clue to the system of cultivation best adapted for this par- ticular plant. It may not be that a too close imita- tion of the natural conditions under which a plant iB found growing is the best, or one that it is pos- sible to follow ; but it is well that we should know what they are. The Asplenium marinum grows freely, exposed to every wind that blows on the rugged rocks over- hanging the sea ; but if by careful management we may chisel some of them out alive, and transfer them to our gardens, they succeed there best in a warm vinery, under the Vines— conditions the very opposite of the natural ones. In the year 1835. Mr. Drummond sent home some seeds from San Felipe d'Austin, Texas, with the remark that the plants from which they were gathered were not excelled in beauty by any. The seeds were sown, and the plants flowered in 1837, first under the care of Mr. Turn- bull, at Bothwell Castle, and then in the Glasgow Botanic Garden, by Sir W. J. Hooker, K.H. The plant was Lisianthus Russellianus, named in honour of the Duke of Bedford of that time, a liberal patron of gardening. The figure in the Botanical Magazine, t. 3626, from Mr. Turnbull's plant, shows a remark- ably well-grown spray. Now here is a plant supposed to be difficult of Apbil 10, 1890.] THE GARDENER S' CHI? OKI CLE. 481 cultivation, whereas it is easily grown if it gets They are very small, and much like those of proper attention, and when well grown is worthy Calceolaria. The mode of culture to ensure certain of intense admiration. If good seeds can be pro- success is this :— The seeds are sown in a pot or pan cured, that is the chief thing; plants could not of fine sandy peat, which has previously been Fig. T-'.-narcissds sie watkin: perianth canaky- yellow, oonos'A deep yellow. (see p. 493 ) easily be obtained in the trade, and even if they could, I advise the purchase of a packet for about a shilling. The seeds are not always good, as not being much in request, they may not always be new. watered and allowed to drain, and is sprinkled over lightly with silver-sand. A piece of glass is placed on the pot, which is shaded from the sun. The sowing may take place in May or June, and I find a good place for the seed-pots is a shelf near the glass in an intermediate-house. If the soil should become dry before the plants appear, it must be wetted by plunging the pot or pan in water for half a minute, or long enough to wet the mould, but not to saturate it ; for if the mould be made too wet, the seeds may perish. When the plants appear they will want careful attention, and if water is required, it should be applied as before. When ready to prick off, place three plants round the sides of small pots ; they do not grow very rapidly, but they would require to be shifted into 4 or 5-inch pots by September, and would pass through the winter in these pots on a shelf near the glass in a warm house ; but the plants have an awkward habit of dying off during the winter, and to reduce the losses, I would still advise dipping the plants instead of watering them in the usual way. [To avoid the necessity for frequent waterings during winter, it has been found to be an advantage to plunge the pots containing them in other and bigger pots, filling in the intervening space with sand, fine coal-ashes, or sandy peat. When growing, the plants may stand in saucers iu which is a little water, taking care that the pot is full of roots first. Ed.] When the plants begin to grow early in the spring, let them be repotted into 8 aud 9-inch pots, and in these they will produce their flowers about July and August. I wintered a fine lot of plants some ten or fifteen years ago in a Cucumber-house, where the temperature was seldom below (55°, and they grew into very fine flowering specimens. The plants should also be shaded when they flag in bright sunshine early in the year. I have had single pota of these plants with a hundred flowers upon them ; these are of a lilac-purple colour, and resemble those of a small Tulip. Sixteen years ago, I wrote an article on the culture of this plant for the Florist and Pomologist, which brought out another in the next number from that good gardener, Mr. James Barnes of Exmouth, wherein he quite agreed with the above method of culture, and described how well an amateur of small means grew them at Exmouth, he having only a small greenhouse and a two-light pit. This amateur, by name Webber, used 10 and 12-inch pots in which to grow his plants, and a compost of well- decom- posed cow-dung, leaf-mould, heath soil or light turfy loam, and plenty of sharp sand to keep the compost open. One point in their culture I noted, that in winter the pots containing the plants were placed in saucers, the reason being that they were never watered on the surface of the soil, " but tepid water is always applied to the saucers." If the surface of the soil, late in autumn and through the winter, is watered, the plants are very liable to shrink off or canker at the surface, and that, too, very suddenly. When the old plants have flowered, they may be thrown away, unless it is intended to save seeds from them. They are produced freely in a green- house. L. princeps is a very desirable plant if we could obtain living plants, and flower them. Dr. Lindley first described this beautiful plant in vol. iv. of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, September 12, 1819. But he had not seen a living plant. M. Linden, of the Luxembourg nur- sery, had raised it from seed, but it had not flowered with him at that time ; but it was figured later in the Flore des Serres. Dr. Lindley described it as a plant of great beauty, the corolla being 5 inches long, and 1 inch wide in the widest part ; the cup of the calyx is half an inch deep, and we now know the corolla is yellow and crimson. It is a native of New Grenada. I remember being present at a sale in Stevens' Rooms some eighteen years ago when a packet of seeds, sent home by some collector, was sold for about £17, Mr. B. S. Williams being the purchaser. Whether any of the seeds vegetated, I do not know ; but I have not heard of, nor ever saw a flowering plant of it. Collectors ought to look out for thia fine plant. In the same year that Dr. Lindley published his account of L. princeps, another rather pretty species , L. pulcher, was figured in Hot, Mai;., t. 4424, Thia 482 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Aprii/19, 1890. species is also of New Grenada, and was detected by Mr. Purdie on the Monte del Moro in October, 1845. It forms a tall shrub, 5 to 7 feet high, and the spikes of flowers are much like a scarlet Pentstemon, with the flowers having a white throat. It grows, Mr. Purdie says, at an elevation of 7000 to 8000 feet, on shelly limestone rocks, which are merely covered with a thin stratum of dry peaty soil. It would be a great boon to many of these two last-named beau- tiful plants could be freely cultivated ; it is not much use writing about them, except to ascertain where and how they are grown. J. Douglas. A HISTORY OF ENGLISH GAR- DENING. {Continued from p. 418.) Elizabethan Gardening. On either side of the " open " paths of the garden, were often ranged at various distances from one another, columns of stone,* "• greate Turkie Jarres," pyramids of wood, or of other material, or "large Carnation pots." The latter, Sir Hugh Piatt tells ns, were generally pierced " with ranks of sloping holes of the bigness of a man's finger, each rank one inch distant from another," then planted with " Car- nations or Lilies," and in every hole was set a plant of Hyssop or Thyme, which was " kept even by much clipping." These Carnation pots, we gather from the same old author, were set upon " fair pillars " in the garden. !' " Also," writes Piatt, continuing, " you may make either of stone or of wood, pyramids, losinges, circles, pentagons, or any forme of beasteor fowle, in wood, or burnt clay full of slope holes (as before in Gileflower pots) ; these being planted with hearbes, will very speedily growe greene according to the forme they are planted in. And in this manner, in two years space you may make a high pyramid of thyme or rosemary." f The knots, as we have mentioned in a pre- vious article, consisted of flower-beds (sometimes merely marked off by a border from the same level as the adjoining ground, sometimes raised about a foot above the level of the gravel walks §), edged, as Farkinson observes, with " living herbs or dead materials." " Of herbs," writes Parkinson, " there are many sorts wherewith the knots and beds in a garden are used to be set." Dwarf Box, which appears to have been introduced into this country by the French gardeners, || was the material most commonly used, though Thrift, we are told, was the "most aunciently received." Gerarde, writing in 1597, remarks that the latter plant was much used for " the bordering up of beds and banks for which it serveth very fitly." It also had a " tendencie to growe thicke and bushie," and " in summer tyme sent forth many short stalks of plea- sant flowers which serveth to deck up a house among other sweet herbs." Germander, Hyssop, Marjoram, Savory, and Thyme, " in like manner being sweet herbs," were also used " to border up the beds and knots."!' Lavender cotton, being " a raretie and a noveltie," was only used in the gardens of " great persons."** Slips of Juniper and Yew were also "received of some, and planted because they are always greene." The " dead materials which Par- kinson speaks of were," as he says, " verie divers," and consisted of leads, tiles, bones, " round whitish or blue pebble stones of some reasonable proportion and bigness, and such-like things." The pattern of the knots was strictly geometric, stiff and formal, like the patterns of Arabic tracery, but withal very well adapted for filling in with har- " Hentzner, writing in 1598, tells ua of columns and pyramids of wood and other material? " up and down the garden," at Theobalds. t Piatt, Garden of Eden, p. 75. I Ibid., p. 76. In hot weather Piatt tell us that these pyra- mids were to be covered with canvas, and watered now and then by some artificial means. i Thomas Hill. Profitable Art, tyc, p. 13. ji See Gardeners' Chronicle, vol. iv., p. 737. ^ Parkinson's Paradisvs, p. 5. ** Ibid., p. 6. monious colouring. Sometimes the knots were filled with divers coloured earths, but as Bacon remarks, "they be but toys: you may see as good sights many times in tarts." More generally, how- ever, they were thickly planted with flowers. Parkinson mentions an arrangement of spring flowers which, " all planted in some proportion, as neare one unto another as is fit for them will give such a grace to the garden, that the place will seem like a piece of tapestry of many glorious colours, to increase every one's delight." He also tells us that " Tulipas may be so matched, one colour answering and setting off another, that the place where they stand may resemble a piece of curious needlework or piece of painting." Those kinds of flowers which " being strangers unto us, and giving the beauty and bravery of their colours so early, before many of our owne bred flowers, the most to entice us to their delight," were the most generally chosen by the Elizabethan gardeners for filling in the knots. It was one of the chief aims of the gardener to produce a rich effect of colour, and therefore he planted such flowers as Daffodils, Fri- tillarias, Hyacinths, Saffron flowers, Lilies, Iiises, Tulips, Anemones, and a " number of such other flowers, very beautiful, delightful, and pleasant, whereof although many have little scent to com- mend them, yet their earliness and exceeding great beautie and variety doth so far countervaile that defect, that they are almost in all places with all persons, especially with the better sort of the gentry of the land, as greatly desired and accepted as any other the most choicest, and the rather, for that the most part of these outlandish flowers doe show forth their beauty and colours so early in the yeare, that they seem to make a garden of delight even in the winter time, and doe so give their flowers one after another, that all their bravery is not spent until Gilliflowers, the pride of English gardens, do show themselves."* Of Daffodils there were almost a hundred sorts, " every one to be distinguished from the other," and many of them bore flowers " so exceeding sweete, that a very few " were " sufficient to perfume a whole chamber." Of Fritillarias or " Checkered Daffodils," there were some " half a score, several sorts, both white and red, both yellow and blacke, which," says Parkinson, " are a wonderfull grace and ornament to a garden in regard of the chequer-like spots that are in the flowers." Of Hyacinths there were nearly fifty sorts, " some like unto little bells or stars, others like little bottles or pearles, both white and blew, sky-coloured and blush, and some starlike of many pretty various formes, and all to give delight to them that will be curious to observe them." Of Crocuses there were only about twenty sorts known to the Elizabethan gardeners. One of these, the " Medowe Saffron," was called "the sonne before the father," but, as Parkinson observes, " not pro- perly!" "Then have wee," writes the same old author elsewhere, " twenty several kinds of Lillies,'' among which he reckons the Crown Imperial "that for his stately forme deserveth some special place in the garden." This latter plant was a great favourite with the Elizabethans, and is often mentioned in the poetry of the period. Shakespeare, it will be remembered, mentions it in Winter's Tale, act iv., scene i.t Many varieties of Martagon Lilies were grown, "both white and red, both blush and yellow," and they were generally set by " them- selves apart as it were, in a small round or square of a knot without many other, or tall flowers, growing neare them." The number of sorts of Tulips grown by the Elizabethan gardeners were " so many as to be almost infinite." They were, too, of " such won- derfull variety and mixture of colours," that it was " almost impossible for the wit of man to decipher them thoroughly." The Tulip was introduced into this country probably about the year 1577,} and less # Parkinson's Paradisus, p. 8. t Gerard writing in 1597, mentions that it had been brought from Constantinople among other bulbous roots, and made " a denizen in our London gardens." Htrbal, p. 151. \ See Gerarde's Herb tl. than fifty years afterwards we read that there was not " one lady or gentlewoman of any worth," in the whole realm, " that was not caught with the de- light of cultivating these flowers, or not delighted with them." Anemones or Windflowers were also planted out in the knots because they were " so full of variety and so dainty, so pleasant and so delightsome flowers, that the sight of them doth enforce an earnest longing desire in the miude of anyone to be a possessor of some of them at the least." Another flower grown in the borders was the " Beare's ear," or Auricula, and of it were many varieties of " many differing colours, not unfurnished with a pretty sweet scente which doth add an increase of pleasure to those that make them an ornament for their wearing." Of Irises there were many sorts, and they were much esteemed. " The Greater Flagge," says Parkinson, " well doth serve to dtcke up a garden and house." " But," he continues, " the chief of all is your sable flower, so fit for a mourning habit, that I thinke in the whole compasse of Nature's store, there is not a more pathetical, or of greater corres- pondency, nor yet among all the flowers that I know any one coming neare unto the colour of it." The Hepatica was " another flower of account, whereof some are white, others red or blue or purple." The Elizabethan gardeners also cultivated in their knots a number of varieties of Ranunculi and French Mari- golds, which made a glorious show for colour." The " side-beds " of the Elizabethan Gardens — the beds which were laid out immediately inside the garden walls, were generally reserved for the culti- vation of what Parkinson calls "English " flowers Among these may be noted : Primroses and Cow- slips, " whereof there be many varieties."* Wall- flowers, " very delightful to be set under a parlour or chamber window."!' Sweet Williams, grown as Gerarde remarks, " more to please the eie than either the nose or the bellie." | Snapdragons and Columbines, " single and double, of many sorts, fashions, and colours, very variable, both speckled and party-coloured; " "flowers of that respect that no garden would willingly be without them that could tell how to have them." Pansies or Hearts- ease, " of divers colours ; and, although without scent, yet not without some repute and delight." Double Poppies, " of a great and goodly proportion, adorning a garden with their variable colours, to the delight of the beholders." Stocks, " almost as com- mon as Wallflowers, especially the single kinds, in every woman's garden.'' Double Daisies, " white, red blush, speckled, and party-coloured." Double Mari- golds, Canterbury Bells, P;conies, double and single ; and Carnations and Gillyflowers, "whose bravery, and variety, and sweet smell, joyned together, tyeth everyone's affection with great earnestness, both to like "and to have them." Besides these old-fashioned plants, Sunflowers, Hollyhocks, and a few other large-growing ones, not suitable for planting in the knots, were cultivated in the " side-beds." P. E. N, {To be continued.) Nursery Notes. CINERARIAS AT FARN1IAM ROYAL. On April 29, 1879, eleven years ago, there was issued with the Gardeners' Chronicle a coloured illus- tration of three of the red-hued varieties of Mr. James's then popular strain of Cinerarias. The production of this plate on the occasion of a recent visit served most admirably to mark time in the onward advance made by Cinerarias when compared with the wonderful flowers of to-day. Taking the plate referred to as evidence of the life size of the blooms at the date named, it is certain that during the past decade Cineraria flowers have practically doubled in average size, and have as greatly advanced in breadth and stoutness of petal. At the recent visit referred to, there was special interest attached to the • Parkinson's Paradisas, p. 11. t Bacon's Essays on Gardens. J Herbal (mi), p. 479. Aphil 10, 1890.] The gardeners' chronicle. 483 presence of one visitor who had been a grower of Cinerarias for market largely some 30 to 35 years ago, and in whose day Weatherill's strain occupied the place of pride. With the recollection of these flowers of old days still strongly lingering in his mind, and full of belief that it was the best strain ever seen, the old grower confessed that he was astounded at what he saw of the Cinerarias at Farnham Royal. If the illustration of but eleven years ago shows by comparison how great is the advance made in that short interval, it is not at all difficult to realise what has been the advance made in some thrice that length of time. But it is not only in size and quality of bloom that advance has been made. There is a remarkable advance in habit evident. A tall leggy plant is never seen at Farnham Royal, although some 2,500 are just now blooming there, yet the front row ranks start at 10 inches, and they rise gradually up to a height of 14 inches, but nothing taller. Thus we find an average of about 12 inches as the natural height of the present good strain of Cinerarias, and those which are taller and leggy in habit should be dis- carded. If there be no great variation in colours beyond what were seen in the old days, there is much greater body and more defined markings. It is difficult to define the most pleasing, as the selfs are so rich, whilst the ringed flowers are so lively. There has been a very marked advance in the pure self, indeed these stand out as a specially valuable section, because of the ever-increasing demand for white flowers. Mr. James mentions that the white selfs invariably come very true to colour from seed. Taking the selfs as found in one long house, they start with big blotches of whites, then rich cobalt blues, purples, rosy-reds, and deep reds and crimsons. Whilst the whites are pretty much alike, there is divergence of shade and tint in the other sections, but for seed-saving purposes some half dozen of colours suffices. In a second house are blocked in a similar way the edged or ringed flowers. Of these come first the blues in diverse tints, all wondrously beautiful and effective. Then follow the purple and purplish-red tints.some of the blooms being of inordin- ate size. The most brilliant section, however, is found in the deep red and crimson-lined edged (lowers ; these make glorious banks of colour, and, seen in the subdued sunlight, are beautiful indeed. Finally came the light reds and carmine-edged flowers— a very pleasing selection. Some flowers of the best possible form measure from 3 inches to '.)] inches, but the average size is about 2.} inches. The entire show will be in the finest lorm about the middle of April, and a month later the splendid collection of Calceolarias will be a brilliant show also. A large number of plants in 10-inch pots we may hope to see in London when in full bloom. They nre just now the very picture of health. A. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. BRIDGENT TLACE, BEX LEY. Worthy of ranking among the leading collections in the neighbourhood of London stands that of Mrs. Arbuthnot. The garden, a fine one, has been laid out with taste and discrimination by her son, F. G. Arbuthnot, Esq., and an excellent selection of Orchids made, which, thanks to the good accommo- dation provided for them, and the skill of Mr. Mitchell, the gardener, have attained to great vigour and floriferousness. In every collection there is a leading feature — a something which strikes the visitor more forcibly than anything else ; and this feature at Iiridgen Place comprises the Cattleyas and the Odontoglos- sums. At present the latter give the better show, and it is not often that one sees a display more satisfactory than that which is found in the commo- dious Odontoglossum-hou8e at the present time. There are scores of fine spikes of O. crispum and O. 1'escatorei of a very fine strain, all being large- flowered, some prettily spotted, and shaded with crimson and rose, and one is of a very great size and unusual form, the labellum being elongated so as to approach the petals in length. Another exception- ally fine strain is that of the O. Rossii majus, which at Bridgen Place appears in much variety. Let us select the three best. First should come O. Rossii rubescens, a plant with several spikes and flowers, the latter suffused with bright rosy-lilac; then comes a variety with flowers of fine size and sub- stance, the petals and labellum wax-like, and of a clear French white ; and the third with an unique crimped labellum, much longer than usual, the callus at the base of the lip bright yellow, and the rest of its surface, and the petals, beautifully veined with pink. In addition to the reddish blotches usually seen on the lower half of the petals, the variety in question has several ether large blotches irregularly scattered over the outer half of the petals. These are three charming forms of O. Rossii majus. In the same house, in bloom, were some fine plants of O. triumphans, a noble form of O. Harryanum, O. luteo-purpureum, O. Andersonianum, 0. Wilcke- anum, 0. odoratum gloriosum, the beautiful Onci- dium lamelligerum, Masdevallias, and other showy things. About the staging of this house : it will be well to remark that the close staging for giving off moisture is covered with small coal, the upper open staging being a wood frame covered with half-inch galvanised wire-netting for the plants to stand on, the legs of the upper staging standing in pans of water on the close staging, in order to keep creeping insects of all kinds from having access to the plants. Rain-water is used, and a syftem of free ventilation believed in and acted upon. In the other two divisions of the new range of cool-house are, in the first division, magnificent Miltonia vexillaria and Cypripedium hirsutissimum, C. villosnm aureum, C. Boxalli, C. callosum, and others, in bloom. In the second division is a splen- did piece of Maxillaria Sanderiana with three of its noble white and crimson flowers; a beautiful form of Miltonia cuneata, whose flower segments are yellow or buff ut the tips; a pretty Ciclogyne bre- viscapa with many flower-spikes ; Odontoglossum hastilabium ; some fine species of O. cordatum ; Epidendrum prismatocarpum ; and here, as in some of the other houses, are some grandly flowering plants of Oncidium sarcodes. In the Cattleya-houses are some fine forms of C. Triamc in bloom, also C. Schroderx, the very hand- some C. labiata speciosissima, and, well set with sheaths, some good specimens of C. labiata Warneri, ('. Mendelii, ami all the other showy Cattleyas and Lssliai. In this range, too, is to be seen a fine display of varieties of Lycaste Skiuneri ; a charm- ing variety of the crimson Broughtonia sanguinea ; a grandly flowered specimen of Oncidium Marshalli- anum with a seven-branched spike ; two specimens of Ada aurantiaca, each with eight spikes; Cym- bidenm cburneum, and some Odontoglossums. In the East Indian house were Fhalrenopsis of all the leading species — large, well-flowered plants, some sprays of P. grandiflora and 1'. Euddemaniana superba being especially good. Here, too, in bloom, are Angrrccum citratum and Miltonia phalamopsis, the last-named growing very vigorously, and sending up spikes in profusion, in a corner allotted to it, just within the doorway. In the stoves and general plant-houses — of which there are many, and all in fine order — were specimen Anthuriums, now well furnished with spathes, and other stove foliage plants with these being the Pendrobes, among which were 1). fimbriatum, I), f. oculutum, D. nobile, 1). Devonianum, the rare 1). chlorops, with twenty to thirty of its yellowish- white flowers on each spike, and others now in bloom. J. O'B. The Kilns, I'.u.kibk. The name ol John Gair, Esq., is familiar to all Orchid growers in Scotland. I had looked forward with pleasant anticipation for some time to a visit I was to pay to The Kilns. The collection has been recently thinned of some of the duplicate and surplus plants, which have been disposed of, but the houses seem to be, in spite of this, as well filled as before Plants of Cattleya Trianre were making a good show in its varied forms ; and the following Cypripediums were in flower: — C. Druryi, caudatum, Sedeni, can- didulum, Warneri, Dominianum, and others ; C. grande was also showing a fine flower-spike. The delicately coloured Dendrobium luteolum was flower- ing freely beside its brighter ally, D. lituiHorum, and overhead were two fine pans of Dendrochilon (Pla- tyclinis) glumacenm, at their best— not one of the most strikingly coloured, but certainly one of the sweetest-scented Orchids we have. Fine masses of Cattleya citrina, on blocks, were growing and flowering freely, as a rule. Mr. Fair- bairn told me these plants had been in his charge for some years, and they do not show the slightest diminution in size of plant or of flowers. Odontoglossum Cervantesi, and var. roseum, were flowering side by side, showing the superiority of the latter over the type. Other varieties of Odontoglossum were well represented by 0. crispum, 0. triumphans, 0. Rossi in variety, and 0. glorio- sum. A striking object in this house was a compact mass of Sophronitis grandiflora, covered with its brilliant flowers. Of a large number of Dendrobium nobile some were in flower, large pieces of the pure white variety, D. nobile album, being amongst them. These were in bud, and seemed to be quite as free-flowering as the type form. I have seen this variety in bloom, and can speak as to its beauty. It not only flowers freely, but the flowers last a long time. The work of hybridising has not been neglected here, for I was shown some promising seedling Cypripediums. This, as I have often heard it remarked, is a slow part of the business. Granted thnt it is; by patience and perseverance good results are sure to come, and no one knows excepting those who have indulged in it, how interesting it is to watch the progress of seedling Orchids. Other departments at The Kilns are quite in keep- ing with the Orchid-houses, everything being in the best of order and good keeping. I returned to Loch Long feeling amply repaid for my visit by witnessing the results of Mr. Eairbairn's skill as a gardener. ■I. Brown, Arddarroch, Loch Long, If.B. Florists' Flowers. THE HOLLYHOCK. Trans were very few raisers of the Hollyhock in England forty years ago. As far as I can recol- lect, Messrs. Paul, of Cheshunt, were taking them up. Mr. Baron, a shoemaker, and Mr. William Chater, both of Saffron Walden, had been doing good work for some years previously, and had laid a foundation that other men have built upon. It was stated, then, as it has been since, that Chater's best flowers were raised from seeds obtained from foreign sources; but in a communication of his in the Florist, vol. i., p. 323, this is denied. He says, " Neither Mr. Baron or myself ever had foreign seeds ; they are all true English sorts. I have seen thousands raised from foreign seeds, but never in my life have I seen more than one or two which I considered worthy to rank as first-rate flowers. I procured a variety from Mr. Rivers, of Siwbridgeworth, which, he told me, he raised from German seeds, I call it Turantia; it is novel in its colour, and good in form. At that time the characters of the different varieties had not been fixed, as is now the case ; for it is a well known fact, that seedlings raised from a good variety will come as good, and of much the same colour as the parent. There may be 50 per cent, of them below the quality of the parent, but as many will be as good, and some excel it in quality. I fancy Mr. Chater's flowers must have been ferti- lised by bees, which are very fond of the nectar of the flowers. M-. Chater remarked that "some sorts have a THE GAUD EXE US' CUB OKI CLE. [Apiul 19, 1890. peculiar propensity to sport into opposite characters ; for instance, Black Prince will always produce some of a creamy-white, as well as black, and this I am quite certain from the same plant, and I believe from the same seed-pod. Reds again, will produce yellows ; and yellows, reds, as well as various tints and shades." The Saffron Walden flowers of Baron and Chater were of good form, high in the centre, but rather small. The Scotch flowers are large and fiat, with wide guard petals, like Tarn o'Shanter bonnets. One of the raisers of Hollyhocks was Mr. John Laing, of Dysart, now of Stanstead Park Nur- sery, S.E., who was constantly looking out for what he could improve. He tried to cross the Tarn o'Shanter bonnet type with the small, neat and high centred Saffron Walden Seedlings, and was very successful, and in a few years had almost revolu- tionised the Hollyhock. The Hollyhock is hardy enough, but to grow such flowers as may be seen at Newcastle-on-Tyne and other northern exhibitions, they must be wintered in pots in cold frames or in a cool greenhouse. Two classes of plants must be prepared. Those intended to flcwer from the end of July well into August should be raised from cuttings or single eyes the previous summer or early autumn. The latest flowering plants may be struck from cuttings or root- grafts in the spring ; the plants to flower earliest may be planted in April, and the later ones in May. Seedlings are easiest managed, and need no glass protection in winter. Sow the seeds in May, and grow the young plants on in boxes, or on a piece of well-prepared garden ground, until they are large enough to plant out where they are to flower, which will be some time in July. Plant in rows 4 feet apart and 3 feet asunder in the rows; they will flower grandly the following season. Some good growers in the south have become greatly discouraged, because of the Hollyhock fungus (Puccinia malvacearum) attacking the leaves in every stage of their development. The growers in the north have to contend with this same trouble- some disease in their plants, but they are determined to have Hollyhocks in their gardens, and struggle on against it as best they can. A theory has been pro- pounded that the forcing in the spring of grafts and cuttings by means of heat has weakened the consti- tution of the plants, and made the leaves a fit host for the fungus, which shows itself on the under-sides in the form of brown spots, the leaves being some- times sparingly, and at other times densely, covered with them. My own experience of the last few years may be instructive, or, at the least, of interest to cultivators. During the winters of 1887 — S and 1888 — 9 the plants were left out, scattered about in different positions in the flower-garden ; at least a third of them were killed by the severity of the weather, and during two seasons the plants flowered fairly well without showing any trace of the disease. As an experiment, all the plants were dug up in the autumn, planted in pots, and placed in a cold pit. Early in the year I set to work to propagate as many plants as possible by means of cuttings. These were taken with a heel, and planted singly in thumb-pots, rather moist soil being employed, as it is not con- sidered safe to water the cuttings at all until roots are formed. They were placed in gentle bottom-heat in a forcing-house, and, to prevent flagging, they were covered with a close-fitting hand-light. Under this treatment all the cuttings made roots, and as they were taken out of the hand-glass, it was found that some of them had taken the " disease." I am sure I do not know where the resting- spores were during the last two years, or in what subtle way the disease propagated itself under that close hand-glass. I am treating it with flowers-of-sulphur in a dry state this year, and I imagine that we shall arrest its further progress. Of course, a mere dusting of the surface would not have much effect, but a careful workman takes the sulphur between his finger and thumb, rubbing it well into the surface of the affected leaves ; also dusting all those leaves not diseased. The Holly- hock stools which were taken up seem to be so far free from fungus, and are ready to be planted out — I left one growth on each stool. The young plants are making good progress, and will be strong enough to plant out where they are to flower early next month. I would here urge the importance of giving the plants very rich deep soil to grow in ; the Hollyhock requires rich land, deeply dug, so that the roots may penetrate it easily, which they will do to the depth of 3 feet. A mulching of manure put on the soil after planting is a good aid to healthy growth. I also like to put the permanent stakes to the plants at planting time, so that no injury can occur to their roots by blindly driving them into the soil. It is desirable to place some rich potting soil around the roots of each plant genial warmth with careful attention as regards ventilation would improve them — but the point to be aimed at in good cultivation is to maintain a grow- ing temperature round the plants from the time the stems of the trusses are visible. Forcing Auriculas into flower in the way that some spring flowers are forced is out of the question ; they will not stand it. The only way to apply artificial heat is to place the plants in a position near the roof; the atmosphere should be moderately moist, and the temperature such as will not draw the plants in leaf nor flower stems. In cold weather I do not like the minimum temperature to rise above 40°, and keep the ventilators open a little all night long. All the trusses have strong stems to support them without the aid of sticks, although the natural tendency Via. 73.— narcissus globy of leyden : perianth deep primrose- yellow, corona RICH YELLOW. (SEE P. 493.) when planting it, especially if the soil be heavy. J. Douglas. The Auricula. We have now passed the middle of April, and whatever turn the weather may take, the season cannot be an early one. The plants in frames, even the earliest of them, are yet in bud, and the cold winds blowing prevent the expansion of the delicate blossoms. Warm nights and moderate sun- shine are absolutely necessary for the making of a perfect pip. The edges are always more or less im- perfect, and the pips have a poor pinched appear- ance when the plants are forced or the flowers allowed to open in cold weather. Imperfections, such as serrated edges, arise from excessive cold after the pips are formed, or too much heat to push them into flower; and if they are injured by cold, no after- treatment would develop perfect flowers, although a of some is to push in a lateral direction, owing to their position on the plants. The stems are not weaker than those that are upright ; but they do not look well in such a position, and we place neat sticks to them to keep them erect. Auricula fanciers will not mind the trouble involved in thinning out the pips where they are too numerous on the trusses. Many varieties produce immense trusses, with from twenty to thirty pips on each ; when this is the case, a number of the centre pips will be below the medium size, a few will be altogether imperfect— these ought to be removed. Many practical gardeners who have no general knowledge of florists' flowers, nor any particular fancy for Auriculas, may smile at all this trouble, as they call it ; but it is really no trouble at all, and an Auricula fancier could not stand by and see well-marked pips elbowed out of place by those that are more or less imperfect. All offsets of the best varieties should be put in Apbil 19, 1890.] THE GARDEXEfiS' CHRONICLE, 485 at once, as with careful culture such will make good flowering plants for next year ; and those offsets that are rooted should be potted on as they require it, using moderately rich soil, and rather lighter for the young plants than for full-grown specimens. Greenfly I can deal with, either by dipping the plants, or fumigating the house or frames ; but the white aphis (Trama auricuke), is a great puzzle, it not only clings round the necks of the plants, covering every part of it, but pushes downwards amongst the roots, and fills up the interstices in the drainage. Recently it has taken another form, and tiny white things have come up from the roots, and have for a time covered the leaves. They do this during the early summer; but I noticed a plant to-day, a green-leaved variety, thickly sprinkled with it. It is rather unaccountable that no evil effects follow EDIBLE PIXE SEEDS. The seeds of many of the Conifers form an edible nut in very many countries. Those of the Stone Pine (Pinus pinea) are largely used at dessert with wine in Italy, under the name of Pignones or Pine Nuts. The seeds of the following species are edible : P. albicaulis, P. cembra, P. Coulteri, P. edulis, P. Gerardiana. P. Lambertiana, P. Llaveana, P. monophylla or Fremontiana, P. nionticola, P. pinea, P. Sibiniana, P. Torreyana. The seeds of the Pine cones are in many instances in Europe and America preferred to Almonds, in consequence of their more aromatic and delicate taste, and their moderate price, which ranges from £2 10s. to £3 per cwt., according to the abundance of the yield, The first quality, Pignones, unshelled, FlO. 74. — NARCISSUS MADAME DE OBAAFF i WHITE PERIANTH, CREAM YELLOW COEONA, (SBS P. 493.) these raids upon the leaves, any more than they do from an attack upon the roots. A florist friend re- marked recently that the aphis lodged upon the Auriculas but did not board there, and was met by the pertinent query, " Where did they board, then ?" For my part I cannot answer the question, but they resemble very much the white woolly aphis that lives or lodges upon Lettuce roots. I have seen, as others also have seen, the roots of full-grown Lettuces covered with this insect, but the plants were apparently uninjured, and yet they must get their sustenance from the plants in some way, or whv should they cling so pertinaciously to them. J. Doii(/!as. Flowers in the Scilly Islands. — Two hundred tons of flowers, 800 tons of Potatos, 150 tons of vegetables, 3 tons of Seakale, and 5 tons of Tomatos, were sent last vear from Scilly. The rate of carriage to Covent Garden is, Bays Mr. Hukwfb, 7s. Gd. per cwt., and the salesman's charge 10 per cent., if he supplies boxes. are chiefly consumed in steamboats during long voy- ages, or for dessert at the principal hotels, either by themselves, or mixed with Sicily Almonds. They are shipped in small cases of half a hundred-weight to 1 cwt. The seeds of Pinus albicaulis are used as food by the Indians of British Columbia. The nuts of P. Coulteri of California, are nutritious. Those of P. edulis of New Mexico, are produced in immense quantities, and are of a very pleasant flavour. Of the seeds of the Nevada or edible Pine of Nepal (P. Gerardiana), there is a local proverb, " One tree support a man's life in winter." The seeds are col- lected and stored for winter use, and largely eaten by the hill tribes as Nuts, especially in Afghanistan and Kafristan : they are brought to India by the Afghan traders. The edible seeds of P. Lambertiana of California, are edible, and much appreciated; so are the large seedn of P. monophylla, of the Rocky Moun- tains, ofan Almond-like flavour, which are consumed in quantities by the Indians, as those of P. nionticola. The seeds of P. monophylla, common on the borders of Lower California are gathered by the Indians for food ; though rich and good when fresh, they are more digestible when roasted, in which condition they are made into a palatable bread or mush. The interior of the young cones is also eaten. The har- vest commences as soon as the cones begin to open. The children gather the cones from the ground, and women pluck them from the trees, lower- ing their collection from time to time in a net. To facilitate the opening of the cones, they are thrown on hot ashes for a few minutes ; the seeds are then re- moved, put into an earthen pot over a slow fire, and after a few stirrings, are sufficiently 'parched to render the husk brittle, so as to be easily removed. The nuts of P. Torreyana, a very rare Pine, growing only on the hills in Southern California, are also used as food by the Indians near by. An average cone will contain about 130 large and whole- some seeds, weighing 3 ounces. The Pinus pinea is cultivated for its edible seeds, which has a taste resembling Sweet Almonds. They have, when kept, a resinous though not a disagree- able taste, and should be left in the cones until they are about to be used, as otherwise they speedily become rancid. They only ripen in their third year. In Switzerland the seeds of the Stone Pine are used both as food and an article of luxury. The shell being very hard, and requiring time and skill to separate it from the kernel, the doing so forms an amusement for some persons in the long winter evenings. The clustered heavy cones of P. Sabiniana of California and the Rocky Mountains attain a length of 1 foot. The edible seeds are produced in great profusion, and constituted formerly a large pro- portion of the winter food of the native tribes. The large cones of Araucaria Bidwelli shed their edible seeds, which are '2.\ inches long by three quarters of an inch broad. They are sweet before being perfectly ripe, and after that resemble roasted Chestnuts in taste. They ripen in the month of January every three years ; the natives prefer them to any other food. They are known as Bunya Bunyas. The Pinones of the imbricated-leaved Pine of Chili are a chief article of consumption among the Indian tribes. As the seeds will keep long, thev are often imported into the southern districts of Chili from the Cordilleras, and are eaten by the country people either raw or cooked. The seeds are buried by the Indians for winter use, P, Y„ Si . i.i/ufo. The Apiary. A NEW SUPER CLEARER. Novices have often had much trouble in clearing supers. If they are removed entirely away from the hive, the bees will often get so frightened, thinking that their honey is going to be taken away, that they will have a good feed before they start. They will open a lot of the cells, and partly empty them of honey. Sometimes they will tear open more cells than necessary for their purpose, and thus many sections would be spoilt ; and if the honey is in some large super, and required for show, it would be unfit for the purpose. Under these circumstances, it is pleasant to welcome a new automatic super-clearer, which will, doubtless, be advertised in due course. Its great advantage consists in the fact that the rack of sections is emptied in the hive, and when empty it is only necessary to go and lift it oil', and carry your honey triumphantly away. It requires to be seen to be thoroughly understood ; but, to be brief, it consists of a half-inch board, with passages for exit. If the bees had the sense given to some animals, they would be able to return into the super; but though bees seem to have marvellous powers in some respect, they are very stupid in others. For instance, if a hive is removed only a few (2 or 3) yards away, the bees cannot find 486 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. their way back to it, and blunder hopelessly about, till entering other hives, they are killed. In this super clearer the bees can easily find their way out, but cannot find their way back again. They can hear the hum of the bees, and try to enter the super by impossible ways, only to be frustrated. Thus the super may be raised in the morning, the clearer put underneath in position, and in the evening you could go and fearlessly remove your supers, carrying them away without a bee, and perfectly sealed. It will be necessary to see that robbing does not commence, as when it once commences it is very difficult to stop it. The cause is generally opening the hives to feed, and perhaps spilling a few drops of Byi up about. One very good plan has lately been mentioned in the American Bee Journal, but it is not new, as I have frequently tried it myself. It is to put a piece of glass in front of the hive being robbed, bo that the bees can come out at the sides. The robber bees will not be able to discover the way in, but will keep giving themselves bumps against the glass, and will finally give up the attempt in disgust. See, __—___————— The Alpine Garden. SAX1FRAGA RETUSA. Eveey week in early spring we read praises of S. oppositifolia, which I admire very much, but I never see S. retusa (Gouan) mentioned. Its cultiva- tion is similar ; hot sun and drought must be avoided, and plenty of finely broken stone given above and below ground. It flowers far more densely than any form of S. oppositifolia, and arranges itself more elegantly, and is more compact in habit, every shoot being crowded with flowers from the base to the tip. It flowers here about a fortnight later than S. oppositifolia. Primola amcena. To save trouble, as this plant is so often confused with P. cortusoides amcena (see p. 272), it may as well be stated that the two plants are widely dis- tinct in nearly all their parts. P. amcena of Bie- berstein, the Caucasian plant, about which I enquired, has entire leaves, like those of the com- mon English Oxlip ; in fact, some botanists have considered it a purple variety of the European Oxlip, P. elatior. The varieties of P. cortusoides, or P. Sieboldii, all have incised pinnate or lobed leaves, and an entirely different habit of growth. Max Leichtlin, of Baden-Baden, had P. amtena once, but I am afraid he has lost it. Hot and dry low- land summers, and red-spider, are deadly enemies of these rare forms of Primrose. C. Wolley Dod. trade. But now the garden has six trade rivals competing with it, and taking from it the profits with which it was kept going. Under these circumstances it is no wonder that the garden profits are decreasing, and that there is little hope of remaining solvent, "unless expenditure can be brought down within the lean ribs of income. , . . There is only one way of doing this : it is by confessing that the Cape Colony does not care to carry on the gardens as a scientific establishment, throwing overboard the director, the salesman, and the seed shop, and leaving the head gardener with his native labourers to do what he can with the place as a pleasaunce of common flowers and gravel walks." "I regret most bitterly that after having for nine years fought the place clear of debt, amid anxieties no tongue can tell, I cannot honestly pre- dict any better future than its dropping out of the list of scientific establishments through sheer poverty and grovelling on as a mere pleasure-ground for the town children and chance visitors." It at this time of year should be given to keeping the plants free from mealy-bug, for should this insect increase with rapidity as it will with higher temper- ature, a liberal use of the syringe will check the spread of thrips and red spider ; and frequent fumi- gation is also desirable. More attention will be necessary to check the overheating of the apparatus during the early part of the day, so as to utilise the sun-heat fully at an early hour, and thus save the fuel. Hard firing at night during cold weather should be avoided, and the blinds should be made use of to this end, and securely fastened down on cold nights. Many plants, as their pots fill with roots, will take weak liquid manure, made of Clay's Fertiliser or other. Palms and other strong growers which remain for years without being re-tubbed, should be assisted occasionally in the same way. The early- flowering Allamandas and similar plants which should be growing freely now and forming their flower-buds, will require a few loose tyes to keep them away from the roof-glass but giving full sunshine. Ixoras making rapid growth will re- quire looking over diligently, to prevent mealy- Colonial Notes. DURBAN. The Report of the Natal Botanic Garden for the year 1889 has reached us. In it Mr. Medley Wood chronicles for the fifth year in succession a deficiency in the rainfall, which amounted to 29.2 inches, an amount which, in this country, we should deem adequate, but which is 11 inches below the average in Natal, where the temperature and light are so much more potent than with us. The consequence is, that Palms and other fine trees have greatly Buffered, and some are dead. The report in question also contains a descriptive list of the most useful economic plants grown in the garden, with notes on their probable use in the Colony. Cape Town. Professor MacO. van's report is tinged with bitter disappointment, as it well may be. " To run the garden on the principle of one-third grants and two- thirds earnings, was not a dignified way of keeping up a public institution," but it was a possible one when the garden had the practical monopoly of the FlQ. "."). — NARCISSUS TRIANDRUS VAR. PLLCBELI.rS : FLOWERS WHITE. (sFF. P. 49.3.) would seem from other passages in the report, that the best way is to clear out from the present garden, and establish a new one for purely scientific economic and experimental purposes elsewhere. To compete with the nursery trade is unjust to the traders and to the ratepayers, and a waste of energy on the part of the managers of the garden. Plants and Their Culture. The Stove. — The inmates of this house should be making good progress, and, if easterly winds prevail, much care will require to be paid to the ventilation and si ading. By using the shades judiciously, currents of dry parching air need not be admitted. The temperature may be increased slightly as the days lengthen, and may range from 70° to 80° during sunny weather, but the minimum should be reached in dull weather; and 65° to 70° at night. At closing time the house may be allowed to run as high as 90°, closing early in the afternoon and syringing freely. Every minute that can be spared bug making headway, as it is impossible to clean these plants entirely of the insects when the flowers are formed. The autumu bloomers should be started, shortening them back and placing them on mild bottom-heat. Cuttings of Gardenias should he pro- pagated, taking off large healthy shoots for this purpose. Anthuriumswill soon be in full bloom, and should be kept drier overhead to preserve the spathes and their high colour. Caladiums should be potted into small pots, and placed in bottom-heat to start ; and the stock of tubers may be increased by taking off the young growth with a heel and potting them. Basket plants should be planted so as to give the plants time to establish themselves, shading them for a time onlv, that is, till the new growth is able to bear the fall light without flagging. Cuttings of Coleus mav be put in, destroying the old plants as soon as enough young ones have been secured. Furnishing plants should be struck in quantity, such as Ficus, Selaginellas, Panicum variegatum, Tra- descantias of sorts, Fittonias and Cyprus. Plants of Cissus discolor should be shortened back, and placed in a warm moist house ; this plant looks well grown in any way, and especially if grown in small pots. The "cuttings soon make nice Apbil 19, 1890.] THE GABDEXEBS' G HE 0 XI CLE. 487 plants if taken off with a heel, and placed in a light compost in bottom-heat, in a case. The old plants are useful for covering bare walls, in shady corners, on a trellis, and as basket plants ; the cuttings will also strike freely when cut at a joint. Gloriosas should be placed near the light to prevent weak growth, and any tubers not yet started should be repotted and placed in a moist temperature of 70J. Achi- menes started as previously advised will be ready to transfer to pans and baskets, and in doing this the young tender roots must all be preserved. Any of which there is a deficiency should be increased by cuttings made of the tips of the young plants put into sandy peat in a warm pit, and closely shaded. Another lot of tubers should be started for later blooms. Seedlings in pans should be pricked off into small thumbs or pans before they get drawn, and placed near the light, for if neglected in their earlier stages, they seldom make good plants afterwards. Geo. Wythes, Syon Home, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. If the Pleiones are now filling their pots with roots, and the plants are growing strongly, a little manure-water may be afforded them. Guano and diluted cow-urine will encourage growth, but they must be given with caution, as too strong an application will be certain to do injury. Odonto- giossum grande will now be showing root activity, and plants that may require to be repotted should be taken in hand. This plant resents being disturbed at the root, but it must be done at least once in two years. They do well in a compost consisting of fibry peat, with the fine particles of soil knocked out of it, and sphagnum moss. Vanda caernlea may now be syringed overhead every fine morning, and placed near the ventila- tors, where there is a free circulation of air, as anything approaching a close atmosphere causes the plants to " spot " badly. The later plants of Miltonia vexillaria will now be pushing up their flower-spikes, and may safely have weak guano- water applied to the roots, that is, at the rate of 1 oz. of guano to 1 gallon of water. This stimulant should not be given oftener than once a week, clear rain-water being given at other times. The tem- perature may now be 60° at night, with a rise of 10° by 8unheat. Shading should receive careful atten- tion. A few years ago. Orchids were always killed by having too much shade given them, and now grave errors are made in the contrary direction. A. G. Cat/, Park'l !, W The Flower Garden. Lawns. — The grass has commenced to grow freely, and mowing must be followed up regularly, if the lawns are to be kept in fine order. The edgings of walks, flower-beds, and borders should be clipped weekly, alter having once pared the edges with the edging iron, thus lessening the. chances of in- creasing the number of weeds on the walks or beds by the edging grasses going to seed. Waiks. — Where weeds arc few, hand-weeding is best ; but where they abound, the gravel, if loose, may be hoed and raked. For walks of binding gravel, an application of common salt, or one of the advertised weed destroyers, will be successful ; in every case taking care to prevent any of the mixtures used from touching the evergreen edgings or turf. Trees and Shrubs newly planted, more especially on light sandy soils, should receive a thorough watering, and be well mulched with leaf-mould, rotten strawy manure, or the like. Gladioli. — Make the principal planting of these roots, to be followed by successional plantings at intervals. Those that were planted at first are now showing above ground, which should be kept frequently hoed and stirred. Annuals.— Seeds of the following may be sown:— Mignonette, Godetias, Clarkias, Larkspurs, Mari- golds, Candytufts, Nemophila, Linums, Collinsias, Convolvulus, Coreopsis, Escholtzias, Saponarias, Salpiglossis, Nasturtiums, Poppies, Hibiscus, Mimulus, Viginian Stock, and Venus 's Looking-glass. From the above species, selections may be made of nearly every colour, and which will give pretty effects during the summer months. Sow now, Wall- flower, Antirrhinum, Silene, Canterbury Bells, Sweet William, Polyanthus, Primrose, in the open borders, for blooming next spring. Perennials are best sown in pans, boxes, or frames, and transplanted to the open horders ; such are Pentstemons, Phloxes, Geums, Campanulas, Car- nations, Pinks, Picotees, Delphiniums, Aquilegias, &c. Make another sowing of Sweet Peas and Asters. Sunflowers sown now singly in pots will be advanced enough to plant in the open in May and June. As Polyanthuses and Primroses finish flowering, having first noted their colours, they should be taken up, divided, and planted in their summer quarters in the reserve garden. As the plants in the spring flower garden go out of bloom, the beds should be prepared for their summer occupants, so that when the season and weather permit these may be planted. J). C.Tom ', p lerha r, Cattle, Devon. Fruits Ujumi Glass. Vines. — The operations previously described as being requisite, must now keep pace with the in- creased demands of the Vines ; these include thinning the bunches and berries, training-in leading shoots, tying laterals down to the wires, great care being exercised with Blaek Alicante, Gros Colmar, Lady Downes, and other brittle kinds, these being best brought into positions a little at a time, doing the work in the course of a fortnight; at the same time the points of the shoots must be kept from touching the glass, but beyond this it is better to leave the shoots free till the setting process is completed, and when they will be less liable to break. It is prudent to keep some dry pollen of Black Hamburgh Grapes for artificial fertilisation of Black Morocco and other shy setting varieties, for if, owing to any cause, this variety once fails to set a crop, the wood becomes so strong that there is a very great difficulty in keeping the Vine in order. With lilack Morocco, the syringe, even when boldly used on the Vines i ri flower does not always accomplish the setting of the flowers; at the same time I would recommend its use for Muscats, pro- vided the foliage can be perfectly dried again before nightfall, and sufficient fire-heat employed to main- tain a circulation of air and a temperature of 70° during the night, a few degrees lower in frosty or windy weather doing no harm. The day temperature may range from 80° to U0° with sun and air ; and a moderate supply of atmospheric moisture may be afforded in the forenoon. Figs. — In the early house fructification will now be nearly completed, and the forwardest Figs will be swelling rapidly. Atmospheric moisture must be slightly reduced when the period of ripening ap- proaches, or the flavour will be poor. Tuke advantage of favourable opportunities to thoroughly syringe the trees at intervals, or red-spider will get a footing — a pest most difficult to eradicate. Stop a few shoots occasionally, with the object of getting fruit in suc- cession ; and do not train shoots too rigidly, but allow of some degree of freedom and extension. W. Crump, MadrerJiclJ Court, Malvern. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Thb Blooming of the Fruit Treks. — Under the impression that a late spring is the one thing needful in securing a bountiful crop ol fruit, we are apt to rejoice when the opening of the blossoms is retarded beyond what is usual. Seldom have fruit trees been later than this season, and yet, on the whole, the winter was a mild one. The Apricot, which is the first to open its blooms, is followed closely by the Peach and Nectarine, and I have noted that they have shed many more blossoms before opening in such a season as the present, than when the weather has been less favourable, and yet have retained just enough for a crop. A continuance of low tempera- ture will, I am afraid, do mischief by hindering the flow of the sap at a time when its circulation should be unrestrained. Disbuddin,/ is an operation that should be done in piecemeal fashion at intervals of a few days, so as to avoid any great check to growth. Green and black aphis are sure to be troublesome at this stage of growth, and particularly if the wind continues to blow from the east or north. Remedial measures must be taken the moment these aphis are perceived ' and tobacco powder applied by means of a puff or dredger is one of the best. Pinch the points of the lateral shoots of Apricots at the second joint, and practice a moderate amount of disbudding, otherwise the close clustering together of spurs tends to shade the fruit and young wood too much, and the latter, if immature, does not set its bloom the coming season. The fruit should be thinned at an early stage of growth, aud as it usually forms clusters, these, if not thinned early, produce many deformed fruits. Murello Cherries are liable to be overrun with black aphis, and sometimes this will occur before they open their blooms. This disaster may be pre- vented, and labour saved, if the walls and trees have a thorough syringing of soap-suds, and robust growth encouraged by liberal supplies of manure-water to well-established trees. Strawberries. — The mulching which was applied some time ago should now have a good sprinkling of soot, to ward off the attention of slugs. Place hand- lights, frames, cloches, or other glass protection over the earliest varieties, so as to avoid gaps in the supply, if these be feared. The earliest forced plants, if pro- tected and innured gradually, will now be ready to plant out, and this kind of work should not be delayed if good crops are looked for next season. Grafts will require an occasional examination, filling up the cracks in the clay, and rubbing off all shoots coming from the stocks. The cold winds have had a retarding effect on the leafing of Apples, and these may still be grafted. A. Evans, Lythe Hill, Hasle/imre. The Kitchen Garden. Bkoccolis and Kai.ks. — The main crop of Broc- colis and Kales should now be sown on beds, made moderately firm after sowing, to induce strong healthy growth ; and a poor soil should be avoided, as it not (infrequently produces root-clubbing with its attendant evils. If the plants are to remain in tht seed-beds till planted out, the sowing should be done thinly in drills of half an inch deep. The position of the beds should be open to the sun. White Sprouting Broccolis, early and late Purple, are invaluable in spring, and should be sown at this time. Asparagus and tall Scotch Kale are the only two varieties of Kale that we grow, and the latter is preferred to the former. Broccolis now turning in should be examined daily, breaking the leaves over the forward heads. Chicory, Salsafy, and Scor:oncra should be sown ; the ground for these should have been trenched and enriched, but not recently. A distance of 12 to 1 1 inches should be allowed between the rows — the plants, when large enough, being thinned to 8 inches apart. Cardoon seed should be sown in trenches, heavily manured if the soil be light, The seed may be dropped in patches of threes, 15 inches apart, and the plants thinned out to one in each patch. If more than one row is required, the rows may be 4 feet apart. Cauliflowers. — Plant out those wintered in frames, and if Autumn Giant is among them, it will form a succession to the Early London and Walcheren varie- ties ; but now there are so many early dwarf sorts of the Erfurt type for early summer use, the Autumn Giant is not so much called for. Those raised in heat and potted off will require abundauce of water and good ventilation. If in proper condition to plant, some of these may be planted out on warm borders, protecting them against frost and wind with inverted flower-pots or some other means. Onions for pickling may now be sown, and on almost any soil that is not rich, but is firm and well exposed ; sow the seeds somewhat thickly, broadcast fashion, and allow all plants to remain to mature. The flower-heads of Tripolis must be cut off as soon as they appear, and by so doing the plants will bulb readily. Keep the hoe plied amongst the plants, and if large bulbs are required, leave plenty of space for each to grow. Dustings of soot, and a little guano afforded occasionally, will hasten growth. Turnips.— The Snowball and Veitch's Red Globe varieties may be sown on well-prepared borders, but do not sow large breadths, as these early sowings often get a check from frost, and run to seed without forming a bulb. //. Markham, Mercworth Castle, Maidstone. 488 THE GARDENERS' CII1WNICLE. [April 10, 1890. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. WEDNESDAY, A i-Rii.liii M EETI NGS. (Royal Horticultural Society : Fruit, Floral, and Scientific Committees, . and Lectures on Primroses and j Auriculas, by Rev. C. W. Dad \ and Mr. HenwooU. 8HOWS. I National Auricula Society, in con- April 22.? ; junction with the Royal Horti- ( cultural Society. [ Eoyal Botanic Society : Second Spring Show. Ancient Society of York Florists. ..... o-> I Established Orchids, at Protheroa APRIL..-) & Morris' Rooms. so large as it was expected to be, partly because many of the kinds had passed their best ; partly because, among professional gar- deners, as contrasted with amateurs, there is less interest felt in Daffodils. The gardener proper is naturally keenly interested in fruit and vegetables ; the Grape Vine has inex- haustible interest for him, and he waxes en- thusiastic in the ardour of his delight over the " mum." To a less extent a similar dif- ference between the taste of the expert and that of the amateur is observable in the case of Roses. Every one likes Roses; but we must look among the ranks of the country gentlemen — and of the provincial clergy in particular — for that burning passion which leads them to speak of the competitions This practice is objected to by some, on the ground that the removal of the " grass " impairs the strength of the bulb, and prevents its flower- ing so well as it would otherwise do in the fol- lowing season. But, as was well said, if the bulbs are so few in number, or so weak as not to permit of the removal of the small number of leaves required, they are not, except under special cir- cumstances, fitted for the exhibition table. The exhibition of the " grass " with the. flowers may be advocated, because in no other way is the beauty of the flower so well shown, in no other way can the delicate gradations of tint and the exquisite harmonies of colour be shown. Again, the differences between the flowers as cut and displayed on the exhibition table are often infinitesimal, and yet, when seen growing along- \ Fig. 76. — mentsiore, lbiqhton bczzard. (see p. 489.) I Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, to., at m \ Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. WEDNESDAY, April 23' Clearance of Glass Erections, Turf, j &c, at Northfields, Battersea " Rise, by Protheroe & Morris. IL .,- \ Imported and Established Orchids i at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHLSWICK.— 49°. 3. When compared with the highly Conference. useful Vegetable Conference, and the very popular Chrysanthemum meetings of last autumn, the Daffodil Conference held at Chiswick during the present week, although more numerously attended by the public, and by amateurs, takes a second place in the estimation of gardeners. The exhibition ■was, on the whole, excellent, but scarcely of the exhibition tent in language that would befit the historian of Sedan or Gravelotte. We cannot pretend to explain this difference between the taste of different classes of plant lovers. Its existence is at once a good thing for horticul- ture, and an excellent illustration of the catho- licity of gardening, and its suitability to the tastes and fancies of all conditions of men. The Daffodil exhibition, opened by H.R.II. the Duchess of Teck, in the presence of a large number of visitors, is reported on at length in another column, where it will be seen that a small number of exhibitors contrived to fill the large area of the conservatory at Chiswick. Among the exhibitors were Messrs. Barr, Walker, Veitch & Sons, R. Veitch, Poupart, Wilks, and the authorities of the Royal Gar- dens, Kew. The representation of forms and varieties was very complete for the season. Mr. Barr had the good taste to inaugurate an inno- vation by showing the foliage with the flowers. side of others, and even when a few are asso- ciated with the flowers, the difference becomes obvious. To the physiologist, the study of these minor variations and minute differences in con- nection with the history of the plants is of very great interest and importance, and from this point of view we cannot conceive any more instructive exercise, than the careful study of all the varieties side by side, as they may be seen in the collections of the principal growers. But whilst the botanist is specially interested in these variations, and in the lessons they teach, it is certain that the amateur, and the ordinary lover of flowers, are right in their conten- tion that there are too many forms submitted now-a-days for public approval, and that the dif- ferences between them are too infinitesimal. From this point of view the Narcissus Committee is do- ing good service by refusing to place upon its register forms which are not considered by the members as sufficiently different from others, or April 19, 1890.] THE GABDENEBS G HBO NIC IE. 489 which are not decided improvements upon other forms. The committee is not one whit too severe in its process of expurgation. Indeed, it is to be desired that no permanent Certificate should be awarded till the plant has been actually tested in more than one locality, and its adapta- tion to particular purposes ascertained. To award a Certificate to a single flower placed on the exhibition table is an unsatisfactory pro- cedure, at best. In place of registering it at once, it would be better to select such forms as were thought promising, and to recommend them for trial at Chiswick and elsewhere. The "Certificate of Recommendation" would be a sufficient encouragement for the exhibitor in the first instance, and this Certificate might be fol- lowed next season by a more permanent mark of approval, bnt until this ordeal has been gone through, the plant should not be permanently registered. Some such process is the more desir- able, as it is unquestionable that some of the forms are not " fixed," in the gardener's sense, but are subject to degenerate, and to hark back to the original type. Another point in which the Narcissus Com- mittee might exert its influence very advan- tageously is by encouraging raisers and hybridists to exercise more accuracy and care in their procedures, and especially in their records. The history of not a few of the hybrids is obscure, or even only a matter of guess-work. Many of these obscurities, and much of this conjecture, could, as was well shown by Mr. Engelheart, be dispelled in two or three seasons by a few well- devised and properly chronic'ed experiments. Haphazard cultivation and promiscuous fertili- sation may be very pretty and very amusing, but for real progress we must look to cultivation and to experiments based on sound physiological and cultural principles. The Conference proper was opened on Wednes- day by Professor Michael Foster, who alluded to the progress that hail been made since the former Conference in lc**!, and specially to the circum- stance that that meeting was held under depress- ing conditions, whereas now the Society was meeting in its own garden, and under the shade of its own Vines (at least, under such shad.- as their present nearly leafless condition permitted l. Dr. Foster alluded to the work tin- Narcissus Committee had set itself to do in adjusting the nomenclature of natural and of artificial forms. counselling that only those forms that are really distinct should receive separate nanus, and that the names given should be such as could lie easily written and pronounced, and, if possible, have some relation to the things signified, Alluding to the discussion originated by Mr. Dyer, in these columns, as to empirical as com- pared with scientific knowledge in matters nt cultivation, Professor Fostbb said that all real knowledge is of use if rightly applied, and that no knowledge is of use if applied wrongly. The Chairman then distributed the awards mad.' I « -. i the committee, as reported in another column. Mr. Scka.sk Dickh.vs, the Secretary of the Narcissus Committee, reviewed the objects of the Committee, and the work accomplished by it since its formation in 188b\ lie pointed out that considerable additions had been made to our knowledge of the natural history of Daffodils, and of their cultivation, and that several new in- troductions had been made. Experiments had been made to test the allegation that single Daffodils could be changed into double ones as a result of cultivation, with the result that it was proved that double Daffodils might be produced from the same bulb that produced single lowers, and that seedlings from the double produced some single, some double varieties. The root disease was commented on, and allusion made to the register which now contained the names of fifty-four varieties, recognised by the Committee as the best of their class in constitution and other characteristics. Mr. Burbidge followed with a paper on the history cf the Daffodil, and of those workers chiefly concerned in its production. The sub- stance of this is given in another column. Some discussion arose, in the course of which Mr. .Volley Don said that, according to Aristotle, bees only visit one kind of flower at one time, but this was traversed by Mr. \Vilks, who mentioned that he had seen in his orchard-house, bees visit Pear blossoms after Peach blossoms, and vice versa. Mr. Exgelheart then favoured the Society with an extempore statement referring to seedling Daffodds, which proved to be of very great value and interest. He pointed out how the origin of various crosses and hybrids once unknown or un- certain, had now been proved by actual experi- ment. He alluded to a cross made by Prof, FOSTBB between a white hoop-petticoat Nar- cissus and one of the triandrus group. Mr. F..\<.i uir uu further stated that the results of crossing a trumpet Daffodil with the pollen of a Jonquil has resulted in the productionof a '• tridy- mus " form in which the flowers were clustered, and fragrant as in the male parent, and, like it, yellow. The Narcissus incomparabilis bad been supposed to be a cross between a Trumpet Daffodil and N. poeticus, and the truth of this sup- position had been proved experimentally by Mr. F.ngei. heart. W'h.n N. poeticus var. ornatus is employed as one of the parents, a more shapely flower is produced than where the original poeticus is employed. From a cross between a double white cernuus, fertilised with the pollen of a single Trumpet Daffodil, Mr. EnqlbhbABT had produced an early white creamy Daffodil, as well as other forms, As to the origin of ornatus, Mr. I supposed it to lie a selected form of poetious, as seedlings from it revert to poeticus. Seedling raising is tedious work at first, as the operator lias to wait four or live years before seeing any results, a ml when he did see th en i, not more tli an I per oent, were improve- ments on th.- old forms. Details were given as to the method of impregnation, and the raising of seedlings. Mr. Fm.i i.iii wit's impromptu dis- course was one so practically and scientifically valuable that he will, it is to be hoped. I,. induced to commit Ins remarks to paper, in order that they may be printed in the Society's Journal. i if tin- pi. .-dings on Thursday we are unable to give any account this week, as we go to press on that day, We oan only add, that it ui. pleasant indeed to see such a goodly company in the old garden at Chiswick on the two first days. ( in the first dav, as has been stated, the Exhibition was visited by tin' Duchess of Tbck and her daughter, while among the visitors on the second day was the Bar ss Bubdett Couttb. Mentmore, Leighton Buzzard (See Supple- mentary Sheet). — Mentmore, a palatial mansion and large estate, the residence of the Earl of BoSBBBBT, came to him by marriage with Miss Hannah Roths- i nun, daughter of Baron Mbyeb Rothschjld, The mansion, of which we reproduce a view of the south front (fig. 7b), is situated on a low hill, an offshoot of the Cliiltern8. From the broad terrace-walk, which extends round the south, west, and north- west sides, extensive views are had of the rich and fertile Vale of Aylesbury. In this vale are situated some very extensive orchards of Plums and Damsons, and in the fruit season many tons are sent off weekly from Cheddiugton and the adjoining stations, to London and other markets. The mansion, a large and magnificent structure of Ancaster stone, is built in the Italian style, from designs furnished by Sir Joseph Paxton, and carried out in detail by his sou- in-law, Mr. George H. Stokes, architect. The building was erected by Mr. George Myers, of London, and was begun in 1851. On the southwest front are situate the "Fountain Gardens." The design of these consist of a series of water-canals with stone edgings ; and Box with grass round the beds which are of large size, and are always filled with plants whose flowers are of one colour. Round this garden are placed large vases of marble, and a sloping bank ; which is planted with Mahonia aqui- folia kept dwarf by being cut back every year. This is surrounded on three sides by a hedge of Yew, also kept in order by the shears. At the western end of the terrace an "Italian flower garden" is placed, with edgings of Box round the beds, and of Ivy and turf next to the walks. A sloping bank surrounds this g uden, and is planted with 1I.P. Rose.General Jacque- minot, whose shoots are pegged down to the soil, and sheltered by a Yew hedge on two of its sides. One side of this garden is screened from view of the oflices by a tall hedge of Irish Yew. There are numbers of marble and bronze vases placed in this garden. Near these gardens are two large mounds wholly planted with Aucuba japonica, which here forms a striking mass of bright-coloured foliage. On the south side there are no flower-beds, only lawns, and large beds of evergreen and flowering shrubs. Here are large beds planted with many hundreds of Golden Yews, whole beds being of nothing else ; also large beds of Ber- beris Darwinii, Mahonias, Japanese Acers, Rhamnus, and other dwarf shrubs. The Myrtle-leaved Por- tugal Laurel grows well here, and forms fine masses of dark green foliage. Near the east front of the mansion is a high bank planted with Juniperus chinensis and Mahonias ; behind these, higher up, is a line of Thujopsis borealis, interspersed with Laburnums, Lilacs, and other flowering and ever- green shrubs. At the end of this bank, nearest the mansion, are planted large masses of l'inus austriaca and 1'. laricio, which grow remarkably well. The view seen in the Supplementary Illustration is one that was taken in the subtropical garden, which is from 2 to .1 acres in extent, and surrounded on all sides by a tall belt of Scots Pines, having a thick undergrowth of common Laurels and other shrubs. The surface of the ground is undulating, and is sur- rounded by high hanks of evergreen and flowering shrubs. We can only find space to mention a few of the many plants growing here, viz., splendid groups of evergreen Oaks, of large size ; Bambusa gracilis, which have been planted out more than fifteen years, and are now conspicuous massesof grace- full foliage j 15. metake, also grown now into largo masses ; Osmanthus ilicifolius, which flowers freely ; large Acer negundo variegatum, A. polymorphum rubruin, and other Japanese varieties; Thujopsis dolobrata, which grows freely ; Liquidambar styraci- flua, Aralia Sieboldii, CupressusLawsoniana erecta viridis, and many others. Great Horticultural Exhibition at Berlin : April 25 to May 5. — Apropos of this exhibition, which is to open on Friday, April 25, Professor Dr. L. Wittmack, Secretary-General, ad vises all who are interested in grand shows to go and see it. There will be not only a large number of fine plants and products from Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, Italy, and England, but espe- cially a splendid architectural and artistic display ; the chief purpose being to show how gardening architecture and art may be united, the exhibits in this section consisting of decorated rooms, balconies, verandahs, staircases, &c. There will be nearly GOO exhibitors, and the space required 7200 square metres, 5000 of which will be under cover. Twenty- nine thousand marks will be expended in prizes, and many honorary and State prizes are offered. The Emperor, who is protector of the Horticultural Society of Prussia, has given a large Gold Medal ; the Minister of Agriculture, Honorary President (if the ICxhibition, 500 marks. Science, in its connec- tion with horticulture, will likewise be represented, 490 THE GAB BE NEBS' CHBONICLE. [Apeil 19, 1890. Kew and Colonial Appointments. — We are sometioies asked how appointments in the Government Gardens of our Colonies and India are lo be obtained. They are invariably filled by the Kew authorities, who select suitable men from among the young gardeners employed at Kew. The positions to which these men are appointed are often of great importance, some of the most valuable servants of the Governments of the Colonies and of India having been originally young gardeners at Kew. We have been favoured with a list of the appointments made since the beginning of 1888. The training the men receive whilst at Kew is such as will enable them to discharge the duties of these appointments satisfactorily. Lectures and the use of a library rich in botanical, horticultural, and other scientific works, together with the practical training they get whilst performing their daily duties, afford excellent opportunities to young men who wish to get on, and who are not afraid to work to that end. Applicants for admission as gardeners into the Royal Gardens, Kew, must be between 20 and 25 years of age, must have good testimonials, and must have been employed not less than five years in good private gardens or nurseries. The following young gardeners have been sent from Kew to Colonial and and Indian appointments since January, 18S8 : — A. Suaw, March, 1888, Assistant Curator, Melbourne, British Government. \V. E. Broadway, June, 18S8, Assistant Superintendent, Trin- idad, British Government. W. Cradwick, July, 1888, Superintendent, Cinchona Gardens, Jamaica. E. Proudlock, December, 1888, Assistant Curator, Calcutta, British Government. G. Woodruff, Februarv, 1889, Head Gardener, meet Territories. A. HArtless, March, 1889, Assistant, Darjeeling. W. THOMPSON, .luly, 1889, Superintendent, Kingston Gardens, Jamaica. H. Bartlett. August, 1889. Head Gardener, Niger Territories. D. YEow.Uih, August, 1889, Curator, Fiji Botanic Station. A. G. Tillson, September, 1869, Curator, Antigua Botanic Station. C. PLUMB. Scptemb.-r, 1S39, Curator, St. Kitts Botanic Station. W. Crowthek, January, 1890, Curator, Accra Botanic Station, Go'.d Coast. H. Powell, April, 1890, Curator, St. Vincent. The Stott Insecticide Distributor was to be seen in action in the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens at Chiswick during the Daffodil Conference. The distributor consists of a metal cylinder, which is divided into several cells by means of perforated partitions. Into these cells the manure or insecticide, iu solid or liquid form, is inserted. At each end of the machine is a length of tubing, one end being attached to the water-tap or garden-pump, and the other to an ordinary hose-pipe, and the water being forced through, becomes impregnated with the composition in the cells. The strength of the solution is regulated by the filling of one or more cells of the apparatus. A special form of spreader is fitted to the hose, which ensures a perfect spray. The apparatus is likely to prove of much service, and cannot well get out of order. An insecticide, " Killmright," supplied for use in the machine, is of a soapy consistency. The spray can be used for the the destruction of such pests as green-flv, thrips, black- fly, See. " Botanical Magazine. —The April number contains coloured illustrations and descriptions of the following plants : — Prestoea Garden, t. 7108.— A graceful Palm, with long pinnate foliage, the pinna; linear lanceolate acuminate. The flowers are minute, arranged in loose branching pink panicles. It is a native of Guatemala, where it was discovered by Mr. Carder, and is the Geonoma Carderi of Bull's Catalogue for 1876. Sicana spharica, t. 7109.— A creeping glabrous perennial Cucurbit, with cordate, roundish, three to five-lobed leaves; lobes sharply pointed; flowers bell-shaped, with a tubular calyx, with five ovate, pointed, spreading green lobes, and a large bell- shaped creamy-yellow corolla, also divided into five broad hairy segments. It was discovered in Jamaica by Mr. Morris, but is supposed to have been intro- duced from some other country. Peliosant/ies albida, t. 7110, a botanical curiosity with tufted plicated lanceolate-stalked leaves, and long straight spikes thickly studded with small greenish-white six parted flowers like those of Ophiopogon. It is a native of the Malay peninsula. Iris orchioides, t. 7111, a Bpecies with foliage like that of the Day Lily, Hemerocallis, and with yellow flowers. The flowers are yellow, outer segments erect, spreading at the apex, beardless, inner seg- ments very much smaller ; spatulate deflexed. It is a native of Central Asia. Vanda Kimballiana, t. 7112. — This is the very beautiful Vanda, originally described in Lindenia, t. 204, and afterwards alluded to at pp. 1G5 and 291 of our last volume. It is near to V. Amesiana, but differs in the very narrow leaves. This plant is also figured in the Garden, for April 5 ; but the latter figure, though more artistic, shows none of the peculiarities of the lip. "The Journal of the Royal Agricul- tural SOCIETY."— The contents of the part just issued comprise an interesting account of the founda- tion of the Society, which dates from 1837. This is followed by an article entitled, " Fifty Years' Pro- gress of British Agriculture," by Sir James Caird. Mr. John Dent Dent contributes a paper on Agri- cultural Education at Home and Abroad. The food of our agricultural crops is treated of by Sir John Lawes. Mr. Carrcthehs details the results of further experiments and observations made by him on English pastures, and reiterates his opinion that Rye-gra6s should be excluded. CYRTANTHUS PALLIDUS. — Mr. O'Brien has favoured us with a flower of this species, which is of great beauty. The numerous flowers are umbellate on the top of a long slender cylindrical stalk. Each flo.ver is about 1{ inch long, with a small cylindric ovary, and a tubular flower abruptly deflexed just above the ovary. The limb is divided into six equal rounded, shallow lobes. The colour of the flower is of a delicate orange-pink. The stamens are in two rows, growing in attachment to the perianth tube at dirl'erent levels, and shorter than the long three-fid style. The plant is much to be recommended for grace of form and delicacy of tint. Agri-Horticultural Society of India.— The annual report shows that the Society has lost during the last twelve years 20,000 rupees, while the receipts have not been equal to the expenditure. This is owing entirely to the depreciation in the value of the rupee. Olearia lyrata.— To Mr. Gcmbleton we are indebted for a specimen of Olearia lyrata. The slender purple young shoots, as well as the under surface of the lance-shaped leaves, are covered with white meal. The individual flower heads are small, but arranged in close branching clusters at the ends of the branches. The ray florets are very narrow, strap-shaped, and surrounded by an involucre of numerous very narrow linear bracts. Mr. Gumble- ton informs us that with him, near the sea, in co. Cork, the shrub i8 quite hardy, and at this season covered with bloom. FRITILLARIA ACMOPETALA. — Mr. Gombleton obliges us with a flower of this species, to show how much larger the flower becomes under cultivation than was the specimen figured] at t. G321 of the Botanical Magazine. The specimen before us has the upper leaves, linear lanceolate, the bell-shaped flower drooping nearly 2 inches in length, l1 inch across the mouth. The outer segments are nar- rowly lanceolate, green, broad at the base, recurved at the tips. The inner segments are narrow at the base, broadly obovate, with a reflexed acumen, green flushed and finely streaked with purplish-brown. Uwing to the disproportionate width of the outer and inner segments respectively, the broad and coloured inner segments occupy the wide intervals between the narrow green outer segments, so that the flower appears to be striped with alternate bands of green and purple. The inner surface of the seg- ment is glossy. It is one of the prettiest species of the genus. "Carter's Practical Gardener."— The fourteenth edition has been issued, and as it con- tains a variety of practical articles on the manage- ment of different departments of the garden, it may be safely recommended. " Days and Hours in a Garden."— A seventh edition of this dainty little volume, by " E. V. B." has just been issued by Elliot Stock, in dainty fashion. The substance of the volume, it may be remembered, was published in these columns, and no greater com- mendation is needed than the fact that it has passed through so many editions, and given delight to so many readers. Chrysanthemums.— No fewer than a thousand varieties are cultivated in the Jardin des Plantes. These are studied carefully year by year for the purposes of classification, rejection of synonyms, &c. The Ghent Horticultural Meetings.— M. Oct. Bruneel, the Secretary of the Syndicate of Belgian nurserymen, has just issued a complete list of the plants premiated at the periodical meetings of the Society since its establishment six years ago, and which will form a useful work of reference to those who wish to keep an courant with horticultural progress in Ghent. SPRING FLOWERS.— Messrs. Van C. G. Van Tubergen, of Zwanenburg, send us a box of flowers which is very tantalising, as they evidently were once interesting and beautiful, but they were " wrecked " in transit, and the names were not attached. The Horticultural Club. — The usual monthly dinner and conversazione took place on Tuesday, April S, at the rooms, Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street. The chair was occupied by the Rev. W. Wilks, and there were present besides the Rev. E. Handlev, Messrs. Cousens, Druery, Walker, &c, Mr. W. Ingram being the guest of the Club. Afterwards a most interesting paper was read by Mr. C. T. Druery on the " Wonders of Fernland." It was illustrated with some excellent diagrams and some beautiful specimens of dried fronds. The paper dealt very carefully with the germination of Ferns. It was stated that in the case of all Ferns, whether the gigantic Tree Ferns of New Zealand, &c, or the delicate Maidenhair, the spores from whence the plants proceed are absolutely microscopic. He then showed the various methods of propagation, the ordinary one by spores, and the abnormal ones of bulbils and apospory. It was shown that of all the species of British Ferns there were to be found tasselled or crested forms, and Mr. Druery believed that if the habitats of the foreign Ferns were searched as carefully as our own land has been, similar depar- tures from the normal growth would be found. The paper was a model of what such papers should be — severely correct as to its botany and scientific side, yet delivered in language that any intelligent hearer might understand, even although previously unac- quainted with the subject. A cordial vote of thanks was given to Mr. Druery for his valuable paper. We may add that Messrs. W.Thomson of Drumlanrig, and Mr. Bruce Findlay of Manchester, will be the guests of the Club at a special dinner on the 22nd, on the occasion of their receiving the Veitch Me- morial Medals, and a large gathering of the members is anticipated. " MALESIA." — The last part of Signer Beccari's valuable publication contains a history of the genus Pritchardia. Nine species are admitted, some natives of Fiji, others of the Hawaiian Islands. The genus Phoenix is also monographed, ten species, with their synonyms being described. Two plates, showing the Apeil 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHROXICLE. 491 structural peculiarities, are given. No one inter- ested iu Palms can afford to disregard these mono- graphs. An index completes the part, which ter- minates the third volume, and which is also, we are sorry to add, announced as volume iii. " et ultimo." LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— At the meeting of this Society on April 3, Mr. Carih-thehs F.E.S , Pre- sident, in the chair. Mr. Joiik Love was admitted, and Rev. J. T. Scott elected, a Fellow of the Society. Professor P. Mahtin Dcncan exhibited a transverse section of a coral Caryophyllia clavus, showing septa and irregular theca between them. Mr. B. D. Jackson exhibited some seed9 of Mysta- cidium filicorme, an epiphytic Orchid forwarded from South Africa by Mr. Hexes: IIuttos', of Kimberlev. The meeting adjourned to April 17. Stock-taking : March —The usual returns ere to hand, and do not present an over-encouraging aspect. There is a check to both production and export, but this is not of necessity an unmixed evil. The great industry of cotton import, manufacture, and export has been checked by serious over-pro- duction ; the manufacturing section of the industry has been disarranged at home by the coal-trade dispute, bankers are holding their hands, political disturbances creep in to widen the " rent within the commercial lute," which will doubtless be to some extent prevented from " broadening down " by a season of enforced inactivity — rather, of lessened activity. Some lessons are to be learnt from these returns, which, however, it is not our place to teach ; those most deeply, or immediately, interested will have taken them to heart by this time. The follow- ing excerpts from the general summary of imports from foreign countries and British possessions will be found of interest to our read 1869. Total value o{ imports £. £. e. —135,068 (II.— (A.) Ai 1 tlriuk — 11.021,638 (B.) — do., dutiable 3,087,907 J VI. — Raw materials fur textile manufao- tur< * Flax, Elei Jute) 6.169,390 {VII.— Raw materials . industries and in u (including woodand ( Ember, hi spht, Are mat erials, (ox pap r making, &e.) -2,758 $IX. — Mi i articles (including 1 trass, Flax, Rape, Lin 1,190,160 ' l: l 1'. 1 I'ii i 86,133 -3,37:; Fruit and vegetable growers will be interested in the annexed figures — in the "plus" items especially ; — i II. Fruit:— appli i u . Difference ... bush, i: -257.652 +6,200 .. ., 29; 117/ 0 -H8.091 .. cv.t. 31,82] 18,034 I- ; ; unenum.-r vaim t bis rea The Genera of Pomace/e. — Dr. Bun Koehnb has recently published a monograph on this subject. He admits twenty-two genera, and keeps up Muhis as distinct from Pvrus. The whole paper i ii G I'-'i, but two lithographic plates give "I structure intelligible to observers of all nationalities. The Weather and the Crops of 1889.— Mr. Mawley has contributed to the Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society a detailed account of the weather of the past year in relation to vegetable life. The year is taken to begin in September. In October premature frosts checked vegetation, but in November growth started again, and continued more or less up to March, when severe frost was experienced (as in 1890). May and June were very favourable months, whilst July and August were wet and cold ; on the whole, the year " proved an unusually gay and bountiful one." Sporting Daffodil. — For the specimen whence our illustration (fig. 77) is takeu we are indebted to Mr. Walkeb. Two distinct varieties Q IM i ODIL. sprang from one parent bulb, the one being the double N. incomparabilis, the other Silver Phoenix. The only plausible explanation of the occurrence is that it is due to the sudden separation of previously mixed characters, such as happens so often in Chry- santhemums. Tin' bulb, with its offset still attached, and enclosed within one bulb-scale, will be planted to see what happens another season. United Horticultural Benefit and Pro- vident SOCIETY.— The quarterly meeting of the above Society was held at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi Terrace, Sttand, on Monday evening last, Mr. Nathan Cole in the chair. The Committee are very pleased to report that the Society is making very satisfactory progress, fifteen new members having been elected at this meeting, making a total of thirty-two during the quarter. Messrs. Lane & Sons, of Berkhampstead, have also joined the list of honorary members. The sick-list lias been a heavy one, chiefly due to the influenza epidemic, £:J1 7s. Sd. having been paid to sick members during the quarter, but at the present time there is but one member on the sick-list. A convalescent fund is being established, to assist members to get a change of air after illness. '• KEW BULLETIN."— The April number of this publication contains information concerning a new tanning ma'erial called Canaigre, alias Gonagra, alias Ganagra. It appears that this substance con- sists of portions of the root-stock of Kumex hyme- nosepalum, which is found in abundance in the sandy soil on both sides of the Rio Grande, and northward over a large portion of Western Texas and New Mexico. The root resembles gambier in its action. The plant might probably be readily cultivated in hot, dry, sandy localities, and at the present price of gambier would be a valuable addition to the resources of the tanner. Other articles relate to the cultivation of the Pistachio nut in Cyprus, and to the production of sugar iu India. "LORCHIDEENNE."— At the last meeting on April l.'i, the following awards were made .— Dipldme d'Honneurofthe first class, for Odontoglossum trium- phana var. llyeanum, from M. J. Hye-Leysen ; Diplome d'Honneur of the second class for Odonto- glossum crispum var., from M. Peeters. Certificate of Merit of the first class for Odontoglossum vexil- larium var. splendidum, from M. Linden; for Odontoglossum sp., from M. Warocquo ; for O. Uossi var. purpureum, from M. Van Imschoot ; for O. nebulosum, from M. Peeters ; for Cattleya Mossia; var. Madame Arthur Warocque, from M. G. Warocque ; for. C. Mendel ii; from M. J. Hye-Leysen ; fir i Incidium sarcodes, from M. le Dr. Capart ; for Lj laste Skinneri alba, from M. Peeters; for Cadogyne cristata alba, from M. Peeters ; for Epi- dendrum Wallisi, from M. Peeters. Certificate of Merit of the second class for Cattleya speciosissima var. Hegina Olga, from M. le Prince Mestchersky ; lor Miltonia YVarscewiczii, from M. Van Imschoot; fur Odontoglossum triumphans, from M. J. Hye- Leysen ; for Odontoglossum sp., from M. J. Hye- Leysen. Certificate of Culture of the first class, for Odontoglossum luteo-purpureum, from M. G. Waroc- que; for Ada aurantiaca, from M. Peeters; forCypripe- diutn hirsutissimum, from M. Peeters. Certificate of Culture of the second class, for Odontoglossum Heichenheimi, from M. G. Warocque ; for O. Edwardi, from M. Linden ; for Cymbidium ebur- neuni, from M. Peeters; for Ada aurantiaca, from M. Linden. The Process of Fertilisation.— M. Guio- n'mid, in papers presented to the French Academy of Sciences, shows that the process of fecundation in plants [and in animalsj, consists essentially in the fusion of two nuclei, one derived from the male or pollen-parent, and one from the female. No union takes place between the male and female chromatic segments. The process consists therefore in an amalgamation of Roluble matter derived from the nuclei, and the nucleus of the female or egg under- goes no change until the male nucleus has undergone a special change. Late-flowered Chrysanthemums. — Mr. Fused, Fast Hendred Gardens, Steventon, sends a few blooms and buds of Chrysanthemum Fair Maid of Guernsey. It is an interesting fact that plants of this variety have been blooming since Christmas. The plants, he tells us, had their shoots stopped last October, and were wintered iu a cool vinery. 492 THE Gj UWENEn 8* C HI? 0 NI CL E. [April 10, 1890. Home Correspondence. ACER PLATANOIDES, THE NORWAY MAPLE.— The Acers are a favourite class of deciduous trees to plant in the garden and park. Most of the Japanese varieties require shelter from the cold quarters, and are liable to injury by frost; but the Norway Maple A. plat- anoides, the sycamore A. pseudo platanus are splen- did trees, developing into large specimens when planted in suitable soils and positions. At this date (early April), we have examples of A. platanoides in fnll bloom, the trees being lovely objects in the landscape, covered with greenish-coloured flowers in great profusion. The trees are from 40 to GO feet high. I do not remember the trees to be so early in bloom as this season, and bo well covered. These trees at Syon are sheltered from the quarters whence come the cold winds, but are not favoured with a good soil, and they are planted near to thewater in a soil that is heavy and wet,but not- withstanding these disadvantages the trees grow well. A. platanoides is a rapid grower, and it is not very particular as to soil and position, as it will exist and grow vigorously in the most exposed situations, but when it is sheltered from easterly winds it becomes very beautiful and is always admired. Acer is a large genus, all do not grow so large as the variety I have named. Some of them are useful for small gardens, being of low growth, besides being distinct from other trees. The great variety shown by the fading leaves in autumn adds much to the effect of shrubberies and groups. The varieties of A. palmatum are well adapted for garden planting, the fine-cut foliage and diversified colour rendering them excellent trees for this purpose. They must be afforded ample room to grow and show off their crowns to advantage, and the shelter afforded by neighbouring shrubs just suit them. G. If ythcs, Synn Gardens, Brentford. TUBEROUS-ROOTED BEGONIAS.— Where a great number of these are bedded out, I find it best to start them into growth in cold frames, the growth being in these place3 more robust than in warmer onps. In getting the frames ready, one foot in depth of warm dung is put at the bottom, trodden firm, and then sandy soil to the depth of six inches, in which the bulbs at G inches apart are planted. Until growth begins, very little water is required, but the syringe is used to sprinkle the bed twice or thrice daily, the frames being kept close until growth has attained a height of two inches, after air is admitted freely, and tepid water afforded them. By the beginning of June the plants are fit to put out in the open air. The beds should be deeply dug, but not too deeply, and a good dressing of rotten manure incorporated with the soil. Seedlings of this species of Begonia raised this season niayjbe pricked off as soon as they can be handlpd, in pans of sandy compost made firm and watered beforehand. Keep the pans in gentle warmth for a time. H. Ma/rkham, THE ANNUAL PRIMULA FESTIVAL. — The prospects of a good exhibition of Auriculas at the Drill Hall on Tuesday next are decidedly satis- factory. The Auricula exhibitor is now practically independent of weather. No one who sets out with the intention of becoming an exhibitor of the fine show Auriculas, would erect a house for the purpose without providing the means of artificially warming it when required. It has become a necessity for those who exhibit in the third week in April. In un- heated houses Auriculas have come forward with- surprising slowness, owing to the cold winds and low temperature. The quickest to move into blossom are the selfs ; they expand their pips in much less time than the stately greens ; they move with a kind of majestic slowness, as becomes the highest order of the floral aristocracy. A gentle artificial warmth by night, so as to maintain to some extent the solar warmth by day, helps the expanding pips materially, not only is time gained, but the floral advance assumes finer proportions also. A week's soft genial weather previous to the show cold-house the temperature rules so low by night that the slowly expanding pips appear almost to halt and would be found of the greatest advantage. In my rest. A northern aspect at flowering time is doubly retarding; happy are they who, devoid of artificial heat, can yet give their plants a change to a southern aspect during the months of March and April. I have a truss of George Lightbody that has been expanding its pips for a fortnight, but with such a funereal slowness that fully another ten or twelve days will be required to have them fully opened. The al pines are quicker in developing their flowers, but the texture of their petals is not so solid. I imagine we shall have a very fine dis- play of alpine varieties ; they will not only be very numerous, but thoroughly good. One of the finest seedling I have ever raised has just expanded a large and finely-formed pip, maroon ground, with a broad shading of bright mauve. It came from Mrs. Dod- well, crossed with George Lightbody ; it has the large size and stoutness of the former, with some- thing of the colour of the pollen parent ; but, alas ! the anthers which should form the flower-eyes at the top of the tube are low down in it, and the pistil rises above them ; but it will make an excellent seed parent, though some raisers take exception to the employment of a pin-eyed flower for breeding purposes. The remaining members of the Primula family should be well represented, though it has been a very trying time for Primroses and Polyanthuses in the open. Dust covered, and nipped by frost and drying winds, they have experienced the rigours of our inhospitable spring climate. Warm southerly rains and kindly sunshine will greatly help the flowers, and enable them to be seen in their best character. E. D. — TREW'S I'AZETTA MJLRCKSUS : PERIANTH WHITE, CUPYEIiOW: FBAGRANT. (SEE P. 493.) STANDARD-BEARER CELERY.— Mr. Wythes, in Gardeners' Chronicle, p. 439, in speaking of this Celery, claims for it superiority over others on his light soil, and I may venture to say that it is the best we have had for late use. We are now (April 15) using it daily, and it is in good condition. Our soil is very stiff, and especially where the Celery has been. My opinion is that this variety and Major Clarke's Bed are the two best late Celeries in culti- vation. IV. A. Cool-, Compton Basse* f. FOGS AND PLANTS.— The sad story told by Mr. Wythes of the evil effects of local fogs upon plants and fruits at Syon, does but serve to emphasize the fact that the culture of various plants, including many hardy ones, is becoming exceedingly difficult within the metropolitan fog radius. If I think these visitations are as harmful on the western side of London as anywhere, it is because low cold depres- sions in the air usually produce them, and the low depressions which create fogs invariably come from the east : thus we get on this side of the metropolis not only the fog, but all its worst concomitants in the shape of sulphureous smoke, the fog being laden with foul and destructive gases. Shutting out ordi- nary daylight for many hours is bad enough, swamp- ing the" plants literally in a bath of cold vapour is bad enough ; but when that vapour is permeated with pernicious gases, and even substances, soot especially, then is the case of the plants bad indeed. Well enough may a gardener, coming from the com- paratively pure air of Worcestershire, wonder at the failures arising from fog which he found at Syon. A few years since one could grow garden Anemones here in beautiful form. The fogs now destroyed every portion of leaf made during the winter, and in the spring the plants are so weakened in con- sequence, that they bloom very sparingly. As to the effect of the fogs on the Violets here, that is a matter to be viewed with considerable alarm by growers. There is some doubt as to whether a fungus is operating to destroy leafage, as the evil has shown itself considerably in rural districts ; but the blame of the defoliation whicli now almost in- variably follows upon November fogs, is very natu- rally attributed to the fogs. Where scores of acres of single Violets are grown for bloom-production, this loss of foliage is a serious matter, and one leading to the fear that ultimately Violet culture near London may become impossible. Such a result would indeed be a misfortune to our market gar- deners. A. D. HARDY SHRUBS IN FLOWER AT DROPMORE.— It is surprising that we do not find Andromeda floribunda more often met with, coming into flower as it does very early in the season — this year in February — and lasting so long in flower. In the shrubbery border it has been an object of beauty for the past two months, and has withstood ^0° of frost without injury. Its clusters of Lily of the Valley like flowers are useful, when cut, for vases, and look fresh for a considerable time. The plant will grow freely in any light soil that suits the Bhododendron. Plants of Magnolia conspicua are just at the pre- sent time unfolding their flowers, which are of pure white. It is hardy, and of somewhat slow growth, and is well adapted, therefore, for such a position as the centre of a large bed of herbaceous plants. The flowers have endured 8° of frost without being injured. Berberis Darwinii is a shrub of great merit as a simple specimen on the lawn, or in the shrub- bery border. It is, at the present time, very showy, the long and somewhat pendulous branches being festooned with its orange-coloured flowers, and these contrast well with the small dark foliage. Of Rho- dodendrons several early-flowering varieties have been in full beauty for some weeks, and although we have experienced frosty nights they have escaped without much injury, being planted in sheltered situations. One specimen of K. Dauricnm, with purple-pink flowers, is about 12 feet high, and flowering profusely. The leaves are large and hand- some, and they are covered with a chocolate-brown tomentum on the under side. Some varieties of K. Nobleanum are also very showy, and several others of lighter shades, probably seedlings, a few of which I have forwarded. C. Herrin, Dropmorc. [The small trusses of several seedlings sent bear out our corre- spondent's statements. Ed EXPORT OF FLOWERS FROM THE ISLAND OF SCILLY. — On Tuesday, the 1st inst., H500 packages of flowers were sent to the various markets in England and Scotland ; in this consignment were included upwards of 100,000 bunches of ornatus ; .*>0,000 alone were sent from the Abbey Gardens Narcissus Farm, Tresco, belonging to the lord proprietor. J. A. Dorrien-Smith, Esq. H. TomMns. MONTBRETIA POTTSM.— The treatment we give our plants perfectly agrees with " J. U., Mid-Sussex." We allow it to spread, and never lift or interfere with it, save to give a slight forking-in in early spring, and top-dressing. It flowers well every summer. Hon. Mrs. Hope, Belmont, Murrayfield, N.B. THE BIRMINGHAM PRIMULAS.— In a few re- marks you were pleased to insert last week, you refer to the flowers and foliage sent to you as showing indications of coarseness, and in a communication to you I stated that both were from nearly exhausted plants now set aside for seed. In a younger state the flowers are smoother and finer, and challenge beating on all [points. At Messrs. Pope & Sons, King's Norton Nurseries, these fine Birmingham raised varieties are to be seen, amongst them some new varieties. Princess Louise stands out pro- minently amongst whites for its good habit, throwing the flowers well out of the foliage, and of large size and remarkable substance. A seedling variety not yet sent out is a great advance upon the scarlet section, of which Chiswick Bed and Brilliant are types, The flowers 0( tlis .seedling are much larger, Apml 10, 1890.1 IH1- GARDENERS chronicle 493 bright crimson scarlet with large yellow centre. Pink Queen is deeper in colour than Her Majesty, and is in coloar very like Sutton's Pink, but with the distinct foliage and large flowers of The Queen. The King, Fern-leaved, is what may be called a red variety of The Queen, with flowers of the size of Marquis of Lome, but brighter in colour, and a very fine variety. D. S. H. RAPID APPLE STOCK BUDDING.— Kemembering an article which appeared in your paper of Sep- tember 21, 1880, upon the above subject, in which is recorded a wonderfully quick piece of work, viz., the budding of 1,850 Apple Stocks in one day by Mr. A. Hagger, the foreman at Messrs. W. & J. Brown's Nurseries, Stamford, I thought I should like to know the result of this feat ; accordingly, I asked Mr. Hagger what was the result of his rapid work, and he at once invited me to inspect them, and count the deaths for myself. As the stocks upon which the buds had failed were cut down for grafting, it was an easy matter to count the failures. To my surprise, I found there were only 75 deaths in the 1,850 worked Stocks, being a fraction under 4 per cent, of deaths. I then examined the live buds, and found them to be all plump, and ready to burst into growth. I thought the result of the above-men- tioned piece of work might be interesting to some of your readers, especially those who noticed the article of September 21 last, and who, like myself, might wonder whether quantity and quality were com- bined, or if the latter, was sacrificed. There are many thousands of fruits and Hoses budded at this nursery every year, and the same results characterise the whole — that is, where the stocks are young and healthy. Arthur W,,'. Edwardi, Elmalae Garden, CALLA /ETHIOPICA.— I should be glad to know if there are two varieties of this plant, a large and a small flowered one. Amongst the plants of Cnlla grown here, are line, strong, healthy plants, which only throw up very fine spathes ; they receive a greenhouse temperature, and are well fed with manure-water, &c. F. Kerr. [What treatment do the plants receive ? Ed. J CONFERENCE TOMATO. — I was surprised to read in your notice of Mr. Walker's farm at Ham, p. 453, mention of Conference Tomato as not " to be depended upon outdoors." Mr. Walker, if he has grown this variety outdoors, has doubtless been tavoured with an advance packet, as the variety was distributed from Chiswick only during the past winter. With regard to its outdoor properties, I took careful stock of the variety as grown outdoors at Chiswick last year, and found it to be a remarkable fruiter, the fruits hanging on the plants literally like ropes of Onions, as there was no deception about it, and a large number of kinds were being grown at Chiswick at the same time; Conference being especially numerous. The trial was a fair one, and this variety stood in the front rank of croppers. 1 mention this to encourage the growth outdoors of a variety which has come into commerce under such promising conditions. Its parentage is so good, and the place of its production the one of all others where ample trials of all possible varieties are afforded. As I have found the seed of the variety furnished to me to have germinated without heat, and in a not very warm greenhouse so profusely, whilst seed saved from home-grown fruits has not come so well by one-half, I am tempted to inquire, seeing that so much of the Conference fruit was produced outdoors at Chiswick, whether it is in the experience of others that outdoor ripened seed ger- minates more readily than do house-grown seed. I base this query on the assumption that my Chiswick seed was from outdoor plants. Still, it may not have been, therefore the remarkably free germination found would seem to be rather attributable to the variety. The point, all the same, is worth raising. Does outdoor-grown seed germinate more freely than do seed grown under glass '! A. D. ANEMONE FULQENS IN THE ISLANDS OF 6CILLY. — The growth of Anemone fulgens in the islands is of recent date, hut so much has it found favour, that it has increased fifty-fold, some growers cultivating as many as 50,000 roots. On being first introduced, cultivated roots were in great demand, but at the present time collected roots have the pre- ference. Cultivated roots cannot be depended on after the second year, but collected roots will do fairly well for twice the time, and are less in price. The quantity of flowers produced from roots not more than 1 inch long and a little thicker than the stem of a tobacco-pipe, is almost incredible ; such roots yield from six to eight blooms each during the season, which extends for three months. Good cuttings can be made twice a week during that period. 1 have been cutting from beds ever since the early part of January, and while I am writing they are in full bloom. Some of the blooms I have cut have measured .3? inches in diameter, or over 1U inches in circumference. I know of no other plant that is so productive of flowers, which always find a ready sale at prices varying from 9s. to 2s. per dozen bunches of one dozen blooms in a bunch. I am rather inclined to think that the profusion of blooms is the cause of premature decay. Hitherto no attempts have been made to raise them from seed, but trials are to be made this season. .7. C. Tbm&ins, St. Marys, iifes of Stilly. LARGE CROWN OF SEAKALE. —Accompanying this I have sent you a very large crown of Seakale, which weighs \i lb. 14 oz , and is the largest I have ■f LEA!: PERIANTH | i P, 111 I), ever seen. I shall feel obliged if you can find room in your paper to mention this. It was grown by me, at Millshot Farm, Fulham. Wm. Bagley. [The crown sent was very large, and bore ten good-sized offsets, besides numerous smaller examples. Ed.] Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. THE DAFFODIL CONFERENCE. Amu 15, 16, 17, 18.— This meeting, which was held in the Society's Gardens, Chiswick, was opened on Tuesday last by 1I.1MI. the Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck, who was received and conducted round the conservatory, by the Kev. W. Wilks (Secretary). A large and elegant bouquet of Daffo- dils, made by Mr. (larcia, Covent Garden, was presented to Her Royal Highness, on her arrival, by Miss Frances Thiselton Dyer. As a floral display, the show fell short of expec- tation, the entries being few. Two Silver Challenge Cups were offered for amateurs, but these brought forth only two exhibitors, referred to below and, indeed, the display proper was made by the grand representative collections of Messrs. Barr & Son, Mr. J. Walker, Messrs. J. Veitch & Son, Mr. Poupart, and the collection from Kew Gardens. Mr. Wilks' collection in the competition must be accorded praise, as displaying evidences of high cultivation. The method of staging the large collections was a happy innovation, the varieties of each section being placed together, and thus a capital opportunity for the comparison of the merits of the numerous varie- ties was afforded. The last great Daffodil Con- ference, which was held in 1884, evoked more interest than the one just past, and the exhibits were more numerous, but the six years which have intervened have allowed many valuable additions to be made to the list of Daffodils, many of which deserve to be largely grown ; this is especially the case in the Barri and Leedsi sections. The attendance on the first two days, when the weather was fine and warm, was very satisfactory. The Daffodil Show. Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden sent an extensive collection, representing all classes. There were 200 varieties represented, but were shown several times over, which added much to the display. The bunches were arranged with a sprinkling of their own foliage, which relieved the glare of colour generally produced by a collection of Daffodils and Narcissi. We select the most con- spicuous flowers for size and colour. The Glory of Leyden, which made a certain sensation when first shown at South Kensington some few years ago was very striking (fig. 7:1). It is a bloom of much substance. Golden Spur, Kmperor, Captain Nelson, Countess of Annesley, .lohnstoni, Mrs. G. Cammell, Spurius, Henry Irving were also well represented. ( If the Ajax bicolors, Dean Herbert, and the pale delicate J. B. M. Camm. Among the pale coloured Ajax forms, the chief was Madame de Graaff(lig. 74), with a delicate rich cream trumpet. Albicans and tortuosus were also good. The flowers grouped in the Incomparabilis, Barri, and Leedsi sections (which were grouped together) made the brightest display of any, the rich orange- red of the smallish cup being very pleasing. Gloria mundi (a novelty last year) was very fine; Queen Sophia, Frank Miles, Sir Watkin (fig. 72), Beauty, Barri, Crown Princess, and several bunches of Barri conspicuus, showing how the perianth is deep yellow in the young flower, fading as it ages. Maurice de Vilmorin should also be named. In Leedsi forms, Duchess of Westminster, Pal- nierston, Mrs. Langtry, and the almost white Gem were the best ; Burbidgei, Barouess Death, Princess Louise, Constance, Falstaff, Nelson, C. J. Back- house, Backhousei, and Crown Princess, were also shown ; and of other sections, Capax plenus, Cod- lings and Cream, Eggs and Bacon, &c, with various tazetta types. Mr. .1. Walker, Ham Common, Surrey, contributed a collection of over 100 varieties set up in large bunches without foliage. The flower was large and bright. This was a lot of the most useful varieties for general work, and of these the best shown were Aurantius, Nelsoni, Sir Watkin, Beauty, Cynosure, Princess .Mary, Minnie Hume, Mrs. Langtry, W. Ingrain, Barri conspicuus, Maurice de Vilmorin, Bea- trice Murray, Falstaff, ornatus. The various double Incomparabilis, the numerous flowers of the Emperor, Empress, and maximus types, were very fine, with large flowers of good substance. The delicate J. B. M. Camm, cernuus pulcher, and Leda (tortuosus), were also fine. Mr. l'oupart, Twickenham, sent a smaller collec- tion of very good quality blooms, including Madame de Graaff. Among the more numerously represented were Orange Phoenix, Incomparabilis fl.-pl., Maxi- mus Ilorslieldi, grandis, Emperor, Poeticus ornatus, Beauty, Duchess of Brabant, Titian, M. de Vilmorin, conspicuus, Princess Mary, Cynosure, Campernelle, M. M. de Gaaff, and Sir Watkin. Messrs. R. Veitch & Son, Exeter, had a few varie- ties represented. There were several N. moschatus, llorsfieldi, Emperor, Triandrus alba, Cynosure, and Sir Watkin. From Messrs. .las. Veitch & Son, Koyal Exotic Nurseries, Chelsea, came a considerable number of varieties, the distinguishing feature being a group of about fifty Tazettas ; among them were Queen of the Netherlands, white, with gold-yellow cup, large flower— an uncommon variety ; Soleil d'Or, dark yellow and red-orange cup, very distinct by reason of the colour of the cup; Princesse de Metternich, like 494 THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. the Queen of the Netherlands, but darker cup ; Adonis, large flower, petals broad, deep, yellow, and cup rich orange ; Grand Monarque, Bathurst, Glo- riosa, White Pearl, Intermedins, Bifrons, &c. The Tazettas are very pretty forms, but, unfortunately, are not quite hardy in England. Among the larger- flowered section the best were Golden Spur, Maxi- mus, Countess of Annesley, Henry Irving, Empress, Horsfieldi, Emperor, albicans, cernuus, Barri con- spicuus, C. J. Backhouse, aurantius, Stella, SirWatkin (fig. 72), Katherine Spurrell, poeticus poetarum and p. oinatus, odorus, trilobus, and the double Incom- parabilis. The Eoyal Gardens, Kew, had a representative collection of 150 varieties. They were well grown, fresh, and bright, and comprised a selection of the best soits. The following were among the best as shown. There were the favourite large trumpet forms, and pallidus, precox, Cynosure, Gog, Queen Sophia, King of the Netherlands, Albert Victor, C. J. Backhouse, Beauty, Splendens, and Sir Wat- kin of the Incomparabilis section ; conspicuus, Maurice deVilmorin, Duchess of Westrninster.Duchess of Brabant, Madame M. de Graaff, and W. iDgram of the Barri and Leedsi section— all very showy ; Mad. M. de Graaff (fig. 74) having a short [expanded pale cinnamon-yellow cup; and other noticeable forms were Hume's Giant, W. Wilks, Nelsoni, Backhousei, Burbidgei, poeticus ornatus, p. angustifolius, trian- drus albus ; and of Tazettas, States General, gloriosa, and Etoile d'Or, with the popular doubles. The schedule comprised twelve classes, representing the various groups. Some of these are distinct, and easily recognisable, while others merge one into another by so many and such slight gradations, that it is difficult and sometimes impossible to define them in words. If this is the case in the main groups, much more so is it in the case of the indi- vidual forms, which are now reckoned by hundreds. In the following notes we have selected several of the best as illustrations, specimens having kindly been placed at our disposal by Mr. Barr, Mr. Walker, Mr. Hartland, and others. Very great differences exist in the " grass," or foliage, of some of the varieties, but of this we have rarely been able to take note, as the specimens were mostly exhibited without the leaves. Many fine varieties are neces- sarily unrepresented, so that the absence of a note upon a particular variety must by no means be taken as an indication of inferiority. We could only take note of what was before us. The only way to study the forms efficiently is to pay a visit to a named and classified collection like Mr. Barr's, at Surbiton, and note the variation on the ground. Class 1. The Corbularia section includes the Hoop- petticoat Daffodils of popular phrase. They all belong to the species Narcissus Bulbocodium of Linnaius. The species grows wild in Spain, Portugal, South- west France, and North Africa, varying to such an extent that several of the forms have been con- sidered worth specific names. The white variety, N. Bulbocodium var. monophylla is the most interest- ing of them, but requires to be grown under pro- tection. It is reputed difficult to be cultivated, albeit of such vitality that a bulb in Mr. Munby's herbarium was found to have retained its vitality after an incarceration of a quarter of a century. Among the other forms, conspicua is notable fur its size, citrina for the pale sulphur-yellow of its crown, nivalis for its small flowers. All these flower early, and exhibit every gradation in size and colour. The Ajax section of the schedule comprises the Daffodils proper, with the large trumpet-like corona as long as the segments, or nearly so. The varieties of this section, which corresponds to the Narcissus pseudo Narcissus of Linnreus and of Baker, are beyond computation. They differ in size, from the tiny minimus to the giant Emperor; they vary in colour from pale sulphur to orange. In the pro- gramme, the division is made into self-coloured forms (class 2), bicolor forms (class .3), white or sulphur-coloured forms (class 4). In the following enumeration we have included some forms which, technically, do not belong to this section, but which resemble them closely. Class 2. The Trumpet Daffodils (Ajax group) : Glory of Leyden and Madame de Graaff are described elsewhere. Among the best are : — Countess of Annesley, a form with flowers some 4 inches across, with a pear-shaped, elongated, grooved seed-pod, a broad, funnel-shaped, yellow tube, and ovate- oblong segments of a canary- yellow, often somewhat twisted. The corona is bold, tubular, expanding into a reflected, lobulated border, the lobes regular, rounded, and often more or less overlapping by one edge. Maximus, though an old variety, is one of the very best, for the deep yellow colour of its twisted seg- ments, and the very deeply-lobed and reflected edge to the corona. M. J. Berkeley is similar to the last, but with more flimsy segments. Emperor. — A robust form, with the ovary inversely cone-shaped, not contracted at the top, as in the three preceding ; tube short, greenish-yellow, flat ; segments spreading, flat, broadly ovate, oblong acute, canary-yellow, with a bold tubular corona of a deeper colour, slightly reflected and lobulate at the margin. The foliage, or "grass," of this form is very bold. Henry Irving is very similar, but smaller in all its parts. Golden Spur is in size and shape like Countess of Annesley, but with a more slender tube and narrower segments, the outer somewhat darker in colour than in the form previously mentioned. A very fine variety. John Xclson. — Ovary scarcely contracted at the top ; tube very short, relatively greenish ; segments spreading, somewhat twisted, oblong obtuse, pale primrose ; corona tubular, boldly lobed ; lobes large, rounded. John Bright.— Ovary slender, cylindric, ovoid ; tube relatively long, greenish-yellow ; segments spreading, flat, narrow, oblong-acute, shorter than the broad, tubular corona, whose edge is divided into bold, oblong, slightly reflexed lobes. Humes Giant, a hybrid, has a short cylindric ovary, a very long yellow tube, oblong- ovate, acute spreading segments, of a pale primrose colour, and a deeper yellow, somewhat funnel-shaped corona, with a plicate and lobed edge not reflected. Mr. J. G. Baker and Mrs. J. G. Baker have medium or small-sized flowers of similar form. Mr. Baker has nearly self-coloured flowers, with the corona reflected, and only slightly lobed at the edge. Mrs. Baker has her crown of a deeper colour, and the edge more deeply lobed. BastemU is one of the maximus type, with cylin- dric ovary, narrow funnel-shaped tube, spreading, twisted, narrow segments, and a cylindric corona, divided at the edge into six bold rounded lobes. This form was collected in Spain by Mr. Barr. Stansfield has the appearance of a hybrid. It has a cylindric ovary, star-like perianth, with narrow oblong flat segments and a straight tubular corona, divided into rounded lobes. Hume's Concolor, a hybrid, is similar to Hume's Giant, but smaller in all its parts. Mrs. H. J. Elwes. — A medium-sized flower, with short, deep yellow, funnel - shaped tube ; spread- ing oblong obtuse, rich yellow segments, shorter than the boldly-lobed cup, the edges of which are slightly reflected. Ard High is a fine Irish variety belonging to this section, and which flowers early. Hmlihras has a small well-shaped flower, with broadly ovate canary-yellow segments, and a broadly expanded tube of a darker shade. Among this section is a striped variety, Regina Margarita, in which the segments are milky-white, with a central yellow stripe. The corona is clear yellow, plicated, the margin irregularly lobed with blunt lobes. Mrs. George Cammell (Johnstoni sretion).— A very remarkable form, collected by Mr. Barr in Spain. The ovary is cylindric, curved ; the tube yellow, trumpet-shaped, the segments narrow, oblong, some- what reflexed, clear yellow, corona as long as the segments, and of the same colour, tubular, cylindric, entire. The flower has a resemblance to a large Cyclamineus. "Class 3 (Ajax bicolors) ; a group in which the seg- ments of the corona are whitish, while the corona is rich yellow. In this section, Empress takes the lead. Her Im- perial Majesty has flowers 4 inches across, a short thick germen, a short broad yellowish tube, broadly oblong obtuse apiculate pale sulphur-coloured seg- ments, and a bold clear yellow corona, dividing at the spreading border into shallow broad rounded lobes. Horsfieldi is very similar to Empress, but rather smaller and with narrower segments, flushed with yellow in the centre. Both are very fine forms. Harrison Weir and Bean Herbert again resemble Horsfieldi, but have smaller flowers, the segments channelled (not flat). As they lie on the table be- fore us, after having been gathered some days, we can detect little or no difference, but no doubt on this ground the variations are more apparent. Daniel Dewar also belongs here. It has a narrower and more slender ovary, and the segments, are flushed at the base with deep yellow. Class 4 (Ajax, white or pale sulphur). F. W. Burbidgc has the largest flowers of this class, at least as far as our material goes. The ovary is oblong ovoid, the tube very long, relatively funnel-shaped, yellowish ; segments narrow oblong acute, twisted, as long as the cylindric tube, pale sulphur coloured, which has a reflexed border divided into rounded lobes. Mrs. F. W. Burbidgs is similar to the preceding, but the tube and segments are broader, and the crown shorter and broader. Albicans is very like F. W. Burbidge, especially in its long corona, which, however, is paler in colour and more slender. Exquisite is a large flower with yellowish tube, oblong twisted segments, and bold corona, with a reflected irregularly-lobed border. Cernuus, Tortuosus, Colleen Bawn, and W. Goldring, are all similar, showing minor variations iu the colour and lobing of the corona. They are all elegant and differ one from the other in the time of flowering. Duchess of Connaught apparently belongs to this section, but the flowers are not reflexed, and the colour, both of the segments and of the corona, is a pale lemon yellow of great delicacy. Classes 5, 6 and 8 partly : — The peerless Daffodil, N. incomparabilis, is taken by Baker to be a wild species, having the cup about half the length of the segments. It is native of Spain and South-western France, and is the parent of innumerable seedling forms and hybrids. Herbert was of opinion that the peerless one is itself a hybrid between N. pseudo-Narcissus (Daffodil) and the poet's Narcissus, he, as well as others, having raised a form indistinguishable from the wild form of incomparabilis. As to the origin of the Leedsi group, nothing is known for certain ; Mr. Barr, however, inclines to the opinion that poeticus and cernuus were the parents of this section, while poeticus and incomparabilis furnished the Barr group. The Bernardi group is yielded by the combination of variformis and poeticus. Even with the specimens before us, we cannot profess to be able to refer them all with certainty to their appropriate sections. The true incomparabilis section has the corona large in proportion to the segments ; the Barri forms have the corona small in proportion to the segments ; the Backhousei set have the coronas as long as the segments, or nearly so. The best course open to us seems to be not to attempt to follow the schedule entirely, but to throw the specimens together into two main groups— (1) those having yellow segments, with yellow or orange cups ; and (2) those having white segments, with whitish or yellow cups. (1.) Forms with Yellow Segments and Yellow- orange Corona. Sir Watkin (fiig. 72) is too well known to need de- scription. Its interesting history has lately been the subject of discussion in our columns. Lash/ Watkin is of dwarfer habit, has a somewhat smaller flower, and a corona of deeper orange- yellow. C. J. Backhouse is noted as a " good doer," and ia a fine flower, with cylindric ovary, a long cylindric tube ; spreading, star-shaped perianth, with oblong obtuse lobes; and a deep orange, funnel-shaped, lobed corona, not reflected at the margin. E. Hart has a sub-angular ovary, surmounted by an elongate slender tube ; and spreading, oblong, apiculate, clear yellow segments ; the corona broadly cup-shaped, folded, lobulate, of a rich yellow. Splendens.— Ovary cylindric ; tube long, slender ; perianth spreading ; segments oblong-acute, sulphur- yellow, with a deep cup, yellow at the base, and with an orange border. Kinej of the Netherlands is like the two preceding, but the perianth is paler sulphur coloured, and the corona more spreading at the top, deep yellow, not orange. Gloria Mundi has a smaller flower than the two preceding. The perianth segments are deeper yellow, and the cup a rich orange, and nearly half the length of the segments. Autocrat has a relatively short ovary, a curved tube, a large flat perianth ; with spreading, narrow, oblong, sulphur-yellow segments, and a broad open cup of deeper yellow. Cynosure is one of the favourite flowers of the day. It has a long, slender, trumpet-shaped tube, with oblong obovate pointed segments of a creamy-yellow colour; with a broad, cup-shaped, orange corona, plicated, and with a lobulate edge. April 10, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 495 Frank Miles is a fine variety, with large flat flowers of a canary-yellow colour ; with a enp-shaped, pli- cated corona of a deep yellow, with shallow lobes at the margin. Beauty, a large form, with oblong ovoid sulcate ovary ,; curved, slender tube ; spreading oblong seg- ments sulphur-yellow, flushed with deeper yellow at the base ; cup broadl}\funnel-shaped, plicated, divided at the margin into oblong rounded lobes. Princess Mary, like the preceding, but with a broader and cup-shaped, deep yellow corona. Baroness Heath, a small form with sulphur-yellow, ovate oblong segments, and a wide orange cup, one- third the length of the segments. Barri conspicuus. — A flower of medium size, with elongated, furrowed ovary, rather thick'straight tube ; broadly ovate, oblong acute segments ; crown cup- shaped, one-fourth the length of the segments, plicated, wiih an orange-coloured lobed border. Queen Sophia has a relatively short cylindric germen, a long greenish sulcated tube, the segments oblong ovate acute, whitish, flushed with sulphur; the cup basin-shaped, rich yellow, deeply lobed and plicated half the length of the segment. Semipartitusx, a very distinct form, with flowers of medium size; segments oblong acute, twisted, pale primrose-yellow ; the corona one-third the length of the segments, broad, saucer-shaped, divided at the margin into six well-marked rounded lobes, as in odorus Baekhousci,— (Backhousei X type) seems interme- diate between incomparabilis and Pseudo-Narciesus. It has an oblong ovary, funnel-shaped tube, spreading broadly ; oblong segments of a pale yellow or sulphur colour ; and a corona broadly tubular, lobed at the edge, canary-yellow, and of the same length as the segments. W. Wilis (Backhonsei) is similar, but has a darker yellow corona, more tapering at the base than in the former case. Wolley Bod (Backhousei section). — A medium- sized flower, with very short, ovoid, truncate ovary ; tube funnel-shaped, yellow; segments spreading, oblong, ovate, obtuse, apiculate, primrose-yellow, about the same length as the broad corona, which is deep yellow, with a boldy lobed edge ; lobes rounded, erect. Duchess of Albany (tridymus section). — Flowers in threes, or in pairs ; ovary oblong, not furrowed ; tube narrow, trumpet-shaped ; flowers medium-sized ; seg- ments oblong, primrose-coloured ; cup cylindric. folded two-thirds the length of the segments, ricli canary-yellow, entire at the margin. Duke of Allan y belongs to the same section, and has rather larger flowers than the Duchess; the corona of a deeper yellow, and rather more expanded at the margin. Prinecss Alice (tridymus), similar to the pre- ceding ; flowers small, primrose-coloured ; segments oblong-acute ; corona tubular, rich yellow, entire, two-thirds the length of the segments. Odorus (the Jonquil type). — Very distinct in its quill-like foliage, its medium-sized fragrant flowers, clear yellow corona, half the size of the oblong seg- ments, and of the same colour, but somewhat deeper ; deeply and regularly six-lobed at the margin. Bugulosus is very like the preceding, but has larger flowers, witli broader segments, deeper, and of the same colour as the corona, which is less deeply divided than in odorus. (2.) Forms with Whitk on Nkaiii.i Win n Sbo- HBNTS, and Win ik or 1'ai.k Vkli.ow Corona (Leedsi x type), and Othebs, Beatrice may be described as like a white incom- parabilis, both the oblong lanceolate segments and corona being of a pure white ; the corona is about half the length of the segments, tubular, cup-shaped. A very distinct and beautiful variety. Gem is similar, but the segments are narrowed at the base, and expanded towards the top. Hon, Mrs. Barton (incomparabilis). — Flower of medium size, segments oblong acute ; corona trumpet- shaped, half length of the segments, white, slightly lobed at the edge. Minnie Hume, — Segments, oblong white ; corona pale sulphur-coloured, spreading, lobed and folded. Kathcrine Spun-ell. — Segments broadly oblong, apiculate, pale sulphur-coloured ; cup primrose- yellow, plicated, spreading, nearly entire at the margin. Queen Brss i incomparabilis section). — Segments oblong obtuse, whitish, with an expanded basin- shaped corona, half the length of the segments ; clear canary-yellow, folded and lobed at the margin. Acis (incomparabilis Leedsf).— Flower medium- sized ; segments oblong, whitish ; corona spreading, tubular, half the size of the segments, folded, scarcely lobed at the margin. Grand Duchess. — A white Leedsi form, remark- able for its very expanded basin-shaped corona, frilled at the edge. The corona is described as stained orange, but in the specimen before us (hort. Barr), the crown is nearly white without any orange colour. Madge Matthew. — Flower of medium size ; ovary elongate, tube relatively short; segments narrow, oblong, obtuse, slightly twisted ; corona white, half the length of the segments, plicated, spreading, and slightly lobed at the edge. Duchess of West minster (incomparabilis Leedsi). — Segments narrow oblong, somewhat acute white ; corona creamy-yellow, half the length of the seg- ments, tubular, slightly expanded at the top, border dividing into very shallow lobes. Stella (incomparabilis type), flower large ; ovary long, barrel-shaped tube slightly curved, greenish ; segments twisted, pale sulphur-yellow, flushed with deeper yellow at the base : corona cylindric, canary- yellow, plicate, lobulate. Goliath is similar to the last, but considerably larger. \ m major has the ovary ovoid, surmounted by relatively short thick tube ; segments spreading, FlO. ->.':; . : i ■■'.'. !.:. \ I LLOV white, obloDg-acute ; corona half the length of the segments, cylindric, plicated, slightly lobed at the margin, clear canary -yellow. Maurice ' I" /.—Flowers of medium size; segments ovate-oblong, rounded, whitish, flushed with yellow ; corona half the length of the segments, tubular, slightly pl'.cate, orange, JohnBarr.— Flower of medium size; ovary cylindric, sulcate ; tube cylindric ; segments spreading, whitish ; corona one-fourth of the size of the segments, cup- shaped, plicated, deep yellow. Crown Princess, — Flower of medium size ; ovary cylindric, sulcate ; tube slender, curved ; segments narrow, oblong, pale fawn coloured ; corona one- third the length of the segments, broadly cup-shaped, plicated, deep orange, not reflected at the margin. General Murray. — Flower small ; ovary oblong ; tube greenish ; segments oblong-ovate, pale fawn- coloured ; corona half the length of the segments, cup-shaped, plicated, orange, slightly lobed at the edge. Flora Wilson. — Flower of medium size; ovary ovoid-oblong, not furrowed; perianth tube stout; segments broadly oblong acute, pale cream-coloured ; corona one-third of the length of the segments ; tubular, plicate, with a deep orange border. Ellen Barr (Burbidgei X group) has flowers of medium size, white, resembling poeticus ; the corona a fourth the length of the segments, broadly cup- shaped, plicate crenulate at the margin, Mary (Burbidgei x group).— Flowers of medium size ; segments somewhat twisted at the base, pale cream coloured ; corona one-fourth the length of the segments, basin-shaped, lobed rich yellow. Montanus. — A form with reflexed white flowers, almost always deformed. The flowers look as if they might have originated as a cross between ceniuus and poeticus. Class 7 is represented by the lovely triandrus, fig. 75, and the curious cyclamineus, with its narrow perianth segments reflexed. Class 8 contains the plants of the sections Bur- bidgei, poeticus, odorus, juncifolius, and Jonquilla. These have mostly been dealt with under other headings, but ornatus requires mention as an early form of the poeticus greatly in request in the markets at the present time. Class 0 is devoted to plants of the gracilis, inter- medius, and polyanthus, fig. 78, (Tazetta) groups. Class 10 includes a miscellaneous collection of double Daffodils, from the big Telamonius plenus, a plant that has survived the period of neglect in many a cottage garden, and proves its right to do so by its great effectiveness. Queen Anne's Daffodil is remarkable for the regular superposition of its segments, the corona not being represented as fully described in a paper in the Journal of the Linnean Society. Odorus plenus is an effective variety, in which the perianth segments and corona are both represented. Other double Daffodils and their peculiarities are detailed in a paper published in these columns in 187o, April 17 and 24. Competitive Classes. A Silver Cup presented to the Society by the Rev. W. Wilks was offered for competition by amateurs, for a collection of Daffodils (Polyanthus excluded.) There were only two entries in this class. The liev. W. Wilks, Shirley Vicarage, Croydon, had a collection of vigorous well grown flowers, and was awarded the cup ; here Sir Watkin was most noticeable on account of its great size, they were the finest blooms of this variety in the show. C. J, Backhouse, Gloria Mundi, Empress, Baroness Heath, Princess Mary, Primulinus, Cressida, Horsfieldi, double incomparabilis, Orange Phicnix, Barri, con- spicuus, Acis, Macleai, fig. 70, Leda, J. B. M. Camm, may be singled out for fine development, but all were large and well grown. Mr. C. W. Cowan, Valley field, Pennycuick, showed a collection of greater size, but the cultivation evidenced was not of so high a order. C. J. Back- house, Harrison Weir, Countess of Annesley, splen- dens, Barri conspicuus, Sir Watkin, Ch. Hopper, Princess Mary, Leedsii, elegans, Duchess of West- minster, and Fairy, with several of the moschatus type, were the best ; Mr. C. W. Cowan also had exhibits in the following classes, viz , for a Silver Medal, offered for amateurs by Messrs. llarr & Son, for fifty distinct varieties; and again for a medal offered by the same for a collection of twenty live varieties, showing similarly Sir Watkin, Maximus, and the Leedsii, and Barri forms, looking very bright, and was awarded the medal in each class. Miscellaneous. Messrs. Barr & Son showed a small collection of herbaceous plants, including Anemone fulgens vars., Muscaris, Fritillarias, and fine coloured new Tulips ; also several Orchids and Ophrys, Messrs. R. Veitch & Son had trusses of Rhododendron gloxinxllora, white, with crimson-brown spots ; also Parma violets. Messrs. Jekyll, Munsted, Godalming, hail a collection of grand varieties of Primroses and Poly- anthuses, large-flowered, and with vigorous foliage. A box of a doz<>n splendid Marechal Niel Roses came from Mr. II. Shoesmith, gr. to — Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage, Croydon — a grand lot of deli- cate fresh flowers. Mr. Miller, gr. to the Right Hon. Lord Fowley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher, sent a box of Mushrooms. Mr. J. T. Gilbert, Dyke Bourn Nursery, Brighton, sent Anemone fulgens, very bright, single and double ; and a box of Camellia reticulata flowers, from the original plant in the Society's Gardens, was also shown. Captain Nelson, Col. R. Trevor Clarke, Daventry ; Mr. G. Greyson, Starkie House, Leyland ; Rev. A. Rawson, Fallbarrow, Windermere; and the Bey. T. II. Marsh, each contributed a few blooms to the display ; and Mr. T. Ryan, gr. to the Earl of Annes- ley, Castlewellan, co. Down, sent a fine bunch of bis seedling, Countess of Annesley, a showy early flowerer. Representations of Daffodils came from Mr. C. M. Cowan, Pennycuick, and Mr. J. D.Pearson, Chil- 496 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. well Nurseries, Notts, both of whom send a collec- tion of photographs of Daffodils with delicate grada- tions of light and shade, especially in the first-named ; and from Professor Oliver, Kew, came a coloured representation of Narcissus incomparabilis, fl.-pl., drawn by E. D. Ehret, who flourished from 1708 to 1770. New Foems. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, had, among others, a moschatus form named James Veitch. The trumpet was long, and of a pale pure cream colour— very distinct ; Prodigy had a small flower, ing a greater advance to a deep blue colour than has yet been made. A series of intermediate forms were also shown. Root Galls on Poa annua. — Professor Marshall Ward showed a specimen of this grass with spiral knobs on the rootlets, due to the irritation of the cortical tissues caused by root-worms, Heterodera radicicola. Mr. Morris alluded to the recent publi- cation of a report on this subject by the American Department of Agriculture. " Fingered " Orange. — From Mr. Rivers, of Saw- bridgeworth, came specimens of Oranges showing a starry petals and sepals, of a primrose-yellow pointed, part'ial dissociation of the carpels similar to the the trumpet nearly as long as the perianth segment— corresponding anomaly in the Citron, of which rich yellow, cylindric, contracted at the throat ; and Prime Minister, with a perianth of soft yellow ; the trumpet full yellow, and expanding slightly longer than the segment of the perianth. Among Messrs. Barr & Son's novelties were the following, all of the Ajax type :— Samson, a large, full yellow flower, the trumpet being a shade darker than the perianth— a striking variety ; Wideawake, yellow trumpet, with primrose perianth, the top of the trumpet being very wide ; Dante, pale primrose, with a sulphur edge to the corona. Several other forms were also contributed, but were not specially striking. Awards were made as follows : — Medals. Gold, to Messrs. Barr & Son. Silver-gilt Flora, to Mr. J. Walker. Silver Flora, to Messrs. J. Veitch & Son. Silver Banksian, to Mr. Poupart. Registered Narcissi. The following is a list of garden and selected varieties of Narcissus, sanctioned up to the present time by the Narcissus Committee : — PscKfZo.— Automedon,',Cballenger,Troilus, Achilles, Vicar of Lulworth, Golden Prince, and Ard Righ. Major. — Henry Irving, Emperor, The Czar, Glory of Leyden, Madame de Graaff, Distinction, and Santa Maria. Bicolor— Empress, John Horsfield, J. B. M. Camm, Camoens, and Dean Herbert. Moschatus. — Leda, Minnie Warren, Gladys, Niobe, and Little Nell. These varieties are now under observation. Incomparabilis. — Sir Watkin, Mary Anderson, Lulworth, C. J. Backhouse, Princess Mary, Auto- crat, Queen Bess, and Gloria Mundi. Backhousei. — William Wilks. Bernardi. — II . P. Buxton. tridi/mus. — A. Rawson. Lcedsi. — Beatrice, Gem, Minnie Hume, Duchess of Westminster, Acis, and Madge Matthew. — Barri. — Conspicuous, and Maurice de Vil- morin. To the foregoing must be added the following, which were registered at the Conference, and making in all a total of fifty-four varieties : — From Captain Nelson, the varieties Nelson's Orange (= Nelsoni aurantius), pure white perianth segments, with an orange-red well-expanded cup; and Captain XelsoD, a large-flowered canary-yellow Ajax variety, with a wide tube, and somewhat starry perianth. From Messrs. Barr & Son, the varieties P. R. Barr (Ajax), with broad, overlapping perianth segments, bright yellow, trumpet darker yellow, with an expanding edge; and intermedius Sunset, with a dense buncb of blooms, each flower being full yellow, with a bright orange-red cup ; and for seedlings raised by M. de Graaff: — Lena (Ajax), moderate-sized flower, bright yellow ; Samson, a large bright yellow flower, referred to above ; Golden Vase, very deep yellow Ajax, moderate size ; Duchess of Teck (bicolor), which recalls Empress ; Madame Plemp (bicolor), of fine and bright colours, a wide yellow trumpet, and narrow perianth segments ; Mrs. Walter Ware (bicolor), with a short wide trumpet, smaller than Madame Plemp, very broad perianth segments ; and Miss White (bunch-flowered Leedsi), rather small flowers, with a white perianth, and lemon-yellow cup. drawings were recently laid before the committee. Cytisus Ada, ni x .—Mr. Wilks showed a flowering shoot of Cytisus purpureus which had been engrafted on a seedling Laburnum. Professor Marshall Ward called attention to the explanation offered by Pro- fessor Strassburger, of the occurrence of the famous Cytisus Adami, viz., that it was due to an accidental fusion of two nuclei, one from one species, one from the other. Diseased lines. — Mr. Blackmore sent a specimen with the following note : — " The specimen sub- mitted is the entire upward growth of a young Gros Colmar planted in a vinery border, and started into growth some two months since. About three weeks ago it was suddenly struck with this fatal complaint, having, up to that time, been strong and healthy, with richly coloured foliage. I have not examined the roots, but believe that they are quite healthy, as in fifty similar cases I have always found them to be. There are no cold draughts in the house, neither has there been any sudden fall of temperature. Other Vines close by are in luxuriant health and full growth." The specimen was referred to Prof. Marshall Ward for examination and report. Botanical Certificates. — Awards were made on the ground of botanical interest and novelty to Dendro- bium albo-violaceum and Disa sagittalis. Scientific Committee. April 8. — D. Morris, Esq., in the chair. Scale on Fiq Tree. — Mr. McLachlan reported that the scale on the Fig tree was a species new to Great Britain, and named Mytilaspis ficus. Purple Primrose. — Mr. Wilson exhibited a plant of a Primrose, a seedling from Scott Wilson, show- ianum, and venustum, Cattleya Trianre formosa, very rich in colour ; and a fine Masdevallia Ilarryana. Mr. G. H. Kenrick (W. A. Powell, gr.) also exhi- bited a fine lot, being 3rd for twelve, and 2nd for three, including a fine Odontoglossum citrosmum, Cymbidium Lowianum, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, aud D. Wardianum. Auriculas were fairly represented, in competition, amongst them being good examples of Duke of Wellington, Frank Simonite, General Neil, Robert Trail, and John Simonite. Some good alpine varieties were also staged. The non-competing exhibits were numerous. Mr. Thomas Ware, Tottenham, sent a large collection of cut Narcissi, about eighty varieties. Messrs. Dicksons (Limited), Chester, staged admirably, fifty varieties Narcissi. Messrs. Cutbush & Son, Highgate Nurseries, London, sent a quantity of plants, including very fine Cyclamens, Boronia heterophylla, Staphylia colchica, Narcissi, and Crown Imperials. Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., St. John's Nursery, Worcester, set up a fine display of Rhododendrons and Azalia mollis, berried Aucubas, Japanese Maples, and Clematis. Messrs. Thomson, nurserymen, Birmingham, showed an artistically arranged group of plants within a circle of Primula obeonica. The same firm also exhibited a large design of an anchor in flowers. Messrs. Hendith & Co., Solyhull Nurseries, Bir- mingham/set up a small but effective group, in which Japanese Maples, Lilium Harrisii, and the old hoop- petticoat Narcissus were conspicuous ; also a group of hardy Polyanthus, &c. Messrs. Pope & Sons, nurserymen, Birmingham, set up a group of plants, in which were several plants of the fine double zonal Geranium " Le Bruant," a group of the hardy Primula marginata, some very fine Clematis, and fancy Pansies. BIRMINGHAM SHOW. April 16 and 17. — The tenth annual exhibition was held in the Town Hall, Birmingham, the quality of the exhibits throughout being very good. Hya- cinths have always been a prominent feature here. There was a falling off in the quantity, but quality was fairlv well maintained in the exhibits, and much credit is "due to Mr. Cooper, gr. to Charles Showell, Esq., Edgbaston, for his two 1st prize lots of eighteen, in competition for the Society's prize as well as the extra prizes offered by Messrs. Thomson. In these two groups were fine examples of the general show favourites. An excellent display of Tulips was staged, and good Lily of the Valley, some well grown Dielytras. large specimen Deutzias, and Spinea japonicas were also shown. The Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., took the 1st prize for four pot Roses, with well grown, medium sized specimens, and the Azaleas -a good display — were medium sized, clean, and well flowered plants, Mr. Grice taking the 1st prize for six plants ; Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., 2nd, for six, and 1st for three, and for a single specimen. Azalea mollis were well represented, and were striking objects. Here, again, Mr. Cowper, gr. to the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, was 1st, with fine specimens. The 1st prize lot of six Cinerarias, set up by Mr. W. II. Dyer, gr. to Mrs. Marigold, were well done plants, one or two of them reminding us of the old days, when the late Mr. Charles Turner, of Slough, exhibited such glorious specimens. Sir Thomas Martineau's 1st prize lot of six stove and greenhouse plants not only deserved the posi- tion of 1st, but great praise also for admirable culture ; these were Anthurium Scherzerianuin, Clerodendron Balfourii, Dendrobium nobile, Iman- tophylluni miniatum,Tracheliospermumjasminoides, and a well-bloomed Hydrangea Thomas Hogg. Orchids were well represented by many good and rare specimens. The 1st prizes for twelve and six Orchids were awarded to the Right Hon. J. Cham- berlain. Amongst them were fine specimens of Cattleyas Lawrenceana, Mendelii, and Schrcrderii ; Dendrobiums crassinode Barberiana, Wardianum, and Freemauii, Oncidium Marshallianum, Odontoglos- sum Andersonianum, and a good specimen of Ada aurautiaca. The 2nd prizes in each class fell to Mr. Charles Winn, with fine lots, in which were some fine Cypripediums villosum, Schrcederii, Warner- EDINBUBGH BOTANICAL. April 10. — At the meeting of the Society held this evening, there were given several microscopic demonstrations, and an interesting paper by Pro- fessor Balfour, in which it was shown that Edinburgh at one time had three small botanic gardens, which have, after nearly two centuries, resulted in the establishment of the present Royal Botanic Garden. Mr. Lindsay, the President, reported on the progress of vegetation at this garden for March, as follows : — " During the month of March the thermometer was at or below the freezing point on thirteen mornings. The total amount of frost registered for the month was 49°, as against 90° for the correspond- ing month last year. The lowest temperatures were indicated on the mornings of the 3rd, 20° ; 9th, 24° ; 18th, 28° ; 24th and 31st, 27°. The day tempe- ratures were high, the lowest being 40°, on the 9th, and the highest 04°, on the 10th. " Rain fell on thirteen days, and snow on two days. There were frequent intervals of bright sun- shine, and on the whole the month was a most favourable one. " Vegetation generally has made rapid progress. Deciduous trees and shrubs, such as Thorns, Lilac, Horse Chestnut, Plane, and Pyrus are already burst- ing into leaf. The different varieties of flowering Currant are in full blossom. On south walls, the double-flowered Peach, Magnolia Yulan, and For- sythia viridissima are flowering more profusely than they have done for many seasons. Of the forty spring flowering plants whose dates of flowering are annually recorded, the following ten came into flower, viz. : — Scilla bifblia taurica, on March 5 ; Narcissus pumilus, 8th ; Orobus vermis, 9th ; Draba ajzoides, 9th ; Erythronium Dens canis, 10th ; Om- phalodes verna, 11th ; Narcissus pseudo-Narcissus, 15th ; Corydalis solida, 20th ; Ribes sanguineum, 22nd ; Hyoscyamus scopalia, 23rd. " On the rock-garden seventy-three species and varieties came into flower during the month, being thirteen more than for last March. Amongst the most conspicuous were : — Anemone Pulsatilla, Cor- bularia nivalis, Dentaria eneaphylla and pentaphylla, Narcissus bicolor and varieties, N. incomparabilis gigantea, N. rupicola, Olearia Gunniana, Pachys- tima Canbyii, Pulmonaria arvernensis, Primula marginata, P. cashmiriana, Saxifraga Burseriana Boydii, S. ciliata, S. imbricata, S. juniperina, Sol- denella montana, Synthiris reniformis, Veronica Colensoii, Xanthoriza apiifolia." Mr. Bullen sent an extract from record of tern- Aphil 10, 1890.] THE G A IWEXEB S' CHB ONI CL E. 497 perature, &c, in the Botanic Garden, Glasgow, for March. " Frost was registered on eight nights during the month, the lowest reading being on the night of the 2id, when lO3 were recorded. The total frost was only 28°. During March last year the total was 67°. '• Although cold winds were frequently felt, they were mostly from the south and west, and as a con- sequence it has been comparatively mild, with a moderate rainfall, but a large proportion of dull or sunless days, Hardy vegetation is in a forward state, and "neither sharp frosts nor withering winds occurred ; it is likely to be a good fruit season. " Ribes sanguinea and the Japan Quince had ex- panded leaves at the end of the month, while the leaves of the Balsam Poplar, common Lilac, Elre- agnus argenteus, had foliage half-developed, and which is an early date for these plants here. Hardy perennials are also early above ground." The following exhibits were displayed: — From the garden, cut flowers from the open air of Magnolia conspicua, double-flowered Peach, Rhodo- dendron Thomsoni, R. ciliatum, R. campanulatum, Erythronium giganteum, E. g. roseum, E. grandi- florum. From the Rev. J. McMintrie, a fine specimen of Primula viscosa gathered by him in Switzerland fourteen years ago. HISTORY OF CULTIVATED NARCISSUS.* Mr. Bcebidge remarked how singularly appro- priate it seemed to him, this holding of a four days' tournament under the auspices of Queen Daffodil, in the time-honoured and memory-haunted precincts of the Chiswick garden — a garden visited years ago by Haworth and Herbert, Salisbury and Sabine, Lindlev, Sweet, Ellacombe, and many others of the former lovers of the Narcissus. The lecturer then pointed out that a love for these fragrant blossoms was almost as old as human history itself, and gave quotations from the Homeric "Hymn to Demeter " (n.c. 1000), and from the "CEdipusat Colonus"of Sophocles, both of whom mi nl Mined Narcissus Ta/.etta lor its glittering beauty and fragrance nearly 3000 years ago. Turning from poetry and speculative " guesses at truth,'' the lecturer next emphasized the lact that Mr. W. Flinders 1'etrie, the celebrated Egyptologist, had lecently discovered— that is to say, in 1888 — at lluwara, in Egypt, actual flowers of Narcissus Ta/.etta, as before alluded to, these blossoms having been deftly woven into funeral wreaths or votive garlands as long ago as the first century before the Christian era. These offerings to the honoured dead are supposed to have been made by Greek residents in Egypt, and are now preserved in the collections at Kew, where they may be seen. Alter the poets of Greece, however, in chrono- logical order, come the early Greek physicians, such as Hippocrates, and at a much later date, Galen, both of whom recommended the usage of the poi- sonous or narcotic roots of Narcissus for anaesthetic and medical purposes. Theophrastus of Eresus (n.c. 374 — 286), described the plant, and he appears to have been the first to allude to its increase by means of seeds, which he tells us " were sometimes gathered for sowing," and he further says that the fleshy roots or bulbs were some- times planted. As a beautiful and variable wild and garden flower in Southern and Western Europe, in North Africa, and in the East, there is no doubt but that this flower has ever been popular, but so far as English gardens are concerned, the Narcissus seems to have first become famous during, or shortly pre- vious, to Elizabethan times, when all the greatest poets mention it ; and during the same epoch, both Gerard and Parkinson, the Royal Herbalists of their day, illustrate or describe at least a hundred kinds, and of these old Gerard (1597 to 1633) espe- cially writes that " all and every one of them " * Abstract of a paper read at the Narcissus Conference hel.i at the Chiswick Gardens of the K... ■ .1 Horticultural Society on April 16, 1890, by F. W. Burbidge, M.A., F.L.S., Curator of Trinity College Botanical Gardens, Dublin. abounded in London gardens. No doubt the com- mon yellow Daffodil of the woods and meadows in " Merry England " had been popular as a flower for the making of festive wreaths or garlands long before exotic kinds were introduced and cultivated in gardens, since these are mentioned by Chaucer and other early English poets, just as they were by those of ancient Greece. When the great wave of early seventeenth century culture spread over Europe, choice Narcissi were imported from Constantinople and the Levant generally, as Gerard quaintly tells us was the fact, along with other bulbed flowers, these latter including the then more attractive Tulip, and no doubt the Hyacinth as well. Mr. Burbidge next alluded to the old Dutch paintings of garden flowers, dating from 1590 to 1650, and in which many kinds of Narcissi find portraiture. He in particular instanced one picture now to be seen in the Louvre (No. 477, viz., " Triomphe d'Amour," the figures by Zampieri, the wreath of flowers surrounding them being by Seghers ; " Le Jesuite d'Anvers," this wreath containing life- size portraits of fourteen or fifteen kinds of Narcissi and of Daffodils, some of which are the rarities of to-day. Other pictures exist in the "Musee des Arts Decoratifs," in our own National Gallery, and other collections public and private, in which these flowers find a place, and even our English Cleopatra, Queen Elizabeth, seems to have been fond of them, since in a portrait of her by Zucchero, hanging in the Examination Hall of Trinity College, Dublin, there is a flower of the purple-ringed, or Poet's Nar- cissus, painted in a prominent position by her side. Again, in the rare old lolios and other books of the same epoch (1590 to 1650), many species and varieties, including several natural or wild hybrids, are illustrated either by wood engravings (mostly made at the then celebrated Plantin, or Plantin- Moretiis press at Antwerp), or by copper-plate etchings or engravingi. Especial mention was made of the works of the pre-Linnean botanists, such as L'Obel, 1) >doens, L'Ecluse — who was one of the first and best of European plant collectors — Jean Robin, Gerard and Parkinson. Mr. Burbidge also alluded to some rare works, such as Sweert's FlorUegium, the Btirtui Floridtu, of Crispian Passe, junr., Jardin du Roy and Thea- trtim Ftorcr, and to the ill-fated book of draw- ings: issued by the Rudbecks in 1702, the Co. / Elysii, of which only two or three copies exist, most ot the issue, woodblocks, &c, having been burned in the great fire at Upsala in 1702. It was stated that the only complete copy of this last work is that in the Sherardian Library, at the Botanical Gardens, Oxford ; but there is also a copy, less perfect, in the Banksian Library, British Museum, which contains all the woodcuts illustrating the Narcissi. It was also stated that portraits of two of the beautiful white Spanish Daffodils were seen by Salisbury (a noted authority on these flowers about a century ago), in the palace at Fontainebleau. Theywere worked in coloured silks on a fire-screen, said to have been given by Henry IV. to La Belle Gabrielle. Salisbury especially tells us in the Transactions of the Royal Horticultural Society, vol. i., that these representations were most natural and life-lik<', the legend worked beneath them being " Coquelourdes Blancs, 1598," or the year before John Gerard the Barber-Surgeon pub- lished his famous Serial, which bulky as it was, gave a great impetus to the general study of botany and gardening in England for years and years after it first appeared. Mr. Burbidge next alluded to the history of the cultivated and wild Narcissi, and to the now numerous and ever increasing garden hybrids and seedlings, as also to the men like Herbert, Leeds, Backhouse, Horsefield, Nelson, &c, who have in the main enriched our modern gardens with the most beautiful forms and phases of this flower. A considerable and valuable portion of Mr. Bur- bidge's paper consisted of a chronological history of the genus from the days of Homer to those of Oscar Wilde ! In this tabulated list, mention is made under dates of all the principal poets, physicians, philosophers, and botanists, who have alluded to the odour, beauty, uses, &c, of this now fashionable flower, or with whose names it has become connected. It forms a concise index to the principal men and books, and will, when printed in the Society's Journal, be found handy for reference purposes from time to time. The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a *' Day-degree " signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Suk. js be ACCUMULATED a | S A. H 1 = A J 1. 55 ' >■ | £ c -". - ' f T| P 1 ►.g 3i | [ i B. + s 11 1 -il n 3 I'i II < n H -* Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg. [nch. l 4 — 8 30 4- bo — 62 6 + 7b t6.6 25 a 2 — 16 38 + -il — 6S 2 — fit 8.5 37 28 3 3 — 16 26 + 31 - 91 2 — 53 r, .; 29 24 4 4 — 83 19 + 4 - 27 Oav. 68 6.1 31 31 5 4 — 30 19 + 7 — 14 1 — ■1 5.S 35 28 6 4 — 30 1.1 r U - 46 2 — 51 6.1 28 29 7 3 - 99 17 + 38 _ 66 1 - 64 ll l 31 27 8 3 — 23 12 + 2K - 70 2 + 61 !>.: 38 26 9 3 - 2* 9 + 8 4- 2.- 1 — 59 9.7 1" 33 10 2 3H 12 r 1! — 40 Oav. 68 9.4 4S 29 11 1 - 85 5 1' 0 3 - 64 13.2 50 32 12 2 — 29 0 + 67 - 21 2 — 60 8.5 ? ? The districts indicated by number in the first column aie the following : — Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, E. ; 3. England, N.E. j 4, England, E. ; 6, Midland Counties ; 6, England, S. Principal Gracing o/c, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. S C. England, S.W. ; 10, Ireland, N.; 11. Ireland, s. ; 12. Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of tho weather for the week ending April 12, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather was generally cloudy and unsettled during the greater part of the week, with frequent showers of cold rain, sleet, and snow. Thunder and lightning accompanied the showers in many parts of England on the 8th. By the close of the period the conditions had become drier and liner. " The temperature has been below the mean in all districts, the deficit ranging from 1° to 3° in the ' Grazing ' districts, and from 2° to 4° in ' Wheat- producing' districts. The highest of the maxima were recorded on the 0th or 7th, when they varied from 6.3° in 'England, E.,' and 61° in the 'Mid- land Counties' and 'England, N.W.,' to 54° in ' Scotland, N.,' and 53° in the ' Channel Island's. During the latter half of the week the daily maxima were nearly all less than 50°. The lowest of the minima, which were registered either on the 11th or 12th, ranged from 24° in ' Scotland, W.,' and 25° in 'Scotland, E.,' and 'England, N.E.,' to 29° in ' England, S., and ' Ireland, S.,' and to 35° in the 'Channel Isles.' "The rainfall has been more than the mean in ' Scotland, N.,' and ' England, N.W.,' and about equal to it in 'England, E.,' and 'Ireland, N.' ; in all other districts, however, the fall has been less than the normal. " Bright sunshine shows a considerable decrease on that recorded last week, but has still been fairly pre- valent in the more western parts of the kingdom. The percentage of the possible amount of duration 498 THE GARDENERS1 CHBONICLE. [April 19, 1890. from 25 in ' Scotland, N.,' and 28 in ' England, S.,' to 48 in Ireland, N.,' 50 in ' Ireland, S.,' and 54 in ' Scotland, W.' " Markets. CO VENT GARDEN, April 17. Our market has begun to show signs of decided improvement, all classes of goods being now readily cleared, and present prices firmer all round. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fbu it.— Average Wholesale Prices. i. d. t. d. ] s. d. $. d. Apples, £-9ieve ... 1 6-7 0 Melons, each ... 3 6-50 — Nova Scotia.brl.12 0-25 0 | Pine-app'es, St. Mi- Grapes, new, lb. 5 0-801 chael. each ...20-60 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 | Strawberries, lb. ... 2 0-60 Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. I. d. i. d. Asparagus, English, per HO 12 0- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Celery, per bundle ... 1 6- 2 0 Cucumbers, each ... 10-16 Endive, per dozen ... 2 0- ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- ... Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- ... Lettuces, per dozen... 1 6- ... Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- ... i. d.i.d. Mustard and Cress, punnet 0 4- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 5- ... Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turnips, per bunoh, new 0 4- ... Potatos :— Iii consequence o£ colder weather prices for Old Potatos have had a tendency to rise— an advance of 5s. to 75. 6d. per ton in many instances. Arrivals of New fairly heavy, and late prices have been maintained. J. B. Thomas. Plants rw Pots. Aralia Sieboldi, dor,. 6 Arum Lilies, per doz. 11 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — speci. plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Cineraria, per doz.... 6 Cyclamen, dozen ... 6 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dielytra, per doz. ... 9 Draceena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendishii, — ventricosa, doz. 15 Euonymus, in var., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in var., per dozen 6 Ericas, various, doz. 8 %* Bedding plants i -Average Wholesale Prices. d. s.d. , t.d. t.d. 0-18 0 : Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0 0-13 0 ! Ficus elastica. each .16-70 0-42 0 | Foliage plants, vari- 6-10 6 I oua, each 2 0-10 0 0-3 0 Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-10 0 ] Heliotrope, per doz. 6 0-90 0-18 0 Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0-90 O-U 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, p. , doz. pots 18 0 24-0 0-60 0 ' Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 J Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 — per doz 18 0-24 0 Roses, various, doz.12 0-24 0 0-18 0 — (Fairy), per doz. 8 0-10 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 ety in boxes, and also in pots. Cut Flowers, Abutilons, 12 bun. ...2 0-4 0 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Calla£ethiopica,l2bl. 3 0-50 Camellias, white, per — various, per doz. Carnations. 12 blms. Crocuses, 12 bun. ... Cyclamens., 12 blms. Daffodils, 12 bunches Eucharis, per dozen Gardenias, 12 blooms Heliotropes, 12 spr. Hyacinths (French), per bunch — (Dutch), in boxes, white, per box ... — (Dutch), in boxes, various, per box ... Lilac, white, Fr., bun. Lilium, var., 12 bl.... Lily of the Valley, doz. spray3 Average Wholesale Prices. t . d. s. d. Maiden Hair Fern, 12 bun 4 0- Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0- — French, per bun. 1 6- Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 0- Narcissus, various, doz. bun 1 6- Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 4- — dozen sprays... 0 9- Frimroses, 12 bun. ... 0 6- Primulas. double, 12 sprays 10- Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 0- — coloured, dozen. 2 0- — French, dozen ... 1 0- — red, per dozen ... 3 0- — Safrano, dozen... 1 6- Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 6- Stfphunotis, 12 spr. 4 0- Tuberoses,12 bims.... 1 6- TuHps, doz. blooms... 0 4- Violets, 12 bun ... 1 0- — French, bunch ... 1 0- — Parma, bunch ... 3 0- 2 0-40 10-20 10-20 10-20 0 4-06 3 0-60 4 0-80 2 0-40 0 6-10 2 0-40 16-30 4 0-60 2 0-60 0 6-10 Orchid-bloom riety. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending April 12 : — Wheat, 29s. dd. ; Barley, 29s. 9d. ; Oats, 18s. (id. For the corresponding period in 1889 :— Wheat, 29s. lid.; Barley, 25s. 2d. ; Oats, 17*. 8d. SEEDS. London : April 16. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, write that a steady sowing demand now prevails for farm seeds. Red Cloverseed is cheap and abundant. Trefoil aud White are also very moderate in price. Choice Alsike is scarce. Perennial and Italian Ryegrass sell freely on former terms. Low rates are quoted for French Sanfoin. Lucerne is un- changed. For Mustard and Rapeseed the tendency is upwards. Blue Pea6 meet an improved sale. Re- markably low quotations are current for Canaryseed. There is no alteration in Hempseed. FBXTIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : April 16. — Good supplies of fresh vegetables. Moderate supply of fruit. Large quan- tity of Potatos at market. Demand very slow at bad prices. Fair demand for fresh vegetables and fruit. Prices : — English Apples, 4s. to 8s. per bushel ; American Apples, 15s. Gd. to 24s. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per dozen bundles ; natural ditto, Is. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Cabbages, 6s. to 8s. per tally ; Spinach, 2s. to 3s. per bushel ; Turnip- tops, Is. to Is. Gd. per sack ; Swede-tops, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is 9d. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Cauliflowers, Is. Gd. to 3s. per dozen ; Seakale, Is. 3d. to Is. 9<2. per punnet ; Curly Kale, id. to 8d. per bushel ; Greens, 3s. to 6s. per dozen bunches ; Tur- nips, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Spring Onions, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Parsley, 2s. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Horseradish, Is. to Is. id. per bundle ; Parsnips, id,, to Gd. per score ; Beetroots, id. to 8d. per dozen ; Endive, Is. 3d. to Is. \)d. do. ; Cos Lettuce, Is. Gd. to 3s. do. ; Cabbage do., Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard aud Cress, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen baskets ; English Onions, 14s. to 15s. per cwt. ; Bordeaux do., 9s. Gd. to lis. per case ; Belgian do., 9s. to 10s. per bag of 110 lb. ; Dutch do., 9s. Gd. to lis. do. ; Carrots, 10s. to 24s. per ton. Potatos : Magnums, 30s. to 50s. per ton ; Regents, 60s. to 70s. ; Champions, 40s. to 45s. ; Im- perators, 40. to 70s. ; Beauty of Hebrons, 30s. to 45s. Notices to Correspondents. „* Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications as EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. Agaricus : H. G. S. The appearance is due to the outgrowth of a second fungus from the top of the first, in an inverted position. Such deformities are very common, but it is difficult to give any satisfactory explanation. Several similar cases have been figured in our columns from time to time. Books : X. Garten Bitch fur Jedcrman {Garden Manual jor Everyone) is published by Parey, Berlin, price 6 mk. Bordeaux Mixture : X. Six pounds of copper sul- phate, 4 lb. of lime, 50 gallons of water. Use with a spray-pump. Celeriac : M. B. In its early stages the cultivation of the plant is identical with that of blanched Celery. It is almost too late to have fine roots from seed sown at this date. When they are 6 inches high, plant them at 15 inches apart on well enriched flat beds 4 or 5 lines on a bed ; water in dry weather, keep clean with the hoe, and in August or September pull off' a few of the lower leaves, to let in the sun. They grow better in beds than in lines, the foliage shading the land and preserving its moisture better. Manure-water is a great help in producing big roots, but big roots, it must be remembered, are often hollow or cracked. Earth over on the approach of winter, or store in an open shed. In no case remove the heart-leaves, or the roots will decay. Corrections. — In the list of Orchids exhibited by F. Wigan, Esq., at the meeting of the Royal Horti- cultural Society, April 8, Cypripedium Swanianum was printed " suavissimum ;" and in the list of medals awarded, " F. Wilson " instead of F. Wigan. — The following errors occurred in the official list of medals supplied to us: — Messrs. J. James & Sons, Silver-gilt Banksian Medal, instead of Silver Banksian ; and Messrs. Paul & Son, Silver-gilt Banksian, instead of Silver Banksian. Gentianella : F. W. B. The plant needs a moist situation in rather heavy soil, rendered porous by the addition of coarse sand and broken limestone. Full sun will do good, but a dry site is harmful. A few porous stones should be placed round the plant to assist in retaining moisture about it. Fenugreek: Sharpe tf- Co. This belongs to rather an extensive genus of herbaceous leguminous plants inhabiting tropical and subtropical countries. Its seeds are much used in flavouring cattle foods and condiments, and in disguising the flavour of bad hay. The English climate is unsuitable to it. Fungus : E. A., Stanstead. Polyporus adustus. Grapes, Buckland's Sweetwater and Foster's Seedling : S. W. Neither wants much heat ; the former may be planted at the part of your house which is the warmer, but the fruit must be eaten as soon as ripe, as it spoils rapidly. The latter will ripen perfectly in a cool house. Why not try a Frontignan or a Muscat of Alexandria at the warmer part of the vinery ? Lawn-mower : W. B. We have no practical expe- rience of the machine that you name. Lily of the Valley: H. B. The flowers are of poor quality, the produce perhaps of roots that were a long time out of the ground before being potted, or that were ill-grown. "Maggots": C. B. Your so-called maggots are worms, not likely to be injurious ; probably they were introduced with the manure. Melons : J. S. The plants may have suffered from insufficient ventilation during bursts of sunshine, or from noxious fumes from tar, sulphur, and the heating apparatus. You should give details of management. There is no apparent disease present. Mustard and Cress for Market : A. O. The old Mushroom beds you mention will not do ; but the materials, if well mixed together, and then run through a screen or a coarse sieve, with some garden soil added in sufficient quantity to render it capable of retaining water without having need to apply water frequently whilst the crop is grow- ing, would make the beds. These may be made in a vinery, or other forcing-house (at work), or in frames. Make the beds about 2 feet deep at the back, and slope the surface towards the sun, taking care that the incline is not so sharp that water would run off when applied to it. Sow on the surface, and do not cover the seeds, but beat them into the soil lightly with the spade, and cover with mats until germination begins — not a moment longer. The surface should be renewed after each crop is removed. Names of Fruit : Otley. Impossible to recognise the specimens of Apple now. Send when at their best. Names of Plants: F. H. C. 1, Kerria japonica; 2, Primula capitata ; 3, Retinospora plumosa aurea of gardens ; 4, Thuya (Thuiopsis) dolabrata ; 5, Picea excelsa var. clanbrassiliana ; 6, Elseagnus pungens. — 5. W. Ribes coccinea. — J.B. 1, Fcr- sythia viridissima ; 2, Spiraea prunifolia, double flowered var.; 3, the Judas Tree (Cereis Sili- quastrum). — W. H. D. 2, Tecoma capensis. — H. May. ^Erides crispum ;. Lycaste costata. — C. L. C. Epidendrum atropurpureum. — Neve Bros., A. W., and P. B. Davidson. Next week. Seakale : T. Houchin. It is now late to prepare sets from the thongs of the roots — one of the best ways of getting up a stock of forcing-roots. The work should be done in December or January, and consists of cutting the small roots into pieces of 5 inches in length ; the lower cut being aslant, and the upper square across, so as to tell the planter which is the sprouting end of the set. These sets are put into boxes of light soil, in a cool place, and when growth commences, planted in lines 2 feet apart, and 1 foot from set to set. Seed may be sown at once, and if it be good seed, fine plants may be got in one season, but the crowns must be reduced to one. Sow in drills as for sets, or sow in boxes in a cool frame, which is better, and transplant. Tomatos : A. M. Probably ; but the specimen was smashed. Please send another, well packed. Volumes of " Gardeners' Chronicle " from 1844 : Thos. Taylor. You should advertise them in our columns. Communications Received.— Professor Willmack. Berlin.— W. B— B. B.— P. C— C. W.— A. G. C— ft. B.—W. H. D. (next week).— U. D.— .T. J. W.— P. L. S.— K. A. K.— W. D. — W. H. Robbins.— W. S. — C. H. — F. It. — W. C. — Mervweuther &Sons.— W. C— E W. B.— J. A.— J. 0. S.— C. vinT.— C. tk-B.— J. A.— K. D. B.-J. R. J.— J. H.— A. C. — B. O.— H. M, W. — W, V— I. L— G. H.— P. W.— Apbil 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 499 TRY THE NEW "TENNIS" LAWN MOWER. A beautifully designed, well constructed, and almost noise- less Machine. Durable, easy to work, and eminently suitable for the Tennis Ground, and also for Ornamental Gardening. Gearing is encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are unbreakable. FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd., Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria." "Climax," " Manchester," and Koval Anglo-Amencm Lawn Mowers. 75,000 sold since 1H(59. Price IiSTS on application. GORTON, MANCHESTER. fg" To be obtained from all respectable IronmRTRA ITS. S*.; three for 3». O Twelve Carte 1'ortrnit*, 2J. 2t out iu all weathers ; cent any width, Carriage paid on all 01 Lflri over 6*. Can be aent nn approval. Commoner Netting at 60 rum arts for 1*. Hundreds of teetim als. GEO. ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, RYE, SUSSEX. Established 200 years. SHANKS'Sr^LAWN MOWER THE ORIGINAL LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE-EDGED SOLE PLATE, Enabling the Cutting Parts to last twice as long as in other Machines. These Machines are strong and substantial, and very easily worked. They make the Lawn like velvet, and lire not liable to get out of order. ILLUSTRATED Circulahs, with full par- ticulars o! Machines (from 25s.), for Hand, Pony, and Horse- power, sent free on application. NEW LIGHT MACHINE, WILL MOW VERGES ROUND FLOWER BEDS, &c. veiiy Kis-i ro WOBK. ind Particulars on application. GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. ALEX. SHANKS & SON, Dens Ironworks, Arbroath, And 110, Cannon Street, London, E C. I I Li re Stock of .ill sir i ol \i u h alwa) - ki pi in London, where Repairs are also executed by ■ ■ workmen. , ;s fur Repairs : 5, Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. Vi tor I REGISTERED < GREENHOUSES, " SKYLIGHTS, WINDOWS Lasts the wholo season. Soli o. Pa Willi Direcl for 1 e, price is. each. 1 lb., rree byParcel Post, i u. 2 lb . frei bj Pai e! Pa t, Hi, B. S. WILLIAMS & SON, ii and Paradi i Nui eriea, Upper Holloway, London, N. EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, \%A, \ .ir.i ; i \ trdswide, 3d yard . or 3 yards wide. M :\\ I U IM. NETTING, 1 Mini wide, 2d. yard; 3 yards wide. Id. yard; t yard) wide, 3d. yard- 13 yards wide, 3>. yard. COTTON nkt, nine meshes to square inoh, I.; yards wide, Ii. yard run. W, OULLINUHiRI), 127.1 . I i i :,..,( . i , . . . ii;:, i. , London, I I . ': ]■■„■■■: . atfTHRACITE ? COAL x The Best and CheapeBt Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. TJENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE J"L SMOKELESS COAL.— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIEKIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the rn/.e of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to uny railway station. This eoal i-i absolutely smokeless, and it requires urn- h 1 -.■* itttent ion than auy other denrription of fuel, hum ins; for twelve hours at least without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat than coke. Quota tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, :■:;, Lime Street, London, E.C. Quote.1 i !"r London delivery can be obtained Pot the Northern. Western, and South Western dietriote, from Messrs. (i, R i \i:n-.i: ami SON. Coal Exchange, E.O. : and Eor the Bouth-Eastern district, frdm Messrs. W. DOWELL and CO., Coal Merchants, Greenwich, S.E. 500 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 10, 1890. HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all Loudon Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing ; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. „„„,•,. Price Is. M. per gallon at the manufactory, or carnage-paid to any railway station, \s. id. per gallon in casks of 36, 18, or _ .,_ Every Cask bears the above ff A TT yj Q _^V#_ Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMITH, Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley : 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; 47, Dawson Street, Dublin. immITpaul, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, NORWICH. No. 74.— THREE- aXTARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all Frames that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. They are 13 inches high at front, 24 inches high at back, and 32 inches at the ridge bolted at the corners, easily taken to pieces if required. The Lights are -' inches thick, titled with set-opes, andarranged to turn over, back and front, for ventilation. They are I, lazed with 21-OZ. English sheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. 2 „ 8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ ,, 24 „ by 6 „ CARRIAGE paid to any Wales, to Dublin. Cork, Glasi equivalent. , SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticult Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced work any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including tllfl- SKKVATORIK*. GREENHOUSES. FRAMES, BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, WIRE NETTING, &c. /£2 15 0 Cash 4 7 6 Prices, J 6 0 0 Carriage I 7 12 6 9 5 0 " U0 17 6 s station in England and and Edinburgh, or stations Paid. RANSOMES' At the Jubilee Meeting of theR.A.S.E., Windsor, HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN and H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of PRUSSIA each pur- ' iRansomes' Lawn Mower. sent on a Month's Trial, Carriage Paid. LAWN MOWERS, The Best In the World. In all sizes to suit every requirement. ' NEW AUTOMATON." the Best Gear Mach: • CHAIN AUTOMATON,' • NEW PARIS," • EDGE CUTTER," ' BANK CUTTER, the Best Chain Mach the Best Small Machi the only one of real the Best for Cutting Slopes. THE BEST PONY and HORSE - POWER MOWERS Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFTERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. | FRIGI DOMO CANVAS. PROTECT YOUR PLANTS AND CLASS From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect non-conductor of heat, keeping, wherever it is applied, an even temperature. Made from Prepared Hair and Wool. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, or Benjn. Edgington, London Bridge, s.e. Note.— The words "FRIOI DOMO" are registered under the Trade Marks Act, and any unauthorised persons using this Mark will be proceeded against. CONWAY C. WARNE , Successor to \ (John Matthews/' The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. PRICE LISTS FREE. HELLIWELL'S PATEN T IMPERISHABLE CLAZINC WITHOUT PUTTY, FUR GREENHOUSES and all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. YARDS, RAILWAY- STATIONS, and every description of ROOF COVERING. Saves all Painting and Puttying and Breakage, and is absolutely Watertight and Free from Drip. No more expensive at first cost. All Houses can be taken to pieces and re-erected. References given to works in all parts of the country of many years' standing. Designs and Estimates Free, and Measurements taken Free of Cost. 21-OZ. and 15-0Z. Foreign, of above sizes, in bo and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE EARMILOE & SONS, Lead. Glass, On,, and Colour Merchants, 34, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, B.C. Stock List* and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. ASKETS, TRELLIS. Conservatories fitted up with Trellis, Flower Stands, Baskets, &c. Maker of the Waddes don Plan tTruck — one of the most useful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire Fencing, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaries and PheaBantries Plain or Ornamentally con- structed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. ROCKERY.— A large quantity of handsome Brick Burs for Sale cheap, for Rustic Rockery. Fernery, &c— Apply to H. I. COOPER, Bedford Brick Works, Southneld Road, Turnham Green, W. i Castle. January 5, 1890. ' a of the houses which you Testimonials. "Shirbu " Sir.— As you requested my op.u.u, erected for me some 4 years ago, I beg to inform you that I con- sider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to manyof my neighbours. —Yours truly (signed) MacCLESFIELP." " Hornby Castle. Lancaster, February, 1890. "Major FOSTER has mach pleasure in stating that the vineries and forcing houses which were erected by Mr. Helh- well in 1884. continue to give perfect satisfaction, both to him- self and his gardener." " Estate Office. Ripley, Yorkshire, January 23, 1890. " Sir Henry INGILBY has much pleasure in stating that the glazing work executed by you, under your patented system, at the Ripley Castle Gardens," has been in every respect entirely satisfactory. The work has stood its 8 \ ears' wear and tear ex- tremely we'll, and has hitherto cost nothing to keep it in repair. HELLIWELL, 9, Victoria Street, Westminster. "ALPHA" rOr — ■, \ 'v^ PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALL1DAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England 1 -light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage Wight frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. 1 «** 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. ] CaseB 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FREE. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton. Manchester 2 0 3 2 4 15 8 10 London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton. Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway Road, N. April 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 501 a NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. HAS AN OPEN STEEL ROLLER. 2-t-inch machine with- out assistance. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do fine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. There is no easier working, no better finished, no stronger, no more durable mower in the market. To be obtained through all the leading Ironmon- gers and Seedsmen, or from the Sole Licensees, cuts 24- SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, EC. BOULTON & PAUL, MANUFACTURERS, NORWICH. WIRE FRUIT TRAINERS. CASH PRICES. FOR PEARS. APPLES. Sec, 5 feet high, with eight line* of Galvanised Wire, Id. per yard. Terminal Posts, with Raidisseurs. 12s. id. each. FOR RASPBERRIES or GHOSKHERRIES. 4 feet high, four lines of win-. id, per yard. Terminal Posts with Raidisseurs. 8*. id. ■ CONTINUOUS WROUGHT I Hon ESPALIER. B feet high, eight wrought bare, 1 inch diameter, 4s. per yard. COVERED WAY ESPALIER. 8 feet high. 5 feet span, 9f. id. per yard. WALL FiTTINGS, Raidisseurs. one for each wire, 3s. per dozen. Holdfasts, two for each win-. St. per dozen. Guiding Eyes, spaced 10 feet apart, bd. per dozen. Galvanised Wire. 2*. per 100 yards. PEA TRAINERS, Instead of Pea stick.. 3 feet high. It. M. eai h ; 4 feet high, Is. id. each : 6 feet logh. Si id. each. IRON GARDEN STAKES Japanned Green, 3 feet high. 1<. .'II. per dozen ; .'1 feet 6 Inches blgl per dozen; 4 feet high, 6». 3d. per dozen; & feet high, 7s. 3ff. per dozen. STRAWBERRY GUARDS. 18 inches wide. In ii feel lengths, 3*. 84. each : ends, 3d. each. PEA OR SEED GUARDS, ,'u. per dozen. GARDEN AKCMES. 7 feet high, 4 feet span, 8s. M. each. Carriage paid on all orders above 40s. value. Horticultural Builders and Garden Implement Manufacturers. Catalogues free on application. BOULTON & PAUL, NORWICH. ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the U>rt fuel for Horticultu purposes. For lowest quotations apply — tin rf,)-,U P,i,i,l ir',.,,.'^ STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Usta to the LONOFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY. Ltd WARRINGTON. TRYLEETE'S I ON IRON/WOOD* STONE ALLCOLORSCASHi A;LEETEo\C';pAlNTWORKS,l2gt.ONPPNfflaE THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 4 Lines 5 „ 6 „ 7 „ 8 „ 9 ii !0 „ 11 » 12 „ 13 „ 14 „ Scale of Charges for Advertising1 Head Line charged as two. 0 15 Lines £0 3 0 3 8 0 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 £0 8 6 0 9 0 0 9 6 0 10 0 0 10 6 0 11 0 0 11 6 0 12 0 0 12 6 0 13 0 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be I If set across three Columns the lowest charge will 1 Page. £8; Half Page, £4 10s. ; Column. £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address. Ii. id., and id. for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.— Advertisers are aadiotud against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and Marriages, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements /or the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United KofODOX: 12 Months, 15s.; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. FOBSIOK (excepting I.,; i and China), including Postage, 17B. 6d- for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 64 Poet-office Orders to be made payable at the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANK. W.C . to W. Richards. Publishing Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.C. L REEVE & Co.'s New Works. Now Beady, Pari \ w . < . also Vol V FLOE . o. BRJ I [SB [NDIA. By Sir .1. D. EOOKKE, K I S., &c; assisted bv various Botanist*. Paris I. to XIII., 10s. 6d. each ; XIV. an.i'xv 9i els. I. to IV.. doth, 32s. each. Published under the authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council. T1IH NARCISSUS: its History and Culture. Hy I ■ '.. ■ I I . s.; »nh ii Scientific Renew Of the entire Genus, by J. G. HiKl.lt. K.H.S , I- IS. With 18 beautifu , lyal Bvo, 'Ms. "Mr. Ba died from various sources a large amount of valuable - information. ... It is ao slight boon to have in so accessible a form so large a illustrations." — Gardeners' Chronicle. Mo. 511. A] THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE. Figures and Dt tawandBare Plan! i, By sir J n Hooker. His, &c. Hurl Serii v*ol I ts i .1 , es 42s. Published monthly, with 6 plates, 3s. id. colour, I a nnua] s, jcriptioo, 434 FLORAL PLATES from the FLORAL HAG i.'IM: Beautifully coloured, lor Si re, ,, books, Studies In Flowering-] tinting, fice. id. an.! Lists of over Iocs) van. ties, I Ine .Stamp. BOTANICAL l'l.ATKS from the BOTAN- ICAL MAGAZINE. Beautilully-ooloured Figures of new and rare Plants, ad. and is. each. Lists of neai Three Stamps. L. REEVE AND CO., 6, Henrietta Street, Corent Garden. Books on Gardening. This daj Is Published, Tenth Edition, revised. A PRACTICAL TREATISE on the CULTI- i~V VATTON of the GRAPE-VINE. By WILLIAM THOM- Bl IN. Tweed Vineyard. 8vo. .as. "A thoroughly practical and ure guide to the cultivation of the viat."— Jownjlo/ J/orticu ture. HAXHY BOOK of the FLOWER GARDEN j being Practical Dlrec - for the Propagation, Cul- ture, and Arrangement of Plants in Flower Gardens all the year round. Bmbracin; ,11 , ■] i of Gardens, with engraved Plans. Hy DAVID THOMSON, Hardener lo his Grace the iiiiccleueh, K.G., at Drnmlanrig. Fourth and Cheaper Edition, crown 8vo, 5s. " Will enable the non-professional floriculturist to grow plants as well as any gardener." — Gardeners' Chronicle. HANDY ROOK of FRUIT CULTURE UNDER GLASS. By the same Author. New Edition. Enlarged, With numerous illustrations, Crown Svo, 7f. 64, ■' No work of the kind ol which we have any knowledge is at all to be compered wiili tins."- — Scotsman, WILLIAM BLACKWOOD ani. SUNS, Edinburgh and London. "TANNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit A trees, Flower-beds, &c, from frost and" blight ; 35 square yards for Is, ; sent any width on approval. Carriage paid on all orders over 6s.— H. J. UASSO.N, Fish Merchant, Kye, Sussex T Death and Disablement by Accident. HE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings. W.C. Head Office :— 134, Comhill, London, E.C. WILLIAM J. VIAN. Secretary. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL-COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. THE GARDENERS' AGENCY. -Gardeners A are offered the AGENCY for our CEYLON TEAS amone; private families. Our celebrated 2s. specialite (supplied to agents, Is. id. in bulk; Is. i^d. in packets, carriage paid) enables anyone selling it to add 40s. weekly to income. Samples free.— UNITED TEA GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. Union Court. London, E.C. — Name Gardeners' Chronicle. OUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. WANTED, a WORKING GARDENER, near Bamsgate. Harried man preferred, who coul I temporarily take charge of a Horse if required, and make him- self generally useful. Hood character indispensable. Hou*e ol Lodge to live in, Write, Btating wages wanted, to I "II I.E. Truro Lodge. Eulluim, S.W. ANTED, a SECOND GARDENER, prin- cipally in the Houses. Must have a thorough general knowledge >,f Plant Growing, .Vc. and be well up in the routine of Gardening. Steady, and of good character. Apply, giving full particulars, O.. Gordon Lodge, Leigh Woods, Clifton, Bristol. WANTED, a thorough experienced WORK- ING FOREMAN, by Market Growers. One well up In Growing all kinds of Flowers, Tomatos, Cucumbers, Vege Ab'e to make Wreaths, Bouquets, Sec— Apply, with references, and states*] iry teqnired, to Mr. tkemellin, Owmbran Aberoarn Co., Newport, Ubn. WA N T B 1 », an experienced Sof t-wooded PROPAGATOR and GROWER, or GROWER for n Mnrkel Nursery in Lancashire, whereagood Cut Flower Trade 31 iti , rperience, age, and wages expected, to N. w , Gardeners' CAramcle Office, H.WellingtonStreet, Strand, W.C. WANTED," a Soft-wooded PROPAGATOR, f,,r Market Nuraery. Q I reference required as to ability and conduct.— E. WEATHEKILL, Woodside Nursery, North Find, Icy. 1717 ANTED, married Man, as OlVoWKit in »' Market Nurserj VAUX andOO., Tredegar Nursery, Baal Dulwlch Road, Peckhnm Rye, S.E. WANTKH, as JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, ■ active young Man. Wages, 14s, per week. wnii Isethy, &.C.— J. MoFARLANE, Norman Court, Dean, WANTED, active, young MAN, for Outside Department of Nursery In Scotland, Musi I icpe , Budding and Grafting, and have o I wledge of l,i-i ,. well as Ornamental Trees. Al~o one for Inside Department, -Apply, giving references and Wages expected, to NURSERYMAN, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. ANTED, TWO young MEN for the Houses, one for Palms, and the other for Carnal ions, Bouvardias, Sec— Apply with particulars to JOHN STANDISH AND CO., AsCOt. WANTED, a young MAN, for the Grape and Tomato Houses, Musi be able to Thin Grapes well. Permanent situation to a suitable man. — suite age, ex pen, nee, and wages expected, to W. G. HAZELL, F.K.H.S., Nurseryman and Fruit Grower, The Rosery, Mill Road, West Worthing. WANTED, an active young MAN, for Market Nursery. Wages, 18s._ C. RADEORD, Elling- ham Nursery. Lee, Kent, S.E. WANTED, a strong, active LAD, about 17, to Work in the Houses. Wages 10s. per week, bothy and vegetables Must have had Home previous knowledge ol the work.— J. HOWARD, lienham Gardens, Ne«l,iiry, Berk . WANTED, a young MAN, used to Bou- vardias, Kerns, &c. ; quick lit Potting and Tying State age and experience to X.. Gardeners' Chronicli Office 41, Wellington Street, Strand, \\ r. WANTED, an active young MAN, to Assist In Cucumber and Tomato Houses. Used toPoti Watering, Tying. Wages, 18s. to 21«.— W. FANNING, Mr. Pocock's, .Market Gardens, Eust Sheen, Murlluke. 502 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apeil 19, 1890. TMPROVER WANTED, chiefly for Houses, A age 18 to 20. Wages 13s. and bothy.- W. BUGBi, Ditcham Park. Petersfield, Hants. TMPROVERS. ^OPENINGS for several A YOUTHS, with excellent future prospects.— J. C. N ELS< >N , Cambridge Nurseries, East. London, South Africa. ANTED, IMPROVER ; one who has been in Market Nursery. Well up in Ferns and Pnlins.- STROUD BKOS., 183. Green Lanes, Finshury Park, N. "\"\7ANTED, a young MAN, accustomed to VV Making Wreaths, Crosses, Bouquets, &c. : must be auick and have good taste. State age. experience and wages ?equire7. - Z., GYmtow.*' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.<\ _ .. Day Book and Invoice Clerk. WT ANTED, a young MAN, with good Oitice VV experience in"a large Seed Establishment. Midland Counties. Must write quickly and a good bold clear hand - Annlv statin" a-'r, where last employed, and wages required, CLERK, Gardeners' Chronicle nd.ee, 41, Wellington street, Strand, W,C. WANTED, IMMEDIATELY, a MAN who thoroughly understands the Packing of Cut Flowers for Travelling No one who cannot produce undeniable reter- enres both as"to character and ability need apply.—A.ldre-s by letter, to B. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, an intelligent LAD or LASS for the Desk, and to Assist in Shop (Fruit. Flowers and Seeds); good Handwriting. Quick and Correct at l.gures, and first-rate reference. indispensable Ilea thy seaside town. Wages progressive.— SEASIDE, GrtrrfCTiers' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANT PLACES. pn VTA L ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and P0Othei-ltticry important ,n "^tingby PostiilOrde^ that it should be filled in payable at A. 42, "hi H) LANE, to W. BrCHABDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is knoicn, and it has been made payable a, « particular office, and to a particular person it is ifpossAU to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ gf Smitting is by POS T- OFFICE MOSEY ORDER. WE HAVE ESTABLISHED a Complete p,,r..nu of Registry and Information for furnishing perienfed a^d rele.Me .iAKl.KNKKS. KAlSMkRS. st'l'F.K- INrENDENTS, COACHMEN, and similar ass.stants.-Call at "JOSEPH BEECK AND SONS, 51. 53, and 53. North Market Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. . BS WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate . that they have at present in their Nursery "»J »l'™ their Register some excellent Men, competent t -it her to till e situation nf HEAD GUUIENER. ItAlLIrr, HIREMA . or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of ,he above will plea-- - 1 full particulars, when the best seleetions for the different capacities will be made.-l ictoria and Parailise Nurseries. Upper Holloway. N. TTi^leniinanYGentleinen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. TAMES CARTER and CO. have at all J I'TwhSm .i::'p .s ;«e2 ee«E£: S5£ *£*" WZIhI* 239. Sigh Holborn, W.C. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter ami ability will bear the strictest investigation.- m^noyyNIKSee.lsman. 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh. Gardeners. Foresters, Land Stewards. RB LAIRD and SONS can recommend with . every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qual.lte.1 as GARDENF US F. >RUS I'ERS, or LAND STEWARDS either for f4eors, ill establishments, and will be please, to furnish full parnciTlar" on , i^rt^-i^Fre^k Street, Ed.nbnrgh. TTEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time Hi can recommend several highly respectable MEN of known ability and first-class character. I have also several YOUNG MEN requiring Situation ... >""^"^^^g Gardeners please apply for part.culars.-THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. RICHARD SMITH and CO. bee to announce that they are constantly receiving application from Gardeners seeking situations and that Xy w 1 be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars. &c.-St. John's Nurseries, Worcester^ GARDENER (Head) ; age 30.— Mr. Lo\\ry, Head Gardener to Sir Humphrey-de Trafford. Bart., Trafford Park, Manchester, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, James Adstead, as above. Highest references. GARDENER (Head); age 33, married.— G. BURT Esq., J. P.. Purbeck House, Swanage, will be nleased to recommend his late Gardener to anyone in want ot a thorough practical man.-CALLAGHAN, 21, Titchborne Street, Edgware Road, W. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30— Advertiser. is now at liberty to treat with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly good practical man. First-class referenees.-L. Q., Gardeners- Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married, no family ; understands Orchids. Stove and Greenhouse Plants.Vinei. Peaches. Cucumbers, Melons, Flower and kit. hen Gardens. Steady man. Unexceptional character.- G. >., 1, Hartfield Crescent, Wimbledon. A.BDENER (Head) ; age 33, married.— £5 will be paid to anyone procuring Advertiser a good situation, where not less than three are kept. Thoroughly practical in all branches. Excellent testimonials.— 0., 4. Hindman'sRoad, East Dulwich, London. C> ARDENER (Head), where three or more X are kept.-Age 33, married, no family; late Gardener to the Lady Alice F.wing; eight and a half years ,n previous situation. Eighteen years' experience. — JOSEPH MAD DOCKS, Church" Street, Malpas. Cheshire. ARDENER (Head).— Wm. Reeves, for the last seventeen years Head Gardener to the late Mrs. Head, of Finchley, is now open to treat with any . Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man. Land and Stock if requ. red. -Address, Grass Farm, Finchley, N. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle- man- age 36, married.— Mr. Cakebread, Rayners Penn Bucks en, re ommend a man as above. Five and a half 3 character from his last employer. Thoroughly practical in every branch of his profession. GARDENER (Head), where two or more are kept— Age 30; total abstainer. Can undertake the Management of Repairs; understands I'aint.ng G'u/mg, Building &c, and has a good knowledge of his profession. First-class references from present and previous employers.- E. WOODS, Great Brickhill. Bletehley. GARDENEH (Head), where one or more are kept — Middle-aged ; thoroughly understands all branches^ Gardening ; also Land and Stock. F'™tcla» character of long standing. Wife no objection > >>■'";»- Small Dairy and look after Poultry.-M. J., 48, Disraeli Road, Putney, Surrey. ^ ARDENER (Head), where three or four are keot ■ age 29 single at present.-Mr. C. Gibson Morden Park^GanlenV/near Mitcham, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (G. Cook) as above. He has been here" "e and a half years' and is a reliable and industrious Gardeners, Foresters, and Farm Bailiffs. T ITTLE and BALLANTYNE, The Queens JL Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Carlisle, invite correspondence such as they would be glad to recommen.i. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters, &c. DICKSON S, Royal Nurseries Chester, (Limited) are always in a position to KlbUM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All part iculars on app hcation Telegraphic and Postal Address-" PICK-SONS, Chester. GARDENER (Head).— C. Warden, Gar- dener to Sir F. H. Bathurst, Bart., Clarendon Park, will be nleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Rayner. to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good Gardener. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.-Age 39. married, one son (age 14) ; seven years in last situation. Excellent character. Country preferred.-A. D„ Mr. Romary, 107, High Street, Bromley, Kent. GARDENER (Head Working), where three or more are kept.-Mr. CARLTON. Gardener to the Right Hon. Lord Hillingdon, Wildemesse, Sevenoaks, can with confidence recommend a Gardener as above.— Address as above. GARDEN Ell (Head) ; age 28, married when suited -J. WILLARD, Gardener to the Baroness Burdett Coutts, can with coiifi.lei.ee recommend his Foreman, \\ -R»wc as above Good practical experience in al branches ine.u ling or. bids ti I test liiionials from past, -mployers.-W . KoV\ E. Holly Lodge Gardens. Highgate, London. N. 0 ARDENER (Head); age 32, married, no IjT famih.-Mr. J. S. Moss wishes to recommend his Head Gardener to" any Lady or Gentleman, who or the last five GARDENER (Head); age 30.— J. G. Oimn, Esq., Shabden. Merstham Surrey, «dd experience.-Address as above, or A. STOTE, Pikes Hill, Lyndhurst, Hants. ^____ GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 35, mnrried two children; thorough practical experience in all branXs Good ret 'rences.-J. BiT. 40. Coleridge Buildings, Archway Road, Highgale, London, N. GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one daughter (age 14); sixteen years in present place. Good character. Leaving through gentleman giving up.- JAMES TTCKELL, Mells Rectory, From.;. GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30; lite exnerience Nine years' Foreman in first class places.-! B ?Mr Richardson, Stationer. Brasted, Sevenoaks, Kent. • n ARDENER (Head Working), where one IT „, ♦„.„ ire kent — Aee 36. married, one child (age 7). V_J ortwoarek.pt. a^ -, references.— T. Thoroughly experienced in all pr»ncn"' "™ H„ 8, Merchland Road, New EltJ^anQtent- n ARDENETlH^AD_WoI^).--Married, (jT no family; thoroughly practical,, idT branc-he. Sue- cessful in Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables. Mx years p . rs on a character. Last place, gentleman in London.-T. R., b. East Park Cottages, Crawley, Sussex. GARDENER (Head Working), age 27.— to any Lady or Gentleman requincg a thorough practical ana reliable man. Gl ARDENER (Head Working), where two r or three are kept.— Married, no family ; understands all branches. Excellent testimonials from einployersof eight and five years respectively— H. NEW, Invicta Road, Stone, Kent^ GARDENER (Head Working).— Age 27 ; thirteen years' practical experience in all Early and Late Forcing of Fruits, Orchids. Stove and Greenhouse plants, &c. Flower and Kitchen Garden. Highest references.— W.S., 55, Priory Road, South Park, Reigate. Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working) ; age 34, married.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his late Head Working Gardener, who has left through establishment being broken up. Three years' character. Eighteen years' experience in all branches of Horticulture. -B. STRANGE, Wote Street, Basingstoke. GARDENER (Head Working); age 32, married.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener, who has been with him six years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man. Eighteen years' experience in all branches.— J. C, 2, Weston Cottages. Pembroke Road, New Southgate, N. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or three are lrept.— Age 35 ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Good character. Leaving present situation through reduction of establishment.— Apply, by letter, to W. G., J. E. Barnes, The Great Eastern Seed stores. No. 9, Exchange Street. i.li. G GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 33, married, one child; under- stands Vines. Peaches, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse J'lants, and Gardens. Seventeen years' practical experience, Head four years in last place. Scotca. Excellent testimonials. ALLAN. Cranford, Kettering, Northanta. ARDENER (Head Working); age 28. C. J. Waite, Glenhurst Gardens. Esher, will be pleased to very highly recommend his present Foreman. T. Lucas, w ho has been with him three years, also three years Foreman at Mereworth Castle, Maidstone, and several years at Longford Castle, Salisbury, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical aud reliable man. ARDENER (Head), ot ORCHID GROWER, First .1 ss —Very 9 iccessful Grower. Long rience. Excellent character.— G.. Mr. H. G. Smyth, 21,' Goldsmith Street, Drury Lane, W.C. GAUDENER (Head), where two or three are kept, or good Sinuli hanped ; age 23, married.— 1' W Rl --111.. Gardener to E. T. Doxat, Esq., Woo.lgrcen Park. Cheslnint, would be pleased to recommend to any Lady or Gentleman a thoroughly reliable young man in the above capacity. Two years in present and three in previous stua- tions,— For full particulars please address as above. ^ GARDENER (Head), or good Single- handed —Well-up in all branches. Good character and references.— A. M-, 10, Park Villas, Richmond, Surrey, West. ARDENER, ot GARDENER and BAILIFF.— The Liverpool Horticulturil Co. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool, wish to recommend a first-class man in the above capacity. Unexceptional references. Full part.culars on application to the Company. GARDENER.— Thorough knowledge in all branches, including Vines, Peaches, Orchids. Stove and Greenhouse Plants. First-class references.— Mr. HENR\ MIDDLEHURST, Seed Merchant, 11, Manchester Street, Liverpool. GARDENER, Inside and Out, where four or five are kept, or Simile-handed ; age 23.— Mr. Butts, Head Gardener, Leigham Court, Streatham Hill, wishes to recommend a young man as above. Has been with him three year3._A. BRIDGES, 319, Lyham Road, Brixton Hill, S.W. GARDENER, where one or two are kept, or good SINBLE-HANDED.-Age 27, married, one child ; three and a half years' good character.— P., Mrs. Hattatt. Church Street, Esher. GARDENER, under a Foreman, in the Houses or SECOND, where three or four are kept.e-Age 27, single. Seven years in last place.— W. H., Paytons Cottages, Nuffield, Surrey. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Young ; would make himself generally useful. Good character. —GEO. SMITH, The Plain, WhitesbUI, Stroud. GARDENER (Single-handed), or Under.— Age 23; had several years' experience. Good character. — T. G., Downe Hall. Down, Farnborongh, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where two or three are kept— Young, single, active ; ten years' experience. London or Suburbs preferred. —J. W., 12, Wigan s Cottages, Mortlake, S.W. GARDENER (Second), under Glass.— Age ■>1 ■ three years' goot character from last place. Total abstainer.— A. N„ Mr. Treble, Hoddesdon, Herts, Aphil 19, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 503 GARDENER (Second), where three or four are kept.— Age 2b, single; Inside, or la and Out; dis- engaged.— G. C, 20, Glen Vue, East Grinstead. GARDENER (Second).— Age 32, single ; six- teen years' experience ; eight years as florist. Unex- ceptional references. — C. CANN. Victoria Nursery, Eastern Road, Plaistow, E. GARDENER (Second), Inside and Out. — Age 22 ; two years' good character from present place. — H. C, Mrs. Purver, 4, Winkworth Cottages. Linkfield Road, Isleworth, Middlesex. GARDENER (Second).— Age 23 ; eight years experience. iQside and Out preferred. Four years good character.— G. ELSON, The Gardens, Randall's Park, Leatherhead, Surrey. GARDENER (Second), or good Third — Can be highly recommended. Nearly three vears' good character.— H. SCO IT, Nurseryman, Warminster, Wilts. GARDENER (Second or Third), in Good Establishment, Inside preferred. — Age 23; eight vears' experience. Good character— F. TICEHUKST, The Gardens, De Walden House, Eastbourne. GARDENER (Third), Inside and Out; age 19. — A Gardenkk can well recommend a young man as above. Two years' good character.— Mr. W. TRANG- MAR, Meadfield, Haslemere, Surrey. GARDENER (Under), or Single-handed, in Small Place. —Age 26 ; some experience in most branches. Strong and willing. Abstainer. Good character. — S., Plumpton, Sussex. GARDENER < Under), or Single-handed. — Age 23, Binjzje ; seven years' good character. Inside and Ont.— J. BEN.NET I'. Grange, OhaUont St. Peters, Bucks. 0"". ARDENER (Under), or Single- handed. T —Age 25, single; will come a month on trial. Two years' reference. — ] ' ■ 1 irk, S.W. ARDENER (Under); Inside and Out pre- ferred. — Age 19; three years' good character f rom hut situation. -C. 1 GARDENER (Under), all or part of time I Ri >S8, Hi m Brougb, forks. GLRDENEE i". oi h> and Out of Houaes.— Age 20 ; aizm previous.— H. CI "J is. New Mill, I ARDENEH (Under). — Age 20; three years' experience ; good reference.— P. DOBBRLL, Dr. Grayling. Sittingbnurne, Kent. GTaRDKMII: d xdm), and make himself f generally useful. Koung. I 1AYWARD, Knole "il! new, Jackson Bond, Bromlej Common, K.-nt. ARDENER (Under) ; age 18.— Colonel T.>w> can strongly re ommend hit I live yean' good charactei SABLES S LNDIFORD I. i GARDENER (Under).— Age 20; understands Fines, i ■ Flower and Kitchen Har- dening. Su yeai i places. — R. ANDREWS, i iti.nl, i G. ARDENER (1 mdbr), has had good experi- I enc Ha J and i willing.— J. HARNEY, Finchampstead, Wokingham, Berks. CJ.ARDENER (Undbb). Age L8; knowledge X of i situation ; good chaoui ter.— s. VVKI. i lory, Betchworth, Surrey. GARDENER il ndrb) inside and Oat.— AgelS; fouryean' experience. Two and a half yeara' excellent character from present rituati m. O. TBI SL1 it, i'.'< .: [edge, I in.li l.i, Snrr'-V-. GARDENER (Under).— Age 23 ; abstainer. I iv- e n In lasl place, two under Glass, i Kitchen and Flower Graraen. Qood characters, — J. M., 53, Cnatterton Boad, Broml i. GARDENER (Under), as I n i] > t-. i\ .- r in Gar- de g.- Ace ;i»; four years' good character, i Abstainer.— J. TULK, Watergore, near llm i ARDENER, FOREMAN, or Second, in good E-t .Mi J. Smyths, The Gardens, i ndercliffe, Sunderland, would b ■ pleas, i to n n mas aa above. Has lived here two years. Thfrteen years' good all-round experience. RCHID GROWER, or ( rARDEN ICR and ORCIlIli GKoWEIt. -Thoroughly experienced r chids and Gardening; n, ,11 i- !,,. i,,-. \v. WEISHER, 1, Acacia Cottage, Basing Bead, Peckham, S.E. ROOM and GARDE .\ KK.— Age 21 ; active ; a year and nine montha* good reference from late em- ployer.—W. PARKER, Itarkway, Royston, Herts. Market Growers. MANAGER, or FOREMAN, where Produce is Grown for Market- Married; understands .Melon-, Cucumbers, Tomatos, Vines, Strawberries, Beans, and Cut Flowers. Good testimonials. — A., Martin's Restaurant, Penrj-n. To Nurserymen. MANAGER, or FOREMAN, PROPAGA- TOR, GROWER. SALESMAN.— Thoroughly efficient in Hard and Soft-wooded Stock, especially Tea Roses, Eucharis, Gardenias, Tree Carnations, Cyclamen, Bouvardias. Ferns, Palms, Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums ; first-class at Bouquets and Wreaths. Good references. — FLORAL, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Lj\)REMAN, in the Houses. — Mr. Rooke, -a_ Bashley, near Lymicgton, can confidently recommend a young man to any Head Gardener requiring a good careful hand as above. FOREMAN. — Age 27, single ; ten years' expe- rience in several first-. 1 t-s .-stub lishmenU. Eighteen months' good character. — J. BROOKS, 12, Upcerne Road, Chelsea, S.W. FOREMAN, in the Houses; age 24.— Mr. S. DiVIES, The Gardens, Weybridge Park, Surrey, would be glad to recommend a thoroughly good man as above. Nine years' experience in good establishments. FOREMAN, in Nobleman's Establishment ; age 28.— Mr. Reed, The Gardens, Broadwater, Oatlauds Park, Weybridge, Surrey, will be pleased to recommend A. Bateman, to any Gardener requiring a competent man as above. Two years in present place as Foreman. FOREMAN, in the Houses, in a good Estab- lishment.— Age 25 ; two years in present place, as below, previous place Castle Howard, York. Good chai H. BELL, The Gardens, stoke Edith Park, Hereford; or, Mr. Ward. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN ( Won king i, where experience is required in Grape, Cucumber, Tomato, and Plant Growing, Cut Flower-, be.— W. N., G*,deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Stran I, W.C. FOREM VN, or Second.- j.ge 24; ten years' expert U. DEAY1XLE, Bromley Manor, Lichfield. 1^0 RE MAN or Sbcond.— Age 24; good general expei Out. Three and a quarter ye irs in pi T. II.. i Leatherhead. 17*0 REMAN, in a good Establish- in nt Mr. BaSEI ii, Eashing Park, Golalming, can highly recommend J. Watkins as above. II. is lived here is above for ever three years. Bothy preferred. Eight years previous good testimonials. FOREMAN, PROPAG *.TOR,andGftO^ ER. —Thoroughly experienced In the Culture of I .'rimulus, Cine- rs, roxnatos, Sec. — A. 8., V icarage ...... . | To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Hard- wooded Stuff.— Young man requires situation i Good references from previous employers in Dresden, Mr. GRIBSSLANDER, 30 Road, Sydenham. 08E GROWER.— Age 89, married; thoroughly ex] Forcing moat Plorlate' Propagator, Bu -i CJrlnati ad, Buasei Jul KNKY.MAN, in thiT Houses.— Age 23; good Word, i aahire, JOURNEYMAN.— Age L'l ; four years in Orel] li Total absl liner. — W. K . v. i : m, W. Jul RNEYM \N, in the Houses. Age 20; six ltothy preferred. — H. sii.K, Whiteness Qardent, M JOURNEYMAN, in Private Establishment.— At'.--'-', tin-...- years in present place. Qood refc Street Gardens, chorley, Lam To Nurserymen. Jim RNEYMAN, in a Market Nnrsery. Age 25; alevei euce. — B. G.,21, i . Sydenham, S.E. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age -"-' ; eight yeara' exparien el : Out. Twoyenrs'g I character from la it place. I BRi I IKBS, i, Bpi Abergavi any, Id '.ire. J'»i RNE1 MAN, [nside, or [nside and Out.— Age 20; strong an I willing. Twelve niunllis' character, -' [.r..\ luiis. — w. s.. Qallypot Hattfield, Tunbridge Wells. OURNEYMAN, in Orchid Houses, or other- wise. — Has had good experience in all branches, espe- Cially Orchids. Six years' excellent iharacter.— Q. MARTIN, Leywood Gardens, Groornbridge, Kent. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out.— Age 21 ; used to marketing. Strong and active. Four and a half years' experience. Well re. . niiiiieiided.— II. COLEMAN, I-irle (liir.len, Lewes, Sussex. Ji>( RNEYMAN, under Foreman; age 21. — ■ II. Pakko'i r. Wood End Gardens, Chichester, reeom- in. -ii. Is a s! rone; ael i\ e man as above. Seven years' experieni >-. Two years and a half in present place. JOURNEYMAN.— Age 23; two years' and a half in present place. Sober, strong, and willing. Hotliy preferred. Recommended by J. HOPKINS, The Gardens, Preen Manor, Shrewsbury. JOURNEY'MAN, in a Nobleman's or Gentle- man's Garden. — Age 21 ; five years' experience, and first- class character. — THu.MAS CARTMELL, Croft Nurseries, Botcherby, Carlisle. JOURNEYMAN (Skcond or First), under Foreman, in large establishment.— Three vears as Second in last situation.— W. H. S.. 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 20.— W. Hi rhant, who has been at Norbury Park Gardens for six years, is anxious to Improve himself in the Houses. Has . had five years' experience Outdoors, and the last year Indoors. Mr. Downing, Norbury Park Gardens, Mickleham, Surrey, will be pleased to answer any enquiries for character and ability. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, or Second, where three or four are kept.— Age 24 : six vears' good character. Bothy preferred. — WILLIAM THORNTON, Danbury Palace, Chelmsford, Essex. OURNEYMAN, or Second, in the Houses, in good Establishment.— Age 24, single; nine years' ex- perience; three years in preseut situation. Can be highly recommended.— C. LUCAS, Husbands, Bosworth, Rugby. JOURNEYMAN, or IMPROVER, in Good Establishment. — Age 18; five years' experience, two years' Inside. Excellent character.— A. CHILMAN, The Gardens, Brasted Park, near Sevenoaks, Kent. PLEASURE-GROUND MAN, or Indoors and Out. — Age 23; three vears' good character. — State wages to T. K„ Kanshaw's, Hertford, Herts. IMI'KOVEK, Inside, or Inside and Out, in a J- Gentleman's Garden.— Age 20; five yeara* good character. 1 NI.M.MuMis. Outburst, near I'etorstield, Hants. IMPROVER, Inside or Inside and Out.— Age 17; bothy preferred. Two years' and a half good C. USHER, Huwlcy, near Farnborough, Hants. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden. — Age 17; good character. A. LINDI'S, 13, Lennox Road, Worthing, Sussex. I Ml' HOVER, Inside and Out.— Age 10; over I tour years in present place. llothv preferred, n. i iil.LlNS. III. Sine .1 ... K ..i I, s liiield, Wandsworth. Seedsman. IMPROVER. Five years' experience. Good referencea. Low- salary to commence. — W., 7, Natal It lad, .. s.w. IMI'KOVEK, Inside.— Age 21; five years experient drawing Kerns. Palms, Bulbous and Foliage Planl \ c; i character. Strong and willing.— C. REY- NOLDS, Broton Utley, Rugby. rrO GARDENERS. — Wanted, by a young I M hi with some knowledge »f Gardening, a comfortable '".in -. wh ire he would h tve the opportunity of gaining pmc- W .11 ;. iv a in. i I. rate sum weekly for DO n.l. I, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, u 0 TTO GARDENERS. — A youth (age 17) X requires a sua,, on under a good Gardener, w w '., Mill Green Lodge. Haddington Corner, near Mitch am. SHOPMAN. Age 21 ; good knowledge of the in all brunches. I, I „ lVren.es. MK.\ THA. Gor- . .--, .('■,,..„ ■ ■ i in, ... II. \\ elliugtun Street, sua,,. I, W.l CHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT — Age 24 ; 0 thorough knowledge of the Seed and Hull, Trade. Accus 1 ned tO a pushing business. Eight veals' experience with a large Retail firm.— UKVOIR. II. Wellington .Street, Strand, W.C. SHOPMAN' (Assistant). — Age 24; seeks re- engagement. Been seven years in present situation. knowledi I Counter, Seed, and Mower Trade Furnishing and TaUe i>,...,,r ,i,,.ns. i: I referencea. — I. HOWELL, .Mr. I'.nssell. lis. Seven Sisters Road, N. QEEDSMEN or CORN MERCE \.N ITS. O young Mm requires l situation in the above. Six experience In Retail Seed Shop. Good references. BRIGH CON, cm relay, Droitwich. TO FI.OKISTS.— I le-engagement wanted by a X young Lady. Thoroughly well up in Florul Decorations, H,.u.|.iels. Wreaihs, Crosses, SUS. Alsoa knowledge of Plants. Mas had the M mi menl of a Fashionable Court Florist in the \\.-.i end Good reference. -Apply, stating salary, to PTERIS, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. rrO FLORISTS.— Young Lady seeks re-en- 1 ^.i^.-iii.-iit in Florist's, or Fruiterer and Florist's Busi- IH-. Atfi' 25 ; nix years' experience. Good reference. — Miss Til r, B, Great Minster Street, Winchester. HOLLOWAY'S TILLS.— Easy Digestion.— These admirable Pills cannot be too highly appreciated fir Mi.- wliolesome power they exert over all disorders of the stomach, liver, boweN, and kidneys, They iiiHfantancouply relieve and steadily worii out a thorough cure, and En its course dispel headache, biliousness, flatulence, and depression of Spirit*. II i-i wonderful to watch the daily improvement of the complexion, an Hollouay's 1'ills purify the blood and rentore plum] bs to Hi'' face which has lost both flesh and colour. Tb.'te 1M1.. combine every excellence desirable in a domestic remedy. The most certain and beneficial results flow from the occasional use of this regulating medicine; even persons in health, or when fallowing sedentary occupation, will find it an invaluable aperient. 504 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 19, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of every Highest Prize in all cases of competition, and they are the only Mowers in constant use at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington Patronised by— HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN on many occasions, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, THE KING OF THE BELGIANS, The Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR (IF RUSSIA, And moat of the Nobility, Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, June 3 to 7, 1881. The "Journal of Horticulture," of June V. saus:— "MOWING MACHINES.— After a critical examination the Silver Medal was granted to the old firm of world-wide fame, Messrs. T. GBKK.v & SOS, of Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished, nnecessary to give any description of the llitv, Clergy, and Gentry ot til,- United Kingdom. lu » H»"» ^~~~~,~ „-• - --., ----- j _ Upwards of 155,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first Introduced In the year 1856 V And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have been received, testifying to their superiority over all others And thousands of unsolii They have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, and The following are their Advantages over all others :- 1st Simplicityof Oonstouction-every part being accessible. 2nd. They are worked with much greater er" * 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 5th. They have carried ojf the Highest Prize that has been ijiven. ay SILENS MESS0R MOWER, With Improved Steel ChainB and Handles. than any other. 3rd." They are the least liable to get out of order, ill cut either short or long Grass, wet or dry. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price. ., can be worked by t £j 15 q a Lady ... S do. do. 2 10 0 , do. by a strong youth 3 10 0 , do. by a man ... i 10 0 , do. do 5 10 0 REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel FathB, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse Prices of Rollers in 2 parts. Diam . Length £ s. a Iri 111 by 17 in. .. ..2 5 20 in by 22 in. .. ..3 5 24 in by 26 in. . . .. 4 10 30 in by 32 in. .. .. 7 10 DOUBLE-HANDED To cut 16 inches, can be worked by one man {.£(510 0 LAWN MOWER. -To cut 22 i 1 be worked by two i To cut 18 inches, do. man To cut 20 inches, do. i These Mowers are the i boy.. g ™ ^ 'If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30s. extra. Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme " of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. For PRICES of DONKEY, PONY, and HORSE MACHINES, see LIST. Special quotations made for Rollers, 3 feet. 3i feet, and 4feetDiametei, i,in 1 with Shafts lor one or two horses. SPECIAL.-A FEW TESTIMONIALS OUT OF THOUSANDS RECEIVED. gg= ROYAL GARDENS, WINDSOR, January 28, 1890. To Messrs. GREEN & SON, Limited. Dear Sirs, — In sending you the enclosed order for Lawn Mowers, I think it may be interesting to you to know that I am still using the Horse Machine you supplied in the year 1856 ; it is in perfect order even now, which is a proof that the workmanship is first-class, and speaks for itself. As to your " Hand Silens Messor," no Lawn Mowers could give greater satisfaction either to myself or to the men who work them — they are un- equalled. Daring the season I have them daily in use in the Royal Gardens here, and never have the slightest trouble with them. Your machines are also the only ones I have in use at the Private Gardens, Hampton Court Palace ; the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park ; Cumberland Lodge, and the Royal Pavilion Grounds, Aldershot. I shall feel a great pleasure in recommending them to all my friends. I remain, dear sirs, yours very truly, THOMAS JONES. ry Mr. J. E. STIRLING, of the ROYAL GARDENS, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, writing under date Feb. 21, 1890, says :— " As regards the work your 42-iuch Horse Machine does (which two years ago took the place of the one you supplied iu '63), I may say it is kept in constant use here from February until the end of the mowing season, and continues to give the greatest satisfaction. It is the best Machine I know for good work and durability, aud your ' Hand Silens Messors' also excel all others. We have no other Lawn Mowers in use here, and I always recommend them to all my friends who inquire about Lawn Mowers." Kintbury, Hungerford. April 20. 18»3. -I shall be glad of alist of your Lawn Mowing Machi Bathersden, Ashford, Kent. June 14. 1878. Gentlemen,— Your " Silens Messor " Mower, 20-inch, works splendidly. It is a most perfect machine, and beats the old 20-inch one that for so many years did my work without repairs. I recommend your machines, and never see any doing such good work and with so little power. You may refer any- one to me, and I will then show them the S. M. at work, and I shall show it to all I can. I am, yours truly, Messrs. Green & Son. W. H MOLD. priced. I am glad to mention that I bought ore of your 14- inch machines 22 years ago. It has had hard and rough usage every year since, and only on Monday was it put quite out of use by the snapping in two of the driving wheel under the hammer. It is surprising to think of the work it has done, and done well. Yours faithfully, Messrs. Green, Leeds. ALFRED T.'BAZETT. GREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN GREEN'S Patent LAWN COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made. Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. WelliDgborough, February 4, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. Gentlemen, — I have sent you our Lawn Mower for repairs, which please have done to it. I have used your machines for 25 years, and I find them more durable and do their work better thaa any other machines I have seen. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, DAVID PERCIVAL, (Gardener to VV. Blott. Esq,). Cottingham, Hull, February 13, l»90s To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited, Leeds. I urn instructed by Arthur Harrison, Esq., of Northgnte House. Cottingham, near Hull, who has had one of >our 36-inch Horse Mowers in use over 20 years, ami ask whether you think it advisable to send it for repair or have a new one, for it is us you may suppose now getting worse for wear. Kindly say per return, aud enclose Price List. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, JOHN BAYNTON. Ivy Bauk, Broadway, Worcester, April 13, 1884. Gentlemen,— Some fifteen or sixteen years ago, I had from you one of your 12-inch Lawn Mowers which, I may Bay, Ims from that day to the present time given perfect satisfaction, and goes as easily, aud does its work as well now as it did at first. I have recomuieuded yours as the best niMchine ever since. I am, yours faithfully, Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. C. FRENCH HARTLEY. GREEN'S PATENT CRASS EDGE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 inches £1 16s. Packing Case. 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c, and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with she \3F A very useful aud serviceable Machine. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports In England, Scotland, and Ireland. The largest stock of Mowers kept by any manufacturer is to be found at our London Establishment, SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, where Purchas, make selection out of s to befow ired Machines of Hand, Pony, and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied th, The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B. — Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS, AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, &c., &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Elitorial Co nrnunications should be addressed to " The Editor;" Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London, W.C. Printed by William Richarih. at the O.lice of Messrs. Bradbury. Agnevy, & Co., Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Cy. uty of Middlesex, and published by the •aid William Richards, at the Office, 11, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, April 19, 1890, Agent for Manchester— J OHM Ueywood. Established 1841/ No. 2574. No. 174.— Vol. VII. {£"£} SATUEDAY, APRIL 26, 1890. a Newspaper./ °RICE 3d* I Post-Frke, 3jd. CONTENTS. apid WiZ, 533, 524 Botanists, indeiof British 52a Broccoli Budding, Celery Colonial notes Daffodil Conference 52C Dendrobium atro-viola- ceum Ferns, variation in Foreign correspondence . Fruits under glass Gardening appointments Grapes, colouring of Hardv fruit garden Horticultural hall, the... [naecl pests Kitchen gard n Maltese gardens Malhania memnoxilon... Obituary:— Firth, 0. o« Mi- Tburber, O. Alexander. J, Odontog] Orel louses Pteooies at Mr. Gordon's 522 Phalteoopsis, distribution of 516 Plant portraits 52.1 Plants and their culture 518 Plum crop, promise of ... 523 Bating of market gar- dens, &c. 515 Boses, underground bud- ding of SIS Seedlings, pricking off ... 524 Royal Botanic 528 Royal Horticultural ... 525 National Auricula ... 527 North of Scotland ... 5.8 Stanmore Hill, flowers at 522 Strawberry bads 634 ed 5.'.'t Truffles, true and fa!—,.. 628 Turnip-tops 623 515 Wallflower ck.hu 623 of.. hybrid 514 Weatht llora It WiMsmilh memorial Illustrations. Aristolocl.i.i Qoldil m M iltese garden, \ iaw Melhania melanoxylo Truffle, the white Advertiser/! are specially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position he guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In clotn. 11a. 6d. JVIE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, / Vol. VI., Third Series. JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. 11 Y S T A L P A L A C E. taiKAT BUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS, SATURDAY, Hay 10, Ei tries CI n \i ij I, Forms and 8. hedulee posl ft applies to Mr. W. Q. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Departmi nt, Crystal Palai ■•. S.E. O Y A L AQUARIUM, Westm H I C 'I N I) S 1' KING E X II I H I T I li N. TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, April 30 Ai BICULA8, POLYANTHUS, OLIVIAS, tic, Schedules ol WILLIAM HOLMES, Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, London. RoV A I, BOTANICAL and BORTI- CI'I.'l i i: IX 90 ii rY of MANCHESTER. SPRING FLOWER SHOW in the Town Hall, Manchester on TCES1UY. the ."..III in-t. N . S.K'i.-ty's Shon (North, in Dim -inn, . .m the same day. The GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHI- BITION of 1830 will open on MAY 23. Scbed - may be had bom the undersigned BRUCE findlay. Hot inn' Gardens, Manehester. BRIGHTON HORTICULTURA I. ASSOCIATION. GUAM) HOSE SHOW (ml I, Plants, Ferns. See ) JILY9and 10 GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION, SEPTEMBER 10 and 11 lor Schedules. „|,].l , to EDWARD CARPENTER, Secretary, 38, SI J imes Street, Brighton CHREW8BDRT OKKAT FLORAL FETE, O August, in and 21, 1830.— For 20 PLANTsl, £.'.". £30 £16 Ojllectlon of FRUIT. £10. £-s, £:i. For grapes. Mo. Valu- able SPECIAL PRIZES given by Messrs. Webb & 8on«, Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Messrs, Curler & Co , Messrs Win Wood & Sou, and .Mr. II. DeTerill. Schedules now ready, post free on applies! TheSqu . Bhi to the Hon. Bei Means. ADMIT Ann Sainton, CUTTON'S LAWN GRASS SEEDS kJ for making new or improving old Garden Lawns, Tennis Grounds, Bowling Greens. Cricket Grounds. &c. A far better and more enduring sward can be obtained by sowing these seeds than from turres. G. T. Todd, Esq., Craiglarach. says :— " Two Tennis Courts sown with your Grass Seeds are the be9t in the neighbourhood." Price of Sutton's Grass Seeds for Lawns, &c, 3s. 6a. per gallon, 25r. per bushel. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM FOR SALE, 10,01X1 UKNISTAS, in 3-ineh pots, at Is. per 100. Cash with order. T. BALDWIN 1 vi. si in, 1 lit.] Nursery, BurchaURoad.Leyton. OUPERB ORCHITIS, CHEAP.— Thousands 1 ' to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHl'R, .11 Nursery, I, Ms ds Vale, I Ion, \v. PRIMROSE (Rare Old), deep dark double -*- cr.ui Btampedeorrespondence invited. •. h with order. .1. T. OREIO. S.inoyside. Fyrie, Iberdeensh're, Sco I foil SALE i.', Private Bargain, large and A valuable COLLECTION ..1 .1; inns. t„ ;,,,,.-, „g to late . 1, Dumfries, N.n. 1 PI w J .1 ! '■'. mi Banks, Dumfries. LILY of thi- VALLEY BLOOMS (Beriiri Giant), Vs. p. t paid. Sample box, Is. A.l.lr. ., R K I i; s. Trade. P'T IlKI, i|| 600 10I9. -'-. per 100 do. do. T K A W B i; Warranted II. NOBLE, very tine ' KINO OF EVKI.ll s BURQHLEY PRESIDENT K. QILBERT, High Park, Stamford Established 16 Years. DOBERTS BR08., Wholesale Florists, li 21, Catherine so. ■ i i -;,,,. w.c , will be pleased to r- ,-iv.. i..r s ,:,. ,.., i :,. Consignments oi really Choice Cut FLOWERS, FRUIT, and Other I Every detail promptly and strictly atteuded to. Bankers — Lond Df ( II. ink. Telegraphic Address "BOUVARDIA, London." :HJT FLOWERS and Choice Fill I is Received and Sold 1.11 Cmmis. I.uli i,l ||,e i ',,,. .,1 rden ..f the North, by VI M Bl im in. Produce Auctioneer wcastle-ou-Tyne. Telegraphic Address-" BULMAN, Newcastle-onTyne." c JW. BARNHAM Receives on Commission . ORAPES. TOMATOS, and other Ohoios FRUITS also FI.oWERS. His personal attention securing highest \l„rk,-t Price-. Account Sales daily, and che.pies ut option. Baskets an, i labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. ( HIOICE FLOW KKS CHOICE FRUIT. V>t Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Irron&pt cash HENRY RIDES, Covent garden, W.C, MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Sum iivmkn. Si, I, up. and 386, 388, 287, 288, Flower Mark.-t, l'.,v»-iit liur.i.-n. London, W.C, ; i r. ■ open t,, Kl' I *p I \" !■' CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CI 1 flowers m any ,,,,„,",t ,ty for their (Commission Department. Unites and Labels si,,,., he,i Telegraphic Address "Commission, Bid. cup.1 c 'HAS. COOl'KK v ,,,('(>., Wholesale Klorists, J He.lfor.lbury.Cnv, nt Garden, are open to Recci ve Consign- ments of Choice Cut Flowers for their Commiaalon Department. WANTED, strong clumps of DACTYLIS GLOV1EHUA EI.EIi ANTISSI.MA AIREA. Slate I"...'-' price per 100. to W.VI. CLIBRAN AM. SON. Oldfield Nurseries. Alltn, l.ain. WANTED, a qnantity of Dutch Dwarf BOX EDGING. Offers, with pr , to FISHER, SON, am.sihrav. Bandswoith Nurseries, Sheffield. WANTED, MENTHA PULEQIUM (illi- RALTJCUM, a fe« stock pots or boxes i. PHIPPEN, Nurseryman, Reading. ]yOTICE.— Mr. W. A. WRIGHT (late repre- -Ll sen ting Mr. W. Colchester, of Ipswich) begs to inform those whom it may concern, that he now represents Messrs. R. BEALE AND CO., of NewSouthgatefand 11, Queen Victoria Street). London, and that he will have pleasure in calling on them as usual in due course. OTIC E.— JOHN HENRY MILTON, for u yean the senior representative to Messrs. begs to inform his numerous revered hits connection fur the liberal support N rLuUUSOH & S,,\s. I.oiccste Friends and Customers, that he"ha with thai House, in thanking the given him in the pa-t. solicits their ft Present address— 65, BARTHOLOMEW STREET, LEICESTER PELARGONIUM "DUCHESS of TECK." ii"- 1 si and moat fiorirerous double white Pelargonium " commerce, Fine health; plants, in 4.8's, 13t. and 16s. per pecial quotation for quantities. E- W. lit. I. son. i;i,,v,leigh Nursery, Retford. I iS!IO. NEW FUCHSIAS, Besi ii.iieltics for this year. 11 F. A 1'T V OF W EST KENT, DOROTHY and GEORGE FRY. Plants a. .u being distributed. Full li.-cnpiue .mil Priced LIST Post-free. JOHN I. AINU am. sons, Begonia Si ialists and New I'liint Merchants, Forest Hill, s.E. T<0 ORCHID GROWERS. — SPHAGNUM MOSS, fresh and clem, collected as ordered, 5s. per sack, GEO. OARRADICE, Monumenl Place, Kendal. ALPINES and HARDY HERBACEOUS ^ V PLANTS. -Catalogue 73 pages, illustrated with descrip- tive and cultural notes, '.«,/ each. 100 Saxifrages, inu sorts. 28 . Rook Plants in 100 sorts, 35s. STANSFIELD HHOTHERS, Southport. f"l CI1S1AS, stroiif,' and wt-ll-rootcd, in 50 host ran., Double and Single, B», per 100, for cash. 8. MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Farnhani, Surrey. P\I..\1S. — Leading deoorative sorts in many sizes, great quantities, and in finest health. FRANCIS R. KIMIHOKN, Nurseryman, Richmond Surrey and Flower Market. Covent Garden, W.C. To Market Growers. SKI, KIT STOCKS of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS at WHOLESALE PRICES Before isewhere, send (orOeneraJ s i CATAL E B, L, COLEMAN, Seed Merchant, Sandwich. Kent. ".0 (KK, (i UE KN K ,,,,:n' v m usi • »V»V7V17 all gooil shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high. lfti. to £|o per loo. free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Guldstone Farm, Brighton. The Best Present for a Gardener. INKS and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes a ii 1 1 their Culture ever published. V Ne I0.1it-i I'm. e ;*..., p. ist free 5s. 6if. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. vv Grape vines. M. RAUL and SON have still a line Stock i.l u.ll ripened, shorl jointed Canes, of all leading .„., e,,es. Fruiting, Si. to 10s. Sit. each ; Planting, .'ij?. tW. tu 6». each, Paul's Nurseries, Wultham Cross, Herts. "■PHOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT _L MANI RE —This raluable Manure is made only by us. Every bag tin has • name on it. To be had of nil Nursery and s I. men, mi, I direct fr..m us. l cut. and over t arriage paid. London Agent-Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria It. .ml. Putney \VM. THOMSON andSONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.H. LAWN MOWERS. — The "EXOKLSIOR" (l'ntent.)hnstheliirgest sale in the world, an, I , , pr ,,,,, ,-,.,! by all Gardeners to be the very lies! for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent " NEW MODEL " is guaranteed to be the easiest working machine In the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and S Isiiien. Price Lists post-free from the ttninnf.i, hirers. -CHAI1KOHN ami COLDWELL, M'K'o Co., 333, Ipl.r Thames Street, London, EC. See large Advertisement, March T>. page 376. 50G THE GARB E NE R 8 ' C'HR O Nl CLE. [April 26, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Special Sale, Tuesday Next, April 29. ORCHIDS in FLOWEK. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on TUESDAY NEXT, April 29, a large quantity of ( IRCHIDS in Flower and End. from various collections. Also about 80 lots of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, from a Private Collection. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. 4000 LILIES from Japan, being the remaining stock of a large London Seedsman, and including Lilium Krameri, Batemannia, album Knrt/.eri, rubrum cruentum, Har- lisoni, Wasliingtunianuin, Humboldti, superbum. auratum virginale, rubro vittatum, PiCtlim Japanese e'egans, Cordifolium, Lzovitzianum ; 1000 Anemone, The Pride, 500 choice Begonias, 200 i Gladiolus, Vallotas, and Dahlias. Also a consignment of Azaleas. Dracamas, Palms; &c, front Belgium ; a choice assortment of Ferns and Green- house Plants, snrl 15.000 scuds Areea lutescens. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68, Che ipside, E.C.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April no, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Eltham.— Expiration of Lease. CLEARANCE SALE of GLASS ERECTIONS. HORSES, CARTS, GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Mrs. Todnron whose lease is expiring. TVfESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will 1VL SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Eltham Nursery Eltham, Kent, about a mile from Eltham Station, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, April 30 and May 1. at. 12 o'Clock precisely each day, the ERECTIONS of 9 GREEN- HOUSES, and several PITS and GARDEN' BOXES, with the Brickwork, Hotwater-piping, and Boilers, the whole of the GREENHOUSE PLANTS, 5500 Ampelopsis and Irish Ivies, in pots ■ 350 Golden Euonvmus, in pots ; 1300 pots of Conifer cut tings ; strong CART Hi >RSE. 3 COLTS, Roan HORSE. 16 hands. 5 years, quiet to ride and drive, has been hunted ; Chesnut Mare, 7 years. 16 hands, quiet to drive and good hunter up to 14 stone; PONY, DOG-CART, 2 light spring CARTS, spring VAN Tnmbril CARTS, WAGGON, I'uiiv CHAISE, several sets of HARNESS, loo loads of MANURE. CHAIN HARROW, HAY SHAKER, GARDEN ROLLICKS. MOWING MACHINES. TROLLIES, and numerous other EFFECTS. May be viewed the day prior, and mornings of Sale. Cata- logues may be had on the Premises ; at the principil Inns in the neighbourhood ; and of the Atn'tiour,*:s and Estate Agents, 67 and 08, Cheapside, London, E.C., and Leytonstone, E. Friday Next. IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. ODONTOGL03SIJM ROl .'.I.I PESCATOREl KLABOCHORUM. ODONTOG LOSS I'M CRISPI'M. ESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are .nstructed by Messrs. Charleswurth, Shuttleworth & Co., of Heaton, Bradford, and ISO, Park Road, Clapham, to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, EC, on FRIDAY NEXT. May 2, at half-past 12 o'clock, a large consignment of ORCHIDS, consisting of Odontogl03sum Roezli, just received in splendid condition and health; also a few rem lining plants of EPIDEN- DRUM FRIDRICKI GUILELMI, the last lot we intend offering. These plants are now perfectly safe, and jusl begin- ning to root, every plant being furnished with a young growth. The Sale will also include a line Loi oi ODONTOGLOSSTJM CRISPI'M from the best Pacho districts, «>. CITROSMOM, the sweet-scented CATTLEYA CIT1UNA, a few plants of the valuab'e PESCATOREl KLA.BOOHORUM, nNCIDIUM KRAMERI, O. WELTONI, and MASDEVALLIA P0LY- STICTA. Also a private collection from Gloucestershire, about 100 lots, including CATTLEYA MOSSI.T. GIGANTEA, which received a Certificate at Bath Show, and several oilier very fine specimens; and a consignment of GREEN TREE FROGS. M*1 rum: of Sale, and Cat ilogu i had. Friday, May 2 -E9tabli3lied Orchids. A PRIVATE COLLECTION from Gloucestershire, about 100 Lots, including CATTI.EYA MO JSL2E GIGANTEA, which received a Certificate at Bath Show; and several other very fine specimens; also a consignment of GREEN TREE FROGS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will INCLUDE THE ABOVE in their SALE on FRIDAY, May 2. Exeter. HIGHLY IMPORTANT Three Days' UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Messrs. Lueombe, Pince & Co., who are relinquishing their business. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Exeter Nurseries, Exeter, on TUESDAY, May 6, and two follow- ing days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, without the -In'htest reserve, the first portion of the extensive and valuable Stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, comprising 200 specimens, such as Stephanotis, Lapigerias, Azaleas, Orchids, Kentias, and other Palms ; 2000 Stove Plants, in- cluding Crotoin. Anthuriums, Iiracau.is, Hoyas, Ixorus, Alla- mandas, &c. ; 4000 Greenhou-, PI ints, consisting of Lapageri i-. Rhododendrons, Hoses, Aralias, B ■ .Ericas, and numerous others; 600 Orchids, including Cattleyas, Cypripedinms, Ccelogynes, Cymbidiums, Iieiidrobium-, odoutogl.i— uuis, Ltelis , V.mdas, and others; 2000 Show and Regal Pelargo- niums, 3900 Exotic and Hardy Ferns, 1500 choice Carnations, Picotees, and 10,000 Herbaceous Alpine Rock and Bedding Plants. N.B.-The NURSERY to be LET or SOLD on very advan- tageous terms. Particulars forwarded on application to the Auctioneers. .May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, Londjn, E.C. Preliminary Notice Important to Orchid Fanciers and Oihers. The unique and singularly beautiful COLLECTION of Life-size WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS of ORCHIDS, by Durham, comprising 2S6 Drawings iu 22 handsomely bound volumes, formed by the late John Day, Esq., of Tottenha-n, and painted specially for him at great cost, the whole formiog undoubtedly the most valuable Collection of Orchid Paintings extant. AXESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have iT_L been favoured with instructions to SELL the ABOVE VALUABLE COLLECTION by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms. 67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.C, on FRIDAY, June 6, 1890, at 2 o'clock precisely, in one lot. May be viewed at tlie Auctioneers' otters t\\ o days prior to the Sale, or at any previous time by appointment. Descriptive Catalogues are now ready, and will be forwarded on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Wednesday Next. Fine named RHODODENDRONS in bud; ORNAMENTAL SHRUBS and CONIFERS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety; a fine COLLECTION of BORDER PLANTS, GLADIOLI, LILIUMS, BERLIN LILY of the VALLEY Crowns, and other BULBS and ROOTS in great M'r.L C. STEVENS will SELL the above by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 33. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on WEDNESDAY NEXT, April 30, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, May 1. Valuable ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud. MR. J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.. on TlllRSDiY NEXT, May 1, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, valuable ORCHIDS, in Flower and Bud, consisting of, amongst other fine things, the following : — Masdevallia Armiu ,, Leontoglossa Shuttleworth Chelsoni Veitchii Cypripedium Hook Plia'a-nopsis Impe sp I' Pliajus Humboldtii Dendrobium Schroderee Thvrsiiloruln Odontoglossum crispum, tine Cattleya Mendelii, choice varieties, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, May 15. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his next SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS iu FLOWER andBUDwill take place at hisGrr.it R ,-.:.-, I. ng Street, Covent Garden, W.C., on THURSDAY, Maj 15. ai half-past 13 o'clock pre isely. and he will I"- glad if Gentle n desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THU SALE will pi aseSEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. I7REEH0LD for SALIC, Six-Roomed House, J- 1 acre of Garden, Outbuildings. Good common rights. Price JS180 Apply to D. B'TCHELOUR, We-tlield, Guildford. To Gardeners and Nurserymen. rpo BE SOLD, without reserve, the Lease JL of a First-class NURSERY, situate within ea«y distance of London, and in a high-class resident ial neighbourhood, where there is an excellent opening for good man— having been established some time, there isa very fair amount of connection to the place. The premises comprise in all about an acre ot ground, with three Glass Houses (,,ne ,,v,-r 80 feet long), all tilted with Healing Apparatus, Tool house, Potting Sheds, &c. Apply to FURZE AMP ALDRIDGF, Auctioneers, 1, Railway Buildings, South Norwood. To Nurserymen and Florists. -London, W. TO RE SOLD, a First-class NURSERY, within 7 miles of Covent Garden, comprising about 1 acre of Land, with two Cottages and eight large Gr. en- houses thereon, all well stocked, and heated with hot-water. Lease 15 years. Terms moderate. For particulars apply to W. E., 130, Percy Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. NUUSERY FOR SALE, near London. Well Stocked. Going concern. In thorough working order. Repletewith best Heating -Apparatus. A fortune for a prac- tical man with about £300. Apply, GIBBS, Australian Hotel, Langham Steel, Loudon. rVO BE LET or SOLD, FREEHOLD NUR- I SERY ; 6 acres Land. Seed Business combined ; doing good Trade. Splendid supply of water. Capital investment. Particulars, apply BRYANT\ Nursery, Chippenham. London, W. To Small Capitalists. POMPAUT NURSERY, DWELLING- \J HOUSE, and several GREENHOUSES, in good neigh- bourhood. Rent only £1S. Price for Glass on application. No stock to take to. Particulars of Messrs. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, i',; ,nd 68 Cheapside, London, EC. Pouder's End, Middlesex (8; Miles from London). T'O BE LET, 1 to 50 Acres of Meadow and Arable LAND, on Lease for 21, 60, or 80 years. Rent from £i to £12 per acre, with the option of Purchase of the Freehold within the first nine years. Immediate possession can be had. Apply to A. AND G. QUIVER, Land Agents. Ponder's End, Middle-ex, rr<> LET, a well-established NURSERY, JL about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars en application to A. B., Gardeners' Ckroniels Office, 41, Welling- tou Street. Strand, W.C, To Horticultural Builders, &c HOUSE, with large back premises TO LET, a splendid position for the above Trade, ground over- looked from rail and platforms of FuREST HILL Railway Station. Apply, RICHARD DEAN, Forest Hill. In 10 0 lo in 0 10 10 0 10 10 0 ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GREAT INTERNATIONAL SHOW will be held in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, SEPTEMBER, 1891, when PRIZES of ONE THOUSAND POUNDS will be offered. Special Prizes will be received up to June 1, 1890, when the Prize List will be sent out. SUBSCRIPTIONS ALREADY INTIMATED :— WILLIAM THOMSON and SONS, Clovenfords ...£20 0 0 DICKSON'S and CO., 1. Waterloo Place. Edinburgh 10 18 0 JAMES GRIEVE, Waterloo Hotel, Edinburgh ... 10 10 0 M'KENZIE AND MONCUR, Upper Grove Place, Edinburgh IRELAND and THOMSON, Edinburgh JAMES DICKSON and SON'S, Edinburgh THOMAS METHVEN and SONS, Edit burgh R. B. LAIRD AND SONS. Edinburgh LITTLE and BALLANTYNE. Carlisle JOHN DOWNIE, 144, Princes Street, Edinburgh ... ANGUS M'LEOD, Superintendent Public Parks and Gardens, Edinburgh. DOBIE and CO., Seed-men, Rothsay STEWART and MEIN, The Nurseries, Kelso Mr. BROWN. Gardener. Gosford Mr. CAMPBELL, The Nurseries, Blaiuyre Mr. D. ROBERTSON, Helensburgh Mr. BRYDON. Tweed Bank Mr. McINTYRE.The Glen Mr. PRIEST, Gardener, Eglinton Castle Mr. GORDON. Gardener, Niddrie Mr. MeKIN'NON, Scone Palace Mr. SMITH. Gardener. Hopetoun House Mr. MURRAY, Cul/.ean Castle CANNELL and SnN, Swanlev, Kent Mr. METHVEN, Blythwood ' Mr. MORRISON, Archerh'eld Mr. II. DICKSON, Belmont. Belfast Mr. McINDOE, Hutton Hull Mr. HUNTER, Lambton Mr. SHARP, Freehand Mr. JAMES BRYSON, Helensburgh Mr. SMITH. Cullen Garden Mr. McKINNON, M, Iville Caste .Mr. POTTER, Seacliff Air. LINT, Ardgowan Mr. BoYD. Callender Mr. GRASSART, Osnal.l Hon e, Edinburgh Mr. DUNN, Palace Garden, Dalkeitn GEORGE III' .WARD .iimn, Maidstc Kent ... Mr. EKSKiNE, si, George street. Edinburgh i o o 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 18, War jt.M. roi rley Market, Edinburyh. 1 1 o KG, "Wi (WWl LOBELIA, Emperor William, 0\J)\J\J\J warranted true from cuttings JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. Gd. per 100, 20s. per 1000, for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery, Walthamstnw, E. ')(■ (\l\l\ LAXTON'S NOBLE. Strong — W^V/l/U STRAWBERRY PLANTS, warranted true. W. BELLINGHAM, Betsham, Southlle Gravesend, BEDDING GERANIUMS for Sale, Henri Jacoby, 200; Vesuvius, 500 ; Bonfire, 50; Tom Thumb, 150; Mrs. A. Mills, loo ; Wonderful, 150; Bijou, 250; Walt- ham Seedling, 50. All good strong plants iu Bo-pots. For particulars apply to W. WINMAS, Hickleton Gardens. Doncaster. \\7E are happy to announce that we have PURCHASED the ENTIRE ORCHID COLLECTION DE WITT SMITH, Esq, of Lee, Mass., U.S.A., which is noted for the fine specimens and varie- ties of all the finest and most popular Cypri- pediums in existence. They are all in the best possible condition and health, and were always con- sidered the best grown lot of Cypripediums known. Catalogues, with descriptions and prices, will be mailed on application to A. J. MANDA, THE UNITED STATES NURSERIES, HEXTABLE, SWANLEY, KENT. TWO LARGE TREE PERNS (Alsophila exeelsa), for Sale, 7 feet high, nine and ten fronds, in round tubs 2 feet in diameter, 1£ feet deep. G. TRINDER, Dogmersfield Gardens, Winchfield. April 26, 1890.] TEE GABDENEBS CEBONICLE, 507 New Chrysanthemums for 1890- JAMES CARTER and CO. have one of the largest and most perfect stocks in the country. For full particulars, see Carter's beautifully illustrated CATALOGUE, Gratis and Post-free to intending Customers. Roval Seedsmen by Sealed Warrants. 237 and 238, High Holbokn, Lon-don, W.C. GRAND N E W COLE U~S, "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. 6. HVAi'IXTHUS CANDICANS. TIGRLDIAS LNEMOfJI M LGENS, &c„ for Spring 1 I i aion. BARR am< I I3.B eet, CoventG irden, W 0, Pdl VI < is ■• Bedfordshire-grown" POTATOS. High] seed." Spe sfyatt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance. Beauty of Hebron, New Early Monarch, i I Early £ irge), and vicar ol I per too, 4 - per cirl dagi •• Sun nil'.," 505. per too, 3f. per i wt. i ree deliver; (Greal Northern Railway). Bagsincluded for cash with orders, I in UK. GEE, Rivcrford Hou*. Biggleswade, Bedfordshire. i Please name Gardeners' Chronicle when or BEGON] s.S a SPECIALTY. Awarded Four I i of quality, s l saved fi Plants. In illustrated Packets, ch< mixed, Single or Double varieties, l .. 2 . Bo*., and 5*. perpacket. Co 12 oamed varieties, separate, 5s. fid. ; 6 ditto, St. ogles, (Mill 1.' I ■ . 12j. to 21 i ir dozen; I choices! Named Doubles from 42s. per dozen ; Unnamed, very perdozen ; choic 91 Mixe I, I- i Order direct fnirn u I, to pro lire our -[ilinili'i si r:n n. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN' LUNG AM. SONS, I 1 ,„■,., t 11,11. S.E. PI IRRAN'9 i;i:i ii-i \nt i'-koiuno ms- ULIUIIHM O play, prod I by Clibran's Special Tuberous B' -^(ini :is, woiidrrf nl i-uliurs, uuequallcil habit. Single - I, I i. per p n-ket ; tubers, 4s., 8.>-., 9s., and I3s. per dozen. Doubles, magnitii enl forms ami hues— seed, 2s. tW. per pai ket , . L5*., 20*., and 3t)s per do/en. Centaurea .-,1,-1, dissima, charming silyerj foliage, 3s, per dozen. Lobelias Uternantheras, Iresines, ana other bedding ety,at2i fia'.perdozen. Alsoa large number of beautiful Carpel Bedding Plants. See Catalogue, fr.-.-. i l [BRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham im.l Man, h.-.i.-r. To the Trade. F I. UN'S -FERNS— FERNS.— In twenty most sable sorts— ADIA NT I'M CUNE4.TTJM, PoLYPO- DIUMS, CYKTOMII'MS, PTKRIS, &c.,at 12s. per 100, packed free for cash. PTEKIS CRETICA CRLSTATA. few other kinds from stores, 6s. per 100. 50s. per 1000. -I. .SMITH. London I ,-rn Nurseries, 1 in. Loughborough Road, Brixton, S.W. E\)RBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' -L FLOWERS for 1690— (116 pages), irgest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of ties of Floruits' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month ol Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mass of other useful information indispensable to all who would excel in ,1 ion of Flowers. Hi is Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the bands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. SAMUEL SHEPPERSON. Florist and Seedsman, PROSPECT HOUSE, BELPER, DERBYSHIRE, Begs to inform the readers of this Paper that he is pre- pared to execute Orders for the following Plants, all of which areofthe viry finest strains that money can buy. They have all beengrown on the Derbyshire hills, and are hardy and strong. Carriage free. Cash icith order. Descriptive LIST, id. : free to customers. CHRYSANTHEMUMS.— Special culture, not a collection of old-fashioned sorts, but the cream only of the best English, French, American, and Japanese raisers, in- cluding the very latest novelties. Good weil-rooted plants, 12 for 2s. ; 25 for 3s. 6d.. warranted true to name; 12 varieties, all new , if l*ss and 1889, for is. PA X SIES.— A great Specialty. Five Silver Cups, and other Prizes. The cream only of the most noted raisers, the latest new sorts, and the winners at all the great shows. Good plants, correctlv named, Show or Fancy, 12 for 3s.. 25 for 5s. 6rf.. free. Also Seed. Is. and J.-, fjri perpkt. PHLOX, special culture, the cream only from Downie, Laird & Sons, Kelwav. Ware, and other first- class growers. Six fine varieties for 2s.. 12 for 3s., true to Strong stools, to blot pARNATIONS, PICOTEES, and CLOVES.— \J Strong layers, to bloom well, finest named varieties, 12 distinct colours for 4s., 25 for 7s. 6d. Also Seed. Is. and 2s. Gd. per ] (^ANTERBURVTll.l I- i ,, and new colours V_/ and new forms; double and single, telescopes, cup and eaucer. and other varieties. 12 plants to bloom well. Is. G.f. ; 25, 2s. 6d. Also Seed. &f. and Is. per packet. -T^E BEAUTIFUL PURE- VVIllTK and -■- PINK MALVA MOSCHATA, one of the best hardy border I cultivation. Strong 2-year old plants, 12 Ibl 25 for 2s. 8d. ; also Seed. Ad. and Is. per packet. OLLYHOCKS.— Warranted all fine double H r in. Strong war old plants to bloom well. 12 varieties .is. ; >; varieties, 2*. P'M.VAXTnUS and PRIMROSE.— Hybrids, splendid mixed colours finest strain grown, 19 for l - i 23 for 2$. M. ; 100.9*, all good dooming plant-. Also Seed, •i l. and i ■., per packet. YACINTHUS CANDICANS.- A reall;, Gne "■I stately hardy white-flowered border plant. Six iik Bulbs for Is. Bo.. 1.' fur . !I lln-.v I )l I PHINI1 M- En .11 the i olours founcTin plants to bloom «. for it id,, free Also ■ Ij\)XGLOVES. Gloxinia flowered. Dean's grand new large sj hits varieties 1.' for kls-i Seed, i cw EETL^ -SCENTED; I'l RE SNOW- 1 ~ VVIIITK 1 12 tor l •■/ . 24 for2«. Ad. CIRN \Tlu.\s, PICO! EES, and CLOVES. ■ irieties only, m eluding many new s<,rt-; 13 beautiful varieties toi 1/AM 1 PANSIES. Unnamed, 12 for U.9d.; • 111 differenl m 'Till- M.w l :i.i: SCARLET GEUM, I ' !-,- free bloOmer, -fr,,i,,' I n .. war-old plants, 12 tor v W. iiii-I 1 per paik.-l. ADRIC1 I. A (AJpint's). A splendid r,,||,-,- tion to bloom "ell. m inches in height, and pro- duces immense trusses at the point of every Bhoot. The colour blue, an, I quite distinct from any we have vet seeu, and farexcels all other kinds in every respect. Price, 6s. per dozen, '40s. per 100. V i:w DOUBLE PELARGONIUM, •A." "GOLDEN ACRE GEM." This beautiful and unique variety is being .mi ,,u! by us this ■ he first time, and being fully convinced oi its exi el- . . we have every conti.l.-n.-.' in iiiirn.lihiiig ii, i,,.i novelty but as a most useful variety for cut flowers ibli . pure white, and well formed, the roll's « i green with abroad margin of ailver-y-white. it oossessea n very compact habit, throwing up imme Ims.is ».'!' above Ihe foliage, is a prof use bloomer, a good grower, end , variety that «ill become a great favourite for cut flower ; nr'hise-. Plants, Is. 6d. each, 15i per dozen IRELAN D & fTTo MSON, MURSERY1IEN, EDINBURGH. CLIBRAN'S 1,|:i;in flowers, n- y„u UUIUIIHIi U „„,, a BnIqm |irrny of Mooiii]) (ry our Coll ,i --I Hi rbaceous Plants. No botanical weeds, but each plum distinct and beautiful, 1-' rare., 3«., 4«., and 6s.; 50 in SOvars., 16s and 20 ; i 100,30s and I3». The "Iris i.'ii.-.-ii," Iril ochroleucs Mir gigantes lines! by far of all tie Iris i .mi. |> robusl habit, 6 feel high, enormous lovely white blc is, will grow in any ordinary soil, 2s each, is.,-, per .'o/en. Foxgloves, white and spotted; Lupinus, blue and white, each \.ir :<*, p.-r ili,/, S.-e Catalogue. CLIBRAN. Oldfield Nurseries, Allrin, ham and Manchester. KELWAY'S COLD MEDAL C'S") SPECIALTIES. GLADIOLI, P.KiiMKS, PYRETHRtlMS, GAILLARDIAS. DELPHINIUMS, &e. CATALOGUES now ready, gratis and post -free, ciiiliiiiiiiig Priced nnd Descriptive Lists of all our Specialties for I8H0, and everything needful for Ihe Garden. LANGPORT, SOMERSET. CHEAP OFFEB, of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. INSPIRATION of LEASE.— A Large (Juan- -i tity of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS to be BOLD CHEAP, owing to the above cause. Full particulars on application to The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Ltd., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Pare ton, near KveTpOol. FERNS a SPECIALITY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting collection in She i rude. L400 species and varieties of stove, BrreeohOABe uud hardy Ferns. Partially Descriptive Catalogue, incliuling com- preheiuive l>ist of useful Gardening Books, freeon application. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on thecultivationof Ferns, OneShili.in(, and SiXr'KNCK, post-free. S. SHEPPERSON, Florist, BELPER. W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. 508 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 26, 1890. DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH, BEG to offer the following from their splendid Collection of Choice Named FLORISTS' FLOWERS, &c, all guaranteed true to name, and sent Carriage Free at price* quoted : — Per doz. Chrysanthemums. —Strong rooted cuttings from s. d. our hue collection of Japauese and Incurved varieties per 100, 16s. 2 6 „ Extra choice sorts per 100, 21s. 3 6 ,, Six superb new Japanese, including Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, 7s. id. Fuchsias.— Single and Double-flowered. All the most beautiful sorts. Nice young plants from single pots ... 6 for 2s. 3 6 ,, Extra choice sorts 6 for 2s. Gd. 4 6 ,, Four superb new varieties, including Countess of Aberdeen. 5s. 6rf. Pelargoniums. — All autumn struck, well-rooted young plants from single pots : — ,, Single flowered Zonal, from our magnifi- cent collection, including the newest and most beautiful sorts 6 for 2s. Gd. 4 6 ,, Extra choice and new varieties ... 6 for 3s. 6d. 6 U eties of 1889 (Pearson's .id. Double-flowered Zonal. A splendid clasi of highly improved varieties. Fine named sorts, our selection 6 for 2s. ." - per bus. Circular, with testimonials. Post Free. . DICKSONS ieewd„^hr„t3CHESTER. V & Nurserymen, SUTTON'S FLORIST'S FLOWERS. The Best Strains in existence. Per Packe t SUTTON'S SUPERB PRIMDLA 3/6 SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA 5/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PERFECTION CALCEOLARIA 6/- and 3 6 SUTTON'S PRIZE GLOXINIA 6/- and 2/6 SUTTON'S PRIZE BEGONIA 6/- and 2/6 FREE BY POUT. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON & SONS. RE ADING. CLIBRANS A GAY GREENHOUSE. Ivy- leaved Geraniums, beautiful sorts, 4s. per dozen; Double Geraniums, 4s., 6s., and 9j. per dozen; Zonal and Nosegay, splendid sorts for blooming this summer, or for growing on to bloom next winter, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen. Pelargoi.iums, show, fancy, or large-flowered, to bloom shortly, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Bouvardias, small stuff for growing on, 4s. per dozen. Coleus, 12 sorts. 3s. Lantanas. 12 sorts. 2s. 6d. Tropteolums, 6 sorts, 2s. 12 beautiful distinct Greenhouse Flowering Plants. 9s., 12s., and 18s. 6 lovely (lowering Green- house Climbers, 6s. or 9s. Calla ffithiopica, all sizes, 9a1., Is., and Is. 6(/. each. 12 Succulent", 4s. and 6s. See List, free. CLIKKAN, Oldfield Nurseries. Altrincham and Manchester. l^Y /"\ \RT (and when the plants have 1\ V_/ W commenced to grow) is an excellent time to plant HOLLIES, CONI- FERS, YEWS, and almost all EVER- GREEN SHRUBS, also A*PARAGUS (strong 1-yr. roots, 2s. 6orls. RICHARD SMITH & CO., NURSERYMEN and SEED MERCHANTS, WORCESTER, CANNELL'S BEGONIAS Have for the last three Seasons carried off all the First Frizes at the London great Shows ; at the liotanic, April 23, far distancing all previous exhibits. Q6?eine arid E KHALI B I l; B I T. I I 99 WeCande^n^1 HIGHLY CONCENTRATED MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER For us.' in the CONSERA ATORY, GREENHOUSE and VINERY; 1 LOW ER and KITCHEN GARDENS, the HOP-YARD, and the ORCHARD. / s*. DISTRIBUTOR for "Perfect" Weed Killer. Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-iron frame-work neatly painted. Gal- vanized tubes with tap to regulate flow. Gives spray "'1 ins wide. r, :, 8 64 net "" r\\\ Glasgow. Shi ■ Mim i niniri:-: The HORTICULTURAL & AGRICULTURAL CH:MICAL COY- Works : 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. Principal Agento; m.ACKLF.Y. vol Ni; am. CO., 103, Holm street. Glasgow. NOTICE. - nv.'ri..-i« ">, >< ■■■d.-ur Worksat Tonbridge, Kent. but remmedthem ■ GLASGOW » ./ iry.1887, tines which ONLY ADDRESS i ' " GLASGOW. SOLD bv SEEDSMEN rnd FLORISTS. ^W(^>*r8Krtv>l>ii>licntion, post-free. Price free ■ ■" rail, al Sheffield, I3f. per cwt., or 7s. per 58 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gus Company, Sheffield Stable HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING!!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, Ac. largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. Have the BOILERS of the la PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATINC CEAR ahd VALVES. event of a Pipe requiring to bo replaced in the Patent Hori/.ont:il TiihuUr H iler. an arrang.-mfnt tin been perfected whereby - without IriM ntT**H«*itv nf riisturbi ni; ih.1 brickwOTJ Mttiflff, ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. I*. PRICE LIST EREE. UPPER GROUND STREET, BLACKFRIARS, TelegTaphlc Address "BOT-WATF.R. London " Telephone, No. 4T63. lay be effected in the course o( u few minutes,, LONDON, S.E 510 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [April 26, 1890. ORCHID EXHIBITION. One of the most beautiful sight 's in London. ORCHIDS .— The Orchid Ex- hibition at Mb. William Bull's Estab- lishment for New and Hare Plants, 536, King's Koad, Chelsea, London, S.W., will OPEN on THURSDAY, MAY 1, 10 to 6 o'Clock. Admission, 2s, 6i. QRCHIDS.— A vision of love- liness unparalled in Europe. QRCHIDS .— " A scene of the greatest Orchidio beauty, baffling descrip- tion, and defying exaggeration." Orc H IDS.— The Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr. William Pull's Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Hants, 536, KINO'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. ROSES IN POTS FOR SPRING PLANTING. WM. PAUL §■ SON have a very fine stock of the above, for which they solicit Orders at the folio win r/ Prices : — LEADING HYBRID PERPETUAL, TEA-SCENTED, and other varieties in 5-inch (48-sized) pots, 9s. to 15s. per dozen ; £3 10s. to £"6 per 100. HYBRID PERPETUALS, in 8-inch (24-sized) pots, 24s. to 30s. per dozen. CLIMBING VARIETIES, in 5-inch pots, 10s. 6d. to 15s. per dozen; in 8-inch pots, 30s. per dozen. „ „ MARECHAL NIEL and GLOIRE DE DIJON, a to 10 feet shoots, in 8-inch pots, 3s. dd. to 5s. each. ROSES IN POTS FOB GREENHOUSE CULTIVATION. H.P. TEA-SCENTED, and others, in 5-inch pots, 12s. to 18s. per dozen ; in 8-inch pots, 30s. to 42s. per dozen ; Larger Plants, 5s. to 7s. 6d. each. HALF-SPECIMEN and SPECIMEN PLANTS, the largest and finest stock in the country, 10.s. 6d. to 63s. each. »,» These are of magnificent effect in the Greenhouse or Conservatory when in bloom. Also a fine stock of GRAPE VINES (fruiting and planting canes), LAPAGERIAS, HARDY CLIMBING PLANTS in pots, RHODODENDRONS, and other EVERGREENS f r present planting. Priced LISTS Free. WM. PAUL & SON, Rose Growers by appointment to Her Majesty the Queen, PAULS' NURSERIES, WALTHAM CROSS, HERTS. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. April 26, 1890.] THE GARDE XE I? S ' CHE 0 NICE E. 511 SILVER MEDAL and 20 CERTIFICATES of MERIT awarded to W. WOOD & SON for their CELEBRATED SPE- CIALTIES, so much appreciated by leading Gardeners and Exhibitors. CHOICE ORCHID PEAT. £5SJ£s for use ; no waste whatever, the finest quality e\ er seen, 12s. cask. Selected Turves. 10s. cask. For Hardwooded and Stove Plants. Selected Turves, 8s. cask. For General Use and Ferns, special low prices. Carriage paid to any station at the reduced rates. Special Offer for general use, Loose Peat. " LE FRUITIER." The PerfeFc0t01don ot plant This is the Celebrated Fruit and Vine Fertilizer as recognised by the Grape Growers for Market and Exhibition, The only Manure sold under Dr. Voelcker & Foil's Guaranteed Analysis, -howing 100 parts. Tins, Is. 3d. ; 7 lb., •!-*.; A cwt., 10$. ; cwt., L9a\ LIQUID MANURE POWDER. The Exhibi- developinglo the lii^he-t perftctiOD inFtliage, Flowers, and Fruits. I Without. J'r zee taken ;ill over the kingdom with the use of this Manure. Tins, ]>■. tyj. ; 7 11'., 3*.; ] cwt., L3*.; cwt., 25*. fertilizing moss. 'yh,:::r^T?t moat ol the Intell gaol PI ml 3i iwi rs in 1 with wonderful - Bags, 1 1. and 2e\ 1.7. ; per bush., SPECIAL LAWN TENNIS MANURE. I-".-, per owt "ELECTRIC" WEED DESTROYER. t, in labour. S Tertiinouiiils from all parts to lbs wonderful n, Each gallon to be mixed with 2 Single gal., 2*. j 5 gals., 1*. 9d. ; U y r gallon. A NOVELTY. BAMBOO LADDERS, v strung, light, durable, and n m iri 9 fi , §i( Gd. ; l I ft., L0». 6d. eaoh. THE EVERLASTINC UMBRELLA STICKS. These are clean, dark and meal durable und five times thai ol wood. 3 ft, 8 in., l«. fid. per 100 ; 36«. per 1000. • IK 1- \M SUPERIOR QUALITY BAMBOO CANES. Of all ia rhil ering moal luting. .11 ft. t ft. 5ft. 6ft. ; u ■J t; 3 6 1/6 7 6 - 6 9 6 1 1 per 100. A few 1000 ol ruperioi Canes, \ Feel long, 12», per IU0 lOsKs.. 8 8; 20 ski 15 ; truokloadof 2tons,28s WOOD & SONS OTHER SPECIALTIES can be relied upon ai the best of their kind. Insect i. idea. " knnlhilal ir," Liquid " rbanato i. •• DUPLEX " ORCHID ln^ki I - I IWN SAND, " rlOURRITUBE."The Combination, See., &r. Send ar Price List. 1 i r raided grali ,oui in en rtin t \ am; hletonl W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., SPECIALISTS in Manures, and Horticultural SundriesmeD, Contractoi to Ser Maji ty Government, Royal Parks and Gardens, Import and Export, Continent and Colonies, WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. S< ■ Edition. iVoio ready (832 pp.), vitamer 1100 Illustra ■■ . eo, 15s. post-fret, 15s. 6d. ENGLISH FLOWER CAROEN. Style, Position and Arrangement. SOME OPINIONS of the PRESS. Saturday Review. "The heal of .ill modern wort ... The . • I ributable to the admina i forma the first portion of this book. . . . The more it is consulted. Ihe ■ ( rt Journal. "This • ■ ■ D ■ ondemna ten tin tion of many kin Ired bereaiea. The inn in portion of the work, i-ement of till the Mil 1 I ■ they an be." ■ ol garden- ing whoa The Guardian. T more than a quarter of a century tifto a i with as Uriel warrior by the [e, to wbtoh he . . | r ■ ■ ■ | I i i '.a ered with ewi la and gol ■ • lot r, ibi nntrue to her vows.' She exchanged hei ill* >- and cool ■.■ I walk-* ami'! the shrubberies m which she roved Ln maiden o i, and heard the mellow ouzel fl i , ■ t ii ■ ir ., erowna, Mfalteai • .Iceolariaa (purple and gold, I I Qeranium, ■ 1 1 pet \\ as to be re produci-d «jn ihe lawn; the to Learn his art from the ko LalmmniiH, Lilacs, 8j ringas, Almonds, Bosea, Berberis, Lanrnstlnna, wenl adred (ale m hich writes this paper graa] ; . . , and grand a i dingy, in i om parieon with these new ■■-. ere dug up and we were to have three months < I i ■. hen i he froai came, :i shabby, Sowerlean beds bare and brow a. The Catherine wheels and otbei firewoi i charred 1 of el liable i i ,.'■!..., i ii ■ ' ■ . i ■ dream. \Vh. a this new ad when I : their Gillyflowers, their i i ■ make n om for b few of ighl I om the gardi m i ai stween Floi I sbrated wnh universal joy. and the 'tab! groaned with the weight of the- feast, and the bell of the castle atl ■ ippeared tb< Nemesis of retribution, tbi ghost of Alonito— Alonzo by William Robjnaou, i — i i i v an escort of avenging spectn Hi refei oed vi itfa its bee u I truthful illn ii .f ■ rtanl and iosti ui I .. | . ■ flo] New Edition, THE COTTAGERS CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Pries 3d., Post-free Sirf. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready. In cloth, lis. 6d. •THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, * Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. (i5ardenenr((lltronicle. 8 I TURBA V, APRIL 26, L890. London: JOHN MURRAY, and of all Bookeellers. I COLOURING OF GRAPES. OOME experiments recorded by M. Laurent k in .1 communication to the Botanical Society "f Belgium are bo interesting to Grape growers, that we deem it well to bring them to the notice of our readers. Light, as is well Known, is essential to the for- of chlorophyll or green oolouring matter, but the oolour of flowers is Irss directly influ- em i '1 bj light, as, if tin- Sower is sufficiently nourished, it may be, and often is, produ i independently of it. This nourishment may I"' Btored up, as in the bulb coats of a Hyacinth, oi the bark of a Lilac, for instance, or it may be formed in the adjacent leaves shortly before the flowering period. In any case, although the oolour of flowers may not I"- directly the result of solar light, it is indirectly. This may be shown by arresting leaf-action, placing Ihe leaves in the dark] while the flowers are exposed to the light, or, as practised I ■ \- M. Laurent, bj "ringing" the base of the stall* supporting the Mowers, so as to arrest, the llou of nutriment to the flowers. In either case, although the flowers are exposed to the light, thej are deformed and deficient in colour. The action "f light in colouring fruits is well known and curious illustrations of it are afforded when an Apple, for instance, has been surrounded while grmving by a net, the net-work is clearly marked on the ripe fruit, the position of the threads being marked by imperfectly coloured hue,, while the interspaces to which access of light is not prevented, are brightly coloured, But while this is the rule in many cases, it is not so in all. The berries of the Berberis, of the Hawthorn, and of some black Grapes, colour as well when shaded by the foliage as in full sun- light, temperature and other conditions being equal, So that there are two sorts of colouring matter in fruit, the one directly influenced I light, the other only indirectly so, as is the ease in flowers, 512 THE GARDENERS1 CHRONICLE. [April 26, 1890. M. Laurent's experiments have been made, in the School of Horticulture at Vilvorde, on some Black Hamburgh Grapes (Frankenthal). Two bunches were, when the berries were of the. size of Peas, placed in cardboard boxes blackened on the outside, and allowed to remain therein till the berries were ripe, when it was found that there was no difference either in colour or flavour in the berries so treated and those on the same Vine grown in the ordinary way. To show that in this experiment the berries received an adequate food supply from the leaves and con- sequently coloured well, M. Laurent experi- mented by cutting off the food-supply, by means of the ringing process, from four bunches on the same day that the other bunches were placed in the dark boxes. Two rings of bark, each about a quarter of an inch in depth were taken from the Vine, one just above, the other just below the point whence the stalk of the bunch originated, so that the bunch was, in fact, isolated. Of the four bunches so treated two were placed in darkened boxes, two others remained exposed to the light. When the crop was ripe, the bunches which had been subjected to the double process of ringing and of removal from the light— those, in fact, in which access of food was quite prevented— remained green or only slightly coloured, deficient in size, and acid in flavour. The two bunches which had been subjected to the ringing process, but which were exposed to the light, produced berries nearly of the normal size, some reddish, others green ; the flavour was acid, especially in those that remained green. These experiments were repeated during three successive years, and with the same general results, save that if the berries were allowed to get too large before the experiments were made, they coloured even after ringing and when placed in the dark, so that the experiment should in all cases be made when the berries are quite small, and contain but little nutritive matter. The colouring matter of Grapes may then be formed in the absence of light, provided a sufficient supply of nourishment be forthcoming, but if this supply be arrested, then the colour remains imperfect. The red colouring matter of Vines contains, according to Glenard, 57 per cent, of carbon, 48 of hydro- gen, 37'8 of oxygen, corresponding to the chemical formula, C;H20— that is to say, to a body less rich in oxygen and hydrogen than the sugars, CH206, 0"H»0». It may, there- fore, be surmised that the. colouring matter of grapes arise from a dehydration of glucose during the last period of maturation. If this be so then the want of colour and sweetness in Grapes may be due to defective nutrition, due to overcropping, to imperfect exposure to light, and to shanking. Under each of these circumstances the Grapes do not receive a full supply of sugary food, and the colouring matter is diminished in proportion. M. Laurent's conclusions will be accepted by practical men, but they will regret with us that he has not apparently given sufficient attention to the influence of temperature. New or Noteworthy Plants. DENDROBIUM ATROVIOLACEUM, Bolfe.n.sp* This is another very distinct and pretty Dendro- bium, introduced from Eastern New Guinea by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, and perhaps the handsomest of the set to which it belongs. It is allied to D. macrophyllum, A. Rich., often known in gardens as D. Veitchianum, but differing in the brighter colours and in the absence of the curious hairiness of that species. A plant of it (probably the first that has flowered in Europe) was exhibited at the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on April 8 last, and was awarded a Botanical Certificate by the Scientific Committtee (vide Gard. Chron., April 12, p. 463). The materials from which the annexed description was made are, a single pseudobulb bearing a six-flowered raceme, and a leaf from another plant. The flowers are 2 inches across, creamy-yellow, and elegantly spotted, while the lip is remarkable for its deep violet colour, in reference to which the name is given. My own impression is that the plant will improve much when it becomes established, for it must be remembered that these flowers were produced after the fatigues of a long and tedious journey, during which the plants lost their leaves. I believe Messrs. Veitch have imported a number of plants, if. A. Bol/e. beneath with soft and silky white hairs. The flowers are Malva-like, 1} inch across, white with a crimson blotch at the base of the column formed by the purple stamens and green stigma. M. erythroxylon is the redwood of St. Helena, where it formed a tree 20 feet high, and bears large tubular flowers, which were white when they first expanded, changing to piuk, and finally to red. This species is now rare in the island, for, according to Melliss, there were not more than seventeen or eighteen plants of it in St. Helena when he wrote. Mr. Morris, who visited this island in 1883, brought home seeds of this plant, and from these the Kew plants were raised. W. W. Finsbury Square Pavilion.— The committee of the inhabitants of Finsbury Square have accepted a design by Messrs. Crompton & Eawkes, horti- cultural builders, Chelmsford, for a pavilion for the centre of the square. The building will be 24 feet by 18 feet, and about 40 feet high, cruciform, with ornamental gables facing four ways, and surmounted by an octagon lantern in which a clock with four dials will probably be placed at some future time. The base will be of red rubbed brickwork, and the sides of glass for the remainder of the height. The roof will be covered with red tiles. It is intended to open the building during the first week in June. All the details have been designed by Mr. Fawkes. A SURVIVOR. Some time since we had an opportunity of figuring, as the latest of its race, the sole tree in St. Helena of Rsiadia rotundifolia. Now we are enabled, thanks to the authorities at Kew, to illustrate a plant once common in St. Helena, but now extinct there, and only latterly discovered in cultivation owing to its having been grown under an inappropriate name. Melhania melanoxylon (fig. 81) is one of the many plants of the Island of St. Helena, which, according to Melliss, Morris, and Hemsley, have become extinct there. Two species of Melhania were included in the flora of the island, namely, the above and M. erythroxylon ; they are both in cul- tivation at Kew, where a small plant of the first- named is now flowering in the T range. A figure of this species will be found at t. 1000 of the Botanical Magazine under the erroneous name of Pentapetes erythroxylon. According to Melliss, who figures both species in his Plants of St. Helena, M. melanoxylon was found near the coast at mode- rate altitudes, where the weather-beaten stems are still found embedded in the soil. He says—" I believe it to be now extinct. The last plant I saw was a small one growing in the garden at Dakbank, about twenty-five years ago ; but it is not there now, and I have searched the whole island over for another, but in vain." This was written fifteen years ago. The wood is known as native ebony, and it i6 black, very hard, heavy, and brittle. This plant once formed a considerable portion of the vegetation of the island. It forms a compact, shrubby tree, with ovate-acuminate slightly-toothed leaves," 2 inches long, dark green above, covered * Dendrobium atrmiolacenm, n. sp.— Pseudobulb a little over a foot long, slender below, § inch thick above, with numerous furrows. Leaf ovate oblong, obtusely bidentate, leathery, dark green, 5 inches long by 2± inches broad. Raceme subterminal. erect, 3 inches long, with a few small sheathing bracts near base, six-flowered. Flowering bracts ovate, acute, 2| lines long. Pedicels 1J inch long, as well as peduncle and bracts of a very pale green. Flowers 2| inch across, the segments widely spreading. Sepal, ovate- lanceolate, acute, cream-yellow, with a faint suffusion of light green, and numerous dusky-brown and purple spots. Petals cuneate-obovate, acute. £ inch across, less spotted than sepals, but otherwise similar. On the exterior of the segments the spots are more purple-brown. Lip three-lobed ; side lobes incurved and broadly rounded, deep violet-purple inside, with a few radiating paler lines near margin, green outside, with a large dark violet irregular blotch on either side, and a broad hand on the front margin of a brighter shade ; front lobe reflexed. ovate, acute, its margins incurved, inside dark violet-purple, with narrow green margin and a few radiating lines of .*ame colour, outside light green, with a very few dark violet spots; disc consisting of a pair of pallid raised plates near the base, which unite, and then extend to base of front lobe as a single blunt fleshy keel. Column very short, pale greenish-white, almost suffused with crimson purple on front face. Roses. UNDERGROUND ROSE BUDDING. This interesting means of propagation is but little understood and practised by amateurs, and it is more than probable that not a few pretty successful rosarians may never have heard of it, and yet it seems reasonable to assume that if Rose buds root so freely on foster stems or branches ; they may also be made to root in the ground. During the process of rooting, Rose buds need but little help whatever they may require afterwards. During the process of " taking," as the union of scion and stock is technically called by Rose growers, the stock is virtually passive. The chief aid the bud deside- rates during the process of union is a moist medium and a growing temperature, and these two mechanical conditions are as easily com- manded through the soil as through the tissues or sap of the plants of Roses or of Briars. Hence it ought to be as easy a matter to root Rose bads through the soil as through other plants. And it is, and yet it is not. Nor is this diverse answer so paradoxical as it seems ; so very much of success or failure turns on the time of budding. The majority of those who try the rooting of Rose buds in the earth in the spring have probably failed ; and yet never do Rose buds look more tempting and full of self-contained life than through February, March, and April. Branchlets, even flower-buds in embryo, are already in the buds, whose base swells out into something like a natural callus, as the embryo shoot develops itself. What an attractive and tempting condition for the skilful cultivator deftly to transfer the bud from mother Rose to mother earth. This has been done thousands of times, with such uncertain success as hardly to invite repetition, and yet the causes of complete or partial failure are by no means obvious. They are largely hidden away under such convenient phrases as season and sap, and both, no doubt, have much to do with the failure to root Rose buds in the soil in the spring. Never- theless, it having been done, the practical question for amateurs is whether, considering the low per- centage of success, in this mode and time of propa- gation, it is worth the candle. An emphatic positive answer would at once be given to this question, were it not for this double answer, that Rose buds may more readily and more certainly be rooted in the earth in July, and that spring buds may more swiftly be converted into Rose bushes as scions than in the form of buds. The first step to success, then, in this method of striking Rose cuttings in the earth is their selection at the right season. This extends from June to August, according to site, soil, climate, &c. July, as a rule, will furnish the best buds. Choose only such as would be used for the budding of Briars ; manipulate them exactly in the same way, with these two very important exceptions — leave the base leaf and the half or a quarter of the wood under the bud intact ; in other words, cut the Rose-shoot away under the bud as for budding, but leave the wood intact under the bark. Different propagators prefer different proportions of wood left under the bark, but all agree in cuttiDg a half or thereabouts of the circumference of the wood away, so as to expose the edges of the bark to the soil. Some make a point of retaining all the pith, others of cutting right through it. and others still of Aphil 26, 1890.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 513 cutting it clean out, leaving about a quarter section of the wood intact. The amount of wood left is not material to success ; neither does it greatly matter whether the ends of the bud section are wedge- shaped, or left nearly square, as an axe-head, but as the thin edges are of no mechanical use in this mode of bud-rooting in the soil, and may tend to an undue attenuation of vital force, more wood and bark may be left towards the end of those earth- safety, such buds mostly remain on the rooting pans for some little time after rooting, it is customary to use an inch or so of the usual mixture of loam, peat, leaf-mould, and sand over the drainage, and to surface all with another inch of clean silver-sand, and this, by watering and compression, should be made as firm and hard as practicable. A day or more after the final matting, the pans or pots will be in the best condition for use. - Fig. 81. — MBLHAK1A MKlaKoxylos, THE BLACKWOOD or ST. hki.kna, now EXTINCT, (sek p. 613.) buds than in ordinary buds. By cutting these ends aquare down, more bark will also be placed in contact with the soil, than if the bud sections were " slivered off." Though the character and manipulation of earth Hose buds have been described lirst, yet suitable pre- paration for the reception of the buds must precede their propagation. Well-drained shallow pans, the drainage covered with cocoa libre refuse or leaf- mould filled or surfaced with clean silver-sand, form as good a striking medium for Uose buds as any other compost. Though for convenience, as well as The moment the buds are manipulated into ahape insert them slightly in the sand, the surface of the bark being barely covered ; the growing ends of the buds may incline a little higher than the base ends. This is easily managed by beginning at one side of the pan, and pointing all the buds in one direction. This simple detail also imparta greater stability to the buds, a point of considerable importance towards rendering them immovable during their first stages. The buds may be placed as closely together as their leaves will permit, sprinkle lightly overhead as soon as the pan or pot is filled, and cover at once with a bell-glass, and place the pots in a close pit or frame, and shade from bright sunshine. Care must be taken not to overwater the buds. If the pots or pans are sufficiently moist, a swill overhead may suffice ; or if more water is given, the buds should be left for a hour or so, for the surface of the leaves to become nearly dry before the bell-glass is put on. The best and safest mode is to have the rooting material in perfect condition as to moisture before inserting the eyes, as any excess of watering over- head after insertion is apt to displace the eyes as well as to saturate or sour the compost. The time of rooting depends greatly on the degree of heat applied. A close frame, pit, or house will provide sufficient warmth under skilful management. But a slight addition of bottom and surface heat will hasten the rooting process. The latter, however, must not be carried to excess, nor greatly exceed from GO3 to 70u at the utmost. Good culture consists in preserving the leaves on the buds until the latter are callused or rooted. Little water or air will be needed until this takes place ; but the leaves must on no account be allowed to flag for lack of water or any excess of sunshine until roots and fruit growths appear. Then remove the bell glasses, tentatively at night at first, then for a few hours during sunshine, and finally wholly, so soon as the buds have rooted into plants. Caution should be exercised as to potting the buds off singly, or failure may tread swiftly on the heels of success. Some pot Hose buds off singly so soon as callused. This plan is safe and good if wisely followed; the wisdom chiefly consisting in placing the buds in bottom beat, and getting them to push forth roots. But where it is resolved to proceed more slowly, no buds should be shifted until well furnished with roots. Some even prefei win- tering their earth buds in the pots or pans in which they were rooted, and this is doubtless the safest course to pursue unless the single plants are well rooted before winter. For much soil and few roots in a i; )se or any other flower pot is the surest possible preparation for a good and safe passage through our changeable winter. Rosa, MR. MARRIOTT'S GARDKN, COVENTRY. Mh. Aujicuman James Maeriott's specimen stove and greenhoute plants are well-known at the flower shows of Shrewsbury, Reading, and other places, and his collection of Orchids has a name in the Mid- lands. About t'we minutes' walk from the Coventry station is the Grosvenor Koad, and here is Mr. Marriott's garden, which is about an acre in extent, and mostly covered with glass. The Orchids are numerous, many of them very tine specimens. There was, at the time of my visit, a plant of Lycaste Skinneri alba with three fine blooms, averaging 6| inches across— a very fine variety indeed, with a bright lemon lip. Another gem in flower was Dendrobium Brymerianum, also Atiridescrassifolium iu a hanging basket, bright rosy-pink, and very fragrant. Odontoglossum maculatum was repre- sented in several varieties, two being of great beauty. Cypripedium bellatulum and C. niveum were noted in bloom. Cudogyne ocellata maxima is another little gem. Other species in flower were Cymbidium Lowianum, a grand pyramidal mass of Dendrobium Devonianum in a hanging pan, Dendrobium Ward- ianum ; a fine variety of Dendrobium nobile, with an intense rich deep violet spot on the lip; fine specimens of Oncidium sphacelatum, Cypripedium villosum.and Duilia anceps alba, but this last not in bloom. Mr. Finch, as Orchid grower, manages his plants intel- ligently and well, and has a name as a cultivator of specimen exhibition plants. There are now in the houses a number of plants which have been at rest and are now preparing for their round of work at the coming flower shows— Dipladenias, Crotons, Ixoras — amongst them a grand I. Williamsii ; Allamandas, Franciseas, Kon- deletias, and othera, A specimen Clivea miniata 514 THE GA BDEXE I? & CHI? ONI ( 'L E. [April 20, 18S0. has furnished sixty-two fine heads of flowers, and some are now on the plant. Anthuiiums are well done here, and an A. Kothschildianum now in flower is very beautiful, so distinct and exquisitely spotted. As cut flowers are wanted to so great an extent here, Mr. Finch was strongly recommended to grow Psycotria jasminiflora, a plant that is worthy of the attention of market growers, as it produces freely its corymbs of waxy, white jasmine-like flowers. One remarkable feature in the Grosvenor Road is a low span-roofed house, 46 feet long and 12 feet wide, for growing Ericas, and here are to be found many veteran plants of leading species, and young plants in good condition coming on. Grapes and Melon-growing, as well as plant cultivation, are good all round. W. D. VAGARIES OF VARIATION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BRITISH FERNS. (Continued from p. 480.) Is Polysticbum angulare many of the markedly abnormal forms revert temporarily to the normal if the plant be shifted or allowed to get out of condi- tion, and sometimes even lose their abnormal cha- racter permanently. Such plants, however, even at their best, generally show traces of irregularity, and hence are not quite parallel cases to the Lastrea above cited, which, large as it was, was perfect in every way. In 1888 I found at Clovelly a very remarkable example of extreme variation in an otherwise normal plant of P. angulare, one frond of which was divided near the base into three, each division dividing again and again until the frond formed a broad trian- gular fan of no less than 15 branches, several of the extreme points being furthermore tipped with finely fimbriated tassels. The remaining fronds were quite common, save that one was split near the apex. On taking up the plant, the debris of a solitary fansbaped frond of similar widely abnormal character was found among the fronds of the previous season. Though it was not ascertained that the two abnormal fronds sprang from the same part of the caud»x, there seems a probability in this case that one portion of the crown varied from the rest, in which case should the crown divide by simple fissure, or a bud at the base of the abnormal frond produce an offset, a constant thorough variety might thus be produced, or spores from the abnormal frond — which in this case was barren — might yield a like result. The recurrence of such a very abnormal frond is the interesting feature here, seeming to indicate a transition state of some sort. On the opposite side of the road, and within 50 yards of this plant, I espied another P. angulare bearing a frond with a neatly tasselled apex, and pinna; dilated at their tips ; a second frond showed this latter feature only, accompanied by a few depauperate pinna;. On taking up this plant, I found it to be unmistakably an offset of a large coarse growing plant with truncate fronds, but otherwise normal. Under cultivation the offset produced normal fronds with one exception, which bore a much divided apical tassel. The parent stock, on the other hand, threw up non-truncate fronds with abnormally long basal pinna), in one frond indeed these were equal in size to the re8t of the much reduced frond, forming a sort of trident. Here we obviously have a struggle between normal and ab- normal elements which, through spores or bud?, might produce strongly marked and possibly constant varieties. On two occasions also, it has been my lot to find absolutely distinct varieties growing side by side. In the one case a dwarf depauperate, but constant form of the rarely sportive Lastrea montana, its immediate neighbour being a robust form of Blechnum spicant, with confluent and cruciate pinna; towards the apex of all the fronds, many of which were more- over once divided at the tips, the divisions spreading out at right angles to the rachis. Both these retain their characters under cultivation. In the other case I gathered from a wall-top near Minehead two forms of Polypodium vulgare, so closely associated, that though the rhizomes were disconnected, I concluded that I had broken a single plant of irregular type into two. Under cultivation, however, one has proved to be a fine symmetrical, acute form, with long markedly serrate pinna;, and a sharply pointed apex to every frond ; in the other, however, all the fronds are abruptly truncate, the pinna; are obtuse, and only crenate, except those next the truncation, which are abnormally long and so deeply cut as to be almost bipinnatifid, in short, they form two un- mistakably distinct forms. Recurring to the theme of reversion, there are several curious instances of intermittent partial reversion which merit notice. That beautiful variety of Athyrum filix fcemina, viz., kalothrix, was a sport from a true plumose form, and most if not all the plants I have possessed produce here and there, sometimes an entire frond of the parental type, but more frequently it is only a pinna or two, or even a pinnule, which appears so affected ; while if a plant be long undisturbed, it may cease to revert altogether. A batch of seedlings raised by myself gave several entire reversions to the plumose type, and Messrs. Stansfield of Sale report the same experience. One of my seedlings afforded me, moreover, a curious instance of temporary cresting, after developing into a small plant of true kalothrix type, it was potted up and accidentally allowed to get dust dry during the winter and spring. Early in the summer it was soaked, with a forlorn hope of resuscitation. It then threw up a small but very finely crested frond, bear- ing an unmistakably wide fan-shaped tassel of numerous points ; the next fronds followed suit, but less markedly, and by the time the fourth or fifth fronds arose it had recovered gradually its normal outline, which it has since maintained. Several other seedlings of the same batch under starved conditions, bore irregular ramose fronds, but imme- diately they received special care as novelties, the eccentricity vanished. Here, obviously, we have cresting resulting from uncongenial conditions, and the question arises whether spores produced under like circumstances might not occasionally yield per- manent variations. I am not aware, however, of any evidence supporting this idea. As a curious coincidence in very eccentric vaga- ries, I may mention that some years back I found near Wigtown, N.B., a furm of Athyrium, in which the leafly portion of the two or three pinnules next the midribs of the fronds was symmetrically absent, the rachides only remaining as little thorns, so that there was a tapering longitudinal space down the centre of each frond, giving it a very curious appear- ance. Last year I received from Mr. Phillips, of Belfast, an Irish find of his with precisely the same character ; the pinnte, however, had also a space down their centres, due to a slight depauperation of the pinnules adjacent to their midribs. It is worthy of remark that the two finds were so very distinct, apart from the main characteristic described, that a common origin was extremely unlikely, independent of the consideration of the distance the spores would in such case have had to travel. In connection with the subtle influences which lead to these vagaries, it is a singular fact that, when hybridisation is effected by sowing the spores of crested and non-crested forms together, it occa- sionally happens that the cresting character is transmitted purely by itself, the result of the cross being the true frond type of the one parent, plus the cresting of the other, though the second parent may have fronds widely abnormal otherwise. I may also appropriately chronicle here two singular combinations of the effect of crossing be- tween Perns, one parent being subject to partial reversion. Mr. Clapham was successful in crossing two very marked varieties of Polypodium vulgare viz , var. elegantissimum, a very finely divided form, subj-ct to piecemeal revereipn like kalothrix and var. bifido cristatum, a very tine but somewhat narrow crested form. The result was the transfer* nee of the cresting to elegantissimum, with the curious addi- tional effect that while the tendency to piecemeal re- version persists, true fronds of bifido cristatum are thrown up instead of normal ones. A more absolute proof of the joint parentage could not be imagined. A composite frond of this lies before me as I write. A kindred case is recorded by Colonel A. M. Jones in connection with a cross effected by Mr. Stans- field between a fine plumose form of Athyrium and an irregular depauperate crested form known as Craigii, the result being a plumose Craigii which, to remove all doubts as to its pedigree, produced sub- sequently a frond true to the plumose parent, but crested, not a taint of the Craigii character other than this, appearing. I am now, however, entering into the domain of other experiences than my own, merely, however, to indicate lines of research which may, if persistently followed, yield results sufficiently coherent to build a theory upon. What is needed, is some definite centre where reports upon the phenomena observed could be collated. At present the specialists are sporadic, and their knowledge mainly confined to themselves. Occasionally a short article appears, now in one and now in another of the horticultural journals, and from time to time papers are read and even published by kindred societies, but that is not enough, and I trust that the re-awakening interest in this important branch of native horticulture may lead to some special organisation there anent being arranged at the forthcoming Fern Convention to be held in July next by the Royal Horticultural Society. Chas. T. Druery, F.L.S., Fcrnholme, Forest Gate, Essex. HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS. Perhaps no genus of the great Orchidean family is at once more popular with the horticulturist and more perplexing to the botanist than Odontoglossum. So attractive are many of the species, so floriferous, and so easily cultivated, that most of the districts in which they are known to grow have been ransacked, and the plants sent home in hundreds of thousands to enrich our collections. Under ordinary circum- stances the result of this activity would have been to increase our knowledge of the genus very mate- rially, if not to enable us to form some idea of the number, variability, and distribution of the species of which it consists. So far from this being the case, however, the number of intermediate forms which are constantly appearing tend rather to obscure the limits of species formerly considered distinct, and the nomenclature of the genus is in a hopeless and bewildering state of confusion. Some of these intermediate forms are undoubtedly natural hybrids, but it is probable that others are pure varieties, for some of the species have proved polymorphic to a degree quite unsuspected a few years ago. In a few cases the gaps between otherwise distinct species seem to be so completely bridged over by these intermediate forms that the Messrs. Veitch, in their Manual of Orchidaceous Plants, speak of them as " confluent in series," on account of the difficulty of deciding where the partition wall is to be set up between them. In these cases they have placed acknowledged hybrids as varieties of the species they most nearly resemble. " This plan," they remark, " is by no means free from objection ; but it has at least the advantage of grouping together a number of allied forms, which, if described under separate names, would leave the acknowledged confusion much where it was." It has been my misfortune of late to have to determine a considerable number of these doubtful plants, and I have found the task by no means an easy one. I" do not, however, regret the circumstance — quite the reverse ; for it seems to me that the only- way to get a clear idea of the genus is to get together as complete a spries of the different forms as possible, whether varieties or hybrids, and then compare them side by side. The accumulation of such a series is necessarily a work of time. The most complete one in existence is, unfortunately, not ApEit •!(,, 1>:ni.| 77/ A' GA U D K SEE S' CHE 0S1 CL E. 515 available for reference for the next quarter of a century, or nearly, and the only available plan is to provide an efficient substitute. The Kew collection contains a fair proportion of the hybrid forms, in addition to most of the species, but is wanting in some of those described by Reichenbach. Most of them exist in gardens, though a few are rather rare, in consequence of which they come to hand rather slowly. In repeatedly going through the material at hand, two or three things have presented themselves very forcibly to my mind. The first is, that in (he majority of cases it is possible to separate the un- doubted species from those which may, with a greater or less degree of probability, be assumed to be of hybrid origin. It is fortunate that such is the case, for I believe it is the first real step towards the solution of the problem. In those cases where the forms appear confluent, it may hereafter be pos- sible to effect the same separation between them. It may not be easy to lay down any absolute rules by which natural hybrids can be separated from genuine species, but the two are so essentially dis- tinct in their origin that a very few considerations will serve to make the matter clear. Species, of whatever kind, have always a definite geographical area, over which the individuals which compose it are distributed, more or less continuously or disconnectedly according to circumstances. Taking this area as a whole, the individuals are generally very numerous, but everywhere they bear so strong a resemblance to each other that they can generally be easily recognised as individuals of the same species. Of course, a variable species may exist in different areas as what are called geogra- phical varieties, and, at the present day, no apology is needed for saying that these are incipient species. Two or more species may be found growing together in one spot, but even when this is the case the boundaries of their individual geographical areas are hardly ever conterminous ; that is to say, there are other spots where the same species grow separately. In fact, there are good grounds for believing that this is almost invariably true of closely allied species. Even where they grow together, there are equally strong reasons for believing that they originated separately, but were afterwards disseminated from their original birthplace, and thus accidentally brought together. These considerations help us materially to understand the phenomena of natural hybridism. Natural hybrids only originate where two or more allied species grow in sufficient proximity to each other for the pollen to be carried from the one to the other. In most cases they are found growing with the parent species, though this is not always the case ; for the seeds may sometimes be carried away to some distance, though with Orchids I think we have very little evidence of its taking place on any extensive scale. These hybrids are generally so intermediate in character that their parental" may very often be guessed by anyone well acquainted with the characters of the parent species — in fact, it may often be said, as in the case of artificial hybrids of known parentage that they bear the evidence of their origin in their faces. Another fact respecting them is that, compared with the parent species, they are very rare. There are a few cases where, taken in the aggregate, the individuals are numerous, because the same cross has been effected over and over again. In such cases, however, there is usually a consider- able range of variation. To quote Messrs. Veitch : " From the first it has been observed of these natural hybrids, that it is an extremely rare occurrence for any two appearing in different importations to be identical, although apparently derived from the same two species, and sometimes sufficiently alike to come under the same name." One other consideration which should not be overlooked is, the possibility that some of these mule forms may be themselves derived from hybrid parents, as is the case with certain artificial hybrids. "These hybrids are highly deserving of attentive study, for owing to the still very imperfect know- ledge of the distributional limits of the species of Odontoglossum, and the still more imperfect know- ledge we possess of the insect life of the region, it is at present hopeless to attempt any satisfactory explanation of their origin, or from the data already accumulated to deduce any general law respect- ing them." These interesting words are cited from Messrs. Veitch's work before mentioned. In future papers I hope to be able to analyse the materials already accumulated, with a view of accelerating future progress. Meantime, a few flowers of any of the following would be very grate- fully received, or indeed of anything which would in any way aid in elucidating a difficult but very in- teresting problem. \ eitch's Model is likewise a good Broccoli, of which we are now cutting handsome heads. These three are very superior over all hardy varieties, and of good quality. W, A. Cook. ai>- Ilea. baphicantlmin Hor-maimi bra. hypterum Jenningsianum Pollettiamim Bra&sia lepidum prionopetalura cheetostroma limbatum radiatum deltoglossum Leeanum Schroderianum de ranophorum ligulare Scottii facetum macro-p'lum stellimicans ferrugineum Marriottianum tentaculatum bistnonicum ilasereelianum Vuylstekeanutu R. A. Rolfc, Herbarium, Kcw. (To be continued.) Vegetables. BRi ICCOLI. Is a general way, Broccoli seed, in my opinion, is sown too early, particularly the late varieties ; also too thickly. Towards the end of the present month scatter the seed thinly on ground that has been made rather firm, that is not over rich, and has been made fine. The seed mayjust be covered, and in most gardens it must be protected from birds by spreading a fishnet over the beds, supporting it with forked pegs, or by rolling the seed damped in milk in red lead powder. To have short-legged, hard-Stemmed Broccoli, the seedlings should not get crowded and drawn, but should be planted out when they are large enough to handle. I find that the best way of managing, so as not to waste space, is to put Broccoli in rows 4 feet apart, and have Potatos between the rows, as then both crops are benefited from the full sunlight thus obtained. Although a rich soil may produce the best heads, when the plants have the luck to live through the winter, it does not favour hardiness. The best place for late Broccoli is an open field, as they will stand without injury whilst garden plants have been killed outright, or much weakened by frost. For early work, or first cutting in the autumn, the finest Broccoli is Veitch's Self-Protecting, and it is enough to say of this that it is in all respects equal to the well-known Autumn Giant Cauliflower, and of which it seems to be a late variety. To succeed this, Snow's Winter White, if it can be had true, is the most trustworthy, as the heads are well- protected and very compact and white, and it grows of suitable size for table use. To follow on after this, none that I have tried are equal to Veitch's Spring White— a Broccoli perfect in shape, of medium size, and white, lor late use, Model is the type of what a good Broccoli should be, and it is, therefore, appropriately named, and it has desirable hardiness as well. Lauder's Goshen and Late Queen are both excellent sorts, and any one growing the above-named will have the cream of Broccolis ; but, in addition, every person should plant some Karly and Late Purple Sprouting, an exceedingly useful vegetable, of delicate flavour. J. Sheppard. Hartland's April Queen is certainly the best variety grown in the south of Ireland. It is of excellent quality, and comes into use when other vegetables are getting scarce, and the heads arc well protected and white as any Cauliflower. For market purposes it cannot be beaten. P. C. We have been cutting, and are cutting daily, some splendid heads of Sutton's Late White Broccoli, which seems to withstand frost better than any other. Leamington Dwarf is also good, and 06 per cent, of it has stood well the trials of the past winter. RATING OF NURSERIES AND MARKET GARDENS. The Bill to amend the Law relating to the Rating of Machinery, which was read a second time this week in the House of Commons, is one which affects the nursery trade to a greater extent than any other measure which has been introduced since the Income-tax Act of 1S43, which contains special pro- visions relating to nurserymen and market gardeners. When I say that it affects the trade, I mean that it may be made to affect it, if proper steps are taken for that purpose. As the Bill is drafted, it does not comprise the trade within its scope, although the principle of the Bill is such as to make it easily applicable thereto. Iu order that this may be understood, will you permit me to remind your readers that in June, 1887, a meeting of the trade was called by me for the purpose of taking into consideration the in- equality which existed in the assessments to the poor- rate of nurseries and market gardens, and for the purpose of endeavouring to arrive at a proper basis on which such assessments should be made. As a result of the meeting, the opinion of an eminent counsel was taken with a view to ascertain the existing law on the subject. His opinion is embodied in the report of my association for the year 1889, ami is to the effect that greenhouses belonging to nurserymen and market gardeners are trade fixtures, that as such they cannot be rated, but that they must be taken intoac- countasenhancingthevalueofthelandou which they are erected in arriving at the rateable value of the land. In view of this opinion (in which the various decisions of the Courts on the subject were cited), it was thought inadvisable to take up a test case which would have the effect of throwing away money for no useful purpose. When this decision became known, a lengthy correspondence took place between a member of the trade and myself, the object on his part being to convince me that the long list of deci- sions cited by counsel, in his opinion, could be reversed ; but I was not convinced. By a curious coincidence, on the very day the Bill befo en- tioned was introduced, a case in point came before the Queen's Bench, and the cases cited in the opinion of counsel were sought to be distinguished, but without avail, and it was decided again that trade fixtures must be taken into account, as enhancing the rateable value of the property. Mr. Justice Grantham, in the course of his judgment, said it was difficult to see how, in fact, that was not a rating of chattels, but the cases showed that a thing which would otherwise be considered a chattel might enhance the value of land for rating purposes ; there is therefore now no question as to what the law on the subject is, and that case fully justifies the decision come to by my committee. The remedy, however, which is sought for can be found in the Bill already referred to. Its preamble recites that "questions have from time to time arisen as to how far machinery is to be taken into consideration in estimating the rateable value of the premises in which any trade, business, or manufac- ture is carried on, and it is expedient to amend the law relating thereto ; " and by Section 1 it is pro- vided that, "in estimating for the purpose of assessment to the poor-rate, county-rate, borough - rate, or any other rate leviable upon property rateable to the relief of the poor, the rateable value of any tenement or premises occupied for any trade, busi- ness, or manufacturing purposes, the annual value of the machinery in this section specified on any such tenement or premises shall be taken into considera- tion — that is to say, water-wheels, &c." By Section '2 it is provided that, " save as in the last section provided, no machinery, whether attached to the tenement or premises or not, shall be taken into consideration in estimating such rateable value," 516 TEE GARDENERS* CHRONICLE. [Apkil 26, 1890. It will be seen that the governing word, both in the title and body of the Bill, is " machinery." Now, whether this word alone would include glass erections is very doubtful indeed, and it appears to me that this is an opportunity not to be lost of getting such words inserted in the Bill in Com- mittee as would place the question beyond all doubt. The manufacturing interest is well represented in the House, but the nursery trade is, as far as I know, wholly unrepresented, and primd facie the manu- facturing interest alone is referred to in the Bill. Those of your readers who read the debate on the Bill will remember that the main argument against it was, that the alteration the law proposed would shift the rates from the wealthy class of manu- facturers to the classes of industry less capable of bearing the already too heavy burden of taxation. This very argument will support the extension of the scope of the Bill as I propose, by relieving the trade to an enormous extent, and thus tend to average the distribution of taxation. It is for the trade to say whether they desire the matter to be taken up, and I shall be happy to receive communications from them, either direct, or through your columns, on the subject. Meanwhile, I am in communication with the promoters of the Bill, as it is a matter that will allow of no delay. I trust that the importance of the matter will be a sufficient excuse for my trespassing at such length on your space. F. C. Goodchild, Secretary, Nursery and Seed Trade Association, Limited, 23, Old Jewry, E.C. PHAL.ENOPSIS IN THE PHILIPPINES. I read the account of the distribution of the section EuphaUcnopsis in the Philippine Islauds, given by Mr. C. Roebelen, at p. 451), with very great interest, partly on account of the subject itself, and partly because of the light it throws on the affinities of the Philippine flora with that of the Malayan Archipelago, in both of which I am particularly interested. I fully agree that details relating to the surroundings of a new species, and its nearest allied neighbours, are almostas necessary as the description of the plant itself, and therefore it is very gratifying to find such information forthcoming on the distribution of a group of plants of such commercial value. There are several other very perplexing groups on which similar information is much needed, and let us hope it will soon be forthcoming. To return to the PhaUcnopsis. One of the first points which strikes me as particularly interesting is the presence of P. grandi flora in the island of Palawan. Hitherto we have generally believed that this Bpecies was absent from the Philippines, being there replaced by P. amabilis (I use this name in the sense it is generally used in gardens, though the name properly belongs to the Malayan species). I should much like to know whether the remark that " P. amabilis grows all over the Philippine Islands " is intended to apply also to Palawan, for it would be very curious to find that both grow in the same island. I am not so much surprised at the occur- rence of P. grandiflora in Palawan as I should have been a year or two ago, for in working up a few plants from this island, and the small island of Balabac (between it and Borneo), there appeared traces of affinity with Borneo rather than with Luzon, and in my paper on the Flora of the Philip- pine Islands (Journ. Linn. Soe., xxi., pp. 283—316), written at an earlier date, I pointed out that the deepest channel which traversed the submerged bank which connects these two islands was the Mindoro Straits, north of Palawan ; so that it seems quite possible the latter island may have remained in connection with Borneo long after it had been separated from Luzon. A few notes on the Orchids of Palawan would be very interesting. The Sulu Archipelago flora seems more allied to the Philippine one. There is Phalomopsis Marix in the main island of Sulu, and in Mindanao, and Mr. Roebelen mentions P. amabilis in Tawi-tawi. The Sulu plants I have had to work up appeared more Philippine than Bornean, while the deepest channel which traverses the submerged bank running between Mindanao and Borneo is close to the latter island south of Tawi-tawi. Thus we should expect to find the Sulu flora rather an extension of the Philippine than the Bornean one. The distribution of PhaUcnopsis grandiflora is very interesting. (The section Euphahcnopsis is exclu- sively Philippine, with the exception of this species and P. gloriosa, which I believe is a local variety of the same ; at least it has a similar narrow front lobe to the lip, though it differs in colour.) It occurs in Java and some small adjacent islets, various parts of Borneo, Palawan (according to Mr. Roebelen), Celebes, Buru, Amboyna, and Timor Laut, in the Moluccas. Thus its known area is somewhat extensive, and it may yet be found on other of the intermediate islands. The occurrence of natural hybrids in the Philip- pines is another point on which more accurate information was needed. P. leucorrhoda X, P. casta X , and P. cynthia X are generally understood to be from Luzon, where P. amabilis and P. Schil- leriana grow together ; but I should much like to see the results of intercrossing between P. amabilis, P. Sanderiana, and the white-flowered silver-grey-leaved species mentioned by Mr. Roebelen as found in Mindanao. Also the natural mules between P. Sanderiana and P. Stuartiana from the interior of that island. Two little points in Mr. Eoebelen's letter do not seem quite clear. The first is, where he speaks of P. Schilleriana being confined to central Luzon on the Pacific coast and a few adjacent islands, distant from the home of P. Sanderiana about 350 miles, and yet speaks of P. Schilleriana alba as most likely from South Mindanao, where he points out that P. Sander- iana actually grows. The second is, where he speaks of P. Sanderiana as " considered to be a natural cross between P. amabilis and P. Schilleriana, which it may be botanically, but it seems to be too far off from at least one of its supposed parents for this to be likely." Perhaps Mr. Roebelen, who has so largely increased our knowledge of the distribution of these interesting plants, will kindly explain. My own impression, to a certain extent, coincides with his, that is, I think we have yet much to learn of the exact relation some of these forms bear to each other. If we could trace them geographically and thus find out which were purely divergent forms, and which genuine natural hybrids, occurring where these forms grew intermixed, it would be a great advance in our knowledge. Perhaps it is not too much to hope that such evidence will yet be forth- coming. B. A, Solfe. MALTESE GARDENS. {Continued from p. 418.) Captain Puice's garden is of even greater extent than that of Mr. Harry, and contains some twenty or more divisions. Being on the side of a hill the separate gardenettes are surrounded by balustrades and terraces, numerous short flights of stone steps connecting them as shown in fig. 82. Here and there one suddenly comes upon little temple-like structures, which command some pleasant view across the harbour. On reaching the summit one obtains a panorama of the harbour of Valletta, and the numerous fortifications, together with an extensive view of Malta and its walled-in fields, with square tower-like and windowless houses of the peasants dotted about. Water being a piecious article in Malta, as rain only falls in the late autumn and winter months, it is collected by the flat roof on all the houses, and then conveyed by pipes to a tank cut in the solid rock below. In Capt. Price's garden there are no fewer than twelve such wells. They are picturesque objects, because they all have two marble pillars with the usual cross-piece, also of marble, from which the bucket hangs. Many are elaborately carved in resemblance of Grapes and other fruit. Like Mr. Harry's, this also abounds with interesting trees, shrubs, and herbs ; but no description can give the remotest idea of the number of picturesque spots and " surprises " which meet one at every turn. Plants which are cultivated simply in pots at home here form masses of many square yards, such as Kichardia, and all sorts of Pelargonium are rampant. Of the more noticeable trees, there is a Drac.-ena Draco about fifty years old. It has a straight trunk, about 12 feet in height, whence a circle of branches radiate. It is 4 feet 6 inches in circumference at 5 feet from the ground, conse- quently it is 18 inches in diameter. Schinus Molle, so common at Gibraltar and Malta in all the public places, is now bearing bunches of hot- tasting pink berries, which have given it the popular name of the Pepper Tree. The dwarf fan-Palm, Lignstrum japonicum, with great clusters of black fruit, and Euonymus japouicus, with its red fruit ; Adhatodas, Justicias, Pittosporura Tobira, Hibiscus phcenicieus, and H. Patersoni ; (Juercus Ilex bearing acorns half as large again as in England ; Bignonia radicans, Stachys, Daturas, &c. Of climbing plants, which cover the numerous walls and balustrades, there are Plumbagos, blue and white ; the ever-present purple Bougainvillea Solandras, Philodendrons, Stephanotis, Tacsonias and Ficus repens. Mention may also be made of the Avocado Pear, Dasylirions, Mesembryant hemums, Agaves, large masses of Acanthus and Eichardia, and the usual profusion of Pelargoniums, Heliotrope, &c. Several wild spots were profusely covered with the Ivy-leaved Pelargonium, Ferns, Acanthus, clumps of the yellow Sempervivum arboreum, the scarlet Antholyza ;cthiopica, and Aloes ; the interstices being carpeted with the ubiquitous weed Oxalis cernua, with its golden flowers. In the garden, or rather square inclosure, within the Palace of Valletta, is an Araucaria excelsa, which was planted by H.R.H. Prince Alfred in 1858. It was then 7 feet high. It is now, as nearly as I could calculate, about 'JO feet. It is over 6 feet in circumference at a height of 4 feet from the ground. George Henslow, Malta, January 25. Foreign Correspondence. B E E L I N. " White Christmas, green Easter " is a proverb which is quite true of this year, and although Easter fell somewhat early, the shrubs and trees were green in great part. Spring arrived on March 13, and now Loniceraxylosteum and tartarica, Ligustrum vulgare, Ribes rubrum, alpinum and Grossularia are green ; Lonicera fragrantissima, L. Standishii, Corylopsis — a very fine shrub — and Eorsythias are in full flower. The Crocuses are past ; Hyacinths are seen every- where. The importations of living flowers from the Riviera consist of double Ranunculuses and Ane- mones only. Forced Roses are now in full flower. A new mode of growing Roses has come into vogue. Cuttings of forced Roses are made in the second half of March, and when rooted in April they are planted out upon heavily manured beds, and pruning is prohibited. In November the plants are potted, all twigs being retained. They form by that time of the year, in consequence of the heavy manuring they have received, bushes of 2 feet in diameter and as much in height. After the new year they are put into the forcing pits. I must confess I never saw such well formed double flowers as are on these bushes. Fisher Holmes, Marie Baumanu, and La France are very well adapted to this method of culture, and one bush will carry, one year from the cutting, from thirty to thirty- five flowers, so that this mode of culture gives very good results when it is borne in mind that a single flower of La France is sold at the present time for Is. Gd. The strike of the young gardeners on April 1 was not much felt, and of 2000 men who intended to strike only about 200 really came out. The demands put forward were eleven hours work and a April 26, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, 517 wage of 20s. monthly, including free board and lodging ; or LSs. weekly without board and lodging. Most of the nurserymen agreed to these terms. In the Botanic Garden there are now many Australian plants in full flower. It is true, the famous collections once cultivated in our botanic garden by Bouch^ are not now to be found there. For some years the cultivation of such decorative plants as zonal Pelargonium, Begonia boliviensis, Alternanthera, &c, was more highly estimated than that of rare, difficult-to-be-cultivated plants; but it is to be hoped that this state of things will be amended, and the botanic garden will again become a thoroughly scientific institution. Amongst the Australian plants, I remarked the following in flower, which are worthy of being more commonly cultivated : — Hardenbergia monophylla, a papilio- naceous climbing shrub, with numerous clustered racemes of violet flowers, about 2 inches in diameter ; Clianthus species, a very nice climber, with bright green foliage and brilliant scarlet flowers of about 1 inch in length ; both shrubs were about 1 foot high, and freely flowered. Choroz°mas in varie'y colour. The plant is said to give physical strength. The natives rub some of the leaves of the plant in their hands before engaging in races or palavers, which is said to give not only strength to the body, but also to the mind. The methods of culture pursued in this house differ widely from that in the others, for Mr. Braun having collected the plants himself in Cameroons, his idea is to give the plants as far as is possible a situation similar to that which they had iu their native home. For instance, he places plants which grew iu the cleft of two branches again in such a cleft, be it of two branches or of two planks. Epiphytical plants, as Orchids and Ferns, he cultivates only on branches or planks. He lays the rhizome directly upon them, covers it with some peat (roots of Ferns), and fastens it with copper-wire. In a short time the young strong roots run along the branch or plank, and after some months the wire fastenings as well as the peat may be removed. The branches and planks are hung as near to the glass as possible. Plants which grow naturally downwards, as do many Orchids, are hung in this situation, the apex down- In . "-'. -TiaillACE ATrnOACII IN CAPTAIN r, MALTA. SB) P, are in full flower ; these were in former times much cultivated. I remember well two specimens which wit •<-:isii>ii;tii y inhibited; they each covered a wire balloon of about i feet in diameter, and nothing could be seen but the brilliant flowers ; the days of this kind of plant growing are now past. Keunedya glabrata var. tenuifolia has a habit of growth much resembling that of a Nertera depressa, but it is covered with numerous red flowers instead of scarlet licniis. A very interesting home is that containing imported plants from the German colonies. Besides very strong seedlings of Rhizophora Mangle and Pandanus candelabrum — both cultivated in brackish water — there are very many decorative plants. A very fine climber is Ipomeea paniculata, whose Ivy-shaped dark green leaves contrast very finely with the white middling-sized flowers, whose tube is on the inner surface of a dark violet colour. The plant grows very freely, and often makes shoots of 15 to 20 feet in length. A plant mucli esteemed by the natives of the Cameroous is Emilia sagittata, a com- posite, whose bright green leaves are on the uuder surface of a blue-violet colour. The little heads, half an inch in diameter, are of a brilliant orange wards. The watering is of the simplest, the plank being immersed in water. In this way epiphytical plants grow much better than in pots. In one of my last letters, I said that it might be possible to create fasciations artificially. I, myself, iimimiTici'il some experiments in this way with Troptcolum majus, and so far as I can now see, these have been successful. Snme time since, Prof Kny, from the Agricultural High School, told me that Prof. Sachs, of Wur/.burgh, some years ago, suc- ceeded in producing fasciation, and that he himself hid also succeeded ; aud curiously enough, each of us three tried to succeed with the same species ! The results of Prof. Sachs are published, as Prof. Kny, told me, in the Pr ceecLingt of the I'ienna A Those of Prof. Kny are not yet published, but he has preserved in alcohol the fasciations which he obtained. The leading idea I had I once communi- cated to you when I was at St. Petersburgh, that if the vegetative point of a vigorously growing plant is destroyed, there are developed close together some new vegetative points, and the formation of new cells is bo rapid that the single newly-formed buds cannot find time to separate themselves, and the consequence is that the young shoots adhere together, and a fasciation appears. A most important con- dition is that the plant experimented on must be in the most vigorous growth. Now, fasciations are hereditary, and it might be possible to create in this way one or another new and interesting garden plant in the manner of the Coxcomb. Experimental teratology is very important for gardeners ; it is only necessary to question Nature in the right manner to obtain the right answer. Our Berlin Correspondent. Beloian Lettee. In the Liege Botanic Garden a mass of fifty plants of Vriesia Leodiensis is a conspicuous object, by reason of the rich colours of the flower-heads. Among the number of hybrids raised by M. Marechal, the curator, is V. brachystachys, which will be a great addition to collections of these plants. A dozen immense well- grown Vriesias likely to make a great sensation in the horticultural world, include V. gigantea (V. Glaziovana), V. Beginae, and others not yet deter- mined. All these have been raised from seed im- ported from Brazil by Wallis. I have never seen a more beautiful Kentia rupi- cola than that which is one of the greatest ornaments of the Botanic Garden. Equally deserving of notice are the three enormous Bhapis aspera ; as a plant of large size, a beautiful Ceratozamia mexicana may also be named. When visiting Messrs. Jacob Maukoy & Co.'s Nur- sery, I saw a superior variety of Masdevallia Backhous- iana, introduced from New Grenada. It resembles M. chimera, but has longer hairs ; the flower is as hairy as possible, which gives it a very curious appear- ance, and renders it a very distinct form in this great genus, the cultivation of which is much neg- lected in Belgium. I think this is owing to the wrong methods of cultivation which are adopted- plants are kept too warm, and do not get sufficient water. The collection of Araucarias comprises twenty of the more remarkable aud rare species ; for instance, A. Cunninghami var. glauca, from New Caledonia ; the type, quite blue, has a pretty, fresh look, and is rare ; A. Cooki pendula, a variety with- out comparison ; and the none less rare A. Nie- praschti. A new Anthiirium, not yet in commerce, but which will no doubt be well received, is Madame Ed, Pynaert; it is strong, and has grand foliage. The large flowers are of the same form as A. An- dreanum, but the spathe is a fine white, delicately veined witli light rose. The spadix is rose. This line acquisition has received a Certificate at Ghent. The recent Antwerp show was remarkable for the quantity of flowering plants shown. Orchids were, however, hardly represented. As specimen plants we should name Chorozema splendens, Pimelea spec- tabilis, P. ligustrina, Pandanus utilis, Begonia mani- cata, Clianthus puniceus, Solatium Warscewiczii, Pritchardia macrocarpa, and Plmmix rnpicola. Very fine were the exhibits of the chief of the Antwerp amateurs, M. II. Vanderlinden who had Deutzia gracilis measuring over G feet in diameter, also Ledum palustre, Gaultheria acuminata, and Staphylea colchica. Many decorative floral groups, and more than f;irty flower pictures, in which Orchids and Pennies liguri'd prominently, formed a feature of the display. In the collection of M. Metdepenningen, of Ghent, are two remarkable plants from an importation of Odontoglossum crispum, from Pacho. One of these has a branched spike, and is a puzzle. On looking at the flower you seem to have seen it in different degrees of colour, form, lip, &c, in the hybrids Wilckeanum, mulus, excellens, Shuttleworthi, aureum guttatum, sulpbureum, &c. The second ia like the former, of a good crispum type, with a mix- ture of yellow and red in the centre, and with extra heavy spots. The Bruges horticultural show was a great success. M. Vineke-Dujardin sent a choice lot of Orchids, and M. Van Noten also sent a grand lot. Messrs. I)e Smet Brothers sent Anthuriums. M. Puuioa de Marten had specimen Palms. M. L. Spae-van- dermulen had a noveltv in Kentia Dumoniana. cit. ,i, /;. 518 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Afhil 28, 1890. INSECT PESTS. How to Get Rid of Scale.— Dr. D. W. Coquillet, of Los Angeles, reports in the last number of Insect Life — which in this case ought to be called Insect Death—a, means of destroying the scale that is so injurious to Orange trees. One oz. of dry potassium cyanide [poison] is mixed in a leaden pail with 1 fluid oz. of sulphuric acid and 2 fluid ozs. of water. A tent is placed over the tree, the cyanide is first placed in the leaden pail, then the water, and lastly the acid. A sack is thrown over the pail, and earth thrown on the edge of the tent, where it rests on the ground, to prevent the escape of the gas. The operator, of course, beats a retreat speedily from the interior of the tent, which is allowed to remain over the tree for a quarter of an hour, and is then ready for use upon another. The quantity of poison re- quired varies, of course, with the height of the tree ; but the proportions of the ingredients remain the same. For a tree of 18 feet in height, 15 oz. of cyanide, 30 of water, and 15 of acid, are required. It is the only method known by which scale insects on the fruit can be destroyed at one operation. Clothes Moths. Prof. Riley, in the last number of Insect Life, alludes to the three most common species, Tinea pellionella, T. tapetzella, and Tineola biselliella. A description and an account of the mode of life of each creature are given, as well as woodcut illustra- tions. The remedy suggested is, that in the latter part of May, all garments, furs, and other objects likely to be infested, should be thoroughly shaken and exposed to the light and air, and then subjected to a thorough spraying with benzine. The benzine spray should also be applied to all cracks in the floor, corners of dark cupboards, &c. ; carriages unused in the winter should be similarly treated. As the vapour is very inflammable, care should be taken to avoid bringing any light into the rooms or near the garments until the smell has disappeared. Ae§ENICAL SrEAYINO. It has been asserted that the spraying of fruit trees when in blossom will lead to the storage by bees of poisoned honey. Professor Riley, however, Bays that in the American States experience has Bhown that the judicious and cautious use of arsenical sprays in orchards " is attended only with benefit, and that the possible harm is reduced to such a minimum as almost to justify its being left out of consideration." We commented lately on the sin- gular fact that while in Canada and in America " Paris green " and " London purple " were very largely used, yet in this country London purple, in spite of its name, was not known, and finds no place in the ordinary books of reference. Further inquiry elicited the fact that London purple was actually manufactured in this country as a bye product in the manufacture of aniline dyes (magenta), and exported largely to America, though, as we have said, unknown here. The repeated recommendations for its use made by such specially trustworthy authori- ties as Professors Riley, Saunders, and Fletcher induced us to enquire of the manufacturers the reason why a preparation of so much value when properly used and cautiously handled, and one so largely used in America, should not be procurable here. The reply was, that the quantities used here were so small that it did not pay to advertise, or bring the substance before the public. Fruit growers here ask to be supplied with a pound where their transatlantic brother asks for a hundredweight. The Fluted Scale Insect. In the twenty-first number of the Bulletin of the United States Depart inent of Agriculture, Mr. Kcebele gives an account of his visit to Australia to investi- gate the natural enemies of the fluted scale, Icerya Purchasi, with a view to introduce them into California, where the scale is exceedingly destructive. Amongst other things, a lady-bird, Venalia cardinalis, was observed preying on the scale, and found to be a most effective agent in the destruction of the fluted scale. Steps were accordingly taken to introduce the beetle into California, and apparently with the best results. Cockroaches. Professor Riley, in Insect Life, recommends the use of insect powder (Pyrethrum), as the best and most efficient remedy. This should be puffed into all crevices in the floor and elsewhere. If this is done persistently and thoroughly, there is an end to the cockroaches. The Root-Knot Disease. The United States Department of Agriculture has published a valuable report of the root-knot disease, which affects the Peach and Urange in Florida. The report has been prepared under the direction of Mr. Riley by Dr. Neal.and is illustrated with twenty-one well-executed colonred plates. Dr. Neal's paper will have to be compared with the writings of Ritzema Bos, Beijerinck, and others who have studied these creatures in Europe, as Dr. Neal does not pro- fess to be a specialist, and the literature of the sub- ject was not accessible to him. Nevertheless, Dr. Neal has produced a valuable report. The burning of affected plants on the ground is specially insisted on, allowing the land to re- main fallow. A certain species of ant preys upon the worm. Alkaline manures (potash salts), are useful as promoting vegetation, but actual vermi- cides hitherto have, generally speaking, done more harm than good. The disease, unfortunately is far from being unknown here, and it, or a very closely corresponding disorder, affects plants of very numerous natural orders. the unremunerative prices obtained by the growers. Other articles refer to the manufacture of Lemon essence in Sicily, and fruit-candying in Italy. Colonial Notes. In the Queensland Botanic Gardens, Rockhamp- ton, which is under the Tropic of Capricorn, there are good plants of Vitis rupestris, Cissus monticola, and C. cordifolia, raised from seed sent by Baron von Mueller; they will most probably bear a few fruit next season. A plant of Strophanthus hispidus, raised from seed from the same source, is doing well. Two plants of tuberous-rooted Ipomea (Ipomcea calabra, see Select Plants) are planted out, and specimens will ba forwarded as soon as they can be procured. The Adamsonia digitata does well here, it has stood well during two winters, and may now be looked on as a success. Bertholletia excelsa plants are very healthy, but appear to be of slow growth. The Livistona Maria; must be a beautiful Palm, if its foliage keeps the colour it has at present (a beautiful rich copper). We have four plants doing well. Borassus flabelliformis appears to be quite at home here. Catalpa speciosa grow very rapidly, and will most probably turn out a good useful shade and timber tree. Lespedeza striata : I find this plant succeeds best if sown among the natural grasses in moist ground, in this way it it covers the ground well. As a curiosity in the adaptability of plants, I may mention that last week we had Pine-apples and Apples gathered from the same bed, the Apples are small, but well flavoured. A few days ago, a station owner out West told me there was a species of Ipomea (I. calabra, tuberous rooted) growing in the scrubs on his station used as food by the blacks ; he describes the flowers as deep purple, and promised to have some of the tubers taken up, and sent down the first chance. We are having a grand season here. I would like you to see how things are growing with us at present. J. S. Edgar, llochhampton. Jamaica.. The last Bulletin of the botanical department con- tains articles on the culture of Coca (Erythroxylon Coca), and on the abandonment of Orange culture in the Azores, due to a disease ("gumming"), and to PLANT8 AND THEIR CULTURE. Bulbs, &c. — The bloom of hybrid Amaryllis will soon be over, and the bulbs shou Id be put in a light position, a shelf or stage close to the glass in an intermediate-house being a suitable place for them. Amaryllis aulica is useful in the early months of the year, and it will give satisfaction if repotted annually in 6-inch pots. We grow at Syon a large number of this species on shelves in early vineries, and the plan ts do well when so treated, producing a large quantity of bloom. A. formosissima is another free- blooming variety to succeed A. aulica ; it has flowers of a beautiful rich colour, which are very effective when cut for vases. It needs treatment similar to that given the first-named species. Gloxinias are often so much shaded that they become drawn ; they do better with less shade during sunshine, if they have become inured to it from the first; positions on shelves near the roof suit them well. Any repotting needed should be attended to, for if the plants are allowed to get too far into bloom before repotting, a check is given them. Young plants may be pricked off into small pots, and these plants will flower late in the autumn. Weak manure water is beneficial to Gloxinias when the pots are full of roots. We use Clay's Fertiliser once a week. Gloriosas, as they fill their pots with roots, should be top-dressed with dry cow-dung, and kept trained on wires near to the light. The tubers of Achi- menes to flower late should be started, and also a few pots of Gesneras, for early autumn flowering, and later, and these tubers should be selected from such as are just beginning to grow. The main lot should be started later when the flowering stove plants are over, as they then come in more acceptably. A large proportion of peat, a little loam, leaf soil, and coarse silver sand, make a suitable compost for these plants ; and very little water must be given them before active growtli begins, and they should not be syringed overhead. A shelf out of the reach of the daily syringings suits them best. Any of the Eucharis amazonica requiring shifting or dividing may be attended to. These plants do well in a compost of three parts turf loam, a small quantity of leaf soil, some charcoal broken small, and J-inch bones. I put the bones directly above the crocks, and do not shift these plants often, but supply manurial food, and grow them on continually, and do not dry them off at all, and by following this plan I get flowers in quantity three times in a year. Hymenocallis and Pancratium should be repotted if this appears neces- sary. These plants are liable to be infested with red-spider and thrips, and should not be grown therefore in dry hot-houses ; or the frequent wash- ing and syringing of the undersides of the leaves be neglected. Hymenocallis maciostephana is a fine plant when well flowered, the very fragrant flowers lasting a long time. The plant needs similar treatment to Eucharis. Imantophyllums, now useful, should have weak liquid-manure fre- quently, which will induce the plants to throw up strong flower stalks, and give substance to the flowers. I. miniatum and I. splendens will produce a suc- cession of spikes if well treated. The latter is the best for the purpose, as it produces a longer spike and larger blooms. They do well in Eucharis com- post, and will remain much longer in bloom if re- moved to a cool and dry house. They do not re- quire to be often shifted, but to have plenty of manure-water. Most of the species of Crinums should be growing freely. Much shading and all over- potting should be avoided; the compost advised for Eucharis will suit these plants. Plunge the pots whenever practicable in cocoa-fibre, or half-de- cayed leaves, giving plenty of water and liquid- manure. When they are growing, syringe them daily ; but withhold water as they complete their growth, giving the tubers a thorough ripening. Vallota purpurea should also be growing freely. A place in a greenhouse, near the glass, to prevent drawing, suits thena. G. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. Aran 26, 1K0.1 THE G A BEE NEBS' CHRONICLE 519 The Orchid Houses. East-Indian House. — Great care should be taken to keep this house at aa even temperature, whatever may be the fluctuation in the temperature outside, variable degrees of warmth checking active growth readily. Shadings must be let down during bright sunshine, bnt run up again during cloudy intervals ; a moderate amount of heat should be kept up in the hot-water pipes, and regulated as may be found necessary. The sooner the Phahenopsis plants are started into growth in the spring the better. In ventilating, do not give too much air by the top ventilators, but give rather more at the bottom if the shutters are placed over the hot-water pipes, thus preserving the balance of air and moisture. Keep a look-out on all Aerides aud Vandas which have been repotted, so that no shell 6nails or slugs make havoc with the young roots. Traps should be continually set for these; Potatos cut in halves, and hollowed out in the centre, make excellent traps not only for snails, but for wire-worms, centipedes, wood-lice, and others, the larv;e of which are intro- duced in sphagnum moss. Whatever traps are used, night searching with a lamp should not be neglected. Calanthe Veitchii and C. vestita, if now showing young growths above the pottiug material, should, on the first fine sunny morning, be given a thorough soaking in warm water. This will last them fur some time if the pots are syringed twice a day after- wards, the plants themselves not being syriDged for some few weeks yet, otherwise the young growths will spot ; if this occurs, they seldom do well, aud always look badly for the rest of the year. Odontoglossum Londesboroughianum. a beautiful Orchid that seldom does well, I find to grow satisfac- torily if placed upon a raft, stood inside a large pot, peat and sphagnum moss being placed about the roots. The plants should be placed close to the glass, and but little water afforded until roots are seen to be pushing forth. No water may lodge in the centre of the young growths of this plant. Oypripedium bel- latulum is now throwing up its flowers, and the majority of the spikes are twin flowered ; a little guano rubbed into the water will prove beneficial to these plants, and care should be taken to let asjlittle as possible of this manure-water enter the heart of the plants, otherwise it will discolour them, but clear water may be poured with impunity over the plants when dry. The temperature should be as nearly as possible the same as that recommended in the last Calendar. Cattlcya-house. — The past winter seems to have been favourable to the ripening of Cattleyas, for seldom do I remember seeing them push so many flower-buds as is the case this season. C. Bow- ringiana should now be repotted ; it is a strong rooter, and I find that it, like all the thin-rooted Cattleyas, clings firmly to the pot, so that big shifts should not be given it. But little water should be given repotted plants for a month afterwards — in lact, not until the roots are seen to be growing freely, when a good supply should be afforded. Shading for this house will now have become necessary at times. C. Gaskelliana, if now pushing up growth, should not be too liberally supplied with water before the leaves burst and show if the growths are sheathing, for big growths without flowers are very disappointing in any plant ; but keeping on the dry side at the proper moment will usually ensure bloom. Keep the atmosphere of the house some- what moist, yet buoyant, the bottom ventilators being seldom shut, unless while cold winds blow. The temperature may range from 65° at night to 80° by sunheat. A. G. Catt, Parkfield, Worcester, Fruits Under Glass. The Fruiting Pine House. — Continue to encou- rage the swelling up the pips by the maintenance of a high temperature, neither too arid nor too humid , but avoid any attempt to reduce warmth by admit- ting cold air in large quantities, as this always extracts the moisture from the air in the bouse, and distresses the plants; whereas insufficient ventilation causes drawing of the leaves and crowns, and indif- ferent flavour. The house should be damped down, and closed before the sun quite leaves it, and the warmth run up to 95°, and allowed to fall during the evening to 70°, some of the humidity escaping by a slight vent left at the top of the house, Whenever the sun shines warmly the top-heat should be shut off, and, if necessary, the bottom-heat valves opened, and vice versa ; at night-time and in cold or cloudy weather shading in the form of a double thick- ness of 1-inch mesh netting should be kept in readiness to use during bright sunshine. Plants selected for fruit- ing in January and February last which instead of showing fruit have made growth, seldom prove satisfac- tory, and although they may become of a very large size, usually produce small fruits. If any of the Black Prince type show bloom now, there is the greater certainty of securing good fruit, which will ripen well at base and top alike. Succession Pines will be growing vigorously, and should have more and rather stronger manure-water, the syringe being plied amongst them moderately, and the walls, floors, and dry corners kept moist, but seeing that no water accumulates in the axils of the leaves. Let the bottom-heat be from 70° to 80°, ventilate freely, but avoid cold draughts. If the plants are not able to stand sunshine, and show bronzed or" cupped " leaves, give the plants a small amount of shade during bright sunshine. Suckers on old stools and which are of a large size may be potted into 7-inch pots ; and earlier potted ones, if found to be well-rooted, may be moved into fruiting pots, this being preferable to waiting until the general potting time comes round, and a better succession is secured. Keep stools which have broad leaves and have produced good-sized fruit for propagation purposes. Melons, from the time the blooms are set until the swelling of the fruit ceases, should have plenty of water, and some manurial stimulant, as, if once checked, they are seldom satisfactory ; but as soon as swelling has ceased, and during the brief period before colouring commences, water should be gradually withheld, and the atmospheric moisture reduced in quantity, so as to impart flavour, and avoid the cracking of the fruit. Should stem canker show itself, a little quick-lime rubbed in carefully will generally prevent any fatal termination to the malady. Cut the fruit as soon as the aroma is per- ceptible, and the foot-stalk parts slightly from the fruit. Plant out successions in firm soil consisting of turfy loam and road-scrapings; regulate laterals by thinning and stopping, and endeavour to secure the opening of six female flowers at the sometime, and make use of nt-U or boards to support the fruit. Top-dress the hills with rough loam and bone- meal as may be required. Sow more seeds — Blenheim Orange is good for frames and houses, except for the earliest crop. Cucumbers, spring-sown, and grown in houses or frames, will now be fruiting, and must be regularly thinned at short intervals, and the crop of young fruits reduced in number. Soot or weak guano- water, house-sewage, or liquid manure given alter- nately is of benefit, together with top-dressings of horse-droppings, turfy bam, and bone-meal, syring- ing heavily, but being careful to have the foliage dry by nightfall, Sow for succeeding crops both frame and ridge kinds. Hollison's Telegraph, if the strain be a good one, cannot be excelled as a frame variety. W. Crump, Madresfield Court, Malvern. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Raspdkrkiks. — Quarters of these fruits should be cleared of weeds, and dressed with soot. If the mulching was applied, as advised, the same should be raked to spread it well amongst the stools. If manure be plentiful, and the soil not rich, another dressing may be afforded it, for Raspberries cannot be grown well without an abundance of rich food and much moisture. The crop will, I think, be a heavy one this season, and will well repay extra atten- tion afforded the plants. If slugs abound, it is a good plan to dust well all mulchings and shoots with fresh unslaked lime. Currants and Gooseberries. — These look very pro- mising, and all going well, the crop will be a heavy one ; however, there are many pests to contend with before gathering-time. After danger from frost is passed, the most dreaded enemies are the caterpillars, of Nematus Kibesii, Gooseberry saw-fly ; and Ten- thredo grossulariai, Currant sawfly. If clearing away 2 inches of soil round bushes affected by the creature last year, and burning the same, was not adopted, fork the soil lightly round them now, and apply some powdered lime, (is these pests lie just under- neath the surface, Disbudding. — Timely disbudding and stopping ot strong shoots in order to equalise growth in wall and other fruit trees, is an important operation, and should never be neglected. Much judgment is requisite to know how to disbud properly ; and the operator must be guided by the kind of fruit tree, the form it is desired to take, soil, and climate. A safe rule to follow is to thin out the shoots, bo that no one of them will overlay another; or, in other words, each shoot should have full exposure to light. With Apricots which are growing strongly, and making a profusion of wood, persistent stopping of sub-laterals will prove conducive to fruitfulnees. It matters little how long the new shoots made may be, if the side laterals are kept closely pinched iu throughout the season— fruit-buds will form on their entire length. Mascots are frequently troublesome on these trees, and their presence may always be suspected when the leaves curl up ; and on examina- tion they will be found curled up in them ; the only remedy, therefore, is hand-picking. Protection. — Where branches of Spruce Fir, &C, have been employed for the protection of Apricots, Peaches, and Nectarines, care must be exercised that the brauches are not placed so closely together as to exclude light and air, or great injury will be done. Usually the needles of Fir branches will drop after a little warm sunshine, but if this should not take place rapidly, some of the branches ought to be taken away from the wall ; and as soon as the fruits are set, all the branches may be removed, but not all at once. Blinds on rollers or strips of Tifftny, hexagon netting, or other protecting material, must be con- tinued to be employed, as a safeguard against morning frosts. A. Evans, Li/t/ie Hill, Haslemere. The Kitchen Garden. Ply the Dutch hoe among Onions sown in March. If the Onion maggot is feared, early and frequent applications of fresh soot should be given when the tops are damp with dew, and the same will also serve as a fertiliser. Potatos. — The tops of these, if peeping through the soil, should have a little fine soil drawn over them to prevent injury by frost, and when too large for this being done, some litter or bracken kept in readiness for the purpose should be laid over them when required. For supplying youni; tubers at a late period, some approved varieties of Kidneys should have their sprouts rubbed off, and be put in a cool place to be planted as may be required. French Beans. — Some rows of the Ne Plus Ultra may now be sown either at the foot of a south wall, or on a warm well-sheltered border. Plant in shallow drills 18 inches apart, and from 6 to 8 inches from bean to bean. Some may also be for- warded in small pots, planting three beans in each pot, and give them cold-frame treatment for the pre- sent ; these will produce some nice dishes ten days to a fortnight before those that are sown outBide. It is somewhat too early to plant large breadths. Tomatos. — Plants may be shifted into 32's, and assisted with a small amount of warmth, so that by planting out time they will have attained sufficient strength to at once commence fruiting. Pot the plants lirmly, and tie each to a strong stick. For fruiting outside, I find the single stem plan the best ; nil side -.hunts being removed as fast as they appear. Mushroom beds may now be made in sheds, or positions where the beds may be kept in darkness. The materials should not be allowed to heat till they become dry, but should be frequently turned till the rank steam and strong heat are dissipated, and then made up firmly; spawned when the warmth has declined to 98°, and cased over with adhesive loam. Beds in bearing will require more water than hitherto ; rain-water at 85° is best. If possible, keep the warmth of the Mushroom house under G0°. Seakale. — Planting must not be further delayed ; cut the crown level of old plants which have yielded their crop for the season, and put a little coal ash or fine soil over each. Capsicum plants may be pricked off, putting three plants in a 3-inch pot, and using sandy soil. Keep the plants on a shelf near the glass in heat, and shade slightly until established. In cold districts Capsicums are best when grown indoors, but strong forward plants will thrive very satisfactorily if properly hardened oft' when planted out in wanner districts, N, Markham, Mcrcv.vrth Castle, Maidstone, 520 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [April 26, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of local events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and plants for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only of the paper, and sent as early in the iveek as possible. Photographs or draivings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plants, flowers, trees, §c, are also solicited. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not expect to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than siv should be sent at one time. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. THURSDAY, MEETING. May 1— Linnean Society. SHOWS. (Manchester Royal Botanical So- Aphil 2fK „„'''ety: ~, .. . ,, * "'larium, W e-tminater (two v\ Royal Aqi ( days). TUESDAY, April 29} I Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Shrubs, Border Hunts, &c, at Stevens' Rooms. Lilies, Greenhouse Plants, &c, at i , Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. I Clearance of Greenhouse Plants, Glass Erections, Sec. at the Kltliam r urseries, Eltham, by , Protheroe & Morris. THURSDAY, FRIDAY, May Is CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 50°.7. The meeting of the Horticultural The Horticul- mi jj..ll * tural Hall * rac-e' convened at the rooms of the Royal Horticultural Society on Tuesday last, was not so numerously attended as it might have been, but for all that it was hopeful and zealous. The Council was well represented, and among those present we noticed Messrs. Bull, Bunyard, Cannell, Cheal, Fraser, Lane, Noble, Prince, G. Paul, Pearson, Sherwood, Rivers, Sander, Williams. The business of the meeting was briefly introduced by the President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, who then called on Baron Von Schroder to explain the scheme in detail. This he did in terms as lucid and straightforward as they were energetic. The Baron is an excellent speaker, evidently tho- roughly in earnest, and if his arguments, state- ments of fact rather, do not convince the horti- culturists of the soundness of the prospects, of the validity of the security, and of the duty of the trade to support the scheme, even in their own interests only, we do not know what will do so. The scheme has been lately pub- lished in our columns, so that we need not enter into full detail. It must suffice to say that lovers of horticulture are requested to lend (not to give) to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Baron Henry Schroder, and to Everard Hambro, Esq. (not to the Royal Horticultural Society), a sum of not less than £40,000, but as much more as possible. The interest of the greater part of the lump sum would be suffi- cient to secure the ground-rent for the site on the Embankment, and a portion of the capital would be expended in building a suitable Horti- cultural Institute, for the use of which the Royal Horticultural Society would pay rent, as they do now, for what the Baron contemptuously oalled a " Dust-bin." Any of the minor organisations and special societies, the Lindley Library, the charitable societies, and other associations connected with horticulture, could be housed in the same build- ing, a permanent exhibition of horticultural appliances, &c, held, and a rent obtained by letting the large rooms and basement when not required for horticultural purposes. The money would be paid back (without interest) in the form of bonds, and the faster the money comes in, the faster will the bonds be redeemed. The security is beyond all doubt ; all that the horticulturists are really asked to do is to sacri- fice the interest on the sums they subscribe. Surely this is a very small matter by comparison to the immense advantages to horticulture generally, and the direct benefit of those who have business tact enough to avail themselves of the opportunities the proposed Institute would offer. The names of the first six gentlemen on the list, each of whom has promised to give £1000, should surely inspire sufficient confidence in the scheme. Here are the names in question : The Buke of Westminster, Lord Rothschild, Lord Revelstoke, Baron Henry Schroder, E. A. Hambro, Esq., J. S. Morgan, Esq. The Pre- sident offers £250; Messrs. Veitch, collectively, £200; Messrs. Sander & Co., £200; Hurst & Sons, £200; Baron Erlanger, £250; Henry Tiarks, £200; Sir Edmund Loder, £200; Mr. Haywood, £100: Sutton & Sons, £100; B. S. Williams, £100 ; besides a large number of hor- ticulturists of all grades and descriptions who contribute smaller sums. We cannot but think, after the meeting on Tuesday, that success will be achieved, and that the dream in which we have so often indulged will become a substantial reality. The Royal Horticultural Society has, it is evident, turned the corner of its difficulties, and so far from " dying a disgraceful death in a dust- bin," is, if properly managed in the interests, not of fashion but of horticulture, once more on the high road to success. The Baron secured a point by his alliterative phrase above quoted, but it is quiteclear that the horticulturists are not going to permit the Society to undergo disgraceful extinction. Thanks to the labours of the last two years, and the unwearied devotion of the officers, the Society has thrown off the dreadful slough which fettered its movements at South Kensington, and as it has been by far the most useful of our horticultural societies in the past, so it will, in the future, be more than ever the representative of national horticulture and all that that implies. Reverting to the proceedings at the meeting, we may add that the first resolution, proposed by Mr. Bull, and seconded by Mr. Binyard, sig- nified the cordial approval of the programme put forth by Baron Schroder, and pledged the members of the trade to do their utmost to carry it out. Mr. George Pail, Mr. Sher- wood, and Mr. Bruce Eindlay spoke in support of the scheme, the latter speaker empha- sizing the fact that this is no mere metropolitan scheme, but a national one, and that the wider the basis the greater the chance of success. The second resolution, proposed by Mr. Harry Williams, and seconded by Mr. Cheal, nomi- nated a representative committee of the British nursery trade, to aid in carrying out the scheme, and which, for our part, we very earnestly press upon the attention of our readers, not in the interests of this Society, or that branch of com- merce, but on the grounds of national utility. THE VEITCH MEDALS.— It was a worthy inno- vation that the Trustees committed when, a year or two back, they decided to honour the gardener for his work in general, and not merely for his success in the contests of the Exhibition tent. Last year the Medal went to Mr. Barron, this year to Mr. David Thomson and Mr. Bruce Findlay. Could a better selection of representative men have been made ? Will not those whom in future the Trustees think fit to select feel an additional honour in the remembrance cf their predecessors ? .Tames Veitch, to perpetuate the memory of whom the medal was instituted, was a shrewd judge of men, and his selection of gardeners to fill important posts showed it. It is, therefore, appropriate that the Veitch Trustees should endeavour to carry out the same principle by awarding honour where honour is due. In their replies to the compliments paid them two things were specially striking. Mr. David Thomson* spoke of the satisfaction he felt in having fulfilled his duty as a servant. Mr. Findlay in his turn spoke of the high aims of horticulture contributing to the necessities and pleasures of every individual, and at the same time as being of great national benefit. Rating Nurseries and Market Gardens. — In the Budget proposals of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is one for defining trade machinery for rating purposes. Underthis heading would probably be included such trade fixtures as hot-water boilers, greenhouse pits, &c. For a fuller exposition of the aims and character of the proposed measure, we refer our readers to an article by Mr. Goodchild, of the Nursery and Seed Trade Protection Society, p. 515. The Daffodil Conference.— We are glad to hear that the financial results were satisfactory, lor while we recognise the importance of having a town house for show and business purposes, we can never forget that the highest and best work of the Society as a scientific institution must be done at and in connection with Cbiswick. Chiswick, too, is the centre of an enormous population, a large pro- portion of whom ought to be supporters of the Society, and who should appreciate the advantages of the Society's garden. Horticultural Club.— The usual monthly dinner took place at the Hotel " Windsor " on Tues- day last, when Dr. Hogg presided, Messrs. David Thomson and Bruce Findlay being the guests of the Club. Among those present were Messrs. F. W. Burbidge, A. F. Barron, S. Barlow, C. M. Cowan, D. Thomson, Jr. ; W. Bull, D. Morris, Rev. W. Wilks, P. Crowley, A. H. Pearson, H. Turner, G. Bunyard, G. Paul, S. Hibberd, A. J. Veitch, and the Rev. H. H. D'Ombrain. Linnean Society.— A meeting was held on April 17, Mr. Carruthers, F.R.S., President, in the chair. Messrs. E. C. Galpin, T. Johnson, W. F, Kirby, J. B. Carruthers, and J. S. Turner were elected Fellows. Lord Arthur Russell, on behalf of the subscribers to a portrait of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, which had been painted at their request by Mr. Hubert Herkomer, R.A., formally presented the portrait to the Society, and in a few words expressed the satisfaction which he was sure would be felt at the acquisition of the likeness of so dis- [The Gardeners' Chronicle, April 2H, 1890. FlO. 83. -AK1STOL0CHI4 QOLDEANA : FLOWEBS CKEAM- COLOURED, WITH PDBPI.ISH VEINS. (skE P. 525.) 522 THE GARB ENER 8 CHR OKI CLE [ April 26, 1890. tinguished a botanist. It was announced that a photogravure of the portrait was in preparation, of which a copy would be presented when ready to every subscriber to the portrait fund. Dr. Edward Fischer, of Zurich, exhibited and made remarks on certain species of Polyporia bearing a sclerotium possessing the structure of Paehyma cocos, but it was doubtful whether the Polyporia represented the fructification of the Paehyma, or was merely parasitic on it. Mr. George Murray expressed himself in favour of the latter view. At the evening meeting to be held on May 1, 1S00, at 8 p.m., the following papers will be read : — 1, " Quantitative Examination of Water- meadow Herbage," by Professor W. Fream, F.L.S. ; 2, " On some Old World Species of Scorpion," by B. J. Pocock. WlLDSMlTH Memorial.— The monies already received in aid of the above are as follow : — Amount previously Mr. J. Davidscn ... 0 10 0 acknowledged ... 91 0 6 .1. Oilier Cooper, Esq. 0 10 0 John Noble. Esq. ... 2 0 Mr. A. Blaz-y 0 10 0 Horticultural Club- 2 0 0 Mr. G. Seymour ... 0 10 0 Friends (per Mr. C. Miss Tate 0 10 Ilott) 1 4 0 Bournemouth Gar- Mr. and Mrs. Evans, deners' Association 0 10 0 and family 1 10 0 Mr. J. Moffatt 0 10 0 Collected by Miss E. Mr. E. Butts 0 10 0 Butler 1 10 0 T. Francis Rivers, Mrs. E.Qnartermaine Esq 0 10 0 and friends 1 11 0 Alfred Palmer, E=q . 2 2 Torquay Horticul- Mrs. R. Cook 1 0 0 tural Society 1 1 0 R. Beoyon.Esq.,J.P. 1 0 0 Mr. .1. Ollerhead ... 1 1 0 The Mi,ses Newen Mr. E. Nichols 1 1 0 (per Mr. J. Bovvly) 1 0 0 Mr. A. Outram 1 1 II Messrs. Lane & Son, Miss F. Tale 1 1 o Berkhamstead 1 1 0 Mr. J. H. Hose 1 0 0 Messrs. W. Thjmsou Mr. T. Jones 1 0 0 & Son 1 0 0 Mr. B Cromwell ... 1 0 0 Mi?s Marsou 1 0 0 Mr. W. J. Novell ... 0 10 6 Mr. . I. Crook 0 10 0 Charles Turner, Esq. 0 10 0 Mr. T. Weaver 0 10 0 Mr. J. George 0 10 6 Mr. J. Bowerman ... 0 10 0 Mr. C. Ross 0 10 0 Mr. H. Scarborough 0 10 0 Captain Tucker ... 0 10 0 Mr. W. Chown 0 10 0 Mr. C. Denning ... 0 10 0 Amounts under 10s. . 5 6 6 TwoFriends(perMr. - Hams Hall. — Too often have we had to lament the destruction ol country seats owing to the absence of adequate precaution. We do not know whether the destruction of Lord Norton's place is attri- butable to any such lack. It is fortunate that the library is rescued. The building itself was not remarkable. Fruit at the Antipodes.— We read in the Madland Mercury for February 18 this year, that the fruit production of the Singleton district is assuming very large proportions. At the Farmers' Union sales, held every Tuesday, immense quan- tities of Grapes, Apples, Pears, Quinces, Tomatos, Melons. &c, are sold to numerous buyers who now attend the auction sales regularly from Sydney, Newcastle, Branxton, Muswellbrook, Scone, and other northern towns as far as Armidale. Grapes form the principal item in February, and splendid fruit was sold as low as one halfpenny per lb. at that period. A New Variety of Broccoli.— Messrs. Hurst & Son, Houndsditch, London, send for our inspection an immense head of Broccoli which has a perfectly firm curd of creamy-white, measuring 32 inches in circumference. The heart-leaves are sufficiently large to protect the large head from discoloration by sua or frost. Mr. B. Hartland, Temple Hill, Cork, is the raiser. Tree P/eonies at Mr. Wm. Gordon's — At the Fullwell branch of the Nurseries of Mr. Wm. Gordon, of Twickenham, and which is largely devoted to plants imported from Japan, Tree P:conies have been in great beauty for the past ten days. At present many are in bloom there, some of the flowers are of an extraordinary size, and some delightfully fragrant. As seen, the following would make a good selection : — Snowball, a fine white; Flag of Truce, semi-double white; Lady Lottie, white, shaded yellow; Spring, white, with violet centre ; Prince Albert, maroon, semi-double ; Lady Dora, bright pink ; Lord Randolph, bright pink, flaked white ; Dr. Gordon, immense single rose-pink ; Lady Doble, white, flaked rose ; Venus, single white. There is also to be found at the nursery a curiously dwarfed Japanese Cherry tree in bloom, and a good houseful of Lilies. ANEMONES.— Among the Daffodils at Chiswick last week, and forming a marked contrast to them, were some vaiieties of Anemone coronaria, exhibited by Mr. Gilbert, of a very high degree of excellence. The form was regular enough to please a florist, the colour a particularly rich luminous scarlet. The stamens are a deep violet colour, the filaments slender and expanding into a lanceolate blade, with recurved margins, this blade, of course, representing the anthers. The pistils are represented by a regu- larly disposed tuft of many rows of linear obtuse spreading petals double the length of the stamens, and completely concealing them. Spring is Coming.— We can testify to the fact, as having been privileged to hear the cuckoo in Richmond Park on the 16th, and to see a swallow in the same locality on the 22nd. Flowers at Stanmore Hall.— In the lofty Orangery and Camellia-house which stands in this fine garden at Stanmore, now the property of W. K. D'Arcv, Esq., the gardener, Mr. Wm. Tidy, has made good use of the pillars and roof to secure an almost endless supply of Roses, and also a large quantity of Grapes of good quality; some seasons as many as 400 bunches being got from this house alone. On the iron pillars and roof are profusely flowered Roses ; Lamarcke, Niphetos, and others having already given fine supplies of bloom which will be continued throughout the season. A note- worthy feature is the profusion of bloom on the hybrid perpetuals trained to the pillars, the old Cabbage Rose la Reine being one of the most beau- tiful and prolific. The body of the house is occu- pied by large Orange, Camellia, and Rhododendron trees, one specimen of the beautiful white R. Gib- soni having hundreds of blooms, and smaller ones raised by Mr. Tidy from seeds of the large specimen, are very pretty objects. A ChamaMops Fortunei gome 20 feet high, occupies the centre under the dome, and at the back is a marble bay very tastefully arranged with white Arums and Ferns. Among the plants in the house are specimens of many inter- esting Ferns and flowering plants, by no means common. Libertia ixioides is very well flowered, and a gigantic standard Cactus, furnished with hundreds of buds, will shortly be a splendid sight. In the lesser plant - houses the Azaleas are good, the Eucharis and the double Cinerarias excellent ; and the Primulas and other flowering plants of the season show the skill of a master hand. Among the few Orchids to be found here are some highly de- veloped plants of Cypripedium barbatum grandi- florum in bloom. NEPENTHES. — An interesting article by Mr. George Tkuefaut, on the hybridisation of these plants, is given in the Revue, de Vhorticulture Beige, April 1. It contains a list of the hybrids obtained up to this time, with an indication of their parentage and of their raisers. "Journal des Orchidees."— In the second number of this periodical, the use of shreds of tobacco-paper thrown on the hot water-pipes of the Orchid-houses is recommended. The effect is continuous without the disadvantages of fumigation. Another article is devoted to the potting of Orchids, and one to the culture of Orchids for market. TURNIP-TOPS— A farmer at Bury St. Edmunds has lately published his experiences of Turnip-tops, which are as striking as they are instructive : — Last month he sent 150 bags of " Tops," each weighing 60 lb. to 70 lb., to the Borough Market, and they sold for Is. 3d. each : total, £9 7s. Gd. ; of this sum the middleman appropriated £3 2s. 6^., or at the rate of, say, 33 per cent., for " commission," while £2 12s. id, was swallowed up for carriage, including 2s. for empties, leaving £3 12s. &d. Next he forwarded 70 bags to Stratford Market, which brought £2 14s. Sd. ; for this transaction the middle- man extorted £1 3s. 4d., or nearly 50 per cent., the carriage being 19s. lid., leaving lis. For the 220 bags of Tops, therefore, the farmer received cheques for £4 3s. 8d., against which was the set-off of 3a!. per bag for gathering, and 20s. for carting and other labour; net result, 8s1 8d. A New Flora of Warwickshire. — It is many jears since Perry's Plantee Varvieenses Selcctm was published, and meanwhile botanical science has made great advances, and immense changes have taken place in nomenclature and the subdivision of species. It has long been obvious that a new county flora is a book to be desired. Quietly, perseveiingly, an 1 effectually, for something like a quarter of a century, one of the best, probably the very best, systematic botanist born in Warwickshire, Mr. James E. Bagnali , of Birmingham, Associate of the Linnean Society, has been collecting materials for a full and reliable account of the flowering plants, Ferns, and Mosses of bis native county, and these have been, with great care and labour, duly arranged and systematised, and are noiv ready to be handed to the in inter. Mr. Bagnall's Flora will include about 1000 more species and varieties of plants than were recorded by Perry', and will make a volume of about 500 pages, demy 8vo, set in brevier, and be indeed the first complete Flora of Warwickshire ever published. The plan pursued by the author is to divide the county into ten districts, based on the river drainage. Each of the rivers is traced in its course through Warwickshire ; the district watered by it is described — including an account of its physical and geological features — and the more special plants enumerated. The status and distribu- tion of each plant is given, those which are local and rare being traced through each district in which they occur ; the synonyms of the older botauists are quoted, together with habitats, times of flowering, &c. There is also a summary of the geographical distribution of each plant, with lists showing their occurrence in the neighbouring counties of Leicester, Oxford, and Northampton. The work of all former botanists down to date will be fully used, and, judging by some portions of the book which we have been privileged to see, we have no hesitation in say- ing this new work will be the standard Flora of Warwickshire. The geology of the county will be described by Mr. A. Bernard Badger, B.A., Bub- dett-Coutts Scholar, Oxford. Tne book will be published by subscription, price 12s. Gd. per copy, and will be limited to 500 copies, each of which will be numbered and signed. Intending subscribers should forward their names to Mr. J. E. Bagnall, A.L.S , 84, Witton Road, Aston, Birmingham. '• The Tropical Agriculturist," published in Ceylon by Messrs. Ferguson, of Colombo, monthly, comprises a series of extracts and original articles relating to economic botany and cultivation, of great use to growers in hot countries. A monthly supplement is now added, consisting of articles on the elements of vegetable physiology, economic entomology, and other subjects likely to be of service to agriculturists. CYCLAMEN EUROPIUM. — According to a para- graph which is going the round of the Press, " the Prefect of Savoy " has prohibited the gathering of Cyclamen in the woods of his department. It would be well if the lords-lieutenants of counties had similar power here to ensure the preservation of Ferns and Primroses. Royal College of Science, Dublin.— Mr. Thomas Johnson, Demonstrator in Botany at the Normal School of Science, South Kensington, has been appointed Professor of Botany at the Royal College of Science, Dublin, in place of the late Dr. McNab, Apbit 26, 1890.] TEE GARDENERS' CERONICLE. 523 Ghent Chambre SYNDICALE— At a meeting held on April 7, First-class Certificates were awarded to Pandanus Trojanowski, from M. A. Van Geert ; to Azalea indica Mdlle. Louise Cuvelier, from M. J. De Kneef ; to Euonymus japonicus micro- phyllus variegatus, from M. A. Dalliere ; to Pandanus glaucus, from M. Spac-Vander Meulen ; to Epiden- drnm Wallisi, from M. A. Van Imschoot; to Genista Andreana, from M. Ad. D'Haene; to Odontoglossum species, O. triumphans, Cattleya Mendelii Tar., and C. Warcewiczi var., from M. Jules Hye. Presentation to Mr. R. Dean. — At the beginning of the present year Mr. R. Dean resigned the office of Hon. Secretary to the Ealing, Acton. and Hanwell Horticultural Society, which he had held for a period of fourteen years. In order that some suitable recognition ot Mr. Dean's services to the Society during the past nineteen years should be made, a Committee was formed to obtain subscrip- tions, so that an appropriate present should be given to him, with the result, that on the evening of the 22nd inst., a number of subscribers to the fund met at the London and County Bank, and Mr. Robert Willey, on their behalf, presented Mr. Dean with a gold keyless English lever watch, by Benson-, of the value of £20, and Mr. G. F. Nixon a purse of sovereigns, both gentlemen bearing testimony to Mr. Dean's services to the Society. A suitable acknow- ledgment was made, and the proceedings closed with a hearty vote of thanks to the Committee. Anemones.— Some beautiful St. Bridgid Ane- mones, large, and varied in colour, and showing extraordinary vigour, reach us from " St. Bridgid's " Irish garden. Biographical Index of British and Irish BOTANISTS. — From the Journal of Botany for April, 1890, we transcribe the following names from the "Biographical Index of British and Irish Bota- nists," compiled by James Britten, F.L.S., and G. S. Boulgek, F.L.S.:— " Ordavno, Thomas (fl. 1807). Nurseryman of Newark. ' Flora Nottinghamiensis," 1807. Pritz. 237 ; Jacks. 258. "Paoe, William Bridoewateb (fl. 1817). Nur- seryman of Southampton. 'Prodromus of PI. in Southampton Bot. Card.,' 1817. Fritz. 239 ; Jacks- 415." "Parkinson, John (1567 — 1650): b. Notting- ham (?), 1567; d. London, Aug., 1650; bur. St. Martin's-in-the-Fields. Apothecary. King's Her- balist (' Botanicus Regius Primarius '). 'Parali-us Terrestris,' 1629; ' Tlieatrum Botanicom,1 1640. Had a garden in Long Acre. 'Theatrum.' 609, Pult., i., 138; Bee«; I'm/.., 240; Jacks., 689; Loudon, ' Arboretum,' 19, 53 ; Journ. Hort., xxviii., 1875, 193, with portr. Portr. by C. Switzer in ' Paradisus ; ' and one by W. Marshall in I'm i- truni ; ' re-engraved in Richardson's Illustr. to Granger. Parkintonia, L. " Parnell, Richard (d. 1882); b. I ) •voiiihiiv ; d. Edinburgh, 1882. Ichthyologist. M.D., F.R.S.E. Orig. Memb. Bot. Soc. Klin., IS36. Live. I in Jamaica, H 39. 'Iluws of Se >ilind,' l-l.'; 'Grasses of Britain,' 1845, both with ligs. ; drawn and engraved by himself. Pritz., 211 ; Jacks., 589 , Journ. But., 1883, 30; R. S. C, iv., 763. Herbarium of Grasses at Linn. Soc. I'm Parnellii, Bab. "Pahrv, Charles Christopher i 1823— 1890): b. Admington, Worcestershire, 28th Aug., 1823; d. Davenport, Iowa, 28th Feb., 1890. Went to America, 1832. Ml)., Botanical explorer and collector. On Mexican Boundary Survey, 1850; in Rocky Mountains, 1861. Botanist to Agric. Dept. Washington, 1869-71. ' Chorizanthe,' 1884, 1889, and various botanical papers. Friend of Torrey and Gray. Herb, at Devonport Acad. Nat. Sciences. Jacks., 589; R. S. C, iv., 767 ; viii., 565; ' Garden and Forest,' iii., 120; Bull, Torrey Bit. Club, March, 1890. Pinus Parryana, Kngeltn. "Pattok, GaoBCffl (1803—1869): b. 1803; d. (Henalmond, Perth, 30th Sept., 1869. Lord Justice Clerk of Scotland, 1867, as Lord Glenalmond. Chairman, Oregon Bot. Assoc. Introduced Cupres- sus Lawsoniana and Abies Pattoniana, Gard. Chron., 1869, p. 1043." "Paxtjn, Sir Joseph (1803—1865); b. Milton Bryant, Beds., 3rd Aug., 1S03 ; d. Sydenham, 8th June, 1865. F.L.S., 1833. Foreman, Chiswick Arboretum, 1824. Superintendent, Ohatsworth, 1826. 'Magazine of Bot.,' 1834. Travelled through S. Europe and Levant, 183S. 'Pocket Bot. Dic- tionary,'1S40. Knighted, 1851. M.P. for Coventry 1854. Pritz. 242 ; Jacks, 590 ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1865-6, lxxxi. ; Gard. Chron., 1865, 551; Journ. Hort. viii. (1865), 446, with portr.; and ix., 12. Journ. Bot., 1865, 231. Paxtonia, Lindl. "Peaece, Richard (d. 1868): d. Panama, 19 li July, 1868. Ot Stoke, Devonport. Collector for Messrs. Veitch & Bull. Plants at Kew and Brit. Mas. Journ. Bot. 1868, 320; Gard. Chron., 1868, 874, 893; Journ. Bot., xv. (1868), 134. S canthus Pearcei, Hook. f. " Penny, Geohge (d. 1838 or 1S39). Nurseryman. Of Epsom, Surrey. A.L.S., 1829. ' Hortus Epsoni- ensis.' Proc. Linn. Soc, i., 36." PLANT PORTRAITS. Anthurium Scuerzeriancm var. maximum album, Lindenia, t. 100. — Sufficiently described by its name. Begonia Adonis, Revue Horticule, April 1. — A hybrid between John Heale and a tuberous-rooted variety. Clianthus Dampieiii var. maroinatcs, Garden, March 29, 1890. Oeloqyxe cristata, B Horticulture Beige, April. Cypbipedium Ashuurtoni.i; sdpebbom X, Orchid Allium, t. 400. — A cross b.tween the var. superbum of C. barbatum and C. insigne. Cyprii'i dii-m kitbns X. — A cross between C. insigne var. Maulei and C. villosum, Lindmia,t. 2_''i. I-i t i v pouila and L. ppjiila vae. IKvr April 1. Lepismidm dissimile (Cactaceaj), Gartenjlmi, March 15. Odontoglossum Boddaertianum, Lindenia, t. 234. OooNI'OtlLOSSUM LUTKO PURl'UKKUM VAR. SCEPTRUM, srn var. Masereei.ianim, L Illustration Horticole, t. 99 A form like O. l.-p. sceptrum, but without any purple spots. isom, Lindenia, t. 221, iii \v.\\ . ISTABICANA, Bevue de Horticulture ill 1 Flowers deep orange, with a yellow lip. Si h wviikrry The BdbACB, Canadian HorticlU- . March. Home Correspondence. THE JAPANESE ANEMONES. ~A few years ago I went into a large nursery near London, and saw several large beds of the varieties of Anemone japouica, and I was then told there was no sale for it. These useful Anemones, like some other things, have had to pass through a season of comparative neglect ; but there are indications that it is again being sought alter. For massing it would be diffi- cult to name another free-growing hardy perennial, and it is not at all fastidious as to position or soil. As far as my own experience goes, it appears to do better in a stiff cold clayey soil on a north aspect rather than in a lighter soil and warmer position on a southern one. Therefore it is, it can be recom- mended for planting in out- ot-the-way spots, for it does not mind being under trees and in the shade. But to see either of the forms at their best, clumps should find a place in the herbaceous border, and be well cultivated. One of the pleasing evidences of our system of modern gardening is not only the growing popularity of hardy perennials, but also the fact that they are better cultivated than they used to be, The Japanese Anemones die down late in the autumn, and, save for the decaying flower-stems, the plants are almost hidden from view. It is then a good mulching of leaves and manure should be given them, after previously slightly forking over the surface. It is of no matter that a few small root-growths are disturbed, as the plants send down strong tap-roots deep into the soil, as any one can ascertain by attempting to dig up a well-established clump. Such a mulching is of immense benefit to the plants, and fine flowers reward the cultivator ; and as it is a plant that draws largely upon the resources of the soil, this mulching should be applied annually. The Japanese Anemone appears to be highly sensitive in the matter of existence ; the smallest rootlet almost will make a plant, and in a short time a big clump is formed. The species does not, to my mind, receive the attention it deserves; the flowers are large, handsome, and deep coloured, and it is of dwarfer growth than the rose-coloured or white forms. It does for an edging to beds of the latter, and my experience of it is that it is also more persistent in a cut state. The flowers of all are borne on long stems, and they are well adapted for vase decoration and other uses. R. D. RAPID APPLE-STOCK BUDDING. — Mr. Arthur Wm. Kdwards' record, in your last issue, of Apple- stock budding at the Stamford Nurseries is very interesting to all practical budders and grafters, and would be more explicit if the length of the day occupied iu the work was spec 'tied. At day-work ten hours is the recognised time, but when men are at piece-work they olten extend it oue or two hours. Mr. Edwards does not specify whether A. Hagger collected his own buds, or whether they were carried to him where he was at work, nor does he state whether lie tied in his buds, or was assisted by a tyer. These are details in the process of grafting which need be specified before a definite decision can be arrived at as to the speed of the operator. A good budder or grafter should be able, with the assistance of prepared buds, or grafts, and a tyer, to place 180 buds, or grafts, in an hour. This may appear— and is— fast work, but there are many expert hands who can accomplish it. 1 witnessed a w irkman's skill in this respect this grafting season, and he placed UK) grafts in thirty minutes. The success of the buds, or grafts, depends upon the health and good condition ot the stocks, which bhonld always be a little more advanced ingrowth than the scion, care and attention being paid to the sharpness of the knife used, and to placing the scions so that the bark of both should meet on one or both sides. To bud or to graft there are thiee or four distinct cuts to be made in different directions, so that Mr. Hugger deserves much credit, even if he had assistance ; but if he performed the whole of the operation single-handed, he deserves to be classed with Henderson's (of New York) Irishman, who is reputed to have potted 11,000 plants in one day. An Old G TOMATO SEED. — Iii answer to your corre- ■pondent, " A. 1).," 1 venture to offer my experience upon this suliji-ct. A Tomato ripened out-of-doors gives a larger quantity of fertile seeds than a fruit of tin- same variety perfects under glass, but the plants raised from it do not come so true as those from house-grown seed ; more, however, depends upon the variety than anything else. My Conference seed was ripened under glass, and every seed ap- peared to come up readily. It was the same with Prelude, one of its parents, Tennis-ball, Nesbitt's Victoria, and Chemin, whilst seed saved from indoor and outdoor specimens of Perfection have, in each case, germinated slowly, or not at all, and the plants grow unequally. My Ham Green Favourite seed ha* not germinated so well this spring as it did the last ; and it is the same with IJedham Favourite, Blenheim Orange, and Orange Queen. There is a tendency in ali the best Tomatos to become seedless, and many of the seeds are merely rudimentary. The Blenheim Orange Tomato, which is of very superior quality, furnished me with very few fertile seeds. The Conference Tomato is a good early variety, and bears abundantly. It is well suited for pot-culture. W, R., Slreathahi Hill. THE PROMI8E OF THE PLUM CROP.— As I look out from my working table southwards, there comes into the line of sight a plantation of some 400 line young standard trees of Victoria Plums, literally loaded with blossom, and promising an abundant crop. An examination of the flowers shows they are 524 THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [April 20, 1890. large, finely developed, and the prophesy of fruitful- ness appears to be written large upon the snowy petals. Alas! there is no knowing what fierce trials the crop will have to pass through ere the closing days of May come round. Twice in a year these Victoria Plums put on this apparel of snowy white- ness, viz., now, at the period of flowering, and again in winter, when the soft fleecy snow falls upon the branches, and robes them in a dress of feathery whiteness. Last year these trees flowered fairly abundantly, but bore very little fruit — not so much, apparently, because the frost destroyed the promise of a crop, but because there seemed to be a weakness in the blossoms which did not result in fruit-pro- duction. I have not seen the standard Green Gage Plums in this part of the country producing such an amplitude of blossoms as they do this season ; the branches are literally wreathed with white flowers. This is true also of the old Orleans. Large trees of Prince of Wales and Pond's Seedling are also profuse of bloom ; and so, should the elements be merciful, a really good crop of Plums may be looked for ; but cold storms of rain and hail by day, with frosts by night, are not of a nature to re-assure the appre- hensive fruit cultivator. He may exclaim, with fervour, "Oh ! that the elements would be merciful ! " but inexorable laws appear to be destitute of bowels of compassion, and the appeal is made in vain. E. D. CANFORD MANOR GARDENS.— When walking over Lord Wimborne's extensive gardens a few days ago with Mr. T. II. Grasp, the head gardener, many things of interest were noticed, and more than a few improvements which have lately been carried out. The terrace beds, which were formerly too flat, have been raised, and just before the visit of U.K. II. the Prince of Wales, they had been very tastefully planted with a selection of dwarf Conifers, Vincas, &c, the golden, red, and varied tints of foliage showing up with a very pleasing effect. With the beds so well furnished, the grass just taking on its spring-like greenness, and the gravel paths in a clean and hard condition, the terrace, and. indeed, the whole surroundings, at Canford, really looked charming on the afternoon of my visit. I may mention that there are some very fine specimens of Conifers on the lawns at Canford. The glasshouses have lately been repaired and re-painted, and look nice and clean, and the condition of the occupants proves Mr. Crasp has accomplished much good work during the short time that he has had the entire management of the garden. A house of pot Roses was furnishing plenty of cut bloom, and theCalanthes, which have a house almost to themselves, were very promising. In the front range of glass, several changes are contemplated, aud, among others, the Fig is to be more extensively grown. The Peach trees were well furnished with truit, and the Vines looked promising. With the exception of Orchids, Canford is a fully representative garden, but these are being worked up, and much attention is paid to the Orchids already there. Visitor. FUNGUS FOUND ON NASTURTIUM.— The en- closed fungus I do not remember to have seen before, or anything like it in colour. It was growing on the stem of a Nasturtium speciosum, about half an inch from the soil in the vinery. D. D. [The name of the fungus is Agaricus rcruginosus ; it is not uncommon. The blue-green colour of the cap is not very common amongst fungi. This fungus grows on the ground, and it must have got " half an inch " out of the soil and on to the Nasturtium stem by some accident ; the fungus is very glutinous when young, and will stick to anything. W. G, £.] RAILWAY CHARGES FOR VEGETABLES FROM C03K TO LONDON. — Does market gardening in Ireland pay ? According to my experience it does not. This day I sent three heads of Broccoli, packed in a basket to London via North Wall, and for which I paid charges to the amount of os. This seems to be an enormous price to pay for the car- riage of so small a package of vegetables. I am sure that the quantity put into the basket could easily be partaken of by three ordinary diners. Wm. Baylor Hartland, Ard-Cavin, Cork. LITTERING DOWN THE STRAWBERRY BEDS — This kind of protection and manuring combined is very generally left till it is too late for the plants to have the full benefit of the operation, as when the straw or litter is not put on early, much of the moisture has evaporated, and instead of surface- roots being plentiful they have not put forth, or if they have, it has been only in a small degree, and it naturally follows that the flower-spikes are weaker and the fruit smaller than when mulching has been early. To obviate these evils, the beds should be lightly hoed at once, to kill weeds, and as soon as that is done, it is a good plan to give a sprinkling of mixed soot and lime, which checks or destroys slugs, and then the beds should be strawed down ; the rains will cleanse it, and the moisture will be retained instead of being evaporated. Not only is much benefit derived by early littering, but at this season the work may now be done in much less time than when the foliage is larger, or the plants in flower. WALLFLOWERS.— Except when unusually severe weather has cut up the blood-red Wallflower severely, I have never seen them blooming in worse form than this year. It is somewhat odd that, whilst yellows should 6eem impervious to the cold, the reds have done so badly. The best preparation for an early and abundant supply of good market bloom, is found in a warm, dry autumn. The greater portion of the autumn of last year was unsettled and moist, so that the growth was neither stout nor firm. Possibly the very sharp frosts which took place before Christmas last did injure the shoots somewhat, because follow- ing so closely upon the dull autumn. In any case, during the winter and spring the bloom yield has been comparatively poor, and devoid of the cus- tomary rich colour; the petals small and irregular, the spikes badly developed. In this district, where Wallflowers, to afford market flowers, are grown by almost hundreds of acres, the nature of the bloom, and especially its earliness, are matters of the first importance. The plants are usually put out in .June, and in well-manured soil; that given, a good season, they make big clumps before the winter arrives. The object of the grower is to secure early winter bloom as a dibbling bloom, although the winter pays better than does a glut in the spring. All the same, very early got out plants are likely to suffer more from frost than are later planted ones. Whilst there seems to be but one variety of the dark red Wallflower, though known under diverse names, there is greater variety amongst yellows, but these are not at all popular as market Wallflowers ; generally they do not bloom so early as the dark red, which seems to have been educated in precocity. The tallest yellow is one oddly enough named Golden Tom Thumb, but it grows some 12 inches in height ; it is a fine variety for cutting from. Then comes Bedfont Yellow, dwarf, compact, rich orange-yellow in colour ; a continental yellow, often sold as Bel- voir Yellow, but it is too tall, and the true Belvoir Yellow, which should, when in bloom, not exceed 9 inches in height. A. B. THINNING OF VEGETABLE CROPS.— Advantage should always be taken of showery weather to thin all kinds of sown vegetables as soon as the seedlings are large enough to draw, and it is better to do this necessary operation twice, the first time thinning out the seedlings to 3 or 4 inches in the rows, and subse- quently drawing every other plant or more, if very fine specimens are desired ; however, 3 inches will be enough space to allow between Onion plants in the row, for bulbs for ordinary kitchen use. In thinning the crops of Carrots, Onions, Parsnips, &c, vacant spaces in the rows should be made good by trans- plantation of the young plants to the same depth in the ground as they were before ; and in the case of Unions, cutting back the straggling roots to within 1 inch of the bulb before doing so. Beetroot will also transplant well, but in this case the roots of the individual plants should be planted without any mutilation, and care taken not to bend them in planting. H. W. W. ANEMONE FULGENS.— Mr. Tomkins says, on p. 493, " Cultivated roots cannot be depended upon after the second year." If it were possible for him to give me a call, I could soon prove this to be a fal- lacy as regards this part of the country. In the gardens of T. II. Burroughes, Esq., at Ketton Cottage, near here, may be seen a very fine collection of the ditl'erent varieties, some of them in very large quan- tities. On a bright sunny day, when the flowers are open, they are a splendid sight, and 1 know of no other hardy spring flowering plant that would give results half as good so early in the season ; flowers having been gathered ever since last December. Mr. Bur- roughes has three distinct colours— crimson-purple, salmon, and scarlet— in quantity, and other shades in smaller numbers ; some very fine double varieties; also the beautiful deep scarlet single variety called grxca. In Mr. Wolley Dod's communication, p. 424, this is described as " hardly surviving a cold season ; " there is no doubt as to its hardiness here, however, and this is one of the coldest places in the country. All the varieties, however, do well in Mr. Burroughes' hands, and not only in the gardens, for by far the greater quantity is grown in what was until very re- cently an arable field. They are planted on the side that is sheltered from the north and north-east winds, and are fully exposed to the suu. Very little pre- paration is made for them beyond a dressing of burnt earth to keep the soil open and porous, and a little manure to make amends for the poverty of the soil, which is a stitlish loam full of small pieces of lime- stone, and it is naturally wet and cold in winter, and the exact reverse in summer. Mr. Burroughes has grown some of his roots for several years, and does not find that their flowering qualities deteriorate, but on the contrary the plants gain strength. As seen as I saw them to-day (April 19) from a distance, they look almost like a patch of scarlet Poppies in full summer. Small bunches of some of the most distinct varieties in this collection were exhibited in the vinery at Chiswick, on the occasion of the Daffo- dil Conference, aud if some bunches had been placed among the Daffodils, they would have afforded a great contrast of colour aud relief to the eye, show- ing off the Daffodils to greater advantage. IF, H. Divers, The Gardens, Ketton Hall, Stamford. PRICKING OFF SEEDLINGS. — Those gardeners who do not prick off young plants of various kinds of vegetables usually sow the seeds thinly in drills or broadcast, so that crowding before planting out is obviated. On the contrary, where pricking out is adopted, the plants should be pricked out before they become crowded in the beds. By so doing, sturdy plants produce satisfactory crops in due time. As soon as the seedlings of Cabbage, Cauli- flower, Broccoli, Kale, Brussels Sprouts, and the like plants are large enough — that is. when they have developed two or three proper leaves, they should be drawn up when the ground about their roots is moist, and be pricked out in beds at about ti inches apart, taking care not to bury the plants in the soil much deeper than they were before, making the soil about the roots fairly firm with the small dibber used in pricking out. This work, like the final transplanting, is done best during showery weather, or as soon after rain as the land will bear working. In case the work has to be done in dry weather, the plants should be watered slightly two or three times with a fine-rose pot. Watering will be necessary if the weather prove dry, until the plants have become thoroughly established. H. W. Word. CELERY. — Celery, like other vegetables that we grow, is becoming in its varieties too numerous. I am altogether averse to those that grow tall, as there is in them much unusable material. The dwarf varieties are more solid than these, and such Celeries as Incomparable or Sandringham are crisp, and possess a pleasant nutty flavour, and, in my opinion, are some of the best. Veitch's Superb White, which is a little taller, and very compact, with solid stems that blanch a pure white, and are tender and excellent eating, runs these two very close. For late use Standard Bearer has come into favour, it being a sturdy, robust Celery, which stands longer than any other before running to seed. This latter quality is a valuable one, as there has always been a difficulty in bridging the Celery season. To prolong the supply, seed of Standard Bearer may yet be sown under a hand-light. When the plants are big enough to be pricked out, the operation should be done in a frame, and the plants nursed on so as to get them into the trenches whilst the growing season is still a long one. Some growers are troubled by Celery bolting, which generally arises from one of two causes, either sowing too soon or allowing the plants to suffer from want of water. Generally it is the latter, as checks received in this way induce premature blooming. Celery when kept properly moist at the roots, grows steadily onwards. This being so, the plants should have a good soaking every week, and frequent sprinklings overhead during the earlier stages. Dwarf Celery needs but shallow trenches, and that is an additional reason why it should be grown in preference to the tall. Some do the soiling up piecemeal, while the plants are grow- ing, and that is, I think, a bad plan, as water can hardlv be given afterwards in sufficient quantity to reach the roots, and even if this be done some of the earth must of necessity get carried into the stem. To obviate this, it is better that the earthing be done at once, after growth has almost ceased, J. Shepparfo Apeil 2(3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' C HI? 0 XI CLE. 525 TRUFFLES— TRUE AND FALSE. (Continued from p. 429,). Another member of the Tuberacei is the white Truffle (fig. 84). Choiromyces meandriformis, the Tuber album of Sowerby. This plant generally grows in open hilly positions amongst Oaks, half buried in stiff soil, and may be found in June and July. The white Truffle, although described by Mr. Berkeley as excessively scarce, has several times been sent to the Gardeners' Chronicle office for a name. It is very difficult to determine the rarity or com- monness of some fungi, especially the subterranean species. The illustration, A, fig. 84, shows one-half an example of the white Truffle. It is a large species, often attaining the size of an ordinary Potato, either a " round " or " kidney." When young the plant is white; at length it becomes pale buff, or brownish. In section b, the flesh is seen to be marbled with brown and white veins. It becomes yellow in drying. When y< ung the white Truffle is scentless, but when mature the odour is very strong, like decay- ing cheese. An tuaut with spores is shown enlarged 200 diameters at c, and a single spore enlarged to 500 diameters at n. The white Truffle somewhat resembles in form and colour Tuber magnatum, but it is a very different plant. Owing to this superficial resemblance it is sometimes sold for the latter species. A great deal of deception is used by Continental Truffle dealers; for instance, some of the worthless species are dyed, and sold for the better species. The white Truffle is abundant in some parts of France and Belgium, and it is used to adulterate ' grot by the less conscientious makers. Opinions differ greatly as to the value of the white Truffle ; it is much esteemed by some, but not generally held in high repute. It has beeu known to produce unpleasant symptoms when eaten in a raw state. The Truffle, so frequently referred to by classical authors, embraces several species, as the brief descrip- tions clearly show. Terfezia leonis is certainly one species referred to, as the peculiar habitat on the sandy sea-shore is mentioned. This species resembles a Potato in size, form, and colour. When raw, it possesses a soapy, but somewhat sharp taste. When soaked in oil, it is highly esteemed by soup- il ia at times sliced and mixed with eggs. Some persons consider it delicious in a raw state. It grows in Sandy Pine woods, and in the sands of the sea shore in southern Europe and in Asia and Africa, ami is eaten as food in Italy, Sicily, Syria, North Africa, and other places. It is remarkable that the mature growths ol Truffles are generally found nearest to or actually upon the ground surface; the deeper examples are generally immature. W. G. Smith, Dun ( To be continued.} Societies. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. Aruir. 22.- There was a large display of plants at the Drill Hall, James Street, W., last Tuesday, when, in addition to the exhibits before the several committees of the Royal Horticultural Society, there was also the show of the National Auricula Society, which of itself formed a large exhibition, ami was, indeed, larger than it has been for some years past, and occupied about twice as much space as last year. It was also very gratifying to see a large attendance of visitors, and during the afternoon the hall was crowded. The Kev. C. Wolley Dod gave a very interesting lecture on Primulas, speaking of the cultural peculiarities of the best known species, and lovers of this charming genus of rock-garden plants will doubtless learn many valuable hints from this lecture when it appears in the Journal of the Society. Mr. Dod called atten- tion to the methods of root-growth of the different species, pointing out how that should regulate their cultivation, and referred to the article by Dr. Masters on that subject, which was read before the Primula Conference of 1886, and appeared, with illustrations, in the Gardeners' Chronicle for April 24 of that year. The lecturer advised growing from seed which should be sown as soon as ripe. The varieties and hybrids of P. acaulis are easy to cultivate, and are of more value than any others to the gardener. Root-stocks should be reduced as much as possible, and divisions should frequently be made, as otherwise the young roots could not push through the mass of dead tissue to the outside soil, as so the plants died. P. rosea was of very easy cultivation, if this point is remembered. Mr. Dod showed specimens to illus- trate these points. The species calycina. Auricula, Clusiana. and intermedia were cf the most easy cul- tivation by any one. The Primulas of ths Caucasus and Asia were generally disappointing. P. elatior, for instance, was not so good as our native Cowslip. a yard from the table. The Society should take steps to procure a screen, such as was formerly in use at South Kensington, while a raised desk on which the speaker could rest his notes without depressing his head would also be advantageous. FlO. 81.— WHITE IRl'irll' -. II IN1MYCES MI'lXDRIFORMIS. The Himalayan species cannot stand sunshine. Speaking of P. denticulata and P. capitata, Mr. Dod said that to a cultivator there was a great difference between them, the latter was of much more easy cultivation. Before Mr. Dod's lecture, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., the President of the Society, performed the pleasing ceremony of presenting, on behalf of the Veitch Memorial Committee, a Silver Veitch Me- morial Medal to Mr. David Thomson and to Mr. Bruce Findlay. lie spoke of Mr. Thomson's high attain- ments in all branches of horticulture, and also of the books he had written on the subject. In reply- ing, Mr. Thomson said that he felt greatly honoured in being the recipient of such a distinction, he had been in private gardens all his life, and had served seven employers, and that he had no greater ambition in life than to be a successful servant, The President, in handing the Medal to Mr. Findlay, adverted to Mr. Findlay 's success at Manchester, and in reply Mr. Findlay allluded to the high aims and national importance of Horti- culture. Not one of the speakers could be heard Floral Committee. Present : W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. S. Hibberd, H. Herbst, B. Findlay, E. Moly- neux, J. Walker, F. W. Burbidge, F. Ross, W. C. Leach, H. B. May, C. T. Druery, H. H. D'Onibrain, T. Baines, C. Noble, H. Cannell, J. Panl, J. Eraser, II. Turner, W. Holmes, and C. Nicholson. An extensive group of plants was staged by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Victoria and Para- dise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N., a fine display- being made by sixteen well-flowered Cliveas, the varieties Scarlet Perfection, Ambroise Verschaffelt, and robusta being most noticeble. Plants of Spinca astilboides and dwarf Rhododendron Willianisi with numerous moderate sized trusses of flowers, white with the faintest trace of purple and a yellowish throat, were also very effective. A collection of dwarf Amaryllis was also contributed, and included a very dark coloured variety, The Mahdi, the flower of which is also of good regular form. A collection of plants from the Royal Gardens, Kew, contained some rare specimens, and excited considerable interest : foremost was a flower of Aristo- lochia Goldieana, 1 foot in diameter, and twice as long (see fig. 83), pale yellow veined inside with chocolate ; Amherstia nobilis with brilliant rose- flesh flowers relieved by a spot of pure golden yellow, a most conspicuous object. Cvrtanthus obliquns, with a scape bearing some half- dozen orange - yellow and green variegated flowers, each about 4 inches long ; stropmolum azureum, with delicate blue flowers ; Crinodendron Bookeriannm, a rich red ; otherplants being Ataccia cristata, Ecbium callithyrsum, Bossicea stenophylla, Brugmansia sanguinea, Viburnum plicatum. Strep- tocarpus Dunni, Ilova multiflora, Narcissus Bar- nardti, wild from Biarritz ; Rhododendron F^alconeri, K. arboreum and vars., with a comprehensive collec- tion of species of Primula. Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshuiit, contributed a group of hardy herbaceous plants, in which were cut flowers of Doronicum plantagineuni, Tulips, Anemones, the common Fritillaria, Triteleia uniflora lilaeina, Empetrum rubrum, a pretty little shrubby plant; Sanguinaria canadensis, and some alpine Auriculas, the best being Thos. Moore, Mrs. Llewellyn, King of the Belgians, and Diadem. A group of well-grown Ferns came from Mr. II. I'.. May, Dyson's Lane Nursery, Upper Edmonton, N. Adiantnms, which were largely predominant, in- cluded the best species, as Veitchii, Pacotii, Rapieri, fragrantissimum, Fergusoni, mundulum, &c. ; also Pteris serrulata, and the finely-crested P. s. nobilis ; Nephrolepis davallioides plumosa, a heavily crested' form of iiiu.li elegance, and quite new; N. cordifolia compacta, with fronds about G inches long, were among other species. Messrs. Ryder .V Son, Sale, near Manchester, staged a large collection of beautiful varieties of Primula Sieboldi, in diverse colours and forms, such as were shown last year. The varieties were grouped in circular patches in a bank of Adiantum, which added greatly to the beauty of this charming species. We have before had occasion to refer to these varieties, and only now select those to which Certi- ficates were awarded, viz., Distinction, shaded crimson, paler towards the centre, and cut edges ; and Bruce Findlay, of a slatey-lilac colour. Not the least pleasing feature in several varieties is the laciniate margins of the petals. Messrs. .las. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, S.W., contributed specimens of Chionanthus virginica, laden with its tassel-like, sweetly-scented, white flowers ; this is a very effective hardy orna- mental shrub, of much merit. The pretty Azalea rosroflora, and a rich rose-coloured Pajony, named Reine Elizabeth, completed the group. Rhododendrons were represented by a well-flowered group from Messrs. II. Lane & Son, Great Berk- liamsted, in which the following varieties were included :— Sigismund Rucker, Blandyanum, Mar- chioness of Lansdowne, Everestianum, Snowflake.and Baroness Rothschild, all with many heavy trusses of bloom. A few hardy Azaleas were also included. The Rev. G. II. Eugleheart sent a few blooms of hybrid Narcissi, one of great interest being a cross from N. poeticus ornatus and the Tazetta variety, Bazelman major ; the result, named George Engle- 526 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [April 26, 1800. heart, is what may be called a bunch-flowered ornatus, but the white of the perianth is tirjged with yellow, the cup is yellow, tipped with orange- red. Other hybrids Irom the same exhibition included Garnet (ornatus and Mary Anderson), which has broad white perianth segments, the cup measur- ing one-third of the perianth, and is of a brick-red. In a cross between ornatus and Hudibras there is a flower with pure-white perianth and a very much expanded flat cup of pure chrome-yellow. Daffodils and Narcissi were also shown by Messrs. Barr & Son, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., and embraced the best varieties. Tulips, Anemones, and Muscari were also included. Among other exhibits were Mignonette, Garra- way's Double White Improved, a strong-growing variety, fully described in the name (which is too long), Irom Messrs. W. A. Garraway & Co., The Nurseries, Bristol. Marechal Niel Roses came from Mr. J. Walker, Thame, and from Mr. Shoesmith, gr. to — Hodgson, Esq., Shirley Cottage, Croydon, both exhibitors having first-rate blooms. Mr. J. T. Gilbert, Dyke Bourne, Brighton, had a beautiful intense coloured double Anemone fulgens, and also some Crown Imperials ; while a gorgeous show was made by a collection of varieties of Anemone hortensis, from T. H. Burroughs, Esq., 16, Lower Berkeley Street, W., the variety named grojea being of the most brilliant scarlet, which was quite dazzling; the flowers, we believe, had been grown at Kelton, Rutlandshire. A new seedling Primrose was sent by G. P. Wilson, Esq., Heather Bank, Weybridge, under the name of Red Gauntlet — a somewhat curious name for a flower of deep blue with a crimson-purple eye ; it is a very richly- coloured flower, and is quite novel. Mr. G. Wythes, Syon House Gardens, Brentford, had a collection of finely-berried specimens of Pernettya mueronata ; also shoots of Ruscus an- drogynus; the pretty blue Pea-flowered Clitonia ternata and Anthocercis viscosa with large white flowers. The brilliant Ochna multiflora was shown by Mr. Seabright, gr. to Miss Grinling, Harrow .Weald House, Stanmore, Middlesex. A pure white Pelargonium was sent by Mr. Simp- kins, gr. to R. J. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, named Miss F. Measures. The Rev. W. Wilks, Shirley Vicarage, Croydon, showed blooms of Narcissus Madame de Graaff. Rhododendron niveum was sent by J. Bateman, Esq., Worthing. Mr. J. James, Woodside, Farnham Royal, Slough, sent flowers of various laced Polyanthus (the single flowers were stuck into a bed of green moss, and looked like so many buttons — a stiff unnatural style of display which ought to be discountenanced); and from Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, was a plant of Boscawen's double vellow Primrose, a fine form. Orchid Cornrnittee. Present : T. B. Haywood, Esq., in the chair ; and Messrs. J. O'Brien, A. H. Smee, M. T. Masters, S. Courtauld, F. Moore, L. Castle, H. Williams, E. Hill, J. Dominy, H. Ballantine, H. M. Pollett, F. Sander, De B. Crawshay, J. Douglas, and Baron J. H. W. Schroder. Exhibits in this section were not so numerous as usual ; perhaps the plant which attracted the most notice was Cattleya Lawrenceana var. Vinckii, which was sent by Baron Schroder from his collec- tion at The Dell, Egham. The flowers were coloured with crimson-grey, merging into a bluish tinge instead of the rich crimson of the type. The colour- ing was comparatively less, as the perianth-segments were almost white at the base. The colour is novel and unusual, if not specially pleasing. Another conspicuous exhibit was Odontoglossum triumphans var. aurea, the flowers of which are rich yellow, mottled with a paler tint. A specimen of the type and a well flowered example of Dendrobium thyrsiflorum was also contributed by A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Wallington, Surrey (gr., Mr. Cummins). A beautiful variety of Odontoglossum Pescatorei was shown by G. W. Palmer, Esq, Elnihurst, Reading (gr., Mr. DockeriH). The plant had a spike of nine flowers, of the purest white, with numerous medium-sized purple-violet spots over the basal half of each segment. The variety was named Mrs. G. W. Palmer. From G. Le Doux, Esq., East Molesey, Surrey, came a handsome variety of Miltonia vexillaria; the individual flowers measured 4 inches by 3 ; the large lip was pure white, and the other parts of the flower faintly suffused with rose. A variety of Odontoglossum sceptrum, shown as var. alba, was sent by H. M. Pollett, Esq., Fernside, Bickley (gr. Mr. Parkes) ; this differs from the type in the fact that the yellow ground-colour is replaced by white. A hybrid Cypripedium (C. Apollo X) from vexil- larium and Stonei, was shown by R. J. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell. The flower retained chiefly the colours of the first-named parent, while the influence of C. Stonei was plainly seen in the projecting lip. The upper sepal was vinous-crimson, with darker veins, except down the centre, which was almost green, fading to white at the apex and base ; the petals were linear, 2j inches long, and deflexed, twisted at the apex, where the colour was rosy-brown, the lower portion being yel- lowish, lined with brown, and slightly spotted with brown-black, the margin being slightly ciliate towards the base. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons sent a specimen of the hybrid Cattleya calummataX (Acklandire X inter- media), with prettily-spotted flowers, almost like those of C. Acklandias, and a hybrid Cypripedium from philippinense and villosum, but which had not taken much of the feature of the former, and is of no great merit. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge, Dorking, showed a few examples, including a fine spike of Phahenopsis grandiflora, Dendrobium sulcatum, and Oncidium phymatochilum. From Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill, Surrey (gr., Mr. D. Cullimore), came a small group of well-grown plants, in which were Odontoglossum Rossi majus, with very dark brown tints ; Oncidium cuculatum, and Odontoglossum nebulosum ; and from F. Lee, Esq., Lynford Hall, Mundford, were flowers of Cymbidium chloranthum, pale greenish- yellow, with the column and lip spotted with brownish-red. Fruit Committee. Present : Sir C. W. Strickland, Bart., in the chair ; and Messrs. P. Crowley, R. D. Blackmore, T. F. Rivers, G. Cliffe, J. Cheal, G. W. Cummins, A. H. Pearson, G. Bunyard, J.Wright, J. Smith, G. Wythes, J. Hudson, F. Q. Lane, H. Balderson, A. Watkins, David Thomson, and J. Willard. There were but few exhibits here. Messrs. J. Cheal & Son, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, staged a collection of well-kept Apples, in which the best examples were Curltail, Dutch Mignonne, Alfriston, Brabant bellefleur, Cox's Orange, and Betty Geeson. Mr. G. Wythes had some specimens of forced Straw- berries, showing fine fruits of President and Keen's Seedling, for which a cultural commendation was given. Mr. W. B. Hartland, Cork, sent heads of a large and rather coarse-looking Broccoli, but of good colour, and firm ; and Mr. Miller, gr. to Lord Fowley, Esher, sent a basket of Mushrooms. Awards were made as follows : — Bi hie Floral Committee. Awards of Merit. Mignonette Garraway's Double White Improved, from Messrs. W. A. Garraway & Co. Nephrolepis davallioides plumosa, from Mr. II. B. May. Rhododendron Williamsi, from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son. Primula Sieboldi Bruce Findlay, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Primula Sieboldi Distinction, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Primrose Red Gauntlet, from G. F. Wilson, Esq. Narcissus George Engleheart, from Rev. G. H. Engleheart. By the Orchid Committee. First-class Certificates. Odontoglossum triumphans aureum, from A. H. Smee, Esq. Cattleya Lawrenceana Vinckii, from Baron Schroder. Awards of Merit. Miltonia vexillaria Le Doux's var., from G. Le Doux, Esq. Odontoglossum Pescatorei var. Mrs. G. W. Palmer, from G. W. Palmer, Esq. Medals. Silver-gilt Banksian, to Messrs. Ryder & Son, for Group of Primulas. Silver Banksian, to Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, for Group of Plants. Silver Banksian, to Mr. H. B. May, for Group of Ferns. Silver Banksian, to Messrs. J. Cheal & Sons, for Collection of Apples. Bronze Banksian, to Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, for Group of Plants. Bronze Banksian, to Messrs. H. Line & Sons, for Group of Rhododendrons, &c. Daffodil Conference. The Natural History and Cultivation of the Trumpet Daffodil.* The hardiest of the hoop petticoats ( N. corbulario), is var. citrina, the only European variety outside the Spanish Peninsula. A line drawn from Bordeaux to Luchon defines its French limits. The white Corbularia of Clusius was var. Graellsi, not var. monophyllus, which never occurred in Europe. Cultivation and naturalisation have made the wild limits of N. pseudo-Narcissus difficult to fix. Some very fine forms are naturalised in Ireland, where it is not a wild plant. The friars and monks of the 1.5th and 16th centuries were also herbalists and physicians, and treating Daffodils for their medicinal virtues, and finding none in Ireland, may have introduced them from the parent institution of their respective orders in Italy, as the Irish varieties are probably of Italian origin. It is difficult to know by what characters to divide N. pseudo-Narcissus into sections. Perhaps colour distinguishes them better than size or habitat. It ia proposed for convenience to divide the species into five: 1, Discolor, including all in which the colour of the crown and the perianth are obviously con- trasted in colour, with the exception of one variety ; 2, concolor, including all those of uniform yellow ; 3, Pallidus, to which belong all the straw-coloured Daffodils; 4, albus, the white flowered trumpet Daffodil ; 5, Muticus, the cleft-trunk Daffodil ; this last not referring to colours, but having very distinct characters, and being the type Irom which the largest and best of the cultivated forms are developed. No. 1 is nearly universal wherever Daffodils are found wild. No. 2 is common in Italy and Northern Spain and Portugal, but rare in France. No. 3 extends from the Pyrenees all along Northern Spain into Galicia. No. 4 abounds in the Pyrenees, per- haps is found amongst the Italian lakes. No. 5 has only been found in recent years in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. These divisions can hardly be extended to cultivated Daffodils, owing to the way in which the sections are mixed together by crossing. Wild hybrids of pseudo-Narcissus Mr. Dod divides into persistent and nonpersistent, and also into fertile and barren. The first he mentions, N. pseudo- Narcissus X N. muticus, occurs sparingly in one spot in the Pyrenees amongst its parents. It is interest- ing as representing a cross between the extremes of the genus, and affording fair presumptive evidence that any two members of the genus might cross. The question whether N. incomparabilis and N. odorus, thougli recognised as species, were originally hybrids, cannot be considered as settled. They are both very persistent, though odorus is barren. The Portuguese and Spanish N. Johnstoni is certainly N. pseudo-Narcissus X N. tiiandrus, and shows inter- mediate characters between the parents— though barren it is persistent. N. Bernardi, or N. pseudo- Narcissus X N. poeticus, can hardly be called per- sistent, as it has not strayed away from its parents, amongst which it occurs wherever they flower simultaneously. It is remarkable for great varieties of form and colouring, as are also the hybrids raised in cultivation from the same parents. Speaking of double Daffodils, Mr. Dod considers the question of the single wild Daffodil increasing in size, and becoming double under certain conditions in cultivation, as one which is still open, in spite of the large garden double, and the small wild double belonging to distinct varieties. We cannot always fix the variety to which a double belongs, as they tend to assimilate under similar cultivation. The double called Telamonius can be raised from the seed of the single Tenby Daffodil, and the Tenby has been known to produce a single typical flower, and a double exactly like Telamonius on the same bulb. A Daffodil is said to have a good constitu- tion when it endures great changes of soil and * An abstract of a paper read by Mr. C. W. Dod at the Daffodil Conference, on Thursday April 1", at Chiswick, J. G. Baker, Esq., F.R.S., in the chair. The proceedings on the two firs^ days were recorded in our previous issue. Apbil 26, 1890.] THE GABDBXEBS' CUBuXlCLE. 527 climate without deteriorating. This is an important factor in judging the merits of a variety. Those which are of a bad constitution are benefited by fre- quent transplanting. Daffodils should be lifted and replanted when leaves become many in proportion to flowers. They do not suffer by being kept two or three months out of the ground, if airy, dry, and waim ; but the time for taking up is as soon as the leaves are dead. The same soil does not suit all varieties, and experience must be consulted. A destructive disease, probably due to adverse conditions of weather or cultivation, rather than to any more specific cause, is very troublesome to growers of the trumpet Daffodil. The foliage in early spring becomes stunted and brown, and the bulb is found rootless and soft, and watery between the coats. Gardeners are especially requested to notice all the conditions under which this affection occurs, as it is not unlikely to be due to canses in a great measure preventible. Market Daffodils. Mr. Walker, whose firm was described in a previous number, then read a paper on Market Daffodils, he pointed out the fact that London was the focus of the market trade in Daffo- dils, and one of the most important questions of the day was what to grow for profit. There is not so great an acreage under Narcissi as under other marketable crops, but he questioned whether any other crop paid better for its acreage than did the Daffodils. They had in past years paid the growers well, and the main question was, would they con- tinue to do so? Calculating the Narcissus bulbs in cultivation as 10,000,000 in 1884, he now consider. ;d that there would be at least 200,000.000 bulbs in cultivation. Now, would it be possible to make them pay at this increase or rate of progression ? The lecturer thought that they would, although since 1881 there had been a fall in prices for flowers of 50 per cent. The minimum price he had received for twelve market bunches had beenninepence, while as much as twelve shillings had been received for the same quantity. The season for Narcissu3 flowers now extends from January to May. Then came the question as to the most popular and profitable of market kinds. Amongst yellow trumpet Daffodils, he alluded to N. Emperor as superior. N. maximus was a good market flower, but had not the best of constitutions. Golden Spur, spuiiu°, Countess of Annesley, Tenby, and Edward Leeds were also mentioned, the last especially for its late blooming habit. Amongst the N. bicolor kinds, Mr. Walker stated that at Ham, X. Empress was the best and most pro- lific as a market flower; next came bicolor, John Ilorsefield ; Dean Herbert, and N. bicolor grandis (now to be known as "Grandee"), the latter especially bold, late, of good substance, and an especially desirable variety to grow. N. Empress multiplies itself fast, and the offsets, if separated and replanted, rarely fail to bloom ; and the solid blooms of Empress and Grandee, if kept over a day or two, do not suffer as do some of the thinner-petalled sorts. The white Daffodils are soft, and do not stand well as market flowers ; Madame de Graaff pro- mised to become an exception to this rule, but up to the present it had not become plentiful enough to obtain a fair trial for market culture. Sir Watkin was mentioned as one of the best flowers of its class ; and Lady Watkin, if not so big, was even more beautiful, with its orange crown, and it is also a " good doer." This last variety Mr. Walker had first in 1884, and from the produce of the bulb then obtained he had nineteen flowers in 1890. Barri conspicuns was especially good, so also Maurice Vilmorin and Wm. Ingram, &c. ; and the various Leedsii varieties, such as Duchess < f Westminster, Katherine Spurrell, Madge Matthews, and Beatrice. The larger Nelsoni varieties were also good market bloomers, but the Barbidgei set generally were not popular ; still lie grew Constance, Falstaft, John Bain, and Mary, amongst others, as being free and distinct. N. poeticus ornatus, grandiflorus, and recurvus, &c, were desirable, as also odorus, rugulosus, &c. Among the double kinds, mention was made of Sulphur Crown and Orange Phoenix, the latter being the flower which the Princess Mary of Teck likened to a Tangerine Orange wrapped in tissue-paper. N. poeticus flore-pleno would be a most valuable market plant if its bulbs could be forced early into bloom, but so far the attempts to do so had failed. What is most desirable in market Narcissi are long stems, large flowers of decided colours, and of good substance, and the bulbs should be robust enough in constitution to succeed in a variety of soils. As it was, no general collection of varieties did equally well in the same soil ; and his collection was divided into two groups. The wild or collected kinds were planted on land not manured, after a crop of Rye- grass had been taken off, whereas the garden hybrids, &c. did best on well enriched soil. The double cernuus and the pale yellow Capax, or Eystettensis died out frequently on soils in which X. Empress and X. Emperor increased fourfold. The plough as a cultural implement beat the spade, and it is possible to cultivate large areas of Narcissi at a cheaper and more profitable rate than small plots. As to marketing, the flowers should be cut in the bud-stage, and opened in water in heat or under glass. N. poeticus recurvus could be cut before the bud emerged from the spathe, whereas N. ornatus did not open well unless the bud had burst forth from the sheath, and so also the buds of the Daffo- dils should have emerged free of the spathe ere they were cut, and the best results were obtained In- cutting just as the perianth segments burst open. These were points of practical detail of importance, and worthy of close attention. In applying manure, it should be worked deeply into the land, so that the newly planted bulbs did not come into contact with it, but so that the roots would find it as they descended into the soil. Firm soil was also desirable. Mr. Walker believes that by annual replanting, Narcissi can be as well grown in English soil as anywhere in the world, and that we can upplv any demand for forcing bulbs that may arise either in England or in America. In the discussion, Mr. C. W. Dod pointed out that in Cheshire and other places in the north of England, N. Horsefieldii was a better grower than N. Empress, and that it is earlier and larger there. In the discussion that followed Mr. Dod's and Mr. Walker's papers, it was agreed that as to cultivation and replanting, no general ru'e would apply to all soils and climates alike, but that replanting should always be done in July to September if the bulbs did badly. Delicate kinds often do better in grass, or among the roots of shrubs and trees; and Mr. Dod lily pointed out the success which attended the planting of Narcissi at Edge Hall near walls or rockwork, stones, &c. It was also pointed out that loose soil was inimical to success, especially in the case of wild or collected Narcissi ; and as to manure, Mr. Burbidge pointed out that, while on dry soils on a well-drained or gravelly subsoil mani're might be advantageous, nevertheless on cold, wet, and clay soils its use might be risky and destructive, A question arose as to the failure of N. poeticus fl.-pleno, a phase of ill-success known as "blindness " often affecting this variety. Mr. Walker said he thought it originated from weakness, and that by adopting annual replanting, not more than 10 per cent, of failures would be found to result. Altogether, Mr. Walker's contribution was a marked addition to the day's proceedings. At a meeting ol the Narcissus Committee on April 22, the followiug two varieties were registered : Grandee, known formerly as bicolor maximus, and sometimes as bicolor grandis ; and Queen Sophia, an incomparabilis with widely spreading tinted crown. Mr. Engleheart showed an interesting set of seed- lings, consisting of poeticus ornatus x Bazelman frith their flowers exactly intermediate be- tween the two parents, and for which he received a b itanical certificate from the Scientific Committee ; ornatus X Hudibras, pure white perianth, with clear y. How widely expanded crown, almost flat ; ornatus X .Mary Anderson, pure white perianth with deep red crown ; tortuosus X poeticus, very like the variety known as Circe ; John Horsfield x ornatus, near Humei; Ard High X ornatus = an incomparabilis; and Leedsi Gem X cernuus, like a white Ajax, but flowering three weeks later. Dr. Wallace sent a lemon-coloured variety of in- comparabilis plenus, which was stated to have proved constant since shown last in May, 1887. Nationil Auricula. The annual exhibition of the National Auricula Society (Southern Section) took place in counection with the meeting of the Koyal Horticultural Society in the Drill Hall, Westminster, on the 22nd inst., and was a very large and interesting one, every section being well represented. Some tine types of show Auriculas were exhibited, but not a few appeared to have felt the late ungenial weather ; tut the lack of strength on the part of the show Auriculas was compensated for by the goodness and quantity of the alpine varieties ; and giant Polyanthus and Primroses were remarkable features. Altogether it was a most satisfactory display, and the large attendance must have been very gratifying to the Council of the Society. The staging and judging arrangements were not what they might have been ; the awards in one or two classes appeared to have been made in a hap-ha?.ard way, occasioning some grumbling. Show Auriculas. — The leading class for show Auriculas was one for twelve distinct varieties. The Kev. F. D. Horner. Lowfells, Burtcn-in-Lonsdale, Kirby Lonsdale, was placed 1st, with green edges — Monarch (Horner), and the Rev. F. D. Horner (Simonite), the latter finely developed, and selected as the premier Auricula of the show ; grey edges, George Lightbody, and Rachel (Woodhead) ; white edges, Snowdrilt Corner), Atalanta (Horner), Magpie (Horner |, a lovely flower of high quality, and Desdemona (Horner) ; and the following selfs — Heroine (Horner), Laura (Horner), plum-coloured, very fine ; Iris (Horner), a beautiful bright purple flower; and Favourite (Horner), purple-maroon. 2nd, Mr. T. E. Henwood, Hamilton Road, Reading, who ran Mr. Horner very closely for the premier prize ; he had. of grey edges, the Rev. F. D. Horner, Monarch, the latter somewhat stale, and Lancashire Hero in its grey dress ; grey edges, George Light- body, George Rudd (Woodhead), with ten fine pips, Mrs. Moore (Douglas), and Rachel; white edges, Dr. Kidd, and Acme ; and of selfs, Mrs. Potts, Black Bess, and Heroine. Mr. Henwood's plants were characterised by a fine bold growth. Mr. James Douglas, gr. to Mrs. Whitbourn, Great Gearies, Ilford, was 3rd ; and Mr. A. J. Sanders, gr. to Viscountess Chewton, Brookham Lodge, Cobham, was 4th. For six Auriculas there were, as in the former class, four exhibitors, and here Mr. Henwood was 1st with green edge, Rev. F. W. Horner; grey edge, George Lightbody; white-edged, Reliance and Mrs. Dodwell (Woodhead); Sells, Heroine and Mr. Potts; 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, with green edges, Rev. F. D. Horner and Prince of Greens; grey edge, Mabel; white edge, Conservative and Acme; and self, Heroine ; 3rd, the Rev. F. D. Horner. There were ten collections of four varieties staged : Mr. ('. Phillips, Hamilton Road, Reading, was placed 1st with green-edged the BeT. F. D. Horner ; grev edge, George Lightbody; white edge, Dr. Kidd ; and sill', Mrs. Potts. 2nd, Mr. (i. W. Wheel- wright, Oxford Koad, Reading, with green edge, Prince of Greens; white edges, Heather Belle and Acme; and self, Mrs. Potts, 3rd, Mr. W. Badcock, Oxford Road, Heading. There were nine collections of two varieties, and Mr. C. Phillips was placed 1st with grey edge, George Lightbody, and self, Mr. Potts; Mr. ti. Wheelwright was 2nd with green edge, the Rev. F. D. Bonier; and sell, Mr. Potts; Mr. S. Barlow, .1.1'.. Stake hill House, Manchester, was 3rd, having a good example of his new green edge, Greenfinch, very bright indeed on the petal edge. In the classes for single specimens, the Rev. K. D. Horner was 1st, with Emerald, a seedling of his own raising ; Mr. Wheelwright 2nd, with Colonel Taylor, unusually dense in the paste; and Mr. ('. Phillips 3rd, with Lancashire Hero. In the class for grey-edged flowers, Mr. Wheel- wright was 1st, with Mabel ; Mr. .1. Douglas 2nd, with George Lightbody ; and Mr. Henwood 3rd, with Richard lleadley. In the class for white edges, Mr. A. J. Sanders came 1st and 2nd, with Conservative, a flower that was in fine condition ; Mr. Douglas being 3rd anil 4th, with Read's Acme. In the self class. Mr. Henwood was 1st, with Mrs. Potts ; the Rev. F. D. Horner 2nd and 3rd, with Heroine; and Mr. Henwood 4th, with Black Bess. Groups of Fifty Auriculas. — As is usual, Messrs. Douglas and Turner were large exhibitors ; and the stress put upon the latter was shown by the fact that a very large portion of his plants were of alpine varieties. For all practical purposes, it is a tho- roughly useless class, as into it go those varieties which have not enough good quality to enable them to compete in the other classes; and, moreover, only those who grow large numbers can compete in this class. Alpine varieties. — These, as has'already been stated, were numerous and fine, and they were apparently much admired. The best twelve, which came from Mr. T. E. Henwood, consisted of the following varieties 528 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [April 26, 1890. raised by Mr. Turner, viz., Charles Turner, Defiance, Marvel, Phillip Frost, Edith — a pretty white cpntred variety, Mungo McGeorge, Sunrise, and Miss Black- burn, and the rest, seedlings raised by the exhibitor, were of high promise ; 2nd, Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, also with a very fine lot of flowers, and consisting of Charles Phillips, Olympia, Nemesis — very fine, Troubadour, Jewess, Wrestler, Sunrise, T. E. Henwood, Alarm, Countess, and seedlings ; 3rd, Mr. J. Douglas, with varieties of remarkable goodness. Mr. C. Phillips had the best six, though the selection by the judges was somewhat condemned, his varieties were Diadem, Emperor, Mrs. Dod- well, and the rest unnamed ; 2nd, Mr. J. Douglas, with Diadem, Lovebird, Toujours Gaie, and seed- lings ; 3rd, Mr. G. Wheelwright. The latter had the best four varieties, staging T. E. Henwood, Mungo McGeorge, Rosalind, and Sunrise ; Mr. C. Phillips being 2nd, with Editb, Mariner, Pallas, and Sunrise. Mr. W. L. Walker, Bulmirshe Poad, Reading, was 3rd ; the Reading growers thus giving a good account of themselves. In the classes for single specimens, the best golden- centred flowers were William Coomber, from Mr. T. Henwood. 2nd, J. J. Colman ; and Mr. Wheel- wright 3rd, with Hotspur. The best white- centred flower was Miss Rae, from Mr. C. Turner ; Mr. T. E. Henwood 2nd and 3rd, with very promising seedlings. Polyanthus, Gold-laced, — With the exception of a few well-finished plants, contributed by Mr. Samuel Barlow, the varieties were mainly seedlings of a poor character. Mr. Barlow had the best six, staging Prince Regent, Lancer, Exile, Cheshire Favourite, George IV., and John Bright ; Mr. R. Dean was 2nd, and Mr. J. Douglas 3rd, mainly with seedlings. Mr. Barlow had the best three plants, also having Cheshire Favourite, Exile, and George IV.; Mr. J. Douglas being 2nd, and Mr. R. Dean 3rd, with seedlings. In the class for single specimens, Mr. Barlow was 1st and 2nd with Cheshire Favourite and Prince Regent; and Mr. R. Dean 3rd and 4th with Prince Regent and Sir Sidney Smith. Polyanthus, giant or fancy. — These were a great feature, the large and brilliant heads of bloom making the gold-laced varieties look very poor indeed ; with 12 pots, Mr. R. Dean was 1st with varieties of high quality j Mr. J. Douglas 2nd with some good varieties also ; and Mr. W. Harper, Millmead Nursery, 3rd. Primroses, — These were very bright and fine also. Mr. R. Dean was 1st, with some superb varieties : Brilliant, ruby-crimson ; Mr. Gladstone, bright ruby- purple ; Samuel Barlow, rich crimson ; and Mrs. Gladstone, white. Mr. J. Douglas coming 2nd with well-bloomed plants, a few particularly good varie- ties being among them. The only exhibitor of double Primroses were Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, who had large pans of platypetala plena, Croussii, white, lilac, sulphur, and Scotch red, mis- named crimson. Baskets of Primroses were an excellent feature : Mr. R. Dean was 1st, with one containing about twenty plants, the deep yellow varieties being very striking; Messrs. Paul & Son were 2nd, and Mr. W. Harper 3rd. Fancy Auriculas. — The best twelve plants of these came from Mr. Douglas, who had some very striking golden- edged varieties; Mr. Samuel Barlow was 2nd, and Mr. R. Dean 3rd. Seedling Show Auriculas. — Prizes were offered for these, but, with the exception of a charming yellow self, named Buttercup, from the Rev. F. D. Horner, there was nothing of importance. Green edges : — The Rev. F. D. Horner was 1st, with Dragon Fly, a somewhat rough flower as shown. Grey edges : — Mr. Horner was 1st, with Irreproachable, a promising variety ; and in the white-edged class he was 1st, with Miranda; and 2nd, with Snowdrift — both pro- mising flowers. In the self class he was 1st, with Buttercup ; and 2nd with Dimple, a smooth dark plum-coloured variety. A First-class Certificate of Merit was awarded to Buttercup, undoubtedly the best yellow self ever seen. Seedling Alpine Auriculas. — A 1st prize and First- class Certificate of Merit was awardel to Mr. T. E. Henwood, for Florrie Henwood, rich golden centre, Bhaded with rosy salmon deepening to crimson — a smooth variety of high quality. Mr. J. S. Hedder- ley, Sneinton, Notts, had a 2nd prize and a Certifi- cate of Merit, which it scarcely deserved, for Jenny, golden centre, and maroon shaded with crimson, but decidedly rough. The premier Auricula, selected from the whole show, was green-edged, the Rev. F. D. Horner, shown by Mr. Horner in his 1st prize of twelve show varieties, having eight pips, some of them very fine indeed. Species of Primulas. — Very good collections of these were staged, and very interesting they proved ; it is also satisfactory that more exhibitors are being drawn into the competition. An excellent twelve were staged by Mr. J. Douglas who had large examples of P. Sieboldi laciniata, P. verticillata, P. obconica, P. japonica alba, P. rosea, P. nivea, P. in- termedia, 1'. obtusifolia, P. auricula, P. denticulata purpurea, and marginata cuTulea ; 2nd, Mr. W. Harper, nurseryman, Guildford, who had distinct from the foregoing, P. involucrata, P. ciliata, var. Crimson King and P. intermedia ; O. T. Hodges, Esq., Larchine, Chislehurst, was a good 3rd. Mr. Samuel Barlow, had the best six, staging good examples of P. obconica, P. denticulata, P. vertici- liato, P. intermedia, P. viscosa, and P. vulgaris ; Mr. R. Dean was 2nd, having a fine yellow semi duplex form of P. elatior. Altogether it was a most suc- cessful exhibition. ROYAL BOTANIC. April 23. — The second spring show of this Society would have proved a rather poor affair had it not been for the trade collections. In the com- peting classes, there seemed to be no energy and interest. Messrs. Kyder & Sons' varieties of Primula Sieboldi attracted much notice on account of their variety of form and colour. Azaleas were better than usual. Mr. H. Eason, Hope Cottage, Higbgate, led in the amateurs' class, with finely flowered plants ; Mr. C. Turner, Slough, having the best in the nurserymen's section. Auriculas were very good. Mr. C. Turner had the best twelve alpine, and also showed a collection. Mr. J. Douglas led for twelve of any sort, and also for Polyanthus, having well flowered plants. He also led for a collection of hardy Primulas, showing handsome plants ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, being 2nd. The same firm was leading for Ama- ryllis, with twelve well flowered, good coloured varieties, and again for a collection of nine pot Roses. Messrs. Paul were 1st, having plants in their usual good style ; Mr. Rumsey, Joyning's nursery, Waltliam Cross, being a close 2nd. Cinerarias were best from Mr. D. Phillips, Lang- ley Broom, Slough, who had a nice lot of Cinerarias, and another of Pelargoniums, being placed 1st in each class. Hardy herbaceous plants were very good, Mr. T. S. Ware showing a nice collection, for which he was awarded the 1st prize. Piimula Sieboldi vars. were good. A collection of alpines came from Messrs. Paul & Son, and received 1st, Adonis vernalis and alpine Auriculas being included ; for Amaryllis the same firm led. Tuberous Begonias were shown by Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, a very showy lot, and were placed 1st. NoN-COMFBTING EXHIBITS. From Messrs. B. S. Williams, I'pper Holloway, came a group of Cliveas and Amaryllis, with Rhodo- dendron YVilliamsii and Spirxa astilboides, and had a Silver Medal awarded. Messrs. Ryder & Sons, Sale, sent a collection of Primula Sieboldi vars., very pretty, for which a Silver Medal was also given ; and a small Silver Medal was given to Messrs. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, for a collection of miscellaneous plants, with a fine Rhododendron, Countess of Haddington, as a centre-piece ; and a large Bronze Medal was given to Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent Garden, and to Mr. T. S. Ware, Tottenham, for comprehensive collec- tions of Daffodils, &c. ; a similar award being made to Mr. W. Morle, 283, Regent Street, for a decorative group of plants, containing Palms, Crotons, Azaleas, Ericas, &c. T. H. Burroughes, Esq., Ketton, Rutland, made a bright show of Anemone hortensis vars., and also had a fine lot of fruits of Bramley's Seedling Apple. Bronze Medals were also given for fine boxes of Marechal Niel Roses from Mr. J. Walker, Thame, and Mr. W. Robbins, Aylesbury. For a collection of Rhododendrons, Messrs. II. Lane & Son, Berk- hampsted, had a Large Bronze Medal ; and Mr. Rumsey, Joyning's Nursery, Waltham Cross, Herts, a Silver Medal, for a collection of well-flowered pot Roses ; and to Mr. J. Douglas, for a collection of Auriculas and Primulas, a Large Bronze Medal was given. A collection of hardy herbaceous plants, well flowered, from Messrs. Paul & Son, was awarded a Bronze Medal. Certificates were awarded as follows : — Pelargonium Duchess of Fife (decorative), large flower, pure white, with a small delicate purple veining on one petal, from Mr. D. Phillips. Narcissus Madame de Graaff, from Messrs. Barr & Son. Narcissus Mrs. G. Cammell, from Messrs. Barr & Son. Pa;ony (Tree) Mrs. S. Low, blush pink, fading to white at the tips, from Messrs. J. Laing & Sonp. Paiony (Tree) Triomphe de Milan, self rose, paler towards the tips, from Messrs. J. Laing & Son. Carnation Madame A. Warocque, from Messrs. J. Laing & Sons. Primula Sieboldi lilacina marginata, white, with lilac marginal suffusion, from Mr. T. S. Ware. Clivea cruenta, deep-coloured short flower, from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Sons. Clivea Ambroise Verschaffelt, long rich-coloured flower, from Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son. Begonia Lord Salisbury, light brick-red, single, from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons. Begonia Duke of Sutherland, rich carmine, very bright, single, from Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons. Mignonette, Garraway's Double White Improved, from Messrs. Garraway, Bristol. (See Royal Hor- ticultural Society's Report.) Primula Sieboldi alba magnifica, pure white, tri- lobed and toothed, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Primula Sieboldi Ruby Queen, bright rosy-purple, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Primula Sieboldi Bruce Findlay, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. (See Royal Horticultural Society's Report.) Primula Sieboldi Harry Leigh, pale slatey-purple, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Primula Sieboldi Mrs. Ryder, white, with pale rose suffusion on the margins, edge crenate, from Messrs. Ryder & Son. Auricula Magpie (Horner), white-edged, show, purple-black body colour, throat yellow, good paste, from Mr. J. Douglas. THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND HORTI- CULTURAL ASSOCIATION. The monthly meeting of this Association was held in the Upper Hall, Christian Institute, Aber- deen, on Wednesday evening the 16th inst. There was a large attendance. The chief business on the card was a paper on " Daffodils and other Spring Flowers," by Mr. George Leslie, Covent Garden, London, and was read by the Secretary, Mr. W. Reid. In the paper some valuable practical suggestions were made concerning the cultivation of the Daffodil and Narcissi generally, either as border flowers, or for the embellishment of the conservatory or green- house when grown in pots. The speaker entered rather fully into the cultivation of the flower in the open air and in pots. A long discussion followed the reading of the paper, taken part in by Mr. Muirhead, factor to the Earl of Aberdeen, lladdo House ; and Messrs. C. D. France, Harper, Cocker, Robson, Edwards, Grigor, and Mr. Smith, the President. All the speakers agreed as to the excellence of the paper ; but excep- tion was taken to the statement that manures should be avoided. The members then proceeded to inspect the exhibition, the report of which will be found below. The Exhibition ,f spring flowers. — This Society deserves to be congratulated on the magnificent collection of Daffodils, Hyacinths, Tulips, and other spring flowers which were brought together under its auspices in the Christian Institute, Aberdeen, on Thursday, 17th inst. The object in view in getting up the collection is to create and stimulate an interest in spring flowers in Aberdeenshire, which have been to a large extent neglected. This object was thoroughly well attained if the numbers visiting the exhibition be taken as a criterion. Mr. C. W. Cowan, Valleyfield, Penicuik (near Edinburgh), forwarded a collection of Daffodils, embracing 56 varieties. In this collection, the individual flowers were reckoned much finer and better coloured than in any of the other collections, and as they were grown at an elevation of some 600 or 700 feet above the sea level, they afforded proof of the suitability of the Daffodil for outdoor culti- vation in the comparatively exposed parts of Scotland. Messrs. Barr & Son, London, contributed fifty varieties of the Daffodil, among which was a very April 26, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 529 choice selection of the smaller alpine varieties, and a notable display of Anemone fulgens. Much attention was directed to a large collection of Hyacinths from a Dutch grower, embracing no fewer than one hundred varieties, double and single, all correctly named. This collection showed the best varieties in each class, represented all the shades of colour, and included varieties best adapted for pet culture and culture under glass. There was another exceptionally fine collection from Holland of Hya- cinths, Tulips, and Daffodils ; but from the fact that the specimens were not named, they did not possess for the visitor the same interest as they would otherwise have done. Mr. Proctor, gr. to Mr. William Henderson, Devanha House, Aberdeen, had forwarded a valuable collection of Orchids and greenhouse plants, for which the Association awarded their Cultural Certificate. ©irituarj?. GEORGE Firth.— We regret to announce the death of this gentleman, of Manningham Thorpe, Bradford, which occurred at his residence on Thurs- day, the 17th inst., after a week's illness. Mr. Firth was widely known as an horticultural amateur, and had made a good collection of plants. He was an especial lover of Orchids and hybrid Rhododen- drons, and many of his possessions have been noted from time to time in the horticultural press. Local horticultural movements also received much support from him. GEORGE THURBER — Beyond the immediate circle of his personal friends and botanical associates, the name of Dr. Thurber ia not much known in this country ; nor, indeed, do we think it is likely to be otherwise in the United States. For all that, Thurber did excellent work as a botanist, whilst as editor of the A itrican Agriculturist he occupied a unique position, and delighted and instructed thou- smds who knew nothing of his personality, and who were ignorant even of the " Doctor's " name. Thurber was born in 1821, and was one of the band of young men (of whom at an earlier period Asa Gray was onej whose good fortune it was t" have fallen under the sway of the late Dr. Torrey's influence. Forsaking pharmacy, he was appointed naturalist and quartermaster to the expedition sent out to survey the Mexican boundary, and for four years he was engaged in this occupation, sending his plants to Gray for deter- mination and publication, but himself making a special stndy of the grasses on which he became an acknowledged authority. On the completion of his duties with the Survey, he occupied himself with lecturing on botanical and chemical subjects at colleges of pharmacy and agriculture. In consideration of his eminence as a teacher of materia medica. the degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred on him by the Brown University (New ■Jersey). In 1863 he became editor of the American Agriculturist, a position he held till a few years ago with singular success, his articles being characterised by science without pedantry, an easy but accurate style, abundant good sense and not a little humour. A marked trait in his character was his love of children, his great delight being to aid them in their studies or in their childish troubles ; and many, who in point of years were not children, relished the " Doctor's Talks," and were glad to obtain their scientific information so pleasantly and at so little trouble. A man of broad sympathies and clear sense of right, he was an ardent abolitionist when such views were not popular with the authorities, and Thurber had to sulfer for his addiction to those political views which he had the happiness to live to see fully carried out. Thurber visited this country in 1879, when his abounding kindliness, his humour, his real or affected amusement at our backwardness and want of " go-aheadness " were amusingly mani- fested. Standing one day with the present writer in the Strand, in attire sufficiently unconventional, at least as to his head-gear, to attract the notice of the street boys, he was diicoursing on the influence that editors exerted over their readers, and yet. said he, stopping in the middle of the pave- ment to enforce his views, if these paving- stones were to suddenly lift themselves and bury us beneath them, this great throng of passers- by would go on their way as if nothing had happened '. His letters were excellent specimens of the epistolary art, not frequent, but brim full of information, original views of things, and hearty good feeling. His garden, " The Bines," at Passaic, New Jersey, was a great delight to him, and of value as an experimental garden. By this means, the Doctor was enabled to render great service to Messrs. Woolson & Co., as well as to lovers of hardv plants generally. James Alexander.— It is with sincere regret that we have to announce the death of Mr. James Alexander, of Redbraes, and partner in the firm of Dicksons & Co., Nurserymen and Seedsmen, Edin- burgh, which took place at Hastings, on his way home from the South of France, on the 21st inst., at the early age of 45 years. Mr. Alexander was a native of Banff, and came to Edinburgh in 1863, and was trained under his uncle, the late James Alexander, at that time senior partner in the firm named ; and to whose interest in the business he succeeded a few few years ago. Altough of a retiring disposition he took a lively interest in everything appertaining to the progress of horticulture, and that at all affected the moral and material well-being of gardeners, foresters, and nursery employes ; and contributed liberally and unostentatiously to movements organised by them. In the wide circle of his personal friends his sterling worth and kindly nature inspired esteem and affection. The Weather. fUr the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess Of delect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined r.^nlt is explained in Day-degrees a " Day-degree" signifying 1° continued i<>r twenty-four hours, or any other Dumber of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sun. if ±•2 as 3» Accumulated 1 1 4> J* P o s 1 >.„■ 2: 'o IS a i a i n X 1 i 1 1 1 •< a n 8 lis ■4 i = 6 Is ii i § X Day. Day- lOUu (lei?. lie*. deg. In. 11. i 2 — 2> 29 4- :..' — 47 I - ,'i 16.7 1- 24 ■■! 4 — 13 30 — SO 1 ii.; 8.7 18 27 3 6 — 8 17 -i- ia - 86 1 66 5.1 '.i 23 1 4 — 26 10 — 5 - 30 3 — 50 8.2 30 :il 5 4 — 30 11 ■ — 17 2 - •'■1 11 26 >'. 1 — 33 0 ' i 3 + :..; 6 9 29 29 ; 3 27 13 + 30 - 6.' 4 - 66 11..-. 24 26 * I .1 10 1- 17 - 71 4 — 6:< 9.3 13 95 9 2- 36 II + 3 + 19 2 - ii 10.2 21 33 1" 3 — 28 0 + 4 — 39 4 — M '.i .■ 12 27 n 2 — ::,-, 2 ' - 3 3 — |-,t 18 5 20 82 12 0 ,v. 51 ii — 22 'I ay. 66 ... .i 1- 87 The districts indicated by number in the first column a e the following : — Principal Wfieat-prndticing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2. Scotland, K. ; .!. England. N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties ; li. England, S. Principal Grazing He, Districts — 7 , Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England. S.W.; 111, Ireland, N. ; 11. Ireland. S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending April 19, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather during this week has been fair and dry, except over the southern and south-western parts of the kingdom, where after the earlier days it became dull and unsettled, with frequent falls of rain. In many parts of England and Ireland thunder-storms were experienced. " The tempera /lire has continued below the mean in all districts excepting the ' Channel Islands,' the deficit ranging from 1° in 'England, S.' to 5° in ' England, N.E.' The highest of the maxima, which were recorded either on the 14th or loth, varied from 65° in ' England, S.,' and 63° in ' England, E. and the ' Channel Islands,' to 53° in ' Scotland, E , and 52° in ' England, N.E.' Towards the end of the period the daily maxima at all but the extreme western stations were considerably below 50°. The lowest of the minima were registered on the 13th, and varied from 22° in the north and east of Scot- land to 33° in ' England, S.W.,' and to 40° in the ' Channel Islands.' "The rainfall has been more than the mean in ' England, S.,' and has just equalled the normal value in the ' Channel Islands,' but in all other dis- tricts a decided deficit is shown. " Bright sunshine has been more prevalent in ' Scotland, N.' than it was last week, but less so in all other parts of the kingdom. The percentage of the possible duration ranged from 9 in ' England, N.E.,' 11 in the ' Midland Counties,' and 12 in ' Ire- land. X..' to 30 in ' England, E.,' and to 4S in ' Scot- land, N.' " Markets. C0lrENT GARDEN, April 21. [We cannot neeept any editorial responsibility for the subjoined reports which, however, are furnished to us regularly every Thursday, by the kindness of several of the principal salesmen, who revise I he lr.l 1 w hoare responsible for the quotations. It must be remembered that, these quotations represent averages for the week preceding the date of our report. The pnres depend upon the (jualityof the samples, the supply in the market, and they fluctuate, not only from day to day, but often several times in one day, and therefore the prices quoted as averages for the past week must not betaken as indicating the particular prices at any particular date, and still less can they be Liken as guides to the prices in the coming week. Ed.] 'I'm: lirst cargo of Tasmanian Apples reached our market this week in very good condition, the early sales making high prices, but later on prices fell to a more reasonable state. Trade steady, with prices scarcely altered. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. i. d. t. d. apples, j-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — Nova ScotiR.brl.12 0-25 0 — Tasmanian, caselS 0-25 0 Hr.pes. new, lb. 5 0-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 Vegetables.— Averaoe Retail Phic l.d.t.d. \ paragUS, English. pei bo 1-' ii- ... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-30 Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... ... 0 .1- ... ... 1 8- 2 0 ,.. 10-16 Melons, each ... 3 6-50 I'm- app -■-. St. Mi- chael. each ... a n- « n Strawberries, lb. ... 2 0-80 nd Cress, Cauliflowers, Celory, per bun.llt Cucumbers, each ... Endive, per dozen ... Herbs, per bunch ... Leeks, per bunch ... Lettuces. per dozen... Mushrooms, punnet 0 4- P.i In coneequeui PotHtOB llllVe h hi .. I ill ! Is. ii I. per toi heavy, and lab d.t.d. Mustard t punnet Onions, per bunch ... 0 fi- ... Parsley, per bunch .. U li ... Khubarb, per bundle 0 ii ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... HrusselSprouts.prlb. 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... ' Turnips, per bunab, new 0 4 - ... if colder weather prices for Old y to rise— an advance of (■.«. to ii y instances. Arrivals of New fairly have been maintained. /. /.'. Thomas. Plants in Pots. 0, Aralia Sieboldi, don. 6 Arum Lilies, perdoz. 8 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — speci. plants.each 7 Azaleas, various,eoch 2 Cineraria, per doz.... 6 Cyclamen, dozen ... 6 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dielytra, per doz. ... 9 Dracaena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica Cuveudishii. per dozen 18 — ventricosa, doz. 15 Euonymus, in vox., per dozen 6 Evergreens, in vaj., per dozen a — average Wholesale Prices. d. t.d. | t. d.t.d. 0-18 0 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 0-18 0 0-12 0 Ficus elastioa. eaon .16-70 0-42 0 i Foliage plants, vari- 6-10 6 I oua. each 2 o-lo ft 0- 3 0 Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 0-10 0 j Heliotrope, per d.M. 6 0-90 0-18 0 ' Hyacinths, p. doz ... 6 0-90 0-12 0 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots 12 0-18 0 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 I Palms in var., each 2 6-21 u Pelargoniums, acar- 0-48 0 let, per dozen ... 6 0-80 0-24 0 | —per doz 12 0-24 0 : Roses, various, doz.12 0-24 0 0-18 0 — (Fairy), per doz. 8 0-10 0 I Solanums, per dozen 6 il 12 n 0-21 0 I Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 0-24 0 \* Bedding plants in variety in boxes, and alsi i puts, 530 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [April 26, 1890. Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 Bouvardiaa, per bun. 0 Callaflethiopica,12bl. 3 Camellia?, white, per dozen 2 — various, per doz. 1 Carnations, 12 Mms. 1 Crocuses, 12 bun. ... 1 Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 Daffodils, 12 bunches 3 Eucharis, per dozen 4 Gardenias, 12 blooms 2 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 Hyacinths (French), per bunch 1 — (Dutch), in boxes, white, per box ... 2 — (Dutch;, in boxes, various, per box ... 1 Lilac, white, Fr., bun. 4 Lilium, var., 12bl..„ 2 Lily of the Valley, doz. sprays ... 0 0-4 0 Maiden Hair Fern, 6- 1 0 ! 12 bun 4 ( 8- 1 0 t Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 I — French, per bun. 1 i Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 I Narcissus, various, doz. bun 1 ' Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 ! — dozen sprays... 0 Primroses, 12 bun. ... 0 Primulas, double, 12 sprays 1 1 1 0 | Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 < — coloured, dozen. 2 ( — French, dozen ... 1 1 — red, per dozen ... 2 ( 0-4 0 — Sairaoo, dozen... 1 i Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 < 6- 3 0 I Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 ( 0- 6 0 I Tuberoses. 12 blms.... 1 I 0-601 Tulips, doz. blooms... 0 ■ Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 I 6-10 — French, bunch ... 1 I — Parma, bunch ... 3 I 0-2 0 0-6 0 0-8 0 0-4 0 0- 2 l Orohid-bloom ■iety. SEEDS. London : April 23. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, London, describe the seed market to-day as scantily attended, and but a limited business doing. The orders which still drop in are small, and of a retail character. The speculative purchasing of Red Clover seed has caused the article to become very firm, and 2s. more money is now demanded. Cables just to hand report the American markets excited and dearer. Trefoil also is considered worth buying. Fine Alsike is still tending upwards. White Clover is, however, out of the running. Grasses move off freely on former terms. Spring Tares on spot are scarce. Sanfoin is very cheap. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending April 19: — Wheat, 29s. lOd. ; Barley, 29s. lOd. ; Oats, 18s. Gd. For the corresponding period in 1889 :— Wheat, 29s. KM. ; Barley, 25». Id. ; Oats, 17s. Od. FBUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : April 23 — Good supplies of all kinds of fresh vegetables. Moderate supply of fruit. De- mand good. Very large supply of Fotatos, trade ex- ceedingly slow. Frices : — English Apples, 4s. to 7s. Gd. per bushel ; American Apples, 15s. to 25s. per barrel ; forced Rhubarb, Is. 3d. to Is. 'M. per dozen bundles ; natural ditto, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Cabbages, 2s. to 4s. per tally ; Seakale, Is. 3d. to Is. Gl. per punnet; Spinach, Is. Sd. to 2s. per bushel ; Sprouting Broccoli, 'Jd. to Is. per sieve ; do., Is. Gd. to 2s. per sack ; Cauliflowers, Is. to 2s. Hd. per dozen ; French Radishes, Is. Gd. to Is. 'M. per tally ; Beetroots, id. to Sd. per dozen ; Greens, 3s. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Parsley, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Mint, 2s. Gd. to 3s. per dozen bundles ; Horseradish, Is. Id. to Is. -id. per bundle ; Mustard and Cress, Is. (Sd. to Is. \)d. per dozen baskets ; Cabbage Lettuce, Is. Gd. to Is. 9d. per dozen ; Endive, Is. 3d. to Is. Gd. do. ; Spring Onions, 2s. Gd. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; English Onions, lis. to 12s. per cwt. ; Bordeaux do., 6s, Gd. to 7s. per case ; Egyptian do., 9s. fjd. to 10s. do. ; Carrots, 16s. to 28s. per ton. Stratford : April 22. — Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : Cabbages, 3s. to 5s. per tally ; Greens, 2s. Gd Spitalfields : April 22. — Quota- tions ;— Regents, 40s. to 85s. ; Hebrons, 30s. to 80s. ; Magnums, blacklands, 35s. to 40s. ; Bedfords, 40s. to 50s. ; Lincolns, 40s. to 80s. ; Yorks, 45s. to 75s. ; Scotch. 60s. to 100s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. per ton. Spitalfields : April 23. — Quotations : — Magnums, 30s. to 50s. ; Regents, 60s. to 65s. ; Champions, 30s. to 40s. ; Imperators, 40s. to 70s. ; Hebrons, 25s. to 35s. per ton. Stratford: April 22.— Quotations : — Scotch Mag- nums, 60s. to 85s.; do. Regents, 50s. to 70s.; light English Magnums, 45s. to 60s. ; dark do., 32s. Gd. to 37s. Gd. per ton. HAY. Averages. — The following are the averages of the prices obtained at the various metropolitan markets during the past week : — Clover, prime, 75s. to 92s. ; inferior do., 40s. to 75s. ; hay, best, 60s. to 87s. ; inferior do., 26s. to 50s. ; and straw, 20s. to 30s. per load. Notices to Correspondents. vv Owing to the large extension of our circulation, we are under the necessity of going to press at an earlier time than heretofore, and request our regular correspondents to favour us with their communications as EARLY IN THE WEEK AS POSSIBLE. Assessment of Greenhouses : Market Florist. If you will have patience, you will soon be put out of your misery. See article on p. 515 of present issue, on "Rating of Nurseries and Market Gardens." Books : A Beginner will find no one book that will supply him with " coloured illustrations of the various flowering plants, Ferns, &c." Nicholson's Dictionary of Gardening (Upcot Gill, 1,0, Strand, London, W.C.) will give him much of the informa- tion he is in need of. — Manuals : G. C. Cucumber Culture for Amateurs, W. J. May ; Raspberry and, Strawberry, D. T. Fish (Bazaar Office, 170, Strand, London, W.C.) ; Peaches, Robt. Smith (Simpkin, Marshall & Co., London) ; the Grape Vine, A. F. Barron (Royal Horticultural Society's Garden, Chiswick). Carpet-eeds : P. •/. Messrs. H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent, will doubtless supply designs. Conifer Seeds: H.J. C. We know of no methods of testing the germinating power of the seeds other than those in use for other seeds. Crotons : P. S. Croton house temperature, night 65° to 70°, with a proportionate rise in the day- time. Overwatering the plants might cause the leaves to fall. It is yet too early to shade Crotons, in fact, shade is at all times opposed to good colour in the leaves, and should not be used until the sun gets more powerful than now. Scale insects were in profusion. Cvtisus Losing its Flowers : Cytisns. It was doubtless bought when in full bloom, and fresh from a market nursery, where it had received special treatment and some special kind of manure. These conditions fail under your treatment, hence its collapse. Cut it back — each shoot separately to half its length ; and when it breaks, repot it in sandy loam and peat. Cytisus will do very well out-of-doors from the middle of June to September in almost full sunshine ; but the pot must be plunged to the rim in coal-ashes. Dendrobium fimbriatum var. oculatcm : L. L, Brussels. Union of two flowers or synanthy. Many thanks. Double Hyacinth : H. H. When these were grown more frequently than they now are, this change was often met with. It is a reversion to the pri- mitive condition of things. Inverted Mushroom : S. P. A very good illustra- tion of a common malformation. Scarcely a week, at this season, passes that we do not receive one or two specimens. It has frequently been figured. The reason why is not known beyond dispute. Names of Fruit: G. W. O. Apple Mere de Menage. Names of Plants: W. Chafer. 4, Aubrietia del- toides var. ; G, Alyssum saxatile. No. 1 is a Polygonatum, which, with Nos. 2, 3, and 5, should be sent when in flower. — I). T. The publisher is the business manager. The Austrian Pine is covered with fungus (Peridermium pini) to such an extent, that remedy is impossible. Burn the affected twigs a9 far as you can. 1, apparently Gualtheria shallon ; 2, Juniperus virginiana. — E. D. L. 1, Acer platanoides, or one of its varieties ; 2, Acer pseudo- platanus ; 3, Salix repens ; 4, Hippophae rham- noides. — W. H. M. Toxicophlasa spectabilis. — 0. Orpet. 1, Dendrobium pulchellum of Loddiges = D. Loddigesi, Rolfe ; 2, D. Pierardi ; 3, D. cre- taceum. — fcr. Ward. 1, Miltonia stellata ; 2, Catt- leya Forbesii ; 3, Forsythia viridissima; 4, Ber- beris dulcis ; 5, B. Darwinii ; 6, Rhipsalis sali- cornioides. — J". T. W. We cannot name garden forms of flowers. — G. Paul. Lathraa squamaria, an unusual colour. Odontoglossum ( = Miltonia) vexillarium : H. B. A very brightly coloured form. Roses : J. Edwards. The blooms were very nice of their kind, especially those of M. Brunner and Dr. Andry. Seeds not Germinating : T. H. Grevillea robusta seeds should be raised in a greenhouse, or if heat be employed, it should be of a mild nature. Strong bottom-heat sometimes destroys the vitality of the seed, especially if the pots be plunged. Aralia Sieboldi grows best in the greenhouse. It takes several weeks to germinate if sown in the early spring. Mandevilla suaveolens is a greenhouse plant, and does not require heat at any time. The first two are moie satisfactory when sown late in the autumn, and kept in a cold pit, out of the reach of frost, covering the seed-pots with a piece of tile to exclude mice. The seeds will germinate during the winter, and should be potted singly before many roots are made. In sowing seeds of hard-wooded greenhouse plants, the layer imme- diately under the surface soil, which should be fine, should consist of nodules of peat and loam — or either separately — of the size of Hazel-nuts. The roots seize upon these, and upon being turned out of the seed-pots are not entirely denuded of soil, as occurs when finely-sifted mould only is em- ployed, and there is consequently less check to growth caused by the operation of potting. Stove : W. P. T. The two flow-pipes and the return-pipe should not pass under the bed first, but be carried round the house — or at least the sides and front of it. They may then pass under the bed ; but there should be a valve in, and a separate connection with, the return-pipe, just outside the bed, so that when the bed was suffi- ciently warm the water in the two flow-pipes could be diverted. There must be no valve in the return-pipe. Strawberry Noble: H. M. The fine large fruits sent were of very poor flavour, but so have some other early forced Strawberries. We think there are several which are much better, but the market growers will like it, if it sets well, as you say it does, and is robust, and we may expect to see it in quantity in the shops very soon. Strawberries : R. C. Your fruit arrived in a state of fermentation, so that we are quite unable to advise you. Trametes : H. J. C. The fungus you send is a Trametes, probably the one you speak of. CATALOGUES RECEIVED. Wm. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, Herts — New Roses, &c. Edward H. Cutler, 60 and 61, Covered Market, Leeds — Vegetable and Flower Seeds. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Cheshunt, Herts — Alpine and Hardy Herbaceous Plants; also, Bedding Plants, &c. Chas. A. McBride, Commercial Nurseries, Jackson- ville, Fla., U.S.A. — Ornamental Trees, Roses, &c. W. and J. Birkenhead, Fein Nursery, 19, Washway Road, Sale, Manchester — Ferns and Selaginellas. Bruant, Boulevard St. Cyprien, Poitiers, Vienne, France — General Plant List. Vpmmunication-s Received.—.!. Rothschild.— C. Whitehead. —.1. S.— J. W.— B. O.-F. W. B.— C. W. D.— C. G. van Suber- gen & Co. (many thanks.)— J. A.— Prof. Colmeiro, Madrid. — G. C. W., New Jersey. -G. D.— .1. C.-F. E.— T. W.— E. C— H. Mavr, Tokio.— F. Kerr.— .1. B — E. Bonavia.— W. Brockbank.— B. E.— J. s.— Dr. J. MacFariane.- J. W.— J. (CB.-K. A. R.— W. A. C— Market Gardener. - W. C— Hurst & Sou.— A. D.— Dr. Morton.— J. II. M — A. M., both next week.— D. Radclj nV.— W. M. C. & Sons. — O. W. D. — H. Correvon, Geneva. DIED, on April 18, at Knockmullen, Gorey, Ireland, Mvsie C. M. Owen, daughter of the late Admiral Owen, April 26, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 531 WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from the roots of large Specimen Plants, Pots, Lawns, &c. It is easily and cheaply applied, and will Dot harm the mo5t delicate plant. In '.utiles, 1... 2s. id., 7s., and 12s. id. each. FOWLER'S GARDENERS' INSECTICIDE for destroying and preventing Insects, Blight, and Mildew infecting Plants and Trees. It is easily applied, either by Dipping, SyriDging, Sponging, or as a Winter Dressing. Does not require cleansing off with water; will not Stain or injure any more than plain water; and gives the foliage a bright, clean, and healthy appearance. In Jars, Is. 6a., 3s., 5s. 6d, and 10s.; and in Kegs, 28 lb., 21s. ; 56 lb., 42s. ; 112 lb.. Sis. each. FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for the Special Eradication of this most troublesome of Stovehouse Plant Pests. It is easily applied, either with a small brush or vaporiser; is instant destruction to both I - and ova, and does not stain or injure the foliage. In Bottles, Is., 2s. X7 NT A " THE UNIVERSAL r 1 v n C4 111 rt, INSECTICIDE. SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, PHEfOES Street, Edinburgh, July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Ca which you were so good to sent me. At the rate of 1 o/.. to a gallon of n rature of 95°, I find it kills Green Fly immediately. Double this strength-, or 2 oz. to i tie of all sorts in re. to gallon at same temperature effi ;, and so far as 1 have yet observed, without the slightest injury tu leaf or flow -. and it is withal a must agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, "r a a tenet gine,a much severer teal of effi or rpray. I remain, dear --. yours truly. (Signed) A. 1 Sons. i ppel Hollow iv, London, January 7, Isss. r [nseeti. cide, ' Pi r< I am pleased to say that 1 I ive found it lii It ouglit to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. w II. 1. 1 IMS " 'Tt/men, ami Florists, in Bottles at Is. id., is. id., and 3s. id. ; in Tins gallons), 10>. 6 mis. 157, Queen Victoria Btreet, I Great Reduction in Price of LETHORION (VAPOUR CONE). , ■ rpass this ■•. method (or the total de- •' ..v, • ' i -'!■.. I I Ins., t l'.-l , , , ..., ■ i w here I he -"■ ure, tfoi ■ < t in' in. . PRICES For I r ifeel ■•' i ', i . 1000 feet, i . So", , in i, ,.. i ,. I,. Owing to ' '>< ■ should oil supply. lis CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), LONDON. TO BE OBTAINED 01 ALL SEEDSM "ROSIKA", ide Mari Rej Effect ire, Harmless, Promptly and all plants from green rty, caterpillars, spiders, and other insect pests. It recommends itself to ■ its efficiency, pleasant odour, the facility with which it is applied, an I its • l< i- ion ; bo thai tnyone, however particular, can use it. anditia always readj for u«e. Price Is. Sold at all ' :■ iin-i .. ■ .'■■ : ..r direct from the manufacturers, F. SCHUTZE & CO., 3 s.\. AldersgateStreet, London, E.C. Apparatus for use of Ro»ili >. 3 ii» 3, U, 9rf., Zs and i ■ •<'. •■ RANSOMES' At the Jubilee Meeting of theR.A.S.E., Windsor, HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN and H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of PRUSSIA each pur- la Ransom fs' Lawn MOWER. LAWN MOWERS, The Best in the World. In all sizes to suit every requirement. ■• NEW AUTI IMATON," the Best Gear Machine. " CHAIN AUTOMATON." the Best Chain Machine. " NEW PARIS," the Best Small Machine. " EDGE CUTTER," the only one of real service '• HANK CUTTER." the Best for Cutting Slopes. THE BEST PONY and HORSE-POWER MOWERS. Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, ls„ 2s. id., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON. Cnrbrook bone Mills. Sheffield. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners sicca 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew. Thrips. Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft- water; -I to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard bouse Trees; and in lather from the Cake i i American might. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, I.s-., lis., and 10s. id. GISIUKSTINK keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, id. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale from PRICK'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. ANTHRACITE COAL Universally acknowledged the best fuelfoi Horticultural purposes. Forloweei quotations apply— E. T. RUSSELL and CO., BO.Wharfdale Road, King's Cross, N. I 1846. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, AND ALL GARDEN SUNDRIES. SEND FOB A PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 21, GOLDSMITH S T REE T , DUURY LANE. WO. JAS. BOYD & SONS, *K ■iaJKL ■ i hapi I-. s ' ...i :n ■■■ f . .- 1 ■ • h s, Cottages, ' • ' ■' lYn.ii'i i 'uiii i h, Verandahs, &c. Hot- water Apparatus — for warming Churches, Schools. Public Buildings, u in ions rlarneaa Booms, i Drying Rooms, Hothouses, and |] Buildings of every Description. ■ radars ^C*> Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. r[\VXNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit -L Trees, Flower Beds. &c . Erom the frosl and blight, tare j^ards for is. Can bi senl anj width on approval. paid on all orders over 5s. Hiiiuln-d. t»l' x<-\ im< mh.i1- , GEORGE EOBINSON, Fish Merchant, Rye, Su SIM'Eh'Iiji; GARDEN MATING. Special large size, 30 yards by 8 yards wide, also 5)yards by ■i yards, and LOO . i Cheapfor.i ash. BRINKWORTH anp SONS, Reading, 532 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 26, 1890. RICHARDSON'S Beat Work guaranteed, ana ^>s*x5-'/^rf at Lowest Prices. NORTH OF ENGLAND HORTICULTURAL WORKS," DARLINGTON STEEL FENCING WIRE Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. PROTECT YOUR CARDENS. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 square yards for lj. Hundreds of testimonials. GEO. ROBINSON, Fish Merchant. EYE, SUSSEX. Established 200 years. HELL I WELL'S PATENT IMPERISHABLE CLAZINC WITHOUT PUTTY, I70K GREENHOUSES and all kinds of L HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, YARDS, RAILWAY STATIONS, and every description of ROOF COVERING. Saves .ill Painting and Puttying and Breakage, and is ahsolutrly Wal .'rtight. and Five from Drip. No more expensive at first cosl , All Houses can be taken to pieces and re-erected. References eiven to works in all parts of the country of many nd Estim it.'- Free, and Measurements taken Free Desi Testimonials. "Shirburn Castle, January 5, 1890. " Sir,— As you requested my opinion of the houses which you erected for me some 4 years ago, I beg to inform you that I cou- sider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to manyof my neighbours.— Yours truly (signed) Macclesfield." " Hornby Castle, Lancaster, February, 1890. ••'. Major Foster has mach pleasure in stating that the vim Ties and forcing houses which were erected by Mr. Helli- well in 1884. continue to give perfect satisfaction, both to him- self and his gardener." " Estate Office, Ripley, Yorkshire, January 23, 1890. " Sir Henry Ingilby has much pleasure in stating that the glazing work executed by you, under your patented system, at the Ripley Castle Gardens, has been in every respect entirely satisfactory. The work has stood its S years' wear and tear ex- tremely well, and has hitherto cost nothing to keep it in repair." HELLIWELL, 9, Victoria Street, WeBtminBter. ii NEW EASY LAWN MOWER, >> HAS AN OPE N STEEL ROLLER. A man can work a 21-inch machine with- distance. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do tine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. irking, no better ished, no stronger, the market. To be obtained through all the leading Ironmo?i- gers and Seedsmen, or i c H Easy- from the Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. BASKETS, WIRE TRELLIS. eof eful articles in a garden. Strained Wire Fencing, Rabbit- proof Wire Fencing, and Galvanised Wire Netting. Aviaries and Pheaaantriea Plain or Ornamentally con- structed. Plans and Estimates submitted. R. HOLLIDAY, Horticultural Iron and Wire Works. BEAUFORT STREET, CHELSEA, S.W. BQULTON & PAUL, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, IORWICH. SPAN-ROOF GARDEN FRAME. This is a very strong and handy Frame, 14 inches high at the sides, and 27 inches at the ridge. The Lights turn quite over, are fitted with set-opes and stays, and are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three times. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. \ £2 15 0 2 „ „ 8 „ by 6 „ Cash 4 7 6 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ Prices, 5 17 6 4 » „ 16 „ by 6 „ / Carriage 7 7 6 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ Paid. 8 17 6 6 „ „ 24 „ by 6 „ 10 7 6 CARRIAGE paid to any goods Wales, to Dublm, Cork, Glasgow, i equivalent. SURVEYS HADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen in anv part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including CON- SERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. BOILERS, HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES. IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. C H EAP FRAM E S. eSfHi PORTABLE PLANT FRAMES. The above are without exception the most useful kind of frame for plant growing, and every one with a garden should possess one. The sashes turn right over one on to the other, and the boxes are put together with wedges, and can be taken apart in a few minutes. Sizes and prices, carriage paid to any station in Englatd, ready glazed and painted: — £ x. rf 6 feet long, 3 feet wide 6 feet „ 4 feet „ 12 feet „ 4 feet „ 6 feet ,, 5 feet „ 12 feet „ 5 feet ,. Larger sizes at proportionate prices, R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway Road, N. TRENTHAM BOILERS. The original and only Makers of the Genuine Trentham, 1 2 0 0 Packing 2 10 0 Cases 4 7 6 FREE. 3 10 0 1 5 17 6 SILVESTER'S: ■TRENTHAM BOILER Makers nf HOT-WATER PIPES and FITTINGS, and APPARATUS erected complete by HOT- WATER. HOT-AIR, &c. GAS and WATERWORKS PLANT of every description. FRED SILVESTER & CO., CASTLE HILL WORKS. NEWCASTLE. STAFF. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3$. ; three for 2». Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Fight- inch Enlargement, 3s.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will reeeive Highlv-nnished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. And for nil Glass Structures that require Shading. Sold in packets, Is. each, with full directions for use. and may be obtained from all Seedsmen and Nurserymen. The public are cautioned against spurious imitations. Each packet should bear the Trade Mark as above. C0RRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Lim.), London. THOS. W. ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks, Stourbridge. Pipes, 9 feet long. 6s. each; in. Socket Hot-water Pipes. 6 feet long, 6*. id. each. Illustrated revised Price List on application, free. April 26, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 533 SHANKS'Sr-SUAWN mower THE ORIGINAL LAWS MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE-EDGED SOLE PLATE, Enabling the Cutting Parts to last twice as long as in other Machines. These Machines are s(r„„K and substantial, and very easily worked. They make the Lawn like velvet, and are not liable to get out of order. Illustrated CircI'Lahs, with full par- ticulars of Machines (from 2av), for Hand, Pony, and Horse- power, sent free on application. NEW LIGHT MACHINE. WILL MOW VERGES ROUND FLOWER BEDS, &c VEKY EASY TO WORK. Price, and Particulars on application. GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. ALEX. SHANKS 8c SON, Dens Ironworks, Arbroath, And 110, Cannon Street, London, E C. A Large 9h> . ■■' d« .■. - kepi in ' where Repairs ure also executed by experienced J. LOST* - I Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists iLACKBURIN andS< >NS are offering Aroh- angelMatslower than any other hoc e D the trade- also ibnrg Mats, and Mat Bag-, B lading Price* f re. i id 5, Wormwood Street B.O. H Y. VAN 8c CO., 25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E. PROTECTION for FRUIT md FLOWERS. GARDEN NETTING, 1 , or per 100 yarde, tto. -1 )ards (ride, '■'■!., 01 1 SCRIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d I 2 yards, 8d TIFFANY, M- niches wide, in 20 yir : , HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AKD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. =il^Sfe*^Wf^;*^ total Kstimiites pi veil for Lurge Contractu in Fencing, ng, fca Perianal Surreys <.f uStatea made, and practical e given hm to bbe best and most ecouomicul Fencea to pul Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. rT — - - -^^BaftllllE^SSSsS Are used by the leading Horticulturists and largest Nurseries in the World, and acknowledged by all to be the lightest, itrongest, best coloure I, most perfect shaped and finished pots ever manufactured. MARKET POTS, Or Long Toms, are largely used by Market Growers— they aremadeaitreaterd.-pth. wider at bottom, and save half an inch in width >• tv pots. Have no rims. VINE POTS Are used by the leading VineGroweraUiroughout the king- dom, and pronoun. <1 uo< [ualled fur Vint- Culture. CHRYSANTHEMUM POTS. almost nprighl ■ lik.- narrow bottoms) pot«; give maximum r om foi nutrimenl il ro U*of pi ints, CLEMATIS POTS. OPINION. " four pol Drst-clasa 'Olematla I ■ Messrs. Wood & Ingram. Huntingdon. ROSE POTS. like He ■rail nil,. ever used." Messrs. Richard Smith & Co., Nurseries, Worcester. "Thi i r : ,.■ ■ i here I rgel] nipplii ! lis with are light, stroi and n n reapei I highly satisfactory "- Messrs. Llcksons. Ltd .Cheeter. •■ For nearly thirty yean I have been using ■•• ar uVai len Pota, mid still And them the beat and cl Mr. William Bull, Chelsea. "Wi . .. 11 Pots highly satisfactory. Om, i Improvements lasl ren years in them." Messrs. Pearson & Sous, Chllwell Nurseries, Notts. •s unples .I ■! i'i i i ., 610. Half carriage on 65, Bpi dtj Orchid Pa d Pots SANKEY & SON, BULWELL POTTERIES, NOTTINGHAM. 21 -oz. ami 15-oz. Foreign, of abov English Glass, i fru and ■„„ , "HORTICULTURAL PUTTY/' Own Special Uanufactn GEORGE FABMILOE & SONS, Lfad, Glass, oil. and Colour Mkhciuxts, 84, 8t. John Street, West Smlthfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote droaic/s, (M A ic I) I N R V, Q (I IS1TB S,— V_X sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Uamboo Canes. Rustic Work, Manures, &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON U(D SCULL, W, Lou er Thames Street, Loudon, E.C. TRY THE NEW "TENNIS n LAWN MOWER, lined, well constructed, and almost noise- y to work, and eminently suitable A beautiful! less Machine. for the Tennis Ground, anil also for' Ornamental Garden in.'-' Hearing is encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd., Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent. •• Victoria," "Climax," "Manchester," and Kovat Anglo-American Lawn Mowers. 75,000 sold siuce 1869. Price LrSTS ou application. GORTON, MANCHESTER. S* To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom, or. if any difficulty is J periei ced lireel from the Manufactory . PROTECT YOUR PLANTS. "Frigi Domo" Registered Trade Mark CANVAS. From Damp, Frost, and Cold Winds. A perfect Non-Conductor of heat, keeping wherever it is applied an even temperature. To be obtained of all Nurserymen and Seedsmen, NOTICE. The words " Frigi Domo" are registered as a Trade Mark, and in two recent actions of Benjamin Edgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, v. John Edging- tun & Co., Defendants, and lienjamin I'tlgington, Limited, Plaintiffs, ». Osman & t'<>., Defendants, judgments have been obtained against the !><•- fendants for a Perpetual [njunotion, restraining them I'r using the words " Frigi Domo" as a Trail.- Mark for any material intended to be used for Horticultural or similar purposes not manu- factured by or for the Plaintiffs or selected by them, and the Defendants, .John Edgington & < !o., and Osman & Co., were ordered to pay Damages and Costs. BENJAMIN EDGINGTON (LIMITED), 2, Duke Street, LONDON BRIDGE, S.E. 1<\\TI:a STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards J wide, ljd yard: I yards wide, 3d yard ; or 2 yards wide 10». per 100 i 4 yards wide, 20 j, per 100 yards, mow TWINE NETTING, 1 yard wide, 2d. yard; 3 yarda wide, id. yard ; 4 yurds wide. tit. yard; 12 yards wide, 2j. yard. COTTON NET, nine meshes In square iiieh, I J yards wide. 7(1. yard run. W. CDLLINQFORD, l27,Field Hoad, Forest Qate, London, E, 534 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Apkil 26, 1890. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Hen iLi lech irged t stww. JRO 8 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 b 5 „ 0 3 fi 16 0 9 U 6 „ n 4 0 17 . . 0 9 b 7 „ n 4 6 18 0 10 0 8 , 0 n 19 . 0 10 6 9 „ 0 5 r 20 . 0 11 0 10 - 0 R 0 21 ,, 0 11 b 11 0 6 6 22 0 12 0 12 „ 0 7 0 23 . 0 12 b 13 „ n 7 6 24 )! 0 13 0 14 „ 0 8 0 25 » 0 13 b AND SIXI EN'CE FOB EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. vo Colum is. the lowest charge will be 20s. Tf set across th ee Colum ns the lowest charge will be 30S. Page. £ 3; HalfP age, £4 10s ; Column £3. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations 2(1 words, including name and address. Is. Qd., and 61 for every additional line (about 9 words) or part of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PREPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordinary scale. IMPORT I VT NOTICE.— Advertisers are cmdumed aaainst having Letters addressed to Initials at PosUqffices, as all Letters so addressed are opened by the authorities and returned to the sender. Births. Deaths and MaBRIAHES, is. each insertion. Advertisements for the current week must reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable in Advance. The United Kingdom : 12 Months. 15s. ; 6 Months, 7s. 6d. ; 3 Months, 3s. 9d. FOREIGS (excepting India and China), including Postage, 173. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 193. 6d. Post-office Orders to be made payable al the Post Office, 42, DRURY LANE. W.C . to W. Richabds. Poblishino Office and Office for Advertisements, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. London. W.C. Ask your Sundnesmm or Ironmonger for AP R 1 L-S HOW E R Y\ Al ERING-POj S, Curtiss Patent or obtain them direct from Patentee For Damping Down. Sprinkling, &c.: those Pots cannot be equalled. Catalogues posMr i application. W. CURTIS, Arcade, Ipswich. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write fur a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, Loudon. W. Sii nations for all Pupils at good salaries. ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE " WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Ex-tensiv rculation among the i inner and "middle , l.i-.,-s in Worcestershire and adjoining counties Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and p irticulars of Estates Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture, Hooks, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stick and Agricultural Effects. The "WORCESTER HERALD" is the most effective organ for eivin<- publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists iu and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Laud Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let woulado well t hertise ,„ the - WORCESTER HERALD." the Leading County Paper. Specially adapted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the "WORCESTER HERALD" is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. S F E C I MEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. Offices : - 72, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.000. 80,000 Annual Policy - holders. Invested Capital aud Reserve Fund, £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office :— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings. W.C. Head Office :— 64, Cornhill, London. E.C. WILLIAM .7. VIAN. Secretary. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. New Edition, corrected up to date. THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOSEPH Paxton, M.P. Reprinted from the Gardeners' Chronicle. Price 3fZ. ; post-free Z%d. Twenty-five copies, 5s.; 50, 10s.; 100. 20s. Parcels of not less than 25 delivered carriage free in London only. Not less than 100 carriage paid to any part of Great Britain. W RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mr. Henry Chinnells, recently Foreman at Eridge Castle Gardens, as Gardener to Cap1. MrTFOiiD, Pits Hill, Petworth, Sussex. Mr. W. .1. Welch, for the past six years Foreman in the Gardens, Easton Parle, Wiokham Market, has been engaged as Head Gardener to Sir John D. Poyndre, Bart., Hartham Park, Corsham, Wilts. Mr, John Jefferson, late Gardener at Totley Grange, Sheffield, as Head Gardener to the Right Honourable Viscount Bury, The Hyde, Luton, Beds. Mr. R. Waihiam, for the last two years em- ployed in Holly Lodge Gardens, Highgate, London, as Gardener to Admiral BbadshaW, The Grange, Steeple Aston, Oxford. Mr. (i. II. Smith, as Head Gardener and Bailiff to the Rev. Canon Chapman, Paul's Cray Hill, Kent. I*/ ANTED, a GARDENER to go abroad. VV Accustomed to the Cultivation of Palms for the Market. An energetic man about 30; total al, -tinner, and married. £100 per annum and house free— M. C. L.. W. II. Smith & Sen-. Union Street, Birmingham. XAT ANTED, a single GARDENER, to live V> on Premises. Under Gardener kept. Must have large experience of Indoor and Outdoor Wool;. First-class n n - required.— B. Y., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, -II, Wellington Strel, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a SINGLh-IIANDED GAR- DENER for Conservatory and Flower Garden. Must be an expert Propagator, and bear an exceptionally goo.l character Also required an ASSISTANT for Window Boxing. —Apply, Grand Floral Depot, 283, Regent Street, W. W\NTED. :t SINGLE-HANDED (iAK- DENER tl roughly competent man, well up in Cul- tivation of on,; - and Fruit generally. Indoor and Out Evitv , .in , i.. '■ provided ; houses must be keptfree of fly, and work followed up systematically ; j acre inclusive, no gravel paths; cottage on ground.— Apply by letter, stating full particulars, E. SUMMERS, Albert Cottage, St. Julians Road. Streatharn. WANTED, as UNDER GARDENER, and to make himself useful, an active and healthy young Man, about 20. Must be strong, as he will be required to do Pumping Wanes ISs. Nuthing found. Good reference's us to honesty ami sutirifty,— L,, Chesterfield House, Ewell. Surrey. AN 1'ED, an OUTDOOR FOREMAN, who can Execute Orders. Must be well up in Roses aud Propagation of Hollies, and Seedling Fruit Tree and Ro-e Stocks. None but strictly sober men need apply.— . I. R. l'I \RsnN ami SONS. Chilwell, Nott . \\T ANTE D, F O R E M A N. in Douses. V V Thoroughly up in Vines, Stove. Orchids. Greenhouse, Chrysanthemums, Melons, &e. 19s., if Sunday duty Is. extra, exeellcnt bothv. milk, potatos, and vegetables. Woman cn.il,. - Particulars to JAS. WARD. Bally waiter Park, Co. Down, Ireland. Unsuitable applications not, answered. WANTED, energetic young MAN, Inside and Out. Well up in Forcing Strawberries. Tomatos, Sec. State wages required, and full particulars.— J. S. HEWARD, Arundel Nursery, Littlchamptou. WANTED, an active young MAN, to Work in the Houses. Must understand Cueumbers. Tomatos, Strawberries, Chrysanthemums. &c. — WALTER .MANN, Market Gardener, Whitton, Middlesex. WANTED, a young MAN, used to Tying, Watering, Potting, aud General Nursery Work. £1 per week.-DAVEY, Church Road Nurseries, Bexley Heath, S.E. __ WANTED, a young MAN, for the General Work of a Small Nursery.— Apply, stating experience, wages expected, &c, to H. SOWTER, Wolstanton, Stoke- on-Trent. TMPROVERS. — OPENINGS for several JL YOUTHS, with excellent future prospects.— J. C. NELSON, Cambridge Nurseries, East London, South Africa. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Restante " to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. WANTED, a skilled PROPAGATOR of Rhododendrons, &c. Must be a successful Budder and Grafter of Fruit Trees, and other hardy stock. He must be enei tic. sober, and trustworthy. Full particulars, ex- peri.ii, ." and salary required.— JAMES SMITH AND SONS, Darley Dale Nurseries, near Matlock. WANTED, TWO strong, obliging, young MEN, accustomed to Growing Roses under Glass, and general Market Flowers for a Nursery near Bradford. State wa-es expected with bothy. Good reference required as to ability and conduct. -G. .!., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Coveut Garden, W.C. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this m all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been made payable at a particular office, and to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B.—The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDFR. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs, Foresters. &c. DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thorough y vrartiril at their business. All particil'ars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSONS, Chester." DICHAED SMITH and CO XV beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries. Worcester. HEAD GARDENERS.— At the present time I c in recommend several highly respectable MEN, of known ability and first-class character. I have also several YOUNG MEN requiring situations in first-class places —Head Gardeners please apply for particulars.— THOS. BUTCHER, Seed Merchant, Croydon. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30 ; thoroughly understands Gardening in every branch— Glass, Kitchen Garden, Pleasure Grounds. First-class references.— Q., Mrs. Perkins, Paxton Road, Chiswick. GARDENER (Head).— C. Warden, Gar- dener to Sir F. H. Bathurst, Bart., Clarendon Park, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Rayner. to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a good Gardener. ("1 ARDENER (Head), where three or more X are kept.— Age 30 ; seeks engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical man in all branches of the business. Character will bear strictest investigation.— .1. CONNOLLY Dartrey, CO. Monaghan, Ireland, GARDENER (Head).— A. Bye, thirty years Head Gardener, Hampton Court, Leominster. Here- fordshire, will be shortly disengaged, and begs to offer his vices to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough, ctical b siness man. GARDENER (Head) ; age 30— Mr. Lowhy, Head Gardener to Sir Humphrey-de-Trafford, Bart, Tr ifl'.ird Park. Manclicster, wishes to recommend his Foreman, James Adshead. as above. Previous experience gained at Worsleyllall, Manchester, and Haigh Hall, Wigan, Lancashire. G" ARDENER (Head) ; age 30, married.— C. Honess will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Woodward, as above in a medium-sized establishment, to any Ladv or Gentleman requiring a thi.riiugbly competent trust- worthy man.— The Gardens, Cobham Park, Cobham, Surrey. GARDENER (Head). —J. Chandler can with confidence recommend his Foreman to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the above. All particulars will be gladly answered.— J. CHANDLER, Nyn Park, Potter's Bar, Herts. ARDENERr (Head) ; age 46.— Advertiser offers his services to any Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman, requiring a good practical man iu all branches, including Fruit, Flowers, and Kitchen Garden; Land and Stock if required. For the last sixteen years at Worksop Manor. Cause of leaving, establishment broken up through death. First-class testimonials and reference.— THOMAS H. SUTTON, Queen's Street, Westfields, Retford. Aphil 2G, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 585 GARDENER (Head). — Age 31 ; Scotch. Sixteen years' practical experience in all-round Gar- dening—M., 4S", Malham Koad, Forest Hill. S.E. p A R D E X E R (Head) ; age 30. — Mr. Or AXDERSON-. Gardener to James Mason. Esq., Eyn-liam Hill. Witney, will be pleased to recommend his prncipal Foreman, William Guy. who has lived with him nearly four years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiringa thoroughly experi- enced Gardener. — Address as above. GARDEXER (Read). — Age U, married; thirteen years' experience in some of the best, places ; eight years in pre-ent as Head. Has had the Management of Peaches. Vines. Melons, Cucumbers, Store. Greenhou Kitchen and Flower Garden. Ornamental Grounds, and the Management of Park and Forest Treas. First-class f^sti- monials from past and present employers. — 'YATSON, Field Cottage, Wrentham, Suffolk. GARDEXER (Head Working); age 32, married.— Deputy-Surgeon General Ron, Portmore, Weymouth, wishes to recornm-mil his Gardener to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly practical man. G GARDENER (Head Working).— Married, IT no family; verv successful in Fruit, Flowers, and Vege- tables. Six vears* good ehnra^ter. Last place. Gentleman in London.— f. R., 6. East Park Cottages, Crawley. Sussex. GARDEXER (Head Working), where two or more are kept.— Age 37, unmarried ; thoroughly ex- I ! in all branches of first-class Gardening. Good haracter and abilities. — F. BUTT, Grove , Balderton, Newark-on-Trent. G\UI>EXER (Head Working); age 27.— C. J. Salter, Gardener to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Wo I gate, Surrey, will be pleased to r his present Foreman. A. Dodd, who has been with him twelve months, also six years Foreman under the late Mr, l to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical and reliable man. GARDENER (ELbad Working), where two or three are kept, or good Sl\(.l.r. msio l,._Age 27, -ui^'le ; t ; tical e cperienoe in all 1-1 IB IB, ill- Woodhill Send, near Woking GARDEXER (Hwad), or ORCHID GROWER, 1 iral • I — \ ei - ic — fnl Grow, ezperieno I haracter.— G., Mr. 11. G. Smyth, n et, Drury Lane, W i . GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF. Tii- l.i , ' ' i i ub»l Co, (John Cowan), Lira near Liverpool, wish to recommend a tir.t claM man in the above capacity. Dhexce] on application to the Company. GARDENER.— Age 31, single; pr at W. D . .Mr, Watts, King • GARDENER. Young; experienced in Market Hui i i .1 band at I I BBEWER, ;i. I Belle Vae Villaa, 74, Packham, I.,. s.K GARDENER, whe ne 01 more assistants are kepi Middli and varied experience in all branches. G I Office, si. We gton 9tre< t. Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Single-handed). — A married, uo family; Abstainer. Experienced in alt .1. I'., 4, Rowland Grove, Welle Road, 1 S.E, GAKDKNKK ( * i mji.i -ii \ tfDBD ). or I or in a Nur-i r , well recom- I ■ i .. Mr Bturt, Stal r, Farnham, Surrey G.\ RDEN BR, under a Foreman, in the Souses or Bi .si>, where three or four are kept. — Age 27. single W. H., Paj toirs Nutfield, Surrey. G\ RDENEE (Si i ond). Age 24 ;" eight yearn" ex] I Oul i i . i , mi i i; er. - -\. TROTT, 2, . e Cotta Barnard' -> Qreen, Qre t1 Malvern, Wop estershlre. AHD i:.\ Ii i: [?Se. ond).— Age 32, single ; sixteen years' experience; eight pears is Flori t. ptional references C. C INN, Victc is Niira ry, B ad, Plaistow, K. GAR] H ;\ Ki; (Second l, ■•■ here three or more are kepi I peril dc ■ 'i wo ye ir ; I ch unci er, J. Bl IDMAN, Kington Magna, GHlingham, Dorset. ARDENER (Skcoxd), where three or four are kept.— E. W. JKifKlNSOif, Head Gardener, Kendall Mill. Elstree, Herts, can highlj recommend W. COUZENS for th.- above, Good character. GARDENER (Srcond), in good establish- ment Age 24, -i,,-i,., eight and a halt years 'pre, tloal experiei □ larg tabiishniente. Five years and a half in last place, three in previous. Can be well recommended.— vv. WRIGHT, Tilbury, Halstead, Essex GARDENER (Under), or Second in hot In Age 20; seven year9' experience Inside aiel lint. Good character— R. F. FAIKMILE, Cobham, Surrey. GARDEXER (Under), where two or three are kept. — Age 23 ; eight years' experience ; five in different branches of a Nursery, and three in Private Garden. Good character.— A. BEALE, 58, Garland's Road, Red Hill. GARDENER (Under).— Age 19 ; three years in last situation. Good references. Total abstainer.— E. BRACKLE1\31, Cromwell Road, Red Hill, Surrey. GARDEXER (Under).— Age 20; three years' personal character from last place. Experience 1 Inside and Out.— G. BRETT, 29. Spa Hill, Upper Norwood, S.E. GARDEXER (Under).— Age 22 ; three and a half years' Inside and Out. Use a Scythe. Can be well recommended.— J. T., 2, Dover Street, West Borough, Maidstone, Kent. GARDENER (Under), In, or In and Out of Houses. — Age 20 ; five and a half years' experience. Good reference. Total abstainer.— H. CUTIS, New Mill, Tnng, Herts. GARDENER (Under), where three or four are kept.— Age 20; six years' experience Inside and Out. Good character.— F. P., The Cottage, Iping. Midhurst, Sussex. GARDENER (Under), In, or Inside and Out.— Age 23; eight years' experience.— Three years' present situation. Good character.— 11. GIBBS, 23, Harmony- Street, Rusthall, Tunbridge Weils. ARDENER, FOREMAN, or good Second, n Good Establishment. — A^-e 27, single; twelve years' experience; good references. — T. BONNER G irk, Godalming, Surrey. To Nurserymen. FOREMAN, or WORKING MANAGER, where experience is required in Grape, Cucumber, fcc,— W. .V. Gar- i ron tele Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. I^OREMAN, iti good establishment. — Age 24 ; two years' Foreman al Wexham l'.irk, Slough, Bucks, ominended by previous employers. Toul abstainer, HARRY Vox. Cobham, Surrey. FOREMAN, in a good Establishment.— Age i7 ; live and u half years' previously as such, I highly re ummended by pri r, ind by Mr. Herrin, ; D LNl EK, 1 De.in I'nrk. n I^OREMAN in the Souses in good Establish- nient. —Age 2'-> ; two years present j i ; Castle H Good ■ icter. II. as, stoke Edith Park, Hereford, or Mr. Ward. G I^OREMAN, or otherwise. Age 28; fourteen - i good experiem I G eenbouse Plants, D i ivlor, Wicken, Stony si, itford, 1TOREMAN (VVouiuNa). -Thoroughly prac- • hryaanthe- ' ilarg i-, Primu i Lspedistrn, A. s., \ icarage ltoad Nursery. Watford, FOREMAN, or l'ltOPAGATOI. ana GBOWBR, Ace 25; well up in Plants, Cul !i , Gardmnert' Chronicle Offi •■. II. Welllngi !. w.i . TfUREMAN, or 1II,- Mouses, in a good Establishment. — Age 2 1 ; eight years' experience - V7. B. AVISFORD, Arundel, Sussex. JOURNE1 MAX, in a good Establishment; age 22; William Hebne, Hanbury Hall, Droitwich, can strongly recommend an active pushing yonng man, with nine years' experience. _^ OURNEYMAN, in the Houses; age 22.— 0. Mayo can strongly recommend an active, useful young man, as above, desiring a change.— C. MAYO, The Gardeos, Rodborough Court, Stroud, Gloucestershire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; tJ six years' experience in General House Work, with good references.— W. SANFORD, Upton, Marychurch, Torquay. To the Trade. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, by a young man well up in Growing Fruit, Plants, aud Cut Flowers for Market.— A^e 23 ; six years' good reference from present ,-m- ployer.— H. BURGESS, 4, Collier Road, Caterham. Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, in Houses, in a Gentleman's Establishmeut, — Age 23; eight years' practical experi- ence in large places. Good character from present and previous employers. — C. CL4XSOX, The Gardens, South Weald, Brentwood. Essex. JOURNE\rMAN, or Second in the Houses in Good Establishment.— Age 24. single; nine years' ex- perience; three years in present situation. Can he highly recommended.— C. LUCAS, Husbands Bosworth, Rugby. "jMPUOYER, Indoors.— Age 21; abstainer. -L Potting, Watering, Tying, and General Indoor Work.— J. WOOD, 13, William Street North, Hnddersfield. TMPROYER, in good Establishment.— Age 21 ; A six years' previous experience. High class reference. — HENRY BROWNE, Superintendent. Dartmouth Park, West Bromwich. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in good estab- lishment.—Age 18; small premium given if required. Near Liverpool preferred.— F. TOTTEV, Rose Lane, Mossley Hill, Liverpool. IMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— Age 19.— Strong, active, and willing. Two and a half years' good character. Abstainer. A. B, High Street, Swanage, Dorset . |"MPROVER, Inside.— Age 21; five years' * experience in Crowing Ferns, Palms, Bulbous and Foliage Plants, &-■. (ii^ I ,'h.u.u-t.T. Strong and willing.— C. REY- NOLDS, Broton Astley. Rugby. IMPROVER, in the Houses, in good Establish- ment.—Age 18; strong, active, and willing. Three years' Nursery experiei ■ Ei etlenl character.- YV. HILLS, The Gardens, Danebury, Stockbridge. PLEASURE-GROUND MAN, or Ind ors and -I- Out U" .:, three years' good character.— State wages toT. K.. Fanshaws, Hertford, Herl . 'I'm \1 USKIO MIA. \ yonng Man (age 2] i. tation under a Foreman; three years' expert* Go -i ri tereno - fAPONICA, Mr. Holmes, T will have oppor- I ties ol Dearning.— Rev. J. HEBERDEN, Hinton Rectory, Ure I ird, Hants. OEEDSMEN or CORN MERCHANTS.— A O young Man requires a situation in the above. Six years experience In Retail Seed Shop. Good references. — E. BRIGHTON, Ombersley, Droitwich. AINTER, GLAZIER, &c, on Gentleman's i:-l iblishment.— Age .'1L'; filled a similar situation before. < I referent eg given. W. D„ tins Works, Cobham, Surrey. SIlMl'MAN (Assistant). -Age L'l ; overnight years' experience, -mk.ntha, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington Street, strand, W.O. SIImI' ASSISTANT.— Four years' experience in London and Provincial Houses. Good references.— A. 3., 13, Alfred Road Sparkbrook, Birmingham. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS.— Colds, Coughs, Shortness of Breath, These maladies require early nn mittina, .1 on, tor if neglected they often end in Asthma, Bronchitis, or Consumption, The Oint- ment well rubbed upon the chest and back, penetrating the skin, is absorbed and carried directly to the lungs, whence it expels ill impurities. All the hlood in the body is perpetually passing through the lung-, and there all noxious iiarticles tending to disease ran I,- , 1 uie I, I v, thoroughly, n nd I.ermai tly neutralized, rendered harmless, or ejected from the system Holloway's Ointment IPil , rfectlj omplieh this purifi- cation; and through the h, I thus idealised, the inllueriee of tle-.r u underfill mrd ,, allien t - re lehe- I he relied' st parts df the human body, and thus cure- all diseased action, whether internal or external. 536 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [April 26, 1890. ptfe££Ts#IO?r DURABLE TOIIiET SOAP, tfENCE THE BEST & CHEAPEST for the Skin and Complexion, produces Fair White Hands — Soft Healthful Skin — Bright Clear Complexion. Its agreeable Perfume, beautiful appearance, and soothing properties commend it as the "GREATEST LUXURY OF THE TOILET." Prevents Redness, Roughness, and Chapping. Imparts and maintains a soft velvety condition of the skin. Recommended by SIR ERASMUS WILSON, late President of the College of Surgeons of England. PEARS' SOAP is pure, delightful, fragrant, durable ; free from excess of alkali, contains no colouring matter, and may be used to the thinness of a wafer. PEARS' SOAP is sold everywhere in Tablets, 1 ». each ; larger sizes, 1*. 6d. and 2*. 6d. (the 2s. 6d. Tablet is perfumed with Otto of Roses) ; smaller Tablets, unscented, 0d. Insist on having PEARS' SOAP, as vilely injurious imitations are often substituted. Editorial Cumin Printed by Wili by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden .at inns should be addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street. Covent Garden, London W C M Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBURY, Agnew, &Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the Couutvof Middlesex, and published the said County.— Saturday, April 26, 1690. Agent for Manchester— John Heywood Established No. 175.-Vol.YH. {££} SATUEDAY, MAY 3, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper. { PR'CE 3d. I Post-Free, 3$d. CONTENTS. Angr,ecum sesquipeu de 647 Narcissus poeticus going Aphis on fruit trees .-.:■: -i blind .,..,' Berlin Exhibition 54U Book :— N»nt-y-Glyn 54" Glimpses into Nature's Obituary : — Secrets ana Low, Stuart H. ftflU Cattleya citrina M7 odontoglossuni Hors- Cvpnpedlum. a complex manix 547 hybrid 1.4; Orchid-houses ,, vote, a ■ ■•• .. notes 547 Daffodil selection 653 Orchids at Cheara Park... 641 Double (lowers .V.I „ inSikkim 648 Fernando Noronha 66 l Peach- growing Fertilisation of tlou.-rs... 554 Peaches aud Nectarines Flora of British India ... 66 1 56? Florists' (lowers 669 I'l.mis and their culture :,.'n Flower garden .'.il Primula Siebolui 556 Fruit trees, mulching ... 546 Silk Fruits under glass 661 BocieUea Garden arbours 660 Manchester Hardeners' Orphan Fund 663 Royal Aquar.um 1 (I u-dening appointmenta 6M Koval Horticultural ... a..s Hardy frail garden 5a 1 \ork Florists' Hybrids, structure oi ... alii SI r i» berry, Laxtun ■. Hew. plants in (lower a( Noble 55t Kitchen garden 661 Strawberries, mulching HI M inures 557 \ eg) 1 tNleConference, the ..is Microscopic stru Wilil-milh Memorial ... hybrids 64a Zygopetalum caul 544 Illusth ATIONS. Cypripeilium bellatulum 556 „ Curtisi 551 .. MorgaiMBX 645 ,, Stonei vtir. platyttcnium. Narcissus prodigy i'. Peach-house, a 551) Advertisers are specially requei teil to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position be guaranteed for ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. Now ready, In cloth, 119. 6d. THE GARDEN Kits' CHRONICLE, J. Vol. VI.. Third Series. .II'I.Y to DEO., 1889. W. RICHARDS. 41. Wellington B treat, Strand, W.C. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to America, including Postage, is S4.30 for Twelve Months. AgentforAmerlca:— E. H.LIBBY. Manager, "The Ana iric in Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. O Y AL BOTANIC SOCIETY Gardens, Regent's Park, N.w. FIRST SIMMK1I EXHIBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS will tuke place on WEDNESDAY, May 14. Schedules of Pri/.es, fa., to be obtained al the Gardens. CU Y S T A L V A 1, A (' E. GREAT BUMMER EXHIBITION of PLANTS and FLOWERS, Mli'lUlAY, May 10. Entries Close on May.'). Forms and Schedules post-free on application to .Mr. w. O. HEAD, Superintendent, Gardens Department, Crystal Palace, S.E. THE THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL SHOW of the TUNI1RIDGE WELLS HORTK'I'LTIIKAL SOCIETY -will be held in the Spa Grounds, Tunl.ridg- Wells, on WEDNESDAY, July 9, 1890. PRIZES to the value or over ONE HUNDRED an I EIGHTY POUNDS, First Prize for eight Stove and Greenhouse Plants, £$. First I'ri/.e for eight Foliage Plants, £6. Also N. R. Society's Medals. Open to all England. Schedules, entry forms, and all particulars of the . Secretary, WILLIAM E. IIRAM1TON, 31, Culverden Park Road, Tunbridge Wells, |> RIG I1TON HORTICULTURAL 1) ASSOCIATION. GRAND ROSE SHOW (with Plants, Ferns, &c.) JULY 9 and 10. GRAND AUTUMN EXHIBITION, SEPTEMBER 10 and 11. For Schedules, apply to — EDWARD CARPENTER, Secretary, 96, St. JamesStreet. Brighton. ALPINES and HARDY HERBACEOUS PLANTS.— Catalogue 7.' paget, illustrated with descrip- tive anil culturat notes, 9*1 each. 100 Saxifrages, 100 sorts, 25s. ; 100 Rock Plants in Ion sort-, .'.v. STANSFIELD BROTHERS, Southport. £A AfM. LOBELIA, Emperor William, «Jl7^VVV/ warranted true from cuttings JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. 6d. per 100, 205. per 1000. for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery, Wallhamstow, E. Grape Vines. WM. PAUL and SON have still a tine Stock of well-ripened, short-jointed Canes, of all leading van. ii.s. Fruiting, 6s. to 10>. rkf . each ; Planting, 3s. tW. to 5s. each. Paul's Nurseries. Waltham Cross, Hcrls. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Hi BSJ hvmks. Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287. 288. Flower Market. Govern Garden, Loudon. W.C.. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice OUT FLOWERS iu any quantity for their Commission Department. Boxes aud Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address-" COMMISSION. Sidcup." JYV. BARNHAM Receives on Commission, . GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice KKI I I flowers. His persona! attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Sules daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C. A U S T I N BOB i: I: T S is prepared to t\- RECEIVE CHOICE FLOWERS for Disposal al best Market Prices. Quick Sales, prompt returns, and Weekly Settlements. Good reference*. Boxesand Labels supplied. 26, Russell Court. Catherine Street. Slrnnd. London. W.C. CHOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT — Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY BIDES. Covent Garden, W.0. pUT FLOWERS and Choice FRUITS Vy Received and Sold on Commission daily at the Covent Garden of the North, by WM. HI 'I.MAN, Produce Auctioneer, Newcastle-on-Tvne. Telegraphic Address—" BULMAN. Newcastle-on-Tync." ("'HAS. COOP BR and CI )., Wholesale Florists, J Bedfordbury. Covent Garden, areopento ReceiveCoiisign- mentsof Choice Cut Flower-, for I heir I'mnruission Department. Established 15 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street, Covent Garden, W.C., will be I i receive for Sale on Commission. Consignments of really Choice Cul FT.OWEES, FBUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly atlciidtd to. Bankers— London and County Bank. Telegraphic Address— "Boll VARDI A, Loudon." ANTED, Pair Variegated ALOES, about 8 feel through, in good condition. Also a quantity of 1IEKNIAKIA GLABRA, for carpet-bedding work. G. PH1PPEN, Nurseryman, Reading. ANTED, Specimen Plants of ALOCASIAS I.OWII. METALLICA, VKITCHII, and INTER- MEDIA; also DIPLADBNIAS in variety. Particulars and WANTED, a quantity of Dutch Dwarf BOX EDGING. Offers, with price, to FISHER, SON, ami SIBRAY. Handswoith Nurseries. Shellield. ANTED TO PURCHASE, Large Plants which have outgrown (heir conservatory— CAMEL- LIAS. CHAM.KKOl'S. NIKKIM RHODODENDRONS, and ARALIA SIEBOLDI. Particulars to E. GOLDSMITH. Leonardslee, Horsham. WANTED, MASDEVALLIAS.— Brevis, Aa viola, Uustavii, Hinksianum, EnequaHs. macrodac- tyla, muaoOata, jj^sitla, pachyura. wtriatella, tricolor, trig- lochin, Tubeana, urostachya, velutiua, xanthodactyla, Also choice PLEOBOTHAXLIS and RESTREPtAS, healthy plants, guaranteed. For any of uUivr, send description arnl cash price tu Mr. R. I. MEASURES, Cambridge Lodge, Flodd.n Road, Camberwell, S.E. Sow In May. SUTTON'S IMPROVED DOUBLE GERMAN' WALLFLOWER.— A magnificent strain, including many beautiful colours which are not obtainable from ordinary seed. Plants dwarf and robust in habit, throw- ing up large dense spikes of deliciously scented flowers. Very easy of cultivation. Six varieties, separate, '6s., mixed. Is. M. per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM CALADIUMS. — LAINGS' COLLECTION of these beautiful Foliage Plants, and which has received many Bftedala and 1st Prizes, should be now inspected. Free admission. Descriptive CATALOGUES post-free. JOHN LAING and SONS. Cuhidium Growers and Nursery- men, Forest Hill, London, S.E. LILY of the VALLEY BLOOMS (Berlin Giant), '.is. per gross, carriage paid. Sample box, Is. Address. St. Thomas. Crediton. PRIMROSE (Bare Old), deep dark double enmson, for Sale, 6s. per dozen. Stamped correspondence iui ite.i. Note address, (.'ash with order. J. T. 6BEIG, Sunnyaide, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. CUPEKB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands O 1.- elect from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, I, Mania Vale, London, W. IfOR SALE, 10,000 GENISTAS, in 3-ineh A Dots, at 7a. per 200. Cash with order. T. BALDWIN ANliSON, K.lith Nursery, Burchall Koad. Leyton. UUCHSIAS, strong and well-rooted, in 50 best 1~ vars.. Double and Single. Ms. per 100. for cash. S. MOKTI.MKK, Swiss Nursery, Furnham, Surrey. Catalogue of Ferns, Fine Foliage Plants, &c. HI!. MAY liegs to announce that he has just . published Ins New CATALOGUE ol Kerns, Crotous, Dra is. and other Ine Foliage Plant.; also Houvardias, Tree Carnations, damatia Wee, tto. Free on application, H. B, MAY. Dyson's Lane Nurseries, Upper Kdmonton. Pi; 1 . A 1 K ; ( > M U MS. — Extra strong, healthy, hushy plants, showing bud ; Show, French, and Decora- tive kinds, byname, In 48 and lU-size pots. 12s. and 15s. per dozen ; 80s. and 100s. per 100. Boxes and packing free. Cash with order.— JAS. HOLDER AND SON, Crow n Nuniery, Reading. C T RAWBE RRIES. O Warranted the best plants in the Trade. NOBLE, very fine 5s. per 100. in 500 lots. KING OF EARLIES as. per 100 do. UlTKGHLEY PRESIDENT ... 2s. per 100 do. R. GILBERT. High Park, Stamford. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 5s., post-free 5s. fid. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society. Chiswick. V SEAKALE, Strong Forcing, 8s. per 100; seconds, fls. Strawberry Plants, in 60-pots, strong, 8s. per 100. Pyracantha Lalandi, 2\ to 3 feet, iu pots, 12s. per dozen. All first rate, packing free, for cash. W. FBOMOW AND SONS, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, W. HOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bug and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, aud direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE. 10, Victoria Road. Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. LAWN MOWERS. — The "EXCELSIOR" (Patent)hasthelargest8alein the world. and is pronounced by all Gardeners to be the very beet for keeping the Lawn in prime condition. The patent " NEW MODEL "la guaranteed to be the easiest working machine in the market. Can be had of all Ironmongers and Seedsmen. Price Lints post-free from Hie manufacturers.— CHADBORN AND COLDWELL, M'f'g. Co., 223, Upper Thames Street, London, E.C. See large Advertisement, page 542. 538 THE GABDENEHS' CHRONICLE. [Mat 3, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Exeter. HIGHLY IMPORTANT Three Days' UNRESERVED SALE of particularly well-grown STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Messrs. Lucornbe, Pince & Co., who are relinquishing their business. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, The Exeter Nurseries, Exeter, on TUESDAY NEXT, May 6, and two following days, at 12 o'clock precisely each day, without the slightest reserve, the first portion vi the extensive and valuable Stock of STOVE and GKEESHOUSE PLANTS, comprising 200 specimens, such as Stephanotis, Lapigerias, Azaleas, Orchids, Keutias, and other Palms ; 2000 Stove Plants, in- cluding Crotons, Authuriums, Draca-nas, Hoyas, Ixoras, Alla- mandas, &e. ; 4000 Greeuhonse Plants, consisting of Lapagerias, Rhododendrons, Roses, Aralias, Begonias, Ericas, and numerous others; 600 Orchids, including Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Ccelogynes, Cymbidiuins, Dendrobiums, Odootoglossums, Liclias, Vandas, and others; 2000 Show and Regal Pelargo- niums, 3000 Exotic and Hardy Ferns, 1500 choice Carnations, Picotees, and 10,000 Herbaceous Alpine Rock and Bedding Plants. N.B.-The NURSERY to be LET or SOLD on very advan- tageous terms. Particulars forwarded on application to the Auctioneers. May be viewed any day prior to the Sale. Catalogues may be had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, Land Agents, and Valuers, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London, E.C. Wednesday Next. CARNATIONS and PICOTEES. about 800 named varieties, from •>. well-known grower ; Crimson CLOVES, a choice assortment of FERNS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, named RHODODENDRONS with Buds, VINES, an assortment of various LILIES and hardy BULBS, LAT- TICE WOODWORK, &c. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL the above by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, May 7, at half-past 12 o'clock. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. ESTABLISHED ami SEMI-ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. A further portion of the stock of Messrs. J. W. Steel & Co., of Chigwell, who are relinquishing their business, without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside. London, E.C. on FRIDAY NEXT. May 9, at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve, a large quantity of various ESTABLISHED and SEMI-ESTABLISHED OKOHliiS, suitable for Gentlemen forming collections; and a lvr,re number of ORCHIDS in flower, &c. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Beddington House, Croydon. The well-known COLLECTION of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, FERNS, and PALMS, which have been so successfully shown, having taken numerous First-class Prizes. By order of Canon Bridges. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are favoured with instructions to SELL the above by AUCTION, on the Premises, Beddington House, Croydon, ten minutes' walk from Waddon Station, L. B. and S. C. Railway, on THURSDAY, May 22. Fuller particulars will appear next week. Catalogues may be had of Mr. PENFOLD, the Gardener, on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Castle Gardens, Warwick. Valuable and exceedingly choice COLLECTION of named ORCHIDS, STOVE, and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, FERNS, and MOSSES, FLOWERING, FOLIAGE, and BEDDING OUT PLANTS, ate. MESSRS. JOHN MARGETTS and SON will SELL by AUCTION, in the Castle Gardens, War- wick, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, May 7 and 8, 1890, by direction of the Right Hon. the Earl of Warwick, 10 000 extra choice STOVE, GREENHOUSE. FLOWERING and FOLIAGE, FERNS, MOSSES, and BEDDING-OUT PLANTS, comprising grand specimens of Chrysanthemums, Azaleas, Camellias, Agapanthus umbellatum. Aspidistra, Cytisus, Cyclamen, Aloysia, Erythrina, Fuchsia, Abutilon, Clianthus, Callicarpa, Choysia, Heaths, Deutzia, Epucris, Eulalia, Eupatorium, Farfugium, Calla, Gladioli, Habrothnm- nus Newelli, Rhynchospermum jasniinoides. Hydrangea, Imantophyllurn, Kalosanthes, Lilium, Lagerstroemia alba, Myrtus, Rhododendron; Figs in pots (grand specimens for forcing) ; the expensive and noble collection of upwards of 200 Orchids, finest named and best varieties, including many rare and scarce specimens, the whole of grand growth, free flowering, fine variety, and large size, many of them being from 2 to 3 feet through ; the unique collection of Stove Plants, Acalypha musaica, Amaryllis, Alocasia metallica, Gloxinia, Anthurium maguificum, Bougainvillea, Caladium, Pandanus Veitchii, Pancratium, Jasminum, Ixora. Hoya. Justicia, Maranta, Palm, Fittonia, Gardenia. Graccena, Hibiscus rosa, Stephanotis, Taberna-montana, Poinsett-as. Roses in pots, Cactus. &c. ; 600 Chrysanthemums, Japanese, Incurved, Rerlexed, Anemone; superb assortment of Ferns and Mosses, Adiantum, Asplenium, Blechnum, Davatlia, Gymnogramma, Lastrea, Lomaria, Lygodium, Nephrodium, Kephrolepis, Ph'ebodium, Platzcerium, Petris, Woodvsrdia, Selaginella. All the large collection of Bedding Plants, Geraniums, &c, in great variety — Marshal MacMahon, Mrs. Perry, Mrs. Pollock, Crystal Palace Gem, Madame Crouse, Jeanne d'Arc, La Rosicre, White Vesuvius, Manglesii. Corsair, Duke of Edinburgh, Henry Jacoby, Queen of the Belgians. Gem, Lady Plymouth, and other scented varieties and speci- mens. Dahlias, Lobelia, &c, fully described in Catalogues Sale will commence each day punctually at 11 o'clock in the forenoon. May be viewed on Tuesday, May 6, between the hours of 11 and 4 o'clock, by Ticket, to be obtained at the Office of the Auctioneers, 12, High Street, Warwick, or at the Estate Offices. Catalogues may be obtained at the Offices of the Auctioneers. Thursday, May 15. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD. MR. J. C. STEVENS begs to announce that his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD will take place at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C., on THURSDAY. May 15. at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, and he will be glad if Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR" THIS SALE will please SEND LISTS NOT LATER THAN THURSDAY NEXT. Barnes Common and Mortlake, Surrey. By Order of the Executorsof the late Mr. William Clifford. Senr. To Cowkeepers, Daiiymen, Market Gardeners, Salesmen, Dealers, and Others, MR. WOODS begs to announce that he has been instructed to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, Rose Acre Dairy. Barnes Common. Surrey, on TUESDAY, May 6. 1890, at 1 for 2 o'clock precis lv, the WELL-KNOWN HEALTHY STOCK of 7 Cows and a Calf, the Dairy Utensils, Head Collars, Chains, Tubs, Chestnut Mare. Black Mare. Harness, Boxes, Baskets, Ladders, Spring Market Van, Wash Cart. Liquid Manure Cart, Ditto Light Cart, Corn Bins, about 20 Head of Poultry, Erection of Sheds, and Outdoor Effects, also a small quantity of Furniture, Pianoforte, and other Domestic Items. Previous to the Sale of the above will be offered for competi- tion, the BENEFICIAL INTEREST and GOODWILL of the DAIRY BUSINESS and FOLLOWING HOLDINGS, in Lots, viz., the Homesiead, known as Rose Acre Dairy, Barnes Common, comprising a comfortable Detached Residence, Dairy Premises, and miniature Market Garden, about 1 a, 1 r. 13 p. ; Collin's Field or Jews' Close, and Penson's Piece, 7 a. 0 r. 2! p. ; Cambridge, Palewell or Tittlebury Hill, part of Sir Knight Bruce's Cemetery Field, Popham's, &c, about f> a. 2 r. 5 p. : total, 14 a. 0 r. 0 p. The Stock, Crop. &c. will have to be taken at a valuation in the usual way. At the same time will be offered this year's SUPERB CROP of ASPARAGUS, in well matured Beds, at Popham's, Mortlake, Surrey, which on date of Sale will b; ripe for Marketing, and can be Cut till July 1, 189). May be viewed morning of Sale, and Catalogues and Par- ticulars obtained on the Premises; of F. SENIOR. Esq., Solicitor, Richmond, Surrey; or of Mr. WOODS, Auctioneer and Valuer, Hounslow, Middlesex. To Greengrocers, Fishmongers Florists, Market Gardeners, Seedsmen, and others. TO RE DISPOSED OF, by Private Treaty, oneof the l»'-t GREENGROCER'S, FISHMONGER'S, and FLORIST'S BUSINESS, in one of the principal thoroughfares of the city of Manchester. Returns over £l0.000 per annum. To anyone of push and energy, a rare opportunity presents itself. Present owner giving up in consequence of going into the wholesale exclusively. For further particulars apply to C. W. PROVIS ant CO., 4, Chapel Walks, Manchester. To Florists and others. FOR SALE, with immediate possession, Long LEASEHOLD PREMISES and GOODWILL. Capital House, eight rooms, fitted Bath. &c. ; three large Span-roof Glass Houses, with improved Heating Apparatus, Cold Frames, Potting Shed. &c, all in excellent order; long frontage to main road. Rapidly increasing suburb, with opportunities for unlimited trade, present owner retiring Stock optional. Terms of Messrs. JOSHUA BAKF.R ash SON, 106, High Road, Kilburn, N.W., and 13, Poultry, EC. To Nurserymen and Florists.— London, W. TO BE SOLD, a First-class NURSERY, within 7 miles of Covent Garden, comprising about 1 acre of Land, with two Cottages and eight large Green- houses thereon, all well stocked, and heated with hot-water. I^*ase 15 years. Terms moderate. For particulars apply to W. E„ 130, Percy Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. rrO BE SOLD, a NURSERY containing ten J- HOUSES all well Stocked, and Heated with Hot-water. With GARDEN GROUND if required. For particulars, apply, SILVER HALL NURSERY. Isleworth. "VTURSERY FOR SALE, near London. Well -L 1 Stocked. Going concern. In thorough working order. Replete with best Heating Apparatus. A fortune for a prac- tical man with about £300. Apply. GIBUS, Australian Hotel, Langham Street, London. T^OR SALeTcOURT FLORISTS' BUSINESS r (under management). Aristocratic suburb, good trade, long lease, suitable for Lady or Gentleman. Address, FLORIST, Heywood & Co., Ltd., Advertisement Contractors, 62 and 61. Ludgate Hill, E.C T7LORIST and FRUITERER. — Compact JT little SHOP on a suburban rail, station. W., taking now under management £10, has taken £100 weekly. Price all at £100. R. A., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. Crown Lands, Eltham Nursery, Kent. TO BE LET, from Michaelmas next, about 35 acres of valuable LAND, in the town of Eltham, a, a Nurserv or Market Garden. For particulars, apply to Messrs. CLUTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, London, S.W. TNEXPENSIVE yet ATTRACTIVE GAR- -L DEN and GROUNDS of 2 or 3J Acres (one man only required!, TO BE LET. Capital moderate-sized house; stabling. Cow and Greenhouses. In Kent. 28 mimites by train from Cannon Street. Rent. £130. Drawing-room. 36 by 21 feet ; Billiard-room, good Dining-room, &c. Inspected by Messrs. DEBENHAM, TEWSON, AND CO., 80, Cheapside, who can give all details. Inexpensive House, and really good Grounds, quite different in appearance to the narrow strip gardens fouud in connection with builders' houses. TO LET, a well-established NURSERY, about 12 acres in exteat, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city. — Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. Fifty Nurseries, Market Gardens, Florist and Seed BUSINESSES to be DISPOSED OF. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS' HORTICULTURAL REGISTER contains full parti- culars of the above, and can be obtained, gratis, at 67 and 68, Cheapside. London. E.C. ORCHI DS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN). Limited, Have just received large importations of Orchids from Mexico Brazil, lodia, and other countries. The Co. have also an immense stock of Established Oichids, all of which they offer at extremely reasonable prices. Catalogues, with full particulars, post-free, on application to the Co., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. THE BEST PRIMULA.-CARTERS' HOL- -l BORN PRIZE MIXED.— Vide Awards. New seed. In sealed packets, price 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6d. per packet, post-free. THE BEST CINERARIA.— CARTERS' JL BRILLIANT PRIZE MIXED.- Vide Awards. In sealed packets, price 2s. 6u\ and 3s. uu\ per packet, post-free. THE BEST CALCEOLARIA.— CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE MIXED.— Vide Awards. In sealed packets, price 2s. 6 for 2s. 6d. 4 ii Coleus —tn charming variety 6 for 2s. 3 Chrysanthemums. -Strong rooted cuttings from our tine collection of Japanese and Incurved varieties, to mine perlOO, ISt. 2 ,. Extra choice sorts, to uanie ... per 100, 21s. 3 .. Six superb new Japanese, including .Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, is. 6J. Cyclamen persleum giganteum.-strong mixed filing |,iil. ,6d. Dahlias, Show and Fancy. A grand collect including all the choicest sorts, 6 for ft. M . I 8 .. Cactus-flowered. A splendid assortment, B for 2s- r.7. 4 6 ^uarcti, the true Cactus, brilliant scarlet, line each, 8d I 6 ,. ,. Constance, pure white each. M. 7 ti .. .. Empress of India, dark maroon crimson, rat each, M. g ,i .. .. t superb new varieties of 1889, lot each. 4 4 .. Single-flowered. All the newest and most beautiful sorts, our selection ... 6 for 2s. tW. 4 ti .. Pompon.— A splendid collection 6 for 2s. 3 6 Fuchsias.— Single and Double-flowered. All the most beautiful sorts. stroop voting plants front single pots, to name ... KforSt. 3 8 ■ • Bxtrachoi in, to name ... B for 2s. Ad. 1 6 .. Four superb ns* ra ielies, including Countess of Aberdeen. .',,-. oa\ MUSk. Harrisons (I, .nil. floe ach. id. 3 6 Marguerites. 01 iriety, ii for - .. Clolh of Cold, verv large, beauliful gotilrn- '• flowers ... each, 'Mi. ; :i for 2s. ; ii Pelargoniums. All autumn-struck, well i - ngle pots: — .. Single flowered Zonal, from our magnifi- ed!' - : ,,k. ihe new. st and • I for 2s. 6o*. 4 6 ,, Extra choice and new varieties, to name SforSi. 6rf. rt ii .. Six superb , 1889 (F rei I, I I .. Double-flowered Zonal. A. splendid claai of night) improved i ariettas, I ins nun.' I '"ii (I for 2s. tW. 4 B eties Bfor.'lt. at. ii ii .. Sis superb new varieties of 1889, U. td. .. Double-flowered Ivy-leaved. A magnifi- ceiil I.--- Splendid for puis. lunging baskets, rases, or for bedding out. Fine I Tl. ' ,',/. | ,, .. Extra rho rt». to name ...nfor.is orf. B i) .. Three im w rarletiesof 1889, 4s. Pentstemons. -\ beautiful selection, in strong, ■ plants b (..r . ; 8 Phlcxe9, Herbaceous mi the mosl charming I irli til • - iW. 4 B Petunias. Douhla Fringed, in beautiful variety. lid for pots a for :iv • Begonias, Tuberous-rooted. Single.- Immen»e flowers, and iii the most beautiful variety, Btrong flowering dormant i r*. Splendid (or 1'ols per (00, iOl. il II .. Double-flowered, splendid varieties « o i Order to DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. P,l IRRAN'9 LOVELY TEA ROSES, best sorts uliuiihmu in pots, I8i. per dozen ; stronger for forcing, 00. and Its. lid. each. For new and beautiful - List. free. 'i.inuiN. Oldneld Nurseries, Altdncturm ami Manchester. pUTBTJSH'S MILL V^ TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too "ell known to require descrfp. tion. Price 8s. per bushel (Is. extra p.-r bushel for package), or tf,i. per cake ; free by parcel post, is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions en. losed.withourgignatureattached. 97M, CUT HUSH 1ND SON, ■ymen and Heed afeiehants, hgale N s, New Fern. ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS var. QKANDK, T. M. -The late Mr. T. Mount;, in Ins description ol the above, says:— ''It is the fj i and mosl noble of all the varieties ol this ►! iesof Maidenhair." Strong plants, lit for 48's, now sent out at 12s, per dozen. Remittance from un known correspondents. I'm king free for canh with order.— T, JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by special appointment to H.K.H. the Prince of Wales), Dersiiighum, King's Lynn, Norfolk. lei in 0 in 10 10 10 o 10 III II 10 10 0 10 111 0 10 in o 5 5 0 10 0 1 1 0 1 0 ... 1 0 1 . 0 1 1 ii ii i ii ROYAL CALEDONIAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GREAT INTERNATIONAL SHOW will be held in the Waverley Market, Edinburgh, SEPTEMBER, 1801, when PRIZES of ONE THOUSAND POUNDS will be offered. Special Prizes will be received up to June 1, 1890, when the Prize List will be sent out. SUBSCRIPTIONS ALREADY INTIMATED :- WILLIAM THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords ...£.'0 0 0 DICKSONS asp CO., 1. Waterloo Place. Kdinl.urgh 111 1 " " JAMES GRIEVE, Waterloo Hotel, Edinburgh M'KENZIE ssii MONCUR. Upper Grove Pis Edinburgh .! IRELAND ami THOMSON. Edinburgh .'.'.' JAMES DICKSON am. SONS, Edinburgh ... THOMAS METHVEN AM) SONS Edinburgh R. B. LAIRD AM) SUNS. Edinburgh LITTLE AM) HALLANTYNE. Carli-le JOHN PnUNlK. 141. Princes Street, Edinburgh ANGUS M'LEOD, Superintendent Public Parks ;i Hardens, Edinburgh. DOlllE AM) CO., Soe.l-inen. liothsay STUART on MEIN. 1'he Nurseries' Kelso Mr. UKOWN. Hardener. Oosford Mr. CAMi'KELL, The Nurseries, Blantyro Mr. D. ROBERTSON. Helensburgh Mr. BRYDON. Tin K.mk ... Mr. McINTYRE, The Glen Mr. PRIEST, Gardener. Eglinton Custie Mr. GORDON. Gardener, Niddrie Mr. McKINNON, Scone Palace... Mr. SMITH, Gardener, Hopctoun House Mr. MURRAY, t'ul/ean Caslle ... CANNELL IM. SOM, Swanlev. Kent Mr. KBTHVEN. lllvlhwood Mr. MORRISON. Archerliel.l .. Mr. It. DICKSON, Belmont, Belfast ... Mr. MoDJDOE, Mutton Hull Mr. HUNTER, Lambton Mr. SHARP, Kreeland .. Mr, .IIMKS IIHYSON. Ilel Inrgh '.'.'. Mr. SMITH. Cull™ Garden Mr. McKINNON, Melville Castle Mr. I'DITER. Sencliff Mr. Lt'NT. Ardgowan ... Mr. BOYD, Call. ml, r ... Mr. GBASSART, "-.-. ild Hou>e. Edinburgh.'" Mr. DUNN. Palace Garden. Dalkeith ■ ■ 1- ■ ■ I : ■ : 1 II M VKH IM.CI).. .Maidstone Kent Mr. ERSKINE, 81, George Street, Edinburgh »'../. VOUNQ, 18, H~„ erley Market, Edinburgh. GEXEi: \L BELGIAN FIORTXGULTURAL AGENCY. DE HERDT am. SIKKCKKR. Antwerp. Telegrams "Sihioki r, Intwerp " Planl houses for >| la] cultivation o( seedling palms hi si,. r. |.,ls. -nil, iled at Meirell.eke (near Ghent). Helgiuin PR. I'll METER, Mamiir.T. Trado Offer. ARECA BAUERL Mr! per 100. ii CESOENS. IBs. ad. pes 100. ,. SAPIDA, 7». M. per 100. en v.M.Kitiii's FORTUNE!, 38i. per j COCOS W E -I.I \N\, iL'v. per un. GOBI I'll v 11 STRALIS, 38) per IO00 I I I I'lll'K ED II. IS. .1,1,. ,.,., 100. GKONOM v GRVCH.IS. 37a, «,;. p,.r i,,u. KENTIA BtLMOREANA, 30l per 100 .. PORSTER1 INA, 30«. per 100 ., (IN 1 1- It It I KY tNA. CD,, per Inn. LA I'tM t IIORIIIIN1CA, .'Ills, per 1000. PIHENIX CANAR1ENSIS. Is., per moo. „ REOLINATA, 37s. id. per n .. TENUIS, 1K«. per I0W. I'TYCHOSI'EKMA ALEXANDRJE, S«. ii,f. per loO BBAFOBTHIA EI.EGANS, M. per loo. Samples are only senl per dbten at the wholesale price. D\\\A I'AKCKLs i;xn;i«;ss SKKV1CE to.Cbe CONTINENT, vid Quwm.boroughi Flusliing, Kal- ilfiikirt'li.'ii. Thii Parcels Service, in direct connec^ipn wilh , the Ger- man tnd Aiutro-Hungarjan Poets. fB*pepiaJlyadapte4fcrthio rapid and regular deepatcb <>f PJanjfcs, Ituilti, Sen. Noper^iflcate i ,r (MTiiifiny. TnnfN friM'on application, GooUa also accepted for ConTeyance by I'ttitiund Graruft Vitesse. BEST. BYLKY ASiiCii,, y"s, Hi.lK.ps^att; Street, Loudon, EC. ReceivinK Office at Holborn Vimluct Station, HI IRRAN'S GEMS of the GREENHOUSE UI_IlM.HH U llIl(, BXOVE. .plendi.l collection of really finest kinds for bloom ami folittge. I'linrratiuniH bemitiful spider like flowers, »'s. 6r guowingo_+9_.eai;h.l Camelljas, all our own working, much superior to foreign, plant*, 2s. each. Puw-iMoraB, in variety, K*( aud \s. Qd. each ; ti beautiful sorts, 7s. Qd, CLlBRAN.Oldfield Nurseries, Allrinoham am] Mauchosler. 540 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. PI IRRAN <\ 10,000 FUCHSIAS. Best varieties ULIDnHn O ;u existence — inferior sorts carefully weeded out. 12 vars.. 3s. id.; 25 vars, 6s.; 50 vars., 12s. id. CLIBRA.N". i lldtield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. TTORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' J? FLOWERS for 1890— (116 pages), Is the Largest. Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Florists' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour. Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mass of other useful information indispensable to all who would excel in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the hands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN* FORBES. Nurseryman. Hawick. Scotland. BEGONIAS~a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Evidence of quality. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Single or Double varieties. Is.. 2s. id., and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. id. ; 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to 42s. per doz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per dozen : Bedding, choicest. (3s. to 9s. per dozen ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per dozen ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per dozen ; choic st Mixed, 18s. per dozen. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING axd SONS. Begonia Growers, Forest Hill, S.E. E AV REGAL PELARGONIUMS, PRINCE HENRI* and PRINCESS BEATRICE. Fkedk. Perkins has great pleasure in offering the above New Pelargoniums, being very distinct from any yet sent out, quite new in colour, robust habits, and perpetual bloomers. Can be seen at my Nursery, or Flowers sent by post on appli- cation. Strong flowering plants now ready, Is. id. each. FREDK. PERKINS, Nurseryman, Leanvngton. Sufficient Telegraph Address.-FRED. PERKINS. Leamington. OTATOS " Bedfordshire-grown " POTATOS. Highly recommended to all "who require change of seed." Special cash offer :— Myatt's Prolific Ashleaf, Sutton's Abundance, Beauty of Hebron, New Early Monarch, School- master, Sutton's Early Regents, White Elephants, Reading Russets. Early Rose, Imperators (large), and Vicar of Laleham, all at £3 10s. per ton, 4s. 6d. per cwt. Magnum Bonum, " Sutton's," 50s. per ton, 3s. per cwt. Free delivery on to rail (Great Northern Railway). Bags included for cash with orders. —FREDK. GEE. Riverford House. Biggleswade. Bedfordshire. (Please name Gardeners' Chronicle when ordering.) ARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, free.— Full of useful information. SELECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS, 12s. id., 21s., 31s. id., 42s., 63s. and upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS, 2s. id., 3s. id., 5s. id., 7s. id.. 10s. 6rf..l5s.,21s., and upwards. GLADIOLI. TUBEROSES, HYACINTHUS CANDICANS. TIGRIDIAS, ANEMONE FULGENS. &c. for Spring Planting. Descriptive LIST free on application. BARR AND SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. Cheap Bedding Plants.- Special Offer. WILLIAM BADMAN offers as under from Store-pots, all well-roo ed, and fit for present potting. The present is a good time for making up losses sustained during the winter. VERBENAS, Purple, White, Scarlet, Crimson, Rose, 6s. per 100. 50s. per 1000 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per 100. LOBEI.IABluestoue, putnila magnifica, true, from Cuttings, 3s. per 100. 21s. per 1000; Brighton Blue, tine, 3s. per 100, 21s. per 1000. CALCEOLARIA Golden Gem. 6s. per 100, 60s. per 1000; Camden Hero, fine dark, 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE Jaun d'Amour. Miss Nightingale, dark, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. AGERATUM Imperial Dwarf, blue, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. COLEUS VERSUHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 8s. per 100, 75s. per 1000. IRESLNE LINDENI, dark crimson, good bedder, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. PELARGONIUM Vesuvius, finest bedding scarlet, 8s. per 100, 75s. per 1000; Master Christine. 12s. per 100; Mrs. Levers and Jenny Dodds, fine pink, 10s. per 100 ; Henry Jacoby, beat crimson, 12s. per 100; Madame Vaucher, white, 12s. per 100 ; Queen of Belgians, finest white, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100; Niphetos, bedding white, 12s. per 100; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, Jean Sisley, and White Vesu- vius, 10s. per 100. SILVER VAJUEGATED May Queen (Turner's), Princess Alexandra, Flower of Spring, 12s. per 100 ; Little Trot, dwarf, 12s. per 100; Prince Silverwings, 12s. per 100; Lady Plymouth. 10s. per 100. GOLD LEAF Crystal Palace Gem, 12s. per 100; Happy Thought. 12s. per 100. BRON-ZE McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, the best bedders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR Mrs. Pollock. 15s. per 100 ; Sophie Dumaresque, Lady Cullum, Sir R. Napier, 18s. per 100. DOUBLES, F. V. Raspail. fine scarlet ; M. Thibaut, pink ; M. Baltet, best white. 12s. per 100. TROP.EOLUM Vesuvius, 10s. per 100 ; Mrs. Ellis, best dwarf scarlet, 10s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in twelve good named sorts. 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, from single pots, good, 2 's. per 100, 3s. per dozen. Note. — Not fewer than twenty-five of any one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms, cash. Cemetery Nurseries, Graveseud, S.E. PALMS EXTRA LARGE for Winter Gardens, &c. 25 SEAFORTHIA ELEGANS, 10 ARECA LUTEA and A. BAUERLT, 10 KENTIA BELMOREANA, 10 „ FOSTERIANA, 30 COCOS FLEXUOSA and PLUMOSA, &c. Also a very fine selection of the above varieties from 6 to 10 feet high, in the most perfect condition for decorative purposes. W. ICETON, Putney Park Lane, S.W. From 12 to 20 feet high, with many leaves. SOW IN MAY. SUTTON'S SUPERB CINERARIA Mr. T. DAVIES, Gardener to Jas. Buokley, Esq , says :— " The Cinerarias are the finest I have ever seen , the colours and size of the blossoms unequalled. Price of Seed, 2 6 & 5 - per packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS GENUINE ONLY FROM SUTTON & SONS,READINC. CHEAP BEDDING PLANTS, All Strong and Healthy. GERANIUMS, from single pots, autumn-struck :— „ Vesuvius, Sis'ey, Christine, Madame Voucher, 2s. id. per doz., 14s. per 100. „ Henry Jacobv, Happy Thought, Bronze Perilla, Silver-leaf, 3s. per doz . 16s. per 100. ,, Ivy-leaf, double and single, to name, sweet-scented Oak- leaf, as. ]ier doz.. 16s. per 100. VERBENAS, purple, striped, pink, crimson, scarlet, white. Is. \"t. per doz., 12s. per 100. CALCEOLARIAS, Golden Gem, 2s. per doz., 15s. per 1i«i , Amplexieaults, handsome lemon, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. LOBELIAS. Emperor William (the best blue), from cuttings, 2s. id. per 100. 20s. per 1000. AGERATUM, dwarf blue. 5s. per 100, 35s. per 1000. MARGUERITES, yellow, large white, small white, 10s. per 100. MIMULUS, Queen's Prize, splendid mixed colours, 2s. per doz., 10s. per 100. PYRETHRl'M, Selagcnoides (new Golden Feather), 2s. per 100, 20s. per 1O00. PETUNIAS, splendid striped and fringel, single, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. „ beautiful double mixed, 8s. per 100, 60s. per 1000. HELIOTROPE. Miss Nightingale (dark), 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. PINK, Mrs. Sinkins, large plants, from single pots, 3s. per doz. ., Dianthus DeleLata, „ ,, ,, 3s. per doz. CLOVE, old crimson ,, ,, ,, 3s. per doz. CARNATION, finest. Doubles, mixed „ „ 3s. per doz. DAHLIAS, Single, named, all shades of brilliant colours, from single pots, 2s. id. per d..z., 18s. per 100. ,, Doubles, best named, Show, Fancy, and Pompones, from single pots, 2s. id. per doz., 18s. per 100. CACTUS DAHLIAS, Jaurezii, Constance, Fire King, and others, 4s. per doz. PANSIES, Show and Fancy, splendid mixed, " from cuttings," 8s. per 100. PYRETHRl'M (Herbaceous), Double and Single to name, from single pots, 4s. per doz. PHLOX (Herbaceous), mixed colours, 4s. per doz CHRYSANTHEMUM, selection of finest named Show varieties, from single pots, 2s. id. per doz., 18s. per 100. PAPAVIA, Nudicaule (beautiful Icelaud Poppy), white and orange, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. „ "The Shirley," splendid showy variety, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. CASH, Package Free. Extra plants to cover carriage. CATALOGUE Gratis. H. I. HARDY, F.R.H.S., STOUR VALLEY NURSERIES, BTXRES, SUFFOLK. New Conifer Seeds. HURST and SON have just to hand from the Himalayas, NEW SEED of the following, and will quote very low prices and send samples on application ;— CEDRUS DEODARA. PINUS EXCELSA. CUPRESSUS TORULOSA. Seed Warehouse, 152, Houndsditch, London. E. GRAND NEW COLEUS, •• DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. id. each (ready in May). Postand package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. PI IRRAN'Q^3pLENDII) PALMS and FERNS, ULIDnMn O &,.. Beautiful Palms for growing on, 6s. and 9s. per dozen; larger for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30i. per dozen. Asparagus, splendid for cutting, stands well in rooms— A. plumosu9, plumosus nanus, tenisissimus, and virgatus, 2s. id., 3s. id., and 5s. each. Maidenhair Ferns, small pots, 6s. per dozen ; large, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. The lovely Adiantum Farleyense, splendid fronds from 2s. each. 12 fine distinct Ferns for greenhouse, 9s. and 12s. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. BEDDING GERANIUMS for Sale, Henr Jacoby, 200; Vesuvius. 500; Bonfire. 50; Tom Thumb 150; Mrs. A.Mills, 400; Wonderful, 150; Bijou, 250; Walt* ham Seedling, 50. All good strong plants in 60-pots. Fur particulars applv to W. WINMAN, Hickleton Gardens. Doncaster. *%0 OfiO GREEN EUONYMUS, OTlUW all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, 15s. to £10 per 100, free on rail. J. J. CLARK. Goldstone Farm. Brighton. " Now Is the Time to Plant Trees." ROBERT NEAL begs to call the attention of Gentlemen, Local Boards, Builders, and others who intend planting this season, to his large and varied stock of Shrubs, Standard, Ornamental, and FOREST TREES, FRUIT TREES, ROSES, CLIMBING PLANTS, tic, which, being well transplanted, are in fine condition for removal, and having been grown in the vicinity of London, are especially adapted for town and street plantings. Special quotations for large quantities, delivery free within a radius of six miles of the nursery. Inspection of the Stock solicited. CATA- LOGUES free on application. Also to offer extra fine forcing SEAKALE and RHUBARB. The Nurseries. Trinity Road. Wandsworth Common. rPROP.EOLUM SPECIOSUM.— Hardy scarlet •L Climber, strong Plants established in pots. Is. 3d. each, 12s. per dozen; free bv post or pa-v-eng--r train. HOWDEN and CO., The Nu TO ORCHID GROWERS.— SPHAGNUM MOSS, fresh and clean, 5s. per sack. Collected as ordered. G. CARRADICE, Monument Place, Kendal. Sterling Value. HARTLAND'S "APRIL QUEEN" BROCCOLI, sealed Packets, Is. M., for purity, weight, and quality not to be equalled. %* Year Book of " Rare Seeds" for 1890. A few (partly reserved) Copies are now dis- posable, post-free. Everyone seems to want this in conjunction with my " Illustrated Book of Daffodils." I shall be lifting the Daffodil crop the end of May, particularly " Ard-Righ," to fill Colonial Orders, and shall be happv to quote market growers. IST His New Doub'e Quilled Perennial SUNFLOWER •• Soleil d'Or ; " plants. Is. 3d., post-free.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Warehouse, 24. Patrick Street, Cork. MARK. FOR PLANTS. QUICK. CASTING. ECONOMICAL. This is a Plant Food of great excellence, carefully prepared with the view of supplying a manure which s-hall contain all the elements necessary for the Perfection of Plant Life, and at the same time be QUICK IN ACTION, LASTING, AND ECONOMICAL. The ingredients have been so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, permanent benefit is secured by a continuance of nourishment to the plant. It is safe in use, and suitable for every purpose where a manure is required. Sold by Seedsmen, Florists, and Nurserymen, in fid, and IB. Packets, and SEALED BAGS.— 71b. 14 1b. 281b. 561b. 1121b. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Bag, and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the mouth of each Bag. A Sample Packet will be sent post-free, on receipt of 1*. by the Manufacturer— S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH ANV OTHER FIRM. SLUGS. — Save your Garden Produce by using " Lenos,"5s. per gallon, Diffuser included. LIQUID MANURE ESSENCE, Inodorous, for Greenhouse and Garden, bs. per gallon— will make from 50 to luO gallons. ARTIFICIAL MANURE, without Smell, will produce grand blossoms, unsurpassed for Fruit and Vegetables, 112 lb., 20s. ; 56 lb., lis. ; 28 lb., 6s. ANTI-MILDEW, 10s. per gallon. PLANT FUMIGATOR, combining Meat or Fish Smoker, Disinfector, or Domestic Safe, 4 feet 6 in. high, 27s. id. ; 6 feet, 35s. G. C. BROOKES & CO., 7 2, LEADENHALL STREET. E.C. Mat 3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 541 SILVER SAND and PEAT.— The best selected Sorts for Sale in anv quantities. Loose in railwav trucks or in bags crate*, or barrels for export.— Apply to W. SHORT, Horticultural Depot, Midhurst, Sussex. Established 1862. ORCHID PEAT, best quality; BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO- DODENDRON and AZALEA PEAT. Samples and Prices to WALKER AND CO., FaraborouKh, Hants. R. B. LAIRD & SONS' CHOICE FLORISTS' FLOWERS. Our Catalogue for 1890, is notu issued, and will he forwarded on application. It includes all the most desirable New Varieties, as well as the older and thoroughly established kinds. Our Collection of PANSIES, VIOLAS, BEGONIAS, HOLLYHOCKS, DAHLIAS, ANTIRRHINUMS, PENTSTEMONS. CARNATIONS, PETUNIAS, PELARGONIUMS, &c, &c, is unsurpassed. ROYAL W1NTERJARDENS, EDINBURGH, BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ""T^ VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for POULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. g^* VERY CHOICE ORCHID SPECIALLY PREPARED. PEAT 12s. per Cask. ALL RICH BROWN FIBRE. BEST HARDWOOD, for Stove Plants, Selected Turves, 8s. cask ; for Ferns and General Use, from 5s. cask. SPLENDID LOAM, Yellow, Fibrous, in trucks, 16». per tou. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Fresh Picked, 2*. 6rf.'bush. ; 7s. id. sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE, 10 sks., 8/6; 20 sks., 15*. LEAF and PEAT MOULD, Is. bushel. SUPERIOR (Selected) TOBACCO PAPER, CORK MATS, and all other Sundries. fend for W. WOOD & SON'S List of Specialties. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., WOOD GREEN. Est IBX.ISH! i> 1850, ,ONDON, N. NORMAL FERTILISER Price :— ' For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. 7 lb. 14 lb. 28 lb. 56 lb. 1 cwt. t. 8>. id. 5s. id. 9s. 14s. And in id. and Is. packets. To be had of Seedsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY. Ltd., 121, Mishopsgate Street Within, E.C.. and Farnham Road, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wholesal.- of Messrs. HI' HSTanii SON. 152.Hc.indsditch, London AGENTS W.WTKD AGENTS WANTED. BROWN FIBROUS PEAT for ORCHIDS, Sls.Orf. per Ton, or 126s. pet Truck ol Itons; Bag . .'.>. eai i) : 10 Bags, 45s. BROW ' I BLAI K I [BROl 9 n IT. IBs. per Ton. or £5 per Truck of I tons; Bags, - i u h 10 Bap . i . . PEAT, for forming Rhododendron, Bog, and American Plant Tteiis. 2is. per iuii.ur li is. per Truck of 4 tuns. THOMAS WALKER, Tekels, Camberley, Surrey. fa..,W^,.,.,., EBagaa^jj^f'Jijfe >., HORTICULTURAL ENGINEERS, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, LONDON. S.W. 542 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. THE PATENT "EXCELSIOR" LAWN MOWER. The First Prise Hirer Medal, Paris The Special Diploma of Merit, Glasgow Two First Prises, Liverpool fopen to all the Exhibition, 1889. Exhibition, 1888. World) Trials, 1886. The Highest Prize at Pari3. Why use the clumsy old-fashioned machines, and work yourself to death, when by luing the modern, scientifically constructed, labour- saving implements you can turn a tiresome task into a pleasant pastime? Fools work the hardest, wise folks use the patent The Highest Prize in England- "EXCELSIOR. 99 LOOK ON THIS PICTURE, A BOY, Aged only O3 years, Winner of more 1st Prises and Premier Awards of recent date than ALL OTHER LAWN MOWEIiS combined. Professional Gardeners prefer them because they save time and labour. Amateurs prefer them because they mxke the lawn as level as a billiird table. Ladies prefer them because they can mow the Tennis Court them- selves with ease. Children prefer them because they work S3 exceedingly e isy. 14-inch a NEW MODEL" PRICES. £1 5 0 1 14-in. 1 15 0 16-in. 2 15 0 | 18-ia. 3 5 0 | 20-in. THE PATENT tt EW MODEL" LAWN MOWER. GUARANTEED TO BE THE LIGHTEST- RUNNING MOWER IN THE WORLD. PRICES OF the PATENT EXCELSIOR. 6-ln. Machine ... £1 10 0 1 14-ln. Machine ..£526 8-ln 2 5 0 16-in. 13-in 3 5 0 18-ln. l!-ln. . 4 2 6 I 20-in. Collecting Boxes EXTRA For 6-in., 8-in , anrl in i ... price 5s. For \< 16-in., 7s. M. For lE-in., and The " New Model " is the best and most efficient Mower of its class. It has been designed principally for Amateurs, and those who do not employ a professional gardener, and is unequalled for very light draft, simple adjustment, and high quality of work. lamit .iiewi* The ' Excelsior ' is the most useful JJJJ^Tv^rr^ It is a real pleasure to use the «e " EXCELSIOR. "^J| ; fa MOWER WARSAW TED. I know the ' EXCELSIOR " 13 THE BEST. EVERT . Gardeners' Chronicle. " Well adapted for the work needed. — Gardeners Magazine. FITTINGS AND DUPLICATE WEARING PARTS. AW hold a large stock of the above, and forward any part required, by Rail or Farce! Poat, IMMEDIATELY ON RECEIPT OE ORDER— a facility afforded by no oth-r House VII Machines for Repair should be sent fc. the Company s Depot at once to secure early attention. THE LARGEST MAKERS OF LAWN MOWERS IN THE WORLD. CHADBORN & COLDWELL MFC GO , 223, UPPER THAMES STREET, LONDON, E.C. T. CLARKE, Manager. Agents in every Town. Registered Telegraphic Address: "LAWN MOWERS, LONDON. We hoM the Lare est Stock of Mowers kept by any Manufacturer in the Kingdom. Mat 3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 543 B.S.WILLIAMS;- SON THE FOLLOWING NEW PLANTS FOR 1890, which are now ready for distribution ; AMARYLLIS, Prince Albert Victor 63 - ,, President Harrison . . 42 - BOUGAINVILLEA SPECIOSA VABIEGATA 10 6 CALANTHE MYLESII . . 63 - CAMELLIAS, New Japanese, 6 varieties . . . . . . each 10 6 CARLTJDOVICA PALM-ffiFOLIA COLETJS, Lord Napier . . ELiEIS MELANOCOCCA GLOXINIA, Dorothy HIMANTOPHYLLUM, Meteor ,, Surprise IXORA ARMENIACA . . ,, SALICIFOLIA VARIEGATA SARRACENIA DECORA 21 - P - 10 6 10 6 84 - 84 - 10 6 10 6 21 - FOB DESCRIPTIONS, BEE ILLUSTRATED NEW PLANT CATALOGUE FOR 1890, THE GARDEN. IT would be greatly to the advantage and interest of all who well understand, and particularly those who take a hearty interest in participating in the enjoyment of a well-kept garden • For such to have a familiar know- ledge of our Establishment Stock LTnri- i illed natural advantages Mode of supplying Sending safely Ami cheaplj -First handed direct The best of everything re- quired To the furthermost parts of the earth Will find enormous gains In the first instance Hesse send for Catalogues, then Wtrme arid <>je&. We Supply nearly all the Royal Families and Heads in the World. HENRY CANNELL & SONS, SWANLEY, KENT. FERMS^a SPECIALITY. The finest, most varied, choice and interesting oolle Son In Til.. Hum -pecie* jnd varieties of ptove, greenhouse and ,iil n», Partially D« npt i. » ("•.it.ilo-.'ur. including com- prehensive List of useful Gardening Books, freeon j| I] ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 120 Illustrations and much valuable information on t he mil i vi t mi 1 1 if tern ^, ONESmxLiNOand Sixpence, post-free. W. & J713IRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. ORCHID EXHIBITION. One of the most beautiful sights in London. ORCHIDS.— The Orchid Ex- hibition at Mr. William Bull's Estab- lishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W., now OPEN, 10 to 6 o'Clock. Admission, 2s. dd. ORCHIDS.— A vision of love- liness unparalled in Europe. ORCHIDS.—" A scene of the greatest Orchidio beauty, baffling descrip- tion, and defying exaggeration." ORCHIDS.— The Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, KING'S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. MY NEW DAHLIA CATALOGUE N now bring Issued, and will I the bands erf my Pntront in a f>'w .lay-*; anyone not receiving *uaie shouM apply a1 once, irhon a Eraab Copy thai] be sent, it oontaina MY NOVELTIES FOR I890, whli b an quit |iuul pn • lintrodni Horn, many of which an among the most popular of the day, Bacheection [a fulls represented, and ever) go -i variety will be fun ml fulh described. I have a grand i olle tionof— CACTUS, SINGLE, POMPONE, SHOW, FANCY, and STELLATE VARIETIES. hliehcil in pot*, mnl vvil ii Mny. ThU Catalogue also i il roog plant b, e idj toi planting the lat wei italruo line collection of tin NEW LARGE-FLOWERING CANNAS, Raring ftoi in- is Gl idiolu ■-, of almosl .shade ofcolour. This Catalogue al I Li si of chrysanthemum*. Marguei itee, t'eutetemoue, single l'\ - rt'thum-*, mill many nilicr [Mipnlar groups for present planting. I have issued this season the following Descriptive I A I LLOOUES . Diuatrated Hardy Perennials, Florist Flowers, Tre** and Herbaceous Paony, Japanese and Alpine Primulas, Climbing Plants, Hardy Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Choice Flower Seeds. Any of which can still be had upon THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. Neio Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATLONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3%d. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. 'THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, ■*- Vol. VI., Third Series. JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE (gardeners' djtamide. SATURDAY, MAY 3, 1890. THE MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF HYBRIDS. AT the March meeting of the Edinburgh Botanical Society, I gave a mioroscopio demonstration of the structure of hybrid plants and of their parents; at the same time 1 made a few explanatory remarks, and I propose now to expand these into a short communication I trust that this may prove interesting to those at least of your readers who look to hybridisation as in i In- great Held of promise for experimental horticulturists, During the last few years I have studied minutely the general and microscopic structure of pitchered insectivorous plants. At an early stage in my investigations, 1 was struck by the perfect Mendings in certain well known hybrids of the appearances presented by their parents, and this not merely in habit, consistence, shape, and colour, but even in such minute details as the relative number of stomata in a given area, the size and shape of cell hairs and of the cells from which these sprung, :iinl the mode of deposition of thickening substance on their primary cell wall. The fine series of hybrid Nepenthes, raised by the late Professor Diokson and Mr. Lindsay, or presented to the Royal Botanic Garden by the Messrs. Yeiteh, formed a rich field for study, but my attention was specially arrested on examination ol a set of seventeen hybrid Sarracenias, Kindly supplied to me some months since by Mr, Moore, of (ilasnevin Garden, As one after another "i these was passed under the microscope, 1 was gradually inclined to believe that a hybrid plant, may exhibit blending of parent peculiarities in every cell. This was easily demonstrated in the case of epidermal tissues which are apparently the most plastio of all. Unwilling to trust the evidence of such highly specialised plants, I examined other hybrids belonging to various orders, as Dianthus Lind- sayii, Philageria Veitchii, Saxifraga Andrewsii and Churohillii, Eedychium Sadlerianum, and also the supposed doubtful hybrid Bryanthus erectus; these not only verified my previous 544 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. conclusions, but enabled me to exteDd them in a convincing way. I now subjoin descriptive notes of the more striking parts which may be readily examined by any one conversant with microscopic work. The first-named hybrid, Dianthus Lindsayii, is not only intermediate between Sweet William (D. bar- batus) and the pretty alpine Pink (D. alpinus) in habit and leaf-form, but if we compare the leaf- epidermis of the three, we find that in the field of view of a low-power Zeiss objective (A), Sweet William shows about 'J(X) etomata on its under epidermis, and 100 to 400 on its upper; the alpine Pink shows on its under epidermis 600 stomata, and on its upper 460 ; the hybrid shows 750 on its lower, and 290 on the upper epidermis. The epidermal cells also of the hybrid are intermediate between those of the parents. Philageria Veitchii is a remarkable cross. With a decided leaning in naked-eye and microscopic appearance to the seed-parent, Lapageria rosea, it nevertheless shows in cells of the root, stem, leaf, and flower a strong infusion of Philesia buxifolia " blood." Thus the thickened cells in the bundle- sheath of fully matured roots of the hybrid are intermediate between the greatly thickened cells of L. rosea and the slightly thickened cells of P. buxi- folia. In the stem, the epidermis, cortex tissue, bundles, and matrix-cells exhibit a similar blending; but as usual it is the leaf which presents the most pronounced union of characteristics. On surface view, the upper epidermis of L. rosea shows thin- walled, wavy cells, that of Philesia buxifolia thick and straight-walled cells ; that of the hybrid shows thicker-walled cells than the former, and approaching the latter on being nearly straight ; the lower epidermis in L. rosea consists of thin-walled, wavy cells, and amongst these are irregularly scattered stomata, whose guard-cells are fully exposed on the surface. In P. buxifolia, the epidermal cells are straight-walled, but have undulating free surfaces, and embedded deeply beneath these many stomata appear, arranged nearly in parallel rows. The hybrid, though showing a bias towards the female parent, is again intermediate. In the amount of pallisade and loose parenchyma, and the size of the chloroplasts, the same is true. I have not as yet had opportunities of examining the flowers of many hybrids, but for specimens of that just discussed, I am indebted to my friend, Mr. Dunn, of Dalkeith Palace Gardens. While the echinated pollen grains of the parents appear plump and well filled with protoplasm, those of the hybrid are shrunk and starved looking, with the exception of one here and there, which seem as if they could effect fertilisation. The same apparently holds true so far as I have examined (this includes nine hybrids and their parents), but the more nearly two parent species approach each other in habit and structure the more abundant do the potential pollen grains appear to be. Saxifraga Andrewsii is a hybrid which perfectly blends the peculiarities of the " Geum " and " Aizoon " sections of the genus. The upper epidermis of the leaf is devoid of ordinary stomata, as in S. Geum and its allies, and in this differs from S. Aizoon and the crusted Saxifrages, which all have an abundance distributed over patch-like areas. The marginal water stomata in size and colouring resemble the former, but the epidermal cells which surround them have little knob-like excrescences on which gathers the calcareous deposit which gives to the crusted Saxifrages their typical character. These are only found in the " Aizoon " group. But the mesophyll tissue and vascular supply in the leaf of the hybrid is also intermediate, for, to refer only to the last, S. Geum has the lowest water stoma on each side of the leaf margin partly supplied by two bundles which spring from the main leaf bundle near its junction with stem, partly by branches of two given off much further up ; S. Aizoon has three to five on each side, wholly supplied from the lateral pair ; in the hybrid two to three are thus supplied, The hybrid Hedychiums, in which the late Pro- fessor Dickson interested himself greatly, and which were duly described in this periodical, were next examined. I hoped that these would show in the starch granules of the rhizome cells blending of the parent conditions. I was greatly pleased to find my hopes amply realised. Selecting pieces of mature rhizome of H. coronarium, II. Gardnerianum, and the hybrid, I found that while the granules of the first were large, flat, oval plates, and those of the second small triangular shells, those of the hybrid were shaped as if half of H. coronarium granule had been fused with a reduced one of H. Gardnerianum. A study of the hybrid resulting from II. coronarium crossed by II. elatum gave like results. While treating of cell contents, I may note that by the kindness of Mr. Buchanan, and of his gar- dener, Mr. Grossart, I have been able to examine the hybrid Masdevallia Chelsoni and 'one of its parents. The purplish-red sepals of the former owe their colour to large rich yellow granules or chloroplasts present in the epidermal cells, and to vesicular hair cells springing from the epidermis, which are filled with a purple pigment. In M. Chelsoni the yellow chloroplasts are mostly one- third n one-fourth the size of those found in the ptrent already examined. I fully expect, therefore, to find the chloroplasts in the seed parent as small as, or smaller than, those in M. Chelsoni, when I have an opportunity of looking into it. For several reasons, I have given considerable attention to the Ericaceae. The beautiful Bryanthus erectus is a bigeneric hybrid of pronounced type. Totally different as are many of the tissues of the parents, these are blended in the hybrid in a singu- larly interesting manner. The relative size of the pith and of the individual pith cells, the structure of the phloem and of the outer bark, in stems of equal age, the leaf shape on transverse section, and the disposition of cells in it, also the structure of the floral parts in the hybrid, are all intermediate between the parents. Erica Watsoni (a wild cross between E. ciliaris and E. tetralix) is a very evenly balanced hybrid, but I will only refer in detail to its anther structure. In E. ciliaris the anthers have no tails, in E. tetralix tails about one-twentieth of an inch long are produced from each anther lobe, in E. Watsoni the tails are exactly half as long as in the latter. In E. tetralix each cell of the anther wall is swollen out into a short conical mamilla ; in E. ciliaris this mamilla is strongly developed, and is often constricted in the middle. Erica Watsoni has mamillse exactly intermediate in size and shape. I have carefully worked over Erica Mackayii, but will defer discussion of it for the present. The numerous crosses of Rhododendron effected by Mr. Grieve, of Messrs. Dickson's nurseries ; by Mr. Eraser, of Messrs. Methven's nurseries ; and by Mr. Lindsay, have further verified the line of inves- tigation. The cross between R. ciliatum and R. Edgworthii greatly resembles the former, but scarcely at all the latter, in naked-eye appearance ; so much is this the case, that I doubted the accuracy of the supposed parentage when I received specimens of the three from Mr. Lindsay. An examination of the leaf alone sufficed to set my doubts at rest. In the number and mode of distribution of the stomata, the structure and cell contents of the scurf-scales, the distribution and shape of the hairs, and the leaf- structure when seen on transverse section, the minute features on both parents were strongly traceable in the hybrid. R. precox and R. glauco- ciliatum, are equally deserving the attention of any who wish to follow out for themselves this line of inquiry. A comparison of the stomatic distribution in many hybrids and their parents shows how constant and regular such minute tissue-modifications may be, specially if one observes previously whether the hybrid inclines more to the pollen or the seed parent. Thus, under the field of view of No. 7, Zeiss objective, Cypripedium insigne shows 1 1 to 12 stomata, C. villosum show3 21 to 23, the hybrid 16 to 17, C. barbatum has 3 to 4, C. insigne has 11 to 12, C. Ash- burtona; (which more nearly resembles the former) has 6 to 7. Dianthus Lindsayi has already been referred to, and I may further cite Philageria Veitchii, various Saxifrages, Sempervivums, Ericas, Rhododendrons, Daphne, &c. Enough has been adduced to show that, as the result of union of the fertilising contents of the pollen-tube with the egg-cell of a plant, a new character is assumed by the egg-cell, and that as it grows and divides to form the embryo plant, every cell of that plant inherits the peculiarities of both parents at times in a perfectly balanced way, so far as our limited powers of study can carry us, at times with an evident leaning or bias to one parent. It is, therefore, evident that a wide field for observation and experimental research is open alike to the biologist and horticulturist. For the biologist, many problems bearing on heredity, on cell-history, on the relation of species to each other, on the production of hybrids [bud spots], and on the evolutionary origin of organisms, which have hitherto been greatly con- fined to the region of speculation, may thus be reduced to accurate scientific study. For the horticulturist, who has already opened the way so much, further incentives to the prosecution of hybri- disation experiments present themselves. About sixty hybrids and their parents have now been examined by me, and I hope in time to publish an account of these, and others which may reach me. May I be allowed to solicit from your wide circle of readers, specimens of such hybrids and their parents as can be spared. A bit of root, stem (rhizome, tuber, or other part, if such is deve- loped), a leaf or two, and flower, will amply suffice, or any of these will prove helpful, specially leaf and flower. It is only by comparison by a wide series of plants that such investigations can be fruitful in good results to the horticulturists. I feel sure that many will be willing to aid me in the way ind'cated. I may be allowed to express best thanks to the Direc- tors and Curators of the Kew, Glasnevin, Trinity College, and Edinburgh Botanic Gardens, as well as to several private donors, who have generously sup- plied me with material. Dr. J. Macfarlane, Botanical Laboratory, Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, New or Noteworthy Plants. ZYGOPETALUM CAULESCENS, Bolfe, n. sp* A vebt interesting and remarkable Zygopetalutn was introduced some time ago by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, I think from Brazil, but unfortunately I have mislaid the letter, which came with the original specimens. It has now passed into several collections, and specimens have been received for determination from the Rev. F. D. Horner and Mr. J. O'Brien, those from the latter having been sent by some correspondent of his. I can find nothing at all like it, and therefore propose for it the above name, in allusion to its remarkable caulescent habit. It belongs to the section Euzygopetalum. The material to hand is ample, consisting of two pseudo- bulbs, several leaves, two racemes, and several flowers, but from the app°arance of the plants I saw at St. Albans, I should say they are much weakened by their long journey. How far it will prove of value as a garden plant can better be decided when the plants are fully established, but at present the * Zygopttalum caulescent, n. 9p. — Caulescent, stems from } to 2 feet h»gh, clothed with the sheathing bases of the old leaves, rooting below. Leaves distichous, liuear-lanceolate to linear, acute, 5 to 7 inches long, but probably longer when the plant is developed. Kacemes erect, at present 6 to 8 inches long, two to three-flowered. Bracts lanceolate, acute, con- duplicate, 1J to 2 inches long. Flowers 1£ to 2 inches across. Sepals and petals lanceolate-linear, acute, very pale greeu, blotched with maroon-purple. Lip cuneate obovate. truncate or slightly emarginate, hairy, white, the radiating nerves with interrupted violet lines, from which arise stronger violet hairs; base with a pair of minute auricles; crest semicircular, fleshy, with several radiating keels and rows of violet hairs. Column elongate, hairy in front, with a pair of narrow wings on either side of the stigma. the Gardeners' Cafonicle, May 3, 1890.] FlO. t!5.— CVPRIFEDICM MOROAN.EX. (SEE P, 552.) 516 THE G A R D E NE R $ ' CHB 0 NICL E. [May 3, 1S90. fljwers are smaller than those of Z. Mackayi, and the colours less brilliant. Notwithstanding the totally diverse habit, I should think our novelty is as much allied to this species as to any other. The species of this affinity are so puzzling, that it is a relief to find one which ha? some really distinctive characteristics. E. A. Iiolfe. MULCHING FllUIT TREES, ETC. There is one matter of modern practice which gets insisted on in and out cf season, by gardeners in print and in speech, and which runs the risk of getting overdone, and that is mulching as applied to the roots of trees in our orchards and kitchen gardens. Mulching, as applied to trees newly planted, is right enough, and is a help to speedy rooting, equally applicable to the forest tree or garden shrub. Even in these cases the amount should be small, and not extend much beyond the root area, its sole object being the retention of moisture in the soil ; for if the latter becomes evaporated by hot sun and parching wind, the interstices of the soil become filled with air, which draws the moisture, or in other words the sap, out of the roots in a harmful degree, and the exhaustion of moisture from the soil is only partially replaced in the warm season by capillary attraction from below, or by uncertain rains. Before mulching became so generally advised, we were taught to rely on a crumbly surface to retain moisture in the land, and for all subjects not recently planted, I prefer it to mulching, as being better adapted to our moist climate and weak sunshine. For if mulching has its benefits, it also has the one great drawback of hindering the action of the sun in aerating and warming the earth. We look to the sun as the one source of heat wherewith plants are enabled to grow, and yet we do much by putting on masses of non-conducting material like wet straw aud Fern, and even short grass, to hinder the access of sun-heat to the soil surrounding the roots of our trees. I well remember an instance of successful Peach, Apricot, and Fig growing in a garden 300 miles north of London, where the gardener — who, by the way, had never missed a crop in the thirty years he held the situation— never employed mulching to his wall trees after the first summer following replanting. The border was of moderate depth, of lightish loam resting on basalt rock, or the overlying strata of heavy loam inclining to clay. The soil of this south border was warmed to the depth of one and a half feet, because there was no non-conducting medium spread on its surface ; growth on the trees was moderate, and it ripened satisfactorily, forming plenty of blossom buds. The surface was pricked up twice during the summer, and hoed as often as became necessary to keep down weeds ; and walking on it was by no means forbidden— and this was quite judicious, for nothing tends to good rooting, short growth, and fruitfulness like a firmly trodden soil. In wet weather only were the gardeners directed to keep to the row of rough plants, which stretched from end to end of the border. Mulching, unless it be very light indeed, has a tendency to prolong growth in the autumn, and hinder its commencement in the spring, and is wanted only in the lightest of soils, at least so far as established trees are concerned. Rosarians will tell us that exhibition blooms cannot be got without mulching, and the season of bloom would be unduly shortened without it, and yet good Roses can be obtained without its aid. The Rose grower finds it an easy way of feeding his plants, as by employing strong farm dung for the purpose he is able to do that, and needs not to go round to his pets with a potful of stinking manure-water from the piggeries or the stable, but instead thereof waters his mulching with clean water. That is entirely a matter of con- venience, and does not touch the real point of the case. He is satisfied if his Rose blooms beat those of his rivals, and, moreover, the Rose puts forth its thoots at an early part of the season, and become early matured even under this treatment ; and the Rose grower does not look for a big crop, but only a few superlatively good flowers. Here, therefore, the man who mulches does but little harm, even from my point of view. Where mulching is of the greatest use, and does scarcely any injury to the plants over which it is placed, unless a great thickness is made use of, is on plants on the rockery, in the flower-beds, Strawberry beds, edible, and sweet Peas in beds or rows, Hyacinths, Tulips, Dahlias, Hollyhocks, Rhododendrons, &c, which in the main exist by means of roots near the surface of the soil. To encourage the growth of these roots by means of mulching containing little or no manurial elements, or still better in the case of the vegetables named, with one that may consist chiefly of dung and straw, is quite reasonable and legitimate practice. Cocoa-nut fibre refuse is now greatly in favour as a mulching material, and for covering the soil beneath plants with small sparse foliage, as bulbs which flower in spring, beds formed of plants in pots for immediate and temporary etl'ects, or where it is desired to hide the soil before the plants cover the same. The use of this kind of fibre rests chiefly on the nice contrasts of colour obtained, and the greater degree of finish and neatness its employment imparts to beds of plants ; and as it contains nothing that is edible it is not disturbed by birds in search of food, nor do earth-worms throw their cast up through it. It contains no plant-food whatever, and may therefore never find employment as a feeding mulch. To plants which are not expected to carry ex- haustive crops of fruits, one of the best mulches is half-decayed leaves, or rather leaves left to decay about plants with many surface-roots. These should . lay not more than 1 inch in thickness, and may be kept in place by a little soil being sprinkled over them. In beds of shrubs, the wind will disturb the leaves at the outside, and these parts only will require to be kept in place in the manner above stated. It may seem odd to many to recommend pieces of stone, boulders, or pebbles as a mulching, and yet these things rank among the best retainers of moisture and also of warmth— points of great importance. Our ordinary mulches are not bad moisture-keepers, but they are the worst of heat- keepers; whereas dark-coloured boulders are about as good as could be found. Roofing tiles, and less so roofing slates, are excellent means of drawing roots to the surface, when laid down pretty close together over the soil. This was recognised by our forefathers in growing the Strawberry, for they lined the rows of plants with the common red tiles, and obtained clean fruits, and plenty of roots near the top. Of course, the tiles were only down in the summer- time. It is a capital plan for growing early crops of these fruits on steep sloping banks facing south. Those who have had the management of gardens in some parts of Hampshire where flints abound, will readily recognise the usefulness of stones on the surface. In the Alpine Garden, amongst the smaller gems, including Primula, Androsace, Arnica, Aubrietia, Calandrinia, Celandine, Cistus, Cortusa, Cyclamen, Gentians, Lithospermum, Phyteuma, Saxifraga, Thymus, and many others ; stones placed over the roots in small numbers, and around the plants, or amongst which they may be planted, are amongst the great points of successful culture. The stones conserve moisture in the driest times, shelter the surface-roots, whilst at the same time they induce them to keep near the source of warmth, preserve the crown from dangerous wind-rocking, and form suitable spots for the germination of seed dropped by the plants, and for other natural modes of in- crease. And it must be said that most alpines seem much more at home when nestling amongst stones and rocks than when placed on the level surface of a border, and liable to injury from hoe and rake. Most Ferns are benefited by growing amongst stones, if the soil employed be suitable, or by having stones placed around them ; and as a rule the more stone and the less soil the better do the plants grow. In cases where boulders or sandstone cannot readily be obtained, and the Ferns grow on the level land, it will be found good practice to employ a mulch of leaf-mould, which should be only partially de- cayed. In all that has been above stated, there is nothing whatever that can claim to be new ; but it is obviously of benefit to bring out of the horticul- tural arsenal some of the old appliances, for fear they should become rusty and forgotten. A. I". E. ORCHIDS IN SI.KKIM. Wiikn' an error gets to be periodically repeated, without contradiction, it becomes a duty to try to set it right, and such au error is the recorded altitude at which Cytnbidinm eburneutn is naturally found. This, as frequently quoted by Gardeners' Chronicle correspondents, on the au- thority of Griffiths, is 5-6O0O feet, in the Khasia Hills, which I believe to be incorrect. The plant is not uncommon in the Sikkim Himalayas, but does not occur over 3000 feet. Its usual posi- tion is high up on the spreading limbs or forks of trees, by river beds, in the hot, steamy valleys, from 1000 to 3000 feet above sea level, and, judging from well-known localities of other plants common to Sikkim and Khasia, it ought to be found in the Khasia Hills, at rather lower elevations than it is in Sikkim. it would surprise me greatly to learn that it really thrives — or even lives for many years — under cultivation, in anything near the temperature of that of 5-6000 feet, at the latitude of the Khasia Hills, which would be that of a greenhouse in Eng- land with the frost barely kept out. Naturally, it is a plant for the warm and not for the cool Orchid-house. Many species of Orchids, as well as of other planfs appear to have accommodating constitutions, and are found growing equally well at widely different alti- tudes, but Cymbidium eburneum is not one of them. In the Gardeners' Chronicle of March 1, p. 206, it is stated that Pleiones are found in the mountains of India " clinging to moist rocks, in positions exposed to full sunlight," as well as on the trunks of trees ; and that "many growers fail with them, through giving them tropical treatment and excessive coddling." It seems to me that both of the above quotations, although correct in part, contain possible sources of error. Most people, I think, would picture a " moist rock " as one with more or less water trickling pretty constantly over it ; but in such situations Pleiones are never naturally found. The cool section of the Sikkim Pleiones grow abundantly on moss-covered rocks, and on the trunks and branches of trees, but those rocks never have any water running over them, except in the shape of rain as it falls from the clouds, and for a great portion of the year they are anything but moist rocks. For six months on end— October till April — they may get but two or three wettings, whilst from the middle of June till the middle of September they are usually in an almost constant statu of saturation. In Sikkim, Pleiones certainly do not love " positions exposed to full sunlight," but rather court the chequered shade. It is also a mistake to lump Pleiones all together in their treatment, as it is, too, for Cymbidiums ; and therefore the suggestion, without any qualification, against giving Pleiones tropical treatment, although right in the main, is partly misleading. I know of four species of Pleione in Sikkim, viz., Hookeriana, humilis, Wallichiana, and maculata. The mean altitudes at which they are respectively found, in their above order, are 90.00, 8000, 7000, and 2500 feet. It naturally follows that P. maculata should get tropical treatment, and the three others cool. Pleiones flower so luxuriantly in these hills, that I can hardly imagine them to be finer under culti- vation ; but this is a mere hazard on my part, as I cannot call to mind having ever seen one of the genus in flower under cultivation, and certainly have not done so for the last quarter of a century ; but were they as fine under cultivation in Europe as they are here under natural conditions, I cannot help thinking they would be more often noticed in horticultural papers than they are. May 3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS3 CHRONICLE, 547 I have mentioned that some species of Orchids appear to have accommodating constitutions, and to thrive equally well at widely different altitudes. Dendrobium nobile is one of them. But I am not sure that the climatic conditions vary so exces- sively as they at first sight appear to do, or as the mean temperatures of the extreme elevations, between which they are found, would indicate. In Sikkim, Dendrobium nobile is found from about 1000 up to over 5000 feet. Until lately I considered 4800 feet to be its upper limit, but last year I found a big, healthy plant growing at 5300 feet. Tt was, however, in a favoured position. It was on the top of a big rock, among Ferns and other dwarf-growing plants, under the friendly shelter of overhanging boughs of trees growing behind the rock, whilst the face of the rock was bare, and fully exposed to the rays of the noon-day sun. Consequently, during the cold nights, it got the full benefit of the radiated heat from the mass of rock ; for in the winter season our days are almost always bright and sunny. Without those friendly conditions the plant, at this high elevation, could have barely, if at all, existed ; with them it flourished. It is on these sun-heated and sheltered rocks that Dendrobium nobile must be looked for in the cool regions of 4000 feet and up- wards, but in the low, stifling valleys it chooses the topmost boughs of tall trees, where it is fully exposed to all winds and weathers, thus, seemingly, courting the cooling breezes in the hot valleys, and creeping into the warm corners at the cold heights. J. A. < ■■', Varjiy/iiiJ, April 5, Is: HI. [Orchid growers will cordially thank our corres- pondent, and we trust that he, and others placed like him, will favour us with their observations on plants as they grow in nature. Ed J Orchid Notes and Gleanings. A COMPLFA' HYBRID CYERIPEDIUM. A coniocsLT complex hybrid has just flowered in 1 James Vcitch & Sons' collection. It was raised between Cypripedium X Harrisianum superbum and C. x cenanthum superbum, though the accom- panying note does not state which was the seed parent. Both these plants are themselves hybrids, and the last-named has also a hybrid parentage on the one side. The case stands thus: -Cypripedium villosum was fertilised with the pollen of C. barbatuni, thus producing C. X Harrisianum. This hybrid was now fertilised with the pollen of C insigne Maulei, when C. X mnanthum superbum was the result, or what may perhaps be called a secondary hybrid. Once more this was crossed (one way or the other) with one of the best varieties of C X Harrisianum, the result being a hybrid of the third degree. Its parentage is thus made up in the following pro- pur n his. C.barbatum, | ; C. villosum, J ; C. insigne, ;. It is said to be quite inferior to either of its parents in point of beauty, though a hybrid has not always attained its full development at its first time of flowering. From a scientific point of view, the point of interest is, that there should be complete fertility even when both parents are themselves hybrids, though probably many other such cases could be cited amongst garden plants. Such causes may yet throw light on the supposed multiple origin of certain races of florists' flowers. li. A. S 0 i .., a i Cm . i I'ahk. The collection of F. C. Jacomb, Esq., Cheam, Surrey, is famed for the excellence of its large-flowered forms of Odontoglossnm crispum, and for some re- markable and handsome hybrid Odontoglossums, several of which we have had occasion to note recently, At present, in the cool-houses are nu- merous massive sprays of (). crispum of the large white or blush-tinted type. Of the latter, the variety named roseum is a superb flower, and that named gnttatum fastuosum, in addition to the rich rose col mring of the back as well in the front surface of the flower, is heavily spotted with rich chestnut- brown. Of the hybrid Odontoglossums, O. Jacombianum, with its crimson markings on pale cream ground, stands first, although there are in bloom some fine examples of O. Ruckerianum and O. Ander- sonianum, one of the latter being in the way of, but an improvement on, the form named O. a. lobatum. In the same house were in flower Odontoglossum Cervantesii roseum, some fine O. luteo-purpureum, and O. Wilckeauum ; also O. citrosmum, suspended plants, one with three fine spikes, and another with a spike of twenty-four flowers; some excellent forms of O. Pescatorei, well-flowered Oncidium concolor, the fragrant Cattleya citrina, and other good plants. It is noteworthy that the gardener, Mr. W, May. had to entirely chan.e his treatment of these cool- house Orchids to that he pursued with good results at Stamford Hill. The soil at Cheam is warmer and drier, and the plants did not thrive nearly so well under that treatment. Mr. May therefore kept the houses much closer, giving less ventilation, and the plan'< have now returned to their old form, and this hint may be useful to gardeners having Orchids in chalky or gravelly districts, and whose plants do not quite satisfy them. In a small warm house the less, r Cypripediums are doing well, one monstrous form of C. bellatulum being in bloom. The Phahenopsis are thriving vigorously, and some Aerides and Vandas also occupy places in the house. The next hni-e to this is one in which are displayed all Orchids in flower which may conveniently be moved. These are arranged with Ferns, which always remain in the house, and consist of very nice species and varieties. Here were specimens in flower of the pretty and fragrant Cattleya Schroderx, the white- flowered Angrrecum Sanderianum, some fine sprays of Phalamopsis grandidora, P. amabilis and P. Sanderiana ; several Cypripedium callo«um — one peculiar variety having blackish warts on the sur- face of the petals as well as on the edge ; the noble C. Schrodera: X, with its large carmine- rose flowers ; Dendrobium Devoniamim, and a curious upright growing D. Pierardii and other species. The Cattleya-houses contained tine specimens, among others Loslia purpurata, well-sheathed, one mass having nearly two hundred pseudobulbs. Here, again, Cattleya Schrod eric and C. Mend. Hi were in bloom; and a plant of Platyclinis glumacea which had borne sixty flower-spikes; a Cymbidium Low- ianum was in bloom, and Anguloa Ruckeriana in bud. The house also accommodated a number of thriving Miltonia vexillaria, of which some were in flower; others being Aerides Fieldingii, A. crispum, Cypripedium Druryii, and other Cypripediums. In addition to Orchids, is u general collection of plants and fruits, and a large garden, containing specimens of variegated Hollies, ami other shrubs and trees which time alone could produce. Odontoolossi-m HobsmaniX, Iichh.f. Among the numerous hybrid Odontoglossums that have been described is one between O. Pesca- torei and 0. luteo-purpureum, bearing the above name. Among those which have at different times passed through my hands, I was never able to detect one bearing this parentage until now, when Mr. J. Fraser has brought a flower for determination from Mr. Pollett's collection. It is from the plant mentioned at p. 52G, as exhibited at the last meet- ing of the Royal Horticultural Society. " A variety of Odontoglossum sceptrum, shown as var. alba, was sent by H. M. Pollett, Esq., Fernside, Bickley igr., Mr. l'arkes) ; this differs from the type in the fact that the yellow ground-colour is replaced by white." It is a rare and charming little hybrid, the cinnamon spots on the nearly white ground and the yellow disc of the lip forming a bright and effective con- trast. It agrees faiily well with the description, but if compared with the original specimen, might not be found quite identical, as these hybrids are known to vary. Of the parentage I see no reason to doubt. The colour, shape, and crests of lip, and the more entire wings with the minute spots, are all markedly characteristic of O. Pescatorei, and con- siderably different from those of the other parent. In fact, it is thoroughly intermediate. Whether the variety sceptrum or another form of luteo-purpureum is concerned in the parentage, it would, perhaps, be difficult to say. E. A. Rolfe. Anoh/ecum sesquipkdale. Whether it is the result of difference of cultiva- tion, or of variation, I have noticed that those plants which flower late in the season generally have the best blooms. I am inclined to believe that there are varieties of the species, as not only are the flowers of the earlier flowering plants usually infe- rior, but there is a more or less marked difference in the foliage, the early plants generally having smaller and thinner leaves, and of a lighter green than the late ones. But although these differences may be observed, I am not certain that they might not be brought about by conditions of culture, for where the differences were the most marked — that is, in the late flowerers — the plants were grown cooler, with much light and more air than was the case with the early-flowered plants. More- over, I have observed that where Vandas grow in an ill-balanced, stuffy atmosphere, somewhat similar results are brought about— at least, as regards the foliage, which either gets spotted, or has a lax, half-etiolated appearance, which of itself proves that, the treatment afforded the plants is not the right one. Here we grow them at one end of the Calt- leya-house, where there is a maximum of light and air, and their growth is very satisfactory. The leaves of great breadth, and of a hard, horny texture slightly glaucous, and dark green in colour. The plant stands 2 feet high, the leaves being almost down to the base of the stem; and it bore this season two racemes of three and four flowers respec- tiv.ly, and of an ivory-white, 8.} inches over, the spur being about 12 inches long. Sometimes it has developed three racemes, and a single flower on a fourth, but the lesser the number the larger the llo'.vrls. A point which I should like to know is, has any one ever succeeded in developing the second series of flower-buds which form on the opposite side of the raceme, and which usually fall off as the first series expand? This was, I thought, owing to their being very prominent before the others ex- panded, and these, with the exception of the one next the point, fall off. F. R. Cattlkya cithina. Let those who find it difficult to grow this Orchid read what is said of it in the Journal, des Orchidia. In the last number of this publication M. Va-seur describes how he succeeded in flowering Cdttleya citrina in his sitting-room. He obtained the plant in October, 1888, and kept it through the winter in a room without a fire, but where frost did not pene- trate. In fine weather, when the outer temperature did not full below 12° C. (54° F.), the windows were opened, and throughout the following summer the Cattleya remained in the room, of which the windows were open day and night, shading being afforded, when necessary, by a curtain. At the end of October, 1889, the plant was transferred to the dining-room, where it remained all the winter, subjected to consi- derable fluctuations in temperature, and exposed to but little light; nevertheless, the plant produced four shoots, one of which flowered in March, and another will shortly do so, whilst new roots are being produced. The plant has been syringed daily, and is growing on a block placed near the window, and near to two porous vessels of water, the evapo- ration from which mpplies the necessary atmospheric moisture. In the same room is a zinc trough (baquet) filled with vater, in which are plunged some bricks, which support other Orchids, Ferns, and Palms. The late Mr. Skinner, it may be remem- bered, succeeded in flowering Lycaste Skinneri in his drawing-room. 548 THE GAB DENE US' CHBONICLE. [May 3, 1890. THE VEGETABLE CONFERENCE. The papers read at the Vegetable Conference, and published in a recent issue of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, are well worth the attention of every one interested in growing good vegetables, and it would be desirable that a con- ference should be held every year, in order that the various effects of the different seasons might be thoroughly studied, new varieties of vegetables com- pared with standard kinds, and the results of experi- ments with manures, &c, demonstrated. At meetings such as this, information may be obtained which will do much to advance the various branches of horticulture. Sir T. Lawrence did well in calling attention to the preserving of vegetables, and it would be desir- able at another conference if this part of the subject could have more attention, and systems be intro- duced whereby some of our choicest summer vege- tables could be preserved for winter use. Mr. Veitch touched the right chord in his opening address by welcoming the gardeners to the Con- ference. Let us hope the words so fitly spoken will induce many who read them to rally round the Society, now that it is giving such practical proofs of its usefulness in the series of conferences that have been held of late years. He was emphatically right in saying it was a gardeners' exhibition, yet its value to the community generally was far greater than one of showy flowers. We caunot live on the latter, no matter how much they may please the eye; on the other hand, the whole of our food is derived either directly or indirectly from vegetables and plants that are mostly not celebrated for their flowers. The improvement in the Pea dining the period mentioned has been great as regards size of pods and the number of I'eas contained ; some worthless varieties have also disappeared ; but as regards flavour the progress is nil. Ne plus Ultra is still the best-flavoured Pea we have, and one of the best croppers. Among new Cabbages, Mein's No. 1 should have been mentioned. When obtained true, this is one of the very best, coming into use very quickly, and keeping in good condition much longer than some. The new varieties of Broccoli are of better colour, the late ones showing a great improvement in that respect over Cattell's Ec'ipse, which was at one time the best late variety. I quite agree with Mr. Veitch that Brussels Sprouts are much improved, but these remarks do not apply to varieties of the giant type, which find great favour with some. This vegetable has always a strong taste ; we want more of the Cauliflower flavour without much increase in size. A variety of dwarf French Bean, called Paris Ked, is the finest for length of pod, and for remaining a long time in good condition. It was introduced some years ago by Mr. Bunyard, but is very little known. If a variety of the French Bean could be found that would lengthen the season outdoors by increased hardiness, it would be a valuable acquisi- tion, especially in northern parts of the kingdom. In connection with Eirly Milan Tarnip, it should be noted that its introduction has given us a Turnip that will bear a moderate amount of forcing better than the older varieties. Among Onions the new varieties which grow to such enormous proportions are practically of very little use ; moderate-sized roots are preferable for their keeping qualities. There is still room for a variety that will prolong the season after James' Long Keeping is over. The Cucumber has, on the whole, made the least advance. Why it has been so unfortunate is hard to determine ; for although it is perhaps more of a luxury than most things mentioned, here it is very much in request during the summer months, and the consumption of it increases. There is plenty of room for improvement in the miserable specimens of outdoor growth which are to le seen in towns during August and September. Mr. Veitch's remarks on multiplying varieties by- giving new names to old sorts are not by any means too severe. This practice is very much in the way of a steady advance in vegetable culture. Few things are more disappointing to an intelligent cultivator than to find he has been deceived after several months of painstaking interest, and has only got an old acquaintance under a new name, or pos- sibly something new, but not so good or useful as what had been depended on before. The Koyal Horticultural Society does good service in the trials it institutes at Chiswick of Peas, Tomatos, &c, and circumstances ; but why a space of 'J feet was wanted between the beds, I fail to see. I cannot agree with him, either, when he says there are no peculiar varieties of Asparagus. I have found the Early Purple Argenteuil comes into use before the other, when grown side by side ; of course I admit all are the same from a botanist's point of view. Again, seed saved from extra strong plants must have an inevitable tendency to produce a giant race, as is the case also with all other vegetables, and most cultivators know the importance of making a good selection of plants for seed-bearing. A " giant " Fio. 86— cvpniPEDirsi stoxei, vab. plattt.exium : the premier cypbiPjiDicm. (see p. 552.) also in examining and granting Certificates to really good introductions. If all growers could agree not to notice so-called " new " varieties, unless duly certificated, the sending out of worthless things would soon cease. We want a catalogue of vege- tables, with a list of their varieties and synonyms — after the style of the National Chrysanthemum Catalogue — got up by some reliable and independent authority such as the Koyal Horticultural Society. Mr. Shirley Hibberd's paper is well worthy of perusal by every one interested in growing Asparagus, and the specimens he exhibited at the Conference showed what can be accomplished by intelligence and perseverance, even under the most adverse race is obtained by this means, after a few genera- tions from selected seed. Mr. Hibberd appears to use as much manure as anyone in his system of cultivation, and liquid manure in addition, although he characterises the ordinary system of manuring as "extravagant waste." Briefly, his system may be summed up in good drainage, a moist bottom, raised beds, limestone in abundance, plentv of space, and careful attention in developing the growth of the plant to the fullest extent by manuring, &c. M. de Vilmorin said the French growers used "abundance of manure," and plant 4 feet apart in the rows, and 3 feet between the rows. The use of raised beds for Asparagus is fast dying out in this country ; they May 3. 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 549 can only be recommended on cold heavy soils, and in wet localities, neither of which should be selected for Asparagus culture. Few persons could speak with such authority on " Winter Salads " as Mr. Norman, as few have to meet such a large demand as he does. His paper might well have been extended a little, so as to include a few more subjects sometimes used in salads, such as Mustard and Cress, Cucumbers, &c, which are by no means easily grown during the dark days of winter. Endive is often more conveniently blanched if taken up and placed in a warm and dark chamber, like Chicory. The paper by Mr. J. Wright, on " The Food of Plants," should be well studied by every young gar- dener who aspires to eminence in his profession. There is ample room for experiment on this subject ; we want a series of observations with the various manures and vegetables carried on for a number of years, in a similar manner to what Sir J. Lawes has pods must be supplied, as they are puffed out to an abnormal extent ; and again, the quantity of seed produced by these large-podded varieties is far less than such kinds as Ne plus Ultra, Standard, Marvel, &c. ; a larger piece of ground has, therefore, to be planted, which means an excess of labour, and other expenses, and all that is gained — viz., the increased size of the pods — eventually rinds its way to the swill-tub for the pigs. What is especially wanted among Peas is a dwarf Ne plus Ultra that will stand an ordinary winter, and come in for use in spring, at the same time as our small early varieties do now. On p. 39, " to the former a few days gained," should read, " to the latter." In the paper entitled " Potato Improvements during the Last Twenty-five Years," by Mr. A. Dean, the once famous Scotch Champion deserved a slight recognition for past services. Although the cele- brated Magnum Bonum has now almost driven it from the field, it is still much appreciated by some Fio. 87.— iraw narcissus prodigy. so carefully done at Rothamsted with farm crops. Books of reference on chemistry suitable for a gar- dener are also scarce ; one is especially wanted that would give analyses of the various vegetables in general use. By a judicious use of manures it is often possible to get more than double the ordinary produce from a piece of land. Exposure of the soil to the action of a winter's frost will sometimes do as much good as manuring, from the disintegration of the component parts. Mr. T. Laxton is a great authority on raising new Peas, and one regrets to hear he finds it an " unpro- fitable occupation." His classification is somewhat curious. Surely "farinaceous "Peas, as in Class 2, are in very small request, and those of Class 3 would answer the purpose quite as well. If, as Mr. Laxton says, the increased size of the pods is a benefit to the market grower, it is by no means a boon to a private gardener who has a family to keep supplied. He has to supply enough Peas for each person at dinner to have sufficient ; the pods count for nothing. In order to do this with such varieties as Evolution, Duke of Albany, &c, almost double the measure of as one of the best Potatos for flavour. What caused it to lose its disease-resisting properties so quickly is a mystery. Potato raisers would confer a great boon on the nation generally if they would give us an early Ashleaf suitable for strong loamy soils ; the present race will only thrive satisfactorily in old gardens, and other light soils. " Maintaining a Supply of Vegetables," the subject allotted to Mr. Smith, of Mentmore, is far too ex- tensive to allow of full justice being done to it on such an occasion as this, although Mr. Smith has got a good deal of information into a small space. As regards varieties, he says it is beyond the scope of his paper to recommend them, but in many instances one or two particular varieties — say of Broccoli, Peas, &c. — make all the difference between success and failure as regards " maintaining a supply." In sowing Peas, " the end of November " is too late for many places ; if not got in by the middle of the month, there is often very little chance of doing it afterwards. On p. 49 we are told, " French Beans transplant well, end come much earlier than from seed ; " but how they are obtained in the first instance, if not from seed, is by no means clear. A distinction should have been made between early and late Broccoli. May is too late for sowing the early kinds, and if sown in June they would be worthless. Very few persons would allow Cauli- flowers to "come to perfection " in the seed-beds, neither is it necessary, if a good selection of varieties is grown, and a little care and judgment used in transplanting. If any difficulty is experienced in exceptional cases, sowing thinly in rows, and thin- ning them after, would be preferable to leaving them in seed-beds. In very light soils Spinach in summer is almost an impossibility, but the leaves of Spinach ISeet answer the same purpose without giving half the trouble. As mentioned in the introduction, a vegetable conference early in the season would be desirable at a future time, in order to complete or advance the work thus so well begun by the Royal Horticultural Society ; vegetables being in many instances of such a successional nature, it is impossible to get the representatives of a year's supply all present at one time. IV. S. Dicers. Ketton Hall, Stamford. NEW NARCISSUS. Before the periodical attack of Daffodil fever is quite expended, we may lay before our readers an illustration of one of the novelties exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitob & Sons, of Chelsea (fig. 87). The perianth segments are lemon-yellow ; the corona of a deeper hue, cylindrical, but contracted at the throat. The margin of the tube is divided into shallow rounded lobes. It is the contraction at the end of the corona, as a lady's-sleeve is gathered in at the wrist, which has suggested the name of Prodigy for this variety which, as shown at the Daffodil Conference, was both novel and pretty. NANT-Y-GLYN, COLWYN BAY. Mb. Alfred 0. Walker's garden at Colwyn Bay is well known to readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle, from the occasional notes which its owner com- municates from time to time, generally referring to rare and half-hardy plants, which are grown at Nant-y-Glyn. It appears strange to many gar- deners, in similar latitudes, that such plants flourish there, just as they flourish in the favoured gardens of l'lvnouth, Lammorran, and other Devon and Cornwall localities ; but the matter is readily under- stood wlen the garden is seen. At the same time it must not be overlooked, that Mr. Walker is a very able and accomplished botanist, and that he, for many yiars, managed the large garden at the Chester Lead Works under much less favourable condition!. He is now steadily showing us that many plaits can be grown in our Northern gardens if proper means are adopted for their culture and protection, and we must not lay too much stress on his espeiially favourable environments. The shorts of Colwyn Bay are of clays and sands of glacial origii, resting upon the Wenlock shales of the Silurian groip, the carboniferous limestones having been denude!. The rains of ages have worn deep narrow ravines through the boulder clays down to the sea, wideiing out inland when the hard shales are reached, .n one of these deep sheltered valleys, Mr. Walker's jouse is built on the higher slopes, backed by Pini woods. The garden slopes down to a little brooi, which runs through the grounds, and works a hydraulic ram, which furnishes an abundant supplyof water for the house and garden. The whole is surrarnded by fine trees, and is thus com- pletely sheltered rom cutting winds, whilst, at the same time, it enjo;s abundant sunshine. These are most favourable cmditions, and the genial climate of Colwyn Bay addito the advantages which produce such excellent resuks. It does not follow, therefore, that plantB which gow in Mr. Walker's garden will succeed elsewhere. It rather shows the extreme limits under most favourable conditions. Mr. Walker has at Nant-y-Glyn ; most interesting collection of 550 THE GAB DEN EBB' C HBO XI CLE. [Mat 3, 1890. plants, trees, and shrubs — such as are not to be found north of Devonshire in any other garden with which I am acquainted. The garden was formed about twenty vears ago, so that the trees have attained to a considerable size. Of Eucalyptus there are five varieties, from 20 to 30 feet high, and all in perfect condition ; the reddish branches contrasting strongly with the grey-green foliage. These have withstood live or six severe winters. Pittosporum tenuifolium has grown to 20 feet high, and is a remarkable tree with wavy leaves and dark purple flowers, which give out a strong honey-like perfume at nightfall. The narrow Laurel-like leaves with wavy margins give a play of light to the tree which adds greatly to its picturesque effect ; it is a New Zealand tree, and was grown from seed by Mr. Walker, the native name for it is the Matapo. Pittosporunj eugenioides bears a greenish-yellow flower, and the same wavy leaf, which is said to be lemon-scented. This we found to be the case with the young leaves. P. tobira is an Asiatic variety (the other two being from New Zealand). It has yellowish - white flowers, and bloomed throughout the winter, being now covered with seeds. Benthamia fragifera is 10 feet high, and in vigorous growth, but has not yet shown any signs of bearing the Strawberry-like fruit for which it is named. The Arbutus was, however, completely covered with its Strawberry fruit already, and was everywhere quite at home in Mr. Walker's garden. Of Fremontia californica there was a grand speci- men on the lawn, 10 feet high. I saw it in bloom last autumn, when it was covered with its large golden yellow flowers, one of the most beautiful plants I ever beheld ; now it is covered with Nut-like fruit, bearing ripe seeds. Another gem was Grevillea rosmarinifolia, a Tasmanian plant, which was in full bloom, and presented a remarkable appearance. The leat is exactly like Rosemary, a beautiful greyish- green, and the flowers are in clusters of brightest red, with a coral-like lustre. A most curious contrast was Colletia horrida, a very strong grower, with large whin- like spines for leaves, and minute white flowers. Eugenia apiculata was 15 feet high ; it bears Myrtle-like flowers, and ripens fruit. Skim- mia japonica was also both in flower and fruit, and very beautiful. Mr. Walker take3 especial in- terest in this plant, which has a curious history. The old S. japonica of gardens (=S, Fortunei.Mast.) was not the true plant, and does not occur in Japan. It has hermaphrodite flowers, and bears a small oval berry. The true S. japonica is diiecious, and was known, awhile ago, in gardens under two nan.es, S. oblata and S. fragrans. It is now known that these two are the same plant. S. oblata is the tme S. japonica of Thunherg and the female plant, wlilst S. fragrans is the male.* The appearance of thfse two Skimmias, large bushes, planted side by side was a surprise to me, as I have only the old form at Brock- hurst, a very inferior variety both in leaf and fruit. Mr. Walker's variety has much larger fruit ofa better colour, and the foliage is also more effective. As a decorative plant throughout the winter it certainly holds a very high place, and should not be omitted in any good garden— care being taken to obtaii the true forms, male and female. Berberis nepatensis was also a noteworthy shrub ; it carries long 'acemes of yellow flowers, and has fine foliage. Veronica Hul- keana, which one usually sees in a greenhouse, was here in bud in the open garden. It has ong panicles of lavender coloured flowers, and will sho'tly be a mass of bloom. There were many interesling climbing plants on the house and walls. A climbiig Hydrangea lrom Japan, Schizophragma hydraigeoides was covered with white flowers. Choisya'ernata covered a large extent of wall, and will soon b beautifully in flower. Akebia quinata, a most inteesting plant to the botanist, was covered with ragrant purple flowers in clusters— male and femae — on the same stalk. A very effective dark foliajed climber was Ampelop«is sempervirens. For boad effects there was no'hing to beat that produced by a long row of Beiberis Darwinii, which lined th' carriage drive on the approach to the house. Of course there were hosts of Conifers, Cupressus macrocarpa and Pinus insignis being the most vigorous. There were also a good collection of the Himalayan Rhododendrons nearly in flower, and a fine lot of alpine plants. Down by the brook were large masses of Bamboos, and a grand plant of Chamrerops excelsa, twenty years old ; a good fernery with fine specimen Todeas and filmy Ferns ; and lastly, an excellent collection of herbaceous plants. The enumeration might be greatly extended, but the above will show the character of the garden at Nant-y-Glyn. With Mr. Walker for a guide through this interesting collection, one cannot fail to learn much, and to unlearn a good deal more. Wm. Brock- banJt,Brochhurst, Didshury, April 17, 1890. inverted glass, or ginger beer bottles. In a rustic arbor, fine gravel, Derbyshire spar, or even clean yellow or white sand seem the most fitting materials. * See paper and illustrations by Di Masters, Gardeners' Thrmielc, April 27, 1839, on the Skimiras. GARDEN ARBOURS. It may be said that we do not require much defence from the too ardent rays of the sun, but generally there are some few weeks in our apology for a Bummer when retreats, leafy or otherwise, form grateful adjuncts to a garden. I will mention a few names ot plants adapted for covering such arbours : ■ — Aristolochia sipho, Hops, Virginian Creeper, Clematis of most climbing species of their varieties ; Caprifolium periclymenum, the Woodbine and its varieties, vulgaris, serotinum, and quercifolium ; the Chinese Lonicera flexuosaand L. f. variegata; the Fly Honeysuckles are also rapid growers, and not much attacked by aphis — always a drawback to arbour plants ; the hardy Grape-vines are good examples of this kind of climbing plants. The Rose affords a number of suitable subjects for planting, and select- ing those which flower in summer, when an arbour is most used, we have the almost evergreen Bank- sian Roses, the amazingly floriferous Polyantha, the rapid-growiug Ayrshire Roses, like Ruga, Dundee Rambler, splendens, and Boursault. Evergreen Roses of tolerable rampant habit are — Felicite Per- petuel, Myrianthes, Reiionculi, Rampant, and Flora; the H.P.'s Bessie Johnson and Jules Margottin, both climbers. To these may be added Hybrid China Roses, Blairii No. 2, Brennus, Che. nedolle, and Paul Verdier. Most of the above are deficient in frag- rance, and the following Teas are worthy of being planted ; Jamie Desprtz, Devoniensis the climbing variety, Niphetos, Walt ham Climber, Safrano, Gloire de Dijon ; and, in very warm spots, La Marck, and Marshal Niel. Of Noisettes, mention may be made of Aimee Vibert, Bouquet d'O.-, Celine Forestier and W. Allen Richardson. It will be apparent to most persons that the proper place for a retreat is in a sunny part of the garden, the air there being soft, warm, and buoyant, and devoid of any objectionable dampness. In such positions, if the preparations as to soil for the plants, good drainage and freedom from shade of dense trees, which always, by the way, are provocative of draughts, have been attended to, the climbing plants will do well. A narrow border round the sides of the arbor might be planttd with Carna- tions, and Musk, Martynia fragrans; sweet herbs, like Thyme, Lavender, Rosemary, Aloysia citriodora should find a place, and many other old fashioned plants about which tender nuemorks cling. Whatkindof floor should an arbour have? An im- portant question not always answered in the best manner. One may divide roughly these buildings into the architectural and the rustic. The former agreeing with the canons o" harmony if placed near the dwelling-house, or the glasshouses, if any such be in the flower or pleasure garden ; the latter being more in unison with the more natural features of a place. In the former case a floor, raised an inch or two, may be made of shells or pebbles imbedded in cement, par- quet blocks, tiles in pattern, or small red bricks on edge. Stone, cement, slate, and asphalte are cold to the feet, apt to become green in the case of some, and scored by innumerable marks of shoe-soles. A verit- able horror is a floor consisting of the bottoms of Plants and Their Gulture. The Conservatory. — The different species of plants in bloom at this date will make this house very gay. Cyclamens will soon be getting past their best, and should get placed in cold frames or on shelves, and water gradually withheld from them till the leaves decay. They do best in a frame facing south, so as to have sunlight to ripen their conns. Young plants should get close atten- tion, and be kept close to the glass in a temperature of 60°, keeping them clean and growing freely. Late sown seedings of Cyclamen should now be in small GO's, and still earlier plants should be shifted if necessary. These plants ought never to be checked in growth, and should be kept clean and free from aphis. Late Tulips, Narcissus, Spiraeas, Prunus, Gueldre Rose, and similar plants, should be placed on the north side of a wall to retard them. Spiraeas may still be divided and planted on an open border of rich soil, and kept well watered, liquid manure being afforded occasionally. If planted with a basin round each plant, the moisture is well retained about them, which otherwise would not be the case on a slope. If well treated they force readily, butayear's rest from forcing is beneficial. Deutzias need more care, cutting them back hard and affording them a little warmth to assist them to break. Re- pot any that require it, and syringe them in bright weather to keep down red-spider. Deutzias will do in a cold frame in a few weeks time, and may finally be plunged in an open border facing south. Late Cinerarias should be cleaned from all aphis before removal to the conservatory. I should advise those who have not yet grown the new Deutzia Watererii to do so, it is useful for conservatory work and for cutting ; it also torces freely, and its flowers are more than double the size of those of D. gracilis. Dielytra spectabilis should get planted out in a good border. Cytisus needs plenty of moisture, and occa- sionally some kind of artificial manure, as the pots soon get full of roots. Pernettyas just at this season are making growth, and do not need any heat. We find them as effective as Solanums, and much cleaner. Early plants of Richardia well past their best and not in need of shifting, when hardened off, may be plunged in their pots on a warm border. We grow a few (or early bloom in this way; but the majority of the plants are turned out and divided, and planted in a border with plenty of decayed manure, and watered freely in dry weather, potting them up to about the middle of September. This pant when 60 treated produces the best spathes. Intermediate and East Lothian Slocks are now useful, and require plenty of moisture at the root. A few slould be kept back so as to form a succes- sion by placing them in the open. Close attention should be paid to the growth ot all seedlings re- quired for summer decoration of the conservatory, and all crowding in the seed-pans avoided. Ce- losias, Cockscombs, Balsams, Impatiens, Sultanai, Scliizanthus, Nicotiana alfinis, Rhodanthes, Browallia elata, and B. e. alba, may be sown in small quan- tities ; they will now come up quickly in an interme- diate-house, and form a succession to the sowings. Some of the early sown Asters may be potted up and grown in a cold frame. Aquilegias are also of use when sown in the autumn, and cultivated like the Campanulas. Both the foregoing may he put into 5 inch pots. Primulus obconia will now be useful if they were carefully divided and potted Bonie time ago. Shift any young plants of Fraucoa ramosa, and grow them on in a cold frame. Divide old plants of the same, and give them extra warmth for a time. &. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. The Orchid Houses. In the Intermediate-house Baikerias will be break- ing away, and must be well supplied with water. If there are several of these plants in the collection, it is a good plan to hang them up all together where they may receive a thorough drenching from the syringe two or three times a day. Ltelia harpophylla, if requiring it should now be repotted, employing a compost of peat, sphagnum moss, and pieces of May 3, 1890/ THE GA R DE NE R S ' CHE O XI CL E. 55 L potsherd broken small. Vauda Kimballiana and V. Amesiana may be repotted. I find these plants do very much better in this house than when they are grown in greater heat. Anguloa Clowesii and its varieties now sending up their flower-spikes should not be allowed to suffer from want of water, and any plants which have not been repotted this year, the roots of which are filling the pots, may safely be given guano-water in small quantities, as pre- viously advised for other things. A sharp look-out must be kept for the yellow aphis, which is a trouble- some pest on the young growth of Anguloas. The plants are very liable also to the attacks of scale iusects. The bottom ventilators may be kept open night and day, the night temperature being 60°, and that of the day 103 to 155 higher with sunheat. East Indian-house. — Epidendrum bicornutum now in flower does not like much compost about the roots, and does better when allowed to ramble over the potsherds and charcoal to which they cling. A copious supply ot water the whole year around is another essential point, and during warm weather the plant may he syringed overhead twice a day, and if this be neglected or the leaves of the plant not often sponged, it is liable to thrips and red- spider. The plant is best when grown in baskets, hung well up to the glass. l'haius tuberculosus now going over may be repotted or rebasketed, as the case may be, a com- post consisting of one part turf, fibre, two parts peat, and one of sphagnum moss being employed. Cattleya superba now breaking into growth must not be allowed to be dry at the root, as readily happens when it is placed on Tree Fern or wood rafts, with little material about the roots. It is best to dip the plants in water morning and afternoon. Coelogyne tomentosa now in flower is a pretty and useful companion to the better known C. Mus- sangeana. Attend to previous directions, and let 70° be the minimum night temperature, and give as much heat as possible during the day with sun-heat, having due regard to shading. A. G. Catl, Pa Malm rn. The Flower Garden. Tun Herbaceous Bordbb.— Weeds of all kinds moat be sedulously hoed up, and cleared oil' these borders, using a Dutch hoe, that may easily be worked around the plants. Having made the I lean, annuals may be sown in biiiuII clwnpi wherever desirable, leaving spaces for half-hardy plants, as Asters, Phloxes, Ten-week and other ties of Stocks, which in the course of this month may be safely planted out. Alpine Auriculas in beds are at the present ti a pretty ni^iit, with their varied hues. Much improvement has been made in these plants, and colours come true from seed, so that great variety may be obtained from one packet alone. Seed sown now in the open bonier, covered lightly with soil, or in pans in a frame, will produce plants to flower ne\l ■el on, Old (limits after (lowering may be divided in the same manner as Polyanthuses, unci planted in the reserve garden, in a shady part if possible, alwuvs putting them a little deeper than Ihej were before. With the Narcissus poeticus and p. llore-pleno the Daffodil season is drawing to a close; most varieties are the better for being taken up every second or third year, and transplanted singly in fresh soil, the flowers deteriorating in si/.e and numbers if left in one spot for a longer period. Stout labels should be put to these and other groups of bulbous plants, so that the name and position of them may be known. Dah/ias. — Where the tubers have not been started in heat, the dry roots of Dahlias may be divided, or planted whole in beds by themselves, or in herba- ceous borders and shrubberies, having previously enriched the ground with some well-decayed manure, covering the roots from 1 to G inches with soil. When the shoots appear, thin them to three, leaving only the stronger. It is advisable to put in the stakes at the time of planting, so that the roots may not be damaged, as they may otherwise be if the former are put in after growth has commenced. Tuberous-rooted Begonias. — Dry roots of these plants may be planted in specially prepared ground, a light soil and a warm situation being preferred. Annuals. — Beds sown with annuals should be limed, as during the present mild showery weather slugs are likely to destroy the young plants, Use dry, air-slaked lime, first put through a fine sieve, and either placed in a bag and shaken over the beds, or scattered finely with the hand. Miscellaneous. — Proceed with the planting of Cal- ceolarias in the open beds, and of all hardy plants used for edgings and carpet bedding, forwarding the work of preparing the beds as much as possible to receive the Pelargoniums, &c, which cannot be safely commenced till the end of the third week in May. Harden off all the varieties of bedding plants as fast as possible now, taking care to cover up the less hardy kinds, should there be any appearance of frost. Subtropical plants that are becoming pot- bound should receive a shift, so that no check may be occasioned to their growth. D. C. Powell. The Hardy Fruit Garden. Si'BAwuEBKV Beds. — The plants are growing apace, and throwing up crowns of more than average vigour. If not already done, the quarters should have a covering applied to keep the fruit clean. The materials used are various, fresh stable manure, which if put on early answers well, becomes clean by the time the fruit is ripe, and it has some value as a manure. Short grass from the lawn, and cocoa-nut fibre are used — but I find iu wet weather, and even on dewy mornings, these stick to the fruit. I use clean wheaten straw on the top of the winter mulching ; this answers better than any- thing else that I have tried. It should be remembered that the longer covering beds is delayed, the more labour will be incurred in doing it. I give all fruiting plants before they come into bloom a good sprinkling of soot, then thoroughly soak the soil with the water hose, but then the garden is on a dry sandy hill ; watering might be dispensed with in wetter soil. Nets should now be put into proper order for use. Is.- Trees which were late planted should have the stakes put to them now that the soil has c insolidated, and mulchings may be put to all recently planted. Where mulchings are liable to be blown about, it is a good plan to lay a few sticks on the surface, and peg them down. All suckers must be removed from the base of the trees as soon as they appear, more espec ally in the case of Plums. Go over all trees where any trace of American blight is visible, and dress over and gum up all crevices. Insects, after the late cold and biting winds, will spriug into life as soon as foliage is developed for them to feed upon. It is now getting late for dress- ing trees, bat so long as the flowers are unde- veloped, they may be dressed with simple remedies. Biack and green-fly in many garden* give a great deal of tr, able, and which n i^htbave bi en overcome if lad been adopted earlier. A. Evans, Li/lhe Hill, Fruits Under Glass. Early Peach a\u Nectahins Hoosa, The fruits of Alexander, Early Beatrice, Early Louise, and other varieties on trees that were started last December will now be approaching ripeness, and it will be advisable to make mire, by minute examina- tion, if red-spider is infesting the leaves, and if it should be, a few thorough washings of the trees with soft tepid soapy water by means of the garden engine will eradicate it. It is very essential that this be done prior to the gradual ceasing of syringing the trees during the period of fruit colouring and ripening, otherwise the pest during that brief period will cause very great injury to the foliage, and through that to flavour, besides hindering the growth and maturing of the shoots. Tie in all shoots, and remove leaves where they shade the fruit from sun- shine, placing pieces of lath, so as to raise them up to the light, and secure high colour, (live the roots a good soaking of manure water at 90°, the quantity necessary being determined by the condition of the soil of the border. Keep plenty of heat in the hot- water pipes on cloudy days, so as to impart warmth to the air admitted, but carefully avoid having heated pipes during warm sunshine. The Second Peach-house. — In this house the final disbudding of shoots, and tin' thinning of the fruits, may be proceeded with, not retaining more shoots than are absolutely necessary to supply bearing wood, hut do this work gradually, and not at one time, for it should be borne in mind that there is a reciprocity between leaves and roots, and great loss of foliage at a time is calculated to disturb this. In thinning the fruit, the largest and best placed ought to be retained — those growing on the upper sides of the shoots, or such as cau be brought up later by means of pieces of lath being preferred. Syringe the trees occasionally with clarified soot-water, or weak soapy water, to deter insects from attacking them. Stimu- late root-action by means of liquid mauure, and apply a mulching of Mushroom-bed dung, or other decayed solid manure of a similar nature ; above all, not putting on mulching materials that would seal the soil ; and the older or weaker the tree the more liberal should be the treatment afforded. Young gross growing trees should be stimulated less, or not at all, as conditions may direct. Give air freely in small quantities in all parts of the house ; syringe twice daily, and shut up the house before the sun leaves it, allowing a trifling amount of night ventilation at the front when the hot water-pipes are warm. Late Unhealed Houses and Peach Cases. — The trees should be thinned and disbudded ; and as a preventive of mildew, dust the foliage with flowers-of-sulphur. This malady is generally caused by an atmosphere that is cold and stagnant, or by draughts of cold air. The sulphur may remain for twenty-four hours, and then be washed off with the engine, and the dressing re- peated. Fresh sulphide of potassium, applied in a weak solution, ^ oz. to a gallon of water, is also an effective remedy, but it is troublesome to clean off painted woodwork. The sulphide must be excluded from the air till used. II'. Crump, Madresfield Court, H The Kitchen Garden. Sowing Scabi bt Runneb Beans. — Where trenches me employed these should be got in readiness, and a lew seeds put in for the early crop, but the principal sowing need not be made before the middle of this month, the later sowing frequently catching the earlier ones. The trenches may be 12 feet or more apart, other suitable crops coming between the rows. II the plants are to be pinched at the points, less space will be needed. Prepare the trenches as for Celery, and plant the Beans iu pairs, S to 10 inches apart iu the rows, to be subsequently thinned to one. Carter's Champion and Ne plus Ultra are good varieties, and the latter is as good for exhibition as it is for general consumption. Thin out the crop of Milan Turnips to 3 inches apart. Snowball and other larger growers need more space Spinach and Early Horn Carrots will now need to be thinned, doing this work in showery weather if possible, and before the plants get of large size. Broad Beans may be earthed up, ami according to the demand more seed may be planted. Greens of all kinds should be dug up, and the land cleared as soon as there is no more need for them, otherwise the land will be impoverished. Get the Cabbage plots heavily manured ami deeply dug, making a line tilth as the work proceeds. i .,«., Beds should be kept free from weed ; and the produce, as it becomes fit to cut, removed every day with an Asparagus knife, or twisted oil*— a way of gathering the heads that may be prac- tised on light soils without injury to the crowns. The knife must be used bo as not to damage the young shoots beneath the soil. Beds partly ex- | i led will be much benefited with applications of guano-water, or some salt may be sprinkled on the beds, and the plants not distressed by severe cutting. Flower-pots ; a Binall quantity of leaf-mould or soil mnv be placed our leads, just showing, to safeguard them against frost. Beet -root. — The main crop may now be sown on laud free of rank manure, and deeply dug. Sow for this crop in drills 18 inches apart, and thin out early soon after a shower of rain. Mint. Now is the best time to increase the stock of either Spear or Peppermint. Pieces from ('. to HI inches, if forked up and dibbled into good soil at (i inches apart and 10 to 12 inches between the rows will make good beds— watering will be required till the plants are well rooted. /;,. s, i Sprouts.— Plants early raised in heat, and which may have been pricked and properly hardened off, may be planted out before they get drawn, an open spot being chosen, and the soil, if of a light nature, should be trodden very firmly about the plants. //. Mark/mm, Mt reworih Cattle, \fa4dslone, 552 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loral events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. All communications intended for publication, as well as specimens and pla?its for naming, should be addressed to the Editor. Such com- munications should be written on one side only OF the papeb, and sent as early in the week as possible. Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, Src, are also solicited. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not e.rp ct to obtain an answer to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully packed and numbered, and not more than sic should be sent at one time. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news- papers should be careful to mxrk the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. THURSDAY. SATURDAY, 8 H O WS. May 8— Scottish Primula and May 10— Crystal Palace. 8ALEF. ( Stove and Greenhou May Plants, Or- I ihids, &.C.. at the Exeter Nurse- \ Ties, by Protheroe & Morris (three WEDNESDAY, May 9). ( Carnations, Picotees, Greenhouse W Plants, &c, at Prolheroe & ( Morris' Rooms. . i Established Orchids, at Protherce '\ & Morris' Rooms. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-52° 5. The great Horticultural Exhi- TheB.rlinEx- biti fc B y f the i f hibition. . ' r which we have already given illustrations, is a great success. It was opened by the Empress on Friday last, and will remain open till May 5. The special feature consists in the association of decorative plants and archi- tecture ; but, independently of that, a very fine display of plants has been got together. Among them are several magnificently flowered ex- amples of Clerodendron Balfouriana ; they are the property of Count Henckel von Donners- marck, Yendeck, Upper Silesia, and were grown by his gardener, Mr. John Fox. The plants were from 6 to 7 feet in height, a yard or more in diameter, loosely trained in the form of huge cylinders, the branches of blossoms entirely covering the pots, so that from the base to the apex the plants were one mass of white and red blossoms. Mr. Fox also exhibits the only Smooth Cayenne Pine-apples in the Exhibition. Messrs. Sander, of St. Albans, make a mag- nificent display with their Orchids. Among them are some thirty plants of Cymbidium Lowianum, with an aggregate of over two thou- sand flowers ; an Oncidium ampliatum majus, with over five thousand flowers and buds ; Den- drobium Brymerianum, 3 feet across ; and a group of Odontoglossum vexillarium covering the whole side of one wing of the large building. Messrs. Sander received the highest awards for their enterprise and skill. When _we get our Horticultural Hall, there may be a chance of our once again taking our proper place among the nations. To the toast of the foreign visitors in Berlin we hear that M. Henry de Vilmorin replied in as fluent German as he did here in English the other day. M. de Vilmorin knew how to do his duty to his country in the terrible times of the war. With what different feelings must he have spoken as the representative in Berlin of foreign horticulture ! In our next issue we shall be enabled to give further particulars of this important exhibition. The current number of the A-Cypripedium joumal des Orchiiies, of which advance sheets have been cour- teously forwarded to us by the Editor, M. Lucien Linden, contains the results of an inquiry which was made to elicit a general opinion as to the merits of particular Cypripe- diums. Our readers will shortly be in posses- sion of the full text, with the reasons that induced M. Linden to take a popular vote, so that we need here only say that two main ques- tions were propounded to a number of Orehidists as follows : — 1. What are the twenty-five best Cypripediums, species or varieties, arranged in order of merit ? 2. "What are the twenty-five next best? Of course, opinions differed upon points of detail, some amateurs placing some species on a higher pedestal than others ; but the net result is that the twenty-five best Cypripediums, arranged in order of merit, are considered to be the following :— 1. Stonei, specially var. platyLcnium, Borneo (fig. 86, p. 548). 2. Leeanum superbum, hyb. insigne Maulei X Spicerianura. 3. Morganai, hybr. superbiens X Stonei (fig. 85, p. 545). 4. Argus Moensi, Philippine?. 5. ocnanthum superbum, hybr. Uarrisianum X insigne Maulei. G. cauilatuin, chiefly the vars. C. Wallisi and giganteum, Peru, Ecuador. 7. insigne Chantini, India (Sylhet). 8. vexillarium, hybr. barbatum X Fairieanum. 0. Lawrenceanum, North Borneo. 10. Schriidera:, hybr. caudatum X Sedeni. 11. microcheilum, hybr. niveum X Druryi. 12. Uarrisianum superbum, hybr. villosum X barbatum. 13. Elliottianum, Philippines. 14. Spiceiianurn, Assam. 15. grande, hybr. longifolium Roezli X caudatum. 10. tessellatttm porphyreum, hybr. concolor x barbatum. 17. bellatttlum, Indo-China (see fig. 89, p. 550). 18. Arthurianum, hybr. insigne X Fairieanum. 19. orphanum, hybr. barbatum X Druryi. 20. Curtisi, Sumatra. 21. prrcstans, Malaya. 22. Sallieri Hyeanum, hybr. villosum x insigne. 23. nitens supsrbum, hybr. villosum X insigne Maulei. 24. selligerum majus, hybr. barbatum X losvigatum. 25. Ashburtonia" expansum, hybr. barbatum X insigne. The next best twenty-five : — 2S. Fairieanum, Bhotan. 27. Sedeni candidulum, hybr. longifolium X Schlimii albiflorum. 28. superbiens (Veitchi), Java, Assam. 29. hirsutissimum, Assam. 30. Sanderiamim, Malaya. 31. ciliolare Miteauanum, Philippines, 32. villosum, Moulmein. 33. callosum, Siam, 34. barbatum var. Warneri, Malay Archipelago. 35. Boxalli, id. 36. Crossianum, hybr. insigne X venustum. 37. Charles Canham, hybr. villosum X superbiens. 38. Euryandrum, hybr. barbatum X Stonei. 39. Eldorado, hyb. argus X Lawrenceanum. 40. albo-purpureum, hybr. Schlimii X Domini. 41. marmorophyllum, hybr. Hookera1 X baibatum. 42. Tautzianum, hybr. niveum X barbatum. 43. Germinyanum, hybr. villosum X hirsutissimum. 44. niveum, Moulmein. 45. Rothschildianum, New Guinea. 40. politum, hybr. of doubtful origin. 47. cardinale, hybr. Sedeni X Schlimii albiflorum. 48. calurum, hybr. longiflorum X Sedeni. 49. ls;vigatum, Philippines. 50. Lowianum, Sarawak (Borneo). A large number of these plants have been illustrated in the Lindenia, and we ourselves have given woodcuts of no small number, from which we now select a few of the best to illustrate M. Linden's plebiscite. Other questions were asked concerning the twelve best varieties for cut flowers, and as to what species and varieties should be eliminated from choice collections. The replies to these two questions are too few in number to consti- tute a fair criterion. It must suffice to say that C. insigne, barbatum, and Lawrenceanum, stand in the order named at the head of the cut-flower section, while only six are marked as unworthy of cultivation, viz., C. Bullenianum, C. turpe, C. Mrs. Canham, C. Pearoei, C. venustum, and C. javanicum. Re-Rating of Land in Rural Districts. — A meeting of the committee of the Market Gar- deners, Nurserymen, and Farmers' Association was held on Tuesday last, April 29, at the offices of the Association, 28, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C., to discuss the question of the rating of land in rural districts, and it was decided that a letter be written to the Local Government Board, requesting them to receive a deputation thereon. THE DELL — Of the Orchids in Baron Schroder's gem of a garden we have often occasion to speak, but it would be a mistake to suppose that the charms of this garden are confined to Orchids. One of the most extraordinary and most beautiful things to be seen there at present is a huge bush of the old double white Camellia some 8 yards across, and 14 to 15 feet high. It originally grew against a kitchen garden wall, a small portion of which still exists, but the bush has long outgrown whatever little shelter this fragment of a wall afforded, and without protection of any kind is in luxuriant health and covered with blossom. The Royal National Tulip Society.— What is known as the "making-up " meeting of the members of this Society will take place this day, May 3, at the " Bull's Head," near Manchester, to fix the day of exhibition, appoint judges, and revise the schedule of prizes if necessary. The Turner Memorial Trustees offer the following special prizes for competition at the next show: — For twelve dis- tinct named Tulips, six rectified and six breeders, £3, £2, £1 ; and for six distinct seedling Tulips, three rectified and three breeders, 30s. and 20s. The exhibition will take place, as usual, at the Botanical Gardens, Manchester, and the date will be announced immediately after the meeting. New Zealand International Exhibition, 1890. — We learn from the Otago Daily Times of March 0, that the firm of Messrs. Sotton & Sons, Reading, received the following awards : — First- class : Preserved fodder and substances specially cultivated for food for cattle ; collection of models of vegetables, and of agricultural roots from Nature ; and for collective exhibits a special award of the May 3, 1890.] THE GA BDEXEB S' CHBO XI CL E. 553 First-class. Messrs. Hurst & Sons, Houndsditch, London, and Messrs. Arthur Yates & Co., Man- chester, recei.-ed likewise First-class awards. The French Exhibition.— This exhibition, which will be opened at West Brompton on the 17th inst., promises to be one of great interest. Vegetable products are curiously mixed up in Group 1, with fashions and dress ! British Fruit Growers' Association. —The Duke of Bedford has contributed £25 to the 4s$o- Winchester ; 9, Brighton, Diss, Ealing, Tunbridge Wells ; 10, Birkenhead, Worksop ; 12, New Brighton ; 17, Birmingham (N. K. S.), Helensburgh ; 22, Tibshelf. In the case of Brighton and Win- chester, where the shows extend over more than one day, the date of the first day's show only is given. Daffodil SELECTION.— The Royal Horticul- tural Society has issued a circular asking for infor- mation upon the following points : 1. The best twelve single yellow and bicolor Ajax, for exhibition. 2. The next best twelve (as above). :3 The six best ville. After a preliminary chapter devotid to the history of this wonderful undertaking, so honour- able to the French nation, the author gives a general description of the whole Exhibition, and then in succession gives chapters relating to the preparatory labours, the formation of the parks and gardens, the machinery gallery, the galleries of fine arts, &c, the motor and hydraulic powers, the luminous foun- tains, the electric supply, the Eiffel Tower, canals, lighthouses, the forest pavilion, statistical and other matters — in fine, a complete account, illustrated by no fewer thau 700 woodcuts. We shall take I to. 88. — peach housk T. HURT )N AXD SOV* , (LEY, KENT, (SEE P, 555 I ciation for the purpose of opening a fund for the purpose of preparing and publishing a report upon the present condition and prospects of fruit culture in Great Britain and Ireland. Dates of Rose Shows in the Present Year. — The Rose season is approaching, and in view of this fact, Mr. Edward Mawley, Rosebank, Grfat Berkhatnsted, sends us the following fixtures: — June 19, Rvde; 24, Drill Hall, Westminster (N. R. S.); 25, Richmond, Surrey; 27, Royal Aquarium; 28, Eltham, Reigate ; July 1, Canter- bury, Hereford, Sutton ; 2, Brockham, Croydon, Durslev, Ilitchin ; 3, Bath, Faminghani, Norwich; 5, Crystal Palace (N. K, S.) ; 8, Gloucester, Ipswich, single White Ajax. 4. The six best doubles for general purposes. 5. The twelve best single, for ex- hibition, of all other classes from incomparabilis to Jonquilla (Polyanthus excluded). 0. The next best twelve (as above). 7. The six best Polyanthus for outdoors. 8. The twelve best Ajax for garden effect, having regard to constitution, vigour, and varied season. 9. The twelve best of other classes (as above). The replies will be incorporated with the Conference Report. The Paris Exhibition. — M. Rothschild, 13, Rue des Saints Pires, Paris, has published a dainty yet exhaustive souvenir of the grf.it Paris Exhibition. It ia prepared by M. Henri de Pah- another opportunity of alluding to this remarkable publication, published with all the completeness and care for which M. Rothschild is well known. The Gardeners' Orphan Fund. — The monthly meeting of the Committee took place at the Caledonian Hotel, Adelphi, on April 25, Mr. C. II. Sharman presiding, in the absence of Mr. Georoe Deal, who was unfortunately too unwell to be present. The minutes of the last meeting having been read, a resolution of sympathy with Mr. Deal was passed by acclamation, and the same ordered to be sent to Mr. Deal. The balance at the bank in favour of the fund was stated to be £335 12s. 10<(., in addition to £300 on deposit. The following candidates, 554 THE GABDENEBS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. nominated for election in July next, were accepted, their credentials being found satisfactory : — Alfred H. Budd, Kingston Road, Ewell, aged 8 years. Winifred Jones, Fern Lodge, Atcham, Shrewsbury, aged 4 years. Kobert Jas. Phillips, Eridge Green, Tunbridge Wells, aged 7 years. Arthur J. Rowland, Grange Farm, Crawley Down, aged 8 years. Geo. P. Shrubb, 57, Thurlow Hill, West Norwood, aged 7 years. Susan E. Barker, 31, Prospect Road, Cheshunt, aged 8 years. George Beveridge, 8, Wells Street, Paisley, aged 2 years. Evans E. Kinch, Margam Post, Talbot Road, aged 10 years. Sidney A. Offer, Ashford Terrace, Fordingbridge, aged 6 years. Francis Thos. Bragnt-11, East Coker, Yeovil, aged 4 years. William H. Milne, Walpole Street, Peterborough, aged 2 years. The following candidates, unsuccessful at the last election, were also added to the list : — ■ Frank Butcher ... ... aged 7 years. Bc-ssie S. Deedman ... „ 8 ,, Mary Grieve 10 .. Arthur Lacev ... 4 „ 11. E. Skelton „ 7 ,, Thomas Henderson ... ,, 7 „ making seventeen candidates, from which ten are to be elected. The form of the voting-paper and other preliminaries wereagreed to. A sub-committee, con- sisting of Messrs. A. F. Barron, R. Dean, and B. Wynne, were appointed to arrange the preliminaries of the dianer. Subsequently a meeting of the joint- committee, to carry out the arrangements of the approaching Floral Fete in the Wholesale Flower Market in aid of the Fund, was held, Mr. Asbee pre- siding, the standholders being well represented. Many details were arranged, and it was announced that H.R.H. the Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck, the Duchess of Portland, the Duchess of Abercorn, the Marchioness of Salisbury, and the Marchioness of Tavistock, among others, had permitted their names to be announced as patronesses of the Fete. The proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman. Ccelogyne LowiANA.— The magnificent plant of this Orchid, at Baron Schroder's, measures about 5 feet across, and has at the present time twenty-nine spikes, with an average of thirty flowers to each spike. The rich colour of the lip is aUo remark- able. ODONTOGLOSSUM LILIIFLORUM.— This plant, now in bloom at Baron Schroder's, at first sight is so unlike an Odontoglossum, that it might well be considered to belong to a different genus. The flower-stalk is erect, and bears a many-flowered panicle of lilac-spotted flowers. It is sometimes considered to be a variety of 0. ramossimum. Ware and District Horticultural Mutual Improvement Society.— This Society has held two successful meetings during the past month. The first was held on April 9, R. Walters, Esq., in the chair. Mr. W. Osborne submitted a very practical paper on " Potatos." A capital dis- cussion followed. Some good dishes of Potatos were exhibited by Messrs. Fulford & Adams. A hearty vote of thanks was accorded the essayist. On April 22, the date of thelast meeting, Mr. G. Fulford in the chair, there was a good attendance of members and visitors to hear a paper read by Mr. W. King on " The Greenhouse and its Occupants," and which induced a lengthy discussion. A group of Azalea mollis and Spiraias was staged by Mr. Riding, and some very fine Bausies by Mr. Gii [ Votes of thanks to the chairman and essayist ter- minated the meeting. PARAGUAY. — M. Paul Maury has published a monograph of the Cyperace;c of Paraguay in the Memoirs of the Societc de Physique et d'Histoire Katu- rclle of Geneva, illustrated by numerous lithographic plates. L.IBOCEDRU3 DECURRENS. — The finest specimen of this handsome tree that we have met with, is in the garden of Baron Schroder at Egham. Its rich dark green foliage and columnar habit, apart from more recondite differences, separate it from Thuia gigantea — a name once applied to it in error. Spanish Honduras.— An expedition, under the direction of General Lever, is about to proceed to the Republic of Honduras, to investigate the resources of the country. Mr. James Collins will accompany the expedition, and report specially upon vegetable products, india-rubber and balata. FERNANDO NORONHA.— Mr. Ridley's account of the botany of this Brazilian island, read to the Linnean Society on June 7, 1888, appeared in print in a number of the Journal dated April 5, 1890. Horticulturists accustomed to the rapid publications of the weekly press grumble at the delay in pub- lishing Conference papers in the Journal of the Iioyal Horticultural Society when that delay is only for a quarter of a year ; but were they Linneans, they would have to wait a much longer time. In the present instance, it is not unlikely that the delay was partly caused by Mr. Ridley's absence in Singa- pore. DOUBLE Flowers. — In a communication to the Botaniseh Jaarbock, Professor McLeod and Mr. G. van Eeckuaute, of the Ghent Botanic Garden, have published the results of their experiments made with a view of testing the correctness of some of Dr. Nobbe's conclusions. As we have already noted in these columns, Dr. Nobbe maintained that seeds of Stock (Mathiola), the germination of which was rapid, produced more vigorous seedlings, and, more- over, a larger proportion of double flowers, than in cases where the period of germination is prolonged. The Flemish observers amply confirm Professor Nobbe's conclusions, as is shown by their statistical tables. Similar conclusions, with differences of detail dependent on the different morphological structure of the flower, were observable in Delphinium. Nothing is said about the supposed influence of mites in the production of double flowers, and, indeed, the experi- ments now recorded seem to be inconsistent with any debilitating process such as would be brought about by insect injury. CONSETT PARK. — We mentioned in our issue of April 12, that Mr. Duncan Smith had been en- gaged by the Consett Iron Co., to lay out the park. In justice to Messrs. J. Robson & Son, Nurserymen, of Hexham, we desire to inform our readers that this well-known firm is laying out the park, and supply- ing trees and 6hrubs, Mr. D. Smith being specially engaged to carry out the work. PROTECTION. — In a report to the Chamber of Commerce of Ghent, M. Ed. Pynaert points to the danger looming before the Belgian cultivators by the proposal of the French Government to impose an import duty upon Belgian flowers and fruits in the supposed interests of French horticulturists. FERTILISATION OF FLOWERS.— In the last volume of the Botaniseh Jaarbock, published under the auspices of the Dodonea Society of Ghent, Pro- fessor McLeod gives a list of books aud memoirs relating to the fertilisation of flowers published since the catalogue compiled by Mr. D'Ahcy W. Thompson in 1883, and inserted as an appendix to the translation of Muller's Bcfruchtung. The literature of this, as of other special subjects, has become so vast that, without such aid as Professor McLeod has afforded, it would be quite impossible for any individual to know what has been written on a particular subject. In the present list no fewer than 638 publications are catalogued, the author explaining that the list is not to be considered as complete, especially as regards American literature. A Catalogue of Japanese Plants.— It is not often that we can do more than acknowledge the receipt of a trade catalogue, but we are induced to depart from our usual rule in the case of Mr. Louis Boehmer's price list of Japanese bulbs, plants, seeds, &c. Apart from the intrinsic interest and abundance of the subjects catalogued, a word of praise is due for the singularity and elegance of the catalogue, which is itself a pretty "curio," and is printed on a coarse-grained but very tough yet pliable paper, and enclosed in a coloured Japanese cover. Mr. Boehmer's address is 4, Bluff, Yokohama, Japan. M. HOULLET. — We see in the current number of the Bevue Horticolc an announcement of the death of this famous horticulturist at the age of seventy- five. He was attached to a scientific expedition in Brazil, headed by Guillemin, and was for many years Curator of the Jardin des Plantes (indoor department), under M. Decaisne. His name will be commemorated by the genus Iloulletia. Spanish Plants. — Dr. Miguel Colmeiro, Director of the Botanic Garden at Madrid, has published five volumes, comprising a complete description of all the plants of Spain, Portugal, and the Balearic Islands. The first volume was pub- lished in 1885, the fifth in 1889. Vegetable and Fruit Farming. — Mr. Charles Whitehead has reprinted from the Journal of the Iioyal Agricultural Society a reprint of his hints on vegetable and fruit farming, a useful com- pilation, which may be had from Mr. Murr.u, Albemarle Street. "The Flora of British India.'— sir Joseph Hooker has just issued Part 1G of this most useful work. The present part will be specially valuable to orchidists, for it contains a descriptive account of a large proportion of the Orchids of British India — the remainder will be given in the following parts. Among the genera treated of in the present part are Dendrobium, of which no fewer than 158 species are described. Sir Joseph says that his arrange- ment of the Indian species " is open to much criticism in detail,'' but he goes on to say that " it has entailed many months of labour, and it must stand or fall according to the verdict of those who may use it. The species are divided first of all into two series, those in which the inflorescence is ter- minal (sympodial), and those in which it is lateral. The sections are further distinguished by the "habit" and by the conformation of the flower. Nearly eighty species of Bolbophyllum are described, thirty- four of Cirropetalum, ninety-four of Eria, fifty-five of Ccelogyne, thirty-four of Calanthe, whilst the other genera enumerated have fewer species. There is no one now who has had such experience and such opportunities as Sir Joseph Hooker, whilst no one certainly has such competence to turn the advantages to good account. We may, therefore, confidently congratulate orchidists on the appear- ance of this publication, and look forward with eagerness to its speedy completion. CHINESE PLANTS.— The enumeration of Chinese plants compiled by F. B. Forbes and W. B. Hemsley, in course of publication in the Journal of the Linnean Society, has now got as far as Bignouiaceai. The twenty-sixth volume of the Journal of the Society will be reserved for this useful publication. The newly described species are by Mr. Hemsley. and among them are several of horticultural as well as botanical interest. Publications Received. — Annals of Bird Life, by Charles Dixon. (London: Chapman & Hall, Limited.) — Complete Press Directory Jor 1690. ( London I Shelly & Co , 5, L?a.dephall Street.) May 3, 1SS0.] THE GABDENEES: CHJWN1CLE 555 PEACH GROWING. Whence comes, we have often wondered, the supply of Peaches that are always to be found in fair abundance in our fruit shops ? That they are not grown to anything like the extent Grapes and other fruits are, may be true, and one very rarely finds them to any extent in our market gardens. Is it that Peach growing requires more skill and care, and is a little more difficult to accomplish ? or, is it that their culture does not pay so weilas other fruits ? It must be admitted that Peaches do require some special care and attention at certain periods, and we are afraid that on this account their culture is, to some extent, neglected. That they will pay to grow we have the very best evidence in the high prices that have always to be paid for the fruits. One of the prettiest sights we have lately seen in the fruit way was the handsome Peach trees in their full blaze of floral beauty in Mr. T. Burton & Sons' gardens at Bexley Heath. Peach blossom is always beautiful, and here were several large houses iu full bloom, and altogether charming. We were impressed also by the large size of the blossom, and its great depth of colour, the large size being a good indicator of large fruits to come. Mr. Burton combines with his business as a hot- house builder the cultivation ol Peaches and some other produce for market, and right well they are managed. If extra skill and attention be required in their cultivation, it is here found. The trees throughout are perfect models of health and strength. The first house is a span-roofed one, 220 feet long, the trees trained to a trellis on both sides, and planted about 10 feet apart, every one occupy- ing its allotted space, and in perfect order. We are afraid to say how many fruits are annually gathered from this one house, but some of the fruits, we were informed, weighed over 21 oz. — many of them over 18 oz. In the next house, which is 112 feet long by 21 feet broad, the trees are planted out and grown in the most natural bush form. We have never seen larger or better examples of this mode of growth, the average size of the trees being about 10 feet high and 15 feet across. From one tree, we were told, as many as .'JOO fruits were gathered last year. Originally this house was much smaller, but as the trees grew up, Mr. Burton built another house over the smaller, which was then removed. Mr. Burton commences sending fruit to market early in June. In the month of duly as many as 172 di /• ti bare been sent in one week, ualizing good pric< s. (See fig. 88, p, SILK. Thb Silk Association of Great Britain and Ire- land will in a few days (the Gth inat.) bold an exhibition oi articles of British manufacture, in a large number of specimens, in the mansion, No. 6i St. James's Square, W. Besides manufacturers' galore, many noble ladies, we are informed, will famish specimens of this beautiful fabric, suitable for various purposes, personal and home decoration, and doubtless the necessities of the electric li^'ht now s.i largely employed in the lighting of vl mansions— will be catered for by our more enter- prising manufacturers. And when all is over, pos- siblv the question of Mulberry tree culture as an i economy may once again force itself to the front, as it did in the halcyon (!) days of James I., when George Heriot was a court goldsmith, and eke \ -lender, and to whom the citizens of E lin- burgh are so largely indebted. The question of this new-old culture may safely be left to the decision of those « ho have speculated, and such as may patrioti- cally grapple with it once more — if any such are to be found ; certainly we do not think any large amount of capital would be subscribed now-a-days for i he purpose. This Exhibition will be found interesting from another point of view, and one is the capacity of silks for the illustration of the uses of vegetable fabrics ; and now that walls and ceilings of mansions are panelled with silk, it would certainly appear that efforts are being made to use something more than combinations of colours for such kinds of decora- tion. One may find on the Gth inst. that botany has been subsidised by the British manufacturer. Conventional botanical illustrations have hitherto often been mere rubbish in so far as design was con- cerned, but now many beautiful draperies in silk may be seen ; not always correct, certainly, as to drawing, or in the weaving, and whether of English or French origin is not generally known. And here is the " rub." It is desired to bring silks of English manufacture to the front, as being equal, if not superior to French, or Italian, or Indian, or Chinese, &c. And this effort deserves the hearty co-opera- tion of all patriotic men — and ladies. It is claimed by some, manufacturers we know of, that our dyes — we cannot say very fast ones now-a- days— are unexcelled ; that in the matter of plushes and velvets we stand alone. This may be so ; cer- tainly the qualities are gorgeous. And in the matter of economy, ask our friends in the North — say, by the Clyde side — what they fabricate from the " ends " that were formerly of such little nse — whence they procure these nozles and chenille cur- tains. The gouty threads of Eastern raw silk have stimulated the ingenuity of our inventors, and now the automatic fingers stop the wandering of gouty silk bo soon as a knob is encountered in the process. Very many of our readers will doubtless avail themselves of admission to the St. James's Square ball room, and will judge for themselves on all the matters above mentioned. English ladies, certainly excellent judges in most matters, will fail in this instance. Raw silk from the East is very largely used here — much of it from an uncultivated worm. There are many observers now roaming over the and other places, promising ies, or new sources of supply of articles of l.n iwo value; it is to be hoped that an obseivant botanist or two may be found amongst the com- ni ireial roamer8 who possess an eye to the evolution of silk and the food of the evolutionists. Our Antipodean colonists might find it to their interest to bestow more attention on the culture of the Mul- berry tree and the breeding of the silkworm than they have done. From a recently issued Consular report on the trade of Italy, we glean the following particulars respecting silk. In passing, it may be remarked that, although this document consists of only eighteen pages of letterpress, the compiler bus in ' ..ved away a wonderful amount of I matter. He says:— In the year 1888 1889 over ■ iuintals"(l q. = 100 lb.) of raw silk were exported from Italy, which, together with the amount of cocoons form '.Moths of the product exported under the denomination of materials ue- for industries (about 320,000,000 (jr., or £12,800,000 sterling). The Bilk imported is con- Itly in a very favourable condition, both in B i a iv and in a manufactured state, while the import As to the E '. aspect of the subject, doubtless information could be obtained from the President of the Association, Thomas Wardle, Esq., F.C.S. !••(■ S., Letk. easy way. without referring to bulky scientific trea- tises. The geology of cliffs and downs is one of the many studies touched upon by the author, who by the way admits that he regards the eating of oysters with a " feeling akin to disgust," and tries to shock the " maggoty-cheese-eater and his kin," by an appalling account of the diet of some of these 'animals" which are specially bred for market. Whether vegetables and fruits that have been highly manured are equally revolting, we are not informed. Book Notice, Glimpses into Natures Secrets By E. A. Martin. (Published by Elliot Stock.) A small book, which is partly composed of articles contributed by the author to various magazines. We have seen many similar volumes, but this one seems very pleasantly and readably written, and as it treats of the natural history treasures to be found at certain well-known watering-places, should accompany those travellers who like to improve their holiday by learn- ing a little about the beauties around them in an PLANTS IN FLOWER AT KEW. Cbotalaiua Cokninghamii (Temperate-house). — This is the " Green Bird Flower" of West Australia, where it is found only on the dry, almost desert regions from Shark's Bay to the Gulf of Carpentaria, and southwards towards Spencer's Gulf. Seeds of it were received at Kew five years ago, and from them the plant now iu flower was obtained. It has an erect stem 6 feet high, branched near the top, the branches bearing ovate, entire leaves, 2j inches long, and clothed on both sides with a soft silvery down. The flowers are in erect, compact, terminal racemes, and they are similar in form to the common species, their length being 1J inch. Their most remarkable character is their colour, a rich pea- green, with numerous longitudinal lines of a darker shade on all the segments. There are very few Leguminous plants in which the flowers are large and of a green colour. A badly-coloured figure of this Crotalaria was published in the Botanical Maga- zine, t. 5770, and was prepared from a plant flowered in Wilson Saunders garden in 1869. Stove). — This is probably a new species. It has stems 3 feet high, clothed with the persistent bases of the old leaves. The foliage resembles that of B. purpurea, an old garden plant, introduced as a waif by Dean Herbert, and figured in the 8 ' ■' Magazine, t. 2777. The scape of the unnamed plant is semi-erect, 1 foot long, smooth, green, and one-flowered. The flower is li inch across, and is composed of six lanceolate, reflexed segments of rich vermilion attached to a trigonous green tube three-quaiters of an inch long. The clusters of old flower-scapes on the stems indi- cate a free-flowering character in this plant. The Barbacenias and their near allies, the Vellozias, form an interesting tribe of the Amaryllidem, and many of the species are ornamental. Of the seventy or so species described, scarcely half a dozen have been brought into cultivation. They abound in Brazil, where the Vellozias form conspicuous objects in the mountainous regions, some of them being tree-like in dimensions. Young plant9, live years old, of one of these arborescent species, are in cultivation at K-w, having been raised from seeds presented by ntlj deposed Emperor of Brazil. Collectors il ought to gather seeds of these plants, and of the Barbacenias whenever met with. i , inn ru i stove). This distinct species was introduced from West Tropical Africa in the time Ir. Wilson exhibited a seed- ling from "Scott Wilson," of a deep blue- purple, with a red eye. Plant Diseases.— Rev. C. Wolley Dod gave an interesting account of several diseases of plauts in his garden, and commented on the difficulty of finding curative means, or of hearing of other suggestions than burning. He first alluded to a species of smut (Ustilago) on Primula farinosa, which appeared to be indigenous, as the plants were collected in Lanca- shire ; and although it was grown with P. denticula'a, the smut was confiued to the former species. ..Ecidiuin ficarke had attacked his Hellebores. In this case, a dryer soil was suggested as likely to prove effective in ridding the plants of the fungus. The " Lily spot," due to Polyactis cana, usually appearing late iu summer, hail been seen in April upon Tulips, and apparently the same species ou Daffodils. It was suggested that a mixture of sulphate of copper and quicklime would prove effective, as in the case of Vines, described below. Puccinia Schree'.eri had occurred on Daffodils from Portugal, and also upon the common double sorts. Diseased lines, treatment of, in France, viiib, "Bouillie Bordelaise." Mr. Did read the following communication : — " In the Medoc there are three applications of the treatment. (1.) The first is towards the end of May, when the Vine has produced shoots about 30 centimetres long. At this period the flower of the Vine is not yet opened. (2.) A second application is made at the end of June or the beginning of July. (3) A third, about the first half of August. The first application requires about 2 hectolitres of Bouillie per hectare. The other two, 2i to 3 hectolitres per hectare. With regard to the preparation of the Bouillie, the following is the method employed: — For a 100 kilos. In one tub is put 50 kilos, of water and 3 kilos, ot Bulphate of copper ; in another tub 50 kilos, of water and 2 of lime. The sulphate of copper having been dissolved, and the lime well soaked, the two liquids are then mixed. Cold Water is used and slaked lime. Formerly small brooms made of Heather or Butcher's, Broom were used to sprinkle the liquid on the Vines. Several varieties of syringe are now used. It was at first hoped that the Bouillie would destroy both the mildew and the Oidiura. Up to the present time such has not been the case; and if the mildew is absolutely destroyed by this treatment, the use of sublimed sulphur has to be continued against the Oidium. Sulphate of Iron as a Remedy against the Potato Disease. — Rev. G. Henslow quoted the following passage from a report by the late Professor G. Giulia, of Malta, upon the Orange disease; but bearing on the question of the destruction of vegetable parasites : — " Having watered two Aralias, three Begonias, an Orange, and several Rose bushes, with a solution of sulphate of iron, in the proportion of six grains to one litre; these plants, far from sustaining any injury, seemed to gain intensity of colour to their chlorophyll, and their buds shot with greater rapidity and luxuriance. Towards the end of the past year, Potatos were attacked by Phjtop- thora infestans, to such an extent as to im- poverish and destroy the crop of the greater number of fields, especially in the eastern districts of the island. In a small field adjacent to others infected by the fungus, the ground was sprinkled with the solution, prior to the sowing of the Potatos ; some young plants sprang up, and the crop was so abundant as to astonish the cultivators of the neighbouring fields, who were seized with a longing to adopt the method in question. Not a single leaf of these plants bore the fatal fungus. This was certaiuly due to the sulphate of iron which had destroyed the spores buried in the soil, and rendered the plants so vigorous as to impede the growth of the pernicious fungus." Colours of Flowers, experiments on. — The following communication was received from Mr. Smee : " Some years ago, when experimenting with flowers and plants placed in a weak solution of silicate of soda, I noticed that the plants and flowers were affected by the solution according to their colour. The colours disappear in the following order : — blue, lilac, red, and brown, whilst yellow was the most persistent. Greens behaved according as blue or yellow predominated in its composition. The question has occurred to me whether the white varieties of flowers are not formed among plants in a similar order. We have an example in the blanching of the old flowers of Franciscea. Then May .3, 1890-1 THE 9ABDE NEBS' CHRONICLE 559 again in the poor varieties of Vanda crcrulea, the petals are almost white with very pale blue veiaing. la Cattleya, the colour of the petals and lip disappear, leaving the yellow throat and the pale pink tint (which so often spoils a white Catt- leya from a florist's point of view), as the remains of the red tint in the mauve colour. Therefore, as yellow is so persistent, we cannot expect a C. citrina to appear amongst our white varieties. The white ' crispum' is due to the disappearance of the brown blotches, leaving only the yellow markings on the column ; and in the case of the yellow ' triumphans,' which is a poor form of the ordinary type, the brown blotches are either absent or are in process of disappearance. The only pure white forms of Orchids are C. cristata alba and Dendrobium Kingi- anum album, var. Heathi. ' Primrose with Fallacious Corolla, — Mr. Douglas Bent a plant with the corolla foliaceous ; the cahx was normal. It is a not unconmon form. ROYAL AQUARIUM. This show was htld on Tuesday and Wednesday last, and was a very pretty display, much better and larger than on the former occasion. The success of the exhibition was, li v ever, owing to the trade collections, amateurs being poorly represented. The leading group o* plants was that of Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, who showed a group containing some choice Orchids and tuberous Begonias, and arranged in their usual elegant style; they also had the leading prize for a collection of fine I For a group Iron) which Orchids wire exc'uded, Mr, W, Morle.283, Regent Street, W., was 1st, eho bank chiefly of market flowering plants ; and he also won other prizes, as fur Mignonette, Spiraeas, &c. Messrs. B. S. Williams ,\; Son, Victoria Nurseries, Upper Ilolloway, contributed an extensive collection of plants similar to what was seen at the shows of last week. The Rhododendron Williamsi X, which was included, is a very charming plant. Rhododendrons in pots came from Messrs, II. Lane & Son, Berk- hamsted. .Mr. ('. Turner, Slongh, had some tree Carnations, Mr. W. Gordon, Twickenham, a collec- tion of tree Preonies tastefully set up with Japanese Maples, and Messrs. Chambers, Isle worth, a large bank of their white Viola Snowflake, Messrs. T, S, Ware, Tottenham, and Barr >.v Son. Covent Garden, were in competition for a collect! in of Daff Is, which it was wisely stipulated should be shown with foliage, and were awarded prizes in the order named. Auriculas were a feature, and some good plants were shown. Messrs..!. Donghu I.'. Dean, and W. Henwood were among the chief prizetakers. Mr. Douglas had the best collection of not less thnn fifty, and Mr. C. Turner followed closely. Messrs. Dean and Douglas also showed Primroses and Poly- anthus, &c, in good examples. Messrs. & Son, Reading, had a collection of vigorous Calceo- larias aud some well grown border Auriculas. The pi i unit Auriculas were Nellie Hibberd (alpine), from Mr. Douglas, a large flower of rich port colour and brilliant yellow centre; the show variety being Prince of Greens (Trail), from Mr. (J. Wheelwright. MANCHESTER ROYAL BOTANIC. 1 . i mi. 29. — The Society held its second show of the season in the Town Hall, in conjunction with the National Auricula Society. An Auricula show of itself is not very conspicuous in such a place as the Town II ill, but take n together with the various exhibits which Mr. Findlay has managed to pull together, it makes the whole interesting, and the details more than usually attractive to the lover of spring flowers. With the view of forming a setting to the general cut Bowers and other contri- butions, there were sent up from the Botanical Gardens a lot of miscellaneous flowering and foliage plants, comprising Palms, such as Kentia and Cocos, some well grown and finely coloured Dracrc- nas, some l'andanads, and the robust Grevillea, which when in half specimen, such as with its arching pinnated leaves is not the least valuable plants for decorative work. In addition to these, we single the Kubiaceous, leathery-leaved Kudgea macrophylla, which was loaded with pyramidal umbels of flowers crowded together to form more of a pyramidal than a globose head as it is generally characterised. With its white stamens springing from the base of the petapetalons flower, it is beantifnl to look upon, and possibly is one of the best inhabitants of the stove that could he recommended for general culture. Along with it were seveial good Orchids of the villose lady-slipper kind, as well as a f< w Cattleyas and Lrelias. Nestling in front of some of those examples of greenery above described, was a really meritorious collection of the Primula Sieboldii, in varied colours. The cortusoides form of the Primula iace is a capti- vating subject, and when one looks at the short peduncles and the crowd of umbels above, it seems almost as if the exhibitor was playing a freak, such as practised by some exhibitors of long-leaved Hyacinths, doubling them down to take the eye. There is nothing of this sort, however, and every- one was pleased with the Queen of Whites, the alba magnifica, the Chinese Primrose-looking Mrs. Geggie, Harry Leigh, Mrs. Ryder, and others, varying in shade of colour from rosy-purple down to white, comprising most of the intermediate shades. These set a nestling among a group of Pteri8 serrulata in its crested form and Maiden- hair, and were confronted with a batch of Beacons- field Primroses, in variety of shades of yellow, set amoDg the common moss, looked very charming indeed. A Silver Medal was awarded. Mr. Sam Barlow sent a tine contribution of Poly- anthuses and Primroses in various colours, aud in fine umbels. R S. Williams & Sons had a neat group of Orchids, containing one of the best Odontoglossum lu'o-purpureum we have seen, some of those La lies-slippers, which are in every collection now, the best of which was a variety of caudatum ; and a rather interesting form of Epidendrum, called inver- sum. The yellow Cattleya citrina was beautiful, and the Amaryllis and (Uveas were showy and good. B.irr & Sons, Covent Garden, had a lot of Daffo- dils put up among leaves, the best of which, outside of well-known and showy marketable sorts, were Burbidge's Ossian and poeticus poetarum, along with a very fine one, with a good safl'ron cup, named conspicua, and some Tulips, Frittilarias, Tri- teleias, &c. Mr. William Owen, Northwich, had a very choice lot of general things, particularly a Cattleya Men- delii, which had the most prominent lip we have seen, and in every respect one of the best of its class. Another good plant was Dendrobium Wardi- auiini, with twenty-four blooms on one growth. His charming double examples of border Polyanthus, called Queen Victoria, called forth general enco- the truss is so large, and so double, and the gold edging is very pronounced. Dicksons, Chester, put up a very striking collection of Daffodils. The pale yellow concolored Dr. Hogg is good, and the deeper yellow maximus, along with Palstaff, Queen of England and bicolor grandis, &c. Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait put up a nice contribution of cut Narcissus and superfine Tulips, Proserpine and Gesneriana being striking sorts along with a lot of cut border flowers. Messrs. Dickson & Robinson had also a good lot of spring flowering bulbs, their Tulips being very clean and striking to the eye. An excellent form of Dendro- bium Wardianum called 15 mrdmani variety, with about a 3 feet pseudobulli, the top half covered with flowers of more than ordinary richness, well merited tin' special certificate awarded. The proprietor is Mrs. lliidgiti.son Louden. The Auricula classes were fairly well-filled, and the examples were of about an average character. In the class for six dissimilar varieties, Rev. F. Horner was 1st, with Miranda, George Lightbody, Monarch, Mrs. A. Pott, Kichard Headley, and another, Mr. Lord, Todmorden, was 2nd; and Mrs. Penson, Ludlow, 3rd. For the best pair, Rev. Mr. Horner was again 1st, with Mrs. A. Pott, Rev. I . Homer, Magpie, and George Lightbody ; Mr. Irving Henn was 2nd, and Mr. Lord .'Srd. The best pair came from Mr. B. Shipley ; Mr. Middleton and Mr. Shaw following. The best flowers were A. Middle- ton and Mayflower. The best grey-edged flower was George Lightbody, from Mr. Lord ; the best green- edged was Attraction, from Mr. Horner; and the best white-edged was Acme, from Mr. Shipley. The alpine Auriculas are much more showy than the named show sorts. The "dusty miller "-like character and the dullish colour of the trusses in a town hall look a bit dingy at the best. The alpine sorts lift the eye a little above the common ruck in that way. Mr. J. Beswick, Mr. II. Euggie, Mr. Lord, and Rev. Mr. Horner had the chief prizes. There were others not much behind, such as Mr. Sam Harlow, but prizes after 3rd are not counted for much among horticulturists generally. The 1st prize lot was grandly grown, as if in manure, judging by the foliage, and the trusses, and size of individual flowers. Three unnamed seedlings and a sterling one called Emir, stood out conspicuous above their fellows. Other good ones were Queen Vic- toria, John Bull, Sensation, Diadem. John Leach, Scarlet Gem, and Lord Lome. A very beautiful one named Sir Trevor Lawrence, but not fully developed, was shown by Mr. Barlow. Polyanthuses in their several classes were poor — very poor indeed ; most of them evidently had been wrenched out of the border and stuck in pots lor show purposes. This will not do in the times we live. The best we noted were Black Knight, Cox's Prince, Cheshire Favourite, and S. Butterworth. The double Primroses, particularly the crimson velvety double one almost lost to commerce, was fine iu Mr. Barlow's stand, and so were the com- moner double white and double lilac. It now remains to notice an extraordinary col- lection of flowers sent by Mr. Joseph Broome from his garden at Llandudno, comprising thirty or more distinct kinds, all from the open ground, and in- cluding Mignonette in large trusses or spikes, Poses, Preonies, Centaurea montana, Primula cashmeriana, Marguerites, East Lothian Stock, Iris, Gentiana acaulis, &c, all bespeaking to Manchester people the purity and salubrity of the atmosphere in which they were grown. The day was good, the attendance fair, increasing as we left the hall to pen the above remarks. ANCIENT SOCIETY OF YORK FLORISTS. This body held its lirst show of the season on April 21, at the Guildhall, the public being, as usual, admitted free— a privilege of which a large number of people availed themselves. The arrangements were admirably made, and an excellent show was made. Over 500 specimens were staged by some twenty exhibitors. The display of Hyacinths was exceptionally fine, upwards of 200 pots competing. All the blooms were of good quality. There was a fair average collection ol the show varieties of Auri- culas and Polyanthus, good beads of Tulips in pots, and excellent specimens of Polyanthus and Nar- cissus. The new rules of the Society for restricting Auriculas and Polyanthus to pots not exceeding 1 inches, lent uniformity to the exhibition. The chief winner in the classes for Auriculas and Poly- anthus was Miss Steward, who was closely pressed by others. Dr. Baker took all the 1st prizes for Tulips, and most of the premier honours for Hya- cinths, including a prize given by Messrs. Clues Bros., of 23, Market Street, for six Hyacinths, dis- similar. Other exhibits consisted of Chinese Primulas, Cyclamens, Cinerarias, Spirams, stove and greenhouse plants. The next show will be held on May 28. Florists- Flowers. CAULESCENT PHLOXES. I shall not readily forget a display of these hardy flowers which I saw in the Rev. F. D. Horner's garden, Lowfielils, last autumn, and whose agreeable fragrance floated over the whole extent ol the same. One may well ask how such a tine display was obtained, for the plants do not always produce such fine heads of flowers on stems 4 and 5 feet high. Mr. John Eraser used to produce such heads at Lea Bridge, many years ago, and may probable do so now. A plant so hardy and easily grown as the Phlox is apt to get neglected, and one form of neglect is to let the plant grow a long time in one place, and form a thicket of stems, quite exhausting the soil within range of the roots, and, as a conse- quence, the spikes increase in numbers, and the flowers decrease in quantity and in size in each umbel. I have been tempted to make these few remarks because most persons would be delighted to own a collection of Phloxes in strength and vigour ; more- over, the present is a suitable time to propagate by means of cuttings. The plants may be very easily raised from seeds, but the seeds should be sown on a mild hotbed in February, or at least not later than March 1. The young plants Boon appear, and should be pricked out in boxes, and when established inured to the open air soon afterwards. These seed- 560 THE GA n D E N E If S ' C 11 If 0 SIC L E. [May 3, 1890. lings when planted in rich soil at about a foot apart will, in most cases, flower the first year. Cuttings may be taken now, these should be shoots from the old stools, and should be planted singly iu small pots ; plants so raised will flower by the end of the year. Or the cuttings may be planted in a border of fine sandy soil; they will root and pro- duce plants strong enough to flower well next season, but not to flower much in the present one. The way to produce strong flowering plants, is to trust to cuttings, they are easily propagated, and the plants strike flower strongly the second year. The soil may be trenched and manured heavily. Avoid pro- pagating the plants by division ; this is an easy way of increasing the stock, but the best results can only be obtained by seeds or cuttings. The plants should be about 2 feet apart. J. Douglas. The Weather. [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright SUH. a t» Accumulated I a 1 % § . T'S M P 3 H 1 *'~ J5 A i '■ -.- 1 1J si's* 1 1! Is a + S r fWP h- 3 II §i i* < n « Z z H Pm Ph Ddv- Day- Day- Day- lOths deg. deg. deg. Inch. l Oav. 31 1j 4- 59 — 50 6 + S3 18.0 30 2 Oav. 39 12 + 13 - .7 2 + 69 9.4 41 28 3 2 - 37 9 + 15 — 84 3 — 60 5.8 37 24 4 3 - 41 7 - 0 — 32 Oav. 66 6.7 30 30 5 2 — 43 7 - 19 1 — 59 6.2 24 26 6 2 — 40 o + 2 - 61 9 + 62 8.3 18 25 7 1 - 35 + 30 - 611 6 + 72 15.7 39 27 8 2 - 35 3 + H - 74 1- 68 9.7 29 26 9 1 — 44 0 + > + ie 9 + 69 11.7 30 32 10 1 — 39 2 + 3 — 42 Oav. 10.0 42 29 11 Oav. ii + 12 - 7 oav. 74 14.1 45 33 12 1 — 52 0 + 17 - 22 7 + 72 10.2 19 36 The districts indicated by number in the first column aie the following : — Principal Wheat- producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. ; 2, Scotland, E.; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. ; 5, Midland Counties; 6, England, S. Principal Gracing Ac, Districts — 7, Scotland, W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9, England, S.W.; lu, Ireland, N.; 11, Ireland, S. ; 12, Channel Islands. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending April 26, is furnished from the Meteorological Office : — " The weather during this period has been very changeable and unsettled — at times bright and fine, at others dull, with somewhat heavy falls of rain and local showers of hail. Thunderstorms were expe- rienced in many parts of England towards the close of the week. " The temperature has just equalled the mean in the north and east of Scotland and the south of Ireland, but in all other parts of the kingdom it has continued rather low for the time of year, especially over the east of England. The highest of the maxima, which were recorded either on the 21st or '22nd, ranged from 67° in 'Ireland, S.,' and 63° in England, E.,' to 58° in ' Scotland, N.,' and ' Scot- land, W.,' and 5G° in the 'Channel Islands.' The daily maxima during the latter part of the period were in many instances below 50°. The lowest of the minima were registered either on the 25th or 26th, and varied from 27° to 29° in Scotland, from 28° to 30° over Ireland, and from 30° to 35° over England. In the ' Channel Islands ' the thermometer did not fall below 41°, " The rainfall has been a little less than the mean over the north of England, and about the normal amount in Ireland, as well as in ' England, E.,' but more in all other districts. Over southern and south-western England and iu the 'Channel Islands' the fall has been heavy. " Bright sunshine has been very little prevalent over southern England and the Channel ; but in most other parts of the kingdom an increase is shown. The percentage of possible duration ranged from 45 in ' Ireland, S.,' 42 in ' Ireland, X.,' and 41 in ' Scotland, E.,' to 24 in the ' Midland Counties.' 19 in the ' Channel Islands.' and 18 in England, S.' " 2 o- f, i Markets. CO CENT GARDEN, May 1. A steady business all the week, with supplies equal to demand. Another arrival of Tasmanian Apples to hand, but making lower prices. Hothouse goods in fair supply. James Webber, Wholesale Apple Market, Fbuit.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d. t.d. I i. d. I. d. Apples, J-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — Nova Scotia, brl. 12 0-25 0 | — Tasmanian, caselo 0-20 0 I Grapes, new, lb. 5 0-7 0 Lemons, per case... 12 0-20 0 | Vegetables.— Average Retail Prices. i. d. t. d. i. d.t.d. Asparagus, English, Mustard and Cress, per 10 12 0- ... \ punnet 0 4-... Beans, French, lb. ... 2 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 6- ... Beet, red, per dozen 10-20 Parsley, per bunch... 0 6- ... Carrots, per bunch... 0 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 6- ... Cauliflowers, each ... 0 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 0- ... Celery, per bundle ... 16-20 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 6- ... 16 Spinach, per bushel... 6 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 6- ... ... Brussel Sprouts, pr lb. 0 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 0- ... Turnips, per bunch, new 0 4- ... Melons, each ... 2 u Pine-app es. St. Mi- chael, each Strawberries, lb. . Cucumbers, each ... 1 u- Endive, per dozen ... Herbs, per bunch ... 0 4- Leeks, per bunch ... 0 3- Lettuces, per dozen... 1 «- Mushrooms, punnet 1 6- POTATls:— In consequence of colde Potatos have had a tendency to rif 7s. Qi. per ton in many instances, heavy, and late prices have been ma weather prices for Old )— an advance of es. to Arrivals of New fairly ntaiued. J. B. Thomas. Plahts n» Pots.— Average Wholesale Prices. Aralia Sieboldi, dos. 6 Arum Lilies, per doz. 8 Aspidistria, doz. ...18 — speci. plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Cineraria, per doz.... 6 Cyclamen, dozen ... 6 Cyperus, per dozen . 4 Dielytra, per doz. ... 9 Draceena terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Krica Cavendishii. per dozen , Euonymus, in var., per dozen Evergreens, in var., per dozen :tt. t.d doz. i; Hi. 'us elastioa, each . 1 %* Bedding plants i 0-18 0 Foliage plants, 0-12 0 ous. each 2 0-10 0 0 42 0 Genista, per doz. ... 8 0-12 0 6-10 6 Heliotrope, per doz. 6 0-90 0-3 0 Hvdrnngeas, doz. ...12 0-18 0 0-10 0 Liliums, various, per 0-18 0 dozen 18 0-3! 0 0-12 0 Lily of the Valley, p. 0-12 0 ' doz. pots 12 0-18 0 Lobelia, per dozen ... 5 0- 6 0 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Mignonette, per doz. 5 0-90 Musk, per dozen ... 4 0-60 0-48 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-18 0 — per doz 12 0-24 0 Roses, various, doz. 12 0-24 0 0-24 0 — (Fairy), per doz. 8 0-10 0 0-24 0 Saxifrage, per doz.... ie 0-34 0 0-18 0 Solanums, per dozen 6 0-12 u 6-7 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 ■iety in boxes, and also in pots. Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. t.d.s. d. t.d. t. d. Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-40 "6-20 i 0- 6 0 Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 Bluebells, doz. bun. .10-20 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Callaeethiopica,12bl. 3 0-50 Camellias, white, per dozen 2 0-40 — various, per doz. 10-20 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20 Cowslips, < . bun. French, per bun. 1 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 Narcissus, various, doz. bun 1 Pelargoniums, scarlet, 12 spr 0 — dozen sprays... 0 s, 12 bun.... 0 1 6 Primulas, double, 12 sprays Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 4-0 Daffodils, 12 bunches 3 0-60 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 Eucharis, per dozen 4 0-60 — coloured, dozen. 2 Gardenias, 12 blooms 16-40 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10 Hyacinths (Dutch), per box ... ... 1 6- 3 0 Lilac, white, Fr., bun. 4 0-60 Lilium, var., 12 bl.... 2 0-60 Tulips, doz. bunches 3 Lily of the Valley, — (Dutch), inboxes, 2 doz. sprays ... 0 6- 1 0 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 Maiden Hair Fern, — French, bunch ... 1 12 bun 4 0-90 — Parma, bunch ... 3 Orchid-bloom in variety. — French, dozen — red, per dozen ... 2 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 Tuberoses, 12 bi 6-0 9 0- 1 6 0-3 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 6-10 0-6 0 6-2 0 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 SEEDS. London : April 30. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, write that very little business was done on the seed market to-day. Red Clover seed steadily maintains the late advance, owing to the support derived from the American and Canadian markets. French Ked Clover is also the turn dearer. Several purchases of Trefoil are being made, as the new crop is badly spoken of. Alsike and white remain as previously reported. Italian and perennial Kye-grasses are still wanted. Spring Tares are now very scarce. Rapeseed is dearer. Mustard unchanged. Blue Peas in better demand. Canary firmer. Hemp seed fully as dear. COBN. Averages. — Official statement of the averages of the prices of British corn, imperial measure, for the week ending April 2b' : — Wheat, 30s. 4d. ; Barley, 29s. 2d. ; Oats, 18s. Gd. For the correspond- ing period last year :— Wheat, 29s. Id. ; Barley, 24s. 5d. ; Oats, 17s. Sd. FBUIT AND VEGETABLES. Spitalfields : ^i>ri7 30.— Plentiful supplies of green vegetables. Scarce supply of fruit— demand fair. Abundant supplies of Potatos— demand very heavy. Prices :— English Apples, 4s. to 7s. Gd. per bushei ; American Apples, 18s, to 26s. per barrel ; forced Rhu- barb, Is. 3d. to Is. dd. per dozen bundles ; natural ditto, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Seakale, Is. Sd. to Is. 9d. per punnet; Cabbages, 2s. to 3s. Gd. per tally ; Cauli- flowers, Is. 3d. to 2s. per dozen ; Spinach, Is. to 2s. per bushel ; Sprouting Broccoli, Is. 3d. to Is. 9d. per sack; do., 9d. to Is. 3d. per sieve; Greens, 2s. Gd. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Spring Onions, 2s. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Carrots, Is. Gd. to 2s. Gd. do. ; Parsley, Is. Gd. to 2s. do. ; Mint, 2s. to 3s. do. ; Horseradish, Is. Id. to Is. \d. per bundle ; French Radishes, 2id. to 3<^. per dozen bunches ; Beetroots, -Id. to Gd. per dozen ; Endive, Is. 3d. to Is. Gd. do. ; Cabbage Let- tuce, Is. to Is. Gd. do. ; Mustard and Cress, Is. 3d. to Is. 'Jd. per dozen baskets ; Leeks, 2s. to 2s. Gd. per dozen; English Onions, 10s. per cwt. ; Egyptian (Alexandria) Onions, 8s. to 9s. per cwt.; Carrots, 10s. to 26s. per ton. Stratford : April 30.— Supply has been good during the past week, and a fair trade was done at the following prices : Cabbages, 3s. to 5s. per tally ; Greens, 3s. to 3s. Gd., loose ; ditto, 2s. Gd. to 4s. per dozen bunches ; Cauliflowers, Is. Gd. to 2s. per dozen ; do., Gs. to 10s. per tally ; Turnips, 2s. to 3s. per dozen bunches ; Carrots (household), 30s. to 40s. per ton ; do. (cattle feeding), 15s. to 18s. do. ; Parsnips, 3d. to 8d. per score ; Mangolds, 12s. to 17s. per ton ; Swedes, lbs. to 20s. do. ; Onions, Egyptian, 9s. to 10s. per cwt. ; Kadishes, 8d. to 9 OF At. I. NURSERYMEN ANIi SEEDSMEN. To proven) disappointment, insist upon having the "ACME." Sole Proprietors and Manufacturers, THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL CHEMICAL COMPANY, Tunbridge, Kent ; & Carlton St., Bolton, Lancashire. Agents in Ireland. — W. Drummond & Sons. 58, Dawson St., Dublin; Walter Cakson & Sons, 21, Bachelor's Walk, [inhlin ; Alkx. Dickson & Sons. 55. Koyal Avenue, Belfast; MoKENZTE & SONS. Limited. Agricultural House. Camden Quay, Cork. CARSOlsTS^AIMT OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil Mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, Ac. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL. E.C. BACHELOR'S WALK, DUBLIN. -Discount for Cash. 562 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. THE "STOTT" PATENT INSECTICIDE MANURE DISTRIBUTOR. CHEAP, SIMPLE, and EFFECTUAL. THE "STOTT" PATENT SPRAYER, Giving a Mlst-Uke Spray ; cannot choke. PRICES :— DISTRIBUTOR— 3 Cells, 17/3 ; 4 Cells, 20/- ; 5 Ce lis, 21/- 6 Cells, 23/-. SPRAYERS— No. 1, 5/- each ; No. 2, 4/- each. "KILLMRIGHT" INSECTICIDE — 2 lb., 1/9; 4 1b., 2/9; 61b., 3/9; 141b.. 8/9; 281b. 13,-; 561b., 25'-; 1121b., 40/-. •' FEEDMRIGHT" FERTILIZER— 1 lb., 6rf. ; 21b., lid. ; 31b., 1/4; 71b., 2/3; 141b.. 4/2; 281b., 8/-; 561b., 15/-; 1121b., 25/-. The "Stott" Fertilizer-Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. BENTLEY'S WEED DESTROYER. Mr. E. Molyneux, Swanmore Park Gardens, writes : — "I am much pleased with the Weed Killer. In addition to killing the Weed effectually, the gravel on our paths is rendered particularly bright by its use." For further testimony, prices, and full particulars, apply to the sole maker, JOSEPH BENTLEY, Chemical Works. Rarrow-on-Humber, HULL. "ill PEAT !!! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. PEAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND, SPHAGNUM, COCOA FIBRE REFUSE, CHARCOAL, &c. A First-class Stock of FOREST, FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS. RHODO- DENDRONS, &.-. PEAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS&CO.,TheOM-estnblished Peat Depot. Ringivood. Hants. AMATEUR'S PLANT FUMIGATOR, Forwarded on receipt of 3s. 6rf. in Stamps or Postal Order. J. WILLIAMS, 361, NEW CROSS ROAD, LONDON, S.E. GARDEN REQUISITES. COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE, id. per bushel; 100 for 25s. ; truck (loose, alwut 2 tons), 40s. ; 4-bushel bags, id. each. LIGHT BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. M. per sack ; 5 sacks, 25s. ; sacks, id. each. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 6s. per sack, 6 sacks, 22«. ; sacks, id. each. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. lid. per bushel ; 16j. per half ton ; 26s. per ton, in 2-bushel ba^s, id. each. YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, PEAT-MOULD, and LEAF- MOULD, Is. per bushel. SPHAGNUM MOSS, 8s. id. per sack. MANURES. GARDEN STICKS., VIRGIN CORK, TOBACCO CLOTH, RUSSIA MATS, ic. Write for Price LIST.— H. G. SMYTH, F.R.H.S., 21, Goldsmith's Street. Drury Lane .lately called 17a. Coal Yard}. W.C. NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton. in bags. Lots under 10 cwt., 4^. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bug sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of lleports : — NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLES, FRUIT, &c— C. Fiuler, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says:—" I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C. J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says :-olcan strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first- rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the 5 years during which I have freely used it, I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, ic. — W. G. Bailey. Nurseries. Beiley. used it for Roses. Tomatos. and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article. ' A. F. Barron, Royal Horticultural Society, says :— ■• With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, ana easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO.. Limited, 29, New Bridge Street. IiU, Uri.irs. London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &c. may be obtained. Agents wanted. PERFECT" SUMMER SHADING Supersedes all Others withou-i i.hjch NONE IS GKNUIKE. For SHADING GLASS ROOFS of ALL KINDS. Is tno Cheapest. Goes four times as far as the old preparations. Note its merits described below. Messrs. Carlton, Contractors for the painting of the Glasgow Exhibition of 1888, write: — "By order of the Directors we applied this Shading to the glass roofing of the Glasgow Exhibition, and foimd at advantages over all other preparations had met Being applied cold it was most con- venient to use. and while it resisted the action of the rain the whole season it was at once easily removed by gentle rubbing after wetting. It afforded a cool and pleasant time admitting an abundance of light." Is. ; 2-lb. tin, 2s. Post-free, A\d. extra. shade, at the Price.- l-lb, 1 lb. makes naif a gallon for use "PERFECT" Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation on "Walks, Carriage Drives, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, Ac. Used at Ketc Gardens, Royal Horticultural Gardens, more Tobacco Paper, with its dangerous agreeable fi CAMPBELLS FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE Fly. Th ipe Spider, in th= eas mo=t harmless way to Flowers, Fruit, or Fo the necessary quantity is used. The best of all Insecticides f Orchids. Try it. In'Rolls for houses of a capacity of— 100 cubic feet, 500 feet, 1000 feet. 2000 feet, , , 8d. 1/- 1/3 2/3 poswree, CXIBRAN. Oldneld Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12. Mark Street Manchester. GARDEN REQUISITES. Two Prize Medals. Quality, THE BEST in the Market. (All sacks included.) COCOA-NUT FIBRE REFUSE (by Chuhb's special process), sacks, Is. id. each; lOsacks, 125.6'/.; In sacks, lls.tjd., 20 sacks, 20s. ; 25 sacks, 245. ; 30 sacks, 275. ; 40 saeks, 355. ; 50 sacks, 40s. ; Truck-load, loose, free on rail, 305. Limited quantities of G., special quality, granulated in sacks only, 25. 6d. each. GENUINE ORCHID PEAT, 8s. ad. per sack j 5 sacks, 40s. ; BEST BROWN FIBROUS PEAT, 5s. per sack ; 5 for 22s. 6d. BLACK FIBROUS PEAT, 4s. 6d. per sack ; 5 for 20s. COARSE SILVER SAND, Is. ad. per bushel ; 14s. half toil ; 24s. per ton. Yellow Fibrous Loam. Compost, Leaf and Peat Mould, Is. per bushel. Tobacco Cloth or Paper, Is. per lb. Special Manures, Peat-Moss Litter, Crushed Bones, Virgin Cork, &c, &c. Write for Price List. Terms strictly Cash with order. CHUBB, ROUND & CO., West Ferry Road, Mlllwall, London, E. Bankers— Smith, Payne. Jj- Smiths. EESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 25. 6d., 5s. 64., and 10s. 6d. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13s. By all Seedsmen, ornpplydirect to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. O MARKET GARDENERS, &c— To Grow Fine VEGETABLES and FLOWERS, Gardeners should use SULPHATE of AMMONIA. One trial will prove the great value of this Manure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It. can be applied either separately or mixed with ordinary Stable or Farm-yard Manure. Rose Trees and Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with a weak solution once or twice a week. Instructions on application, post-free. Price free on rail, at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 lb. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield lias Company, Sheffield. "ROSIKA" Trade Mark Registered. Effective, Harmless. Promptly clears Roses and all plants from green fly, caterpillars, spiders, and other insect pests. It recommends itself to all who have tried it for its efficiency, pleasant odour, the facility with which it is applied in application; so that anyone, however particular, i it. and it is always ready for use. Price Is. Sold i its cleanliness unfa F. SCHUTZE & CO., 35a, Aldersgate Street, London, E.C. Apparatus for use of Rosika, 3 Bizes, Is. '.">., 3s., and is.Gd. GISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to a ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is., 3s.. and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade. Wholesale From PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. May 3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 563 B0ULT0N & PAUL, NORWICH. No. 60. -PORTABLE PLANT PRESERVER. 13 ft. by 3 ft. 3 3 0 | 12 ft. by 4 ft. 3 19 No. 73.-New Span-roof GARDEN FRAME. I ft. l.y ti ft. £.! 15 0 | 12 ft, by 6 ft. £:. i; .; 8 ft. by 6 ft. 4 7 6 I 16 ft. by 6 ft. 7 7 * All Frames made of selected Red Deal, painted three times, and lights glazed with 21-o/.. British Bheef glass. CJCUMBER F-!AME LIGHTS. 6 ft. by 4 ft.. glazed and painted ... 15*. each. Unelazed and uopainted 6s. each. east Prices. Carriage raid on Orders of 40s. value. No. 74. -THREE-QUARTER SPAN GARDEN FRAME. WINTER GARDENS. CON5ERVATORIE GARDES FRAMES IN" , and GREENHOUSES In all styles. GREAT VARIETY. 12 ft. by 6 ft. £4 S u 16 ft. by 6 ft. 5 10 0 WALL FRUIT TREE PROTECTORS. HAND LIGHTS, PROPAGATING GLASSES, &c. CATALOGUES of all our Manufactures, includ- ing Horticultural Buildings and Appliances, Iron Buildings, Poultry and Kennel Requisites, &c. 99 Tfi*ot HIGHLY CONCENTRATED MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. For rue in the CONSERVATORY, GREENHOUSE and VINERY; FLOWER and KITCHEN GARDENS, the HOP-YARD, and the ORCHARD, / ally Titled by 'Practical Gardeners. A ■ '■ yei Invented. Testimonials and all Particulars Free on application. PRICES Carriage Paid to any Address : I Pint, \.s.6d.\ LQaart,2i . Hal., 3s. ; I Gal., U.M.; 2 (ials., 8s. 6d. ; I u;iU., 1 L*. Special Quotations for Larger Quantities, SOLE IN\ I N fORS iii PROI l:ll "KS:- DEIGHTON & CO. BRIDGNORTH. TRADE MARK. CUPROLENE THE INFALLIBLE Weed Killer. 16 ig 0 12 0 12 0 2 gals rree, St. 6' J !] l'»»l l s unple Tin, tin free, 2 i ( nver. n i Proprietors, DEIGHTON & CO.,: BRIDGNORTH R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT- WATER ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDOLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries, Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, constructed on our improved plan, are the perfection of grow tag bouses, and for practical utility, economy, ami durability < annot be equaUed, We only do one class of work. and thai i fu tt kv bi n , Conservatories and Winter Oardona d sign 1 architecturally I withou <»' -inyooeoat of oxr Inn, B * Hot-water Heating Apparatus ■ m i liable Boilers, erected, andsucceaa jjuaranteed all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, fie, always m stock Plans, Estimate* awl Catalogues free. Customers waited on Our Maxim i MODERATE CHARGES FIRST-CLASS WORK t any part rj the Kingdctx. THB BEST MATERIALS. TRY THE NEW "TENNIS" LAWN MOWER. A beautifully designed, well constructed, and almost noiae- leafl Machine. Durable, easy to work, aud eminently suitable for the Tennis Ground, and also for Ornamental Gardening. Gearing \% encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are Jj Me, FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd., Mowers. 16,000 sold Bince 1809. Price LISTS on application. GORTON, MANCHESTER. tS° To be obtained from nil reapeotable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom, or, if any difficulty ie experienced, direct from the Manufactory. GA li I) E N R E Q U I S 1 T E B~^- Sticks, Labels, Virgin Cork, Raffia, Mats, Hum too Canes. Rustic Work, Manures. &c. Cheapest Prices of WATSON LHSSOULL, 90, Lower Thames Street, London, fi.O. 564 THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. ii Tilt NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. w HAS AN OPEN STEEL ROLLER. 24- ine/i machine with- out assistance. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do fine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. There is no easier orking, no better lished, no stronger, ■e durable mower n the market. To be obtained through all the leading Ironmon- gers and Seedsmen, or CUTS 2 *£"lNCH E&sr* from the Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL &, CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. CHEAP FRAM E S. £ s. 2 0 3 2 4 15 8 10 PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. KHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station iu England 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 casei 6-light frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FREE. Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Holloway Road, N. PROTECT YOUR CARDENS. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out iu all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 50 sauare yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEO. ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, RYE, SUSSEX. Established 200 years. w.hLASCELLES&co, HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, 121, BUNHILL ROW, LONDON, E.C. SIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s. Twelve Carte Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Eight- inch Enlargement, 3s. ; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Original. FRANCIS AND CO., 29, Ludgate Hill, London, E.C. HORTICULTURAL A Large Stock p T AQQ always on Hand. ULxi-OOi Special quotations for quantities. WHITE LEAD, OILS, AND COLOURS At lowest possible prices. NICHOLLS & CLARKE, 6, HIGH STREET, SHOREDiTCH, LONDON, E. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, PEACH HOUSES, &c. Plans and Estimates Free. HELLIWELL'S PATENT IMPERISHABLE GLAZINC WITHOUT PUTTY, FOR GREENHOUSES and all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. YARDS. RAILWAY STATIONS, and every description of ROOF COVERING. Saves all Painting and Puttying and Breakage, and is absolutely Watertight and Free from Drip. No more expensive at first cost. All Houses can be taken to pieces anil re-erected. References given to works in all parts of the country of many years' standing. Designs and Estimates Free, and Measurements taken Free of Cost. Testimonials. •• Shirbum Castle. January 5, 1890. " gIR<_As you requested my opinion of the houses which you erected for me some 4 years ago. I beg to inform you that I con- sider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to many of my neighbours.— Yours truly (signed) Macclesfield." "Hornby Castle, Lancaster, February, 1890. " Major Foster has much pleasure in stating that the vineries and forcing houses which were erected by Mr. Helli- well in 1884. continue to give perfect satisfaction, both to him- self and his gardener." "Estate Off.ce. Ripley. Yorkshire, January 23, 1890. " Sir Henry Ixgilby has much pleasure in stating that the glazing work executed by you, under your patented system, at the Ripley Castle Gardens," has been in every respect entirely satisfactory. The work has stood its 8 years' wear and tear ex- tremely well, and has hitherto cost nothing to keep it in repair." HELLIWELL, 9, Victoria Street, Westminster. STEEL FENCING WIRE of all kinds, Barb Wire, Hav Bands, Wire Netting and Fencing Materials. Wood's Patent Wire Mattresses. Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd., WARRINGTON. RANSOMES' At the Jubilee Meeting of the R.A.S.E., Windsor, HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN and H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of PRUSSIA each pur- chased a Ransomes' Lawn Mower. Mowers Month's Trial. Carriage Paid LAWN MOWERS, The Best In the World. In all sizes to sui " NEW AUTOMATON," •' CHAIN AUTOMATON,' " NEW PARIS," " EDGE CUTTER," BANK CUTTER. every requirement, the Best Gear Machine, the Best Chain Machine, the Best Small Machine, the only one of real servi the Beat for Cutting Slope: THE BEST PONY and HORSE - POWER MOWERS. Orders executed promptly by all Ironmongers. RANSOMES, SIMS & JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. Ask your Sundriesman or Ironmonger for A PR1L-SHOWEK WATERING-POTS, Xi- Curtis's Patent, or obtain them direct from Patentee. For Damping Down, Sprinkling, &c, these Pots cannot be equalled. Catalogues post-free on application. W. CURTIS. Arcade, Ipswich. HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and KewjGtardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom, the test of forty years' trial. Requi applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. 6rf. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, 1*. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 18, or Has stood mixing ; can be , Every Cask bears the above C A. U T I O Jy . Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL, & SMI TH, Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, B.C. ; 47, Dawson Street, Dublin. "V COALA The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. HENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL.-The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to any railway station This coal is absolutely smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of fuel, burning for twelve hours AT LEAST without any supervision, and giving from five to ten degrees more heat than coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's Offices, ••'",, Lime Street, London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern Western, and South- Western districts, from Messrs. O R CARTER and SON. Coal Exchange. E.C; and for the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL AND CO., Coal Merchants, Oreeuwich, S,E. May 3, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 565 By Her Majesty's 'IkIBSx Royal Letters Patent. RENDLES Patent CONSERVATORIES, PLANTHOUSES ORCHARD and STOVE HOUSES, &c. &c, GLAZED on the INDESTRUCTIBLE SYSTEM. Fruit Walls converted into Orchard Houses on the above simple and most efficient system, from 20s., 24s., 36*., 30*., to 3is. per foot run, according to the height of the wall and width Patent "Alexandra" Span-roof Plant HouBe. Forother information gee Idu.tratcdC.it. Design, which can be obtained from the Inventors and Pal tntee . "W. EDGCTJMBE RENDLE & CO., Westminster Chambers, 5. Victoria St , London, S.W. CONWAY C. WARNE , Successor to v \,JOHN MATTHEWS/1) The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE. FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN THE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousand* of Testimonial*. PRICE LISTS I HUH. ANTHRACITE COAL. Uuiversnlly acknowledged the best fuel for Horticultural purl «. For Lowest quotations apply E. T. BUSSBLL am. in , 60, Wharfdale Road, Kmg'sCross.N. Established 1K46. TANNED NETTING for Preserving Fruit -L Trees, Flower lleds, &c„ from the frosl 1 blight, 35 square yards for 1«. Cao t -■ seni any width on approval. Carnage paid on all orilers over "''. Hundreds of testimonials. OEORUE ROBINSON, Fish Merchant. Rye, Sussex. TANNED NETTING, fur IV.-.s.-rving I'ruit Trees, Flower beds, fcc., from Frost and Blight I 35 10. U ir.' yards for U„ sent any Width. Carriage paid on all or-l.-r- over 5j. I do not require payment till you have receivi I md approved of the Netting. Note the ado HY. JOHN QA38QN. Fi»h Merchant. Rye. EXTRA STOUT strong-tanned NET, 2 yards wide, \$d. yard ; -I yards wide, 3a*. yard ; or 2 yards « ide IPs, per 100 j I yards wide, 20s. per 100 yards. NEW TWINE NET1INO. 1 yard wide, 2a*. yard; 2 yards wide. I,/, yard ; 4 yards wide, Hit. yard ; 12 yards wide, 2s. yard. CO! I' in NET, nine meshes to square inch, 1£ yards wide. Id. yard run W.CULLINU FORD, 127, Field Road, Forest <. at., I,"„,d.,n. E. SHANKS'Sr^rlAWN MOWER THE ORIGINAL LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE-EDGED SOLE PLATE, Enabling the Cutting Parts to last twice as long as in other Machines. These Machines are atz sg ad substantial ".I rerj easily worked. They make the Lawn like velvet.' ami are not liable to get out of order. Illcstratkd Cikci'lars, with full par- ticulars of Machines (from 25s.), for Hand, Pony, and Horse- power, sent free on application. NEW LIGHT MACHINE. WILL MOW VERGES ROUND FLOWER BEDS, &c VERY EASY TO WORK. Prices and Particulars on application. GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. ALEX. SHANKS & SON, Dens Ironworks, Arbroath, And 110, Cannon Street, London, E C. A Large stock of all Biz-i of Machines always kepi in LoirpOH, where Repairs are also executed by experienced workmen. iDDRi -- tor Repairs:— 6, Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. 21-oz. and 18-oz. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 ieet ami 200 feet super. English Glass, rut to buyera'eizes. at loweetprioea. delivered free and mad In the country, in quantity. "HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS. Lkad. Glass. Oil, and Colooh Merchants. 84, St. John Street, West Smlthneld, London, E.C. Stock Lints and Pt Plea.se quote CJlwanWi. / MOST EFF'CTIVE I SAF£ST TOBACCO PA?^ " Improved It only Genuine Medicated" To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists J BLACK l',( i;\ and SONS areofferingAroh- • angel Mats lower than any other I s,. in the trade; also Petersburg Mats, and Hat Bags, Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper and Shading. I'm , . I,.,-, | and ... Wormwood sin-.. I. E.C. ' H Y. VAN & CO., 25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E. PROTECTION for FRUIT ami FLOWERS. GARDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, 1},/., or per 101) yards, Ms.; ditto, i yards wide, id., or per 103 yards, SOs. SCEIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, 3d., and 3 yards, id. per yard. TIFFANY, .'!*. In wid, . in 2o yard l 'es, .:■ Hit per] e. 17011 SALE, a GOLD MEDAL 1JOI I.Kit A- and Fittings, capable of Heating from 500 to 800 feel of Piping, in pood condition. Price, £10 10s. For particulars. Mr. CURRY, Milford HiP. Salisbury YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospect us of the SCIENTIFIC DRESS CUTTINt) ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 15 Lines . . £0 8 H 5 „ . 0 3 6 16 „ . . 0 'J 0 6 „ . 0 4 0 17 „ . . 0 0 ri 7 „ . 0 4 6 18 ., . . 0 10 0 8 ,, . 0 5 0 19 „ . . 0 10 fi 9 ,, . 0 5 6 20 „ . Oil 0 10 „ . 0 6 0 21 „ . 0 11 ti IX „ . 0 ti (I 22 „ . . 0 12 0 13 „ . 0 7 0 23 „ . 0 12 fi 13 „ . 0 7 6 24 „ . . 0 13 0 14 „ . 0 8 0 25 „ . 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOB EVEKV ADDITIONAL LINK. If set across two Columns, the lowest charge will be If set across three Columns the lowest charge will Page. £8; Half Page. £4 10s. ; Column, £;!. Gardeners and others Wanting Situations. 28 words, including name and address. Is. 6d.. and 6d. for every additional line (about 9 words) or pari of a line. THESE ADVERTISEMENTS MUST BE PBEPAID. This scale does not apply to announcements of Vacant Situations, which are charged at the ordiuary scale. IMPORTANT NOTICE.- Advertisers are cautioned against having Letters addressed to Initials at Post-offices as I so aititressed are opened by the authorities 'and returned to the sender. IllKTiis, Pea tits and Mahriaqes, 5s. each insertion. Advertisements /or the current Keek MUST reach the Office by Thursday noon. All Subscriptions Payable In Advance. The United KINGDOM : 12 Months. 153.; 6 Months 7b. 6d. : 3 Mouths, 33. 9d. Foreign (excepting India and China), including Postage, 17s. 6d. for 12 Months; India and China, 19s. 6d. Postoih.e orders to be made payable at the Post Office 42, DRl'RY LANE. W.C to W. Richards. Publishing) Office and Office for Advertisements, tl, Wellington Street, Strand, London. W.C. Death and Disablement by Accident. THE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' -a. issl It INCK COMPANY Assures £101111 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. EVELYN Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income, £250.1100. 80.000 Annual Policy-holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £285,01)0. Compensation paid, £2.750,000. West End Office 1—8, Grand Hotel Buildings, W c. Head Officer— 61. Comhill, London, B.C \V. D. MASSY, )0 J. VIAN, ^Secretaries. MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. New Edition, corrected up to date. TMH COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of 1 GARDEN OPERATIONS, liy the late Sir JOSEPH Paxton, m P, Reprinted trorn the <-<4: ten year-*' experience. Inside and Out. Two years present place. Good character.— G. B , 41, Wellington Street Strand, W.C. ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 23; understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, &c. Nine years' experience Inside and Out. Good references.— S. MELBOURNE, Wingtield Park. Pentrick. Derby. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Thoroughly experienced in all branches. Three and a half years' good personal character from present situa- tion.— G. B., 11, St. James's Terrace. Muswell Hill, N. GARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 22, single; understands Greenhouse, Flower, and Kitchen Garden Work. Good character —BLU.NDELL, West Lodge, Addington Park, near Croydon. GARDENER (Single-handed, or good Secosd).— Age 2», married; twelve years' practical experience in all branches. Excellent references from present employer. Abstainer.— J. LEECH. 28, Laud Street. Croydon. ARDENER (Seconi.i. or good Single- handed.— Experienced in all branches. Good testi- monials. Abstainer.— F. SAUNDERS, 25, Moxon Street, High Barnet, Herts. /7J.ARDENER good Second, in Gentleman's VJT Place. — Good knowledge of all brandies. Good character. Total abstainer.— G B., St. Leonards, Wallingford, Berks. ARDEXER (Second), Inside and Out, where three or more are kept.— Age 38; lhr.-e years' 1 character from last situation. -W. LAWBANCE, Bridge I. East Molesey. G GARDENER (Second). -Age 34 ; eight years* experien Out. Good recomm. from last employer.— A, TROTr. 2, Chase Cottage-, i Ore. a, Great Malvern, Worcestershire. GARDENER (Second), Age V&, married, -even as Florist, five in l'n Excellent character.— Apply. first instance, GARDENEB, The Home- stead, Hornsey Lane, Highgate, N. GARDENER (Second), where three or more kept, 01 g I i ■ its' ezpe Good character.— WM. COMBER, Bobin Hood Farm, lutney, S.W. GA R I) E X E R (Sbcond)" or FIRST JOtrBNErMAN under Foreman, in a targe Batablish- ment. — Three yea Good re- ference. — w. II. SHAW, Amblecote Road, Brlerl; B r\ ARDEXER (Second), or JOURNEYMAN \J in the Hon* - . ige 23, id ;li R Phti Deodars Gardens, Fdeopham, Kent, can witl afiden mend a thoroughly industrious young Mm as above. Fire years' good character. C1ARDENER (1 ndbr), or Single-Handbd. * A-'1 racter. Inside and Out.- J. BENNETT, 74, Men ; H GARDEXEI! (Under), as Third, wh. -re four or live :ire kept.— Ige 20i fouryears' good character, Total abstainer. -I. si'l.K, Watergohe, near [it Somerset. GARDENER (Under), all or part ol [ndoors.-*-Age 21; excellent references. — W. CROSS, Gardener, Hotham House, Brough, Yorks. ARDENER (Under). \_-.- l'I, single ; good character. — G. HIGG9, Priesthill, Engletield G GARDEN El!. (Under), wishing to improve. —Age 80; bee present situation two years, un I previous five, EDWIN GEORGE, Holmer, Hereford. GARDENER (Under), where three or four are kept.— Age 20; six years' experience Inside and Out. Good character, I. I', [lie Cottage, Jping, Midhu-st. Sussex. GARDENER ( CJnder). - ige W; Pony not objected to, and willing to be useful. Two years' character. — (i., Bailey, 51, Del&ford Road, South ifrrmomUey. ARDEXER (Under). —Age 19; three years at Messrs. Veltcl. & Sons, two and a half years jinvilf service K. 1)1 \, L'O, Widham < .rove. 1- ulham. GARDENER (I ni.kr). \^- ]-; knowM** of Inside and Out. Three years in present situation. Good character.— S. WICKS, Bucklund Recory, Betchworth, Surrey. GARDENER, in small place, where another 11 kept, or FOREMAN in Urge Establishment.— Age 26; well experienced all round.— W. PK ITT, East Parade. Horsham. Sussex. G.ARDENEU, EOREJl \N,or good Second, in good establishment, Age 27. single; twelve years' experience. Good references.— T. BONNER, Gardens, Peper Harrow Park, Codalruing, Surrey. f. „ To Nurserymen. 'OREMAN, or WORKING MANAGER, where experience is required in Grape. Cucumber, Tomato, and Plant Growing, Cut Flowers, fcc— W. N.. Gar- deners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. T^OREMAX, in the Houses, or General. — Age e_ 23; eight years' experience in first-class establishments. Can be well recommended.— J. CHILD, Houndswood, St. Albans. OREMAN.— J. Frisby, Gardener to the Right Hon. E. Heneage, M.P., Hainton Hall, Wragby, can confidently recommend William Breed as Foreman, having been with him four years. FOREMAN.— Age 2"; ten years' experience. Well up in Fruit, Plants, and Orchids. Last eighteen months at Dover House, P.oehampton.— J. BROOKS, 12, Cpcerne Road, Chelsea, S.W. To Nurserymen. T^OREMAX (General or Department). — JL Age 30, married ; practical, reliable, energetic ; seven- teen years' experience in the Cultivation of General Nursery Stock, Execution of Orders, &c. Nine years as Foreman in the Principal London and Provincial " Nurseries. Special knowledge of Herbaceous and Alpine Plants, also Conifene. Clematis, and Florists' Flowers. Late Chrysanthemum Grower and Herbaceous Plant Foreman at Messrs. Laing & Sons', Forest Hill. Excellent testimonials from past cm- ployers.— ROBT. HAMILL. :», Canterbury Road, Catford. S.E. FOREM AX, or Second. — Age 24 ; ten years' experience; good references.— H. DEAVILLE. King's Bromley Manor, LicnAeld. TjTlREMAX, or Second, in Private Establish- A. ment.— Age 27; Good general experience. Highest references. Where no bothy.— T. COUSINS. The Gardens, Monks Orchard. West Wickham. Beckenham. Kent FOREMAN, or Second. — Eleven years' ex- perience in Palaii, Ferns, Stove and Greenhouse Plants in general, and Hardy Herbaceous Stuff. X o N N Y, 11. Thenthouse Road, Lower Sydenham, S.E. To Nurserymen. PROPAGATOR, or PROPAGATOR and X GROWER.— Roses, Rhododendrons. Conifers), Clematis, Stove and Soil no 1 le 1 Stuff. First class r.-f.-r , . WATERS, Coombe Nursery. Kingston Hill, Surrey. ROSE GROWER. Agi ■::>, married ; igbly experienced in Forcing good Bloom for • Private Business. Good references.— C„ Gardeners' , 11, Wellington Street, Strand, \v.<\ Jul RNE5 M \.\ (First), in the Bouses Age 26; abstainer. Bight year 1, liotliy preferred.— J. thoi;i;i KV ::_.'. Prospect Road, Sydenham, S.E. Jul EtNEYMAN (Eirst), in good Establish- ment.—Age 22; six years' good experience, Well recom- mended from present and previous emelovers.— .1 GREEN is, Efford Park, Lymingtou, H 11 loi RNEYMAN.— Age 20; five years' -x- tt perience Inside and Out. First-clan hart tei Ibstainei —J. II. KEMP.Gwrych Castle Gardens, Abergele, N. ,rtli Wa'ee, J Ol KM A M \N, in the Houses. Age 33 ; good references. —GEORGE PLUMTREE, Stoke Roch- ford, Urantham, Lincolnshire. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; eight years' experience Inside and Out. Two years' good character from lait place.— J. BROOKES, 1, Sprlngwells, Abergavenny, Monmouthshire. JOURNEYMAN, Trade, or Private Place, 111 or near London preferred.— Age 10. Seven years' ex- perience. Good references.— GEO. MITCHELL, Kingskerswell, Devon. JOURNEYMAN. Young man requires a situation, Married, age 24; nine years' experience in Orchids, Good character.— Address, 80, Bnmaby Street King's Road, Chelsea, S.W. JOURNEYMAN, in (iood Establishment. t) Age 21; three mid a half years' good character frt The Hard.' from i in be ii ghlj n ommended.- W, BOWLES, s, Cherhley Court, Leatherhead, Surrey. JOURNEYMAN, Inside and Out. Good establishment ; age 80, It. Silk Irishes to recommendhis Son. Active and willing. Six years' experience. Excellent testimonials. Bothy preferred. Small premium.- WhiteNesa Gardens, Margate. JOURXEYMAX, in Houses. — Well up in the Cultivation of Outdoor Nursery Stock; good. Rose Budder, with a knowledge of Indoor Work. References to show sobriety, honesty, and Industry.— C. ADAMS, 18, Hath Street, Ilkeston, Nulls. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, or In and Out; age 21. — .1. Hahkmt, wishes to recommend a young Man who has been with linn live years. Four years' previous good character. -J. HARKETT, The Gardens, River Home, Hampton Court. Middlesex. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses in good Establishment.— Age 21 ; seven years' experience. Has served six years at Uicton in all branches. Twelvemonths in last situation. Highest references.— GEORGE FREEMAN, Qtterton, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. JOURNEYMAN in Houses, or Second where three or four are kept.— Age 24; six years' good character. Bothy preferred.— WILLIAM THORNTON. Danbury Palace, Chelmsford, Essex. JOURNEYMAN, in good establishment.— t» Experienced. House and Table Decoration if required. Bothy.-HORTPS, The Gardens. Lilystone Hall, Ingatestone. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Strong, age 19 ; -a- five and a half years' experience Inside and Out. Bothy preferred.— W. B., Bosworth Hall, Rugby. TMPROVER, in the Floral or FToraT'andSeed A- Trade.— Age 21. Highest references. — H. F. CRUMP, Kingsdon, Taunton. TMPROVER, under Foreman, Inside.— Age 18 ; w reS6. £vSrs' ,eiPer'«ne.e Inside and Out. Bothy preferred.— W, CHARMAN, Seale, near Farnham. Surrey. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— A geT9 ; strong, T vrarC7Tolra«?d,Wo",inf'^Three and a haIf J*"8" <*«acter.- J. FITZJOHN, 2, Pike's Cottages, Arkley, Barnet. TMPROVER, in Gentleman's Garden, or Good eiS'™?f 19L five year3' eiP">«i"'. Good character. —GARDENER, Prestbury Court, Cheltenham. TMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age IS ; strong A- and active. Four years' Nursery experience, Inside.— Mate wages and particulars to W. RICHARDS, Woodmaneote Dursley, Gloucestershire. rpO NURSERYMEN. — Advertiser, age 25, J~ nine years' experience, can be well recommended to take c ciree .it H,.n..ij C *_.. * i ,. ..... charge of Houses. Ferns, New ton A Country preferred. — H. COWIE, The "le, Acton. rFo NOBLEMEN and GENTLEMEN. —Mr. -*- W ARD, Stoke Edith Gardens. Hereford, can strongly recommend a strong active young man (age 2.1), for Flower or Kitchen Garden, or both. Bothy preferred. rFO GARDENERS.— Wanted, a situationTin J. a Gentleman's Garden by a young man (iu*e 20) five years goo.1 character and experience.— C. LOUDON, Swallow- held, Reading. rPO GENTLEMEN.— Wanted, situation in X Gentleman's Garden by b young Man Cage 19>. Two (Ainm xpenence; strong and willing.— E. HOjUD, Simpafield n, Surrey. rpO GARDENERS.— Thos. H. Sutton, X Queen's Street, Westliilds. Retford, reoiiires a situation for Ins Son (age 17), under a good Gardener Two years' ex- perience; well educated; strong, and willin.- to learn Slate 'TO GENTLEMEN. — Wanted, by a strong X Youth, a situation in a Gentleman's Garden, where he can lie Inside and Out. Three years' good character. Abstainer —A, TALBOT. Strawberry Cottages, Hanworth, .Middlesex. rPO GARDENERS.— Youth (age 17), requires -L a situation under a good Gardener, where he would Lean Gardening.— Apply, stating premium, toW. JOHNSON I he Crosses. I g Sutton. I -olnshire. rPO GARDENERS.— A youth (age 17) requires i i " ,s,'","t!10" umU'r a K00'1 Gardener.-W. W„ Mill Green Lodge, Beddington Corner, near Mitcham. ,^ ,,To Seedsmen, Nurserymen, and Florists! OHOPMAN, WAREHOUSEMAN, or KJ SALESMAN. - Age ;17 ; twenty-four years' practical experien, e. Goutl references as to ability, &e.. from lend firms. I. W, QREOORY, 51, Bayst Terrace, Victoria Fark Cambridge Heath, E. CHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT. — Age 24 : •sJ thorough knowledge of the Seed and Bulb Trade Accus- tomed to a pushing business. Eight years' experience with a large Retail Firm.— DEVOIR, 41, Wellington street Strand, W.C. OHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 22 ; "six ks_7 years' experience in Seeds, Bulbs, Plants, Flowers, &e Good references. Book-keeper. Warehouse no objection — J. C, 67. Cleaveland Road, Surbiton. 'T'O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a young Man, a -a- situation ; well up in Floral Decorations, Bouquets, Wreaths, Crosses, &c.; also Knowledge of Plants. Two Languages. Good references. G. H., Mayer, 111, East Terrace, Lower Sydenham, S.E. 'T'O FLORISTS.— Wanted, by a^oung Lady, -L an engagement as Improver, in the above. Had twelve months' experience. I.ll In, use. K. W . , It dl lie's Farm Turner's Hill, Sussex. TO FLORISTS. — An engagement wanted by a young Lady (age 19). in good class Business as Second or third hand.— G. S., E. A. Watkins, Florist. Bournemouth. rPO FLORISTS, or FRUITERERS and -I- FLORISTS.— Young Lady seeks re-engagement; five years last situation. Good reference. Age US. — (MLB. 08 Birohanger Road, South Norwood, S.E. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.— Pure Blood.— When the Blood is pure, its circulation calm and equable and the nerves well strung, we are well. These Pills possess a marvellous power in securing these essentials of health by purifying, regulating, and strengthening the lluids and solids llnlloway's I'llls can he confidently recommended toall persons suffering from disordered digestion, or worried by nervous fancies, or neuralgic pains. They correct acidity and heart- burn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of the liver, and act as alteratives and gentle aperients. The weak and delicate may take them without fear. Holloway's Pills are eminently Serviceable to invalids of irritable constitution, as they raise the action of every organ to its natural standard, and univer- sally exercise a calming and sedative influence. 568 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 3, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of event Highest Prize in all cases of competition, and they are the only Mowers m constant use J at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. Patronised by— HFR MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE (Jl'EI-'.N on many occasions, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE 11F WAXES, THE KING OF THE BELGIANS. Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA, *—*» .W** .£* -e-jj-^m-jiw-^ ^ Sold e year 1866, up .. ... i . ..- i; .:,...! t... .;„,.-,,,, ,1< l.nve In-en received, testifying tn lli'-ir siipenorin o\ t r .111 one rs. ... all cSses have carried o_ff the Highest Prize that has been given. 1 y Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, June 3 tO 7, 1881. The -Journal of Horticulture" of June H. sags :— "MOWING MACHINES.— Alter a critical examination the Silver Medal was granted to tin- old firm of world-wide fame, Messrs. T. Green & Son. of Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished, it is quite unnecessary to give any description of them." And thousands of unsolicited Testimonials have beei: Thev have been submitted to numerous practical tests in Public Competition, The following are their Advantages ^^t^^^^^^C^^^^^^n&^ 2nd. They are worked 6th. They will cut 4th. They make little SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. ither short or long Grass, wet or dry. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price, can be worked by I £i 15 0 a Lady ... \ do. do. 2 10 0 do. bya strong youth 3 10 0 do. by a man ... 4 10 0 do. do 5 10 0 LAWN MOWER. *To cut 22 inches, e. •To cut 24 inches, 1 be worked by two 1 DOUBLE-HANDED To cut 16 inches, can be worked by one man j. £B iq 0 on even lawn ... J To cut IS inches, do. man and boy... 7 10 0 To cut -'ti inches do. do. ... 8 0 0 These Mowers are the " Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme " of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. For PRICES of DONKEY, FONT, and HORSE MACHINES, see LIST. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse Special quotations made for Rollers, 3 feet, 3£ feet, and 4 feet Diameter, fitted with Shafts for or two horses. If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 305. extra. SPECIAL.-A FEW TESTIMONIALS OUT OF THOUSANDS RECEIVED. &* ROYAL GARDENS, WINDSOR, January 28, 1890. To Messrs. GREEN & SON, Limited. Dear Sirs, la sending you the enclosed order for Lawn Mowers, I think it may be interesting to you to know that I am still using the Horse Machine you supplied in the year 1856 ; it is in perfect order even now, which is a proof that the workmanship is first-class, aud speaks for itself. As to your " Hand Silens Messor," no Lawn Mowers could give greater satisfaction either to myself or to the men who work them — they are un- equalled. During the season I have them daily in use in the Koyal Gardens here, and never have the slightest trouble with them. Your machines are also the only ones I have in use at the Private Gardens, Hampton C mrt Palace ; the Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park ; Cumberland Lodge, and the Koyal Pavilion Grounds, Aldershot. I shall feel a great pleasure in recommending them to all my friends. I remain, dear sirs, yours very truly, THOMAS JONES. IW Mr. J. R. STIRLING, of the ROYAL GARDENS, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, writing under date Feb. 21. 1890, says :- " Aa regards the work your 42-inch Horse Machine does (which two years ago took the place of the one you supplied in '63), I may say it is kept 111 coustint use here from February uotil the end of the mowing season, aud continues to give the greatest sntfst'ai'tion. It is tlie best Machine I know for good work and durability, aud your ' Hand Silens Messors* also excel all others. We have no' other Law n -Mowers in use here, and I always recommend them to all my friends who inquire about Lawn Mowers." Bathersden, Ashford, Kent, June 14. 1878. Gentlemen.— Your " Silens Messor " Mower, 20-inch, works splendidly. It is a mosfperfect machine, and beats the old 20-inch o'ne that for so many years did my work without repairs. I recommend your machines, and never see any .hang such good w i toi I shall show nil I will the show them the S. M. at work, and I am, yours truly, W. H. MOLD. Kintbury. Hungerford. April 20. 18»3. Sirs, — I shall be glad of alist of your Lawn Mowing Machines priced. I am glad to mention that I bought ore of your 14- inch machines 22 years ago. It has had hard and rough usage everg gear since, aud only on Monday was it put quite out of use by the snapping in two of the driving wheel under the hammer. It is surprising to think of the work it has done, and done well. Yours faitlifully, Messrs. Green. Leeds. ALFRED T.'BAZETT. Wellingborough, February 4, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. Gentlemen,— "I have sent you our Lawn Mower for repairs, which please have done to it. I have used your machines for 2-i years, ami I find them more durable and do their work better than any other machines I have sri«n. I am, gentlemen, vours truly, DAVID PERCIV'AL, (Gardener to VV. Rlott. Esq ). Cottingham, Hull, February 13, If MU. To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited, Leeds. I am instructed by Arthur Harrison. Esq., of Northgate House. Cottingham, near Hull, who has had one of jour 36-inch Horse Mowers in use over 20 years, and ask whether you think it advisab e to send it for repair or have a new one, for it is as you may suppose now getting worse for wear. Kindly say per return, and enclose Price List. I am, gentlemen, vours truly, JOHN BAYNTON. Ivy Bank, Broadway, Worcester, April 13, 1884. Gentlemen,— Some fifteen or sixteen years ago, I had from you one of your 12-inch Lawn Mowers which, I may say. has from that day to the present time given perfect satisfaction, and goes as easily, aud does its work as well now aa it did at first. I have recommended yours a since. I am, y Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. C the best 1 mrs faithfully, FRENCH HARTLEY. GREENS PATENT "MULTUM IN GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. The Best Marker made ize with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, iize for Clubs and Larg Grounds, price £1. GREENS PATENT GRASS EDCE CLIPPER Size and Price, 7 inches wide, 7 ins. diam., £1 16s. Packing Case. 3s. Specially designed to meet ivant which has long been t in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c, and do away with the tedious operation of cutting with shears. (S° A very useful and serviceable Machine. Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. 77te largest stock of Mowers ktpt bg any manufacturer is to be found at our London Establishment. SURREY WORKS. BLACKFRIARS ROAD, where Purchasers can make selection out of several hundred Machines of Hand, Pong, and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied the same dag as theg are received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B.— Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS, AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, &c, &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS GREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. Editorial Communications should be addressed to " The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to " The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden, London. W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the Office of Messrs. BRADBURY, Ag.vew. & Co. (Limited). Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— Saturday, May 3,1890. Agent for Manchester— John- Hkywood. ESTABUSHED No. 2576. No. 176—Vol. VII. {££} SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1890. fRegt. as a Newspaper. / P R I C E 3d* (.WITH SUPPLEMENT. \ PoST-FHEE, 3Ju\ CONTENTS. Acalvphas 576 Miltonia veiillaria at African forest, a great ... 586 Merton : ,- Apiary 688 Narcissus Prodigy 580 Arpopliyllum giganteum 578 Naylor's, Mr. .1. Nursery :,.-.■. Beans. Scarlet Runner ... MKI Nitrogen, fixing of free, Beauty, what is it? B78 by plants ;,-- Botanicul Maqanne os,. Obituary : — ('alanine rnbeDs 576 Cheetham, J Mil Chrysanthemums at Flood, J 591 Chiswick 585 Nasmyth, J .1-.; Coonibe Wood 577 Robinson, J 591 Crinum purpuraacens ... Ml Woolley, D 591 Dahlia season, the 590 Orchards, rating ;,-n Diacrium bicornut inn ... 579 Orchid-bouses 583 Diervilla Middeodorfiana ;.-! 578 Do ronicum plant- .. al .Mr. Bull's 581 .-•77 Pergularia odor it 57B Edinburgh Exhibition ... ;.;;, Petnea volubilis 577 Epacris 591 Plant portraits 589 Foreign correspondence . ,, structure ami culti- Fruit pests 585 vation -i Fruits uniier glass Plants and their culture :-■ Gardening apiss Pteris enaifbrmis 578 Ins, spring-flowering ... :■;; British Fruit Growers 591 Kitchen garden Linnean .,-', Leaves, economic uses of ..-,, Scotti-h Horticultural 591 Lettuce, wintering 591 Strawberry Noble 590 London Purple .■,.-:, Temple Show. tin- ' :.s. Trees and shrubs MH Market gardener .,-.-, Trees in their spring attire i Mushroom culture ..;;• 589 ILLUSTR AT IONS. Chrysanthemums at ChU rick. (Supple,,;, Diervilla Middendorflaiia -i Gaylussacia frondosa Ml Hive frames I- is peraica 577 ., Roaenbachiana 577 Trullle, the red, of Hath.. 589 „ the false Advertisers are sperially requested to note, that, under no circumstances whatever, can any particular position he guaranteed fur ad- vertisements occupying less space than an entire column. THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE IN AMERICA. The Subscription to Ameiica, including Postage, is gl.30 for Twelve .Months. Agent for America:— E. H. LII1I1Y. Manager, "The American Garden," 10, Spruce Street, New York, to whom American Orders may be sent. OYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. GREAT FLOWER SHOW, in the Gardens of the Inner Temple, MAY 98 and 29, 1890, Schedules nni full particulars to be obtained on application to the SECRETARY, al I be Offices Of the Society. 117. Victoria Street, s W. Applicat for Spa.-., to Exhibit to be made to Mr. A. F. BARRON. Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick, not later tliHti Saturday, .May 24. ROYAL I! OTA N I C S OC I 10 T V Gardens. Regent's Park, N.W. FIRST summer EXHIBITION 1 1 PLANTS and FLOWERS will take place on WEDNESDAY, M.iv 14. Schedules of Prizes, &■„ to 1 btameil ut (lie (liir.lens. ROYAL AQUARIUM, Westminster. GRAND EARLY BUMMER EXHIBITION, WEDNESDAY and THI'RSDAY, Muy 21 and 29. Valuable Cash Prizes. Schedules and all particulars of WILLIAM HOLMES. Frampton Park Nurseries, Hackney, !■:. ROYAL UOTANICAL and HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY of MANCHESTER. The GRAND NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL EXHIBITION of 189' Will open on FRIDAY the 23rd inst., at 2 P.M. For s, bedules, &c . apply to the mnl'-rsie-ned— BRUCE FINIiLAY, Botanic Uardens, Manchester. Sow In May. SUTTON'S IMPROVED DOUBLE GERMAN WALLFLOWER A magnificent strain, including many beautiful colours which are not obtainable from ordinary seed. Plants dwarf and robust in habit, throw- ing up large dense spikes of deliciously scented flowers. Very easy of cultivation. Six varieties, separate, 3s., mixed, 1». m. pel packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON AJTP SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. FOR SALE.— Two TREE FERNS, fine and s-rowa Specimens, in good Condition.— Pnrt: ulare, with height, size, and price, from IRELAND jjtd riloMso.N. Nurserymen, Edinburgh. PELARGONIUMS. — Ertra strong, healthy, bushy plants, showing bud ; Show. French, and Decora- tive kinds, byname, in is and 82-size pots, I2<. and 16i. per . • • . and lOOf. lier 100. Boxes and pinking fn with order.— JA8. HOLDER Aim SOU, Crown Nursery. Beading. FUCHSIAS, str-uncr and wrll-root.-il, in ."id liest v.ir,.. Double and Single, Br, per 100, tor os b. s, MORTIMER, Swiss Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. CUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP, Thousands led from. Write tor Cost, tree, p Mi \iu HUB, The London Nursery, i. Maids \ ale, London, w. CALCEOLAR] \ GOLDEN GEM. Splendid strong well-rOOted stnif. a feu thousand for sale al Iv. per I". I"- 1-t > i. HINDU. I. .St Kcfiiess, Lincolnshire. .">() 000 il"l'l-ll:s', three-year Seedling. J.TAYI.oK. Bangholm Nurseries, Edinburgh. 0 ORCHID GROWERS. SPHAGNUM MOSS, fresh i | i ordered, O. OABBADICE, Monument place, Ken lal, EstabllBlied 15 Years. ROISKKTS I'.lidS., U'holksalk l'l. sis, 21, Catherine Street, Covenl Garden, W.O., will be pleased tor iw inmission. Consignments ol really Choice Cul FLOWERS, FRUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Hankers -London and County Hink. Telegraphic Address -"BOUVABDIA, London." JW. BARN HAM llcc.-ivcs on Commission, • GRAPES. TOMATOS, and other Choice FRUITS ; also FLOWERS. His personal attention securing highest Market Prices. Account Bales daily, and cheques at option. Baskets and labels found. Long Market. Covent Garden, W.C. ESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nurskkymkn, Sidcup, and 288, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market, Covent Garden, London, W.C, are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity Department. Boxes and Labels supplied. .ddress— "COMMISSION, Sidcup.'' CHOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Prompt cash. HENRY RIDES. Covent Garden, W.C. WANTED, MA8DEVALLIAS.— Breris; flaviola, Gustavif, Hinksianum, inequalfs, maerodnc- tyla. musooso, pasida, pachyura, striateila, tricolor, trig- lochin, Tubeana, urostacnya, velutina, zanthodactyla. Also choice PLEUROTIIALLIS and RESTBEPIAS, healthy plants, guaranteed, lor any of nUiir, send ilescript ion and cash price to Mr. R. I. MEASURES, Cambridge Lodge, Hodden II I. Camberwell. S.E. WANTED, Rooted Cuttings of A. Nunner, President Garfield, and President Cleveland; Bouvnrdia Miss.Iolliffe, &c. ; Malmaison, CARNATION Noble, &c. ; La Grosse Sueree Strawberry. Price, per loo, to E. STARK, Thorpe, Chertsey, Surrey. Gardeners' Chronicle. WANTED Numbers, October 4 and 25, Nov- ember 8, and December 13. lt>81 ; January 2 and 16, 18815. Apply, W. WATSON, Royal Gardens, Kew. c THE REST PRIMULA.— CARTERS' HOL- BORN PRIZE MIXED— Vide Awards. New seed. In sealed packets, price 25. 6d. and 3s. 6o\ per packet, post-free. HE BEST CINERARIA.— CARTERS* BRILLIANT PRIZE MIXED.— Vide Awards. In sealed packets, price 2s. 6o\ and 3s. 6d . per packet, post-free. HE BEST CALCEOLARIA.— CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE MIXED.— Vide Awards. In sealed packets, price jjj, iW. ;ni,! ;;,-. fid, per packet, post-free. ART Kits', Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, to 11. M. The Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 23S, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. Fin: sai.k, I'ir.oTHM imjinckps, a m>i,u- Tree Fern, height of stem 5 feet. Also a fine pair of PAN1UMS VEITCHII. Apply to the GARDENER, Henley Park. Hcnley-on-Thnmes. 'pi;nr Hoi.im S PECIOSUM.— Hardy scarlet 1. Climber, strong Plants established in pots. Is. 3u\ each, l_'s. per .lo/.en ; free bv post or passenger train. HOWDEN anii CO.. The Nurseries, Inverness. P\(\ (\(\(\ GREEN EUONYMUS, *}\Jl\J\J\J all good shape, 8 inches to 3 feet high, , Brighton. New Conifer Seeds. HURST and SON have just to hand from the Himalayas. NEW SEED of the following, and will Quote very low pr 9 and send samples on application : — CEDRUS DEODARA. PINTS I Mil 3A. CUPRESSUS TORULOSA. Seed Warehouse, 1..L', Honndsditah, London, E. E W FUCHSIAS, 18 90. Best urn ell os for t his year. BEAUT Y OF WEST KENT, DOROTHY and GEORGE FRY, Plants now being distributed. Full Descriptive and Priced LIST Post-free. JOHN l.AIMl am. SONS, Hegoniu Specialists and New Plant Mi n I, i on i Hill, S.E. ARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS. free.-Full of useful information. SI LEI [IONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS, 12s. 6(t.. 21s., 31s. tM., 42s.. 63s. and upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS, 2s. Hd., 3s. fjd„ St. Si., 7s. 6rf., 1" . fid., I6*.,21r., and upwards. GLADIOLI, TUBEROSES, HTACINTHUS CANDICANS. TIURIDIAS. ANEMONE FULGENS. *.'.. for Spring Planting. Descriptive LIST free on application. BARR ani> SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C. SEAKALE, Strong Foroing, 8*. per LOO; seconds, 6s. Strawberry Plants, in 60-pots, strong, 8s. per 100. Pyracanlha Lulundi, 2^ to 3 feet, in pots, 12s. per dozen. All first rale, packing free, for cash. W. FROMOW ami SUNS, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, W. IGS, GRAPE VINES.— The leading kinds, In pots, wholesale and retail. Sizes and prices on applica- tion.—WILL TAYLER. o-liorn Nursery, Hampton, Middlesex. V The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price 6s., post-free 5s. Qd. A. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. T R A W B E R R I E S. 1 Warranted the best plants in the Trade. NOBLE, very line Ss. per 100, in 500 lots. KING OF EARI.IES 2s. per 100 do. HURIiHLEY PRESIDENT ... 2s. per 100 do. R. GILBERT, High Park, Stamford. THOMSt >N'S I M l'ltf )VKD VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us. Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. nnd over carriage paid. London Agent— Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, putney. WM. THOMSON AMD SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.P.. i)70 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 10, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Wednesday Next. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER ami BUD. MR J. C. STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38. King Street, Covent. Garden W.C.. on WEDNESDAY NEXT, May 14, at half- mst 12 o'Cluek precisely (instead of Thursday, May In. as P^iousljniinu.inood,. a choice COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud, comprising Phala-nopsis iniperalrix P spe- oiosa Thrixspherm.ini Berkeley. liendrobium polypnlebium, tine varieties of Cat! leva Meudeln. rare Cypriped.ums ; also small Consignments of ORCHIDS from Madagascar Burmal, and Colombia. A Case of ARAUCARIA EXCELSA received Op view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday Next. VALUABLE IMPORTED and ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS. Great Trade Sale. MR J C STEVENS has received instructions from Mr. F. Sander. St. Albans, to SELL by AUCTION, at his Great Rooms. 3S King Street, Covent Carder,, W.G., on THURSDAY NEXT. May 15, at half-past 12 o Clock precisely, a very hue lot of ORCHIDS, especially suitable for the Trade and Amateurs, including some Hue specimens such as I'll HI'S HU.VIHoLTH. AERIDES SANDERIANA, Onodium Curium. O. bifolium Majus. O. pr.etestuui. Also some fine Odontoglossunis. including Odontoglossum Harryana, O MJVII M UUI'S. o, Sanderianum, &o. A very choice assort- ment of Deudrobiums including H. SEEUI ANUM, D. Farmer,, D. Brymerianum, a few plants of D. nouile from the recent North Indian importation, out of which has .lowered some rare forms- also a pure white form have flowered from this importation ; some various kinds of Cattleyas, such as C. Gaskelliana. C. eitr,.,:.. C Harrison*. C. amethyst, iel „.-., . Mendelii. &C. Also a few plants of the beautiful L.ELIA LAWRENCEANA. which is extremely rare, and it is douOtlul if other plauts exist than those which are in the I posses sum of Mr Sander ; it is a most charming Orchid, and was named after the late Mrs. Lawrence, a famous amateur A lew choice Celogynes will also be sold, amongst which are the beautiful C. liavana (true). C. ocellata maxima, C.cristata. Cypriped.ums, such species as C. SANDE1UANA ('. Hooker... cflawreneeanum, &c. Also a few plants of the very choice L.ELIA ANCEPS WILLIAMSIANA, a variety in the way ot ANCEPS STELLA and A. SANDER1ANA. Many Plants in Flower and Bud will also be Sold, amongst which are some very good plants and varieties. , _., , a Or. view, morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. Well-grown PALMS, and other DECORATIVE Wj|»™I ROSES, in pots; a choice assortment o Ir ERNS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, named RHoDODRN > .< with BUDS' VINES, an assortment ot various i.ii.nvs and Hardv BULBS. LATTICE WOODWORK &c. MESSRS'. PROTHKROE and MORRIS will SELL the above, by AUCTION, at their Centra Sale Rooms, 67 and .',-. che.,p,ide. London. EC. on Y\ EDNEaDAY NEXT. May 11. at half pi.-t 12 o'clock precisely. On view looming of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will feSSSS?' DD: ^SSSS^S^^^T^. LOBBIt fine masses '^AtVloL.UUUM CURVI1 OL UM and other SACCOLA1UUMS, CtF.LOGYNE ^"GINOSA CCELOGYNE PARISHII. &c. ; also a large number of PLAN IS in Flower and Bud. , On view Morning of Sale, ami Catalogues had. Friday Next. IMPORTED ORCHIDS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68. Cheapside, London. EC, on FRIDAY NEXT May 10. at half-pis, 12 o'clock, by order of Messrs Seeger Sc Trn'nn a fine importation of the showiest MEXICAN ORCHIDS in superb condition, including Lad.a autumnal.s ?„d vaViet^ itrorubens. Epidendrum vitellinum ma] us. grand «Vs will, extra strong bulbs; the rare andbeautif.il Cypri- J" the lovely white Chysis braetesccs. Cattleya c.trina .•■.■■' ••■*»- ,;r:i7^;ro^re^eSr.or '.'';, no la' of BRAZILIAN ORCHIDS. a sm.ui >™^ew mol.„ing 0f Sale, and Catalogues had. Beddington House, Croydon. ,,i ^COLLECTION of EXHIBITION STOVE Wf CREFNH USE PLANT'S. FERNS, PALMS, and , KCHIdI many of which have been so successfully shown toying taken numerous First-class Prizes. By order of TiTFSSRSdge9PROTHEROE and MORRIS MEareSSvSo'ure! !,,h instructions to SELL by AUCTION. on the Premises. II Iington House, Croydon tei m .nutes w.lk from Waddon Station. L. B. and S. C. . R. ilw a > . on THURSDAY Mav22, at 1 o'clock pre. -isely, without reserve I. wl, 1. of'tlewellki ,, Collection of Specimen Exhibition SOI and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, '"eluding noble ex .mules of Pbormium tenax vanegata, Micro epia levita , l Thvllotienium Lindeni, Carludovica Drude. and ca/l.dU coloured .'nitons, many of , hem ex.vpt.ona ly fine ,la, its; arge Anthur.ums, magnificent Palms .ml. dn g a 'grand exhibition plant of Kentia B e n.oreana s feet by s feet and others- a Choice Collection of Est .Wished ORCHIDS . i , c „ ,'n FERNS im.ingst them 11 ivallia F.giensis ,, nnlosus, ;,' lee It rotud, ; D. Moureana. 6 feet through; D Hg.ensis, :, ,'.,., through, and many others; the whole fully described m CaMaXeviewed two days prior to Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. PENFOLD, the Gardener, on the Premises; ana of the Auctioneers, 67 and 63, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday, May 23. The whole of the VALUABLE COLLECTION of ESTA- BLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of F. Briesemann. Esq.. of Paragon House, Blackheath, who is leaving England to reside abroad, absolutely without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C, or. FRIDAY, Mav 23 at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, without reserve a choice COLLECTION of WELL-GUoWN ESTABLISHED- ORCHIDS, including several very fine and rare species, of which full particulars will be given in next weeks ad- vertisement. '.,,.,. . x- On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had of the Auctioneers. Manchester. SALE of a very CHOICE COLLECTION of 401) ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS, in splendid .oudition, comprising rare varieties of Cattleya. La-lia. Vanda, Cypripedium, Dendrobe, Oncid- ium. Odontoglot. Aerides, Angraecum, Cymbidium, Coe- lo»yne, and others; also about 200 very fine STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, including two splendid specimen Lapigerias alba and rosea, grand varieties, each covering about 15 feet by 12 feet of roof, and earned 8000 blooms last year ; together with a beautiful assortment of BRONZE-LEAF GERANIUMS, ECHEVERIAS and other BEDDING-OUT PLANTS. &c. MESSRS. ARTINGSTALL and HIND beg to announce that they are favoured with instructions from S S Walley. Esq.. who is leaving the district, to SELL by AUCTION, "on WEDNESDAY. May 14. 1890. in the Gardens of Smallwoud. Wilbraham Road. Fallowtield, the whole of the Valuable and Rare COLLECTION of DESIRABLE PLANTS. May be viewed on the afternoon of Saturday, and from 10 to 4 o'clock on the Monday and Tuesday preceding sale. Cata- logues mav now be obtained, together with further particulars, on application at the Auctioneers' Offices, 45, Princess St.eet, Manchester. Mount View, Sheffield. SALE of the FOURTH and LAST PORTION of the Valuable COLLECTION of ESTABLISHED ORCHIDS formed by the late David Ward, Esq., J. P. This sale includes about 600 Plants, in the best possible condition, comprising tine lot of oil iNTOGl.iiSSU.M ALEXANDRA. O. Vexillarium, O Harryanum. O. Citrosmum, CATTLEYA MENDELLI, C. Gaskelliana, C. Mossia-. C. Skinneri. C. Dowiana. L.ELI A PITRPURATA. ANTH1-R1UM SCHERZERIANUM, MAS- DEVALLIA and CYPRIPEDIUM in variety, &c; also GREENHOUSE PLANTS, CAMELLIAS. &c. MESSRS. WILLIAM BUSH and SON respectfully give notice that they are instructed by the Executors to SELL by AUCTION, at the residence, as above, on WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY, May 14 and 15, at 11 A.M. precisely each day. Catalogues, with full particulars and orders to view, may be had of Mr. .1 KEELING, the Head Gardener, on the premises (who is open to another engagement) ; or, of the Auctioneers, m their Offices, East Parade Sheffield. Priory Nursery, Acton Lane, Acton, W. To Nurserymen, Gentlemen, and Others. The First ANNUAL SALE of 12,000 Surplus Stock of PLANTS. \/IESSRS. W. EYDMANN and SON have iVl received instructions from Mr. J. C. Jennings, the Proprietor to SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, on the above Premises on THURSDAY. May 22. l*n i, at 12 for 1 o'clock, the surplus Stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Marguerites, scarlet, white double ivy-leaf and rose-scented Geraniums, double white Primula, various F'erns. Azaleas, large Camellias, Tree tarnations, pot Roses, Eucharis, Agapauthus, Amynllcs Liliums, Ficus elastic... Ficus repens, large Stephanotis, and various other Plants, &c. ; useful OAT CRUSHER, Seakale POTS, new GREENHOUSE BARS. May be viewed day previous, and morning of Sale. Cata- logues may be obtained on the Premises, and at the Auctioneers Oltice. High Street. Acton. W. Crown Lands, Eltham Nursery, Kent. TO BE LET, from Michaelmas next, about 35 acres of valuable LAND, in the town of Eltbam, a- a Nursery or Market Garden. For particulars, apply to Messrs. .CI.UTTON, 9, Whitehall Place, London, S.W. rpO LET, a well-established NURSERY, -L about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city.— Full particulars on application to A. B., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand. W.C. WANTED TO PURCHASE or LEASE an Acre of GROUND in an eligible position, for the establishment of a Nursery and Florist Business, w ith Cottage preferred, in S.W. di,t net. W. SCOTT, 31, Lombard Street. ORCHI DS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN). Limited, Have just received large importations of Orchids from Mexico, Brazil, India, and other countries. The Co. have also an immense stock of Established Oicluds. all of which they offer at extremely reasonable prices. Catalogues, with full particulars, post-free, on application to the Co., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. 1A C\(\C\ LOBELIA Emperor William, JV7» V/V/V/ warranted true, from Cuttings, really perfect plants, 2s. id. per 100, 20s. per 1000. 5000 CALCEOLARIAS Golden Gem, best stuff in 60's, Us. per 100. 1000 CARNA- TIONS Gloire de Nancy, extra fine plants, will bloom shortly, 12s. per dozen in 48's. 300 ECHEVERIA, best stuff. 20s. per 100. 600 Vesuvius GERANIUMS, tine bushy plants io 48's. 600 Henry Jacoby. John Gibbons. Madam Cru.ee (Ivy), best stuff in 48's, all 24s. per 100. 3000 bedding H. Jacoby. J. Gibbons, bronze, bicolors and tricolors, in 60's. 16s. per 100. W. POLLARD, Willow-side. Tooting. Special Cheap Offer. BOUVARDIA P. CLEVELAND, the new unapproachable scarlet, well rooted Cuttings, is. per doz.. 20s. per 100. Last year's plants of same variety, in 48 *', cut back and started, 5s. per doz., free on rail. Double PETUNIAS, choicest named, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. TREE CARNATIONS, best named sorts, 4s. M. per dozen. Free by parcel-post for cash. CRANE AND CLARKE. The Nurseries. March. Cambs. RAND NEW COLEUS, "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. Oil each (ready in May). Po-t and package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, O. FIIIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. To the Trade. FERNS !— FERNS ! !— FERNS ! ! !— In twenty most saleable kinds— Adiantums, Polypodiums. Cyrto- miums Pteris, &c. Adiantum cuneatum. large stuff, ready to pot at once in 5-inch pots, 16s. and 20s. per 100 ; Pteris eretica cristata. and a few other kinds, from stores, 6s. per 100. 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Road, Brixton. S.W. ^_ rn AA/_ LOBELIA, Emperor William, |)V'Y GEORGE IIA\lll.lu\ i. \|>, GOLDSMID I. AH) DOROTHY NEVILL THE LADY MAYORESS THE LADY MAYORESS HAS KINDLY CONSENTED TO OPEN THE FETE. BAND OF HER MAJESTY'S ROYAL HORSE GUARDS. (By permission of Col. the Hon. Oliver Montagu.) i ■. M< i uk itiitK.-noN of .... Mb. CHAS. GODFREY, R.A.M. BATH SPRING SHOW. MAY 21. Amongst the Open Classes are : — 1st. 2nd, 3rd, 9 Greenhouse Azaleas ... £6 10 £1 10 £3 10 Stove or Greenhouse and 6 Orna- mental Plants £10 £.i £1 9 Stove or Greenhouse Plants £6 £4 £2 Bank of Pot Roses, arranged for effeci on space not less than 12 by 0 feet £i £1 £1 Group of Orchids, arranged for effect on space, 12 by 6 feet (Ferns and Foliage Plants allowed) £5 £3 £2 6 Orchids £3 £2 £1 Group of Plants, arranged for effect on space not less than 150 square feet Si £r> £3 do., do., do.. 75 square feet £4 £2 £1 Entries Close. Mnv 16. B. R. F. PEARSON and W. .IEFFERY. Secretaries. Office- 2, Northumberland Buildings. Bath. KEW GARDENS, NELSON. GREAT FLORAL COMPETITION (open to all England). MONDAY and TUESDAY, May 26 and 27, 1S90. Nearly FORTY POUNDS in PRIZES for the best set of Six distinct Stove or Greenhouse Plants (not leas than four in bloom). First prize, £20 ; second prize, £10; third prize, £5 ; fourth prize, £2 10s. Entrance fee, 6s. All Exhibits to be iu the Marquee at II a.m., Monday. Prizes guaranteed by proprietor, THOMAS HARGREAVES, Esq., to whom all entries must be sent on or beforeTuesday, May 20. Competeut Judges engaged. ADMISSION : By Ticket, price Five Shillings (limited to 2,n application to GEO DAW, Lssistani Secretary, High strut, chard. OURNEMOUT1I and DISTRICT CIIRV- SANTHEMUM and HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. ini kih ix\i M. EXHIBITION, NOVEMBER la end 13, 1890. Schedule of Prizes may I btained of JAMES sl'ONG, Assistant Secretary. The Gardens, Lindisfarne, Boon THE GARDENERS' ROYAL BENEVOLENT INSTITUTION. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS Paid or promised on occasion of the Mst Anniversary Festival, Mr. HARRY J. VEITCH, the Treasurer, will preside. The Right Hon. Ladv UFA I'MONT. annual ... Messrs HALL AKD SON. Sheffield Mr. GEORGE MONRO, Covent Garden Mies BILLETER, Winfold Mr. day, Winfold Mr. TOBY, St. Mark's Grove (A.) Mr. A. SMITH. Warren Hill Gardens (A.) ... Messrs, NUTTING am. SONS, Southward Street It. Fox, Bag., Falmouth .Mr .IAS. HECK. Orichel Gardens (A.) Mr. . I. WILLS, Hollov.ni. aid Hardens Mr. 'i iii.iixham. Brick Hill Garden! Mr. liuMINY, (iwy.lyr Gardens (A ) Mr ('. F. BAUSK. Nursery. South Norwood (A.) Mr..i\s, HOPKINS, High Cross Gardens Mi B JORDAN. Llansway Gardens Mr E. SHEPSTONE. Charlton House Gardens Mr. R. SANDERS. Halt, .n Gardens (A.) . £t 1 o . to io o . 10 II) 0 .110 . (I 10 B .110 .110 0 IS 0 110 1 1 0 10 10 0 2 19 6 0 10 0 1 1 0 CARRIAGE ENTRANCE IN TAVISTOCK STREET. DAILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE t.. the CONTINENT, vid (jiiei-nborough. Flushing, Kal- denkircheh. I In-, Panels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian Posts, is specially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, &c No Certificate rennired f'.r Germany. Tariffs freeon application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petittani Grands Piteae. BEST. HI LEY am. Co., 88, Hisliopsgate Street, London, E.C. Receiving i ma-.- at liulbom Viaduct Station. CUBRANS BEAUTIFUL FLORISTS' FLOWERS, Phloxes, Pentetemoni; An- tlrrhinums, Pinks, Tansies, in distinct, beautiful BbrtS, Bl. td. in rdo/en 'carnal inns and Picotces. perfect forms and colours, I . y , , , I'm, ■lliriim-., 12 si.rt.. .".-.. Potent illas, 12 vara., Bs. Seedling Alpine Auriculas, "perfect gems," strong blooming plants, if. per dozen. CLI11RAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altriiicbam and Manchester. 1» l ;t ;t IN I \S, extra choice, for bedding, Single, > i, , 6fM and 6f. perdozen . Double, 9f. and 12s., very ,11., in,. Cheaper by the 100. For Pots from as. See the best CATALOGUE published, free. CALCEOLARIAS, Golden Gem, (is. to 7». per 100. LOBELIAS, 2s. lid. to 3f. 6d. per 100. Both extra strong. B. R. DAVIS, Begonia Grower, Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. 572 THE GARD ENE F S ' CUB ONTCL E. [May 10, 1890. Sterling Value. HARTLAND'S "APRIL QUEEN" BROCCOLI, sealed Packets, Is. 6rf., for purity, weight, and quality not to be equalled. %* Year Book of " Rare Seeds" for 1890. A few (partly reserved) Copies are now dis- posable, post-free. Everyone seems to want this in conjunction with my "Illustrated Book of Daffodils." I shall be lifting the Daffodil crop the end of May. particularly " Ard-Righ," to fill Colonial Orders, and shall he happy to quote market growers. (5P His New Double Quilled Perennial SUNFLOWER " Soleil d"'Or ; " plants, Is. 3d., post-free.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLAND, Old Established Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. pi IDDAU'O BRILLIANT BEDDING DIS- ULIUnHIl O PLAY, produced by Clibran's Special Tuberous Begonias, wonderful colours, unequalled habit. Single — seed, Is. per packet ; tubers, 4s., 6s., 9s., and 12s. per dozen. Doubles, magnificent forms and hues — seed, 2s. 6 Beautiful Palms for growing on, 6s. and 9s. per dozen; larger for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen. Asparagus, splendid for cutting, stands well in rooms— A. plumosus, plumosus nanus, tenisissimus, and virgatus, 2s. 6d., 3s. 6d.t and 5s. each. Maidenhair Ferns, small pots, 6s. per dozen ; large, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. The lovely Adiantum Farleyense, splendid fronds from 2s. each. 12 fine distinct Ferns for greenhouse, 9s. and 12s. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. CHEAP OFFER of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS. EXPIRATION of LEASE.— A Large Quan- tity of ORNAMENTAL TREES and SHRUBS to be SOLD CHEAP, owing to the above cause. Full particulars on application to The Liverpool Horticultural Co. (John Cowan), Ltd., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. BEGONIAS a SPECIALTY.— Awarded Four Gold Medals. Evidence of quality. Seed saved from Prize Plants. In illustrated Packets, choice mixed, Singleor Double varieties. Is., 2s. 6d., and 5s. per packet. Collections— Single, 12 named varieties, separate, 5s. 6d. : 6 ditto, 3s. Tubers, Named Singles, from 12s. to42s. perdoz. ; Unnamed Seedlings, 12s. to 21s. per dozen; Bedding, choicest, 6s. to 9s. per dozen ; choicest Named Doubles from 42s. per dozen ; Unnamed, very choice, 24s. and 30s. per dozen ; choicest Mixed, 18s. per dozen. Order direct from us, to procure our splendid strain. CATALOGUES gratis. JOHN LAING and SONS, Begonia Growers. Forest Hill, S.E. CLIBRAN'S PRETTY FLOWERS. If you UL.IUUHI1 \J want a unique array of blooms try our Collection of Herbaceous Plants. No botanical weeds, but each plant distinct and beautiful. 12 vars.. 3s., 4s., and 6s.; 50 in 50 vars , 15s. and 30s.; 100 in 100, 30s. and 42s. The "Iris Queen," Iris ochroleuca var. gigantea — finest by far of all the Iris family — robust habit, 6 feet high, enormous lovely white blooms, will grow in any ordinary soil, 2s. each, 18s. per dozen. Foxgloves, white and spotted ; Lupinus, blue and white, each var. 3s. per doz. See Cutalogue. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries. Altrincham and Manchester. FORBES' CATALOGUE of FLORISTS' FLOWERS for 1890— (116 pages), Is the Largest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists* Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Florists' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mass of other useful information indispensable to all who would excrl in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful and convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the hands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. POLYANTHUS (Rare), double dark (Rex Theodore), for Sale, 6s. per dozen. Stamped corre- spondence invited. Note address. C^sh with order. T. S. GREIG, Sunnyside, Fyvie, Aberdeen dure, Scotland. ELARGONIUM""DU(JHESSE of TEOK . The most rloriferous Double White Pelargonium in commerce. Fine healthy plants in 4S*s, 12s. and 15s. per dozen. Show and Fancy varieties, 90s per 100. J. R. HORTOR, Groveleigh Nursery, Retford. PT IRRAN'9 A <*AY GREENHOUSE. Ivy- ULIUIlHn U leaved Geraniums, beautiful sorts. 4s. per dozen; Double Geraniums, 4s., 6s , and 9*. per dozen; Zonal and Nosegay, splendid sorts for blooming this summer, or for growing on to bloom next winter, 4s., 6s., and its. per dozen. Pelargoniums, show, fancy, or large-tlowered, to bloom shortly, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Bouvardias, small stuff for growing on, 4s. per dozen. Coleus, 12 sorts, 3s. Lantanas, 12 sorts, 2s. 6d. Tropax>lums. 6 sorts, 2s. 12 beautiful distinct Greenhouse Flowering Plants. 9s., 12s., and 18s. 6 lovely flowering Green- house Climbers, 6s. or 9s. Calla tethiopica, all sizes, 9rf., Is., and Is. 6rf. each. 12 Succulents 4*. and 6*. See List, free, CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. RFnniNP pERANIUMS, CAL- LJ fc ■-/ ++ ■ ■ » « VT CEOLARIAS, DAHLIAS, AND LOBELIAS, &c. Finest kinds. BORDER PLANTS. £H„&on?w Catalogue DlCKSONS NURSKRIES, CHESTER. (Limited.) Three Valuable Friends. CLIBRAN'S SHADING acts as a beautiful shade during sunny weather, but becomes almost trans- fSrponhnime Frlpnd parent during rain— reappearingagain Weennouse mend. M ,he B]ass c|Hes V„Uke other pre- parations, it shades only lit the particular time wanted. Practical growers are noting this. Non- poisonous. Is., Is. 9d., and 2s. 9d. per packet, post-free. LEMON-OIL is fast superseding all other In- secticides, being cheaper, far more certain, and can ,,.„, rH..H safely be used by any amateur. If you want flam mena. beautiful foliage and healthy plants, try this. Post-free: pints. Is. lOd. ; quarts, 3s. 3d. ; half-gal.. 5s. 9d. EUCHARIS MITE-KILLER.— This valuable compound enables everyone to grow and flower Eucharis PnrtmiHn Frionrl splendidly, and has saved thousands of tucnans rnena. bulbs which otherwise wouId have been destroyed. See Testimonials. Post-free: J pints, 1/9; pints, 2/9; quarts, 4/9; igal., 8/- Or from your Seedsman. CLIBR»N'S, Oldfield Nurseries, ALTRINCHAM; Also 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. SAVE HALF THE COST. BEDFORDSHIRE COARSE AND FINE GARSIDE'S SILVER SAND Is admitted by the leading Nurserymen to be the Best Quality obtainable in the Trade. Consumers should Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, which contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus s ave half the ordinary cost. NO TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision. Special Rail- way Rates in force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample ling sent on application to GEO. G ARSIDE, Jun., F.R.H.S., Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. Mat 10, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS" CHRONICLE. 573 COLE'S BLOOD AND BONE MANURES. MANUFACTURED FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. Kich in Ammonia. Readily absorbed by the Plant. SUITABLE FOR ALL CROPS-FARM OR GARDEN. Detailed PRICE LIST and TESTIMONIALS on application. J. H. COLE, CALNE, WILTS. BEESON'S MANURE.— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. 6d„ bs. Si., and 10j. id. each, or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed. 13*. By all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BEESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. SLUGS. — Save your Garden Produce by using " Leuos," 5s. per gallon. Diffuser included. LIQUID MANURE ESSENCE, Inodorous, for Greenhouse and Garden, Us. per gallon— will make from 50 to 100 gallons. ARTIFICIAL MANURE, without Smell, will produce grand blossoms, unsurpassed for Fruit and Vegetables, 112 lb., 20J. ; 56 lb., lis. ; 28 lb., lis. ANTI-MILDEW, 10*. per gallon. PLANT FUMKiATOR, combining Meat or Rail Smoker, liisinfector, or Domestic Safe, i feel S in. high, 27s. 6d. ; (i fe-t. 35». G. C. BROOKES & CO., 7 2. LEADENHALL STREET, E < . |sWf£OKTtt£&; CM£AP£ST & BCST SAVES MORE THAN TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Eighteen Months. Highly commended by tbeJndgaaal the Alexandra Palace Rose Show, ISSfl, after 15 Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Merit by the Scottish Horticultural Association, 1889. Mr. W. G. Head, Crystal Palace, says •■ HV tri re so satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we bare need it absolutely, and hav. e in recommending it." Mr. R. Ihwin I.vnoi, Curator, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, says : — "There can be no question with regard to its efficacy." Prices :— In 1 and 2 gal. tins, 2s. per gal. (tins included) ; in 5-gal. drums. Is. 6; 281b.. 13/-; 561b., 25/-; 1121b.", 40/-'. " FEEDMRIGHT " FERTILIZER-1 lb., 6 Plant Growers. L f\ O I An entirely New Invention. No more Tobacco Paper, with its dangerous and disagreeable fumes. CAMPBELL'S FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE Kills Fly. Thnp. and Spider, in the easiest, i-heapest. and most harmless way to Flowers, Fruit, or Foliage, even if treble the necessary quantity is used. The best of all Insecticides for Orchids. Try it. In Rolls for houses of a capacity of— 100 cubic feet, 500 feet, 1000 feet, 2000 feet, , . Si. 1/- 1/3 2/3 Post-free- CLEBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. 574 THE GAR DE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [Mat 10, 1890. CHEAP BEDDING PLANTS, All Strong and Healthy. GERANIUMS, from single pots, autumn-struck : — ,, Vesuvius, Sisley, Christine, Madame Voucher, 2s. 6rf. per doz., 14s. per 100. ,, Henry .Taooby, Happy Thought, Bronze Perilla, Silver-leaf, 3s. per do/.., 16s. per 100. ,, Ivy-leaf, double and single, to name, sweet-scented Oak- leaf, '3s. per doz., 16s. per 100. VERBENAS, purple, striped, pink, crimson, scarlet, white. Is. 9d. per doz., 12s. per 100. CALCEOLARIAS, Golden Gem, 2s. per doz., 15s. per 100; Amplexicaulis, handsome lemon, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. LOBELIAS, Emperor William (the best blue), from cuttings, 2s. Gd. per 100, 20s. per 1000. AGERATUM, dwarf blue, 5s. per 100, .'15s. per 1000. MARGUERITES, yellow, large white. small white, lOs.perlOO. MiMULUS, Queen's Prize, splendid mixed colours, 2s. per do/.., 10s. per 100. I'YRETHRUM, Selugenoides (new Golden Feather), 2s. per 100, 20s. per 1000. PETUNIAS, splendid striped and fringed, single, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. ., beautiful double mixed, Ms. per 100, 60s. per 1000. HELIOTROPE, Miss Nightingale (dark), .'is. per doz., 20s. per 100. PINK, Mrs. Sinkins, large plants, from single pots, 3s. per doz. ., Dianthus Delexata, ,, ,, ,, 3s. per do/,. CLOVE, old crimson „ ,, ,, 3s. per doz. CARNATION, finest, Doubles, mixed „ „ 3s. per doz. DAHLIAS, Single, named, all t hades of brilliant colours, from single pots, 2s. 6d. per dnz., 18s. per 100. ,, Doubles, best named, Show, Fancy, and Pompones, from single pots, 2s. $d. per doz., 18s. per 100. CACTUS DAHLIAS, Jaurezii, Constance, Fire King, and others, 4s. per doz. PANSIES, Show and Fancy, splendid mixed, " from cuttings," 8s. per 100. PYRETHRUM (Herbaceous), Double and Single to name, from single pots, 4s. per doz. PI1L< >X (Herbaceous), mixed colours, 4s. per do/. CHRYSANTHEMUM, selection of finest named Show varieties, from single pots, 2s. 6d. per doz., 18s. per 100. PAPA VIA, Nudicaule (beautiful Iceland Poppy), white and orange, 4s. per 100. 30s. per 1000. ,, "The Shirley," splendid showy variety, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. CASH, Package Free. Extra plants to cover carriage. CATALOGUE Gratis. By Permission of the Hon. Board of Customs DUTY FREE. Nicotine Soap. ^N Unrivalled INSECTICIDE for the use of Plant Cultivators, being an effectual ERADICATOR of SCALE, THR1PS, GREEN FLY, MEALY BUG, and ALL PARASITES affecting PLANTS, WITHOUT INJURY TO FOLIAGE. It has now under- gone a thorough test by some of the most prac- tical men in Horticulture, and it is proved, beyond all doubt, that no Insecticide will bear comparison with it for its deadly effect on Insects, combined with perfect safety to the Plants themselves. Some hundreds of Testimonials lately received from men of considerable experience throughout the Kingdom. Sold In Jars. Is. Gd and 3s. ; In Tins, 15s. 6d. ; and in Drums, 28 lb., 26s. ; 56 lb., 50s. ; 112 lb., 95s. Full directions for use upon each Package. SOLE MANTFAITUREKS: H. I. HARDY, F.R.H.S. STOUS VALLEY NURSERIES, BURES, SUFFOLK. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO, Ltd., LONDON. To be had from Seedsmen and Florists throughout the Country. MY NEW DAHLIA CATALOGUE Has been posted to ray Patrons; anyone not receiving same should apply at once, when a further Copy ^liall be sent. It contains — MY NOVELTIES FOR 1890, which are quite equal to my previous introductions, many of which are among the moat pi polar of the day. Each section is fully represented, and every good variety will be found fully described. I have a grand collection of— CACTUS, SINGLE, POMPONE, SHOW, FANCY, and STELLATE VARIETIES. All are good strong plants, established in pot?, and will be ready for planting the 1st week in May. This Catalogue also contains a fine collection of the — NEW LARGE-FLOWERING CANNAS, Having flowers almost as large as Gladiolus, of almost every shade of colour. This Catalogue also contains an abridged List of Chrysanthemums, .Marguerite", Pentstemons, single Py- rethunis, and many other popular groups for present planting. I have issued this season the following Descriptive CATALOGUES : — Illustrated Hardy Perennials, Florist Flowers, Tree and Herbaceous Pieony, Japanese and Alpine Primulas, Climbing Plants, Hardy Ferns, Chrysanthemums, Choice Flower Seeds. Any of which can still be had upon application to THOMAS S. WARE, HALE FARM NURSERIES, TOTTENHAM, LONDON. Mat 10, 1890.] THE Oa RDENER S ' CHR ONI CL K 575 ORCHID EXHIBITION. One of the most beautijid sights in London. 0RCHIDS.— The Orchid Ex- hibition at Mr. Wtt.t.tath Bill's Estab- lishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, 8.W., now OPEN, 10 to 6 o'Clock. Admission, 2«. (id. (JRCHIDS.— A vision of Love- liness unparalleled in Europe. ORCHIDS.—" A scene of the greatest Orchidic beauty, ballling descrip- tion, and defying exaggeration." ORC H IDS. —The Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establishment for New and Rare Plants, .">.'{<>, King's Road, Chelsea, London, S.W. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establishment for New and Rare Plants, 536, KINGS ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. P.l IRRAM'Q SUPERIOR DAHLIAS, Superb ULIUIIHI1 U shorn, dunning Fancies, Be Pretty Bouquet, Kx.|ui-.ite Stogies, Lovely Oectoe, u;tmd and distinct, special -uri-. 12 van., at. id.; 60 in 13 van., 12,. 6st. ; 100 ID 5" van. i'l S , !.,,(, frr... OTJBKAK, Oldfield Nuneriee, Altrincham and Ham nesb r. CYPRIPEDIUM MACRANTHUM AND CUTTATUM. i beautiful bloomm* Siberian Orchids can beai the < oldest wiot.T without being covered, nil are the moat splendid and Interesting open air plants f"f Plower Qardena -id<1 Turks. Sent direct from SiU-r-u. in fresh and Strong plant I, in blooming condition. Price at St. Petersburg (Bosnia), i*-' 10*. per 100 . E30 per 1000. Orders received by W. WIESE, Gartnerei Staraja Derewnja, U, St. Pet+rslmrtf. CLIBRAN'S ™s„ ANTIIEMl MS. Our largest and moat con)rl for 2s. &/. 4 6 ColeUS.— In charming variety 6 for 2s. 3 6 Chrysanthemums.— Strong rooted cuttings from our fine collection of Japanese and Incurved varieties, to name per 100, 15s. 2 6 ,, Extra choice sorts, to name ... per 100, 21s. 3 6 ,, Sir superb new Japanese, including Mrs. Alpheus Hardy. 7s. Qd. Cyclamen persicum glganteum.— strong mixed seedlings per 100, X7s. 6d. 2 6 Dahlias, Show and Fancy.— A grand collection , including all the choicest sorts, 6 for 2s. &d, 4 6 CactUfl-flOWered.— A splendid assortment, 6 for 2s. rv/. i 6 ,, Juarezi, the true Cactus, brilliant scarlet, fine each, K./. 7 6 „ Constance, pure white each, $d, 7 6 ., Emprev-. of India, dark maroon crimson, magnificent each, 9d. 8 0 .. 4 superb new varieties of 1SS9, 1 of each, 1 S Single-flowered.— All the newest and most beautiful sort-, our selection ... »5 for 2s. tid. 4 6 ,. Pompon.— A splendid collection 6 for 2s. 3 rj Fuchsias.— Single and Double-flowered. All the most beautiful sorts. Strong young plants from single pots, to name ... 6 for 2s. 3 <5 ,, Extra choice sorts, to name ... 6 for 2.?. 6d. 4 6 ,, Four superb new rai teties, including Count. m of Aberdeen. 5s. 6d. MUflk.— Harrison 'a Giant, rine each, W. 3 6 Marguerites, or Parisian Daisies — in variety, tf for 2s. 3 6 .. Cloth of Gold, very large, beautiful golden- yellow Mowers ... " eai h. l"/. ; 3 for 8«. . 6 Pelargoniums. - All autumn-struck, well-rooted >oung plants from -ingle pots : — .. Single flowered Zonal, from our mngnifi- cent collection, Including the m-west and most beautiful sorts, to nnme ... 6 for 2s. tV/. 4 u ,, Extra choice and new varieties, to nume 6 for 3s. 6*1. 6 0 ,. Six sup'-rb new varieties of ]-s<.( ( IVanton's ;<. tid. ,. Double-flowered Zonal. A splendid clasi of tughiy our i Ine named --'/. 4 6 ,, Extra choice varieties 6 for 3*. 6<*. 6 0 ., Sn suparl w varietieeof 1889, U. 6d. ,. Double-flowered Ivy-leaved. \ m . .-Hi Laos, Splendid for pol s, hangiog baskets, vases, or for bedding varieties to name, verj . Btf. t >> ,. Extra cboii s sorts, to ni ... *'■> for 3s. 6d. 6 0 ., Three fine nevi varieties of 1889,4s. Pentstemons.— A beuutiful selection, in sturdy plants 6 fori*. 3 'i PhlOXes, Herbaceous Ail *!><• must .harming i trial as. B - -•'. i 6 Petunias, Double Fringed,— In beautiful i ...6 for 3s. I Begonias, Tuberous-rooted. Single, fa flowers, and in the most beautiful variety. Strong flowering ■ lunnant tubers, Splendid for pots per 100, 40s. 6 0 .. DOUble-flOWered, splendid varieties 9 o DANIELS BROS., TOWN CLOSE NURSERIES, NORWICH. PI IRRAN'^ LOVELY TEA KOSES, best sorts ULIUIIHH O in ,.,,, |9 ^ ,!„,,.„ . jtroneer lor forcing, j 6 1- ind St. M. eai h. I or ".•« , beautiful ■ Ust, (r.H. COBBAN, OldHeld N .r , i„ -. llti KELWAY'S GLADIOLI of uhidi we grow 30 Ac PYREIHRUMS ... „ .. 6 . GAILLARDIAS .. .. 5 , DELPHINIUMS 6 . DAHLIAS 5 . HERBACEOUS PLANTS ., .. 5 . Now is the Time to Plant. CATALOGUES ffj 17*15, KELWAY&SON, LANCPORT, SOIVIERSEr GOLD MEDAL. PARIS, 1889. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Price 3d., Post-free 3\d. W. RlCH/UtDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d_ rfHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, *- Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC, 1889. W. RICHABDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE SATURDAY, MAY L0, L890. THE [NTERNATIONAL EXHIBI- TION, EDINBURGH, L800. Tl I V. threat success of tho International Exhi- bition held in Edinburgh in lS.sti, led man; to think that another of much larger pro- portions might be undertaken with every as- surance of success in the present year. The projeol met with abundant encouragement, not only at home, but from all parts of the world there oame assurances of support. The general result is. that the Exhibition which was. opened on the 1st inst. by then Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Edinbuegh;, is the largest and most varied and complete exposition of up- to-date achievements in the arts and sciences ever brought together in Scotland. The electrical appliances, which form a central source of interest, are admitted to bethe fullest and most perfect show of the kind that has yet Keen seen in Itritain. These, along with other machinery, occupy a noble hall, which covers an area of about .'i acres, being 800 feet long, by loll feet wide. The main building, in which are located the multifarious British and foreign exhibits of industry and art, the picture galle- ries, &c, stands on an area of between 6 and 7 acres. On the opening day the whole exhibition was in as complete and orderly a condition as could be expecttd in such a large undertaking, involving such an infinitude of detail and mixed personal interest a circumstance that reflected most favourably on the energy and tact of the executive and staff, under the able direction of Mr. S. I Ilapty, the general manager. TliK ( (bounds Arc about 70 acres in extent, and beautifully situated at Merchistou, about 2h miles south- westward from the centre of the city. At all points charming views of the Braids and Craig- lockhart hills, lying a little to the south and west, are obtained, and the finely wooded Corstor- phine hill is equally pleasing and conspicuous as a boundary to the view on the north. With such an admirable i'< and. ample extent of sur- face, th.-. exi tcise of taste and skill could hardly fail to produce beautiful gardening feature 576 THE GAB DENE R S' CHRONI CL E. [Mat 10, 1890. These were all fully developed and completed on the opening day. The gardening committee, of which Mr. John Methven, of the firm of Messrs. Thos. Methven & Sons, is convener, are all gen- tlemen connected with horticulture, and they have been fortunate in securing the services as landscape gardener of Mr. James Brown, whose training under his father, Mr. Brown, gardener at Gosford, Bast Lothian, has eminently qualified him to carry out such work with taste and skill. On November 1 last, operations were com- menced in what was then chiefly arable farm land. Now the whole space unoccupied by the exhibition buildings, and various other erections scattered about the grounds for the amusement and recreation of visitors, is a charming garden with much variety of feature both in design and furnishing. The portion of the grounds lying to the south of the exhibition buildings, the latter extends from east to west, cutting the grounds in nearly two equal parts, is laid out in an extensive promenade flanked on either side with undulated bold masses of shrubs and trees, lawns and parterres. The shrubs and trees chiefly employed are Rhododendrons, Hollies, Aucubas, Berberis, Cupressus, Austrian Pine — the latter splendid specimens, as indeed are all other of the larger subjects. Very few deciduous trees have been made use of, they being less useful in producing immediate effects than ever- greens. The land lying to the north of the buildings has been laid out as a recreation ground, for sports, &C, and here also will the show of the Edinburgh Agricultural Society be held in the course of the summer. Among the amusements provided in another part of the grounds is a maze on the plan of that at Hampton Court. Nurserymen's Exhibits. By the royal entranoe at the east end of main buildings, Messrs. Thos. Methven & Sons, Edin- burgh, made a noble display of specimen and half specimen Hollies, standards and pyramids, rich in variety. The same firm also has a fine collection of choice Conifers, tastefully arranged in the parterre on one side of the grand pro- menade at the west end of the main building. In the collection were notable specimens of Sciadopitys verticillata, 7 feet high ; Abies con- color violacea, 6 feet ; Thuia elegantissima, 6 feet ; Cupressus Lawsoniana lutea, 6 feet, &c. On the opposite side of the grand promenade at this point, Messrs. Ireland & Thomson have a similar parterre filled with a more miscellaneous assortment of ornamental trees and shrubs. The arrangement is well adapted to the design, and the variety introduced is considerable. Large star- like beds, which form the centre of the design on either side of an intersecting walk which divides the parterre in two, are massed in sections with Golden Queen, Hodgin's, and Moonlight Hollies, relieved by golden and green Retinosporas, and have a very pleasing effect. Other of the larger beds were filled with miscellaneous and orna- mental evergreens, relieved by standard Weep- ing Willows and Spirsea arirefolia aurea, with its bright golden leaves just unfolding, is pretty freely used to impart brightness to the whole. On the left of the bridge near the band-stand, Messrs. James Dickson & Sons, Edinburgh, have a very fine group of choice Conifers and miscel- laneous evergreens, interspersed with choice de- ciduous ornamental trees and shrubs. The arrangement is light and elegant, and I may have to notice some of the deciduous components of the group later in the season. Near by this, Messrs. Ireland & Thomson have an excellent corner group of specimen Hollies, interspersed with ornamental deciduous trees. In the same neighbourhood, Messrs. Dickson & Co. have an extensive display of young and speci- men ornamental stock, planted in various styles in several large beds. In one large bed, bold, well-furnished specimens of Hodgin's Holly occupy the centre, and form a fine foil and back- ground to broad triangular masses of well- coloured Aucubas, Euonymus, Golden Box, Retinosporas, and other dwarf coloured Conifers, planted on the margins. Numerous standard, weeping, and erect ornamental deciduous trees are employed to give grace and variety to the outlines and circular beds of Violas in the fore- ground of the several groups, and lend a pleasing touch of colour to the whole. On the northern side of the grand promenade, by the bridge which spans the Suburban Railway, is the groundwork of an exhibit of ornamental trees and shrubs by Messrs. R. B. Laird & Sons, which was unfinished when my note taking, so far, came to an end, and I may have occasion to advert to it again. In closing my notes for the present, it may be of interest to readers who contemplate visiting Edinburgh during the season to know something of the facilities of access to the exhibition from the city. The Caledonian and the North British Railways each have stations within the Exhi- bition grounds, and visitors may book at either of the city or suburban stations at the fare of Is., including admission to exhibition. The tram- way cars run from all the central and eastern parts of the city to the grand entrance every few minutes, and offer the same facilities as the railway companies for cheap conveyance and admission. W. S. ( To be continued.) New or Noteworthy Plants. PTBB1S ENSIFORMIS, Barm., VICTORIA, Hort. Bull* VAR. This is a beautiful new variegated Pteris, recently imported by Mr. William Bull from the Eastern Archipelago. P. ensiformis of Burmann, better known as P. crenata of Swartz, is spread from the Himalayas southward to Ceylon, and eastward to North Australia, Samoa, and Fiji. It belongs to the less compound type of the genus, with free veins, and is allied to P. cretica and serrulata, differ- ing from the former in the barren and fertile fronds being more dissimilar, and two or three of the pairs of pinnse, not the lowest pair only, being com- pound at the base. Mr. Bull has bad prepared for his catalogue a coloured figure of the plant, which no doubt will be highly appreciated by Fern cultivators, and form one of the principal attractions of the exhibition and conference at Chiswick in July. J. G. Baker. Calanthe (§ Pbeptanthe) hobens, Ridley, n. sp.f Among several remarkable novelties discovered by Mr. Curtis in the Langkawi Islands, lying off the • Rootstock decumbent, subterranean. Fronds dimorphic, many to a tuft, the fertile ones in the centre on looger. more erect stipes, both kinds pinnate, with a loug linear end-seg- ment, and three or four distant pairs of sessile pinnae, all of which, or all but the uppermost pair are forked at the base. Fertile fronds with entire segments J inch broad, margined by the narrow sorus, the end one reaching a length of half a foot or more, the side ones shorter, all beautifully variegated throughout with close lanceolate white teeth extending from the midrib nearly to the edge, and furnishing a striking con- trast to the normal dark green colour of the ground-work Sterile fronds with broader, shorter segments, and less deci- dedly variegated, about 5 inch broad, and minutely inciso- crenate. t Calanthe (§ Prepttnthe) rubens, Ridley, n. sp. — Pseudo- bulbs segmented conical, deeply grooved, 6 inche9 long, and 1£ inch through at the base ; silvery coloured. Leaves not yet west coast of the Malay Peninsula, is a small but charming Calanthe of the Vestita section, which appears to be quite undescribed, probably having been mistaken previously for Limatodes rosea. It flowers readily and well, the flowers being numerous, pretty, and lasting a long time. Plants have already been sent to England. H. N. Ridley, Botanic Garden, Singapore. Plant Notes. ACALYPHAS. The members of this genus are inmates of the stove, some of them having very beautiful and rich- coloured foliage, and therefore useful for decorative purposes. The species are of easy culture and pro- pagation, and the latter operation may be carried on successfully at any time of the year, provided the cuttings be placed on a mild bottom-heat, rooting taking place in about ten days. I think the leaves will produce roots, but not buds. Very luxuriant foliage may be obtained by propagating some plants from time to time, and growing them on without stopping the point of the stem until it gets to about l! feet in height, when, by taking out the point, and striking it, a strong, vigorous shoot is made in a short space of time. Loam and leaf-mould, the former predominating, with the addition of some sand, is a suitable compost in which to grow them. A. eremorum is a but little known species, although superior in the matter of colour, some leaves being one-half dull vermilion-red, and the remaining half of the tint of a Copper Beech leaf, and it will occur that these colours appear in bars and blotches. On some of the leaves a secondary growth may be noticed, as if the leaf had some power of doubling itself. A. macrophylla, A. marginata, A. Wilkes- iana (syn. A. tricolor), and A. obovata. These are amongst the best that are worthy of cultivation. The inconspicuous flowers appear as feathery spikes. W. Harrow. Peroui.aria ouoratissima. This plant belongs to a genus of evergreen glabrous twiners, needing the same kind of cultural treat- ment as Petrea, Stephanotis, or the warm-house Passifloras. It has greenish-yellow, very fragrant flowers ; the calyx is five-parted, and the tube oblong; staminal corona five-leaved. Leaves 4 inches long, membranous, and opposite, cordate-acuminate, and slightly downy. The plant needs plenty of root room, and, indeed, it is better planted permanently, when large enough, in a 12-inch pot, and the roots allowed to ramble amongst loam and rubble. It is a plant that defies all attempts at keeping it in trim orderliness, and after the winter pruning, which consists of thinning out weak wood, and cutting back that which is left, nothing more may be done beyond training out leading shoots. It is much liked by greenfly, and requires occasional fumigation. It has mostly disappeared from our stoves, because, probably, it is seen. Scape nearly 2 feet, high, rising close to the bulb, grace- ful, nodding, woolly-pubescent, where it is not covered with sheath-leaves bright green. Sheath-leaves, about five, the lower ones closely appressed to scape, upper ones bright green, with a more developed lamina. Raceme about fourteen- flowered, flowers distant, pink, smaller than in C. vestita. Bracts ovate acuminate, finely pubescent green, 1 inch long, £ inch across. Pedicels with the ovary 2 inches long, pubes- cent woolly; slender dorsal sepal minutely pubescent, lanceo- late acuminate, acute mucronate. f inch long, ^ inch broad. Petals shorter, and more spatulate. The lateral sepals resemble the dorsal one, but have a longer mucro at the apex. Lip aduate tothecolumn at the base; lamina horizontal; lobes four, erect. Lateral lobes oblong erect, appressed to the column face; rose-pink, blunt; isthmus fairly long. The two ter- minal median lobes are rounded at the apex, somewhat diver- gent, with a small tooth between. The spur is filiform and curved, J inch long. The whole flower is rose-pink, just the colour of Limatodes ro-ea, except at the base of the lip, which is darker, and there are three raised lines. The column resembles that of vestita, the clinandrum fairly deep, the rostellum bilobed, the lobes short and rounded, derlexed ; the anther helmet-shaped, yellow, with a pink edge. The poltinia eight, in two packets, with a small oblong disc, al equal, and narrowly pyriform. Mat 10, 1890.] TIT!-: GARDENERS' CHROXICLE. 577 deficient in showiness, and is of no use as a cut bloom; but for filling up a sunny corner, and diffusing a most delicious fragrance it is worth growing. Petr.ka volcbilis. The above is a climbing shrub from Brazil, at One time often met with in stoves and warm con- servatories. It is an evergreen, with opposite, coriaceous, oblong, undulate leaves, 6 inches in length, and IV inches in breadth. The flowers, which appear in July form long pendent handsome racemes, have a five cleft violet-coloured corolla, and a blue calyx tube. The former is of short duration, but the latter, the most attractive, part of the blossom remains for a considerable period of time on the plant. The plant will grow in enriched loam or loam peat, and a little leaf mould and silver sand, the well-drained pot or tub in which it is planted being plunged in a hot bed or stood over the hot-water pipes. Propagation is by means of cuttings of the half-matured wood in a hot bed. DOBOXICCM PLANTAOINI-rM HXCELSUM, This is one of the best early-flowering hardy plants, and deserves to be planted in every garden, its blooms being of a bright yellow, and the size of small Sunflowers, which they resemble when ex- panded. The plant grows about 15 inches high, has stout stems, and hirsute pale green leaves, and the flowers are erect on the ends of the shoots, making them valuable when cut. Increase is by division of the plant, and may be effected at almost any time, but best early in the spring when the growth is com- mencing. The crowns may be planted in good soil, with manure well bnried. ?dle-shaped, bronzy leaves. The tips of the young shoots are of a golden colour where exposed to the light. 5?8 'the gardeners* chronicle. [aIay 10, isio. J. canadensis aarca, is of denser habit than the foregoing, and the leaves of a deeper green, not bronzy huf. Eetiimsporafilifcra aurca (hort.). — A form of the very elegant plant called in gardens by the above name, and distinguished by its golden colour. Chamacyparis sphrcroidea var., a beautiful form of the dwarf Cypress, in which the tips of the shoots are brilliant yellow. Picca excelsa mutabilis. — A variety of the common Spruce, in which the young expanding shoots are of a creamy-yellow colour and very beautiful in the sunlight. Abies orientalis aurca. — The young shoots of this variety are of a creamy-yellow colour, not so effective as many others, but no doubt opinions would differ as to its beauty. Abies Webbiana, — This noble Silver Eir needs no notice now further than an allusion to its buds, which form trumpet-shaped masses at the ends of the shoots, the numerous overlapping pale brown bud-scales forming a delicious contrast with the delicate green of the young leaves. The lower scales are chestnut-brown, rather resinous, the upper ones thinner, fringed at the edges, and more or less hairy. Abies hracteata. — A handsome and distinct Cali- fornian species, which we note now solely for the purpose of calling attention to the contrast formed by the large fawn-coloured bud and the dark green foliage. The buds are solitary at the ends of the shoots, nearly Ik inches long, obovoid, oblong, pointed ; the lower scales oblong obtuse, subcoria- ceous, gradually increasing in size, but diminishing in texture near the top. Among the newer Conifers two may be mentioned as specially interesting, but which are at present not large enough to enable one to form any opinion on their merits as decorative plants. Ttuga caroliniana. — This is a newly discovered Hemlock Spruce, of which a figure and description will be found in th.3 Gardeners' Chronicle, 18S6, Dec. IS, p, 781. It is somewhat stiller than the ordinary forms ; the leaves are narrower than in the Japanese forms, some sharply pointed, others obtuse, but not notched at the apex, all finely serrulate near the tips, dull green above, paler beneath. The plants are as yet too small to enable us to form any opinion as to their decorative value. Pieea Omorika. -This is the Servian Spruce, figured in the Gardeners' Chronicle, 1884, Mar. 8, p.309, and still very rare in collections. In general appear- ance it is not unlike the Japanese P. ajanensis, with which, indeed, it has been associated by Willkomm in a special group characterised by the nearly flat, not four-sided leaves. The shoots are fawn-coloured, with a few short, straggling, blackish hairs. The leaves about % inch long, linear, mucronate, dull green above, white beneath, with four rows of stomata on either side of the prominent midrib. The buds are small, rounded, pointed, chiefly produced near the ends of the shoots, and covered with brown, mem- branous, dry, obovate, pointed scales, the uppermost of which form a cap, and are pushed off as the bud lengthens, It is a rapidly-growing species. P. excelsa Eemonti is a remarkable variety of the common Spruce, with a very dense, compact, pyra- midal habit, recalling that of Cupressus Lawsoni erecta viridis. A few disjointed memoranda must bring this notice to a close. Later in the season we may hope to pay other visits to this delightful treasure-house. Fagus Solanderi.—A Beech with very slender, wiry, spreading brancl-.es, and small, roundish, undu- late, brownish leaves, each about \ inch long. A curiosity, resembling in general habit the curious Polygonum, known as Muhlenbeckia complexa. Sambuats racemoea serratifoliut. — This is a variety of the red-berried Elder, remarkable for its large and deeply laciniate leaves. It is handsome and free-growing, and may, therefore be recommended for general cultivation in shrubberies where sufficient space can be given to it. Oemantlw.s myriifoliut may be recommended as an excellent evergreen, and one which, from its thick leathery leaves, is adapted for cultivation in towns and shady places. The leaves are like those of a Privet. Olearia lacuiwsa. — We have not seen the flowers of this, but even in its present state it is amply worth notice, the shrub (which is a native of New Zealand), having a peculiar appearance, like an Aralia, with loosely arranged, linear leaves, about 7 inches long, half an inch wide, thick, leathery, deep green, and rugose on the upper surface, along the centre of which runs a thick yellow midrib ; lower surface covered with dense fawn-coloured felted hairs. Bambusa tessellata (hort.). — The Bamboo, so named, has broadly lanceolate leaves (6 by 2 inches), which at first are entirely green, but as winter comes on, they die at ,the margin, leaving the central disc green, surrounded by a broad whitish stripe, which is very effective when seen at a distance. The ordi- nary Bambusa metake of gardens has been much browned by the frost of the early part of March, but, like the Eucalyptus coccifera, is not materially injured. Cytisus Adami. — It was with no ordinary pleasure that we saw a row of Laburnum Stocks worked with Cytisus purpureus and cognate forms, with a view to test the origin of the famous Cytisus Adami. Year after year, as astonished correspondents send us flowers of this variety, we have longed to institute trials at Chiswick or elsewhere, and have in vain pressed the desirability of so doing upon nurserymen and amateurs. Now it appears that, at the instiga- tion of Dr. Romanes, Mtssrs. Veitch have under- taken the task. No more competent experimenters could be found, and we trust that their careful experiments and records will do much towards illus- trating the subject. It must be remembered that graft-hybridisation, once deemed almost impossible, now seems much more easily explicable, since we have been taught by Walter Gardiner, Francis Dar- win, and others, of the movement of protoplasm from cell to cell, and the consequent " continuity of protoplasm." Similarly the recent investigations of Strassburger and of Guignard of the fusion of the two nuclei in the process of fecundation, render such productions, as that we are speaking of, less anomalous than previously they appeared to be. Orchid Notes and Gleanings. ODONTOGLOSSUM CKISPUM VAR. OUTEAMI", Orchid Album, t. 403. A finely spotted variety of this popular Orchid. Catt.i.ta maxima Marchettiaxa. A native of Ecuador. The bulbs of this fine variety are club-shaped, and distinct from those of any other Cattleya. Each bears only a single leaf. The flowers are 5 inches across, deep purple, blotched with crimson-lake. A noble flower, figured in the Orchid Album, t. 401. Mr. Williams points attention to the necessity of exercising judgment in the matter of shading which is often continued after the danger from too great exposure is passed. L.EUA DoRMANNIANA. Segments narrow, lanceolate, olive-green, with purple spots, lip three lobed, lateral lobes erect, con- volute, pale lilac, central lobe flattish, roundish, rich violet. Mr. Williams doubts the alleged hvbridity of this species, which is a native of Bio Janeiro. It has evergreen leaves, and flowers in late autumn or early winter. The same treatment as that appro- priate for Lnslia elegans is recommended for it. Orchid Album, t. 400. Calamthe MtlesiiX, said to be the result of a cross between C. nivalis, a white form of C. vestita, and C. VeitchiiX. The flowers of the new hybrid are of the purest white, with a tinge of yellow on the crest at the base of the lip. It is recommended that Calanthes should be grown in pots or in baskets suspended from the roof. DENDKOBIUM WaRDIANUM vab. Lowi. Lindenia, t. 225. A robust form of this splendid Orchid, which is identical with D. Wardiauum giganteum. L.T.UA ANCEPS, VAR. IIvEANA. Lindenia, t. 226. A fine white variety with very broad segments, the lateral lobes of the lip striped with purple at the base. The centre is flushed with yellow. PhALJEXOPSIS SCHILLERIANA. A fine illustration of this handsome species is given in the Lindenia, t. 227. CVPRIPEDIUJI nARBATO X VeitchianuM. Lindenia, t. 228. A handsome hybrid, with tes* selated foliage, and flowers intermediate in character between those of the parents. MiLTONIA VEXILLARIA AT MeRTON. Eight hundred plants of one species of Orchid is a large number to be found in one garden, yet there are more than that number of Miltonia vexillaria in Wm. Handel Cannon, Esq.'s Garden at Avenue Lodge, Merton Park ; and considering the beauty and wide variation in colour of this handsome "Banner Orchid," there is ample excuse for forming such a large collection of them. The plants, which have all been grown from very small imported piece?, have that beauty of health and vigour which would cause envy in many who do not grow this section of Miltonia to perfection ; they are all of the large- flowered type, and are, for the greater part, yet in bud. Among those already expanded are two extra- ordinary forms, the one with lilac-veined flowers, the other with bright rosy-crimson flowers, edged with white, the petals being white, with a yellow line down the middle. A batch of M. Roezlii, and a few of M. Phalainopsis doing equally well, prove that Mr. Cannon has grasped the proper method of growing these plants. So far as we can glean the method pursued is very simple : the plants are on the side stages of a cool-house which is not allowed to get below 50° or so in winter ; they are in com- paratively small pots, and are kept moist all the year round, a dewing with the syringe not sufficiently heavy to run down the foliage, being given daily at all seasons, and in all weather. Beyond this the plants have plenty of light, but not bright sunlight, let in on them, and fumigation which has wrecked many a fine lot of these plants is never resorted to. In several other neat span-roofed houses at Merton Park are quantities of Odontoglossum crispum, O. Pescatorei, and indeed a general collection of showy cool-house Orchids, and also of Ladiasand Cattleyas. Lrclia purpurata used to be grown and flowered here in marvellous perfection when the plants stood on inverted pots over a tank, but since the tank has been altered and staging fixed, they, although good, are not so fine as they used to be. Among the Den- drobes in flower, D. crassiuode and D. primulinum were specially good. There were also many Cypri- pedium callosum, C. hirsutissimum, and others; a batch of Ada aurantiaca, Cattleya citrina, C. inter- media, Odontoglossum odoratum albidum, O. o. gloriosum, and the various other Odontoglossums, Masdevallias, Lycastes, &c, of the season. Arpophtllum gioantecm. Arpophyllums are amongst the easiest of Orchids to cultivate, succeeding admirably in a light position in a greenhouse. The potting compost should be of a sustaining nature, and may consist of rough, lumpy, fibry peat, with bits of charcoal and broken crocks mixed through it, sticking in tufts of growing sphagnum moss all over the-surface. As they enjoy Copious supplies of water while growing, the drain- age should be good ; however, when growth is com- pleted, less water will be required, but they should never be permitted to get so dry as many other epiphytal subjects. A. giganteum is in many respects Mat io, ismi THE GA8DENEBS' CEROXlCLE. 579 similar to the smaller and earlier flowering A. spicatum, but it has longer leaves and pseudobulbs; and the leaves and inflorescence are borne at the apex of slender psendobulbs from a foot to 13 inches in length. The in florescence consists of densely packed cylindrical spikes, about half the length of the leaves or pseudobulbs ; the flowers are of a dark purple and rose colour, and they last several weeks in perfection. The plant is a nseful and distinct decorative subject. /•". R. DtACSIUM eicorxctcm. Some growers tell us that this is a somewhat capricious and refractory plant, and we have occa- sionally seen it in a condition which seemed to bear out this statement. However, recently I have seen it in several gardens doing well. It is a plant which evidently likes a high moist temperature, a maximum amount of light, and not much material about the roots ; thus indicating shallow baskets hung up near to the glass as being proper for it. A year or two ago a correspondent favoured us with a few newly imported bits, which at the time we had little hopes of establishing, and which for many months remained quiescent. Suspended in a basket of crocks on the roof of a low plant stove, young growths eventually were developed which have now produced growths nearly 1 foot long, and these have long ago been transferred to the usual fibry peat, crocks, and sphagnum compost used to fill baskets. These last growths are now producing their fragrant spikes of pure white flowers, or rather white sepals and petals, the lip being spotted with crimson, and the crest tinged with yellow. The flowers are of good substance, and nseful for cutting. F. Ross, Pendell Court. MUSHROOM CULTURE. There has been lately a good deal of discussion in the pages of the gardening press on the interest- ing subject of Mushroom growing, and as the opinions therein expressed are somewhat diversified and conflicting, I am induced to onvr a few remarks with reference to my own actual experience. I altogether waive the scientific part of the sub- ject. I will leave that to others, preferring to stick to the practical part, as one best calculated to be of tangible benefit to growers in general. I give the following account of my procedure, with the one simple object of perchance being of some little help to those who may possibly have sometimes failed in their attempts to produce paying crops of this much coveted esculent, believing, as I do, that a free circulation of opinion, and more especially of actual experience and results among English growers — not only on the subject of Mushrooms, but on all other matters connected with the market produce of gar- den and glasshouse — would at least assist in stem- ming the flood of foreign importations, and thus benefit the hard-working British growers. I am a grower of Mushrooms for market on a moderate scale, and have no reason to complain of want of success hitherto in a pecuniary point of view. I have no properly constructed houses, but grow the Mushrooms on the floors of unheated sheds, in summer, and in the paths of my glass- houses all the year round, and the following includes my modus operandi : — Preparation of Manure. — This I procure in large quantities at a time ; or, fay, I have four empty beds that I wish made up. 1 procure the manure for these all at one time, and just as it is thrown from the stables. This I throw into a heap in the open air, without removing a single straw, no matter how rough and strawy the mass may be. This heap I turn, on an average, three times a week, and it is exposed during the time to all weathers. If the heap be very rough and strawy, it will be sure to heat dry and white, especially if no rain falls during the process of turning and "making." In this case I add water freely during the act of turning, which assists in the "making." Duiing high winds the process of heating is retarded, and when this occurs I tread the heap hard down, and shelter the weather side with boarding, which I have always at hand. The process of making, if the dung is " long," gene- rally occupies about four weeks ; if shorter, about three. When the dung, from the effects of turning and watering, becomes moderately short, brown- coloured, hot, and moist, but not wet, it is ready to be put into the beds. Making-tip the Beds.— These I fill up to a depth of 12 inches with the prepared dung. The mass is well shaken up as it is brought into the house, and as evenly laid down as possible, and is then at once trodden down firm ; the depth of dung, when hard trodden down, will usually be about 9 inches. I consider this quite enough, and any more merely a waste of manure. I can remember once running rather short of dung, and forming a bed that, when trodden down, was not more than 6 inches thick, and it did quite as Will as the thicker ones put down at the same time. Spawning. — My rule is to insert the spawn the moment I find the heat is not on the rise, which I find out by the thermometer; but I do not hesitate to spawn in a good strong heat, believing that to be much better than to allow the beds to fall to any- thing like a low degree of temperature. I use the spawn in goodly pieces, and at the rate of about 1 bushel to 50 square feet. These pieces are tucked in, as it were, under the dung with the aid of pointed pieces of iron \ inch in diameter, and about a foot long. With such instruments the work of spawning can be got through very rapidly. Boiling the Beds— This work I perform the mo- ment the beds are spawned, putting on a layer of about 2 inches in thickness when rammed down, which is done at once. I use fresh loam when I can get it, but when not procurable, I use ordinary- garden mould, and after an experience extending over some years, I must confess that, so far as regards the quantity of Mushrooms produced, the one kind of soil seems to be quite as efficacious as the other. The only advantage maiden mould has over ordinary garden soil is, that it produces fewer weeds, which of course is a consideration. But rather than go to the expense of bringing fresh loam from great distances, I would prefer to use ordinary garden soil. II wring, — This, I often think, is the most im- portant point in Mushroom growing, especially under glass roofs, and where there is no foliage above to protect the beds from the rays of the sun. When I first began Mushroom growing in the paths of my house?, this question of watering puzzled me greatlv. My beds were continually getting dry, and I kept as continually watering them. I felt that all this was wrong; so, until I could think out a better plan, I covered my beds with a thin coating of clean straw all over, which answered fairly well, the straw pre- venting such rapid evaporation as took place before. There was, however, this to be said against it : first, that one could not see when the Mushrooms made their first appearance on a newly-formed bed, which we are anxious to do ; secondly, when the Mush- rooms had to be gathered, there was always a great deal of trouble attached to the removal and replace- ment of the straw ; and, thirdly, the straw proved to be an undoubted shelter for woodlice and slugs. After a little thought, I hit upon a plan which I at once adopted, and have had working for some years with very satisfactory results. I shall here attempt to describe it. The paths of the houses are, of course, excavated to the depth required for the recep- tion of the dung, and lined on each side with brick walls, one brick thick. Fixed into these, at intervals of 6 feet, are crossbeams 3 inches by 3 inches, and on the top of these, in the middle of the bed, and nailed to the cross-pieces, runs a thick plank that will not spring. This is used as a gangway, or place to walk and wheel on. Lengths of wood of the same dimensions as the cross-pieces are fixed on the top of the walls running the whole length of the bed. On these are hinged shutters, made of wood, an inch in thickness, on each side of the gangway, and 0 feet long, or so that each shutter will catch on the cross-bars for support when down, and so wide as to fit closely to the gangway, and the arrange- ment is complete. Tor examination of the bed, watering, weeding, and gathering crop, all that is required is to raise a shutter where you please — by the way, they are all fitted with wooden handles, firmly secured — and set it back. It then stands upright, having for support the greater part of the thickness of the wall-plate. When the examination is over, the shutters are gently laid back in their places, and all is darkness and comfort underneath. This arrangement is a little expensive at first, but that is soon covered by the saving of labour, and the greater comfort in working the beds. With this arrangement the workpeople can walk on the gang- way and shutters over the whole surface of the beds in prosecuting the work of training Vines or Tomatos, as the case may be ; whereas, with only a single plank running up the middle, slips of the feet were constantly occurring, much to the detriment of the Mushrooms underneath. After spawning and moulding, the beds are allowed, of course, to remain without water till nearly the end of the sixth week, when they receive a gentle sprinkling of tepid water daily till the moisture reaches the manure, after which the Mush- rooms soon appear. When this takes place, the boarding on top of the beds is kept wetted by the syringe three or four times a day, according to the weather, which has a wonderful effect in keeping the beds below in a uniform state of moisture. I may mention that when I began to grow Mush- rooms first in my glasshouses, I had the bottoms of the beds concreted, but partial, and som.t'ines total, failure was the result. Judging the cause, I had the concrete removed, with good crops as a result. In conclusion, I may state that my average yield of Mushrooms per square foot of bed, is about 1$ lb., which yields a satisfactory profit. Market Gardener. WHAT IS BEAUTY IN COLOUR AND FOKMP On April 2'2 there was a fine show of Primulas of all sorts at the Drill Hall ; there was also a small collection of Amaryllis. One of these (I think its name was El Mahdi) was of a deep rich crimson throughout; it had not the orthodox broad petals that the florist adores in this flower, and, moieover, it had not the orthodox form of overlapping petals. While I was admiring the grace of this particular flower, I heard a gentleman tell the man in charge, " If you can get that colour into that form " — pointing to the Empress of India — " it will do." Now, that crimson Amaryllis, to my mind, had great artistic beauty of form, and it had a particu- larly interesting slight curl in its petals, which the Empress of India has not, and cannot have, owing to its great breadth of petal and regular form. Here is a case of what may, perhaps, be called seeing a flower only through a florist's spectacles. He feels a craving for reducing all variations of form, in any group of flowers, to one dead level — a glaring wheel-like, broad-petalled uniformity. The botanist has, I think, the advantage of the florist; he revels in wild forms, and fails to be delighted by the tailor- ing of all the exquisite little natural oddities and variations into a uniform pattern. I think the rising generation of horticulturists would be able to see beauty in other forms than a regular circular outline if, besides a training as horticulturists, they were able to get a training from an artist's point of view. I might, perhaps, be told that the commercial florist is a manufacturer, and he produces what people care to buy. But is this so? Has training in art in the manufacturer nothing to do with the tastes of the people ? Perhaps it used to be thought so, but now, instead of the staring red, blue, and yellow fabrics which at one time met the eye, we see the most exquisite shades of colour arranged in a hun- dred ways, so that the shops are tilled with an optical music, which gives repr-se and contentment to the brain. All this is the effect of training manufacturers in a new art— the ait of appreciating 580 THE GAB D EXE 2? S' C HBO XI CLE. 1.May 10, 1890. other colours than staring colours, and other forms than round and square. It is the coquettish quaintness of form in Orchids, varied in a hundred way.", which produces a never- ending fascination. The same small number of elements — three sepals, two petals, a lip, and a column varied in an infinite number of ways, with as many various tints— can produce all the Kaleido- scopic variations of Orchids. If they were all made round, they might still possess the charm of uni- formity, which is perhaps not a trifling one, but they would lose the charm of variation. That El Mahdi had a piquancy of form of its own. It would be a pity not to retain it, and breed others in that direction. Size, roundness and broadness of pttals are not the only charms of flowers. E. B. GAYLUSSACIA FKONDOSA. The genus Gaylussacia, named in honour of Gay Lussac, a celebrated French chemist, 1778—1850, belongs to the natural order Vacciniacea;. There are about forty known species, but little grown, half hardy evergreen or deciduous shrubs, of American origin. G. frondosa has purple-green flowers, dis- posed in a few axillary slender racemes. These appear in May and June, and are succeeded by dark purple berries with a white bloom, like our own Whortleberry, and. like them, are pleasant eating when cooked. Height, 3 to 6 feet. For our illustra- tion (fig. 03) we are indebted to Dr. Dieck, of the Arboretum, Merseburg. THE ECONOMIC USES OF LEAVES. Or the three divisions of Nature's products, man is most chiefly indebted to the vegetable kingdom, whether for his food, medicine, or domestic com- forts. Every part of plants and trees is more or less utilised by savage and civilised men, and a common category might be furnished by the various uses of the separate parts — the roots, stems, sap, bark, fruit and seeds, and leaves. If we take the last- named, the foliage, apparently the most insignificant part of the plant, how dependent are we on these for food, clothing, medicine, dyes, stains, and various comforts. The miscellaneous application of leaves for different purposes as domestic appliances, and for manufacturing uses, of themselves, would furnish a long list ; some few of these we may pass under notice, because their adaptability and usefulness are mainly confined to tropical countries. It is true that some leaves have been utilised by the paper- maker, as in those of the dwarf Palm, Maize leaves, and others, but this is only on a small scale. The leaves of many l'alms are largely employed for making hats. Those best known are Panama hats, so named from being shipped from that port. These are made from the finely-plaited fibre of the leaves of a South American Screw-pine (Carludo- vica palmata). These hats are much prized for wear in the Tropics, being light and flexible, and can be washed and bleached repeatedly. The tree has no stems, the leaves have long slender petioles, springing from the ground ; they are some 2 feet long, Ian- shaped, and four-parted, each segment being again ten-cleft, so that when folded in venation, each seg- ment on its own rib, there are eighty layers in a young leaf. The tree occurs only on the slopes of the Andes. About 200,000 dozens of these hats are made in Ecuador and different States of South America. These hats are distinguished from all others by consisting only of a single piece, and by their lightness and flexibility; they may be rolled up and put in the pocket without injury. In the rainy season they are apt to get black, but by wash- ing with soap and water, besmearing them with lime- juice, or any other acid, and exposing them to the sun, their whiteness is easily restored. The plaiting of the hats is very tedious and troublesome ; the coarse ones may be finished in two or three days, but the fine ones take as many months to plait. It Commences at the crown, and finishes at the brim, The hats are made on a block, which is placed upon the knees, and requires to be constantly pressed with the breast. The hats vary in .price, according to fineness and quality, from 20s. to as many pounds. The unexpanded fronds of Livistonia australis, prepared by being immersed in boiling water, are dried, and the fibre thus obtained is much valued for the manufacture of hats in Australia, which much resemble the celebrated Panama hats. The rough leaves of the Chuinico (Curatella americana) and of Davilla lucida are used for clean- ing iron, and polishing and scouring wood. Curatella alata is used in the West Indies for polishing bows, sabres, &c; and C. sambaiba in Brazil— indeed, they serve all the purposes of sand-paper to the Indians for polishing their blow-pipes and war clubs. The leaves of Celtis orientalis are used for polishing horns in the East Indies. foot in breadth, and the same in length. Sewn together with twigs, they also serve for baskets for holding pepper, turmeric, and ginger, and are like- wise used for thatching. 1_ nder the name of "Chattahs," a kind of um- brella hat or sun-shade is made in the East of the leaves of the Licuala peltata and the Talipot Palm, or a Plantain leaf. These Chattah hats are much worn by the ploughmen, cowkeepers, and coolies of Bengal and Assam. The large fan-shaped leaves of the Talipot Palm (Corypha flabelliformis) are like those of the Pal- myra Palm, carried over the heads of people of rank as an umbrella, and are also used for making books, and for various domestic purposes. The leaves are also cut up into neat bracelets, worn by Santal girls in India. Those of Vanda Koxburghii, split, are also worn by them as anklets. Those of another Pig 93.— r.AVLUiSAcu frondosa : flowers GnfiENiSH-PCBPLE : jerries dark dixe, with A WHITE BLOOM. The foliage of Guiacum officinale is very detersive, and is frequently used in the West Indies to scour and whiten floors, which it is said to do better than soap. Leaves sown together are much used in India as substitutes for the plates and dishes of more civilised life. It is not always poverty that leads natives to use them in preference to metal or porce- lain articles, as caste or custom has often some influence in the matter. The leaves principally used are those of the Egyptian Lotus (Nelurubium speciosumi, Bauhinia species, Semecarpus anacar- dium, Butea frondosa; those of the Banyan (Ficus bengalensis), by Brahmins, and the Plantain-leaf (Musa paradisaiaca). The leaves of Bauhinia Vahlii are used in the construction of the curious, rude leaf-bellows in Sikkim, with which the natives of the hills smelt iron. These leaves, when sown together, are used as plates, cups, rough tablecloths, rain-hats and caps. The leaves are heart-shaped, and above a species, Borassus .tthiopicus, occur as much as 12 feet across ; they serve also for the manufacture of baskets, mats, ropes, and sieves. The leaves of Bfipa fruticans attain a height of 15 to 20 feet, pre- senting a very handsome appearance, resembling the fronds of huge Ferns. This graceful Fistern Palm is utilised in various ways, the principal being in the manufacture of thatching for house-roofs, in the East called " Ataps." This manufacture is quite an industry of itself, and affords employment to many natives, chiefly women, the men simply bringing cargoes of the fronds to the women, to be stitched with split rattans, and made up. Atap roofs are the best adapted for these climates, for while the winds are never strong enough to blow them away, they afford the coolest protection against the sun of any kind of roofing known. The leaves of the Palmyra Palm (Borassus flabelli- formis) were formerly used like paper, to write books on, and to this day they are applied to this purpose in Orissa, Southern India, and Ceylon, where an iron May 10, 1890.] THE GA ED E XE li S ' C HI? 0 X I G L E. 581 style is employed to write upon them ; in certain parts of Bengal young children use them to write the alphabet lessons on. They are largely employed for making pans, bags, winnows, hats, umbrellas, and for thatching, &c. The leaf takes a dye well, and is worked up in Madras into pretty coloured patterns in baskets and mats. The slips of Talipot and other Palm leaves are coming into European commerce for the manu- facture of ornamental braids, and in the construc- tion of straw, or Leghorn hats. The fibre obtained from the base of the leaves of the Ohusan Palm (Cbannerops FortuneH is used by the Chinese (or making hats and coarse clothing. The sale of Palm leaves for decorative purposes in the towns of Elche and Alicante in Spain, produces a considerable income to the towns. Kadjan mats, manufactured out of Nipa leaves, aje the alkaloid papain which they contain, and which acts as a solvent. For cordage and other textile purposes, number- less leases are used, and they serve very generally for packing and wrapping up small parcels in India. In Guiana, Tibisiri fibre is obtained from the inner surface of the spiral leaves of the Ita Palm < Mauritia flexuosa); it is used by the Indians for making hammocks, &c. The leaves are cut before they are open, and the midrib separated by drawing each division of the leaf through the finger and thumb. After drying, the fibre is ready for use without further preparation. About a quarter of a pound may be procured from each leaf, and if the central leaf is left uninjured, no evil effect is pro- duced on the tree. Bags or matting could be cheaply and easily made from this fibre, as well as tiat?, similar to those known as Panama, Fid 94, DIERVILIJI MlDDEXDQRriAS'A : FLOWHBS SPLWH7B-WHIT8. indispensable for travelling purposes ; packed up in the smallest compass when not required, each mat is capable of affording sufficient cover at night for two or three persons, either in boat or forest journeys. They also form, almost exclusively, the material for side-walli and divisions within houses. The young leaf unfolded and dried, under the name of Boko, forms the favourite covering for cigarettes in the Malayan Peninsula in preference to paper. The large leaves of the Teak tree (Tectona grandis) are used for plates, for packing, and for thatching. The leaves of Cordia mi xa are employed as plates in Pegu, and to cover Burmese cheroots. In Bangalore the leaves of Canna indica are used by the natives in lieu of plates, to serve their Bagi or Millet puddings and other dishes on. The leaves of the Papaw tree (Carica papaya) are employed by the negroes in washing linen, as a sub- stitute for soap. They have also the property of rendering meat wrapped in them tender, owing to The foregoing is only a brief enumeration of some of the many uses to which leaves are industriously applied. P. I,. Sim 4) has sulphur-yellow blossoms, Gloxinia-like in form, and is in beauty not excelled by any other of the genus. Diervillas are plants of graceful habit, well adapted for groups by themselves, for solitary plants on the lawn, or the front parts of shrubberies. They do best in soil that has some peat in it, and repay good cultivation, We are indebted to Dr. G, Dieck, of the National Arboretum, Zoescben, near Merseburg, Germany, for our illustration. Nursery Notes. MR. BULL'S ORCHID SHOW, The unequalled show of Orchids in flower at Mr, Bull's, establishment in the King's Road is open for inspection, and, as usual, draws daily great numbers of admirers of these beautiful plants. The same house as before is set apart for the plants, and we think that, if anything, more good taste is dis« played in its arrangement; the banks of blossoms are smoother, the colours harmonised better, and there is what has to be considered in so limited a space, more elbow-room ; and, need it be said, the cour- teous proprietor and his assistants are ever at hand to atl'ord the visitor every information that may be needed. Mr. Bull tells us, and we believe him, that the display of bloom is better than heretofore at this early part of the season. There are indeed fewer Cattleya Trianms, these flowering early, and not to be easily retarded, but the paucity in this respect is more than compensated by the fine-blos« somed Miltonia (Odontoglossum) vexillaria, Odonto- glossum crispum.O. Pescatorei, and Cattleya Mendelii, in considerable variety. Of varieties of Miltonia, mention should be made of M. vexillaria picta, with deep mauve ground colour on the broad lip, and a margin of white round the upper segments of the bloom ; another M. v., named rubra, has deep colouring, but no bor- dering of white. The older M. v. striata seemed to begetting numerous, and the old style of M. v. were, so to say, all over the place. Amongst these nothing very large, and consequently of great price, was noted, but all were nice marketable stuff. The numerous Odontoglossum citrosmum, which add so much to the pervading fragrance of the house, are in much variety, ranging from pure white to white shaded with rose or light purple. Nearly all are hung up, and show good culture in their massive bunches of blossoms. Cymbidium Lowianum, with their long streamers of sulphur-green blossoms, with an intense crimson-coloured lip, were the conspicuous plants of the collection. Dendrobiums, not uumerous but very conspicuous, were Farmeri denaiflorum, and a new form of it with primrose-yellow lip instead of an orange-coloured one, ns in the type— a distinct pretty thing; 1). Bry- merianum, small plants, the colour very desirable where all or nearly all is white, purple, and scarlet ; I). Deari, I). Wardianum in a basket, an object of much beauty — noone should train these pendent Den- drobes to upright sticks ; it is barbarity. In Cattleyas mention should be made of the following :— 0. Mossiie marginata, C. Illustris, a Mendelii, with a very superb li]i, and markings of the same colour on the sepals ; many C. Mendelii, showing large flowers; and some variations from each other; C. M. imperialis, a large plant, is one of the finest, and almost equalled By C. M. princeps. C. Schroderi, many of these, some varying somewhat in tint, the frilling round the lip in some instances excessive— always a point to admire— and in several the orange interior of the throat more or less conspicuous, called for notes of exclamation. C. Lawrenceana has almost ex- tinguished the older C. Skinneri, which looks ot a miserably pale shade of purple beside it ; of the former, the collection was rich in specimens of good sue, anil healthy. Angrajcum modestum is pretty always, and in a basket more especially, numbers of this plant in bloom were observed. Another small flowered gem is Ornithoceplmlus grandiflora, the specific name an absurdity for a minute green and white flower, no larger than a Lily of the Valley. It is green and white coloured, and blooms in short clusters. Taken as a whole, the 582 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE [Mat 10, 1890. most numerous class of Orchids in the show-house are Odontoglossums, and of these the variety is very great, the flowers and flower-spikes most unusually large and massive, the 0. crispums more especially. These latter, owing to the numerous importations from the best districts, are last becoming less stellate in form of bloom, and thicker in sepal and petal— both improvements of great value in a flower that is used so much when cut from the plant. One form of it, named deli- cata, has brown spots on a white ground. Of distinct species of Odontoglossums we may specify some that Mr. Bull exhibits at the present time : — O. notabile, from United States of Columbia; O. trium- phant chrysolorum, much more golden than the type, and therefore showier — the barring is less marked ; 0. ornatum, a natural hybrid form, very showy in creamy-white and brown ; O. Marshallianum, with very fine large spikes of yellow and brown bloom; 0. Edwardi, a fine spike of flowers of a purple colour, small in size, but numerous; 0. (Miltonia) Roezlii, the well-known 0. papilio, a gorgeous brown moth, suspended apparently on nothing at all when seen from a little distance; O. Ehrenbergii, appa- rently of the Cervantesi section of Odontoglots, but the lip is smooth at the margin instead of fringed, and no spotting is remarked on the upper segments of the blossom ; and of Cervantesi many were noticed grown in small baskets. 0. cordatum, with brown sepals and petals, and a white heart-shaped lip, is a conspicuous and distinct species; and some flowering O. Harryanum, in their rich brown and primrose-yellow, were noted; also O. Halli leuco- glossum, with white lip minutely fringed. Lycaste Skinneri were not yet out of bloom, and rubella picta was in flower — it is a very nice thing; also L. S. alba; L. gigantea carried a few of its peculiar dull-coloured blooms. L. Schilleriana was another of modest colouring, and belongs to the same section as L. plana. The plants of Lielia purpurata were healthy, large, and well bloomed ; and mention may be made of L. p. Russelliana, with splendid murkings ; L. p. Victoria, a remarkable variety, with creamy-white sepals and petals, and very rich purple lip, was one of the best in the show. It is a plant which con- trasts well with the more common form of L. pur- purata. The display was brightened in places by groups of Masdevallia Lindeni, Harryana splendens, and H. coccinea, and the more curious looking con- chifera, trochilus, chiimera, and Benedicti. Here and there were inserted small colonies of Cypripediums of the best forms, as Curtisi.caudatum, with very fine lip aud long tails ; Sallieri, and selligerum majus. Of other species of note there were : — Gongora portentosa, sepals and petals white, spotted with brown, and a lip bending backward of pale yellow ; several Oncidiums, including cornigerum, bicor- nutum, superbum, and fuscatum. Several Vanda suavis well bloomed ; the rosy red Mesospinidium Banguineum, well furnished with its sprays of bloom ; Scuticaria Dodsoni, Angrfficum Leonis, Brassia Kayi gigantea. B. Keiliana, a curious flower, with one half of the bloom ascending perpendicularly and the other descending ; the lip is creamy-white, and other parts dark brown in colour. Plants of Cymbidium eburneum were numerous and well flowered. Without professing to give a list of all the species of Orchids in the show, the above will be found to contain nearly everything that is choice or rare in a very fine collection. From the reserves, fresh plants in variety will take the place of those past their best, and in that way the interest in the show will constantly be renewed until the end of the season. Effects of Grafting. — We have read of some Btrange attempts at the renewal of yonth lately — attempts which seem more tinged with romance than founded on fact ; hut gardeners are familiar with tile pruc-ss and Mr. Blackmork tells us that when he desiivs to njiveiiate an old Pearstock he can generally succeed in so doing by encasing upon it a scion or scions of PiUiiaslon Duchess. On the other hand, Duchesse Pificoce, when grafted on a stock, almost as surely kills it. Trees and Shrubs. RHUS (SUMACH). These are several varieties of this shrub in culti- vation. R. Cotinus, R. glabra, and R. glabra laciniata, are the most desirable varieties to grow in ornamental grounds. The large terminal panicles of flowers of R. glabra are succeeded by bright red berries, and the handsomely cut feathery leaves of R. glabra lacinata have a telling effect. The plants flourish in any light rich soil and away from the shade of trees, and attain a height of from 5 to 9 feet, according to variety, soil, and situation. The shoots should be thinned out and spurred iu every year, in order to secure a good supply of strong young shoots well furnished with leaves. H. W. W. Cl'DONIAS, of which there are several varieties, are all showy plants, and are first-rate for rockwork or raised places, as they trail and show off in such situations to advantage. The scarlet- flowering kinds are very brilliant, and have blooms as large as those of a wild Rose. They should be planted in poor sandy soil, as then they ripen their wood, and flower abundantly. Weioela is an attractive bush, Van Houttii being perhaps the best ; the flowers large and rich in colour. For sunny shrubbery borders nothing can be finer than Weigelas, and they are good for forcing in pots, blooming with great freedom when put in gentle heat. J. S. FoRSYTHIA VIRIDISS12IA. This shrub, which puts forth its blossoms in early spring some time before the leaves, is a good com- panion plant to Ribes sanguineum, and as a wall plant it excels. Its manner of growth is not shapely, yet with the aid of a stout stake in middle of the bush, and some judicious pruning directly after the flowers are over, presentable bushes may be obtained. E. M. ExOCHORDA aiiAXDIFLOHA. This, the only one of the genus yet introduced to this country, is seldom seen in good condition, for the reason, perhaps, that it succeeds best when growing at the base of, and the shoots trained on, a wall facing south, the warmth thus secured ripening its growth and rendering it capable of producing its wreath-like sprays a foot or more long, of snow- white blossoms. Given a sunny spot in the open border it succeeds pretty well in southern districts, and here in Hampshire the Hower-buds are at the point of opening. The addition of peat to loamy soil assists growth considerably. When trained on a wall the shoots which will flower should be allowed to hang loosely about, for if they are secured close to the wall not nearly so good an effect is produced, the flat flowers being in part hidden by the long leaves of a healthy plant. E. M. [The plant is some- times named Spiraea grandiflora; another species. E. serratifolia is yet to be introduced from China. Ed.] Pterocaeya caucasica. This beautiful tree is well adapted for large gardens. The plant is somewhat similar to the Ash, but the foliage is larger; and, like that species, it requires a moist soil, as at Syon. Here the foliage is very fine when full grown, and towards autumn it assumes a lovely yellow tint. The finest speci- men is enclosed with water on two sides, and its foliage is much finer than that of trees in drier positions. The long pendulous spikes of bloom have a charming effect. Pterocarya is a bush rather than a tree, although a vigorous specimen may be 30 to 40 feet high ; the growth is dense and compact, and grows quickly when once established. Propagation is by seeds, but I have not raised plants of it from seeds because the trees near the water produce a large number of suckers, the roots of which are com- pletely under the water, thus showing that the tree is at home near to water. These suckers, if taken off in the winter and planted in a moist place, soon make trees for planting elsewhere. As to Boil, a heavy loam suits it best, for if planted in light soil, the growth is less rapid, and the foliage poor. There are only three species of this tree, and for the above purpose this is the best I consider for planting in damp places. Geo. Wythes, Syon House. [The Ptero- caryas are distinguished by their female flowers being in catkins, and the fruits furnished with two lateral wings, hence its name — "winged nut." Our correspondent mentions three species, but we believe there are, so far as is known, only two — the subject of the above note and P. japonica. Both are liable to have the young growth injured by spring frost, as is the common Walnut. Ed.] Magnolias. The free- flowering Magnolia conspicua has flowered beautifully and much earlier than usual this year at Syon, and the specimens are from 30 to 40 feet high, and cover a large space of wall that is ehel- tered from the north win''-. This Magnolia and its varieties are beautiful objects iu any garden, and do well along the Thames valley if protected on the north side. Last season there were only a few flowers on the plants, and these came much later. The blooms are fragrant (?)and very acceptable for any kind of decoration where white flowers are desired, such as in churches at the Easter season, which came at their blooming season this year. These Magnolias are well adapted for planting in sheltered corners. M. conspicua Soulangeana is a fine variety of M. conspicua, and its purple tinted double flowers succeed the first-named, and it is one that is now showing blooms liberally ; M. stellata is a pretty dwarf plant that should be grown where the larger growing species would be too much exposed or out of place, but this one also should be protected on the north and east sides, as it is a slow-growing plant. Magnolias grow well iu peaty soils, but peat is not absolutely necessary for them, as they do well in good turfy loam aud leaf mould. They are rather difficult to establish, and some amount of care is required at planting and watering them during dry weather ; the ground should be well drained, and means must be taken to prevent the young plants being wind-rocked. There are several desirable species which bloom later, as M. acuminata the Cucumber tree, M. nigra, M. purpurea, and M. tripetala, the umbrella tree ; M. grandiflora requires a wall, doing well on a south aspect ; the Exinouth variety of grandiflora is one of the best. M. glauca and M. obovata requires much the same position aa M. stellata. Geo. Wythes, Syon House. Plants and Their Culture, Greenhouse Hardwooded Plants. — The early- flowering plants in this house, which are now starting into growth, should be encouraged ; the shoots of Boronias, as the plants go out of bloom, should be shortened back to keep them a good shape, as the plants run up quickly. When the plants break, repotting should be done, and the plants kept closer for a time, watering them sparingly. Many other species of plants of a similar habit of growth should be similarly treated. All will require shade for a short time after potting, and air should in all cases be admitted with care, and no cold currents allowed. Erica Cavendishiana and others showing bloom should be afforded abundance of water, and some amount of shading during the brighest part of the day, so as to preserve the colour of the blooms. Aphelexis, a very useful species when well grown, should by this time have been tied out, using as few sticks as possible for this purpose. Phcenocomas need somewhat similar treatment, and are splendid plants that are not often seen in good condition. Tt-trathecas, now in full beauty, will remain pood for some time if shaded during bright sunshine — their beautiful purple-rose aud violet flowers are very telling in this house. They need verv few sticks, and are belter if but few ties are used. These plants should never get placed where there are cold currents of air, or be watered excessively, or they Max 10, 1890,] TEE GARDENER 8' OB RON I CLE. 583 will soon die. When repotting them, rather small pots should be used, and good fibrous peat, coarse silver eand, and abundance of clean crocks. The treatmentadvised for Ericas suits Tetratheca through- out the winter months, but putting the plants at the warmest end of the house. Eutaxias are very pretty free blooming plants, which last some long time in bloom, and may be cultivated like the foregoing. The graceful growths are very effective if not tied iu too much. Chorizemas will now be soon past their best, should have the decayed flowers removed, and the plants encouraged to make growth. Chori- zemas are graud objects for the cool conser- vatory, and last in bloom for many weeks. I prefer to train them rather loosely to a few sticks, and regulate the shoots early in the year. If any require larger pots, the shifting should be done as Boon as growth commences, employing a compost consisting of good peat and loam in equal proportions, with sharp silver-sand sufficient to keep the same porous, and broken charcoal, the potting being firmly done; all excess of root-space should be avoided, or the soil soon gets into a sour state : it is a good plan to top-dress the plants, should there be any doubt as to their requiring repotting. Another plant not difficult to grow, though seldom seen in gardens, is the graceful Aotus gracillimus and A. villosa, both blooming profusely in the spring months. The culture applied to Eutaxia suits them ; and the plants should be staged, so as to allow their pendulous shoots to be seen to advantage. The various species of Metrosideros (Bottle-brushes) are pretty New Holland plants rarely seen, and should be grown when space can be afforded them. I do not advise their cultivation in very small houses, but for large cool conservatories they are very effective. The same kinds of soil, temperature, and general treatment as are given to other hard-wooded plants of New Holland will grow them well. M igt of them grow rather spreading, therefore they should occasionally get shortened in to keep them in shape. Correas are splendid decorative anbjeoU, and should be more commonly grown ; they are plants of compact habit. The plants require great care iu the small details of potting, watering, and keeping free of insects, and they crow freely when put into Chori- zema compost. They are very impatient of over- watering, and too much pot room ; and enjoy syringing during bright weather at closing time. Eriostemons flower early in the spring months, and require much the same treatment as the other New Holland plants named. When wanted for later blooming they may be retarded by placing them in a north house, or under shelter from heavy rains in the open. When they have made their growth they should get a sunny, open position, sheltered from the east, to get the new wood ripened. Epacris should be growing freely, keeping them rather close to encourage new growth, and watering them with care, Geo. Wythts, Syon Hume, Brent/i i The Orchid Houses. The Cool Divisions— Great care is needed to keep down aphis on Odontogloasums and Masdeval- lias, the syringe being the best implement to dis- lodge them, and no harm follows its use with rain-water — the position of the house being taken into consideration. If a lean-to house faces north or east, dewing the plants overhead in the morning, and well syringing all the stages, should be attended to ; if it be a span-roofed house fully exposed to the sun, the plants will be the better for heavy syriniinga overhead night and morning, air lining admitted at top and bottom by night and day. Kobust plants of Odontoglossum crispum, which are sending up strong spikes, will be benefited by the application of weak liquid manure. I have a bucketful made by dissolving 1 oz. of guano in 1 gallon of water, and into this solution each plant is dipped once a week ; I also use the same proportions for Disas of the gramliflora and racemosa sections. The latter, now in flower, is a pretty plant, well worth the attention of anyone with a cool Orchid-house. Epidendrum vitellinum mnjus is perbspa the best cool-house species ; and its failure in the hands of some growers may be owing to their giving it too much warmth. Little or no fire-heat is likely to be required in this house until October, and if the temperature does not fall below 50° at night inside, none should be afforded it. The Intermediate- House. — The prettiest plant in flower here, excepting the Vandns, is Lwlia majalis, It is a plant that should be more generally grown, it being one of the easiest culture. Growers who have been unsuccessful in flowering it should encourage growth by moisture and warmth for the next two or three months, and when the growths are quite matured the plants should be taken out of the warm house and treated in every way like a Dendrobium at rest. Sophronitis grandifiora, violacea, and others, are now pushing their growth, and plants requiring new pans or baskets should now be attended to. A compost consisting of one-half peat and one-half sphagnum moss will suit them, but they must not be over done with either, as the roots like to twine around the pan or basket. Some growers grow these plants in the cool- house, but I have never found them to do so well under cool treatment as they do in this house. Keep a good watch for red-spider on Pleione9. and dislodge anv that may be seen, by the free use of the syringe. Manure-water may be afforded Pleiones as advised previously. The two best varieties are undoubtedly P. maculata and P. lagenaria— the first is, perhaps, the best of the whole genus. The tem- perature of the intermediate-house may still remain as near as possible to that advised in the last Calendar. A. G. Cult, Parkfield, Won Fruits Under Glass. Vineries.— In the earliest houses, if the fruit is ripe, the air should be kept cool, otherwise black Grapes will at times change from blackness to a foxy hue. Evaporation being greater than hitherto, the borders will require larger supplies of water ; and when the Grapes are gathered, liquid manure may be afforded them. If red-spider infests the foliage, and which would increase rapidly to the detriment "I the Vines, the only safe method of ridding the foliage of spider at this stage is by ■ponging with water in which soft soap is dissolved. Treat p it-Vinei intended for fruiting next season to lil>.ral supplies of liquid- manures previous to the ripening process, and stop the canes at a height of Q feet, and all laterals and sub-laterals at the first joint. Succession Vineries. — Madresfield Court now ■toning, and near the colouring point, must not be hurried, ns time is necessary for the laying on of that perfect finish that is th= delieht of the Grape cultivator. This, the finest of black varieties, being fleshy, and with a thin skin, requires, as the berries change colour, exceptional treatment, that the vexatious cracking of the berries may be averted. Cracking of the skin being in this case caused by atmospheric conditions, and it is generally found that the Madresfield cracks more in midseason and later houses than in the earlier houses, which may be explained by the fact that fire-heat is seldom used in the former, the houses being shut up to keep the temperature at its desired height, and a dense humid atmosphere follows, instead of a buoyant and light one at this critical period. The following few simple rules, adopted in time and fairly carried out, are a sure preventive of the malady, viz , just before the first berry is expected to change colour, make sure that the borders are sufficiently watered to carry the Vines over the colouring period, nnd see that the strongest sub- laterals are stopped, and begin gradually to reduce the atmospheric moisture of the house. Regulate carefullv, but never quite close the ventilators, maintaining the necessary temperature — 60° to 70° by nicht, 75° to 85° by day, according to the weather outside— night and day by sun-heat or the hot-water pipes, and thus secure a buoyant atmosphere, which is conducive not only to the wholeness of the berries, but to their perfect colouring. See that the bunches of this variety are neatly supported at the shoulder, when the weicht of the bunches has straightened them out to their full length, and give a final thin- ning of all seedless or misplaced berries. Keep the temperature nf liousesof MuscatorGrosColmar Vines quite 6° or 7° night and day higher than those con- taining Black Hamburgh, or Madresfield Court, and close them early, with abundance of heat and moisture for a few hours, and then reduce the warmth by giving a small amount of front air for the evening. Attend to the stopping, thinning, training, and watering. May is the best month for planting Vines ; and if a vinery has been forced early, and the Grapes cut in May, there will be time to establish fruitful young canes, without the loss of a season, by planting supernumerary ones for fruiting next year, alternately with the permanent ones. Borders 4 feet wide and 2 feet 6 inches deep are of ample proportions for a start. Beware of clayey loams, which turn almost to the consistency of clay when the grass roots decay ; such soils require a large proportion of old mortar, broken charcoal, or charred earth, or half-inch crushed bones, and other animal substances which slowly decay. Do not add dung of any kind to the soil, but reserve this for mulching purposes. By all means secure perfect drainage, and when the soil has been trodden firmly, spread out the growing roots in shallow excavations. If a little fermenta- tion takes place iu the border, so much the better, or, failing that, a few harrow-loads of fermenting material may be built up against the turfen wall ol the borders. Strawbe rry-house.~ Regulate the supplies according to the demand ; a number of British Queen may now be introduced. The season hitherto appears to have favoured Strawberry forcing, and I have never known fruit to be finer or more abundant, or of better flavour. The varieties La Grosse Sucro?, Noble, Pre- sident, and British Queen, coming into use in the order named, cau be recommended. Ply the syringe vigorously daily, give the plants liquid manure, and transfer them to a dry warm shelf when near the ripening point. Plants done fruiting should be hardened off, preparatory to being partly shaken out and planted out. 1!'. Omm a, .V ' Malvern. The Kitchen Garden. Tbhatiibnt of Celery.— If the ground for the early main crop of Celery is at liberty, the trenches may be thrown out and prepared for the reception of the plants when ready. For the early crop tho trenches, if to be planted in single rows, should not be less than (J feet apart; but for the main crop, if in double rows, allow more spice between the trenches. A deep trench is not to be recommended on heavy soils, and if the subsoil b? such and conse- quently retentive of water, it should be broken up and partly replaced with soil from the surface. Put a layer of thoroughly decayed manure into the trench, cover it with a few inches of soil, and before planting, tread the soil if light, to induce sturdy growth in the plants. French Beans, Spinach, Lettuce, &jc., or any plants which do not grow high, and which can be cleared oil' before earthing-up time comes round, may be grown on the ridges. ' ' Marrows and ridge Cucumbers should bo hardened off as the plants become large enough, and if handlights are obtainable, some of the plants may be put out ; but unless there is some means of pro- tection at hand the plants should not be put out mil il the end of the month. The best way to grow Marrows and Cucumbers is to dig out holes, IS inches deep and 3 feet across at the bottom, and wheel in two barrowfula of warm dung, treading it in, and covering it with soil, and planting on the hills so firmed. Treated in this way, the plants are short jointed and more prolific than in any other. Cauliflower plants, as they become large enough, should be put out on deeply-dug manured -oil Brussel sprouts and other vegetables sown outside iu March will now require pricking out, and should be attended to before they get crowded. Give the seed beds, failing heavy rain, a soaking of water two hours before disturbing the plants. Prick them out at a few inches apart, and further apart if the per- manent quarters are not likely to be cleared before the plants get crowded ; see that each sort is properly labelled, and water and slightly shade for a few hours during the hottest part of the day, till the plants recover from their removal. Turnips and other seedlings peeping through the soil should be carefully watched, and if the fly (Phyllotreta nemorum) attack them, dust them fre- quently when damp with soot, lime, and wood ashes. Lettuce. — As they become fit, tie up the Cos variety when perfectly dry ; plant out successions on firm rich ground in small breadths ; and make frequent sowings. Turnips, Spinach, &c, will give better results on firm ground in hot dry weather, than on that that is loose ; watering the drills before sowing. Mustard and Cress, Radishes, cfc, should now be sown on a partly shaded border, and moderately moist. Of the long kinds, Wood Frame is very gooil, H, Markham, Mmworth Castle, Maidstone, 584 THE GAB DENE ES CHRONICLE. [Mas 10, 1890. EDITORIAL NOTICES. Correspondents will greatly oblige by sending to the Editor early intelligence of loral events likely to be of interest to our readers, or of any matters which it is desirable to bring under the notice of horticulturists. , Photographs or drawings, suitable for reproduc- tion in these pages, of gardens, or of remark- able plan's, flowers, trees, &-c., are also solicited. Correspondents sending plants or fruits to be named, or asking questions demanding time and research for their solution, must not e.vp'ct to obtain an answer' to their enquiries in the current week. Specimens should be carefully p'ackfd and numbered, and not more than six should be sent at one time.. Newspapers. — Correspondents sending news* papers should be careful to mark the para- graphs they wish the Editor to see. APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK. 8H O WS. WEDNESDAY. May. u I l^'V B°«"»<: Society. I L.isihuurue. MEETING. IRoval Horticultural Society: TUESDAY, May 13- Floral. Fruit, and Seientifio ( Committees, una" Lecture. 8ALEP. [Orchids in Flo«er aud Bud. at I Slerens' Rooms. WEDNESDAY, May 1 1 ' Fern*. Greenhouse Plants. Roses in j Hot*, and Lilies, at Froth ere- £ \ Morri,' Rooms. ( Imported and Futablisher] Orchids. THURSDAY, May l.V from Mr. F. Sander, lit Stevens' ( Rooms. FRIDAY, May u\ ImV%tt}'\ ml,i ? st19,,li»h.e£ Orchids. ( at Prollieroe & Morns Koo j.s. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK. DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.— 64°.l. At this season of the year we may Trees in their -.. „ ,, , ., Sprin-' Att re. reall-e more fully perhaps than at any other how deficient our ordinary text-books are in their descriptions of trees, and what feeble pictures, after all, they supply. The reason, of oourse, is that for the most part the botanist sees the trees in one or two stages of their growth only, or is even often ojmpellad to confine himself to the dried speci- mens in the heibaiium. Moreover, so rapid is the growth at this time of the year, so fugitive the appearances presented, that unless the trees can be inspected on a particular day, some cha- racteristics are lost till the next season. The gardener or the forester who is always on the spot, and who is, or who ought to be, always on tb.3 look out, has great advantages in these respects. A few illustrations may suffice to explain, our meaning. In Bichmond Park there are two Horse Chest- nuts side by side, now each in the full glory of their new leafage, and each covered with flower- buds promising an early display of bloom. The two trees are at this moment, to use a col- loquialism, as like as two pins. The colour and stage of growth of the foliage and flower are, in fact, alike in both. Far otherwise was it a fortnight or so ago, when the buds were begin- ning to expand ; then, the two trees were conspicuous a long way off, the one with its ruddy-brown colour forming a contrast to the other with its clear green hue. The explanation of the difference was easily found in the cir- cumstance, that the expanding bud-scales of the one tree were tipped with deep brown, or even flushed with pink, while those on the other tree were mostly green. Again, the leaf-scales or stipules of some of the Beech trees are of a lovely shade of orimson, while in others they are dull brown. It is, moreover, worthy of notice, that in the extension shoots, which lengthen rapidly, and which bear leaves only, these stipules aro often most brilliantly coloured ; whilst on the same tree, on the short, slow-growing " spurs " bearing the flowers, and where the internodes, as a botanist would say, ar« in consequence contracted, the colour of the stipulary scales is dull brown. These differ- ences make one wonder what purpose can be served by the brilliant coloration of organs whose functions would seem to be protective only, and which, once that office is fulfilled, fall off, and wither immediately. The colour in these stipules is presumably of the same nature as that which gives brilliancy to the leaves of the purple and copper Beeches. A sk-ailar colour is ob- servable in the stipules of the Lime, but we have not yet met with any purple-leaved Lime tree. The chemical analysis of the bud-scales, as determined by Professor Church, is quite con- sonant with their temporary and merely pro- tective oharaoter. They contain relatively much earthy mineral matter, but little or none of the organic compounds which are the accompani- ments, and, indeed, the instruments of life and activity. Another colour-phase is presented by the Hornbeam ; when its male catkins are first produced slightly in advance of the leaves, when the whole tree is covered with a sheet of a pale olive or fawn-colour, quite unlike any other arboreal tint familiar to us, and one which rapidly changes as the leaves expand ; notice also the peculiar olive tint of the Lombardy Poplar at this season. Of the peculiarities presented by the deve- loping buds of the Conifers we have spoken on previous occasions. It must suffice to say that they form objects of great beauty, interesting and suggestive subjects of investigation for the student, and often afford the forester means of distinguishing one species from another. Too implicit confidence, however, must not be placed on these characteristics, for, as we write, we have before us shoots of Finns cembra taken from two plants growing side by side at Coombe Wood; in the one the bud-scales and shoots are pink, in the other green. Foresters and woodmen are familiar with many variations of this character which rarely come under the observation of the botauist, but which are often of practical importance, inasmuch as they are often associated with differences in the quality of the timber and the degree of hardi- hood of the tree. The general course of leaf development varies somewhat according to season and individual peculiarity. This season, in the neighbourhood of London, the Sycamore, Horse Chestnut, Thorn, Hornbeam, Lime, and Birch have un- folded their leaves in the order named, whilst amongst the later trees may be mentioned Oak, Ash, Elm, Beech, Plane, and Sweet Chestnut. The Microscopic A ,VE,RY "Cresting discussion . structure of took place at the Paris Botanical Plants, and its Congress last August, and a re- Relation to port of which is b f Cultivate. ,, , ' on the employment of micros- copical characters as an adjunct to classifica- tion, M. Vesque, who introduced the subject, was, we believe, perfectly right in insisting that the comparative study of the micro- scopical characters presented by plants should receive a due proportion of attention as other characters do. It does not follow that they are better or worse than others. We do not know at present what their precise value may be, whether they are as subject to variation as others ; bnt their importance cannot be denied, and to allege that they are difficult and trouble- some to investigate, though it may be true, is no argument against their intrinsic value. In so far as they are hereditary, Snd, therefore, re- latively constant, they are known already to be valuable aids in discriminating the larger groups of plants, and what M. Vesque and some other naturalists are anxious to do, is to extend the use of these characteristics to each natural family of plants, so far as circumstances permit. Any arrangement founded on these characters alone, would, of course, be just as unsatisfactory as any other artificial or incomplete system would be. AVe do not suppose that M. Vesque has any intention of founding a system entirely on these characteristics. For classificatory purposes the oongenital characters, more or less fixed by long hereditary transmission, are naturally preferable to those characters which are called " adaptive,'1 because they vary according to circumstances. These are the characteristics, the possession of which enables a plant to sustain itself under new or adverse conditions ; these are the endowments in the absence of which the plant cannot survive in the battle of life. AVhether then, from the point of view of classification, of relative con- stancy, or from that of adaptation to varying conditions, the anatomical characters appear to be of the highest importance, and this is so obvious that it seems strange that any contrary opinion can be maintained. Such an opinion can only be entertained under a misapprehension. But in these pages we are more directly con- cerned in the relation these characteristics bear to the cultural art. It is certain that many structural details are directly associated with variations in the conditions of life. The structure of a plant that passes its life in water is widely different from that of its near relative that grows on dry land. So intimate is the relation between the structure of a plant and the circum- stances under which a plant grows naturally, that it is very o'teu possible to recognise in a previously unknown plant the kind of life it must have been subjected to. Of course from our ignorance and limited knowledge, there are many exceptions and much that seems anomalous. But these facts form no valid argument for not availing ourselves as far as we can of what we do know, still less does it constitute a reason for not pushing our re earches further in this direction. M. Max Cohnu, in discussing M. Vesque's paper, seems to have objected to it as proposing a new system — a substitute for the natural system— but a perusal of M. Vesque's writings leads to no such conclusion. All that M. Vesque wishes to do, so far as we can make out, is to enlist anatomy in the work of perfectionating the so-called natural system. M. Cornu, too, also raises objections to the empioyment of anatomical characters as a guide to cultivators. M. Vesque said that the ana- tomical structure [sometimes] clearly indicates the nature of the physical conditions to which the plant is adapted, and which must be realised as much as possible under cultivation. To this M. Mas Cornu objects, and says that we cannot in general realise what conditions would be necessary in the case of plants removed from their natural surroundings and placed under a H i a u May 10, 1800.] THE GAB BE NE B S' CUB 0 Nl CLE: 585 other circumstances, to which they must adapt themselves or perish. Many of them live and prosper under the new conditions — conditions which are quite different from the natural ones. What information, asks M. Coiixr, could the study of structure give us, since different condi- tions give results superior to the normal ones ? Coffee, says he, requires a rich (Jorte) soil in the tropics; it would perish here if grown in such a soil. The Nepenthes cannot, he says, be grown here except in an extremely porous substratum, while in Sumatra the soil in which the Nepenthes grows is a heavy impermeable loam. In replying to M. Conxu's observations, M. VbsQUB admitted his inability to reply to the two special cases— that of the Coffee and that of the Nepenthes, but stated that he was chiefly concerned with the relations of the structure to light and moisture, and doubted whether M. I Ioenu would succeed in making a plant adapted to grow in the shade flourish in full sun, and vice versa ; nor a plant adapted to a dry climate thrive in a moist one. In support of his argument, M. YesQUE called attention to the construction of plant-houses divided into separate compart- ments, allowing of variations of temperature and moisture. Anatomy often indicates what the treatment ought to be, or, inversely, in which compartment (local) we ought to place a plant. Great difficulties stand in the way, no doubt : the application of a knowledge of anatomical structure to cultural purposes is in its merest infancy, but that it is destined in future to play an important part in practical horticulture, seems to us as absolutely certain as that a knowledge of the letters of the alphabet will, under given conditions, enable a gardener to read the Gar- deners' Chronicle .' It is not to be expected that practical gardeners can as a rule become expert microscopists, but they can profit by the skill "1' others, and it is the duty of those who have the power and the means at their disposal to hasten and foster the progress to the utmost of t h > ■ i r ability. Chrysanthemums at Chiswick. in our Supplementary Sheet illustration this week we pre- sent to our readers a view of the conservatory at Chiswick during the successful gathering which took place there last autumn. The structure is a very suitable place for such displays, and looked quite gay at the Chrysanthemum Conference. Floral photography in November is surrounded by many difficulties which have been well overcome by Mr. W. Mountain, of 211, Clapham Road, B.W., who took the view from which our supplement has been prepared. The " Eotanical Magazine.' —The May number contains coloured illustrations of — Eremurus aurantiacus, t. 711.'!, a tall-growing Asphodel from Afghanistan. According to Dr. AiTCmsox, it grows at an elevation of from 7000 to 8000 feet, and the young leaves are used as a vegetable. The linear leaves are a 1 1 foot long, surrounding a flower-stalk which is twice as long, and bears at its summit a dense many-flowered spike of star-like yellow flowers. Abies brachyphylla, t. "111. — One of the hand- somest of the newly introduced Silver Firs , native of Japan, and figured in these columns, 1870. Passijlora Mierrii, t. 711"). — A very graceful Brazilian Passion-flower, figured in these columns in 1888, vol. ii., p. 352, fig. 40. Herberts vireseens, t. 71 16. — A species nearly allied to B. aristata. I'riiiiulina sinensis, t. 7117. — A curious Chinese plant, with the habit and foliage of a Primula, but the construction of whose flowers shows it to be a Gesnerad (see Gardeners' Chronicle, 1880, vol. ii., p. 357, fig. 52). LONDON PURPLE.— A safe and effectual remedy against the destructive ravages of insects on our fruit trees in the garden, and especially in the orchard, is of great advantage in these days of extending fruit culture. And as we have many enquiries con- cerning London Purple, an article hitherto found difficult to purchase, but one that is found most effectual as an insecticide in the United States of America, we publish with pleasure the following letter from Hemingway's " London Purple " Com- pany, Limited, 60, Mark Lane, London, E.C. " We are inundated with enquiries from all parts of England for our ' London Purple,' an insecticide for leaf-eating insects, which has during the past twelve years become of great repute in America and the colonies. This effectually dispels the doubts we have hitherto entertained as to whether insect pests in England were sufficiently numerous to render it essential that the fruitgrower should combat them. We are still, however, unwilling to place our product unreservedly on the English market, because our long experience teaches us that many persons when they first use ' London Purple ' look on it in the light of an insurance, expecting it to work like a charm without the expenditure of any care or labour ; whereas the war against insect life demands the exercise of both of these; the attack most he commenced and repeated before any visible barm is done by the insects to the trees, with the object of killing the grub immediately it leaves the egg. Again, many think that if a little does good, much will do more good, and ' London Purple ' is blamed if no benefit, or if positive harm results from not implicitly following the instructions which accompany each package or bottle. " Hearing all this in mind, and deeming it most im- porfant that ' London Purple ' should be first placed in the hands of intelligent people, before the ordinary labourer is entrusted with it, we have decided to supply a quantity of it gratuitously, during the pre- sent year, to any approved fruit grower who will apply to us for the same." The Royal National Tulip Society. - The meeting of growers and exhibitors of the Tulip, which took place at Manchester on the .'ird inst., decided that the annual exhibition should be held at the Iiotanical Gardens, » lid Trafford, ou Wednesday, May 28, being the last day of the great WhilMin Show. So far, the general opinion points to an early bloom, but much will, of course, depend upon the weather experienced during the next fort- night. Tli'' lev. 1-. 1). IIoiim -it, whose bloom is generally early, though he resides so far north, and Mr. ,Iami> Thobston, of Cardiff, in the distant west, both state they will be at their best by the 22nd inst., and consequently can scarcely expect to show at Manchester. Still, the prospects of a good exhibi- tion are bright and promising. Exhibition at Mont St. Amand. -At this exhibition, held recently. M. Ano. VAN Gebbt showed a fine collection of Palms, including Areca Baueri, the variegated form of Rhapis Habelliformis, Phoenix canadensis. M. van Imschoot showed a collection of ( irehids, comprising 200 specimens, including Miltonia vexillarin, with six fine spikes of deeply coloured flowers from two pseudobulbs ; M. Warsce- wic/.ii, Tricbopilia crispa marginata, a fine variety of Cattleya Mendelii, with white segments and deeply coloured lip; Dandrobium Jaiiiesianuni, Uncidium phymatocheilum, with a spike bearing a hundred flowers ; a superb Odontoglossum cirrosum, lirassia maculata, Phaius Wallichii, Bletia Gebina. Coelogyne Massangeana, Laffia harpophylla. M. Ds Smet DrmviER showed a group of well cultivated miscellaneous plants, such as various Ericas, Poso- querias multiflora, Enostemon neriifolium, Xantho- ceras sorbifolia, and a tine plant of Boronia hetero- phylla. Among new plants Nidularium argenteum striatum, Epiphyllum Makoyanum, Vriesea Moensi, a plant with broad leaves of a shining green, with a central stripe of gold ; Philodendron Mocini, Azalea Fr. Desbois with large double violet coloured flowers of good shape ; Azalea Pearl of Ledeberg. with white flowers, striped with red. Among plants re- markable for their high cultivation were Strelitzia regina;, Medinilla magnifica, Polygala Dalmaisiana, and a unique example of Washingtonia robusta. A Miltonia vexillaria, from M.Pacwel's, had the petals spotted with large pure white spots, which produced a singular effect. Among M. Yervaet's plants was a fine Cyathea dealbata. C/i. D. IS. FRUIT PESTS.— We are glad to see from the Evesham Standard that on Lord Sudeley's farm at Toddington, experiments have been made with Paris Green, London Purple, and other insecticides. It is disheartening to have to record so constantly what Americans and Frenchmen are doing, while we seem to lag behind. At Toddington, however, things are different ; insecticides and spray-distri- butors are tried at once, and the sleepy hollow system is discountenanced. Captain Coriiett re- ports favourably of Paris Green in the propor- tion of 1 oz. to 10 gallons of water, the mixture being constantly stirred. London Purple was not so satisfactory, but the experiments, as a whole, were " exceedingly satisfactory.'' An important question yet to be decided is as to the propriety of applying the mixture to the flowers when expanded, but the American practice, as we have pointed out, is never to do so when the trees are in flower. Moreover, where grass is grown in orchards care should be taken not to pasture the sheep in them for some time after the application. Apple foliage is more tender than that of Plums. A solution of alum in the proportion of 2 oz. to 1 gal. of water has proved destructive to the caterpillars, while the foliage was unhurt. If this be so, the use of alum would be pre- ferable, as avoiding the risks of arsenical poisoning from l'aris Green or London Purple. As a final result of the meeting at Evesham, it was decided to recommend the use of Paris Green paste in the pro- portion of 1 oz. to 8 or 10 gal. of water for Plums, and 1 oz. to 20 gal. of water for Apples. London fluid 1 part to 20 parts. Both these are recom- mended as effective in destroying the caterpillar, while they do no material damage to the foliage. Horticultural Club.— The subject an- nounced for discussion at the forthcoming meeting on May 13, is " Common sense and common nonsense of in the naming of plants." The discussion will be opened by Mr. SHIRLEY HlBBEBS. Hybrid between the Gooseberry and the Black Currant. — Mr. Cclverwell sends us specimens of this cross, as he has done on previous occasions. The leaves are like those of the Goose- berry, while the flowers are more like those of the Currant. The ovules are well formed, but the pollen is deficient. The Camellia at the Dell.— It appears that, contrary to what was stated in a previous issue, this fine shrub is protected by a frame of timber support- ing a glass roof during the winter. Decorative Ferns at Mr. James Nay- LORS. — The market growers of Ferns, limited as to varieties, have advantages over the gardener who grows a collection of many species, but even among the first-named, some are more successful in getting size and beauty of frond, iu proportion to the pots used, than others. It would be difficult to find any- thing better in that way than may be observed in the long span-houses at St. Hilda's Nursery, Koxeth, Harrow, where the varieties principally grown are forms of Pteris serrulata, and especially that one known and certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society as Naylor'a crested, a houseful of which will average 2 feet in diameter, and beautifully crested, the cresting in the progeny of the original stock increasing in amplitude with each raising. Pteris tremula foliosa is another fine introduction here, and for future novelties there are elegantly drooping and crested forms of the favourite market Fern, 586 THE GARDENERS' ('UN ONI CLE. [May 10, 1890. Aspidium (Cyrtomium) falcatum, Todea arborea, Lastrea erythrosora, Pteris adiantoides, Lomaria discolor bipinnatifida, and other species not gene- rally in cultivation, which are readily raised and developed in a short time. TUNBRIDGE WELLS.— The horticultural Society of this town will hold, on July 0 next, its thirty- second yearly show ; and if plenty of prize-money can induce exhibitors to come forward, it should be a success from the promoter's point of view. The sum of £180 will be awarded in prizes. Tulip W. E. Gladstone. — A very large, bright Tulip, is sent us by Messrs. Barr & Sons, Coveut Garden. The flower, which with almost erect petals, measures 4 inches in diameter, has strong resemblance to the single flower rosy-crim- son flamed Tulip Proserpine, but is larger and more robust. Growing to the same height as Pottebakker, it would make a showy bed ; and it forces well. "New Model" Lawn Mower. -Our atten- tion has been called to this machine, which may be safely recommended for its lightness of draft. Amateurs will also be glad to know of a machine in which the mechanical parts are not complicated, the bearings when taken apart cannot possibly be put together wrongly, and the adjustment of the knives— an important matter — is perfectly simple. The mower is introduced by the Chadborn and Gildwell Manufacturing Co., whose Excelsior machines are already well known ; indeed, the " New Model " may be described as a cheaper form of that machine. Captain Strawberry. — This, which is a Strawberry of Mr. Laxton'h raising, is highly spoken of by Mr. Blackmore. It has a vigorous constitu- tion, is prolific, and the fruit is both large and of a good flavour, and comes into bearing a little earlier than the general outdoor crop, and has a tendency to produce a second crop of fruits in the late autumn. The Market Gardeners' Strike.— Probably from the lack of funds and of organisation, this ill- advised proceeding shows signs of collapse. The low rate of pay (2id. to id. an hour !), and the inevitable uncertainty of employment at certain seasons, render the condition of the labourers by no means enviable. The men, however, seem to have placed themselves in the wrong by the suddenness of their proceedings ; but it is to be hoped that pacific counsels may prevail on both _ides, and that, taught by experience, more satisfactory arrangements may in future be made. The Thames Valley Times contains the following account of the proceedings at the meeting of the employers held on the 6th inst. :— "The masters in and around this neighbourhood held a meeting at Covent Garden, on Saturday, with the result announced in the communication appended below. As to the amount of loss and inconvenience inflicted upon them by the strike, this appears to vary very much with the nature of their crops, some of these requiring very little care at this season, while others, notably Asparagus, suffer much from lack of attention. *' 28, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. " May 6th, 1800. " Sir, — In reference to the recent strike of market garden hands, a meeting of market gardeners, repre- senting the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Essex and Bucks, was held in Covent Garden Market on Saturday morning last. While sympathising in a large measure with the desire of the men, the meet- ing was unanimous in declaring that the present cir- cumstances of the trade would not warrant any in- crease upon the wages already paid. The meeting also, by resolution, protested against the manner in which the strike had been commenced, no notice having been given or any formal demand made to the masters, but suddenly, in the middle of the day, many men left their work, in response to the shouts of a mob apparently numbering only a very few market garden hands among it. Many employers reported that their men were peifectly content, and only went out because, as they said, ' they were afraid of getting their heads broke.' I am glad to say that now most of the men are reported to have returned to work.— I am, Sir, yours obediently, " Richard J. Steel, " Secretary, Market Gardens', Nurserymen, and Farmers' Association." James NasmYTH.— The inventor of the steam hammer, whose death on the Tth inst., in his eighty- second year is announced, was not only a great engineer, but solaced his leisure in his later years with astronomical pursuits ; while his autobiography, published in 1883, contains many references to the delight lie took in his beautiful garden, Hammerfield, near Penshurst, an account of which will be found in our issue for September 1, 1883, Rating of Orchards. — The inclusion of or- chards within an exemption relative to rating is proposed in a Bill introduced by Mr. Hobhouse, M.P. Under the Public Health Act, the occupier of any "land used as arable, meadow, or pasture ground only, or as woodlands, market gardens, or nursery grounds," is directed to be assessed to the general district rate in an urban district, or to a separate rate in a rural district, in the proportion of a fourth part only of the net annual value or rate- able value of the land. It appears that some doubts have arisen whether orchards are included among the lands so privileged. To remove the doubt, and " to relieve orchards from all liability to be assessed for sanitary purposes at a higher rate than other cultivated lands," it is proposed to expressly insert the word " orchards " in the exempting clause. A NEW Seed DRILL. — We have received from Messrs. Boulton & Paul, Norwich, an implement for sowing garden seeds, which promises to be of much use in putting into the soil such seeds of vege- tables as it is usual to sow in drills. As at present constructed, it is better adapted for light work, and those seeds that require to be put at depths varying from half an inch to 2 inches. For Peas and Kidney Beans, the drills the implement is capable of forming are too shallow. The arrangement for the emission of seeds can be regulated to a nicety to suit the different sizes of the same. The Great African Forest. — The two principal topics touched upon by Mr. Stanley at the Albert Hall were the " pygmies " and the great forest. The former, though considered an aboriginal race, are, as things go, evidently considerably advanced in civilisation. As to the forest, its monotonous gloom seems to have made a greater impression than anything else, but when we re- member what remarkable discoveries were made in similar regions by Welwitsch, whose name as an explorer stands not far below that of .Stanley himself, it is obvious that to a naturalist these forests must be teeming with interest. Now that Stanley has shown that these forests are not impenetrable, we may soon expect our Veitihes, Bulls, Sanders, and other [importers to furnish us with " new plants " of unusual variety and interest. What Ferns, what Palms, what Orchids, what Aroids there must be in these truly primaeval forests ! Mr. Stanley's account is picturesque and graphic, but it leaves the impression that much remains to be said. Let us hope that some of the party managed to secure illustrations of the botany of the region. LlNNEAN SOCIETY.— At the meeting held on May 1, Mr. J. G. Baker, F.R.S., Vice-President, in the chair. The Rev. J. Tait Scott was admitted, and Messrs. J. H. Gabrett and John Young were elected Fellows, Dr. E. von Regel, of St. Petersburg, and Mr. Seeeno Watson, of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., being elected foreign members, Mr. Miller Ciieisty exhibited, and made remarks, on specimens of the so-called Bardfield Oxlip, which he had found growing abundantly, not only in the neighbourhood of Bardfield, Essex, but over a con- siderable area to the north and west of it. Mr. Bufi'HAM exhibited, under the microscope, specimens of Myristrichia claviforrois with plurilocular spo- rangia and conjugation of Rhabdomena arcticatum, found upon Zostera maritima. Mr. Sherring exhi- bited a series of excellent photographs which he had taken near Falmouth, and which showed the effects of climatic influence on the growth of several sub- tropical and rare plants cultivated in the open air. A paper was then read by Professor' W. I'ream, " On a Quantitative Examination of Water-meadow Herbage." Arranging Plants for the Herbarium.— Mr. F. Bennett sends us the following account of his method of drying plants, which first appeared in the columns of the Bazaar:—- " An examination of a good many herbaria shows that botanists, as a rule, are somewhat careless in the laying-out of their plants as they dry. It often looks as if they had thrust them between the sheets ' anyhow,' and the result is very detrimental to the appearance and perhaps to the value of the speci- mens. It having been my object to obtain really good and artistic arrangements of leaves and flowers in dried plants, I have devised a plan which I ven- ture to commend to the notice of botanists. " Many plants, it is true, can be placed smoothly between the sheets without any such help, but there are many which are so refractory that while one is putting one leaf in position, that which was last arranged has gone astray again. In such cases, and they certainly are the majority, the simple apparatus now to be described will be found completely suc- cessful. It consists of a flat board, a few sheets of drying-paper, and a roller, round which is rolled a piece of lead-paper, or thin sheet-lead, rather longer than the board. " To use this, place a few sheets of paper on the board, and unrolling the lead a little, bend the edge of it over the upper end of the board, so as to fix it there. Now roll up the lead till the roller is at the upper end of the drying-paper. Next place your plant between the sheets, bending the upper sheet back over the roller. You can now use all your fingers in arranging the various parts of the speci- men, and by gradually lowering the roller the lead-paper will, as it unfolds, keep everything in position. The lead-paper is lastly bent over the lower end of the board, and the whole is ready to be pressed. " The thin lead can be procured from a tea-dealer, who will probably present it gratis. It may require a little smoothing out when thus obtained, but a small amount of crinkling will be rather beneficial than the contrary. After twenty-four hours or so the plant thus arranged will retain its position, and the sheets of paper can be changed." Foreign Correspondence, BERLIN LETTER. As you have already mentioned, the Berlin Horti- cultural Exhibition has been a great success, Although it was not intended to be an international one, exhibitors from other countries sent excellent contributions, and with much credit to themselves. Mr. Sander, of St. Albans, won the special prize offered by the Duke of Ratibor — a fine piece of gold plate — for his group of Dendrobium Brymerianum ; Mr. A. Peeters, of Brussels, was awarded the £25 offered by the town of Berlin for Azilea indica; and Mr. D'Haene, of Ghent, received £50 for fine and extensive saloon decorations, &c. Aground planof the arrangement of the exhibition was given in a former issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle (February 1, 1890). One hall to ¥he lef(. was unique, having been arranged May 10, 1890.] THE G A If DE NEBS' CHBONICLE. 587 as a representation of the tent of King Ptolemaius Philadelphia, as prepared for the festivities of Dionysius on the Royal Castle at Alexandria about 270 e.c. The description of this tent is given by Athenaus in vol. v. of his DeipnosophUta, which relates that the foul corner pillars were like Palm trees. The floor was of rich carpet, and bestrewn with flowers, and the other parts of the building too, that it was like an enchanted garden. The left wall was painted to represent a view of the Day of Alexan- dria. The floral decorations were entrusted to Mr. D'Haene, of Ghent, who had some finely-flowered Azalea indica ( ! ). The background was decorated by the finest Palms, in good condition, as well as by other exotic plants. Large plants of Anthurium Veitchii, 5 feet high and more, were intermixed. The centre portion of the Exhibition-hall was devoted to garden architecture. The first thing seen was a winter garden. A large (but curious) Flora sat in the midst; surrounding the statue is a large bed, with Selaginella Kraussiana as a ground plant, and quite hid the Bull. Groups of Caladium, of Primula obconica (very fine plants), three dwarf Thuja obtusa brevifolia, of Japanese growth, and which had only grown to a height of 2 feet in 130 years, were relieved by fine-leaved Dracamas. The walls were decorated by large groups of Palms, Crotons, &e. A nice Cyanophyllum magnificum took the admira- tion of the public. Two walls were formed by large mirrors, which enhanced the effect. In the large central hall on both right and left were villas with balconies and pagodas, which displayed window decorations, verandah festoons, &c. Then to the left was an entrance to a castle with a large wing, and to the left again a large court-yard all decorated with large groups of Palms and Cycads from Mr. Vincke, Da .Tardin of Brussels. Then there were house-fronts with balconies, and a flight of steps leading up to a balcony, from which you had a magnificent view of this hall. The number of Palms in this large hall were immense, and all in the best condition In the centre of the hall were three large beds, composed of groups of different plauts. In the first, a large group of Cyclamen persicum from Mr. Schtnerwitz, of Pots- dam, of high merit for the season ; then groups of the Lily of the Valley, groups of Bromeliads, of Authurium Scherzeriannm varieties in full flower, a little group of the curious Arum sanctum, the " black Calla," Araucaria excelsa varieties from Mr. Vincke, a group of Lomaria Gibba, fine Aralias, a large group of Dracanas in the best of condition as well as other collections. The next hall was entirely devoted to decorative groups of Palms, kc. Then came a hall containing forced flowering shrubs, and another decoration hull, The end formed a large winter-garden covered by a line awning, and some interest attached to the right and hit-hand coiners of this hall, which were repre- sentations of thi! winter-garden of the late Emperor William I., and were furnished with the identical plants. The outer rows of the palace were filled with flowers, the right one with Koses of much magni- ficence ; while the left one contained Orchids, Palms, Perns, and Aroids, in short, the fine warm-house plants, and a large group of flowering Azalea indica from Mr. IVeters, specimens of 2 and 3 feet in diameter. The rows between the outer and middle one contained decorative gioups of Palms of Mr. d'Haene, Rhododendron groups, and the arrange- ments of cut flowers. In the rows and halls which connected the middle row with the outer ones, were dried Orchids, &c, for the decoration of the mansions. But large as the Exhibition Palace is, it did not suffice for all the plants, and many were placed in the different houses. One was filled by the Orchids of M r. Vincke; another contained Cacti and Bromeliads ; third Cinerarias ; a fourth Begonias ; a fifth Cacti. Vegetables, fruits, and fruit wines, were placed in the large " Machine Hall." Here Gooseberries, Currants, Strawberries, Grapes, Beans, Cucumbers, &c, attracted admiration. The Italian vegetables, from Messrs, Dammann & Co., were wonderful, In the park were coniferous plants— indeed, the finest and largest collection ever seen in Berlin. Over 117,000 persons paid for admission during the first week of the show, which has evidently pleased the public. In my next letter I shall give more details of certain prominent plants and groups. Our Berlin Correspondent, STRIKE OF THE MARKET GARDENERS. Almost all of the men usually employed in the market gardens of Chiswick, Kew, Richmond, and neighbouring districts have gone out on strike during the past week for better pay and shorter hours. The remarks which follow are condensed from the Richmond and Twickenham Times. What the labourers ask is an increase of wage of from 3d. or -id., as the case may be, to 4\'i. an hour all round; 6!' n that they had money to draw for work done previous to leaving. The police would not allow them inside, but Mr. Tocatti was passed through their lines, and conversed with Mr. Jefferys, who was watching the crowd from the yard. Very curious it was to notice the irresolution of a big, white-jacketed labourer, who had been working, and who was earnestly besought by the crowd to " come out." He came to the gate, went back and talked with Mr. Jefferys, came forward again, and again went back to his employer. Then he came out, and said that he had personally been offered all he wanted in the way of wages if he would remain ; why should he come out'.' Several strikers thereupon declared that they also had been getting good wages, and had only come out to help their brotheis who were not. White jacket went inside again. "Shame on you.'' " Are you going to be a blackleg ? " and other expressive remarks were shouted after him. But the tone of these quickly changed when it was seen that he had only returned to fetch his can and other traps, and as he came out, with another worker, he received quite an ovation. Some more men who had been working subsequently came over the railway bridge, and joined the ranks of the dis- contented. The crowd partially scattered shortly after noon, no doubt in search of refreshments, but re-assembled in force in an hour or two opposite Mr. Steele's gardens. Meanwhile the Richmond police had been sent away, and their places filled by more blue-coats, including three mounted men, from Acton and Ealing. The demonstration up and down the roads opposite Mr. Steele's grounds was a prolonged one. Mr. Tocatti again addressed the men here. They had won, he said, all along the line, and they were determined not to rest until they had got out all the market garden employes in the district. Iu a day or two they would have them all out. It was not true that they were half-drunk that day. From Mr. Steele's the greater part of the crowd marched down to South Acton, and along the footpaths below the station. Here the cavalry detachment of the police had to leave them for a while, taking their chance of picking them up again wherever they might come out. In a field of Mr. Jefferys', close to the station, four men were at work spreading lime. The strikers swarmed up the high fence, others taking up effective coigns of vantage on the station steps, and again the hoarse and almost fierce cry of " Come out ! ' ran from a hundred throats with varying additions of ap- peal dictated by individual taste and fancy. The four inside straightened their backs, and for two minutes stood motionless almost as statues, looking at the shouting crowd and taking council of one another. Then in slow bucolic fashion they shouldered their forks and marched in a slow moving line of white jackets from the field. The men outside cheered wildly, and hurried round to the gates, half a mile away, to meet them. After this they went down by the Back Common to Turnham Green, picking up the mounted men again en route, and so on to Gunnersbury Station. Here one or two men working in Mr. Day's fields by the line were more obstinate, and a vigorous wordy warfare ensued without much avail. It was now "nearly six o'clock, and the crowd, marching back to the bridge, dispersed. Throughout the day the police force, which was under the command of Inspector Rawlings, of Chis- wil k, operated with much tact and without any dis- play of animosity. The behaviour of the strikers themselves was also, considering the class to which they belong, and the excitement under which they were labouring, conspicuously moderate. N't threats were heard to lie used at any time to non-striking workers, beyond such vague expressions as " If you don't come out to- day you'll have to to-morrow," and " We'll make it warm for you if you don't." Qo Thursday morning the strikers were early afoot in various directions. A large party of them went down to Isleworth, and succeeded in inducing ■ome of the men at gardens owned by Mr. Norris, and other gardeners in that direction to join them. At in o'clock they met in force at Ravenscourt Park, and were there joined by the men who had 1,, en working at Lovejoy's. An attempt to bring out a lurge gang of men who were working in Robbins' grounds was not successful. Then the strikers Btraggled— for they were not allowed to " procesh " through Barnes, Putney, and Fulham, and and a number of them finally found their way in small groups to Hyde Park, there to take part in the international demonstration. What the Employees Sai. Mr. W. Barker, market gardener, of Sheen, writes, through Mr. Aldridge :— "Mr. Barker has not risen his workwomen from 12.-. to 15*. a week, but is paying them exactly the same as he has done for some years, viz., 2H. an hour, or I .' 6d. a week of ten hours a day ; and then it must not be overlooked that these women do not get any piece work, whilst those working in other market gardens in the district sometimes earn from 15s. to 20». a week during the Radish and Gooseberry seasons. . . . Mr. Barker denies that he informed the strikers that the other master gardeners in the district could well afford to pay the same rate of wages as himself if they chose. In a great measure his business is very different to others in this dis- trict, seeing that he only employs men in his gardens in the few summer months, and not in the winter, when work is scarce, because he does not grow winter produce, such as Celery, Seakale, Mushrooms, See., and 588 THE (I. I II l> EN E It S' C II 11 ONIGL E. [May 10, 1SOO. for this reason he considers lie ought to pay more wages than those who do employ their men all the year round. The masters will be quite willing to pay fair wages for a fair day's work, but in these days of keen competition — with the foreigner as well as in our own land— it is scarcely likely that all the demands of the men can be agreed to, unless they are able to remain out for a considerable time, for in some cases the men not only demand 2s. Gil. a week rise, but Gil. an hour overtime, and to leave work at -1 o'clock on Saturday and be paid for a full day. If thpy will modify some of these demands and bring them within reason, I will give them all the support I can." In an interview with our representative yesterday morning, Mr. J. Poupart said that none of his men had come back, and that if they did he would not allow them to go to work again. The women had not gone out, and with their aid he could get along for the present very well. He did not believe that employers could possibly afford to pay a general wage of 4.'. U I - I'.UI M IK IMF. Kiii. 93. — 'nit frame m.o.iii. up the Worton Koad on to Whitton, and returning through Twickenham to Isleworth. The men at work in the fields were summoned by the strikers to cease work, and at several places many of the men complied. Two mounted policemen and two or three on foot went with the men, to see that no trespass was made and no violence attempted. The men, however, numbering some 200, were perfectly orderly, and gave no occasion for police interference. It is stated that some GOO men have come out as the result of the efforts of the leaders of the movement. The men claim to have persuaded their fellows employed at the following places to come out : — Mr. Besant, Barnes ; Mr. G. Pink, Mortlake ; Miss Besant, Mortlake ; Mr. J. Pocock, jun., Mortlake ; Mr. J. Pocock, sen., Mortlake ; Mr. E. Pocock, East Sheen; Mr. J. T. Taylor, Kew; Mr. G. Jeffreys, Gunnersbury ; Mr. T. Day, Gunnersbury ; Mr. C. Steele, Gunnersbury; Mr. 0. Steele, Ealing; Mr. 0. Lee, Ealing ; Mr. J. T. Taylor, Brentford Bridge ; Mr. Daws, Gunnersbury; Mr. Bobbins, Chiswick ; Mr. Moore, Sion Hill ; Mr. Poupart, Twickenham ; and Mr. Warren, Isleworth. Richmond and Twicken- ham limes, May 3. supering, to obtain both extracted honey and sections from one and the same hive. Motto, " Be up and doing." Bee. The Apiary. PREPARATIONS FOR THE SEASON. If not done before, preparations must at once be made for the coming season. The best plan is to think beforehand what you will do, and then do it. Brood rearing is now going on quickly, and strong hives are getting very full of bees. To get the best results, if you have good frames of comb, make use THE FIXING OF FREE NITRO- GEN BY PLANTS. The fundamental importance of the question, that although the higher green-leaved or chlorophyllous plants may not directly utilise the nitrogen of the air, some of them, at any rate, may acquire nitrogen brought into combination under the influence of lower organisms, and the development of which is, appa- rently, in some cases, a coincident of the growth of the higher plant whose nutrition they are to serve, decided Sir J. 1',. Lawes, Bart., and Professor J. II. Gilbert, LL.D., to institute a series of experiments at Rothamsted on similar lines to those of Hellriegel and Wilgarth in (iermany. A preliminary notice of these interesting and im- portant investigations has lately been published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. xlvii., of which the following is a summary : — In a paper presented to the Royal Society in 1887-8, and printed in vol. clxxx. of the Philosophical Transactions, the authors discussed the history and the present position of the question of the sources of the nitrogen of vegetation. Reference was made to the conclusions arrived at about thirty years ago from the results of Boussingault, and from those obtained at Rothamsted, up to that time. Results were also given of some experiments recently made at Rothamsted in connection with the subject, and bodies, as also by the plant itself, and within the soil by the agency of electricity ; and, finally, that there is fixation under the influence of micro- organisms within the soil, with, or even without, its accompanyinggrowth of higher plants. The balance of evidence seemed undoubtedly in favour of the latter supposition, and of all the various results dis- cussed, those of Hellriegel and Wilgarth were consi- dered to be by far the most definite and significant. The experiments at Rothamsted were started in August, 1888, with Peas, blue Lupins, and yellow Lupins, and notwithstanding the lateness of the season, the results obtained in this initiative series were not only of value as affording experience on various points, of which advantage was taken in the conduct of tiie more extended series made in 1889 with Peas, Vetches, Lucerne, red Clover, blue Lupins, and yellow Lupins ; but they afforded im- portant evidence on the main point of inquiry itself. In 1889 there were four pots of each description of plant. Of the Peas, Clover, Vetches, and Lucerne, No. 1 was prepared with quartz-sand, without combined nitrogen beyond that in the seed sown ; No. 2 with quartz-sand, and " seeded " with a small quantity of turbid watery extract from a rich garden soil; No. 3 was duplicate of No. 2; and No. 4 was with the garden soil itself. Of the blue and yellow Lupins No. 1 was with the prepared quartz- sand ; No. 2, same with Lupin soil-extract added ; No. 3 was duplicate of No. 2; and No. 4 was with the Lupin soil itself, to which 0.01 per cent, of the plant' ash was added. The Pffi« were taken up on October 23 and 24, May 10. 1890.] THE GARDENE&& lllliOXir L E. 589 Before the end of July, the plants in both pots, l! and 3, with soil-extract, began to show enhanced growth compared with that in pot 1, without the soil-extract seeding; and eventually, whilst the plants in pot 1 were only 8j and 8.V inches in height ; those in pot 2 with soil extract were 14 and ,"iOV inches ; and those in pot 3, also with soil- extract, were 52i and 50^ inches high. In pot 4, with the garden soil, the plants showed even some- what less extended growth than those in pots 2 and 3 with the soil-extract only. But the plants in pot 4 were more vigorous, and whilst they (lowered and seeded, neither of those in either pot 2 and 3 did so. In pot 1, without soil-extract, the root development was found to be altogether much less than in either of the other pots, and coincident with this limited growth in pot 1 was the entire absence of nodule formation : and the increased growth in pots 2 and 3 with soil extract, is coincident with a wry great development of nodules on the roots. In pot 4, with garden soil, itself supplying abun- dance of nitrogen, there was also a considerable development of nodules, but distinctly less than in pots 2 and 3, with soil-extract only. The Vetches were taken up on October 26. The height of the plants were— in pot 1, without soil- extract, 11] and 10J inches; in pot 2, with soil extract, .">-". and 67 inches : in pot 3, also with soil- extract, 01 ' and ."'1 inches; and in pot I. with garden soil only, 53 and 36 inches. But, as in the case of l'eas, whilst the plants in pot 4, with the garden soil flowered and seeded, those in pots - and 3, with the soil extract only, did not, but continued to extend upwards a* t!- expense of the lower parts of the plant. Here again, as with the IVas, the wry restricted growth in pot 1 without soil-extract seeding, was associated with very limited root development, and with the entire absence of nodule formation. On the other hand, the very greatly extended vegetative growth in pots - and .'!, with soil-extract, was associated with an immense development of root and root-libre, extending throughout the pots, and with the formation of numerous nodules ; which, how- ever, were generally smaller, more distribute the whole root area, and less accumulated near the surface, than in the case ol the Teas. Lastly, in the garden soil, with its liberal supply of combi 1 nitrogen, there was much less development ol and less also of nodules, than in the pots with sc.il- extract only. J.J. Willis, II ( To be continued.) I '111 FFLES- TBI E ami FALSE. (Continued from , The naked- spored Tru files belonging to the Gust, ro- mycetes an' fewer in number than those belonging to the Ascomycetrs. The order containing the naked- spored Truffles is named Hypogici or " underground fungi. The Tuberacei are usually more immersed in the soil than the Hypogsei. The best known mem- ber of the Hypogici is the ' Red Truffle of Bath," Melanogaster variegatus ilig. '.17, i . The exterior, A, is yellowish or ferruginous in colour, and finely granular; the interior » is soft, intense blue-black marbled with yellow. The naked spores supported in groups of four, on small transparent clubs or basidiu, are shown enlarged 200 diameters at c, so that they may be compared with the atci containing spores enlarged to the same scale in the illustrated species of Tuber. The spores and their supporting baeidia are further enlarged to 000 diameters at D ; whilst at e a single basidium with its four spore supporters and spores is enlarged to 1'hiii diameters. A spore is supposed to have fallen from its support at i , and this fallen spore, with its basal Iiilum, is shown at o. The purple-black spores are very minute, as a comparison with the spores of Tuber I to t'ne same scale will show. This fungus usually grows gregariously some 2 or 3 inches below the surface, at other times partly exposed, only covered by leaves and twigs, under Beeches, Poplars, &c. The odour of this fungus is strong, aromatic, agreeable, and not unlike bitter almonds ; when cooked the taste is sweet, and approved by many. In past times this fungus was commonly sold in the markets of Bath under the name of the "red Truffle," but of late years nothing has been seen of it in the shops or on the stalls. * HI I. 1111 This species is eaten on the continent, nnd is < juite harmless. It has been recorded from California. A close ally of this plant, \\/.., of, ambiguus, has frequently been sent to th.> | office for a name. It is very similar in external appearance with the last, and has precisely the same growth, It always attracts attention by its C " t KM A VIL'iiRlt. potent and truly horrible odour, which has been com- pared with assafcctida. The odour, or stench, is so strong, that it is almost impossible to remain in the room where the fungi are present. Curiously enough, there is a variety of this species (or the last) which is intermediate in character. The following notes on the habits of other of the Hypogici, as observed in this country, have not hith'Tto been printed ; — Octaviania asterosperma.— Generally near the surface, often partially exposed. '3.0- Stephensii.— Near the surface, often wholly superficial, often covered with dead leaves, &c. Hydoangium carotaicolor.— Generally superficial. H. carneum.— Same as last. Hysterangium nephriticum.— Commonly 8 or 9 inches deep in the ground, with copious mycelium. H. Thwaitesii.— Same as last. Rhizopogon rubescens.— Rather superficial, but often some inches deep in very light peaty or fibrous soil. Hymenogaater.— There are about a dozen British species, and all are nearly superficial. H. citrinus is an edible species, and largely con- sumed by some country folks in the Truffle districts of England. Like some of the species of Tuber, it smells strongly of cheese. Correspondents are constantly sending a common fungus, named Scleroderma vulgare, to the office of the Gardeners' Chronicle, asking if it is a Truffle Sg. 98), This fungus belongs to the same family as the last, but to a different order, viz., the Tricho- gastres. Scleroderma vulgare is really a kind of I'urt-ball, with a very thick and hard or corky rind or bark. The external appearance of Scleroderma vulgare is shown at tig. 98, v. U is brown, and clothed with small squarrose scales. The interior, n. is deep purple- black in colour, slightly mottled with whitish lines or spots. The spores are borne on fours on club- shaped supports, aa shown at ., enlarged L'lKI uiami ten, One spore on the right hand sporophore has been removed to show its minute support. A single spore in the act of germination is shown at i, enlarged 500 diameters. The odour is strong and offensive, the habit of growth superficial. Scleroderma can scarcely be termed an edible fungus, yet it has been often eaten, sometimes for its own sake, and sometimes with the mistaken idea that it is a Truffle. It is frequently used for the adulteration olpi ■ defoiegras by non-conscientious ai well as by sellers of cooked turkeys and fowlesupi I to be "Truffled." It is very common in all woods and woody places, from summer till late in the autumn, where it is gathered largely as a sub- stitute for Truffles by persons belonging to the second and third class French and Italian cafetot London. Winn quite young, the Scleroderma is perhaps harmless; in this state it has been named " Vegetable Tripe," but when fully developed, un- pleasant consequences may be expected if it is con- sumed in anything but extreme moderation. There are three other British species of Scleroderma, viz., s. borista, S, rerrucosnm, and S. tJeuster. The true l'liir-balls, close allies of the last, are seldom mistaken for Truffles. Of these the best known and safest for the table is the giant Puff-ball Lycoperdon gigantenm, of large size and snowy colour inside and out. Mr. ('. E, Broome's herbarium containing all the British Truffles, and most of the continental species, is now in the Department of Botany, British Museum, South Kensington, and my microscopic preparations on glass of the fruit of the fungi, men- tioned by me in this brief account of true and false I raffles, is in the same department. The illustra- tions, published herewith, have all been made from living specimens. Worthinglon G. Smith, Dmwtable. PLANT POBTBAITS. CaSSINIA miviiia, Gn lien/lorn. May 1. Clianthus Dampubbi var. mabginaTcs, Garden March 29. Cybtanthus sakooineos. Garden, April 12. EnCephalabtos llii.iJKiuiANot, Gartenflora, May 1, Hypericum Mosebianum'x, Hemic de V Horti- culture Beige, May. -This is alleged to be a hybrid between 11. calycinum and H. patulum. The flowers are large, clear yellow, with the tuft of anthers in the centre of a bright red colour. Lll.UM NIT'MKNSI: var. OI'IIROI.KUI 1)1. Gllnlrll. Aj.ril 19. Ubsinia mi, ma \u,\ 11 in (a, Garden, April 26, 590 TEE GAftDENERS* CEBOtflCLE [Mat JO, l8fJ0. Home Correspondence. THE DAHLIA SEASON.— This week the leading dealers in Dahlias will be busily engaged in sending their voting green Dahlia plants to all parts of the country. The traditional time for sending out is May 1, and (luring the month the number of plants sent out is something astonishing. It is true that new varieties do not now command the prices they once did, but there is no decrease in their produc- tion, and the leading Dahlia growers say the demand for plants is as great as ever. Young plants har- dened off for travel, laid down on their sides, and packed in soft moss, will travel for a week without taking harm. When unpacked, the plants should be stood in a cold frame, be lightly sprinkled over- head with water, and kept close for two or three days ; then they should be repotted and grown on ready for planting out in the open during the first or second week in June. Those who may require show Dahlias of any section can readily make their selection from the lists of nurserymen and dealers in florists' flowers, if. I). THE PROPOSED SHOW IN THE TEMPLE GAR- DENS.— It is now the Jth of May. In just three weeks the announced Temple Gardens Show of the Royal Horticultural Society is due, but nothing has yet been heard of the schedule of the show. Only last week I inquired of one of the members of the Council, and, strange to say, he could give me no information. Can it be possible that a show is contemplated without a schedule? That is too wild a suggestion. On the other hand, with no schedule of the classes or exhibits yet issued, how is anyone to know what to prepare — or is the show abandoned ? If so, that should be made public as early as possible. That may be a wise course, as, so far, the shows have resulted in losses rather than in gains to the Society, except that they may have led to the accession of new Fellows. If that be so, then it is all the more incumbent upon the Council that, having published their intention to hold a grand show in the Temple Gardens at the end of the month, they should keep faith with the Fellows. Whatever course it is proposed to take should be made known at once, as it does seem incredible that, with only three weeks interval of the holding of a great show, that no schedule should have been issued. The loss last year, when the weather was not too propitious, seems to have been about £23. Should the present year's weather be favourable, the result may be a good balance on the right side, whilst possible loss can hardly be considerable. A. STRAWBERRY NOBLE, AND OTHERS —I was interested in the notes in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle about Strawberry Noble. Those who have failed to grow it satisfactorily are advised by Mr. Barham to try again ; I am sorry I cannot take his advice, having this season given it a fair trial, and my experience is very different from his. In the first place, I would state that it was employed for very early forcing, and, considering its value as a first early in the open, no doubt others would do as I did. For later fruiting, say the third week in April, it would do better, and force easier than at a much earlier date, but in that case the question arises whether at that date we have not got better- flavoured Strawberries equally fine as Noble, and we have much better-flavoured Strawberries that will come in at the same time. My experience of Noble for early forcing — I mean for fruiting at the end of February and early in March — is, that it was very poor, and a long way behind Vicomtesse Hcricart de Thury ; the fruit sets badly, and is ill- shaped, more than half of them being deformed, and they do not finish well at that time. Perhaps some of your readers will say it was owing to bad culture, but such was not the case. La Grosse Sucree and Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury were good, and these received the same kind of treatment; moreover, Noble should have been best, it having potted up a week earlier than the others, the plants, single crowns, well matured, and gave every promise of a fine crop of berries. For outdoor culture, I do not say one word against it, but for early forcing I am not inclined to try it again. Flavour, if not good, is often over- looked in a large showy early forced Strawberry ; still, flavour and earliness to fruit always count for a great deal. Marguerite is excellent for early work, and will not disappoint those who want an early forcer. La Grosse Sucree can also be depended upon. We find this a useful variety, and of good flavour ; but should be removed to a cooler house to finish, the flavour being then much improved. King of the Earlies does not come large enough, so we do not grow it. Our best early or second early Strawberry for fruiting in March and early in April is Auguste Nicaise ; this is a good variety to succeed those I have named, and it is much liked in Covent Garden, always commanding good prices. If Noble had been a good forcer, we should have seen a greater quantity of it for sale from those who make a specialty of forcing these fruits, and there are a great number in this district. Auguste Nicaise, if well done, comes of a large size, is wedge-shaped, of a fine colour and flavour. This was shown by Mr. Smith, of Mentmore, on April 8 last, at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting in fine condition, and was awarded a Certificate of Merit. Mr. Smith speaks highly of it as an early forcer. I have grown it at Syon for this purpose for two seasons in quantity, and consider it to be one of the best. It is not grown much out-of-doors, the older varieties of proved flavour which do better in our locality being mostly grown. Auguste Nicaise loses nearly all its foliage here when planted out, owing probably to fog ; and the useful Sir J. Paxton does the same, and this winter it has done badly with us. Auguste Nicaise does well when once started, and throws up its flower-spikes well above the leaves, and sets well. The plants are plunged then in a bed of fresh tree leaves close to the glass, covering the frame at night, and removing them to shelves in forcing-houses when the fruits are set. When this variety becomes better known it will be appreciated, as it really is one of the best forcing Strawberries I have met with so far. It. ,\ t/thcs, Syon House. As Mr. Sheppard remarks, this Straw- berry cannot be praised for its flavour. Now, although this defect may not be considered of great moment by the market gardener, it will certainly not be so in the home gardens, where flavour in a fruit is looked upon as of the most importance. That this want of flavour should exist in a variety which otherwise has every other good quality is unfortunate, and I have no doubt it has caused disappointment to many besides myself, who are locking out for large and faultless early forcing Strawberries. Perhaps everything taken into con- sideration, we have not a better early variety than Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury. If it did but grow to the size of Noble, or did Noble possess its flavour, there would be little to complain of. La Grosse Suciee is large enough, but it also fails in point of flavour, and with us it has sometimes a deficiency of pollen when very early forced, setting imperfectly in consequence. Moreover, when ripened perfectly, it, like Keen's Seedling, is too soft to travel well. For successional crops no variety surpasses President ; here it is all that can be wished for, our heavy soil suiting its robust constitution. It is, however, liable to be affected by mildew, but that is a malady which need not reach serious consequences if ordinary care be taken in its cultivation. T/ios. Coomber. SUCCESSFUL MUSHROOM GROWINU. — The appearance of the beds in the Mushroom-house at The Cedars, Harrow Weald, go far to demonstrate that the illustrations of large clumps of Mushrooms with which dealers are wont to decorate their circulars are not unattainable. For a considerable time the beds cropped by Mr. J. Dinsmore, the gar- dener here, have been covered with such tufts, which were of the best quality. " New Milltrack " is the spawn used, and the beds have never been known to fail to produce excellent crops, commencing to do so in a month to five weeks after spawning. Such uniformly good results afford much satisfaction to employer and gardener alike. •/. O'S. THE DYKE BEAUTIFUL. — The flat, fenlike country between Louth and Grimsby is known as The Marsh, locally. First impressions of the country, owing in great measure to dykes taking the place of hedges by the sides of the roads and between the fields, are unfavourable, and everything seems mo- notonous. But when one has taken a walk across the dyke-divided fields, and been invigorated by the wild free air from the German ocean, all such im- pressions give way to keen pleasure. The charm is chiefly due to the wonderful vegetation in the dykes, the sides of which are covered with the flowers of Marsh Marigolds, which gleam like beaten gold in the sunlight. Looking down the dyke, the eye be- holds a long vista of gold. Variation in tint is given by the bright lush foliage, and by the pretty white flowers of the Water Crowfoot, with its graceful laciniated leaves swimming on the surface. A soberer tint is also given by the brown flowering shoots of the Equisetums, the peltate, fertile leaves of which well repay curious examination. Furthermore, the upspringing Yellow Flags and Meadow Sweets promise a like beauty of vegetation in the summer. This is not a feebly attempted description of one dyke, everyone that is crossed or followed lavishes white and gold. Why cannot the dykes be made like unto these throughout the country ? I used to know the Isle of Ely well, where the same sort of dykes are frequent, but never a Marigold by their sides. It is not a difficult matter to naturalise these flowers in suitable places, and their beauty and brightness would give ample returns for the trouble taken. I do not feel conscious of any exaggeration in saying that few things in Nature, in its quiet moods, have appeared to me more beautiful than these flower-girt dvkes in the Lincolnshire marsh. C. A. M. Carmichael. NARC1SSU3 " PRODIGY. '—Allow me to protest against the figuring and naming of a flower suffering from a common malformation as a new variety. It is well known to growers and observers of Narcissi that this contraction at the mouth is as much a separable accident as the loss of the trumpet by snails and slugs would be. I have at present a whole bed of N. bicolor of which almost every flower has precisely this same contraction at the mouth, and I find that N. bicolor is especially subject to it in my garden. Surely we have Daffodils enough and to spare without deformed flowers being added to the lists. I send specimen flowers herewith of (I) N. bicolor, (2) N. grandis, (3) N. Ilorsfieldi, (4) N. Emperor, all of which have not only the contracted mouth of Prodigy, but also the peculiar backward curve of the segmeuts, which is also incident to this malformation. Secondary flowers, i.e., those which are thrown up by vigorous bulbs after the first flower- ing, commonly take this form. It is extremely un- likely that this character will prove really fixed in any Narcissus. G. H. Engelheart, Applakaw, Andovcr. [The flower is no more deformed than a double variety. Ed.] A GOOD COVERING FOR A WALL.— In the span- roofed Rose-house at Gunnersbury is to be seen a capital plan of covering the wall, which retains the soil in the Rose bed. Small plants of Tracheo- spermum jisminoides were put out in the bed in which the Roses are growing, and these haije grown freely over the top and down the front of the wall alongside the path in the house. This plant is well adapted for the purpose, being an evergreen ; and when covered with blossom, as it always is early in the year, the house being forced early, the perfume must be delightful. As the plant is not injured by hard pruning, it can be kept within bounds for a great number of years ; and the roots not being numerous or strong, as those of many other climbing plants, the border is not robbed to the detriment of the Roses. E. 31. SCARLET RUNNER BEANS. —As frequent sowings of this variety of Legume will be made during the next two months, it may be opportune to remark that very pleasant arbours may be made by sowing seeds of the strong growing Champion Runner, 12 inches apart, and a few of Painted Lady at intervals in the row. When the plants are 3 inches high, a little of the soil should be drawn up to them on either side. The sticks may then be put firmly into the ground in front of each plant, bringing them to- gether overhead and tying them in that position with fine tar-string. This done, lay on a mulching of short dung, and water the plants copiously in dry weather. The junction of walks in the kitchen earden is an eligible place for such a retreat. H. W. W. WINTERING LETTUCE.— In some places this is a matter of some importance, especially when Lettuce is wanted and must be had during March, which month I consider is about the worst in which to secure good Lettuces, as the winter stock in frames is then well-nigh exhausted, and during February and March the plants are apt to damp-off very much. I have found the best way is to sow seeds at different periods during August and September, and plant them as soon as fit into frames, keeping the lights off at all times when the weather admits of it being done safely. Soon after the New Year, when those Lettuces that were taken up and housed are getting Mat 10, 1890.] THE GARbENERtf CHRONICL K. 591 scarce, some manure and leaves are mixed thoroughly together and put round the frames, so as to afford them a gentle heat, which will bring the Lettuces along at a steady rate. As to varieties. All the Year Round and Neapolitan stand this kind of treat- ment better than any other. Another method I have adopted is to prick out a large bed of Lettuces on a south border, and place three light boxes over them when the weathpr gets cold enough to make such protection desirable. 1 have also taken up and tried to force such hardy varieties as Hicks' Cos and Bath Cos, but with no good results. The best way is to get an early supply of these Lettuces, and put a lot of them out in the autumn at the foot of a south wall. They do not interfere with the wall trees, and one can keep aphides in check by a little watching, and the plants will take care of themselves till the time for tying them up arrives. We are now cutting nice Lettuces from the south wall treated in the above manner. W. A. I < Basstit. EPACRIS. — The present is a good time to prune the late-flowered plants of Epacris, the earlier having been done some weeks since. Growth usually begins at this late period before the bloom is quite over, and it is therefore best not to wait, but shorten back each shoot individually, leaving the spurs about an inch in length ; and in some cases, where the heads of the plants are thick, it may be necessary or advisable to thin out some of them, especially those that are weak, which will have the effect of letting the light into the head. The next thing is to afford the plants some slight degree of warmth, s;r, 55°, and keep them close for a few weeks, and syringe them occasionally. As soon as growth has recommenced generally, they are ready for shifting into pots that have just room enough to allow ol a little fresh soil being worked in round the ball. This should be the best libry peat, broken up somewhat roughly, and mixed with a fair quantity of sharp ■and. The drainage, an important point, should con- sist of finely broken crocks, an inch in depth, placed over a large crock, covering (he hole, and on them a sprinkling ol moss. The fresh soil must be rammed hard, as it is very important that the soil be made as firm as possible, or the water passes through too quickly, and the exceedingly fine hair-like roots will not be able to live. As soon as potting is complete, a good soaking should be given, and the plants ngain placed where they can be favoured with moisture and warmth at I" fore, and as soon as growth is complete, and become a little hardened, the plants will be benefited by being stood in a sheltered, half- shaded place out-of-doors, where they may remain till the autumn, small plants being plunged in coal- ashes. The miniata or climbing varieties should not be cut back, but simply thinned, and loosely trained to neat stakes, and such plants form splendid specimens, that are very beautiful when in full bloom. J.S. ASPARAGUS AS A PILLAR PLANT.— Mr. Hudson has growing in a cool-house at Gunnersbury, V tenuiesimui and A. plumosus nanus as pillar plants, and effective plants they are in that position. As a plant to cut the foliage from, the former is certainly the better, the finely cut leaves being good for inter- mingling with flowers, and especially white ones, in vases, epergnes, &c. ; but lor grace when growing, the latter is the liner, the leaves on plants of 4 or. '> feet in height standing nut almost horizontally, and the point of each leaf droops sufficiently to take off all appearance of stiffness. E. M. JAPANESE CONIFERS.— 1 have been studying these in their native forests with Dr. Masters' paper on the subject, and have been fortunate enough while travelling in Vesso and northern Japan to get a plentiful supply of cones. I send you photographs of Abies sachalinensis, A. Veitchii, and A. Mariesii, which are as good as species can be. There are five species already described, to which I shall add a sixth, H.Mayr, Tokio, Japan. CRINUM PURPURASCENS. — Dean Herbert did not include Crinum purpurascens in his stoloniferous section because it was not what he considered a truly stoloniferous plant. According to his view, a stolon was a creeping underground sucker which formed a bulb after coming to the surface. Had he been called upon to define the habit of C. pur- purascens, he would have said " bulbulis valde prolifera." Crinum erubescens is a good example of the stolon hearing Crinums. It. T. 0, S0CIETIE3. THE BRITISH FRUIT GROWERS" ASSOCIATION. Thk Executive Committee of the above Associa- tion held a meeting in the Horticultural Club room, Hotel Windsor, on May 1, T. Francis Rivers, Esq., in the chair. A number of members having been elected, the Hon. Secretary announced that Mr. Shirley Ilibberd had consented to read a paper on the '* Origin of the Cultivated Strawberry " at the June meeting. The proposed report on the " Present Con- dition and Prospects of Fruit Culture " was discussed at some length, and letters were read approving of the scheme. The Duke of Bedford sent a cheque for £25, and Earl F'ortescue wrote as follow? : — " I heartily wish you success in your work. I have long been of opinion that fruit culture may be largely extended in Great Britain and Ireland with advan- tage to the owners and occupiers of land, and to the general public. Your Association has been render- ing a real puhlic service both by directing public attention to fruit culture for profit in this country, and by helping to dispel the erroneous idea too freely circulated respecting the enormous returns obtain- able from a small capital employed in fruit cultivation. Your report truly observes that much harm has been done by ill-informed advisers, for fruit growing cannot be made to pay a fair profit without practical knowledge of the work, starting with a carefully considered scheme, and sound judgment in carrying it out. A sub-committee was appointed to prepare a scheme to deal with the matter. Mr. L, Castle submitted a note upon Paris Green as an insecticide for special application to fruit trees, and described some experiments. The strongest mixture of this poisonous substance appeared to have no direct effect upon caterpillars, and it is only whin it is lodged on the surface of the leaf and consumed by them that it becomes destructive. It had little or no effect upon the leaves as tried, and, except when the mixture is not properly stirred, there seems little danger in this respect. Experiments were also tried upon plants in pots, to ascertain if any ill effect was produced by the Paris Green passing through the soil to the roots ; but the plants were quite uninjured, and, being insoluble, it is not taken up by the roots. It was mentioned that Miss Ormerod had kindly sent much information upon the matter, including her recent " Report upon Injurious Insects." A large fruit-grower also wrote as follows : — " We have a plentiful crop of caterpillars ; we are, however, vigorously attacking them with Paris Green, London Purple, and Quassia. We can hardly determine yet which will auswer best, but the (Juassia appears to be quickest in its action, as it kills by contact; but with the other two you have to wait until they have consumed the poison." THE SCOTTISH HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. Tiik ordinary monthly meeting of this Associa- tion was held on the (ith inst. in the hall of the Young Men's Christian Association, Edinburgh, Mr. Morrison, Vice-President, in the chair. A paper was read by Mr. W. Sutherland, entitled " A Popular History of the Potato," which elicited an interesting discussion. Some interesting exhibits were on the table. Mr. Henderson, Clermiston, exhibited a stand of twelve blooms of Niphetos Rose, cut from a plant three years old, carrying seventy other similar blooms, and which has been flowering freely throughout the winter. The flowers exhibited were remarkable for the great size and substance of their petals, several of t lie buds measuring 4 inches in length. A Cultural Certificate was awarded in recognition of their excellence. The same exhibitor also showed a fine spike of Digitalis purpurea in flower, with excellent foliage attached, showing that it was amenable to forcing, and suggesting its usefulness in that way, along with the white variety, for the decoration of the conservatory in spring. Mr. Calder, of Calderbank, Trinity, showed a very distinct Khododendron, named Mrs. Calder, It is the result of a cross between R. Kdgworthii and H. formosum, again intercrossed. The flowers are large, white, prettily fringed on the margin, and delicious])- fragrant. It was awarded a First-class Certificate, From Mr, Calder also came a fine pair of plants of Heuchera sanguinea from the green- house, well-bloomed, fresh, and attractive. Mr. Lindsay, Bonnington Bank House, showed a good example of Vallota purpurea major, which was much admired. Mr. Grant, St. Leonards, Dunfermline, exhibited a specimen Masdevallia Houtteana, so well bloomed, that it was awarded a Cultural Certificate. Mr. Morris, Trinity Lodge, brought a series of varieties of Rhododendron hybrids between Sikkim and Bhootan species, all cut from the open. They are the result of experiments made by the late Mr. Anderson Henry, are very distinct, and in most cases beautiful, but obviously better adapted to the green- house or winter garden than the open in our climate. Mr. McMillan, Trinity, also showed some beautiful greenhouse Rhododendrons in truss. Messrs. Laing & Mather, Kelso, exhibited plants in bloom of Messrs. Linden's new Souvenir de la Malmaison Carnation, Madame Arthur Warocque. The plant rs compact, dwarf, freely branching in habit. The flowers are deep rich red, and freely produced. It was awarded a First-class Certificate. James Cheetham.— Two men of some mark among the Northern florists have recently died. One is James Cheetham, who died at Rochdale, a few days since, at an advanced age. For many years Cheetham was a florist of note, though scarcely in the foremost rank, growing Auriculas, Polyanthus, Tulips, and other things. He was somewhat promi- nently known in connection with old Robin Lanca- shire's magnificent grey-edged Auricula Hero. It was first shown by Robin at Rochdale, in 1840, and in the class competition was placed second to Grimes' Privateer, a variety much inferior to it. In great grief at his disappointment, Robin sold his stock of Hero — some eight or ten plants — for a small sum, but afterwards wished to buy it back, but could not do so. The purchaser sold it to Cheet- ham, who sent it out as Cheetham's Lancashire Hero; and now, nearly a half century afterwards, it remains still one of the best grey-edges in cultiva- tion. In common with some other light-mealed grey-edges, it will sometimes come green-edged ; a young plant will sometimes throw a green truss, or an old plant, if the truss becomes hare in December or January. Two or three plants of Lancashire Hero in its green form were shown at the Royal Aqnarinm on the 29th ult. Mr. Alderman Daniel Woolley, of Stock- port, was for many years in business there as a druggist and seedsman. Tulips were his great hobby, and he was generally to the fore on the occasion of the annual exhibition of the Royal National Tulip Society, and at the shows held in and round Stockport. Mr. Woolley took an active part in local affairs, and had been a member of the Corporation of Stockport for a considerable period. II. D. JAMES Flood. — Many of our readers will learn with regret of the death on May 4 of Mr. Jas. Flood in his fifty-second year. The deceased was a frequent attendant at all the large Metropolitan and Pro- vincial horticultural exhibitions, and had a wide circle of friends. His birthplace stood on land which is now Regent's Park ; and his father and he assisted the late Mr. Marnock in the laying out of the Royal Botanic Garden of London, and for some time afterwards. He was buried at Finchley Cemetery on Wednesday, May 7. Joseph Robinson. — The recent death at Slough of Mi". Joseph Robinson removed from our midst another of that band of florists who, as culti- vators and exhibitors, made floriculture so famous forty and fifty years ago. To many of the present generation of florists his name will scarcely he known ; but the records of the exhibitions of the Royal Botanic and Royal Horticultural Societies, as given in the Gardeners' Chronicle between 1810 and 1858, show that both as a cultivator and exhibitor of Pelargoniums, Chrysanthemums, Verbenas, &c, he >92 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mat 10, 1890. achieved great successes. He was a contemporary of William Barnes, James Cutbush, William Holmes, James Ivery, F. R, Kinghorn, C. Ledgard, C. P. Lockyer, A. Parsons, John Salter, George Smith, K. Stains, C. Turner, and others, who in their day covered the metropolitan district with a network of floricultural societies, and a great impetus to popularising the leading florists flowers. Horn at Chelmsford, in February, 1811, his early- associations with gardening are not known ; but it was while gardener to James Simpson, Esq., Thames liank, Pimlico, that he made his mark on contem- porary floriculture, taking many medals, 1st prizes, &c, at the above-named exhibitions, and at others held within the area of the metropolis. He raised a good many new florists' flowers, but is bast remembered as having produced Kobinson's Scarlet Defiance Ver- bena, a vigorous growing bright-coloured bedding variety, that was largely grown, and possibly may be found in some collections to this day. The stock of this Verbena was purchased by the late Mr. Charles Turner for the sum of £20, and distributed by him. The Florist and Garden Miscellany contain some articles from his pen. On leaving Pimlico, about 18o8, he went to live at Slough, and engaged himself in laying-out work under Mr. Charles Turner. Some years ago he retired from active life. About eighteen months before his death, his health began to fail him, and it gradually declined until he died in calmness and peace. He outlived most of his fellow-workers in the same field, but there are some who yet cherish his memory, and who will hear of his death with regret. R. 1). Variorum, Essentials to Success in Horticulture, —Professor L. H. Bailey, late Horticulturist of the Michigan Agriculture Experimental Station, has given Ten essentials to success in Horticulture, which appear to be as applicable to the Old World as to the New, of which the following is a summary : — 1. The first condition is the man — a thinking man, one who knows his market as well as his orchard ; who can reason justly from cause to effect. I.uod brains are as important as good land. 2. The second consideration is the land ; not necessarily that which will grow the most, but rather that which will grow the best, the highest coloured, and best quality of fruit. •'!. Culture.— Crops need culture. Good culti- vation consists not so much in digging and ploughing deeply, as in stirring often. This keeps the soil soft, moist, and pliable. 4. Manure, and lots ol it.— The best is stable- manure, applied to the land as fast as made. Put it on the ground in the autumn. Do not compost stable manure, but keep it level aud moist in broad low clamps. It will be all the better if kept shaded. Compost is good, not for the stable manure, but for miscellaneous refuse, leaves, garden rubbish, lawn- mowings, &e. A compost pile should be forked over two or three times a year. 5. Location.— High grounds are best for fruit, not because they are wind-swept, as some people erro- neously suppose, but because they drain the cold ail- down and away ; hence " protected " elevations are the best. A windbreak should not be so thick as to absorb the moisture in the atmosphere. It should be planted far enough away, so as not to interfere with, or retard the growth of, the young trees. The use of Beech and Maple trees are ndvised for wind- breaks. 6. Varieties.— For this it is necessary to study the market. 7. Marketing.— Study tasty, effective, and honest packing. 8. Pedigree is as important for fruit as for horses or cattle, as it determines the colour, size, and quality, of our products. 0. Succession oi crops, applying especially to vegetable growing. Many of those come oil' earlv, so that another crop can occupy the ground, viz., Radishes, Turnips. Celery. Thus, hotbeds may serve successive uses, and a good portion of our capital be turned several times a year. 10. Market facilities. — The gardener must adapt himself to the markets, as they will not adapt them- selves to him. If far from market, that must be grown which can be cheaply transported, ami which carries a good deal of value in small bulk. The Weeping-Tree Mystery. — Prof. Her- bert Osborn has called our attention to an article in the Dallas (Texas) Morning News of October !», in which a very well written and humorous account is given of the solution by the reporter of that paper of the mystery of the so-called " weeping-trees," reports of which from Grayson County, and other parts of Texas, are said to have " set the State agog with various explanations of the phenomenon, ranging from the superstitious credence of the supematurally in- clined to the positive denial and derisive laugh of the constitutionally sceptical." The brave reporter, how- ever, upon the discovery of one of these remarkable trees in Dallas, laying aside all superstition, climbed courageously up the trunk, and discovered that the tears were shed by a multitude of small insects " of dark green colour, with gold under the wings, which adhered to the bark, and scamppred about when disturbed, and flew away when pressed too closely." Prof. G. W. Curtis, of the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, secured specimens, and sent them to Prof. Osborn, who recognised them as the common little leaf-hopper, Proconia (Oncometopia) undata, which we have referred to in previous writings, and on pp. 53 and oi of vol. i. of Insect Life, as occurring upon the Orange in Florida, and upon Cotton plants in other Southern States, and which we have there stated is remarkable for the distance to which it ejects drops of honey-dew. We frequently met with this species in the Cotton fields in the summer of 1879, and noted the extraordinary abundance of the secretion. Prof. Curtis, in his letter to Prof. Osborn, stated that in Dallas they made the tree present a decided appearance of weep- ing quite profusely, the drops being small, but coming quite thick and fast. Each insect would eject a drop at intervals of two seconds during a period of several minutes, and would then stop for a little while. Insect Lite. The Weather, THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending May it, is furnished from the Meteorological Office :— " The leather has been very line and bright over the greater part of the kingdom ; in Ireland and the extreme north and west of Scotland, however, the conditions have been rather showery and unsettled. Thunder and lightning occurred in different parts of the country on Saturday. " The temperature was low during the early days of the period, and subsequently the daily maxima became high, although the minimum continued rather low. The average for the week has varied from 1° above the mean for the time of year in Scotlaud to 2° and 3° below it in ' England. N.E.,' and • England, E.' The highest of the maxima were generally recorded on Saturday, when the tliermo- uieterrose to between 6^° and 67° in Scotland, 0.3° and G7U in Ireland, and to between 0(3° and 71° over England. The lowest of the minima, which were registed on irregular dates, ranged from 28° in 'Scotland, E.,' and 'England, S.W.,' and 29 in ' Scotland, W.,' and' Ireland. N.,' to 35° in England N.YVV and 40° in the ' Channel Islands.' " The rainfall has been more than the mean in Ireland, and especially over the northern parts of the country, but less over Great Britain ; in the principal Wheat-producing districts the fall was trifling. ' Brujht sunshine, though very prevalent, has been less so than it was last week in Ireland ; over England and Scotland, however, a very decided increase is shown. The percentage of the possible duration varied from 35 in 'Ireland, N.,' to 60 in ' England, S.,' 61 in ' England, E ,' and to 74 in the ' Channel Islands.' " [By the term "accumulated temperature" 19 meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Falir. for the period named; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees— a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Temperature. Rainfall. Bright Sub. ja M Accumulated j a ■ § 3 1 . l"?j •H -* ai « ? 3 T** » - -="5 J- X 5 I * >■ s|i + s S3 1a 1 1 - 53 2 4- 4 — 61 4 — ti:i 8.3 60 30 7 I + r.I 5 + 37 - Or. :i 74 16 0 41 29 8 0 av. 55 0 - 26,- 7'.' -J 70 9.9 11 27 9 1 — 53 1 -1- 7+14 1 - 72 12.2 52 33 10 1 - 46 u 4- 2—48 1+80 10.6 35 m 11 1~ ;, i 0 + 10- Id 0 0-12 0 | Lilyofthp Valley, p. 0-12 0 doz. pots 12 0-18 0 Lobelia, per dozen ... 5 0-60 0-60 0 Marguerites, doz. ... 6 0-12 0 0-24 0 Mignonette, per doz. 5 0-90 Musk, per dozen ...40-60 0-48 0 Palms in var., each 2 6-21 0 0-24 0 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 0- 8 0 0-18 0 — per doz \> 0-24 0 Roses, various, duz.12 0-V4 0 0-24 0 — (Fairy), percoz. 8 0-10 0 0-24 0 Saxifrage, per do/.. .,1? 0-24 0 0-18 0 Solamims, per dozen 6 0-12 O 6-7 0 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-90 n variety in boxes, and also in pots. Mat 10, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 593 Cut Flowers.— average Wholesale Prices. t.d. s. d. i. c Abutilons, 12 bun. ...20-40' Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 ( Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 — French, per bun. 1 ) Bluebells, doe. bun. . 1 0- 2 0 Vf arterites, la bun. 3 < Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 Narcissus, various, Cailaeethiopica,l2bI. 3 0-50 doz. bun Camellias, white, per Pelargouiu dozen 2 0-40 12 spr. — various, per doz. 1O-20 Carnations. 12 blms. 10-20 Cowslips, doz. bun. .10-1' Cyclamens., 12 blms. 0 4-0! Daffodils, 12 bunches 3 0-60 Eucharis, per dozen 4 0- I Gardenias, 12 blooms 16-40 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10 Hyacinths (Dutch;, .scarlet, ... 0 dozen sprays... 0 S, 12 bun. ... 0 Primulas, double, Vd sprays 1 Roses, Tea, per doz. 1 — coloured, dozen. 2 — French, dozen ... 1 — red.perdozen ... 3 — Safrano, dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 per box 16-30 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 4 Lilac, white.Fr., bun. 4 0-60 Tuberoses. 12 bim».... 1 Lilium, var., 12 bl.... 2 0-60 Tulips, doz. bunches 3 Lily of the Valley, — (Dutch).iuboxe^, 2 doz. sprays ... 0 6- 1 0 Violets, 12 bun. ... 1 Maiden Hair Fern, — French, bunch ... 1 12 bun 4 0-90 — Parma, bunch ... 3 Orchid-bloom riel y. SEEDS. London: May 7. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sonn, seed merchants, of 37, Mark Lane, write that to-day's market was characterised by the quietude usual during the summer months, the transactions passing being few and unimportant. Clover and Trefoil seeds are firm at recent prices. Occasional small sowing orders still drop in. Mustard and Hapeseed keep steady. In Blue Peas the tendency is up- wards. Other articles, in the absence of business, offer no subject for remark. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, lor the week ending May 3 : — Wheat, .'iO.s. d to send me. At the rate of 1 oz. to a fallou of water at a temperature of 95°, I rind it kill-. Green ly immediately. Double this strength, or 2 07.. to a gallou at 120°, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug. and so far as I have yet observed, without the slightest injury to leaf or flower, and it is withal a most agreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or gardeu engine, a much severer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or tpray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methven & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hoiloway, London, January 1, 18SS. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) B. S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Kurserumen, atut Florists, in Bottles at Is. 6d., 2s. 6d., and 3s. 6rf. ; in Tins (I and 2 gallons), 10s. 6(f. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gallons aud upwards, 9s. per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queon, Edinburgh. May be had from B. S. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Hollowav, London ; aud from WILLIAM EDWARDS' AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. Great Reduction in Price of LETHORION (VAPOUR CONE). J^i- ^ -Qali-J-'-"''. ' *%. . Nothing can surpass this ^'•7; 4 "«''W for the total de- ESSl/ -,ru'""n ut Lis.rt Pests in SJ^&i Greenhouses. It CANNOT where the houses are re. No possihle injury to tlie most delicate plant. PRICES — For Frames. fcc., of 5o cubic feet, 6d. ; . inn feet, 'J.t. Houses, (to., jV .-.mi l.-.l . Is.; 100O feet, s. M. ; 4000 feet, 5s. each. Owing i<> the enormous demand, intending users should ;/"'(,' their Seedsmen ,Eatly Orders to secure a supply. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), LONDON. TO ]!/■: OHTAIXM) OF ALL SEEDSMEN. j£jf~ VERY CHOICE ORCHID SPECIALLY FREE FROM ALL WASTE. PEAT 12s. per Cask. ALL RICH BROWN FIBRE. BEST HARDWOOD,for Stove Plants, Selected Turves, 8s. cask ; for Ferns and General Use, from 5s. cask. SPLENDID LOAM, Yellow, Fibrous, in trucks, 16*. per ton. SPHAGNUM MOSS, Fresh Picked, 2a. Gd. bush. ; 7s. 6rf. sack. COCOA-NUT FIBRE, 10 sks., 8/6; 20 sks„ 15«. LEA V and PEAT MOULD, Is. bushel. SUPERIOR (Selected) TOBACCO PAPER, COBK MATS, and all other Sundries. Send for W. WOOD & SON'S List of Specialties. W. WOOD & SON, F.R.H.S., *Ti™r' WOOD GREEN, LONDON, N. CARSON'S PAINT Patronised by 16,000 of the Nobility, Gentry, and Clergy, for all kinds of OUTDOOR WORK, CONSERVATORIES, Greenhouses, Frames, &c. 1 Cwt., and Oil mixture, Free to all Stations. Liquid Non-Poisonous Paints for Inside of Conservatories, Ac. Prices, Patterns, and Testimonials, Post-free. LA BELLE SAUVAGE YARD, LUDGATE HILL, E.C. BACHELOB'S WALK, DUBLIN.— Discount for Cash. 594 THE a A R DE NEBS' CHRO NI CL E. [Mat 10, 1890. SLUGICIDE. — Certain Death to Slugs, Fer- tiliser to soil, perfectly harmless to Plants, Vegetable and Animal Life, delicate Seedlings are absolutely secure if sprinkled with Slugicide. Is. 6d. per box. THE SLUGICIDE CO., 6, Mary-le-port Street. Bristol. Agents wanted. NATIVE GUANO : Best and Cheapest Manure for Garden u-e, NATIVE GUANO. Price £3 10s. per ton, in bags. Lota under 10 cwt., 4s. per cwt. 1 cwt. sample bag sent, carriage paid, to any station in England on receipt of P.O. for 5s. Extracts from Thirteenth Annual Collection of Reports :— NATIVE GUANO for POTATOS, VEGETABLE j, FRUIT, &c— C. Fii>ler, Reading, used it for Potatos, and says :— " I found your Manure gave very satisfactory results." C.J. Waite, Gr. to Col. the Hon. W. P. Talbot, says:— "lean strongly recommend your Native Guano as a first-rate Manure for any fruits or kitchen garden crops, also grass. In the5 years during which I have freely used it. I have gained over 560 prizes." NATIVE GUANO for ROSES, TOMATOS, &c. — W. G. Bailey, Nurseries, Bexley, u9ed it for Roses, Tomatos, and Cucumbers, and says :— " I find it a good and cheap article." A. F. Barron. Royal Horticultural Society, says :— " With- out doubt a very valuable Manure, and easy of application." Orders to the NATIVE GUANO CO., Limited. 29, New Bridge Street, Hlackfriars, London, E.C., where Pamphlets of Testimonials, &.C., may be obtained. Agents wanted. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2ts. doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 8 ins.. 12s. doz. SPECIALITE TOBACCO PAPER. \0d. per lb.. 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT, 8s. per sack. PEAT, LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E. ISHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners since 1859 against Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water ; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing for Vines and Orchard-house Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes, Is., 3s., and 10s, 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale From PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited). London. FAWKES' SLOW-COMBUSTION HEATINC APPARATUS. Most Efficient and Cheapest in Existence. Requires no sunk stokehole and do brick netting. Will last all night without atten- tion. Will burn house cinders, therefore costs next to nothing for fuel. Any one can fix it. A domestic servant can stoke it. Complete Apparatus from £4 12b. SUCCESS GUARANTEED. bers in use at over the country Only Slow Com bastion Appara^ tus of the kind. CAUTION. Beware of in- efficient incom- plete Apparatus, which will not last all night. Full particulars and Prices of every sized Ap paratus, an> numerous Testi- monials for the last five seasons, showing enorm- ous success, post- free on applica- tion. BEST CONSTRUCTED and CHEAPEST Greenhouses, Forcing houses, Pits, Frames, Plant Protectors, Potting ShedB, Tool-houses, &c. illustrated Priced Catalogue post- free from COMPTON & FAWKES CHELM SFORD, CIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3s.; three for 2s. | *-J Twelve Cart* Portraits, 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. EiKht- mch Enlargement, 3s.; three tor 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and iu about ten days you will rccei.e Highly-finished Copies wirh Original. FRANCIS and CO . .'• I. , Igafe Hill, Lo'rjn'bn; E.C. BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ta ^r3- VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTING, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for B0ULTRY FEEDING. GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO.. Limited, GAERATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS WANTED AGENTS WANTED. TRY THE NEW "TENNIS" LAWN MOWER. A beautifully designed, well constructed, and almost noise- less Machine. Durable, easy to work, and eminently suitable for the Tennis Ground, and also for Ornamental Gardening. Gearing is encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are unbreakable. FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd., Patentees and Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria," "Climax," "Manchester," and Roval Anglo-American Lawn Mowers. 75,000 sold since 1S69. Price LISTS on applic \\ GORTON, MANCHESTER. J^jJ13 To be obtained from all respectable Ironmongers and Seedsmen throughout the Kingdom, or, if any difficulty is experienced, direct from the Manufactory. Ask your Sundriesman or Ironmonger for A P RIL-SflOWER WATERING-POTS, a*- Curtis's Patent, or obtain them direct from Patentee. For Damping Down, Sprinkling, &c., the^e Pots cannot be equalled. Catalogues post-free on application. \V. CURTIS, Arcade, Ipswich. HELLIWELL'S PATENT IMPERISHABLE CLAZING WITHOUT PUTTY, FOR GREENHOUSES and all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. YARDS, RAILWAY STATIONS, and every description of ROOF COVERING. Saves all Painting and Puttying and Breakage, and is absolutely Watertight and Free from Drip, No more expensive at first cost. All Houses can be taken to pieces and re-erected. References given to works in all parts of the country of many years' standing. Designs and Estimates Free, ami Measurements taken Free of Cost. Testimonials. "Shirburn Castle. .l.uuiary 5, 1890, " Sir,— As you requested my opinion of the houses which pou erected for me some 4 years ago, I beg to inform you that Lcon- jider them a perfect success, and I have recommended them to manyof my neighbours. —Yours truly (signed) Ma'CI.km li i.i .' "Hornby Castle, Lancaster, February, 1890. "Major Foster has mach pleasure in stating that the vineries and forcing houses which were erected by Mr. Helli- well in 1884. continue to give perfect satisfaction/both to him- self and his gardener." "Estate Office, Ripley. Yorkshire, January 23, 1890. " Sir Henry Ingilby has much pleasure in stating that the glazing work executed by you, under your patented system. ;it the Ripley Castle Gardens, has been in every respect entirely satisfactory. The work has stood its 8 \ ears' wear ami tear ex- tremely well, and has hitherto cost nothing to keep it in repair." HELLIWELL, 9, Victoria Street, Westminster. PARISJAIULINDS. 3S*=¥^M3^SV MADE of WOOD and ZINC ONLY. AWARDED 40 PRIZE MEDALS.' W. RICHARDSON & C0.,HorBffi?Wta" May 10, 1890.] THE GAR D EXE US' CHROXICLE. 595 HEATING ! HEATING !! HEATING !!! THE THAMES BANK IRON COMPANY, Undertake the complete erection of HEATING APPARATUS for GREENHOUSES, OFFICES, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, &c. largest stock of BOILERS, PIPES, and CONNECTIONS in the Trade to select from, and invite inspection of same. Have the BOILERS o£ the la PATENT HORIZONTAL TUBULAR, with WATER BARS ; CAST-IRON SADDLE, with WATERWAY- END, Etc.; VENTILATINC CEAR aho VALVES. vherel>\ In the event of a Pipe requiring to be replaced in the Patent Horizontal Tubular Boiler, an arrangement has been perfected without the necessity of disturbing the brickwork setting. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, Is. PRICE LIST FREE. UPPER GROUND STREET. BLACKFRIARS, LONDON Telegraphic Address-" HOT- WATER, London." Telephone, No. 4763. y be effected in the course of a few minutes, S.E HIGHLY CONCENTRATED-MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. Foruae En the Conservatory. Greenhouse, and Vinery ; Flower and Kitchen Garden, the Hop-yard, and the Orchard. Invented. the most tender foliaged plants. I can confidently recom- mend it to any One." From Mr. (». Willbrs, Nurseryman and Florist, Tramp- Engton Kou■- — •• I [found your Insecticide all I could desire after a good trial ; PRICES Can ;e Paid to ■■•■ kddress:— 1 pint, l«.6d Quotations ror i DEIGHTON & CO. (Operative Chemists) TRADE MARK. CUPROLENE THE INFALLIBLE Weed Killer. PRICES, Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station on 4 gallons and over :— 1 I . as, suffici' nl foi 1 »> gall n ' i £0 6 6 8 .. .. 200 ., 0 12 0 16 .. .. 400 12 0 40 .. .. 1 2 7 6 1 gal. Sample Tin, tin free, 2>-i 2 gala , tin free, 3s. 6-'. ' r on amounts of £i and upwards. To Ireland, Bole Ii ■ i rietore, DEIGHTOH & CO.... BRIDCHOBTH. mm ■m; wmmm MESSENGER & CO.'S New CATALOGUE of Greenhouses and Heating Apparatus, Just issued, will be found ii, practical, and reliable guide to all about to build, alter, or heat Gi n istration. of every description ol Glasshouse, from the largest range S Winter Gardens to the simplest forme ol Port ibli ct. .1,1 1. ■.. — . i'i.,i,t i't.ii.', t..r- im.i i; ir.i.-n Kram-i; .iKo ,,i id of Boilers, Hot-water Pi] , and allappll heating I . . ,.t d] thi latest impro i n nl i g ho i ■ bull I og i I maact 1. It should ry one inter, -t l -i >• n !-nmg, as it contains many practical binteontl rjecta of which it treats, the result ol r experience. Price 2a. post-free. A Inru mber of the illustrations are taken from Dhi ises erected by us in various parts of the co peel ii ■ 'i refore, buildings the effi y of which has been well i< -i. -.1 h\ n-tu.il n- Ti..- i.i. mi.uf i-. , .,,,!! , , ait work wi i and in the very beel .■- which defy competition. Surveys lanyj urt of the country. Plans and Efttima] ! ttion, MESSENGER & COMPANY, LOUGHBOROUGH. SHANKS'S^LAWN mower THE ORIGINAL LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE-EDGED SOLE PLATE, Enabling the Cutting Parts to last twice as in other Machines. These Machines are strong and substantial, and very easily worked. Xhey make the Laws like velvet, and are not liable to get out of order. liiI.USTRA.TED CXROULAltS, with full pur- Liculara of M.-u-him-s ifrou. L'.Vt.'i, for Hand, Pony, and Horse- power, Ben( free on application. NEW LIGHT MACHINE. WILL MOW VERGES ROUND FLOWER BEDS, &c. VICKY BASS TO Wi'KK. it,,,- ind Partioulars on appUoation, GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. ALEX. SHANKS & SON, Dens Ironworks, Arbroath, And 110, Cannon Street, London, EC. t Large Stoos of all size, of Machine alwa; kept In London, where Bepairs are also executed bj i ipei I workmen, i.,> don Address for Repairs 0, Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. ORCHID BASKETS, RAFTS, BOATS, AND CYLINDERS, A N D a i. L G a RDEN SU N hi: i ES. -i .,, i PRICE LIST from the Largest Manufacturer in the Trade, H. G. SMYTH, 2 1, GOLDSMITH STREET, DRURY LANE. W.C. H Y. VAN & CO., 25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E. PROTECTION lor PRi'l I and I LOW BBS. GARDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, \\ 4 7 6 6 feet „ 5 feet „ FREE. 3 10 0 12 feet „ 5 feet „ 1 J 5 17 6 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Middleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. H. Skelton, Seedsman, &c, 2, Hollow a v Road, N. JAS. BOYD & SONS, PAISLEY. HORTICULTURAL STRUCTURES of every description, in either Wood or Iron, or both combined. Wooden Chapels, Shooting Lodges, Tennis Courts, Cottages, &c. Hot - water Apparatus Buildings of every description. Illustrated Circulars Post-free. Complete Catalogue, 3s. AMES SEN BALL and CO. HORTICULTURAL BUILDERS, CAMBRIDGE. MELON and CUCUMBER FRAMES. The illustration shows our handy 8 by 5 feet size. These Frames are made of the best red wood deal, well seasoned, with our improved corners. The Lights are 2 inches thick, with a strong iron cross bar, and handle, gla/ed with 21-oz. English glass, painted :> times, stocked in the following useful sizes:— 2-Light Frame, 6 by 4 feet ... £2 0 0 2 „ „ 8 by 5 feet ... 2 15 0 2 ,, ,, 8 by 6 feet ... 3 0 0 3 „ ,, 12 by 6 feet ... 4 4 0 4 „ ., 16 by 6 feet ... 5 7 6 Carriage Paid to anv Railway Station in England and Wales, to Dublin and other ports. GARDEN FRAMES of all kinds, with the latest improvements. Lists on application. 21-OZ. and 1B-02. Foreign, of above sizes, in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers'sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE A SONS. Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merc&ants, 84, St. John Street, West Smithfleld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. a NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. >j HAS AN OPEN" STEEL ROLLER. A man can work a 2\-inch machine with- out assistance. The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating height of cut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do fine work, besides adapting it for verge cutting. There is no easier working, no better finished, no stronger, ^ To be obtained through all the leading Ironmon- gers and Seedsmen, or _ its 234- inch LAsy* from the Sole Licensees, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 86, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. HILL & SMITH, BRIERLEY HILL, NEAR DUDLEY, AMD AT 118, QUEEN VICTORIA STREET, LONDON, E.C. IRON FENCING, HURDLES, GATES, &c. IRON ROOFING AND HAY BARNS. n Fencing, .de, and practical ical Fences to put Illustrated Catalogues Free by Post. mmmmmws PROTECT YOUR CARDENS. NETTING supplied by G. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for Is., is oiled and dressed ; will not rot if kept out in all weathers ; sent any width. Carriage paid on all orders over 5s. Can be sent on approval. Commoner Netting at 60 sauare yards for Is. Hundreds of testimonials. GEO. ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, RYE, SUSSEX. Established 200 years. May 10, 1890.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 597 THE CARDENERS' CHRONICLE Scale of Charges for Advertising. Head Line charged as two. 4 Lines . . £0 3 0 I 15 Lines . . £0 8 6 5 „ .. 0 3 6 16 „ ..0 9 0 6 ., .. 0 4 0 17 „ ..0 9 6 7 „ .. 0 4 6 18 „ .. 0 10 0 8 „ .. 0 5 0 19 „ .. 0 10 6 9 ,. .. 0 5 6 20 „ .. 0 11 0 10 „ .. 0 6 0 21 „ .. Oil 6 U » .. 0 6 <; 22 „ .. 0 12 0 12 „ .. 0 7 0 23 „ .. 0 12 6 13 „ .. 0 7 6 24 „ .. 0 13 0 14 ,, .. 0 8 0 25 „ .. 0 13 6 AND SIXPENCE FOR EVERY ADDITIONAL LINE. If 9et across two Columns, the lowest charge will be 20s. If set across three Columns the lowest charge will be 30s. Page, £S; Half Page, tU 10s. ; Column, £3. aardeners and others Wanting Situations. 26 words, including name and address. Is. 6 1 v . ■ r 1 is, mentsund Subscrip- tions may beaent. A Specimen Oop; post-free fur lOo*. (stamps). ESTATE SALES. Ifadium for Advertising Sales of Est,,t,,. n THE " WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The r.'M<)in^ County Paper, Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes In Worcestershire ami adjoining Advertisers, would do well to forward for reference and distribution plant and particulars of Estates, Catalogues ot Machinery, Furniture, Hook-, and other Property advertised in the Columns o( the ■■ HERALD." Sales of St^ck and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ for giving publicity '" announoefflenta of this class, ir It i he leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates mo-st extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire, Farms to Let. Land Ag.-nN, Estate managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in Hie "WORCESTER HERALD," the Lending County I'up.-r. Specially tutjipted for bringing such notices befure Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing result* the " WORCESTER HERALD" La recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. pply fur term* ml EC I 1/ i: \ rn EE. Published Friday for Saturday. 2d. Offices : — 72, HIGH STREET. WORCESTER. New Edition, corrected up to date. TEE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. By the late Sir JOBHPB PAXTOB, M 1'. Beprinted from tin- Gardeners' Chronicle, Price id, ; post-free o\d. Twenty-five eopies, 5s.; 50, 10s.; 100. 20s. Parcels of not less than ^delivered carriage free in London only. Not less than 100 carriage paid to any part of Great Britain. W. RICHAKDS, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, London, W.C. Belgian. BULLETIN d'AKBORICULTURE, . de FLORICULTURE, et de CULTURE MAKAI- CHERE. A monthly horticultural work, with sup. -rl. Coloured Hates and Illustrations. Published since 1KB.,, by F. BllKVK- NICH, F, PAYNAERT, E. RODIOAS, and H. J. VAN HULLK, Professors at the Horticultural School of the Belgian Govern- ment at Ghent . Post-paid, 10s. per annum. H. J. VAN HULLK, Botanical Gardens, Ghent, Belgium. A Revised and Enlarged Cheap Edition. NOW READY. VINES AND VINE CULTURE: THE BEST BOOK ON GRAPES EVER PUBLISHED, ARCHIBALD F. BARRON, superixten'dent of the royal horticultural society's Gardens, Secretary of the Fruit Committee. &c. Chapte XII. XIII. XIV. XV. XVI. XVII. xvm. XIX. XX. XXI. XXII. XXIII. XXIV. XXV. XXVI. XXVII. Plates I.- CONTENTS. . Historical Sketch. . Propagation of the Vine. . Hybridising and Raising Vines from Seed. Vine Borders : their formation, soils, &c. Structures for Grape Growing. Heating of Vineries. Planting Vines : when and how to do it. , The General Management of Viuerie9. Pruning and Training the Vine. Disbudding and Stopping ttie Shoots. Setting the Fruit. Thinning the Fruit. Keeping the Fruit. Packing Grapes. Pot Culture of Vines. Fruiting Vines in Pots. Pot Vines as Decorative Table Plants. Ground Vineries. The Great Grape Conservatory at Chiswick. Vines on Open Walls. Commercial Grape Culture. Diseases and other Injuries. Noxious Insects, Selections of Grapes for Special Purposes. The Classification of Grajie Vines. The Varieties of European Grapes. The Varieties of American Grapes. XXX. : Illustrations of the best kinds of Gropes. 'JOURNAL of HORTICULTURE" OFFICE, ITl, FLEET STREET, LONDON, E.C. Demy 8vo, Handsomely Bound In Cloth. Price 5a. ; Post-free, 5s. 6d. Partnership. SLEEPING PARTNER WANTED, to invest O about r35O0 in a well-established Florist'* ami Nursery- man's Bualneu, fur further development, Refer es given and required. Iddreas, In Brat instance, WILLIAM PAUL, Estate Agent, Southampton. \Y dm, \NTED, as WORKING MANAGER, under mass, an energetic practical Man, with thorough ledge of General Florist and .Market Business. Good races essential as to character and ability.— B. C, Gar- s' Chronicle Office, 41. Wellington Street, Strand, W.Q. Borough of Sunderland. Head Gardener. W\ NTED, by the Corporation of Sunderland, a thoroughly seieutilir and practical Man. as HEAD GARDENER, to take entire charge of the Public Parks in the Town, which are uliout 45 acres in extent, ami include large tory or Winter Garden, and other (rlasehouses. Salary jjim per annum, with an allowance of lo.s. per week for house, coals, gas, 8k. Applications, in applicants own handwriting, stating experience, age. number of family (if any), and mime mid address of last or present employer (us the case maybe), together with three testimonials nf recent, date, inn I be f.iruur.b-d lo the TOWN I'LEIIK'S I IFKII'E, S3, l.iuc.tt Street, S lerland, not later than 12 noon, on Wednesduy, the 21st Inst., endorsed, " Head Gardener." By order, FRAS. M. BOWEY, Town Clerk. Sunderland, May 7. 1890. ANTED, a WORKING BAILIFF and BEAD GARDENER at the City of Loudon Lunatic Asylum, near Dartford, Kent. Age between .10 and 40. He would have to organise the Labour of the Patients vinder Attendants, and must understand thoroughly Kitchen tbir denlng and the Management of Cows and 1'igs. Wages. ,10*. a week, with unfurnished quarters and vegetables. — Apply to the MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENT. WANTED, a GARDENER, for the North of England, must be very energetic, and possess a thorough practical knowledge of growing Plants for Cut Blooms, Grapes, Tomatos, &c, for Market. Inferences must iV iin-'xt rptiutiiiMe.— state age, wages, ate, W. R., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, beginning of July, FOREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER, must have had good wound pnict mil I'xjirri.'m'e, energetic and trustworthy. N.R.- • Ni.ii.- need apply who are not thoroughly expert in Early and Late Forcing, and the production of Plants and Out Flowers in birgc 1 1 1 » ; n 1 1 i t i « -« for general Retail Trade; also good PROPA- OATOR and GROWER of the following: Aspidistras, Arau- caria excel a, Boavardias, Cyclamen, Genistas, Ferns, Eucharis, Gardenias, Palms, Redding Plants, Primulas double and ningle. Store Plants, and with a knowledge of Orchids; also state if used to Wreath, Cross, and Rompiet Work, Character as well as experience to bear strict investigation. — Apply, stating age, if married, and full particn'ars, to FLORIST, Mf.ssrn. Nutting St. Sons, Seedsmen, lutS, South wurkStreet, LjiuIou.K.C. 598 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 10, 1890. WANTED, a GARDENER to go abroad. Accustomed to the Cultivation of Palms for the Market, An energetic man about 30 ; total abstainer, and married. £100 per annum, and house free.— M. C. L., W. H. Smith & Sons, Union Street, Birmingham. ANTED, PROPAGATOR and GROWER of Plants and Cut Flowers for Market. A middle- aeed and married man preferred. Must be experienced.— S. HAKVEY, Blythe Street Nursery, Nottingham. ANTED, AT ONCE, a JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, where Cut Stuff is grown. Able to take charge of Fern, StephanolK Gardenias, and few Orchids, Wages 21s. to start. No bothy. Pernancy if suitable,— YV 1 1 A RTOX and CO.. Frnmneld, Sussex. WANTED, a young active married MAN, to take charge of several Greenhouses, one having good knowledge of Growing Bedding and Window Plants for Market, also Cucumbers and Tomatos. Wages, £\ per week, with 4-roomed cottage on the place. Permanent.— T. TIDBALL, Luxboro' Gardens, Chiewell. WANTED, a strong, active Man, about 30, to act as SECOND, where two or three others are kept. He must be a througblv competent Gardener both Inside and Out. have a full knowledge of Stove. Greenhouse, and Her- baceous Plants, and be expert in the use of the Spade, Hoe, and Mowing-machine. His chief work in the Summer will be to keep in thoroughly neat order a Flower Garden and Lawn of 2 Acres. Wages, 18s. a week.— T. ARNALL, Headington Hill. Oxford. ANTED, a Single MAN, for a Small Nursery of Twelve Houses, who can Grow good Salable Plants, Ferns, Pelargoniums, Primulas, Bedding Stuff, &e. ; also Stuff for Cut Flowers, which is wanted all the year round. Must have had good experience and be well recom- mended. One from Market Nursery preferred.— A. ELLIS, Nurseryman. Cardiff. w Lancashi] ANTED, a young MAN, well up in Market WANTED, young MEN, used to Fruit Growing under Glass. Wages, 20s. per week. Must be good Grape Thinners.— FOREMAN, Turuford Hall Nurseries, Turnford, Herts. \X7 ANTED IMMEDIATELY, as SECOND. V » Must be well recommended.— F. WATT, Stowlang- < ..It Hall, Bury St. Edmunds. Suffolk. ANTED, AT ONCE, as SECOND MAN, for Hardy Herbaceous Department, a steady and experienced Cultivator. Wages, 21s. per week to commence with. Send full particulars of qualifications, length of service, and position in last two situations, addressed P.'BARR, Long Ditton, Surrey. WANTED, a respectable married MAN, no family, as Kitchen and Flower Garden Hand. Cottage free, where wife has to look after two single men. Wage*. 16s,— A. WOODHAMS, The Gardens, Copt Hall, Mill Hill, N.W. ANTED, a young MAN, about 20, of good character, accustomed to Roses, chiefly Indoor. — State all particulars to JOSEPH LOWE, The Nurseries, Uxbridge, Middlesex WANTED, for the Houses, an active, per severing young MAN. One that has had rience iu the general routine of the Houses, and wisning to Improve. Wages, 13s., and Bothy.— Mr. COOK, Comptou Bassett, Calne. WANTED, a trustworthy experienced MAN, capable of undertaking Grafting, Budding, and Culti- vation of a Large f\t;ite in Natal.— Apply with references, &c, to E. WI LSON SERPELL, Seed and Bulb Merchant, Plymouth. WANTED, for Nursery Garden- Work, young MAN, competent Grower of Mushrooms, Cucumbers, Tomatos. Not afraid of work. If unmarried, could sleep in house.— Apply, by letter, E., Point Pleasant Nursery, Wands- worth. pe- w ANTED, an IMPROVER, in the Houses, for Cut Flowers, and General Plant Growing. Wages at 13s.— GRAHAM, the Newmarket Nursery, rket. WANTED, TWO MEN, quick at Potting and Tying. Market Nursery. Wages 20s.— MALLER, Bexley Heath, Kent, WANTED, a young MAN, used to Potting and Tying.— Mr. ORPWOOD, Florist, Tangley Park, Hampton, Middlesex. ANTED, an APPRENTICE, Indoors and Out. Wages, 10s., 12s., and 14s. per week. Must be able to take part in a church choir.— W. M. G., Thrumpton, Derby. WANTED, TWO smart LADS, with a know- ledge of Watering and Tying. State wages required. — H. BEN N KIT. Pedigree Ko-.- Nur--i -y. Shepperton, Middlesex. WANTED, a SHORTHAND CLERK mu-.t be a good Penman, with a thorough knowledge of Shorthand.— S. S. C., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, a BOOK-KEEPER, for a Nursery in the Country. Must be single, and well up in Book-keeping and corresponding. Only such who have good knowledge as above, and have been employed in nur- series before, need apply, with full particulars, stating age and wages reuuired.— FLORIST, Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. GARDENING APPOINTMENTS. Mb. W. Kirkland, late Gardener to J. M. Bird, Esq., Downham, Norfolk, as Gardener to Mrs. J. Keates, Rownham House, Southampton. Mr. W. D. Kidd, formerly Gardener at the Metropolitan District Asylum, Fulham, and of the Hoyal Gardens, Kew, as Head Gardener to Dr. Kf.steyf.n, Boxhurst, Boxhill, Dorking. Mr, John Ellioott, for the past eight years Head Gardener to H. W. Tag well, Esq., Crowe Hall, Bath, as Gardener to .1. F. G. Kannatyne, Esq., Summerville, Limerick, Ireland. Mr. Thomas Copper, Pleasure-ground Fore- man at Thoresby Park, as Gardener to Sir Joseph Crosland, Royd's Wood, Huddersfield. Mr. C. Beck, formerly of the Royal Gardens, Windsor, as Head Gardener to R. Raikes, Esq., Harpsden Court, Henley-on-Thames, Oxon. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed ''Paste Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. NOTICE TO ADVERTISERS.— In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they ivish repeated, POSTAL ORDERS.— To Advertisers, Subscribers, and Others.— It is very important in remitting by Postal Order that it should be filled in payable at No. 42, DRURY LANE, to W. RICHARDS, as, unless the number of a Postal Order is known, and it has been mate payable at a particular o/fice, ami to a particular person, it is impossible to prevent any person into whose hands it may fall from negotiating it. N.B.— The best and safest means of Remitting is by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER. BS. WILLIAMS and SON beg to intimate • that they have at present in their Nursery and upon their Register some excellent Men, competent either to fill the situation of HEAD GARDENER, BAILIFF, FOREMAN, or JOURNEYMAN. Ladies and Gentlemen requiring any of the above will please send full particulars, when the best selections for the different capacities will be made. — Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, N. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs. Foresters, &c. DI C K S 0 N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—'" DICKS ONS, Chester." ICHARD SMITH and CCX beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c. — St. Johns Nurseries, Worcester. rPHE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL -i- CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, Liverpool, are in a position to recommend a erst-rate man as HEAD GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF; also a thoroughly competent, man as HEAD GAR- DENER, who has a good knowledge of Orchids; unexceptional references in each case. ARDENER (Head). — Thoroughly under- btanda Gardening in every branch — Glass, Kitchen Garden, and Pleasure Grounds. First-class references.— Q., Mrs. Perkins, 40, Paxton Road. Chiswick. GARDENER (Head); married, no family. — A Lady wishes to recommend her late husband's Head Gardener. Trustworthy and competent in all branches. — J. MOORE, Holyport, Maidenhead. ARDENER (Head).— Experienced in Or- chids, Ssove Plants, Forcing Fruits, Flowers, and Vege- tables. Excellent Grower. Awarded 100 Certificates, which can be seen.— GARDENER, Ive House, Balham Hill, Clapham Common, S.W. ARDENER (Head), where two or three others are kept. — Age 28, married when suited ; twelve years' experience. Abstainer. — A. BIRCH, Grenehurst Gardens, Capel, Dorking, Surrey. GARDENER (Head), where three or four are kept; age 29, single at present. — Mr. C. GlBSON.Morden Park Gardens, near Mitcham, will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, G. Cook, as above. He has been here live and a half years, and is a reliable and industriou man. ARDENER (Head); age 30.— Mr. Lowry, Head Gardener to Sir Humphrey de Trafford, Bart. Trafford Park, Manchester, wishes to recommend his Foreman James Adshead, as above. Previous experience gained a Worsley Hull, Manchester; and Haigh Hall, Wigan, Lancashire GARDENER (Head). — Very highly recommended by Lady, and the Trustees of his Late Employer. He has had very extensive and practical experi- ence, and is acknowledged to be a good Gardener. — J. McNICOL, North Mymms Park, near Hatfield, Herts. GARDENER (Head); age 30. —J. Chandler, Gardener to J P. Kidston, Esq., Nyn Park, Potter's Bar, wo iid like to recommend a competent man in all branches as above to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of such.— Please address as above. p ARDENER (Head) ; married. — Seeks Vj re-engagement with Nobleman, Lady, or Gentleman. Thoroughly practical in all branches of good establishment. First-class testimonials and references.— THOS. H. SUTTON, Queen's Street, Westfields, Retford. ARDENER (Head), to any Lady or Gentle- man ; age 3*5. married.— Mr. Cakeisread, Rayners Penn, Bucks, can recommend a man as above. Five and a half years' good character from last employer. Thoroughly prac- tical in every branch of his profession. (i GARDENER (Head) ; married, no family.— M. Reed is now open to treat with aoy Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly energetic, trustworthy, and practical man. Thirty years' first-class experience in Large Establishments. Land and Stock if required. Excellent character. — Jordan's Cottage, Bexley. ARDENER (Head) ; age 30, married.— C. Honess will be pleased to recommend his Foreman, W. Woodward, as above in a medium-sized Est iblishment, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent, trustworthy man. — The Gardens, Cobham Park, Cobham, Surrey. ARDENER (Head).— Age 31; sixteen years' practical experience in all branches at six Noble- men's Establishments, including Enville, broeklesby Park, Oteley Park, &c. Seven years as Foreman. Highest testi- monials from past and present situations.— A. PIPER, Bictou Gardens, Budleigh Salterton, Devon. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 33, married; has had good experience in all its branches. Good testimonials, with seven years* character in present place.— G. N., 20. Convent Gardens, Notting Hill, \V. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 30, Millie; sixteen vears' practical expedience in all depart- im-nU. Highly n.conmi-n.le.i.-W. 11 UiUI.S'ci, 6la, Kings Koa.l, Chelsea. S.W. ARDENER (Head Working).— Age 37, single; thorough experience in all bram-hrs of Gar- dening. Highest references as to character and abilities.— F. BUTT, Grove Cottage, Balderton, Newai k-i.n- Trent. ARDENER (Head Working), where three or four are kept. — Age 30; fifteen years' experience; five years as Head. Can be well recommended.— C. BRANT, Honington Hall, Grantham. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, no family; thoroughly practical in all branches; six years in last place. Good personal character. — T. R., 6. Bast Park Cottages, Crawley, Sussex. ARDENER (Head Working),— Thoroughly understands his duties; also Land and Stock. Seven and a half years with a Nobleman in Gloucester- shire. Well recommended.— A. RAWLE, 1, Coombe Park, St. Mary Church, Torquay. GA I M >ENriR (Head Working).— W. Castle, late Foreman to H. Goscheu, Esq., wishes to engage with Lady or Gentleman requiring thorough all-round man. Eleven year.-*' experience and references. — Address, 27, Cree- land Grove, Cat ford, S.E. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one daughter (age 14). Sixteen years in present place, with five under. Good character. Leaving through gentle- man quitting the neighbourhood.— JAMES TICKELL, Mells Rectory, Frome, Somerset. GARDE N ER (Head Working). — Under- Stands Growing Pines, Grapes, Peaches, Melons, Cucum- bers, Tomatos, Orchids, Fun- foliage, and all kinds of Flowering Plants, Kitchen and Flower Gardens, Lawns, &c— J. B., 15, Stanley Terrace, Mill Lane, Brixton Hill, S.W. G< ARDENER (Head Working), where one r or more are kept.— Age 31, married, one child ; thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches, Melons, Cucumbers, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Sixteen years' experience. Good character. — A. S., 45, King's Road, Lower Caversham, near Reading. GA R D^E N E R (Head Working) ; age 3l, married.— A Gentleman wishes to recom- mend his late Head Working Gardener, who has left through establishment being broken up. Three ye rs' character. Kight«-fii wars' experience in all branches of Horticulture. — B. STRANGE, Wote Street, Basingstoke. ARDENER (Head Working); age 26, unmarried. — Experienced practical Gardener desires situation in country; thirteen years' fir^t class all-round expe- rience. Very successful with Orchids. Unexceptionable references for ability and trustworthiness.— GARDENER, The Limes, Woodberry Down, London, N. ARDENER (Head Working), age 27.— C. J. Salter, Gardener to T. B. Haywood, Esq., Wood- hatch Gardens. Reigate .Surrey, will be pleased to recommend his present Foreman, A. Dodd, who has been with him twelve months, also six years Foreman under the late Mr. J. Ridout, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thorough practical and reliable man. Mat 10, 1890.] THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. 599 (~> ARDENER. — Six vears' experience with VT Messrs. Harkness & Sons, Bedale. Good Budder.— A. B.. Mr. Vasey's, Bookseller, Bedale. GARDENER, where one or two more are kept ; age 26. — Mr. Parker, Moreton Court Gardens, Hereford, would be pleased to recommend J. Harris, as above. G> ARDENER. — Age 24, single ; experienced T with In and Outside Work, good haul at Propagating; i n.it km in Market Nursery.— H. BREWER, 74, Cliou- mart Road, Ry&Lane, Peckham, S.E. GARDENER, where one or more assistants are kept. — Middle-aged, married, three children; long ami varied experience in all branches. Good testimonials. Moderate wages. — ARBOR. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand. W.C. GARDENER (Working), Single-handed, or with help. — Married, no family; understands Vines, Melons, Cucumbers, Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Gardens, (i.io'l character. Wife could Assist in House, or Attend Lodge Gate.— VINCENT, Yapton, Arundel, Sussex. \ \ ARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 26, vJ» single; good experience. First-class references. — A. E., 18, Prince's Plain, Bromley Common, Kent. GARDENER (Single-handed), or other- wise.— Well experienced in all kind* of Garden Work. Three years' good character, nine previous. — 1, St. George's Road, Forty Hill, Enfield, Middlesex. GARDENER (Single-handed). — Age 31, married, two children ; no objection to Cow or Ponv. Thirteen years' excellent character.— W. COLEMAN, 4. Bayle, Folkestone. Kent. ARDENER (Single-handed). — Af?»- 34, married, no family ; abstainer. Thoroughly practical. Good references.— J. F., 4, Rowland Grove, Wei T'pper Sydenham. GARDENER (Single-handed, or where help is given.— Married when suited; six years' good character. Leaving through death.— C. PAVEY, 37, Gruotby ii .rdens, Reading. GARDENER (Single-handed), or where help is given.— Age 29. single; Flowers, Fruit, and Kitchen Garden. Three years' good character, 0. P., i. Car- lisle Place, New Southgat.-. N. f\ ARDENER (Single-handed).— Age 23 ; VJT understands Vines, Peaches, Helens, Cucumbers. &c. Nine years' experience inside and Out. Good refei 8. MELltOl'RNK. Winglield ['ark. p. : ARDENER (Second), or good Singlb- HANiiED.— Age 27. single; good experience in Large establishments in stove, Greenhouse. Kitchen and Flower Garden. Highest references.— ?F. H., Rose Cot( ige, Richmond Bos l. Wimbledon, Surrey. ARDENER (Second).— Age 21 ; eight years' experience, [aside and Oat. Eight yean' good r C.HORB9,94, Portland Road, South Norwood, 9 R, GARDENER (Second). — Eight years1 ex- piTii lie- , c in Ki- ■ i ■ previous employers fur being well up in gardening. — 11*2, Loveridge Road, Brondesbury. N.W. G^ ARDENER (Second), under Glass or In- T side and Out, — Age X\ ; twelvemonths good ■ four yearn previous.— W. GORBINGE. 21, Elloru Koa.l, Streatbam, S.W. ARDENER (Second). — Age 24 ; eight years' experience Id Vines, Peaches, Helone, Cucum- bei . I bos, Chr inthemuma, &c. Good recommen- dation from ].-t employer -a. TBOTT, -'. Chan i Barnard', Qreen, < i r..Lt Malvern, Worcestershire. GARDENER R(>\ ER, in the Floral, or Floral and •■, „S™ll. Department,— Age 21; highest references. — H. F. CHUMP, Kingsdon, Taunton. IMl'Rt>\ ER, in Oentleman's Garden."- -Age 10; JL strong, willing to learn. Four years' experience. Good character. — W. J. BUNN, The Park, Wretuam, Thetford, Norfolk. T MPROVER";" age 16.— Mr. Fleming, The J- Gardens, Riverdene, Cookham. Berks, can highly recom- mend a strong, active, willing Youth. Accustomed to Geuerul Garden Work. As above. rPO THE TRADE.— Thorough good all-round J- Foreman, Propagator, Grower, and Florist. Married. Many years' experience. Good references from leading Firms. FLORAL. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. rFO GARDENERS, &c— Wanted, a good J- single-handed place. Understands Vines, Melons Cucumbers, ami Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Age 117. married, no encumbrance. Five years' and eight months' character.— J. ELURIDGE..M, Porten Road, West Kensington. rrO NURSERYMEN. — Wanted by a young X man (age 21), situation in Outdoor Nursery, quick at Tying. Budding, and Grafting. Fight years in last situation. H. KNOTT, Hale, Farnham. Surrey? rp> GARDENERS.— Wanted, situation m good estahlishment, where three or four are kept, by u years in present situation.— T" NURSERYMEN and GENTLEMEN'S -1- GARDENERS.— Young man (a^e 22), disengaged in a fortnight, seeks employment in Nursery or Private Garden lOOrs), London or suburbs preferred.' Good references T. J„ 101, Moffat Road, Thornton Heath. Tn GENTLEMEN or MARKET GAR- X DENERS.— Young man (nge 18) seeks situution in Private Or M.irkel Gardens; two years' experience and character Bothy prepared.- W. WESTON, Steeple Aston. Oxford. TO GARDENERS. — Young man requires a situation under the Forem in in the Houses. Has a good general km.,- ledge „f Gardeniug.— B. 11., The Lodge, Black- stones, Rcdhill Common, Surrey. TO GARDENERS.— .Situation req ui reel" for X Son (nge 17). Strong, willing to Learn, and Well- educated. Terms.— THOS. SUTTON, Queen's street, West- fields, Retford. TOG ARDENERS.— A Solicitor's Son (age 1!)) X wishes to place himself where he can Learn Floral and I mil Gardening, and the Management of Hothouses. No ulijection lo . Mcderate Premium— Apply to S. COPLAND. Beilctield. Chelmsford. SHOPMAN. — Young, sharp, and experienced in Retail Seed and I'lanl Trade. -S.M A 1 1. AM) CO., S3, Lime Street, London, B.C. SHOPMAN, or ASSISTANT.— Age 24 ; eight and a half years' experience, London and Provincial. Good knowledge ol Seeds. Pliiiils. and Nursery Stuck. Good reference.— X , 7, Russell Mews, Russell Square, London, W.C. SHOPMAN, or Second. — Eleven years' ex- perience. Scotland ami Irelund. Practical knowledge of Seed and Nursery Trade. Bouk-keeping and Correspondence. Highest references.— J. L. S., Tofts, Tarbolton, N.B. SHOPMAN (Under), in Seed Shop.— Age 19 ; three years' experience.— G. GOSLING. Bartlett's Cot- tage, New Ruad. Baruet. TO FLORISTS and SEEDSMEN.— Wanted, X by a respectable Man, aged 21, a situation in Florist and Seed Shop. Experienced in all kinds of make-up work. — HARBY FARAGE, Florist, South Croydon, O" FLORISTS.— Wanted, a situation in a first-class Florist Business. Good Wreath, Bouquet, Cross, and Spray Maker. Six years in last situation.— C Hogg's, Queen Street, Cardiff. HOLLO WAY'S PILLS.— Teachings of Ex- periencd. — The united testimony of thousands, extending over more than fifty years, most strongly rvronimeiiils these Pills as the best, purifiers, the nrldest aperients, and the surest restoratives. They never prove delusive, or give merely tem- porary relief, but attack all ailments of the stomach, lungs, heart, head, and bowels in the only safe and legitimate way by cleansing the blood, and so eradicating those impurities which are the source and constituents of almost every disease. Their medicinal efficacy is wonderful in renovating enfeebled constitu- tions. Their action embracesall that is desirable in a household medicine. They remove every noxious and effete matter ; and fchua the strength is nurtured uud the energies stimulated. 600 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 10, 1890. Send for ILLUSTRATED LIST of JOHN BLAKE'S PATENT SELF-ACTING HYDRAULIC RAMS, For Raising Water for the Supply of Towns, Villages, Irrigation, Railway Stations, Mansions, Fountains, Farms, &c. No Cost for Motive Power, which is obtained from a Stream of Water passing through the Ram. NO OILING OR PACKING REQUIRED. MADE IN SIZES TO RAISE FROM 300 to 200,000 GALLONS PER DAY. WILL FORCE TO A HEIGHT OF 1500 Fekt. SPECIAL RAMS for HIGH FALLS to send up Two Gallons out of every Five Gallons passing through them. This View represents a Ram worked by impure river water, whilst pumping pure ■water from a well or spring, and forcing it to a small reservior on the hill, al an eleva- tion of 295 feet, and a distance of 1 mile, from which reservoir the water is gravitated for fire extinguishing and general requirements of mansion, stables, farm and village. This Ram works with absolutely no metal in motion. BLAKE'S HYDRAULIC RAMS have been supplied to the following amongst others :— His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught. His Highness the Maharajah of Kashmir. His Grace the Duke of Devonshire. His Grace the Duke of Westminster. His Grace the Duke of Cleveland. His Grace the Duke of Portland. His Grace the Duke of Sutherland. His Grace the Duke of Leeds. The Most Hon. the Marquess of Kipon. The Most Hon. the Marquess of Downshire. The Most Hon. the Marquess of Abergavenny. The Most Hon. the Marquess ot Londonderry. The Most Hon. the Marquess of Cholmondely. The Right Hon. the Earl of Derby. The Right Hon. the Earl of Devon. The Right Hon. the Earl of Gainsborough. The Right Hon. the Earl of Ilchester. The Right Hon. the Earl of Romnev. The Right Hon. the Earl of Granard. The Right Hon. the Earl Beauchamp. The Right Hon. the Earl of Caledon. The Rignt Hou. the Earl of Lichfield. The Right Hon. the Earl of Fevershani. The Right Hon. the Earl of Harewood. The Countess de Morella. Lady Henry Cholmondeley. The Dowager Ladv Williams Wynn. Lady Frankland. Thirkleby Park. The Right Hon. Lord Londesborough. The Right Hon. Lord Hothlield. The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Gal way. The Right Hon. Lord Le'Ontield. The Right Hon. Lord Ribblesdale. The Right Hon. Lord llatherton. The Right Hon. Lord Leigh. The Right Hon. Lord Raglan. The Right Hon. Lord Northbourne. The Right Htm. and Rev. Lord Searsdale. The Right Hon. Lord Brougham and Vaux. The Right Hon. Lord Schroder. The Right Hon Lord Macnaghten. The Right Hon. Lord Clifford of Chudleigh. The Right Hon. Lord Walsingham. The Right Hon. Lord Hindlip. The Right Hon. Lord Wantage. The Right Hon. Lord Hampton (Trustees of). The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Bridport. The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Clifden. Tin' Right lion. Lord Viscount Boyne. The Right Hon. T. Sotheron-Estcourt. The Right Hon. R. More OTerrall The Honourable Sir William Ventris Field. The Hon. George Kenyon. The Hon. A. C. G. Calthorpe. The Rev. Hon. E. T. St. John. Bletsoe, Bedford. Admiral Sir George Broke-Middleton. Sir Fredk. A. Milbank, Bart., M.P. Major-General Sir H. M. Havelock-Allan, Bart. Major-General Feilden. Witton Park, Blackburn. General Mackenzie, Foveran House. Aberdeen. General Gerard Potter Eaton. The Pole. Cheshire. Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart., Stourhead. Bath. Sir William Feilden. Bart., Femscowles. Sir Robert Menzies, Bart , of Menzies. Sir Humphrey De Trafford. Bart.. Trafford Park. Sir Michael Robert Shaw-Stewart, Bart. Sir Henry W. Ripley, Bart , Acacia, near Leeds. Sir Michael Arthur Bass, Bart., M.P. Sir W. C. Worsley, Bart., Hovingham Hall, Yorkshire. Sir Kenneth Smith Mackenzie. Bart. Sir William Eden, Bart.. Windlestone, Ferry Hill. Sir Thomas C. C. Western, Bart., Tattingstone, Suffolk. Sir William Gordon Bart., Earlston. Sir John Shelley, Bart. Sir Julian Goldsmid, Bart. Sir Edward Hates, Bart. Sir Edmund Buckley, Bart. Sir A. Woodiwiss, The Pastures, Derby. Sir E. W. Blackett, Bart. Sir H. A. Clavering, Bart,, Axwell Park. Colonel Starkie, Lovely Hall. Blackburn. Colonel Milligan, Cauldwell Hail, Burton-on-Treat. Colonel Towneley, Towneley, Lincashire. Colonel Hargreaves. Maiden F.rleigh, Berkshire. Colonel Tremayne, M. P., Carclew, Cornwall. Lieut. -Colonel Loyd, Lillesden, Hawkhurst. Colonel Mittord, Mitford Castle. Northumberland. Colonel Leyland. Nantclwyd Hall, Ruthin. Colonel France- Hayhurst, Davenham Hall, Northwieh. Colonel R. R. Jackson. Lostock Kail. Lancashire. Colonel J. E. Foster, Sanson Seal, Berwick. Major J. F. Trist, Tristford, Totnes. .Major Hardmau. Rawt^n.tall, near Manchester, Mnjor Bird. Crookhey, Lancaster. Major J. R. H. Crauford. Craufurdland Castle. W. Bromley-Davenport, Esq., M.P.. Capesthorne, ch -shire. V. F. Bene'tt-Stanford. Esq., M.P., Pyt House. Wilts. C. F. H. Bolckow. Esq., M irton Hall, Middlesbrough. John Hick. Esq.. M.P., Mytton Hall. Lancashire. Hamer Bass, Esq., M.P.. Nesdwool Hall. Burtonon-Trent. Wentworth Blackett Beaumont, Esq., M.P. George Courtauld, Esq.. M.P., Halstead, Essex. Godfrey Hawksworth Wentworth, Esq , Wojlley, Wakefield. Captain Gandv. Skirsgill Park. Penrith. Captain Townshend, Wineham. Captain Bosanquet, Broom-y-Close, near Ross. Messrs. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Company. Henry Sandbach, Esq., Hafodunas, Abergele. JOHN BLAKE, hydraulic encineer, ACCRINGTON, LANCASHIRE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor; " Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher," at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent Garden. London. W.C. Printed by William Richards, at the i mice of Messrs. Bradbury, Auxew, & Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars, City of London, in the County of Middlesex, and published by the said William Richards, at the Office, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County.— SATURDAY, May It), 1890. Agent for Manchester— JoHS Hkywoop. Established No. 177.— Vol. VII. {*»»} SATUKDAY, MAY 17, 1890. Newspaper./ PRICE 3d. I PosivFrek, Qd. notes 610 Orchids at Clare Lawn ., 608 ! Passiflora cuerulea Con- stance Elliott 617 Pastures 608 Ro>-- season, the ap- proaching CONTENTS. Amelanchier vulgaris ... 619 Odontoglosaua Aucubas 620 anumx ... Berberia stonopbylla t}14, 61H Orchid houses Catasetum Bungerothi... ,, riileatum Cypriperiium Numax ... ,, intloresei.nce, two- flowered I>endrobium Venus X ... Discuses of plants Exochor.la grandillora ... Floral Fete, the 616 Forestry, a hool of ... 818 Kruit- under glass ... 615 Hardy Dowering shrubs... 616 Ins iberica paradozoides 818 Kitchen garden 815 Longford Castle 819 Magnolia stellata Malta, decorative flowers Nitrogen, the fixing of by plant* OleanaOunniana 613 Societies: — Crystal Palace... Ghent Royal Botanic ... Royal Horticultural Scottish Primula Spring tints Stom-leigh Abbey 818 Strawberries ... t 61 1 Trees Zenobia speciosa va 610 pulreruleota ... i I • Weather, the ... Illustrations. Amelaocbier rolgarls Berberisstenophyllux ds frrandiftora Magnolia stellata Olearia QuDniana I'm i id cerasus .., Zenobia speciosa 8U RO V A L A 0 U A It I 1 M , Well,. QBAND KAKI.Y SUMMER EXHIBITION. WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY. May L-l and 22 Valuable Cash Prise*. Schedules and all purl uulars of WILLIAM HOLMES. Frsmpton Hark Nurseries. Hackney, K. ROYAL BOTANICAL and H0RTIC1 I TUBAL SOCIETY ,,f MANCBESTEB. The QBAND HATIOKAI HORTICULTURAX EXHIBITION ofisii. will open "ii FBXDA1 the 23rd inst., at 8P.M. For Schedules. .V. , apply t<> the undersigned — BRUCE 1 IM'LAY. Botanic Hardens, Manchester, RLPLEY, mar Derby, ROSE SHOW, held SATURDAY, angoel 2. 1890. 36 Roses, tut bli -. distinct, open to all England. 1st prize, £5; -'ml, i.i; 3rd, £-' ; 4tli. VI. 84 Kits.--, i hi I, lis, ins, distinct, open to .EOLUM SPECIOSUM.— Hardy scarlet i- Climber, strong Plants established In pota. It. 3d. each, Us. per'dozan; free bv post or passenger train. HOWDEN AM. CO.. The Nurseries. Inverness. DAHLIAS.— 80,000 strong Plants in pots, all as hiding Show, Fancy, Pompone, l i-li with order. T. HOWARD, Cambridge Nursery, Wulihamstow, Essex. T" ORCHID < i I ;i i W E Its. — SPHAGNUM -L MOSS, iresb persacH Colla tedasordered. G. CABRADICE, Monument Place Kendal. Cauliflower Plants, over 10,000. J MONRO, Bulwer Road, New Baniet, has • i on rea.lv. a large quantity of SUTTON'S EARLY LONDON MARKET CAULIFLOWER PLANTS (ti al lj.6d. per 100. By the score or thousand on application. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, Nl'Ksi kymkv, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 388, Flower Market, ('..vent Harden, London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity (or their Commission Department. Boxes and Label's supplied Telegraphic Address— "commission, Sidcup." HOICE FLOWERS— CHOICE FRUIT.— Highest Market Prices guaranteed. Promptcash, M INKY RIDES, Coven! Garden, W.C. J\\ . ISAKMIA.M Receives on Commission, • QBAPB8, TOMATOS, and other CI • FBI ITS . i o FLOWERS, ILs per si attention securing bigheei Market tSalesdaily. and cheques at option. Baskets and labt t, Covent Garden. W.O. A US TO ROBERTS ta prepared to RECEIVE CHOICE FLOWERS fa Disposal si best prompt retain-, and H eekl . md Labels supplied. Itrand, i Ion, w x\ Quick Sale Boie Mattel Pr S.-l lb in. i.l Established 16 Years. ROUE UTS liUOS., W'lIOLKSALK FLOniSTS, 21. Catherine Street, Coreni Oarden, W.C, will be pleased to receive for Sule on Commission, Consignments of really Choice Cut FLOWERS, FRUIT, and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Bankers —London find County Bank. Telegraphic Address— "BOUVARDIA, London." WANTED, \1 ASDEV ALLIAS.— Brevis, flariola, Gustavii, Hinksianum, inequalls, macrcslac- l\la. musoosa, pasida, puchyura, striatella, tricolor, trig- b« Inn, lllb-MN ., illM.I irliva, Velutillll. XII lit b. ». lai'l V 111 . v\|sy choice PLEUROTHALLIS and RESTREPIAS. healthy plants, guaranteed. For any of above, send description and cash price to Mr. R. I. MEASURES, Cambridge Lode., Flod.len Road, Camberwell, S.E. WANTED, a few Dozen ADIANTUM CUNEATUM. large size, good heads for cutting. State si/e uf isjt-. with price, free on rui], for cash, to — CHARLES WHITING. Florist, Hereford. ANTED, Second-hand, NICHOLSON'S DICTIONARY of GARDENING, in the eight Divisions, bound. Full particulars and terms. II. M. COATES, Holmlefgh, Grasseudule, Liverpool. Sow In May. CUTTON'S IMPROVED DOUBLE V GERMAN WALLFLOWER.— A magnificent strain, including many beautiful colours which are not obtainable from ordiuary seed. Plants dwarf and robust in habit, throw- ing up large dense spikes of deliciously scented flowers. Very easy of cultivation. Six varieties, separate, 3s„ mixed, It. 6a. pet packet, post-free. SUTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON AifD SONS, The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. CUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands k-J to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McARTHUR, The London Nursery, 4, Maida Vale, London, W. FUCHSIAS, strong and well-rooted, in 50 best vars.. Double and Single, 8s. per 100. for cash. S. MORTIMER, Sxisa Nursery, Farnham, Surrey. POLYANTHUS (Rare), double dark (Rex Theodore), for Sale, 6s. per dozen. Stamped corre- spondence invited. Note address. Cash with order. T. S. GREIii, Sunnyside, Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. BEDDING PLANTS for SAI.E.- GrEBANIUMS, Scarlet, White. Crimson, and Pink, best sorts, ins. per UK); Silver-edge, Bronze, Crystal I'aluce Gem, Us. p.r ino. VERBENAS, 10j. per 1. hi HELIOTROPES, Ms. per Mo. FUCHSIAS, Ss. per 100. CALCEOLARIA, lis. per IO0 LOBEL1 \, best, 3s. per 100. AGERATUM, Dwarf Blue, Bt. per 100. Allgood strong plants. Terms, cash. T. UOX. Perry Street Nursery, tlravesend, Kent. BE( i( >M AS, extra choice, for bedding, Single, I . .'.%., and Off. per dozen ; Double, its. and I2s., very lb. ..per by the 100. For Pots from 6s. See thy • -I I \ I VI.OOI'E pilblislled, free. CALI I ' H, ARIAS, Oulden Gem. 5s. to 7s. per 100. LOBELIAS, 2s. 6rf. to is. «d. per 100. Both extra strong. B. R. DAVIS. Begonia Grower. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. DAHLIAS, White Pompon; Dahlias (iuiding SI ir. good strong plants, in Thumb, "s. 6K. I'l uki.ns has great pleasure in offering the above New Pelargoniums, being very distinct from any yet sent out, quite oew In colour, robust habits, and perpetual bloomers. Can be seen at my Nursery, or Flowers sent by post on appli- cation. Strong flowering plants now ready, 7-f.«*5. each. FREDK. PERKlNa, Nurseryman, Leamington. Suffli Eenl Telegraph Addreas.-^FRED. PERKINS, Leamington. |>! i;i;iS TKEMULA. \\Vli-Krown Market X Plants, in 48*0, 50s. per 100, cash. GEO POULTON, Fountain Nursery, Angel Road, Edmon- ton, London. CARNATIONS, Old Crimson Clove, strong plants, from open ground, 8*. per dozen, free for cash with order; also Goldtinder's Mate, a sport from the hardy yellow ground Gtoldfinder, with more colour, Os, per dozen, free for cash with order. Trade prices on application. W. H. MVERS, Ketton Hall, Stamford. CEAKALE, Strong Forcing, 8s. per 100 ; O seconds, 65. Strawberry Plants, in 60-pots, strong, Hs. per 100. Pyracantha Lalandi, 2% to 3 feet, in pota, VJs. per do/fii. All lir^l rat.-, packing free, for cash. W.FHOMOW and SONS, Sutton Court Nursery, Chiswick, W. THOMSON'S IMPROVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Manure is made only by us Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent-Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria lb.a.1 I'utn.-v WM. THOMSON ANH SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.lf. 602 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 17, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Watford, Leytonstoce, and Blackheath. SALES of BEDDING and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL bv AUCTION, as follows :- WATFORD, WEUN DAY, May 21, at 2 o'clock, at The Nurserv 41 Hi'li street, Watford, by order of Mr. G. P. Darby, 12,001) well-grown GREENHOUSE and BEDDING PLANTS. LEYTOKSTONF, SATURDAY, May 24, at 1 o'clock, at the American nurseries, close to Leytoii'tone Rail way Station. 20 000 BEDDING PLANTS, choice DECORATIVE PLANTS, PELARGONIUMS, &c. BLU'KHEATH, SATURDAY. Mav 24, at 2 o'clock, 40,000 BEDDING and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, by order of Mr. A. Garton, at The Nursery, St. John's Park Road, Blackheath. Catalogues may be had at the respective Nurseries, an 1 ,t the Auctioneers, 07 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., and Leytoustone. Beddington Hou3e, Croydon. The uell-known COLLECTION of EXHIBITION STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, FERNS, PALMS, and ORCHIDS, many of which have been so successfully shown, having taken numerous First>clas9 Prizes. By order of Canon Bridges. AfESSRS. I'ROTHEROE and MORRIS 1VJ- are favoured with instructions to SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises. Beddington House, Croydon, ten minutes' walk from Waddon Station. L. B. and S. C. Railway, on THURSDAY', Mav 22, at 1 o'clock precisely, without reserve, the whole of the well known Cull.-, turn of Specimen Exhibition STOVE and GRERNHOUSE PLANTS, including noble examples of Phormium tenax variegata, Microlepia levita crista, Phyllotieuium Lindeni, Carludovica Drudei. and spleudidly coloured Cretans, many of them exceptionally fine plants; large Anthuriums, magnificent Palms, including a grand exhib tion plant of Kentia llelinoreana, 8 tcet by 8 feet, and others; a choice Collection of Established ORCHIDS; Specimen FERNS, amongst them Davallia Figiensis plumosus, 5 feet through ; D. Mooreana, 6 feet through ; D. Figiensis, 5 feet through, and many others ; the whole fully described in Catalogue. May be viewed two days prior to Sale. Catalogues may be had of Mr. PENFOLD, the Gardener, on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, 67 aud 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Friday Next. The whole of the VALUABLE COLLECTION of ESTA- BLISHED ORCHIDS, by order of F. Briesemann, Esq.. of Paragon House, Blackheath, who is leaving England to reside abroad. Absolutely without reserve. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS are instructed to SELL by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 07 and 68, Cheapside. Loudon, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, May 23, at half-past 12 o'Cloek precisely, without reserve, the choice COLLECTION of well-grown ESTA- BLISHED ORCHIDS, including, amongst numerous fine Bpei ies, the following : — Vanda Sanderiana. 2 plants ,, tricolor Patersoni Cuttleya exoniensis crispa alba Triante alba Wagueii i anceps Dawsonii ,, Dormanniana Nunodes Medusa1, the grandest plant in the country, with over 50 growths Cypripedium Dauthieri And a general Lu-lh Cypripedium grande, 3 planl „ Euryandrum superbuni ,, selligerum majua ,, Ashburtonue ,, Warneri ,, Vfxillarium ,, Morganiae, 5 strong growths ,, .i-nauthum superbum „ Veitchi, Demidoffs vi riety, 2 plants ,. Io Oni Leeanum superbum Sotiralia macrantha nana ,, Zantholeuca Dendrobium nubile uobilius ortment of Cool, Intermediate, and Stove- house ORCHIDS, lorning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next— Dendrobium BensonlEe. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL bv AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, on FRIDAY NEXT, May 23, at half-past 12 o'Cloek, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co , a grand lot of imported plants, in the best possible condition, of DENDROBIUM BENSONLF), many specially fine pieces with large bulbs; D. Wardianum, best variety; D. Brymeri- auum, D. Dalhousianum, D. thyrsiilorum, &c. Also a few Established ORCHIDS, mostly in Flower and Bud, from a well-known collection. ng of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale, Friday, May 30. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS respectfully announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE Of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for whi-h they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE of ENTRIES AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Friday, June 6. Important to Orchid Fanciers and Others. The unique and singularly beautiful C< tLLECTK >N of Life-size WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS of ORCHJDS, by Durham, comprising 286 Drawings in 22 handsomely bound volunif?, formed by the late John Day, Esq., of Tottenham, and painted specially for him at great cost, the whole forming undoubtedly the most valuable Collection of Orchid Paintings extant. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS have heen favoured with instructions to SELL the ABOVE VALUABLE COLLECTION by AUCTION, at their Central Sal. Uiionis. lu ; . ■ > ■ I hs, (.'hi'aiiside, Loudon, E.G., on FRIDAY, 1 1, at 2 o'clock precisely, in one lot. M lj be \ic\\-'.| tl 11k* Auctioneers' otliees two days prior to i be or at any previous time by appointment. Descriptive Ca'alogues are now ready, and will be forwarded on application to the Auctioneers, 67 and 158, Cheapside, London, E.C. Priory Nursery, Acton Lane, Acton, W. To Nurserymen, Gentlemen, aDd Others. The First ANNUAL SALE of 12,000 Surplus Stock of PLANTS. MESSRS. W; EYDMANN and SON have received instructions from Mr. J. C. Jennings, the Proprietor, to SELL by PUBLIC AUCTION, on the above Premises, on THURSDAY, May 22, lsfiil. at 12 for 1 o'clock, the Surplus Stock of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS, consisting of Pelargoniums, Fuchsias, Marguerites, scarlet, white, double ivy-leaf aud rose-scented Geraniums, double white Primula, various Ferns. Azaleas, large Camellias. Tree Carnations, pot Roses, Eueharis, Agapanthus, Amyrilles, Liliums Ficus elastiea. I'icus repens, large Stephanotis, and various other Plants, &c. ; useful OAT CRUSHER, Seakale POTS, new GREENHOUSE BARS. May be viewed day previous, and morning of Sale. Cata- logues may be obtained on the Premises, and at the Auctioneers' Office, High Street, Acton. W. Aahford, Middlesex. FRUIT FARMS, MARKET GARDEN, and ACCOMMODA- TION LANDS, in Lots to suit Small Capitalists and Investors, the purchase-money being payable by instal- ments extending over nine years; 73 acres of important Freehold Land, having the extensive frontage of 2:i.i4 feet to the main road from Ashford to Feltham ; one mile distantonly from Ashford Station on the London aud South Western Railway, and 17 miles from London, thus being within easy reach of the metropolitan markets. The land is situate in a popular residential locality, and the nature of the soil renders it peculiarly adapted to the Cultivation of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables, an industry extensively carried on in this neighbourhood. The present Sale there- fore, affords an opportunity for Purchasing Small Free- holds in a proverbially healthy locality, and developing the combined advantages of residence with a lucrative, pleasant, aud refined occupation. With possession on completion of purchase. MESSRS. HUMBERT, SON and FLINT are instructed to SELL the above by AUCTION, at the Mart, Tokenhouse Yard, E.C, on WEDNESDAY, June 18, 1890, at 2 o'clock precisely, in numerous Lots. Full particulars may be had of Messrs. R. S. TAYLOR, SON AND HUMBERT, Solicitors, 4, Field Court, Gray's Inn. W.C. ; at the Mart, E.C; and of the Auctioneers, 11, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, W.C, and Watford, Herts. To Nurserymen, Gardeners, and Others. rPO BE SOLO, the Lease of a well-established X NURSERY. 11 Greenhouses, well-heated Pits, good Stabling, Sheds, &c, in all covering about 1 acre. First-class Jobbing Connection. With or without Florist Shop in main thoroughfare. Price £100. Apply on Premises, Waverley Nursery, Waverley Place, St. John's Wood, N.W. 17'OR SALE, a SMALL NURSERY, Freehold J. Premises and Good Will, capital Show House, and four other Span-roof Glasshouses; well stocked. Good Heating Apparatus, Potting Shed, Sec. All in good order. Rapidly increasing suburb. Price, Freehold complete, £100; or owner would let the same. Kent. £20. For full particulars, apply to T. BRADSHAW, Ravenswood Nursery, Ravensu i Road, llalbam, S.W. To Nurserymen and Florists, London, W. TO BE SOLD, a first-class NURSERY within 7 miles of Covent Garden, comprising about 1 acre of Land, with two Cottages and eight large Glasshouses thereon, all well stocked and heated with Hot water. Lease fifteen years. Terms moderate. Apply to W. E., 130. Percy Road, Shepherd's Bush, W. To Gardeners. FOR DISPOSAL, a good JOBBING BUSINESS, with three Greenhouses, full of Stock. A Small Sweet aud Tobicco Shop attached. H.. care of C. Fuller, Stationer, &c„ High Street, North Finchley. To Gardeners. FOR I HSPOS AL, a Small Jobbing BUSINESS, with Span-roof Greenhouse 36 feet long, Hotwater. Stocked with Bedding Plants. &c. AH Tools complete. By letter, first instance, to R. N., Hardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street. Strand, W.C. West of England. TO BE LET or SOLD, on exceptionally favourable terms, a very old-established general NUR- SERY BUSINESS, which has only changed hands three times dnring the last 150 years. Area about 28 acres, all in a ring- feuce, of which IS are Leasehold; numerous Glas^huiw*. Dwelling-house, Cottage Residence, Manager's House, La- bourer's Cottage, Stables, and all necessary Otliees. The Land is in a high state of cultivation, and there is a large assortment of General Nursery Stock, including an exten- sive collection of Fruit Trees. A Liase will be granted at a moderate rental, and the Vendors will be open to consider any rtasonable proposal with regard to the Stock. Fuller particulars may be had of Messrs. PROTHEROE AND MORRIS, Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. O BE LET or SOLD, a FREEHOLD NURSERY, 6 acres of Land, with House ; Seed Business combined, doing good trade; splendid supply of water. Capital investment. Particulars, apply, BRYANT, Nursery, Chippenham. rpO LET, a well-established NURSERY, J- about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine condition, situated near a large city. — Full particulars on application to A. B.. Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Welling- ton Street, Strand, W.C. PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Hohtictjl- turai, Market Garden and Estate Auctioneers and Valuers, 67 and 6S, Cheapside, London, E.C, and at Leyton- Btone, E. Monthly Horticultural Register had on application. ORCHI DS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received large importations of Orchids from Mexico, Brazil, India, and other countries. The Co. have also an immense stock of Established Oichids, all of which they offer at extremely reasonable prices. Catalogues, with full particulars, post-free, on application to the Co., The Vineyard and Nurseries. Garston, near Liverpool. OTICE to CREDITORS and DEBTORS — All parties having claims against the late Mr. WILLIAM LEARMONT, Nurseryman. Larchfield, Dumfries, are hereby required to lodge them with JAJUES H. McGO WAN, Solicitor, Dumfries, Agent for his Trustees and Executors, within 14 days, in order that arrangements may be made for payment ; and all parties indebted to Mr. Learmont are requested to make Payment of their Accounts to Mr.llc'GOWAN. The Business of NURSERYMAN «o long eairied on by Mr. LEARMONT will be continued as formerly in the name of his TRUSTEES for behoof of his Widow and Family under a suit- able Manager. Dumfries, May 5, 1890. pi IRDAU'C A GAY GREENHOUSE. Ivy- ULILJriHH O leaved Geraniums, beautiful sorts, 4s. per dozen; Double Geraniums, 4s., 6s, and 9i. per dozen ; Zonal and Nosegay, splendid sorts for blooming this summer, or for growing on to bloom next winter, 4s., 6s., and 9s. per dozen. Pelargoniums, show, fancy, or large-flowered, to bloom s-hortly, 9s. and 12s. per dozen. Bouvardias, small stuff for growing on, 4s. per dozen. Coleus, 12 sorts, 3s. Lantanus, 12 sorts, 2s. 6d. Tropieolunis, 6 sorts, 2s. 12 beautiful distinct Greenhouse Flowering Plants. 9s., 12s., and 18s. 6 lovely flowering Green- house Climbers, 6s. or 9s. Callu iethiopica, all sizes, 9rf., Is., and Is. Sd. each. 12 Succulents 4s. and 6s. See List, free. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. FORBES' CATALOGUE of™FLOniSTS' FLOWEP.S for 1890— (116 pages), Is the Largest, Best, Most Reliable, and Complete ever issued on Florists' Flowers. It gives accurate descriptions of thousands of varieties of Florists' Flowers that cannot be had elsewhere, besides a very full List giving Colour, Height, Month of Flowering, and Price of nearly One Thousand Perennials and Hardy Border Plants, with a mi-s of other useful information indispensable to all who would excel in the Cultivation of Flowers. This Catalogue forms a most useful aud convenient Reference Book on all sections of Florists' Flowers that should be in the hands of all who love a Garden. Free on application. JOHN FORBES. Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. Sterling Value. HARTLAND'S " APKIL QUEEN " BROCCOLI, sealed Packets, Is. 6d., for purity, weight , and qualitv not to be equalled. %* Year Bcok of '-Rare Seeds" for 1890. A few (partly reserved) Copies are now dis- posable, post-free. Everyone seems to want this in conjunction with my "Illustrated Book of Daffodils." I shall be lifting the Daffodil crop the end of May, particularly " Ard-Ri;:li." tu fill Colonial Orders, and shall be happy to quote in irket jna.rs. rif* His New Doub'e Quilled Perennial SUNFLOWER " Soleil d'Or ; " plants. Is. Sd., post-free.— WM. BAYLOR HARTLA.ND, Old Established Seed Warehouse, 24, Patrick Street, Cork. P I I RRAU'Q PRETTY FLOWERS. If you UWUHHH VJ want a unique array of blooms try our Collection of Herbaceous Plants. No botanical weeds, but each plant distinct and beautiful. 12 vars., 3s.. 4s., and 6s. ; 50 in 50 vara , 15s. and 20s.; 100 in 100. 30s. aud 42s. The "Iris Queen," Iris ochroleuca var. gigantea— finest by far of all the Iris family— robust habit, 6 feet high, enormous lovely whit*e blooms, will grow in any ordinary soil. 2s. each, 18s. per dozen. Foxgloves, white and spotted ; Lupiuus, blue and white, each var. 3s. per doz. See Catalogue. CLILiRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. RAND NEW COLEUS, "DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy aud compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. 6\ COMPANY, Upper £105 0 0 ... 53 10 u ... 26 S II ... 26 ft (1 ... 26 ft 11 ...105 0 u ... 26 5 O ... 26 5 0 ... 52 10 u ... 2 2 0 ... 1 1 II ... 10 10 n ... 10 10 0 ... 1 1 II .. 0 10 « ... 1 1 0 ... 1 1 0 ... 5 5 0 ... ft 0 0 ... 1 1 0 ... 4 :i 0 ... 0 15 ... 1 1 0 ... 1 1 0 ... 10 10 0 ... 2 19 II ... O 10 0 5 5 o 1 1 o 0 17 6 o ;, 0 2 10 O 10 10 0 0 5 0 5 0 Ground Street r. GEORGE JOBSON, Fil C :••. Godulming ,• Mr. GEO, MONRO, Covent Garden Market: Mr. K. CROSS nnual Mr. W. (!. ELLIOTT, l Mr. W. DILLEY, annual Mr. J. RATCLIFFE Mr. 0. HAIGH .Mr. A. HOLDER Mr. J, SULLIVAN Mr, \V. I, llVllili The LONDON md chin i\ BANK, Covent Mr, R. CLARKE Mr. Q. SIMPSON Mr. W. A. BILLINGHUBST JOHNS. SYMONDS, Esq., New Courl Messrs CUTBUSH AND SON, Higbgate CB IS. "7 ALL, Esq., Chelsea JOHN SMITH, Fairlawn Gardens annual M s. OASSELL, Esq . Compton Verney tikis, ha ii dc a mm: si ii ks. Esq , Oheadle F. 0. HILLS, Esq., BedleaJ HORACE NEWSON, Esq., Driffield J. O. YOUNG, Esq., Brentwood HUNK \. HALL, Esq . Lewes Mr. DOCKVEBLLL, Elmshurst Gardens HENRY CLUTTON, Esq .1. WATSON, Koyul Exotic Nursery 1 1 0 0 10 0 0 10 o ft 5 0 5 ft O 3 3 u 1 1 0 2 3 0 0 10 II 0 10 0 3 3 0 1 1 ii I) \I1.Y PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, via (iueenborough, Flushing, Kal- denktrchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- mai I lust ro Hungarian Posts, is specially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulla, &c. No Ccrtilicute required tor Germany. Tariffs free on application. Goods also a, , opted for Conveyance by Petitt , i,"r 10" Master Cll istiil'. 1 5 per 100; Lndy M, l-ll.-t,,u 1:'< imrlOOl Ma.l.nne Hu-lersdoff Us. per ■ in). Ousell of til" Belgiaus, 2s. id. per dozen; Mr«. While V< liuhh Mi iph P '■ ' .'oiichei l.v p lllil ; Co Also , 12s. p»r twelve choice VARIEGATED.— Flowt of Spring. His. per 100; Bijou, ;ingsbury, 10s. per 100; Silver OOLD LEAF.'-Happy Thought 12s. p™ 100. TRICOLOR —Silver Itallia Unita, 16s. per 100; Silver Glen, Eyre Be.uty. l>i*. per 100. BP.ONZE.-Heautyuf Calderdale, Us. per 100 ; McMahon, 14s per 100. IMJUBLF —V. V. Raspail, 12s. per 100; Le Cygne, lhs, per UK)- Madame Thibaut, 12s. per 100; .Madame A. Billet 12s per 100; Guillauuie Manguilli, 12s. perlOO ; Mrs. Orton. 12s. per 100; Wonderful. 109. per 100. Also in twelve choice varieties, 16s. per 100 IVY-LEAVED, in choicest variety, 1 Is. per 100. HELIOTROPES, light a.nd dark, Rs. 6<£ per 100. PETl'.N'IAS.— Crimson K-ng. double, 10-. per 100; Boule de Neige, 10s. per 100; striped single, from cuttings, 8s. per Pin- Seedling Covent Garden strain, 6s. per 100. CALCEOLARIA. -Golden Gem, transplanted. 8s. per 111'; Prince of Orange, trinsplanted. 8s. per 100; Grand Sultan, finest dark, transplanted, 10s. per 100. ECHEVEKIA secunda glauca, 8». per 100. . FUCHSIAS, in the very best exhibition varieties, both single hnd double, 7s. 6d. per inn. . AGERATU.M. — Canuell's Dwarf. 4s. 6d. per IO0; Mexican Tall. Rs. per 100. SALVIA PATENS, from cuttings, Ss. per 100; Scarlet Pine- apple variety. &c, 1 s. per 100. CENTAUREA CIMHDISSIMA, 10s. per 100. MESEMURY iNTHEMPM- Cor varietalum, 8s. per 100. COI.KU8.— Verschafeltii Ss. per Inn DAHLIAS —Pompons. 16s. per 100; singles, 16s. per 100; Cactus, 10s. per 100. FICI'S repeus, Ins. per 10 I LOBELIAS. -Princess of Wales, white. 3s. per 100, 2,«. per 1000- B.ue Stoue. 2s. 6./. per ion; Emperor William. 2s. id. per 100. 20s. per 1000; Brighton Gem, 2s. id. per 100,20s. per 1000; Compacta multillora,2s. 6a. per 100, 20s. per 1000. MARGUERITES.— White, 12s. per 100; yellow. 12s. per 100. MUSK.— Harrison's, 8s. per 100. VERBENAS.— Pure white, crimson, pink, scarlet, rose, OS. bd. per 100. IRESINE.— Herbstii, Lendenuii, Wallisii, 5s. per 100. CUPHEA plntycentra, 8s. per 1110. MARIGOLDS. —French and African, transplanted seedlings, 2s. id. per 100. PHLOX Drummondii. transplanted seedlings. Is. id. per 100, l.'s. per lOuO. SUNFLOWERS GLIBRAN'S REGAL STRAINS, Post free. Try the following strains, and you will grow no others Qualities being superb — the result of some yea's careful hybridising:— BEGONIA, Single. Is. an 1 2s. id. per packet ; Double. 2s. M. p-r packet; CALCEOLARIA. Is. and 2s. id. per pkt. CYCLA- MEN PERSICUM. Is. and 2s 64. per packet. TRY THEM ! FERN SPORES (Seeds), Gremhou-e and Stove varieties, Is. and 2s. bit1, per pic et. EUCALYPTUS, five packets, in five named sorts, 2s. LIST post-free. CLIBRAN, 10 and 12, Market Street, Mmcliester^ ARR'S Descriptive LIST of VEGETABLE and FLOWER SEEDS, free. — Full of useful information. SELECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS. 12s. id., 21s., 31s. id., 42s., 61s. and upwards. SELECTIONS of FLOWER SEEDS. 2s 6o\, 3s. id., 5s. id.. Is. id.. 10s. id.. 15s.. 21s., and upwards. GUDIOLI TUBEROSES. HYACINTHUS CANDICANS. TIGRIDIAS, ANEMONE FULGENS. Sec. for Spring Planting. Des-riptive LIST free on application. BVRR ISO SON, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent Garden. W.C. DAHLIAS. — DAHLIAS. — DAHLIAS. — Sho v. Fancy, Cactus. Single, or Pompous.— 160 best exhibition varieties, fine plants, correctly named, in 3-inch pots, 2s. 6 I. per do/... 18s. p-r 101. Fro n store pots, 2s. per do/.., 12s id per 1(10. Our selection. LIST free on application. S impl- do/en. 2s. id.. Pacsing free for cash with Order. A. J AN-l'C. ALLEN. Florists, &c , Heig'iam. Norwich. MANGEL WURZEI. and TURNIP SEEDS. Hand F. SHARPE will be pleased to • give Special Quotations for all the leading kinds of MANGEL WURZEL and TURNIP SEEDS, of the finest uu-llity, and raised on their own Farms from picked trans- planted' bulbs. The prices are very low this season. Seed Growing Establishment, Wisbech. pi IDDAITC LOVELY TEA ROSES, best sorts ULIDnMIl O m pots. 18s. per dozen ; stronger for forcing, 2s. id. and 3s. id. each. For new and beautiful sets, see List, free. CLIBRAN, oldliehl Nurser.es, Altrincham and Manchester. rf Empress HELICHBYSUM ZINNIA elegaus, NASTURTIUM, 1 ASTERS, best Gei STOCKS, best German GOLDEN FEATHER The above being all s ood, sti and nearly all Iroin single pot recommend them to our numei the prices are reduced from previous ; wishing to do business with us must si as to save time and expence uf booking debts. An inspection is solicited by fid. P". 12s. 1000 til. 100, 12s. 100J yd. loj. SW. 100. id Km. >>-'. 10'. ng, he. ustomers. As will be found, us years, so that everyone ist send cash with order, so .veil as making bad FLETCHER. SON Ann CO., Nurserymen, &c Kindly note— Cash with all Order ^i\ (\i\l\ LOBELIA, Emperor William, »J\7^VUI/ warranted true from cuttings JOHN SOLOMON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. ad. per 100, 20s. per 1000. for cash with order, package included. Queen's Road Nursery. Walthamstow, E. OLD-FASHIONED B BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS FROM SEED. N.B.— Prices are per packet— all seeds are post-free. Alpine Auricula (lovely strain). id. and Is. ; Primrose (most charming shades), mixed. 6 1. and Is. ; Primrose yellow, id. ; Myosntis robusta grandillorn (splendid variety of " Forget-me- Nof), id ; Myosotis sylvatica alba (white flowering wood •' Forget-me-Not"), 3it. ; A. luilegia (Columbine), mixed, 3i. ; Delphinium (finest and most distinct colours), mixed, 3d. ; Foxgloves. fmixed, 3d.; Viola, mixed, 6d. ; Hardy Perennials, twelve distinct and beautiful sorts, 2s. CLIBRAN, 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. The Best Present for a Gardener. INES and VINE CULTURE. The most complete and exhaustive Treatise on Grapes and their Culture ever published. New Edition. Price Ss., post-free 5s. id. F. BARRON, Royal Horticultural Society, Chiswick. V BLACK VESUVIUS BEDDING GEM. The most remarkab'e Zora! Pelargonium, and very much the iii.ntdi-tu.ct -nirc the iutroduciion of M's. pollock. Foliage intensely dark, and the llower is, n brighter than its parent. Plants 3j. id. eBch, post-free, is. Fend for our Catalogue, and see the splendid New Plants we are now distributing, some of them of great value to the nation. Tomato PlaLts. MONliO, Tomato Grower, Bulwer Road, • New Burnet. Choice varieties are now ready. Prices as usual, from 3s. per dozen. Many Acres of LUl's of the Valley ! rP JANNuCH, Largest Grower of LILIES 1 • OF THE VALLEY in the Kingdom, offers 3-yr. old flowering Crowns for forcing, and 2 and 1-yr. old Crowns for planting out. of unsurpassed quality. Hundieds of testi- monials. Time of sending out, November 1 to May 1. Prices and terms on application. T. JANNOCH (Lily of the Valley Grower by special appoint- ment to H R.H. the Prince of Wale3), Der;iugham, King's Lynn, Norfolk. H. CANNELL & SONS, SWAN LEY, KENT. 20,000 RHODODENDRONS now in and coming into bloom in our Nurseries, the best named varieties ; also many new and beautiful seedlings, all growing in the open ground. Inspection respectfully invited. I. DAVIES & SON, Nurserymen, Ormskirk. 'HE " STOTT " Patent Insecticide Manure DISTRIBUTOR. HE "STOTT" Patent SPRAYER, giving a Mist-like Spray ; cannot choke. ^"^7~ ■ Price LISTS on application. The "Stott" Fertilizer and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. CERTAIN SUDDEN DEATH To all Grubs, Aphis, Lice, Red Spider, Thnp, Mealy Bug, Caterpillars, &c, &c PERFECTLY ) feJ^^f g ' " MAC-KEY'S CATERPILLAR EXTERMI- NATOR and UNIVERSAL INSECTICIDE, ss recom- mended by the Hoard of Agriculture, for Green ant Black Fly, Mealy Bug. Kc.l Spider. Camellia Scale, Blight. &c. No boiling or mixing required. 1 lb. dissolved in 10 gallons will form the Exte ruinator for Caterpillars as recommended by the Board of Agriculture; 1 lb. to 30(1 for Green Fly, Blight, &c. Price, in 1 lb. tins. Is. id.: 5 lb , 3s. ; 10 lb.. 5s. j per cwt., las. Sample gratis on application. MACKF.Y, MACKEY AMD CO., 1 and 2, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street, Londou, E.C. ud all diseases HARMLESS Fir Tree (soluble) INSECTICIDE A combination of Hydrocarbon Oils, made soluble m Water, for destroying ALL INSECTS & PARASITES that infest Trees and Plants, whether at the Hoots ol on the Foliage. 4 . , „. Sold by Seedsm -n and Chemists., Is. Gd., 2s. Cd., & 4.s, 6d ; 4 "all.m 7s. (id., 1 gallon 12s Cd., or less in larger quantities. A Treatise on FIR TREE OIL as an INSECTICIDE, its application to Plan ts and Animals, sent Post free on receipt of address, by the Manufacturer, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES, Manchester- Wholesale Hoopkk & Co. ; Cohky, Sopkb, Fowlkr &Co.; C E 6smv\- & to.; and from all the London Seed Mer- chants and Wholesale Patent Medicine Houses. NEW YORK— Uolker & Sons. HUGHES' Fir tree Oil SPRAY PUMP Throws a fine spray 20 ft., and a jet 30 ft., with great force. A splendid substitute for the Syringe for using Insecticide, Price 25s. A larger size for watering ^ ^_ purposes, 45s. ifpj Carriage Paid. JpUOHES8 llrAPHICIDE Mb* 1/ HUGHES' For Glass Houses, GREEN &CREAM color SHADING Convenient, Inexpensive— Easily applied-Lasts all the Summer, and can then be easily washed off Is., post 1/3. For Fixing Bloom of Azaleas, gj | | f\U CC &c, and for Cut Flow HUGHES' FLORAL CEMENT. A great boon to Florists and all lovers of Flowers. Dries instantly. Sold in bottles, Is. & 2s. Per Post 3d. extra. HUGHES' STYPTIC For Preventing Vines Bleeding after Pruning. Very effectual in preventing the How of sup in Vines being wasted. In bottles, 1 G and 2 6. Per post, 3d. extra. For Destroying Beetles, Cockroaches, UllflUCQ Crickets. Bugs, Fleas, Mosquitos, i-c. nUUIILi) TROPICAL BEETLE POWDER Most effectual in Greenhouses -for Animals and Bed Clothing. Price. 6d., Is. Si 2 6. Per post 3d. extra. E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES «$SB£E1 VICTORIA & CATEATON STREET, MANCHESTER, EESON'S MANUK K— The Best and Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. Write for Circular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Eeports. Sold in Tins. Is., 2s. fid., 5s. id., and 10s. id. each. or 1 cwt. Bags, sealed, 13s. Bv all Seedsmen, or apply direct to W. H. BKESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. May 17. 1W0.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 605 ars on THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE SPECIALLY KKCOMMFN'O THE USE OF HOP-WASHING ENGINES, AS THE BEST MEANS OF CONTENDING WITH THIS rES"1" HAYWARD, TYLER, & CO., Make a specialty of Hop-washing Engines, Syringes, Sj/ny l'roduccrs, Improved Manure Engin*s, &o , 90 & 92, WHITECROSS ST., LONDON, E.C. Established 1815. Awarded over 40 Prise Medals. WORM DESTROYER, for eradicating every kind of Worm from tin* roots of large Specimen Plants, Pots, Lawns, &c. II i- easily and i heaply ap| will not harm ih» mo>t rlelicate plant. In bottles, Is., . :.< .. and 12*. U. each. FOWLER'S GARDENER-.1 INSECTICIDE for destroying and preventing insect*, might, and Mildew infesting Plants and Tree«. H is easily appl ed, either by Dipping, Syringing, Sponging, or as a Winter Dressing. Does not require cleansing off with water; will m>t stain are any our.' than plain water ; and gives the folinge a bright, clean, and healthy appea anre In Jai .1.. . M lb., 12*. ; 112 1b., 81 FOWLER'S MEALY-BUG DESTROYER, for Hi.- Special eradication of this most trouble*™ I Stovel ■•' Plant Peats, it is ■ thai with a small brush or vaporiser; i- insta.nl deatmctioa to both insecbi and ova, ana does not stain 01 injure the foliage. In Bottle*, 1 . - • . . lUon, lis.; One Ballon, 12*. each. ELLIOT'S "SUMMER CLOUD" SHAD- ING, tor Qreenhouaea, Conservatories, Skylights, »n.l all Qlaaa Structures that require Shading Material. In i each. EWING'S MILDEW COMPOSITION. In Bottles, i . u>. TOBACCO JUICE, extra strong, specially pre- . i iporating. I UNEQUALLED DRESSING FOR LAWNS DESTRUCTION of WEEDS. A trial Tin 9 ill prove it. efficacy. PRICES :— In Tins. Is., 2<. Ad., it.; nnil in , ... , . o LF MANI 1 kCTl Rl RS CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO., Ltd., 16, Finsbury Street, London, E.C. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen and Florists. /, \ MOST EFFECTIVE I SAFEST TOBACCO PAPEIT "Improved t< only Genuine Medicated" 'O per lb Oiroular.wUh tutbaaalal*, I 'nut Free. dicksons Tt*:'c^:» Chester./ NORMAL FERTILISER For GREENHOUSE or GARDEN. „ 7 1b. 14 lb. 28 1b. 6«lb. 1 cwt. rnoei— 2*. :t.<. iw. 6*. 8d, »«. u». And in 6d". ami Is, packets, To be had of Beadsmen and Florists, or the NORMAL MANURE t'O.VIPA.NY, Ltd., 121, Biahopsgate Street Within, K.f'., ; 1 1 1 • 1 Fundi. im Remd, Guildford. Usual Trade Discounts. Wl„,l.-s:,l ,i \I.--rs. IHKSTAMiSiiN.15J.Hr indsditrh.London PERFECT" SUMMER SHADING Supersedes nil Others wrraoi . For SHADING GLASS ROOFS Of ALL KINDS. Is the Cheapest. Goes four times as far as the old preparations. Note Its merits described below. Messrs. Carlton, Oontraitors for the [minting of the Glasgow Exhibition of 1888, write: — "By order of the Directors we applied ibis Shading to the glass roofing of the Glasgow Exhibition, and found i poaaease I lt.-.i advantag var all other preparstione with B*iua>a] plied . uld it was mi^i cod* , . i while it resisted the action of the rain the whole season it was Rt once easily removed by gentle rubbing after wetting. It afforded :i cool aud pleasant shad.-, at the same time admitting ibundance ot light. ' tin, 1*. ;2-lb tin, 2s. Post-free, 4|rf. extra. 1 b. makes half a gallon for use. "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial sample post-free.) Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation "ii Walks, Carriage art gr lurnl Gat dens. At Used at Kea (lardem. Royal Ho COMPLETE SATISFACTION GUARANTEED to nil using VV«Ei. Kn.i.m bearing our Trade Mark, without which none i- genuine. Av/me /uiiiciiiiw. jl'ni. i Gallon, i A gal., 1/u per gal.; 10 gal. 1 /a per gal.; ^40 gal. 1/4 ]>ergal, special quotations for quaktitu h DISTRIBUTOR for 'Perfect" Weed Killer. Holds 40 gallons. Wrought-lror» frame-work neatly painted, Gal- vanized tuiies with tap to regnlatej tlow. Gives spray 881ns. wide, Price £4 net on rail Glasgow. Bolb Maitoyautubbjuj: Tna HORTICOLTORAL & AGRICULTUHAL CHEMICAL COY- Works : 97, Milton Street, Glasgow. Principal Agents BLACKXEY, YOUNG us CO., 108, Holm Street, Glasgow. NOTICE -»'• rigin 'Juhai wWerl atTonbridgt.Kent butt ■ ■ iU ■ GLASGOW ■ ; ai rjr.l time oi/r ONLY ADDRESS ■ *» GLASGOW. SOLD by SEEDSMEN end FLORISTS. SVRCHID PEAT, beet quality; BROWN yj FIBROUS PRAT for Stove and Greenhouse use. RHO Sold ill Paokets, 6d. iind'lS. each, and ill Sealed Bags Only. b„ -.' .i; Ulb., l/o; 28 lb., 3 I; f>6 lti., l?/il; I owt., 20/- CLAY & LEVESLEY, TEMPLE mm. I LANE, STRATFORD, LONDON. E. *Wt§o!ffitt£B. SAVES MORE THAV TWICE ITS COST IN LABOUR. NO SMELL. One application will keep the Walks and Drives clear of Weeds for at least Ilghteea Mmths. Highly commei v theJudgesal the Alexandra Palace Hose Show. 1889, after IS Months' Trial. Awarded a Certificate of Mer.t by the Bcottiah Horticultural Association, l«s». Mr. wo. II i. a ii. Crystal Palace, says:—' We w. re to satis- fied with your composition and its price, that we bin sed it fldence In r mmending it " or, Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, ion with regard to its ellieaey." . 2s. i»-r gal. (tins included) i In . ; 1 d IS «'l Drums, Is. 4d. or larger quantities, Carriage Prices : i" I and 2-gal fegal. drums, is. 6d. 1" per gal. Special quota naliTon 10 gals ... I u, ,<■ ,,,,,„■ . , . rt.oi To Ml II tO mi AI I. To prevent diaappointme ro rt »of One GaJlontolaGtllonis of Water P <. per 100, 21s. per 1000; Brighton Blue, fine, is. per 100, CALCEOLARIA' Golden Gem, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000; Camden Hero, fine dark, 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE Jaun d'Amour. Miss Nightingale, dark, bs. per AGERATUM Imperial Dwarf, blue, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 8s. per 100, 75s. per 1000. JJ IRESINK LINDENI, dark crimson, good bedder, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. , „. , . _ PELARGONIUM Vesuvius, line-t bedding scarlet. Ss. per 100. 75s per 1000; Master Christine, 12s. per 100; Mrs. I.eieis and Jenny Dodds, line pink, 10s. per 100; Henry .Tacoby, best crimson, 12s. per 100; Madame Vaucher, white, 12s. per 100- Queen of Belgians, finest white, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100; Niphetos. bedding white, 12s. per 100; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, Jean Sisley, and White Vesu- vius, 10s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED May Queen (Turners), Princess Alexandra, Flower of Spring, 12s. per 100 ; Little Trot. dwarf, 12s. per 100; Prince Silverwings, 12s. per 100; Lady Plymouth. Ins. per 100. GOLD LEAF Crystal Palace Gem, 12s. per 100; Happy Thought, 12s. per 100. BRONZE McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, the be t bedders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR Mrs. Pollock, 15s. per 100; Sophie Dumares.pie, Lady Cilllnni. Sir R. Napier, 18s. per 100. DOUBLES, F. V. Raspail, tine scarlet ; M. Thibaut, pink ; M. Baltet, best white. 12s. per 100. TROP.-EOLUM Vesuvius, 10s. per 100; Mrs. Ellis, bjst dwarf scarlet. 10s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in twelve good named sorts. Ss. per 100. PFLARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, from single pots, good, 2 is. per 100, 3s. per dozen. NOTE.— Not fewer than twenty-five of any one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms, cash. Cemetery Nurseries, Gravesend, S.E. A CHARMING BED, Always Bright and Tidy, Made by planting ALTERNANTHERAS, beautiful foHageil sorts golden vellow, bronze red, magenta r.i-e, &,-., at 2s. bd. per do/en- Rooted Cuttings, 12s. per 100. ECHEVERtA METAIXICA, E. AGAVOIDES. each, 9s. and 12s. per dozen ; F FIRIN'OSA, 0s. per dozen— three splendid sorts, very scarce. P'CHYPHYTUM ISRACTKOSUM. splendid light glaucous green bs per dozen. SEMPERVIVUM TARULJEFORMK. distinct. 6s per dozen. HFRNIARIA GLABRA AUREA, beautiful golden yellow, growing close to soil. 2s. bd. per doz. CLIBRAN'S : OLDFIELD NURSERIES, Altrincham, and Manchester. Mat 17, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 607 MY NEW DAHLIA CATALOGUE Has been posted to m; ame should apply at once, t contains— t further Copy shall be sent. MY NOVELTIES FOR 1890, which are quite equal to my previous introductions, many of which are amons the most (•opular of the day. Each section is fully represented, and every good variety will be found fully deeoribed, I have a gram! collection of — CACTUS, SINGLE, POMPONE, SHOW, FANCY, and STELLATE VARIETIES. All are good strong plants, established in pots, and will be ready for planting the l*t week in May. This Catalogue also contains a fine collection of the— NEW LARGE-FLOWERING CANNAS, Having flowers almost as large a- GH shade of colour. This Catalogue also contains of Chrysanthemum-, Marguerites, Pentstemons, single l'y- rethoms, and many other popular group1* for present planting. I have issued this season the CATALOGUES Oltutrated Hardy Perennials, Fiori-t Flowers, Tree and Herbaceous Preony, Jap , Climbing Plants, Hardy Ferns, Cbrysanthemums, Choice Flower Seeds. Any of which can application i THOMAS S. WARE, 11 A L E F \ I: M N D BS E i: I l.s. TOTTENHAM, LONDON. WILLIAMS' GOLD MEDAL STRAINS CALCEOLARIA | . r ,,,,, PRIMULA ...[1642 6 Post Frcr: in fit ■■■■■'! ' B. S. WILLIAMS &. SON, Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, UPPER HOLLOWAY, LONDON, N. PI IRPAM'Q SI'I.KM'IH IWI.MS.in.l !T.K\>. and 9«. per dozen ; larger for Immediate effect, L8»., 30*. per dozen. Asparagus, splendid for cutting, stands well in rooms— A. plnmOBOS, plumosus mum . ■ ■ Haidenfa ur Ferns, ■mall pots, 6*. per dozen ; Large, 9*,, )2r., and 18s. pi i The lovely Adiantum Lferleyenee, splendid Fronde from 2s. each. L3 fine distinct F*»rnn for greenhouse) 9s, and 13*. CLTBRAN, Oldfleld Nurseries, Utrim h im and M u FERNS a SPECIALITY. The tin t, most varied, choice and Interesting collection 1 (00 species and varieties of itove, grei hardy Ferns. Partially L> uding coi prehensile List of usefu] Gardening Books, free on appUcatic ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE (No. 21), containing 130 LHuttrationi and mui b \ all. » t . ] ■ inform iWon the cultivation of Ferns, OirK8HiLLiNGand8iiPE50i ,posi fr ORCHID EXHIBITION. One of the most beautiful sights in London. Orc H IDS.— The Orchid Ex- hibition at Mr. William Bill's Estab- lishment for New and Eare Plants, 536, King's Road, Chelsea, London, SAY., now OrEN, 10 to 6 o'Clock. Admission, 2.?. Qd. 0RCHIDS.— A vision of lovo- tineas unparalleled in Europe. ORCHIDS— " A scene of the greatest Orchidic beauty, baffling descrip- tion, and defying exaggeration." ORC W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, FERN NURSERY, SALE, MANCHESTER. HIDS.— Th.< Exhibition is worth going any distance to see at Mr. William Bull's Establishment for New and Eare Plants, 536, King's Road; l h.lsea, London, SAY. WILLIAM BULL, F.L.S., Establisnnient for New and Rare Plants, 536, KINGS ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. CHEAP BEDDING PLANTS, All Strong and Healthy. per doz., ll , .. ii.nrv i t>j , Hupp] ' Pi rula,Silver leaf, ... , . 16 per 100. VERBENAS, purple, striped, pink, i t, white, i id per doz., 12» per 100. CALCEOLARIAS, < Amplturicaulfa, handsome lemon, per doz., 20f. per l"". LOB1 i.i 18, in i eror Willi in (the best blue), fr.a.i outl AGES VI i 'i per 1000. \i IROl BBITBS, yellow, Large* lOs.perlOO Mi Mr U's. Queen's Prize, splendid mix<'i coloure, 2*. per doz., . r 100. l'YRETHlti M. - ither), 3*. per 100, l'ik. per 1000. PI ti m\s splendid striped and fringe], single, St. per 100, 10*. i" ' .. henuliful double mix.' I, per i ei I HELIOl B< ' ! n. i, per doz., 20*. PINK, Mi l"'1-. :'"' I" r doz. „ ii, .mihii' Dele .,i „ .. 8», per doz, CLOVE, oW crimson .. ,. .. St. per doz. CARNATION, finest. Doubles, mixed „ .. :i«. per do/.. 1 1\ 1 1 1. 1 AS, Single, mi, I. all haiii'iof brilliant colours, from ■ . IBs. per 100, ,, Doubli'i, bi-*t i, 'ma I, show, ruin v, and Pompones, from fl i . per ifo/., 18*. per 100. CACTUS i. Mil. I IS, .1 inrezii, Constance, Fire others, as. per doz. I mixed, " from cuttings," 8), per 100. PYRETHRUM (Herbac is), Double and single to name, from single pol a, 1 1. pel I'HI.'iX i ll.-rl.i. -i. mm' I 'nil. urn, It. 1 OHRj BANTHJ Mi ii, eli ■ I oi ini I n imed Show varieties, from single pote, 2 id. per doz., 18s. per 100, PAPAVIA, ! white and I . r 1000. ,, "The Shirley," splendid showy rariety, i . per 100,30*. I ■ CASH, Pacta Free, Extra plants to cover carriage. c I TALOGUE Gratis. H I. HARDY, F.R.H.S. STOUR v A 1. 1. E V N D n SERIE BUBES. SUFFOLK. New Edition, THE COTTAGER'S CALENDAR of GARDEN OPERATIONS. Pries 3d., Post-free Sjrf. W. RICHARDS, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6d. rHE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, Vol. VI., Third Series, JULY to DEC. 188H. W. RICHARDS. 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. THE (lanknra' d[tonidc. SATURDAY, MAY 17, 1890. THE ArPROACHING ROSE SEASON. r ■ lHERB i> a wonderful lull always at this time A of tin' year in the Hose world, somewhat, like the calmness h hioh precedes a storm: or the night liefore a hattle, when all preparations being made, and everything in order, bhe combatants ■ •I in morrow lie down to snatch a few hours, or it may be minutes, of sleep, knowing the work that is liefore them. We have looked over our beds, have noted, and it may be, supplied our losses; have seen what the weather has done, pruned even our Teas, and are now watching the growth that they are making; So far the appear- ance is favourable, in Bome places indeed the plants have been hard hit, by the trust of March I, while in others they have escaped, owing to some advantage of position, or peculiarity of treatment. We have bad the usual mournful plaint from the foremost of Unse growers "ll. T. I''.." and also from other correspondents in East A.nglia who tell a very different tale; hut I can quite understand that in the same district one garden may have suffered and another got off scot free. I have already noticed how my friend, Mr. Geo, Mount, at Canterbury, suffered from that terrible morning frost of the tth of Maroh, and yet other gardens within a mile of his were untouched. My Euonymus were untouched by it, while in gardens not above 8 miles olT, they are as if a lire had passed over them. ,\lr_ Frank Cant tells that his Teas are ur/han Ij hut he adopts the plan which in cold districts may be advantageously followed, of lifting and transplanting the hushes everyyear; this checks the llow of sap. They do not push so early, and are, consequently, less likely to suffer from the early frosts of May. I do not think such a plan is neoessary everywhere, although I would desire to disabuse the minds of people who imagine ours must be a warm county. 1 am persuaded that it is not true, at any rate, of East Kent ; we are so peculiarly subject to east winds, and get very severe frosts and very heavy rain- storms. I imagine that few parts of England could I ' 1 if Ml ■ b ! helow zero in one place, and 20 and 80 of 608 THE GABDENEXS' CHRONICLE. [Mat 17, 1890. frost in a good many plaoes. So far, the latter part of April, and the first week of May, have been most favourable ; the temperature has been high, and copious rains have pushed the plants into growth. Soon it will be neces- sary to look out for maggot and greenfly, but as yet they have not made their appearance. It may not be out of place, therefore, to say a few words to exhibitors — not the old stagers who could most probably teach me many a lesson, and put me up to a dodge or two of which I am in blissful ignorance, for I have never been an exhibitor, and it is too late for me to begin ; but seeing a good many shows, as I do, and the efforts, often very feeble, of young exhibitors, a word or two may be of use to them in the coming season. 1. What is the best time for cutting Roses for ex- hibition ? There have been many and different opinions on this subject ; how often have I heard it said : " Oh ! what an advantage Mr. A. has ; the show is so close at home that he put off cutting his Roses until the morning, and then brought them fresh to the show ground." Now, as I have said, I am not an exhibitor, but I have often seen Roses of some of our first-rate exhibitors on the day before the show, which is to be held close to their own doors, and I have found that by far the greater bulk of the flowers were cut the night before, and it was oaly some buds that had not sufficiently declared them- selves the night before that were cut in the morning. Of course if you go out in the early morning before sunrise, or about sunrise, nothing can look more charming than your flowers do then, with the dewdrops glistening on them, and their colours glistening in the soft subdued light of early dawn ; but to the Rose exhibitor there is no room for sentiment, and the question is, not how do the Roses look at 3 a.m., but how will they look at 11 a.m., when the judges begin to examine them ? I remember once, one most ardent exhibitor losing a much- coveted medal by giving way to sentiment : he went round his garden in the early morning, and there stood before a most lovely bloom of Marie Baumann, the very perfection of a bloom of that most perfect Rose. " Oh ! I must have that — is it not a beauty ? " " Yes.it is now," I said, " but it will not be in four or five hours' time, and pray do not trust to it." He could not be persuaded out of it, and as a consequence lost his medal. All his other blooms were good ; but this, though of course retaining its size and form, had lost its colour. When these flowers are cut with the dew on them, they are apt to be spotty ; and there is, moreover, the possibility that you may have a thunderstorm during the night, which will be utterly destructive to all the exhibitor's hopes. Of course, the exhibitor who is close to the show ground has an advantage in that his flowers are not so kept shut up in the boxes, and have not to endure a long railway journey ; but I am convinced he does not enjoy the advantage some people imagine of being able to cut his flowers on the morn- ing of the show day. The best time, I believe, to be before the dew falls the night before ; moreover, if cut then and placed in water, they absorb a good deal, and are thus kept fresh. 2. The next question is, at what state of expan- sion ought the blooms to be when they are cut ? This is a point on which I am sure young exhi- bitors make great mistakes. In most cases they depend upon blooms much too expanded. Like my friend already mentioned, they do not consider what the lovely flower they are looking at has to go through before it passes under the judges' eye, and they have only to cut a bloom and place it in their eitting-room for a few hours to see what a change takes place in these bright-coloured flowers, and they will then see how very careful they ought to be as to the age of the flowers. Of course there is a difference (I am now alluding to the H.P.'s) ; if a flower is not very full, it will open all the sooner, and those with a good deal of stuff in them will bear the treatment they have to submit to better. But, as a rule, it is safer never to take a fully expanded flower ; a flower three-quarter expanded or half-blown is better — but care must be taken in this matter too, for if the flower is too full, it will not open properly afterwards. It is well to tie a small piece of bast or raffia round the flower, so as to keep it well together; this is almost always done with Teas, which, from their greater substance, hardly require it, and it certainly ought to be done with flowers which are more likely to open. The 3rd point is, how to treat the flower when cut ? I was very much surprised the other day to hear an exhibitor for a good many years (I must own, not a very successful one) that he always put dry moss into his boxes. To some extent, this may account for his want of success. The box in which the Roses are to be placed should be packed freely with wet moss, and the tubes then jammed tightly into it ; they should then have some of the wet moss, as green and as short as possible, placed on the surface. The tubes should then be filled with water, of course (Foster's will be used), the Roses wired and inserted into the tubes, the surface of the moss may be then watered, but not a drop must go on to the flowers ; the lid should then be put on the box, and slightly tilted. It should be placed in some cool out- house or coach-house, and the ground thoroughly well watered round it, so as to create a cool atmosphere, and to prevent any dust from rising and settling on the flowers. In the morning the exhibitor will go round his garden, and see if any buds have come forward during the night, and these may be cut and put amongst his " spares," with which every orudent exhibitor should be provided ; they are like the reserves which a prudent general always has in store. But all these preparations will be of no use unless the prospect be good of having good Roses. As far as I can see, Roses have broken remarkably well, and the glorious rains that we have had lately have helped them on greatly, and it is earnestly to be hoped that we may escape those unwelcome frosts which do so much damage. It only shows how very little, however, we can write of other places in our most extraordinary climate. Thus, I read that in Hertfordshire during the month of April there was only 0'77 in. of rain ; whereas here, which is not per- haps more than 60 miles in a bee-line, we had 2'95 in., and in one day we had 13 in. ; so that, if I were to talk with the inhabitants, and tell them what a quantity of rain we had, they would be very much astonished indeed — and I think very often but little allowance is made in these matters, so that, we get very conflicting statements. Let us wait, however, and then perhaps in another fortnight or so we may be able to tell better what is in store for us. Wild Rose. New or Noteworthy Plants. DENDROBIUM x VENUS, n. hyb. The work of hybridisation proceeds apace. Mr. Norman C. Cookson, of Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, has just flowered a very handsome seedling Den- drobium, raised from D. Falconeri, crossed with the pollen of D. nobile. The raceme is two-flowered, the sepals lanceolate, acute, bright rose above, much paler below, 2^ inches long by f inch broad. The petals are much broader, acute, white, with light rose apex. The lip is broad, acute, white, tipped with bright rose, and with a large deep maroon blotch. Thus the flowers have much of the general appearance of D. Falconeri, except that the yellow is absent from the lip. They are large and very showy, and as the plant has now only flowered for the first time, it should develop into a good thing. The leaf sent is narrowly lanceolate-linear, 3i inches long by 4 inch broad. Mr. Cookson remarks that the pseudobulbs are almost intermediate between the parents, being semi-pendulous, and the nodes not nearly so much swollen as in D. Falconeri, with which it also agrees in its habit of producing new pseudobulbs from the summits of the old ones. It is also said to be a robust grower. The most obvious character derived from D. nobile is the absence of the yellow disc of the lip. R. A. Rolfe, Herbarium, Kern. Ctpripedium X Numa, n. hyb. This is a new hybrid, raised by Mr. Seden for Messrs. Veitch, between Cypripedium Lawrence- anum and C. Stonei, the latter being the pollen- parent. It was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on March 11 last, when it was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Orchid Committee (vide p. 336). A note sent with the flower points out that the " leaves are longer and narrower than in C. Lawrenceanum, and tesselated in the same way but less brightly ; that is, well- nigh intermediate between the two parents." The flower has the general aspect of C. Stonei, but the dorsal sepal is less abruptly acuminate, and bears eleven irregular stripes of purple brown, the petals are not twisted and more spreading, the lip almost uniformly light purple-brown, not distinctly reticu- lated, while the staminode is nearly orbicular, very concave, closely hairy, a little paler than the lip ; three-toothed above, the central tooth minute, the outer ones much larger, and curved almost till they meet, so as to enclose a nearly circular open space. C. Stonei has been crossed with two other species, in each case it having been used as the seed-parent : first with C. barbatum, giving rise to C. X euryau- drum, and afterwards with C. superbiens, when C. X Morganise, the facile princeps of hybrid Cypripe- diums, was produced. In each case the credit is due to the indefatigable Mr. Seden. R. A. Rolfe. PRUNUS PSEUDO-CERASUS. In fig. 99 we reproduce the single form of the above plant, one of the showiest of flowering Japanese trees. Originally named by Lindley, a double form of it is figured in the Revue Horticole, 1866, p. 371, as Cerasus Sieboldtii Carrieri, but the older name will now have precedence. This double form of Prunus pseudo-cerasus is known also in gardens as Cerasus Wateri. The flowers are possessed of several rows of petals, making it a pleasing full flower, but there are some other varie- ties which differ considerably in size and somewhat in colour. The form known as C. Wateri, flowers of which were recently shown to us by Mr. T. Baines, measured nearly 2 inches in diameter, white, each petal prettily marked with bright rose. Mr. Baines asserts that this particular plant blooms a fortnight earlier than C. Sieboldtii, and that too in a position not fully exposed to the sun. The double forms of Prunus pseudo-cerasus if planted in fairly good soil, on banks and on rising ground, or as solitary plants on the lawn, are very decorative when in flower. The single flowered type form bears numerous reddish sour fruits on long stalks. GARDEN EDGINGS. Nothing adds more to the appearance of a garden, be it large or small, than well-kept edges, which are almost the first objects that come under the eye. The plant most generally employed for edgings to walks is Box, which, if in good trim, looks neat; but the worst of live edgings is, that they do not admit of weed-destroyers being used, and that is against them, as gravel, even if it be of the best binding nature, will get foul to a greater or less extent, and then it involves much time and labour to clean it. This being so, it is better in many cases to have a dead edging of some kind, but it should be of a very hard, indestructible material — one of the neatest I have seen being a tile with a cable-patterned top, and it is one which does very well for kitchen gardens. If the appearance of a long line of these tiles, or anything else that may be used, is objected to, they may easily be hidden, and the sides of the walks made very beau- tiful by planting Gentiana acaulis, Thrift, double Daisies, or other suitable plants, of which there are many; and, if a more utilitarian spirit prevails, thin rows of Strawberries, Parsley, or such- like, may be grown. In some places flints, and in others, large May 17, 1800.] THE GAirDENEtiV CHRONICLE. 609 pebble stones are readily obtainable, and either of them answer admirably for laying at the sides of walks as a boundary, and to support or keep back the soil, and both serve well for the purpose of nurses to the flowering plants named, as each likes them to nestle to and send their roots under. The Gentian especially is benefited by the flints or pebbles, cneorum, Alyssum saxatile, Pinks, Seduins, Aubne- tias, or any other low-growing, trailing subjects, as positions of that kind are just the home for them, and they form a splendid foreground for plants used behind without being stiff and formal as any other edging would be. In cases where borders are flat, a grass verge in front looks well, but an annual trimming and the frequent use of the sheais. Box, where it succeeds and keeps its colour, makes a very satisfactory edging to walks, but it should never be allowed to get thick and high, as when in that state it not only looks heavy, but forms a harbour for slugs and other insects, which sally v^Mw'Wi ■' vO I Fjg. 00.— phcnus CEBAsca pseudo-cebasus, white flushed with bose, (see p. 008.) and when planted between will soon hug them closely, and do all the better for the moisture they conserve, which the plants find at the sides. Flower borders may be raised, or can be placed in that desirable form, and much beautified by placing any rugged waste pieces of stone, burrs, or clinkers along the edge and partly burying them, and then planting be- tween such plants as the lovely deep blue Litho- spermum prostratum, the Kock Rose, Daphne it shonid be of good width, and in that respect proportionate, or its appearance will be meagre and out of accord with the ground that it bounds. Grass verges not only look well, but they are very easily kept, as a mowing machine run over them weekly during the summer will maintain them in excellent order — that is, so far as their surface is concerned ; but, in addition to that, it is important to have the edges sharp and well defined, which may be done by forth at night alid do irreparable harm. There are two ways of reducing such bulky Box edgings when they have become too large, the one by heading back and cutting in the sides, and the other by entire relaying. The present is a good time for carrying out either of these operations ; but to give the Box a fair chance to break again or make root, there is now no time to lose. The heading back and cutting in may quickly be done by the use of a pair CIO THE &ARt>EKEkSi CIIUOKICLE. [May 17, IS'JO. of "harp shears ; but in a general way it is better to dig up ami relay, and in doing this the Box should be shortened as mnch below as it will bear without taking off to . much of the roots. With the B >x so reduced, it may then be pulled apart and packed closely, when it will he ready for putting in again ; but to i- "iv this part, out. well, a good workman is needed ,,, grt-'th" rows regular. The way to have them i„ ,]. .. a ile stale |4 first of a' I, to preoare the m ili/.-i.-'j »"<\ living ir. perfectly level, at in , , idmg, and putilig ltd nvn with the back of a spade, which done, it only remains to strain a line, and cut out a trench beside it, and then lay the Bjx in. As soon as this is done, the soil should be closely pressed against it, and so finished off, when the gravel may be returned, and the job made complete. With regard to clipping or trimming Box, the best time to do that, is just after it makes its first growth, or say the beginning of May — at which season we always do ours, and it makes just growth enough after- wards to take off the shorn appearance, and look well. By pursuing this course annually, just before bed- ding out, we are able to keep our edgings close, and though some have stood for over twenty years, they are only 3 inches high, and less than that through. Any gaps that occur are made up by dibbling fresh Box in the lines, or rather by using a wedge-shaped tool to make a hole in which to plant it, refilling with soil. J. S. THE FIXING OF FREE NITRO- GEN BY PLANTS. (Canduied from p. 589.) In reznrd to the yellow Lupins, with which the ran,t striking results were obtained, it may be stated that, under the influence of the soil-extract Beeding, the above-ground growth was not only very luxuriant, but the plants developed great maturing tendency, flowering and seeding freely. The development of the roots generally, and that of swellings or nodules on them, were also very marked. In pot 4, with the Lupin-sand itself, which would supply a not immaterial amount of combined nitrogen, although the growth was normal, it wa«, both above-ground and withm the soil, very much less than in the pots with soil-extract only ; and the development of nodules was also less. It is possible that the less development in the Lupin-sand itself, than in the quartz-sand with soil-extract only, was partly due to the much less porosity of the Lupin-soil, espe- cially when watered. The blue Lupins failed ; the Cloves and Lucerne experiments are still in progress. Referring to the main object of the investigation, It will be admitted that the results, so far brought forward, are abundantly confirmatory of those ob- tained by Hellriegal, and that the fact of the fixation of free nitrogen in the growth of Leguminosae, under the influence of microbe seeding of the soil, and of the resulting nodule formation on the roots, may be considered as fully established. I', appears that, almost concurrently with the exierim-nis mad- at B .thamsted, M Beil.of the Physiological Laboratory of the Mu-i- d'Histoire N.turelle, of Pari*, has nude various experiments i n lilies suggested by the results of Hellriegal and Wi "earth. H ex i.nioed thecontentsof nodules from Lucrne root*, ad observed rounded grains and bacteria- like fi.d.uieuL=. He determined the nitrogen in the root-t lueroles from various Papilionaceso, and found it much higher in them than in the stalks, leaves, or roots. He germinated Peas in a nutritive solu- tion, and added some of the matter from a crushed Lucerne root-tubercle. The Pea roots became covered with tubercles, and eventually the nitrogen in th - pla it was about double that in the seed sown. In another experiment he germinated two Lupin see.!-. inoculated .me of t.hem from a living Lucerne lout-tubercle, and planted both in gravd with a nutritive solution free from nitrogen. Eventually the roots of the inoculated plant were covered with tubercles, whilst those of the other had none. The inoculated plant also contained about two-and-a-half times as much nitrogen as the seed, whilst without inoculation there was practically no gain. In another experiment, Peas were germinated in a Lucerne-soil transplanted into gravel, and nutritive solution free from nitrogen added, when the roots became covered with tubercles, and the nitrogen assimilated was nearly twenty-five fold that of the seed. 0 i inoculating the germinated roots of Hiricots, and planting thein in sand, they grew vigorously, lormed pods, developed many tubercles on their roots, and assimilated nearly fifteen times as much nitrogen as the seed supplied. Lastly, he planted a fragment of Lucerne root with nodules on it, in a sandy soil, reserving a similar fragment for analysis. Several cuttings of Lucerne were obtained; aud when taken up the root had many nodules, and the nitrogen assimilated was more than eighty times as much as in the catting planted. As to the importance to agriculture, in a quan- titative sense, of this newly established source of nitrogen to the Leguminosre, the evidence at present at command is insufficient, say the authors, to enable them to form any very decided opinion. Both agri- cultural investigation and direct vegetation experi- ment have clearly shown that LeguminosiB do take up much soil-nitrogen, and, at any rate in great part as nitrate. But in some special cases, there was no evidence to justify the conclusion that the whole of the nitrogeu had been so derived; and it was admitted that some other explanation of the large amounts of nitrogen assimilated was needed. It is not improbable that, in those cases, the agency now under consideration contributed to the result. /. J. Willis, Harpen Orchid Notes and Gleanings, ORCHIDS AT CLARE LAWN, EAST SHEEN. Hi the twenty-six glass-houses devoted to fruit and tlowers in F. Wigan, Esq.'s garden at Richmond, nine are set apart for the Orchids, which are in the care of Mr. \V. 11. Young, who was formerly em- ployed at Kew. Among them at the present time are two specially attractive houses, and in which a varying display is kept up. The first, a rockery planted with Ferns and Palms, has a fine display of Cattleyas arranged among the overhanging foliage, many very fine Cattleya Mossiie being employed, as well as the varieties of C. Mendelii, C. Schroderss, C. Lawrenceana, and one or two of the latest flower- ing of the C. Triannss. With these appear the fine sprays of that handsome old species, Oncidium sphacelatum, some good Odontoglossum crispum, and 0. nebulosum ; several specimens of Cypride- dium Lawrenceanum, a finely flowered C. Swani- anum X , with large flowers ; some Lycaste Skinnerii, and L. cruenta, a large many-flowered specimen of Bifrenaria Harrisonirc, the curious Masdevallia ephippium, Vanda tricolor, Dendrobium Jamesi- anum, D. thvrsiflorum, and other species, the droop- ing sprays of Odontoglossum citrosmum, the clear yellow Cattleya citrina, and the elegant old Den- drobium Pierardii hanging overhead, the whole forming an example of effective arrangement. In the Phalrcnopsis-house, the other show-house referred to, was a good display of blooms on a really healthy and thriving collection of these handsome Orchids, which so many fail to grow successfully. A plain gravel walk, aud uupaved basement, which some believe to be essential to these plants, are to be found in the house ; and on the side and end are ornamental rockeries of Tufa planted with Fittouias, Tradescantias, aud plants of similar nature (the Phahenopsis being suspended overhead), carrying out the idea, advanced by many, that the presence of other healthy Vegetation is advantageous to the Phalrcnopsis. Be that as it may, it is certain that the Clare Lawn Phaheuoptis succeed beyond some others that we have seen. Some magnificent forms of Phalrenopsis Luddeinanniannm, P. Sanderiana, and P. grandiflora, were in bloom, and P. leucorrhoda and P. Cynthia were in bud. Other handsomely- flowered plants in this house were Thrixspermum Berkleyi, Saccolabium curvifolium, S ampullaceum, Angrrecum Sanderianum ; and in bud was a splendid example of A. Ellisii with about a dozen leaves. In the same house was a collection of Cypripediums, many of them in flower. The Cattleya-house, recently overhauled and rearranged, had a good show of the varieties of Cattleya Mendelii, a plant or two of C. Skinnerii, Lielia mujalis in bud in several plants, one with six flowers ; C. Schilleriana, Platyclinis filiformis, with about fifty spikes coming on ; Lrclia monopbylla, a small and lovely gem, which possesses five spikes of its bright scarlet flowers yet to open ; many Odonto- glossum citrosmum that are fully open, and other species of the intermediate-house. In the collection of Cypripediums were in bloom good specimens of C. bellatulum, C. GodefroyjE, and others of that group ; also C. Druryii, C. lrevigatum, C. hirsutissi- mum ; some grand C. ciliolare ; C. Curtisii, C. superbiens, C. DominianumX, C. conchiferumX , and several varieties of C. longifolium. In bloom or bud in other houses were plants of Cymbidium Lowianum, Diacrinm bicornutnm, Vanda teres with ten spikes, some good Miltonia vexillaria, Tricho- pilia suavis, Masdevallias, and other cool-house Orchids. The collection of Orchids now under Mr. Young's care will doubtless show further improvement as time goes on. ODONTOQXOSSUSt X WlLCKSANOM, Scflk f. The hybrids between Odontoglossum luteo-pur- pureum and 0. crispum. known in gardens under the above name, are becoming rather numerous, and it is interesting to observe the variation in colour they present. In some, as in the original form, the colour of 0. luteo-purpureum preponderates, while in others, as in Wilckeanum pallens, the balance is in favour of the other parent. They are all, however, tolerably intermediate in form, and for this reason are easily recognised. A fine raceme just received from E. Harvey, Esq., of Aigburth, near Liverpool, for determination, is almost exactly the form figured in Warner's Select Orchidaceous Plants, ser. iii , t. 23, and very well represents the original form. The plant which was certificated by the Royal Horti- cultural Society, on April 8, 1884, as Odontoglossum Shuttleworthii, now in the possession of Erastus Corning, Esq., of Albany, U.S.A., and from whom flowers have recently been received at Kew for pre- servation, is also a natural hybrid between the same two species, and very closely approaches 0. Wilcke- anum pallens, as well figured in the Orchid Album, t. 201. 0. Wilckeanum sulphureum is, perhaps, about intermediate in colour. All the forms arc very handsome garden plants. B. A. Holfe. CyPBIPEDK'M LEMOINIERANCM X. A cross of uncertain origin, but it belongs to the Sedeni group. It was raised by M. R. Lemoinier, of Lille, aud obtained the prize at the last Ghent Quinquennial for a new seedling. Mr. Sander grows these hybrids in rich loam and peat, gives abun- dance of water in the growing season, and a smaller quantity during the winter. The stages should always be kept moist. Temperature 60° to G;>° in winter, rising 10° in summer. Beichenbachia, t. 80. Catasetoji pileatom. According to an article in Eeichenbachia, accom- panying t. 90, this magnificent plant is the same as that subsequently described by Mr. N. E. Brown as C. Bungerothi. They require, says Mr. Sander, to be grown in a warm moist house in a compost of fibrous peat and chopped sphagnum. Baskets are most suitable, which should be hung near the glass, shading from the direct rays of the sun. Water sparingly at first, gradually increasing the quantity as the growths develop, and again diminish the quantity as the flowers appear. Temperature in winter, 55°, with a rest of two to three months, in which no water at all should be given, May if, 1890. J Tin-: GAtlbBitBRS* CM&ONIGLE. 611 DECORATIVE WILD FLOWERS OF MALTA. Malta is noted for its numeious flowers, many of which are brought in large quantities into Valletta in their various periods of blossoming, for decorative purposes. The following are the most important from the point of view now considered : — Acanthus mollis and spinosus. — This occurs in many of the rocky valleys. The form of the leaf is familiar to the reader as it is carved on the Corinthian capitals. It is often grown in wild parts of gardens, where its handsome leaves are very effective. Adii.i veneris. — This is the only Fern which is really common in caves and elsewhere in Malta. The usual method of cultivating it is on the outsides of globular earthern pitchers, which have two handles, the form being taken from the ancient Roman vessels. Clay is put on the outside, and the Fern roots bound upon it ; the plant readily establishes itself. The jar is kept full of water, which percolates through the jar, and so keeps the clay moist. The vessels are called " bombii." They are generallv suspended. (See p. 461, April 12, 1800.) autumnalit. — Many fields are sometimes almost scarlet in places where this plant grows; great quantities are sold in the streets. There is a variety called citrina, which has generally three yellow petals. It is a degraded form, and appears to be a reversion. O.'ange-coloured flowers are occasionally met with. lis. — The Bitter and Sweet Almonds are ranch grown, and bear profusely. Though not truly wild in Malta, the flowers, pink and white, are often cut for decorative purposes. A onaria. — The purple flowers of this species are dotted about the fields in many places ; a large bunch can soon be collected by jumping over the wall of a field, which have no gates, only loose stones piled up where the gate ought to be. There is no variation in the wild species, but it gives rise to many different colours under cultivation. It is grown in several gardens. Antirrhinum majut and siculus. — These two species are plentiful in certain places; the former abounds on the walls and rocks round the Orange groves of Boschetto, on the south side of the island. It is the ordinary purple form of our English gardens. A. siculus has a rather smaller flower, nearly white, with a little yellow and purple about it. It ii common in the forts of Valletta, and in some of the valleys. Arundo d >nax. — This handsome bamboo-like grass is indigenous, but also cultivated. The inflorescence is often cut for halls and passages, and is employed in union with Pampas-grass. The split stems are used for making market baskets. Atphodelut ramotta. — Thw is very abundant all over the island wherever rocks are exposed, and so prevent cultivation. The stems grow to 3 or 4 feet high, and have much-branching panicles of star-like white flowers, each petal being streaked down the middle. Aurantiacete. — Oranges, Lemons, and their kind being a staple commodity, the profusion of Orange blossoms at certain seasons, one need hardly sav, does not fail to supply some for decorative purposes. Calendula maritima and fulgida. — The commonest species of this genus is C. arvensis, which grows profusely by roadsides, hut the flowers arc not larger than that of a Daisy ; those of the two men- tioned are much larger, but, as they are not so common, they are not much used. C. offiainalil is more generally grown, and mostly has a somewhat deeper orange tint than in England. Ceratonia tiliqua.— The Carob, or St. John's bread, is the only tree of any abundance in Malta ; being much exposed, the trees grow low and assume a scrubby form. The leaves are used for strewing the floors of churches at the time of Festas. Chrysanthemum coronaria. — This is most abun- dant about the ditches of the forts of Valletta and elsewhere. In some inaccessible enclosures it forms a perfect sheet of yellow, and is much gathered for sale. There is a variety with about half the corolla white, going a pale rose on the circumference. Crataegus A^arolns — Several trees of small size occur in the valleys, the foliage is tomentose, but the bunches of flowers are very like our " May :" the fruit is very large, and eaten by the peasants. Being rare, it is seldom seen. I have gathered it in quantities from one valley. Dij>lota.iis erucoides. — This white crucvfer is one of the most abundant of plants, the slopes outside the forts being a sheet of white in December. It is also very abundant in the fields. Bunches are occa- sionally brought for decorative purposes in the winter. Erica peduncularis. — This is the only Heath in Malta, and is abundant in the rocky parts. It varies in tint from pale pink to cerise. Men and boys collect it in sacks, and bring it to Valletta, where it is sold in the streets. Fcdia cornucopia. — This herb has bright crimson flowers ; it occurs in waste places, barren rocky ground, and in fields. It, is collected and sold. Ferula communis.— This plant is common, and bears large decomposed leaves like Fennel (which also grows wild in many places), though the ulti- mate divisions are not so fine; the foliage is used for decorating the " carozzi." or " cabs," during the carnival. -This species is very abundant as a "corn-field weed. O. communis is also in the island, but is less com- mon. Large quantities are sold. on.— This is called "Sulla," or Maltese Clover, and is cultivated for making " hay ; " when in full flower little else than a crimson sheet is seen in the fields. • .—This is very abun- dant in fields, the terminal barren blue corymb— the origin of the feathery process in the cultivated form —is not ineffective with the dark purple bells below. ' —Though not usually recognised as a wild flower of Malta, I found it far away from the haunts of man in a deep rocky valley. In Mr. Harry's garden it changes from purple to white, ami much resembles I. florentina. Matthiola incana.— The Brompton Stock is abun- dant in the rocks, fortifications and elsewhere near the sea. It is usually purple, but a variegat-d variety, striped witli purple ami white, grows on the rocks of the fort just outside Valletta, li >th kinds as well as white and the double forms, are cultivated for sale. • Ta > This is extremely abundant i n all rocky ground. Great quantities are collected bj boys, and brought to the florists in Valletta. The usual form has a thick short stem and numerous flowers ; another form has slender and longer stems and fewer flowers. ' damascena. — Our old-fashioned garden flower, " Love in a Mist," here grown wild in the fields. Ophryi mid Orchis. — There are four or five common species of each of th >se genera. I have personally gathered many bunches of Ophrys fusca and O. bom- byliflora, as well as Orchis saccata, 0. tridentata, O. pyramidalis, and O. undulatifolia. They are not, collected, however, for sale. Oxalis cernica.—Tlvs so-called "English weed," introduced from the Cape of Good Hope by Prof. Giacinto in 1811 for the botanic garden, has become the greatest pest in Malta, though its golden-yellow flowers brighten up every field, wayside, tops of walls, crannies, &c , where it vies with the ubiquitous Pellitory. It is disappointing, for though a nosegay looks well for half-an-hour, the petals then roll themselves up, and they never open again. Pancratium mariti mm. — This handsome plant produces long leaves, sometimes nearly a van! in length, and broad in proportion, and is grown in large pots in passages, halls, &c, for decoration. Phlomis fruticosa.—Thia shrub, with whorls of orange-coloured flowers, would doubtless be more sought for if it were commoner. It only grows abundantly in one valley. It is called " Jerusalem Sage." Ph rni.v dactylifera. — The Da'.e will not ripen in Malta, so that it is not cultivated. Here and there one sees a tall, solitary tree, a relic of a byegone time. Only the foliage is sometimes used at festas. Res Iia'hx. — This Mignonette is most abundant in fields, and is often gathered with the Adonis. It has a slight perfume, the corolla being white, and larger than iu R. odorata, making the flowers more conspicuous. Rosmarinus officinalis. — Large bushes of Rosemary grow in several rocky places ; in one I found a pure white variety. Salvia officinalis. — This accompanies the Rosemary in some valleys. Neither plants, however, are much collected. Scil/a sicula. — This has several varieties of colour, from white to deep blue. The latter form is culti- vated, and the size of the umbels enlarged. Mr. Harry has splendid examples in his garden. s pervivum arborcum. — Though a true Sicilian plant, like almost all the Maltese plants, it is re- garded as not having been introduced. It produces large golden trusses, which are often used. Silenc sericca. — This closely resembles in general appearance our cultivated S. pendula, also a native but not common. The former is as abundant as Daisies, waste ground being perfectly red with it. It is not collected for sale, but is often gathered for rooms. Tordyliumapulum. — This common umbpllifer has large white flowers on the circumference of the umbel, like the wild Gueldre Rose. It is collected somewhat largely for sale. Tritioun sativum. — Wheat grown in saucers, Its,, till the germinating plants were several inches iu growth, is much used as decoration at Christmas. Tulipa sylvestrit. — This is abundant in one parti- cular valley ; but nowhere else at the present time. It resembles our English form. Cultivated, it gives rise to several varieties. Urginea scilla.— The medicinal squills is extremely aband int on all rocky parts of the island. It, is ex- ported to England and elsewhere; and is often dug up, the bulb stripped of a few outer scales, and then put in vessels of water fir temporary decorations as on hotel dinner-tables. G. II nslow. SOME NOTES FROM STONE- LEIGH ABBEY. Tins is a well-known place in Warwickshire, the residence of Lord Leigh. The kitchen gardens are amongst the finest in the country, extensive, sur- rounded by excellent walls covered with fine well- trained Peaches, Pears, Apricots, and other fruits, one of them with nine large trees of Cox's Golden Drop Plum. One long wall is planted with cordon Pears and Apples, another with Apricots, and others again with large fruiting Tear trees in line condition. One of the sights of Stoneleigh is a north wall, GO feet long and 10 feet high, covered with Gooseberry trees trained as erect single cordons, and standing I) inches apart. These cordon Gooseberries are closely spurred in and bear fine crops of fruit, the variety mostly grown being the old Ashlon or War- rington. On the opposite side of the walk, at the back of the herbaceous border, is a trellis 5 to 0 feet high, and 50 yards long, planted with erect cordon Goose- berries about 8 inches apart. There is a flat even surface on both sides. Such a fence of small fruits is of easy protection from birds — when birds make protection necessary — and is, moreover, a great economy of space. A trellis of similar length in another garden is planted in the same manner. High class culti- vation is followed out at Stoneleigh, and apropos of vegetables in season, and Mr. IWdard, the head gardener, speaks very highly of the lily-white Sea- kale, which is extensively grown there, although it is not so easily forced as the ordinti-y variety. Largo •612 THE GAB DENE I? S' CHIWNICLE. [May 17, 1800. crowns were now being cut (April) from a bed covered with a moderate thickness of slable litter. The glass structures, of which there are many, are put to the various purposes of growing decorative plants, and supplying large quantities of cut flowers. In the Strawberry house, once a Pine stove, Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury was in full bearing. The River Avon, which flows on towards Strat- ford-on-Aron, broadens out at the lower part of the pleasure-grounds, and there is richly-wooded scenery in the background. In a corner of the pleasure- ground is a spacious summer arbour with open sides, from which a charming view across the river is obtained, and from this structure branch out two long Ivy-covered walks of singular beauty, the Ivy being trained up the sides and over the top of a trellis of iron. Visitors to the garden should not miss seeing these remarkable Ivy bowers, as they are called. Clusters of St. Bridget's Anemones in some of the beds were in full beauty at the time of my visit, and very gorgeous they looked. Stoneleigh is easily reached from Leamington, Warwick, or Kenilworth, and Mr. Beddard is glad to see a gardener, and will always show him everything that is of interest in the gardens. D. S. H. deal of, is a perfectly distinct foliaged Straw- late Strawberries, there is some conflict of opinion, berry ; while La Monstrous and Monstrosity are both Many gardeners boldly assert that Omega and show-in0, admirably. I may also mention two seed- Helena are one and the same variety ; permit me to ZENOBIA SPECIOSA VAR. PUL- VERULENT A. Under this name we have a plant from North Carolina, growing in swampy places, which everyone should grow. It is of dwarf habit, with leathery ovate leaves, covered with a glaucous bloom, and in the young state often flushed with pink. The flowers are borne in racemes (fig. 100), and bear some resemblance to those of the Lily of the Valley. The forms, Z. speciosa, and Z. s. nitida, have green leaves, but the variety here figured is much superior in every way. The genus Zenobia is so close to Andromeda, that it is a matter of surprise that it Bhould be retained. The differences as given by Bentham and Hooker reside in the corolla, which is bell-shaped in Zeno- bia, and globose urceolate in Andromeda ; in the anthers, which are prolonged into long tubes in Zenobia, whilst they are blunt in Andromeda. The seeds of the former are cubical, and those of the latter compressed. It likes a peaty or light loamy soil, and is readily increased by layers. STRAWBERRIES. I notice in last week's issue of the Gardeners' Chronicle, that Mr. Barham speaks highly of L;ixton's Noble. I have forced it, and have no fault to find but one, and that is, the flavour is not up to my standard, and I look upon flavour as the all-important point in a Strawberry, or any other fruit. Permit me to give the readers of the Gardeners' Chronicle a short resume of some of the best varieties. Taking Mr. Laxton's three varieties — Noble, A. F. Barron, and Commander— to start with, I have no hesitation in saying that Noble, as an early Strawberry outside, leads the way, its large size and imposing appearance rendering it unique. A. F. Barron, for looks, surpasses any other Strawberry of my knowledge ; the flavour, when well ripened, I admit to the full, is tart, but still most refreshing; A. F. Barron is a cross between Sir Charles Napier and Sir Joseph Paxton, so that its parentage may be thought to be almost perfect. These two kinds do really well with us ; they are great croppers and good setters. Commander has not been a success, but the few fruits that we have had are of a good colour, and the flavour is absolutely British Queen itself. We are this year trying a number of varieties, both in. pots and otherwise, but I give the palm to Auguste Nicaise ; it is just now beautifully set indoors, and the large hearts, full of blossom, give very good promise. Outside, Crown Prince, which I think a great PS ii Fig. 100.— zenobia speciosa : flowers white. lings, Cosmopolitan and the Chief Secretary, which say they are nothing of the kind. I grew Helena also look as though they meant good business. thirty years ago, but Omega I never saw before Touching what I may term £ s. d., which means coming here, and both foliage and fruit are quite May 17, 1890.] THE GARD E N E !,' S' C 111! OX I f'L E. 613 different, and if opportunity offers, I shall exhibit both varieties this year in London. T look upon Omega as the best late Strawberry, unless Latest of All should supersede it ; but this, all being well, I shall find out this season, — it gets a good name from a great man. Two others that are very little behind these are, Jubilee (Laxton's), and Lovell's Late Pine, both of which do well here. It is said by many that we have too many varieties of Strawberries, but it must be remembered that some kinds do well at certain places, while in others they are, compara- tively speaking, useless. I may instance that BATTLE OF THE PASTUliES. The Eye-grass question seems to be far from settled, even now, and many important facts are continually being brought forward. The most recent is a pamphlet just issued by Prof. W. Fream. On. the. Botanical Constitution of Certain Pastures Laid Down ' Bye- grass. It appears that Colonel G. W. Raikes had stated, in a discussion at the Surveyors' Institute, on Man'h 1. L889, " I'pon the Rye-grass (Question," that he had laid down manv hundreds of acres of land with At the suggestion of Prof. Fream, blocks of turf from two of these pastures were furnished to him by Colonel Raikes, and during the past season he has periodically inspected, and noted every siiecies of plaut which grew upon them as they became recog- nisable. In July the crop upon each area was mown, and subjected to a careful botanical analysis. The results demonstrated in a remarkable degree the fact that about one-fourth of the herbage of Mo. 1 pasture consisted of Rye-grass, and that consi- derably over one-half of the herbage of No. 2 pasture was made up of the same species. From which is 1 "1.— EXOCIIORDA. linAXDIFI.on.V: FLOWEBS WHITE, grand Strawberry, Sir Joseph l'axton, which almost refuses to grow with Mr. Laxton, and here, upon real good Strawberry land, it does fairly well ; while at Uppingham, 10 miles from here, it does really well. In conclusion, I would say that there is nothing like introducing Iresh blood among the Strawberries. I am sure one dozen plants of Sir J. Paxton I had from Mr. Lovell taught me that if you wish to excel in Strawberry growing. " introduce new blood." The thousands of plants sold in a season tell me only too plainly that the majority of Strawberry growers do what I advise. B. Gilbert, tSnrghley. grass in the last ten years, but in several of which he had left Rye-grass altogether out of his mixtures ; and that those pastures which had been sown with- out Rye-grass had overtaken and surpassed others sown before them with Rye-grass, on similar land. In replying to this statement, Prof. Fream said he was strongly of opinion that, even on pastures in which Rye-grass seed was not included in the mix- tures with which they were laid down, Rye-grass would nevertheless be found, and that he believed, in a great many cases where it was thought that there was no Rye-grass at all on the land, careful examination would reveal its presence. inferred that No. 2 pasture contained from twice to three times as much Rye-grass as Cock's-foot, and showed that the six-year old pastures of which Colonel spoke in high terms, contains a larger quantity of Bye-grass than of any other species, J.J. Willis, Harpenden. EXOCHORDA GRANDIFLORA. Tins little known but beautiful Chinese shrub, mentioned favourably by our correspondent, " E. M.," p. 582, in our last issue, and by Mr. Van Volxem in the present one, was originally described 614 THE GAB DENE US' OH BON I CLE. [May 17, 1890, in these columns by Lindley, in 1858, p. 925, and bus since been figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 4795. It forms a bush 3 or 4 feet high, with slender, erect, or spreading branches, and thin glabrous leaves. The snow-white flowers are arranged in racemes along the ends of the branches, each about 1.1 inches in diameter, nith five orbicular petals. It was introduced by Fortune from Northern China, and has proved hardy in this country. The flowers shown in our illustration (fig. 101) are much smaller than the average. It was well shown as cut specimens from Kew at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. It is propagated by suckers or layers, and "ill thrive in any good Cultural Memoranda, WALLFLOWERS. These should be raised early and given a long season of growth, so as to allow of full development and time for the shoots to get thoroughly ripened by lifting time. Harbinger is a very early flowerer, but there are many others which are excellent also for various purposes, that anv selection made by me would not be of much use. The seed should be sewn at once on well prepared beds in an open position, treading the soil to moderate firmness before sowing. The drills may be made at G inches apart, and when the plants are large enough to be thinned, pricking off at 6 inches apart into nursery beds those which are pulled up, and the strong growing varieties at wider distances. The plants need plenty of water in dry weather, and occasionally, manure-water also. H. Narkham. Tansies. Plants raised from seed sown in pans in heat, and subsequently pricked off into boxes, will ere this be strong and fit to plant out in the open. Give the bed a good dressing of manure and a deep digging. The finest blooms I ever grew were on a bed that had been manured with cow-dung, this having been put 6 inches under the surface of the bed. The Boil was trodden firm and planted. A little soot- water will be found a capital fertiliser, and it gives the foliage a healthy dark green colour. H. M. Trees and Shrubs. BERBERIS STENOPHYLLA. It seems impossible to say too much in praise of this charming spring-flowering shrub. A reputed hybrid, it would be interesting to know how it originated, and to whom we are indebted for the introduction of such a beautiful subject to English gardens. It is one of the features in the pleasure- grounds at Gunnersbury Park, where it is to be found forming large beds, the branches laden with flowers of a bright yellow colour, produced in small pendulous racemes springing from each of the leafy tufts, and exceedingly numerous. I have a plant of it growing against a west wall in my forecourt garden, on a spot where but little sun falls, and in a soil that tends to starve rather than nourish the plant ; the growth is somewhat slow, but each spring it heaps up its racemes of blossoms in happy plen- teousness. Whether from the weight of the flowers, or from a natural tendency to take this form, the branches become arched and pendulous, which adds to its attractiveness as a decorative shrub. It does not appear to be very particular as to the matter of soil or situation, and, judging from my own expe- rience of it, it is as hardy as a shrub can well be. B. dnlcis is also a very pretty early- flowering* species, and very free of bloom. I am not quite sure if it is as hardy as B. stenophylla. 15. Darwinii completes a tiio of beautiful shrubs well worthy of general cultivation. This also flowers in racemes, and they are yellow, tinged with red, abundantly produced, and verv ornamental; it is later in flowering, and makes a splendid group. I think this subject should be more employed in form- ing hedgerows in gardens ; beauty and utility would thus be combined. For a spray of bloom, see p. G19, fig. 103. The late Mr. A. Mongredien, in his book on Trees and Shrubs for English Plantations, pointed out as well worthy of notice the fact that "a large proportion of the known species of Berberis are natives of that barren and inhospitable land which, on either side, coasts the Straits of Magellan. In that region of cloud and wind, the flora is very poor in number of species generally, but wealthy beyond all other localities in species of Berberis. This singular fact cannot arise out of climatic influences alone, as the species of Berberis indi- genous to that region thrive vigorously when trans- planted into England, nor can it be owing to local hybridisation, as the species are all sufficiently distinct." /,'. 1). ExOCHORDAS AND PlEBOCARYAS. There is another species of E.tochorda besides E. grandiflora, E. Albert (Regel), from Central Asia, which was in the trade as early as 188G at least, and may be found in good contiuental nurseries at Is. Gd. per plant. The old species is perfectly hardy here, and flowers very freely when of a sufficient size and left to itself, but it is never a neat and compact bush. It attains a height of G or 7 feet. Mr. G. Wythes is right as to natural station of Pterocarya caucasica ; I found it wild in marshes at the foot of the southern slope of the Caucasus, along the river Alazon, near Lagodechi. A little higher up, in less humid soil, are extensive natural forests of Juglaus regia. This common origin explains why both are so liable to be injured by late frosts, although quite hardy in winter. There is a fact ascertained lately by myself which I cannot explain, and which is quite unique so far as I know. In the same soil and position, this tree grows either as a large bush 23 to 30 feet high, or as large as a fine Elm, with a high and clean bole. Both forms are entirely mixed up with each other without any intermediary forms, and are perfectly similar in foliage. I propagate it always by layers, which strike very easily, and make much sooner marketable trees than seedlings possibly could do. I never had fertile nuts on my trees, but they can be got sometimes at Erfurt (good or not, I cannot say), at 7s. per lb. I have in my nurseries four species of the genus as distinct as possible, and perfectly hardy — P. caucasica, P. laevigata, serrated shiny leaves ; P. japonica, and P. sinensis, downy leaves. • /. van Vblxem, Perch Nurseries, Brussels. Spaetiom junckum. The Spanish Broom is very showy just now in shrubberies, and on rcckeries near the water, which it overhangs in a graceful manner, reflecting its beauty in the water. It has a strong perfume, yet not of the sweetest ; the growth is exceedingly quick, vigorous shoots being formed every year, which never fail to bloom abundantly. As a water- side plant, this pale yellow-flowered shrub is much appreciated. E. M. Peunos Pissardi. Some mention was made a short time ago of this beautiful shrub. We find it is most useful for cutting, very graceful withal, and good for early floweriug, it being about the first to open its flowers. Another fact worth recording is, that it maintains the beautiful purple tint longer in the autumn than any other purple-leaved plant. It will grow in any soil that is in good heart, and in any position, and does remarkaby well upon a northern slope, as at this place. W. A. Cool;, Campion Bassett. The evaporating troughs should be kept tilled ; syringing and damping down frequently to correct injurious dryness. Plenty of moisture should be thrown about at closing time, and again later in the evening, with the view of checking the advance of thrips and red-spider. Allamandas in pots, Bou- gainvilleas that were started early, and other strong growers will have filled their pots with roots, and begun to flower, at this stage weak liquid-manure should be given them, and the shoots should be trained to the trellis ; the Allamandas being kept dry twenty-four hours before beginning to train the shoots. Clerodendrons, as they come into bloom, should be put into a drier and cooler house, so as to prolong the bloom, but still keeping the plants well supplied with water, and all decayed flowers re- moved. Anthuriums that are full oi' spathes should be similarly treated, and put into an intermediate- house for a short time. Gloxinias in bloom may be placed in a cooler and drier house to prolong their season of bloom. Crotons will now take copious supplies of water and weak liquid manure, and any ties or sticks required should be attended to before the foliage gets far advanced, and abundant syring- ing resorted to in fine weather, wetting every part of the plant. Palms should be assisted with manure- water, &c, to give the new leaves strength, espe- cially those of them that are not often repotted. Dracaenas, Aralias, and similar plants, that have filled their pots with roots, may be repotted if intended to be grown into large specimens. Draca'iias soon get disfigured if the foliage be not kept clean, and frequent sponging is necessary to keep them in good condition. When full of roots, daily syringing is necessary. The ornamental-leafed Begonias may now be repotted, dividing the roots if stock be required and for a short time after doing this, the plants ought to be kept close, watering them carefully till new growth is made. These are useful decorative plants, and easily grown in smallish pots. Begonias strike readily from the old leaves, and soon make useful plants. The stock of autumn-blooming Begonias may now be transferred from the cutting pots into Gil's if they have been propagated as advised in a previous calendar, placing them when potted in an intermediate house. These species of Begonia, if overwatered when short of roots or in a young state, soon show signs of distress, and some degree of care is required iu managing them. Most of the plants for the autumn bloom, as Plumbago rosea, Libonias, Justicias, Lasiandra macrantha. and Eranthemums, need similar treatment to the Begonia. A good supply of Poinsettias should now be secured, and the old plants which have been kept dry should be placed in an intermediate house for fur- nishing cuttings, and if placed on shelves short sturdy cuttings will be obtained. Take these off with a heel when from 2 to 3 inches long. When sufficient stock has been secured, the best of them may be cut hard back, and when they break, shaken out, repotted and grown on for early bloom. A few pots of Euphorbia jacquimefiora propagated now, by putting three cuttings round the side of a 60 pot, and once repotting the whole potful later on, will make nice decorative objects; they should be pinched two or three times whilst growing freely. All species of plants which were struck early and require a shift should be attended to. Thrysacanthus rutilans should be secured, for it is a charming winter decorative plant. The useful Epiphyllum truncatum will now be growing freely, and should get weak liquid manure frequently ; these plants do well on shelves near the light, with free circulation of air. Any repotting required by them should be attended to in the case of small plants, keeping them closer for a few days afterwards. Geo. Wythes, Syon House, Brentford. Plants and Their Culture. Tde Inmates of the Stove. — Closer attention will now be necessary in shading and ventilating, the sun having got powerful, though in May we often get cold winds, which require that airing should be carefully done, always doing it by the ventilators at the top of the house, thus avoiding cold currents, The Orchid Houses. East Indian Orchids. — In a previous Calendar, I promised to report at a later date on the effect of keeping Vanda Hookeriana in the warmest bouse during the winter months, and not allowing it to remain dry for any considerable time together, as it is usually treated. I am glad I tried the experi- ment, for my plants are now sending out spikes in a very satisfactory manner, and more freely than does Vanda teres when subjected to the same "treatment. Phaius (Thunia) Marshalliana will now be pass- ing out of flower. It is a handsome Orchid when well done, and it is one that is, in too many cases, put away in any corner to take its chance as soon as it has flowered, Nothing can be worse for the May 17, 1890.] THE QA HUES E R S ' OH R ON ICL E. 611 plants, as it should receive regular attention in watering, in supplying it with liquid manure once a week, and thorough springing ot the under side of the foliage at least twice a day, thrips being its great enemies. It should not be taken to rest in a cooler house before the foliage begins to fall natur- ally from the lower part of the new pseudobulbs. Phatenopsis speciosa in flower now is well worthy the attention of lovers of Moth Orchids, coming in as it does when there is little else than P. Luddi- manniana in flower, and to which species it is nearly allied, although sufficiently distinct to be desirable. All opportunities should be seized to go over the tt< ck ol PhaUenopsis with a sponge and solt-soapy water. This is of great benefit to these plants ; and H dewing overhead with the syringe may be given them every tine morning and afternoon. tya Sanderiaim showing or sending up flower- sheaths should be at once repotted, it this was not done last year. If tbe proper time fordoing this work is neglected, it will probably take two vfars for the plant to regain health. Dendrobium McCar- thie, now sending up flowering-spikes, should have as light a position a* possible, and should not be allowed to become too dry. Contrariwise, I) Ben- BOnice should receive no water whatever until the plant has passed the flowering stage, and the young growths are some :; inches in length. I), "cam- bridgeanum should receive copious supplies of water, and be kept at the warmer part of the bouse, so that the pant may be induced to form stout, plump pseudobulbs at an early period. If these plants are not finished up read; for taking out to their resting quarters by the middle of June, the chances are that the Bower of the following year will be small. Fumigate each house with tobacco, with the excep- tion of that containing tbe Odontoglossums. The foliage of the plants should not be wet when fumi- gation is done, but a humid and buoyant atmo- sphere should be maintained in the houses, and the temperature kept up to 70D at night. A. G. Catt, Parifieid, H orcetter. the superiority of their growth in summer. D, ft Powell, Fowderham Castle, Devon. The Flower Garden. Tub Occupants of Flower-beds.— The next few weeks will be a busy time in the flower-garden, the removal of most of the spring bedding plants, even if they are still in perfection, demanding attention. As a rule, summer bedding is the more important, and therefore late spring-blooming plants must be taken up, any delay after the proper time for plant- ing causing a lessening in effectiveness in the summer beds, and shortening the duration of bloom. In the mixed herbaceous anil shrubbery borders, on the contrary, they may he allowed to finish flowering. The bulbs of Hyacinths, Crocuses, Tulips, Nar- cissus, if their foliage is already decaying, may be dug up, and spread out in an airy place to ripen oil', but those «ith foliage still green should be hud in in the reserve garden until the I iliage is ripi io, in iv be taken up, dried, and stored a.vay for use attain in the autumn. In southern and other favourable localities, all the better hardened-off bedding plants, as Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, Pyrethrums, ( lentaun as, Aaters, Stocks, &c.| may be planted out, thus facilitating the harJen- ing-offof Coleus, Iresine, and other tender things, including some of the plants employed in subtropical gardening. Annuals that were early sown should be thinned, if si. iinling too thickly, in beds and patches, and suc- cessional sowings made of Mignonette. Sweet, Peas, Asters, Coreopsis, Godetias, and specially of flowers used for cutting. Ornamental grasses which may have been raised in pots, may, when hardened-off, be somewhat divided into separate bunches with soil attached, and planted at suitable distances apart in fairly good soil. These grasses are extremely useful tor bouquets, &c. The last of the Gladioli (bould now be planted. The ground-work of hardy plants in carpet-beds may be planted. Subtropical beds should, as a rule, be richly manured and deeply dug, to ensure strong growth and handsome fully-developed foliage. Toe hardiest species of now be planted, a'sn edgings ol Cen- taurea, Cineraria, Ceraatium, Chamaipeuce, Sedums, &e. Any species of plants which it is at preseut unsafe to plant, but may be getting pot-bound, should be shifted into larger pots, so as to prevent any check for want of root-space. Nothing is gained by starving these strong-growing plants, and attention given them at this season is well repaid by Fruits Under Glass. Trees in Ohch»rd-hocs?s — U'here the fruit is stoning or seed forming, trees mast be patiently dealt with, this stage being a critical one. Expose the fruit to the sunlight, make a final thinning of I he same, removing all deformed and undersized ones, and those situated at the base 0' the branches or in the centre of the bushes. Ti.es in pots should be examined twice daily, and if they ring "dry," thorough Boakings of clear water, and occa of liqiid m mure should be if ?.-.! ; ii the plunged in soil or other material, much watering will be saved. Syringe the trees morning and after- noon with soft water, and beware of there being lime or other substance in the water that would disfigure the fruit or coat, the foliage. Stop gross Bho its and remove superfluous and weakly spurs. Search the curled leaves for caterpillar Ian ;: on Plums, I Pears, and Apples, and ventilate freely, but avoid a current of cold air, and maintain a buoyant air within the house. Thin very thick clus'.rs o< Cherries with the scissors, and do not over-crop. If aphis appear, fumigate with Tobacco-pap-r, or syringe with soft water and Calvert's carbolic soft- soap, at the rate of one quarter of an ounce to one gallon of water, or use tobacco-water at the rate of half a pint to three gallons of water, and follow the use of these insecticides with a douch from !' den-engine on the following morning. Plums require full ventilation to bring up the flavour. July Green Gage is one of the best earlies, although a trifle shy; liirke's, Jefferson's, and Early Prolific also do well in pots. Plum trees, planted out, should be well mulched with manure. Black Tartarian Cherry is one of the best Cherries, and does well under glass ; whilst Pears and Apples are so improved in appearance under glass as to be almost unrecognisable. Fig-houte. — Early Figs will now be rip°, and their flavour will be improved if the air be kept drier by means ol the heating apparatus, and top air left on at nights. Lose no opportunity between the ripening stages to syringe the trees on all sides, to rid them ol insects. Brown Turkey and Negro Largo are good ■ the latter musl have its root-run restricted, or it will not fruit well; shallow birders made very firm are essential for the certain fruiting of Figs, abundance of water being all" irded the trees whilst growing. If this year's shoots have grown well, the second crop of Figs now appearing will require to bo thinned soon, the object being to encourage growth and fruits in t he embryo stage up to the end of the month of September, in readiness for the n-xt Beacon, Figs are surface feeders, and pay fbrgener us suppliei of liquid manure. H '.' Court. The Hardy Fruit Garden. The coverings over fruit trees on walls may now be removed, but it is well to keep them handy, and all temporary coverings should remain for some time longer, as sometimes a sharp frost happens on or about the 20th of this month. Peaches and Nectarines have seldom, perhaps, set their fruit so freely, and broken away more satis- factorily than this year. Wash the trees after the fruit is safe with the garden engine and clean water, and have the usual insecticides ready for application to any pait of a tree that is infested with aphis. Disbudding will require constant attention, and must be done according to aspect and situation. In warm sheltered gardens, Peaches and Nectarines will now require a final disbudding, but in others more exposed this final disbudding will be later. Little and often i* the rub- in disbudding, removing fore- right growths firsf also some of the weakei fruits from the shoots. The usual mode of trai trees against a south wall, "r within a tew i the glass coping or roof, no that every leaf is , x wised to the sun is a trying nnsitinn, and unless a hheral supply of water is afforded the roots, and heavy syringing is adopted, insects will soon become abnndant on them, aud trees heavily cropped will ripen their fruit prematurely if they do not cast many when stoning. The condition of the borders should be ascertained, and water given accordingly. blistered foliage must be pinched oil', and as the shoots advance in growth all traces of it will diss appear. Gooseberries — A sharp watch must, now he k°pt for the Gooseberry caterpillar. In our locality in- sects of nearly a'l kinds are plentiful eno.iifh. and I he trees „re n u - n , I Iv ,!-„ ml- ,1 of , I, ir f. , , . ., th°m. By watehing carefully f.,T th-ir first anoear- ai"-e and dusfng lip bush - mh r>n vdeivd liin^-m effectual remedy, the fieillCPi nilV ll- Washed off later with rhe engine or hose. S'range as it, may apnear. the bushes which Hie .•■v,--d wot, fixed netting have not, su"rF-r ' I Pa'»rpillar for «o,,,p veans oast, and not a trap- n\ ii , . |„ Eximine Cherries and Poms, and d strnv the at the p lints of the shoots. a..d the trees with gnat-suds or h i on the lir" B.PP ■ »noi| ,1 - s the x, in g -h .1, , ,,o„, ,...rv v(l,irf work of the crop. Our orchards are surrottm'-d with Oik p antations, and I fear the Apple crop will be a poor one this year, the Oaks being already- covered with caterpillars, and if the fruit trees were cleared several times of the pests, they would still be eaten up by them; they may be "seen letting themselves down from the Oaks by a thread, and others blowing about for some distance, ultimately aliL'htin^ on the fruit trees. Orchards in Hampshire do not suffer so much, owing to there being fewer Oik woods, and the orchards more open In the gardens I have had the tre s syringe i with sqap-su Is and p iraffi i, Iso \ a alum-water, and with fairlv good results- hipI I hope to tive London Purple a trial. I am sure some radical measures must he adopted to atnp (|ie ravages of these creatures. A. 1 The Kitchen Garden. Peas.— To keep up a plentiful supply of Peas till late in the autumn there should be at the least three more large sowings, and no better varieties than Ne plus Ultra, British Queen, and Veitch's Sturdy, can he selected for the purpose. These, if sown on Msv 20th, SOrh, and the 10th of June, will in mo«* gardens keep up a supply of pnds till cur down b\ frost. Plenty of manure should be put |„ the trenches i I„ f, , r these crops, and as much aonpe n< possible he tw I the rows should b- secured for i lie tall km, Is. [f the soil be dry at the time of sowing, the trenches should be well soaked with water, and the seed msy also be immersed in water for two hours before sowing it. Potai Freely plv the hoe between the rows, and earth un the plants when the St.. ms are 8 inches high. Early varieties growing at the base nf warm yvalls will he i, h b- nelited if a few inches .if earth he put. over the root., and r/ ii an n sprinkl«-d i. ■ the rows wil I., f, I of use as a f rrd,.er. It -' mi'd he a plied in showery w a hi m4 m ii ,,9)_ May 23— Manchester (till 28th). MEETINGS. May 24— Limiean Society Anniversary. i Greenhouse ami Bedding PlaDts. WEDNESDAY. May 21 i at The Nurseries. High Street, / Watford, by Protheroe & Morris. i Store and Greenhouse Plants, at THURSDAY, May 22- Beddington Home, Croydon, by ( Protheroe & Morris. FRIDAY, May £3 i ImP°Zte?, and f st^blish.ed 0rch!ds- $ at Protheroe & Morris Rooms. / Greenhouse and Bedding Plants, at * the American Nurseries, Leyton- SATURDAY, May 24 < stone; also at St. John's Park j Nursery, Blackheath, bv Prothe- '. roe & Morris. CORRECTED AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE ENSU- ING WEEK, DEDUCED FROM THE OBSERVATIONS OF FORTY-THREE YEARS, AT CHISWICK.-B5° 9. In a communication to the Royal pfnt' ° Society, an abstract of which is published in the last number of the Proceedings, l'rofessor Marshall Ward discusses certain diseases of plants due to para- sitic fungi. In order to understand such diseases, and we must understand them before we can pretend to cure, or even palliate them, Mr. Ward points out that we have to learn ( 1), the life- history of the fungus; (2), the ways and life- habits of the affected plant ; (3), the influence of heat, light, moisture, &c, on parasite and on host-plant. Even then there is (4). an " unknown variable." in the internal changes going on in both the host and the parasite. Prac- tical gardeners are familiar with the climatal conditions which favour the spread of the Potato disease, and at one time they were too ready to attribute the disease in question to the weather, and especially to that mysterious influence known as electricity, which has or had for some minds, till it was displaced by " Bacteria," as great an attraction as the "blessed word Mesopotamia" had for others. It is truer doctrine that Professor Ward teaches when he says, that a low tempe- rature, feeble light, and a moisture-laden atmosphere render the plant less able to with- stand the inroads of a parasite, because its cell-walls are thinner and more watery, and the contents of the cell in a more unstable condition than under normal circumstances. Experiments have proved that such plants not only offer less resistance to the fungus threads, but the conditions above-mentioned cause the plant to abound in materials suitable for the fungus. Circumstances then are propitious to the growth of the fungus at the same time that they are injurious to the host-plant. One such fungus, common in greenhouses, causes a sort of ''rotten ripeness" in Grapes on the Rhine, and these mouldy Grapes are in some districts used to produce the finest wine, the explanation being that the diseased Grapes undergo remarkable changes, by which the pro- portion of acid is reduced, and the must of the Grapes rendered richer. The fungus attacks the plant by destroying first its cell-walls, and then its protoplasm, cell by cell. The destruction is effected by means of a poisonous secretion, which acts as a ferment, dissolves the cell-walls, and kills the protoplasm. So long as the protoplasm can resist the injurious agency exerted by the fungus, by oxidising the poison, or by other means, so long will the plant remain unaffected ; but, when once the poison sucoeeds in overcoming the resistance of the pro- toplasm, the battle is won, and the intruding fungus revels in the food provided for it. One point Mr. Ward specially insists on, and that is, that there is no mysterious predisposition to disease ; but that while, as before said, condi- tions are favourable to the fungus, they are prejudicial to the host-plant. " If we wanted," he concludes, "to cultivate the fungus in one greenhouse, and the host in another, we should endeavour to provide one set of conditions for the fungus, and another, and a very different set, for the host." Cultivators who have nit the opportunities nor the time to study for themselves the intri- cate details connected with the growth of para- sities, will be glad to have the general principles so clearly laid down. HARDY SHRUBS. — As previously announced, Mr. Goldbino, having just returned from India, where he is engaged in making a garden for the Gaekwar of Baroda, read a paper at the last meeting of the ltoyal Horticultural Society, on the employment ot flowering trees and shrubs ol a hardy nature for the embellishment of our parks and gardens. lie said, in commencing, that the title of his paper was scarcely a correct one, seeing that the flowering period of shrubs that bloom in the spring overlaps that of early summer, and so on, throughout the season. Much will always depend on season, position, and locality. The foreign element amongst our best shrubs was alluded to, and the lecturer very per- tinently pointed out how much poorer, and deficient in floral beauty, and wanting in in- terest our gardens would be if it were not for the exotics we plant in them, and in fact without these, we could not have fine gardens at all. It was to be regretted that the subject had been hitherto treated with neglect by employer and gardener, the result of which is that very few amongst us are so well acquainted with these plants as is desirable. He thought little advance had been made since Loudon's time, and inclined to the belief, rather, that we had in this respect retrograded. We had now to be taught what to plant and what to avoid. There was one class of the community which had not retrograded — the nurserymen. They saw a change was taking place in the ideas held concern- ing planting, and were preparing accordingly. He would recommend all who intended to plant some- thing better than the common things one saw in the generality of gardens, to pay visits to nurseries dealing in shrubs and trees at various periods in spring and early summer, and make selections at those times. Buyers would then know what they were getting, and would know better the habit of the plant, colour of flower and foliage, and obtain data of all kinds that would afterwards prove of value. Proper preparation of the soil was referred to as being an essential, if good- results were to be ob- tained, and thick planting was condemned— that is, of flowering shrubs themselves. The lecturer then went on to deal with the various species and varie- ties of shrubs and half trees, employing some of the specimens exhibited by the Director of Kew Gardens, Mr. G. Paul and others, to elucidate his remarks. At the finish, Mr. Nicholson, of Kew, in response to the request of the Chairman, Mr. G. Paul, supple- mented Mr. Goldrings remarks. As a finger-post, pointing the direction future planters should take, the paper has much value ; but so extensive a sub- ject needs fuller treatment than was possible in the time allowed. The various plants which are figured in our present issue were mentioned by the lecturer as being indispensable in gardens. Royal Horticultural Society.— His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has consented to open the Society's Great Slimmer Show of Orchids, Hoses, Azaleas, Bhododendons, Begonias, Palms, &c, which will be held, by the kind permission of the Treasurer and Benchers, in the Inner Temple Gardens, on Wednesday and Thursday, May 28 and 20. We understand that the catalogue of the show will take the form of a twenty-page octavo pamphlet, comprising — 1st, a short history of the Society ; 2nd, programmes of the music each day by the Band of II. M. Royal Horse Guards (Blues); 3rd, a list of exhibitors, and of their chief exhibits. But we are requested to state that no names, &c, can possibly be inserted in Xo. .'! unless they are received by Mr. Barrox, Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, Chiswick ; or at the Society's offices, 117, Victoria Street, on Saturday, May 24, at the latest. Ten thousand of these schedules are being printed. THE Rev. W. Wilks.— - The gardening world was startled last week by a statement in the pages of a con- temporary, to the effect that Mr. Wilks had resigned the honorary secretaryship of the Royal Horticultural Society, and we are now desired by that gentleman to contradict that statement. The report has, how- ever, somewhat more truth in it than have most reports, inasmuch as he is very anxious to find some one who will take -up the work. The Society may, he thinks, now be said to have turned the corner, and has, he hopes, seen its worst days. He feels, therefore, that he has done his duty by the Society, and that he should now retire, leaving its affairs in a far more satisfactory condition than he found them. A new era, too, is commencing with the prospect of a new hall for horticulture, and therefore it seems to him a most fitting time for a new shoulder to be put to the wheel. At the same time, though on many accounts he is very desirous of retiring into private horticultural life, he has not actually resigned, nor will he do so until a successor is forthcoming, unless more urgent reasons should arise than, he is glad to say, at present exist. As to having done his duty, we do but echo the feeling of all who know, when we most cordially and gratefully acknowledge that he has done so to the utmost — that to a very large extent the improved position and prospects of the Society are due to him, and we trust it will be long before the Society loses the services of one who has made himself so essential to it. The Floral Fete, which has been organised for the benefit of the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, will take place in the Wholesale Flower Market, Covent Garden, on Wednesday evening next, May 21. The Lady Mayoress will open the fete, while the Duchess of Bedlord, and the Baroness Bcrdett Coctts, have signified their intention of being present. It is to be hoped that the Fund will derive a substantial benefit from the venture. Admission is by ticket, price 5s., and as the number is limited, early appli- cation should be made to Mr. A. F, Barron, May 17, 1890.] THE GAB DE NEBS- CHRONICLE 617 Chiswick, or to Mr. J. Assbee, Covent Garden. In connection with the Gardeners' Orphan Fund, we learn with pleasure that Shirlet Hibbkbd, Esq., will preside at the annual dinner on July 19. " Kew BULLETIN. "—The May number contain* commercial information relating to Lagos rubier produce of Linum perenne, but little is known of it at present as an economic plant. Liberian Coffee has, we are told, found a congenial home in the Straits Settlements. The Royal Botanic Society.— The first of a series of lectures on botanical subjects was given in the in May and June, and will to the gardens. be free to all visitors Two-Flowered Inflorescence of Cypri- PEDIUM. — So long back as ISOlS, we remember taking pait in a little controversy with Prof. Reich- enbach on this subject. We advocated the notion that FlO. Hi'-'. — MAGNOLIA BTELIATAI FLOWERS WHITE, Willi WHOM ANTHERS, (SEE 1'. U18.) the produce of Ficus Vogelii and other species, and which is well spoken of by Mr. Silver. The Alex- andrian mealy-bug. Crossotosoraa xgyptiacum, which is doing much harm in Egypt, comes in lor a share of notice. Rosin washes are recommended as follows :— Rosin, 20 1b.; caustic soda (*0 ]iw cent, strength), 6 ib. ; fish oil, 3 lb.; water, to LOO gal, lioil till dissolved, add cold water, and stir. Finally dilute with 100 gal. ot water. Siberian flax is the Museum of the Royal Botanic Society of London on Friday evening last, by Mr. E. M. Holmes. Mr. II. M. I :► >r was in the chair. Mr. Holmes* Bnbject was 'British Seaweeds." His interesting lecture treated more particularly of the colours, struc- ture, and modes of growth of the many species common upon our coasts. Living specimens of the more interesting varieties were exhibited. The lectures are to be continued on the Fridays tin- structural characteristics were such that branched inflorescences might naturally be looked for as the result of good cultivation and vigour of growth. The Professor considered them as purely exceptional. Since that time plenty of such cases have occurred, and now we have before us, as we write, a fine spike of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum, and another of C. selligerum majus, grown by Mr. Reginald YouNfl Fringilla, Liverpool, and sent to us by Messrs. G18 THE GARDENERS- CHRONICLE [May- 17, 1800. Sander. The original flower-stalk is terminated by a flower, the secondary or lateral one being produced at a lower level, forming an illustration of what botanists call a definite inflorescence. The great peculiarity in these casfs, is that although the two flowers beloDg, as it were, to distinct generations, yet the older flowers preserve their good looks so long that they bear comparison with their younger rivals. Bouquets at the Drawing- Room.— As it is no longer considered impertinent to publish an account of a lady's dress, there can be no impropriety in copying the following extract from the Daily Kews: -"The bouquets were in great variety and beauty. Some glorious Orchids were to be seen. A posy of white Roses was almost as lovely as any there. The Countess of Aehan carried a lovely bouquet of .Mimosa [?] and brown foliage. The Hun. Violet Lank-Fox's Souvenir d'un Ami Roses were deliciously fragrant. Lady Wolskley carried crim- son Roses. Mrs. Cornwallis West's pink Roses were mingled with beautiful green foliage. Enormous blooms of giant Mignonette composed another." Linnean SOCIETY.— The anniversary meeting of this Society, lor the election of a council and officers for the ensuing year, &c, will be held at the Society's rooms, Burlington House, Piccadilly, on Saturday, May 21, at 3 o'clock precisely. IfllS IBERiCA PARADOXOIDES. — This beautiful new Iris, writes M. Max Leichtlin, turned up among my numerous seedlings, and seems to be a natural hybrid, which, had it been found wild would certainly have been declared a new species. In form it is exactly like I. iberica, except the outer segments, which are spatulate with a very broad beard. The colour of the inner segments is pale purple witli reticulate markings of very bright shining purple ; outer seg- ments stretching out horizontally, slightly recurving, of a pale sulphur-yellow ground colour, which is covered by the broad velvety-purple beard and velvet- black blotch, also a thick reticulation of the same velvet-black. It is just midway between I. iberica and I. paradoxa, a very striking and showy flower. School of Forestry.— A deputation from the Associated Chambers of Commerce waited upon Mr. Chaplin (with whom was Sir James Caird) at the offices of the Board of Agriculture, in St. James's Square, for the purpose of urging upon him the desirability of establishing a National School of Forestry. Colonel Hill, addressing Mr. Chaplin, said those who were with him desired to point out that the growing ot timber as an industry might be most usefully extended in this country, especially in view of the timber supply from abroad becoming more and more diminished. They recommended, therefore, that Her Majesty's Government should esta- blish a National School of Forestry, which would bean encouragement not only to the planting of Crown lands with trees, but would also induce private land- owners to utilise ground which was at present of little or no service in the same direction. — Mr. G. Habpeb next spoke, and said he had received letters approving of the objects of the deputation from Lord Basing, official verderer of the New Forest, Sir Edward Lechmere, and other gentlemen. He further pointed out that, with the excep- tion of Spain, this was the only countiy of any position that did not have National Schools of Forestry. England was the greatest timber-buying nation in the world, and at present imported annually something like £13,000,000 worth of that commodity. There was a vast acreage of land now lying waste in this country which might, were the proper instruction forthcoming, be used for timber growing, and practically enable it to produce all the timber it required. — Mr. Chaplin said there could be no doubt of the growing interest and importance of the question under discussion. The purport of the remarks he had heard seemed to be that his depart- ment should establish a National School of Forestry. He desired, however, to point out that the Act under which that department was instituted pro- vided only for its inspecting and reporting upon schouls which provided education either upon agri- culture or upon forestry. So far as he could see, his department had no power to institute a school, but he would consider the matter very carefully, with a view to seeing if he could recommend such a course to the Government. Before he did this, how- ever, he should like to obtain some further infor- mation upon the climate and soil of the waste land which Mr. Harper had said it would be possible to turn into profitable forest land. Seats and Gardens for the Weary. — The Metropolitan Public Gardens Association have granted £50 for seats for St. James's Churchyard, Clerkenwell. They are in communi- cation with the Ecclesiastical Commissioners re- specting certain lands in Fulham ; with th" Corporation as to the Hilly fields, S.E., and Wandstead Flats; with the First Commissioner o( Works respecting banks of flowers fur Tra- falgar Square; and with the Governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital asking that Bartholomew's Square may be opened to the public. It was re- ported at the last meeting of the Association recently that the Vestry of St. James's, West- minster, had undertaken to maintain the shrubs at Piccadilly Circus ; that the Association employes had improved for the public use a small ground attached to the Victoria Docks Congregational Church; that the Vestry of St. Martin's had agreed to maintain the garden round the church of St. Martin's- in-the-Fields, which the Association laid out and has maintained for the past three years ; and that the Charity Commissioners had received a deputation respecting the preservation of Emmanuel Hospital, Westminter, and the space adjoining it. The Horticultural Hall.— From the list of gentlemen who have subscribed money for the above building, which was published in the Gardeners' Chranii '■■, April 2(1, the nursery firm of Dn ksqns (Limited). Chester, was inadvertently omitted. The list, however, was professedly incomplete. The Silk Trades' Exhibition, to which we drew attention at p. 555, has proved very successful. The ball-room at 7, St. James's Square, kindly lent by Lady Egerton of Tatton, is not quite the place for such an affair, the exhibits suffering from lack of space and occasional lack of light. A well- drilled band of lady mandolists, and a loom at work, gave the necessary life to what might otherwise have been a dull affair. Where there was so much ex- cellence, it would be invidious to distinguish. Many of the exhibits were simply suberb. the colours and shades being very pure. Floral effects were aimed at by nearly all the exhibitors, cleverly achieved in some instances, in a few conven- tionality of a wonderful character being shown. It is a pity that so much was hung literally on the line, the effect in several cases being quite unde- sirable. One or two brocatelles of a high class were crowded out, and had to be pulled out and spread, in order to get a fair view of their fine design. Some of the work most admired was in imitation of the Frtnch— temp. Louis XVI. ; also of Genoese velvet, tine or two court dresses were of English style, with just a thread of French taste running through them. The faults of the present exhibition will easily be deleted from any succeeding one, whilst all its beauties ought to be retained. MAGNOLIA STELLATA.— In this fragrant white- flowered shrub (tig. 102), a native of Japan, we have a lovely addition to the spring flora. The flowers, which are 3 inches across, with yellow anthers, ex- pand before the foliage is fully developed — that is from March to May, according to position and locality. Under the name of M. Halleana. given to it in compli- ment to its introducer to the U.S. of America, it was figured in the Garden (vol. xiii., p. 15). The plant has been long cultivated in Japan, and it is said by Franchet and Savatier to be indigenous in woods around Mount Fusi Yama and in Central Niphon, where it forms a small tree. The leaves, which grow from 2 to 5 inches long, are variable in shape, from narrowly obovate with rounded tips, to eliptic and acuminate, and membranous, the petiole about one-third of an inch long. The petals number about fifteen, spreading at first, and becoming reflexed in a day or two after opening, and have a faint pink central streak on the white ground, It is a plant which every oue with a sheltered garden should grow, aud it will succeed as a bush or as a wall tree. The plant was recently in flower at Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons' nursery, Coombe Wood, but the specimen figured was sent by Mr. .1. < i'P.rien. It is figured in the Botanical Magazine, t. 6370. CATASETUM BUNGEROTHI. M. Lucien Linden writes with reference to this plant, which is considered in the last number of the Reickenbachia to be C. pileatum, of Keichenbach; — " Permit me to protest against the name pileatum, which Reichenbach is said to have applied to this plant so long ago as 1882. Some time before his death, the Professor wrote to me that the C. Bun- gerothi wa.s the same species that we had sent to him in 1882, and which he had then named C. pileatum. In reply, I told him that neither my father nor myself had at any time sent him a Cata- sf tutu at all like C. Bungerothi. This assertion I now repeat. I cannot remember what Catasetum we may have sent to the Professor, but I am quite sure it was not C. Bungerothi. This species is so extra- ordinary, that my father and myself must have recollect eil it, Catasetum pileatum was desciibed in these columns by Professor Reichenbach on April 15, 1882, and was again described by him, November 13, 1886. What Reichenbach said of his C. pileatum in 1882 reads rather tamely in comparison with the sensation that C. Bungerothi excited when it first appeared in London. 'A curious species, comparable to Catasetum cernuum. It has rather large flowers, comparable to those of C. Naso. Sepals narrow, light reddish. They may, however, have been green before, as sometimes is the fact, from withering. Petals broad, oblong acute, white. Lip a wide, nearly obtuse- angled expansion descending in a blunt cone, white. Column with a very long beak and two cirrhi. Ttiis interesting species was introduced from Venezuela by Director Linden, and flowered by the Cjmpagnie Continentale d'Horticulture, Socie.6 Anonvme, Gand." On November 13, 16S6, as above stated, the Pro- fessor again described a plant under the same name and as a new species in our columns, without any reference whatever to his previous description. Could he possibly have forgotten that he had already described the (or a) plant under the same name more than four years previously ? The second account runs thus : — "A curious species, which in the breadth of the lip, the ivory broad lip, the whitish colour reminds oue of Mormodes luxatum. It has rather large flowers like those of that plant. Sepals narrow, large, ligulate-acute, light reddish. I am, however, by no means sure whether the colour is natural, or a consequence of withering. Petals broad oblong, acute white. Lip a wide, nearly triangular, obtus- angled expansion, descending at the base into a blunt cone. Column white, with a very long apicilar beak and two well-developed cirrhi. A specimen has been kindly sent to me by Messrs. Linden." This second account, and especially the reference to Mormodes luxatum, gives a better picture of C. Bungerothi than did the first one, but still the omissions are very noteworthy. On December 16, 1886, as the Gardener!,' Chronicle was going through the press, we were summoned in hot haste to Stevens' Rooms to see a most wonderful Catasetum. There we found a plant sent for sale by Messrs. Linden, and of it we took some notes which were published at p. 785 of our volume for that date. We were the more struck with it as we had, if we remember rightly, previously seen the original sketch made by the collector; at any rate, we must certainly have seen the reproduction of it in Lindcnia, published early in 1886, and we had had some conversation about it which Mr. N. E. Brown, who described the species, as we thought at the time from rather unsatisfactory material. In any case, the plant was a far finer thing than the picture represented, it to he, May 17, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 619 On January 20, 1887, we published a full page illustration of this species taken from the first plant which flowered in this country, and which was in the collection of F. G. Tautz, Esq. At the fame time we also published from our own memo- randa a further description of the first plant seen in flower in Europe, and which was the one sold in Stevens' Rooms to Baron Schroder. Yv'e prognos- ticated the existence of considerable variation — a prognostic which has been amply verified. This figure was, we believe, the first representa- tion ( f the plant, except the rough memorandum- sketch made by Bungeroth, published in the L We mention these dates and historical reminis- cences because, although in constant correspondence with the Professor, it is remarkable that he should have allowed us to publish this illustration and these memoranda without having called our attention to his previously published C. pileatum. He appears, however, to have staled the fact to M. Linden, and to have apprised Mr. Sander that " Baron Schroder has sent me, through Ballantine, an enormous spike of Catasetum pileatum." This last letter was dated on August 8, 1887, the spike alluded to being taken from the same plant that was shown in Stevens' Rooms. In October, 1887 (p. 431), the flowering of Cala- aetum Bungerothi at Kew was noted, and subse- quently numerous references have been made to the plant, always under the name Bungerothi. I'nder this name also it has been figured in the Illustration . 1887, t. 10; • L888, 1 G i den, 188S, p. 388, and the Album, viii ., t. 352. According to Mr. M >lfe, who retains the name Bungerothi (see Gardeners' (' , 0 tober 26, 1889, p. 166), specimens of this Catasetum, collected by Spruce, had lain unrecognised and unnamed fi >r more than thirty years in the Kew herbarium. It is remarkable, if this be so, that it should have escaped the lynx-eyed scrutiny of Professor Reichenbach ; but this may have been because it was misplaci I in tome other genus. In the case of so very distinct, and so well known B plant, the confusion arising from the dual name is not likely to be so inconvenient as in the case of more obscure and less well known plants. We, or our successors, can well afford to wait patiently till the Professor's herbarium is unlocked a quaid i • oi a century hence at Vienna, to ascertain for certain what it was that Messrs. Lindi n sent to him, and it may prove that established custom may, as it often does, prove more potent than the laws ol priority. Lastly, we would call attention to the notes on the sexual variation of these plants by Mr. X. E, Brown, April 13, 1889, p. 461, 6g. 83; and by Mr. Rolfe, at p. If>7 of our Dumber lor ( Ictober 26 of the same year; and to the highly important observa- tions of the latter gentleman before the Linnean Society, March 21, 1889, as reported in our columns March 30, 1889, p. 407. BERBERIS STENOPHYLLAx. This species of Berberry, Gg L03— a hybrid between B, Darwini and 1!. empetrifolia — is a graceful ever- green shrub of drooping habit, covered in the spring with wreaths of golden blossoms, and iu the autumn less so. Like others of the genus, it is well adapted for groups, borders to beds of shrubs, or for clothing a low fence. It is easily propagated by layers by cuttings in a cold frame, and by sci ds the commoner method of increase in nurseries. (Seep 614 OLE ARIA GUNNIANA. 1 i.e. llunniana is a Tasmanian shrub, long known in gardens under the name Eurybia Gun- niana, but as Eurybia cannot be generically sepa- rated from Olearia, the older name must give place to the one given above. The plant grows from .'! to 4 feet in height, with hoary branches and poly- morphous leaves, which are oblanwolate, coarsely toothed, and hoary beneath. The starry, white flowers are very numerous, and cover the ends of the branches with a snowy sheet. The flowers, repre- sented in our illustration, p. 623, of their natural size, have white ray florets, and a grey disc. In sheltered situations it will stand out-of-doors uninjured in our usual winters, although in very severe ones, and iucold situations, it maybe preserved from injury by a small amount of protection. About London this shrub is often found, smothered with bloom in the spring months, and it is lin- en, l" doubtedly a town plant, although the flowers get smirched with " blacks." Of Olearias eighty-five species have been described ; of these, sixty-three are Australian, and the re- mainder natives of New Zealand and the neigh- bouring islands. O. Haastii, white, flowering in dense subterminal hoary cymes, is undoubtedly hardy in this country, and is a dwarf shrub everyone should grow. A native of New Zealand, and 6 id in Botanical Magazine, t. G592. AMELANCHIER VULGARIS. The Amelanchiers are amongst some of the best of ornamental hardy deciduous shrubs of large growth, which no planter should omit to plant, either as specimens on the lawn, or in the back rows of the shrubbery. The tree is common in Switzerland and other European countries, in the former country clothing the hills in April with its snowy plumes (see fig. 104, p. 621). The leaf is roundish oval, pubescent beneath whilst young, and becoming glabrous with age. The foliage of A. vulgaris, like that of the American forms, assumes reddish tints in the autumn, and this is another point of a'.traction possessed by the plant. It is not fastidious as to soil, provided it is not very poor or clayey, and is well trenched and manured previous to planting. It is propagated by layering in the spring, and by cuttings taken in the autumn. The name is Savoyard for Medlar, to which this genus is allied. Home Correspondence. PASSIFLORACCERULEA, CONSTANCE ELLIOTT.— The above variety will repay for any trouble bestowed on its culture. Every one is familiar with the long pendulous shoots of Passiflora ccerulea, and we have only to imagine a white form of this beautiful flower. I have a plant growing on the roof of the Hose house over the pathway that has been in flower for two months past, and has at the present time one hundred of its white-scented blooms. It con- tinues to grow and form blooms, and on most of the ^ loots there are twenty-blooms in every '_' feet, and each bl n measures ."■', inches in diameter. For cutting, for festoons, and for the use with artificial light, it is an acquisition . and for church decoration j is equally g I. The flowers Keep fresh for a long time in water, and it is well to remind floral decorators that bottles of water should be placed sum en here out of sight, to put the stems in. Although a hardy plant, it is just the thing for lofty cool con- servatories, where, after the main shoots gets esta- blished, the shoots may be allowed to hang down in graceful fashion. I feel sure anyone planting this variety will not regret having done so. \V real lis are ven pleasing made with it, and it is well adapted for'such purposes, for although the stalks arc not very long, the blooms themselves may be wired, and s • made use of. I shall try some small plants for early forcing during the coming season. Cuttings of the plant root readily. A. Evans, In/the EM. WALLFLOWERS.— Xo time should be lost in sow- ed of approved varieties of Wallflower for i' i vei ing twelvemonths hence, limbing, r, crimson, and Cloth of Gold, bright yellow, are two very effec- tive varieties to grow. The seed may be sown in shallow drained boxes, filled nearly to the top with fine light mould, made firm and covered lightly. The boxes should be placed in a frame or pit, and watered with a fine rose, shaded and kept close until ger- mination takes place, when full air and light must, be afforded them. Wallflowers ought, to be pricked out as soon as large enough at about 6 inches apart. The only after attention necessary until planting out time arrives in October, is to keep them supplied with water at the roots and free from weeds. If a layer of rotten dung, 1 inch thick, be placed on a hard bottom in a sunny situation, and over this a like I hickness ol line loamy Boil made firm, and the young plants dibbled into it at the distances indicated, the soil pretty firm about the roots, and after- wards watering them through a fine rose to settle the soil, the plants will not only grow well, but also lilt and transplant well, with nice balls of soil, and manure attached to the roots. //. IV. Ward. LONGFORD CASTLE.— To the already extensive area of glass here, there has recently been added a light and substantial lean-to house, 100 feet long, 12 feet wide, and the same height at the back wall. The back wall, I may mention, is well furnished with trained Pig trees, and Tomatos are trained half way up the roof on a wire trellis. The roots are restricted to a narrow border, which runs the entire length of the house, and is bordered by a brick wall. Sutton's Perfection is the principal variety grown. The heating apparatus consists of two 4-inch flow- pipes, being fixed close up to the ventilators, There 620 THE GARDE NEBS' CHRONICLE. [May 17, 1890. is one return-pipe down the gangway. The 3-inch wide cross-pieces of the lattice-path, usually nailed on the sleepers at right angles, are in this case placed diagonally, which makes the walk much easier to the°feet. The roof is constructed of T-iron rafters, and five panes of glass (each 35 inches by 13J) to each length of rafter, and embedded in putty, none being used, however, on the top. Lengths of three-quarter inch gas-pipe are used as supports, and are placed at or about S feet apart. The top and front venti- lators are efficient, and good provision has also been made for water supply. For this a large tank covered with lattice-wood has been built in the centre of the house for the reception of roof-water. A colonial pump is fixed close to the tank, so that water may be pumped up from the earth when necessary. In addition to the above structure, there is also a capital range of four Orchid-houses, made of Pitch Pine. Robinson 'sexpansion joints have been used throughout. Mr. Ward, the gardener, is his own architect in both cases. The grounds, too, have been considerably extended and beautified within the last twelve months, 18 acres having been enclosed from the park. Avenues and groups of Acacias, Laburnums, scarlet Oaks, copper Beeches, &c, have been planted, and new ferneries made and planted with British varieties. Several new summer-houses have been added, and pleasant peeps and surprises are provided in various parts. The present Earl and Countess of Radnor, it is gratify- ing to note, take a great interest in the gardens. In conclusion, I would mention the large vineries, pineries, and other fruit-bouses, are full of promise, while the garden throughout is a model of clean- liness. Visitor. STRAWBERRIES. — If practical criticisms have any value with respect to new Strawberries, they point to the conclusion that we have these fruits as good as Nature can produce them, and beyond that we shall not go. When we remember the many kinds which have been not only certificated from time to time, but have also been put into commerce, it is surprising to find how few of those introduced during the past twenty years have succeeded in finding a permanent footing in gardens. If we take Hericart de Thury, Keen's Seedling, President, Sir Joseph Paxton," Sir Charles Napier, and British Queen — in spite of the latter's comparative shyness in some soils — it yet must be conceded that there is not to be found another half-dozen sorts which can touch them, be they old or new. I commend this fact to the promoters of the Congress on Soft Fruits, to be held during the ensuing summer. The cleverest essayist in the world can tell us nothing new about the cultivation of the Strawberry, but there may be room for wider information. As to the methods of raising sorts, which shall exhibit undoubted excel- lence beyond what is already found in older varie- ties, that is, of course, assuming that such a thing be at all possible. The undoubted failure of so many very highly-praised sorts, after they have been sub- jected to practical cultivation in many districts, and in divers soils, shows that raisers have been on the wrong track. If we have tine fruits, they are com- paratively flavourless, or are so soft as to be useless for travelling, or show demerits of some sort, and may not be employed to oust other older varieties. That we generally prefer for all ordinary purposes the old sorts above-named, shows that the preference must have a solid foundation. It does, therefore, seem obvious that in Strawberry raising we have about reached the end of our tether. A. D. Having read the correspondence relative to the merits and demerits of Strawberries for forcing in your last week's issue, it may interest some of your readers to know that I am growing a few of the following varieties in pots, in a tempera- ture of .'i.5c to 60° at night, with a gentle circulation of air:— Noble, Jubilee, British Queen, Paxton, Preston Seedling, and Vicomtesse Hericart de Thury. I find Noble and Jubilee by far the heaviest croppers. Joseph Meredith, Oak Road, Timperley, Attrincham, Cheshire. [No one has denied its being a good cropper. Ed.] It would, I think, after all that has been said in favour of different varieties for forcing, seem as if the soil and climate have much to do with flavour. I shall grow no more of Laxton's Noble indoors, as the flavour is poor and the flesh dry and woody; this, however, will not stay my growing it outside, where it is early, large, and of passable flavour. I have had fruit indoors 1 oz. each this season, and very fine in colour, but that is all. I was pleased to see Mr. Coomber speaking highly of Vicomtesse. My early house this season was devoted to that variety, with the exception of a few Nobles, and no finer fruits could be wished for ; and the flavour, although not A 1, as is the case with most early forced fruits, was excellent in comparison with the others. President, as a successional variety, does not do so well here as at Burghley and Longford Castle, in both of which places it used "to be a grand fruit. Our favourite is Sir C. Napier, and I annually force 1200 of that variety. It is a capital variety to travel, the flesh being firm, although not so sweet as some. I send you a few fruits and leaves, and I think you will agree with me that they are good in a!l points. H. MarTcham-. [A very fine sample. En.] CAPTAIN STRAWBERRY.— To the best of my recollection, I have never said that the Captain Strawberry fruits grew in the autumn. Mr. Laxton credits it with that pleasant habit, but on this soil, although a strong grower, it never even blooms for the second time in one season ; neither do I think it a good Strawberry, except for market purposes. It is a large and handsome fruit, as well as an early one, robust of growth, and of strong constitution, so far as present experience goes ; therefore I am inclined to doubt whether Noble, although rather earlier, will ever supersede it. R. D. Blaclcmore. STRAWBERRY LAXTON'S NOBLE.— The above is, no doubt, one of the finest, if not the very finest, looking Strawberries grown. On the 17th of last month, I saw eighteen fruits whose weight was Vik oz. These fruits were grown by Mr. S. White, gardener. Cannon's Park, Edgeware, and were finely coloured and of perfect shape. Mr. White started with only twenty-five plants last autumn, and all these plants were heavily cropped. My own experience of it is, that it is very free, and grows well, but the flavour is bad. Every care was taken with it ; it grew side by side with other varieties, but all to no purpose. Edwin Beckett, Aldenham. ANEMONE FULGENS. — Aclump of this Anemone, which has flowered annually for the last ten years, commencing in January, is now (May 2) showing a few straggling open flowers. The 18° of frost we experienced on March 4 checked the plant for a time, but since then they have been much finer than was previously the case. Once only in the time named have the roots been moved. The clump is growing at the front of the herbaceous border, facing south. The soil is strong, stcny. It is the adhesive nature of the soil, and non-removal for so long a time, which may be the cause of the long continued vigour of the clump of plants. E. M. STURMER pippin APPLE.— I send a specimen fruit of this Apple [a very fine one, but flavourless. Ed.] to show how late Apples will withstand frost. This Apple was not gathered until November 2!) last year. It withstood three rather sharp frosts — the first of 12°, the second of 13°, and the third frost of 14°. I have found if this Apple be gathered too earlv, it will shrink and shrivel in the Bpring of the year. Robert Smith, Yalding, Kent. SPRING TINTS. — Your leader, p. 534, on this evergreen subject, must have been of great interest to your readers. You only do late justice iu insist- ing on the share the leaf-scales have in the ensemble. In Spain and Portugal, the ruddy tints of the leaf- scales in the Sweet Chestnut woods are seen from afar, and give a beautiful colour contrast. One view near Cintra, seen in April, of a Chestnut wood trend- ing down the slop; of the hill on which is situated the Cork Convent, where as Byron has it " Honorius long did dwell In hope to meritlleaven by making earth a Hell," will never be effaced from my memory. At the foot of the hill, merging into the ruddy glow of the open- ing Chestnut leaf-buds, were some bright green strips of foliage, and further on still was the grey of the Eucalypti, whose tall waving heads lined the high road, and the darksome green of the Stone Pines on the sandy flats of Collares. Another prospect, although it did not depend entirely for its loveliness on spring leaves, still clings to me. Near the fountain at Cintra, by which in the mid-day heat there is always resting a picturesque wine cart with its team of yoked oxen, is a steep declivity thickly strewn by Judas trees with a small wood at the base. The lovely contrast between this long stretch of bright purple and the shimmering emerald leafage of the trees below, held one spell-bound. Two instances, where the grouping of the trees seems almost as if it were planted for the " merry month of May," occur to me at home. One is the drive from Wolverton Station to Sandringham, over what used to be bare moorland ; and the other the long approach through the park to Eaton Hall. The former is quite the prettiest part of the Prince's estate at this time of the year. The plantations chiefly consist of Larches and Corsican and Austrian Pines. The contrast between the two shades of green and the brown soberer tints of the Ling, forms a most attractive picture. C. A. M. Carmichael. AUCUBAS UNDER TREES.— In the gardens at Guunersbury House, I observed the variegated Aucuba growing satisfactorily under a large Horse Chestnut tree. The plants were about 1 foot high, and the ground was thickly covered, the branches having been pegged down to form a close covering. The effect was as good as could be desired. Those who find a difficulty in getting plants to grow on bare places under trees would do well to make a note of this. The Aucuba, being easily raised from cuttings, no difficulty need be experienced in obtaining a stock of the plants. E. M. Societies. EOYAL HORTICULTURAL. Tuesday, May 13. — The above meeting, favoured with fine w^aiher, which brought numerous visitors, took place in the Drill Hall, James Street, West- minster. The display was both a varied and a bright one, and was mainly contributed by exhibitors residing at long distances from the metropolis. The Pansies of Mr. Forbes, of the Hawick Nurseries ; the single and double-flowered P«onies of Messrs. Kelway & Sons; Mr. Ryder's Primula Sieboldi, were brilliant in colour, and large in quantity, and took up a considerable amount of space. Kew sent a most interesting collection of flower- ing shoots of hardy shrubs, which well served to show what a wealth of beauty remains still to be utilised before our gardens can be said to be well- furnished. Many of the specimens were utilised by Mr. W. Goldring in pointing his lesson ou the em- ployment of early flowering shrubs in the garden. Of this lecture it may be said that, owing to the extent of the subject, the lecturer was only enabled to touch but little more than its fringe, indicating some of the showier plants which planters ought to make use of, beginning with arborescent forms, and descend- ing to shrubs. We allude to the paper a little fuller on p. 616. Floral Committee. Present: W. Marshall, Esq., in the chair; and Messrs. 11. Dean, B. Wynne, H. Herbst, T. Baines, C.T. D.uery. II. B. May, W. C. Leach, Ed. Mawley, H. Cannell, R. B. Lowe, L. Castle, G. Paul, H. H. D'Ombrain, W. Holmes, and G. Nicholson. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea. S.W., contributed some good specimens of Ledum buxifoliurn, with rosy flowers ; L. latil'olium, with whitish-yellow flowers ; and L. palustre, with flowers of pure white, and of good size. Cydonia japonic.! Moerloosei was a showy object, by reason of the large size of its blossoms of rich red ; also Enkianthus campanulatus, a hardy Japanese shrub, with fascicles of pendent, brown-red, bell-shaped flowers. There was a variety of Azalea mollis, with flowers of " old gold " colour ; and Cytisus scoparus Andreanus, a variety which has the wings of the flower of a rich red-brown colour— very showy. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., also had a specimen of this shrub. A few Cactaceous plants also came from Messrs. Veitch, among them being Phyllocactus Rose Perfection, with moderate-sized flowers of rich rose. In P. Admiration was a large and beautifnl bright crimson-carmine, and decidedly showy flower. Epiphvllum Gaertneri with a good number of flowers was also shown. Giving variety to the flowering shrubs and also illustrating what picturesque effects may be had from foliage alone, were two Conifers, also from Messrs. Veitch, viz., Picea excelsa muta- bilis, with the pendent young growths of pure yellow ; and Juniperus canadensis aurea, which also showed yellow buds, the plant is a dwarf and spreading bush. A showy seedling Anthurium, with dark crimson varnished spathe, and yellowish-white, green-tipped spadix was shown by Mr. Bain, gr. to Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford Lodge. A new variety of Regal Pelargonium, Duchess of Mat IT, 1890.] THE GARDENERS CHRONICLE, 621 Bucclench, was exhibited by Mr. Forbes, Hawick, N.B. It was semi- double and pure white, a useful flower, if free. Mr. G. Prince showed his new Rose Souvenir de S. A. Prince, a nice white Tea-scented variety, but without the points that will make it anything more than a garden Kose. Messrs. W, Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, showed their newTfa-scented Rose, The Queen. It is a flower prettily formed, a good for its novel colour — light purple. Some bedding Pansies in a variety of self colours, came from Swanley, but they paled before the Scotch flowers shown. Mr. J. Forbes, who came all the way from Hawick, Bet up a very varied collection of fancy and show Pansies, Violas, &c, in plants, belded in moss in charming variety. Of fancies, the best were : — W. Dean. John Coop?r, John Sutherland, Mrs. E, II. was both opportune and of value to those who pos- sess gardens in or out of London, and who may desire to render them as beautiful as may be from early spring to midsummer. The collection, as befits Kew, was richer in species than varieties, and we will name some of those which are showy, beautiful, and indispensable : Amelanchier botryapium, A. asiatica, A. cana- densis, A. vulgaris, all of them white-flowered ; Fio. 104.— AMBLANCfilEB vu.i.wiis: l lowers WHITE. (SEE r. 619.) bouquet bloom, and white. They showed also a Tea Rose, the Danmark Queen, a flower bearing great re- semblance to La France in colour and shape, but wanting the silvery sheen of that line Rose. The show of cut blooms of zonal, decorative, regal, and show Pelargoniums, set up by Messrs. Cannell 6c .Sons, Swanley, were of exceptional good quality. The double whites, Rush Hill Beauty and Cannell's Double, are capital regals. In Shows, Sultana is a beautiful crimson flower with a white wire edge and white centre; Mrs. J. C. Stone is a light purple zonal Pelargonium, deserving of mention Wood, Acme, and Display— all excellent. Of show or English Pansies, chielly sell's, were: — Oeorge Murray and Tom Rite*, yellow; and Alexander Scott, Sparkler, and Major-General Stewart— blues of deep hue. Bedding Violas included Countess of Kintore, bicolored ; Virginalis and Gipsy Queen, white ; Blue Cloud, white, edged blue ; Archie Giant, deep blue ami Abercorn Gem, creamy- white. The Violas were not so good as we have seen from other sources, but the Pansies, in spite of long carriage, were admirable. The collection of flowering-shoots of hardy shrubs Cerasus avium and C. avium fl.-pl. ; (.'. pumila, from the U.S.A.; C. Mahaleb chrysocarpa, C. oxycarpa, also white-flowered ; Choisya ternata, Exochorda grandiflora, white ; a pendulous variety of Cra- taegus oxycanthoides, C. coccinea glandulosa. The collection was rich in Pyrus, viz., P. arbutifolia, P. serotina, white flowers, with the reverse of petals of a shade of pink ; P. sorbus, P. Maulei superba, scarlet ; P. floribundn. Azalea amuna, purple flowers, numerous and small ; Cytisus precox, Malus microcarpa, Viburnum cotonifoliutn, V. lau- tana ; common Broom, and the brown and yellow 62"> THE GABDENEBS' CHBONICLE. [May 17, 1890. variety— Cytisus sccparius Andreanus, C. albns, C. ruthenicus, from the Caucasus ; Magnolia eonspicua var. Soulangeana ; M. purpurea; Ribes serotinum, a yellow-flnwered Currant; Ledum palustre, and L. p. latifolium, the minute rosy- flowered and pretty Leiophvllum buxifolium from the eastern U.S.A. ; Piptanthus nepal- ensis, a yellow-flowered Broom-like plant ; Rhodo- dendron Kewense, a blush-coloured showy flower, and its white variety; several richly-coloured Lilacs, as Camille de Rohan, vulgaris rubra, and vulgai is insignis — all of them being better to plant than the common pale-coloured variety. The erect-growing Flex Welwitschianum is a distinct-looking Furse, of free-flowering habit, better litted for small groups and borders than the common species. An extensive collection of Tree Poconies was con- tributed by Messrs. Kelway & Son, Langport, Somerset, the majority were double varieties, and many were very fine, showy, and of large size too. An elegant flower was seen in the single variety named Beatrice Kelway, the petals beiug of a pure satiny white, while the golden stamens arranged themselves round purplish stigmas, making a very pleasing combination of colours. Of the double varieties, we may name Keine Elizabeth, bright rose, ocellata purple at the base fading to pink, and very full ; Lumen, like the foregoing, but more compact and solid ; L. Mouchalet, salmony-rose, rather ragged in appearance; Jura, purplish-mauve, intense at the base — a very pretty, full, and heavy flower ; Fascinatus, flesh colour, with distinct guards almost white. Single P;eony officinalis splendens was noticeable for its deep crimson colour. Other cut flowers were also staged, among which were Pyre- thrum Albert Victor, rich carmine, single ; Eurybia Gunni, Clianthus puniceus, Aponogeton distichum, White Lilac, Trollitis europeus, &c. An interesting lot of cut specimens was sent by Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, in which a number of well-known flowering plants were included, as Cydonia japonica, and its white variety, Staphylea colchica ; several varieties of Lilac, Ribes aureum, Double Cherry, alsothe doublewhite and pinkformsof Cerasus pseudo-cerasus ( = Sieboldi), Wisteria sinen- sis, Ghent and mollis Azaleas, Deutzia gracilis, Daphne cneorum, Malus spectabilis (a pretty and very free- flowering shrub), Cytisus scoparius Andreanus (already described), and Magnolia conspicuua. Among plants were Eleagnus macrophyllus, Juniperus canadensis aurea, Clematis montana, and a tine standard speci- men of Azalea mollis Consul Pitcher. Cut shoots of various ornamental-leaved plants were shown, as the Golden Elm, several forms of theelegant Japanese Maples, than which nothing [is more charming, and a variety of Acer (probably pseudo-platanusi, named Prince Hendjery, the young leaves of which are red-brown, with the veins of clear Apple-green. Mr. F. Hooper, Vine Nurseries, Widcombe Hill, Rath, contributed a large number of Pansy blooms of tine strain, and also specimens of a pure white Pink named Her Majesty. Numerous Pansies and also some handsome varieties of their strain of Primula Sieboldi were staged by Messrs. Ryder & Son, Sale, Manchester, one form of which, viz., Alba magnifica was very handsome ; it is pure white, large, and the petals heavily fringed. Messrs. W. Cutbush & Son, Ilighgate Nurseries, Highgate, London, N., sent a few plants of Les- chenaultia biloba major, with a fair amount of bloom, and also Lunaria biennis variegata, which has leaves of green and white. Some excellent pots of Lily of the Valley came from Mr. Poupart, Twickenham. Mr. R. Dean, Ealing, W., sent a few Alpine Auriculas, of which Emir, an intense brown maroon self with a gold centre, was the best. One plant which received a considerable share of notice was a Richardia shown by Mr. G. Knight, Farnborough Park Gardens, Farnborough, and named by him Elliottiana. The spathe is of a beautiful rich yellow colour, and the whole plant has the general appearance of R. a>thiopica, and the green leaf has numerous irregular translucent spots ; but whatever the plant may be, it is decidedly a pretty thing, and the colour of the spathe is most pleasing. Messrs. F. Sander & Co. had a plant of Bland- fordia nobilis imperialis, which had bell flowers of large size, bright orange-ifd, with yellow margins. From I,'. J. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Streatham (gr., Mr. Simpkins), came a pure white Pelargonium, Miss F. Measures. Messrs. Barr & Son, 12, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C., sent a group of Narcissi, very good for this late time of the season ; and also various Parrot Tulips, Anemones, Irises, &c. Mr. J. Hudson, Gunners- bury House Gardens, Acton, sent a branch of Cercis siliquastrum, well laden with flowers. Jlessrs. Hennequin-Denis & Co., Angers, France, had Anemone coronaria varieties, which were of no particular merit, and not so tine as the "St. Brigid " strain. Mr. R. J. Lynch, Cambridge Botanic Garden, sent a few remarkable plants in Aristolochia ringens, which has two long lips like A. ornithocephala ; the colour is pale green, marbled with black-brown, and the whole flower about 8 inches or more in length ; Arisarum Ilookeraj var. ringens, dull brown ; A. proboscideum, which has the spathe drawn out into a long brown beak ; also Baccharis patagonia, an ever- green shrubby composite ; and Neviusa clabamensis, with leafy sepals. N me of the foregoing, however, except, perhaps, the Aristolochia, are of great horticultural interest. Orchid Committee. Present : Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., M.P., in the chair; and Messrs. S. Courtauld, H. J. Veitch, F. Sander, H. M. Pollett, C. J. Pilcher, J. Dominy, E. Hill, J. Douglas, A. II. Smee, H. Williams, II. Ballantine, T. 15. Haywood, J. O'Brien, and Baron J. H. W. Schroder. There was no specially striking plant shown here, although exhibits were fairly numerous. Mr. G. W'ythes, Syon Gardens, Brentford, contributed a group of eighteen plants of good Cypripedium bar- batum, well-grown examples in perfect health, for which a vote of thanks only was given. Mr. Quater- rnan, gr. to A. S. Smith, Esq , Cobham, Surrey, sent a plant of the same species. From W. C. Atkinson, Esq., Aigburth, Liverpool, came a plant of Odontoglossum maculatum anceps, the spike bearing eight flowers. There were trans- verse yellow bars at the base of each deep brown sepal, the lip and petals being rich yellow, with con- spicuous large spots of brown, confined to the lower half in the petals ; a flower of Cypripedium Hookeric type was also sent. Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., Hildenly, Malton, contributed a piece of Cattleya citrina with three flowers. He had shown the same plant last year, but it had developed well in the interval. M. Lueien Linden sent from Brussels a piece of imported Cattleya Waroequeana which had opened on the journey from Belgium'. Dendrobium Gallice- anum, which is like D. tbyrsidorum, with a paler and expanding lip, was also sent by Mr. Linden, and from the same was a fine pure white form of Odontoglos- sum crispum named virginale, the spike bearing nine good sized flowers. A pretty form of Cattleya Mendelli called Venus was sent by R. J. Measures, Esq., which, with the exception of a little purple mottling in the centre of the median lobe of the lipand yellowin the throat, is perfectly white, a very pretty form ; and from the same source came Masdevallia O'Brieniana, a pigmy about 2 or ." inches high, the flowers embedded in the leaves, each sepal half an inch long, dull yellow, with brown transverse bars : and Ccelogyne tomen- tosa, a fine plant having five spikes of salmony- brown flowers, the column being yellow, and the lip yellow with brown veins ; and a finely-flowered piece of Masdevallia ignea Shuttleworthi, red, with crimson-red veins — very bright and attractive. A deeply-coloured form of Odontoglossum crispum came from N. N. Sherwood, Esq., Dunedin, Streatham Hill, S.E , the plant having eight flowers ; and also a fine piece of Phakimopsis grandiflora. Sir Trevor Lawrence had Lselia purpurata Brysiana, a variety in which the petals are richly suffused and veined with purple. Mr. D. Cullimore, gi. to Malcolm S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill, Surrey, contributed a pale form of L.-elia purpurata. Cattleya Mossije var., and a pale form of Lycaste Harrisons. Specimens of Cattleya Vvrarneri and Cymbidium Lowi came from Mr. Balderson, Hemel Hempsted. Mrs. Studd, Bath, sent Livlia purpurata var. Mr. J. O'Brien, Harrow- on-the-IIill. showed a little Disa, D. tripetaloides, the flower of which is very small, and the plant only about '.l inches high ; the* flower is pale pink, with small rose spots, two sepals spatulate and one hooded, with a straight spur; the plant is a native of South Africa. Odontoglossum excellens var. Albert Edward was sent by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. ; the parts of the flower are white with a yellow margin, spotted chocolate-brown, the lip very pale in the ground colour. G. Barnham, Esq, Stoke Newington, sent a well- grown Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, and also a piece of Cymbidium albucseflorum, a species having small yellowish-green flowers, and not at all decorative. A little group of hardy Orchis were shown by Messrs. Pitcher & Manda", U.S.A. Nursery, Hex- table, Swanley. There were 0. fragrans, white ; 0. iucaruata, mauve, with crimson lip ; 0. provincialis, yellow and white ; O. Branceforti, purple ; O. coriophora, green, all of them small-growing curiosi- ties; Fritillaria lanceolata of very dwarf habit, and with purple-brown and yellow flowers ; and Cypri- pedium calceolus completed the exhibit. Fruit Committee.' Present: Sir C. W. Strickland, Bart., in the chair, and Messrs. J. l,?e, R. D. Blackmore, II. Weir, T. F. Rivers, J. Cheal, W. Bates, G. W. Cummins, T. J. Saltmarsh, G. Bunyard, Jas. Smith, P. C. Veitch, G. Wythes, H. Balderson, T. Q. Lane, and J. Hudson. Some excellent specimens of Broccoli were fur- nished by Mr. W. C. Leach, gr., Albury Park, Guildford, consisting of Vei ten's Model ; he showed good Parsley. From the Society's garden came fine heads of Ledsham, Latest of All (Veitch), Gilbert's Victoria, compact and of middling size, Ransome's Conqueror, Wilcove's Improved, and others. A few heads of the new green Asparagus were exhibited by Mr. Miller, gr. to Lord Foley, Ruxley Lodge, Esher; also a bushel of Mushrooms. Mr. Aslett, gr. to C. Butler, Esq., Warren Wood. Hatfield, had a dish of well-coloured fruits of Peach Alexander ; and Col. T. F. Turberville, Evenny Priory, Bridgend, furnished a green flesh Melon. The awards will be given next week. ROYAL BOTANIC. M-u 1 !. — The first summer show was held last Wednesday, when the weather was all that could be desired. The display of flowers was very effectively arranged, but on close examination one or two very poor lots were noticed. In many instances, plants were what had already been doing duty at the Royal Horticultural Society's show on the previous day," or at the Crystal Palace on the Saturday before. In the amateurs' classes for ten and for six stove and greenhouse plants in flower, Mr. W. Chapman, gr. to J. Spode, Esq., Rugeley, was an easy 1st, showing very creditable examples, neatly trained, Aphelexis grandiflora, Darwinia tulipifera, Tre- mandra ericifolia, and several Ericas, being the best. In the large class for nurserymen (twelve), Mr. II. James, Castle Nursery, Norwood, was awarded 1st for plants of fair quality, he was placed 2nd for a col'ection of 6ix stove and greenhouse plants ; a large Erica Cavendishii and Ixora Dixiana being his best. In the class for six, the leading prize went to Mr. J. T. Mould, Pewsey Nursery, Wilts, who had a very niceiy flowered Bougainviilea glabra and Erica Cavendishii. Mr. James was again to the fore, however, for six fine foliage plants (nurserymen), having a good example of Chrysophyllum imperiale and Cycas revoluta. A successful exhibitor was Mr. A. Offer, gr. to J. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, Crawley, who had the best lots of fine foliage plants, Azaleas and Ferns, from amateurs, showing well as at the Crystal Palace. Mr. C. Turner, Slough, showed a good number of Azaleas, and won 1st for six specimens in the nur- serymen's class, having capital examples of Com- tesse de Flandres and Due de Nassau, and was again leading for a collection of twelve in 12-inch pots, having small pyramid-trained plants in good con- dition. Mr. C. Turner also showed an excellent lot of Pelargoniums, and was again placed 1st for six plants, any section; but 2nd for six fancies, where Mr. D. Phillips, Langley Broom, Slough, was lead- ing, as also for a group of six from amateurs, Kingston Beauty, Delicatum, and Mrs. Potter, being capitally flowered varieties; while Mr. Turner's best were East Lynne, Prince of Prussia, and Ellen Black. Collections of herbaceous plants and alpines were sent by Messrs. Paul & Son, Old Nurseries, Ches- hunt, who were awarded 1st in both classes ; among the plants included were Trillium grandifiorum, Saxifraga muscoides purpurea, Arnebia echoides, Cypripedium calceolus, Primula japonica, &c. Orchids were not largely shown, and the prizes were awarded without any competition. Mr. Whillaus, May 17, 1800.] THE GAUbEtiEfiS1 CHUONlCLE. e-23 gr. to the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim, Wood- stock, hail 1st for a collection of twelve plant", showing finely-grown specimens of large size ; a piece ot Odontoglossum Sceptrum had five spikes of bloom, and each flower measured over 4 inches across; Dendrobinm thyrsiflorum. L.-e'.ia purpurata, Cvpripedium selligerum, and C. caudatum, also deserve mention. Mr. Howard, gr. to H. Little, Esq., Twickenham, was awarded 1st for a collection (no number speci- fied), Lycaste Skinneri, Cymbidium Lowi, Ci citrina, and Cvpripedium cauda'um, being among the best. Roses were fairly numerous, and of average quality. Mr. \Y. Ramsey had the best collection of twenty plants, and Messrs. W. Paul & Son led for nine (distinct), both having evenly flowered specimens of popular varieties. Xon-competing collections were numerous, among them being an extensive and effectively arranged group of choice Orchid", including Cattleyas, I I lon- japonicum laciniatum, with the first divisions of the bright green leaf pinnatifid : and Xephrolepis cor- data compacta, having fronds 1 foot long — very compact ; also Cytisus seiparius Andreanus, Abies excelsa mutabilis, and Juniperus canadens's aurea (for all of which see the Royal Horticultural S ciety's report). Messrs. J. Laing had a good group of Caladiums, Begonias, and foliage plants, with a few Orchids, in which the following were conspicuous: — Begonia Mammoth,, double, large bright red ; B. Princess Victoria, single, white, with crimson undulate edge ; B. Rosy Morn, double, large rosy-carmine — loose flower ; B. Duchess of Portland, double, moderate size, solid dower, deep red and white centre; and B. Profusion, single, large, and old gold or apricot colour; also Caladium Gaspard Crayer, the leaf having a rosy-red centre and veins, with a very dark green edging ; and C. Mrs. H. Veitch, whitish-pink ground, with rose veins. A Small Silver-gilt Medal was given. and a good example of Medinilla magninca came from Mr. Keif, gr. to T. J. Waller, Esq , Regent's Park. The list of certificates will be given next week. CRYSTAL PALACE. May 10. — The show held last Saturday was deci- dedly poorer and smaller than has been the case for some years at the Crystal Palace, and not for want of liberal prizes. The exhibits in the amaturs' sec- tion were of liner quality than those in the open classes, and, indeed, some of the plants were very creditable examples. For six stove and greenhouse plants (amateurs), Mr. W. Chapman, gr. to J. Spode, Esq., Rugeley, Staffs, was a capital 1st ; and he also had nine good specimens in the open class, when he again led. Among the best plants were Darwinia tulipifera, FlO, 105.— OLBABIA OONMANA: FLOWBR9 WHITE. i-n: 1'. 01',' I toglossums, and Oncidiums, Cliveas, and foliage plants, lor which a Silver-gilt Medal was given. Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Xurseries, Tottenham, contributed a group of Tree PaBonies and cut herbaceous plants, including Trollius Caucasian aurautiacus, a bright orange form (Silver Medal ». Mi ssrs. Paul ,'v S 'ii, (in shunt, sent a group of cat flowering shrubs and ornamental Maples, including those plants referred to in the Itoyal Horticultural Society's report (Bronze Medal). Mr. J. Walker, Thame, received a Large Bronze Medal, fora number of cat Mare-chal Niel Uoses; a similar award being made to Mr. Turner, for a group of well-grown 1, ilium Harrisi, who also had Azalea .1. T. 1). Llewelyn, a donble Bower, rosy-pink, fading oil to while at the edges of the petal's. From M Veitch *'c Sons, Chelsea, came a collection of interest- ing plants, for which a Silver Medal was given ; among the constituents of the group were Ledums, Daphne cneorum. hardy Azaleas, Phyllocactus Brilliant, scarlet - red ; P. Exquisite, soft rose; Rhododendron The Queen, a greenhouse hybrid, with delicate cream-yellow flowers; Gloxinia Mr. J. Donaldson, Very bright and intense red ; Acer Messrs, W. Paul ,v. Son, Waltham Cross, had a Large .Silver Medal for an extensive group of pot and cut Roses, including Souvenir de S. A. Prince, Claire Jacquier, Catherine Soupert, &c. Messrs. Il.irr & Son, King Street, I 'ovent lianlen, warded a Bronze Medal for a collection of cut of Daffodils, Tulips, and Anemones, in- cluding Tulipa elegans alba, creamy-white, with a pie edge; a similar award going to Messrs. Kelwai & Son for a collection of continental Poeonies and other flowers, including Syringa alba grandiflora, a pure white lilac, with large flowers. Messrs. J. & J. Haves, Lower Edmonton, sent a group of show r'elargoniums, the variety Empress of India being very tine. It is rich scarlet, with a white edge, spot very large and crini-i n. Mr. (i. T. White, Winchmore Hill, had a small collection of Orchids, chiefly varieties of Cattleya Mendelii, one variety of which named albens was very attractive. It is a pure white, with a yellow throat, and the just faintest trace of crimson on the lip. Silver Medal. Mr. Knight, Farnborougb, had his yellow spathed Calla (see Royal Horticultural Society's Report) ; Tremandra ereciicfolia, Aphelexis grandiflora, and Ericas. Mr. .1. Ford, gr. to Sir C. Pigott, Bart., Wexham Park, Slough, was a good 1st for six line foliage plants (amateurs), with vigorous specimens of Dief- fenbachia gigantea, Latania borbonica, and Alocasia metallica. This exhibitor was also very strong with Calceolarias in both the amateur and open classes, having very finely flowered and healthy plants. A large and successful exhibitor was Mr. .1. Oder, gr. to C. Warren, Esq., Handcross Park, Crawley, who came in 2nd for stove and greenhouse and for fine foliage plants in the amateur's classes, and was leading for nine tine foliage plants in the open class, having Cycas revo- luta and C. circinalis in fine condition in this section. He also had the best Crotons (including a grand C. angusti(olius),and the best nine stove and greenhouse Kerns, Cyathea Smithii and Cibotium Schiedei being noticeable examples. In the amateurs' class he n reived It lor Draeienas, and also for six green- house Azaleas showing profusely flowered pyramids, one of the best features of the show, Model, Baronne Vriere, Mrs. Turner and Due de Nassau may be named. 624 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE, [May 17, 1890. Mr. C. Turner, Royal Nursery, Slough, was leading for Azaleas in the open class, having smallish ex- amples, (irandis, Charmer, and Mrs. Turner heing the best varieties. Mr. Turner also had a grand specimen of Azalea Due de Nassau, which was judged to he the best specimen greenhouse plant, while the best specimen stove plant was Ixora Dixiana, trom Mr. W. Chapman. Mr. J. R. Bird, Dulwich, had some well-grown 1 h acsenas, and .Air. W. Clark, gr. to W. Sopper, Esq , Heme Hill, showed well-flowered Gloxinias ; also a box of cut flowers of stove plants, winning 1st for both. Mr. Prewett, Hammersmith, also re- ceived 1st for a collection of cut flowers of stove plants. Orchids were shown only by Mr. J. Douglas. Great Gearies, Ilford, who was awarded 1st in the amateur's class, and 2nd in the open. A specimen of Cypri- pedium caudatum had sepals 2'.l inches long. Bouquets and made up floral arrangements were numerous, and of decidedly good quality. Messrs. Perkins & Son, Coventry, and Mr. G. Newman, Bromley, were awarded prizes in the order named in the two leading classes, and each had tasteful and elegant exhibits. Pelargoniums were a good feature, and Mr. ('. Turner and Mr. D. Phillips, Langley Broom, Slough, were in close competition. Mr. Turner led for a collection of eighteen show and decorative varieties, and he also had the best lot of fancies, and Mr. Phillips was 2nd in both instances. In the class for nine show and decorative varieties, the order of merit was reversed. Mr. Turner's best specimens were seen in Marguerite. Triomphe de St. Maude, Spotted Beauty, Bosetta, Delecatum, East Lynne, The Shah, and Empress of Russia ; while Mr. Phillips' best were Kingston Beauty, Prince Leopold. Lady Isabel, Gloriana, Miss Inez, and Duchess of Edinburgh. A collection of grand specimen Caladiums was shown by Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, for which they were deservedly placed 1st. LAutomne, Candidum, Mithridate, Clio, and Souvenir de Mdme. Bervart were very fine plants. Roses were fairly good. Mr. W. Rumsey, Joyn- ing's Nursery, Cheshunt, N., was placed 1st in a close competition, having a well-flowered collection, Thomas Mills, Centifolia Rosea, and Alagna Charta, were very well represented ; Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, and Mr. C. Turner, Slough, were respec- tively 2nd and .'Ird. Among the miscellaneous collections were a group of several varieties of Narcissi, &c, from Messrs. Barr ct Son ; a collection of hardy herbaceous plants from Mr. T. S. Ware, Hale Farm Nurseries, Totten- ham ; Messrs. W. Paul & Son, Waltham Cross, N, had an extensive group of well-flowered Roses, and which included the recent novelty, Corinna ; and a box of good specimens of Marechal Niel came from Mr. J. Prewett, Hammersmith ; Messrs. Rider & Son, Manchester, contributed a few varieties of Primula Sieboldi ; a collection of Calceolarias, finely flowered and vigorous, came from Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading; a group of Amhurium Scherzeria- num and Sarracenias were staged by Messrs. J. Peed & Sons, Roupell Park, S.E.; Messrs. Paul & Son, Cheshunt, had a collection of herbaceous plants, and also a flowering branch of Genista Andreana, with flowers of yellow and brown ; Messrs. J. Carter & Co., High Ilolborn, London, had a pale yellow Wallflower, under the name of Miss Primrose Carter — a distinct if not very showy variety; Messrs. .1. Eaing & Sons sent a collection of Tuberous Begonias, in which one named Mammoth, very large, bright red, and quite double, was distinct ; and from Messrs. Balchin& Sons, Hassock's Gate, Sussex, came plants of that fine-coloured flower, Leschenaultia biloba major. THE SCOTTISH PRIMULA AND AURICULA. This Society held its fourth annual show in the City Assembly Rooms, Dundee, on the 8th inst. The show, a very good one, was the best that has yet been held under the auspices of the Society, and the committee may be congratulated for deciding to have the show in Dundee this season. Financially the result was very gratifying, the takings for admis- sion being more than double those of Edinburgh last year. This will enable the energetic secretary, Mr. W. Straton, and his committee, to increase the prize- list in desirable directions, and thereby add to the popularity of those plants, the cultivation of which the Society is so desirous of fostering. Auriculas generally were very" line, and the competition keen. The following is briefly the competition in the principal classes: — Stage Auriculas, six dissimilar. — Eight competi- tors staged in this class; Mr. W. Kilgour, Blair Drummond, was 1st, with a well-grown lot of plants, consisting of Mrs. A. Potts, Beeston's Apollo, George Lightbody, Lancashire Hero, Acme, and A. Millar, self (Kilgour's). Mr. J. D. Ker, Douglasfield, Dundee, was 2nd, with Acme, George Lightbody, Black Bess, F. 1). Horner, Col. Taylor, and George Rudd ; Mr. .T. Black, East Calder, was .3rd, with George Lightbody, Brunette, John Simonite, Mrs. A. Potts, F. D. Horner, and Mrs. Dodwell. Four, dissimilar. — Here Mr. Kilgour again took 1st honours, with Talisman, Acme, Blackbird, and Geo. Rudd; Mr. J. D. Ker was 2nd, with Acme, Ueorge Lightbody, Blackbird, and Col. Taylor; Mr. W. Straton, Droughty Ferry, was a close .'.Ird, with Lancashire Hero, Acme, Blackbird, and Alex. Meiklejohn. Two, dissimilar, brought Mr. Ker again to the front, with George Lightbody and F. D. Horner ; Mr. Ker 2nd, with Acme and George Lightbody ; Mr. John Menzies, Duns, was 3rd, with Acme and Mrs. Krskine, self (Morris). For one green-edge, Mr. Menzies outdistanced all with an admirable Prince of Greens, that also secured the prizes for the best green-edged flower and the best plant in the show. In every good quality it was, in its class, perfect, and it has rarely been excelled ; the truss, a fully developed one, bore nine pips. Mr. Kilgour took 2nd and 3rd honours, with F. D. Horner and with Lancashire Hero respectively. One grey-edge. — Here Mr. J. D. Ker had the com- petition and the honours all to himself, taking Ft, 2nd, and 3rd prizes, with Alex. Meiklejohn, G. liudd, and G. Lightbody in their order. One white-edge. — 1st and 2nd prizes went to Mr. Kilgour, with John Simonite and Regular (Ashton's), in their order. Mr. Ker was .'Jul, with John Simonite. One self. — 1st, Mr. Galloway, Gagie, Forfarshire, with l'aronella (Headley's) ; 2nd, Mr. J. Menzies, with Black Bess ; .'Ird, Mr. Kilgour, with Heroine. The premier white Acme was set up by Mr. Kil- gour; tlie premier grey, George Lightbody, by Mr. Kilgour ; and the premier self, Mrs. A. Fotts, by Mr. Kilgour. A special prize and certificate were awarded to Mr. Kilgour for a seedling blue self named Vidette ; four competitors entered this contest. In the alpine classes, Messrs. Kilgour, Menzies, W. Storrie, Lenzie, and Black, were prize-taking competitors. In the classes for Polyanthus. Messrs. Menzies, W. Straton and O. Straton, Brought)- Ferry, were the prize-takers. Exhibits from nurserymen and private gardeners added much to the interest of the show. Messrs. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee, had a fine miscellaneous group of plants staged on the floor, consisting of Hydrangeas, I, ilium Harrisi, Gladiolus The Bride, choice and beautifully coloured Conifers, &c. Messrs. Peter Barr & Son, London, exhibited a numerous collection of Narcissi. Messrs. D. & W. Croll set up a fine group of stove and greenhouse plants, and Messrs. Storrie & Storrie exhibited an attractive group of stove and greenhouse plants, among which were some well-bloomed Erica Cavendishiana, Boronia elatior, and B. Drummondii, along with hardy spring flowers and florists' flowers. Jl". S. GHENT. The 154th exhibition of the Royal Agricultural and Botanical Society was held on May 11. The large hall of the Casino was literally packed with interesting and varied collections, of which we can only note a few, Orchitis. — A collection of forty specimens of great merit came from M. J. Hye Leysen, to whom an " objet d'art " was awarded by acclamation. Amongst the plants were Miltonia vexillaria var. Hyeana, good in size and colouring; Odontoglossum Pescatorei Hyeanum, a superb variety with deep purple spots on the inner side of the petals, and which seen by transmitted light have a fine effect; Odontoglossum crispum, with a well-marked lip ; a very tine variety of O. guttatum ; Cattleya Lawrenceana ; C. Mendeli, of extraordinary dimen- sions ; Cypripedium Schroderae, of large size, and well flowered ; Trichopilia suavis, with deep red spots ; Uncidiurn monachicum, Masdevallia Veitchii. Odontoglossum Andersoni, and 0. citrosmum, with four fine spikes. In the interesting collection of M. Van Imschoot were Epidendrum Stamfordianum Wallisii, Dendro- bium Jamesianum, Phalainopsis Luddemanniana, Cattleya Mossi.T-, Cypripedium caudatum, Odonto- glossum Keichenheimii, and a superb Ltclia elegans. MM. Vervaet & Co. showed a good group, inclu- ding good forms of ( Ulontoglossum hastilabium luteo- purpureum, O. Ruckerianum, Cattleya Mendelii, Oncidium phymatochilum, and an Odontoglossum crispum, with pure white Mowers. New Plants. — M. Auguste van Geert showed fine examples of Boronia heterophylla, Nephthytis pictu- rata, Cuprania eleeantissima, Begonia Arthur Malet. M. Ed. Pynaert Van Geert had Nidularium ama- zonicum var. rubro-striatum.Curmeria Leopoldi.Cara- guata Peacockii fol. rubris, Canistrum Leopardinum, and Pandanus Glaziovianus. A fine Anthurium, called Flambeau, came from M. Louis de Srnet ; a seedling Anthurium, from M. Dalliere, like Roths- childianum, but superior to it; Cytisus scoparius Andreanus, from MM. Dubois; and white-flowered Azalea mollis from M. Louis de Smet. Stove Plants. — M. Dalliere sent a fine collection of foliage plants. M. Louis de Smet exhibited twenty forms of Anthurium Scherzerianum, of large size, with bold foliage, large spathes, brilliantly coloured ; amongst them were the varieties Wardianum, san- guineum, giganteum, grandiflorum, and Madame Arthur de Smet. For this group, which formed one of the features of the exhibition, a Gold Medal was awarded. A fine Canistrum Sallieri came from M. Moens, and an unrivalled specimen of Anthu- lium Hookeri from the Countess Kerchove, of Denterghem. Palms, Cycads, Ferns. — An admirable lot of twenty-live large Palms came from MM. De Smet Freres, containing Glaziova insignis, Cocos Wed- delliana, Juba-a spectabilis, Kentia australis, an exceptionally fine K. Canterburyana, and the rare Pritchardia Martiana. In the group shown by M. de (ihellinck de Walle were Kentia Belmoreana, Brahea dulcis, Areca Baueri, and Thrinax Chuco. M. Auguste Van Geert had Washingtonia robusta, Areca sapida, and A. Baueri, Kentia MacArthuri, and K. Wendlandi. Countess Kerchove showed a fine specimen of Kentia Fosteriana, M. Spae Vander Meulen a Latania robusta, M. B. Spae an Areca Baueri, M. Pynaert a Chamserops, and M. Van Geert a remarkable specimen of Bismarckia nobilis. These were all fine specimens of choice Palms. A number of fine Cycads came from M. Ghel- linck de Walle, including a unique specimen of Zamia Katzeri, a tine Lepidozamia PeroflTskiana, and L. MacLeayii. Among Ferns, mention may be made of the Tree Ferns of MM. de Smet Freres. especially their Cyathea dealbata. Miscellaneous Plants. — Here may be mentioned a tine series shown by M.deSmet-Duvivier, well selected and well cultivated. Among them were Philesia buxifolia, Asparagus comorensis, Hebeclinium atro- rubens, and Medinilla magnirtca. Plants in Flower. — M. Kosseel, Secretary of the Society, sent fine Cliveas, M. Boelens fifty fine Amaryllis, the Countess Kerchove and M. Ghellinck de Walle remarkable groups of Azaleas. M. Pynaert showed a collection of the hybrids between Azalea mollis and A. sinensis, with bright lustrous colours. MM. Baumann, Pynaert, and De Smet FYeres con- tributed Rhododendrons. Among the Jury, which was presided over by Count Oswald de Kerchove, were Messrs. Protheroe and Shuttleworth. Ch. D. B. The Weather. THE PAST WEEK. The following summary record of the weather for the week ending May 10, is furnished from the Meteorological Ultice : — " The weather has been in an unsettled, change- able condition, with cloudy skies and frequent, and in some cases heavy, falls of rain. Thunder and lightning have occurred from time to time in various parts of the kingdom. In the Hebrides and Shet' lands the weather was generally fine and bright. "The temperature has been above the mean in Scotland and Ireland, as well in ' England, N.W.' and ' England, S.,' but in the other English districts it has not differed materially from the normal. The highest of the maxima, which were registered during the earlier days of the period, ranged from 65° in ' Ireland, S.,' and ' England, N.W.,' to 71° in ' Eng- land, E.,' and 72° in the ' Midland Counties.' The lowest of the minima were recorded either on the Mat 17, 1890.] THE GAFDEXEFS' CHFOXICLE. 6 25 6th or 7th, and varied from 31° in ' Scotland, E.,' to 39° in ' Scotland, W.' In the ' Channel Islands ' the thermometer did not fall below 45°. " The rainfall has been somewhat less than the mean in the north and east of Scotland, and the north of Ireland, and about equal to it in 'England, N.W. ; " in all other parts of the kingdom a rather decided excess is shown, especially in the east of England, where the total fall for the week was about three times the average. " Bright sunshine has been slightly more prevalent than it was last week in ' Scotland, N.,' but in all other districts there has been a very considerable decrease. The percentage of the possible amount of duration ranged from 17 in ' England, N.E.,' and 22 in ' Scotland, E.,' and the ' Midland Counties,' to 38 in ' Scotland, YV.,' 46 in ' Scotland, N.,' and 47 in the ' Channel Islands.' " [By the term "accumulated temperature" is meant a figure representing the aggregate amount, as well as the dura- tion, of the excess or defect of temperature above or below 42° Fahr. for the period named ; and this combined result is explained in Day-degrees — a "Day-degree" signifying 1° continued for twenty-four hours, or any other number of degrees for an inversely proportional number of hours.] Rainfall. Bright Iff Accumulated. a s § s T'S 1 k I Q 1 i 1 ■2 . A s 1 - Z' 7 ij Q °5s + 5 23 Vi J < a fl 1 »4 9 3 3 a a |a w H Day- Day- Day- Day- lOths In. deg. deg. deg deg. Inch. 1 6 + 59 0 + Ml - 61 4 — 90 18.2 46 27 3 2 4- J7 0 4- 57 — 55 1 — 75 9.9 21 .'■ 3 Oav. •H (1 + 21 — 91 6 4- • 17 28 4 1 — 60 II - 35 8 + ;-• .-." 28 .3.3 6 Oav. 63 0 4- 11 — 24 4 4- 68 7.3 23 28 6 1 4- 89 0 i — 67 5 + 58 9.2 27 30 7 1 + 68 0 4- 61 - 7-' 1 + 79 18.6 :i« .'.i 8 99 0 IS — 61 Oar. 74 10.3 38 27 9 0 av. 66 0 4- K 4- 1* 3 4- 77 13.1 :"• 33 10 - 67 0 - 53 3 — 84 ii. - :n 11 1 + 69 0 + 23 — 13 2 4- 35 te i 31 31 l.1 73 0 - 4 4- s.i 11.3 17 the first column an Principal Wheat-producing Districts — 1, Scotland, N. 2, Scotland, E. ; 3, England, N.E. ; 4, England, E. 6, Midland Counties ; A. England, S. Principal Grazing S[C., Districts — 7, Scotland. W. ; 8, England, N.W. ; 9. England. S.W.; 10, Ireland, N. ; 11, Ireland, S. ; 13, Channel Islands. Markets. COVENT GARDEN. May 15. Large supplies of indoor fruit to hand. Prices lower, ilrapes especially meeting with a very dull trade. Business generally steady. Jama Webber, Wholesale Apple Market. Plants ih Pots.— Aveiuok Wholesale Pbioes. s.d.s.d. s.d.s.d. Aralia Sieboldi. dot. 6 0-18 0 rdoz. 8 0-12 0 I 0-42 0 6-10 6 0-3 0 I 0-10 0 , 0-12 0 i 0-12 0 , I.ih. ...18 I A9pidistria, doz. — speci. plants, each 7 Azaleas, various, each 2 Cineraria, per doz.... Cyperus, per dozen . Dielytra, per doz. ... lirn , ii i terminalis, per dozen 30 — viridis, per doz. 12 Erica Cavendishii. per dozen — ventricc Euouymus, per dozen Evergreens, per dozen Picus elastics, each . 1 Genista, per doz. ... 8 Heliotrope, per doz. 6 Hydrangeas, doz. ...12 Liliui 0-12 0 ,i- ',, ,i 0-18 0 I*T doz. 16 ... 8 doz. 8 Ferns, in var., doz. 4 Foliage plants, vari- b 2 0-34 0 0-21 0 O-IS 0 Lily of the Valley, p. doz. pots 12 Lobelia, per dozen ... 5 Marguenu$s, doz. ... 6 Mignonette, per doz. 5 Musk, per dozen ... 4 Palms in var., each 2 Pelargoniums, scar- let, per dozen ... 6 — per doz 12 Roses, various, doz. 12 — (Fairy), per. doz. - Saxifrage, per doz....l 6 Solanums, per dozen 6 Tulips, doz. pots ... 6 0-18 0 0-6 0 0-12 0 0-9 0 0-6 0 6-21 0 0-8 0 0-24 0 0-z4 0 O-10 0 ii _'l i) 0-13 " 0- 9 0 Cut Flowers.— Average Wholesale Prices. s.d.s.d. f.o Abutilons, 12 bun. ... 2 0- 4 0 Marguerites, 12 bun. 3 ( Azaleas, doz. sprays 0 6-10 Pelargoniums, Bcarlet, Bluebells, doz. bun. .10-20 12 spr 0 4 Bouvardias, per bun. 0 8-10 — dozen sprays... 0 Callaa3thiopica,12bl. 3 0- 5 0 | Primroses, 12 bun. ... 0 Carnations, 12 blms. 10-20! Primulas, double, 12 Cowslips, doz. bun. .10-16! sprays 1 Daffodils, 12 bunches 3 0-60 Roses, Tea, per doz. 0 Eucharis, per dozen 4 0-60; — coloured, dozen. 2 Gardenias, 12 blooms 16-40 Heliotropes, 12 spr. 0 6-10 Lilac, white.Fr., bun. 4 0-60 Lilium, var., 12 bl.... 2 0-60 Lily of the Valley, per doz. bunches... Maiden Hair Fern. French, dozen — red, per dozen ... 2 — Safrano. dozen... 1 Spirea, doz. sprays... 0 Stephanotis, 12 spr. 2 0-12 0 Tuberoses. 12 bims.... 1 Tulips, doz. bunches 3 12 bun 4 0-90 — (Dutch).inboies, 2 Mignonette, 12 bun. 2 0-40 Violets. 12 bun ... 1 — French, per bun. 16-20 — French, bunch ... 1 Narcissus, various, — Parma, bunch ... 3 doz. bun 16-60 Wallflowers, 12 bun. 2 Orchld-bloom in variety. Fruit.— average Wholesale Prices. s.d. s.d. Apples, f-sieve ... 1 6-7 0 — Nova Scotia.brl.12 0-25 0 — Tasmanian.caselo 0-20 0 Grapes, lb. ... 2 0-4 0 Lemons, per case... 13 0-20 0 6-0 9 0- 1 6 6-16 0- 4 u 0-2 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 6-10 0-4 0 0-2 0 0-6 0 0-4 0 0-2 0 0- 2 u 0- 5 0 0-4 0 Melons, each ... 2 0-50 Peaches, dozen. ... 6 0-20 0 Pine-app'es, St. Mi- chael, each ...20-60 Strawberries, lb. ... 2 0- 6 0 Vegetables. f. Asparagus, English, perliO 12 Beans, French, lb. ... 2 Beet, red, per dozen 1 Carrote, per bunch... 0 Cauliflowers, each ... 0 Celery, per bundle ... 1 Cucumbers, each ... 1 Endive, per dozen ... 2 Herbs, per bunch ... 0 Leeks, per bunch ... 0 Lettuces. per dozen... 1 Mushrooms, punnet 1 —Average Retail Prices. d. i. d. i Mustard and Cress, 0- net 0- ... Onions, per bunch ... 0 I 0-2 0 Parsley, per bunch... 0 t 6- ... Rhubarb, per bundle 0 i 3- ... Seakale, punnet ... 2 I 6-2 0 Shallots, per lb. ... 0 i 0-16 Spinach, per bushel... 6 < 0- ... Sprue, per bundle ... 1 I 4- ... BrusselSprouts.prlb. 0 : 3- ... Tomatos, per lb. ... 1 I 6- ... Turnips, per bunch, 0 4- \r iv.,u,if Men Potato, both from Malta and the islands, have been very Light during the last right ii.iy-, consequently prioee advance If . to 6t. per cwt, Some ma are now beinglanded, which will reduce prioee again. outdoor), made a good start on Thursday, over l'ihi-i i - being Bold .it 24s. to 38*. ; Foreign from 13 <>H Potato stock has been considerably reduoed linoe hut report, prices, iirm. J. B. Thomas. SEEDS. London : May 14. — Messrs. John Shaw & Sons, seed merchants, ol 37, Mark Lane, London, report to-day's market as is usual at this season, inactive. The sowing demand for seeds is now very nearly over, whilst of speculative purchasing scarcely auy yet shows itself. In Trefoil, owing to continued bad crop reports, the late advance is well maintained. Clover seeds all round are without quotable alteration. There is likewise this week no change in bird seeds. Fine blue Peas, by reason of their scarcity, are dearer. Mustard and Kapeseed keep firm. Bedding plants in variety in boxes, and also in pots. CORN. Averages. — Official statement of the average prices of British corn, imperial measure, lor the week ending May 10: — -Wheat, 31s. 7$ FOR PLANTS. QUICK. LASTING. ECONOMICAL. This is a Plant Food of great excellence, carefully prepared with the view of supplying a manure which shall contain all the elements necessary for the Perfection of Plant Life, and at the same time be QUICK IN ACTION, LASTING, AND ECON'l IMICA1. The ingredients have been so arranged that, whilst accele- rating luxurious growth, permanent beneht is secured by a continuance of nourishment to the plant. It is safe in use, and suitable for every purpose where a manure is required. Sold by Seedsmen. Florists, and A'urseri/rnen. in 6d. and ' IS. Packets, and SEALED BAGS:— 7 lb. 14.1b. 28 lb. 56 lb. 112 lb. 2s. 6d. 4s. 6d. 7s. 6d. 12s. 6d. 20s. The above Trade Mark is printed on every Packet and Bag. and also impressed on the Lead Seal attached to the mouth of >ipt of Is. S. C. CLAY, MARSH ISLAND, STRATFORD NEW TOWN, LONDON, E. NO CONNECTION WITH AXV OTHEU FIHM. Mat 17, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 627 'tS^Sf^g^ HIGHLY CONCENTRATED -MIXES INSTANTLY WITH WATER. For use in the Conservatory Greenhouse' and Vinery ; Flower and Kitchen Garden, the Hop-yard, and the Orchard. Practically Tested by Practical Gardener*. Acknowledged to be the most Perfect Insecticide yet Invented. From Mr. R. Tl'EVEY. Head Gardeoer to Sir Richard Webster, Q.C., M.P., Winterfold Gardens, Cranleigh, Surrey.— " Yours ts the best Insecticide that has come under my notice; it not only destroys the ' pests,' but imparts a healthy look to the plants." From Mr. F. Ash, The Gardens, Government House, EJVI. College. Yorktown, Surrey.—" I am pleased to say I found your In- se< ticidealllcould desire after a good trial ; safe for the most tender foliag^d plants. I can confidently nvonim.Mid it toanyoue." From Mr. G. Willers. Nurseryman and Florist, Trumpington Road, Cambridge. — " We have given Demon Insecticide a it to be the best preparation for the destruction of insects, &c, infesting plant life. We shall continue fair trial. nials and all particulars Free on application. id bel: id recommend it to our friend' Forth jrTestii PRICES— Carriage Paid to any Address :— 1 pint. ls.Gd.; ] quart, 2s. ; ± gal., 3s. ; 1 gal., 4s. 6d. ; 2 gals., 8s. 6d.; 4 gal Special Quotations for Larger Quantities. Sole Inventors and Proprietors :— DEIGHTON & CO. (Operative Chemists), BRIDGNORTH. 1 1: A m-: MARK. CUPROLENE TILE IS FALLIBLE Weed Killer. PRICES, Carriage Paid, to any Railway Station on 4 gallons and over :— 4 Gallons, sufficient for 100 gallons of water... £0 6 6 8 .. .. L'OO „ 0 12 0 16 ., „ 400 „ 12 0 40 ,. „ 1000 „ 2 7 6 I 1 gal. Sample Tin, tin free. 2s. ; 2 gals., tin free, 3s. el- oper Cent. di> ->h order on amount.'; of £\ and upwards. To Ireland. Scotland, and Channel carriage only paid on 12 gallons ana Sole Inventors and Proprietors, DEICHT0N&C0.,E BRIDGNORTH. £2 R. HALLIDAY & CO., HOTHOUSE BUILDERS and HOT-WATER. ENGINEERS, ROYAL HORTICULTURAL WORKS, MIDDLETON, MANCHESTER. Vineries. Stoves, Greenhouses. Peach Houses, Forcing Houses, &c, ronstructed on_our Improved pis and (or pra<:- . QOmy, and durability « nly do c perfection bfl n and that thk ConservatorleB and Winter Gardens d'^'k'n-i nr-hitecturally correct without the assistance of a from nt,- unalles. to tic Largest. Hot-water Heating Apparatus, with really reliable Koilers, erected, m all cases. Melon Frames, Sashes, Hotbed Boxes, &c, always Ln stock. Plans, Estimates and Cat>ili>ijuf< fr>:e. Custnjners wotted on xn any part oj the Kingdom. Our Maxim in and always* ha* been — MODERATE CHARGES. FIRST-CLASS WORK. THE BEST MATERIALS y one out of our firm, ud success guaranteed BONES ! BONES! BONES ! CRUSHED BONES ^^or1268' VINE BORDERS, LAWNS, POTTINC, CRASS LANDS, &c. Also BONE MEAL for BOULTRY REEDING . GARDEN GUANO, DISSOLVED BONES, SPECIAL MANURES and FERTILISERS for all purposes. — For prices apply to HARRISON, BARBER & CO., Limited, GARRATT LANE, WANDSWORTH, SURREY. AGENTS R i \ 1 1- li AGENTS WANTED Established 18I8. 55, LIONEL STREET, BIRMINGHAM. HENRY HOPE HORTICULTURAL BUILDER and HEATING ENGINEER. NEW CATALOGUE nf Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will lie sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to ^ this advertisement. NEW CATALOGUE of Greenhouses & Garden Frames, just issued, will Ije sent, post-free, to any address, on reference to this advertisement. SEND FOR NEW PRICED ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. C Three Valuable Friends. LIBRAN'S SHADING acts as a beautiful shade during sunny weather, but becomes almost trans- Greenhouse Friend. P".™1 during raui-reappeariugagain as the glass dries. I nhke other pre- parations, it shades only at the particular time wanted. Practical growers are noting this. Non poisonous. Is., Is. 9d., and 2s. 9d. per packet, post-free. T EMON-OIL is fast superseding all other In- -n-l sectieides, being cheaper, far more certain, and can Plant Friend safel>' tje usea D? any amateur. If vou want • beautiful foliage and healthy plants, try this. Post-free: pints, Is. V)d. ; quarts, 3s. 3d. ; half-gal., 5s. 9d. "PUCGARIS MITE-KILLER.— This valuable J— ^ compound enables everyone to grow and flower Eucharis Eucharis Friend sPlenuilily. and has saved thousands of nil 1m butbs which oth destroyed. See Testimonials. Post-free: J pints, 1/9; pints, 2/9; quarts, 4/9) [gal., - Or from your Seedsman. CLTBRsN'S, Oldfleld Nurseries, ALTRINCHAM ; Also 10 and 12, Market Street, .Manchester. been III PEAT !!! SELECTED specially for Orchids, Choice Plants, Ferns, and Rhododendrons. 1'EAT-MOULD, LEAF-MOULD, LOAM, Coarse and Fine SILVER SAND. SPHAGNUM, COCOA KtRUE REFUSE. CHARCOAL. See. A First-class Stock of FOREST. FRUIT, and ROSE TREES. CONIFERS, RHODO- DENDRONS,&c. l'EAT MOSS LITTER. Special railway rates. EPPS & CO., The Old-established PeatDepOt, Ringwood, Hants. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES", as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel. 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2fs doz. ; Heavy Petersburg. 7 ft. by 3 ft. Sins., 12s. doz. SPECIALITY TOBACCO PAPER. lOrf. per It... 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH, Is. per lb., 28 lb. for 26s. ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. PEAT, LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT and Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, South war* Street, London, S.E. "ROSIKA" 'iv ide U t1. Registered Effect h '-, Harmless. iptlv da us Soeei andaUplantsfromgr tlv. caterpillars, jpid and other hi t ;ie It nil who have tried it for i Leasant T Od.nir, I lie fai ility \, itli win in applical ma ; --" 'Nit eud it, and ii is always readj to through Chenn |ta& See,|st„ F. SCHUTZE & CO., 35a, Aldersgate Street, London, EC. Apparatus for use of Rosika, 3 sizes, ] >, ;i,/., 8s„ and Is.tid. O MARKET GARDENERS, &c— To t i row T us.- Sl'LPH \TK nf AMMONIA. One trial will prove tin- gr.-;it value of this U mure, and ensure its constant use hereafter. It can be applied i-iih.-r sojorutoly or mixed with ordinary Stable or F:tr:n > ml M mure. Rose Trees end Garden Plants are much benefited by being watered with ;i weak solution once or twi. r :i wrrlt. I usi rm.'t ions on application, posl free. Price bee on rail, at Sheffield, 13s. per cwt., or 7s. per 56 \p. P.O. Orders payable to the Manager, Sheffield Gaa Company, Sheffield. GESHURST COMPOUND, used by leading Gardeners sire ]M.r.'.t n^iinst Red Spider, Mildew, Thrips, Green Fly, and other Blight. 1 to 2 ounces to the gallon of soft-water; 4 to 16 ounces as winter dressing (or Vines and Orchard-house. Trees; and in lather from the cake against American Blight. Has outlived many preparations intended to supersede it. Boxes. Is., '.is., and 10s. 6d. GISHURSTINE keeps Boots dry and soft on wet ground. Boxes, 6d. and Is., from the Trade, Wholesale from PRICE'S PATENT CANDLE COMPANY (Limited), London. RANSOMES' .tnbilee Meeting of the R.A.S.E., HER MA.IESTY THE QUEEN an.l H.R.H. PRINCESS VICTORIA of Prussia each pur- LAWN MOWERS, The Best ln the World. In all sizes iii sull every requ remeni "NEW AUTOMATON," the Best Clear Machi ••CHAIN AUTOMATON," the Besl CI,;,,,, M.„ I •• NEW PARIS,' " EDGE CUTTER,' •• HANK CI I II ft,' THE BES] P0 ■ ' Orders executed the Best Sin ill il i. ! the only one ol i the Rest for Cutting Slopos I HORSE - POWER MOWERS promptly by nil In RANSOMES, SIMS ii JEFFERIES, Ltd., IPSWICH. 628 THE GARDE NEBS' CHI? ONI CLE. [May 17, 1890. BOULTON & PAUL, No. 74.— THREE- QUARTER, SPAN GARDEN FRAME. The most useful of all FrurniM that are made, owing to the extra height and convenience for attention. The Lights are 2 inched thick, fitted with set-opes, and arranged to turn over, tuck and front, for ventilation. They are Glazed with 21-oz. English sheet glass, and painted three coats. Length. Width. 1 Light Frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft.^ 2 „ ,,8 „ by 6 „ 3 „ „ 12 „ by 6 „ 4 „ „ 16 „ by 6 „ 5 „ „ 20 „ by 6 „ 6 „ ,, 24 „ by 6 „ CARRIAGE paid to any goo is station in England and Wales, to Dublin, Cork, Glasgow, and Edinburgh, or statu ns equivalent. CUCUMBER FRAME LIGHTS. 6 by 4 feet, glazed and painted ... l'ts. each. Uuglazed and unpainted 6s. euih. Carriage paid on orders of 40s. value. SURVEYS MADE, and every description of Horticultural Buildings and Appliances fixed by experienced workmen iu any part of the kingdom. CATALOGUES of all our manufactures, including COK- SEKVATORIKs, GREENHOUSES, FRAMES. HOILER-i. HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS, IRON BUILDINGS, POULTRY and KENNEL REQUISITES, IRON FENCING, WIRE NETTING, &c. HILL & SMITH'S BLACK VARNISH for Preserving Ironwork, Wood, or Stone. (Registered Trade Mark.) An excellent substitute for oil paint, at one-third the cost. Used in all London Parks, at Windsor, and Kew Gardens, and on every important estate in the Kingdom. Has stood the test of forty years' trial. Requires no mixing; can be applied cold by any ordinary labourer. Price Is. Qd. per gallon at the manufactory, or carriage-paid to any railway station, 1*. Sd. per gallon in casks of 36, 18, or 9 gallons. s*t A tt m t r\ %7 Every Cask bears the above VA U A A U JS . Registered Trade Mark. Beware of cheap imitations. HILL & SMITH, Brlerley Ironworks, Dudley ; 118, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. ; 47, Dawson Street, Dublin. STEEL FENCING WIRE of all kinds. Barb Wire, Hay Bands, Wire Netting and Fencing Materials. Wood's Patent Wire Mattresses. Send for Price Lists to the LONGFORD WIRE, IRON and STEEL COMPANY, Ltd.. WARRINGTON. m , TRYLEETE'SOl^ ■ |oniron,wood &stone " allcolorscash/ A.LEETE&C9PAINTW0RKS.I29 LONDON R". SE OARDEN REQUISITE S.— of Machines always kept in Losdox, where Repairs are also executed by experienced London Address for Repairs : — 5, Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. 21-0Z. and 15-0Z. Foreign, of above eizas. in boxes of 100 feet and 200 feet super. English Glass, cut to buyers' sizes, at lowest prices, delivered free and sound in the country, in quantity. " HORTICULTURAL PUTTY." Own Special Manufacture. GEORGE FARMILOE & SONS. Lead, Glass, Oil, and Colour Merchants, 84, St. John Street, West Smlthneld, London, E.C. Stock Lists and Prices on application. Please quote Chronicle. fctftHRAClf E v "4 COALOa The Best and Cheapest Fuel for Greenhouse Boilers, Stoves, and Heating Apparatus. TJENDREFORGAN ANTHRACITE SMOKELESS COAL.— The UNITED ANTHRACITE COLLIERIES (Limited) supply their Nut or Cobble Coal (the Nuts being about the size of a Walnut, and the Cobbles about the size of a man's fist), delivered in truckloads to any railway station. This coal is absolutely smokeless, and it requires much less attention than any other description of fuel, burning for twelve hours AT LEAST without any supervision and giving from five to ten degrees more heat th.m coke. Quota- tions can be had on application to the Company's offices Ki, Lime Street, London, E.C. Quotations for London delivery can be obtained for the Northern. Western, and South Western districts from Messrs a. R. CARTER and SON. Coal Exchange, E.C; and fur the South-Eastern district, from Messrs. W. DOWELL and CO Coal Merchants, Greenwich, S.E. HELLIWELL'S PATEN C IMPERISHABLE CLAZINC WITHOUT PUTTY, FOR GREENHOUSES and all kinds of HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS. YARDS, RAILWAY STATIONS, and everv description of ROOF COVERING. Saves all Fainting and Puttying and Breakage, and is absolutely Watertight and Free from Drip. No more expensive at first co»t. All Houses can be taken to pieces and re-erected. Refer enees gi.en to works in all parts of the country of many standing:, Designs and Estimates F of Cost id Me nts taken Free Testimonials. "Shirburn Castle, January 5, 189 \ "Sir, — As you requested ray opinion of the houses which you erected for me some 1 years ago, I beg to inform you that Icon- sider them a \ erfect success, and I have recommended them to many of my neighbours. — You r^ truly (signed) Macclesfieli ." "Hornby Castle, Lancaster, February, 1890. "Major FOSTER 1ms much pleasure in htating that the vineries and forcing houses which we e erected by Mr. Hellt- weli in 1SS4. continue to give perfect satisfaction, both to him- self and his gardener." "Estate Office, Ripley, Yorkahh "Sir Henry Ingilby has much pleasi glazing work executed by you, under >oi the Ripley Castle Gardens, has been iu satisfactory. The work has stood its 8 < e, January 23, 1890. ire in stating that the ir patented system, at every respect 'entirely r and tear e tremely well, and has hit Ii-tIoo.-i nothing to keep it in repair." HELLIWELL, 9, Victoria Street, Westminster. C H EAP FRAM E S. PORTABLE CUCUMBER FRAMES. RHALLIDAY and CO. desire to draw • special attention to their Cucumber Frames, of which they always have a large stock, ready glazed and painted. They are made of the best materials, and can be put together and taken apart in a few minutes by any one. Prices, delivered free to any station in England : „ . 1-light frame, 4 ft. by 6 ft. ( Carriage ) 2 6 0 2-light frame, 8 ft. by 6 ft. J and [3 2 6 3-light frame, 12 ft. by 6 ft. 1 caseaS ( 4 15 0 (Might frame, 24 ft. by 6 ft. ( FR E E. ) 8 10 0 Larger sizes at proportionate prices. R. HALLIDAY & CO., Hothouse Builders and Engineers, Royal Horticultural Works, Mlddleton, Manchester. London Agent— Mr. 11. .Skklton. Seedsman, &c, ". Holloway Road, N. H O S . W . ROBINSON, Dennis Park Ironworks. Stourbridge. "ft l. Expansion Joiui Hot-water Pipes, y feet long. 6*. each; 4-in. Socket Hot-water Pipes, 9 feet long, 6s. 4a. each. Illustrated revised Price List on application, free. JIav 17. 1890.J THE GARB E NER S' C BR ONI CLE. 629 TRY THE NEW "TENNIS" LAWN MOWER. A beautifully designed, well constructed, and almost noise- less Uachioe. Durable, easy to work, and eminently suitable for I lie Tennis Ground, and aKo for Ornamental Gardening. Gearing is encased. Steel Cutters, made by a new process, are unbreakable. FOLLOWS & BATE, Ltd, Patentees aud Manufacturers of the Patent " Victoria," '■Climax," "Manchester." and Roval Anglo-American Lawn Mowers. 75,000 sold since 1899. Price LISTS on application. GORTON, MANCHESTER. Z*F To be obtained from ill respectable Ironmongers and Seed men throughoul the Kingdom, or, if en; difficult; is experienced, direct from the Manufi CONWAY C. WARNE / Bnoeeaaor to \ (.John Matthews/; The Potteries, WESTON-SUPER-MARE- FLOWER POTS. The Largest Manufacturer of HORTICULTURAL POTTERY IN TIIE WORLD. 21 Prize Medals. Thousands of Testimonials. PRICE I. isis FREE JAMES SENDALL & CO., CAMBRIDGE. CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, ORCHID HOUSES, VINERIES, &c, Erected in any part of the Kingdom. G Plans prepared to euit requirements. arranged with due regard to efficiency and Estimates and Lists free waited on. Apparatus iu fuel. Li THE NEW EASY LAWN MOWER. n HAS AN OPE N STEEL ROLLER. A man can work a 'JA-inch machniM WltHr The Front Roller, with simple adjust- ment for regulating b< ight o! rut, enables the machine to cut close to the ground, and to do tine work. besides adapting it for verge cutting. There la no .™i.-r working, no better finished, no stronger, mi more durable mow ex in i he market. ■' ■■■(;/ finnnwn- i/t<( Sudsmen, or from the .Soli: LtCenutt, SELIG, SONNENTHAL & CO., 85, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C. PROTECT YOUR CARDENS. NETTING supplied byG. ROBINSON at 35 square yards for is., [a oiled and dreaaed; will not rot if kept out in all weathers; *.-iil any width. Carriage paid on all orders over b$. Can be bent on approval. Commoner Netting at &U tumire yards for 1*. II undredfl Oi testimoniaJs, GEO. ROBINSON, Fish Merchant, RYE, SUSSEX. Established 800 years. H Y. VAN & CO., 25, Tooley Street, London Bridge, S.E. PROTECTION for FRUIT and FLOWERS, GARDEN NETTING, 2 yards wide, IJrf., or per yards, lii«.-, ditto, -1 yard* wide, :'-*'.. "r per 10) yards, 20s. SCBIM CANVAS, 1 yard wide, So"., and 2 yards, id. per yard. TIFFANY, 38 Inches wide, In 20 yord pit 8, 3 M per piece, 'PANNED NETTING, for Preserving Fruit A Trees, Flower-beds, &c . from Frosl and Blight . 36 qunre yards for Is., sent any width. Carriage paid On all orders over Ss. I do not require payment till you have received and approved of the Netting. Note tl Idresa— II Y. John GASSON, Fi^h Merchant, Bye. UIX CABINET PORTRAITS, 3*. ; three for 2». O Twelve Carlo Portraits. 2s. 2d. ; six for Is. id. Ei|rht- inch Enlargement, .'is.; three for 6s. Send Carte or Cabinet and Postal Order, and in about ten days you will receive Highly-finished Copies, with Ordinal. FRANCIS AND CO.. 29. Ludgate Hill. London, E.C. TANNED NETTING tor Preserving Fruit L Trees. Flower Beds, &c, from the fru-i I blight, 3.5 square yards for If. Can he sent any width on approval. Carriage paid on all orders over 6s. Hundreds oi teal Imoniols. GEORGE ROBINSON, I- is.li .Merchant, Rye, Sussex. To Nurserymen, Seed Merchants, and Florists. J BLACKBURN and SUNS areofferingArch- • angel Mats lower than any other house in the trade ; also Petersburg Mats, and Mat Hag-. Raffia Fibre, Tobacco Paper, aud Shading. Prices free.— 4 and 5, Wormwood Street, E.C. RENDLE'S PATENT CONSERVATORIES, PLANT HOUSES, Orchard and Stove Houses, &c, Glazed on tke Indestructible System. SUMMARY OF SPECIAL ADVANTAGES. 1 . Saving of from SO to 90 per cent, in maintenance and repairs. 2. No breakage from contraction or expansion from heat or frost. 3. No breakage from vibration caused by heavy winds. i. Squares of glass can be instantly replaced. 5. The construction is verv strong and durable. 6. Glass can be put on in one fourth the time of the old plan, i. No drip from condensation. 8. Putty, cement, felt, &c, are entirely dispensed with. tF AU th* Ho" lioork is covered by the Glass, so that it is not eiixtsedto the t a n >ging influences of the weather. RENDLE'S ORCHARD HOUSE. Fruit Wall-, invert.'] into Orchard Houses on the above simple and in, i-l .'111. lent system, from Jin , 24s., Ills'. .-Ills-., touts', per foot run, according to the height of the wall and width of the border. HOT-WATER APPARATUS. Fixed complete, bj/ experienced Workmen, many part of the country. Kstn s forwarded on applieatit For other information, see Illustrated Catalogues and Hooks of Design, which can be obtained from the Inventors aud Patentees, WM. EDCCUMBE RENDLE & CO., WESTMINSTER CHAMBERS, 5, Victoria St'eet, London, S W. Ask your Sundrlesman or Ironmonger for APRIL-SHOWEK WATERING-POTS, Curtis's Patent, or obtain them direct from Patentee. For Damping Down, Sprinkling, tea., these Pots cannot be equalled. Catalogues post-free on application. W. CURTIS, Arcade, Ipswich. ENTERTAINMENTS ( if every description provided. Reliable recherche' Novelties. Special attractions for Flower Shows at reasonable terms. COL. METJRICE, 20, BJJDBORO' STREET, KING'S CRl >SS, W.( '. Death and Disablement by Accident. TIIE RAILWAY PASSENGERS' ASSURANCE COMPANY Assures £1000 at death and full Benefits at £4 per annum. Hon. Evelyn Ashley. Chairman. Annual Income. £250.000. 80.000 Annual 1'oluy - holders. Invested Capital and Reserve Fund. £285,000. Compensation paid, £2,750,000. West End Office:— 8. Grand Hotel Buildings, W.O. Head Office:— 64. Cornhill, London, E.C. JVV?AN*ASSY' ^cretar,"9- MADE WITH BOILING WATER. E P P S ' S GRATEFUL- COMFORTING. COCOA MADE WITH BOILING MILK. YOUNG WOMEN who WANT TO BE INDEPENDENT, and make their own way in the world, should write for a Prospectus of the SCIENTIFIC! DRESS CUTTING ASSOCIATION, 272, Regent Street, London, W. Situations for all Pupils at good salaries. 630 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 17, 1890. Now Ready, THE GARDEN'S STORY ; or, Pleasures and Trials of an Amateur Gardener. By G. H. ElLWANQER. English Edition, with an Introduction by the Rev. C. Wolley Dod. 1 vol., fcap. Svo, illustrated, 5s. •' Will prove as attractive in the drawing-room as it will be instructive in the garden."— Morning Post. "Deals with a charming subject in a charming manner."— Scotsman. London : WM. HEINEMANN, 81, Bedford Street, W.C. ESTATE SALES. The Best County Medium for Advertising Sales of Estates is THE "WORCESTER HERALD," ESTABLISHED 1794. The Leading County Paper. Extensive circulation among the upper and middle classes in Worcestershire and adjoining counties. Advertisers would do well to forward for reference and distribution plans and particulars of Estates, Catalogues of Machinery, Furniture. Books, and other Property advertised in the Columns of the " HERALD." Sales of Stock and Agricultural Effects. The " WORCESTER HERALD " is the most effective organ for giving publicity to announcements of this class. It is the leading Agricultural Paper in the County, and Circulates most extensively among Agriculturists in and around Worcestershire. Farms to Let. Land Agents, Estate Managers, and all having Farms to Let would do well to advertise in the " WORCESTER HERALD." the Leading County Paper. Specially adopted for bringing such notices before Tenant Farmers. Large circulation. Moderate charge. Situations Vacant and Wanted. For producing results the " WORCESTER HERALD " is recognised as a specially good medium. Cheap Rates. Apply for terms. SPECIMEN FREE. Price 2d. Published Friday for Saturday. Offices : — T2, HIGH STREET, WORCESTER. MR. ROBT. JOHN HAMILL, late Foreman and Chrysanthemum Grower to Messrs. John Laintr & Sons, Forest Hill, S.E., has BEEN ENGAGED as GENERAL FOREMAN to Messrs. Reid & Borncinann, Nurserymen, New Plant and Chrysanthemum Specialists, Lower Sydenham, S.E. AN and WIFE WANTED— Man as Gar- dener, or Groom Gardener, and to look after Small Farmerv. Wife as Cook and Dairywoman. In the bouse, all found, £40 per annum.— Major G., Junior United Service Club, Charles Street, S.W. N.B. — A thoroughly good house PARLOURMAID al-u REQUIRED. FOREMAN WANTED, in a Market Nursery. Must understand Forcing Lilies cf the Valley. State wages required.— HORTUS, Bridgland & Fisher, 88, Long Acre, W.C. ANTED, beginning of July, FOREMAN, PROPAGTOR, and GROWER; must have had good sound practical experience, ciierg, tic and trustworthy. N.B. — None need apply who are not thoroughly expert in Early and Late Forcing, and the production of Plants and Cut Flowers in large quantities for general Retail Trade; also good PROPA- GATOR and GROWER of the following :— Aspidistras, Arau- catia excelsa, Bouvardias, Cyclamen, Genistas. Ferns, Eueharis, Gardenias. Palms, Bedding Plants, Primulas, double and single ; Stove Plants, and with a knowledge of Orchids ; also state if used to Wreath. Cross, and Bouquet Work. Character as well as experience to bear strict investigation.— Apply, stating :icr, if married, and full particulars, to FLORIST, Messrs. Nutting & Sons, Seedsmen, 106, South wark Street, London, E.C. ANTED, a PROPAGATOR, for Market Nursery. Must be well up to Propagating for Market, and have good character.— E. WEATHERILL, Woodside Nursery, North Finchley. ANTED, a good GROWER of Cut Bloom, Window Plants, Ferns, and Grapes, to take charge of a Private Garden, and Sell Produce.— Apply, stating experience, and wages or coLnnii-wjon required, to GLENCOE, Wellington, Salop. ANTED, a young Man, as FIRST JOUR- NEYMAN in Plant Houses under a Foreman. Must have a good knowledge of Plant Growing for House and Table Decoration. Wages 16s.. with bothy. — W. W11IH- BERLEY, Oulton Park, Tarporley, Cheshire. WANTED, a JOURNEYMAN for Kitchen and Flower Garden, Strong and active. Good Scythe- man. Able to work hand and horse-power Lawn Mowers. Wages 14s. per week. Bothy. &c. — Apply with references, GARDENER, Node Gardens, Welwyn, Herts. ANTED, a JOURNEYMAN. One experi- enced in Growing Plants, Ferns, and Cut Flowers for Market. Must be .sober and trustworthy.— Apply, stating age, experience, and wages required, with references, to J. WOOD, Trent Bridge Nursery, Burton-on-Trent. WANTED, a young MAN, possessing a general knowledge of Florists* Flowers, Herbaceous Plants, Alpines, &e. Information acquired in a Nursery will be a great recommendation. A good knowledge of the Names, Propagation, and Cultivation of this class of plants indis- pensable.—ALPINE, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, for a Market Nursery, young MAN, to take charge of Stove Department. One that has had charge of Eueharis, Gardenias, and Palms, witti a fair knowledge of Propagating preferred. None need apply but those brought up to Market Work. Wages, 20s. per week, widb bothy.— State age, with references, to TURNER BROS.,, Nurserymen, Garston, Liverpool. WANTED, TWO young MEN, used to grow- ing for Market under Glass, with general knowledge. — G. MESSER, Hyde Side Nursery, Lower Edmonton, N. WANTED, THREE active young MEN, for Inside. Ferns, Carnations, Tuberoses, &c— G. MAY, Stand 340, Flower Market, Covtnt Garden, W.C. ANTED, a MAN, to Grow Cucumbers and Cut Flowers for Market. Will have charge of some Glass. Must be active and trustworthy. Wages, 21s.— W. L. MILNE. The Nurseries, New Hampton. WANTED, TWO young MEN, with a know- ledge of Cucumber Growing ; wages 18s. per week and overtime.— Apply, stating experience to GtUVER BROS. ASP LAWSON, Duraiit's Nursery, Tender's Eud. Middlesex. ANTED, IMMEDIATELY, TWO young MEN. for Market Work, under Glass.— Apply, with ticulars. to G. LANGE, Cbambery, Hampton, Middlesex. w WANTED, an IMPROVER, for the Grape and Tomato Houses. Wages, las.— State age and experience to W. HAZELL, F.R.H.S., The Nurseries, Mill Road. West Worthing. WANTED, a Young MAN, for the Houses, under the Foreman. Competent to attend Market Stall.— Age, reference, &c, to CHARLES WHITING, Florist, Hereford. ANTED, EIGHT or TEN active MEN, experienced at Thinning Grapes.— JOHN ROCHFORD, Turkey Street, Waltham Cros9. ANTED, a LABOURING MAN, to Work on Pleasure Grounds. Must be active and understand his work. Wages 16s. per week.— Apply by letter, HEAD GARDENER, Barlaston Hall, Stoke-on-Trent. ANTED, a SHOPMAN, thoroughly competent in Fruit, Florist, and Nursery Trade. Pro- ficient in Making Bouquets. Wreaths, &c. Married man pre- ferred.—Apply with references, to THE ENGLISH FEU1 I and ROSE CO. (Cranston's), Limited, King's Acre, near Hereford. ANTED AT ONCE, Invoice and Day-book CLERK; one with a knowledge of Nursery Stock pre- ferred.—Apply, stating age. experience, and wages required, to ROBERT VEITCH AXD SON, Royal Nurseries, Exeter. ANTED, a BOOK-KEEPER. Competent to Assist in the Correspondence.— WM. PAUL and SON, Paul's Nurseries, Waltham Cross. Hert". ANTED, young Man as BOOKKEEPER, and to Assist in Shop. Apply, statingage, experience, and salary required.— P. 3., the o'.;m: ' ' < nicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. WANTED, HANDY MAN, accustomed to Paint. Glaze, Carpenter, &c, in Nursery.— WALTER T. WARE. Inglescombe Nurseries, Bath. WANTED, a YOUTH, to Manage one horse, in a Nursery. Bothy. State wages, &c — J. PEGG, Tambley, Notts. WANT PLACES. Letters addressed " Poste Restante" to initials or to fictitious names are not forwarded, but are at once returned to the writers. NOTICE TO A nVERTISEHS.—In many instances Remittances in Payment of Repeat Advertisements are received without name, address, or anything beyond the postmark on envelope by which to identify the sender ; this in all cases causes a very great deal of trouble, and fre- quently the sender cannot be identified at all. Advertisers are requested when Remitting to give their Names and Addresses, and also a Reference to the Adver- tisements which they wish repeated. To Noblemen and Gentlemen requiring Land Agents, STEWARDS, BAILIFFS, or GARDENERS. JAMES CARTER and CO. have at all times upon their Register reliable and competent MEN, several of whom are personally well known to Messrs. Carter. Enquiries should be made to 237 and 23H, High Holborn, W.C. Gardeners, Foresters, Land Stewards. RB. LAIRD and SONS can recommend with • every confidence Scotchmen thoroughly qualified as GARDENERS, Fi (HESTERS, or LAND STEWARDS, either for large or small establishments, and will be pleased to furnish full particulars on application. — 17, Frederick Street, Edinburgh. THE, LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL X CO. (John Cowan), Limited, The Vineyard and Nur- series, Garston, Liverpool, are in a position to recommend a first-rate man as HEAD GARDENER, or GARDENER and BAILIFF; also a thoroughly competent man as HEAD GAR- DENER, who has a good knowledge of Orchids; unexceptional references in each case. Gardeners, Farm-Bailiffs. Foresters, &c. DI C K S O N S, Royal Nurseries, Chester, (Limited), are always in a position to RECOM- MEND MEN of the highest respectability, and thoroughly practical at their business. All particulars on application. Telegraphic and Postal Address—" DICKSON'S. Chester." E HAVE ESTABLISHED a Complete Bureau of Registry and Information for furnishing experienced and reliable GARDENERS. FARMERS, SUPER- INTENDENTS, COACHMEN, and similar assistants.— Call at or apply to — JOSEPH BKECK and SONS, 51, 52, and 53, North Market Street, Boston, Mass., U.S.A. SCOTCH GARDENERS.— I have at present several very superior MEN on my Register, whose cha- racter and ability will bear the strictest investigation.— JOHN DOWNIE, Seedsman, 144, Princes Street. Edinburgh. RICHARD SMITH and CO. beg to announce that they are constantly receiving applications from Gardeners seeking situations, and that they will be able to supply any Lady or Gentleman with particulars, &c— St. John's Nurseries, Worcester. BAILIFF and GARDENER (Head Work- ING), where four or five are kept. — Married ; thoroughly practical in all branches. Five and a half years in present situation ; sixteen years' previous excellent character. — W. DICKINSON, Shopwyke House, Chichester. GARDENER (Head).— Married, no family; thoroughly experienced in all branches. Four and a half years' character from last place.— GARDENER, Sunuy- field, Hampstead Heith, N.W. / ^ ARDENER (Head).— Thoroughly under- V_X stands Gardening in every branch — Glass, Kitchen Garden, and Pleasure Grounds. First-class references.— Q., Mrs. Perkins, 40, Paxton Road, Chiswick. GARDENER (Head) ; married, no family.— A Lady wishes to recommend her late husband's Head Gardener. Trustworthy and competent in all branches.— J. MOORE, Holyport, Maidenhead. f^ ARDENER (HeaiO, where nut less than VX three are kept; age 37.— £2 will be paid to any one pro- curing Advertiser a good situation. -SMITH. 6A, Hugheudeu Drive, Avlestone, Leicester. GARDENER (Head), to any Lady orGentle- man ; age 3i5, married.— Mr. Caki hiu:ad, Rayners Penn, Bucks, can recommend a man as above. Five and a half > t\irV good character from last employer. Thoroughly practical in every branch of his profession. ARDENER (Head). — Very highly recommended by lady, and the Trustees of his Late Employer. He has had very extensive and practical experi- efai e, cii is acknowledged io be a t>ood Gardener. — J. McNICOL, North Mymms Park, dear Hatfield, Herts. ARDENER (Head).— Age 34, married, three children (youngest age 5); eighteen years' experience; eight years' good character from last place ; seven months in present. Leaving through not liking the place. — W. EDWARDS, Bighton Wood. Alresford, Hants. GARDENER (Head), where more are kept. — Married, no family; understands Flowers, YegeLiMes, Grapes, Melons, Cucumbers, and Pea<-hes. Goo I references and Testimonials. — A. H., The Garden^, Casino House, Heme Hill, S.E. GARDENER (Head).— Age 30, married; experienced in Stove and Greenhouse Plants, Grape?, Cucumbers, Melons, and Tomatos, flowers, and Vegetables; also Land and Stock. Good references, — H., 13, Goodyear Place, Addington Square. Camberwell, S.E. ARDENER (Head) ; age 40, married, two children (youngest age S).— Th«aii-' HOGG, who has had charge of the Hyde Garden?;, Luton, for sixteen years, desires a similar charge. Change of occupiers cause of leaving. Hii!li. -t references. No Single handed place accepted. — $7, Tradiscant Road, South Lambeth, London. ARDENER (Head) ; age 35, married.— Jos. Fu'T, for the last 3 years Head Gardener to the late R. N. Philips, Esq., and previously 0 years Head Gardener to the Earl of Essex, is at liberty for re-engagement. Testi- monials of the highest order. Leaving through death of em- ployer.— Welcombe, Stratford-on-Avon. ARDENER (Head). — Age 27, single at present ; thirteen years' experience in Large Estab- lishments. Well up in Growing Melons, Cucumbers, Early and Late Forcing, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, also Kitchen Garden Work.— G. WITHAM, The Gardens, How Hatch, South Weald, Essex. GARDENER (Head); age 30, married.— C. Honess will be pleased to recommend his Foreman (W. Woodward) as above, in a medium-sized establ shment, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring a thoroughly competent, trustworthy man.— The Gardens, Cobham Park, Cobham. Surrey. ARDENER (Head Working).— Married, one in family; sixteen years in present place. Good character — leaving through place being broken up and master leaving place— JAMES FICKELL. Mells, Frome, Somerset. GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 26, ucmarried. Thirteen years' practical experience in Orchid, Fruit, and Plant Culture, Kitchen and Fluwer Gardens, &c. Unexceptionable references for ability and trustworthiness.— C. JONES, 12, MeekStrwi, Chelsea, S.W. GARDENER (Head Working), to any Lady or Gentleman, where two or more are kept. — Middle- aged; good practical experience in all branches. Three years good character.— G. MARLOW, Manor House, Richmond, Surrey. _ GARDENER (Head Working), where two or more are kept. — Age 40, married.— Advertiser is at liberty to treat with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thoroughly practical man. First-elass references, —J. ABRAHAMS, The Mansion. Chislehurst, Kent. ARDENE R (Head Working).— Thoroughly understands his duties; also Land and Stock. Seven and a half years with a Nobleman in Gloucester- shire. Well recommended.— A. RAWLE, 1, Coombe Park, St. Mary Church, Torquay. May 17, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 631 QARDENEE (Head Working) ; v-J age 31, married.— A Gextlemax wishes to recom- mend his late Head Working Gardener, who has left through establishment being broken up. Three ye rs' character. Eighteen years' experience in all branches of Horticulture — B. STRANGE, Wote Street, Basingstoke. /T^ ARDENER (Head Working), where one \-f or more are kept.-Age 81. married, one child; thoroughly understands Vines, Peaches. Melons. Cucumbers Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Sixteen years' experience' Good character.-A. S., 45, King's Road. Lower Caversham, near Reading. ARDEXER (Head Working); age 32, married.— A Gentleman wishes to recommend his Head Gardener, who has been with him six years, to any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical man Land and Stock if required.— J. C. 2, Weston Cottages, Pembroke Road, New Southgate. N. r\ ARDEXER (Head Working); age 40, V-J , ™ar"ed;, one daughter (age 16).— G. Farmer, fifteen years Head Gardener at Henleaze Park, near Bristol thoroughly experienced in Vines, Peaches, and every branch of Gardening.— Address, 218, Gloucester Road, Bishopston, near Bristol. v C\ ARDEXER (Head Working), age 35, \~A married.— W. Kendall is open to engagement with any Lady or Gentleman requiring the services of a thorough practical Man. Unexceptional character. Five years in list h™ r°nn7rh>,Sir C^'-um"- MK ' Pr"i"»-'y "*"> Hie Right Hon Lord Esher. Well up in Orchids, Stove and Greenhouse Plants, House Decoration, Flower and Kitchen Gardens. Good knowledge of Land and Stock.-33, Tomkinson Street, Bishops- nelds, Chester. /■^.ARDEXER ~( Head Working), or good VJ SlKQLB-HAKDED -Age 29. married ; thoroughly under- stands \ ines. Cucumbers, Melons, Stove and Greenhouse, *ruit and Kitchen Gardens, Alpine and Herbaceous Plants. ' ■■■..-II recommended. Satisfactory reasons fur leaving FIELD. \\ anborough, Guildford. riARDENER (IJkadi, ,„■ j^od Single- V^ HAMDED.— Age 29, married ; live years' experience. Two baracter. Abstainer.-Joii.v collins, I, Albany Cottage. Milton Road, Hampton. Middlesex. GARDENEI! (Head), or g 1 Single- iiam.1,1, -Age 43, married; no objection ... lading Glass. \ ■ I 0 , : I ■ , ■ r. I'l;,,,., rinl.i „ mil. /_J ARDENER, where one or more are kepi LLOYD. GAItDENEl,', «h.-n- ,.,„■ ,,r „, are kept.— M .. I, ,|jn.„ , i,,,..,, aid varied experience In all "odfratf wages.-ABBOB, Gardeners' ChrtmkU 0 Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. / J LRDENER i I. am is. -ape).— Good Designer . , ■" ■ igh. Highly recommended. Abstainer.— HARRY K>\, Box Hill Nursery, Dorking, Surrey FOREMAN; age 24.— Mr. S. Da vies, The J- Gardens, Weybridge Park, Surrey, would be pli recommend a thoroughly reliable man as above. Nic experienc good e.iai.ii-hments. Is'1 1 1 ; E M A N , or Second.— Age 25; eleven perienc. ,,, ,,.. (;1KXi rt,f,.r. i ghly recommended, v. hlunt. W. illborj Httchin Herts. " ' POREMAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROWER, JL — Tl .i ,,, . :„!,„.. o. Pol Plants, Oul H"»-er-. i. ■ ... i ,„,, ... .... | |.,r ,, ,, .. I'rn-ite |.'.'|.... .1. k., Gardiner? Chronicle Office, n Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. TjXmE.MAN, PROPAGATOR, and GROW i:i;. -t- —Well up in Choice Cut and Hovering Harkel Stuff in general; Palms, Ferns, Dractenas, Crotons, Kicus, A-i Bulbs, Roots. Cucumbers, and Tomatos, Twenty-tin experiei.. ■■ . ,imt|i Wimbledon. T3ROPAGATOR7 in Market Nursery.— Seven JL years 'experience in Stove and Sofl wooded Stuff. Good references, i . , Boone's Boad, Lee, Kent. To Nurserymen. C\ ROWER of Ferns, Foliage, and Soft ,,.- "'k"1"1 Plants. '!«. ,,... yean n th. Prade, -J. S„ .|0 Wingiield Boad, Graresend, Kent. Gl:i»W 111,' i V.ssistant). Age 22; well up in (Ironing Cut Flowers for .Market. Seven years' exlic- ';i;1; ;'■,,'',■■■" f«» ' stood oi m ,,,. ..,,, ■.,, WILLIAMS, Nursery, II od, I. h. ion Herts J To Nurserymen. Ch RNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 22; Pen lev required. Seven vtrs'good exoeri- BAKES, Thorpedale, Keathfield Road. Bexley Heath. 1 Kent. rOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 2: tf six years' experience ,,, Orohidsand General House Work' ' ' ■ . W. MMsitli. I'plou, SI. Mary- church, I or m ' JOURNEYMAN, Inside, in Private Establish^ fj ment.— Age 21; seven years' experience. Two years' good . haracter. Bothy preferred. - J. G., 8, Essex Bond, Westgate-on-Sea. JOURNEYMAN, Inside, oTinside and Out.— tf Age 22; strong and active. Cnn be well recommended from present situation. - A. T1TC0MB, Node Gardens, Welwyn, Herta. ' JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses.— Age 24 • tJ ten years' experience in Nursery and Market Places! Goo, Wrea I, Maker and Rose Budder.-WOOD, Posbrooke Gardens, I itchneld, Hants. JOURNEYMAN, in the Houses, in a good tf establishment. Age22; good character. Eieht vesrs' exper,ence.-J PYBUS, 8, Regent Terrace. ( hapcrAllerlo,,, near Leed s _ References, apply, Mr. JONES, The Gardens, Ribstou Hall, Wetherby. ' JOURNEYMAJN, in the Houses, in a good rfk. AStabliSrrVm?,nt"r:A?e 33 : ei8ht yeaI»' experience. Good references.— W. B., Airsford, Arundel, Sussex. TOTONEYMAN (Under), in the Houses, in C/ a Gentleman's Establishment.— Age 18 ; Bothy preferred, rive years reference.— Mr. J. WRIGHT ran recommend a steady and industrious man as above.— The Gardens, Hitchiu JMPROVER, in the Gardens.— Age 19; steady, VAT^&a^"'" giTC a P-'-'-W- IArnnrvTrv^? Florists and Seedsmen. MPROVER, in the Floral, or Floral and Seed Department.— Age 21 • highest references — H F CRUMP. Kingsdon, Taunton. JMPROVER, in a Gentleman's Garden.— -J- Age 1, ; two years' experience in Kitchen Garden. Strong. X?l 0haTactf- Totlll Abstainer. G. NORTH, 19, Wilton Crescent, London. JMPROVER, Inside, or Inside and Out.— Age IS.— Highly recommended. Five years good character in todfDorse" • SAMIF0RD' Ky^°" Lodge Btond- JMPROVER, in the Houses.— Age 19; bothy J- preferred. Two years' good character from present ZwIch^rTolk SECKER' The G8rd™s. Tavertam HalL JMPROVER; age 16. — Mr. Hawes, The -a- Gardens, Wretham Rectory, Thetford, is desirous of Applynarob'OTe * ^ ab°Ve' F°Ur yeilrs' exP"™?-- KITrCHEN and PLEASURE-GARDEN t iP... A»'7:Age 24- : "",le yeaTS' eiPcrience. No objection to Pony. Bothy preferred.— H. HERBERT, Paultons Oyer Romsey, Hants. ' v"c1' rro MARKET GROWERS. — Young man A. seeks situation as above; age 24; ten years' experience. Kent reUOeS* D' HARVEY- Post 0llice. ll«1>'y Heath, TO NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser (age 20) w, se«'!is,l> »itu:ltio" iu Nuraery- Well up in all kinds of ?,of,V,vo° ' •''""«•;. s,OTe "id Greenhouse Orchids. &c„ and the Propagation of the same. Seven years' practical expe rience in good establishments. Good references.— J. w. L . », Wellington Street, Strand, W.O. TO GAIilii-JiNEliS, &c- Wanted a Second -»- place in good Garden under a Foreman. Good experience and reference. Age 19.— P. SPBICHNQS, Nurseries, St. Albans. TO GARDENERS, ^.-WanteiiTT^ation ... '" ""' "°"st*s. Ten years' experience with Cu cumbers Io.oiI.m. and Soft-wooded Stuff. Good references - .1 .1 ' i, a o„le Cottages, Myrtle Road, New Hampton. T(» NURSERYMEN.— Advertiser, age 25 A nine years' experience, can be well recommended to take' cnarge 01 Houses. Country preferred.— H . COWIE The Ferns, Newton Avenue. Acton. npO GARDENERS, &o. Wanted by "a young J- man (age in), „ situation in a Private Garden, under 'I' .. Lawn Work. Been used to both. Three years' .ood character. Abstainer.— A. TALBOT, Han worth, Middlesex. TO GENTLEMEN.— A Youth (age 18). seeks 1 situation in Gentleman's Gardens ; strong, active, and Sfstoand^W^r^' Chnn'Cle 0ffi091 "• ""»«&* TO GARDENERS.— A Solicitor's Son (age 19) J. wishes I,, place himself where he can Learn Floral and iTint Gardening, and the Management of Hothouses. No •;;'';''[•"" '" » Koderate Premium.— Apply to S.Copland, Hellelicld, C liellilsford. BTo Florists. DYER, SALESMAN, or FOREMAN.— Able ' Pttidtmg, Glazing, Laying down Hot-water Plant, .V... .Se, ,.,,[,,.,, years e, per, en, v ,11 llOUSCS ,l lid CoVel , t G :, P I e n .Mark.-., h. a„ l„inl,-n,;i' f/inmicle ollice l| W.-lliinrloii Street, Strand, W.C. ' ' wei"n«roa SHOPMAN.— Young, sharp, and experienced . '" 5etai! s ' ■""' ,'1""1 Trade.— SMAIL and CO.. ill. I. one Street. London, E.C. SIIOIMAN, or Second. — Eleven years' ex- penence, Scotland and Ireland. Practical knowledge of Se,. I i,„,| Nur-ery Trade. Book keeping and Correspondence. Highest references.— J. L. S„ Tofts, Tarbolton, N.B. TRAVELLElt.— Energetic young man, with practical knowledge of the trade, offers his services as above. Nursery, Seed, or Sundries. Moderate salary- H. D Gardeners Chronicle Ollice, 41, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. ' JJOLLO WAY'S PILLS. — Changes of tem- J-X perature and weather frequently upset persons who are most careful of their health, and particular in their diet Tlle-e corrective, purifying, and gentle aperient Pills an- tile best remedy for all defective action of the digestive organs Thev augment, the appetite, strengthen the stomach, correct bilious- ness anil carry off all I hat is noxious from the .system. Hollo- way s Pills are composed of rare balsams, unmixed with baser mailer, and on that account are peculiarly well adapted for the young delicate, and aged. As this peerless medicine has gained lame ,„ the past, so will it preserve it ill the future by its renovating and invigorating .nullities, uud the impossibility of its doing harm. '^ ' 632 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [Mat 17, 1890. GREEN'S PATENT "SILENS MESSOR" AND OTHER LAWN-MOWING, ROLLING AND COLLECTING MACHINES FOR 1890. The Winners of even/ Highest Prize in all cases of competition, and they are the only Mower* in at all the Royal Gardens and at the Royal Horticultural Society's Gardens, South Kensington. constant use < Royal Patronised by— HFR MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN on many occasions, HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, THE KINO OK THE BELGIANS, Late EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH. The EMPEROR OF RUSSIA Anil most of the Nobility. Clergy, ami Gentry of the Unite.! Kingdom Royal Horticultural Society's Show, South Kensington, London, June 3 to 7, 1881. The "Journal, of Horticulture," of June St. says:— "MOWING MACHINES.— After a critical examination the Silver Medal was granted to the old firm of world-wide fame, Messrs. T. Green & Son, of Leeds and London. As the Machines are known in all lands where good lawns are cherished, quite unnecessary to give any description of them," ;y Clergy, and Gentry of the United Kingdom. " '» 1-"« "TfT B ' , ' 7" ' , »«T Upwards of 156,000 of these Machines have been Sold since they were first totroduced to the year 1856, upw«.i«a *" - | t- i lt i |Y..tiiii,liiril-* Icivt' l»'<*n received, te-.t itvuij.' tu their -up-Tiurity owr all utlier*. n submitted tc >nu,mwus ),r.,rt,r„! tests in Public Competition, and in all cases have carried off the Highest Prize that h .ce^'M^ar^ 4th. They make little or no noise in working. 5th. They will cut € SILENS MESSOR MOWER, With Improved Steel Chains and Handles. t'her short or long Grass, wet or dry. SINGLE-HANDED LAWN MOWER. Price, can be worked by f «, .. a Lady ... ) *' lb do. do. 2 10 do. by a strong youth 3 10 do. by a man ... 4 10 , do. do 5 10 To cut 16 inches, ( To cut IS inches, do. man To cut 20 inches. do. < These Mowers are the DOUBLE-HANDED ~"1 £ JBrj 10 0 LAWN MOWER. *To cut 22 inches, ca "To cut 24 inches, has been given. REDUCED PRICES OF GREEN'S Patent ROLLERS, For Lawns, Drives, Bowling Greens, Cricket Fields, and Gravel Paths, &c. Suitable for Hand or Horse Special quotations for Rollers, eet, 3% feet, and -t Diameter, fitted h Shafts for one wo horses. inu Doy... 7 10 0 * If made stronger, suitable for Donkey, 30.5. e) ' Ne Plus Ultra " and " Acme " of perfection of all Lawn Mowers extant. For PRICES of DONKEY, FONT, and HORSE MACHINES, see LIST. SPECIAL.-A FEW TESTIMONIALS OUT OF THOUSANDS RECEIVED. fcgr ROYAL GARDENS, WINDSOR, January 28, 1890. To Messrs. GREEN & SON, Limited. Dear Sirs, — In sending you the enclosed order for Lawn Mowers, I think it may be interesting to you to know that I am still using the Horse Machine you supplied in the year 1856 ; it is in perfect order even now, which is a proof that the workmanship is first-class, and speaks for itself. As to your " Hand Silens Messor," no Lawn Mowers could give greater satisfaction either to myself or to the men who work them — they are un- equalled. During the season I have them daily in use in the Royal Gardens here, and never have the slightest trouble with them. Your machines are also the only ones I have in use at the Private Gardens, Hampton Court Palace ; the Hoval Lodge, Windsor Great Park; Cumberland Lodge, and the Royal Pavilion Grounds, Aldershot. I shall feel a great pleasure in recommending them to all my friends. I remain, dear sirs, yours very truly, THOMAS JONES. fW Mr. J. R. STIRLING, of the ROYAL GARDENS, BUCKINGHAM PALACE, writing under date Feb. 2), 1890, says : — " As regards the work your 42-inch Horse Machine does (which two years ago took the place of the one you supplied in '63), I may say it is kept in constant use here from February until the end of the mowing season, and continues to give the greatest satisfaction. It is the best Machine I know for good work and durability, and your ' Hand Silens Messors' also excel all others. We have no other Lawn Mowers in use here, and I always recommend them to all my friends who inquire about Lawn Mowers." Bathersden, Ashford, Kent, June 14. 1878. Gentlemen,— Your " Silens Messor " Mower, 20-inch, works splendidlv. It is a most perfect machine, and beats the old 20-inch o'ne that for so many years did my work without repairs. I recommend your machines, and never see any doing such good work and with so little power. You may refer any- one to me, and I will then show them the S. M. at work, and I shall show it to all lean. I am, yours truly, Messrs. Green & Son. W. H. MOLD. Kintbury, Hungerford. April 20. 18=3. Sirs,— I shall be glad of a list of your Lawn Mowing Machines priced. I am glad to mention that I bought ore of your 14- inch machines 22 years ago. It has had hard and rough usage every year since, and only on Mot. day was it put quite out of use by the snapping in two of the driving wheel under the hammer. It is surprising to think of the work it has done, and done well. Yours faithfully, .Messrs. Green. Leeds. ALFRED T. BAZETT. Wellingborough, February 4, 1890. To Messrs. Green & Son. Leed9. Gentlemen, — I have sent you our Lawn Mower for repairs, which please have done to it. I have used your machines for 2ft years, and I find them more durable and do their work better than any other machines I have seen. I am, gentlemen, vours truly, DAVID l'ERCTVAL. (Gardener to W. Blott. Esq.). Cottingham. Hull, February 13, lmO. To Messrs. Green & Son, Limited, Leeds. I am instructed by Arthur Harrison. Esq., of Northgate House. Cottingham, near Hull, who has had one of your 3ti-ioch Horse Mowers iu use over 20 years, and ask whether you think it advisable to send it for repair or have a new one, for it is as you may suppose now getting worse for wear. Kindly say per return, and enclose Price List. I am, gentlemen, yours truly, JOHN BAYNTON. Ivy Bank, Broadway. Worcester, April 13, 1884. Gentlemen,— Some fifteen or sixteen years ago, I had from you one of your 12-inch Lawn Mowers which, I may say. has from that day to the present time given perfect satisfaction, and goes as easily, and does its work as well now as it did at first. I have recommended yours as the best machine ever since. I am, yours faithfully, Messrs. Green & Son, Leeds. C. FRENCH HARTLEY. CREENS PATENT CRASS EDCE CLIPPER GREEN'S PATENT "MULTUM IN PARVC LAWN MOWER. GREEN'S Patent LAWN TENNIS COURT MARKER. No. 2412. The Best Marker made Size with 1 wheel for Ordinary Courts, price 14s. Do., with 3 wheels, 17s. Size for Clubs and Large Grounds, price £1. Size and Price, wide, 7 ins. diani., £1 16s. Packing Case. 3s. Specially designed to meet a want which has long been felt in cutting the overhang- ing grass on the edges of walks, borders, flower-beds, &c, and do away with the operation of cutting Delivered Carriage Free at all the principal Railway Stations and Shipping Ports in England, Scotland, and Ireland. The largest stock of Mowers kept by any manufacturer is to be found at our Lomion Establishment, .S7 HREF WORKS, BLACKFRIAKS ROAD, where Purchasers can make selection out of several hundred Machines of Hand, Pony, and Horse Power, and have their Orders supplied the same day as thev are received. The above Machines are Warranted to give entire Satisfaction, otherwise they may be returned AT ONCE, Free of Cost to the Purchaser. N.B.— Those who have Lawn Mowers which require repairing should send them to either our Leeds or London Establishment, where they will have prompt attention, as an Efficient Staff of Workmen is kept at both places. GARDEN SEATS AND CHAIRS, AND HORTICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, WIRE NETTING, Sec, &c. Descriptive Illustrated PRICE LISTS Free on application to THOMAS CREEN & SON, LIMITED, SMITHFIELD IRONWORKS, LEEDS ; AND SURREY WORKS, BLACKFRIARS ROAD, LONDON ; or they can also be had of any Ironmonger, Seedsman, Merchant, or Factor in the United Kingdom. *1 to " The Editor; " Advertijements and '. Letters to "The Publisher." at the Office. 41. Wellington. Street, Covent Garden. London, W.C. ,„ „ j w, u-,A\y Rich AKlis, ni the olliee of Messrs. Bradbury, Agxew, & Co. (Limited), Lombard Street, Precinct of Whitefriars. City of London, in Vie Count vol' Mnldl.-~.-x and published by the said William Richards, at the Othce, 41, Wellington Street, Parish of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, in the said County .-SATURDAY, May 17, 1890. Agent for Manchester-JoHN Hkywood. Established No. 178—Vol. VII. {££} SATUEDAY, MAT 24, 1890. [Regt. as a Newspaper. /Price 3d. \ Post-Free, Sid. CONTENTS. Apiary, the Apple-scale AppUs, constituent? of... Auricula, the Bambu-u palmata Broccoli, Veitch's Model Caterpillars In fruit- houses Colonial notes Cuckoo, the Cultural memoranda ... Cypripedium vittatum breve Dafftxlils from seed Dendrobi um Brymeri- Eucharis Stevensi x FloriaU' flowen Flower boxes, Oetz- Fog, rffeets of, on plants Fore i jru correspondence FruiU under fclaa* Gardeners' Orphan Fund Gardening a p pointments Hardy fnnt garden Horticulturist*, cele- brated India-rubber Kitchen gurden Lily uf the Valley fungus Linton Hark Montbretta PotUIi Oliver. Professor Orvlnd houses 1DK» Orchids at Cambridge Lodge Peaches at Ken ward Pelargoniums, Bruant's ,. large Howering ... Phahenopsia Cynthia X... Plants and their culture Rhododendrons at Castle Kennedy Seeds, vitality of Shrubs, flowering Societies- Aberdeen Natural His- tory British Fruit Growers Edinburgh Botanic ... Qloocttta North of Scotland *... Royal Aijutinurn Royal Botanic Royal Horticultural ... Stock-taking Strawberries Tomato, Horsford's lude i shrubs... iatola .. ID 1 Poplfl Weather Pre- Castilloa elMtica... CI.oi-.yu U Flower poU, I letZO Orrtiige-lly. the Kibe-, double Illustrations. Now ready, In cloth, lis. 6S. £2 10s. Collection of Fruit. £5. £3, £1 10». Twenty-four Rosea, £!, £1 10s., £1. Entries close July 2.r>. Schedules and full particulars from W.D.TR0UP, Secretary, Northampton. 10 (MM I LOBELIA, Emperor William, 1- yJ ^' ""/' / warranted traafrotn Cuttings, really perfect Slants, 2s. per 100, lHs. per 1000. Woo CALCEOLARIAS Gem, he^t -tuff in So',, u.t. per 100. 10O0CARNA- TT.ON9 Glolre de Nancy, extra One plants, will bloom shortly, 9t, per dor.-n in -la's. 300 ECHEVEKIAS, Let -tuff, 18s. per 100. 600 Vesuvius GERANIUMS, fine busby plants In M's. 800 Henry .lacoby, John Gibbons, Madame Crulce (Ivy), best stuff in 43's. all 3*5. per 100, 8000 Bedding II. .lacoby, J. Gibbons, hrun/e, l.ieolor- anil tricolors, in 60'e, L2s. per 100. W. POLLARD, Willowside, Tooting. 1(| /WW) ScaTlet t ; E I j A ,\ 1 1 M S~ (of sorts), lUlUvv autumn-struck, potted off in size 72-pot«, 10s. per 100. or £1 10s. per 1000. Turned out of pots, packed carefully, packace fre.-. Put on at Beckington Station.— .KillN TINDAI.L. Hardener, Hecktngton, Lincolnshire. 50,000 LOBELIA, Emperor William, BOLOHON offers the above in thorough good stuff at 2s. 6r per 100, 20.-'. per 1000. fur cash win, order, package included. yueeu's Road Nursery, Wultharnstow, E. Sow In May. CUTTON'S IMPROVED DOUBLE O GERMAN WALLFLOWER.— A magnificent strain, including many beautiful colours which are not obtainable from ordinary seed. Plants dwarf and robust in habit, throw- ing up large dense spikes of deliciously scented flowers. Verv easy of cultivation. Six varieties, separate, 3s., mixed. Is. &/. per packet, post free. UTTON'S SEEDS, genuine only direct FROM SUTTON A»P SONS. The Queen's Seedsmen, READING. BEGONIAS, extra choice, for bedding, Single, 4s., St., and ds. per dozen ; Double, its. and 12s.. very effective. Cheaper by the 100. For Pots from 6s. See the best CATAI.i IGUE published, fr. e. CALCEOLARIAS ■ lea Gem, B*. to T*. per 100. LOBELIAS, 2s. id. to 3s. 6d. per loo. ; extra strong. B. R. DAVIS. Begonia Grower. Yeovil Nurseries, Yeovil. s SUPERB ORCHIDS, CHEAP.— Thousands to select from. Write for List, free.— P. McABTHl'R, The London Nonary, 4, Maida Vale, London, W, E ( ' 1 1 E V E K I A S— E C H E V E R I A S.- LIVE SPHAGNUM MOSS, fresh gathered per bag, JAMES HELL. 6, Strarnongate, Kendal. CHEVERIA S. GLAUCA, 6*. per 100, with Ige free. John sc.iI'sb, Foliejon Park Gardens, Windsor. D\ 1 1 LIAS, White Pompon; Dahlias Guiding star, good •■■ rhuo I par doi , •1 r, i, HEAVES ami UAYNBS, Florists, Beeston. Notts. KM. (MM. VEITOH'S AUTUMN GIANT lUUsUWU CAULIFLOWER PLANTS for Bale, Price at. per 1000. Apply, C. FIDLER, Seed Grower, Heading. FOR CASH, ... EUCHARIS BULBS taken in EXCHANGJ m Plants, including Alln- mandas. Crotons, Imantophyllums, Dipladenias, BoogalnvUleas, and v;,r, : ,1ms. C. B. MANSFIELD. Llynonen Gardens, near St. Clears. Established 16 Years. ROBERTS BROS., Wholesale Florists, 21, Catherine Street, Covenl Garden, W.C, will be tor Nil. ..a Commission. Consignments of really Choi.- (ill FLOWERS, H HIIT. and other Produce. Every detail promptly and strictly attended to. Bankers— London and Counts Itank. Telegraphic Address-" BOUVABDIA, London." J\Y. BARNHAM Receives on Commission, • GRAPES, TOM I n.s. and other Choice FRUTTS : also FLOWERS. His |. 111 securing highest Market I'm ei. Account Sales daily, and cheques at option, Baskets and labels found. Long Market, Covent Garden, W.C. MESSRS. GREGORY and EVANS, NURSEHYMKN, Sidcup, and 285, 286, 287, 288, Flower Market. Covent liar.l London, W.C. are open to RECEIVE CONSIGNMENTS of Choice CUT FLOWERS in any quantity for tie ;r t o mini --um Department. Bossesand Labels supplied. Telegraphic Address— " COMMISSION, Sidcup."1 WAN TED, B few Thousand of the following roses, lor pot work— General Jacqueminot, Perw des Jardin-, Iff. Niel, Gloire de liijon. NiphetOS, and other mixed K. Uso MANETT1 STOCKS for grafting.— Statfl price, fcc, to 6., Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 11, Wellington Slrr.t. SI rami, W.C, w ANTED, SPERGULA p. AUKEA. State quantity and price to CALDWELL 15D sons. Knutsford. Osmunda Regalia. WANTED, 50 large strong Plants, from open ground — Address, stating pri.e, PIN3ENT, Belly W*i. k, Birmingham. THE BEST PRIMULA.-CARTERS' HOL- BORN PRIZE MIXED.— Cirfe Awards. New seed. In sealed packets, price 2s. 6d. and 3s. 6a\ per packet, post-free. 'THE BEST CINERARIA.— CARTERS' A BRILLIANT PRIZE MIXED.— Vide Awards. In sealed packets, price 2s. 07. and 3s. id. per packet, post-free. THE BEST CALCEOLARIA.— CARTERS' VICTORIA PRIZE MIXED.— I'iife Awards. In sealed packets, price 2s. &d. and 3s. Od. per packet, post-free. ARTERS', Seedsmen by Royal Warrant, to H.M. The Queen and H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. 237 and 238. HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C. rPROP.EOLUM SPECIOSUM.— Hardy scarlet -L Climber, strong Plants established in pots Is. 3. per loo. CINERARIAS, same price; also double white PRIMULAS, 6rf. each. Carriage free for cash with order.— JOHN STEVENS, The Nurseries, Coventry. () THE TRADE— Cheap offer of "RASI'AII." GERANIUM. Good hardy stuff, with large flower heads, in 32's, at 4s. perdozen, or 30s. per 100; and hi 18"B at 3S. per dozen, or 2.'.t. per 100.— ALF. E. HIOUOTT, Kemplon Park Nursery, Hanipton-on-Thames. THOMSi rN'S I M PR( IVED VINE and PLANT MANURE.— This valuable Munuru is made only by us Every bag and tin has our name on it. To be had of all Nursery and Seedsmen, and direct from us. 1 cwt. and over carriage paid. London Agent -Mr. GEORGE, 10, Victoria Road, Putney. WM. THOMSON AND SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels, N.B. 634 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. [May 24, 1890. SALES by AUCTION. Thursday Next. A fine COLLECTION OF ORCHIDS in FW«'E«;»!;1,.'1[^ l\f R. J. C STEVENS will SELL by AUCTION, 1V1 at his Great Rooms. 33, King Street .Covent Garden WC on THURSDAY NEXT. May 29. at lKiit-j».ist 1-' o Clock meciselv. a fine COLLECTION of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud comprising many fine forms of Cattleya Mendel.i. C. Mossuc, C. Warnerii. Lselia pnrpnrata, Oncidium macranthum Odontoglossuu. Alexandre O. restore, &c Also a fine lot of IMPORTED ORCHIDS, comprising Saccolabmm curvi- fol.um and S. spe ies, Vanda teres. liondro nuni .laniesiana, D. fonnosum giga.iteuni. and many other Dendrobes from Burmah, &c, some received direct. .„..-, . , On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Thursday, June 12. SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER and BUD MR J C STEVENS begs to announce that lie will hold his NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS n FLOWER and BUD at his Great. Rooms. 38. King Street. Covent Garden W.C., on THURSDAY, .Tune 12. and lie "ill be el," lif Gentlemen desirous of ENTERING PLANTS FOR THIS SALE "v.U please SEND LISTS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE. Thursday. June 12. MASDEVALLIA HINCKSIANA, Rchb. _ MR J 0. STEVENS will include m his SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in Flower and Bud by AUCTION at his Great Rooms, 38, King Street. Covent Garden W.C.. on THURSDAY, June Hi. twenty plants of the new MASDEVALLIA HINCKSIANA, a cross between M Tovarensis and M. iguea, being the whole stock with the exception of ten leaves, retained by the raiser for his private collection. , _ L , , , On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Wednesday Next. BFnnTNO PLANTS comprising LOBELIAS. CALCEOLA- RIAS GERANIUMS. GLOXINIAS. &c, FERNS, STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS in variety. Two very tine PALMS, KEN IT A CANTERHURYANA, TUBEROSES. &c TITESSRS. l'ROTIIEROE and MORRIS will 1V1 SELL the above bv AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms 67 and 68. Cheapside. London, E.C., on \\ EDNESDAi NKXr' Mav 2S. al half-past l-> o'clock precisely. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Friday Next. SACCOLAKIUM BELI.INUM, Rchb. DENDROUIUM LEETEOLUM. „ BOXALLI. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MOIUUS will SELL by AUCTION at their Central Sale Rooms, 6i and 68. Cheaps.de. London. EC. on FRIDAY NEXT. May 30 at half-past 12 o'clock precisely, by order of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.. a few imported plants ot the very lovely SAtCO- LABIl'M BELLINUM, extremely rare in collections. The species is well figured in vol. iv., Williams' Orchid Album. and the plants now offered are superior to any we have hitherto received. Also a grand lot ol imported plants of the •ri,r,,se-eoln„redDENiil;oHlU.M PRIM U LINUM, in the best p3e condition; D. BOXALLI, D. WARDIANUM. and other choice species. rm/iirrnq in The Sale will also include a large quantity of ORCHIDS in Flower, from various collections, including a fine plant ot ODONTOGLOSSUM N.KVTUM MAJUS. On view morning of Sale, and Catalogues had. Special Sale, Tuesday, June 3, Instead of May 30, as announced last week. ORCHIDS in FLOWER. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS respectfnllv announce that their NEXT SPECIAL SALE of ORCHIDS in FLOWER will take place as above, for whi h they will be GLAD TO RECEIVE NOTICE of ENTRIES AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE. Friday, June 6. Important to Orchid Fanners and I Hirers. The union.' and - ilarlv beautiful COLLECTION of Life-size WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS of ORCHIDS, by Durham, comprising 2S« Drawings in 22 handsomely bound volum-s, formed by the late John Day, Esq., of Tottenham, and painted specially for him at great cost, the whole forming undoubtedly the most valuable Collection of Orchid MPESSRs!XpRbTHEROE and MORRIS have been favoured with instructions to SELL the ABOVE VALUABLE COLLECTION by AUCTION, at their Central Sale Rooms, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C., on FRIDAY, June 6, 1890, at 2 o'clock precisely, m one lot. May be viewed at the Auctioneers' Olhces two days prior to the Sab- or at any previous time by appointment. Descriptive Caiulooiies are now ready, and will be forwarded on application to the Auctioneers. 67 and 68, Cheapside, London, E.C. Stamford Hill. 40 000 GREENHOUSE and BEDDING PLANTS. MESSRS. PROTHEROE and MORRIS will SELL by AUCTION, on the Premises, the Stamford Hill Nursery, Amhurst Park. N., adjoining Stamford Hill Station, G.'E. R.on SATURDAY. June 7. at 1 o'clock, by order of Mr. W. J. Sampson, 40,000 well grown GREENHOUSE and BEDDING PLANTS, including 10.000 Geraniums, 300 Large Tea-Roses in rots. 2000 Chrysanthemums of the best varieties, several valuable specimen Camellias, and other Stock. Mav be viewed three days prior to the Sale. Catalogues had on the Premises, and of the Auctioneers, 67 and 68, Cheapside, To be Sold by Auction, without reserve. The COLLECTION of ORCHIDS and GREENHOUSE PLANTS of the late George Firth, Esq., J. P., Manningbam Thorpe, Toller Lane, Bradford. No plant of any description will b ■•• sold previous to the Sale. MESSRS. T. S. BEST and HARRIS respect- fully beg to give notice that they have received instruc- tions from the Executors of George Firth, Esq.. to SELL by AUCTION, on FRIDAY. June 6, 18;'", the COLLECTION of GREENHOUSE PLANTS, amongst which will be found specimen plants of the following:— Rhododendron Veitchii, Duke of Edinburgh, Japonicum. Duchess of Conuaught, Countess of Haddington, Amaryllis. Empress of India. Mrs. George Firth, George Firth, John Heal, and Mrs. W. Lee. Imantophvllunis in great variety. On TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY. June 10 and 11. 1890. the extremely valuable COLLECTION of ORCHIDS, which have been bought principally in Cut Flowers, Plants, and Bulbs. We hold Sales, several each week. Reference to senders of years standing. Particulars on application. MESSRS. POPE and SONS, Sale Rooms, 6, Phillip Street, adjoining Market Hall, Birmingham. and which includes the following plants Cattleya Gaskeli ,, Mendelii F Clapt< , alba Mm Reii Odontotflossum hebriacum ,, Andersonianuni ,, Ruckerianum ,, Wilekeanum ,, UroSkinueri ,, veiillarium Cobbianu ,, Brymeritina ,, Skinnerialba „ Wagneri Cypripedium Morgante „ Schroder* ,, (Enanthum buperbum ,, graode „ bellatulum rose urn Dendrobium nobile nobiliu* „ splendidissimum graudi- rlorum ,, Waltoni Phalajnopsis Schilleriana alba „ Brymeriana ,, Tetraspis ,, Marios Sobralia xanthaleuci, 60 Odoutoglossum nebulosum growths, together with many candidulum other valuab e varieties Catalogues may be had gratis, on Monday, June 1*. at the Auctioneers' Offices, the British Gallery, Bradford, Yorkshire; and the Collection may be viewed at any time by applying l>> the Head Gardener, Mr. COLLIER. The Sale to commence each day at 11 o'clock. ,, ,, Dawsoni „ elegans prasiata ,t purpurata Ccelogyne cristata alba Cymbidium Day an urn ,, Philbrickianum Vanda Sauderiana ,, ccerulea „ buavis Veitchii To Florists and Others. 17*011 SALE, with immediate possession, Long - LEASEHOLD PREMISES and GOODWILL. Capital House, eight rooms, fitted Bath, &c. ; three large Span-roof Glass Houses, with improved Heating Apparatus, Cold Frames, Potting Shed, &c, all in excellent order; long frontage to main road. Kapidly increasing suburb, with opportunities for unlimited trade. Present owner retiring. Stock optional. Terms of Messrs. JOSHUA BAKER and SON, 106, High Road, Kilburn, N.W., ami IB, Poultry, E.C. London, N W. TVt BE SOLD or LET (a great sacrifice will b3 made by the vendor, who has a different business requiring his own attention), a compact LEASEHOLD NURSERY, with nearly an acre of Ground, 13 Greenhouses. and Dwelling House. Price for Tenant's Glass Erections and Lease, £750, or the whole property would be Let at £100 a-year. Apply to PROTHEROE and MORRIS, Auctioneers and Estate Agents, 67 and 68, Cheapside, London. E.C. TO BE LET or SOLD, a FREEHOLD JL NURSERY, 6 acres of Land, with House ; Seed Business combined, doing good trade ; splendid supply of water. Capital investment. Particulars, apply, BRYANT, Nursery, Chippenham. Enfield, 6 minutes from the G.N.R. Station. To Gentlemen fond of Horticulture, combining pleasure with profit. A MEDIUM-SIZED Detached RESIDENCE, containing 8 Bedrooms, Bath-room, 3 Reception rooms, Offices, &c. In the Garden are Vinery, 70 by 25 feet ; Orchid- house, 70 bv 12 feet ; Greenhouse, 70 by 12 feet ; forming one range Greenhouse, 90 by 22 feet; with Frames adjoining, all economically worked from one boiler, auxiliary boiler ; small Kitchen Garden and Orchard, with back entrance. Lease 17 years. Rent £94. Small premium required. Messrs. H. E. FOSTER and CRANFIELD, 6, Poultry, E.C, and Enfield. rrO LET, a well-established NURSERY, JL about 12 acres in extent, well stocked and in fine ituated near a large application to A. B., Gardeners* Chr ton Street. Strand. W'.C. ORC H I DS. THE LIVERPOOL HORTICULTURAL COMPANY (JOHN COWAN), Limited, Have just received large importations of Orchids from Mexico, Brazil, India, and other countries. The Co. have also an immense stock of Established Orchids, all of which they offer at extremely reasonable prices. Catalogues, with full particulars, post-free, on application to the Co., The Vineyard and Nurseries, Garston, near Liverpool. Special Trade Offer. DOUBLE WHITE PRIMULA. Strong Plants in 60's, £12 10s. per 1000, 33s. per 100.— C. B. MANSFIELD, Llysonen Gardens, near St. Clears. PI IRRAM'Q SPLENDID PALMS and FERNS, ULIDltHn O &,.. Beautiful Palms for growing on, 6s. and 9s. per dozen ; larger for immediate effect, 18s., 24s., and 30s. per dozen. Asparagus, splendid for cutting, stands well in rooms— A. plnniosus, plumosus nanus, tenisissinius, and virgatus, 2s. 6(1, 3s. 6rf., and 5s. each. Maidenhair Ferns, small pots, 6s. per dozen ; large, 9s., 12s., and 18s. per dozen. The lovely Adiantum Farleyense, splendid fronds from 2s. each. 12 fine distinct Terns for greenhouse, 9s. and 12s. CLIBRAN, Oldtield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. Cheap Bedding Plants.- Special Offer. W7"ILLIAM BADMAN offers as under from V T Store-pots, all well-roo'ed. and fit for present potting. The- present is a good time for making up losses sustained during the winter. VERBENAS, Purple, White. Scarlet. Crimson, Rose, 6s. per 100. 50s. per 1000 ; 12 choice named varieties, 8s. per 100. LOBELIA Bluestone, pumila maguilica, true, from Cuttings, 3s. per 100, 21s. per 10U0; Brighton Blue, fine, 3s. per 100, 21s. per 1000. CALCEOLARIA Golden Gem, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000 Camden Hero, tine dark, 10s. per 100. HELIOTROPE Jaun d'Amour. Miss Nightingale, dark, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000. AGERATUM Imperial Dwarf, blue, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. COLEUS VERSCHAFFELTI, bedding crimson, 8s. per 100, 75s. per 1000. IRESINE LINDENI, dark crimson, good bedder, 6s. per 100, 60s. per 1000. PELARGONIUM Vesuvius, finest bedding scarlet. S.« per 100, 75s. per 1000; Master Christine, 12s. per 100; Mrs. Levers and Jenny Dodds, fine pink, 10s. per 100 ; Henry Jncoby, best crimson, 12s. per 100; Madame Vuucher. white, 12s. per 100 ; Queen of Belgians, finest white, 3s. per dozen, 20s. per 100; Niphetos, bedding white. I2s. per 100; Waltham Seedling, Lucius, Jean Sisley, and White Vesu- vius, 10s. per 100. SILVER VARIEGATED May Queen (Turner's), Princess Alexandra, Flower of Spring, 12s. per 100; Little Trot, dwarf, 12s. per 100; Prince Silverwings, 12s. per 100; Lady Plymouth, 10s. per 100. GOLD LEA'F Crystal Palace Gem, 12s. per 100; Happy Thought. 12s. per 100. BRONZE McMahon, Black Douglas, The Czar, the best bidders, 15s. per 100. TRICOLOR Mrs. Pollock, 15s. per 100; Sophie Dumaresque, Lady Culluni. Sir R. Napier, 18s. per 100. DOUBLES, F. V. Raspail, tine scarlet ; M. Thibaut, pink ; M. Baltet, best white. 12s. per 100. TROP..EOLUM Vesuvius, 10s. per 100; Mrs. Ellis, bast dwarf scarlet. 10s. per 100. FUCHSIAS, in twelve good named sorts. 8s. per 100. PELARGONIUMS, Show and Decorative, from single pots, good, 2 's. per 100, 3s. per dozen. Note.— Not fewer than twenty-five of any one sort supplied at above rate. Packing included. Terms, cash. Cemetery Nurseries, Gravesend, S.E. PI IRRAM'Q GEMS of the GREENHOUSE ULIDnMIl O .U1,i sjTiiVE. Splendid collection of really finest kinds for bloom and foliage. Pancratiums. beautiful spider-like flowers, 2s. id., 3s. id., and 5s. each. Oxera pul- chella. lovely stove climber, dense clustersof pure white funnel- shaped flowers, 3s. id. and 5s. each. Ochna multillora. beautiful yellow perfumed flowers, succeeded by charming fruit, 2s. id. and 3s. id. each. Lovely Greenhouse Rhododen- drons in variety, 3s. lid. each; 6 van., 12s. 6ii. 6 splendid flowering stove' Climbers. 10s. lid. and 15s. Stephanotis. hardiest and freest flowering variety known, from small plants 9d., to larger Is. id., is. id., and 3s. id., up to large specimens 6 guineas. Hibiscus in variety, all varied and gorgeous colours, and splendid forms, 4 sorts, 6s. Crotons, 12 beautiful sorts, 6s., 9s.. 12s., and 18s. Gloxinias. 12 vars, 6s. Achimenes, 12 sorts, 2s. id. Caladiums, 12 sorts, 9s. 12s.. and 18s. Rondo- letia speciosa major, one of the best plants for cutting from, Is. and 2s. id. each. Dracienas. small for growingon, 9ii.eaeh. Camellias, all our own working, much superior to foreign plants, 2s. each. Passifloras, in variety. Is. and Is. id. each ; 6 beautiful sorts, 7s. id. CLIBRAN, Oldtield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. NEW CYPRIPEDS. CYPRIPEDIUM HORNIANUM, described in Gardeners' Chronicle, 1887. page 428. , CYPRIPEDIUM CHLOROPS, described in Gardeners Chronicle. 1888, page 481. CYPRIPEDIUM ROBUSTIUM, described in Gardeners Chronicle, 1889, page 394. May be had from the raiser at low figures. FERD. HORN. Nurseryman, Lochwitz, near Dresden. PI IRRAN'^ LOVELY TEA ROSES, best sorts ULlDnHIl O jn p0ts, 18s. per dozen ; stronger for forcing. 2s. id. and 3s. id. each. For new and beautiful sc-ts, see List, free. ..,,_. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. RAND NEW COLEUS, ••DUCHESSE OF FIFE." First-class Certificate (Reading Horticultural Society). A fine new and distinct variety. The habit is wonderfully sturdy and compact. The leaves are deeply notched at the edges. The colour is bright scarlet shaded with deep crimson, the edges are narrowly lined with pale green. This is without doubt an excellent variety, and when known is sure to become a general favourite. Plants 3s. id. each (ready in May). Post and package free for Cash with Order only. Sent out by the raiser, G. PHIPPEN, F.R.H.S., Nurseryman and Florist, Reading. OTICE to CREDITORS and DEBTORS.— All parties having claims against the late Mr. WILLIAM LEARMONT, Nl kskkyman, Lar. ■lilield, Hun. tries, are hereby required to lodge them with JAMES H. McGO WAN, Solicitor, Dumfries, Agent for his Trustees and Executors, within 14 days in order that arrangements may be made for payment; anil all parties indebted to Mr. Learninnt are requested to make Payment of their Accounts to Mr. MoGOWAN. Tic- Business of NURSERYMAN «o long carried on by Mr. LEAKMI INT will be continued as formerly in the name of his TRUSTEES for behoof of his Widow and Family under a suit- able Manager. Dumfries, May 5, 1890. PI IRRAM'Q PRETTY FLOWERS. If you ULlDnHIl O want a unique array of blooms try our Collection of Herbaceous Plants. No botanical weeds, but each plant distinct and beautiful, 12 vars., 3s„ 4s., and 6s. ; 50 in 50 vars , 15s. and 20s. ; 100 in 100. 30s. and 42s. The Ins Queen "' Iris ochroleuca var. gigantea— finest by far of all the Iris family— robust habit. 6 feet high, en .rmous lovely white blooms will grow in any ordinary soil. 2s. each. 18s. per dozen. Foxgloves, white and spotted ; Lupinus. blue and white, each var. 3s. per doz. See Catalogue. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altriucham and Manchester. May 24, 1890.] THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 635 THE Gardeners' Royal Benevolent INSTITUTION. FIFTY-FIRST ANNIVERSARY FESTIVAL, JUNE 12, 1890, on ivhich occasion Mr. HARRY J. VEITCH, the Treasurer, will preside. DONATIONS and SUBSCRIPTIONS paid or promised :— 0 ... 52 10 II ... 26 5 0 ... 38 6 0 ... 26 S 0 ...108 0 II ... 88 5 " ... M 5 " ... :<: 10 'I ... 2 2 0 ... 1 1 0 ... 10 10 0 ... 10 10 0 0 10 6 5 0 C 0 IS Hi 10 II 2 1'.' ''. i ! 0 1 1 (1 6 0 :. :, 0 1 1 0 a • ., II 2 10 0 10 10 II HARRY J. VEITCH. E,q.. Chairman I !.. I. Li-,.,, SCHRODER The Right Hon. Lord ROTHSCHILD ALFRED DE ROTHSCHILD, Esq LEOPOLD DE ROTHSCHILD. E-l Messrs. ROTHSCHILD AMD SONS Mr. .us. HERBERT VEITCH, I i.-lsea IMr. ARTHUR . I. VEITCH, Chelsea M ssre. .lis VI-.I1VH am. SONS, Chelsea ... Lord CREWE. Hill Street Hon. I.alv UFA CM' 'NT, annual ... .M nrs. HALL urn son. Sheffield IGE MONRO. Coveut Garden Miss BILLETER. Winlold Mr. DAY, Winfold Mr. TOBY. SI M ,rk's Grove (A.) Mr. A. SMITH, Warren Hill Gardens * Messrs. NOTTING ami SUNS, Southwark Street q„ Falmouth .Mr. .IAS. BECK, Cril I..-1 Oir :. Da \.) Mr. .1. WILLS, ]|„:; Mr. (i. HLoXHAM. Brick Hill Gardens .Mr. DOMINV, I.e. ■.■!■ r li ir.lena t I Mr. c. I-. husk. Niir-i-rv. s,, Hi h Norwood (a I Mr. .i vs. i in i' kins. Sigh Cross Gardens Mr. B, JORDAN, Llanjway Gardens Jlr. K. SHkr.sTn.NI i Mr. K. SANDEBS, Halton Gardens i A.) Mi i HOW vs M >.-. , ■ Messrs, LANE AND SON. Birkhampsted Mr. H. 11. S.MAI.K. Nurseries. Torquay, Mr. CROK1 udena Mr. DRAPER, Seaham Hall I Mr. F. SHEPHERD, High Kim Gardens Mr. A. BAXTER, i lens.. Mr. J. BUTTON, Dittos House Gardens 0 5 0 Mr. B. STRAND, Denne Hill Gardens 0 5 0 .Mr. SHIKI.Ei lllHIIEKD. K.-w 5 0 0 Mr. ICETON, Granard Nurseries, Putnl ■■■ Messrs. THOMSON AUD SONS, Clovenfords, Galashiels "> 5 o Mr. DALTON, Halton Gardens lo 10 0 Mr. BENNETT and Dndei Gardeners, Kangeuiore ■ in 6 -' 0 Mr. BAKER, Membland Gardens 1 1 u Mr. DAVIDSON, Royal Exotic Nursery 3 :i 0 Mr. RUSSELL. Portalloch Gardens 12 ii o Mr. WHITTAKER. Crewe Hall Gardens 110 Messrs. HURST AMD SON, Houndsditch 26 6 0 Mesjrs. WRENCH AND SON, I/jnlon Bridge The THAMES HANK IRON COMPANY, Or,, mi, i Street Mr. OEORQE .li Hi si in. 1 ,r Co ii ,.-■■. Qodabniog ... Par Mr. GEO. MONRO, Coyent Garden Market:— Mr. It. CROSS Mr. W. O. ELI Mr. \V. DILLEY, annual Mr. J. RATCLIFFE Mr. C. 1I.VIOH Mr. A, HOLDER Mr. J. SULLIVAN Mr. W. .1 TWIGG The LONDON ind COUNTY BANK, Covent Garden Mr. B. CLARKE Mr. G. SIMPSON Mr. W. A. 1III.LINOIIUKST JOHN G. 8YMONDS, 1 q.. New Court Mi I i it:i mi am, SON, Highgate CHAS. WALL. Esq., Chelsea Mr. JOHN SMITH, Fairiawn Gardens, annual M S. CASSI ll„ Esq.,1 THOS. HABDi \mi.i SYKES, Esq., Cbeadle F, C. HIL1 . i r ,i HORACE NEWSON, Esq., Driffield .1. 0. VhI'No, Esq., Brent rood FRANK a II LLL, I , , Lewes Mr DOCKEBILL, Blmshursl Gardi as HENRY CUiTTON. F.-.i Mr. .1. WA IS'IN, I'ei.al I > itlc \.n-,r Ur. DAVTD THOMSON, Drumlanrig Ilui.li, I' ,| . 1,1, H ' .. ! , I i ,i 110 , ,, ,, 10 0 1 1 0 i. HI 0 ii Mr. JOHN BEALE, Wood Hall Gardens Mr. A. KENT Mr JOHN DUNN, Royal Gardens, Frogmore M .11 I.KS DE K'H'K, Ghent Messrs. WIMski t ami Son, A-diburnlmm Nursery The Karl oi DERBY, K.G Mr. W.S.JOHNSON. SI. Martin's Lam- Mrs. DICKINSON HULL, Whatton Manor Mr. BROAD, Stewart House Gardens Lady HOWARD DE WALDEN ii in 0 2 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 II ., 5 0 ft (I 5 1 ft 1 0 0 10 1 10 1 0 0 Mr. DAVIF.S, Mote Park Gardens 1» Mr- Hi i.lll s. Camden Road 3 F. WIGAN. K-i| . F.,-l Sheen 2 M -II M'l Rv . av.-r-ham Grove 10 . i.ai'iihlix. Kingston 1 ALFRED GOODRICH, Esq 2 Mr. TAYLOR, St Pancras Cemetery 1 0. F. WOODGATE, Bsq . 9, Grosvenor Gardens (A.) 1 Mr. J. DEAN, Tetsey Park Gardens ' M HI I, M IS, l-i.. Old Charlton (A.) 1 WALTER MARSHALL. Esq., I'altendule Hall (A.) 1 .sir HENRY PETO. Hart., Wevmouth 10 The Rer. CANON CROMWELL, Stisted Rectory ... ft Mr. W. HARDING, Gordon Place, W 0 H. E. RBTD 0 ONLEY S. ONLBY, E-| . stMed 11 all. Braintree (A.) 1 .1. I'. II tsKITINI . Esq . Wallmrni.ton 2 The EAKL ill HVKN1.KY. Cobham. Kent ft Mr \ Q kBRAHAM, Streatham (A.) 1 Mr. JOHN DOMINY, Chelsea 10 Mr. HV. WITT, Rookery Gardens, near Salisbury (A.) 1 Mr .1 vs M, l.|,,)|. , lens 0 Mr. JOHN COYSH, Ni 0 : OS 0 Mr I mis ii LMLLTON, « irdour Lodge G irdi I Mr. A. SHILTON, Ni 1 Mr i BUTCHER.! i . ... 2 11. H. 1'nwi, ii, i .ii CON, i - , , Quex Park, Thanet, K.i,! (A.) 1 HENRY E in'ii E , . Q ii rnLodgi (a I 1 R. B.EV1 RED, E q., Oatlands, Hurley (A.) 1 (Donation) ... - ROBE RT ATKINSO I mt, Belfast ... 9 O.J M LRSH ILL, Esq.,] I i ... I REGINALD i. ILL. Esq., Beckham, South Devon ... 1 amon ft s CORT LU1 2 Mr i \s BROWNE, Royal Gardens, Frogmore t., . | . Parliamenl Greet 5 Mr. O. BROWNE, Dray ton Gardens 0 Mr. PHTPPS, Pomona Gardens o: • lien, 0 ■ (A.) 1 1 EtOS. L. LACK, 1 . . tnleboro 0 : Captain HOPE, Earlston, N.B. (A.) 1 (Donation! 1 J. MaoANDREW, Esq., Mill Hill (A.) 1 CHAS. H. OBOMPTON B0BEBT3, Esq., 16, lielgrave Square 10 ; JOHN E. TAYLOR, Esq., Kensington Palace Gardens 1 I . APPLEBY, Esq . Busholme, \i ini heater iA.i ... 1 Mr. MOON, Mark Hall Gardens o I ins, Aberdeen 0 Mr. CAVTLLE, I'ainlieel. I. ar.l. IDS 11 Mr. heal, Kuval Exotic Nursery 1 Colom 1 aOSLTNG, Strsttos In lej I \.) 1 W. S. DEACON, Esq., Birchin Lane In Mr. HUDSON, Gum ersbui H irdens 1 CHAS. V IN l; V M.l.i. E , II v ... 10 I:,, i;. in i. II l.KRNERS. H:,, I, -1. u,l Rectory (A.) 1 Mr. GEO. WYTHES, Sion House Gardens 1 Mr. HARDING, Or: 0 u Mini LM, Esq.,] i.i.) l Mr. SALCOMBE, Vineyard Gardens, Tieehnrst ... 2 Mr. BBOADFOOT, Shotover Gardens, (ixou 1 Mr. II. WHIIE. Re.llees Gardens, IslewOTth .'I Mr. F. BED! 0BD in G irdens, Kildare ... 2 Mr. F. DANIELS, Slindon Office, Arundel 0 Mr. GLEN, Brambletye Gardens 1 Mr. W. WILSON. Appley Park Gardens I) W i: i OSTEB, Esq. ' ft MISS I IlMKS. Wil,ii,|e,l,„i I'irk .A. i l Mrs, IMCKKKsi.II.I. Cl M.I FFE. Rochester ...HI ARTHUR SUTTON, Esq., Beading ft n M POLLS! r, Esq., Bi< kley 10 R. ALEXANDER. E- j , Londonderry 1 Mr. VV. M tsKKLL, Holm,- W,„,l Hardens (A.) ... 1 Mi- F. PRANCE Frognal, Hampstead (A.) ... 1 Mr. HUDSON, Gnnnsrsbury 1 Mr. DOWNING. N'nrl.iirv I'ark Gardens 1 Mr. NEIGHBOUR. Bick'h-v Park 0 Mr, 'I I Kins. M ,i,l,ii Erl.-igh Gardens 0 Mr. TIIOS. MacCI.URE, Hartley Grange II Mr. runs. DOWN, Hazelhatch, co. Kildare d Mr. J. HARRIS, Wi.ollalel House 0 Mr. RUFFII I , Pi angi r 1 G. W. WEIGHT INGLE, Esq., Frieru Baruet ... 2 Mr. GEO. CUTHBERT, Southgate ft Mrs. LITTLER, I'almer'a Green 1 Mrs. BELCHER, Swiudon Hall 1 DAILY PARCELS EXPRESS SERVICE to the CONTINENT, vid Queenborough, Flushing, Kal- deukirchen. This Parcels Service, in direct connection with the Ger- man and Austro-Hungarian Posts, is ipoeially adapted for the rapid and regular despatch of Plants, Bulbs, Sec. No Certificate required for Germany. Tariffs free on application. Goods also accepted for Conveyance by Petite and Grande Vitesse. BEST, RYLEY and CO., 88, Hishopsgate Street, Loudon, E.C. Receiving Office at Holborn Viaduct Stutiou. HI IRRAN'9 BRILLIANT BEDDING DIS- ULIUIIHIl O play, produced by Clibran's Special Tuberous Begonias, wonderful colours, unequalled habit. Single — seed, Is. per packet ; tubers, 4s., 6s., 9s. , and 12s. per dozen. Doubles, magnificent forms and hues— seed, 2s. 6d. per packet; tubers, 9s., 15s., 20s., and 30s per dozen. Ceutaurea candi- dissima, charming silvery foliage, 3s. per dozen. Lobelias (blue and white). Alternantheras, Iresiues, and other bedding plants in great variety, at 2s. 6d. per dozen. Also a large number of tie aiitifu] Carpet Bedding Plants. See Catalogue, free. CLIBRAN. Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham aud Manchester. BEDDING PLANTS.— BEDDING PLANTS. Of Al Quality and Strength. GERANIUMS.— Vesuvius, scarlet, Ss. per 100; Bonfire. 10s. per 100; H. Jacoby, 12s. p«rI00; West Brighton Gem, l_'.s\ per I0J ; Master Christine, 12s. per 100; Lady Middleton, 12s. per 100 ; Madame Rudersdoff . 12s. per liiii; I'neen of the Belgians, 2s. 6i/. per dozen; Mrs. Halilurton, 12s. per 100; White Vesuvius, 10s. per 100; Madame Voucher, 10s. per 100; Corsair, 12s. per 100; Niphetos, 12s. per 100. Also in twelve choice varieties of singles, 14s. per 100. „ VARIEGATED.— Flower of Spring, 10s. per 100; Bijou. 10s. per 100; Miss Kingsbury, 16s. per 100; Silvir Queen. 10s. per 100. „ GOLD LEAF.— Happy Thought. 12s. per 100. „ TRICOLOR.— Silver Itnllia Unita, 16s. per 100; Silver Glen. Eyre Beauty, 16s. per 100. ,, BRONZE.— ReautvofCalderdale.lls. per Kill ; McMahon, 14s. per 100. „ DOUBLE.— F. V. Raspail. 12s. per 100; Le Cygne. 16s. perli'ii; Mulame Thibaut, 12s. per 100; Madame A. Ballet, 12s. per 100; GuUlaume Manguilli, 12s, per inn; Mrs. Orton. l-'s. per 100; Wonderful, Ills, per 100. Also in twelve choice varieties, 16s. per 100. .. IVY-LEAVED, i„ choicest variety, 14s. per 100. HELIOTROPES, light and dark, ,=..<. 6d per 100. PETUNIAS. -Crimson King, double, 10s. per 100; Bottle de N'eige, 10s. per Km ; striped single, from cuttings, Ss. per 100; Seedling Covent Garden strain, lis. per 100. CALCEOLARIA. — Golden Gem, transplanted. 8s. per 100; ; Orange, transplanted, 8s. per 100; Grnnd Sultan, finest dark, transplanted, 10s. per 100. ECHEVEKIA secunda glauca, 8s. per 100. 1 i EISIAS, in the verybesl exhibition varieties, both single and double. 7s. lid. per 100. AGERATUM. — Cannell's Dwarf, 4s. 6rf. per 100; Mexican Tall, 5«. per 100. SAI.VIt I'WHNS, from cuttings, 8s. per 100; Scarlet Pinc- npple variety. &c, 1 's. per loo. cl ni M III \ c VNI'llUSSLMA, 16s. per 100. Mi si MHRYANTIIF.MU.M.— Cor variegatum, Ss. per 100. COLE1 s Varschaielti, Ss. per 100. DAHLIAS.— Pompou9, 16s. per 100; singles, 16s. per 100; ■ i, i,i-, lbs, per 100. Hits repens, 10«. per uki. LOBELIAS.— Princess of Wales, white, is. per 100, 85s. per 1 Blue Stone, it. 6,/. per Inn ; Emperor William. 2t. M. per 100, 20s. per 1000; Brighton Gem, 2s. id. p,r 100, 80s. per l olio ; Compacts multiAora, 8s. fW. iier 100, 80s, per 1000. MARGUERITES. -White. 12s. per 100; yellow, 12s. per Inn. MUSK. -Harrison's, 8s. per 100. VERBENAS. -Pure while, crimson, pink, scarlet, rose, 5s. 6u". per 100. IRESINE.-Herbstii. Leudennii, Wallisii, 5s. per 100. CUI'HEA platycentra, ss. per 100. MARIGOLDS. —French and African, transplanted seedlings, 8s. i',7. per 100. 1'HLliX liruiiiuiuiidii, tralisplaeled seedlings. Is. 6t^. per 100, i_'<. per] SUNFLOWERS, tall ,, „ Is. 67. 100, 12s. limn HF.LICIIRYSUM ,, ,, Is. 6i(. 100, 12.1. 100J ZINNIA elegans, double „ „ is. Hi(. loo. NASTURTIUM, Dwarf Empress ,, Is. »d. 100. ASTERS, best German „ „ ls.9rf.loo. si'ncKs, best German „ ,, Is. 9rf. 100. Hi II, HEN FEATHER „ „ Is. ftrf. 100. The above being all good, strong, healthy, well-rooted pliuils, and nearly all from single pot.s, we can again, with eoiili.len, e, id them to our numerous customers. As will be found, ii,, prices are reduced from previous years, so that everyone wishing to do business with us must send cash with order, so lime and expense of booking, as well as making bad del, is. An inspection is solicited by FLETCHER, SON and CO., Nurserymen, &c, Chesterfield. Kindly note— Cash with all Orders. pi IRRAM'Q A GAY GREENHOUSE. Ivy- ULIUIlHIl U leaved Geraniums, beautiful sorts, 4s. per dozen; Double Geraniums, is., 6*.. and 9j. per dozen; Zonal Mid Nosegay, splendid sorts for blooming this summer, or for growing on to bloom next winter, -is., 6s., and Vs. per dozen. Pelargoniums, ahow, fancy, or large-flowered, to bloom shortly, dt. and lL's. per dozen. Bouvardias, small stuff for growing on, 4s. per dozen, Coleus, 12 ^orts, 3*. Lantanas, 12 sorts. Us. 6. 5 •• GAILLARDIAS ... .. ■• 5 •• DELPHINIUMS ... .. .. 5 •• DAHLIAS 6 » HERBACEOUS PLANTS ., ,. 5 „ Now is the Time to Plant. CATALOGUES GRATIS. KELWAY & SON, LANCPORT, SOMERSET GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1889. CUTBUSH'S MILL TRACK MUSHROOM SPAWN. — Too well known to require descrip- tion. Price 65. per bushel (Is. extra per bushel for package), or 6d, per cake; free by parcel post, Is. None genuine unless in sealed pack- ages and printed cultural directions enclosed, with our signature attached. WM. CUTBUSH AND SON, Nurserymen and Seed Merchants, Highgate Nurseries. N. HI IRRAN'Q SUPERIOR DAHLIAS, Superb ULlUimn O shows, Charming Fancies, Best Bedding, Pretty Bouquet, Exquisite Singles, Lovely Cactus, named and distinct, special sorts, 12 vars., 3s. Qd. ; 50 in 12 vars., 12s. 6d. ; 100 in 50 vars., 21s. See List, free. CLIBRAN, Oldfield Nurseries, Altrincham and Manchester. To the Trade. FERNS !— FERNS ! !— FERNS ! ! !— In twenty most saleable kinds— Adiantums, Polypodiums, Cyrto- miums, Pteris, &c. Adiantum cuneatum, large stuff, ready to pot at once in 5-inch pots, 16s. and 20s. per 100 ; Pteris cretica cristata, and a few other kinds, from stores, 6s. per 100, 50s. per 1000.— J. SMITH, London Fern Nurseries, Loughborough Road. Brixton. S.W. FOR SALE, Large Collection of Established ORCHIDS, choice and fine plants; many varieties of Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Coelogyues, Calanthes, &c, 8cc. Also large, varied, and well selected Collection of STOVE and GREENHOUSE PLANTS. Lots to suit purchasers. The property of a Lady giving up her houses. To view, and for particulars, apply by letter to J. H. VARTY, Moseley Court Gardens, near Wolverhampton. pi IRDAU'C 10,000 FUCHSIASrBest varieties ULIUUHnU jn existence — inferior sorts carefully weeded out, 12 -vars.. 3s. 6d. ; 25 vars.. 6s. ; 50 vars., 12s. 6d. CLIBRAN. Oldrield Nurseries. Altrincham and Manchester. MACKEY'S CATERPILLAR EXTERMI- NATOR and UNIVERSAL INSECTICIDE, as recom- mended by the Board of Agriculture, for Green and Black Fly, Mealy Bug. Red Spider. Camellia Scale, Blight, &c. No boiling or mixing required. 1 lb. dissolved in 10 gallons will form the Exterminator for Caterpillars as recommended by the Board of Agriculture ; 1 lb. to 3"0 for Green Fly, Blight, &c. Price, in 1 lb. tins. Is. 6d. ; 5 lb., 3s. ; 10 lb., 5s. ; per cwt., 45s. Sample gratis on application. MACKEY, MACKKY and CO., 1 and 2, Bouverie Street, Fleet Street. Loudon. EC. ENUINE ROLL TOBACCO PAPER.— Strong, effective. Is. per lb., carriage paid, for cash only. W. C. LEE, 61, Westgate, Grantham. " Always use the best materials ; your plants can not do well SPRING POTTING. 1 sack BEST LEAF MOULD. 3s. 6d. ; 1 sack PEAT. 3s. 6d. ; 1 sack YELLOW FIBROUS LOAM, 3s. 6o\ ; 1 sank HEALE'S CONCENTRATED FARM-YARD MANURE. 6s.; 1 cwt. COARSE SILVER SAND, 3s. 6d. Or, 1 sack Mixture of above to suit any purpose. 5s. Over 10s. value, free delivery by Carter Patersou, or to rail. Send 6d. extra for sack. CANES and BAMBOOS. The cheapest, neatest, and most durable for every clasa of plants. Black or White, thin, round, 1 foot long. Is. per 100, 7s. 6d. per 1000 ; 1 ft. 6 in. lone. Is. 6d. per 100, 12s. id. per 1000. White 1 ft. 10 in. long, stiff Canes, 2s. per 100, 17s. 6d. per 1000 ; 2 ft. 6 in., 2s. 6d. per 100. 20s. per 1000 ; 4 ft.. 3s. 6d. per 100, 32s. 6d. per 1000 ; 5 ft., 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. OPEN AIR MUSHROOMS. SPAWN for meadows, lawns, and paddocks. By following our directions and using our SPECIAL MEADOW SPAWN, excellent crops may be gathered through the summer and autumn. Price 5$. per bushel. Is. extra for sack and carriage. LONDON PURPLE. Thid insecticide is proving to be the cheapest and most effective destroyer of leaf-eating and fruit-destroying plant pests {vide Gardeners' Chronicle and other horticultural papers). Best time to use it is as soon as blossom falls. Sample packets with directions, 2s. 6d. and 5s. post free. Send for our new Lists of all requisites and specialties. R. BEALE and CO., NEW SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N. Contractors to the London County Council. PEAT. C. H. RICHARDS as a fine Stock for of splendid quality. ORCHIDS, AZALEAS, Write for full Price List of Manures and all Sundries. I f^\ A R Jl of unsurpassed quality, in Solid, Fibrous L.Vu'MIVI Turves. LONDON and RINGWOOD. 1, Belvedere Crescent, Lambeth, London, S.E. ^ROSIKA" Trade Mark Registered, Effective, Harmless. Promptly clears Roses and all plantsfrom green fly, caterpillars, spiders, and other insect pests. It recommends itself to all who have tried it for its efficiency, pleasant odour, the facility with which it is applied, and its cleanliness in application ; so that anyone, however particular, can use it, and it is always ready for use. Price 1/- &, 1/9- To be had through Chemists & Seedsmen, or directfrom the manufacturers, F. SCHUTZE & CO., 38a, Aldersgate Street, London, B.C. Apparatus for use of Rosika, 3 sizes, Is. 9d., 3s., and is.Qd. ENUINE GARDEN REQUISITES, as supplied to the Royal Gardens. RUSSIA MATS— New Archangel, 9 ft. 4 ins. by 4 ft. 6 ins., 2Cs^ doz. ; Heavy Petersburg, 7 ft. by 3 ft. 8 ins., 12s. doz. SPECIAXITE TOBACCO PAPER. lOd. per lb., 28 lb. for 21s. TOBACCO CLOTH. Is. per lb., 281b.tor26s. ORCHID PEAT. 8s. per sack. PEAT. LOAM, SAND. MANURES, and SUN- DRIES. Price List free. — W. HERBERT AND Co., Hop Exchange Warehouses, Southwark Street, London, S.E. PERFECT" SUMMER SHADING Supersedes all Others " For SHADING GLASS ROOFS Of ALL KINDS. Is the Cheapest. Goes four times as far as the old preparations. Note its merits described below. Messrs. Carlton, Contractors for the painting of the Glasgow Exhibition 0M888, write :— " By order of the Directors we applied this Shading to the glass roofing of the Glasgow Exhibition, and found it possessed grent advantages over all other preparations we had met with. Uetug applied cold it was most con- venient to use, aud while it resisted the action of the rain the whole season it was at once easily removed by gentle rubbing after wetting. It afforded a cool and pleasant shade, at the same time admitting an abundance of light." Price.- 1-lb. tin, Is. ; 2-lb. tin, 2s. Post-free, 4Jd. extra. 1 lb. makes half a gallon for use. "PERFECT" WEED KILLER (Trial sample post-free.) Maintains its Superiority over all Rivals for permanently destroying vegetation on Walks, Carriage DrtveB, Ash Tennis Courts, Stonework grown green, Ac. Used at Kew Gardens, Roval Horticultural Gardens, &c., s. W. 9i. 14J. And in tW. and Is. packets. To be hurt of Sprf«m™ and Unri-I,. or the NORMAL MANURE COMPANY, Ltd., 131, BishopsRate Street Within, P.',. and K.irnhum Road. Guildford, Usual Trade Discount*. Wholesaleof Messrs. HITROTajipSON. lna.Hoandaditali.London For Green and Black Fly, American Blight. Camellia Scale, Bad Spider, Mealy Bug. Brown and White Scale, Worms, Wood Lice, &c. W&K£9ffl£ •£ W3I "PICREN A," "SbSSSK.11 '#9M (VAPOUR CONE). Null,!, tin- L5 SAFE— ECONOMICAL— EFFECTUAL. 15, Princes Stkkkt. EDINBURGH, July 15, 1887.— "Dear Sirs, I have thoroughly tested a sample of a new Insecticide which you were so good to send me. At the rate of 1 or., to a gallon of water at a temperature of 95°, I find it kill* Green Kiy Immediately. Double this strength, or 2 oz. to a gallon at liO0, seals the fate of Scale of all sorts in a few seconds; while 3 oz. to gallon at same temperature effectually dissolves Mealy Bug, and k> tar as I have yet observed, without the 'lightest injury to leal or flower, and it is withal a most ngreeable compound to work with. All our insect remedies are applied through common syringe, or garden engine, a much M-verer test of efficiency than when applied by hand-washing or »pray.— I remain, dear sirs, yours truly. (Signed) A. MACKENZIE." of Messrs. Methvan & Sons. Victoria and Paradise Nurseries, Upper Holloway, London, January 1, 1888. "Gentlemen— I have given your Insecti- cide, ' Picrena,' a good trial in competition with many others. I am pleased to say that I have found it to be more effectual in destroying Mealy Bug and other insects than anything we have ever used. It ought to command a good sale. (Signed) U.S. WILLIAMS." Sold by Chemists, Nurserymen, and Florists, n Bottles at fi. &/., 2s. «<*., and 3s. 6d. ; in Tins (I and 2 gallons), 10s. 6d. and 20s. each ; in quantities of 5 gMlons and apwaids, Bf. per gallon. Prepared only by DUNCAN, FLOCKHART & CO., Chemists to the Queen, Edinburgh. May be had from B. 8. WILLIAMS, Victoria and Paradise afmreeiiea, rpper Holloway, London ; and from WILLIAM EDWARDS AND SON, 157, Queen Victoria Street, London. SC-I urpu method for th«- total struction Ol In - Greenhouses. It cannot ful where the houses ara Becure. No possible injury to the most delicate pi rat PRICES - For Frames, See., uf ft' I nihil' feet, lir/. ; loo feet. 91. Houaea, Jko., .-..I. i feet. It. ; 1""" feet, i .'../. . 1000 teat, it. each. Owing to the enormous demand, intending users thould give their oeedemen Sarhf Orders to tecvrt " supply. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. (Limited), LONDON. TO BE OBTAINED OF ALL SEEDSMEN. 'Till; "STdTT" Patent Insecticide Manure -I- DISTRIBUTOR. THt_0lSTHIBUT0H_ "^ • &«1 SAVE HALF THE COST. Price LISTS ou application. he "Stott" Fertilizer and Insecticide Distributor Company (Limited), barton house, manchester. BEDFORDSHIRE COARSE AND FINE GARSIDE'S «? SILVER SAND Quality obtainable in the Trade. Oonsumars ahonld Buy Direct from the Owner of these Celebrated and Extensive Pits, winch contain a practically in- exhaustible supply of Splendid Sand, and thus nine half the ordinary cost. Nf) TRAVELLERS OR AGENTS. Apply direct to the Proprietor for Samples and Price free on Rail or Canal. All Orders executed with the utmost promptness and under personal supervision Special Rail- way Bates ill force to all parts. All kinds of PEAT supplied at lowest possible prices. Sample Bag teuton applioal Ion to GEO. GARSIDE, Jun.. F.R.H.8.. Lelghton Buzzard, Beds. AT LAST A II.. to Plant Growers, •ely New Invention. No more Tobacco Paper, with its dangerous nnd disagreeable fumes. CAMPBELL'S FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE Kills Fly, Thrip, and Spider, in the easiest, cheapest, and most harmless way to Flowers, Fruit, or Foliage, even if treble the necessary quantity is used. The best, of all Insecticides for Orchids. Try it. In Rolls for houses of a capacity of— 100 cubic feet, ftOO feet, 1000 feet, 2000 feet, t , 8d. 1/- 1/3 2/3 P08t-"ee. CLTBRAN, Oldfield Nursery, Altrincham ; 10 and 12, Market Street, Manchester. /MOST EFFECTIVE I SAFEST TOBACCO PAPER^j "Improved & only Genuine Medicated" I 1/tt per lb. Circular, with testimonials, Pnst Free. I IDICKSONS rNi^ffmet CHESTER./' B EESON'S Cheapest Fertiliser for all purposes. MANURE— The Best and Write for Ciroular containing the Leading Gardeners' and Market Growers' Reports. Sold in Tins, Is., 2s. id., bs. M., and 10j. M. each. or 1 cwt. Bans, sealed. 13j. By all Seedsmen, or npplydireot to W. H. BF.ESON, Carbrook Bone Mills, Sheffield. 638 THE GA B DENE J? 8' CHE 0 NT CL E. [May 24, 1890. GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICE STANDEN'S MANURE Established Nearly 30 Years. The reduction has been effected through the introduction of increased and improved plant for manufacturing. It is now generally acknowledged that this highly concentrated Manure exceeds all others in general fertilising properties and staying powers, thus rendering its money value at least double that of any other Manure. It promotes a rapid, healthy, and robust growth to plants generally. It is a clean and dry powder, with very little smell. It is consequently particularly adaptable for Amateurs equally with Nurserymen. Sold in Tins of increased sizes, 6d., Is., 2s. 6d., 5s. 6d., and 10s. 6d. each ; and in Kegs (Free) at the following greatly reduced prices : 28 lb., 10s. 6d. ; 56 lb., 18s.; 112 1b., 32s. each. SOLE MANUFACTURERS : SHANKS'Sp-SUAWN mower THE ORIGINAL LAWN MOWER FITTED WITH DOUBLE-EDGED SOLE PLATE, Enabling the Cutting Tarts to last twice as long as in other Machines. These Machines are strong and substantial, and very easily worked. They make the Lawn like velvet, and are not liable to get out of order. Illustrated Circulars, with full par- ticulars of Machines (from 25s.), for Hand, Pony, and Horse- power, sent free on application. NEW LIGHT MACHINE. WILL MOW VERGES ROUND FLOWER BEDS, &c. VERY EASY TO WORK. Price- and Particulars on appli< ation. GARDEN ROLLERS OF ALL SIZES. CORRY, SOPER, FOWLER & CO. AL!M=SI.!c°N' (Limited), LONDON. Sold by all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, and Florists. A Large Stock of all London, where Repairs London Address for Repairs : — 5, Old Swan Lane, Upper Thames Street, E.C. .veet-seented Oak- scarlet, white. CHEAP BEDDING PLANTS, All Strong and Healthy. GERANIUMS, from single pots, autumn-struck : — „ Vesuvius, Sis'ey, Christine, Madame Voucher, 2s. 6d. per doz., 14s. per 100. „ Henry Jacoby, Happy Thought, Bronze Peri 11a, Silver-leaf, 3s. per doz.. 16s. per 100. ,, Ivy-leaf, double and single, to name, £ leaf, 3s. per doz., 16s. per 100. VERBENAS, purple, striped, pink, crimso Is. 9rf. per doz., 12s. per 100. CALCEOLARIAS, Golden Gem, 2s. per doz., 15s. per 100 ; Amplexicaulis, handsome lemon, 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. LOBELIAS, Emperor William (the best blue), from cuttings, 2s. 6d. per 100, 20s. per 1000.' AGERATUM, dwarf blue, 5s. per 100, 35s. per 1000. MARGUERITES, yellow, large white, small white, 10s. per 100. MIMULUS, Queen's Prize, splendid mixed colours, 2s. per doz., 10s. per 100. PYRETHRl'.M. Selageuoides (new Golden Feather), 2s. per 100, 20s. per 1000. PETUNIAS, splendid striped and fringe!, single, 5s. per 100, 40s. per 1000. „ beautiful double mixed, 8s. per 100, 60s. per 1000. HELIOTROPE, Miss Nightingale (dark), 3s. per doz., 20s. per 100. PINK, Mrs. Siukins, large plants, from single pots, 3s. per doz. ,, Dianthus Deletata, „ „ ,, 3s. per doz. CLOVE, old crimson „ „ ,, 3s. per doz. CARNATION, finest, Doubles, mixed „ ,, 3s. per do/.. DAHLIAS, Single, named, all shades of brilliant colours, from single pots, 2s. 6rf. per doz., 18s. per 100. ,, Doubles, best named, Show, Fancy, and Pompones, from single pots, 2s. &d. per doz., 18s. per 100. CACTUS DAHLIAS, Jaurezii, Constance, Fire King, and others, 4s. per doz. PANSIES, Show and Fancy, splendid mixed, " from cuttings," 8s. per 100. PY'RETHRUM (Herbaceous), Double and Single to name, from single pots, 4s. per doz. PHLOX f Herbaceous), mixed colours, Is. per doz. CHRYSANTHEMUM, selection of finest named Show varieties, from single pots, 2s. 6(/. per doz., 18s. per 100. PAPAVIA. N'udicaule (beautiful Iceland Poppy), white and orange, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. ,, "The Shirley," splendid showy variety, 4s. per 100, 30s. per 1000. CASH, Package Free. Extra plants to cover carriage. CATALOGUE Gratis. H. I. HARDY, F.R.H.S. STOl'R VALLEY NURSERIES, BURES, SUFFOLK. Mat 24, 1890.1 THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE 639 DAHLIAS. — Clearance Sale. — A superb Collection, including all the most beautiful and popular of the Show and Fancy Cactus-flowered and Pompone varieties, 3s. Qd. per dozen, 6 for 2s., or 25 for 6s. 6rf. Extra choice sorts, 45. 6d. per dozen, 6 for 25. 6rf., or 25 for 8s. All strong plants, correctly named, and ready for immediate planting out. Carriage free at prices quoted. DANIELS BROS., Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. FUCHSIAS.— Clearance Sale.— A magnifi- cent Collection of superb Double and Single-flowered varieties, including the newest and most beautiful sorts in cultivation. Splendid for pot culture or the garden. Strong young Plants, from single pots, correctly named, 25. &d. per dozen, 6 for Is. 6d., or 25 for 4s. 6d. Extra choice sorts, 3s. 6rf. per dozen, 6 for 2s., or 25 for 6s. BROS., t.juh CIo •■ Nurseries, Norwich. SINGLE-FLOWERED HA II LIAS planted O out now will produce a charming display of beautiful flowers, splendid for the garden, strung mixed Seedlings, from our fine collection of choice named -on-, 2*. per dozen, 2o for 3s. 6d., or 100 for 12*. 6tif., carriage free for cash. DANIELS BROS.. Town Close Nurseries, Norwich. OLD-FASHIONED I BEAUTIFUL FLOWERS FROM SEED. N.u. Prices are perpaokel all li an peat-free. Alpine Auricula (lovely strain),